PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
25031403-4	2014	Prolonged stimulation of A1Rs with the agonist N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) caused adenosine-induced persistent synaptic depression (APSD) in hippocampal brain slices, and APSD levels were blunted by inhibiting clathrin-mediated endocytosis of GluA2 subunits with the Tat-GluA2-3Y peptide.	Adenosine	63-72	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	247-252
25093813-0	2014	Adenosine A2A receptors activation facilitates neuromuscular transmission in the pre-symptomatic phase of the SOD1(G93A) ALS mice, but not in the symptomatic phase.	Adenosine	0-9	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	110-114
24749746-0	2014	Human CD4+ CD39+ regulatory T cells produce adenosine upon co-expression of surface CD73 or contact with CD73+ exosomes or CD73+ cells.	Adenosine	44-53	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	6-9
24970893-9	2014	On the other hand, activation of CREB with adenosine suppressed IL-6 expression.	Adenosine	43-52	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	64-68
25298788-7	2014	The concept that transmitter ATP in mature astrocytes is synthesized directly from adenosine prior to release is supported by the postnatal development of the expression of the vesicular transporter SLC17A9 in astrocytes.	Adenosine	83-92	solute carrier family 17 member 9	Homo sapiens	199-206
25031403-4	2014	Prolonged stimulation of A1Rs with the agonist N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) caused adenosine-induced persistent synaptic depression (APSD) in hippocampal brain slices, and APSD levels were blunted by inhibiting clathrin-mediated endocytosis of GluA2 subunits with the Tat-GluA2-3Y peptide.	Adenosine	63-72	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	275-280
24829383-7	2014	Processing of pri-miRNAs by Drosha and Dicer has been shown to be affected by adenosine-to-inosine deamination-type RNA editing.	Adenosine	78-87	dicer 1, ribonuclease III L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	39-44
24678970-11	2014	In conclusion, we demonstrated that VEGF induction via adenosine signaling might be the critical event in regulating VEGF-NO axis in diabetic nephropathy.	Adenosine	55-64	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	36-40
24678970-11	2014	In conclusion, we demonstrated that VEGF induction via adenosine signaling might be the critical event in regulating VEGF-NO axis in diabetic nephropathy.	Adenosine	55-64	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	117-121
24881569-1	2014	An impact of adenosine modification with electroneutral, lipophilic 1,12-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane or electronegative 7,8-dicarba-nido-undecaborane boron cluster at the 6-N, 2"-C and 2-C positions on human neutrophil oxidative burst, neutrophil adherence to fibronectin and protein kinase C activity was studied.	Adenosine	13-22	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	259-270
24818983-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Adar2 deaminates selective adenosines to inosines (A-to-I RNA editing) in the double-stranded region of nuclear transcripts.	Adenosine	39-49	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1a	Danio rerio	12-17
23857120-4	2014	We identified a novel association with AD in the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F0 (ATP5H)/Potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing protein 2 (KCTD2) locus, which reached genome-wide significance in the combined discovery and genotyping sample (rs11870474, odds ratio (OR)=1.58, P=2.6 x 10(-7) in discovery and OR=1.43, P=0.004 in Fundacio ACE data set; combined OR=1.53, P=4.7 x 10(-9)).	Adenosine	49-58	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	390-393
24936247-3	2014	However, evidence suggests that adenosine, released during the initial ischemic insult, activates a variety of G protein-coupled agonists, such as opioids, bradykinin, and catecholamines, resulting in the activation of protein kinases, especially protein kinase C (PKC).	Adenosine	32-41	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	156-166
24914683-0	2014	Adenosine prevents TNFalpha-induced decrease in endothelial mitochondrial mass via activation of eNOS-PGC-1alpha regulatory axis.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	19-27
24914683-0	2014	Adenosine prevents TNFalpha-induced decrease in endothelial mitochondrial mass via activation of eNOS-PGC-1alpha regulatory axis.	Adenosine	0-9	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	97-101
24914683-0	2014	Adenosine prevents TNFalpha-induced decrease in endothelial mitochondrial mass via activation of eNOS-PGC-1alpha regulatory axis.	Adenosine	0-9	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	102-112
24914683-5	2014	The effects of adenosine were blocked by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, a morpholino antisense oligonucleotide to endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), or siRNA knockdown of the transcriptional coactivator, PGC-1alpha.	Adenosine	15-24	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	157-190
24914683-5	2014	The effects of adenosine were blocked by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, a morpholino antisense oligonucleotide to endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), or siRNA knockdown of the transcriptional coactivator, PGC-1alpha.	Adenosine	15-24	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	192-196
24914683-5	2014	The effects of adenosine were blocked by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, a morpholino antisense oligonucleotide to endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), or siRNA knockdown of the transcriptional coactivator, PGC-1alpha.	Adenosine	15-24	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	254-264
24914683-8	2014	TNFalpha also decreased expression of eNOS, cellular NO levels, and PGC-1alpha expression, which were reversed by adenosine.	Adenosine	114-123	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-8
24914683-8	2014	TNFalpha also decreased expression of eNOS, cellular NO levels, and PGC-1alpha expression, which were reversed by adenosine.	Adenosine	114-123	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	38-42
24914683-8	2014	TNFalpha also decreased expression of eNOS, cellular NO levels, and PGC-1alpha expression, which were reversed by adenosine.	Adenosine	114-123	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	68-78
24914683-11	2014	These effects were reversed by adenosine, an effect mediated by eNOS-synthesized NO, acting via soluble guanylate cyclase/cGMP to activate a mitochondrial biogenesis regulatory program under the control of PGC-1alpha.	Adenosine	31-40	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	64-68
24914683-11	2014	These effects were reversed by adenosine, an effect mediated by eNOS-synthesized NO, acting via soluble guanylate cyclase/cGMP to activate a mitochondrial biogenesis regulatory program under the control of PGC-1alpha.	Adenosine	31-40	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	206-216
24914683-12	2014	These results support the existence of an adenosine-triggered, mito-and cytoprotective mechanism dependent upon an eNOS-PGC-1alpha regulatory pathway, which acts to preserve endothelial mitochondrial function and mass during inflammatory challenge.	Adenosine	42-51	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	115-119
24914683-12	2014	These results support the existence of an adenosine-triggered, mito-and cytoprotective mechanism dependent upon an eNOS-PGC-1alpha regulatory pathway, which acts to preserve endothelial mitochondrial function and mass during inflammatory challenge.	Adenosine	42-51	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	120-130
24833001-4	2014	ATP can be converted into adenosine by the dephosphorylation of ALP, so that the generation of CdS QDs would be inhibited in the presence of ALP.	Adenosine	26-35	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	64-67
24833001-4	2014	ATP can be converted into adenosine by the dephosphorylation of ALP, so that the generation of CdS QDs would be inhibited in the presence of ALP.	Adenosine	26-35	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	141-144
24731651-7	2014	In conclusion, patients with non-STEMI and those with increased C-reactive protein levels show a lower reduction in MR after intracoronary adenosine-induced hyperemia, leading to FFR underestimation.	Adenosine	139-148	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	64-82
24882976-8	2014	RESULTS: At a low concentration, adenosine increased melanin content and tyrosinase activity, while a high dose of adenosine resulted in inhibition of tyrosinase activity.	Adenosine	33-42	tyrosinase	Danio rerio	73-83
24782773-4	2014	METHODS: The ability of adenosine to regulate p53 and Rb protein levels, proliferation, apoptosis and senescence was tested in the human HSC cell line LX-2 and rat primary HSC.	Adenosine	24-33	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	46-49
24327108-1	2014	We previously demonstrated that equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 was expressed in taste cells, suggesting the existence of an adenosine signaling system, but whether or not the expression of an adenosine receptor occurs in rat taste buds remains unknown.	Adenosine	132-141	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-70
24882976-8	2014	RESULTS: At a low concentration, adenosine increased melanin content and tyrosinase activity, while a high dose of adenosine resulted in inhibition of tyrosinase activity.	Adenosine	115-124	tyrosinase	Danio rerio	151-161
24882976-9	2014	Western blotting showed that adenosine increased tyrosinase protein levels slightly, while high-dose adenosine decreased the expression of tyrosinase.	Adenosine	29-38	tyrosinase	Danio rerio	49-59
24882976-9	2014	Western blotting showed that adenosine increased tyrosinase protein levels slightly, while high-dose adenosine decreased the expression of tyrosinase.	Adenosine	101-110	tyrosinase	Danio rerio	139-149
24882976-12	2014	The results suggest that adenosine may inhibit pigmentation, through negative regulation of tyrosinase.	Adenosine	25-34	tyrosinase	Danio rerio	92-102
24119187-0	2014	Adenosine increases LPS-induced nuclear factor kappa B activation in smooth muscle cells via an intracellular mechanism and modulates it via actions on adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	0-9	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	32-54
24200164-7	2014	2-AG also enhanced prolactin secretion in the presence of adenosine, while it had little effect when applied together with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP).	Adenosine	58-67	prolactin	Mesocricetus auratus	19-28
24200164-9	2014	In conclusion, our data suggest that 2-AG sensitizes the PD tissue to potentiate the stimulating effects of forskolin and adenosine on prolactin secretion and thus provide novel insight into the mode of action of 2-AG in the PD.	Adenosine	122-131	prolactin	Mesocricetus auratus	135-144
24873156-7	2014	CONCLUSION: Adenosine may affect the progression of inflammation by regulating the expressions of the cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-10 in ABP rats through the adenosine receptor signaling pathway.	Adenosine	12-21	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	112-121
24256311-0	2014	Adenosine as a regulator of NFkappaB activation.	Adenosine	0-9	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	28-36
24589267-5	2014	Adenosine signaling through the adenosine A2B receptor (A2BR) may be detrimental in SCD.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2b receptor	Homo sapiens	32-54
24114647-3	2014	Adenosine signals through four GPCRs that either inhibit (A1AR and A3AR) or activate (A2aAR and A2bAR) adenylyl cyclase.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	67-71
24119187-5	2014	RESULTS: Adenosine potentiated LPS-induced NFkappaB activation.	Adenosine	9-18	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	43-51
24119187-10	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Adenosine increases LPS-induced nuclear factor kappa B activation in smooth muscle cells via an intracellular mechanism and decreases it via actions on A1 and A2A receptors.	Adenosine	13-22	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	45-67
24119187-11	2014	These results provide novel insights into the role of adenosine as a regulator of inflammation-induced NFkappaB activation.	Adenosine	54-63	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	103-111
24119187-1	2014	AIM: In inflamed and damaged cardiovascular tissues, local extracellular adenosine concentrations increase coincidentally with activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB).	Adenosine	73-82	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	166-188
24119187-1	2014	AIM: In inflamed and damaged cardiovascular tissues, local extracellular adenosine concentrations increase coincidentally with activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB).	Adenosine	73-82	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	190-198
24088627-4	2014	In vitro growth impairment of the purL mutant and its growth dependency on adenine and adenosine confirmed the functional disruption of the purine synthesis gene.	Adenosine	87-96	phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase	Homo sapiens	34-38
24024783-3	2014	Adenosine acts via specific GPCRs to either stimulate cyclic AMP formation, as exemplified by Gs -protein-coupled adenosine receptors (A2A and A2B ), or inhibit AC activity, in the case of Gi/o -coupled adenosine receptors (A1 and A3 ).	Adenosine	0-9	BCL2 related protein A1	Homo sapiens	224-233
24837313-7	2014	Adenosine modified myeloid cells express also higher levels of mRNA of proinflammatory cytokines and chemoattractants (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1 b).	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	119-123
24837313-7	2014	Adenosine modified myeloid cells express also higher levels of mRNA of proinflammatory cytokines and chemoattractants (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1 b).	Adenosine	0-9	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	125-129
24837313-7	2014	Adenosine modified myeloid cells express also higher levels of mRNA of proinflammatory cytokines and chemoattractants (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1 b).	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	131-137
24161482-2	2014	Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging has shown subendocardial hypoperfusion in patients with CSX after adenosine.	Adenosine	108-117	NK2 homeobox 5	Homo sapiens	98-101
24262796-2	2014	Extracellular adenosine subsequently signals through four distinct adenosine A receptors (Adora1, Adora2a, Adora2b, or Adora3).	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	119-125
24375753-5	2014	In addition, Nf1 GEM were employed as experimental platforms to investigate sexually dimorphic differences in learning/memory, visual acuity, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, and Nf1 protein (neurofibromin)-regulated signaling pathway function (Ras activity, cyclic adenosine monophosphate [cAMP], and dopamine levels).	Adenosine	268-277	neurofibromin 1	Homo sapiens	194-207
24394318-0	2014	Enhanced antitumor effects of adenoviral-mediated siRNA against GRP78 gene on adenosine-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells.	Adenosine	78-87	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	64-69
24489992-0	2014	Anti-CD39 and anti-CD73 antibodies A1 and 7G2 improve targeted therapy in ovarian cancer by blocking adenosine-dependent immune evasion.	Adenosine	101-110	BCL2 related protein A1	Homo sapiens	35-45
24489992-4	2014	While this might partly be due to antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, a luciferase-dependent assay for quantifying biologically active adenosine further showed that A1 and 7G2 can inhibit CD39 and CD73-dependent adenosine-generation.	Adenosine	146-155	BCL2 related protein A1	Homo sapiens	176-186
24489992-4	2014	While this might partly be due to antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, a luciferase-dependent assay for quantifying biologically active adenosine further showed that A1 and 7G2 can inhibit CD39 and CD73-dependent adenosine-generation.	Adenosine	223-232	BCL2 related protein A1	Homo sapiens	176-186
24489992-5	2014	In turn, the reduction in adenosine levels achieved by addition of A1 and 7G2 to OAW-42 or SK-OV-3 cells was found to de-inhibit the proliferation of CD4(+) T cells in coculture with OvCA cells.	Adenosine	26-35	BCL2 related protein A1	Homo sapiens	67-77
24489992-7	2014	Thus, antibodies like A1 and 7G2 could improve targeted therapy in ovarian cancer not only by specifically labeling overexpressed antigens but also by blocking adenosine-dependent immune evasion in this immunogenic malignancy.	Adenosine	160-169	BCL2 related protein A1	Homo sapiens	22-32
24407238-8	2014	In vitro biochemical analysis revealed that adenosine directly attenuated recruitment of NF-kappaB to the TNF-alpha and interleukin-6 promoters.	Adenosine	44-53	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	89-98
24407238-8	2014	In vitro biochemical analysis revealed that adenosine directly attenuated recruitment of NF-kappaB to the TNF-alpha and interleukin-6 promoters.	Adenosine	44-53	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	106-115
24407238-8	2014	In vitro biochemical analysis revealed that adenosine directly attenuated recruitment of NF-kappaB to the TNF-alpha and interleukin-6 promoters.	Adenosine	44-53	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	120-133
24498147-4	2014	In previous studies, we showed that geminivirus pathogenicity proteins interact with both SnRK1 and adenosine kinase (ADK), which phosphorylates adenosine to generate 5"-AMP.	Adenosine	100-109	adenosine kinase	Arabidopsis thaliana	118-121
24309216-8	2014	1% oxygen or adenosine increased cAMP accumulation and HSP20 phosphorylation without changing T850-MYPT1 and MLC phosphorylation.	Adenosine	13-22	heat shock protein family B (small) member 6	Homo sapiens	55-60
24309216-12	2014	Adenosine and 1% oxygen induce vasorelaxation in PGF2alpha-contracted porcine coronary arteries partly by force suppression caused by increased cAMP and phosphorylation of HSP20.	Adenosine	0-9	heat shock protein family B (small) member 6	Homo sapiens	172-177
24394318-9	2014	Knockdown of GRP78 enhanced HepG2 cell sensitivity to adenosine by modulating G0/G1 arrest and stimulating Bax, Bak, m-calpain, caspase-4 and CHOP protein levels.	Adenosine	54-63	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	13-18
24394318-2	2014	In this study, we have investigated whether knockdown of GRP78 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) increases the cytotoxic effects of adenosine in HepG2 cells.	Adenosine	127-136	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	57-62
25522227-10	2014	It has been demonstrated that adenosine, through activation of P1 receptors present on adipocytes and pancreatic islets cells, inhibits the release of insulin.	Adenosine	30-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	151-158
25236726-7	2014	Astrocytic, SNARE-mediated ATP release provides the extracellular adenosine that drives homeostatic sleep.	Adenosine	66-75	small NF90 (ILF3) associated RNA E	Homo sapiens	12-17
23701205-1	2014	The adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transport protein P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) is involved in the export of beta-amyloid from the brain into the blood, and there is evidence that age-associated deficits in cerebral P-glycoprotein content may be involved in Alzheimer"s disease pathogenesis.	Adenosine	4-13	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Mus musculus	78-83
24162843-7	2014	We next performed [(3)H]KW-7158 binding experiments and an adenosine influx assay and found that KW-7158 binds to and inhibits ENT1.	Adenosine	59-68	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	127-131
23805842-4	2014	Drug design of p38alpha MAPK inhibitors is mainly focused on small molecules that compete for Adenosine triphosphate in the catalytic site.	Adenosine	94-103	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	15-23
25174341-11	2014	We also discuss alternative methods of reversal of Mrp1-mediated chemoresistance in these cells by targeting extracellular adenosine production or signalling through particular plasma membrane receptors.	Adenosine	123-132	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
24177021-4	2014	However, previously we found great A1 receptor reserve for the direct negative inotropic effect of adenosine in isolated guinea pig atria.	Adenosine	99-108	adenosine receptor A1	Cavia porcellus	35-46
24096734-7	2014	Moreover, all adenosine agonists prevented either Ang II- or ET-1-induced hypertrophy, a property shared by the RhoA inhibitor Clostridium botulinum C3 exoenzyme, the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 or the actin depolymerizing agent latrunculin B.	Adenosine	14-23	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	50-56
23875992-6	2014	GDM associates with NO-reduced adenosine uptake in placental endothelium, suggested to maintain and/or facilitate insulin vasodilation likely increasing hCAT-1 and eNOS expression and activity.	Adenosine	31-40	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	164-168
24096734-7	2014	Moreover, all adenosine agonists prevented either Ang II- or ET-1-induced hypertrophy, a property shared by the RhoA inhibitor Clostridium botulinum C3 exoenzyme, the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 or the actin depolymerizing agent latrunculin B.	Adenosine	14-23	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
24940685-8	2014	Following addition of AMP, production of adenosine in the medium of E5NT/ENTPD1- and E5NT- transfected cells increased to 14.2+-1.1 and 24.5+-3.4 muM respectively while it remained below 1 muM in controls and in ENTPD1-transfected cells.	Adenosine	41-50	latexin	Homo sapiens	146-149
24940685-8	2014	Following addition of AMP, production of adenosine in the medium of E5NT/ENTPD1- and E5NT- transfected cells increased to 14.2+-1.1 and 24.5+-3.4 muM respectively while it remained below 1 muM in controls and in ENTPD1-transfected cells.	Adenosine	41-50	latexin	Homo sapiens	189-192
24940685-9	2014	A marked increase of adenosine formation from ADP or ATP was observed only in E5NT/ENTPD1-transfected cells (11.7+-0.1 and 5.7+-2.2 muM respectively) but not in any other condition studied.	Adenosine	21-30	latexin	Homo sapiens	132-135
24940687-5	2014	The most significant difference between ApoE/LDLr (-/-) and wild-type mice was several times higher rate of conversion of adenosine to inosine catalyzed by eADA activity.	Adenosine	122-131	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	40-44
24119573-3	2013	Altered adenosine metabolism and uptake by the endothelium leads to increased NO synthesis which then turns-off the expression of genes coding for a family of nucleoside membrane transporters belonging to equilibrative nucleoside transporters, particularly isoforms 1 (hENT1) and 2 (hENT2).	Adenosine	8-17	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	283-288
24227782-13	2013	Additionally, adenosine suppresses IL-2 secretion via KCa3.1 inhibition.	Adenosine	14-23	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	35-39
24161944-4	2013	In contrast with initial assumptions, it is now well documented that CBS motifs and/or Bateman modules may suffer conformational changes upon binding of adenosine derivatives, metal ions or nucleic acids.	Adenosine	153-162	cystathionine beta-synthase	Homo sapiens	69-72
23922379-0	2013	Adenosine augments IL-10-induced STAT3 signaling in M2c macrophages.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	19-24
23922379-0	2013	Adenosine augments IL-10-induced STAT3 signaling in M2c macrophages.	Adenosine	0-9	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	33-38
23922379-4	2013	We found that adenosine augmented the IL-10-induced expression of TIMP-1 and arginase-1 by the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and by mouse BMDMs.	Adenosine	14-23	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	38-43
23922379-4	2013	We found that adenosine augmented the IL-10-induced expression of TIMP-1 and arginase-1 by the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and by mouse BMDMs.	Adenosine	14-23	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1	Mus musculus	66-72
23922379-8	2013	In contrast to its stimulatory effect on IL-10-induced STAT3 activation, adenosine inhibited IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and SAA3 expression.	Adenosine	73-82	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	93-97
23922379-8	2013	In contrast to its stimulatory effect on IL-10-induced STAT3 activation, adenosine inhibited IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and SAA3 expression.	Adenosine	73-82	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	106-111
23922379-8	2013	In contrast to its stimulatory effect on IL-10-induced STAT3 activation, adenosine inhibited IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and SAA3 expression.	Adenosine	73-82	serum amyloid A 3	Mus musculus	132-136
23922379-9	2013	In conclusion, adenosine enhances IL-10-induced STAT3 signaling and M2c macrophage activation.	Adenosine	15-24	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	34-39
23922379-9	2013	In conclusion, adenosine enhances IL-10-induced STAT3 signaling and M2c macrophage activation.	Adenosine	15-24	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	48-53
23916894-6	2013	Cultured astrocytes from wildtype mice showed increased adenosine release in response to interleukin-6 and the hippocampus of wildtype mice had increased adenosine production 28 days after EAE induction, but the ALKO mutation abolished the increase in both conditions.	Adenosine	56-65	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	89-102
24282237-6	2013	Post-anoxia MEND is ablated in DHHC5-deficient hearts, inhibited by cyclosporine A (CsA) and adenosine, promoted by staurosporine (STS), reduced in hearts lacking PLM, and correlates with impaired post-anoxia contractile function.	Adenosine	93-102	zinc finger DHHC-type palmitoyltransferase 5	Homo sapiens	31-36
24128682-3	2013	Adenosine is a key endogenous signaling molecule with anticonvulsive and anti-inflammatory effects, and our previous work demonstrated that dysfunction of the adenosine kinase (ADK)-adenosine system and astrogliosis are the hallmarks of epilepsy.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	159-175
24122028-2	2013	Potentiation of degranulation occurs at relatively low concentrations of ADO (10-6-10-5 M) through triggering of A3AR, whereas, inhibition occurs at higher concentrations of ADO reportedly through triggering of A2aAR.	Adenosine	73-76	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	113-117
24128682-3	2013	Adenosine is a key endogenous signaling molecule with anticonvulsive and anti-inflammatory effects, and our previous work demonstrated that dysfunction of the adenosine kinase (ADK)-adenosine system and astrogliosis are the hallmarks of epilepsy.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	177-180
24128682-3	2013	Adenosine is a key endogenous signaling molecule with anticonvulsive and anti-inflammatory effects, and our previous work demonstrated that dysfunction of the adenosine kinase (ADK)-adenosine system and astrogliosis are the hallmarks of epilepsy.	Adenosine	159-168	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	177-180
24284839-11	2013	The concentration of extracellular adenosine was also detected by microdialysis method after intrathecal injection of PAP (0.57 mug) and DIP (10 mug) in the CIBP rats.	Adenosine	35-44	acid phosphatase 3	Rattus norvegicus	118-121
24284839-14	2013	Simultaneously, intrathecal injection of PAP increased the extracellular concentration of spinal adenosine in the CIBP rats, as well as inhibited the neuronal responses of WDR neurons in deep layers within the spinal dorsal horn through the adenosine A1 receptor.	Adenosine	97-106	acid phosphatase 3	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
24284839-18	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that PAP was involved in the maintenance of CIBP and could effectively suppress central sensitization by increasing spinal extracellular adenosine concentrations to exert a significant antinociceptive effect via the adenosine A1 receptor in CIBP rats.	Adenosine	173-182	acid phosphatase 3	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
23969284-7	2013	Ado inhibited LPS-increased HIF-1alpha accumulation under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, through activation of A1 and A3 receptors.	Adenosine	0-3	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	14-17
24278035-3	2013	These and other dNf1 defects are relatively insensitive to manipulations that reduce Ras signaling strength but are suppressed by increasing signaling through the 3"-5" cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) dependent Protein Kinase A (PKA) pathway, or phenocopied by inhibiting this pathway.	Adenosine	176-185	Protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic subunit 1	Drosophila melanogaster	235-238
23921184-3	2013	Caffeine, a nonselective competitive PDE inhibitor, due to its structural similarity to adenosine molecule maintains the cAMP level by occupying PDE enzymes such as PDE-3A inside the oocyte and PDE-4 and PDE-5 in the cumulus cells.	Adenosine	88-97	phosphodiesterase 3A	Canis lupus familiaris	165-171
24051088-2	2013	However, in this study we found that adenosine treatment results in cellular senescence in A549 lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo; adenosine induces cell cycle arrest and senescence in a p53/p21 dependent manner; adenosine elevates the level of phosphor-gammaH2AX, pCHK2 and pBRCA1, the markers for prolonged DNA damage response which are likely responsible for initiating the cellular senescence.	Adenosine	37-46	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	197-200
24051088-2	2013	However, in this study we found that adenosine treatment results in cellular senescence in A549 lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo; adenosine induces cell cycle arrest and senescence in a p53/p21 dependent manner; adenosine elevates the level of phosphor-gammaH2AX, pCHK2 and pBRCA1, the markers for prolonged DNA damage response which are likely responsible for initiating the cellular senescence.	Adenosine	141-150	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	197-200
24051088-2	2013	However, in this study we found that adenosine treatment results in cellular senescence in A549 lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo; adenosine induces cell cycle arrest and senescence in a p53/p21 dependent manner; adenosine elevates the level of phosphor-gammaH2AX, pCHK2 and pBRCA1, the markers for prolonged DNA damage response which are likely responsible for initiating the cellular senescence.	Adenosine	141-150	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	197-200
24061159-0	2013	Sensing of hydrophobic cavity of serum albumin by an adenosine analogue: fluorescence correlation and ensemble spectroscopic studies.	Adenosine	53-62	albumin	Homo sapiens	33-46
23897810-8	2013	The robust adenosine-generating capacity of neonates appears functionally relevant because supplementation with AMP inhibited whereas selective pharmacologic inhibition of 5"-NT enhanced Toll-like receptor-mediated TNF-alpha production in neonatal whole blood.	Adenosine	11-20	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	215-224
23778007-2	2013	The majority of missense mutations of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) domains found in PCS impair the binding activity of PRKAG2 to adenosine derivatives, and therefore lead to PRKAG2 function impairment and AMPK activity alteration, resulting in a familial syndrome of ventricular preexcitation, conduction defects, and cardiac hypertrophy.	Adenosine	134-143	cystathionine beta-synthase	Homo sapiens	38-65
23649227-6	2013	The elevated expression of AOX1 mRNA could be prevented by adding adenine and adenosine which simultaneously reduced the cytotoxic effects of BA and [9R]BA, respectively.	Adenosine	78-87	ubiquinol oxidase 1, mitochondrial	Nicotiana tabacum	27-31
23713028-4	2013	Adenosine release was both action potential and Ca2+ dependent and could be evoked with low stimulation frequencies and small numbers of stimuli.	Adenosine	0-9	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	48-51
23834776-0	2013	Antiadrenergic effect of adenosine involves connexin 43 turn-over in H9c2 cells.	Adenosine	25-34	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-55
23834776-4	2013	The aim of our study was to understand the involvement of Cx43 in the anti-adrenergic effect of adenosine on cardiomyocytes.	Adenosine	96-105	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-62
23834776-6	2013	Isoproterenol and adenosine co-treated H9c2 cells showed an increased amount of Cx43 phosphorylated on Ser368.	Adenosine	18-27	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-84
23817640-1	2013	Although the A1 adenosine receptor (A1 receptor), the main adenosine receptor type in cardiac muscle, is involved in powerful cardioprotective processes such as ischemic preconditioning, the atrial A1 receptor reserve has not yet been quantified for the direct negative inotropic effect of adenosine.	Adenosine	16-25	adenosine receptor A1	Cavia porcellus	36-47
23817640-7	2013	The corrected curves indicate a substantial A1 receptor reserve for the direct negative inotropy evoked by adenosine.	Adenosine	107-116	adenosine receptor A1	Cavia porcellus	44-55
23603835-8	2013	Subsequent studies in gene-targeted mice for Ent1 or Ent2 revealed a selective phenotype in Ent2(-/-) mice, including attenuated pulmonary edema and improved gas exchange during ALI in conjunction with elevated adenosine levels in the bronchoalveolar fluid.	Adenosine	211-220	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 2	Mus musculus	53-57
23590299-4	2013	After inflammatory in vitro experiments, we observed a repression of ENT1 and ENT2 that was associated with an attenuation of extracellular adenosine uptake.	Adenosine	140-149	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 2	Mus musculus	78-82
23681904-9	2013	MRS-1754 blocked the antagonism of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) in CIITA induction by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), alluding to a potential dialogue between TGF-beta and adenosine signaling pathways.	Adenosine	184-193	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	100-127
23603835-8	2013	Subsequent studies in gene-targeted mice for Ent1 or Ent2 revealed a selective phenotype in Ent2(-/-) mice, including attenuated pulmonary edema and improved gas exchange during ALI in conjunction with elevated adenosine levels in the bronchoalveolar fluid.	Adenosine	211-220	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 2	Mus musculus	92-96
24159377-9	2013	In conclusion, adenosine-induced increase in CF in isolated heart involves Nox2-generated superoxide, possibly through ERK 1/2 phosphorylation with subsequent p47-phox subunit phosphorylation.	Adenosine	15-24	NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47)	Mus musculus	159-162
23759508-15	2013	Because both cAMPs increase adenosine in the urinary compartment, these agents may provide unique therapeutic opportunities.	Adenosine	28-37	calmodulin 2, pseudogene 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-18
23504259-5	2013	Adenosine signaling suppresses the TLR-dependent expression of TNF-alpha, IL-12, IFN-gamma, and several other inflammatory cytokines by macrophages and induces the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and IL-10.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	63-72
23504259-5	2013	Adenosine signaling suppresses the TLR-dependent expression of TNF-alpha, IL-12, IFN-gamma, and several other inflammatory cytokines by macrophages and induces the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and IL-10.	Adenosine	0-9	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	81-90
23504259-5	2013	Adenosine signaling suppresses the TLR-dependent expression of TNF-alpha, IL-12, IFN-gamma, and several other inflammatory cytokines by macrophages and induces the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and IL-10.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	224-229
23957353-11	2013	High performance liquid chromatography analysis data indicated that CBR EtOAc fraction contained adenosine.	Adenosine	97-106	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	68-71
23882224-7	2013	Adenosine in low concentrations strongly enhances the response to angiotensin II.	Adenosine	0-9	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	66-80
23770229-9	2013	The involvement of adenosine signaling in the anti-inflammation effect of ABT-702 was supported by the TNF-alpha release blocking effect of A2AAR antagonist in AGA-treated microglial cells.	Adenosine	19-28	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	103-112
23789857-6	2013	Thus, rational design methods based on A3AR homology models successfully predicted sites for sulfonate incorporation, for delineating adenosine"s CNS vs peripheral actions.	Adenosine	134-143	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	39-43
23882224-8	2013	At the same time, angiotensin II in physiological concentrations increases significantly the contractile response to adenosine.	Adenosine	117-126	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	18-32
23583908-6	2013	The resulting aptasensor showed a linear response to the increase of the adenosine concentration in the range of 0-2 muM with a linear correlation of r=0.99148 and a detection limit of 65 nM.	Adenosine	73-82	latexin	Homo sapiens	117-120
23801984-0	2013	Adenosine inhibits the excitatory synaptic inputs to Basal forebrain cholinergic, GABAergic, and parvalbumin neurons in mice.	Adenosine	0-9	parvalbumin	Mus musculus	97-108
23631812-3	2013	We show in the present study that TXNIP expression is also activated by AICAR (5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribofuranoside) and adenosine.	Adenosine	130-139	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	34-39
23631812-4	2013	Using pharmacological inhibitors and genetic knockdowns of purine metabolic enzymes, we establish that TXNIP induction by AICAR and adenosine requires their cellular uptake and metabolism to adenine nucleotides.	Adenosine	132-141	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	103-108
23825434-0	2013	Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase acts redundantly with PAP and NT5E to generate adenosine in the dorsal spinal cord.	Adenosine	87-96	acid phosphatase, prostate	Mus musculus	62-65
23825434-1	2013	Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E) hydrolyze extracellular AMP to adenosine in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and in the dorsal spinal cord.	Adenosine	96-105	acid phosphatase, prostate	Mus musculus	0-26
23825434-1	2013	Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E) hydrolyze extracellular AMP to adenosine in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and in the dorsal spinal cord.	Adenosine	96-105	acid phosphatase, prostate	Mus musculus	28-31
23647065-12	2013	CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: A(2A)R activation inhibits OC differentiation and regulates bone turnover via PKA-dependent inhibition of NFkappaB nuclear translocation, suggesting a mechanism by which adenosine could target bone destruction in inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.	Adenosine	200-209	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	136-144
23752332-3	2013	CFTR is an asymmetric adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette protein in which the two interfacial-binding sites (composite sites 1 and 2) are functionally different.	Adenosine	22-31	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
23812746-2	2013	Based on studies showing a critical role for adenosine signaling in mediating tissue adaptation during hypoxia, we hypothesized that signaling events through adenosine receptors (ADORA1, ADORA2A, ADORA2B, or ADORA3) attenuates hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	208-214
23825434-2	2013	Previously, we found that adenosine production was reduced, but not eliminated, in Pap-/-/Nt5e-/- double knock-out (dKO) mice, suggesting that a third AMP ectonucleotidase was present in these tissues.	Adenosine	26-35	acid phosphatase, prostate	Mus musculus	83-86
23825434-9	2013	These data suggest that triple elimination of TNAP, PAP, and NT5E is required to block AMP hydrolysis to adenosine in DRG neurons and dorsal spinal cord.	Adenosine	105-114	acid phosphatase, prostate	Mus musculus	52-55
24005375-1	2013	BACKGROUND: The role of the adenosine (ADO) suppression pathway, specifically CD39-expressing and CD73-expressing CD4+ T cells in HIV-1 infection is unclear.	Adenosine	28-37	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	114-117
23540714-5	2013	In this article, we discuss advances in the understanding of adenosine-elicited cardioprotection with particular emphasis on ADORA2B, its downstream targets, and the implications for novel strategies to prevent or treat myocardial ischemia.	Adenosine	61-70	adenosine A2b receptor	Homo sapiens	125-132
23088763-1	2013	MDR1 encodes an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent efflux transporter that protects the body from environmental xenobiotics to maintain optimal health.	Adenosine	16-25	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
23643286-8	2013	Patients with CRP >3 mg/l had more severe impairment of CFR (2.14 +- 0.33 vs. 3.16 +- 0.76; p = 0.001) and more ischemic electrocardiographic changes during adenosine administration than patients with lower CRP, and a negative correlation between CRP levels and CFR (r = -0.49, p = 0.02) was found in CSX patients.	Adenosine	160-169	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	14-17
23192278-5	2013	The highest concentration of adenosine was evoked in the dorsal caudate-putamen (0.34 +- 0.08 muM), while the lowest concentration was in the secondary motor cortex (0.06 +- 0.02 muM).	Adenosine	29-38	latexin	Homo sapiens	94-97
23356994-3	2013	In this system, ATP induces the aggregation of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-capped AuNPs and ALP stimulates the disaggregation of AuNPs by converting ATP into adenosine through an enzymatic dephosphorylation reaction.	Adenosine	168-177	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	102-105
23584256-4	2013	METHODS AND RESULTS: Using high-throughput quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction profiling, we discovered that the expression level of 5"-ectonucleotidase (CD73), a key enzyme that produces extracellular adenosine, was significantly increased in the kidneys of angiotensin II-infused mice, an animal model of hypertensive nephropathy.	Adenosine	227-236	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	284-298
23584256-7	2013	These findings led us to further discover that elevated renal CD73 contributes to excess adenosine signaling via ADORA2B activation that directly stimulates endothelin-1 production in a hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha-dependent manner and underlies the pathogenesis of the disease.	Adenosine	89-98	adenosine A2b receptor	Homo sapiens	113-120
23584256-7	2013	These findings led us to further discover that elevated renal CD73 contributes to excess adenosine signaling via ADORA2B activation that directly stimulates endothelin-1 production in a hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha-dependent manner and underlies the pathogenesis of the disease.	Adenosine	89-98	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	157-169
23584256-9	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our studies reveal that angiotensin II-induced renal CD73 promotes the production of renal adenosine that is a prominent driver of hypertensive CKD by enhanced ADORA2B signaling-mediated endothelin-1 induction in a hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha-dependent manner.	Adenosine	113-122	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	46-60
23584256-9	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our studies reveal that angiotensin II-induced renal CD73 promotes the production of renal adenosine that is a prominent driver of hypertensive CKD by enhanced ADORA2B signaling-mediated endothelin-1 induction in a hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha-dependent manner.	Adenosine	113-122	adenosine A2b receptor	Homo sapiens	182-189
23584256-9	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our studies reveal that angiotensin II-induced renal CD73 promotes the production of renal adenosine that is a prominent driver of hypertensive CKD by enhanced ADORA2B signaling-mediated endothelin-1 induction in a hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha-dependent manner.	Adenosine	113-122	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	209-221
23584256-10	2013	The inhibition of excess adenosine-mediated ADORA2B signaling represents a novel therapeutic target for the disease.	Adenosine	25-34	adenosine A2b receptor	Homo sapiens	44-51
23664374-1	2013	In this issue of Molecular Cell,Long and Crighton (2013) report a cell death priming mechanism activated by p53 that senses extracellular adenosine accumulated following chemotherapy or hypoxia, providing a novel connection between adenosine signaling and apoptosis.	Adenosine	138-147	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	108-111
23525711-8	2013	Catalase, an enzyme that breaks down H(2)O(2), attenuated adenosine-induced coronary vasodilation, reducing the percent increase in flow from 284 +- 53 to 89 +- 13% (P < 0.05).	Adenosine	58-67	catalase	Mus musculus	0-8
23664374-1	2013	In this issue of Molecular Cell,Long and Crighton (2013) report a cell death priming mechanism activated by p53 that senses extracellular adenosine accumulated following chemotherapy or hypoxia, providing a novel connection between adenosine signaling and apoptosis.	Adenosine	232-241	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	108-111
23379641-3	2013	In this study we tested the hypothesis that the delayed onset, PKCepsilon-mediated, component of PGE2 hyperalgesia is generated by the active release of a nucleotide from the peripheral terminal of the primed nociceptor and this nucleotide is then metabolized to produce adenosine, which acts on a Gi-coupled A1 adenosine receptor on the nociceptor to generate PKCepsilon-dependent hyperalgesia.	Adenosine	271-280	protein kinase C, epsilon	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
23454167-2	2013	Here we investigated the involvement of NAD(+) and/or its metabolites, adenosine and nicotinamide, in the rescue of PARP-mediated astrocyte death by NAD(+) and explored the pathway through which intact NAD(+) could enter cells.	Adenosine	71-80	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	116-120
23578255-1	2013	BACKGROUND: The human APOBEC3G (A3G) protein activity is associated with innate immunity against HIV-1 by inducing high rates of guanosines to adenosines (G-to-A) mutations (viz., hypermutation) in the viral DNA.	Adenosine	143-153	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G	Homo sapiens	22-30
23592612-4	2013	By regulating adenosine, ADK can thus be identified as an upstream regulator of complex homeostatic and metabolic networks.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	25-28
23578255-1	2013	BACKGROUND: The human APOBEC3G (A3G) protein activity is associated with innate immunity against HIV-1 by inducing high rates of guanosines to adenosines (G-to-A) mutations (viz., hypermutation) in the viral DNA.	Adenosine	143-153	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G	Homo sapiens	32-35
23345014-10	2013	The results of this study suggest that extracellular adenosine induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells via cyclinD1/ Cdk4 and Bcl-2/Bax pathways and caspase-3 activation.	Adenosine	53-62	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	159-162
22751118-4	2013	CD39 ectonucleotidase is the rate-limiting enzyme of a cascade leading to the generation of suppressive adenosine that alters CD4 and CD8 T cell and natural killer cell antitumor activities.	Adenosine	104-113	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	126-129
23328492-9	2013	Adenosine acting at A3 receptors can attenuate the rise in calcium and retinal ganglion cells death accompanying P2X(7) receptor activation.	Adenosine	0-9	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	113-128
23433670-7	2013	This discovery reveals a simple strategy to engineer selectivity and potency towards DOT1L into the adenosine scaffold of the cofactor shared by all methyltransferases, and can be exploited towards the development of clinical candidates against mixed lineage leukemia.	Adenosine	100-109	DOT1 like histone lysine methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	85-90
23345014-0	2013	Adenosine induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via cyclinD1/Cdk4 and Bcl-2/Bax pathways in human ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3.	Adenosine	0-9	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	72-77
23830401-7	2013	The study included the evaluation of the expression of TNF-alpha (a pro-inflammatory cytokine) and of an alternative pathway of adenosine generation run by CD38 (ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase) and PC-1 (ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1, ENPP1).	Adenosine	128-137	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	273-278
23345014-0	2013	Adenosine induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via cyclinD1/Cdk4 and Bcl-2/Bax pathways in human ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3.	Adenosine	0-9	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	78-81
23345014-2	2013	Adenosine has been shown to inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in the several cancer cells via caspase activation and Bcl-2/Bax pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	124-129
23345014-2	2013	Adenosine has been shown to inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in the several cancer cells via caspase activation and Bcl-2/Bax pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	130-133
23345014-9	2013	Moreover, down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein expression, up-regulation of Bax protein expression and activation of caspase-3 were observed in response to adenosine treatment.	Adenosine	152-161	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	29-34
23345014-9	2013	Moreover, down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein expression, up-regulation of Bax protein expression and activation of caspase-3 were observed in response to adenosine treatment.	Adenosine	152-161	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	72-75
23345014-9	2013	Moreover, down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein expression, up-regulation of Bax protein expression and activation of caspase-3 were observed in response to adenosine treatment.	Adenosine	152-161	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	113-122
23345014-10	2013	The results of this study suggest that extracellular adenosine induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells via cyclinD1/ Cdk4 and Bcl-2/Bax pathways and caspase-3 activation.	Adenosine	53-62	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	176-185
23345014-10	2013	The results of this study suggest that extracellular adenosine induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells via cyclinD1/ Cdk4 and Bcl-2/Bax pathways and caspase-3 activation.	Adenosine	53-62	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	153-158
22944024-7	2013	If the adenosine is binding with DNA1, it will make the DNA1 in the closed state with a close-packed tight structure, which forbids the DNA2 approaching.	Adenosine	7-16	DNA replication helicase/nuclease 2	Homo sapiens	136-140
23221044-6	2013	Using selective agonists to activate the receptors in the presence and absence of selective receptor antagonists, we found that adenosine activated the signaling pathway A1R EGFR/PDGFR COX-2 EP3 VGCCs calcium-induced calcium release, leading to intracellular Ca(2+) oscillations in airway smooth muscle cells and airway constriction.	Adenosine	128-137	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	174-178
23460239-3	2013	Additionally, adenosine and its multiple receptors have been connected to lipid metabolism by augmenting insulin-mediated inhibition of lipolysis, and the subsequent increase in free fatty acids and glycerol levels.	Adenosine	14-23	insulin	Homo sapiens	105-112
23221044-6	2013	Using selective agonists to activate the receptors in the presence and absence of selective receptor antagonists, we found that adenosine activated the signaling pathway A1R EGFR/PDGFR COX-2 EP3 VGCCs calcium-induced calcium release, leading to intracellular Ca(2+) oscillations in airway smooth muscle cells and airway constriction.	Adenosine	128-137	platelet derived growth factor receptor beta	Homo sapiens	179-184
23263788-4	2013	Adenosine is a signaling molecule that functions through the activation of four distinct adenosine receptors--the ADORA1, ADORA2A, ADORA2B, and ADORA3 receptors.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2b receptor	Homo sapiens	131-138
23388525-5	2013	The present study demonstrates that adenosine analog N-ethylcarboxyamidoadenosine (NECA) down-regulates TNF-alpha production and up-regulates IL-8 production by LPS-stimulated porcine monocytes.	Adenosine	36-45	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	104-113
23388525-5	2013	The present study demonstrates that adenosine analog N-ethylcarboxyamidoadenosine (NECA) down-regulates TNF-alpha production and up-regulates IL-8 production by LPS-stimulated porcine monocytes.	Adenosine	36-45	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	142-146
23263788-4	2013	Adenosine is a signaling molecule that functions through the activation of four distinct adenosine receptors--the ADORA1, ADORA2A, ADORA2B, and ADORA3 receptors.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	144-150
23263788-6	2013	HIF1A-elicited alterations in gene expression enhance the enzymatic capacity within inflamed tissues to produce extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	126-135	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	0-5
23275297-3	2013	In this study, whole-transcriptome sequencing of normal, chronic phase, and serially transplantable blast crisis chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) progenitors revealed increased IFN-gamma pathway gene expression in concert with BCR-ABL amplification, enhanced expression of the IFN-responsive ADAR1 p150 isoform, and a propensity for increased adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing during CML progression.	Adenosine	341-350	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	175-184
23266380-4	2013	The adenosine analogue N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA, 0.3-3 muM) increased interleukin-8 production about 5-fold above baseline.	Adenosine	4-13	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	79-92
23147119-6	2013	These results indicate that ENT1-expressing type II and III taste cells might comprise an adenosine clearance system in taste buds of the CP.	Adenosine	90-99	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
23275297-3	2013	In this study, whole-transcriptome sequencing of normal, chronic phase, and serially transplantable blast crisis chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) progenitors revealed increased IFN-gamma pathway gene expression in concert with BCR-ABL amplification, enhanced expression of the IFN-responsive ADAR1 p150 isoform, and a propensity for increased adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing during CML progression.	Adenosine	341-350	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	175-178
23199317-5	2013	Recent data have shown that CD73 expression and adenosine generation are up-regulated by transforming growth factor-beta, depending on the cytokine content of the local microenvironment.	Adenosine	48-57	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	89-120
23152114-11	2013	Our data suggest that adenosine-induced relaxation in sEH(-/-) may depend on the upregulation of A(2A) AR, CYP2J, and PPARgamma, and the downregulation of A(1) AR and PPARalpha.	Adenosine	22-31	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	167-176
24183218-1	2013	According to the hypothesis on the stimulating effect of adenosine on increasing fibroblast growth factor 7 in dermal papilla cells and its vasorelaxant effect, we performed this study to compare the effect of topical minoxidil 5% and adenosine 0.75% on male pattern androgenetic alopecia.	Adenosine	57-66	fibroblast growth factor 7	Homo sapiens	81-107
23225885-9	2013	CVT-6883 and genetic deletion of A(2B)AR significantly reduced adenosine-mediated IL-6 production.	Adenosine	63-72	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	82-86
23931823-3	2013	The gene for NF1 was cloned on chromosome 17q11.2 and neurofibromin, the NF1 protein, controls cell growth and proliferation by regulating the proto-oncogene Ras and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP).	Adenosine	173-182	neurofibromin 1	Homo sapiens	13-16
23931823-3	2013	The gene for NF1 was cloned on chromosome 17q11.2 and neurofibromin, the NF1 protein, controls cell growth and proliferation by regulating the proto-oncogene Ras and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP).	Adenosine	173-182	neurofibromin 1	Homo sapiens	54-67
23931823-3	2013	The gene for NF1 was cloned on chromosome 17q11.2 and neurofibromin, the NF1 protein, controls cell growth and proliferation by regulating the proto-oncogene Ras and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP).	Adenosine	173-182	neurofibromin 1	Homo sapiens	73-76
22985657-9	2013	Moreover, at high concentrations of adenosine (10-100 muM), termination of tachypacing or atrial flutter/fibrillation produced atrial pauses of 4.2 +- 3.4 seconds (n = 5) owing to conduction block between the SAN and the atria, despite a stable SAN intrinsic rate.	Adenosine	36-45	latexin	Homo sapiens	54-57
23887028-0	2013	Adenosine effects on renal function in the rat: role of sodium intake and cytochrome P450.	Adenosine	0-9	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-89
24352507-5	2013	In the setting of the lack of IL-1beta responses after previous exposure to LPS, adenosine can supersede this tolerogenic state and drive IL-1beta production.	Adenosine	81-90	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	138-146
24352507-0	2013	Adenosine is required for sustained inflammasome activation via the A2A receptor and the HIF-1alpha pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	89-99
24352507-4	2013	Adenosine does not replace signals provided by stimuli such as LPS or ATP but sustains inflammasome activity via a cAMP/PKA/CREB/HIF-1alpha pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	129-139
23326515-8	2013	Our results provide methodologically independent support for a key role for induction of iNOS as a trigger for enhanced adenosine release following sleep deprivation and suggest that this induction may constitute a biochemical memory of this state.	Adenosine	120-129	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	89-93
23057965-2	2012	The release of extracellular adenosine is also triggered and is accompanied by an increase of the stress mediator, corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF).	Adenosine	29-38	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	115-146
23658513-0	2013	Regulatory T cells negatively affect IL-2 production of effector T cells through CD39/adenosine pathway in HIV infection.	Adenosine	86-95	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	37-41
23237743-6	2013	Furthermore, combined PGE and adenosine treatment significantly suppressed the production of IFN-gamma and IL-17 via EP4 and A receptors.	Adenosine	30-39	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	93-102
23086814-5	2012	EGFR expression can be decreased by suppressing CD73 with an inhibitor or small shRNA, and this effect was reversed by adenosine and NECA (adenosine A2 receptor agonist), which suggested that adenosine is involved in EGFR expression regulated by CD73 (P < 0.01).	Adenosine	119-128	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	0-4
22890589-5	2012	Children with detectable (above 0.1 muM) adenosine plasma levels (n = 30; BMI, 22.3 +- 0.7) had higher total cholesterol (P < 0.05); triglycerides (P < 0.01) and LDL-cholesterol (P < 0.05) concentrations than children with undetectable adenosine levels (n = 21; BMI, 23.9 +- 0.61).	Adenosine	41-50	latexin	Homo sapiens	36-39
22744860-6	2012	This sustained adenosine exposure decreased EC barrier function, elevated cellular reactive oxygen species levels, and activated p38, JNK, and RhoA.	Adenosine	15-24	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	129-132
22744860-6	2012	This sustained adenosine exposure decreased EC barrier function, elevated cellular reactive oxygen species levels, and activated p38, JNK, and RhoA.	Adenosine	15-24	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	134-137
22744860-6	2012	This sustained adenosine exposure decreased EC barrier function, elevated cellular reactive oxygen species levels, and activated p38, JNK, and RhoA.	Adenosine	15-24	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	143-147
22744860-7	2012	Inhibition of equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) prevented sustained adenosine-induced p38 and JNK activation and EC barrier dysfunction.	Adenosine	79-88	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	97-100
22744860-7	2012	Inhibition of equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) prevented sustained adenosine-induced p38 and JNK activation and EC barrier dysfunction.	Adenosine	79-88	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	105-108
22744860-8	2012	Inhibition of p38, JNK, or RhoA also partially attenuated sustained adenosine-induced EC barrier dysfunction.	Adenosine	68-77	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	14-17
22744860-8	2012	Inhibition of p38, JNK, or RhoA also partially attenuated sustained adenosine-induced EC barrier dysfunction.	Adenosine	68-77	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	19-22
22744860-8	2012	Inhibition of p38, JNK, or RhoA also partially attenuated sustained adenosine-induced EC barrier dysfunction.	Adenosine	68-77	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	27-31
22744860-9	2012	These data indicate that sustained adenosine exposure causes lung EC barrier dysfunction via ENT-dependent intracellular adenosine uptake and subsequent activation of p38, JNK, and RhoA.	Adenosine	35-44	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	167-170
22744860-9	2012	These data indicate that sustained adenosine exposure causes lung EC barrier dysfunction via ENT-dependent intracellular adenosine uptake and subsequent activation of p38, JNK, and RhoA.	Adenosine	35-44	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	172-175
22744860-9	2012	These data indicate that sustained adenosine exposure causes lung EC barrier dysfunction via ENT-dependent intracellular adenosine uptake and subsequent activation of p38, JNK, and RhoA.	Adenosine	35-44	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	181-185
22744860-10	2012	The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine and the NADPH inhibitor partially blunted sustained adenosine-induced JNK activation but were ineffective in attenuation of p38 activation or barrier dysfunction.	Adenosine	85-94	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	103-106
22744860-11	2012	p38 was activated exclusively in mitochondria, whereas JNK was activated in mitochondria and cytoplasm by sustained adenosine exposure.	Adenosine	116-125	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	55-58
22744860-12	2012	Our data further suggest that sustained adenosine exposure may cause mitochondrial oxidative stress, leading to activation of p38, JNK, and RhoA in mitochondria and resulting in EC barrier dysfunction.	Adenosine	40-49	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	126-129
22744860-12	2012	Our data further suggest that sustained adenosine exposure may cause mitochondrial oxidative stress, leading to activation of p38, JNK, and RhoA in mitochondria and resulting in EC barrier dysfunction.	Adenosine	40-49	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	131-134
22744860-12	2012	Our data further suggest that sustained adenosine exposure may cause mitochondrial oxidative stress, leading to activation of p38, JNK, and RhoA in mitochondria and resulting in EC barrier dysfunction.	Adenosine	40-49	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	140-144
22867902-6	2012	The non-selective adenosine agonist 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) increased NO, by activating, predominantly, A(1)AR and A(2A)AR through a molecular pathway involving hypoxia-inducible-factor-1 (HIF-1alpha), and increased VEGF, mainly through A(2B).	Adenosine	18-27	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	203-213
22867902-6	2012	The non-selective adenosine agonist 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) increased NO, by activating, predominantly, A(1)AR and A(2A)AR through a molecular pathway involving hypoxia-inducible-factor-1 (HIF-1alpha), and increased VEGF, mainly through A(2B).	Adenosine	18-27	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	230-234
23097357-0	2012	Protein kinase a mediated anti-inflammatory effects exerted by adenosine treatment in mouse chondrocytes stimulated with IL-1beta.	Adenosine	63-72	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	121-129
23097357-5	2012	In this study the effect of ADO treatment in normal murine chondrocytes stimulated with interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) was investigated.	Adenosine	28-31	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	88-105
23097357-5	2012	In this study the effect of ADO treatment in normal murine chondrocytes stimulated with interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) was investigated.	Adenosine	28-31	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	107-115
23086814-5	2012	EGFR expression can be decreased by suppressing CD73 with an inhibitor or small shRNA, and this effect was reversed by adenosine and NECA (adenosine A2 receptor agonist), which suggested that adenosine is involved in EGFR expression regulated by CD73 (P < 0.01).	Adenosine	119-128	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	217-221
23086814-5	2012	EGFR expression can be decreased by suppressing CD73 with an inhibitor or small shRNA, and this effect was reversed by adenosine and NECA (adenosine A2 receptor agonist), which suggested that adenosine is involved in EGFR expression regulated by CD73 (P < 0.01).	Adenosine	139-148	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	0-4
23086814-5	2012	EGFR expression can be decreased by suppressing CD73 with an inhibitor or small shRNA, and this effect was reversed by adenosine and NECA (adenosine A2 receptor agonist), which suggested that adenosine is involved in EGFR expression regulated by CD73 (P < 0.01).	Adenosine	139-148	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	217-221
22859272-10	2012	Western blot analysis confirmed that the expression of GRP78, cleaved caspase-4,             CHOP, NF-kappaB p65 and cleaved caspase-3 were upregulated in a dose-dependent manner             after adenosine treatment.	Adenosine	197-206	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	55-60
23028059-9	2012	In total, these data demonstrate a critical role of adenosine signaling in constraining neutrophil-dependent production of TNF-alpha and implicate therapies targeting TNF-alpha in the treatment of ischemic AKI.	Adenosine	52-61	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	123-132
23028059-9	2012	In total, these data demonstrate a critical role of adenosine signaling in constraining neutrophil-dependent production of TNF-alpha and implicate therapies targeting TNF-alpha in the treatment of ischemic AKI.	Adenosine	52-61	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	167-176
23035103-10	2012	These findings indicate that amygdala-based anterograde amnesia after hypoxia/reoxygenation is sustained by IL-1beta generated through adenosine-dependent activation of caspase 1 after reoxygenation.	Adenosine	135-144	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	108-116
22811040-7	2012	As a proof of the principle, a sensor that bound the enzyme thrombin, an analyte with a strong binding, was first constructed and then reconfigured to bind adenosine, selected as an analyte with a weak binding.	Adenosine	156-165	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	60-68
22859272-10	2012	Western blot analysis confirmed that the expression of GRP78, cleaved caspase-4,             CHOP, NF-kappaB p65 and cleaved caspase-3 were upregulated in a dose-dependent manner             after adenosine treatment.	Adenosine	197-206	caspase 4	Homo sapiens	70-79
22859272-10	2012	Western blot analysis confirmed that the expression of GRP78, cleaved caspase-4,             CHOP, NF-kappaB p65 and cleaved caspase-3 were upregulated in a dose-dependent manner             after adenosine treatment.	Adenosine	197-206	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	93-97
22859272-10	2012	Western blot analysis confirmed that the expression of GRP78, cleaved caspase-4,             CHOP, NF-kappaB p65 and cleaved caspase-3 were upregulated in a dose-dependent manner             after adenosine treatment.	Adenosine	197-206	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	99-108
22859272-11	2012	EMSA revealed that adenosine activated NF-kappaB p65.	Adenosine	19-28	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	39-48
22859272-12	2012	This             is the first demonstration that adenosine inhibits cell proliferation, increases             GRP78 and NF-kappaB p65 expression and induces apoptosis by CHOP and caspase-4 pathways.	Adenosine	49-58	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	110-115
22859272-12	2012	This             is the first demonstration that adenosine inhibits cell proliferation, increases             GRP78 and NF-kappaB p65 expression and induces apoptosis by CHOP and caspase-4 pathways.	Adenosine	49-58	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	120-129
22859272-12	2012	This             is the first demonstration that adenosine inhibits cell proliferation, increases             GRP78 and NF-kappaB p65 expression and induces apoptosis by CHOP and caspase-4 pathways.	Adenosine	49-58	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	170-174
22859272-12	2012	This             is the first demonstration that adenosine inhibits cell proliferation, increases             GRP78 and NF-kappaB p65 expression and induces apoptosis by CHOP and caspase-4 pathways.	Adenosine	49-58	caspase 4	Homo sapiens	179-188
22874421-2	2012	ANG II increases blood pressure and RVR, and it stimulates adenosine release in the kidney.	Adenosine	59-68	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	0-6
23302571-21	2012	The ET-1 level in rats treated with adenosine, CPA or NCEA respectively were lower than that in chronic hypoxia rats (P < 0.05).	Adenosine	36-45	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
22924785-0	2012	Synthesis and structure-activity relationship investigation of adenosine-containing inhibitors of histone methyltransferase DOT1L.	Adenosine	63-72	DOT1 like histone lysine methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	124-129
22924785-2	2012	A total of 55 adenosine-containing compounds were designed and synthesized, among which several potent DOT1L inhibitors were identified with K(i) values as low as 0.5 nM.	Adenosine	14-23	DOT1 like histone lysine methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	103-108
22894546-5	2012	The sensor exhibits a detection limit of 60 muM adenosine while marinating excellent selectivity that is comparable to those in buffer.	Adenosine	48-57	latexin	Homo sapiens	44-47
22048123-3	2012	In the present work, we describe regulation of the processing of APP via the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) receptor P2X7R.	Adenosine	77-86	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	115-120
22772752-8	2012	In sum, adenosine signaling is influenced by tissue inflammation and injury through induction of receptors and enzymes and has generally inhibitory effects on lymphocyte migration into inflamed tissues due to protein kinase A-mediated effects on adhesion molecules, interferon gamma production, and endothelial barrier function.	Adenosine	8-17	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	266-282
22700220-1	2012	Extracellular levels of the brain"s endogenous anticonvulsant and neuroprotectant adenosine largely depend on an astrocyte-based adenosine cycle, comprised of ATP release, rapid degradation of ATP into adenosine, and metabolic reuptake of adenosine through equilibrative nucleoside transporters and phosphorylation by adenosine kinase (ADK).	Adenosine	82-91	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	336-339
22700220-1	2012	Extracellular levels of the brain"s endogenous anticonvulsant and neuroprotectant adenosine largely depend on an astrocyte-based adenosine cycle, comprised of ATP release, rapid degradation of ATP into adenosine, and metabolic reuptake of adenosine through equilibrative nucleoside transporters and phosphorylation by adenosine kinase (ADK).	Adenosine	129-138	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	336-339
22700220-1	2012	Extracellular levels of the brain"s endogenous anticonvulsant and neuroprotectant adenosine largely depend on an astrocyte-based adenosine cycle, comprised of ATP release, rapid degradation of ATP into adenosine, and metabolic reuptake of adenosine through equilibrative nucleoside transporters and phosphorylation by adenosine kinase (ADK).	Adenosine	129-138	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	336-339
22700220-1	2012	Extracellular levels of the brain"s endogenous anticonvulsant and neuroprotectant adenosine largely depend on an astrocyte-based adenosine cycle, comprised of ATP release, rapid degradation of ATP into adenosine, and metabolic reuptake of adenosine through equilibrative nucleoside transporters and phosphorylation by adenosine kinase (ADK).	Adenosine	129-138	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	336-339
22700220-2	2012	Changes in ADK expression and activity therefore rapidly translate into changes of extracellular adenosine, which exerts its potent anticonvulsive and neuroprotective effects by activation of pre- and postsynaptic adenosine A(1) receptors.	Adenosine	97-106	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	11-14
22634345-8	2012	In normal erythrocytes, both genetic and pharmacological studies demonstrate that adenosine can enhance 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) production via A(2B) receptor (ADORA2B) activation, suggesting that elevated adenosine has an unrecognized role in normal erythrocytes to promote O(2) release and prevent acute ischemic tissue injury.	Adenosine	82-91	adenosine A2b receptor	Homo sapiens	169-176
22585562-1	2012	Human CD4(+) CD39(+)  regulatory T (Treg) cells hydrolyze exogenous adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and participate in immunosuppressive adenosine production.	Adenosine	68-77	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	6-9
22934258-9	2012	However, ADA activity in patients" CD4(+)CD39(neg) Teff was decreased (p < 0.05), resulting in extracellular adenosine accumulation.	Adenosine	112-121	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	35-38
23122642-4	2012	Based on the similarities of GACI, PXE, CALJA, and IBGC, it can be speculated that the underlying disease genes-ENPP1, ABCC6, NT5E, and SLC20A2, respectively-drive a cohesive molecular pathophysiology system modulated by ATP metabolism, inorganic pyrophosphate, adenosine, and inorganic phosphate generation and functional activities.	Adenosine	262-271	Basal ganglia calcification, idiopathic (Fahr disease)	Homo sapiens	51-55
23122642-4	2012	Based on the similarities of GACI, PXE, CALJA, and IBGC, it can be speculated that the underlying disease genes-ENPP1, ABCC6, NT5E, and SLC20A2, respectively-drive a cohesive molecular pathophysiology system modulated by ATP metabolism, inorganic pyrophosphate, adenosine, and inorganic phosphate generation and functional activities.	Adenosine	262-271	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	112-117
23122642-4	2012	Based on the similarities of GACI, PXE, CALJA, and IBGC, it can be speculated that the underlying disease genes-ENPP1, ABCC6, NT5E, and SLC20A2, respectively-drive a cohesive molecular pathophysiology system modulated by ATP metabolism, inorganic pyrophosphate, adenosine, and inorganic phosphate generation and functional activities.	Adenosine	262-271	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 6	Homo sapiens	119-124
22844810-3	2012	PGD2 stimulates DP1 receptors and increases the local extracellular concentration of adenosine in the basal forebrain as a paracrine sleep-promoting molecule.	Adenosine	85-94	prostaglandin D2 synthase	Homo sapiens	0-4
22521247-10	2012	3M-002 induced robust TLR pathway transcriptome activation and T(H)1-polarizing cytokine production in neonatal and adult monocytes and MoDCs, signaling through TLR8 in an adenosine/cyclic AMP-refractory manner.	Adenosine	172-181	toll like receptor 8	Homo sapiens	161-165
22521247-13	2012	CONCLUSIONS: IMQ TLR8 agonists engage adenosine-refractory TLR8 and inflammasome pathways to induce robust monocyte and MoDC activation and represent promising neonatal adjuvants.	Adenosine	38-47	toll like receptor 8	Homo sapiens	17-21
22521247-13	2012	CONCLUSIONS: IMQ TLR8 agonists engage adenosine-refractory TLR8 and inflammasome pathways to induce robust monocyte and MoDC activation and represent promising neonatal adjuvants.	Adenosine	38-47	toll like receptor 8	Homo sapiens	59-63
22484620-6	2012	The PP1 and PP2A inhibitors, cantharidin (5mumol/l) or okadaic acid (0.1mumol/l), added 10min prior to ADO prevent ADO-induced inhibition of glycolysis and AMPK, as well as ADO-induced cardioprotection.	Adenosine	103-106	neuropeptide Y receptor Y4	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
22652658-6	2012	Finally, Hcy in combination with Ade reduced the mRNA levels of VEGF, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and attenuated protein levels of VEGF, ERK1/2 and Akt.	Adenosine	33-36	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Danio rerio	127-133
22524543-5	2012	PAP is an ectonucleotidase that dephosphorylates extracellular AMP to adenosine, has a long half-life in vivo and is endogenously found in muscle tissue surrounding acupuncture points.	Adenosine	70-79	acid phosphatase, prostate	Mus musculus	0-3
22119961-11	2012	Adenosine and NECA stimulated a twofold increase in chromogranin A secretion in BON-1 cells.	Adenosine	0-9	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	52-66
22800902-11	2012	In a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, A beta under adenosine stress < 1.74 dB/s had a sensitivity and specificity of 71% for diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis, reduced adenosine-induced rise (percentage of A beta < 81%) had a sensitivity and specificity of 83% and 79% for the diagnosis of low-reserve, and beta < 54% had a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 79%.	Adenosine	74-83	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	61-67
22800902-11	2012	In a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, A beta under adenosine stress < 1.74 dB/s had a sensitivity and specificity of 71% for diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis, reduced adenosine-induced rise (percentage of A beta < 81%) had a sensitivity and specificity of 83% and 79% for the diagnosis of low-reserve, and beta < 54% had a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 79%.	Adenosine	74-83	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	236-242
22800902-11	2012	In a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, A beta under adenosine stress < 1.74 dB/s had a sensitivity and specificity of 71% for diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis, reduced adenosine-induced rise (percentage of A beta < 81%) had a sensitivity and specificity of 83% and 79% for the diagnosis of low-reserve, and beta < 54% had a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 79%.	Adenosine	198-207	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	61-67
22800902-11	2012	In a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, A beta under adenosine stress < 1.74 dB/s had a sensitivity and specificity of 71% for diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis, reduced adenosine-induced rise (percentage of A beta < 81%) had a sensitivity and specificity of 83% and 79% for the diagnosis of low-reserve, and beta < 54% had a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 79%.	Adenosine	198-207	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	236-242
22079877-12	2012	Both adenosine and lidocaine alone and adenocaine comparably inhibited platelet activating factor-induced CD11 b/c surface expression on PMNs (flow cytometry), but adenocaine further suppressed both CD18 expression (to 47.4% +- 9.7%) and PMN adherence (to 47.2% +- 4.3%) compared with adenosine and lidocaine alone.	Adenosine	5-14	integrin subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	199-203
22311477-7	2012	Finally, immunoprecipitation analysis showed that blockade of A(1)R resulted in disruption of the association of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a signaling event that is important for activation of NF-kappaB and JNK, suggesting the participation of adenosine/A(1)R in early signaling of RANKL.	Adenosine	340-349	TNF receptor-associated factor 6	Mus musculus	113-163
22311477-7	2012	Finally, immunoprecipitation analysis showed that blockade of A(1)R resulted in disruption of the association of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a signaling event that is important for activation of NF-kappaB and JNK, suggesting the participation of adenosine/A(1)R in early signaling of RANKL.	Adenosine	340-349	TNF receptor-associated factor 6	Mus musculus	165-170
22213163-4	2012	Adenosine reduced expression of Bcl-X(L) mRNA and protein but otherwise increased expression of the Bid mRNA and protein in HepG2 cells, and those effects were also prevented by knocking-down A(2a) adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	0-9	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	32-40
22213163-4	2012	Adenosine reduced expression of Bcl-X(L) mRNA and protein but otherwise increased expression of the Bid mRNA and protein in HepG2 cells, and those effects were also prevented by knocking-down A(2a) adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	0-9	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	100-103
22213163-5	2012	Adenosine caused disruption of mitochondrial membrane potentials and stimulated cytochrome c efflux from the mitochondria in HepG2 cells.	Adenosine	0-9	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	80-92
22213163-6	2012	Adenosine activated caspases-3 and -9 in HepG2 cells, which was significantly inhibited by knocking-down A(2a) adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	0-9	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	20-37
22213163-7	2012	The results of the present study indicate that extracellular adenosine downregulates Bcl-X(L) expression and upregulates Bid expression, thereby disrupting mitochondrial membrane potentials to allow cytochrome c efflux from the mitochondria, and then causing activation of caspase-9 and the effector caspase-3, as mediated via A(2a) adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	61-70	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	85-93
22213163-7	2012	The results of the present study indicate that extracellular adenosine downregulates Bcl-X(L) expression and upregulates Bid expression, thereby disrupting mitochondrial membrane potentials to allow cytochrome c efflux from the mitochondria, and then causing activation of caspase-9 and the effector caspase-3, as mediated via A(2a) adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	61-70	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	121-124
22213163-7	2012	The results of the present study indicate that extracellular adenosine downregulates Bcl-X(L) expression and upregulates Bid expression, thereby disrupting mitochondrial membrane potentials to allow cytochrome c efflux from the mitochondria, and then causing activation of caspase-9 and the effector caspase-3, as mediated via A(2a) adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	61-70	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	199-211
22213163-7	2012	The results of the present study indicate that extracellular adenosine downregulates Bcl-X(L) expression and upregulates Bid expression, thereby disrupting mitochondrial membrane potentials to allow cytochrome c efflux from the mitochondria, and then causing activation of caspase-9 and the effector caspase-3, as mediated via A(2a) adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	61-70	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	300-309
22423036-4	2012	The receptors that transduce adenosine action are the A1, A2a, A2b, and A3 adenosine receptors (A1AR, A2aAR, A2bAR, and A3AR).	Adenosine	29-38	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	120-124
22504483-7	2012	Together, these studies identify adenosine-elicited stabilization of Per2 in the control of HIF-dependent cardiac metabolism and ischemia tolerance and implicate Per2 stabilization as a potential new strategy for treating myocardial ischemia.	Adenosine	33-42	period circadian clock 2	Mus musculus	69-73
22504483-7	2012	Together, these studies identify adenosine-elicited stabilization of Per2 in the control of HIF-dependent cardiac metabolism and ischemia tolerance and implicate Per2 stabilization as a potential new strategy for treating myocardial ischemia.	Adenosine	33-42	period circadian clock 2	Mus musculus	162-166
22423038-6	2012	Adenosine promotes angiogenesis, which is mediated by inducing the production of vascular endothelial growth factor by mononuclear phagocytes through A(2A), A(2B), and A(3) receptors.	Adenosine	0-9	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	81-115
22969939-0	2012	In vitro effect of adenosine on the mRNA expression of Kir 2.1 and Kir 4.1 channels in rat retinal Muller cells at elevated hydrostatic pressure.	Adenosine	19-28	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 2	Rattus norvegicus	55-62
22421154-4	2012	ssRNAs containing an adenosine and uridine-rich (ARE) element are permissive targets for p53-mediated degradation.	Adenosine	21-30	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	89-92
22233927-7	2012	The adenosine-induced increase in PKCepsilon-positive mitochondria was largely prevented not only by PKC inhibitor chelerythrine, but also by the HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin and by siRNA targeting HSP90.	Adenosine	4-13	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Rattus norvegicus	146-151
22233927-7	2012	The adenosine-induced increase in PKCepsilon-positive mitochondria was largely prevented not only by PKC inhibitor chelerythrine, but also by the HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin and by siRNA targeting HSP90.	Adenosine	4-13	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Rattus norvegicus	198-203
22233927-10	2012	Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation data showed that PKCepsilon but not PKCdelta was associated with TOM70 and HSP90, and this association was enhanced by adenosine treatment.	Adenosine	155-164	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-116
22233927-11	2012	Moreover, adenosine-induced association of PKCepsilon with TOM70 was reduced by suppressing HSP90 expression with siRNA.	Adenosine	10-19	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-97
22233927-12	2012	In conclusion, we demonstrate that adenosine induces HSP90-dependent translocation of PKCepsilon to mitochondria, possibly through mitochondrial import machinery TOM70.	Adenosine	35-44	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
22969939-1	2012	The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of Kir 2.1 and Kir 4.1 channels at an elevated hydrostatic pressure in vitro, and to determine whether adenosine may modulate the mRNA expression of Kir 2.1 and Kir 4.1 channels in retinal Muller cells at an elevated hydrostatic pressure in vitro.	Adenosine	159-168	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 2	Rattus norvegicus	205-212
22969939-3	2012	Muller cells significantly increased the mRNA expression of Kir 2.1 and Kir 4.1 channels at 40 mmHg/24 h. When further treated with 1 muM adenosine at 40 mmHg/24 h, the mRNA expression of the Kir 2.1 channels decreased, while the mRNA expression of the Kir 4.1 channels continued to increase.	Adenosine	138-147	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 2	Rattus norvegicus	60-67
22969939-3	2012	Muller cells significantly increased the mRNA expression of Kir 2.1 and Kir 4.1 channels at 40 mmHg/24 h. When further treated with 1 muM adenosine at 40 mmHg/24 h, the mRNA expression of the Kir 2.1 channels decreased, while the mRNA expression of the Kir 4.1 channels continued to increase.	Adenosine	138-147	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 2	Rattus norvegicus	192-199
22969939-5	2012	Adenosine upregulated the expression of the Kir 4.1 channels, but weakly affected the expression of the Kir 2.1 channels.	Adenosine	0-9	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 2	Rattus norvegicus	104-111
22406269-2	2012	Here, we showed that in vitro Th17 cells generated with the cytokines IL-6 and TGF-beta expressed CD39 and CD73 ectonucleotidases, leading to adenosine release and the subsequent suppression of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell effector functions.	Adenosine	142-151	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	70-74
22278222-1	2012	ADAR1, the interferon (IFN)-inducible adenosine deaminase acting on RNA, catalyzes the C-6 deamination of adenosine (A) to produce inosine (I) in RNA substrates with a double-stranded character.	Adenosine	38-47	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	23-26
22406269-2	2012	Here, we showed that in vitro Th17 cells generated with the cytokines IL-6 and TGF-beta expressed CD39 and CD73 ectonucleotidases, leading to adenosine release and the subsequent suppression of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell effector functions.	Adenosine	142-151	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	79-87
22406269-2	2012	Here, we showed that in vitro Th17 cells generated with the cytokines IL-6 and TGF-beta expressed CD39 and CD73 ectonucleotidases, leading to adenosine release and the subsequent suppression of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell effector functions.	Adenosine	142-151	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	194-197
22244171-6	2012	The decrease of ECL signal was in proportion to the concentration of adenosine over the range of 5.0x10(-12)-5.0x10(-9) M with a detection limit of 2.2x10(-12) M. For thrombin detection, thrombin was assembled on ATA modified electrode via aptamer-target recognition, another aptamer of thrombin tagged with ABEI-AuNPs was bounded to another reactive site of thrombin, producing ECL signals.	Adenosine	69-78	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	167-175
22121051-5	2012	Generation of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by T cells of younger and older subjects was suppressed substantially only at adenosine levels of 3 muM or higher.	Adenosine	111-120	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	14-18
22121051-5	2012	Generation of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by T cells of younger and older subjects was suppressed substantially only at adenosine levels of 3 muM or higher.	Adenosine	111-120	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	23-32
22645939-1	2012	Analysis of published data indicates that the activity of receptors for adenosine, opioids, bradykinin, calcitonin-gene related peptides (CGRP) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) play important role in triggering the cardioprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning.	Adenosine	72-81	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	138-142
22357852-9	2012	The enhanced anti-seizure and neuroprotective effect achieved by disruption of the A1R/neurabin/RGS4 complex is elicited by the on-site and on-demand release of endogenous adenosine, and does not require administration of A1R ligands.	Adenosine	172-181	regulator of G-protein signaling 4	Mus musculus	96-100
22357852-11	2012	Moreover, these findings implicate the A1R/neurabin/RGS4 complex as a valid therapeutic target for specifically manipulating the neuroprotective effects of endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	167-176	regulator of G-protein signaling 4	Mus musculus	52-56
22244171-6	2012	The decrease of ECL signal was in proportion to the concentration of adenosine over the range of 5.0x10(-12)-5.0x10(-9) M with a detection limit of 2.2x10(-12) M. For thrombin detection, thrombin was assembled on ATA modified electrode via aptamer-target recognition, another aptamer of thrombin tagged with ABEI-AuNPs was bounded to another reactive site of thrombin, producing ECL signals.	Adenosine	69-78	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	187-195
22244171-6	2012	The decrease of ECL signal was in proportion to the concentration of adenosine over the range of 5.0x10(-12)-5.0x10(-9) M with a detection limit of 2.2x10(-12) M. For thrombin detection, thrombin was assembled on ATA modified electrode via aptamer-target recognition, another aptamer of thrombin tagged with ABEI-AuNPs was bounded to another reactive site of thrombin, producing ECL signals.	Adenosine	69-78	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	187-195
22244171-6	2012	The decrease of ECL signal was in proportion to the concentration of adenosine over the range of 5.0x10(-12)-5.0x10(-9) M with a detection limit of 2.2x10(-12) M. For thrombin detection, thrombin was assembled on ATA modified electrode via aptamer-target recognition, another aptamer of thrombin tagged with ABEI-AuNPs was bounded to another reactive site of thrombin, producing ECL signals.	Adenosine	69-78	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	187-195
22244171-7	2012	The ECL intensity was linearly with the concentration of thrombin from 5x10(-14)M to 5x10(-10) M with a detection limit of 1.2x10(-14) M. In the ECL biosensor, adenosine and thrombin can be detected when they coexisted in one sample and a multi-analytes assay was established.	Adenosine	160-169	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	57-65
22244171-7	2012	The ECL intensity was linearly with the concentration of thrombin from 5x10(-14)M to 5x10(-10) M with a detection limit of 1.2x10(-14) M. In the ECL biosensor, adenosine and thrombin can be detected when they coexisted in one sample and a multi-analytes assay was established.	Adenosine	160-169	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	174-182
22260203-0	2012	[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanylmethyl)-3-phenyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazoles: antagonists of the Wnt pathway that inhibit tankyrases 1 and 2 via novel adenosine pocket binding.	Adenosine	137-146	tankyrase	Homo sapiens	108-126
22100704-6	2012	The protective effect of adenosine required the coordinated actions of adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase, but did not requisite the purine receptors.	Adenosine	25-34	adenosine deaminase	Sus scrofa	71-90
22135310-7	2012	Overall, ATP was rapidly converted to adenosine by the NTPDase1+CD73 combination, but not by the NTPDase2+CD73 combination.	Adenosine	38-47	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-63
22020741-11	2012	Using Western blotting, we found             that adenosine stimulated phosphorylation of ERK, CREB and AKT.	Adenosine	50-59	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	90-93
22020741-11	2012	Using Western blotting, we found             that adenosine stimulated phosphorylation of ERK, CREB and AKT.	Adenosine	50-59	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	95-99
22020741-11	2012	Using Western blotting, we found             that adenosine stimulated phosphorylation of ERK, CREB and AKT.	Adenosine	50-59	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	104-107
22108548-9	2012	HPLC analysis indicated a decrease in extracellular ATP and adenosine levels in groups treated with LPS and LPS plus CGS-21680.	Adenosine	60-69	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	100-103
22108548-9	2012	HPLC analysis indicated a decrease in extracellular ATP and adenosine levels in groups treated with LPS and LPS plus CGS-21680.	Adenosine	60-69	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	108-111
22787649-0	2012	Adenosine Augmentation Therapy Adenosine is an endogenous anticonvulsant that is controlled by an astrocyte-based adenosine cycle and expression levels of its key negative regulator adenosine kinase (ADK).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	182-198
22787649-0	2012	Adenosine Augmentation Therapy Adenosine is an endogenous anticonvulsant that is controlled by an astrocyte-based adenosine cycle and expression levels of its key negative regulator adenosine kinase (ADK).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	200-203
22787649-0	2012	Adenosine Augmentation Therapy Adenosine is an endogenous anticonvulsant that is controlled by an astrocyte-based adenosine cycle and expression levels of its key negative regulator adenosine kinase (ADK).	Adenosine	31-40	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	182-198
22787649-0	2012	Adenosine Augmentation Therapy Adenosine is an endogenous anticonvulsant that is controlled by an astrocyte-based adenosine cycle and expression levels of its key negative regulator adenosine kinase (ADK).	Adenosine	31-40	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	200-203
22297980-3	2012	One molecule is in the nicotinamide portion of the pocket, as previously observed in other PARP structures, while the second molecule is bound in the adenosine portion of the pocket.	Adenosine	150-159	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	91-95
22339724-9	2012	ATP and adenosine contribute to normoxic stabilization of HIF-1 and, with GSH, inhibit the NF-kappa B pathway that is involved in the suppression of erythroid-specific genes.	Adenosine	8-17	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	58-63
22339724-9	2012	ATP and adenosine contribute to normoxic stabilization of HIF-1 and, with GSH, inhibit the NF-kappa B pathway that is involved in the suppression of erythroid-specific genes.	Adenosine	8-17	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	91-101
22086922-5	2012	Likewise, cAMP and adenosine mimicked per se the modulation by fructose of CD95- and TNF-induced apoptosis.	Adenosine	19-28	Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6)	Mus musculus	75-79
22086922-5	2012	Likewise, cAMP and adenosine mimicked per se the modulation by fructose of CD95- and TNF-induced apoptosis.	Adenosine	19-28	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	85-88
22219293-5	2012	In Receptor cells in a lingual slice preparation, Ca(2+) mobilization evoked by focally applied artificial sweeteners was significantly enhanced by adenosine (50 muM).	Adenosine	148-157	latexin	Homo sapiens	162-165
22219293-8	2012	Adenosine (5 muM) enhanced ATP release evoked by sweet but not bitter taste stimuli.	Adenosine	0-9	latexin	Homo sapiens	13-16
22759956-0	2012	AMP converted from intracellularly transported adenosine upregulates p53 expression to induce malignant pleural mesothelioma cell apoptosis.	Adenosine	47-56	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	69-72
22759956-5	2012	Adenosine upregulated expression of the p53 mRNA and protein, that is abolished by ABT-702, but not by knocking-down A(3) adenosine receptor.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	40-43
22759968-4	2012	RESULTS: Extracellular adenosine induces Lu-65 cell apoptosis in a concentration (0.01-10 mM)-dependent manner, and the effect was inhibited by the A(3) adenosine receptor inhibitor MRS1191 or by knocking-down A(3) adenosine receptor or p53.	Adenosine	23-32	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	237-240
22759956-6	2012	Adenosine-induced apoptosis in NCI-H28 cells was significantly inhibited by knocking-down p53 and in part by knocking-down A(3) adenosine receptor.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	90-93
22759968-6	2012	Adenosine upregulated expression of p53 and Noxa mRNAs and activated caspase-3 and -9, but not caspase-8.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	36-39
22759956-7	2012	CONCLUSION: The results of the present study show that AMP converted from intracellularly transported adenosine upregulates p53 expression to induce caspase-independent apoptosis in malignant pleural mesothelioma cells and that A(3) adenosine receptor also participates partially in the apoptosis by the different mechanism.	Adenosine	102-111	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	124-127
22759968-6	2012	Adenosine upregulated expression of p53 and Noxa mRNAs and activated caspase-3 and -9, but not caspase-8.	Adenosine	0-9	phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1	Homo sapiens	44-48
23171836-8	2012	The adenosine effect was prevented by GF109203X, an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), but it was not affected by forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase.	Adenosine	4-13	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	65-81
22759968-6	2012	Adenosine upregulated expression of p53 and Noxa mRNAs and activated caspase-3 and -9, but not caspase-8.	Adenosine	0-9	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	69-85
22759968-7	2012	Those adenosine effects were still inhibited by knocking-down A(3) adenosine receptor or p53.	Adenosine	6-15	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	89-92
22759968-8	2012	CONCLUSION: The results of the present study show that adenosine upregulates p53 expression via A(3) adenosine receptor, to promote p53-dependent Noxa gene transcription, causing activation of caspase-9 and the effector caspase-3 to induce Lu-65 cell apoptosis.	Adenosine	55-64	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	77-80
22759968-8	2012	CONCLUSION: The results of the present study show that adenosine upregulates p53 expression via A(3) adenosine receptor, to promote p53-dependent Noxa gene transcription, causing activation of caspase-9 and the effector caspase-3 to induce Lu-65 cell apoptosis.	Adenosine	55-64	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	132-135
22759968-8	2012	CONCLUSION: The results of the present study show that adenosine upregulates p53 expression via A(3) adenosine receptor, to promote p53-dependent Noxa gene transcription, causing activation of caspase-9 and the effector caspase-3 to induce Lu-65 cell apoptosis.	Adenosine	55-64	phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1	Homo sapiens	146-150
22759968-8	2012	CONCLUSION: The results of the present study show that adenosine upregulates p53 expression via A(3) adenosine receptor, to promote p53-dependent Noxa gene transcription, causing activation of caspase-9 and the effector caspase-3 to induce Lu-65 cell apoptosis.	Adenosine	55-64	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	220-229
22868254-3	2012	In cultured human-derived cardiovascular (EA.hy926) and cerebrovascular (HBEC-5i) endothelial cells, cell death events were initiated by TNF-alpha (0.1-10 ng/mL) only when both homocysteine (0.5 mM) and adenosine (0.5 mM) were present.	Adenosine	203-212	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	137-146
23171836-8	2012	The adenosine effect was prevented by GF109203X, an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), but it was not affected by forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase.	Adenosine	4-13	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	83-86
23171836-11	2012	CONCLUSION: The results of the present study show that adenosine induces 5637 cell apoptosis by upregulating AIF expression via an A(3) adenosine receptor-mediated G(q) protein/PKC pathway.	Adenosine	55-64	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	177-180
22092111-1	2012	PURPOSE: Adenosine kinase (ADK), a largely astrocyte-based metabolic enzyme, regulates adenosine homeostasis in the brain.	Adenosine	87-96	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	9-25
22092111-1	2012	PURPOSE: Adenosine kinase (ADK), a largely astrocyte-based metabolic enzyme, regulates adenosine homeostasis in the brain.	Adenosine	87-96	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	27-30
22092111-2	2012	Overexpression of ADK decreases extracellular adenosine and consequently leads to seizures.	Adenosine	46-55	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-21
24795496-9	2012	Downstream mechanisms of TNF-enhanced sleep include nitric oxide, adenosine, prostaglandins and activation of nuclear factor kappa B. Neuronal use induces cortical neurons to express TNF and if applied directly to cortical columns TNF induces a functional sleep-like state within the column.	Adenosine	66-75	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	25-28
21926236-3	2012	We show here that adenosine treatment of IL-4- or IL-13-activated macrophages augments the expression of alternative macrophage markers arginase-1, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and macrophage galactose-type C-type lectin-1.	Adenosine	18-27	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	41-55
21926236-3	2012	We show here that adenosine treatment of IL-4- or IL-13-activated macrophages augments the expression of alternative macrophage markers arginase-1, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and macrophage galactose-type C-type lectin-1.	Adenosine	18-27	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	148-194
21926236-3	2012	We show here that adenosine treatment of IL-4- or IL-13-activated macrophages augments the expression of alternative macrophage markers arginase-1, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and macrophage galactose-type C-type lectin-1.	Adenosine	18-27	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	196-202
21926236-4	2012	The stimulatory effect of adenosine required primarily A(2B) receptors because the nonselective adenosine receptor agonist 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) increased both arginase activity (EC(50)=261.8 nM) and TIMP-1 production (EC(50)=80.67 nM), and both pharmacologic and genetic blockade of A(2B) receptors prevented the effect of NECA.	Adenosine	26-35	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	216-222
21926236-5	2012	A(2A) receptors also contributed to the adenosine augmentation of IL-4-induced TIMP-1 release, as both adenosine and NECA were less efficacious in augmenting TIMP-1 release by A(2A) receptor-deficient than control macrophages.	Adenosine	40-49	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	66-70
21926236-5	2012	A(2A) receptors also contributed to the adenosine augmentation of IL-4-induced TIMP-1 release, as both adenosine and NECA were less efficacious in augmenting TIMP-1 release by A(2A) receptor-deficient than control macrophages.	Adenosine	40-49	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	79-85
21266914-3	2012	In vascular smooth muscle cells, 95% of adenosine transport is mediated by ENT-1 and the rest by ENT-2.	Adenosine	40-49	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	97-102
21266914-4	2012	In endothelial cells, 60%, 10%, and 30% of adenosine transport are mediated by ENT-1, ENT-2, and CNT-2, respectively.	Adenosine	43-52	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	86-91
21873810-10	2012	Moreover, adenosine, but not ATP inhibited LPS-induced expression of TLR4 in DH82 cells.	Adenosine	10-19	toll like receptor 4	Canis lupus familiaris	69-73
22116830-0	2012	Adenosine augments IL-10 production by microglial cells through an A2B adenosine receptor-mediated process.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	19-24
22116830-2	2012	Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside and a ligand of four G protein-coupled adenosine receptors (ARs), which are the A(1)AR, A(2A)AR, A(2B)AR, and A(3)AR.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	155-161
22116830-4	2012	In this study, we demonstrate that adenosine augments IL-10 production by activated murine microglia while suppressing the production of proinflammatory cytokines.	Adenosine	35-44	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	54-59
22116830-6	2012	Mechanistically, adenosine augmented IL-10 mRNA accumulation by a transcriptional process.	Adenosine	17-26	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	37-42
22116830-7	2012	Using mutant IL-10 promoter constructs we showed that a CREB-binding region in the promoter mediated the augmenting effect of adenosine on IL-10 transcription.	Adenosine	126-135	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	13-18
22116830-7	2012	Using mutant IL-10 promoter constructs we showed that a CREB-binding region in the promoter mediated the augmenting effect of adenosine on IL-10 transcription.	Adenosine	126-135	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	56-60
22116830-7	2012	Using mutant IL-10 promoter constructs we showed that a CREB-binding region in the promoter mediated the augmenting effect of adenosine on IL-10 transcription.	Adenosine	126-135	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	139-144
22116830-8	2012	Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that adenosine induced CREB phosphorylation at the IL-10 promoter.	Adenosine	57-66	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	75-79
22116830-8	2012	Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that adenosine induced CREB phosphorylation at the IL-10 promoter.	Adenosine	57-66	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	103-108
22116830-9	2012	Silencing CREB using lentivirally delivered short hairpin RNA blocked the enhancing effect of adenosine on IL-10 production, confirming a role for CREB in mediating the stimulatory effect of adenosine on IL-10 production.	Adenosine	94-103	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	10-14
22116830-9	2012	Silencing CREB using lentivirally delivered short hairpin RNA blocked the enhancing effect of adenosine on IL-10 production, confirming a role for CREB in mediating the stimulatory effect of adenosine on IL-10 production.	Adenosine	94-103	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	107-112
22116830-9	2012	Silencing CREB using lentivirally delivered short hairpin RNA blocked the enhancing effect of adenosine on IL-10 production, confirming a role for CREB in mediating the stimulatory effect of adenosine on IL-10 production.	Adenosine	94-103	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	204-209
22116830-9	2012	Silencing CREB using lentivirally delivered short hairpin RNA blocked the enhancing effect of adenosine on IL-10 production, confirming a role for CREB in mediating the stimulatory effect of adenosine on IL-10 production.	Adenosine	191-200	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	10-14
22116830-9	2012	Silencing CREB using lentivirally delivered short hairpin RNA blocked the enhancing effect of adenosine on IL-10 production, confirming a role for CREB in mediating the stimulatory effect of adenosine on IL-10 production.	Adenosine	191-200	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	107-112
22116830-9	2012	Silencing CREB using lentivirally delivered short hairpin RNA blocked the enhancing effect of adenosine on IL-10 production, confirming a role for CREB in mediating the stimulatory effect of adenosine on IL-10 production.	Adenosine	191-200	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	147-151
22116830-9	2012	Silencing CREB using lentivirally delivered short hairpin RNA blocked the enhancing effect of adenosine on IL-10 production, confirming a role for CREB in mediating the stimulatory effect of adenosine on IL-10 production.	Adenosine	191-200	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	204-209
22116830-10	2012	In addition, adenosine augmented IL-10 production by stimulating p38 MAPK.	Adenosine	13-22	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	33-38
22844517-7	2012	Insulin and NBTI increased the extracellular adenosine concentration, the maximal velocity for L-arginine transport without altering the apparent K(m) for L-arginine transport, hCAT-1 protein and mRNA expression levels, and SLC7A1 transcriptional activity.	Adenosine	45-54	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
22808198-0	2012	Gestational diabetes reduces adenosine transport in human placental microvascular endothelium, an effect reversed by insulin.	Adenosine	29-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	117-124
21914471-8	2011	We also evaluate the expression of BDNF as one of the targets of adenosine intracellular pathway activation.	Adenosine	65-74	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Danio rerio	35-39
22685551-4	2012	By colorimetric phosphate assay, we showed that S. sanguinis Nt5e can hydrolyze extracellular adenosine triphosphate to generate adenosine.	Adenosine	94-103	5'-nucleotidase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	61-65
22685551-7	2012	As a virulence factor, Nt5e may function by (i) hydrolyzing ATP, a pro-inflammatory molecule, and generating adenosine, an immunosuppressive molecule to inhibit phagocytic monocytes/macrophages associated with valvular vegetations.	Adenosine	109-118	5'-nucleotidase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	23-27
22442662-6	2012	The ion currents activated by adenosine were chloride conductance mediated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-activated chloride channel.	Adenosine	30-39	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	131-135
22839688-2	2012	In view of the biological significance of IGF-1, we investigated the association of RA with the polymorphism of a 192-bp allele which is cytosine-adenosine repeat located 1 kb upstream from the IGF-1 gene transcription site and is known to regulate serum IGF-1 levels.	Adenosine	146-155	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
22839688-2	2012	In view of the biological significance of IGF-1, we investigated the association of RA with the polymorphism of a 192-bp allele which is cytosine-adenosine repeat located 1 kb upstream from the IGF-1 gene transcription site and is known to regulate serum IGF-1 levels.	Adenosine	146-155	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	194-199
22839688-2	2012	In view of the biological significance of IGF-1, we investigated the association of RA with the polymorphism of a 192-bp allele which is cytosine-adenosine repeat located 1 kb upstream from the IGF-1 gene transcription site and is known to regulate serum IGF-1 levels.	Adenosine	146-155	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	194-199
21831515-7	2011	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the difference in enzymatic activity between AK1 phenotypes influencing the equilibrium among ATP, ADP, AMP and adenosine could have an important role in a balanced development of feto-placental unit.	Adenosine	152-161	adenylate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	85-88
21538184-7	2011	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha production induced by the TLR4 ligands LPS, hyaluronic acid, and heparan sulfate was potently inhibited by Ado (-75% for LPS, P < 0.005).	Adenosine	135-138	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-27
21896918-9	2011	These results suggest that PPARalpha is activated by increased concentrations of free fatty acids that may arise from impaired fatty acid metabolism caused by altered levels of ATP, AMP, and ZMP after AICAR or adenosine treatment.	Adenosine	210-219	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	27-36
21767631-12	2011	The co-transmitter adenosine stimulated IL-6 release via A1-adenosine receptors but no influence was recognized on TGF-beta.	Adenosine	19-28	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	40-44
22442662-6	2012	The ion currents activated by adenosine were chloride conductance mediated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-activated chloride channel.	Adenosine	30-39	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	78-129
21810444-0	2011	Past, present and future of A(2A) adenosine receptor antagonists in the therapy of Parkinson"s disease.	Adenosine	34-43	EH domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
22024172-5	2011	PGD2 activates a center of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep regulation in the ventrolateral preoptic area, probably mediated by adenosine signaling, which activation inhibits the histaminergic arousal center in the tuberomammillary nucleus via descending GABAergic and galaninergic projections.	Adenosine	131-140	prostaglandin D2 synthase	Homo sapiens	0-4
22022830-0	2011	Functional link between adenosine and insulin: a hypothesis for fetoplacental vascular endothelial dysfunction in gestational diabetes.	Adenosine	24-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	38-45
21704075-8	2011	Especially P2 receptors for ATP, P1 receptors for adenosine, and nucleotide transporters were found to be modulated in ALS cells and tissues, playing a potential role in the disease.	Adenosine	50-59	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	119-122
21982807-2	2011	Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), an enzyme that has long served as a diagnostic marker for prostate cancer, has been recently demonstrated to exhibit ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity, and dephosphorylate endogenous extracellular AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	234-243	acid phosphatase 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-26
21982807-2	2011	Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), an enzyme that has long served as a diagnostic marker for prostate cancer, has been recently demonstrated to exhibit ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity, and dephosphorylate endogenous extracellular AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	234-243	acid phosphatase 3	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
22022983-2	2011	This study investigated whether serum levels of H-FABP change during adenosine stress testing and nuclear imaging in patients with stable coronary artery disease.	Adenosine	69-78	fatty acid binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	48-54
22011440-0	2011	PAP and NT5E inhibit nociceptive neurotransmission by rapidly hydrolyzing nucleotides to adenosine.	Adenosine	89-98	acid phosphatase, prostate	Mus musculus	0-3
22011440-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) produce extracellular adenosine from the nucleotide AMP in spinal nociceptive (pain-sensing) circuits; however, it is currently unknown if these are the main ectonucleotidases that generate adenosine or how rapidly they generate adenosine.	Adenosine	105-114	acid phosphatase, prostate	Mus musculus	12-38
22011440-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) produce extracellular adenosine from the nucleotide AMP in spinal nociceptive (pain-sensing) circuits; however, it is currently unknown if these are the main ectonucleotidases that generate adenosine or how rapidly they generate adenosine.	Adenosine	105-114	acid phosphatase, prostate	Mus musculus	40-43
22011440-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) produce extracellular adenosine from the nucleotide AMP in spinal nociceptive (pain-sensing) circuits; however, it is currently unknown if these are the main ectonucleotidases that generate adenosine or how rapidly they generate adenosine.	Adenosine	273-282	acid phosphatase, prostate	Mus musculus	12-38
22011440-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) produce extracellular adenosine from the nucleotide AMP in spinal nociceptive (pain-sensing) circuits; however, it is currently unknown if these are the main ectonucleotidases that generate adenosine or how rapidly they generate adenosine.	Adenosine	273-282	acid phosphatase, prostate	Mus musculus	40-43
22011440-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) produce extracellular adenosine from the nucleotide AMP in spinal nociceptive (pain-sensing) circuits; however, it is currently unknown if these are the main ectonucleotidases that generate adenosine or how rapidly they generate adenosine.	Adenosine	273-282	acid phosphatase, prostate	Mus musculus	12-38
22011440-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) produce extracellular adenosine from the nucleotide AMP in spinal nociceptive (pain-sensing) circuits; however, it is currently unknown if these are the main ectonucleotidases that generate adenosine or how rapidly they generate adenosine.	Adenosine	273-282	acid phosphatase, prostate	Mus musculus	40-43
22011440-5	2011	Adenosine was maximally produced within seconds from AMP in wild-type (WT) mice but production was reduced >50% in dKO mice, indicating PAP and NT5E rapidly generate adenosine in lamina II.	Adenosine	0-9	acid phosphatase, prostate	Mus musculus	139-142
22011440-5	2011	Adenosine was maximally produced within seconds from AMP in wild-type (WT) mice but production was reduced >50% in dKO mice, indicating PAP and NT5E rapidly generate adenosine in lamina II.	Adenosine	169-178	acid phosphatase, prostate	Mus musculus	139-142
22011440-7	2011	Adenosine transients were of short duration (<2 s) and were reduced (>60%) in frequency in Pap-/-, Nt5e-/- and dKO mice, suggesting these ectonucleotidases rapidly hydrolyze endogenously released nucleotides to adenosine.	Adenosine	0-9	acid phosphatase, prostate	Mus musculus	97-100
22011440-9	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our experiments indicate that PAP and NT5E are the main ectonucleotidases that generate adenosine in nociceptive circuits and indicate these enzymes transform pulsatile or sustained nucleotide release into an inhibitory adenosinergic signal.	Adenosine	115-124	acid phosphatase, prostate	Mus musculus	57-60
21945936-7	2011	Moreover, pre-incubation of [(3)H]-adenosine with adenosine deaminase (ADA) or adenosine kinase (ADK) inhibition with iodotubercidin promoted significant uptake inhibition in both cultures, indicating that the uptake is predominantly for adenosine and not inosine, and that taken up adenosine is preferentially directed to the synthesis of adenine nucleotides.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine deaminase	Gallus gallus	50-69
21945936-7	2011	Moreover, pre-incubation of [(3)H]-adenosine with adenosine deaminase (ADA) or adenosine kinase (ADK) inhibition with iodotubercidin promoted significant uptake inhibition in both cultures, indicating that the uptake is predominantly for adenosine and not inosine, and that taken up adenosine is preferentially directed to the synthesis of adenine nucleotides.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine kinase	Gallus gallus	97-100
21993001-2	2011	However, it remains unknown whether adenosine can attenuate hypertrophy induced by TNF-alpha.	Adenosine	36-45	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	83-92
21638125-8	2011	Functional assays using siRNAs against CD39 and CD73 or pharmacological inhibitors of CD39, CD73 and ADORA2A revealed that tumour-derived adenosine inhibits the proliferation of allogeneic human CD4(+) T cells in co-culture with OvCA cells as well as cytotoxic T cell priming and NK cell cytotoxicity against SK-OV3 or OAW42 cells.	Adenosine	138-147	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	195-198
21865551-5	2011	We provide further evidence that extracellular ATP release from peritoneal MA is dependent on P2X(7) but not on Panx-1 expression and that its metabolism to adenosine mediates P2X(7)-dependent MA fusion.	Adenosine	157-166	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	176-182
21514967-5	2011	In our continuous efforts to develop new anti-inflammatory agents, we found a novel adenosine analog, 2-chloro-N6-(3-iodobenzyl)-4"-thioadenosine-5"-N-methyluronamide (thio-Cl-IB-MECA), was a potent human A3AR agonist.	Adenosine	84-93	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	205-209
21635241-1	2011	PURPOSE: Adenosine kinase (ADK) represents the key metabolic enzyme for the regulation of extracellular adenosine levels in the brain.	Adenosine	104-113	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	9-25
21635241-1	2011	PURPOSE: Adenosine kinase (ADK) represents the key metabolic enzyme for the regulation of extracellular adenosine levels in the brain.	Adenosine	104-113	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	27-30
21628448-0	2011	Defective adenosine-stimulated cAMP production in cystic fibrosis airway epithelia: a novel role for CFTR in cell signaling.	Adenosine	10-19	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	101-105
21549757-9	2011	Moreover, application of inhibitors of IDO, adenosine, neutralizing Abs to IL-10 and TGF-beta could partially reverse IFN-gamma production.	Adenosine	44-53	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	118-127
21741389-2	2011	Adenosine, histamine, salbutamol and thrombin cause activation of eNOS through widely different mechanisms.	Adenosine	0-9	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	66-70
21741389-5	2011	Nevertheless, despite their divergent effects on intracellular Ca(2+) and on actin filament structure, we found by immunoprecipitation that adenosine, histamine, salbutamol and thrombin all caused an increase in association between eNOS and globular actin.	Adenosine	140-149	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	232-236
21849555-6	2011	The depression of synaptic transmission following OGD was prevented by metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) or A(3) receptor antagonists, indicating a role for both glutamate and adenosine release.	Adenosine	185-194	glutamate metabotropic receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-104
21847096-1	2011	ADAR2 catalyses the deamination of adenosine to inosine at the GluR2 Q/R site in the pre-mRNA encoding the critical subunit of AMPA receptors.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1	Mus musculus	0-5
21593451-6	2011	Treatment of stimulated CD4(+) T-cells with adenosine (25 muM) potently reduced IFN-gamma release which is mediated by adenosine A2a receptors (A2aR).	Adenosine	44-53	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	80-89
21642237-3	2011	Increased export of adenosine from reconstituted tonoplast preparations from 35S:ENT1 mutants compared with those from the wild type and ENT1-RNAi mutants support this view.	Adenosine	20-29	equilibrative nucleotide transporter 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	81-85
21566208-5	2011	Mechanistically, we demonstrate that shear stress-mediated elevated adenosine functions through the adenosine A(2B) receptor (A(2B)R) to activate the PI3K/AKT signaling cascade and subsequent increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation.	Adenosine	68-77	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	155-158
21566208-6	2011	These in vitro studies led us to discover further that adenosine was induced during sustained penile erection and contributes to PI3K/AKT activation and subsequent eNOS phosphorylation via A(2B)R signaling in intact animal.	Adenosine	55-64	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	134-137
21566208-7	2011	Finally, we demonstrate that lowering adenosine in wild-type mice or genetic deletion of A(2B)R in mutant mice significantly attenuated PI3K/AKT activation, eNOS phosphorylation, and subsequent impaired penile erection featured with the reduction of ratio of maximal intracavernosal pressure to systemic arterial pressure from 0.49 +- 0.03 to 0.41 +- 0.05 and 0.38 +- 0.04, respectively (both P<0.05).	Adenosine	38-47	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	141-144
21566208-8	2011	Overall, using biochemical, cellular, genetic, and physiological approaches, our findings reveal that adenosine is a novel molecule signaling via A(2B)R activation, contributing to penile erection via PI3K/AKT-dependent eNOS activation.	Adenosine	102-111	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	206-209
21642237-5	2011	An up-regulation of the salvage pathway was detected in the latter mutants, leading to the conclusion that draining the vacuolar adenosine storage by ENT1 over-expression interferes with cellular nucleotide metabolism.	Adenosine	129-138	equilibrative nucleotide transporter 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	150-154
21642237-8	2011	This indicates that ENT1-mediated nucleosides, especially adenosine transport, is important for nucleotide metabolism, thus influencing growth and pollen germination.	Adenosine	58-67	equilibrative nucleotide transporter 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	20-24
21547431-10	2011	The sensor can be used to quantify adenosine concentrations between 50 nM and 2 muM.	Adenosine	35-44	latexin	Homo sapiens	80-83
21697598-0	2011	High-resolution X-ray structure of the rabbit histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (rHINT1)-adenosine complex at 1.10 A resolution.	Adenosine	100-109	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-98
21668450-7	2011	Deprivation of glucose or stimulation with adenosine or noradrenaline leads to an increased phosphorylation of PP1-R3F bound GS at Ser640 and Ser644 curtailing glycogen synthesis and facilitating glycogen degradation to provide glucose in astrocytoma cells.	Adenosine	43-52	neuropeptide Y receptor Y4	Homo sapiens	111-114
21668450-7	2011	Deprivation of glucose or stimulation with adenosine or noradrenaline leads to an increased phosphorylation of PP1-R3F bound GS at Ser640 and Ser644 curtailing glycogen synthesis and facilitating glycogen degradation to provide glucose in astrocytoma cells.	Adenosine	43-52	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3F	Homo sapiens	115-118
21668450-8	2011	Adenosine stimulation also modulates phosphorylation of R3F at Ser14/Ser18.	Adenosine	0-9	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3F	Homo sapiens	56-59
20732359-5	2011	HIF-1 is also required for ischemic preconditioning and this effect may be due in part to its induction of CD73, the enzyme that produces adenosine.	Adenosine	138-147	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	0-5
21145355-2	2011	The GTPase family of proteins, including fission proteins, dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1), mitochondrial fission 1 (Fis1), and fusion proteins (Mfn1, Mfn2 and Opa1) are essential to maintain mitochondrial fission and fusion balance, and to provide necessary adenosine triphosphate to neurons.	Adenosine	260-269	OPA1 mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase	Homo sapiens	161-165
21430704-0	2011	Regulatory T cells from IL-10-deficient mice fail to suppress contact hypersensitivity reactions due to lack of adenosine production.	Adenosine	112-121	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	24-29
21430704-4	2011	We show that IL-10(-/-) Tregs failed to become activated by ATP and were impaired in adenosine production.	Adenosine	85-94	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	13-18
21575674-7	2011	These findings suggest that under oxidative stress-loaded conditions, decreased adenosine clearance via astrocytic ENT1 might involve, at least in part, in an elevated extracellular adenosine level in the brain.	Adenosine	80-89	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	115-119
21575674-7	2011	These findings suggest that under oxidative stress-loaded conditions, decreased adenosine clearance via astrocytic ENT1 might involve, at least in part, in an elevated extracellular adenosine level in the brain.	Adenosine	182-191	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	115-119
21447646-0	2011	Adenosine modifies the balance between membrane and soluble forms of Flt-1.	Adenosine	0-9	fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	69-74
21479362-9	2011	The immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that adenosine induced the translocation of CHOP and of caspase-3 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.	Adenosine	47-56	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	86-90
21479362-9	2011	The immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that adenosine induced the translocation of CHOP and of caspase-3 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.	Adenosine	47-56	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	98-107
21479362-10	2011	Western blotting confirmed that CHOP, caspase-4 and caspase-3 were up-regulated in HepG2 cells after treatment with adenosine.	Adenosine	116-125	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	32-36
21479362-10	2011	Western blotting confirmed that CHOP, caspase-4 and caspase-3 were up-regulated in HepG2 cells after treatment with adenosine.	Adenosine	116-125	caspase 4	Homo sapiens	38-47
21479362-10	2011	Western blotting confirmed that CHOP, caspase-4 and caspase-3 were up-regulated in HepG2 cells after treatment with adenosine.	Adenosine	116-125	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	52-61
21602303-4	2011	Detailed structural information of the two enzymes in complex with adenosine reveals how Trm5 escapes targeting by adopting an altered structure, whereas TrmD is trapped by targeting due to its rigid structure that stably accommodates the fragment.	Adenosine	67-76	tRNA methyltransferase 5	Homo sapiens	89-93
21526763-0	2011	Adenosine-derived inhibitors of 78 kDa glucose regulated protein (Grp78) ATPase: insights into isoform selectivity.	Adenosine	0-9	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	32-64
21526763-0	2011	Adenosine-derived inhibitors of 78 kDa glucose regulated protein (Grp78) ATPase: insights into isoform selectivity.	Adenosine	0-9	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	66-71
21526763-2	2011	Binding of adenosine-derived inhibitors to Grp78 was characterized by surface plasmon resonance and isothermal titration calorimetry.	Adenosine	11-20	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	43-48
21526763-4	2011	X-ray crystal structures of Grp78 bound to ATP, ADPnP, and adenosine derivative 10 revealed differences in the binding site between Grp78 and homologous proteins.	Adenosine	59-68	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	28-33
21526763-4	2011	X-ray crystal structures of Grp78 bound to ATP, ADPnP, and adenosine derivative 10 revealed differences in the binding site between Grp78 and homologous proteins.	Adenosine	59-68	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	132-137
21515851-3	2011	Insulin effect was assayed on hENT1 expression (protein, mRNA, SLC29A1 promoter activity) and activity (initial rates of adenosine transport) as well as endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity (serine(1177) phosphorylation, l-citrulline formation).	Adenosine	121-130	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
22131942-3	2011	One of the major actions of adenosine is cytoprotection, mediated primarily via two ARs - A(1) (A(1)AR) and A(3) (A(3)AR).	Adenosine	28-37	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	114-120
21593380-3	2011	Mouse naive CD4(+) T cells cocultured with DCs in the presence of adenosine or the stable adenosine mimetic 5"-(N-ethylcarboximado) adenosine resulted in the differentiation of IL-17- and IL-22-secreting cells and elevation of mRNA that encode signature Th17-associated molecules, such as IL-23R and RORgammat.	Adenosine	66-75	interleukin 23 receptor	Mus musculus	289-295
21389855-5	2011	RESULTS: We found a significant increase in basal (P < 0.02) and adenosine-induced (P < 0.05) coronary blood flow in patients who received folic acid/vitamin B12 for 24 months, compared with placebo or vitamin B6 alone.	Adenosine	68-77	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	164-167
21389855-7	2011	CONCLUSION: Long-term treatment with a combination of folic acid and vitamin B12 increase basal and adenosine-induced maximal coronary blood flow.	Adenosine	100-109	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	77-80
21515851-8	2011	Cells from GDM exhibited increased insulin receptor A isoform expression in addition to the reported NO-dependent inhibition of hENT1-adenosine transport and SLC29A1 reporter repression, and increased extracellular concentration of adenosine and NO synthase activity.	Adenosine	232-241	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
21258412-1	2011	The liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/adenosine mono-phosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex (mTORC1) cassette constitutes a canonical signaling pathway that integrates information on the metabolic and nutrient status and translates this into regulation of cell growth.	Adenosine	27-36	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	148-152
21486776-2	2011	In this work we studied, using the patch clamp technique, the functional modulation of recombinant human alpha3beta4 nAChR by the A2A adenosine receptor, co-expressed in HEK cells.	Adenosine	134-143	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	117-122
21437670-4	2011	Indeed, the adenosine-induced potentiation was sensitive to inhibition by pertussis toxin and, furthermore, could be induced with an A3AR-specific agonist.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	133-137
21437670-6	2011	In addition, we identify the A3AR as a potentiating receptor of FcepsilonRI-induced degranulation, thereby implicating it in the in vivo bronchoconstrictive response to adenosine in asthmatics.	Adenosine	169-178	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	29-33
21467037-1	2011	ADAR2, an RNA editing enzyme that converts specific adenosines to inosines in certain pre-mRNAs, often leading to amino acid substitutions in the encoded proteins, is mainly expressed in brain.	Adenosine	52-62	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1	Mus musculus	0-5
21335462-6	2011	In support of a role for intracellular adenosine metabolism in regulating hypertrophy, the adenosine kinase (AK) inhibitors iodotubercidin and ABT-702 completely reversed the attenuation of cell size, protein synthesis, and expression of ANP by CADO or ADO.	Adenosine	39-48	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	91-107
21454708-11	2011	Pemt(-/-) mice developed desensitization against adenosine-mediated inhibition of basal hydrolysis in adipose tissue, and adipocyte hypotrophy was observed in Pemt(-/-) animals on a high fat diet.	Adenosine	49-58	phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Mus musculus	0-4
21335462-12	2011	Together, these results identify AK as an important mediator of adenosine attenuation of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, which acts, at least in part, through inhibition of Raf signaling to mTOR/p70S6k.	Adenosine	64-73	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	33-35
21182944-7	2011	The present review article gives a description of different classes of inhibitors of 17beta-HSD1 (C6-derivatives of E2, C16-derivatives of E2 as alkylating and dual action compounds, E2-adenosine hybrids, E2-simplified adenosine hybrids, and C16-derivatives of E1 or E2) and of inhibitors of 17beta-HSD7, all these inhibitors developed in our laboratory.	Adenosine	186-195	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	85-96
21511827-6	2011	Finally, both genetic and pharmacologic approaches showed that the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 mediates adenosine-induced renal fibrosis downstream of A(2B)R. Taken together, these data suggest that A(2B)R-mediated induction of IL-6 contributes to renal fibrogenesis and shows potential therapeutic targets for CKD.	Adenosine	103-112	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	89-93
21511827-6	2011	Finally, both genetic and pharmacologic approaches showed that the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 mediates adenosine-induced renal fibrosis downstream of A(2B)R. Taken together, these data suggest that A(2B)R-mediated induction of IL-6 contributes to renal fibrogenesis and shows potential therapeutic targets for CKD.	Adenosine	103-112	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	227-231
21182944-7	2011	The present review article gives a description of different classes of inhibitors of 17beta-HSD1 (C6-derivatives of E2, C16-derivatives of E2 as alkylating and dual action compounds, E2-adenosine hybrids, E2-simplified adenosine hybrids, and C16-derivatives of E1 or E2) and of inhibitors of 17beta-HSD7, all these inhibitors developed in our laboratory.	Adenosine	219-228	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	85-96
21371928-6	2011	Other C type ABC proteins transport nucleotides, so the newly described role of adenosine in inhibiting vascular calcification, along with the similarity of ACDC and PXE with respect to vascular pathology, suggests that adenosine may be the ligand for ABCC6.	Adenosine	220-229	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 6	Homo sapiens	252-257
21516291-6	2011	By the suppression of IL-1 beta production in the activated human monocytes, adenosine can decrease the release of AA causing a diminished phosphorylation of both PKC isoenzymes.	Adenosine	77-86	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	22-31
21516291-6	2011	By the suppression of IL-1 beta production in the activated human monocytes, adenosine can decrease the release of AA causing a diminished phosphorylation of both PKC isoenzymes.	Adenosine	77-86	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	163-166
21477269-3	2011	We illustrated its potential to investigate the role of Ado as an angiogenesis modulator by enhancing VEGF activity and antagonizing sVEGFR-1.	Adenosine	56-59	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	102-106
21481774-4	2011	By comparing the structures of AMPK in ATP- and AMP-bound states, we are able to visualize the sequential conformational changes underlying kinase activation that transmits from the adenosine binding sites in the gamma subunit to the kinase domain of the alpha subunit.	Adenosine	182-191	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
21516291-2	2011	In the current work, the pathways are presented and reviewed showing how adenosine acts on the production and release of arachidonic acid (AA) in activated human monocytes by the involvement of various phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and protein kinase C (PKC) enzymes in physiological (normal) conditions and in a pathologic state in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).	Adenosine	73-82	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	202-218
21516291-2	2011	In the current work, the pathways are presented and reviewed showing how adenosine acts on the production and release of arachidonic acid (AA) in activated human monocytes by the involvement of various phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and protein kinase C (PKC) enzymes in physiological (normal) conditions and in a pathologic state in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).	Adenosine	73-82	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	220-224
21516291-2	2011	In the current work, the pathways are presented and reviewed showing how adenosine acts on the production and release of arachidonic acid (AA) in activated human monocytes by the involvement of various phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and protein kinase C (PKC) enzymes in physiological (normal) conditions and in a pathologic state in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).	Adenosine	73-82	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	248-251
21319802-1	2011	Adenosine kinase (AK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of adenosine (Ado) to AMP by means of a kinetic mechanism in which the two substrates Ado and ATP bind the enzyme in a binary and/or ternary complex, with distinct protein conformations.	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
21233486-0	2011	P2X7 receptor drives osteoclast fusion by increasing the extracellular adenosine concentration.	Adenosine	71-80	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	0-13
21319802-1	2011	Adenosine kinase (AK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of adenosine (Ado) to AMP by means of a kinetic mechanism in which the two substrates Ado and ATP bind the enzyme in a binary and/or ternary complex, with distinct protein conformations.	Adenosine	138-141	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
21109603-4	2011	METHODS AND RESULTS: Whole-genome DNA array hybridization revealed that adenosine induced a set of early genes including the nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1 (NR4A1/Nur77/TR3).	Adenosine	72-81	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	125-172
21109603-4	2011	METHODS AND RESULTS: Whole-genome DNA array hybridization revealed that adenosine induced a set of early genes including the nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1 (NR4A1/Nur77/TR3).	Adenosine	72-81	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	174-179
21109603-4	2011	METHODS AND RESULTS: Whole-genome DNA array hybridization revealed that adenosine induced a set of early genes including the nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1 (NR4A1/Nur77/TR3).	Adenosine	72-81	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	180-185
21109603-4	2011	METHODS AND RESULTS: Whole-genome DNA array hybridization revealed that adenosine induced a set of early genes including the nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1 (NR4A1/Nur77/TR3).	Adenosine	72-81	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	186-189
21109603-6	2011	Real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR confirmed that adenosine and its analogue N-ethyl-carboxamidoadenosine elicited a strong induction of NR4A1.	Adenosine	51-60	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	138-143
21069576-4	2011	We describe a new mutation at codon 443 in the coding region of exon 9 in the MEN1 gene, where a cytosine residue was exchanged for adenosine (TCC > TAC) and, consequently, serine for tyrosine (p.Ser443Tyr; c.1328C > A).	Adenosine	132-141	menin 1	Homo sapiens	78-82
21319802-1	2011	Adenosine kinase (AK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of adenosine (Ado) to AMP by means of a kinetic mechanism in which the two substrates Ado and ATP bind the enzyme in a binary and/or ternary complex, with distinct protein conformations.	Adenosine	138-141	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-20
21319802-1	2011	Adenosine kinase (AK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of adenosine (Ado) to AMP by means of a kinetic mechanism in which the two substrates Ado and ATP bind the enzyme in a binary and/or ternary complex, with distinct protein conformations.	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-20
21319802-1	2011	Adenosine kinase (AK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of adenosine (Ado) to AMP by means of a kinetic mechanism in which the two substrates Ado and ATP bind the enzyme in a binary and/or ternary complex, with distinct protein conformations.	Adenosine	66-69	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
21319802-1	2011	Adenosine kinase (AK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of adenosine (Ado) to AMP by means of a kinetic mechanism in which the two substrates Ado and ATP bind the enzyme in a binary and/or ternary complex, with distinct protein conformations.	Adenosine	66-69	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-20
20518705-7	2011	Reintroduction of oxygen generates reactive oxygen species that activate protein kinase C to increase sensitivity of adenosine A(2b) receptors allowing adenosine released from ischemic cells to bind leading to activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2.	Adenosine	117-126	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	258-299
20842441-3	2011	In present study, we want to determine whether that adenosine pre- and postconditioning have protective effects on sinoatrial node ischemia/reperfusion injury on morphology, arrhythmia score, serological markers (CK-MB and cTnT), SOD activities, MDA levels and expression of HCN4 channels in SA node cells.	Adenosine	52-61	potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4	Oryctolagus cuniculus	275-279
20842441-6	2011	HCN4 immunoreactivity decreased after adenosine pre- and postconditioning, but changes were significantly smaller in the cells of the SA node compared with cells of I/R group.	Adenosine	38-47	potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-4
20698832-0	2011	Adenosine sensitization after angiotensin II stimulation in afferent arterioles from normal rats does not occur during two-kidney, one-clip hypertension.	Adenosine	0-9	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	30-44
21215450-7	2011	In addition, hENT2 activity seems able to restore the reduced adenosine transport in GD.	Adenosine	62-71	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	13-18
20874421-1	2011	The human APOBEC3G (A3G) protein activity obstructs retrovirus infection by inducing mutations of guanosines to adenosines (G   A) in the viral DNA.	Adenosine	112-122	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G	Homo sapiens	10-18
20874421-1	2011	The human APOBEC3G (A3G) protein activity obstructs retrovirus infection by inducing mutations of guanosines to adenosines (G   A) in the viral DNA.	Adenosine	112-122	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G	Homo sapiens	20-23
20947334-4	2011	The adenosine aptamer, including a section of triplex characteristic chain, formatted triplex DNA with two other DNAs (DNA-2, Fc-DNA-3) in the presence of triplex DNA binder coralyne chloride (CORA).	Adenosine	4-13	DNA replication helicase/nuclease 2	Homo sapiens	119-124
21586359-4	2011	In fact, the ADORA(2B) requires higher adenosine concentrations than any of the other adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	39-48	adenosine A2b receptor	Homo sapiens	13-21
21586359-5	2011	However, during conditions of hypoxia or ischemia, the hypoxia-elicited rise in extracellular adenosine is sufficient to activate the ADORA(2B).	Adenosine	94-103	adenosine A2b receptor	Homo sapiens	134-142
21325824-6	2011	Adenosine activated AMPK, to phosphorylate Bcl-X(L).	Adenosine	0-9	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	43-51
20837821-0	2011	Defective mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production in skeletal muscle from patients with dominant optic atrophy due to OPA1 mutations.	Adenosine	24-33	OPA1 mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase	Homo sapiens	126-130
20379781-0	2011	Adenosine postconditioning protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury though modulate production of TNF-alpha and prevents activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	113-122
21325824-10	2011	CONCLUSION: Adenosine activates AMPK, to disrupt mitochondrial membrane potentials through Bcl-X(L) phosphorylation, allowing DIABLO release from the mitochondria, as a factor for caspase-3 activation to induce HuH-7 cell apoptosis.	Adenosine	12-21	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	91-99
21325824-10	2011	CONCLUSION: Adenosine activates AMPK, to disrupt mitochondrial membrane potentials through Bcl-X(L) phosphorylation, allowing DIABLO release from the mitochondria, as a factor for caspase-3 activation to induce HuH-7 cell apoptosis.	Adenosine	12-21	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	180-189
21763644-3	2011	T(reg)-mediated generation of adenosine, dependent on the ectonucleotidase CD39, is an important mechanism for suppression of T-cell responses.	Adenosine	30-39	regenerating family member 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	2-5
21763644-10	2011	In contrast to healthy controls and lupus subjects without the CD39 defect, in SLE subjects with the CD39 defect, adenosine-dependent T(reg)-mediated suppression was nearly absent.	Adenosine	114-123	regenerating family member 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	136-139
21062286-2	2011	Previously, we reported a cascade of homeostatic events, wherein sleep deprivation (SD) induces the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-dependent NO in BF, leading to enhanced release of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	218-227	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	114-145
21062286-2	2011	Previously, we reported a cascade of homeostatic events, wherein sleep deprivation (SD) induces the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-dependent NO in BF, leading to enhanced release of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	218-227	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	147-151
21325824-0	2011	Adenosine activates AMPK to phosphorylate Bcl-XL responsible for mitochondrial damage and DIABLO release in HuH-7 cells.	Adenosine	0-9	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	42-48
21325824-7	2011	Adenosine or AICAR disrupted mitochondrial membrane potentials, and the effect was inhibited by knocking-down AMPKalpha1 and/or AMPKalpha2, expressing dominant negative mutant AMPKalpha2 or mutant Bcl-X(L) lacking Ser/Thr phosphorylation sites.	Adenosine	0-9	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	197-205
22178888-0	2011	Adenosine promotes GATA-2-regulated p53 gene transcription to induce HepG2 cell apoptosis.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	36-39
22178888-4	2011	RESULTS: Extracellular adenosine upregulated expression of the p53 mRNA and protein in HepG2 human hepatoma cells.	Adenosine	23-32	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	63-66
22178888-5	2011	Adenosine induced apoptosis, disrupted mitochondrial membrane potentials, and activated caspase-3, -8 and -9 in HepG2 cells, and those effects were inhibited by silencing the p53-targetd gene.	Adenosine	0-9	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	88-108
22178888-5	2011	Adenosine induced apoptosis, disrupted mitochondrial membrane potentials, and activated caspase-3, -8 and -9 in HepG2 cells, and those effects were inhibited by silencing the p53-targetd gene.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	175-178
22178888-6	2011	In the assay of transcriptional activity using full-length p53 gene promoter and 5" deletion mutants combined with the luciferase reporter vector, adenosine enhanced transcriptional activity for full-length p53 gene promoter, that was prevented by deleting from -240 to -146 bp on the promoter.	Adenosine	147-156	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	59-62
22178888-6	2011	In the assay of transcriptional activity using full-length p53 gene promoter and 5" deletion mutants combined with the luciferase reporter vector, adenosine enhanced transcriptional activity for full-length p53 gene promoter, that was prevented by deleting from -240 to -146 bp on the promoter.	Adenosine	147-156	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	207-210
22178888-7	2011	In the EMSA using a (32)P-labeled DNA probe to detect binding to the putative GATA-2 biding site on the p53 gene promoter, adenosine produced (32)P-positive signals in nuclear extracts from HepG2 cells.	Adenosine	123-132	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	104-107
22178888-9	2011	In the ChIP assay, adenosine increased PCR products for the p53 gene promoter in chromosomal extracts from HepG2 cells, immunoprecipitated using an anti-GATA-2 antibody.	Adenosine	19-28	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	60-63
22178888-10	2011	Adenosine-induced upregulation of the p53 mRNA expression was suppressed by knocking-down GATA-2.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	38-41
22178888-11	2011	CONCLUSION: The results of the present study show that p53 is a transcriptional target of GATA-2 and that adenosine upregulates GATA-2-regulated p53 expression, thereby activating caspase-3, -8, and -9 to induce HepG2 cell apoptosis.	Adenosine	106-115	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	55-58
22178888-11	2011	CONCLUSION: The results of the present study show that p53 is a transcriptional target of GATA-2 and that adenosine upregulates GATA-2-regulated p53 expression, thereby activating caspase-3, -8, and -9 to induce HepG2 cell apoptosis.	Adenosine	106-115	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	145-148
22178888-11	2011	CONCLUSION: The results of the present study show that p53 is a transcriptional target of GATA-2 and that adenosine upregulates GATA-2-regulated p53 expression, thereby activating caspase-3, -8, and -9 to induce HepG2 cell apoptosis.	Adenosine	106-115	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	180-201
20859805-6	2011	Caffeine and theophylline stimulate the secretion of renin by inhibition of adenosine receptors and removal of the general inhibitory brake function of endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	76-85	renin	Homo sapiens	53-58
20379781-2	2011	In the present study we performed to investigate the inflammatory response of adenosine postconditioning on the cardiac TNF-alpha expression and NF-kappaB activation.	Adenosine	78-87	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	120-129
20379781-6	2011	The study also found that modulation of NF-kappaB activation and accordingly reduces inflammatory factor TNF-alpha expression may be a molecular mechanism of adenosine down-regulation of inflammatory cytokine production.	Adenosine	158-167	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	105-114
21966389-0	2011	IL-4 amplifies the pro-inflammatory effect of adenosine in human mast cells by changing expression levels of adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	46-55	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
22174881-1	2011	BACKGROUND: In Arabidopsis, AGO1 and AGO2 associate with small RNAs that exhibit a Uridine and an Adenosine at their 5" end, respectively.	Adenosine	98-107	Stabilizer of iron transporter SufD / Polynucleotidyl transferase	Arabidopsis thaliana	28-32
22174881-1	2011	BACKGROUND: In Arabidopsis, AGO1 and AGO2 associate with small RNAs that exhibit a Uridine and an Adenosine at their 5" end, respectively.	Adenosine	98-107	Argonaute family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	37-41
22073139-7	2011	Interestingly, the selective M(2) muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist methoctramine significantly attenuated the cardioprotective effect of adenosine.	Adenosine	149-158	cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 2	Rattus norvegicus	29-67
21966389-3	2011	Here, we show that human umbilical cord blood -derived mast cells incubated with the Th2 cytokine IL-4 develop increased sensitivity to adenosine.	Adenosine	136-145	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	98-102
21799929-0	2011	Interleukin-6 contributes to inflammation and remodeling in a model of adenosine mediated lung injury.	Adenosine	71-80	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	0-13
21799929-3	2011	Adenosine signaling increases the production of the pro-fibrotic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	74-87
21799929-3	2011	Adenosine signaling increases the production of the pro-fibrotic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	89-93
21799929-4	2011	Based on these observations, we hypothesized that IL-6 signaling contributes to tissue destruction and remodeling in a model of chronic lung disease where adenosine levels are elevated.	Adenosine	155-164	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	50-54
21799929-5	2011	METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We tested this hypothesis by neutralizing or genetically removing IL-6 in adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient mice that develop adenosine dependent pulmonary inflammation and remodeling.	Adenosine	106-115	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	98-102
21799929-7	2011	The pursuit of mechanisms involved revealed adenosine and IL-6 dependent activation of STAT-3 in airway epithelial cells.	Adenosine	44-53	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	87-93
21799929-8	2011	CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that adenosine enhances IL-6 signaling pathways to promote aspects of chronic lung disease.	Adenosine	58-67	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	77-81
20723579-3	2010	Adenosine but not CHA increased lactate production, glucose uptake, GLUT1, LDHA and MCT4 mRNA levels, and stabilized ZO-1 protein at the cell membrane.	Adenosine	0-9	lactate dehydrogenase A	Homo sapiens	75-79
20723579-3	2010	Adenosine but not CHA increased lactate production, glucose uptake, GLUT1, LDHA and MCT4 mRNA levels, and stabilized ZO-1 protein at the cell membrane.	Adenosine	0-9	tight junction protein 1	Homo sapiens	117-121
20980400-6	2010	Additionally, a critical region of the 3" end of the untranslated HIF-1alpha mRNA with possible adenosine-uridine-rich elements (AREs) was coupled to the luciferase reporter gene, causing downregulation of expression.	Adenosine	96-105	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	66-76
21234122-4	2010	Transcriptomics screening of the human mast cell-line HMC-1 revealed a sharp induction of transcriptionally active NR4A2 and NR4A3 by the adenosine analogue NECA.	Adenosine	138-147	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3	Homo sapiens	125-130
20645413-7	2010	Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of P2X7R with brilliant blue G, KN-62, oxATP, and siRNA transfection resulted in a decrease of [(3)H]adenosine uptake, and the uptake was also reduced by low concentration of carbenoxolone and pannexin1 selective peptide blocker (10)panx.	Adenosine	140-149	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	42-47
20716228-2	2010	Adenosine may affect the release of histamine from cutaneous mast cells through a mechanism mediated by the adenosine A3 receptor.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	108-129
20645413-8	2010	Taken together, these results indicate that exogenous NAD(+) is degraded by ectonucleotidases and that adenosine, as its metabolite, is taken up into astrocytes via the P2X7R-associated channel/pore.	Adenosine	103-112	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	169-174
20728214-1	2010	Extracellular adenosine removal is via human equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 (hENT1) and 2 (hENT2) in the endothelium, thus regulating adenosine-induced revascularization and angiogenesis.	Adenosine	14-23	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	100-105
19058880-1	2010	Nitric oxide (NO) produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the cholinergic basal forebrain (BF) during sleep deprivation (SD) is implicated in adenosine (AD) release and induction of recovery sleep.	Adenosine	156-165	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	30-61
19058880-1	2010	Nitric oxide (NO) produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the cholinergic basal forebrain (BF) during sleep deprivation (SD) is implicated in adenosine (AD) release and induction of recovery sleep.	Adenosine	167-169	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	30-61
20728214-1	2010	Extracellular adenosine removal is via human equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 (hENT1) and 2 (hENT2) in the endothelium, thus regulating adenosine-induced revascularization and angiogenesis.	Adenosine	143-152	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	100-105
20826656-1	2010	GluR2 is a subunit of the AMPA receptor, and the adenosine for the Q/R site of its pre-mRNA is converted to inosine (A-to-I conversion) by the enzyme called adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 (ADAR2).	Adenosine	49-58	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1	Mus musculus	157-192
20522203-5	2010	Overall, we may speculate that, in males, higher adenosine levels (conferred by ADA*2) may counteract the higher levels of TNF-alpha (conferred by TNF-alpha*A) in protective model of inheritance.	Adenosine	49-58	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	123-132
20522203-5	2010	Overall, we may speculate that, in males, higher adenosine levels (conferred by ADA*2) may counteract the higher levels of TNF-alpha (conferred by TNF-alpha*A) in protective model of inheritance.	Adenosine	49-58	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	147-156
20826656-1	2010	GluR2 is a subunit of the AMPA receptor, and the adenosine for the Q/R site of its pre-mRNA is converted to inosine (A-to-I conversion) by the enzyme called adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 (ADAR2).	Adenosine	49-58	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1	Mus musculus	194-199
20558731-11	2010	Tr1 induced by COX-2(+) tumor were more suppressive, hydrolyzed more exogenous ATP (p < 0.05), and produced higher levels of adenosine and PGE(2) (p < 0.05) than Tr1 induced by COX-2(-) tumor.	Adenosine	128-137	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	15-20
20543089-0	2010	Contraction-induced secretion of VEGF from skeletal muscle cells is mediated by adenosine.	Adenosine	80-89	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	33-37
20543089-1	2010	The role of adenosine and contraction for secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in skeletal muscle was investigated in human subjects and rat primary skeletal muscle cells.	Adenosine	12-21	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	55-89
20543089-1	2010	The role of adenosine and contraction for secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in skeletal muscle was investigated in human subjects and rat primary skeletal muscle cells.	Adenosine	12-21	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	91-95
20543089-4	2010	The mechanism of VEGF secretion from muscle cells in culture was examined in resting and electrostimulated cells and in response to the adenosine analog NECA and the adenosine A(2A) receptor specific analog CGS-21680.	Adenosine	136-145	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	17-21
20543089-7	2010	The human experiment showed that adenosine infusion enhanced (P < 0.05) the interstitial concentration of VEGF protein approximately fourfold above baseline.	Adenosine	33-42	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	109-113
20543089-11	2010	The results demonstrate that adenosine causes secretion of VEGF from human skeletal muscle cells and that the contraction-induced secretion of VEGF protein is partially mediated via adenosine acting on A(2B) adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	29-38	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	59-63
20543089-11	2010	The results demonstrate that adenosine causes secretion of VEGF from human skeletal muscle cells and that the contraction-induced secretion of VEGF protein is partially mediated via adenosine acting on A(2B) adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	182-191	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	143-147
20633035-4	2010	This review discusses potential RNAi-based targets that are of interest for epilepsy therapy, including adenosine kinase (ADK), the key negative regulator of the brain"s endogenous anticonvulsant adenosine.	Adenosine	104-113	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	122-125
20648650-10	2010	This study indicates that ADK is involved in purine salvage pathways for nucleotide synthesis in the adult cochlea, but its role in the regulation of adenosine signalling under physiological and pathological conditions has yet to be established.	Adenosine	150-159	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
20570675-9	2010	Finally, adenosine-induced potassium currents were also reduced in SSADH KO mice, which could suggest heterologous desensitization of the G-protein dependent effectors, leading to a reduction in G-protein coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channel responses.	Adenosine	9-18	aldhehyde dehydrogenase family 5, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	67-72
20651843-0	2010	Involvement of NF-kappaB activation in the apoptosis induced by extracellular adenosine in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells.	Adenosine	78-87	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	15-24
20648650-2	2010	In most tissues, intracellular adenosine kinase (ADK) is the primary route of adenosine metabolism and the key regulator of intracellular and extracellular adenosine levels.	Adenosine	31-40	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
20648650-2	2010	In most tissues, intracellular adenosine kinase (ADK) is the primary route of adenosine metabolism and the key regulator of intracellular and extracellular adenosine levels.	Adenosine	78-87	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	31-47
20648650-2	2010	In most tissues, intracellular adenosine kinase (ADK) is the primary route of adenosine metabolism and the key regulator of intracellular and extracellular adenosine levels.	Adenosine	78-87	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
20685973-1	2010	Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) is expressed in nociceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, functions as an ectonucleotidase, and generates adenosine extracellularly.	Adenosine	145-154	acid phosphatase, prostate	Mus musculus	0-26
20651843-12	2010	We also found that the apoptotic process triggered by adenosine was involved in G0-G1 cell-cycle arrest, enhanced the activity of caspase-3, upregulated p53 and NF-kappaB p65 expression, and downregulated Bcl-2 expression.	Adenosine	54-63	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	130-139
20651843-12	2010	We also found that the apoptotic process triggered by adenosine was involved in G0-G1 cell-cycle arrest, enhanced the activity of caspase-3, upregulated p53 and NF-kappaB p65 expression, and downregulated Bcl-2 expression.	Adenosine	54-63	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	153-156
20651843-12	2010	We also found that the apoptotic process triggered by adenosine was involved in G0-G1 cell-cycle arrest, enhanced the activity of caspase-3, upregulated p53 and NF-kappaB p65 expression, and downregulated Bcl-2 expression.	Adenosine	54-63	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	161-170
20651843-12	2010	We also found that the apoptotic process triggered by adenosine was involved in G0-G1 cell-cycle arrest, enhanced the activity of caspase-3, upregulated p53 and NF-kappaB p65 expression, and downregulated Bcl-2 expression.	Adenosine	54-63	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	205-210
20651843-14	2010	NF-kappaB may play an anti-apoptosis role in adenosine-induced HepG2 cytotoxicity.	Adenosine	45-54	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	0-9
20063052-0	2010	Adenosine-induced caspase-3 activation by tuning Bcl-XL/DIABLO/IAP expression in HuH-7 human hepatoma cells.	Adenosine	0-9	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	18-27
20063052-0	2010	Adenosine-induced caspase-3 activation by tuning Bcl-XL/DIABLO/IAP expression in HuH-7 human hepatoma cells.	Adenosine	0-9	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	49-55
20063052-0	2010	Adenosine-induced caspase-3 activation by tuning Bcl-XL/DIABLO/IAP expression in HuH-7 human hepatoma cells.	Adenosine	0-9	alkaline phosphatase, intestinal	Homo sapiens	63-66
20063052-1	2010	Extracellular adenosine disrupted mitochondrial membrane potentials in HuH-7 cells, a Fas-deficient human hepatoma cell line, and the effect was inhibited by the adenosine transporter inhibitor dipyridamole or by overexpressing Bcl-X(L).	Adenosine	14-23	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	228-236
20063052-2	2010	Adenosine downregulated the expression of mRNAs and proteins for Bcl-X(L) and inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (IAP2) to directly inhibit caspase-3, -7, and -9, but it otherwise upregulated the expression of mRNA and protein for DIABLO, an inhibitor of IAPs.	Adenosine	0-9	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	65-73
20063052-2	2010	Adenosine downregulated the expression of mRNAs and proteins for Bcl-X(L) and inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (IAP2) to directly inhibit caspase-3, -7, and -9, but it otherwise upregulated the expression of mRNA and protein for DIABLO, an inhibitor of IAPs.	Adenosine	0-9	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	138-159
20063052-4	2010	Caspase-3 and -8 were implicated in adenosine-induced HuH-7 cell death, and adenosine actually activated caspase-3 without caspase-9 activation.	Adenosine	36-45	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	0-16
20063052-4	2010	Caspase-3 and -8 were implicated in adenosine-induced HuH-7 cell death, and adenosine actually activated caspase-3 without caspase-9 activation.	Adenosine	76-85	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	105-114
20063052-6	2010	Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that intracellularly transported adenosine activates caspase-3 by neutralizing caspase-3 inhibition due to IAP as a result of decreased IAP2 expression and reduced IAP activity in response to increased DIABLO expression and perhaps DIABLO release from damaged mitochondria, in addition to caspase-8 activation.	Adenosine	91-100	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	111-120
20063052-6	2010	Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that intracellularly transported adenosine activates caspase-3 by neutralizing caspase-3 inhibition due to IAP as a result of decreased IAP2 expression and reduced IAP activity in response to increased DIABLO expression and perhaps DIABLO release from damaged mitochondria, in addition to caspase-8 activation.	Adenosine	91-100	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	137-146
20063052-6	2010	Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that intracellularly transported adenosine activates caspase-3 by neutralizing caspase-3 inhibition due to IAP as a result of decreased IAP2 expression and reduced IAP activity in response to increased DIABLO expression and perhaps DIABLO release from damaged mitochondria, in addition to caspase-8 activation.	Adenosine	91-100	alkaline phosphatase, intestinal	Homo sapiens	165-168
20063052-6	2010	Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that intracellularly transported adenosine activates caspase-3 by neutralizing caspase-3 inhibition due to IAP as a result of decreased IAP2 expression and reduced IAP activity in response to increased DIABLO expression and perhaps DIABLO release from damaged mitochondria, in addition to caspase-8 activation.	Adenosine	91-100	alkaline phosphatase, intestinal	Homo sapiens	194-197
20587594-6	2010	Antigen-induced chemotaxis, and the ability of antigen to amplify responses mediated by SCF, adenosine and PGE(2) were suppressed following inhibition of PI3K, and were impaired in BMMCs derived from Btk(-/-) mice.	Adenosine	93-102	Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	200-203
20670410-11	2010	Adenosine (80 +/- 9% of baseline) and bradykinin (83 +/- 4% of baseline) induced postconditioning (P < 0.0001 vs control), N-mercaptopropionylglycine abolished the beneficial effects of adenosine and bradykinin (54 +/- 8 and 58 +/- 5% of baseline, respectively).	Adenosine	0-9	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	203-213
20670410-11	2010	Adenosine (80 +/- 9% of baseline) and bradykinin (83 +/- 4% of baseline) induced postconditioning (P < 0.0001 vs control), N-mercaptopropionylglycine abolished the beneficial effects of adenosine and bradykinin (54 +/- 8 and 58 +/- 5% of baseline, respectively).	Adenosine	189-198	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	38-48
20175942-7	2010	Administration of adenosine also increased plasma adiponectin levels, accompanied by upregulation of mRNA expression level of adiponectin and adiponectin receptor 1 in perirenal fat and adiponectin receptor 2 in the liver.	Adenosine	18-27	adiponectin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	142-164
20447390-10	2010	Our results demonstrate that both natural compounds and adenosine analogues are able to reduce promoter methylation and/or induce expression of RAR beta 2 in non-invasive MCF-7 cells.	Adenosine	56-65	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	144-152
20630073-3	2010	The purpose of this study was to asses the association of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) adenosine insertion/deletion polymorphism (-1171 5A->6A) in the MMP-3 promoter region in these lesions.	Adenosine	99-108	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	166-171
20450878-3	2010	Akt phosphorylation in response to nucleotides followed the potency order ATP=UTP=ATPgammaS>>ADP=UDP>ADPbetaS=adenosine, suggesting participation of P2Y(2/4) receptors.	Adenosine	119-128	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
20664064-2	2010	Here, we show that macrophages navigate in a gradient of the chemoattractant C5a through the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and autocrine "purinergic feedback loops" that involve receptors for ATP (P2Y(2)), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (P2Y(12)), and adenosine (A2a, A2b, and A3).	Adenosine	104-113	hemolytic complement	Mus musculus	77-80
20232318-2	2010	Thus, we examined the effect of connexin 43 (Cx43) on the migration and proliferation of embryonic stem (ES) cells and its related signaling pathways following stimulation with the adenosine analogue 5"-N-ethylcarboxamide (NECA).	Adenosine	181-190	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	32-43
20232318-2	2010	Thus, we examined the effect of connexin 43 (Cx43) on the migration and proliferation of embryonic stem (ES) cells and its related signaling pathways following stimulation with the adenosine analogue 5"-N-ethylcarboxamide (NECA).	Adenosine	181-190	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	45-49
19900759-2	2010	In the gene expression assay using a DNA microalley, adenosine upregulated mRNAs for tumor necrosis factor (TNF), TNF receptor 1-associated death domain protein (TRADD), TNF related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2), TRADD/receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), and caspase-9, involving activation of caspase-8 and -9 followed by the effector caspase-3.	Adenosine	53-62	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	409-418
20363896-1	2010	Adenosine via an adenosine A(1) receptor (A(1)R) is a negative feedback inhibitor of adrenergic stimulation in the heart, protecting it from toxic effects of overstimulation.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	17-40
20149782-7	2010	Our results suggest that activation of the A(3)AR signals to suppress neutrophil functions by interfering with the monomeric GTPase Rac, thus contributing to the ant-inflammatory actions of adenosine.	Adenosine	190-199	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	43-49
20149782-7	2010	Our results suggest that activation of the A(3)AR signals to suppress neutrophil functions by interfering with the monomeric GTPase Rac, thus contributing to the ant-inflammatory actions of adenosine.	Adenosine	190-199	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	132-135
19900759-1	2010	Extracellular adenosine-induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells, a human hepatoma cell line, in a concentration (0.1-20mM)- and treatment (24-72h)-dependent manner by activating caspase-3, -8, and -9.	Adenosine	14-23	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	171-192
20408530-1	2010	Adenosine induces glioma cell proliferation by means of an antiapoptotic effect, which is blocked by cotreatment with selective A(3) AR antagonists.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	128-135
20373324-3	2010	Modification of adenosine at the C2" position with a para-carborane cluster (C(2)B(10)H(11)) results in efficient inhibition of platelet function, including aggregation, protein secretion, and P-selectin expression induced by thrombin or ADP.	Adenosine	16-25	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	226-234
19900759-2	2010	In the gene expression assay using a DNA microalley, adenosine upregulated mRNAs for tumor necrosis factor (TNF), TNF receptor 1-associated death domain protein (TRADD), TNF related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2), TRADD/receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), and caspase-9, involving activation of caspase-8 and -9 followed by the effector caspase-3.	Adenosine	53-62	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	85-106
19900759-2	2010	In the gene expression assay using a DNA microalley, adenosine upregulated mRNAs for tumor necrosis factor (TNF), TNF receptor 1-associated death domain protein (TRADD), TNF related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2), TRADD/receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), and caspase-9, involving activation of caspase-8 and -9 followed by the effector caspase-3.	Adenosine	53-62	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	108-111
19900759-2	2010	In the gene expression assay using a DNA microalley, adenosine upregulated mRNAs for tumor necrosis factor (TNF), TNF receptor 1-associated death domain protein (TRADD), TNF related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2), TRADD/receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), and caspase-9, involving activation of caspase-8 and -9 followed by the effector caspase-3.	Adenosine	53-62	TNFRSF1A associated via death domain	Homo sapiens	114-160
19900759-2	2010	In the gene expression assay using a DNA microalley, adenosine upregulated mRNAs for tumor necrosis factor (TNF), TNF receptor 1-associated death domain protein (TRADD), TNF related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2), TRADD/receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), and caspase-9, involving activation of caspase-8 and -9 followed by the effector caspase-3.	Adenosine	53-62	TNFRSF1A associated via death domain	Homo sapiens	162-167
19900759-2	2010	In the gene expression assay using a DNA microalley, adenosine upregulated mRNAs for tumor necrosis factor (TNF), TNF receptor 1-associated death domain protein (TRADD), TNF related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2), TRADD/receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), and caspase-9, involving activation of caspase-8 and -9 followed by the effector caspase-3.	Adenosine	53-62	TNFRSF1A associated via death domain	Homo sapiens	231-236
20032083-0	2010	Nitric oxide reduces SLC29A1 promoter activity and adenosine transport involving transcription factor complex hCHOP-C/EBPalpha in human umbilical vein endothelial cells from gestational diabetes.	Adenosine	51-60	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	110-115
20371826-8	2010	Bidirectional nucleoside transporters (ENT2) appeared to play a key role in the reduction of adenosine uptake.	Adenosine	93-102	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 2	Mus musculus	39-43
20190100-0	2010	Differential AMPK phosphorylation sites associated with phenylephrine vs. antihypertrophic effects of adenosine agonists in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes.	Adenosine	102-111	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	13-17
20357262-10	2010	Stimulation of macrophages with group X sPLA(2) in the presence of adenosine analogs induced a synergistic increase of VEGF-A release and inhibited TNF-alpha production through a cooperation between A(2A) and A(3) receptors.	Adenosine	67-76	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	119-125
20357262-10	2010	Stimulation of macrophages with group X sPLA(2) in the presence of adenosine analogs induced a synergistic increase of VEGF-A release and inhibited TNF-alpha production through a cooperation between A(2A) and A(3) receptors.	Adenosine	67-76	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	148-157
20045081-10	2010	The adenosine-induced barrier enhancement effects were associated with a rearrangement of the EC F-actin component of the cytoskeleton, enhanced cell-surface presentation of cell-cell junctional protein VE-cadherin and an involvement of Myosin-light-chain phosphatase (MLCP).	Adenosine	4-13	cadherin 5	Homo sapiens	203-214
19822392-1	2010	Extracellular adenosine-induced apoptosis of CW2 human colonic cancer cells by activating caspase-3, -8 and -9, and the effect was enhanced by adding EHNA, an adenosine deaminase inhibitor.	Adenosine	14-23	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	90-110
20109537-4	2010	Although, an in vitro study indicates that adenosine inhibits HCRT neurons via A(1) receptor, the in vivo effects of A(1) receptor mediated adenosinergic transmission on PF-LHA neurons including HCRT neurons are not known.	Adenosine	43-52	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
20419059-7	2010	We found that expression of Dam-hERalpha fusion proteins in MCF-7 cells introduces adenosine methylation near a series of known direct hERalpha binding sites.	Adenosine	83-92	Era like 12S mitochondrial rRNA chaperone 1	Homo sapiens	32-40
20419059-7	2010	We found that expression of Dam-hERalpha fusion proteins in MCF-7 cells introduces adenosine methylation near a series of known direct hERalpha binding sites.	Adenosine	83-92	Era like 12S mitochondrial rRNA chaperone 1	Homo sapiens	135-143
20032083-0	2010	Nitric oxide reduces SLC29A1 promoter activity and adenosine transport involving transcription factor complex hCHOP-C/EBPalpha in human umbilical vein endothelial cells from gestational diabetes.	Adenosine	51-60	CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha	Homo sapiens	116-126
20073522-8	2010	Mutation also introduces switching in the adenosine binding subdomain that occurs at a higher frequency than in the catalytic core and which correlates with the rate of product release for M42W-DHFR.	Adenosine	42-51	dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli	193-198
20147632-7	2010	Indeed, we show that chronic exposure of CD8 T lymphocytes to exogenous adenosine accelerates the process of replicative senescence, causing a reduction in overall proliferative potential, reduced telomerase activity, and blunted IL-2 gene transcription.	Adenosine	72-81	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	230-234
20147632-8	2010	The loss of CD28 expression was accelerated, in part due to adenosine-induced increases in constitutive caspase-3, known to act on the CD28 promoter.	Adenosine	60-69	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	104-113
19858205-0	2010	Generation and accumulation of immunosuppressive adenosine by human CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ regulatory T cells.	Adenosine	49-58	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	68-71
19858205-4	2010	Human CD4(+)CD25(high)FOXP3(+) Treg overexpress CD39 and CD73, ectonucleotidases sequentially converting ATP into AMP and adenosine, which then binds to A(2a) receptors on effector T cells, suppressing their functions.	Adenosine	122-131	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	6-9
19858205-5	2010	CD4(+)CD39(+) and CD4(+)CD25(high) T cells express low levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA), the enzyme responsible for adenosine breakdown, and of CD26, a surface-bound glycoprotein associated with ADA.	Adenosine	65-74	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	0-3
19858205-5	2010	CD4(+)CD39(+) and CD4(+)CD25(high) T cells express low levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA), the enzyme responsible for adenosine breakdown, and of CD26, a surface-bound glycoprotein associated with ADA.	Adenosine	65-74	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	18-21
20101614-6	2010	Upon costimulation with low-dose antigen and adenosine, tyrosine phosphorylation of Grb2-associated binder 2, which is located upstream of PI3K-signaling, was significantly increased, but severely diminished in FcRbeta-ITAM mutant cells.	Adenosine	45-54	GRB2 associated binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	84-108
20104904-3	2010	This study evaluated the ability of various non-natural nucleosides that mimic the core structure of adenosine to modulate drug resistance by inhibiting the ATPase activity to P-gp.	Adenosine	101-110	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	176-180
20104904-5	2010	Although 5-CHInd is an adenosine analogue that should block the binding of ATP, the non-natural nucleoside surprisingly stimulates the ATPase activity of P-gp in vitro.	Adenosine	23-32	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	154-158
19859827-1	2010	Adenosine stimulates the release of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor from folliculostellate cells of the anterior pituitary gland indicating that such cells are also involved in the communication between the immune and endocrine systems during stress and inflammation.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	36-49
20039304-4	2010	Previous studies demonstrated that adenosine can suppress IFN-gamma production by iNKT cells.	Adenosine	35-44	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	58-67
19859827-1	2010	Adenosine stimulates the release of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor from folliculostellate cells of the anterior pituitary gland indicating that such cells are also involved in the communication between the immune and endocrine systems during stress and inflammation.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	51-55
19859827-1	2010	Adenosine stimulates the release of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor from folliculostellate cells of the anterior pituitary gland indicating that such cells are also involved in the communication between the immune and endocrine systems during stress and inflammation.	Adenosine	0-9	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	61-95
19878673-8	2010	Like MRS 1191, agonist-based A3AR antagonists applied to native bovine NPE cells inhibited adenosine-triggered shrinkage.	Adenosine	91-100	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	29-33
20067761-0	2010	Adenosine up-regulates vascular endothelial growth factor in human macrophages.	Adenosine	0-9	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	23-57
20067761-3	2010	Adenosine dose-dependently up-regulated VEGF expression and secretion by macrophages from healthy volunteers.	Adenosine	0-9	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	40-44
20067761-4	2010	VEGF production was also increased by blockade of extracellular adenosine uptake with dipyridamole.	Adenosine	64-73	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	0-4
20057051-0	2010	Adenosine binding to low-molecular-weight purine nucleoside phosphorylase: the structural basis for recognition based on its complex with the enzyme from Schistosoma mansoni.	Adenosine	0-9	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	42-73
20057051-5	2010	Furthermore, the first crystal structures of complexes of an LMW PNP with adenosine and adenine are reported, together with those with inosine and hypoxanthine.	Adenosine	74-83	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	65-68
19834107-0	2010	Adenosine modulates HIF-1{alpha}, VEGF, IL-8, and foam cell formation in a human model of hypoxic foam cells.	Adenosine	0-9	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	20-31
19834107-0	2010	Adenosine modulates HIF-1{alpha}, VEGF, IL-8, and foam cell formation in a human model of hypoxic foam cells.	Adenosine	0-9	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	34-38
19834107-0	2010	Adenosine modulates HIF-1{alpha}, VEGF, IL-8, and foam cell formation in a human model of hypoxic foam cells.	Adenosine	0-9	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	40-44
20029210-9	2010	CONCLUSION: A decline in ADA activity and the ensuing increase in intracellular adenosine concentrations for the stomach could induce gastric epithelial cell apoptosis by activating caspase-4 and the effector caspase-3.	Adenosine	80-89	caspase 4	Homo sapiens	182-191
20029210-9	2010	CONCLUSION: A decline in ADA activity and the ensuing increase in intracellular adenosine concentrations for the stomach could induce gastric epithelial cell apoptosis by activating caspase-4 and the effector caspase-3.	Adenosine	80-89	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	209-218
20957068-0	2010	Rapid ischemic tolerance induced by adenosine preconditioning results in Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death (Bim) degradation by the proteasome.	Adenosine	36-45	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	73-78
24089624-5	2010	New research data suggest that the major adenosine regulating enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK) plays a prominent role in determining the brain"s susceptibility to ischemic injury.	Adenosine	41-50	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	69-85
20686955-2	2010	Adenosine kinase (ADK), the major adenosine-regulating enzyme, is critical to adapt its intra- and extra-cellular levels in response to environmental changes.	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
20686955-2	2010	Adenosine kinase (ADK), the major adenosine-regulating enzyme, is critical to adapt its intra- and extra-cellular levels in response to environmental changes.	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-21
20730044-8	2010	This review will focus on the astrocyte-based enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK) as the key regulator of synaptic adenosine.	Adenosine	53-62	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	71-74
21050920-1	2010	The field of therapeutic application of the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) antagonists represents a rapidly growing and intense area of research in the adenosine field.	Adenosine	47-56	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	67-71
24089624-5	2010	New research data suggest that the major adenosine regulating enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK) plays a prominent role in determining the brain"s susceptibility to ischemic injury.	Adenosine	41-50	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	87-90
20730044-9	2010	Astrogliosis - a pathological hallmark of the epileptic brain - leads to overexpression of the adenosine-removing enzyme ADK and therefore to adenosine deficiency.	Adenosine	95-104	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	121-124
24089624-6	2010	Thus, endogenous ADK is rapidly downregulated following a stroke, possibly an endogenous neuroprotective mechanism aimed at raising ambient levels of adenosine in brain.	Adenosine	150-159	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	17-20
20027290-0	2009	Tandem ChoRE and CCAAT motifs and associated factors regulate Txnip expression in response to glucose or adenosine-containing molecules.	Adenosine	105-114	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	62-67
20027290-2	2009	The expression of Txnip is known to be induced by glucose, adenosine-containing molecules, and other physiological cues; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive.	Adenosine	59-68	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	18-23
19683936-14	2009	CONCLUSION: Compared with simple cold blood cardioplegia in heart valve replacement patients, ADO pretreatment as an adjunct to 1 mmol l(-1) ADO cold blood cardioplegia may reduce cTnI, IL-6 and IL-8 release, resulting in reduced myocardial injury in ultrastructure after surgery.	Adenosine	94-97	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	186-190
20000640-1	2009	In this paper, a bifunctional electrochemical biosensor for highly sensitive detection of small molecule (adenosine) or protein (lysozyme) was developed.	Adenosine	106-115	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	129-137
19683936-14	2009	CONCLUSION: Compared with simple cold blood cardioplegia in heart valve replacement patients, ADO pretreatment as an adjunct to 1 mmol l(-1) ADO cold blood cardioplegia may reduce cTnI, IL-6 and IL-8 release, resulting in reduced myocardial injury in ultrastructure after surgery.	Adenosine	94-97	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	195-199
19807110-5	2009	Under optimized conditions, this label-free method exhibits detection limits of 4 nM for Pb(2+) and 3.4 muM for adenosine, which are even lower than those of the corresponding labeled-DNAzyme and aptamer sensors.	Adenosine	112-121	latexin	Homo sapiens	104-107
19749080-2	2009	Among its various actions, adenosine suppresses the production of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, through the cAMP-elevating A(2A) adenosine receptor (AR) subtype.	Adenosine	27-36	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	102-135
19846878-0	2009	Adenosine blocks IFN-gamma-induced phosphorylation of STAT1 on serine 727 to reduce macrophage activation.	Adenosine	0-9	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	17-26
19846878-4	2009	We hypothesized that adenosine achieves these protective effects by interrupting IFN-gamma signaling in activated macrophages.	Adenosine	21-30	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	81-90
19846878-5	2009	This investigation demonstrates that adding adenosine to IFN-gamma-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 and human THP-1 macrophages results in unique modulation of STAT1 serine and tyrosine phosphorylation events.	Adenosine	44-53	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	57-66
19846878-5	2009	This investigation demonstrates that adding adenosine to IFN-gamma-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 and human THP-1 macrophages results in unique modulation of STAT1 serine and tyrosine phosphorylation events.	Adenosine	44-53	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	105-110
19846878-6	2009	We show that adenosine inhibits IFN-gamma-induced STAT1 S727 phosphorylation by >30% and phosphoserine-mediated transcriptional activity by 58% but has no effect on phosphorylation of Y701 or receptor-associated JAK tyrosine kinases.	Adenosine	13-22	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	32-41
19846878-9	2009	These data suggest that A(3) receptor signaling is key to adenosine-mediated STAT1 modulation and anti-inflammatory action in IFN-gamma-activated mouse and human macrophages.	Adenosine	58-67	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	126-135
19846878-10	2009	Because STAT1 plays a key role in IFN-gamma-induced inflammation and foam cell transformation, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying STAT1 deactivation by adenosine may improve preventative and therapeutic approaches to vascular disease.	Adenosine	169-178	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	34-43
19539610-0	2009	Regulation of serotonin transporter activity by adenosine in intestinal epithelial cells.	Adenosine	48-57	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	14-35
19539610-5	2009	Since the modulation of SERT by adenosine in the intestine remains unknown, the aim of the present work was to study the effect of adenosine on SERT activity and expression and to determine the molecular mechanism involved.	Adenosine	32-41	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	24-28
19539610-5	2009	Since the modulation of SERT by adenosine in the intestine remains unknown, the aim of the present work was to study the effect of adenosine on SERT activity and expression and to determine the molecular mechanism involved.	Adenosine	131-140	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	144-148
19539610-7	2009	The results show that adenosine diminishes SERT activity in both the apical and basal membranes by acting in the intrinsic molecule with no alteration of either SERT mRNA or protein levels.	Adenosine	22-31	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	43-47
19539610-10	2009	Adenosine effects are reached at high concentrations, which suggests that adenosine modulation of SERT may be significant under conditions of inflammation and tissue injury.	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	98-102
19539610-10	2009	Adenosine effects are reached at high concentrations, which suggests that adenosine modulation of SERT may be significant under conditions of inflammation and tissue injury.	Adenosine	74-83	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	98-102
19845893-4	2009	Since adenosine inhibits the expression of TNF-alpha, two functional polymorphisms in genes encoding enzymes participating in adenosine metabolism, i.e. AMP deaminase-1 (AMPD1, C34T) and adenosine deaminase (ADA, G22A), were analyzed.	Adenosine	6-15	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	43-52
19845893-4	2009	Since adenosine inhibits the expression of TNF-alpha, two functional polymorphisms in genes encoding enzymes participating in adenosine metabolism, i.e. AMP deaminase-1 (AMPD1, C34T) and adenosine deaminase (ADA, G22A), were analyzed.	Adenosine	126-135	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	43-52
19825957-11	2009	The increased frequency and enzymatic activity of CD4(+)CD39(+) cells corresponded to increased adenosine-mediated suppression of effector T cells, which was partly inhibited by ARL67156, an ectonucleotidase inhibitor, and by ZM241385, a selective A(2a)/A(2b) receptor antagonist.	Adenosine	96-105	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	50-53
19485894-6	2009	However, it is well established that adenosine stimulates adenosine receptors triggering expression of angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).	Adenosine	37-46	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	130-164
19703146-0	2009	Endogenous adenosine down-modulates mid-trimester intraamniotic tumor necrosis factor-alpha production.	Adenosine	11-20	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	64-91
19737558-0	2009	Adenosine mediates transforming growth factor-beta 1 release in kidney glomeruli of diabetic rats.	Adenosine	0-9	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-52
19737558-4	2009	Ex vivo assays indicate that activation of the low affinity adenosine A2B receptor subtype (A2BAR) mediates TGF-beta1 release from glomeruli of diabetic rats, a pathogenic event that could support progression of glomerulopathy when the bioavailability of adenosine is increased.	Adenosine	60-69	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	108-117
19485894-6	2009	However, it is well established that adenosine stimulates adenosine receptors triggering expression of angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).	Adenosine	37-46	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	166-170
19707555-7	2009	These studies demonstrated dose-dependent slowing of the heart rate with adenosine treatment in wild-type, A2AAR(-/-), A2BAR(-/-), or A3AR(-/-) mice.	Adenosine	73-82	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	134-138
19740334-7	2009	Further analysis of the underlying mechanisms demonstrated that adenosine prevented rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of the key kinase ZAP-70 as well as Akt and ERK1/2 in naive alphaCD3/CD28-stimulated CD8 cells.	Adenosine	64-73	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	151-154
19667946-0	2009	Extracorporeal photophoresis augments function of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells by triggering adenosine production.	Adenosine	99-108	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	50-53
19450601-4	2009	The CD4(+)CD39(+) T cells catalyze cleavage of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine monophosphate (AMP), which is then further cleaved to adenosine.	Adenosine	47-56	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	4-7
19141138-0	2009	Angiotensin II enhances the afferent arteriolar response to adenosine through increases in cytosolic calcium.	Adenosine	60-69	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	0-14
19141138-2	2009	We hypothesized that Ang II at low concentrations enhances the vasoconstrictor effect of adenosine (Ado), the mediator of TGF.	Adenosine	89-98	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	21-27
19141138-2	2009	We hypothesized that Ang II at low concentrations enhances the vasoconstrictor effect of adenosine (Ado), the mediator of TGF.	Adenosine	100-103	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	21-27
19141138-5	2009	Ang II at 10(-12), 10(-10) and 10(-8) m clearly enhanced the arteriolar response to cumulative applications of Ado (10(-11) to 10(-4) M).	Adenosine	111-114	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	0-6
19141138-7	2009	Simultaneously applied Ang II (10(-10) M) additively enhanced the calcium transients induced by 10(-8) and 10(-5) M Ado.	Adenosine	116-119	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	23-29
19141138-9	2009	CONCLUSION: A low dose of Ang II enhances Ado-induced constrictions, partly via AT(1) receptor-mediated calcium increase.	Adenosine	42-45	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	26-32
19141138-11	2009	The potentiating effect of Ang II on Ado-induced arteriolar vasoconstrictions may involve calcium sensitization of the contractile machinery, as Ang II only additively increased cytosolic calcium concentrations, while its effect on the arteriolar constriction was more than additive.	Adenosine	37-40	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	27-33
19141138-11	2009	The potentiating effect of Ang II on Ado-induced arteriolar vasoconstrictions may involve calcium sensitization of the contractile machinery, as Ang II only additively increased cytosolic calcium concentrations, while its effect on the arteriolar constriction was more than additive.	Adenosine	37-40	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	145-151
19428218-6	2009	To meet the therapeutic goal of focal adenosine augmentation, genetic disruption of the adenosine metabolizing enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK) in rodent and human cells was used as a molecular strategy to induce adenosine release from cellular brain implants, which demonstrated antiepileptic and neuroprotective properties.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	118-134
19428218-6	2009	To meet the therapeutic goal of focal adenosine augmentation, genetic disruption of the adenosine metabolizing enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK) in rodent and human cells was used as a molecular strategy to induce adenosine release from cellular brain implants, which demonstrated antiepileptic and neuroprotective properties.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	136-139
19428218-6	2009	To meet the therapeutic goal of focal adenosine augmentation, genetic disruption of the adenosine metabolizing enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK) in rodent and human cells was used as a molecular strategy to induce adenosine release from cellular brain implants, which demonstrated antiepileptic and neuroprotective properties.	Adenosine	88-97	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	118-134
19428218-6	2009	To meet the therapeutic goal of focal adenosine augmentation, genetic disruption of the adenosine metabolizing enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK) in rodent and human cells was used as a molecular strategy to induce adenosine release from cellular brain implants, which demonstrated antiepileptic and neuroprotective properties.	Adenosine	88-97	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	136-139
19428218-6	2009	To meet the therapeutic goal of focal adenosine augmentation, genetic disruption of the adenosine metabolizing enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK) in rodent and human cells was used as a molecular strategy to induce adenosine release from cellular brain implants, which demonstrated antiepileptic and neuroprotective properties.	Adenosine	88-97	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	118-134
19428218-6	2009	To meet the therapeutic goal of focal adenosine augmentation, genetic disruption of the adenosine metabolizing enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK) in rodent and human cells was used as a molecular strategy to induce adenosine release from cellular brain implants, which demonstrated antiepileptic and neuroprotective properties.	Adenosine	88-97	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	136-139
19584680-6	2009	RESULTS: A single injection of adenosine at the time of transplantation ameliorated hyperglycemia of diabetic mice receiving 200 syngenic islets with suppression of interferon (IFN)-gamma production of hepatic NKT cells and neutrophils, while that of control did not.	Adenosine	31-40	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	165-187
19584680-7	2009	The IFN-gamma production of NKT cells and neutrophils in the liver of mice treated with alpha-galactosylceramide, a synthetic ligand of NKT cells was suppressed by adenosine.	Adenosine	164-173	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	4-13
19584680-9	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Adenosine suppresses the NKT cell-mediated IFN-gamma production of neutrophils in the liver of mice receiving islets, thus leading to prevention of early loss of transplanted syngenic and allogenic islets.	Adenosine	13-22	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	56-65
19282092-1	2009	Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase (PNP) catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of N-glycosidic bonds of purine nucleosides and deoxynucleosides, except for adenosine, to generate ribose 1-phosphate and the purine base.	Adenosine	155-164	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	33-36
19229593-1	2009	Adenosine deaminase (ADA; EC 3.5.4.4) is a purine catabolic enzyme causing hydrolytic deamination of adenosine and 2"-deoxyadenosine to inosine and 2"-deoxyinosine.	Adenosine	101-110	adenosine deaminase	Gallus gallus	0-19
19229593-1	2009	Adenosine deaminase (ADA; EC 3.5.4.4) is a purine catabolic enzyme causing hydrolytic deamination of adenosine and 2"-deoxyadenosine to inosine and 2"-deoxyinosine.	Adenosine	101-110	adenosine deaminase	Gallus gallus	21-24
19509406-6	2009	Here, we show that p110gamma needs p84 to relay signals from GPCRs to formation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3)], phosphorylation of Akt, migration of cells, and synergistic adenosine-enforced degranulation.	Adenosine	205-214	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12C	Homo sapiens	35-38
19297449-4	2009	Transepithelial fluxes of adenosine were mediated from apical-to-basolateral sides by apical hCNT3 and basolateral hENT2, whereas transepithelial fluxes of 2"-deoxyadenosine were mediated from basolateral-to-apical sides by apical hENT1 and basolateral human organic anion transporters (hOATs).	Adenosine	26-35	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	115-120
19297449-7	2009	Collectively, this evidence suggested that apical hCNT3 and basolateral hENT2 are involved in proximal tubular reabsorption of adenosine and some nucleoside drugs and that apical hENT1 and basolateral hOATs are involved in proximal tubular secretion of 2"-deoxyadenosine.	Adenosine	127-136	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	72-77
19193655-9	2009	TGF-beta1 reduced hENT1-mediated adenosine transport, hENT1 protein abundance, hENT1 mRNA expression, and SLC29A1 gene promoter activity, but increased Sp1 binding to DNA.	Adenosine	33-42	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-9
19246513-0	2009	Adenosine-containing molecules amplify glucose signaling and enhance txnip expression.	Adenosine	0-9	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	69-74
19193655-2	2009	hENT1-mediated adenosine transport and expression are reduced in gestational diabetes and hyperglycaemia, conditions associated with increased synthesis and release of nitric oxide (NO) and TGF-beta1 in this cell type.	Adenosine	15-24	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	190-199
19427686-8	2009	Furthermore, we show that the impaired adhesion of effector T cells to inflamed endothelium was induced by adenosine-mediated downregulation of expression of E- and P-selectin on the vascular endothelium.	Adenosine	107-116	selectin, platelet	Mus musculus	165-175
19194991-2	2009	This study examined the effects of adenosine on interleukin (IL)-6 expression and its related signal pathways in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells.	Adenosine	35-44	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	48-66
19194991-3	2009	In this study, the adenosine analogue 5"-N-ethylcarboxamide (NECA) increased IL-6 protein expression level.	Adenosine	19-28	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	77-81
19246513-5	2009	Max-like protein X and MondoA are transcription factors previously shown to stimulate glucose-dependent Txnip expression and are shown here to convey stimulatory signals from extracellular adenosine-containing molecules to the Txnip promoter.	Adenosine	189-198	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	104-109
19246513-5	2009	Max-like protein X and MondoA are transcription factors previously shown to stimulate glucose-dependent Txnip expression and are shown here to convey stimulatory signals from extracellular adenosine-containing molecules to the Txnip promoter.	Adenosine	189-198	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	227-232
19246513-3	2009	In this report, we show that the transcription of the Txnip gene is induced by adenosine-containing molecules, of which an intact adenosine moiety is necessary and sufficient.	Adenosine	79-88	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	54-59
19246513-3	2009	In this report, we show that the transcription of the Txnip gene is induced by adenosine-containing molecules, of which an intact adenosine moiety is necessary and sufficient.	Adenosine	130-139	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	54-59
19297320-0	2009	Adenosine signaling mediates SUMO-1 modification of IkappaBalpha during hypoxia and reoxygenation.	Adenosine	0-9	small ubiquitin-like modifier 1	Mus musculus	29-35
19241145-4	2009	Adenosine acting at A(3) receptors can attenuate the rise in calcium and death accompanying P2X(7) receptor activation, suggesting that dephosphorylation of ATP into adenosine is neuroprotective and that the balance of extracellular purines can influence neuronal survival.	Adenosine	0-9	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	92-107
19241145-4	2009	Adenosine acting at A(3) receptors can attenuate the rise in calcium and death accompanying P2X(7) receptor activation, suggesting that dephosphorylation of ATP into adenosine is neuroprotective and that the balance of extracellular purines can influence neuronal survival.	Adenosine	166-175	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	92-107
19297320-0	2009	Adenosine signaling mediates SUMO-1 modification of IkappaBalpha during hypoxia and reoxygenation.	Adenosine	0-9	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha	Mus musculus	52-64
19297320-4	2009	We describe a mechanistic model by which adenosine (Ado) signaling results in significant accumulation of SUMO-1 modified IkappaBalpha with subsequent attenuation of NFkappaB activation.	Adenosine	41-50	small ubiquitin-like modifier 1	Mus musculus	106-112
19297320-4	2009	We describe a mechanistic model by which adenosine (Ado) signaling results in significant accumulation of SUMO-1 modified IkappaBalpha with subsequent attenuation of NFkappaB activation.	Adenosine	41-50	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha	Mus musculus	122-134
19297320-4	2009	We describe a mechanistic model by which adenosine (Ado) signaling results in significant accumulation of SUMO-1 modified IkappaBalpha with subsequent attenuation of NFkappaB activation.	Adenosine	41-50	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	166-174
19297320-4	2009	We describe a mechanistic model by which adenosine (Ado) signaling results in significant accumulation of SUMO-1 modified IkappaBalpha with subsequent attenuation of NFkappaB activation.	Adenosine	52-55	small ubiquitin-like modifier 1	Mus musculus	106-112
19297320-4	2009	We describe a mechanistic model by which adenosine (Ado) signaling results in significant accumulation of SUMO-1 modified IkappaBalpha with subsequent attenuation of NFkappaB activation.	Adenosine	52-55	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha	Mus musculus	122-134
19297320-4	2009	We describe a mechanistic model by which adenosine (Ado) signaling results in significant accumulation of SUMO-1 modified IkappaBalpha with subsequent attenuation of NFkappaB activation.	Adenosine	52-55	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	166-174
19154428-8	2009	Inhibition by ADPbetaS was prevented by MRS 2179 (2"-deoxy-N(6)-methyl adenosine 3",5"-diphosphate diammonium salt, a selective P2Y(1) antagonist); blockade of ADP inhibition required co-application of MRS 2179 plus adenosine deaminase (which inactivates endogenous adenosine).	Adenosine	71-80	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Rattus norvegicus	128-134
19208896-3	2009	Concentrations of exogenous adenosine >or= 1.0 microM stimulated gastric release of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI), and this effect was blocked by the A(2A) receptor antagonist ZM 241385 [4-(2-[7-amino-2-(2-furyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[2,3-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-ylamino]ethyl)phenol].	Adenosine	28-37	SHC (Src homology 2 domain containing) transforming protein 2	Mus musculus	87-121
19208896-3	2009	Concentrations of exogenous adenosine >or= 1.0 microM stimulated gastric release of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI), and this effect was blocked by the A(2A) receptor antagonist ZM 241385 [4-(2-[7-amino-2-(2-furyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[2,3-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-ylamino]ethyl)phenol].	Adenosine	28-37	SHC (Src homology 2 domain containing) transforming protein 2	Mus musculus	123-126
19208896-4	2009	The A(2A) receptor agonist CGS 21680 [2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine hydrochloride] augmented SLI release in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that A(2A) receptor activation is involved in the stimulatory effect of adenosine on SLI release.	Adenosine	94-103	SHC (Src homology 2 domain containing) transforming protein 2	Mus musculus	129-132
19208896-5	2009	Conversely, SLI release was inhibited by the A(1) receptor agonists N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine and 2-chloro-N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine and lower concentration of adenosine (0.01 microM).	Adenosine	84-93	SHC (Src homology 2 domain containing) transforming protein 2	Mus musculus	12-15
19208896-7	2009	In these mice, adenosine (10 microM) inhibited SLI release, and the effect was abolished by the selective A(1) receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, suggesting a link between the selective A(1) activation and inhibition of SLI release.	Adenosine	15-24	SHC (Src homology 2 domain containing) transforming protein 2	Mus musculus	47-50
19208896-7	2009	In these mice, adenosine (10 microM) inhibited SLI release, and the effect was abolished by the selective A(1) receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, suggesting a link between the selective A(1) activation and inhibition of SLI release.	Adenosine	15-24	SHC (Src homology 2 domain containing) transforming protein 2	Mus musculus	241-244
19185336-0	2009	Adenosine inhibition of adenosine diphosphate and thrombin-induced monocyte-platelet aggregates in cardiac syndrome X.	Adenosine	0-9	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	50-58
19185336-7	2009	Compared to controls, ADP induced a higher increase in MONO-PLT aggregates in CSX patients (P < 0.01), which was significantly inhibited by adenosine (P < 0.01).	Adenosine	143-152	NK2 homeobox 5	Homo sapiens	78-81
19185336-8	2009	Thrombin also induced a greater increase in MONO-PLT aggregates in CSX patients (P < 0.001), which was also significantly blunted by adenosine.	Adenosine	136-145	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	0-8
19185336-8	2009	Thrombin also induced a greater increase in MONO-PLT aggregates in CSX patients (P < 0.001), which was also significantly blunted by adenosine.	Adenosine	136-145	NK2 homeobox 5	Homo sapiens	67-70
19185336-11	2009	Pre-incubation with adenosine reduces the agonist-induced platelet hyper-reactivity in these patients, suggesting that adenosine may be involved in the reduction of platelet reactivity observed in CSX patients after exercise in our previous study.	Adenosine	20-29	NK2 homeobox 5	Homo sapiens	197-200
19185336-11	2009	Pre-incubation with adenosine reduces the agonist-induced platelet hyper-reactivity in these patients, suggesting that adenosine may be involved in the reduction of platelet reactivity observed in CSX patients after exercise in our previous study.	Adenosine	119-128	NK2 homeobox 5	Homo sapiens	197-200
19305421-4	2009	RESULTS: Adenosine inhibited the high DHO-affinity pump current (I(h)) in a concentration-dependent manner, which was blocked by the selective adenosine A(1) receptor antagonist DPCPX and the general protein kinase C (PKC) antagonists staurosporine, GF 109203X or the specific delta isoform antagonist rottlerin.	Adenosine	9-18	adenosine receptor A1	Cavia porcellus	143-166
19200339-3	2009	We therefore evaluated the influence of adenosine upon the GABA transporter 1 (GAT-1) mediated GABA uptake into hippocampal synaptosomes.	Adenosine	40-49	solute carrier family 6 member 1	Homo sapiens	59-77
19200339-3	2009	We therefore evaluated the influence of adenosine upon the GABA transporter 1 (GAT-1) mediated GABA uptake into hippocampal synaptosomes.	Adenosine	40-49	solute carrier family 6 member 1	Homo sapiens	79-84
19332320-4	2009	To meet the therapeutic goal of focal adenosine augmentation, genetic disruption of the adenosine metabolizing enzyme, adenosine kinase (ADK) in rodent cells was used as a molecular strategy to induce adenosine release from cellular brain implants, which demonstrated antiepileptic and neuroprotective properties.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	119-135
19332320-4	2009	To meet the therapeutic goal of focal adenosine augmentation, genetic disruption of the adenosine metabolizing enzyme, adenosine kinase (ADK) in rodent cells was used as a molecular strategy to induce adenosine release from cellular brain implants, which demonstrated antiepileptic and neuroprotective properties.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	137-140
19332320-4	2009	To meet the therapeutic goal of focal adenosine augmentation, genetic disruption of the adenosine metabolizing enzyme, adenosine kinase (ADK) in rodent cells was used as a molecular strategy to induce adenosine release from cellular brain implants, which demonstrated antiepileptic and neuroprotective properties.	Adenosine	88-97	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	119-135
19332320-4	2009	To meet the therapeutic goal of focal adenosine augmentation, genetic disruption of the adenosine metabolizing enzyme, adenosine kinase (ADK) in rodent cells was used as a molecular strategy to induce adenosine release from cellular brain implants, which demonstrated antiepileptic and neuroprotective properties.	Adenosine	88-97	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	137-140
19332320-4	2009	To meet the therapeutic goal of focal adenosine augmentation, genetic disruption of the adenosine metabolizing enzyme, adenosine kinase (ADK) in rodent cells was used as a molecular strategy to induce adenosine release from cellular brain implants, which demonstrated antiepileptic and neuroprotective properties.	Adenosine	88-97	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	119-135
19332320-4	2009	To meet the therapeutic goal of focal adenosine augmentation, genetic disruption of the adenosine metabolizing enzyme, adenosine kinase (ADK) in rodent cells was used as a molecular strategy to induce adenosine release from cellular brain implants, which demonstrated antiepileptic and neuroprotective properties.	Adenosine	88-97	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	137-140
19332320-7	2009	Lentiviral knockdown of ADK induced therapeutic adenosine release in human mesenchymal stem cells, which reduced acute injury and seizures, as well as chronic seizures, when grafted into the mouse hippocampus.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	24-27
18697806-3	2009	Baseline and adenosine-induced (140 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) hyperaemic MBF was analysed according to a three-coronary-artery-territory model.	Adenosine	13-22	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	54-60
19095736-5	2009	However, when PBMC were stimulated with IFN-alpha, adenosine did not decrease, but synergistically increased, the IFN-gamma production of NK cells.	Adenosine	51-60	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	40-49
19095736-5	2009	However, when PBMC were stimulated with IFN-alpha, adenosine did not decrease, but synergistically increased, the IFN-gamma production of NK cells.	Adenosine	51-60	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	114-123
19095736-7	2009	Thus, our data suggest that adenosine differentially contributes to the regulation of immune responses during inflammatory processes: It may increase effector functions of NK cells in combination with IFN-alpha but also prevents overwhelming immune responses by inhibiting proliferation and induction of apoptosis of activated lymphoid cells.	Adenosine	28-37	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	201-210
19154428-3	2009	KEY RESULTS: ATP was primarily metabolized via ecto-ATPDase (adenosine 5"-triphosphate diphosphohydrolase) into AMP, which was then dephosphorylated into adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	61-70	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-59
19507259-0	2009	Enhanced IFNgamma production in adenosine-treated CHO cells: a mechanistic study.	Adenosine	32-41	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	9-17
19507259-4	2009	Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing human interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) were treated with 1 mM adenosine on Day 2 of culture.	Adenosine	102-111	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	51-67
19507259-4	2009	Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing human interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) were treated with 1 mM adenosine on Day 2 of culture.	Adenosine	102-111	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	69-77
19375644-2	2009	Macrophages are a major source of TNF-alpha, the level of which is known to be regulated by adenosine.	Adenosine	92-101	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	34-43
19375644-7	2009	CONCLUSION: We identified a significant role for the A2bAR in the regulation of TNF-alpha, which would contribute to the anti-inflammatory actions of adenosine under vascular stress.	Adenosine	150-159	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	80-89
19217263-0	2009	Human mesenchymal stem cell grafts engineered to release adenosine reduce chronic seizures in a mouse model of CA3-selective epileptogenesis.	Adenosine	57-66	carbonic anhydrase 3	Mus musculus	111-114
19256508-1	2009	The design and synthesis of novel adenosine-derived inhibitors of HSP70, guided by modeling and X-ray crystallographic structures of these compounds in complex with HSC70/BAG-1, is described.	Adenosine	34-43	BAG cochaperone 1	Homo sapiens	171-176
19095736-0	2009	Adenosine and IFN-{alpha} synergistically increase IFN-gamma production of human NK cells.	Adenosine	0-9	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	51-60
19188511-4	2009	These experiments identified P2Y1, P2Y2, and possibly P2Y4 as the purinergic receptors involved in eNOS phosphorylation and demonstrated that this process was adenosine independent.	Adenosine	159-168	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y4	Homo sapiens	54-58
19188511-4	2009	These experiments identified P2Y1, P2Y2, and possibly P2Y4 as the purinergic receptors involved in eNOS phosphorylation and demonstrated that this process was adenosine independent.	Adenosine	159-168	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	99-103
18957298-0	2009	Astrocytic adenosine kinase regulates basal synaptic adenosine levels and seizure activity but not activity-dependent adenosine release in the hippocampus.	Adenosine	53-62	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	11-27
19105964-9	2009	Functional studies using RNA interference showed that loss of epithelial ENT2 was associated with reduced adenosine uptake in vitro, whereas pharmacologic inhibition of ENT2 attenuated hypoxia-induced inflammation of the mucosa in vivo.	Adenosine	106-115	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 2	Mus musculus	73-77
19105964-10	2009	CONCLUSIONS: HIF-1alpha-dependent repression of ENT2 increases mucosal adenosine signaling and attenuates hypoxia-associated inflammation of the intestine.	Adenosine	71-80	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 2	Mus musculus	48-52
19107762-8	2009	Also evident was the association between cancer susceptibility and the variant rs212090 genotype (adenosine/thymidine [A/T] + T/T) of ABCC1 (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.03-1.83).	Adenosine	98-107	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1	Homo sapiens	134-139
18803308-7	2009	Adenosine and neurohormones also have opposite actions on the efflux of taurine, a local messenger that is released by pituicytes in hypotonic conditions and accordingly inhibits vasopressin output from axon terminals.	Adenosine	0-9	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	179-190
18803308-8	2009	As adenosine is likely generated from endogenous ATP co-released with neurohormones and broken down by local ectoATPases, these data suggest a subtle balance between a positive and a negative feedback on vasopressin output operated, respectively, by adenosine and vasopressin to maintain hydromineral homeostasis.	Adenosine	3-12	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	204-215
18803308-8	2009	As adenosine is likely generated from endogenous ATP co-released with neurohormones and broken down by local ectoATPases, these data suggest a subtle balance between a positive and a negative feedback on vasopressin output operated, respectively, by adenosine and vasopressin to maintain hydromineral homeostasis.	Adenosine	3-12	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	264-275
18803308-8	2009	As adenosine is likely generated from endogenous ATP co-released with neurohormones and broken down by local ectoATPases, these data suggest a subtle balance between a positive and a negative feedback on vasopressin output operated, respectively, by adenosine and vasopressin to maintain hydromineral homeostasis.	Adenosine	250-259	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	204-215
18957298-3	2009	One of these is the intracellular enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK), which phosphorylates adenosine to AMP.	Adenosine	41-50	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	59-62
18957298-4	2009	We have investigated the role that ADK plays in regulating the presence and effects of extracellular adenosine in area CA1 of rat hippocampal slices.	Adenosine	101-110	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
18957298-5	2009	Inhibition of ADK activity with 5"-iodotubercidin (IODO; 5 muM) raised extracellular adenosine, as measured with adenosine biosensors, and potently inhibited field excitatory post-synaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in an adenosine A(1)R-dependent manner.	Adenosine	85-94	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	14-17
18957298-5	2009	Inhibition of ADK activity with 5"-iodotubercidin (IODO; 5 muM) raised extracellular adenosine, as measured with adenosine biosensors, and potently inhibited field excitatory post-synaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in an adenosine A(1)R-dependent manner.	Adenosine	113-122	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	14-17
18957298-10	2009	On the basis of strong ADK immunoreactivity in GFAP-positive cells, astrocytes are likely to play a key role in regulating basal adenosine levels.	Adenosine	129-138	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	23-26
18957298-11	2009	It is this action of ADK on the basal adenosine tone that is permissive to seizure activity, and, by extension, other forms of activity-dependent neuronal activity such as synaptic plasticity.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	21-24
18987286-7	2009	Adenosine (10(-8) mol/l) enhanced the ANG II response in wild type, but not in NOX2(-/-).	Adenosine	0-9	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	38-44
19738938-0	2009	Effect of insulin and glucose on adenosine metabolizing enzymes in human B lymphocytes.	Adenosine	33-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	10-17
19738938-2	2009	Our study was undertaken to investigate the effect of different glucose and insulin concentrations on activities of adenosine metabolizing enzymes in human B lymphocytes line SKW 6.4.	Adenosine	116-125	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
19738938-9	2009	Concluding, our study demonstrates that glucose and insulin differentially affect the activities of adenosine metabolizing enzymes in human B lymphocytes, but changes in those activities do not correlate with the adenosine level in cell media during accelerated ATP catabolism, implying that nucleoside transport is the primary factor determining the extracellular level of adenosine.	Adenosine	100-109	insulin	Homo sapiens	52-59
19076726-5	2009	The sensitivity of CTL to adenosine analogues was characterized by cAMP induction, interferon-gamma production and cytotoxicity.	Adenosine	26-35	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	83-99
20069048-0	2009	The Impact of Adenosine Fast Induction of Myocardial Arrest during CABG on Myocardial Expression of Apoptosis-Regulating Genes Bax and Bcl-2.	Adenosine	14-23	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	127-130
20069048-0	2009	The Impact of Adenosine Fast Induction of Myocardial Arrest during CABG on Myocardial Expression of Apoptosis-Regulating Genes Bax and Bcl-2.	Adenosine	14-23	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	135-140
20069048-10	2009	After the adenosine treatment, the expression of both bax (0.52 versus 0.59, P = .4) and bcl-2 (0.104 versus 0.107, P = .4) remained unaltered after the operation.	Adenosine	10-19	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	54-57
20069048-10	2009	After the adenosine treatment, the expression of both bax (0.52 versus 0.59, P = .4) and bcl-2 (0.104 versus 0.107, P = .4) remained unaltered after the operation.	Adenosine	10-19	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	89-94
18844235-7	2009	Actin stress fibers are required for HSC contraction, and we demonstrate that adenosine inhibits endothelin-1 and lysophosphatidic acid-mediated HSC contraction.	Adenosine	78-87	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	97-109
18992241-9	2009	This is in line with the concept that adenosine enhances the influence of RRF.	Adenosine	38-47	mitochondrial ribosome recycling factor	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
18992241-10	2009	Also, the fact that rat carotid artery is less sensitive to RRF than bovine retinal artery - corresponding with a less enhanced adenosine response in rat carotid artery - is in line with the potential involvement of the RRF in the enhanced adenosine response.	Adenosine	128-137	mitochondrial ribosome recycling factor	Rattus norvegicus	220-223
18992241-10	2009	Also, the fact that rat carotid artery is less sensitive to RRF than bovine retinal artery - corresponding with a less enhanced adenosine response in rat carotid artery - is in line with the potential involvement of the RRF in the enhanced adenosine response.	Adenosine	240-249	mitochondrial ribosome recycling factor	Rattus norvegicus	220-223
19639286-1	2009	The study of the A(3) adenosine receptor (A(3)AR) represents a rapidly growing and intense area of research in the adenosine field.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	42-48
19639293-5	2009	All of the adenosine receptors can modulate the release of cytokines such as interleukins and tumor necrosis factor-alpha from immune-competent leukocytes and glia.	Adenosine	11-20	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	94-121
19093734-1	2009	Adenosine is secreted from adipocytes, binds to adenosine A(1) receptor and modulates various functions of these cells.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	48-71
20419049-9	2009	Collectively, these results indicate that E2 engages a RhoA >ROCK> cofilin> actin pathway also used by brain-derived neurotrophic factor and adenosine, and therefore belongs to a family of "synaptic modulators" that regulate plasticity.	Adenosine	150-159	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	55-59
19139128-2	2009	To overcome this problem, we have developed a mutant human purine nucleoside phosphorylase, which, unlike the wild-type enzyme, accepts (deoxy)adenosine-based prodrugs as substrates.	Adenosine	143-152	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	59-90
19139128-3	2009	Among the different mutants of human purine nucleoside phosphorylase tested, a double mutant with amino acid substitutions E201Q:N243D (hDM) is the most efficient in cleaving (deoxy)adenosine-based prodrugs.	Adenosine	182-191	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	37-68
19936001-8	2009	After the genetic analysis, only one family was diagnosed with a mutation in exon 13 of the PKD2 gene (5.56%), which consists on a substitution of the nucleotide adenosine by cytosine (c.2398A>C), which implies that the amino acid methionine is replaced by leucine (p.800Met>Leu).	Adenosine	162-171	polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel	Homo sapiens	92-96
18923921-4	2008	Adenosine acting at A(3) receptors can attenuate the rise in calcium and death accompanying P2X(7) receptor activation, suggesting that dephosphorylation of ATP into adenosine is neuroprotective and that the balance of extracellular purines can influence neuronal survival.	Adenosine	0-9	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	92-107
19158948-8	2009	These antinociceptive effects were transiently blocked by the A(1)R antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1, 3-dipropylxanthine (CPX), suggesting mPAP dephosphorylates nucleotides to adenosine to mediate antinociception just like human and bovine PAP.	Adenosine	170-179	acid phosphatase, prostate	Mus musculus	133-137
19158948-8	2009	These antinociceptive effects were transiently blocked by the A(1)R antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1, 3-dipropylxanthine (CPX), suggesting mPAP dephosphorylates nucleotides to adenosine to mediate antinociception just like human and bovine PAP.	Adenosine	170-179	acid phosphatase, prostate	Mus musculus	134-137
19507482-3	2009	In this study, we investigated the involvement of angiotensin II (Ang II) in adenosine-induced bronchoconstriction in an experimental model of allergic asthma.	Adenosine	77-86	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	50-64
19507482-3	2009	In this study, we investigated the involvement of angiotensin II (Ang II) in adenosine-induced bronchoconstriction in an experimental model of allergic asthma.	Adenosine	77-86	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	66-72
18641283-10	2008	CBD inhibited adenosine uptake via equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 and synergistically enhanced adenosine"s TNF-alpha suppression after treatment with LPS.	Adenosine	103-112	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	115-124
18923921-4	2008	Adenosine acting at A(3) receptors can attenuate the rise in calcium and death accompanying P2X(7) receptor activation, suggesting that dephosphorylation of ATP into adenosine is neuroprotective and that the balance of extracellular purines can influence neuronal survival.	Adenosine	166-175	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	92-107
18975332-10	2008	In addition, splenic IFNgamma secretion was stimulated by norepinephrine, via beta-adrenergic receptors, and adenosine, via A1 adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	109-118	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	21-29
18327580-3	2008	RESULTS: PGE2 and adenosine inhibited LAK cells cytotoxic activity and production of INF-gamma, GM-CSF and TNF-alpha.	Adenosine	18-27	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	107-116
18327580-7	2008	Combined PGE2 and adenosine treatment resulted in augmentation of cAMP production, PKA activity, CREB phosphorylation and inhibition of Akt phosphorylation.	Adenosine	18-27	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	136-139
18327580-9	2008	In contrast, Rp-8-Br-cAMPS, an inhibitor of PKA type I blocked their immunosuppressive effects, suggesting that the inhibitory effects of PGE2 and adenosine are mediated via common pathway with activation of cAMP-PKA and inhibition of Akt.	Adenosine	147-156	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	235-238
18703581-5	2008	Comparison of the doses of nucleotides and adenosine required for a similar increase in LBF from approximately 0.5 l min(-1) at baseline to approximately 3.5 l min(-1) (without altering MAP but increasing Q significantly) revealed the following rank order of vasoactive potency: ATP (100) = UTP (100) >> adenosine (5.8) > ADP (2.7) > AMP (1.7).	Adenosine	43-52	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	117-123
18682265-1	2008	We have previously demonstrated that adenosine (Ado) reverses the stimulatory effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) on Na(+)-ATPase activity via the A(2A) receptor.	Adenosine	37-46	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	88-102
18682265-1	2008	We have previously demonstrated that adenosine (Ado) reverses the stimulatory effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) on Na(+)-ATPase activity via the A(2A) receptor.	Adenosine	37-46	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	104-110
18682265-1	2008	We have previously demonstrated that adenosine (Ado) reverses the stimulatory effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) on Na(+)-ATPase activity via the A(2A) receptor.	Adenosine	48-51	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	88-102
18682265-1	2008	We have previously demonstrated that adenosine (Ado) reverses the stimulatory effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) on Na(+)-ATPase activity via the A(2A) receptor.	Adenosine	48-51	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	104-110
18682265-2	2008	In this work, the molecular mechanism involved in Ado-induced shutdown in the signaling pathway triggered by 10(-8)M Ang II was investigated.	Adenosine	50-53	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	117-123
18682265-4	2008	Considering that PMA prevents the inhibitory effect of Ado on Ang II-stimulated Na(+)-ATPase and PKC activities, it is likely that the PMA-induced effect, i.e. PKC activation, is downstream of the target for Ado-induced reversion of Ang II stimulation of Na(+)-ATPase activity.	Adenosine	55-58	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	62-68
18682265-4	2008	Considering that PMA prevents the inhibitory effect of Ado on Ang II-stimulated Na(+)-ATPase and PKC activities, it is likely that the PMA-induced effect, i.e. PKC activation, is downstream of the target for Ado-induced reversion of Ang II stimulation of Na(+)-ATPase activity.	Adenosine	55-58	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	233-239
18682265-4	2008	Considering that PMA prevents the inhibitory effect of Ado on Ang II-stimulated Na(+)-ATPase and PKC activities, it is likely that the PMA-induced effect, i.e. PKC activation, is downstream of the target for Ado-induced reversion of Ang II stimulation of Na(+)-ATPase activity.	Adenosine	208-211	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	62-68
18682265-6	2008	Our data demonstrate that Ang II-stimulated PI-PLCbeta activity was reversed by Ado or 10(-7)M cAMP; the reversibility of the Ado-induced effect was prevented by either DMPX or PKA inhibitory peptide.	Adenosine	80-83	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	26-32
18682265-6	2008	Our data demonstrate that Ang II-stimulated PI-PLCbeta activity was reversed by Ado or 10(-7)M cAMP; the reversibility of the Ado-induced effect was prevented by either DMPX or PKA inhibitory peptide.	Adenosine	126-129	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	26-32
18703581-5	2008	Comparison of the doses of nucleotides and adenosine required for a similar increase in LBF from approximately 0.5 l min(-1) at baseline to approximately 3.5 l min(-1) (without altering MAP but increasing Q significantly) revealed the following rank order of vasoactive potency: ATP (100) = UTP (100) >> adenosine (5.8) > ADP (2.7) > AMP (1.7).	Adenosine	43-52	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	160-166
18591223-7	2008	Finally, increased bacterial adherence was observed when apical secretion of fibronectin was induced by adenosine in polarized T84 cells.	Adenosine	104-113	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	77-88
18940592-0	2008	Prostatic acid phosphatase is an ectonucleotidase and suppresses pain by generating adenosine.	Adenosine	84-93	acid phosphatase, prostate	Mus musculus	0-26
18940592-7	2008	Specifically, PAP dephosphorylates extracellular adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine and activates A1-adenosine receptors in dorsal spinal cord.	Adenosine	49-58	acid phosphatase, prostate	Mus musculus	14-17
18606162-1	2008	We investigated the influence of adenosine on inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS)-dependent NO synthesis and viability of cytokine-treated C6 rat glioma cells.	Adenosine	33-42	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
18830563-6	2008	By binding to its specific receptors, adenosine can modulate the Akt and NF-kappaB pathway.	Adenosine	38-47	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	65-68
18830563-6	2008	By binding to its specific receptors, adenosine can modulate the Akt and NF-kappaB pathway.	Adenosine	38-47	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	73-82
18564385-7	2008	Interestingly, the growth retardation of Atbt1 RNAi mutant plants was circumvented by adenosine feeding, and was accompanied by increased adenylate levels.	Adenosine	86-95	Mitochondrial substrate carrier family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	41-46
18606162-2	2008	Adenosine significantly inhibited interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)+interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-induced synthesis of iNOS mRNA/protein and subsequent production of NO in C6 cells.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	63-80
18606162-2	2008	Adenosine significantly inhibited interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)+interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-induced synthesis of iNOS mRNA/protein and subsequent production of NO in C6 cells.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	82-90
18606162-2	2008	Adenosine significantly inhibited interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)+interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-induced synthesis of iNOS mRNA/protein and subsequent production of NO in C6 cells.	Adenosine	0-9	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
18606162-4	2008	Adenosine also blocked the IFN-gamma+IL-1beta-triggered expression of mRNA for the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha, while it significantly enhanced the accumulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA in glioma cells.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	37-45
18606162-4	2008	Adenosine also blocked the IFN-gamma+IL-1beta-triggered expression of mRNA for the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha, while it significantly enhanced the accumulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA in glioma cells.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	108-117
18559975-6	2008	Unlike normal myeloid DCs, adenosine-differentiated DCs have impaired allostimulatory activity and express high levels of angiogenic, pro-inflammatory, immune suppressor, and tolerogenic factors, including VEGF, IL-8, IL-6, IL-10, COX-2, TGF-beta, and IDO.	Adenosine	27-36	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	218-222
18559975-6	2008	Unlike normal myeloid DCs, adenosine-differentiated DCs have impaired allostimulatory activity and express high levels of angiogenic, pro-inflammatory, immune suppressor, and tolerogenic factors, including VEGF, IL-8, IL-6, IL-10, COX-2, TGF-beta, and IDO.	Adenosine	27-36	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	224-229
18560757-1	2008	Ribokinase (RK) and adenosine kinase (AK) catalyze the phosphorylation of ribose and adenosine to ribose-5-phosphate and AMP, respectively.	Adenosine	20-29	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	38-40
18583455-7	2008	Collectively, our findings support the theory that the A(3)AR contributes to the anti-inflammatory actions of adenosine on neutrophils and provide a potential mechanistic explanation for the efficacy of A(3)AR agonists in animal models of inflammation (i.e., inhibition of neutrophil-mediated tissue injury).	Adenosine	110-119	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	55-61
18783368-4	2008	Does loss of HCRT neurons affect adenosine levels in the basal forebrain?	Adenosine	33-42	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	13-17
18703227-2	2008	Human equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 (hENT1) and hENT2 are crucial to maintain physiological plasma levels of adenosine, thus modulating its several biological effects through adenosine receptor activation.	Adenosine	119-128	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	58-63
18756427-4	2008	The phosphoprotein DARPP-32 is regulated by several modulatory neurotransmitters, including dopamine, serotonin and adenosin, and it"s function has been proposed to be altered in schizophrenia.	Adenosine	116-124	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B	Homo sapiens	19-27
18695058-11	2008	These mutations affect developmentally conserved residues that are located in different regions of the adenosine triphosphate-binding pocket of the MyHC head.	Adenosine	103-112	myosin heavy chain 6	Homo sapiens	148-152
18837934-3	2008	We constructed an analogue of the human U24 box C/D RNA, the first antisense element of which was directed to induce 2"-O-ribose methylation of branch-point adenosine in the intron of the human heat-shock cognate protein (HSC8) pre-mRNA.	Adenosine	157-166	small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 24	Homo sapiens	40-43
17987062-5	2008	IL-6-induced amplification of A1 receptor function enhances the responses to readily released adenosine during hypoxia, enables neuronal rescue from glutamate-induced death, and protects animals from chemically induced convulsing seizures.	Adenosine	94-103	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	0-4
18660677-3	2008	Adenosine regulates renal sodium and water excretion via a myriad of effects on renal hemodynamic, glomerular filtration rate, renin secretion and direct effects on the renal tubule epithelium.	Adenosine	0-9	renin	Homo sapiens	127-132
18448594-7	2008	Adenosine, the final product of ATP hydrolysis, also inhibited BGT1 but not taurine transport.	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 6 member 12	Canis lupus familiaris	63-67
18448594-10	2008	Blocking these Ca2+ increases with BAPTA-AM also blocked the action of ATP and adenosine on BGT1 transport.	Adenosine	79-88	solute carrier family 6 member 12	Canis lupus familiaris	92-96
18448594-12	2008	We conclude that ATP and adenosine, through stimulation of PLC and intracellular Ca2+, may be rapidly acting regulators of BGT1 transport especially in response to a fall in extracellular osmolarity.	Adenosine	25-34	solute carrier family 6 member 12	Canis lupus familiaris	123-127
18385283-6	2008	Thus, our data suggest that apical adenosine activates contralateral K+ channels via PLC/Ca2+ and thereby increases the driving force for transepithelial anion secretion, synergizing with its modulation of ipsilateral CFTR via cAMP/PKA.	Adenosine	35-44	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	218-222
18385283-1	2008	In airway epithelial cells, apical adenosine regulates transepithelial anion secretion by activation of apical cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) via adenosine receptors and cAMP/PKA signaling.	Adenosine	35-44	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	111-162
18385283-1	2008	In airway epithelial cells, apical adenosine regulates transepithelial anion secretion by activation of apical cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) via adenosine receptors and cAMP/PKA signaling.	Adenosine	35-44	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	164-168
18381655-5	2008	Adenosine induced HO-1 mRNA and protein expression within 3 h, which was maintained for up to 12 h. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt pathways appear to mediate HO-1 expression.	Adenosine	0-9	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	136-140
18381655-6	2008	In response to adenosine, Nrf2 translocated from the cytosol to nuclei, and bound to the antioxidant response element (ARE).	Adenosine	15-24	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	26-30
18421422-1	2008	OAS1 belongs to a protein family of interferon-induced enzymes characterized by their ability to catalyze the synthesis of 2"-5"-linked oligomers of adenosine from ATP (2-5A).	Adenosine	149-158	2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase 1A	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
18385283-7	2008	Furthermore, the dual activation of CFTR and KCa channels by apical adenosine resulted in a mixed secretion of chloride and bicarbonate, which may alter the anion composition in the secretion induced by secretagogues that elicit extracellular ATP/adenosine release.	Adenosine	68-77	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	36-40
18385283-7	2008	Furthermore, the dual activation of CFTR and KCa channels by apical adenosine resulted in a mixed secretion of chloride and bicarbonate, which may alter the anion composition in the secretion induced by secretagogues that elicit extracellular ATP/adenosine release.	Adenosine	247-256	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	36-40
18064606-1	2008	High D-glucose reduces human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1)-mediated adenosine uptake involving endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinases 1 and 2/MAP kinases p42/44 (MEK/ERKs), and protein kinase C (PKC) activation in human umbilical vein endothelium (HUVEC).	Adenosine	85-94	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	112-145
18467695-5	2008	Taking advantage of genetically modified ADA-deficient mice, we herein report a direct fibrogenic effect of adenosine on the skin, in which increased collagen deposition is accompanied by increased levels of key mediators of fibrosis, including transforming growth factor beta1, connective tissue growth factor, and interleukin-13.	Adenosine	108-117	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	316-330
18391093-8	2008	Conversely, the adenosine analogue 2-chloro-adenosine significantly reduced cell size, mammalian target of rapamycin/p70 ribosomal S6 kinase activation, and atrial natriuretic peptide expression in cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes.	Adenosine	16-25	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	87-116
18424636-4	2008	Flux of nucleosides, such as adenosine and inosine, across cardiomyocyte membranes is dependent on equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 and 2 (ENT1 and ENT2).	Adenosine	29-38	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 2	Mus musculus	155-159
18064606-1	2008	High D-glucose reduces human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1)-mediated adenosine uptake involving endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinases 1 and 2/MAP kinases p42/44 (MEK/ERKs), and protein kinase C (PKC) activation in human umbilical vein endothelium (HUVEC).	Adenosine	85-94	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	229-232
18292397-0	2008	CNGA2 channels mediate adenosine-induced Ca2+ influx in vascular endothelial cells.	Adenosine	23-32	cyclic nucleotide gated channel alpha 2	Mus musculus	0-5
18359773-6	2008	Therefore, our data establish possible cross-talk between the adenosine signaling through cAMP and IFN-gamma during regulation of CIITA expression.	Adenosine	62-71	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	99-108
18490720-6	2008	Adenosine receptor antagonists MRS1706 and DPCPX with known inverse agonist activity at the A(2B) subtype inhibited IL-13 secretion induced by the adenosine analog NECA, but did not mimic the enhanced Ag-induced degranulation observed in A(2B) knockout BMMCs.	Adenosine	147-156	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	116-121
18583262-9	2008	iNOS expression in the pulmonary artery was higher in the hypoxic group than in normoxic group (P<0.01), and adenosine significantly increased iNOS expression in comparison with the normoxic and hypoxic groups (P<0.01).	Adenosine	112-121	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	146-150
18583262-11	2008	CONCLUSION: Adenosine administered by continuous subcutaneous infusion alleviates chronically hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats, in which rennin angiotensin system, ET-1, and iNOS/NO play a role.	Adenosine	12-21	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	188-192
18394126-9	2008	CONCLUSION: Adenosine challenges correlate well with MCh in patients with CVA.	Adenosine	12-21	pro-melanin concentrating hormone	Homo sapiens	53-56
18292397-9	2008	CONCLUSIONS: CNGA2 channels play a key role in adenosine-induced endothelial Ca(2+) influx and vasorelaxation.	Adenosine	47-56	cyclic nucleotide gated channel alpha 2	Mus musculus	13-18
18292397-10	2008	It is likely that adenosine acts through A(2B) receptors and adenylyl cyclases to stimulate CNGA2.	Adenosine	18-27	cyclic nucleotide gated channel alpha 2	Mus musculus	92-97
18088370-8	2008	We conclude that adenosine via activation of A2B receptors evokes IL-6 release also in vivo.	Adenosine	17-26	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	66-70
18005245-0	2008	Adenosine increases calcium sensitivity via receptor-independent activation of the p38/MK2 pathway in mesenteric arteries.	Adenosine	0-9	MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2	Mus musculus	87-90
18005245-5	2008	Treatment with Ado (3 x 10(-6) or 10(-5) mol L(-1) in between successive Ang II applications) enhanced the desensitized Ang II responses (second to fifth application).	Adenosine	15-18	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	73-79
18005245-5	2008	Treatment with Ado (3 x 10(-6) or 10(-5) mol L(-1) in between successive Ang II applications) enhanced the desensitized Ang II responses (second to fifth application).	Adenosine	15-18	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	120-126
18005245-11	2008	CONCLUSION: The study shows that Ado activates the p38 MAPK/MK2 pathway in vascular smooth muscle via an intracellular action, which results in an increased MLC(20) phosphorylation in concert with increased calcium sensitivity of the contractile apparatus.	Adenosine	33-36	MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2	Mus musculus	60-63
18077446-3	2008	AICAR is an adenosine analog and extensively used to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a metabolic "fuel gauge" of the biological system.	Adenosine	12-21	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	62-90
18329095-6	2008	These results are consistent with the reported uptake characteristics of uridine and adenosine by ENT1 and ENT2.	Adenosine	85-94	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-102
18342361-5	2008	We found that AGO2 and AGO4 preferentially recruit small RNAs with a 5" terminal adenosine, whereas AGO1 harbors microRNAs (miRNAs) that favor a 5" terminal uridine.	Adenosine	81-90	Argonaute family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	14-18
18424164-4	2008	MRS542, MRS1760, and other adenosine derivatives, A(3)AR antagonists in cyclic AMP assays, were partial agonists in beta-arrestin translocation, indicating possible biased agonism.	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	50-56
18424752-6	2008	The A(2B) receptor is a likely target of CD73-generated adenosine, because it is the only adenosine receptor expressed on the HEV-like cell line KOP2.16 and it is up-regulated by TNF-alpha.	Adenosine	56-65	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	179-188
18404574-2	2008	Although all synthesized compounds were totally devoid of binding affinity at the human A3AR, our results revealed that 3"-position of adenosine can only be tolerated with small size of a hydrogen bonding donor like hydroxyl or amino group in the binding site of human A3AR.	Adenosine	135-144	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	88-92
18404574-2	2008	Although all synthesized compounds were totally devoid of binding affinity at the human A3AR, our results revealed that 3"-position of adenosine can only be tolerated with small size of a hydrogen bonding donor like hydroxyl or amino group in the binding site of human A3AR.	Adenosine	135-144	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	269-273
18322229-0	2008	Adenosine promotes IL-6 release in airway epithelia.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	19-23
18322229-5	2008	In the present work, we examined the role of adenosine in releasing IL-6 from airway epithelia.	Adenosine	45-54	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	68-72
18322229-6	2008	In Calu-3 human airway epithelial cells, apical but not basolateral adenosine elicited robust, apically polarized release of IL-6, along with proinflammatory IL-8.	Adenosine	68-77	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	125-129
18322229-7	2008	Both protein kinase A and protein kinase C mediated the adenosine-induced IL-6 release, at least partly via phosphorylation of CREB.	Adenosine	56-65	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	74-78
18322229-9	2008	In addition, A2A but not A2B adenosine receptors were specifically required for the adenosine-induced IL-6 release.	Adenosine	29-38	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	102-106
18322229-10	2008	Furthermore, in rat bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, adenosine triggered the release of IL-6 as well as proinflammatory IL-1beta.	Adenosine	50-59	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	85-89
18322229-10	2008	Furthermore, in rat bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, adenosine triggered the release of IL-6 as well as proinflammatory IL-1beta.	Adenosine	50-59	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	117-125
18322229-11	2008	Adenosine also mediated the release of a considerable portion of the LPS-induced IL-6 in rat bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	81-85
18077446-3	2008	AICAR is an adenosine analog and extensively used to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a metabolic "fuel gauge" of the biological system.	Adenosine	12-21	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	92-96
17556770-8	2008	Because A(1)R blockade did not affect the median miniature IPSC amplitude, our results demonstrate that adenosine reduces gamma-aminiobutyric acid (GABA) release probability via presynaptic A(1)Rs at P5-7.	Adenosine	104-113	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1C	Homo sapiens	200-204
18292547-7	2008	In contrast, 2"-O-methyl groups at adenosine and uridine residues reduced both IFN-alpha secretion and gene-silencing activity.	Adenosine	35-44	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	79-88
18054348-8	2008	Our results, besides showing that adenosine A1 receptor prompts mammalian spermatozoa to undergo the acrosome reaction hence supporting a role for adenosine as agent for fertilisation, show that 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine triggers signalling mechanisms that involve both Galpha(i2) and G(q/11), extracellular calcium influx, modulation of classical Ca2+-dependent PCK isoforms and up-regulation of the ERK1/2 phosphorylation.	Adenosine	34-43	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	408-414
17693933-3	2008	Adenosine is reported to inhibit LPS-induced TNF-alpha production.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	45-54
17693933-5	2008	We found that adenosine inhibited the expression of ICAM-1 and the production of TNF-alpha by human PBMC via adenosine A2A receptor in the presence of LPS.	Adenosine	14-23	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	81-90
17693933-8	2008	Thus, adenosine differentially regulates the expression of ICAM-1 and the production of TNF-alpha through plural subtypes of receptors.	Adenosine	6-15	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	88-97
18199768-7	2008	Thus, adaptive modulation of Cx43 can offset environmental stress by adenosine-mediated elevation of cellular resistance.	Adenosine	69-78	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	29-33
18222358-7	2008	The CFR to adenosine in the LAD coronary artery was lower in CSX patients than in control subjects (2.03 +/- 0.63 vs. 3.29 +/- 1.0, p = 0.0004).	Adenosine	11-20	NK2 homeobox 5	Homo sapiens	61-64
18222358-8	2008	The CSX patients with DST-induced myocardial perfusion defects in the LAD territory on CMR had a lower CFR to adenosine compared with those without perfusion defects in the LAD territory (1.69 +/- 0.5 vs. 2.31 +/- 0.6, p = 0.01).	Adenosine	110-119	NK2 homeobox 5	Homo sapiens	4-7
18222358-9	2008	A significant correlation was found in CSX patients between CFR to adenosine and a DST perfusion defect score on CMR in the LAD territory (r = -0.45, p = 0.019).	Adenosine	67-76	NK2 homeobox 5	Homo sapiens	39-42
18054436-0	2008	A1 and A2A receptor activation by endogenous adenosine is required for VIP enhancement of K+ -evoked [3H]-GABA release from rat hippocampal nerve terminals.	Adenosine	45-54	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
18054436-2	2008	Since VIP modulation of hippocampal synaptic transmission is dependent on the tonic actions of adenosine we investigated if endogenous adenosine could influence VIP enhancement of GABA release from isolated hippocampal nerve endings, and which adenosine receptors could be mediating this influence.	Adenosine	135-144	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	161-164
18054436-3	2008	When extracellular endogenous adenosine was removed using adenosine deaminase (ADA, 1U/ml), the enhancement (57.2+/-3.7%) caused by VIP on GABA release was prevented.	Adenosine	30-39	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	132-135
18054436-7	2008	In conclusion, the enhancement of GABA release caused by VIP in hippocampal nerve terminals is dependent on the tonic actions of adenosine on both A(1) and A(2A) receptors, and this action of adenosine is essential to VIP modulation of GABA release.	Adenosine	129-138	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
18054436-7	2008	In conclusion, the enhancement of GABA release caused by VIP in hippocampal nerve terminals is dependent on the tonic actions of adenosine on both A(1) and A(2A) receptors, and this action of adenosine is essential to VIP modulation of GABA release.	Adenosine	192-201	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
18054436-7	2008	In conclusion, the enhancement of GABA release caused by VIP in hippocampal nerve terminals is dependent on the tonic actions of adenosine on both A(1) and A(2A) receptors, and this action of adenosine is essential to VIP modulation of GABA release.	Adenosine	192-201	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	218-221
17942570-0	2008	Renal interstitial adenosine is increased in angiotensin II-induced hypertensive rats.	Adenosine	19-28	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	45-59
17913243-12	2008	Collectively, the results of the current study indicate that adenosine analogues inhibit LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha by equine monocytes primarily via activation of adenosine A2A receptors and do so in a cAMP-dependent manner.	Adenosine	61-70	tumor necrosis factor	Equus caballus	115-124
17983597-4	2008	Therefore, 5,6-dichloro-benzimidazole 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside, an adenosine analogue to inhibit mRNA synthesis, was used to estimate the bcl-2 mRNA degradation rate.	Adenosine	66-75	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	137-142
17942570-10	2008	These results suggest that the elevation of renal tissue and interstitial adenosine contributes to the renal vasoconstriction observed in the ANG II-induced hypertension and that it is mediated by a decrease in the activity and expression of ADA, increased production of adenosine, and an induced imbalance in adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	74-83	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	142-148
17942570-10	2008	These results suggest that the elevation of renal tissue and interstitial adenosine contributes to the renal vasoconstriction observed in the ANG II-induced hypertension and that it is mediated by a decrease in the activity and expression of ADA, increased production of adenosine, and an induced imbalance in adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	271-280	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	142-148
18066073-2	2008	We designed an artificial C/D RNA to target the branch point adenosine of ACT1 pre-mRNA to block its splicing.	Adenosine	61-70	actin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	74-78
18050382-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: Adenosine exerts antiinflammatory effects via activation of the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR), a Gi protein-associated cell-surface receptor, overexpressed in synovial tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).	Adenosine	11-20	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	75-96
18050382-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: Adenosine exerts antiinflammatory effects via activation of the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR), a Gi protein-associated cell-surface receptor, overexpressed in synovial tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).	Adenosine	11-20	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	98-102
17916773-3	2007	METHODS AND RESULTS: Endothelial cells treated with statins had a time- and dose-dependent increase in eNOS transcripts with long poly(A) tails (75 to 160 adenosines).	Adenosine	155-165	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	103-107
18204825-7	2008	Differential regulation of NPS and NPSR transcripts was observed after caffeine or nicotine treatment, indicating complex interactions with adenosine and cholinergic systems.	Adenosine	140-149	neuropeptide S receptor 1	Homo sapiens	35-39
17878054-9	2007	These results indicate that extracellular adenine nucleotides inhibit C6 cell growth via adenosine, which is produced by ecto-nucleotidases including CD73 at the extracellular space and then incorporated into cells by ENT2.	Adenosine	89-98	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	218-222
17855772-11	2007	3-Deazaadenosine (DZA), an adenosine analogue, prevented high methionine-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression and collagen type-1 synthesis.	Adenosine	7-16	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	92-98
17898122-0	2007	Adenosine enhances long term the contractile response to angiotensin II in afferent arterioles.	Adenosine	0-9	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	57-71
17898122-11	2007	However, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK induced by norepinephrine or endothelin-1 was reduced in vessels treated with Ado, whereas 20-kDa myosin light chain was unchanged.	Adenosine	115-118	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	28-31
17898122-11	2007	However, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK induced by norepinephrine or endothelin-1 was reduced in vessels treated with Ado, whereas 20-kDa myosin light chain was unchanged.	Adenosine	115-118	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	66-78
17716659-4	2007	Here we describe a novel approach based on lentiviral RNAi mediated downregulation of adenosine kinase (ADK), the major adenosine-removing enzyme, in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), which would be compatible with autologous cell grafting in patients.	Adenosine	86-95	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	104-107
17681497-5	2007	Adenosine deamination would generate hypoxanthine (Hx), a substrate for the alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (Aag).	Adenosine	0-9	N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	106-109
17553644-10	2007	These results indicate that IL-6 plays an anti-convulsive role through the adenosine system in hyperthermia-induced seizures, which might be relevant as to human febrile seizures.	Adenosine	75-84	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	28-32
17763527-0	2007	Analysis of adenosine by RP-HPLC method and its application to the study of adenosine kinase kinetics.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	76-92
17696123-3	2007	Analysis of part of the TH promotor showed five homozygous and two heterozygous mutations in the highly conserved cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element.	Adenosine	121-130	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	24-26
17705048-0	2007	Adenosine inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-6 secretion by the osteoblastic cell line MG-63.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	51-64
17705048-3	2007	In order to assess whether adenosine has anti-inflammatory actions in osteoblastic cells, we investigated its effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin 6 (IL-6) release in an in vitro inflammatory functional response model.	Adenosine	27-36	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	154-167
17705048-3	2007	In order to assess whether adenosine has anti-inflammatory actions in osteoblastic cells, we investigated its effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin 6 (IL-6) release in an in vitro inflammatory functional response model.	Adenosine	27-36	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	169-173
18075400-0	2007	beta-Endorphin modulates adenosine provoked chest pain in men, but not in women-a comparison between patients with ischemic heart disease and healthy volunteers.	Adenosine	25-34	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	0-14
18075400-10	2007	beta-Endorphin administration lowered adenosine-provoked pain in both male patients and male healthy volunteers (P=0.02) but not in women.	Adenosine	38-47	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	0-14
18075400-12	2007	CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, women were resistant to beta-endorphin modulation of adenosine-provoked chest pain.	Adenosine	81-90	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	52-66
17660388-0	2007	Systemic nitric oxide synthase inhibition improves coronary flow reserve to adenosine in patients with significant stenoses.	Adenosine	76-85	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	9-30
17525287-1	2007	We recently showed that A(2A) adenosine receptor activation by endogenous adenosine contributes to interleukin-10 (IL-10) production in polymicrobial sepsis.	Adenosine	30-39	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	115-120
17525287-3	2007	We demonstrated using receptor knockout mice that A(2A) receptor activation is critically required for the stimulatory effect of adenosine on IL-10 production by E coli-challenged macrophages, whereas A(2B) receptors have a minor role.	Adenosine	129-138	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	142-147
17525287-4	2007	The stimulatory effect of adenosine on E coli-induced IL-10 production did not require toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) or MyD88, but was blocked by p38 inhibition.	Adenosine	26-35	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	54-59
17525287-6	2007	Measuring IL-10 mRNA abundance and transfection with an IL-10 promoter-luciferase construct indicated that E coli and adenosine synergistically activate IL-10 transcription.	Adenosine	118-127	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	10-15
17525287-6	2007	Measuring IL-10 mRNA abundance and transfection with an IL-10 promoter-luciferase construct indicated that E coli and adenosine synergistically activate IL-10 transcription.	Adenosine	118-127	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	56-61
17525287-6	2007	Measuring IL-10 mRNA abundance and transfection with an IL-10 promoter-luciferase construct indicated that E coli and adenosine synergistically activate IL-10 transcription.	Adenosine	118-127	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	56-61
17525287-7	2007	Sequential deletion analysis and site-directed mutagenesis of the IL-10 promoter revealed that a region harboring C/EBP binding elements was responsible for the stimulatory effect of adenosine on E coli-induced IL-10 promoter activity.	Adenosine	183-192	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	66-71
17525287-7	2007	Sequential deletion analysis and site-directed mutagenesis of the IL-10 promoter revealed that a region harboring C/EBP binding elements was responsible for the stimulatory effect of adenosine on E coli-induced IL-10 promoter activity.	Adenosine	183-192	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	211-216
17917584-1	2007	APOBEC3G restricts retrovirus replication through inducing guanosine-to-adenosine (G-to-A) hypermutations in viral DNA.	Adenosine	72-81	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G	Homo sapiens	0-8
17597075-1	2007	Adenosine kinase (ADK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of adenosine (Ado) to adenosine monophosphate (AMP).	Adenosine	56-65	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-21
17597075-1	2007	Adenosine kinase (ADK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of adenosine (Ado) to adenosine monophosphate (AMP).	Adenosine	67-70	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-21
17567573-5	2007	The observation that expression of catalytically inactive ADAR2 also is capable of producing an obese phenotype in mutant animals suggests that ADAR2 may possess additional biological activities beyond those required for the site-selective deamination of adenosine or may interfere with the actions of other double-stranded RNA-specific binding proteins in the cell.	Adenosine	255-264	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1	Mus musculus	58-63
17616749-0	2007	The central role of adenosine in statin-induced ERK1/2, Akt, and eNOS phosphorylation.	Adenosine	20-29	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	56-59
17560111-1	2007	We have prepared a series of adenosine analogs based on the bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane scaffold of locked nucleic acid (LNA) and tested them for both agonist and antagonist activity at the adenosine A(3) receptor.	Adenosine	29-38	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	184-207
17696452-10	2007	Apparent Km and Vmax values were 17 microM and 7.2 nmol x min(-1) x cm(-2), and transport selectivity was adenosine = inosine = uridine > guanosine = cytidine > thymidine.	Adenosine	106-115	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	58-64
17696452-12	2007	Inhibition of adenosine elimination by EHNA or phloridzin raised apical adenosine levels by >3-fold and stimulated IL-13 and MCP-1 secretion by 6-fold.	Adenosine	14-23	interleukin 13	Homo sapiens	118-123
17616749-13	2007	Adenosine was required for ERK1/2 activation by statins, which resulted in Akt and eNOS phosphorylation.	Adenosine	0-9	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	75-78
17565009-2	2007	This study analyzed the pathway responsible for adenosine-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).	Adenosine	48-57	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	66-72
17567573-5	2007	The observation that expression of catalytically inactive ADAR2 also is capable of producing an obese phenotype in mutant animals suggests that ADAR2 may possess additional biological activities beyond those required for the site-selective deamination of adenosine or may interfere with the actions of other double-stranded RNA-specific binding proteins in the cell.	Adenosine	255-264	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1	Mus musculus	144-149
17391106-3	2007	As adenosine is generated from ATP co-released with vasopressin, it appeared important to study its effects on taurine efflux from pituicytes.	Adenosine	3-12	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	52-63
17488804-8	2007	The mechanism of caffeine seems to involve the inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, and Akt, leading to a marked decrease in adenosine-induced HIF-1alpha accumulation, VEGF transcriptional activation, and VEGF and IL-8 protein accumulation.	Adenosine	163-172	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	65-106
17672857-9	2007	The results demonstrated an A1-P2Y1 receptor co-localization at glutamatergic synapses and surrounding astrocytes and a functional interaction between these receptors in hippocampus, suggesting ATP and adenosine can interact in purine-mediated signalling.	Adenosine	202-211	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
17488804-0	2007	Caffeine inhibits adenosine-induced accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor, and interleukin-8 expression in hypoxic human colon cancer cells.	Adenosine	18-27	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	85-119
17488804-8	2007	The mechanism of caffeine seems to involve the inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, and Akt, leading to a marked decrease in adenosine-induced HIF-1alpha accumulation, VEGF transcriptional activation, and VEGF and IL-8 protein accumulation.	Adenosine	163-172	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	108-114
17488804-0	2007	Caffeine inhibits adenosine-induced accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor, and interleukin-8 expression in hypoxic human colon cancer cells.	Adenosine	18-27	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	125-138
17488804-7	2007	Pretreatment of cells with caffeine significantly reduces adenosine-induced VEGF promoter activity and VEGF and IL-8 expression.	Adenosine	58-67	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	76-80
17488804-8	2007	The mechanism of caffeine seems to involve the inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, and Akt, leading to a marked decrease in adenosine-induced HIF-1alpha accumulation, VEGF transcriptional activation, and VEGF and IL-8 protein accumulation.	Adenosine	163-172	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	117-120
17488804-8	2007	The mechanism of caffeine seems to involve the inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, and Akt, leading to a marked decrease in adenosine-induced HIF-1alpha accumulation, VEGF transcriptional activation, and VEGF and IL-8 protein accumulation.	Adenosine	163-172	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	126-129
17488804-8	2007	The mechanism of caffeine seems to involve the inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, and Akt, leading to a marked decrease in adenosine-induced HIF-1alpha accumulation, VEGF transcriptional activation, and VEGF and IL-8 protein accumulation.	Adenosine	163-172	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	206-210
17488804-8	2007	The mechanism of caffeine seems to involve the inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, and Akt, leading to a marked decrease in adenosine-induced HIF-1alpha accumulation, VEGF transcriptional activation, and VEGF and IL-8 protein accumulation.	Adenosine	163-172	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	243-247
17488804-8	2007	The mechanism of caffeine seems to involve the inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, and Akt, leading to a marked decrease in adenosine-induced HIF-1alpha accumulation, VEGF transcriptional activation, and VEGF and IL-8 protein accumulation.	Adenosine	163-172	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	252-256
17488804-11	2007	These data provide evidence that adenosine could modulate the migration of colon cancer cells by an HIF-1alpha/VEGF/IL-8-dependent mechanism and that caffeine has the potential to inhibit colon cancer cell growth.	Adenosine	33-42	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	100-110
17488804-11	2007	These data provide evidence that adenosine could modulate the migration of colon cancer cells by an HIF-1alpha/VEGF/IL-8-dependent mechanism and that caffeine has the potential to inhibit colon cancer cell growth.	Adenosine	33-42	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	111-115
17488804-11	2007	These data provide evidence that adenosine could modulate the migration of colon cancer cells by an HIF-1alpha/VEGF/IL-8-dependent mechanism and that caffeine has the potential to inhibit colon cancer cell growth.	Adenosine	33-42	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	116-120
17416598-0	2007	Human recombinant chromogranin A-derived vasostatin-1 mimics preconditioning via an adenosine/nitric oxide signaling mechanism.	Adenosine	84-93	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	18-32
17574432-8	2007	This suggests that elevated intracellular adenosine level caused by ADA inhibition may improve the suppressed responsiveness to A1 adenosine receptor agonists associated with the hyperthyroid state.	Adenosine	42-51	adenosine receptor A1	Cavia porcellus	128-149
17416607-1	2007	Atorvastatin (ATV) limits infarct size (IS) by activating Akt and ecto-5-nucleotidase, which generates adenosine.	Adenosine	103-112	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
17401439-9	2007	Reduction of extracellular adenosine accumulation with adenosine deaminase or with the nucleoside transport inhibitor, S-(p-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine, attenuated the effects of L-arginine and L-citrulline, while not affecting inhibition by SIN-1.	Adenosine	27-36	MAPK associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	241-246
17575165-1	2007	The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of adenosine and its stable analogue 2-chloroadenosine (CADO) on the cytotoxic activity and cytokine production by human antimelanoma specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-helper type 1 (Th1) clones.	Adenosine	57-66	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	206-209
17575165-3	2007	Using Lab MAP multiplex technology, we found that adenosine inhibits production of various cytokines and chemokines by CD8+ and CD4+ T cells.	Adenosine	50-59	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	128-131
17374532-4	2007	In the present study, we examined the effect of adenosine at increasing concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 microM on the IL-18-enhanced expression of ICAM-1, production of IFN-gamma and IL-12 and lymphocyte proliferation during human mixed lymphocyte reaction.	Adenosine	48-57	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	176-185
17374532-6	2007	The IC(50) values of adenosine for inhibition of the IL-18-enhanced ICAM-1 expression, IFN-gamma production and lymphocyte proliferation were 20 microM, respectively.	Adenosine	21-30	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	87-96
17446223-5	2007	Adenosine kinase was the major determinant of adenosine levels, as its inhibition increased both adenosine concentration and A1 receptor-mediated synaptic inhibition.	Adenosine	46-55	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-16
17446223-5	2007	Adenosine kinase was the major determinant of adenosine levels, as its inhibition increased both adenosine concentration and A1 receptor-mediated synaptic inhibition.	Adenosine	97-106	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-16
17446223-9	2007	Unexpectedly, application of NBTI/dipyridamole prevented the efflux of adenosine resulting from block of adenosine kinase at only a subset of synapses.	Adenosine	71-80	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	105-121
17542617-1	2007	His272 (7.43) in the seventh transmembrane domain (TM7) of the human A3 adenosine receptor (AR) interacts with the 3" position of nucleosides, based on selective affinity enhancement at a H272E mutant A3 AR (neoceptor) of 3"-ureido, but not 3"-OH, adenosine analogues.	Adenosine	72-81	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	201-206
17303086-0	2007	Intracellularly transported adenosine induces apoptosis in HuH-7 human hepatoma cells by downregulating c-FLIP expression causing caspase-3/-8 activation.	Adenosine	28-37	CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	104-110
17495608-8	2007	Members of the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette superfamily of transporters regulate lipid homeostasis and apolipoprotein metabolism in the brain, and may affect Alzheimer"s disease pathogenesis by modulating apolipoprotein E lipidation as well as intracellular sterol homeostasis.	Adenosine	15-24	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	216-232
17301835-10	2007	These data imply that adenosine might stimulate hair growth through FGF-7 upregulation in DPCs.	Adenosine	22-31	fibroblast growth factor 7	Homo sapiens	68-73
17339610-7	2007	Other cAMP-elevating agents such as adenosine (Ado) similarly block the fMLP-induced PI-3Kgamma activation process but do not inhibit Akt phosphorylation.	Adenosine	36-45	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
17339610-7	2007	Other cAMP-elevating agents such as adenosine (Ado) similarly block the fMLP-induced PI-3Kgamma activation process but do not inhibit Akt phosphorylation.	Adenosine	47-50	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
17339610-11	2007	Taken together, these results suggest that cAMP-elevating agents, such as PGE(2) or Ado, are able to induce an alternative mechanism of Akt activation by fMLP in which the translocation of Akt to PI(3,4,5)P(3)-enriched membranes is not required prior to its phosphorylation.	Adenosine	84-87	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	136-139
17339610-11	2007	Taken together, these results suggest that cAMP-elevating agents, such as PGE(2) or Ado, are able to induce an alternative mechanism of Akt activation by fMLP in which the translocation of Akt to PI(3,4,5)P(3)-enriched membranes is not required prior to its phosphorylation.	Adenosine	84-87	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	154-158
17339610-11	2007	Taken together, these results suggest that cAMP-elevating agents, such as PGE(2) or Ado, are able to induce an alternative mechanism of Akt activation by fMLP in which the translocation of Akt to PI(3,4,5)P(3)-enriched membranes is not required prior to its phosphorylation.	Adenosine	84-87	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	189-192
17407781-5	2007	In the hTK1 structure the adenosine group of TP4A exhibited no electron density.	Adenosine	26-35	thymidine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	7-11
17303086-6	2007	Taken together, these results suggest that intracellularly transported adenosine, perhaps converted AMP as the ensuing event, activates caspase-8 and the downstream effector caspase caspase-3 by neutralizing caspase-8 inhibition due to c-FLIP as a consequence of decreased c-FLIP expression, leading to apoptosis.	Adenosine	71-80	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	182-191
17303086-6	2007	Taken together, these results suggest that intracellularly transported adenosine, perhaps converted AMP as the ensuing event, activates caspase-8 and the downstream effector caspase caspase-3 by neutralizing caspase-8 inhibition due to c-FLIP as a consequence of decreased c-FLIP expression, leading to apoptosis.	Adenosine	71-80	CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	236-242
17303086-6	2007	Taken together, these results suggest that intracellularly transported adenosine, perhaps converted AMP as the ensuing event, activates caspase-8 and the downstream effector caspase caspase-3 by neutralizing caspase-8 inhibition due to c-FLIP as a consequence of decreased c-FLIP expression, leading to apoptosis.	Adenosine	71-80	CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	273-279
17300916-4	2007	Here we show that, depending on the expression level of the 519 amino acid isoform of regulator of G-protein signalling 3 (RGS3L), prototypical GiPCRs, like M2 muscarinic, A1 adenosine, and alpha2-adrenergic receptors, activate either Rac1 or RhoA in human embryonic kidney cells and neonatal rat cardiomyocyte-derived H10 cells.	Adenosine	175-184	regulator of G protein signaling 3	Homo sapiens	86-121
17301835-0	2007	Adenosine stimulates fibroblast growth factor-7 gene expression via adenosine A2b receptor signaling in dermal papilla cells.	Adenosine	0-9	fibroblast growth factor 7	Homo sapiens	21-47
17301835-3	2007	We performed DNA microarray analyses of DPCs and found that adenosine stimulation increases fibroblast growth factor-7 (FGF-7) gene expression levels by greater than 2-fold.	Adenosine	60-69	fibroblast growth factor 7	Homo sapiens	92-118
17301835-3	2007	We performed DNA microarray analyses of DPCs and found that adenosine stimulation increases fibroblast growth factor-7 (FGF-7) gene expression levels by greater than 2-fold.	Adenosine	60-69	fibroblast growth factor 7	Homo sapiens	120-125
17301835-8	2007	Taken together, these results show that adenosine treatment of DPCs upregulates FGF-7 expression via the A2b adenosine receptor and that cAMP acts as one of the second messengers in this pathway.	Adenosine	40-49	fibroblast growth factor 7	Homo sapiens	80-85
17303086-0	2007	Intracellularly transported adenosine induces apoptosis in HuH-7 human hepatoma cells by downregulating c-FLIP expression causing caspase-3/-8 activation.	Adenosine	28-37	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	130-139
17303086-3	2007	Adenosine activated caspase-3 and -8, but not caspase-9, in HuH-7 cells, and the activation was abolished by dipyridamole.	Adenosine	0-9	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	20-36
17303086-4	2007	In the real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, extracellular adenosine downregulated mRNA and protein levels for c-FLIP, and the effect was suppressed by dipyridamole.	Adenosine	65-74	CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	117-123
17303086-5	2007	Furthermore, overexpression of c-FLIP short in HuH-7 cells inhibited adenosine-induced caspase-8 activity.	Adenosine	69-78	CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	31-37
17442976-3	2007	We assessed a potential role for HO-1 in the ability of adenosine or 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA), a stable adenosine analog, to modify the response of LPS-stimulated macrophages.	Adenosine	56-65	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	33-37
17428235-7	2007	Importantly, the GHSR inverse agonist [D-Arg(1) D-Phe(5) D-Trp(7,9) Leu(11)]-Substance P (SP-analogue) blocked the adenosine stimulated calcium release, demonstrating that GHSR is involved.	Adenosine	115-124	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	77-88
17428463-0	2007	TOR-induced resistance to toxic adenosine analogs in Leishmania brought about by the internalization and degradation of the adenosine permease.	Adenosine	32-41	RAR related orphan receptor C	Homo sapiens	0-3
17368618-5	2007	Furthermore, the blockade of endogenous adenosine by adenosine deaminase or DPCPX attenuated dopamine D(1) receptor desensitization.	Adenosine	40-49	dopamine receptor D1	Homo sapiens	93-115
17438146-4	2007	METHODS AND RESULTS: Cardiac adenosine levels were reduced by 70% at 3 and 6 weeks of age in TNF 1.6 mice.	Adenosine	29-38	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	93-96
17438146-7	2007	Similar changes in adenosine levels were found in 2 other models of heart failure, mice overexpressing calsequestrin and mice after chronic pressure overload, suggesting that the changes in adenosine-AR signaling were secondary to myocardial dysfunction rather than to TNF overexpression.	Adenosine	19-28	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	269-272
17438146-8	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac dysfunction secondary to the overexpression of TNF is associated with marked alterations in myocardial levels of adenosine and ARs.	Adenosine	134-143	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	68-71
17442976-4	2007	Adenosine and NECA markedly induced HO-1 and blocked LPS-induced TNF-alpha production via adenosine A2aR-mediated signaling; blocking of HO-1 by RNA interference abrogated the effects of adenosine and NECA on TNF-alpha.	Adenosine	90-99	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	65-74
17442976-6	2007	The induction of A2aR expression by HO-1 or CO resulted in an increase in the sensitivity to the anti-inflammatory effects of adenosine and NECA, which was lost in macrophages isolated from A2aR-deficient mice.	Adenosine	126-135	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	36-40
17442976-3	2007	We assessed a potential role for HO-1 in the ability of adenosine or 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA), a stable adenosine analog, to modify the response of LPS-stimulated macrophages.	Adenosine	90-99	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	33-37
17442976-4	2007	Adenosine and NECA markedly induced HO-1 and blocked LPS-induced TNF-alpha production via adenosine A2aR-mediated signaling; blocking of HO-1 by RNA interference abrogated the effects of adenosine and NECA on TNF-alpha.	Adenosine	0-9	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	36-40
17442976-4	2007	Adenosine and NECA markedly induced HO-1 and blocked LPS-induced TNF-alpha production via adenosine A2aR-mediated signaling; blocking of HO-1 by RNA interference abrogated the effects of adenosine and NECA on TNF-alpha.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	65-74
17442976-4	2007	Adenosine and NECA markedly induced HO-1 and blocked LPS-induced TNF-alpha production via adenosine A2aR-mediated signaling; blocking of HO-1 by RNA interference abrogated the effects of adenosine and NECA on TNF-alpha.	Adenosine	0-9	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	137-141
17442976-4	2007	Adenosine and NECA markedly induced HO-1 and blocked LPS-induced TNF-alpha production via adenosine A2aR-mediated signaling; blocking of HO-1 by RNA interference abrogated the effects of adenosine and NECA on TNF-alpha.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	209-218
17314200-2	2007	Therefore, it is conceivable that cAMP could function as a circulating adenosine prohormone by local target-organ conversion of distally released cAMP to adenosine via the sequential actions of ectophosphodiesterase and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (cAMP==> AMP==> adenosine; called the cAMP-adenosine pathway).	Adenosine	71-80	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
17314200-5	2007	Therefore, we hypothesize that the pancreas, via glucagon, stimulates hepatic cAMP production, which provides circulating cAMP for conversion to adenosine in the kidney via the cAMP-adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	145-154	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	78-82
17314200-5	2007	Therefore, we hypothesize that the pancreas, via glucagon, stimulates hepatic cAMP production, which provides circulating cAMP for conversion to adenosine in the kidney via the cAMP-adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	145-154	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	122-126
17314200-5	2007	Therefore, we hypothesize that the pancreas, via glucagon, stimulates hepatic cAMP production, which provides circulating cAMP for conversion to adenosine in the kidney via the cAMP-adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	145-154	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	122-126
17314200-5	2007	Therefore, we hypothesize that the pancreas, via glucagon, stimulates hepatic cAMP production, which provides circulating cAMP for conversion to adenosine in the kidney via the cAMP-adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	182-191	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	78-82
17314200-5	2007	Therefore, we hypothesize that the pancreas, via glucagon, stimulates hepatic cAMP production, which provides circulating cAMP for conversion to adenosine in the kidney via the cAMP-adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	182-191	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	122-126
17314200-5	2007	Therefore, we hypothesize that the pancreas, via glucagon, stimulates hepatic cAMP production, which provides circulating cAMP for conversion to adenosine in the kidney via the cAMP-adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	182-191	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	122-126
17314200-6	2007	In normal rats, intravenous cAMP increased urinary and renal interstitial (assessed by renal microdialysis) cAMP and adenosine.	Adenosine	117-126	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
17314200-10	2007	We conclude that circulating cAMP is a substrate for local conversion to adenosine via the cAMP-adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	73-82	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	29-33
17314200-10	2007	We conclude that circulating cAMP is a substrate for local conversion to adenosine via the cAMP-adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	73-82	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	91-95
17314200-10	2007	We conclude that circulating cAMP is a substrate for local conversion to adenosine via the cAMP-adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	96-105	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	29-33
17314200-10	2007	We conclude that circulating cAMP is a substrate for local conversion to adenosine via the cAMP-adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	96-105	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	91-95
17314200-11	2007	A specific manifestation of this is the pancreatohepatorenal cAMP-adenosine mechanism (pancreas==> portal glucagon==> liver==> circulating cAMP==> kidney==> local cAMP-adenosine pathway).	Adenosine	66-75	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
17314200-11	2007	A specific manifestation of this is the pancreatohepatorenal cAMP-adenosine mechanism (pancreas==> portal glucagon==> liver==> circulating cAMP==> kidney==> local cAMP-adenosine pathway).	Adenosine	66-75	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	148-152
17314200-11	2007	A specific manifestation of this is the pancreatohepatorenal cAMP-adenosine mechanism (pancreas==> portal glucagon==> liver==> circulating cAMP==> kidney==> local cAMP-adenosine pathway).	Adenosine	66-75	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	148-152
17473446-5	2007	The mENT2-mediated uptake of adenosine was significantly inhibited by nucleosides and nucleobases, irrespective of purine and pyrimidine.	Adenosine	29-38	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 2	Mus musculus	4-9
17314200-2	2007	Therefore, it is conceivable that cAMP could function as a circulating adenosine prohormone by local target-organ conversion of distally released cAMP to adenosine via the sequential actions of ectophosphodiesterase and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (cAMP==> AMP==> adenosine; called the cAMP-adenosine pathway).	Adenosine	71-80	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	146-150
17314200-2	2007	Therefore, it is conceivable that cAMP could function as a circulating adenosine prohormone by local target-organ conversion of distally released cAMP to adenosine via the sequential actions of ectophosphodiesterase and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (cAMP==> AMP==> adenosine; called the cAMP-adenosine pathway).	Adenosine	71-80	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	146-150
17314200-2	2007	Therefore, it is conceivable that cAMP could function as a circulating adenosine prohormone by local target-organ conversion of distally released cAMP to adenosine via the sequential actions of ectophosphodiesterase and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (cAMP==> AMP==> adenosine; called the cAMP-adenosine pathway).	Adenosine	71-80	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	146-150
17314200-2	2007	Therefore, it is conceivable that cAMP could function as a circulating adenosine prohormone by local target-organ conversion of distally released cAMP to adenosine via the sequential actions of ectophosphodiesterase and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (cAMP==> AMP==> adenosine; called the cAMP-adenosine pathway).	Adenosine	154-163	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
17314200-2	2007	Therefore, it is conceivable that cAMP could function as a circulating adenosine prohormone by local target-organ conversion of distally released cAMP to adenosine via the sequential actions of ectophosphodiesterase and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (cAMP==> AMP==> adenosine; called the cAMP-adenosine pathway).	Adenosine	154-163	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
17408751-4	2007	Adenosine exerts effects through A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3) adenosine receptor subtypes (A(1)AR, A(2A)AR, A(2B)AR, and A(3)AR), which are all expressed in myocardial and vascular cells, and couple to G proteins to trigger a range of responses (generally, but not always, beneficial).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	121-127
17457327-1	2007	This Commentary aims to integrate or interrelate the available in vivo data with the in vitro study by Ren and co-workers, which comes to the somewhat surprising conclusion that tubuloglomerular feedback activation vasodilates the efferent arteriole by an adenosine-dependent mechanism.	Adenosine	256-265	renin	Homo sapiens	103-106
17227950-0	2007	Enhanced CXCL1 production and angiogenesis in adenosine-mediated lung disease.	Adenosine	46-55	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1	Mus musculus	9-14
17172269-4	2007	Phosphorylation of AMPK and p38 MAPK each were increased fourfold by adenosine, and these effects were inhibited by either SB202190 or SB203580.	Adenosine	69-78	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	19-23
17172269-6	2007	Attenuation of the adenosine-induced increase in AMPK and p38 MAPK phosphorylation by SB202190 and SB203580 occurred independently of any change in tissue ATP-to-AMP ratio and did not alter glucose uptake, but it was accompanied by an increase in glycogen synthesis and glycogen content and by inhibition of glycolysis and proton production.	Adenosine	19-28	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	49-53
17342182-10	2007	It was potentiated to 4.0+/-0.3 microm by adding hexokinase, which enhances conversion of ATP into adenosine.	Adenosine	99-108	hexokinase-2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	49-59
17227950-6	2007	Levels of the angiogenic chemokine CXCL1 (mouse functional homologue of human IL-8) were found to be elevated in an adenosine-dependent manner in the lungs of ADA-deficient mice.	Adenosine	116-125	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1	Mus musculus	35-40
17227950-6	2007	Levels of the angiogenic chemokine CXCL1 (mouse functional homologue of human IL-8) were found to be elevated in an adenosine-dependent manner in the lungs of ADA-deficient mice.	Adenosine	116-125	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	78-82
17227950-8	2007	Our findings suggest that adenosine plays an important role, via CXCL1, in the induction of pulmonary angiogenesis.	Adenosine	26-35	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1	Mus musculus	65-70
17389480-3	2007	This study was conducted to examine the effects of adenosine, which is known to oppose thrombin-induced RhoA activation, thereby leading to myosin light chain dephosphorylation, on gap junctional intercellular communication and paracrine intercellular communication in cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells.	Adenosine	51-60	ras homolog family member A	Bos taurus	104-108
17321471-2	2007	In lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated macrophages adenosine strongly inhibits TNF-alpha release, but may also enhance PGE(2) generation.	Adenosine	52-61	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	80-89
17321471-4	2007	In LPS-stimulated mouse macrophages, adenosine potently inhibited TNF-alpha production and also potentiated PGE(2) release, though less potently (IC(50)=250 nM vs EC(50) approximately 8 microM, respectively).	Adenosine	37-46	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	66-75
17321471-10	2007	These results show that in this system, the inhibition of TNF-alpha release by adenosine is mediated by the A(2A) receptors whereas the enhancement of PGE(2) release appears to be mediated by the A(2B) receptors.	Adenosine	79-88	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	58-67
17518347-3	2007	Using an efficient convergent chemical approach we synthesized a phosphorylated version of the best delta4-dione/adenosine hybrid inhibitor of type 3 17beta-HSD previously reported.	Adenosine	113-122	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 13	Homo sapiens	150-160
17518347-8	2007	Two hypotheses are discussed to explain this result: 1) the phosphorylated adenosine moiety does not interact optimally with the cofactor-binding site and 2) the bisubstrate inhibitors, phosphorylated or not, interact only with the substrate-binding site of type 3 17beta-HSD.	Adenosine	75-84	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 13	Homo sapiens	265-275
17205396-1	2007	The enzyme adenosine kinase (AK) plays a key role in the regulation of intracellular and extracellular concentration of adenosine (Ado), which exhibits potent hormonal activity in cardiovascular, nervous and immune systems.	Adenosine	11-20	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	29-31
17205396-1	2007	The enzyme adenosine kinase (AK) plays a key role in the regulation of intracellular and extracellular concentration of adenosine (Ado), which exhibits potent hormonal activity in cardiovascular, nervous and immune systems.	Adenosine	131-134	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	11-27
17205396-1	2007	The enzyme adenosine kinase (AK) plays a key role in the regulation of intracellular and extracellular concentration of adenosine (Ado), which exhibits potent hormonal activity in cardiovascular, nervous and immune systems.	Adenosine	131-134	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	29-31
17310143-7	2007	KEY RESULTS: Adenosine inhibited the IL-18-induced up-regulation of ICAM-1 on human monocytes and it abolished the IL-18-enhanced production of IL-12, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha.	Adenosine	13-22	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	151-160
17205396-2	2007	In view of the pharmacological effects of Ado, there is much interest in identifying inhibitors of AK, which can augment its tissue-protective effects.	Adenosine	42-45	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	99-101
16824629-6	2007	About 6% of the total adenosine uptake was sensitive to nitrobenzylmercaptopurine riboside (NBMPR); however, 94% was insensitive, suggesting that adenosine uptake by H9c2 cells was predominantly mediated by the equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT)-2 and only mildly by ENT-1.	Adenosine	146-155	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	275-280
17279776-3	2007	To identify specific substrates, a mutant of PKCalpha (M417A) was constructed at the ATP binding site such that it could bind a sterically large ATP analogue derivatized through the N6 amino group of adenosine ([gamma-32P]-N6-phenyl-ATP).	Adenosine	200-209	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	45-53
17310143-7	2007	KEY RESULTS: Adenosine inhibited the IL-18-induced up-regulation of ICAM-1 on human monocytes and it abolished the IL-18-enhanced production of IL-12, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha.	Adenosine	13-22	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	165-174
17053161-7	2007	Adenosine also upregulated the production of TGF-beta and collagen I mRNA.	Adenosine	0-9	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	45-53
17304104-5	2007	The released ATP was converted to adenosine, which opposed the enhancing effects of HS on IL-2 production.	Adenosine	34-43	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	90-94
17304104-6	2007	We found that Jurkat and CD4+ primary human T cells express most abundantly the A2A and A2B adenosine receptor subtypes, which mediate the suppressive effects of adenosine, as the A2 receptor agonist CGS 21680 suppressed IL-2 production, whereas the A2 receptor antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2-propynyl)xanthine augmented the enhancing effect of HS on T-cell function.	Adenosine	92-101	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	221-225
17097637-9	2007	Since several p53-target genes and other apoptosis-related genes were up-regulated by Adox, we conclude that AdoHcy is involved in adenosine-induced apoptosis by altering gene expression.	Adenosine	131-140	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	14-17
17284517-5	2007	The wound-induced rapid activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways in HCE cells was attenuated by eliminating extracellular ATP, ADP and adenosine.	Adenosine	202-211	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	79-116
17284517-5	2007	The wound-induced rapid activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways in HCE cells was attenuated by eliminating extracellular ATP, ADP and adenosine.	Adenosine	202-211	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	118-121
17197188-5	2007	It was hypothesized that the aryl acetylenes, ABT-702, and adenosine bound to the active site of AK (closed form) in a similar manner with respect to the orientation of the heterocyclic base.	Adenosine	59-68	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	97-99
17030044-2	2007	The influence of adenosine on VIP enhancement of synaptic transmission in hippocampal slices was investigated.	Adenosine	17-26	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	30-33
17030044-3	2007	Facilitation of fEPSP slope by 1 nM VIP (23.3+/-1.3%) was turned into an inhibition (-12.1+/-3.4%) when extracellular endogenous adenosine was removed using adenosine deaminase (ADA, 1U/ml).	Adenosine	129-138	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	36-39
17030044-9	2007	In conclusion, VIP facilitation of synaptic transmission to hippocampal pyramidal cell dendrites is dependent on both A(1) and A(2A) receptor activation by endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	167-176	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	15-18
17030044-11	2007	This differential sensitivity to adenosine modulation might be due to the different VIP circuits contributing to VIP effects on pyramidal cell dendrites and pyramidal cell bodies.	Adenosine	33-42	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	84-87
17030044-11	2007	This differential sensitivity to adenosine modulation might be due to the different VIP circuits contributing to VIP effects on pyramidal cell dendrites and pyramidal cell bodies.	Adenosine	33-42	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	113-116
17056121-10	2007	Specifically, we will delineate how adenosine affects the production of superoxide, nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-12, IL-10, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).	Adenosine	36-45	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	164-198
17053161-8	2007	In conclusion, adenosine reversibly inhibits Ca2+ fluxes and chemotaxis of HSCs and upregulates TGF-beta and collagen I mRNA.	Adenosine	15-24	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	96-104
17053161-9	2007	We propose that adenosine provides 1) a "stop" signal to HSCs when they reach sites of tissue injury with high adenosine concentrations and 2) stimulates transdifferentiation of HSCs by upregulating collagen and TGF-beta production.	Adenosine	16-25	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	212-220
16924660-0	2006	Insulin restores glucose inhibition of adenosine transport by increasing the expression and activity of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 in human umbilical vein endothelium.	Adenosine	39-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
16951040-5	2007	Small physiological doses of endothelin-1 infused into the mid-left circumflex coronary artery caused quantitatively significant resting perfusion abnormalities that normalized after intracoronary adenosine but not consistently after intravenous adenosine used for diagnostic imaging.	Adenosine	246-255	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	29-41
16951040-8	2007	In an animal model without myocardial scar or flow-limiting stenosis, intracoronary endothelin-1 causes visually apparent, quantitatively significant, long-lasting myocardial perfusion defects at resting conditions that may persist or only partially improve after intravenous adenosine used for diagnostic imaging.	Adenosine	276-285	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	84-96
17099061-5	2007	Adenosine (50 microm) delayed TOC to 6.7 +/- 0.6 min, as did pretreatment with 10 microm 2-chloroadenosine (7.2 +/- 0.5 min) or 50 nm of A(1) adenosine receptor (AR) agonist N(6)-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) (6.7 +/- 0.3 min), but not A(2A)AR or A(3)AR agonists (20 nm 2-[4-(2-carboxyethyl) phenethylamino]-5" N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS21680) or 150 nm 2-chloro-N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-adenosine-5"-N-methyluronamide (Cl-IB-MECA), respectively).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	243-249
17852827-8	2007	There was a significant apoE genotype-by-treatment group interaction regarding the change in adenosine-stimulated flow (ANCOVA; p = 0.018) and CFR (p = 0.020) at the end of the study.	Adenosine	93-102	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	24-28
17065216-0	2006	Adenosine stimulates connexin 43 expression and gap junctional communication in pituitary folliculostellate cells.	Adenosine	0-9	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	21-32
17065216-6	2006	Adenosine (EC50: 0.5 microM) and NECA (universal adenosine receptor agonist; EC50 0.1 microM) stimulated connexin 43 (Cx43) mRNA and protein expression within 1-2 h in TtT/GF cells.	Adenosine	0-9	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	105-116
17065216-6	2006	Adenosine (EC50: 0.5 microM) and NECA (universal adenosine receptor agonist; EC50 0.1 microM) stimulated connexin 43 (Cx43) mRNA and protein expression within 1-2 h in TtT/GF cells.	Adenosine	0-9	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	118-122
16951040-3	2007	Therefore, in an animal model we tested the hypothesis that intracoronary endothelin-1 may cause myocardial perfusion abnormalities by positron emission tomography (PET) at resting conditions that may persist or only partially improve after intravenous adenosine stress in the absence of myocardial scar and flow-limiting stenosis.	Adenosine	253-262	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	74-86
16951040-5	2007	Small physiological doses of endothelin-1 infused into the mid-left circumflex coronary artery caused quantitatively significant resting perfusion abnormalities that normalized after intracoronary adenosine but not consistently after intravenous adenosine used for diagnostic imaging.	Adenosine	197-206	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	29-41
18029756-3	2007	In our previous work, we have succeeded in adenosine or DNA sensing by measuring the thrombin activity change resulting from adenosine or DNA binding to the AES.	Adenosine	43-52	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	85-93
18029756-3	2007	In our previous work, we have succeeded in adenosine or DNA sensing by measuring the thrombin activity change resulting from adenosine or DNA binding to the AES.	Adenosine	125-134	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	85-93
16924660-10	2006	In conclusion, insulin stimulation of overall adenosine transport results from increased hENT2 expression and activity via a NO-independent mechanism.	Adenosine	46-55	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	89-94
16924660-0	2006	Insulin restores glucose inhibition of adenosine transport by increasing the expression and activity of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 in human umbilical vein endothelium.	Adenosine	39-48	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	108-146
16924660-2	2006	Adenosine uptake via the human equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 (hENT1) and 2 (hENT2) has been proposed as a mechanism regulating adenosine plasma concentration, and therefore its vascular effects in human umbilical veins.	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	86-91
16924660-2	2006	Adenosine uptake via the human equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 (hENT1) and 2 (hENT2) has been proposed as a mechanism regulating adenosine plasma concentration, and therefore its vascular effects in human umbilical veins.	Adenosine	137-146	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	86-91
16924660-3	2006	Thus, altered expression and/or activity of hENT1 or hENT2 could lead to abnormal physiological plasma adenosine level.	Adenosine	103-112	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	53-58
16924660-4	2006	We have characterized insulin effect on adenosine transport in HUVEC cultured in normal (5 mM) or high (25 mM) D-glucose.	Adenosine	40-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
16924660-5	2006	Insulin (1 nM) increased overall adenosine transport associated with higher hENT2-, but lower hENT1-mediated transport in normal D-glucose.	Adenosine	33-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
16924660-10	2006	In conclusion, insulin stimulation of overall adenosine transport results from increased hENT2 expression and activity via a NO-independent mechanism.	Adenosine	46-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
17082591-3	2006	Adenosine suppressed proliferation and cytokine secretion of Th1 and Th2 effector cells, even when target cells were activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28.	Adenosine	0-9	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	61-64
17056128-2	2006	Adenosine levels are regulated mainly by adenosine kinase (ADK), an enzyme that is responsible for the removal of adenosine via phosphorylation to AMP.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	41-57
17056128-2	2006	Adenosine levels are regulated mainly by adenosine kinase (ADK), an enzyme that is responsible for the removal of adenosine via phosphorylation to AMP.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	59-62
17056128-2	2006	Adenosine levels are regulated mainly by adenosine kinase (ADK), an enzyme that is responsible for the removal of adenosine via phosphorylation to AMP.	Adenosine	41-50	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	59-62
17056128-7	2006	In recent years, novel treatment strategies have been developed that make use of the intracerebral transplantation of cells that are ADK deficient and, thus, release adenosine.	Adenosine	166-175	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	133-136
17113000-6	2006	Increased regional perfusion was identified in areas overexpressing VEGF (myocardial blood flow during adenosine-induced vasodilation 1.47 +/- 0.49 vs. 1.14 +/- 0.27 ml/g/min in remote areas; p = 0.01), corroborating in vivo effects on microvascular tone and permeability.	Adenosine	103-112	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	68-72
16648181-6	2006	AMPK phosphorylation was not affected by transient ischemia; however, phosphorylation and activity were increased nine- and threefold, respectively, by adenosine in stressed hearts.	Adenosine	152-161	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
16956888-1	2006	RNA editing via the conversion of adenosine (A) to inosine (I) is catalyzed by two major families of adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs), ADAR1 and ADAR2.	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1	Mus musculus	155-160
16981003-7	2006	The adenosine receptor antagonist 8-(p-sulphophenyl)theophylline reduced the responses to adenosine and the hyperaemic responses to ATP and beta,gamma-mATP only.	Adenosine	4-13	solute carrier family 45, member 2	Mus musculus	151-155
18404461-6	2006	Furthermore, functional assays of inhibition of 10 muM forskolin-stimulated cAMP production via the adenosine A3 receptor revealed that the new trisubstituted adenosine derivatives behave as full agonist of this receptor subtype.	Adenosine	100-109	latexin	Homo sapiens	51-54
16648181-11	2006	These data demonstrate that adenosine-induced activation of AMPK after transient ischemia is not sufficient to alter palmitate oxidation or glucose uptake.	Adenosine	28-37	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	60-64
17021714-1	2006	Adenosine can suppress the release of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) from activated monocytes and macrophages, and may contribute to the anti-inflammatory activities of methotrexate and sulphasalazine.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	68-77
17041727-2	2006	In this study, we examined the relation between adenosine-3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) cascade and suppression of synaptic transmission by endogenous adenosine through adenosine A1 receptor in the CA2 area.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine A1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	173-194
17041727-2	2006	In this study, we examined the relation between adenosine-3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) cascade and suppression of synaptic transmission by endogenous adenosine through adenosine A1 receptor in the CA2 area.	Adenosine	48-57	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	202-205
16709437-1	2006	Adenosine kinase deficient (Adk-/-) embryonic stem cells (ESCs) encapsulated in synthetic polymers have previously been shown to provide therapeutic adenosine release and transient seizure suppression in epileptic rats.	Adenosine	149-158	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-16
16917093-7	2006	Adenosine (1 micromol/L) decreased the fMLP-induced MMP-9 secretion by 30+/-2% (n=8, P<0.001).	Adenosine	0-9	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	39-43
16707553-1	2006	Focus on "Adenosine downregulates DPPIV on HT-29 colon cancer cells by stimulating protein tyrosine phosphatases and reducing ERK1/2 activity via a novel pathway".	Adenosine	10-19	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	126-132
16891550-1	2006	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is a key enzyme that regulates intra- and extracellular levels of adenosine, thereby modulating methyltransferase reactions, production of polyamines and secondary compounds, and cell signaling in animals.	Adenosine	89-98	adenosine kinase	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-16
16891550-1	2006	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is a key enzyme that regulates intra- and extracellular levels of adenosine, thereby modulating methyltransferase reactions, production of polyamines and secondary compounds, and cell signaling in animals.	Adenosine	89-98	adenosine kinase	Arabidopsis thaliana	18-21
16611738-0	2006	Adenosine downregulates DPPIV on HT-29 colon cancer cells by stimulating protein tyrosine phosphatase(s) and reducing ERK1/2 activity via a novel pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	118-124
16709437-1	2006	Adenosine kinase deficient (Adk-/-) embryonic stem cells (ESCs) encapsulated in synthetic polymers have previously been shown to provide therapeutic adenosine release and transient seizure suppression in epileptic rats.	Adenosine	149-158	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
16709437-2	2006	Here we explored the utility of biopolymer-substrates to promote long-term adenosine release from Adk-/- ESCs.	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
16709437-7	2006	Adk-/- cells cultured on biopolymers released significantly more adenosine than their wt counterparts at all developmental stages.	Adenosine	65-74	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
16522819-4	2006	Adenosine compounds also desensitized IL-8- and MCP-1-induced chemotaxis, but not that induced by fMLP.	Adenosine	0-9	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	38-43
16750892-2	2006	Adenosine acting on A(2A) receptors increases the phosphorylation of dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of M(r) 32 kDa (DARPP-32) at Thr34 (the cAMP-dependent protein kinase [PKA] site) in striatopallidal neurons, and opposes dopamine D2 receptor signaling.	Adenosine	0-9	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B	Mus musculus	129-137
16750892-2	2006	Adenosine acting on A(2A) receptors increases the phosphorylation of dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of M(r) 32 kDa (DARPP-32) at Thr34 (the cAMP-dependent protein kinase [PKA] site) in striatopallidal neurons, and opposes dopamine D2 receptor signaling.	Adenosine	0-9	dopamine receptor D2	Mus musculus	235-255
16807541-10	2006	Treatment with Ado (10(-8) mol/l) increased the response upon Ang II, which was blocked by CPT.	Adenosine	15-18	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	62-68
18404487-6	2006	The ecto-5" nucleotidase inhibitor alphabetamADP prevented the production adenosine by the apical membrane of the bovine RPE.	Adenosine	74-83	5'-nucleotidase	Bos taurus	4-24
16885379-8	2006	We conclude that the inhibitory effects of adenosine are probably mediated via cAMP-dependent activation of the RI subunits of PKA I but are independent of the catalytic activity of PKA.	Adenosine	43-52	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	79-83
16849509-0	2006	The adenosine system selectively inhibits TLR-mediated TNF-alpha production in the human newborn.	Adenosine	4-13	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	55-64
16849509-5	2006	The neonatal adenosine system also inhibits TNF-alpha production in response to whole microbial particles known to express TLR2 agonist activity, including Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli (that express BLPs), and zymosan particles.	Adenosine	13-22	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	44-53
16849509-6	2006	Selective inhibition of neonatal TNF-alpha production is due to the distinct neonatal adenosine system, including relatively high adenosine concentrations in neonatal blood plasma and heightened sensitivity of neonatal mononuclear cells to adenosine A3 receptor-mediated accumulation of cAMP, a second messenger that inhibits TLR-mediated TNF-alpha synthesis but preserves IL-6 production.	Adenosine	86-95	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	33-42
16849509-6	2006	Selective inhibition of neonatal TNF-alpha production is due to the distinct neonatal adenosine system, including relatively high adenosine concentrations in neonatal blood plasma and heightened sensitivity of neonatal mononuclear cells to adenosine A3 receptor-mediated accumulation of cAMP, a second messenger that inhibits TLR-mediated TNF-alpha synthesis but preserves IL-6 production.	Adenosine	130-139	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	33-42
16805847-10	2006	In summary, adenosine can stop the rise in Ca2+ and cell death resulting from stimulation of the P2X7 receptor on RGCs, with the A3 adenosine receptor contributing to this protection.	Adenosine	12-21	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	97-110
16234312-0	2006	Adenosine inhibits ENaC via cytochrome P-450 epoxygenase-dependent metabolites of arachidonic acid.	Adenosine	0-9	sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit gamma	Rattus norvegicus	19-23
16839358-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: von Willebrand factor (VWF) is acutely released from endothelial cells in response to numerous calcium-raising agents (e.g. thrombin, histamine) and cAMP-raising agents (e.g. epinephrine, adenosine, vasopressin).	Adenosine	199-208	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	11-32
16839358-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: von Willebrand factor (VWF) is acutely released from endothelial cells in response to numerous calcium-raising agents (e.g. thrombin, histamine) and cAMP-raising agents (e.g. epinephrine, adenosine, vasopressin).	Adenosine	199-208	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	34-37
16848745-3	2006	Our group previously synthesized hybrid (estradiol/adenosine) inhibitors that successfully inhibit the biosynthesis of the potent estrogen estradiol by type 1 17beta-HSD.	Adenosine	51-60	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	159-169
16469385-12	2006	Extracellular adenosine, thus, appears to activate caspase-9 followed by the effector caspase, caspase-3, at least via two independent pathways linked to A(1) adenosine receptor-mediated adenylate cyclase inhibition and adenosine uptake into cells/conversion to AMP/activation of AMPK, possibly regardless of mitochondrial damage, thereby leading to RCR-1 cell death, dominantly by apoptosis.	Adenosine	14-23	caspase 9	Rattus norvegicus	51-60
16469385-12	2006	Extracellular adenosine, thus, appears to activate caspase-9 followed by the effector caspase, caspase-3, at least via two independent pathways linked to A(1) adenosine receptor-mediated adenylate cyclase inhibition and adenosine uptake into cells/conversion to AMP/activation of AMPK, possibly regardless of mitochondrial damage, thereby leading to RCR-1 cell death, dominantly by apoptosis.	Adenosine	14-23	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	280-284
16469385-12	2006	Extracellular adenosine, thus, appears to activate caspase-9 followed by the effector caspase, caspase-3, at least via two independent pathways linked to A(1) adenosine receptor-mediated adenylate cyclase inhibition and adenosine uptake into cells/conversion to AMP/activation of AMPK, possibly regardless of mitochondrial damage, thereby leading to RCR-1 cell death, dominantly by apoptosis.	Adenosine	159-168	caspase 9	Rattus norvegicus	51-60
16816141-8	2006	Moreover, adenosine tonically inhibits the renal release of renin and stimulates NaCl transport in the cortical proximal tubule but inhibits it in medullary segments including the medullary thick ascending limb.	Adenosine	10-19	renin	Homo sapiens	60-65
16682012-0	2006	Adenosine modulates vascular endothelial growth factor expression via hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in human glioblastoma cells.	Adenosine	0-9	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	20-54
16682012-0	2006	Adenosine modulates vascular endothelial growth factor expression via hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in human glioblastoma cells.	Adenosine	0-9	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	70-96
16682012-4	2006	The results indicate that in the human hypoxic A172 and U87MG glioblastoma cell lines adenosine up-regulates HIF-1alpha protein expression via the A(3) receptor subtype.	Adenosine	86-95	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	109-119
16682012-6	2006	We found that A(3) antagonists inhibit adenosine-induced HIF-1alpha and VEGF protein accumulation in the hypoxic cells.	Adenosine	39-48	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	57-67
16682012-6	2006	We found that A(3) antagonists inhibit adenosine-induced HIF-1alpha and VEGF protein accumulation in the hypoxic cells.	Adenosine	39-48	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	72-76
16673448-5	2006	We analyzed several knockout and transgenic mouse lines and found that adenosine-induced killing of mouse thymocytes requires Bim, occurs independently of "death receptor" signaling and is inhibited by Bcl-2 and Nur77.	Adenosine	71-80	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	202-207
16640329-9	2006	Unlike 10, adenosine activated the wild-type A(3)AR (EC(50) of 1.0 microM), but had no effect on the H272E mutant A(3)AR (100 microM).	Adenosine	11-20	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	45-51
18404476-5	2006	The enzymatic action of NPP1-3 (in)directly results in the termination of nucleotide signaling, the salvage of nucleotides and/or the generation of new messengers like ADP, adenosine or pyrophosphate.	Adenosine	173-182	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	24-30
16689530-4	2006	As a target molecule-binding aptamer, an adenosine-binding aptamer was inserted into the G-quartet structure of the thrombin-inhibiting aptamer to enable the change of the G-quartet structure upon the recognition of adenosine.	Adenosine	41-50	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	116-124
16689530-4	2006	As a target molecule-binding aptamer, an adenosine-binding aptamer was inserted into the G-quartet structure of the thrombin-inhibiting aptamer to enable the change of the G-quartet structure upon the recognition of adenosine.	Adenosine	216-225	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	116-124
16689530-5	2006	In the present study, the change in the G-quartet structure led to a change in the thrombin inhibition activity, and adenosine was successfully detected by measuring the thrombin activity in a homogeneous solution without bound/free separation.	Adenosine	117-126	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	83-91
16689530-5	2006	In the present study, the change in the G-quartet structure led to a change in the thrombin inhibition activity, and adenosine was successfully detected by measuring the thrombin activity in a homogeneous solution without bound/free separation.	Adenosine	117-126	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	170-178
16234312-0	2006	Adenosine inhibits ENaC via cytochrome P-450 epoxygenase-dependent metabolites of arachidonic acid.	Adenosine	0-9	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-44
16361361-7	2006	ATP, adenosine, and UTP significantly stimulated MMP-2 release in the presence of IL-1beta (300 nM ATP: 181 +/- 22%, P = 0.003; 30 microm adenosine: 244 +/- 150%, P = 0.001; and 200 microm UTP: 153 +/- 40%, P = 0.015; vs. 100% constitutive).	Adenosine	5-14	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	82-90
16234312-1	2006	We used the patch-clamp technique to examine the effect of adenosine on epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity in rat cortical collecting duct (CCD).	Adenosine	59-68	sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit gamma	Rattus norvegicus	99-103
16361361-7	2006	ATP, adenosine, and UTP significantly stimulated MMP-2 release in the presence of IL-1beta (300 nM ATP: 181 +/- 22%, P = 0.003; 30 microm adenosine: 244 +/- 150%, P = 0.001; and 200 microm UTP: 153 +/- 40%, P = 0.015; vs. 100% constitutive).	Adenosine	138-147	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	82-90
16399952-0	2006	Adenosine regulation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator through prostenoids in airway epithelia.	Adenosine	0-9	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	24-75
16234312-2	2006	Application of adenosine inhibits ENaC activity, and the effect of adenosine was mimicked by cyclohexyladenosine (CHA), an A(1) adenosine-receptor agonist that reduced channel activity from 1.32 to 0.64.	Adenosine	15-24	sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit gamma	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
16399952-2	2006	Here we investigated regulation of CFTR in airway cell monolayers by adenosine, adenosine receptors, and arachidonic acid.	Adenosine	69-78	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	35-39
16234312-8	2006	This suggests a role of arachidonic acid (AA) in mediating the effect of adenosine on ENaC.	Adenosine	73-82	sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit gamma	Rattus norvegicus	86-90
16399952-3	2006	Our studies demonstrate that the A2B adenosine receptor is expressed at high levels relative to the other adenosine receptor subtypes, with a characteristic low-affinity profile for adenosine-stimulated CFTR Cl- currents in both Calu-3 cells and CFBE41o- airway cell monolayers stably transduced with wild-type CFTR.	Adenosine	37-46	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	203-207
16399952-3	2006	Our studies demonstrate that the A2B adenosine receptor is expressed at high levels relative to the other adenosine receptor subtypes, with a characteristic low-affinity profile for adenosine-stimulated CFTR Cl- currents in both Calu-3 cells and CFBE41o- airway cell monolayers stably transduced with wild-type CFTR.	Adenosine	37-46	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	311-315
16399952-4	2006	The levels of adenosine found in sputum from patients with cystic fibrosis with moderate to severe lung disease stimulated apical prostaglandin release in Calu-3 and CFBE41o- cells, implicating adenosine regulation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity.	Adenosine	14-23	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	218-234
16399952-4	2006	The levels of adenosine found in sputum from patients with cystic fibrosis with moderate to severe lung disease stimulated apical prostaglandin release in Calu-3 and CFBE41o- cells, implicating adenosine regulation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity.	Adenosine	14-23	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	236-240
16399952-4	2006	The levels of adenosine found in sputum from patients with cystic fibrosis with moderate to severe lung disease stimulated apical prostaglandin release in Calu-3 and CFBE41o- cells, implicating adenosine regulation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity.	Adenosine	194-203	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	218-234
16399952-4	2006	The levels of adenosine found in sputum from patients with cystic fibrosis with moderate to severe lung disease stimulated apical prostaglandin release in Calu-3 and CFBE41o- cells, implicating adenosine regulation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity.	Adenosine	194-203	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	236-240
16234312-12	2006	This suggests that CYP epoxygenase-dependent metabolites of AA mediate the effect of adenosine.	Adenosine	85-94	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
16234312-14	2006	J Gen Physiol 124: 719-727, 2004), we examined the role of 11,12-EET in mediating the effect of adenosine on ENaC.	Adenosine	96-105	sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit gamma	Rattus norvegicus	109-113
16234312-15	2006	Addition of 11,12-EET inhibited ENaC channels in the CCD in which adenosine-induced inhibition was blocked by AACOCF3.	Adenosine	66-75	sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit gamma	Rattus norvegicus	32-36
16234312-16	2006	We conclude that adenosine inhibits ENaC activity by stimulation of the A(1) adenosine receptor in the CCD and that the effect of adenosine is mediated by 11,12-EET.	Adenosine	17-26	sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit gamma	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
16234312-16	2006	We conclude that adenosine inhibits ENaC activity by stimulation of the A(1) adenosine receptor in the CCD and that the effect of adenosine is mediated by 11,12-EET.	Adenosine	77-86	sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit gamma	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
16539849-10	2006	At 48 h after treatment, 3 mmol/L adenosine increased caspase-3 activity 3.5-fold; dipyridamole markedly decreased caspase-3 activity 1.6-fold, and decreased apoptotic cell numbers.	Adenosine	34-43	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	54-63
16631419-5	2006	As the inhibitory activities of 1 and 2 for PARP were much more potent than those of the unsubstituted nicotinamide analogues, these results suggest that the occupation of the proximal region of the ADP phosphate-and adenosine-binding subsite of the donor site or that of the gap between the donor and the acceptor site by the 1-substituent of quinazoline may increase the inhibitory activity considerably.	Adenosine	217-226	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	44-48
16539849-12	2006	CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that adenosine-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells is related to intracellular events rather than cell surface receptors, and that a caspase-3 cascade activation is required, which is not mediated via a mitochondrial pathway.	Adenosine	37-46	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	162-171
16443788-9	2006	During adenosine infusion, insulin enhanced MBF by 20% (P = 0.018) in ischemic regions and 18% (P = 0.045) in nonischemic regions.	Adenosine	7-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
16278075-9	2006	These results reinforce the participation of adenosine in the modulation of P50 sensory gating and suggest that caffeine ingestion should be controlled for in the P50 sensory gating paradigm.	Adenosine	45-54	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	76-79
16339914-0	2006	Adenosine inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha release from mouse peritoneal macrophages via A2A and A2B but not the A3 adenosine receptor.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	19-46
16339914-1	2006	Adenosine is elaborated in injured tissues where it suppresses inflammatory responses of essentially all immune cells, including production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	177-204
16339914-1	2006	Adenosine is elaborated in injured tissues where it suppresses inflammatory responses of essentially all immune cells, including production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	206-215
16324785-4	2006	Adenosine and Cl-IB-MECA, a specific adenosine A3 receptor agonist, suppressed LPS-induced TNF-alpha protein and mRNA levels.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	91-100
16214844-8	2006	These data suggest that 1) systemic C activation can underlie cardiac anaphylaxis, 2) C5a plays a causal role in the reaction, 3) adenosine action via A1 receptors may explain paradoxical bradycardia, and 4) inhibition of C5a formation or action or of A1-receptor function may alleviate the acute cardiotoxicity of liposomal drugs and other intravenous agents that activate C.	Adenosine	130-139	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	222-225
16487508-0	2006	Involvement of Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ releasing system in interleukin-1beta-associated adenosine release.	Adenosine	84-93	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	55-72
16487508-4	2006	Lower concentration of IL-1beta increased both adenosine releases, whereas higher concentration did not affect their releases.	Adenosine	47-56	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	23-31
16487508-5	2006	The stimulatory effect of IL-1beta on basal adenosine release was reduced by removal of extracellular Ca2+ and IP3 receptor inhibitor, while the stimulatory effect of IL-1beta on K(+)-stimulated adenosine release was reduced by ryanodine receptor inhibitor.	Adenosine	44-53	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	26-34
16487508-5	2006	The stimulatory effect of IL-1beta on basal adenosine release was reduced by removal of extracellular Ca2+ and IP3 receptor inhibitor, while the stimulatory effect of IL-1beta on K(+)-stimulated adenosine release was reduced by ryanodine receptor inhibitor.	Adenosine	195-204	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	167-175
16487508-6	2006	These results suggest that the potent effect of IL-1beta upon adenosine release might contribute to the neuroprotective action of IL-1beta, whereas IL-1beta-induced neurodegeneration might be due to the overload response of Ca2+ mobilization and the inactivation of adenosine exocytosis.	Adenosine	62-71	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	48-56
16487508-6	2006	These results suggest that the potent effect of IL-1beta upon adenosine release might contribute to the neuroprotective action of IL-1beta, whereas IL-1beta-induced neurodegeneration might be due to the overload response of Ca2+ mobilization and the inactivation of adenosine exocytosis.	Adenosine	62-71	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	130-138
16487508-6	2006	These results suggest that the potent effect of IL-1beta upon adenosine release might contribute to the neuroprotective action of IL-1beta, whereas IL-1beta-induced neurodegeneration might be due to the overload response of Ca2+ mobilization and the inactivation of adenosine exocytosis.	Adenosine	62-71	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	130-138
16487508-6	2006	These results suggest that the potent effect of IL-1beta upon adenosine release might contribute to the neuroprotective action of IL-1beta, whereas IL-1beta-induced neurodegeneration might be due to the overload response of Ca2+ mobilization and the inactivation of adenosine exocytosis.	Adenosine	266-275	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	48-56
16183671-0	2006	Adenosine induces fibronectin expression in lung epithelial cells: implications for airway remodeling.	Adenosine	0-9	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	18-29
16183671-4	2006	In A549 lung epithelial cells, we found that adenosine induced expression of fibronectin mRNA and protein in a dose- and time-dependent manner and found that the stimulatory effect of adenosine was inhibited by specific adenosine receptor antagonists.	Adenosine	45-54	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	77-88
16183671-4	2006	In A549 lung epithelial cells, we found that adenosine induced expression of fibronectin mRNA and protein in a dose- and time-dependent manner and found that the stimulatory effect of adenosine was inhibited by specific adenosine receptor antagonists.	Adenosine	184-193	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	77-88
16183671-5	2006	Adenosine stimulation was associated with increased levels of intracellular cAMP and with phosphorylation and DNA binding of the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), known for its ability to stimulate fibronectin gene transcription.	Adenosine	0-9	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	210-221
16183671-8	2006	Finally, we tested primary lung fibroblasts and primary alveolar epithelial type II cells and found increased fibronectin expression in response to adenosine.	Adenosine	148-157	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	110-121
16183671-9	2006	Overall, our observations suggest that adenosine might modulate tissue remodeling by stimulating fibronectin expression in lung epithelial cells through induction of purinergic receptor-mediated signals that target CREB phosphorylation and stimulate fibronectin gene transcription.	Adenosine	39-48	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	97-108
16183671-9	2006	Overall, our observations suggest that adenosine might modulate tissue remodeling by stimulating fibronectin expression in lung epithelial cells through induction of purinergic receptor-mediated signals that target CREB phosphorylation and stimulate fibronectin gene transcription.	Adenosine	39-48	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	250-261
16339914-6	2006	Furthermore, the potency and efficacy of adenosine to inhibit TNF-alpha release from WT macrophages were not influenced by blocking A(2B)ARs with MRS 1754.	Adenosine	41-50	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	62-71
16339914-7	2006	The data indicate that adenosine suppresses TNF-alpha release from macrophages primarily via A(2A)ARs, although the A(2B)AR seems to play an underlying inhibitory role that may contribute to the anti-inflammatory actions of adenosine under select circumstances.	Adenosine	23-32	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	44-53
16324785-5	2006	Moreover, MRS1523, a selective A3 receptor antagonist, blocked suppressive effects of both adenosine and Cl-IB-MECA on TNF-alpha.	Adenosine	91-100	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	119-128
16324785-7	2006	Adenosine inhibited LPS-induced phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase activation and Akt phosphorylation, whereas it had no effect on the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2.	Adenosine	0-9	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	82-85
16324785-8	2006	We also found that adenosine as well as Cl-IB-MECA inhibited LPS-induced NF-kappaB DNA binding and luciferase reporter activity.	Adenosine	19-28	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	73-82
16472475-8	2006	During HD, there was a significant increase in the ADO to Alb ratio (before HD: 0.077+/-0.02; after HD: 0.09+/-0.029; p<.01).	Adenosine	51-54	albumin	Homo sapiens	58-61
16475990-2	2006	Editing is thought to be catalysed by the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA1 (ADAR1) of which two different forms exist, interferon (IFN)-alpha-inducible ADAR1-L and constitutively expressed ADAR1-S. ADAR1-L is hypothesized to be a part of the innate cellular immune system, responsible for deaminating adenosines in viral dsRNAs.	Adenosine	303-313	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	121-143
16508015-1	2006	The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, acting through the downstream kinase MK2, regulates the stability of many proinflammatory mRNAs that contain adenosine/uridine-rich elements (AREs).	Adenosine	176-185	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	4-7
16508015-1	2006	The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, acting through the downstream kinase MK2, regulates the stability of many proinflammatory mRNAs that contain adenosine/uridine-rich elements (AREs).	Adenosine	176-185	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	42-46
16431986-1	2006	The cleavage/polyadenylation factor (CPF) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is thought to provide the catalytic activities of the mRNA 3"-end processing machinery, which include endonucleolytic cleavage at the poly(A) site, followed by synthesis of an adenosine polymer onto the new 3"-end by the CPF subunit Pap1.	Adenosine	246-255	polynucleotide adenylyltransferase PAP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	303-307
16445284-4	2006	The recognition and stability of the coenzyme-CPR complex are largely determined by interaction with the adenosine moiety (K(d2)(")(,5)(")(-ADP) = 76 nM), regardless of the redox state of the nicotinamide moiety.	Adenosine	105-114	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Homo sapiens	46-49
16418778-15	2006	In HCC1 cells, adenosine has a potent stimulatory action on IL-6 secretion but an inhibitory action on OPG expression.	Adenosine	15-24	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	60-64
16413574-3	2006	Herein, we examined whether TNF can affect endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO)-mediated dilation of coronary arterioles to adenosine and whether inflammatory signaling pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinases, ceramide sphingolipids, and oxidative stress are involved in the TNF-mediated effect.	Adenosine	127-136	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	28-31
16418778-0	2006	Human osteoblast precursors produce extracellular adenosine, which modulates their secretion of IL-6 and osteoprotegerin.	Adenosine	50-59	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	96-100
16418778-2	2006	Adenosine stimulated IL-6 but inhibited osteoprotegerin secretion, suggesting that adenosine is a newly described regulator of progenitor cell function.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	21-25
16413574-5	2006	Intraluminal treatment with TNF (1 ng/ml, 90 min) significantly attenuated the NO release and vasodilation to adenosine.	Adenosine	110-119	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	28-31
16413574-11	2006	Because myocardial ischemia augments adenosine production and elevates TNF level, inhibiting adenosine-stimulated endothelial release of NO by TNF could contribute to inadequate regulation of coronary blood flow during the development of ischemic heart disease.	Adenosine	93-102	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	71-74
16413574-11	2006	Because myocardial ischemia augments adenosine production and elevates TNF level, inhibiting adenosine-stimulated endothelial release of NO by TNF could contribute to inadequate regulation of coronary blood flow during the development of ischemic heart disease.	Adenosine	93-102	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	143-146
16357571-9	2006	The existence of crosstalk between EGFR and other receptor systems may provide new clues regarding the activity of acetylcholine, adenosine and other agonists of G-protein-coupled receptors and other receptor families on mucin secretion.	Adenosine	130-139	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	35-39
16444581-1	2006	The enzyme adenosine kinase (AK) plays a central role in regulating the intracellular and interstitial concentration of the purine nucleoside adenosine (Ado).	Adenosine	153-156	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	11-27
16444581-1	2006	The enzyme adenosine kinase (AK) plays a central role in regulating the intracellular and interstitial concentration of the purine nucleoside adenosine (Ado).	Adenosine	153-156	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	29-31
16444581-2	2006	In view of the beneficial effects of Ado in protecting tissues from ischemia and other stresses, there is much interest in developing AK inhibitors, which can regulate Ado concentration in a site- and event-specific manner.	Adenosine	168-171	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	134-136
16399217-1	2006	The impact of age on the enzymatic activities of adenosine metabolic enzymes, i.e., adenosine deaminase, adenosine kinase, cytosolic- and ecto-5"-nucleotidase have been assessed in the brain sleep/wake regulatory areas of young, intermediate and old rats (2, 12 and 24 months, respectively).	Adenosine	49-58	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	105-121
17101059-13	2006	The increase in A3AR level was counteracted in vitro by adenosine deaminase and mimicked in vivo by dipyridamole, demonstrating that receptor over-expression was mediated by adenosine.	Adenosine	56-65	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	16-20
17089216-1	2006	Adenosine deaminase is involved in purine metabolism and is a key enzyme for the control of the cellular levels of adenosine.	Adenosine	115-124	adenosine deaminase	Camelus bactrianus	0-19
17168717-5	2006	Through A(2B) receptors, adenosine also regulates the growth of smooth muscle cell populations in blood vessels, cell growth, intestinal function, inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-alpha), vascular tone, and inflammatory processes such as diarrhea and asthma.	Adenosine	25-34	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	161-182
17168717-5	2006	Through A(2B) receptors, adenosine also regulates the growth of smooth muscle cell populations in blood vessels, cell growth, intestinal function, inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-alpha), vascular tone, and inflammatory processes such as diarrhea and asthma.	Adenosine	25-34	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	184-193
16542053-1	2006	Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) belongs to an important family of proteins that regulates the intracellular level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).	Adenosine	119-128	phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens	0-19
16542053-1	2006	Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) belongs to an important family of proteins that regulates the intracellular level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).	Adenosine	119-128	phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens	21-25
16364844-9	2005	Hyperemic flow after adenosine infusion increased plasma vascular endothelial growth factor levels only before HELP-apheresis (+60%), indicating better ischemic tolerance after apheresis (p = 0.01).	Adenosine	21-30	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	57-91
17337770-0	2006	Adenosine-mediated inhibition of cytotoxic activity and cytokine production by IL-2/NKp46-activated NK cells: involvement of protein kinase A isozyme I (PKA I).	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	79-83
17337770-1	2006	Adenosine suppresses the production of various cytokines/ chemokines and inhibits the cytotoxic activity of murine and human NK cells activated with IL-2 or Ly49D, NKp46-receptor crosslinking, respectively.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	149-153
17060099-8	2006	Serum levels above the median of all normal ranged biomarkers sCD40L, TNF-alpha, IL-6, sICAM-1 and CRP were associated with an impaired MPRI for stimulation with adenosine as well as acetylcholine.	Adenosine	162-171	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	99-102
17060099-9	2006	In multivariable analyses, sCD40L (p < 0.001) and TNF-alpha (p = 0.011) were significantly associated with a decrease in MPRI on adenosine, as were TNF-alpha (p = 0.016) and sICAM-1 (p = 0.022) for a decrease in MPRI on acetylcholine.	Adenosine	132-141	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	53-62
16188954-4	2006	Treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with LPS (3 mug/ml) increased TNF-alpha release, which was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by adenosine analogs N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-adenosine-5"-N-methyluronamide (IB-MECA) and R-phenylisopropyladenosine and reversed by selective A(3)AR blockade.	Adenosine	126-135	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	59-68
16188954-4	2006	Treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with LPS (3 mug/ml) increased TNF-alpha release, which was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by adenosine analogs N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-adenosine-5"-N-methyluronamide (IB-MECA) and R-phenylisopropyladenosine and reversed by selective A(3)AR blockade.	Adenosine	126-135	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	262-268
16600525-14	2006	Adenosine can also account for the majority of basal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein expression in cultured myocardial vascular smooth muscle cells under normoxic conditions to stimulate the angiogenesis.	Adenosine	0-9	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	53-87
16600525-14	2006	Adenosine can also account for the majority of basal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein expression in cultured myocardial vascular smooth muscle cells under normoxic conditions to stimulate the angiogenesis.	Adenosine	0-9	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	89-93
16805429-4	2006	In the absence of growth factors, adenosine is mitogenic and associated with stimulation of the ERK/MAPK pathway in SCs.	Adenosine	34-43	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	96-99
16805429-5	2006	However, in the presence of growth factors (platelet-derived growth factor or neuregulin), adenosine has the opposite effect, inhibiting proliferation and ERK/MAPK activation.	Adenosine	91-100	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	155-158
16332511-6	2006	Adenosine challenge significantly increased the levels of eosinophil peroxidase, neutrophil myeloperoxidase and beta-hexosaminidase in BAL.	Adenosine	0-9	eosinophil peroxidase	Mus musculus	58-79
16332511-8	2006	The chemoattractant, eotaxin, was detected in BAL, which increased after adenosine challenge.	Adenosine	73-82	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11	Mus musculus	21-28
17065073-1	2006	Adenosine kinase is a well-known enzyme which catalyzes the phosphorylation of adenosine to AMP: Its metabolic and kinetic properties are well studied.	Adenosine	79-88	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-16
17065073-2	2006	Here, we report new properties of rat liver enzyme, demonstrating a new reaction: ADP can be a phosphate donor instead ATP, according to the reaction: adenosine + ADP --> 2AMP) demonstrating the efficiency of AdK to phosphorylate adenosine, also starting from ADP.	Adenosine	151-160	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	212-215
17065073-2	2006	Here, we report new properties of rat liver enzyme, demonstrating a new reaction: ADP can be a phosphate donor instead ATP, according to the reaction: adenosine + ADP --> 2AMP) demonstrating the efficiency of AdK to phosphorylate adenosine, also starting from ADP.	Adenosine	233-242	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	212-215
16339566-0	2005	Adenosine augments IL-10 production by macrophages through an A2B receptor-mediated posttranscriptional mechanism.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	19-24
16339566-8	2005	Adenosine enhanced binding of proteins to a region of the IL-10 3"-UTR containing the GUAUUUAUU nonamer.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	58-63
16275737-8	2005	However, recent experiments revealing that CBS domains can bind adenosine-containing ligands such ATP, AMP, or S-adenosylmethionine have led to the hypothesis that CBS domains function as sensors of intracellular metabolites.	Adenosine	64-73	cystathionine beta-synthase	Homo sapiens	43-46
16275737-8	2005	However, recent experiments revealing that CBS domains can bind adenosine-containing ligands such ATP, AMP, or S-adenosylmethionine have led to the hypothesis that CBS domains function as sensors of intracellular metabolites.	Adenosine	64-73	cystathionine beta-synthase	Homo sapiens	164-167
16403288-7	2005	When adenosine concentration was 1.0 mmol/L or higher, the aggregation induced by thrombin was significantly restrained.	Adenosine	5-14	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	82-90
16403288-8	2005	When concentration of adenosine was 0.75 mmol/L, platelet activation resulted from retreating could be inhibited and platelet aggregation induced by restocetin and thrombin were not affected markedly.	Adenosine	22-31	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	164-172
16413516-0	2005	Adenosine is a negative regulator of NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling in human intestinal epithelial cells.	Adenosine	0-9	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	37-46
16226730-1	2005	ENT1 is an equilibrative nucleoside transporter that enables trans-membrane bi-directional diffusion of biologically active purines such as adenosine.	Adenosine	140-149	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
16226730-10	2005	The functional significance of ENT1 expression with regard to the homeostatic regulation of adenosine at synapses remains to be established.	Adenosine	92-101	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
16218958-6	2005	As for pathways using adenosine, a straightforward assumption is that these pathways start with adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	96-112
16177079-2	2005	Adenosine is an endogenous ligand for four different adenosine receptor (AdoR) subtypes (AdoRA1, AdoRA2A, AdoRA2B, and AdoRA3).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	119-125
16242072-3	2005	Because the levels of both HIF-1 and adenosine are elevated within the hypoxic environment of solid tumors, we investigated whether adenosine may regulate HIF-1.	Adenosine	132-141	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	155-160
16242072-4	2005	Here we show that, under hypoxic conditions (< 2% O2), adenosine upregulates HIF-1alpha protein expression in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, exclusively through the A3 receptor subtype.	Adenosine	58-67	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	80-90
16242072-8	2005	Collectively, these results suggest a cooperation between hypoxic and adenosine signals that ultimately may lead to the increase in HIF-1-mediated effects in cancer cells.	Adenosine	70-79	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	132-137
16322943-8	2005	TNF-alpha significantly increased adenosine-induced membrane recruitment of A2bR and cyclic adenosine monophosphate downstream signaling.	Adenosine	34-43	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-9
16322943-9	2005	Further, TNF-alpha potentiated adenosine-induced shortcircuit current and fibronectin secretion.	Adenosine	31-40	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	9-18
16322943-9	2005	Further, TNF-alpha potentiated adenosine-induced shortcircuit current and fibronectin secretion.	Adenosine	31-40	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	74-85
16322943-10	2005	In conclusion, we demonstrated that TNF-alpha is an important regulator of A2bR, and during inflammation, upregulation of TNF-alpha may potentiate adenosine-mediated responses.	Adenosine	147-156	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	36-45
16322943-10	2005	In conclusion, we demonstrated that TNF-alpha is an important regulator of A2bR, and during inflammation, upregulation of TNF-alpha may potentiate adenosine-mediated responses.	Adenosine	147-156	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	122-131
16413516-2	2005	In this study, we hypothesized that adenosine directly affects pro-inflammatory gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells through modulation of NF-kappaB signaling.	Adenosine	36-45	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	149-158
16413516-4	2005	Adenosine pretreatment resulted in a reduction in IL-8 expression and secretion in response to TNF-alpha, IL-1, LPS, and PMA.	Adenosine	0-9	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	50-54
16413516-4	2005	Adenosine pretreatment resulted in a reduction in IL-8 expression and secretion in response to TNF-alpha, IL-1, LPS, and PMA.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	95-104
16140163-0	2005	Involvement of 5-HT1A receptors in the antidepressant-like effect of adenosine in the mouse forced swimming test.	Adenosine	69-78	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A	Mus musculus	15-21
16140163-1	2005	This study investigated the involvement of 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors in the antidepressant-like effect of adenosine in the mouse forced swimming test (FST).	Adenosine	106-115	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 5A	Mus musculus	43-54
16140163-13	2005	Taken together, the results indicate that the antidepressant-like effect of adenosine in the FST appears to be mediated, at least in part, by an interaction with 5-HT1A receptors.	Adenosine	76-85	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A	Mus musculus	162-168
16051194-2	2005	On this line, we recently found that a novel adenosine analog, 2-chloro-N6-(3-iodobenzyl)-4"-thioadenosine-5"-N-methyluronamide (thio-Cl-IB-MECA) was a potent human A3AR agonist, and is superior to a known agonist Cl-IB-MECA [Jeong LS, Jin DZ, Kim HO, Shin DH, Moon HR, Gunaga P, et al.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	165-169
16100051-4	2005	Here, we show that in cultured CASMC, adenosine stimulates phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and AKT in a concentration- and time-dependent manner.	Adenosine	38-47	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	78-115
16100051-4	2005	Here, we show that in cultured CASMC, adenosine stimulates phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and AKT in a concentration- and time-dependent manner.	Adenosine	38-47	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	117-120
16100051-4	2005	Here, we show that in cultured CASMC, adenosine stimulates phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and AKT in a concentration- and time-dependent manner.	Adenosine	38-47	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	123-144
16100051-4	2005	Here, we show that in cultured CASMC, adenosine stimulates phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and AKT in a concentration- and time-dependent manner.	Adenosine	38-47	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	146-149
16100051-4	2005	Here, we show that in cultured CASMC, adenosine stimulates phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and AKT in a concentration- and time-dependent manner.	Adenosine	38-47	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	156-159
16100051-6	2005	This interpretation is supported by the finding that adenosine- and CCPA-induced phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and AKT are inhibited by pertussis toxin (inactivator of Gi proteins) and by DPCPX (A1-selective antagonist), but not by SCH58261, MRS1706, and VUF5574 (A2A-, A2B-, and A3-selective antagonists, respectively).	Adenosine	53-62	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	100-103
16100051-6	2005	This interpretation is supported by the finding that adenosine- and CCPA-induced phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and AKT are inhibited by pertussis toxin (inactivator of Gi proteins) and by DPCPX (A1-selective antagonist), but not by SCH58261, MRS1706, and VUF5574 (A2A-, A2B-, and A3-selective antagonists, respectively).	Adenosine	53-62	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	105-108
16100051-6	2005	This interpretation is supported by the finding that adenosine- and CCPA-induced phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and AKT are inhibited by pertussis toxin (inactivator of Gi proteins) and by DPCPX (A1-selective antagonist), but not by SCH58261, MRS1706, and VUF5574 (A2A-, A2B-, and A3-selective antagonists, respectively).	Adenosine	53-62	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	114-117
16100051-7	2005	In addition, adenosine- and CCPA-induced phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and AKT is inhibited, respectively, by U0126, PD98059 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitors), SP600125 (JNK kinase inhibitor), and wortmannin (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor).	Adenosine	13-22	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	60-63
16100051-7	2005	In addition, adenosine- and CCPA-induced phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and AKT is inhibited, respectively, by U0126, PD98059 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitors), SP600125 (JNK kinase inhibitor), and wortmannin (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor).	Adenosine	13-22	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	65-68
16100051-7	2005	In addition, adenosine- and CCPA-induced phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and AKT is inhibited, respectively, by U0126, PD98059 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitors), SP600125 (JNK kinase inhibitor), and wortmannin (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor).	Adenosine	13-22	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	74-77
16100051-7	2005	In addition, adenosine- and CCPA-induced phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and AKT is inhibited, respectively, by U0126, PD98059 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitors), SP600125 (JNK kinase inhibitor), and wortmannin (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor).	Adenosine	13-22	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	188-191
16100051-9	2005	We conclude that adenosine activates the ERK, JNK, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathways primarily through the A1 receptor, leading to CASMC mitogenesis.	Adenosine	17-26	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	41-44
16100051-9	2005	We conclude that adenosine activates the ERK, JNK, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathways primarily through the A1 receptor, leading to CASMC mitogenesis.	Adenosine	17-26	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	46-49
16100051-9	2005	We conclude that adenosine activates the ERK, JNK, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathways primarily through the A1 receptor, leading to CASMC mitogenesis.	Adenosine	17-26	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	85-88
16146920-5	2005	RESULTS: Adenosine triggered A3AR-mediated shrinkage of human NPE cells.	Adenosine	9-18	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	29-33
16093919-4	2005	In addition, the production of renin and catecholamines was studied during infusion of adenosine, caffeine, or both.	Adenosine	87-96	renin	Homo sapiens	31-36
15970517-5	2005	In the heart, adenosine may act as an inhibitory modulator of TNF-alpha expression.	Adenosine	14-23	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	62-71
16111480-5	2005	In both RBEC and RCPEC, adenosine uptake from the opposite chambers was Na+-independent and partially inhibited by nitrobenzylthioinosine, indicating the presence of the equilibrative sensitive transporter rENT1.	Adenosine	24-33	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	206-211
16120781-4	2005	The resulting data indicate that the activation of GIRK2-containing potassium channels plays a significant role in hypothermia induced by the activation of serotonergic (5-HT(1A)), GABAergic (GABA(B)), muscarinic (m2), adenosine (A1), and mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.	Adenosine	219-228	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 6	Mus musculus	51-56
16085043-10	2005	In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that hENT2 and hENT1 are co-expressed in HUVEC, and even when adenosine transport is also mediated by hENT2, the hENT2-mediated transport activity is not involved in the d-glucose-induced down-regulation of total adenosine transport.	Adenosine	108-117	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	148-153
16085043-10	2005	In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that hENT2 and hENT1 are co-expressed in HUVEC, and even when adenosine transport is also mediated by hENT2, the hENT2-mediated transport activity is not involved in the d-glucose-induced down-regulation of total adenosine transport.	Adenosine	108-117	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	148-153
16026998-0	2005	Adenosine inhibits the release of interleukin-1beta in activated human peripheral mononuclear cells.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	34-51
16026998-1	2005	The effects of adenosine and subtype-specific activators of adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B and A3) were studied on the release of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) from peripheral mononuclear cells, monocytes and lymphocytes.	Adenosine	15-24	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	133-150
16026998-1	2005	The effects of adenosine and subtype-specific activators of adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B and A3) were studied on the release of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) from peripheral mononuclear cells, monocytes and lymphocytes.	Adenosine	15-24	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	152-160
16026998-2	2005	In the cells activated by the protein kinase C specific phorbol ester (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) and Ca(2+) ionophore (A23187) both adenosine and the subtype-specific receptor agonists, CPA (A1), CGS 21680 (A2A) and IB-MECA (A3) induced a concentration-dependent inhibition of IL-1beta release.	Adenosine	139-148	carboxypeptidase A1	Homo sapiens	193-196
16026998-2	2005	In the cells activated by the protein kinase C specific phorbol ester (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) and Ca(2+) ionophore (A23187) both adenosine and the subtype-specific receptor agonists, CPA (A1), CGS 21680 (A2A) and IB-MECA (A3) induced a concentration-dependent inhibition of IL-1beta release.	Adenosine	139-148	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	284-292
16014444-7	2005	Extracellular adenosine activates A(2) receptors, which stimulates the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from the parenchymal cell.	Adenosine	14-23	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	82-116
16014444-7	2005	Extracellular adenosine activates A(2) receptors, which stimulates the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from the parenchymal cell.	Adenosine	14-23	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	118-122
15912130-0	2005	Mast cell involvement in the adenosine mediated airway hyper-reactivity in a murine model of ovalbumin-induced lung inflammation.	Adenosine	29-38	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	93-102
15912130-3	2005	In this study, a model of ovalbumin-induced adenosine hyper-reactivity was developed in BALB/c mice to determine whether mast cells are involved in this phenomenon.	Adenosine	44-53	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	26-35
15912130-9	2005	These data suggest that the ovalbumin-challenged BALB/c mice can be considered as a suitable model to study the adenosine-induced airway hyper-reactivity phenomenon observed in human asthma.	Adenosine	112-121	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	28-37
16080912-11	2005	These findings indicate that in BCEC (1) ATP induces elevated cAMP through its metabolite adenosine leading to MLC dephosphorylation, (2) Stimulation of P2Y2 receptors also leads to activation of MLCP since UTP- and ATPgammaS caused MLC dephosphorylation, and (3) ATP is antagonistic to thrombin since the latter inhibits MLCP through increased activity of Rho kinase.	Adenosine	90-99	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Bos taurus	153-157
16014043-10	2005	CONCLUSION: The relative distribution of SLC28 gene expression suggests a role for the proximal tubule in renal nucleoside clearance and an accessory role for CNT2 and CNT3, in adenosine-mediated regulation of collecting duct functions.	Adenosine	177-186	solute carrier family 28 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	168-172
15927692-0	2005	Adenosine reverses the stimulatory effect of angiotensin II on the renal Na+-ATPase activity through the A2 receptor.	Adenosine	0-9	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	45-59
15927692-1	2005	In the present paper, we report the modulation of the Angiotensin II (Ang II)-stimulated Na+-ATPase activity of the proximal tubule basolateral membrane by adenosine (Ado).	Adenosine	156-165	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	54-68
15927692-1	2005	In the present paper, we report the modulation of the Angiotensin II (Ang II)-stimulated Na+-ATPase activity of the proximal tubule basolateral membrane by adenosine (Ado).	Adenosine	156-165	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	70-76
15927692-1	2005	In the present paper, we report the modulation of the Angiotensin II (Ang II)-stimulated Na+-ATPase activity of the proximal tubule basolateral membrane by adenosine (Ado).	Adenosine	167-170	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	54-68
15927692-1	2005	In the present paper, we report the modulation of the Angiotensin II (Ang II)-stimulated Na+-ATPase activity of the proximal tubule basolateral membrane by adenosine (Ado).	Adenosine	167-170	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	70-76
15927692-3	2005	Incubation of Ang II-stimulated enzyme with 10(-6)M Ado, in the presence of the A1 receptor antagonist DPCPX (10(-6)M), completely reverses the Ang II-induced effect bringing the Na+-ATPase activity to the basal level.	Adenosine	52-55	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	14-20
15927692-3	2005	Incubation of Ang II-stimulated enzyme with 10(-6)M Ado, in the presence of the A1 receptor antagonist DPCPX (10(-6)M), completely reverses the Ang II-induced effect bringing the Na+-ATPase activity to the basal level.	Adenosine	52-55	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	144-150
15795795-1	2005	Adenosine kinase phosphorylates adenosine to AMP, the primary pathway for adenosine metabolism under basal conditions.	Adenosine	32-41	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-16
15795795-1	2005	Adenosine kinase phosphorylates adenosine to AMP, the primary pathway for adenosine metabolism under basal conditions.	Adenosine	74-83	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-16
15967042-0	2005	Adenosine infusion increases plasma levels of VEGF in humans.	Adenosine	0-9	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	46-50
16026998-3	2005	The rank order of potency in the inhibition of IL-1beta release was CPA=CGS 21680>IB-MECA>adenosine>NECA (in the presence of A1, A2A and A3 receptor inhibitors).	Adenosine	96-105	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	47-55
16026998-5	2005	It can be concluded that adenosine inhibits the release of IL-1beta from the activated human peripheral mononuclear cells.	Adenosine	25-34	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	59-67
15967042-1	2005	BACKGROUND: Many in vitro studies have shown that adenosine (Ado) can induce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein expression and stimulate endothelial proliferation.	Adenosine	50-59	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	77-111
15967042-1	2005	BACKGROUND: Many in vitro studies have shown that adenosine (Ado) can induce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein expression and stimulate endothelial proliferation.	Adenosine	50-59	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	113-117
15967042-1	2005	BACKGROUND: Many in vitro studies have shown that adenosine (Ado) can induce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein expression and stimulate endothelial proliferation.	Adenosine	61-64	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	77-111
15967042-1	2005	BACKGROUND: Many in vitro studies have shown that adenosine (Ado) can induce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein expression and stimulate endothelial proliferation.	Adenosine	61-64	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	113-117
15967042-2	2005	In the present study, we seek to determine whether Ado can increase circulating levels of VEGF protein in the intact human.	Adenosine	51-54	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	90-94
15967042-11	2005	CONCLUSION: We conclude from these preliminary findings that intravenous infusion of adenosine can increase plasma levels of VEGF in humans.	Adenosine	85-94	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	125-129
15746085-7	2005	Adenosine modulated effector T cells in vivo, as CGS administration reduced CD4(+)Th1 and CD8(+)Tc1 cell expansion to alloantigen and, in a separate model, reduced antigen-specific CD4(+) Th1 cell numbers.	Adenosine	0-9	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	82-85
15746085-7	2005	Adenosine modulated effector T cells in vivo, as CGS administration reduced CD4(+)Th1 and CD8(+)Tc1 cell expansion to alloantigen and, in a separate model, reduced antigen-specific CD4(+) Th1 cell numbers.	Adenosine	0-9	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	188-191
15653766-9	2005	Western blot analysis demonstrated that PGF(2alpha) and adenosine agonists stimulated p38 MAPK at a concentration of 40 nM in PCA smooth muscle cells.	Adenosine	56-65	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	86-89
15915030-3	2005	Similarly, adenosine was shown to reduce tumor necrosis factor alpha and mortality of septic animals.	Adenosine	11-20	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	41-68
15893296-0	2005	Does conversion of ATP to adenosine terminate ATP-stimulated vasopressin release from hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal explants?	Adenosine	26-35	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	61-72
15893296-2	2005	Since adenosine, a metabolite of ATP, inhibits VP release from neurohypophysial terminals and adenosine receptors (AR) are expressed in supraoptic nucleus (SON) neurons, we postulated that conversion of ATP to adenosine contributed to termination of ATP-stimulated VP release from HNS explants.	Adenosine	6-15	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	47-49
15893296-2	2005	Since adenosine, a metabolite of ATP, inhibits VP release from neurohypophysial terminals and adenosine receptors (AR) are expressed in supraoptic nucleus (SON) neurons, we postulated that conversion of ATP to adenosine contributed to termination of ATP-stimulated VP release from HNS explants.	Adenosine	6-15	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	265-267
15893296-7	2005	Inhibition of the enzymatic conversion of ATP to adenosine using a combination of a potent ecto-5"-nucleotidase inhibitor, alpha,beta-methylene adenosine 5"-diphosphate (AMP-CP), and a competitive substrate for ecto-5"-nucleotidase (guanosine monophosphate, GMP) did not affect basal VP release.	Adenosine	49-58	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	284-286
15893296-9	2005	We conclude that an endogenous inhibitory influence of adenosine decreases basal VP release from HNS explants and that conversion of exogenously applied ATP to adenosine contributes to termination of ATP-induced stimulation of VP release, but additional mechanisms such as receptor desensitization also limit the response to extended exposure to ATP.	Adenosine	55-64	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	81-83
15893296-9	2005	We conclude that an endogenous inhibitory influence of adenosine decreases basal VP release from HNS explants and that conversion of exogenously applied ATP to adenosine contributes to termination of ATP-induced stimulation of VP release, but additional mechanisms such as receptor desensitization also limit the response to extended exposure to ATP.	Adenosine	160-169	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	227-229
15730488-2	2005	The mechanism would consist on the inhibition of the enzyme, adenosine kinase (AK), leading to an increase in adenosine (ADO) levels.	Adenosine	61-70	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	79-81
15919897-5	2005	We previously found that these viral proteins interact with and inactivate adenosine kinase (ADK), a cellular enzyme important for adenosine salvage and methyl cycle maintenance.	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	93-96
15860691-2	2005	Elevated levels of adenosine may mediate such beta-adrenergic-resistant cardiac insufficiency via the adenosine A(1) receptor (A(1)AdoR).	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine A1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	102-135
15769552-0	2005	IL-6 expression induced by adenosine A2b receptor stimulation in U373 MG cells depends on p38 mitogen activated kinase and protein kinase C. Adenosine binds to a class of G-protein coupled receptors, which are further distinguished as A(1), A(2a), A(2b) and A(3) adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	141-150	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	0-4
15769552-0	2005	IL-6 expression induced by adenosine A2b receptor stimulation in U373 MG cells depends on p38 mitogen activated kinase and protein kinase C. Adenosine binds to a class of G-protein coupled receptors, which are further distinguished as A(1), A(2a), A(2b) and A(3) adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	141-150	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	90-93
15769552-1	2005	As we have shown earlier, the stable adenosine analogue NECA (N6-(R)-phenylisopropyladenosine) stimulates IL-6 expression in the human astrocytoma cell line U373 MG via the A(2b) receptor.	Adenosine	37-46	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	106-110
15843034-7	2005	Importantly, SAMe increased intracellular adenosine levels, and exogenous adenosine supplementation had effects similar to SAMe on TNF, IL-10 and IL-6 production.	Adenosine	74-83	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	146-150
15843034-8	2005	3-Deaza-adenosine (DZA), a specific inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolase, blocked the elevation of IL-10 and IL-6 production induced by SAMe, which was rescued by the addition of exogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	8-17	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	114-119
15843034-8	2005	3-Deaza-adenosine (DZA), a specific inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolase, blocked the elevation of IL-10 and IL-6 production induced by SAMe, which was rescued by the addition of exogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	8-17	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	124-128
15843034-9	2005	Furthermore, the enhancement of LPS-stimulated IL-10 and IL-6 production by both SAMe and adenosine was inhibited by ZM241385, a specific antagonist of the adenosine (A(2)) receptor.	Adenosine	90-99	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	47-52
15843034-9	2005	Furthermore, the enhancement of LPS-stimulated IL-10 and IL-6 production by both SAMe and adenosine was inhibited by ZM241385, a specific antagonist of the adenosine (A(2)) receptor.	Adenosine	90-99	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	57-61
15843034-10	2005	Our results suggest that increased adenosine levels with subsequent binding to the A(2) receptor account, at least in part, for SAMe modulation of IL-10 and IL-6, but not TNF production, from LPS stimulated monocytes.	Adenosine	35-44	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	147-152
15843034-10	2005	Our results suggest that increased adenosine levels with subsequent binding to the A(2) receptor account, at least in part, for SAMe modulation of IL-10 and IL-6, but not TNF production, from LPS stimulated monocytes.	Adenosine	35-44	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	157-161
15657054-5	2005	The crystal structures of Pim-1 complexed with staurosporine and adenosine were determined.	Adenosine	65-74	Pim-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	26-31
15721860-8	2005	Adenosine-induced NO production was partially reversed by both wortmannin and Akt inhibitor indicating an involvement of PI3-kinase/Akt.	Adenosine	0-9	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
15721860-8	2005	Adenosine-induced NO production was partially reversed by both wortmannin and Akt inhibitor indicating an involvement of PI3-kinase/Akt.	Adenosine	0-9	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	132-135
15721860-12	2005	CONCLUSION: Adenosine protects mitochondria from oxidant damage through a pathway involving A(2) receptors, eNOS, NO, PI3-kinase/Akt, and Src tyrosine kinase.	Adenosine	12-21	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
15716694-3	2005	Stromelysin-1 gene expression is partly regulated by a common polymorphism in the promoter region of either five or six consecutive adenosine bases (5A/6A).	Adenosine	132-141	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	0-13
15829178-6	2005	RESULTS: Using a rat model of cerebral ischemia, the ENT1 inhibitor nitrobenzylmercaptopurine ribonucleoside (NBMPR) significantly increased post-ischemic forebrain adenosine levels and significantly decreased hippocampal neuron injury relative to saline-treatment.	Adenosine	165-174	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-57
18404497-8	2005	In fact, it is proposed that coupling A(2A)R antagonists with strategies aimed at bursting the levels of extracellular adenosine (by inhibiting adenosine kinase) to activate A(1)Rs might constitute the more robust brain neuroprotective strategy based on the adenosine neuromodulatory system.	Adenosine	119-128	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	144-160
15821661-4	2005	Myocardial fractional flow reserve was measured for the intermediate lesions under the condition of maximum hyperemia induced by intravenous adenosine (140 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1).	Adenosine	141-150	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	174-180
15644498-7	2005	hENT2-I33C was inhibited by the membrane-impermeant sulfhydryl reactive reagent p-chloromercuribenzyl sulfonate, and uridine, adenosine, and dipyridamole protected against inhibition.	Adenosine	126-135	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
15922260-3	2005	Available evidence indicates that this receptor sub-type is minimally activated by endogenous adenosine during ischemia (A3AR antagonists exerting no effects on ischemic outcome), and is thus amenable to activation with exogenous agonists.	Adenosine	94-103	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	121-125
15802975-12	2005	An imbalance in adenosine metabolites within CD4+ T lymphocytes may explain this phenomenon, which resembles the genetic purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency syndrome.	Adenosine	16-25	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	45-48
15688029-1	2005	Earlier we had reported a guanine to adenosine substitution at position 125 (G125A) in the BAX promoter, and its association with higher stage of the disease and failure to achieve complete response to treatment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients.	Adenosine	37-46	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	91-94
15748700-2	2005	Previous studies have identified the involvement of A(2) receptors in the inhibitory activity of adenosine analogues on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated monocytes, but the relative contributions of A(2A) versus A(2B) receptors have not been determined in human primary monocytes.	Adenosine	97-106	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	120-147
15748700-2	2005	Previous studies have identified the involvement of A(2) receptors in the inhibitory activity of adenosine analogues on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated monocytes, but the relative contributions of A(2A) versus A(2B) receptors have not been determined in human primary monocytes.	Adenosine	97-106	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	149-158
15611099-8	2005	PDE4 was activated after luminal adenosine exposure in a PKA-dependent manner.	Adenosine	33-42	phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens	0-4
15730488-2	2005	The mechanism would consist on the inhibition of the enzyme, adenosine kinase (AK), leading to an increase in adenosine (ADO) levels.	Adenosine	121-124	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	61-77
15730488-2	2005	The mechanism would consist on the inhibition of the enzyme, adenosine kinase (AK), leading to an increase in adenosine (ADO) levels.	Adenosine	121-124	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	79-81
15730488-7	2005	The dynamic profile of plasma changes of ADO, nucleotides and INO were consistent with the inhibition of the enzyme, AK.	Adenosine	41-44	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	117-119
15498860-4	2005	We observed that the A/A (adenosine/adenosine) genotype for base + 874 of the interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) gene was significantly more prevalent in PBLs producing rapid, high-penetrance LPD in hu PBL-SCID mice, compared to PBLs producing late, low-penetrance LPD or no LPD.	Adenosine	26-35	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	78-105
15498860-4	2005	We observed that the A/A (adenosine/adenosine) genotype for base + 874 of the interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) gene was significantly more prevalent in PBLs producing rapid, high-penetrance LPD in hu PBL-SCID mice, compared to PBLs producing late, low-penetrance LPD or no LPD.	Adenosine	36-45	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	78-105
15498860-5	2005	In examining the relationship between genotype and cytolytic T-lymphocyte (CTL) function, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) inhibited restimulation of CTLs in PBLs with adenosine at IFNG base + 874, but not in PBLs homozygous for thymidine.	Adenosine	178-187	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	90-121
15498860-5	2005	In examining the relationship between genotype and cytolytic T-lymphocyte (CTL) function, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) inhibited restimulation of CTLs in PBLs with adenosine at IFNG base + 874, but not in PBLs homozygous for thymidine.	Adenosine	178-187	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	123-131
15498860-5	2005	In examining the relationship between genotype and cytolytic T-lymphocyte (CTL) function, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) inhibited restimulation of CTLs in PBLs with adenosine at IFNG base + 874, but not in PBLs homozygous for thymidine.	Adenosine	178-187	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	191-195
15550390-5	2005	Pretreatment of cells with 500 units/ml IFN-gamma for 12 h inhibited an adenosine-induced short circuit current (Isc) without affecting the transepithelial resistance.	Adenosine	72-81	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	40-49
15550390-7	2005	Interestingly, IFN-gamma inhibited cAMP levels as well as its downstream signaling pathway as shown by the inhibition of adenosine-induced phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein and protein kinase A activity.	Adenosine	121-130	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	15-24
15550390-11	2005	In conclusion, we demonstrate that IFN-gamma down-regulates adenosine-mediated signaling possibly through the direct inhibition of adenylate cyclase expression.	Adenosine	60-69	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	35-44
15611320-6	2005	Increase of glucose concentration from 5 to 20 mM caused a decrease of rENT1 mRNA by 80% and was associated with decreased adenosine uptake by the B cells.	Adenosine	123-132	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-76
15653101-2	2005	Since hyperemesis gravidarum is characterized by overactivation of sympathetic nerves and enhanced production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, plasma adenosine concentrations may be altered.	Adenosine	155-164	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	113-146
15653101-3	2005	The present study evaluated plasma adenosine concentrations and their relation with norepinephrine and TNF-alpha concentrations in hyperemesis gravidarum.	Adenosine	35-44	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	103-112
15653101-7	2005	The increase in plasma adenosine concentrations correlated with the increase of norepinephrine and TNF-alpha in hyperemesis gravidarum (r=0.50, p<0.05 and r=0.43, p<0.05, respectively).	Adenosine	23-32	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	99-108
15668174-1	2005	The antiretroviral activity of the cellular enzyme APOBEC3G has been attributed to the excessive deamination of cytidine (C) to uridine (U) in minus strand reverse transcripts, a process resulting in guanosine (G) to adenosine (A) hypermutation of plus strand DNAs.	Adenosine	217-226	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G	Homo sapiens	51-59
15619546-4	2005	Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that the adenosine-activated signal transduction pathway (Ado-STP) conferring protection against the IAA-R insult, involves activation of protein kinase C-epsilon (PKCepsilon) and opening of ATP sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels.	Adenosine	57-66	protein kinase C, epsilon	Rattus norvegicus	186-210
15619546-4	2005	Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that the adenosine-activated signal transduction pathway (Ado-STP) conferring protection against the IAA-R insult, involves activation of protein kinase C-epsilon (PKCepsilon) and opening of ATP sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels.	Adenosine	57-66	protein kinase C, epsilon	Rattus norvegicus	212-222
15472138-3	2005	Under the normoxic condition, adenosine and its stable analog, 5"-(N-ethylcarboxamido)-adenosine, via activation of A2B adenosine receptors, increased the release of interleukin (IL)-6 by 14-fold and induced the differentiation of human lung fibroblasts to myofibroblasts.	Adenosine	30-39	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	166-184
15472138-7	2005	Altogether, these data suggest that hypoxia amplifies the effect of adenosine on the release of IL-6 and cell differentiation by upregulating the expression of A2B adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	68-77	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	96-100
15638777-3	2005	Adenosine kinase (AK) is the primary metabolic enzyme regulating intra- and extracellular concentrations of ADO.	Adenosine	108-111	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
15638777-3	2005	Adenosine kinase (AK) is the primary metabolic enzyme regulating intra- and extracellular concentrations of ADO.	Adenosine	108-111	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-20
15290118-3	2005	METHODS: Myocardial blood flow (MBF; ml min(-1) g(-1)) was measured at rest, during adenosine-induced (140 microg kg(-1) min(-1) over 7 min) hyperaemia (mainly non-endothelium dependent) and immediately after supine bicycle exercise (endothelium-dependent) stress in ten healthy volunteers and in nine hypercholesterolaemic subjects using 15O-labelled water and positron emission tomography.	Adenosine	84-93	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	121-127
15580656-0	2005	Adenosine and cAMP are potent inhibitors of the NF-kappa B pathway downstream of immunoreceptors.	Adenosine	0-9	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	48-58
17150644-1	2005	A novel sensing probe for adenosine has been developed using the thrombin-inhibiting DNA aptamer fused with the adenosine-binding DNA aptamer.	Adenosine	26-35	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	65-73
16025880-13	2005	The observations also point to an imbalance in the expression of antiapoptotic (Bcl-2) and proapoptotic (Bax, caspase 3) proteins as a potential mechanism underlying adenosine-induced mesangial cell apoptosis.	Adenosine	166-175	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	80-85
16025880-13	2005	The observations also point to an imbalance in the expression of antiapoptotic (Bcl-2) and proapoptotic (Bax, caspase 3) proteins as a potential mechanism underlying adenosine-induced mesangial cell apoptosis.	Adenosine	166-175	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	105-108
16025880-13	2005	The observations also point to an imbalance in the expression of antiapoptotic (Bcl-2) and proapoptotic (Bax, caspase 3) proteins as a potential mechanism underlying adenosine-induced mesangial cell apoptosis.	Adenosine	166-175	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	110-119
15837119-3	2005	Recently, we found that deletion of A(1) receptors in the CA1 area blocks the postsynaptic responses to adenosine in CA1 pyramidal neurons, and deletion of A(1) receptors in CA3 neurons abolishes the presynaptic effects of adenosine on the Schaffer collateral input [J Neurosci 23 (2003) 5762].	Adenosine	223-232	carbonic anhydrase 3	Mus musculus	174-177
15452191-11	2005	Thus, our results demonstrate an antihypertrophic effect of adenosine acting via multiple receptor subtypes through a mechanism involving down-regulation of NHE1 expression.	Adenosine	60-69	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Homo sapiens	157-161
17150644-2	2005	The adenosine aptamer was inserted into the G-quartet structure of the thrombin aptamer to change its inhibitory activity to thrombin upon binding of the adenosine aptamer part to adenosine.	Adenosine	4-13	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	71-79
17150644-2	2005	The adenosine aptamer was inserted into the G-quartet structure of the thrombin aptamer to change its inhibitory activity to thrombin upon binding of the adenosine aptamer part to adenosine.	Adenosine	4-13	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	125-133
17150644-2	2005	The adenosine aptamer was inserted into the G-quartet structure of the thrombin aptamer to change its inhibitory activity to thrombin upon binding of the adenosine aptamer part to adenosine.	Adenosine	154-163	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	71-79
17150644-2	2005	The adenosine aptamer was inserted into the G-quartet structure of the thrombin aptamer to change its inhibitory activity to thrombin upon binding of the adenosine aptamer part to adenosine.	Adenosine	154-163	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	125-133
17150644-2	2005	The adenosine aptamer was inserted into the G-quartet structure of the thrombin aptamer to change its inhibitory activity to thrombin upon binding of the adenosine aptamer part to adenosine.	Adenosine	154-163	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	71-79
17150644-2	2005	The adenosine aptamer was inserted into the G-quartet structure of the thrombin aptamer to change its inhibitory activity to thrombin upon binding of the adenosine aptamer part to adenosine.	Adenosine	154-163	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	125-133
17150644-3	2005	This designed aptamer had lower inhibitory activity than that of the original thrombin aptamer, and it was increased in the presence of adenosine.	Adenosine	136-145	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	78-86
17150644-5	2005	Using this designed aptamer, we were able to detect adenosine by measuring thrombin activity in homogeneous assay.	Adenosine	52-61	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	75-83
15476669-6	2004	These 2-substituted adenosine derivatives were generally less potent at the A(1)AR in comparison to the A(3)AR, but fully efficacious, with binding K(i) values over 100 nM.	Adenosine	20-29	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	104-110
15617735-3	2005	The recovery of IC51-mediated inhibition of iNOS expression by adenosine transport inhibitor, S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI), and the inhibition of LPS/IFNgamma-induced iNOS gene expression by exogenous adenosine indicate a role for adenosine release in IC51-mediated iNOS expression.	Adenosine	63-72	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	44-48
15617735-4	2005	The rescue of IC51-mediated inhibition of iNOS expression by adenosine receptor antagonist for A2A, 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine (CSC) and alloxazine for A2B, further supports a role for interaction of adenosine and its receptors in anti-inflammatory activity.	Adenosine	61-70	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	42-46
15286003-0	2004	Barrier dysfunction and RhoA activation are blunted by homocysteine and adenosine in pulmonary endothelium.	Adenosine	72-81	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	24-28
15286003-2	2004	We have previously shown that adenosine and homocysteine enhance basal barrier function in pulmonary artery endothelial cells by a mechanism involving diminution of RhoA carboxyl methylation and activity.	Adenosine	30-39	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	165-169
15286003-4	2004	Adenosine and homocysteine significantly attenuated thrombin-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction and intercellular gap formation.	Adenosine	0-9	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	52-60
15286003-5	2004	We found significantly diminished RhoA associated with the membrane subcellular fraction in endothelial cells pretreated with adenosine and homocysteine, compared with vehicle-treated endothelial cells.	Adenosine	126-135	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	34-38
15286003-6	2004	Additionally, adenosine and homocysteine significantly blunted RhoA activation following thrombin exposure.	Adenosine	14-23	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	63-67
15286003-6	2004	Additionally, adenosine and homocysteine significantly blunted RhoA activation following thrombin exposure.	Adenosine	14-23	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	89-97
15286003-7	2004	Incubation with adenosine and homocysteine also enhanced in vitro interactions between RhoA and RhoGDI, as well as subcellular translocation of p190RhoGAP to the cytosol.	Adenosine	16-25	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	87-91
15286003-9	2004	We speculate that homocysteine and adenosine modulate the level of endothelial barrier dysfunction through modulation of RhoA posttranslational processing resulting in diminished GTPase activity through altered interactions with modulators of RhoA activation.	Adenosine	35-44	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	121-125
15286003-9	2004	We speculate that homocysteine and adenosine modulate the level of endothelial barrier dysfunction through modulation of RhoA posttranslational processing resulting in diminished GTPase activity through altered interactions with modulators of RhoA activation.	Adenosine	35-44	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	243-247
15579187-0	2004	Insulin sensitivity and coronary vasoreactivity: insulin sensitivity relates to adenosine-stimulated coronary flow response in human subjects.	Adenosine	80-89	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
15579187-0	2004	Insulin sensitivity and coronary vasoreactivity: insulin sensitivity relates to adenosine-stimulated coronary flow response in human subjects.	Adenosine	80-89	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
15517129-9	2004	Our results suggest that adenosine-stimulated myocardial perfusion is lower in subjects with ESR1 long alleles than the other TA repeat genotypes.	Adenosine	25-34	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	93-97
15476669-7	2004	The 2-phenylethyl moiety resulted in higher A(3)AR affinity (K(i) in nM) when linked to the 2-position of adenosine through an ether group (54), than when linked through an amine (310) or thioether (1960).	Adenosine	106-115	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	44-50
15488315-3	2004	With the aim to test the feasibility of a stem cell-based delivery system for adenosine, both alleles of adenosine kinase (ADK), the major adenosine-metabolizing enzyme, were disrupted by homologous recombination in ES cells.	Adenosine	78-87	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	105-121
15488315-3	2004	With the aim to test the feasibility of a stem cell-based delivery system for adenosine, both alleles of adenosine kinase (ADK), the major adenosine-metabolizing enzyme, were disrupted by homologous recombination in ES cells.	Adenosine	78-87	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	123-126
15488315-3	2004	With the aim to test the feasibility of a stem cell-based delivery system for adenosine, both alleles of adenosine kinase (ADK), the major adenosine-metabolizing enzyme, were disrupted by homologous recombination in ES cells.	Adenosine	105-114	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	123-126
15488315-6	2004	The Adk-/- ES cells yielded glial populations with an adenosine release of up to 40.1 +/- 6.0 ng per 10(5) cells per hour, an amount considered to be sufficient for seizure suppression.	Adenosine	54-63	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	4-7
15476699-1	2004	ABT-702 is a novel and selective non-nucleoside adenosine kinase (AK) inhibitor that produces increases in endogenous extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	66-68
15476699-16	2004	These studies demonstrate that increased extracellular adenosine through AK inhibition can elicit modulatory effects on EEG slow waves via an interaction with central ADO receptor subtypes.	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	73-75
15256361-1	2004	Adenosine, acting through the A2b receptor, induces vectorial chloride and IL-6 secretion in intestinal epithelia and may play an important role in intestinal inflammation.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	75-79
15256361-7	2004	Furthermore, in cells stimulated with apical or basolateral adenosine, we demonstrate a complex consisting of VAMP-2, soluble NEM-sensitive factor attachment protein (SNAP)-23, and A2b receptor that is coimmunoprecipitated in cells stimulated with adenosine within 5 min and is no longer detected within 15 min.	Adenosine	60-69	vesicle associated membrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	110-116
15256361-7	2004	Furthermore, in cells stimulated with apical or basolateral adenosine, we demonstrate a complex consisting of VAMP-2, soluble NEM-sensitive factor attachment protein (SNAP)-23, and A2b receptor that is coimmunoprecipitated in cells stimulated with adenosine within 5 min and is no longer detected within 15 min.	Adenosine	248-257	vesicle associated membrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	110-116
15693609-4	2004	RESULTS: Expression levels of iNOS protein were detected after 4 h of incubation with cytokines and reached a peak at 10 h. After cytokine treatment, iNOS mRNA molecules received longer poly(A) tails (200-500 adenosine residues) and total iNOS mRNA levels also increased significantly.	Adenosine	209-218	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	150-154
15345696-0	2004	Adenosine up-regulation of the mucin gene, MUC2, in asthma.	Adenosine	0-9	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	43-47
15345696-5	2004	Results in cultured airway epithelial cells showed that MUC2 mucin expression increased in response to adenosine.	Adenosine	103-112	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	56-60
15693609-4	2004	RESULTS: Expression levels of iNOS protein were detected after 4 h of incubation with cytokines and reached a peak at 10 h. After cytokine treatment, iNOS mRNA molecules received longer poly(A) tails (200-500 adenosine residues) and total iNOS mRNA levels also increased significantly.	Adenosine	209-218	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	30-34
15693609-4	2004	RESULTS: Expression levels of iNOS protein were detected after 4 h of incubation with cytokines and reached a peak at 10 h. After cytokine treatment, iNOS mRNA molecules received longer poly(A) tails (200-500 adenosine residues) and total iNOS mRNA levels also increased significantly.	Adenosine	209-218	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	150-154
15838286-0	2004	Intrapericardial adenine nucleosides induce elevation of endothelin-1 concentration in the pericardial space of the dog heart.	Adenosine	17-36	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	57-69
15838286-5	2004	ET-1 enhanced significantly the adenine nucleoside concentrations of the pericardial fluid samples.	Adenosine	32-50	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	0-4
15838309-1	2004	Increased intrapericardial levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) induce myocardial ischemia and concomitant release of the purine metabolites adenosine (ADO), inosine (INO) and hypoxanthine (HXA) into the pericardial fluid.	Adenosine	134-143	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	37-49
15838286-14	2004	The results suggest that the pericardial adenine nucleosides interact with the myocardial ET-1 and this effect may be provoked from, and can also be detected in, the pericardium.	Adenosine	41-60	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	90-94
15838309-1	2004	Increased intrapericardial levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) induce myocardial ischemia and concomitant release of the purine metabolites adenosine (ADO), inosine (INO) and hypoxanthine (HXA) into the pericardial fluid.	Adenosine	134-143	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	51-55
15838309-1	2004	Increased intrapericardial levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) induce myocardial ischemia and concomitant release of the purine metabolites adenosine (ADO), inosine (INO) and hypoxanthine (HXA) into the pericardial fluid.	Adenosine	145-148	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	37-49
15306646-13	2004	Taken together, our results indicate that BzATP is extracellularly catabolized to Bz-adenosine and subsequently hetero-exchanged for intracellular adenosine and then depresses mossy fiber fEPSPs through presynaptic A1 receptors rather than through P2X7 receptors.	Adenosine	85-94	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	248-252
15838309-1	2004	Increased intrapericardial levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) induce myocardial ischemia and concomitant release of the purine metabolites adenosine (ADO), inosine (INO) and hypoxanthine (HXA) into the pericardial fluid.	Adenosine	145-148	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	51-55
15464194-2	2004	VIP reduced coronary vascular resistance in a dose-dependent manner, starting at 1 x 10(-10) M, and maximally reduced coronary vascular resistance by 49% at 1 x 10(-8) M. The potency of VIP for reducing coronary vascular resistance (EC50=3.02 x 10(-10) M) was considerably greater than that of adenosine (EC50=6.17 x 10(-8) M) and sodium nitroprusside (EC50=2.45 x 10(-6) M).	Adenosine	294-303	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
15464194-2	2004	VIP reduced coronary vascular resistance in a dose-dependent manner, starting at 1 x 10(-10) M, and maximally reduced coronary vascular resistance by 49% at 1 x 10(-8) M. The potency of VIP for reducing coronary vascular resistance (EC50=3.02 x 10(-10) M) was considerably greater than that of adenosine (EC50=6.17 x 10(-8) M) and sodium nitroprusside (EC50=2.45 x 10(-6) M).	Adenosine	294-303	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	186-189
15381038-7	2004	RESULTS: Exposure to ADO (200 microm; 30 min) and N-ethyl (carboxamido) adenosine (NECA; 50 microm; 30 min), known agonists of A2b receptors, induced phosphorylation of CREB similar to forskolin (FSK, 20 microm; 30 min), a direct activator of adenylate cyclase.	Adenosine	21-24	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Bos taurus	169-173
15448350-8	2004	From HPLC analysis, the recombinant GIV PNP protein was shown to catalyse the reversible phosphorolysis of purine nucleosides and could accept guanosine, inosine and adenosine as substrates.	Adenosine	166-175	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	40-43
15458441-6	2004	When we enhanced conversion of ATP to adenosine by adding hexokinase or apyrase to the bath and arteriole lumen, the tubuloglomerular feedback response was augmented.	Adenosine	38-47	hexokinase-2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	58-68
15458441-11	2004	When hydrolysis of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine was blocked by supplementing the bath with 100 micromol/L alpha,beta-methylene adenosine 5"-diphosphate (MADP), an inhibitor of 5"-nucleotidase, tubuloglomerular feedback response was blocked and diameter remained unchanged.	Adenosine	19-28	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 5'-nucleotidase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	190-205
15193149-0	2004	Polarized fibronectin secretion induced by adenosine regulates bacterial-epithelial interaction in human intestinal epithelial cells.	Adenosine	43-52	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	10-21
15193149-4	2004	In the present study we investigated the role of adenosine, whose levels are up-regulated during inflammation, in modulating FN synthesis, the polarity of FN secretion and the downstream effects of the secreted FN.	Adenosine	49-58	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	125-127
15193149-6	2004	Adenosine added to either the apical or basolateral aspect of the cells led to a time- and dose-dependent accumulation of FN in the culture supernatants, polarized to the apical compartment and reached maximal levels 24 h after apical or basolateral addition of adenosine.	Adenosine	0-9	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	122-124
15193149-6	2004	Adenosine added to either the apical or basolateral aspect of the cells led to a time- and dose-dependent accumulation of FN in the culture supernatants, polarized to the apical compartment and reached maximal levels 24 h after apical or basolateral addition of adenosine.	Adenosine	262-271	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	122-124
15193149-7	2004	Confocal microscopy confirmed that FN localized to the apical domain of model intestinal epithelial cells stimulated with apical or basolateral adenosine.	Adenosine	144-153	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	35-37
15193149-9	2004	Moreover, adenosine increased FN promoter activity (3.5-fold compared with unstimulated controls) indicating that FN induction is, in part, transcriptionally regulated.	Adenosine	10-19	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	30-32
15193149-9	2004	Moreover, adenosine increased FN promoter activity (3.5-fold compared with unstimulated controls) indicating that FN induction is, in part, transcriptionally regulated.	Adenosine	10-19	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	114-116
15193149-11	2004	In summary, we have shown for the first time that FN, a classic extracellular matrix protein, is secreted into the apical compartment of epithelial cells in response to adenosine.	Adenosine	169-178	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	50-52
15289374-5	2004	First-pass perfusion imaging was performed during hyperemia (induced by a 4-minute infusion of adenosine at a rate of 140 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) and then again in the absence of adenosine with otherwise identical imaging parameters and the same contrast dose.	Adenosine	95-104	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	140-146
15283760-8	2004	Thus, renin release from the afferent arteriole is mediated partly through formation of PGE2, and partly through the reduction of adenosine formation that inhibits renin production.	Adenosine	130-139	renin	Homo sapiens	6-11
15283760-8	2004	Thus, renin release from the afferent arteriole is mediated partly through formation of PGE2, and partly through the reduction of adenosine formation that inhibits renin production.	Adenosine	130-139	renin	Homo sapiens	164-169
15287894-3	2004	In this study, we analysed the distribution of the transcript encoding the high affinity adenosine-preferring concentrative transporter CNT2 in the rat central nervous system and compared it with that of the equilibrative transporter ENT1.	Adenosine	89-98	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	234-238
15039139-6	2004	Studies completed in patients with CF (n = 10, "severe" genotypes) confirmed that Ado-stimulated polarization was CFTR-dependent.	Adenosine	82-85	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	114-118
15258586-5	2004	These features are associated with a decrease in adenosine tone, as measured indirectly as a reduction in A(1) receptor-mediated inhibition of glutamate excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in the nucleus accumbens, leading to increased phosphorylation of CRE-binding protein (CREB) in the striatum.	Adenosine	49-58	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	260-279
15265142-6	2004	Also, adenosine-stimulated perfusion tended to be higher (3.67+/-0.81 vs. 4.47+/-0.52 mL min(-1) g(-1), P=0.12) and perfusion resistance during adenosine stimulation was significantly lower after running (26+/-6 vs. 18+/-3 mmHg min g mL(-1), P=0.03).	Adenosine	6-15	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	89-95
15258586-5	2004	These features are associated with a decrease in adenosine tone, as measured indirectly as a reduction in A(1) receptor-mediated inhibition of glutamate excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in the nucleus accumbens, leading to increased phosphorylation of CRE-binding protein (CREB) in the striatum.	Adenosine	49-58	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	281-285
15239649-0	2004	New, non-adenosine, high-potency agonists for the human adenosine A2B receptor with an improved selectivity profile compared to the reference agonist N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine.	Adenosine	9-18	adenosine A2b receptor	Homo sapiens	56-78
15275960-6	2004	We conclude that a Ba(2+)- and 4-aminopyridine-sensitive K(+) channel in SG neurons is opened via the activation of A(1) receptors by adenosine whose level is possibly regulated by rENT1, adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	134-143	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-186
15275960-6	2004	We conclude that a Ba(2+)- and 4-aminopyridine-sensitive K(+) channel in SG neurons is opened via the activation of A(1) receptors by adenosine whose level is possibly regulated by rENT1, adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	134-143	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	212-228
15275960-5	2004	The adenosine current was enhanced in duration by equilibrative nucleoside-transport (rENT1) inhibitor S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (1 microM) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (1 microM), and slowed in falling phase by adenosine kinase (AK) inhibitor iodotubercidine (1 microM).	Adenosine	4-13	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-91
15275960-5	2004	The adenosine current was enhanced in duration by equilibrative nucleoside-transport (rENT1) inhibitor S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (1 microM) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (1 microM), and slowed in falling phase by adenosine kinase (AK) inhibitor iodotubercidine (1 microM).	Adenosine	4-13	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	267-283
15275960-5	2004	The adenosine current was enhanced in duration by equilibrative nucleoside-transport (rENT1) inhibitor S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (1 microM) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (1 microM), and slowed in falling phase by adenosine kinase (AK) inhibitor iodotubercidine (1 microM).	Adenosine	4-13	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	285-287
15285909-11	2004	High throughput screening of Johnson & Johnson libraries uncovered a couple of distinct series of nonadenosine small molecules, in addition to adenosine analogues, as potential hA2aR agonists with EC(50) values of 2-6 microM.	Adenosine	105-114	G protein-coupled receptor 162	Homo sapiens	181-184
15596091-7	2004	The adenosine plus uridine-rich element in the 3" untranslated region of the TNF-alpha mRNA is an important regulator of TNF-alpha mRNA stability.	Adenosine	4-13	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	77-86
15596091-7	2004	The adenosine plus uridine-rich element in the 3" untranslated region of the TNF-alpha mRNA is an important regulator of TNF-alpha mRNA stability.	Adenosine	4-13	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	121-130
15187156-4	2004	The adenosine analog 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) (10 microM) increased mRNA expression of IL-1beta, IL-3, IL-4, IL-8, and IL-13, but not IL-2 and IFN-gamma.	Adenosine	4-13	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	100-108
15187156-4	2004	The adenosine analog 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) (10 microM) increased mRNA expression of IL-1beta, IL-3, IL-4, IL-8, and IL-13, but not IL-2 and IFN-gamma.	Adenosine	4-13	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	116-120
15187156-4	2004	The adenosine analog 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) (10 microM) increased mRNA expression of IL-1beta, IL-3, IL-4, IL-8, and IL-13, but not IL-2 and IFN-gamma.	Adenosine	4-13	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	122-126
15187156-4	2004	The adenosine analog 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) (10 microM) increased mRNA expression of IL-1beta, IL-3, IL-4, IL-8, and IL-13, but not IL-2 and IFN-gamma.	Adenosine	4-13	interleukin 13	Homo sapiens	132-137
15187156-4	2004	The adenosine analog 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) (10 microM) increased mRNA expression of IL-1beta, IL-3, IL-4, IL-8, and IL-13, but not IL-2 and IFN-gamma.	Adenosine	4-13	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	147-151
15187156-4	2004	The adenosine analog 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) (10 microM) increased mRNA expression of IL-1beta, IL-3, IL-4, IL-8, and IL-13, but not IL-2 and IFN-gamma.	Adenosine	4-13	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	156-165
15145601-0	2004	Potent effect of interleukin-1 beta to evoke ATP and adenosine release from rat hippocampal slices.	Adenosine	53-62	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	17-35
15142558-2	2004	Substituents at the 2-position of adenosine were combined with N(6)-substitutions known to enhance human A(3)AR affinity.	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	105-111
15095371-2	2004	It has recently been shown that stimulation of adenosine receptors in glial cells induces the release of neuroprotective substances such as NGF, S-100beta, and interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Adenosine	47-56	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	160-173
15265429-16	2004	(3) TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in adenosine-treated group when compared with pneumonia group (1.25 +/- 0.18 vs. 2.27; 1.31 +/- 0.25 vs. 1.89 +/- 0.31, P < 0.01, respectively).	Adenosine	70-79	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	4-13
15265429-16	2004	(3) TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in adenosine-treated group when compared with pneumonia group (1.25 +/- 0.18 vs. 2.27; 1.31 +/- 0.25 vs. 1.89 +/- 0.31, P < 0.01, respectively).	Adenosine	70-79	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	18-22
15265429-19	2004	Exogenous adenosine can inhibit inflammatory change by lowering NF-kappa B activity and subsequent down-regulation of TNF-alpha and IL-6 expression.	Adenosine	10-19	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	118-127
15265429-19	2004	Exogenous adenosine can inhibit inflammatory change by lowering NF-kappa B activity and subsequent down-regulation of TNF-alpha and IL-6 expression.	Adenosine	10-19	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	132-136
15135700-2	2004	The increased conversion of adenosine monophosphate to adenosine, which in turn attenuates the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression, has been suggested as a putative mechanism for prolonged survival in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) carrying the mutant AMPD1 allele.	Adenosine	28-37	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	109-136
15135700-2	2004	The increased conversion of adenosine monophosphate to adenosine, which in turn attenuates the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression, has been suggested as a putative mechanism for prolonged survival in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) carrying the mutant AMPD1 allele.	Adenosine	28-37	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	138-147
15197421-7	2004	Adenosine-stimulated myocardial blood flow was inversely associated with fasting serum insulin concentration (r=-0.69, P<0.05).	Adenosine	0-9	insulin	Homo sapiens	87-94
14977585-1	2004	Adenosine kinase (ADK, EC 2.7.1.20) is a purine salvage enzyme, which phosphorylates adenosine (Ado) to AMP.	Adenosine	85-94	adenosine kinase	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-16
14977585-1	2004	Adenosine kinase (ADK, EC 2.7.1.20) is a purine salvage enzyme, which phosphorylates adenosine (Ado) to AMP.	Adenosine	85-94	adenosine kinase	Arabidopsis thaliana	18-21
14977585-1	2004	Adenosine kinase (ADK, EC 2.7.1.20) is a purine salvage enzyme, which phosphorylates adenosine (Ado) to AMP.	Adenosine	96-99	adenosine kinase	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-16
14977585-1	2004	Adenosine kinase (ADK, EC 2.7.1.20) is a purine salvage enzyme, which phosphorylates adenosine (Ado) to AMP.	Adenosine	96-99	adenosine kinase	Arabidopsis thaliana	18-21
14977585-4	2004	The majority of these findings reflect ADK"s role in the metabolism of Ado produced from transmethylation reactions in addition to providing necessary nucleotides for the synthesis of nucleic acids and nucleotide cofactors.	Adenosine	71-74	adenosine kinase	Arabidopsis thaliana	39-42
15095371-2	2004	It has recently been shown that stimulation of adenosine receptors in glial cells induces the release of neuroprotective substances such as NGF, S-100beta, and interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Adenosine	47-56	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	175-179
15071115-13	2004	Finally, exposure of HEK/TRPV1 cells to capsaicin induced an approximately 2.4-fold increase in proapoptotic cells that was abolished by adenosine analogs.	Adenosine	137-146	EPH receptor A3	Homo sapiens	21-24
15153659-2	2004	We found that adenosine increases NGF-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but decreases the duration of phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase.	Adenosine	14-23	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	65-102
15153659-2	2004	We found that adenosine increases NGF-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but decreases the duration of phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase.	Adenosine	14-23	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	104-107
15001425-7	2004	Phosphorylation of ERK2 was neither induced by the adenosine analog 5"-(N-ethylcarboxamido)adenosine (1 microM) nor inhibited in the presence of the adenosine receptor antagonist 8-phenyltheophylline (10 microM).	Adenosine	51-60	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	19-23
14551144-9	2004	We show that in mature PDCs adenosine reduces interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, and IFN-alpha production in response to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN).	Adenosine	28-37	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	46-59
15026270-2	2004	Since hyperemesis gravidarum is characterized by overactivation of sympathetic nerves and enhanced production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, plasma adenosine concentrations may be altered.	Adenosine	155-164	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	113-146
15026270-3	2004	The present study evaluated plasma adenosine concentrations and their relation with norepinephrine and TNF-alpha concentrations in hyperemesis gravidarum.	Adenosine	35-44	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	103-112
15026270-7	2004	The increase in plasma adenosine concentrations correlated with the increase of norepinephrine and TNF-alpha in hyperemesis gravidarum (r=0.50, p<0.05 and r=0.43, p<0.05, respectively).	Adenosine	23-32	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	99-108
15071115-5	2004	Adenosine analogs inhibit TRPV1-mediated Ca(2+) entry in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells stably expressing TRPV1 (HEK/TRPV1) and DRG neurons.	Adenosine	0-9	EPH receptor A3	Homo sapiens	81-84
15009683-9	2004	Caution should therefore be exercised in ascribing an effect of AICA riboside to AMPK activation, especially in systems where inhibition of adenosine re-uptake has physiological consequences.	Adenosine	140-149	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	81-85
15028134-13	2004	A multivariate regression model showed an independent, significant association between the concentrations of VEGF and adenosine.	Adenosine	118-127	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	109-113
15028134-14	2004	CONCLUSION: VEGF is increased in CSF after pediatric TBI, and this increase is associated with an increase in CSF adenosine.	Adenosine	114-123	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	12-16
15028134-18	2004	the role of adenosine in triggering the increase in CSF VEGF concentration, and 3).	Adenosine	12-21	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	56-60
14551144-9	2004	We show that in mature PDCs adenosine reduces interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, and IFN-alpha production in response to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN).	Adenosine	28-37	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	61-65
14551144-9	2004	We show that in mature PDCs adenosine reduces interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, and IFN-alpha production in response to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN).	Adenosine	28-37	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	79-88
14728814-0	2004	Pretreatment effect of adenosine on activation of NF-kappaB and level of TNF-alpha during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in rats.	Adenosine	23-32	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	73-82
14728814-10	2004	Adenosine significantly inhibited NF-kappaB activity in nucleus, and concomitantly decreased the level of TNF-alpha in myocardium.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	106-115
14728814-11	2004	CONCLUSIONS: Adenosine modulation of NF-kappaB activation may be the cellular molecular mechanism of decreasing of TNF-alpha.	Adenosine	13-22	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	115-124
14688204-0	2004	Role of direct RhoA-phospholipase D1 interaction in mediating adenosine-induced protection from cardiac ischemia.	Adenosine	62-71	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	15-19
14688204-0	2004	Role of direct RhoA-phospholipase D1 interaction in mediating adenosine-induced protection from cardiac ischemia.	Adenosine	62-71	phospholipase D1	Homo sapiens	20-36
14975237-4	2004	We have also shown that Ap4A, an endogenous molecule consisting of two adenosine linked by four phosphate which is known to be synthesized by LysRS, is accumulated intracellularily above 700 microM in IgE-Ag-activated mast cells, binds to Hint, liberates MITF, and thus leads to the activation of MITF-dependent gene expression.	Adenosine	71-80	lysyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	142-147
14684303-0	2004	The discovery and synthesis of novel adenosine substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-ones: potent inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1).	Adenosine	37-46	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	112-141
14744991-6	2004	Insulin induced the release of adenosine trisphosphate (ATP), adenosine, and serotonin from platelet-dense granules in a NO-dependent manner.	Adenosine	31-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
14744991-9	2004	Thus, insulin elicits the release of vasoactive concentrations of ATP and adenosine from human platelets via a NO-G kinase-dependent signaling cascade.	Adenosine	74-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	6-13
12855406-9	2004	Thus, Ado increases the release of interleukin-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 from bronchial smooth muscle cells via activation of the A2B AdoR.	Adenosine	6-9	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	35-48
15032597-6	2004	Injured cells produce adenosine that enhances IL-13 production.	Adenosine	22-31	interleukin 13	Homo sapiens	46-51
15777019-7	2004	Adenosine causes an acute activation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase and NO release, with membrane hyperpolarization leading to increased system y+ activity in fetal endothelial cells.	Adenosine	0-9	cyclin dependent kinase like 1	Homo sapiens	40-43
15078144-2	2004	Adenosine kinase (AK) is a key intracellular enzyme regulating intra- and extracellular concentrations of ADO.	Adenosine	106-109	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
15078144-2	2004	Adenosine kinase (AK) is a key intracellular enzyme regulating intra- and extracellular concentrations of ADO.	Adenosine	106-109	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-20
15078144-3	2004	AK inhibition selectively amplifies extracellular ADO levels at cell and tissue sites where accelerated release of ADO occurs.	Adenosine	50-53	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-2
15078144-3	2004	AK inhibition selectively amplifies extracellular ADO levels at cell and tissue sites where accelerated release of ADO occurs.	Adenosine	115-118	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-2
15078144-6	2004	Until recently all of the reported AK inhibitors contained adenosine-like structural motif.	Adenosine	59-68	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	35-37
15078216-11	2004	Thus, the efficacy of adenosine derivatives at the A(3)AR appears to be more sensitive to small structural changes than at other subtypes.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	51-57
15078216-12	2004	Potent and selective partial agonists for the A(3)AR could be identified by screening known adenosine derivatives and by modifying adenosine and the adenosine derivatives.	Adenosine	92-101	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	46-52
15078216-12	2004	Potent and selective partial agonists for the A(3)AR could be identified by screening known adenosine derivatives and by modifying adenosine and the adenosine derivatives.	Adenosine	131-140	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	46-52
15078216-12	2004	Potent and selective partial agonists for the A(3)AR could be identified by screening known adenosine derivatives and by modifying adenosine and the adenosine derivatives.	Adenosine	131-140	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	46-52
14525968-11	2004	We conclude that adenosine binding to A(2A)AR counteracts stimulation of neutrophil CD49d integrin expression and neutrophil binding to VCAM-1 via a cAMP/PKA-mediated pathway.	Adenosine	17-26	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	136-142
14651954-7	2003	The p38 MAPK pathway inhibitor SB203580 but not the p42/44 MAPK pathway blocker PD98059 decreased adenosine-induced CREB activation, indicating that p38 MAPK but not p42/44 MAPK is an upstream mediator of CREB activation.	Adenosine	98-107	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	4-7
14651954-7	2003	The p38 MAPK pathway inhibitor SB203580 but not the p42/44 MAPK pathway blocker PD98059 decreased adenosine-induced CREB activation, indicating that p38 MAPK but not p42/44 MAPK is an upstream mediator of CREB activation.	Adenosine	98-107	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	149-152
14641800-6	2003	Following dipyridamole, IDC patients showed lower plasma adenosine levels than controls (322 +/- 56 nM L-1 vs. 732 +/- 250 nM L-1, P < 0.001).	Adenosine	57-66	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	103-106
14530217-9	2003	We found that ATP and ADP were degraded to adenosine by Li-7A cells and that treatment of Li-7A cells by adenosine resulted in growth inhibition and caspase-3 activation, indicating that adenosine is the apoptotic agent.	Adenosine	105-114	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	149-158
14530217-9	2003	We found that ATP and ADP were degraded to adenosine by Li-7A cells and that treatment of Li-7A cells by adenosine resulted in growth inhibition and caspase-3 activation, indicating that adenosine is the apoptotic agent.	Adenosine	105-114	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	149-158
14530217-12	2003	Cytotoxicity caused by exogenous ATP and adenosine was completely abolished by the caspase-3 inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK, demonstrating the central role of caspase-3 in apoptosis of Li-7A cells.	Adenosine	41-50	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	83-92
14530217-12	2003	Cytotoxicity caused by exogenous ATP and adenosine was completely abolished by the caspase-3 inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK, demonstrating the central role of caspase-3 in apoptosis of Li-7A cells.	Adenosine	41-50	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	149-158
14734746-0	2004	IFN-alpha induced adenosine production on the endothelium: a mechanism mediated by CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) up-regulation.	Adenosine	18-27	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	0-9
14734746-4	2004	Moreover, CD73-mediated production of adenosine is increased after IFN-alpha treatment on endothelial cells, resulting in a decrease in the permeability of these cells.	Adenosine	38-47	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	67-76
14734746-8	2004	Overall, these results suggest that IFN-alpha is a relevant in vivo regulator of CD73 in the endothelial-leukocyte microenvironment in infections/inflammations, and thus has a fundamental role in controlling the extent of inflammation via CD73-dependent adenosine production.	Adenosine	254-263	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	36-45
16429616-5	2004	Adenosine, but not ATP, activates ERK/MAPK through stimulation of cAMP-linked A2(A) adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	34-37
16429616-5	2004	Adenosine, but not ATP, activates ERK/MAPK through stimulation of cAMP-linked A2(A) adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	38-42
15106882-4	2004	Similar to PVI, these compounds lowered the Km of AK for adenosine.	Adenosine	57-66	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	50-52
15106882-9	2004	This interaction likely facilitates the transfer of gamma-phosphate from ATP to adenosine, thus accounting for the stimulating role of PVI in AK catalysis.	Adenosine	80-89	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	142-144
14760094-0	2004	Role of estrogen receptor in the regulation of ecto-5"-nucleotidase and adenosine in breast cancer.	Adenosine	72-81	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	8-25
14760094-1	2004	PURPOSE: The purpose is to understand the expression of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN), an adenosine producing enzyme with potential roles in angiogenesis, growth, and immunosuppression, in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative and -positive breast cancer.	Adenosine	86-95	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	185-202
14760094-1	2004	PURPOSE: The purpose is to understand the expression of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN), an adenosine producing enzyme with potential roles in angiogenesis, growth, and immunosuppression, in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative and -positive breast cancer.	Adenosine	86-95	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	204-206
14760094-4	2004	RESULTS: ER-negative cells express high eN protein and mRNA levels and produce up to 104-fold more adenosine from AMP and ATP.	Adenosine	99-108	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	9-11
14760094-5	2004	Estradiol and antiestrogen treatments confirm that eN mRNA and protein expression and adenosine generation are negatively regulated through the ER.	Adenosine	86-95	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	144-146
14760094-9	2004	CONCLUSIONS: Our results show for the first time that eN is negatively regulated by ERalpha in dominant fashion and suggests that eN expression and its generation of adenosine may relate to breast cancer progression.	Adenosine	166-175	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	84-91
14630725-2	2004	High tissue adenosine levels have been shown to adversely affect microvascular function and tissue survival after an ischemic episode, and previous work in this laboratory has shown that adenosine causes arteriolar constriction and degranulation of mast cells via the A3 receptor (A3AR).	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	281-285
14630725-2	2004	High tissue adenosine levels have been shown to adversely affect microvascular function and tissue survival after an ischemic episode, and previous work in this laboratory has shown that adenosine causes arteriolar constriction and degranulation of mast cells via the A3 receptor (A3AR).	Adenosine	187-196	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	281-285
14630725-3	2004	We hypothesized that adenosine exerts at least part of its effect through modification of the glycocalyx via the A3AR.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	113-117
14630725-7	2004	Knockout mice deficient in the A3AR were completely protected from glycocalyx changes attributable to adenosine.	Adenosine	102-111	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	31-35
14684303-2	2004	We found that potent inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1) was achieved when isoindolinone was linked to adenosine by a spacer group of a specific length.	Adenosine	119-128	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	35-63
14684303-2	2004	We found that potent inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1) was achieved when isoindolinone was linked to adenosine by a spacer group of a specific length.	Adenosine	119-128	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	65-71
12954595-0	2004	C-peptide improves adenosine-induced myocardial vasodilation in type 1 diabetes patients.	Adenosine	19-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-9
12954595-6	2004	During C-peptide administration, adenosine-stimulated MBF increased on average 35% more than during saline infusion (P < 0.02) and reached values similar to those for the healthy controls.	Adenosine	33-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	7-16
12974671-7	2004	These observations identify 4.1G as a novel A1AR-binding partner that can regulate adenosine action.	Adenosine	83-92	erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 like 2	Homo sapiens	28-32
14766427-1	2004	Extracellular purine nucleotide and nucleoside signalling molecules, such as ATP and adenosine, acting through specific receptors (P2 and P1, respectively) play significant roles in the mechanisms underlying the febrile response.	Adenosine	85-94	neuropeptide Y receptor Y4	Homo sapiens	131-140
15714002-0	2004	ERK, PKC and PI3K/Akt pathways mediate extracellular ATP and adenosine-induced proliferation of U138-MG human glioma cell line.	Adenosine	61-70	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
15714002-0	2004	ERK, PKC and PI3K/Akt pathways mediate extracellular ATP and adenosine-induced proliferation of U138-MG human glioma cell line.	Adenosine	61-70	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	18-21
15714002-5	2004	RESULTS: ATP or adenosine (100 microM) induced extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), Akt and GSK3beta phosphorylation.	Adenosine	16-25	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	47-92
15714002-5	2004	RESULTS: ATP or adenosine (100 microM) induced extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), Akt and GSK3beta phosphorylation.	Adenosine	16-25	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	94-97
15714002-5	2004	RESULTS: ATP or adenosine (100 microM) induced extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), Akt and GSK3beta phosphorylation.	Adenosine	16-25	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	100-103
15342215-9	2004	Quercetin and resveratrol restored the decreased CD39/ATPdase activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, in response to thrombin as demonstrated by adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and adenosine increases in endothelial culture supernatants.	Adenosine	157-166	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	129-137
15381390-2	2004	Human platelets synthesize nitric oxide (NO) through an endothelial-type NO synthase (ecNOS) activated also by substances enhancing 3",5"-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations, such as catecholamines, beta-adrenoceptor agonists and adenosine.	Adenosine	145-154	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	86-91
14651954-0	2003	Adenosine stimulates CREB activation in macrophages via a p38 MAPK-mediated mechanism.	Adenosine	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	58-61
14651954-3	2003	Since adenosine receptor occupancy has been associated with activation of the cAMP-PKA system as well as of p38 MAPK and p42/44 MAPK, all of which can activate the CREB transcription factor system, we hypothesized that adenosine would activate CREB in macrophages.	Adenosine	6-15	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	108-111
14651954-6	2003	Adenosine stimulated both p38 and p42/44 MAPK activation.	Adenosine	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	26-29
14746372-15	2003	The induction in sleep and the rise in adenosine were blocked by the CB1-receptor antagonist, SR141716A.	Adenosine	39-48	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	69-72
14635203-1	2003	Imatinib mesylate targets the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding sites of the protein tyrosine kinase domains associated with Bcr-abl, the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and c-kit.	Adenosine	30-39	KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	183-188
14609743-1	2003	Administration of the adenosine analogue fludarabine (FLU) in vivo induces a profound and prolonged T lymphopenia which mainly affects CD4(+) cells.	Adenosine	22-31	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	135-138
14596595-7	2003	The affinities of several nucleotides (ATP, ADP, AMP, adenosine, and AMPPNP) to Sky1p and the prototype kinase, cAMP-dependent protein kinase, were compared in the absence and presence of the metal activator, Mg(2+), using a fluorescence-based displacement assay.	Adenosine	54-63	serine/threonine protein kinase SKY1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	80-85
14563484-10	2003	Adenosine was metabolized by cellular adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	62-78
14684303-0	2004	The discovery and synthesis of novel adenosine substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-ones: potent inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1).	Adenosine	37-46	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	143-149
14505676-0	2003	Adenosine-anchored triphosphate subsite probing: distinguishing between HER-2 and HER-4 tyrosine protein kinases.	Adenosine	0-9	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	72-77
14598265-8	2003	The signals triggering hepatic preconditioning have been partially characterized, showing that adenosine, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species can activate multiple protein kinase cascades involving, among others, protein kinase C and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.	Adenosine	95-104	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	240-243
14505676-2	2003	The SAR profiles of a panel of adenosine-anchored bicyclic heterocycles against HER-2 and HER-4 indicated that specificity can be derived for highly homologous protein kinases from stereospecific recognition in the triphosphate-subsite.	Adenosine	31-40	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	80-85
14559831-0	2003	An adenosine analogue, IB-MECA, down-regulates estrogen receptor alpha and suppresses human breast cancer cell proliferation.	Adenosine	3-12	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	47-70
14562031-2	2003	We have recently demonstrated that adenosine inhibits tumour cell growth and concomitantly stimulates bone marrow cell proliferation via activation of the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR).	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	155-176
14562031-2	2003	We have recently demonstrated that adenosine inhibits tumour cell growth and concomitantly stimulates bone marrow cell proliferation via activation of the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR).	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	178-182
12970111-5	2003	Our in vitro study of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes showed that 2-chloroadenosine (CADO), a stable adenosine analogue, inhibits protein synthesis of cardiomyocytes induced by phenylephrine, endothelin-1, angiotensin II, or isoproterenol, which were mimicked by the stimulation of adenosine A1 receptors.	Adenosine	70-79	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	188-200
12970111-5	2003	Our in vitro study of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes showed that 2-chloroadenosine (CADO), a stable adenosine analogue, inhibits protein synthesis of cardiomyocytes induced by phenylephrine, endothelin-1, angiotensin II, or isoproterenol, which were mimicked by the stimulation of adenosine A1 receptors.	Adenosine	70-79	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	202-216
14504137-7	2003	These findings indicate that adenosine can stimulate IL-6 secretion in FS cells via the A2b receptor coupled principally to PLC/PKC and p38 MAPK; such an action may be important in the modulation of inflammatory response processes in the pituitary gland.	Adenosine	29-38	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	53-57
14559831-2	2003	Here, we report that among different adenosine analogues tested, micromolar concentrations of the A(3) adenosine receptor (A(3)AR)-selective agonist N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5"-N-methyluronamide (IB-MECA) completely inhibited the growth of the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and ZR-75 while inducing apoptosis in T47D and Hs578T cells, which do not express A(3)AR mRNA.	Adenosine	37-46	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	98-121
14559831-2	2003	Here, we report that among different adenosine analogues tested, micromolar concentrations of the A(3) adenosine receptor (A(3)AR)-selective agonist N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5"-N-methyluronamide (IB-MECA) completely inhibited the growth of the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and ZR-75 while inducing apoptosis in T47D and Hs578T cells, which do not express A(3)AR mRNA.	Adenosine	37-46	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	123-129
14559831-6	2003	The inhibitory effects on cell growth and to some extent on ERalpha were mimicked by 2-chloro-adenosine >3"-deoxyadenosine> adenosine but not by a variety of other ligands.	Adenosine	94-103	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	60-67
14508236-18	2003	The hypoxia-induced adenosine-mediated vasodilatation seems to be an adenosine A2A-receptor-mediated effect.	Adenosine	20-29	adenosine receptor A2a	Cavia porcellus	69-91
14577586-0	2003	Adenosine protects against angiotensin II-induced apoptosis in rat cardiocyte cultures.	Adenosine	0-9	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	27-41
12766259-0	2003	cDNA microarray analysis reveals a nuclear factor-kappaB-independent regulation of macrophage function by adenosine.	Adenosine	106-115	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	35-56
14993458-5	2003	It appears that the addition of adenosine or other A(2A)R agonists can mediate the "angiogenic switch," in macrophages, from TNFalpha protein expression to expression of components necessary for angiogenesis.	Adenosine	32-41	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	125-133
12724271-1	2003	The extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway refers to the local production of adenosine mediated by cAMP egress into the extracellular space, conversion of cAMP to AMP by ectophosphodiesterase (PDE), and the metabolism of AMP to adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	23-32	5'-nucleotidase	Bos taurus	239-259
12724271-1	2003	The extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway refers to the local production of adenosine mediated by cAMP egress into the extracellular space, conversion of cAMP to AMP by ectophosphodiesterase (PDE), and the metabolism of AMP to adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	75-84	5'-nucleotidase	Bos taurus	239-259
12724271-1	2003	The extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway refers to the local production of adenosine mediated by cAMP egress into the extracellular space, conversion of cAMP to AMP by ectophosphodiesterase (PDE), and the metabolism of AMP to adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	75-84	5'-nucleotidase	Bos taurus	239-259
12766259-5	2003	We hypothesized that adenosine may exert some of its anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), because gene expression of most of the proinflammatory cytokines inhibited by adenosine is dependent on NF-kappaB activation.	Adenosine	21-30	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	132-153
12766259-5	2003	We hypothesized that adenosine may exert some of its anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), because gene expression of most of the proinflammatory cytokines inhibited by adenosine is dependent on NF-kappaB activation.	Adenosine	21-30	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	155-164
12766259-5	2003	We hypothesized that adenosine may exert some of its anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), because gene expression of most of the proinflammatory cytokines inhibited by adenosine is dependent on NF-kappaB activation.	Adenosine	21-30	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	271-280
12766259-5	2003	We hypothesized that adenosine may exert some of its anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), because gene expression of most of the proinflammatory cytokines inhibited by adenosine is dependent on NF-kappaB activation.	Adenosine	245-254	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	132-153
12766259-5	2003	We hypothesized that adenosine may exert some of its anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), because gene expression of most of the proinflammatory cytokines inhibited by adenosine is dependent on NF-kappaB activation.	Adenosine	245-254	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	155-164
12766259-6	2003	Using bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, we found that adenosine as well as adenosine receptor agonists decreased the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, a typical NF-kappaB-regulated cytokine.	Adenosine	89-98	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	166-199
12766259-6	2003	Using bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, we found that adenosine as well as adenosine receptor agonists decreased the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, a typical NF-kappaB-regulated cytokine.	Adenosine	89-98	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	211-220
12766259-7	2003	This effect of adenosine was not due to an action on the process of TNF-alpha release, because adenosine suppressed also the intracellular levels of TNF-alpha.	Adenosine	15-24	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	149-158
12766259-7	2003	This effect of adenosine was not due to an action on the process of TNF-alpha release, because adenosine suppressed also the intracellular levels of TNF-alpha.	Adenosine	95-104	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	149-158
12875990-2	2003	Here, we demonstrate that TLR2, TLR7, and TLR9, but not TLR3 and TLR5 agonists, also synergize with A(2A)R agonists and adenosine to up-regulate VEGF, while simultaneously strongly down-regulating TNFalpha expression.	Adenosine	120-129	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	197-205
14504137-0	2003	Adenosine-induced IL-6 expression in pituitary folliculostellate cells is mediated via A2b adenosine receptors coupled to PKC and p38 MAPK.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	18-22
14504137-2	2003	We investigated the action of adenosine A2 receptor agonists on IL-6 and VEGF secretion in two murine FS cell lines (TtT/GF and Tpit/F1), and demonstrated a rank order of potency, 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA)>2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine>adenosine, suggesting mediation via the A2b receptor.	Adenosine	30-39	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	64-68
12875990-4	2003	In the presence of adenosine or A(2A)R agonists, but not A(1)R agonists, TLR2, 4, 7, and 9 agonists strongly up-regulate VEGF expression, while simultaneously down-regulating TNFalpha.	Adenosine	19-28	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	175-183
12875990-9	2003	While adenosine and A(2A)R agonists strongly down-regulate TNFalpha protein expression induced by TLR2, 3, 4, 7, and 9 agonists, TNFalpha mRNA and NF-kappaB activation are not reduced.	Adenosine	6-15	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	59-67
12887702-1	2003	Adenosine exerts its effects through four subtypes of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs): adenosine A1 and A3 receptors (A3R), which generally couple to Gi proteins and adenosine A2A and A2B receptors that activate Gs proteins.	Adenosine	0-9	brain protein 1	Mus musculus	101-125
12897201-3	2003	A new study reveals a previously unrecognized interaction between adenosine and IL-13 that indicates a mutual stimulation that may contribute to the nature and severity of airway inflammation and fibrosis.	Adenosine	66-75	interleukin 13	Homo sapiens	80-85
12897202-0	2003	Adenosine mediates IL-13-induced inflammation and remodeling in the lung and interacts in an IL-13-adenosine amplification pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	19-24
12897202-0	2003	Adenosine mediates IL-13-induced inflammation and remodeling in the lung and interacts in an IL-13-adenosine amplification pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	93-98
12897202-0	2003	Adenosine mediates IL-13-induced inflammation and remodeling in the lung and interacts in an IL-13-adenosine amplification pathway.	Adenosine	99-108	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	93-98
12897202-2	2003	We hypothesized that adenosine accumulation, alterations in adenosine receptors, and adenosine-IL-13 autoinduction are critical events in IL-13-induced pathologies.	Adenosine	21-30	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	138-143
12897202-2	2003	We hypothesized that adenosine accumulation, alterations in adenosine receptors, and adenosine-IL-13 autoinduction are critical events in IL-13-induced pathologies.	Adenosine	60-69	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	138-143
12897202-3	2003	To test this, we characterized the effects of IL-13 overexpression on the levels of adenosine, adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity, and adenosine receptors in the murine lung.	Adenosine	84-93	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	46-51
12897202-4	2003	We also determined whether adenosine induced IL-13 in lungs from ADA-null mice.	Adenosine	27-36	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	45-50
12897202-6	2003	During this response, IL-13 caused a progressive increase in adenosine accumulation, inhibited ADA activity and mRNA accumulation, and augmented the expression of the A1, A2B, and A3 but not the A2A adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	61-70	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	22-27
12897202-7	2003	ADA enzyme therapy diminished the IL-13-induced increase in adenosine, inhibited IL-13-induced inflammation, chemokine elaboration, fibrosis, and alveolar destruction, and prolonged the survival of IL-13-transgenic animals.	Adenosine	60-69	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	34-39
12897202-8	2003	In addition, IL-13 was strongly induced by adenosine in ADA-null mice.	Adenosine	43-52	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	13-18
12897202-9	2003	These findings demonstrate that adenosine and adenosine signaling contribute to and influence the severity of IL-13-induced tissue responses.	Adenosine	32-41	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	110-115
12897202-9	2003	These findings demonstrate that adenosine and adenosine signaling contribute to and influence the severity of IL-13-induced tissue responses.	Adenosine	46-55	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	110-115
12897202-10	2003	They also demonstrate that IL-13 and adenosine stimulate one another in an amplification pathway that may contribute to the nature, severity, progression, and/or chronicity of IL-13 and/or Th2-mediated disorders.	Adenosine	37-46	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	176-181
12788371-6	2003	Competition experiments with AMP-PCP, a non-hydrolyzable analogue of ATP, evidenced a nucleotide"s inhibitory influence on the adenosine and xanthine activation of the RyR.	Adenosine	127-136	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	168-171
12770698-3	2003	A recent study demonstrated that the deletion of adenosine in the promoter region of the presenilin 2 gene (PS2) is a susceptibility factor for early-onset AD.	Adenosine	49-58	presenilin 2	Homo sapiens	89-101
12770698-3	2003	A recent study demonstrated that the deletion of adenosine in the promoter region of the presenilin 2 gene (PS2) is a susceptibility factor for early-onset AD.	Adenosine	49-58	presenilin 2	Homo sapiens	108-111
14690493-19	2003	It can be concluded that adenosine through its A2 receptor produces vasorelaxant effect by interfering with the release of Ca2+ from the intracellular stores coupled with influx of Ca2+ from the extracellular sources.	Adenosine	25-34	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	123-126
14690493-19	2003	It can be concluded that adenosine through its A2 receptor produces vasorelaxant effect by interfering with the release of Ca2+ from the intracellular stores coupled with influx of Ca2+ from the extracellular sources.	Adenosine	25-34	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	181-184
12781994-11	2003	Similar findings were seen with dopamine-and-adenosine-3"5"-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP-32) staining.	Adenosine	45-54	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1B	Rattus norvegicus	100-108
12761355-9	2003	Conversely, 1 to 7 h after addition of either adenosine analog (i.e., before the appearance of caspase-3 activation), caspase-2 activity was surprisingly and markedly increased.	Adenosine	46-55	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	95-104
12761355-11	2003	We conclude that adenosine analogs induce the apoptosis of human astrocytoma cells by activating an atypical apoptotic cascade involving caspase-2 as an initiator caspase, and effector caspase-3.	Adenosine	17-26	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	185-194
12843357-10	2003	The common haplotype A-G-8/12-C was associated with low IL-6 levels after stroke and a reduced induction of IL-6 transcription on stimulation with an adenosine analog in vitro.	Adenosine	150-159	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	56-60
12843357-10	2003	The common haplotype A-G-8/12-C was associated with low IL-6 levels after stroke and a reduced induction of IL-6 transcription on stimulation with an adenosine analog in vitro.	Adenosine	150-159	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	108-112
12788371-0	2003	Modulation of the skeletal muscle Ca2+ release channel/ryanodine receptor by adenosine and its metabolites: a structure-activity approach.	Adenosine	77-86	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	55-73
12788371-1	2003	Activation of ryanodine receptor (RyR) from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum by adenosine and adenosine"s metabolites was studied.	Adenosine	86-95	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	14-32
12788371-1	2003	Activation of ryanodine receptor (RyR) from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum by adenosine and adenosine"s metabolites was studied.	Adenosine	86-95	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	34-37
12788371-1	2003	Activation of ryanodine receptor (RyR) from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum by adenosine and adenosine"s metabolites was studied.	Adenosine	100-109	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	14-32
12788371-1	2003	Activation of ryanodine receptor (RyR) from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum by adenosine and adenosine"s metabolites was studied.	Adenosine	100-109	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	34-37
12843280-6	2003	Adenosine inhibits signaling between CA3 and CA1 neurons, but it is unclear from pharmacologic studies whether this response is caused by presynaptic or postsynaptic effects.	Adenosine	0-9	carbonic anhydrase 3	Mus musculus	37-40
12843280-7	2003	Deletion of A1 receptors from CA3 neurons abolished this response to adenosine, but deletion of A1 receptors from CA1 neurons had no effect, demonstrating a presynaptic site of action.	Adenosine	69-78	carbonic anhydrase 3	Mus musculus	30-33
12785003-7	2003	The plasma IL-6 response to endotoxin was attenuated by adenosine, as IL-6 increased from 0.9 (0.8-1.6) to 1345 (743-1906) pg/mL (median; 25-75th percentiles) with adenosine infusion, and from 0.8 (0.5-1) to 1,959 (1,344-2,505) pg/mL with placebo (P = 0.0065).	Adenosine	56-65	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	70-74
12785003-7	2003	The plasma IL-6 response to endotoxin was attenuated by adenosine, as IL-6 increased from 0.9 (0.8-1.6) to 1345 (743-1906) pg/mL (median; 25-75th percentiles) with adenosine infusion, and from 0.8 (0.5-1) to 1,959 (1,344-2,505) pg/mL with placebo (P = 0.0065).	Adenosine	164-173	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	11-15
12785003-9	2003	In conclusion, systemic adenosine infusion counteracts the release of IL-6 in healthy volunteers, indicating an anti-inflammatory effect of adenosine which should be further explored.	Adenosine	24-33	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	70-74
12785003-9	2003	In conclusion, systemic adenosine infusion counteracts the release of IL-6 in healthy volunteers, indicating an anti-inflammatory effect of adenosine which should be further explored.	Adenosine	140-149	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	70-74
12788371-7	2003	As a result of a Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) study, we found a significant correlation between the modulation by adenosine and its metabolites on RyR activity and the components of their calculated dipole moment vector.	Adenosine	137-146	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	170-173
12788371-8	2003	Our results show that the ribose moiety and the dipole moment vector could be factors that make possible the modulation of the RyR activity by adenosine and its metabolites.	Adenosine	143-152	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	127-130
12446452-5	2003	In addition, adenosine dose-dependently inhibited tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-12 (IL-12) release, whereas it enhanced the secretion of IL-10 from mDCs.	Adenosine	13-22	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	50-77
12519745-6	2003	Activation of endogenous AMPK with the cell-permeant adenosine analog 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) inhibited forskolin-stimulated CFTR-dependent I(sc) in nonpermeabilized monolayers and monolayers with nystatin permeabilization of the basolateral membrane.	Adenosine	53-62	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	164-168
12694532-5	2003	Adenine, adenosine, and all of the 2"-deoxynucleosides inhibited the Ran-GEF activity of RCC1; however, only adenine and 2"-deoxyadenosine (2"-dA) induced PCC.	Adenosine	9-18	GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran	Mesocricetus auratus	69-72
12785003-0	2003	Adenosine treatment attenuates cytokine interleukin-6 responses to endotoxin challenge in healthy volunteers.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	40-53
12785003-7	2003	The plasma IL-6 response to endotoxin was attenuated by adenosine, as IL-6 increased from 0.9 (0.8-1.6) to 1345 (743-1906) pg/mL (median; 25-75th percentiles) with adenosine infusion, and from 0.8 (0.5-1) to 1,959 (1,344-2,505) pg/mL with placebo (P = 0.0065).	Adenosine	56-65	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	11-15
12694532-5	2003	Adenine, adenosine, and all of the 2"-deoxynucleosides inhibited the Ran-GEF activity of RCC1; however, only adenine and 2"-deoxyadenosine (2"-dA) induced PCC.	Adenosine	9-18	regulator of chromosome condensation	Mesocricetus auratus	89-93
12529321-9	2003	In contrast, only p110beta was required for enhancement of antigen-stimulated degranulation by adenosine, which augments mast cell-mediated airway inflammation in asthma.	Adenosine	95-104	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit beta	Rattus norvegicus	18-26
12820662-0	2003	Coupling of CFTR-mediated anion secretion to nucleoside transporters and adenosine homeostasis in Calu-3 cells.	Adenosine	73-82	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	12-16
12820662-8	2003	These results suggested that the equilibrative nucleoside transporters (hENT1, hENT2) together with adenosine kinase and 5"-nucleotidase play a crucial role in the regulation of CFTR through an adenosine-dependent pathway in human airway epithelia.	Adenosine	100-109	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	178-182
12719658-4	2003	The extracellular and intracellular actions of adenosine were analyzed pharmacologically by the use of specific blockers of membrane adenosine transport and intracellular adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	47-56	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	171-190
12719658-4	2003	The extracellular and intracellular actions of adenosine were analyzed pharmacologically by the use of specific blockers of membrane adenosine transport and intracellular adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	47-56	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	192-195
12719658-7	2003	ADA inhibitors induced a complete reversal of the maximum adenosine actions; iv) inhibition by cantharidin of phosphoprotein phosphatases (after inhibition of ADA) reduced the adenosine-induced responses.	Adenosine	58-67	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	0-3
12719658-7	2003	ADA inhibitors induced a complete reversal of the maximum adenosine actions; iv) inhibition by cantharidin of phosphoprotein phosphatases (after inhibition of ADA) reduced the adenosine-induced responses.	Adenosine	176-185	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	0-3
12719658-7	2003	ADA inhibitors induced a complete reversal of the maximum adenosine actions; iv) inhibition by cantharidin of phosphoprotein phosphatases (after inhibition of ADA) reduced the adenosine-induced responses.	Adenosine	176-185	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	159-162
12695552-6	2003	Preincubation of neutrophils with adenosine deaminase reversed the inhibitory effect of platelets in fMLP-treated neutrophils, indicating that adenosine was responsible for the platelet inhibition of leukotriene B(4) and 5-HETE formation.	Adenosine	34-43	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	101-105
12695552-10	2003	through adenosine when neutrophils are activated with fMLP, and (c).	Adenosine	8-17	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	54-58
12709900-7	2003	These findings suggest that paeoniflorin could induce the release of adenosine from isolated rat white adipocytes and the released adenosine may activate the adenosine A 1 receptor to enhance glucose uptake.	Adenosine	131-140	adenosine A1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	158-180
12600879-4	2003	The adenosine agonist NECA (100 micromol/L) increased interleukin-8 (IL-8), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and angiopoietin-2 mRNA expression.	Adenosine	4-13	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	54-67
12600879-4	2003	The adenosine agonist NECA (100 micromol/L) increased interleukin-8 (IL-8), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and angiopoietin-2 mRNA expression.	Adenosine	4-13	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	69-73
12600879-4	2003	The adenosine agonist NECA (100 micromol/L) increased interleukin-8 (IL-8), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and angiopoietin-2 mRNA expression.	Adenosine	4-13	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	76-110
12600879-4	2003	The adenosine agonist NECA (100 micromol/L) increased interleukin-8 (IL-8), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and angiopoietin-2 mRNA expression.	Adenosine	4-13	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	112-116
12421692-5	2003	Interestingly, adenosine induces in parallel the expression of the protein targeting to glycogen (PTG), one of the protein phosphatase-1 glycogen-targeting subunits that has been implicated in the control of glycogen levels in various tissues.	Adenosine	15-24	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3C	Mus musculus	67-96
12421692-5	2003	Interestingly, adenosine induces in parallel the expression of the protein targeting to glycogen (PTG), one of the protein phosphatase-1 glycogen-targeting subunits that has been implicated in the control of glycogen levels in various tissues.	Adenosine	15-24	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3C	Mus musculus	98-101
12628967-5	2003	Last, it was demonstrated that IL-13 induces adenosine accumulation and that adenosine in turn stimulates IL-13 elaboration.	Adenosine	45-54	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	31-36
12628967-5	2003	Last, it was demonstrated that IL-13 induces adenosine accumulation and that adenosine in turn stimulates IL-13 elaboration.	Adenosine	77-86	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	106-111
12667691-2	2003	Inhibition of intracellular adenosine kinase (AK) increases the local extracellular concentration of adenosine and its effect on traumatized tissue.	Adenosine	28-37	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	46-48
12670309-0	2003	NMDA receptor-mediated extracellular adenosine accumulation in rat forebrain neurons in culture is associated with inhibition of adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	37-46	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	129-145
12670309-10	2003	Consistent with the hypothesis that inhibition of adenosine kinase is sufficient to cause an increase in extracellular adenosine, inhibition of adenosine kinase by 5"-iodotubercidin resulted in elevation of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	50-59	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	144-160
12670309-10	2003	Consistent with the hypothesis that inhibition of adenosine kinase is sufficient to cause an increase in extracellular adenosine, inhibition of adenosine kinase by 5"-iodotubercidin resulted in elevation of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	119-128	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	50-66
12670309-10	2003	Consistent with the hypothesis that inhibition of adenosine kinase is sufficient to cause an increase in extracellular adenosine, inhibition of adenosine kinase by 5"-iodotubercidin resulted in elevation of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	119-128	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	144-160
12606947-2	2003	Owing to the pivotal role of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB in these responses, we tested the hypothesis that adenosine mediates its effects through suppression of NF-kappaB activation.	Adenosine	106-115	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	29-55
12606947-4	2003	The treatment of these cells with adenosine suppressed TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation, but had no effect on activation of another redox-sensitive transcription factor, AP-1.	Adenosine	34-43	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	55-58
12606947-6	2003	The effect on TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation was selective as adenosine had minimal effect on NF-kappaB activation induced by H(2)O(2), PMA, LPS, okadaic acid, or ceramide, suggesting differences in the pathway leading to NF-kappaB activation by different agents.	Adenosine	64-73	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	14-17
12606947-7	2003	Adenosine also suppressed NF-kappaB-dependent reporter gene expression activated by TNF or by overexpression of TNFR1, TRAF 2, NIK, and p65 subunit of NF-kappaB.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	84-87
12606947-8	2003	The suppression of TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation by adenosine was found not to be because of inhibition of TNF-induced IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation or IkappaBalpha kinase activation.	Adenosine	55-64	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	19-22
12606947-9	2003	The suppression of TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation was unique to adenosine, as neither its metabolites (inosine, AMP, and ATP) nor pyrimidines (thymidine and uridine) had any effect.	Adenosine	66-75	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	19-22
12606947-10	2003	Overall, our results clearly demonstrate that adenosine selectively suppresses TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation, which may contribute to its role in suppression of inflammation and of the immune system.	Adenosine	46-55	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	79-82
12538871-1	2003	Dopamine, by activating dopamine D1-type receptors, and adenosine, by activating adenosine A(2A) receptors, stimulate phosphorylation of DARPP-32 (dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of M(r) 32,000) at Thr-34.	Adenosine	56-65	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B	Homo sapiens	137-145
12527738-11	2003	Finally, both bradykinin and NO donor released adenosine from superfused endothelial cells in vitro; L-NAME attenuated only the former response.	Adenosine	47-56	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	14-24
12627324-4	2003	AMPK activation in beta cells was induced by the adenosine analog AICA-riboside and detected by immunoblotting using a phosphospecific antibody.	Adenosine	49-58	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	0-4
12445443-2	2003	Our amperometric adenosine biosensor is made by entrapping 3 enzymes (xanthine oxidase, purine nucleoside phosphorylase and adenosine deaminase) in a composite lactobionamide and amphiphillic polypyrrole matrix around a Pt microelectrode.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine deaminase S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	124-143
12544724-10	2003	Release of t-PA is independent of forearm vasodilatation, adenosine or biological products of muscarinic stimulation and may, perhaps, be related to the activity of the endogenous kininogen/kinin system.	Adenosine	58-67	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	11-15
12570760-4	2003	Through A(2B) receptors adenosine seems to cause mast cells degranulation, vasodilation, cardiac fibroblast proliferation, inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-alpha), increased synthesis of interleukin-6 (IL-6), stimulation of Cl(-) secretion in intestinal epithelia and hepatic glucose production.	Adenosine	24-33	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	137-158
12570760-4	2003	Through A(2B) receptors adenosine seems to cause mast cells degranulation, vasodilation, cardiac fibroblast proliferation, inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-alpha), increased synthesis of interleukin-6 (IL-6), stimulation of Cl(-) secretion in intestinal epithelia and hepatic glucose production.	Adenosine	24-33	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	160-169
12570760-4	2003	Through A(2B) receptors adenosine seems to cause mast cells degranulation, vasodilation, cardiac fibroblast proliferation, inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-alpha), increased synthesis of interleukin-6 (IL-6), stimulation of Cl(-) secretion in intestinal epithelia and hepatic glucose production.	Adenosine	24-33	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	195-208
12570760-4	2003	Through A(2B) receptors adenosine seems to cause mast cells degranulation, vasodilation, cardiac fibroblast proliferation, inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-alpha), increased synthesis of interleukin-6 (IL-6), stimulation of Cl(-) secretion in intestinal epithelia and hepatic glucose production.	Adenosine	24-33	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	210-214
12524467-13	2003	A model has been proposed for adenosine activation of EPO production that involves protein kinases A and C and the phospholipase A(2) pathway.	Adenosine	30-39	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	54-57
12559003-0	2003	Protein kinase C-epsilon is involved in the adenosine-activated signal transduction pathway conferring protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in primary rat neuronal cultures.	Adenosine	44-53	protein kinase C, epsilon	Rattus norvegicus	0-24
12492427-0	2002	Vasopressin and oxytocin reverse adenosine-induced pituicyte stellation via calcium-dependent activation of Cdc42.	Adenosine	33-42	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
12763076-3	2003	The results indicate that: (1) the suppression of adenosine on I(GABA) is mediated by adenosine A(1) receptor and through a Ca(2+)-independent protein kinase C transduction pathway; (2) the interactions between adenosine and GABA might be involved in the modulation of nociceptive information transmission at spinal cord level.	Adenosine	50-59	adenosine A1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	86-109
12377770-9	2002	Finally, using beta-globin reporter gene constructs containing uPA mRNA 3"-untranslated region (UTR) and adenosine/uridine-rich elements-deleted 3"-UTR, we demonstrated that p38 MAPK/MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 signaling pathway regulated uPA mRNA stability through a mechanism involving the adenosine/uridine-rich elements sequence in 3"-UTR of uPA mRNA.	Adenosine	105-114	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	174-177
12377770-9	2002	Finally, using beta-globin reporter gene constructs containing uPA mRNA 3"-untranslated region (UTR) and adenosine/uridine-rich elements-deleted 3"-UTR, we demonstrated that p38 MAPK/MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 signaling pathway regulated uPA mRNA stability through a mechanism involving the adenosine/uridine-rich elements sequence in 3"-UTR of uPA mRNA.	Adenosine	296-305	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	174-177
12492427-0	2002	Vasopressin and oxytocin reverse adenosine-induced pituicyte stellation via calcium-dependent activation of Cdc42.	Adenosine	33-42	oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	16-24
12483466-12	2002	More specifically, after pravastatin treatment the adenosine-stimulated flow increased by 54.5% in men with the eNOS ba genotype, whereas in the men with the bb genotype no significant change in flow was observed ( P=0.002 for ba versus bb).	Adenosine	51-60	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	112-116
12483466-15	2002	Our results suggest that adenosine-stimulated myocardial perfusion improves after treatment with pravastatin in subjects with the eNOS ba genotype but not in those with the bb genotype.	Adenosine	25-34	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	130-134
12473980-8	2002	Both early and pharmacological preconditioning can be pharmacologically mimicked by exogenous adenosine, opioids, NO and activators of protein kinase C. Newly synthetized proteins associated with delayed preconditioning comprise iNOS, COX-2, manganese superoxide dismutase and possibly heat shock proteins.	Adenosine	94-103	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	229-233
12468172-5	2002	In women with preeclampsia, plasma adenosine concentrations increased according to the severity of preeclampsia (0.60 +/- 0.03 micromol/L and 0.72 +/- 0.03 micromol/L, respectively, versus 0.41 +/- 0.03 micromol/L for normal subjects), which correlated with increases of norepinephrine and tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations (r =.58, P <.05; r =.49, P <.05, respectively).	Adenosine	35-44	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	290-317
12468172-7	2002	CONCLUSION: Adenosine is an established suppressor of the effects of norepinephrine and tumor necrosis factor-alpha.	Adenosine	12-21	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	88-115
12643465-5	2002	Ligation of adrenergic, adenosine, bradykinin or opioid receptors involves signaling via both tyrosine and calcium-dependent protein kinases (PKC), which activate mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channels.	Adenosine	24-33	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	35-45
12391247-0	2002	Adenosine up-regulates cyclooxygenase-2 in human granulocytes: impact on the balance of eicosanoid generation.	Adenosine	0-9	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	23-39
12391247-4	2002	We observed that adenosine up-regulates the expression of the COX-2 enzyme and mRNA.	Adenosine	17-26	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	62-67
12391247-6	2002	The potentiating effect of adenosine on COX-2 could be mimicked by pharmacological increases of intracellular cAMP levels, involving the latter as a putative second messenger for the up-regulation of COX-2 by adenosine.	Adenosine	27-36	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	40-45
12391247-6	2002	The potentiating effect of adenosine on COX-2 could be mimicked by pharmacological increases of intracellular cAMP levels, involving the latter as a putative second messenger for the up-regulation of COX-2 by adenosine.	Adenosine	27-36	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	200-205
12391247-6	2002	The potentiating effect of adenosine on COX-2 could be mimicked by pharmacological increases of intracellular cAMP levels, involving the latter as a putative second messenger for the up-regulation of COX-2 by adenosine.	Adenosine	209-218	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	40-45
12391247-6	2002	The potentiating effect of adenosine on COX-2 could be mimicked by pharmacological increases of intracellular cAMP levels, involving the latter as a putative second messenger for the up-regulation of COX-2 by adenosine.	Adenosine	209-218	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	200-205
12133582-0	2002	Adenosine-mediated activation of Akt/protein kinase B in the rat hippocampus in vitro and in vivo.	Adenosine	0-9	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
12429726-5	2002	We hypothesized that endogenous adenosine inhibited LPS-mediated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production via A2AR stimulation.	Adenosine	32-41	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	65-86
12429726-5	2002	We hypothesized that endogenous adenosine inhibited LPS-mediated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production via A2AR stimulation.	Adenosine	32-41	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	88-91
12374781-0	2002	Early activation of the p42/p44MAPK pathway mediates adenosine-induced nitric oxide production in human endothelial cells: a novel calcium-insensitive mechanism.	Adenosine	53-62	cyclin dependent kinase like 1	Homo sapiens	24-27
12374781-0	2002	Early activation of the p42/p44MAPK pathway mediates adenosine-induced nitric oxide production in human endothelial cells: a novel calcium-insensitive mechanism.	Adenosine	53-62	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	28-35
12374781-5	2002	Stimulation of endothelial cells with adenosine was associated with a membrane hyperpolarization and phosphorylation of p42/p44MAPK.	Adenosine	38-47	cyclin dependent kinase like 1	Homo sapiens	120-123
12374781-5	2002	Stimulation of endothelial cells with adenosine was associated with a membrane hyperpolarization and phosphorylation of p42/p44MAPK.	Adenosine	38-47	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	124-131
12374781-7	2002	Genistein (10 microM) and PD98059 (10 microM), an inhibitor of MAPK kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2), inhibited adenosine-stimulated l-arginine transport, NO production, and phosphorylation of p42/p44MAPK.	Adenosine	99-108	cyclin dependent kinase like 1	Homo sapiens	180-183
12374781-7	2002	Genistein (10 microM) and PD98059 (10 microM), an inhibitor of MAPK kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2), inhibited adenosine-stimulated l-arginine transport, NO production, and phosphorylation of p42/p44MAPK.	Adenosine	99-108	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	184-191
12374781-9	2002	Our results provide the first evidence that adenosine stimulates the endothelial cell l-arginine-NO pathway in a Ca2+-insensitive manner involving p42/p44MAPK, with release of NO leading to a membrane hyperpolarization and activation of l-arginine transport.	Adenosine	44-53	cyclin dependent kinase like 1	Homo sapiens	147-150
12374781-9	2002	Our results provide the first evidence that adenosine stimulates the endothelial cell l-arginine-NO pathway in a Ca2+-insensitive manner involving p42/p44MAPK, with release of NO leading to a membrane hyperpolarization and activation of l-arginine transport.	Adenosine	44-53	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	151-158
12377399-0	2002	The adenosine antagonist theophylline impairs p50 auditory sensory gating in normal subjects.	Adenosine	4-13	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	46-49
12377399-5	2002	Since this inhibitory pattern resembles the phenomenon of sensory gating, the contribution of adenosine to p50 suppression was investigated in normal volunteers after treatment with the adenosine antagonist theophylline or placebo.	Adenosine	94-103	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	107-110
12377399-10	2002	The impairment of p50 suppression by theophylline in normal subjects suggests a modulatory role of adenosine in sensory gating, which may be related to p50 suppression deficit in schizophrenia and is in agreement with a hypoadenosinergic model of schizophrenia.	Adenosine	99-108	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	18-21
12377399-10	2002	The impairment of p50 suppression by theophylline in normal subjects suggests a modulatory role of adenosine in sensory gating, which may be related to p50 suppression deficit in schizophrenia and is in agreement with a hypoadenosinergic model of schizophrenia.	Adenosine	99-108	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	152-155
12151032-1	2002	Inhibitors of adenosine kinase (AK) enhance extracellular concentrations of the inhibitory neuromodulator adenosine (ADO) at sites of tissue hyperexcitability and produce antinociceptive effects in animal models of pain and inflammation.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	32-34
12151032-1	2002	Inhibitors of adenosine kinase (AK) enhance extracellular concentrations of the inhibitory neuromodulator adenosine (ADO) at sites of tissue hyperexcitability and produce antinociceptive effects in animal models of pain and inflammation.	Adenosine	117-120	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	14-30
12151032-1	2002	Inhibitors of adenosine kinase (AK) enhance extracellular concentrations of the inhibitory neuromodulator adenosine (ADO) at sites of tissue hyperexcitability and produce antinociceptive effects in animal models of pain and inflammation.	Adenosine	117-120	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	32-34
12368109-7	2002	The A-B transport of GTX 2/3 epimers in Caco-2 cells, but not in IEC-6 cells, was partially Na(+)-dependent and significantly inhibited by adenosine.	Adenosine	139-148	NK6 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	21-24
12238926-9	2002	A rhodopsin-based A(3)AR model, containing all domains except the C-terminal region, indicated separate structural requirements for receptor binding and activation for these adenosine analogues.	Adenosine	174-183	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	18-24
12080047-2	2002	Acting through the adenosine A2b receptor (A2bR), the luminally derived adenosine induces vectorial chloride secretion and a polarized secretion of interleukin-6 to the intestinal lumen.	Adenosine	19-28	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	148-161
12202525-5	2002	The nonselective AR agonist adenosine produced a much smaller increase in IOP (2.2 +/- 0.8 mm Hg) in the knockout than in A3AR+/+ control mice (14.9 +/- 2.4 mm Hg).	Adenosine	28-37	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	122-126
12202525-8	2002	Preadministering MRS 1191 did not affect the small adenosine-triggered increase in IOP in A3AR-/- mice, but markedly attenuated adenosine"s effects on IOP in A3AR+/+ control mice.	Adenosine	128-137	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	158-162
12173924-6	2002	Steady-state kinetic analysis of T. vaginalis PNP-catalyzed reactions gave K(m)"s of 31.5, 59.7, and 6.1 microM for inosine, guanosine, and adenosine in the nucleosidase reaction and 45.6, 35.9, and 12.3 microM for hypoxanthine, guanine, and adenine in the direction of nucleoside synthesis.	Adenosine	140-149	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	46-49
12160952-10	2002	Interestingly, pharmacologic preconditioning with adenosine (100 microM) and diazoxide (30 microM) mimicked IP in both the wild-type (infarct size-11+/-4% and 18+/-2%) and in TNFalpha-/- mice (infarct size-15+/-4% and 23+/-3%) versus respective I/R controls.	Adenosine	50-59	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	175-183
12133582-3	2002	Using a rat model of unilateral common carotid artery occlusion coupled with hypoxia, and using in vitro rat hippocampal slices, we examined the ability of adenosine to directly activate Akt/PKB.	Adenosine	156-165	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	187-194
12133582-5	2002	We conclude from these studies that the activation of an adenosine A(1) receptor-mediated signal transduction pathway, either by endogenous adenosine (in vivo) or by an adenosine A(1) agonist (in vitro), results in the activation of the neurotrophic kinase Akt/PKB.	Adenosine	57-66	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	257-264
12112365-2	2002	Adenosine inhibited glutamate uptake through the glial glutamate transporter, GLT-1, via A(2a) adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Homo sapiens	78-83
12193085-4	2002	An experimental model was designed to determine the intrapericardial concentrations of adenosine, inosine and hypoxanthine during coronary spasm provoked by intracoronary administration of endothelin-1 (ET-1; 0.08+/-0.02 nmol/g of myocardial tissue).	Adenosine	87-96	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	189-201
12112365-3	2002	In addition, adenosine stimulated GLT-1-independent glutamate release from astrocytes, possibly in response to a rise in intracellular Ca(2+), via A(2a) adenosine receptors involving PKA activation.	Adenosine	13-22	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Homo sapiens	34-39
12154194-1	2002	Bradykinin is known to cause vasodilatation in resistance vessels and may, together with adenosine, be an important regulator of tissue blood flow during exercise.	Adenosine	89-98	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
12228764-1	2002	Adenosine is a potent modulator of immune function, and adenosine kinase (AK), a rate-limiting enzyme for adenosine uptake and metabolism, is a potential mediator of adenosine regulation.	Adenosine	56-65	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	74-76
12228764-1	2002	Adenosine is a potent modulator of immune function, and adenosine kinase (AK), a rate-limiting enzyme for adenosine uptake and metabolism, is a potential mediator of adenosine regulation.	Adenosine	106-115	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	56-72
12228764-1	2002	Adenosine is a potent modulator of immune function, and adenosine kinase (AK), a rate-limiting enzyme for adenosine uptake and metabolism, is a potential mediator of adenosine regulation.	Adenosine	106-115	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	74-76
12228764-8	2002	These data demonstrate that CsA and FK506 enhance adenosine concentrations in T-lymphocytes by way of a mechanism that involves AK inhibition.	Adenosine	50-59	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	128-130
11909816-5	2002	The nonselective adenosine agonist 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) increased expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in HMEC-1, but had no effect in HUVECs.	Adenosine	17-26	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	97-110
12531135-8	2002	In addition to the immediate effects, high extracellular adenosine concentrations also induce intracellular changes in signal transduction and transcription, e.g. increase in A(1) receptor expression and NF-kappaB binding activity.	Adenosine	57-66	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	204-213
12109910-0	2002	N(6)-alkyl-2-alkynyl derivatives of adenosine as potent and selective agonists at the human adenosine A(3) receptor and a starting point for searching A(2B) ligands.	Adenosine	36-45	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	92-115
12131928-0	2002	Stimulatory effects of adenosine on prolactin secretion in the pituitary gland of the rat.	Adenosine	23-32	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	36-45
12131928-6	2002	Furthermore, the addition of adenosine (10 nM) mimicked the effects of MECA on PRL secretion, an effect that persisted regardless of the presence of LiCl (5 mM).	Adenosine	29-38	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
12616990-1	2002	We have previously reported that prolonged exposure of porcine coronary arteries to adenosine agonists upregulates protein kinase C (PKC) through the activation of adenosine A1 receptor-coupled to pertussis toxin sensitive G-protein(s) [Am.	Adenosine	84-93	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	133-136
12616990-10	2002	Western blot studies indicated that PKC alpha, beta I, beta II, gamma, epsilon, and zeta isoforms were upregulated in a dose dependent manner by adenosine agonist (ENBA) and PKC delta and mu were not altered.	Adenosine	145-154	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	36-45
11919181-7	2002	The adenosine A1 receptor antagonist 1,3-dipopylcyclopentylxanthine prevented the phosphorylation of Akt observed in the presence of EtOH, adenosine, or the A1 agonist N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine.	Adenosine	4-13	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	101-104
12045454-1	2002	Targeting the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) by adenosine or a synthetic agonist to this receptor (IB-MECA and Cl-IB-MECA) results in a differential effect on tumor and on normal cells.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	37-41
12107720-9	2002	Insulin increased significantly adenosine stimulated flow by 23% in diabetic and 17% in non-diabetic subjects (NS between the groups).	Adenosine	32-41	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
11997462-3	2002	Physiologically, adenosine is efficiently metabolized to AMP by adenosine kinase (ADK), an enzyme highly expressed in liver.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	64-80
11997462-3	2002	Physiologically, adenosine is efficiently metabolized to AMP by adenosine kinase (ADK), an enzyme highly expressed in liver.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	82-85
11997462-4	2002	ADK not only ensures normal adenine nucleotide levels but also is essential for maintaining S-adenosylmethionine-dependent transmethylation processes, where adenosine, an obligatory product, has to be constantly removed.	Adenosine	157-166	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-3
12184210-0	2002	The putative roles of adenosine in insulin- and exercise-mediated regulation of glucose transport and glycogen metabolism in skeletal muscle.	Adenosine	22-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
12184210-4	2002	Local metabolic factors, such as adenosine, have been suggested to play a role in insulin and contraction regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscle.	Adenosine	33-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	82-89
12184210-5	2002	While adenosine has clearly been shown to potentiate insulin-stimulated glucose transport in adipocytes and heart muscle, its role in carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscle is less clear, with numerous diverging findings published to date.	Adenosine	6-15	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
12184210-6	2002	This review article summarizes findings on the putative roles of adenosine in insulin and exercise-mediated regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and the signalling pathways proposed to be central to these metabolic stimuli in skeletal muscle.	Adenosine	65-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	78-85
11916935-0	2002	Dose-dependent vasodilating effects of insulin on adenosine-stimulated myocardial blood flow.	Adenosine	50-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	39-46
11916935-2	2002	We have recently demonstrated that insulin potentiates adenosine-stimulated myocardial blood flow.	Adenosine	55-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
11973307-8	2002	Seven adenosines could be modified in the extracellular ligand-binding region of Dalpha6, four of which are also edited in the Dalpha6 ortholog in the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens.	Adenosine	6-16	nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor alpha6	Drosophila melanogaster	81-88
11973307-8	2002	Seven adenosines could be modified in the extracellular ligand-binding region of Dalpha6, four of which are also edited in the Dalpha6 ortholog in the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens.	Adenosine	6-16	nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor alpha6	Drosophila melanogaster	127-134
11960643-0	2002	Immunoregulation of IL-6 secretion by endogenous and exogenous adenosine and by exogenous purinergic agonists in splenic tissue slices.	Adenosine	63-72	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	20-24
11960643-6	2002	Thus, via A1 adenosine receptors, adenosine was found to be a strong inhibitor of splenic IL-6 secretion.	Adenosine	13-22	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	90-94
12126970-6	2002	The results indicate that adenosine exerts an adenosine A(1) receptor-mediated inhibition, in both portions, and facilitation mediated by adenosine A(2A) receptors in the epididymal and by A(2B) receptors in the prostatic portion.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine A1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	46-69
12111039-1	2002	Adenosine-induced slowing of atrioventricular nodal conduction is a rate-dependent process that is potentiated by the A(1)-adenosine receptor allosteric enhancer, PD 81,723.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine receptor A1	Cavia porcellus	118-141
12059984-5	2002	RESULTS: The ESR1 genotype persisted as the only significant predictor of adenosine stimulated coronary flow (P = 0.035) after adjustment for other coronary risk factors.	Adenosine	74-83	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	13-17
12007147-9	2002	Finally, both vasopressin and oxytocin can prevent or reverse adenosine-induced stellation.	Adenosine	62-71	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	14-25
11992407-7	2002	Interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma synthesis by AK-T cells was also inhibited by adenosine.	Adenosine	81-90	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	18-34
11858944-9	2002	Adenosine- or R-PIA-induced contraction of esophageal smooth muscle cells was not affected by the phospholipase D (PLD) inhibitor rho-chloromercuribenzoic acid (rhoCMB), phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) inhibitor DEDA or PKC antagonist chelerythrine, but was significantly abolished by phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, neomycin.	Adenosine	0-9	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	190-196
11909816-5	2002	The nonselective adenosine agonist 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) increased expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in HMEC-1, but had no effect in HUVECs.	Adenosine	17-26	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	112-116
11909816-5	2002	The nonselective adenosine agonist 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) increased expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in HMEC-1, but had no effect in HUVECs.	Adenosine	17-26	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	119-149
11909816-5	2002	The nonselective adenosine agonist 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) increased expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in HMEC-1, but had no effect in HUVECs.	Adenosine	17-26	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	162-196
11909816-5	2002	The nonselective adenosine agonist 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) increased expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in HMEC-1, but had no effect in HUVECs.	Adenosine	17-26	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	198-202
11911839-0	2002	p53-Independent induction of Fas and apoptosis in leukemic cells by an adenosine derivative, Cl-IB-MECA.	Adenosine	71-80	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	0-3
12180353-3	2002	In addition, there is inhibition of adenosine uptake, eventually resulting in changes in cAMP levels, dependent on the type of adenosine receptors (A1 or A2).	Adenosine	36-45	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	89-93
11911828-3	2002	Adenosine, acting through the A(3) adenosine receptor (A(3)AR) as well as other agonists of G(alphai)-coupled GPCRs, transiently increased PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) exclusively via PI3Kgamma.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	30-53
11911828-3	2002	Adenosine, acting through the A(3) adenosine receptor (A(3)AR) as well as other agonists of G(alphai)-coupled GPCRs, transiently increased PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) exclusively via PI3Kgamma.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	55-61
11850433-4	2002	Because rENT1-mediated transport is likely to regulate the local concentrations of adenosine in the sinoatrial node and other parts of the heart, it represents a potential pharmacological target that might be exploited to ameliorate ischemic damage during heart surgery.	Adenosine	83-92	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-13
11932067-2	2002	Inhibition of the ADO-metabolizing enzyme, adenosine kinase (AK) increases extracellular ADO concentrations at sites of tissue trauma and AK inhibitors may have therapeutic potential as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents.	Adenosine	18-21	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	43-59
11932067-2	2002	Inhibition of the ADO-metabolizing enzyme, adenosine kinase (AK) increases extracellular ADO concentrations at sites of tissue trauma and AK inhibitors may have therapeutic potential as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents.	Adenosine	18-21	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	61-63
11932067-2	2002	Inhibition of the ADO-metabolizing enzyme, adenosine kinase (AK) increases extracellular ADO concentrations at sites of tissue trauma and AK inhibitors may have therapeutic potential as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents.	Adenosine	18-21	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	138-140
11891238-10	2002	The lack of Ado salvage in the ADK-deficient lines leads to an increase in the SAH level and results in the inhibition of SAM-dependent transmethylation.	Adenosine	12-15	adenosine kinase	Arabidopsis thaliana	31-34
11825574-9	2002	Adenosine produced pronounced vasodilatation in vessels precontracted with 10(-8)M endothelin-1.	Adenosine	0-9	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	83-95
11834136-0	2002	Adenosine inhibits thrombin-induced expression of tissue factor on endothelial cells by a nitric oxide-mediated mechanism.	Adenosine	0-9	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	19-27
11834136-5	2002	The concentrations of nitrites, cGMP and cAMP in the culture medium of HUVECs treated with a mixture of thrombin and adenosine were significantly higher compared with the culture medium of HUVECs treated with thrombin alone.	Adenosine	117-126	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	209-217
11834136-8	2002	Overall, these results suggest that adenosine inhibits thrombin-induced TF expression in endothelial cells by a NO-mediated mechanism, and that increased intracellular formation of cAMP is implicated in this inhibitory activity of NO.	Adenosine	36-45	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	55-63
11796663-7	2002	Results obtained in the presence of nitric oxide synthase inhibition suggest a potential interaction of 4-AP-sensitive channels and nitric oxide at low adenosine concentrations.	Adenosine	152-161	nitric oxide synthase 2	Sus scrofa	36-57
11834257-3	2002	ATP and adenosine relaxed the vas deferens precontracted with 80 mM K(+); EC(50) values and maximal relaxations averaged, respectively, 760 microM and 56% for ATP and 74 microM and 30% for adenosine.	Adenosine	8-17	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
11741811-1	2002	We investigated adenosine (Ado) activation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in vitro and in vivo.	Adenosine	16-25	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	50-101
11818459-8	2002	In conclusion, A2a receptor occupancy by extracellular adenosine inhibits fMLP-induced neutrophil activation via cAMP and PKA-regulated events.	Adenosine	55-64	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	74-78
11741811-1	2002	We investigated adenosine (Ado) activation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in vitro and in vivo.	Adenosine	16-25	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	103-107
11741811-1	2002	We investigated adenosine (Ado) activation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in vitro and in vivo.	Adenosine	27-30	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	50-101
11741811-1	2002	We investigated adenosine (Ado) activation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in vitro and in vivo.	Adenosine	27-30	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	103-107
11886528-4	2001	We hypothesize that adenosine serves as a mediator of vascular endothelial growth factor production.	Adenosine	20-29	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	54-88
11754583-1	2002	It was demonstrated in the early 1990s that adenosine exerts many physiological functions through the interaction with four different receptors, named A1, A2A, A2B, and A3.	Adenosine	44-53	BCL2 related protein A1	Homo sapiens	151-153
11864710-1	2002	Adenosine is an endogenous antiaggregating substance that influences the platelet responses through specific A-type receptors that activate adenylate cyclase increasing the levels of 3",5"-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).	Adenosine	0-9	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	221-225
11864710-5	2002	Adenosine decreased the response to ADP in a concentration-dependent way (analysis of variance, ANOVA: P<.0001): cAMP levels increased from 30.0 +/- 2.0 (control) to 46.0 +/- 3.0 pmol/10(9) platelets (in the presence of 15 mumol/l adenosine) and cGMP levels increased from 5.6 +/- 1.0 (control) to 10.9 +/- 2.0 pmol/10(9) platelets (in the presence of 15 mumol/l adenosine).	Adenosine	0-9	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	116-120
11864710-5	2002	Adenosine decreased the response to ADP in a concentration-dependent way (analysis of variance, ANOVA: P<.0001): cAMP levels increased from 30.0 +/- 2.0 (control) to 46.0 +/- 3.0 pmol/10(9) platelets (in the presence of 15 mumol/l adenosine) and cGMP levels increased from 5.6 +/- 1.0 (control) to 10.9 +/- 2.0 pmol/10(9) platelets (in the presence of 15 mumol/l adenosine).	Adenosine	234-243	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	116-120
11864710-5	2002	Adenosine decreased the response to ADP in a concentration-dependent way (analysis of variance, ANOVA: P<.0001): cAMP levels increased from 30.0 +/- 2.0 (control) to 46.0 +/- 3.0 pmol/10(9) platelets (in the presence of 15 mumol/l adenosine) and cGMP levels increased from 5.6 +/- 1.0 (control) to 10.9 +/- 2.0 pmol/10(9) platelets (in the presence of 15 mumol/l adenosine).	Adenosine	366-375	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	116-120
11864710-10	2002	In conclusion, adenosine, which enhances intraplatelet cAMP levels, was determined to also cause an increase in cGMP concentrations through a mechanism that involves NO synthesis.	Adenosine	15-24	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	55-59
11720989-5	2001	The data suggested that the channel complex was phosphorylated after addition of ATP and that phosphorylation reduced the RyR"s sensitivity to ATP, adenosine, and Ca(2+).	Adenosine	148-157	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	122-125
11717194-0	2001	Adenosine regulates the IL-1 beta-induced cellular functions of human gingival fibroblasts.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	24-33
11717194-3	2001	Ligation of adenosine receptors by adenosine or its related analogue, 2-chloroadenosine (2-CADO), N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) or CGS21680 synergistically increased IL-1beta-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production.	Adenosine	12-21	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	168-176
11717194-3	2001	Ligation of adenosine receptors by adenosine or its related analogue, 2-chloroadenosine (2-CADO), N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) or CGS21680 synergistically increased IL-1beta-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production.	Adenosine	12-21	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	194-198
11717194-4	2001	In terms of ECM expression, adenosine and the adenosine receptor agonists, 2-CADO and CPA, enhanced constitutive and IL-1beta-induced expression of hyaluronate synthase mRNA, but not the mRNA levels of other ECM, such as collagen type I, III and fibronectin.	Adenosine	28-37	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	117-125
11896460-4	2002	The SNPs investigated here are guanine (G) to adenosine (A) substitutions in the TNFalpha and lymphotoxin alpha (LTalpha) genes.	Adenosine	46-55	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	81-89
11886528-8	2001	Significant inhibition in increase in intracellular calcium level by minoxidil or adenosine was observed as the result of pretreatment with 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, an antagonist for adenosine A1 receptor, but not by 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargyl-xanthine, an antagonist for adenosine A2 receptor, whereas vascular endothelial growth factor production was blocked by both adenosine A1 and A2 receptor antagonists.	Adenosine	82-91	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	312-346
11592940-7	2001	A model is presented for adenosine in hypoxic regulation of Epo production that involves kinases A and C and phospholipase A(2) pathways.	Adenosine	25-34	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	60-63
11668050-0	2001	eNOS 894T allele and coronary blood flow at rest and during adenosine-induced hyperemia.	Adenosine	60-69	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
11682452-2	2001	Adenosine kinase (AK) inhibitors can enhance adenosine levels and potentiate adenosine receptor activation.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-16
11682452-2	2001	Adenosine kinase (AK) inhibitors can enhance adenosine levels and potentiate adenosine receptor activation.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	18-20
11682452-5	2001	Three nucleoside transporter subtypes that mediate adenosine permeation of rat cells have been characterized and cloned: equilibrative transporters rENT1 and rENT2 and concentrative transporter rCNT2.	Adenosine	51-60	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	148-153
11584363-0	2001	Adenosine reverses a preestablished CCl4-induced micronodular cirrhosis through enhancing collagenolytic activity and stimulating hepatocyte cell proliferation in rats.	Adenosine	0-9	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
11717194-4	2001	In terms of ECM expression, adenosine and the adenosine receptor agonists, 2-CADO and CPA, enhanced constitutive and IL-1beta-induced expression of hyaluronate synthase mRNA, but not the mRNA levels of other ECM, such as collagen type I, III and fibronectin.	Adenosine	28-37	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	246-257
11717194-5	2001	Moreover, the adherence of IL-1beta-stimulated HGF to activated lymphocytes was also inhibited by adenosine, which is in part explained by the fact that adenosine down-regulated the IL-1beta-induced expression of ICAM-1 on HGF.	Adenosine	98-107	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	27-35
11717194-5	2001	Moreover, the adherence of IL-1beta-stimulated HGF to activated lymphocytes was also inhibited by adenosine, which is in part explained by the fact that adenosine down-regulated the IL-1beta-induced expression of ICAM-1 on HGF.	Adenosine	98-107	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	182-190
11717194-5	2001	Moreover, the adherence of IL-1beta-stimulated HGF to activated lymphocytes was also inhibited by adenosine, which is in part explained by the fact that adenosine down-regulated the IL-1beta-induced expression of ICAM-1 on HGF.	Adenosine	153-162	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	27-35
11717194-5	2001	Moreover, the adherence of IL-1beta-stimulated HGF to activated lymphocytes was also inhibited by adenosine, which is in part explained by the fact that adenosine down-regulated the IL-1beta-induced expression of ICAM-1 on HGF.	Adenosine	153-162	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	182-190
11564822-5	2001	More importantly, the suppressive effect of adenosine and CGS-21680 on IL-12 production was significantly enhanced in cells pretreated with either IL-1 (10 U/ml) or TNF-alpha (100 U/ml) but markedly attenuated in cells pretreated with IFN-gamma (100 U/ml).	Adenosine	44-53	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	165-174
11564822-5	2001	More importantly, the suppressive effect of adenosine and CGS-21680 on IL-12 production was significantly enhanced in cells pretreated with either IL-1 (10 U/ml) or TNF-alpha (100 U/ml) but markedly attenuated in cells pretreated with IFN-gamma (100 U/ml).	Adenosine	44-53	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	235-244
11564822-6	2001	Similarly, IL-1 and TNF-alpha treatment potentiated the stimulatory effect of adenosine and CGS-21680 on IL-10 production, whereas IFN-gamma treatment almost completely abolished this effect.	Adenosine	78-87	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	20-29
11502355-2	2001	Facilitation of [(3)H]-ACh release by VIP (100 nM) only becomes apparent when high frequency (50 Hz) or long lasting pulses (1 ms) were delivered to the phrenic nerve; VIP excitation was prevented by removal of endogenous adenosine tonus, with adenosine deaminase (2.5 units/ml) or with the A(2A)-receptor antagonist, 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargyl xanthine, (10 microM).	Adenosine	222-231	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
11570579-5	2001	In contrast, the translocation of Bax to mitochondria and the release of cytochrome c began within the first hour of adenosine treatment.	Adenosine	117-126	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	34-37
11570579-5	2001	In contrast, the translocation of Bax to mitochondria and the release of cytochrome c began within the first hour of adenosine treatment.	Adenosine	117-126	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	73-85
11570579-6	2001	CONCLUSION: Thus, it is believed that adenosine-induced apoptosis is mediated by the activation of the caspase cascade by cytochrome c release with concomitant increase of Bax in the mitochondria, which implies that the translocation of Bax might be a leading event in the adenosine-induced apoptosis.	Adenosine	38-47	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	122-134
11570579-6	2001	CONCLUSION: Thus, it is believed that adenosine-induced apoptosis is mediated by the activation of the caspase cascade by cytochrome c release with concomitant increase of Bax in the mitochondria, which implies that the translocation of Bax might be a leading event in the adenosine-induced apoptosis.	Adenosine	38-47	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	172-175
11570579-6	2001	CONCLUSION: Thus, it is believed that adenosine-induced apoptosis is mediated by the activation of the caspase cascade by cytochrome c release with concomitant increase of Bax in the mitochondria, which implies that the translocation of Bax might be a leading event in the adenosine-induced apoptosis.	Adenosine	38-47	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	237-240
11570579-6	2001	CONCLUSION: Thus, it is believed that adenosine-induced apoptosis is mediated by the activation of the caspase cascade by cytochrome c release with concomitant increase of Bax in the mitochondria, which implies that the translocation of Bax might be a leading event in the adenosine-induced apoptosis.	Adenosine	273-282	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	172-175
11570579-7	2001	Moreover, we found that most of the apoptotic parameters in adenosine-induced cellular changes, such as translocation of Bax, the release of cytochrome c, and the consequent activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, were attenuated by thymidine supplement, thus indicating that the sensing of a nucleoside or nucleotide balance might be an upstream event of cytochrome c release.	Adenosine	60-69	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	121-124
11570579-7	2001	Moreover, we found that most of the apoptotic parameters in adenosine-induced cellular changes, such as translocation of Bax, the release of cytochrome c, and the consequent activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, were attenuated by thymidine supplement, thus indicating that the sensing of a nucleoside or nucleotide balance might be an upstream event of cytochrome c release.	Adenosine	60-69	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	141-153
11570579-7	2001	Moreover, we found that most of the apoptotic parameters in adenosine-induced cellular changes, such as translocation of Bax, the release of cytochrome c, and the consequent activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, were attenuated by thymidine supplement, thus indicating that the sensing of a nucleoside or nucleotide balance might be an upstream event of cytochrome c release.	Adenosine	60-69	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	202-211
11570579-7	2001	Moreover, we found that most of the apoptotic parameters in adenosine-induced cellular changes, such as translocation of Bax, the release of cytochrome c, and the consequent activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, were attenuated by thymidine supplement, thus indicating that the sensing of a nucleoside or nucleotide balance might be an upstream event of cytochrome c release.	Adenosine	60-69	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	355-367
11521169-8	2001	Then it is proposed that adenosine modulates the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release by a direct effect on the RyR1 receptors and/or by an indirect effect mediated by A1 receptors located at the sarcoplasmic level.	Adenosine	25-34	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	111-115
11502355-2	2001	Facilitation of [(3)H]-ACh release by VIP (100 nM) only becomes apparent when high frequency (50 Hz) or long lasting pulses (1 ms) were delivered to the phrenic nerve; VIP excitation was prevented by removal of endogenous adenosine tonus, with adenosine deaminase (2.5 units/ml) or with the A(2A)-receptor antagonist, 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargyl xanthine, (10 microM).	Adenosine	222-231	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	168-171
11502355-4	2001	The results suggest that tonic A(2A)-receptors activation by endogenous adenosine is required to trigger the facilitatory action of VIP on evoked [(3)H]-ACh release from motor nerve endings.	Adenosine	72-81	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	132-135
11488425-4	2001	It is becoming increasing clear that adenosine contributes significantly to cytoprotection, a function mediated principally by the A1AR and A3AR.	Adenosine	37-46	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	140-144
11502273-3	2001	Since inhibition of adenosine kinase promotes an increase in endogenous adenosine release, we tested a hypothesis that FK506 induces adenosine release via inhibition of adenosine kinase activity.	Adenosine	72-81	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	20-36
11502273-9	2001	In conclusion, FK506 promotes adenosine release from endothelial cells by a novel mechanism involving inhibition of adenosine kinase activity associated with the membrane.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	116-132
11433005-0	2001	Modulation of adenosine transport by insulin in human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells from normal or gestational diabetic pregnancies.	Adenosine	14-23	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
11433005-2	2001	Adenosine transport was measured in human cultured umbilical artery smooth muscle cells, isolated from non-diabetic or gestational diabetic pregnancies, under basal conditions and after pretreatment in vitro with insulin.	Adenosine	0-9	insulin	Homo sapiens	213-220
11433005-4	2001	Adenosine transport in non-diabetic smooth muscle cells was significantly increased by insulin (half-maximal stimulation at 0.33 +/- 0.02 nM, 8 h) and characterized by a higher maximal rate (V(max)) for nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR)-sensitive (es) saturable nucleoside transport (17 +/- 5 vs. 52 +/- 12 pmol (microg protein)(-1) min(-1), control vs. insulin, respectively) and maximal binding sites (B(max)) for [(3)H]NBMPR (0.66 +/- 0.07 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.1 fmol (microg protein)(-1), control vs. insulin, respectively), with no significant changes in Michaelis-Menten (K(m)) and dissociation (K(d)) constants.	Adenosine	0-9	insulin	Homo sapiens	87-94
11433005-4	2001	Adenosine transport in non-diabetic smooth muscle cells was significantly increased by insulin (half-maximal stimulation at 0.33 +/- 0.02 nM, 8 h) and characterized by a higher maximal rate (V(max)) for nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR)-sensitive (es) saturable nucleoside transport (17 +/- 5 vs. 52 +/- 12 pmol (microg protein)(-1) min(-1), control vs. insulin, respectively) and maximal binding sites (B(max)) for [(3)H]NBMPR (0.66 +/- 0.07 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.1 fmol (microg protein)(-1), control vs. insulin, respectively), with no significant changes in Michaelis-Menten (K(m)) and dissociation (K(d)) constants.	Adenosine	0-9	insulin	Homo sapiens	351-358
11433005-4	2001	Adenosine transport in non-diabetic smooth muscle cells was significantly increased by insulin (half-maximal stimulation at 0.33 +/- 0.02 nM, 8 h) and characterized by a higher maximal rate (V(max)) for nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR)-sensitive (es) saturable nucleoside transport (17 +/- 5 vs. 52 +/- 12 pmol (microg protein)(-1) min(-1), control vs. insulin, respectively) and maximal binding sites (B(max)) for [(3)H]NBMPR (0.66 +/- 0.07 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.1 fmol (microg protein)(-1), control vs. insulin, respectively), with no significant changes in Michaelis-Menten (K(m)) and dissociation (K(d)) constants.	Adenosine	0-9	insulin	Homo sapiens	351-358
11433005-10	2001	Wortmannin or SQ-22536, but not L-NAME or cycloheximide, attenuated the inhibitory action of insulin on the diabetes-induced stimulation of adenosine transport.	Adenosine	140-149	insulin	Homo sapiens	93-100
11433005-14	2001	Our results suggest that adenosine transport via the es nucleoside transporter is modulated differentially by insulin in either cell type.	Adenosine	25-34	insulin	Homo sapiens	110-117
11433005-15	2001	Insulin increased adenosine transport in non-diabetic cells via NO and cGMP, but inhibited the diabetes-elevated adenosine transport via activation of adenylyl cyclase, suggesting that the biological actions of adenosine may be altered under conditions of sustained hyperglycaemia in uncontrolled diabetes.	Adenosine	18-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
11433005-15	2001	Insulin increased adenosine transport in non-diabetic cells via NO and cGMP, but inhibited the diabetes-elevated adenosine transport via activation of adenylyl cyclase, suggesting that the biological actions of adenosine may be altered under conditions of sustained hyperglycaemia in uncontrolled diabetes.	Adenosine	113-122	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
11433005-15	2001	Insulin increased adenosine transport in non-diabetic cells via NO and cGMP, but inhibited the diabetes-elevated adenosine transport via activation of adenylyl cyclase, suggesting that the biological actions of adenosine may be altered under conditions of sustained hyperglycaemia in uncontrolled diabetes.	Adenosine	113-122	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
11518026-9	2001	Inhibition of NF-kappaB activity by the adenosine A2B receptor may contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects of adenosine.	Adenosine	40-49	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	14-23
11405646-0	2001	Adenosine analogues as selective inhibitors of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of Trypanosomatidae via structure-based drug design.	Adenosine	0-9	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	47-87
11423084-1	2001	Extracellular levels of adenosine (ADO) can be raised through inhibition of adenosine kinase (AK), a primary metabolic enzyme for ADO.	Adenosine	24-33	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	76-92
11423084-1	2001	Extracellular levels of adenosine (ADO) can be raised through inhibition of adenosine kinase (AK), a primary metabolic enzyme for ADO.	Adenosine	24-33	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	94-96
11423084-1	2001	Extracellular levels of adenosine (ADO) can be raised through inhibition of adenosine kinase (AK), a primary metabolic enzyme for ADO.	Adenosine	35-38	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	76-92
11423084-1	2001	Extracellular levels of adenosine (ADO) can be raised through inhibition of adenosine kinase (AK), a primary metabolic enzyme for ADO.	Adenosine	35-38	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	94-96
11423084-1	2001	Extracellular levels of adenosine (ADO) can be raised through inhibition of adenosine kinase (AK), a primary metabolic enzyme for ADO.	Adenosine	130-133	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	76-92
11423084-1	2001	Extracellular levels of adenosine (ADO) can be raised through inhibition of adenosine kinase (AK), a primary metabolic enzyme for ADO.	Adenosine	130-133	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	94-96
11430931-2	2001	ATP, 2-methylthio ATP and adenosine relaxed the vas deferens precontracted with 80 mM K(+).	Adenosine	26-35	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
11405646-1	2001	In our continuation of the structure-based design of anti-trypanosomatid drugs, parasite-selective adenosine analogues were identified as low micromolar inhibitors of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH).	Adenosine	99-108	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	167-207
11405646-1	2001	In our continuation of the structure-based design of anti-trypanosomatid drugs, parasite-selective adenosine analogues were identified as low micromolar inhibitors of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH).	Adenosine	99-108	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	209-214
11405646-2	2001	Crystal structures of Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania mexicana, and human GAPDH"s provided details of how the adenosyl moiety of NAD(+) interacts with the proteins, and this facilitated the understanding of the relative affinities of a series of adenosine analogues for the various GAPDH"s.	Adenosine	264-273	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	92-97
11405646-8	2001	We also explored adenosine analogues containing 5"-amido substituents and found that 2",5"-dideoxy-2"-(3,5-dimethoxybenzamido)-5"-(diphenylacetamido)adenosine (49) displays an IC(50) of 60-100 microM against the three parasite GAPDH"s.	Adenosine	17-26	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	227-232
11405650-1	2001	Inhibition of adenosine kinase (AK), the primary metabolic enzyme for ADO, selectively increases ADO concentrations at sites of tissue trauma and enhances the analgesic and antiinflammatory actions of ADO.	Adenosine	70-73	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	14-30
11405650-1	2001	Inhibition of adenosine kinase (AK), the primary metabolic enzyme for ADO, selectively increases ADO concentrations at sites of tissue trauma and enhances the analgesic and antiinflammatory actions of ADO.	Adenosine	70-73	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	32-34
11405650-1	2001	Inhibition of adenosine kinase (AK), the primary metabolic enzyme for ADO, selectively increases ADO concentrations at sites of tissue trauma and enhances the analgesic and antiinflammatory actions of ADO.	Adenosine	97-100	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	14-30
11405650-1	2001	Inhibition of adenosine kinase (AK), the primary metabolic enzyme for ADO, selectively increases ADO concentrations at sites of tissue trauma and enhances the analgesic and antiinflammatory actions of ADO.	Adenosine	97-100	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	32-34
11356637-8	2001	The effects of adenosine on twitch shortenings and aftercontractions were mimicked by the A1-adenosine receptor agonist CPA (N6-cyclopentyladenosine) and by ryanodine.	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine receptor A1	Cavia porcellus	90-111
11404425-0	2001	Galpha(olf) levels are regulated by receptor usage and control dopamine and adenosine action in the striatum.	Adenosine	76-85	guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating, olfactory type	Mus musculus	0-11
11404425-11	2001	Together, these results identify Galpha(olf) as a critical and regulated component of both dopamine and adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	104-113	guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating, olfactory type	Mus musculus	33-44
11386622-11	2001	These acute changes were not exacerbated by G-CSF, but were reversed by combined AICAR + G-CSF, which implicates a physiologic role for adenosine.	Adenosine	136-145	colony stimulating factor 3	Sus scrofa	89-94
11453972-4	2001	Illegitimate recombination resulting in deletion at a substantial proportion of the shared MECP2 sites is enhanced by repeated guanosine (G) DNA sequences in the antisense direction, consistent with reports at other gene loci that polypurine (multiple guanosine or adenosine (A)) basepairs enhance sequence deletion.	Adenosine	265-274	methyl-CpG binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	91-96
11550051-3	2001	Inhibitory analysis showed that A(1)adenosine receptors mediate the neuroprotective effect of CPA, are involved in the effects of NECA and adenosine (but not CGS 21680), and participate in natural resistance to cerebral ischemia.	Adenosine	36-45	carboxypeptidase A1	Homo sapiens	94-97
11328384-1	2001	Although adenosine/uridine (AU)-rich sequences in the 3"-untranslated region (UTR) of the interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene have been suggested to contribute to its post-transcriptional regulation, the molecular basis whereby this occurs still needs to be understood.	Adenosine	9-18	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	90-103
11328384-1	2001	Although adenosine/uridine (AU)-rich sequences in the 3"-untranslated region (UTR) of the interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene have been suggested to contribute to its post-transcriptional regulation, the molecular basis whereby this occurs still needs to be understood.	Adenosine	9-18	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	105-109
11303729-12	2001	Adenosine attenuates human PMN VEGF release and transendothelial migration via the A2B receptor.	Adenosine	0-9	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	31-35
11311901-6	2001	The apparent reciprocal distribution of hENT1 and hENT2 in human brain suggests that these nucleoside transporter proteins are produced in distinct regions of the CNS where they function in nucleoside salvage and/or regulation of exogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	240-249	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	50-55
11303729-0	2001	Adenosine inhibits neutrophil vascular endothelial growth factor release and transendothelial migration via A2B receptor activation.	Adenosine	0-9	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	30-64
11303729-2	2001	This study investigated whether adenosine modulates activated PMN vascular endothelial growth factor (vascular permeability factor; VEGF) release and transendothelial migration.	Adenosine	32-41	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	66-100
11303729-7	2001	Adenosine and some of its receptor-specific analogues dose-dependently inhibited activated PMN VEGF release.	Adenosine	0-9	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	95-99
11238742-2	2001	Using mutant mice deficient in the olfactory isoform of the stimulatory GTP-binding protein alpha subunit, Galpha(olf), we demonstrate here the obligatory role of this protein in the adenylyl cyclase responses to dopamine and adenosine in the caudate putamen.	Adenosine	226-235	guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating, olfactory type	Mus musculus	35-38
11238742-5	2001	Together, these results identify Galpha(olf) as a critical parameter in the responses to dopamine and adenosine in the basal ganglia.	Adenosine	102-111	guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating, olfactory type	Mus musculus	33-44
11241093-10	2001	Myeloperoxidase activity in the necrotic tissue, an index of neutrophil accumulation, tended to be lower in the adenosine group than in the vehicle group (58.6 +/- 14.2 vs. 91.0 +/- 21.6 DeltaAbs Units x min(-1) x g(-1) tissue).	Adenosine	112-121	myeloperoxidase	Canis lupus familiaris	0-15
11350278-5	2001	Bolus injections of adenosine (2.5 mg) at rest rapidly increased (P < 0.05) FaBF from 0.3 +/- 0.03 L min(-1) to a 15-fold peak elevation (P < 0.05) at 4.1 +/- 0.5 L min(-1).	Adenosine	20-29	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	104-110
11350278-5	2001	Bolus injections of adenosine (2.5 mg) at rest rapidly increased (P < 0.05) FaBF from 0.3 +/- 0.03 L min(-1) to a 15-fold peak elevation (P < 0.05) at 4.1 +/- 0.5 L min(-1).	Adenosine	20-29	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	171-177
11350278-6	2001	Continuous infusion of adenosine at rest and during one-legged exercise at approximately 62% of peak power output increased (P < 0.05) FaBF dose-dependently to level off (P = ns) at 8.3 +/- 1.0 and 8.2 +/- 1.4 L min(-1), respectively.	Adenosine	23-32	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	215-221
11811845-8	2001	Endothelin-1 on GLIB-treated coronaries further diminished RH and increased nucleoside release (EF: 21.5+/-8.0 ml, P<0.05 vs. GLIB; adenosine: 75.3+/-28.1 nmol, NS; inosine: 801.9+/-196.6 nmol, P<0.05 vs. GLIB).	Adenosine	135-144	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	0-12
11322507-8	2001	In our search for endogenous ligands for the orphan receptors GHS-R and GPR38, we showed that adenosine is a partial agonist of the GHS-R and that motilin is the endogenous ligand for GPR38.	Adenosine	94-103	motilin receptor	Homo sapiens	72-77
11161043-6	2001	We examined two enzymes involved in SAH metabolism: SAH hydrolase (SAHH) catabolizes SAH to adenosine plus homo-Cys and adenosine kinase (ADK) converts adenosine to adenosine monophosphate.	Adenosine	120-129	adenosine kinase	Arabidopsis thaliana	138-141
11161043-10	2001	Because SAHH activity is inhibited by its products, we propose that ADK is not a stress-responsive enzyme per se, but plays a pivotal role in sustaining transmethylation reactions in general by serving as a coarse metabolic control to reduce the cellular concentration of free adenosine.	Adenosine	277-286	adenosine kinase	Arabidopsis thaliana	68-71
11830758-2	2001	Adenosine kinase (AK; EC 2.7.1.20) is the primary metabolic enzyme regulating intra- and extracellular concentrations of ADO.	Adenosine	121-124	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
11149897-6	2001	We have identified some purines (hypoxanthine, inosine, and adenosine) as potential endogenous PARP inhibitors.	Adenosine	60-69	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	95-99
11149897-7	2001	We have found that purines (hypoxanthine > inosine > adenosine) dose-dependently inhibited PARP activation in peroxynitrite-treated macrophages and also inhibited the activity of the purified PARP enzyme.	Adenosine	59-68	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	97-101
11149897-7	2001	We have found that purines (hypoxanthine > inosine > adenosine) dose-dependently inhibited PARP activation in peroxynitrite-treated macrophages and also inhibited the activity of the purified PARP enzyme.	Adenosine	59-68	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	198-202
11147810-9	2001	It was further noted that the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) plays a key role in the inhibitory and stimulatory growth activities of adenosine.	Adenosine	33-42	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	53-57
11147810-10	2001	Modulation of the A3AR was found to affect cell growth either positively or negatively depending on the concentration of the agonist, similar to the effect described for adenosine.	Adenosine	170-179	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	18-22
11125027-7	2001	The data suggest that adenosine and inosine activate Gi-coupled A3 ARs to protect mast cells from apoptosis by a pathway involving the betagamma subunits of Gi, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase beta, and Akt.	Adenosine	22-31	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	135-204
11106879-3	2001	Since stimulation of adenosine A(2b) receptors on astrocytes induces increased synthesis and release of interleukin-6, which also exerts neuroprotective effects, we hypothesized that the effects of interleukin-6 and of adenosine might be related.	Adenosine	21-30	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	104-117
11106879-3	2001	Since stimulation of adenosine A(2b) receptors on astrocytes induces increased synthesis and release of interleukin-6, which also exerts neuroprotective effects, we hypothesized that the effects of interleukin-6 and of adenosine might be related.	Adenosine	21-30	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	198-211
11106879-6	2001	Since upregulation of adenosine A(1) receptors leads to increased neuroprotective effects of adenosine, we suggest that the neuroprotective actions of interleukin-6 and adenosine are related and might be mediated at least in part through upregulation of adenosine A(1) receptors.	Adenosine	22-31	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	151-164
11106879-6	2001	Since upregulation of adenosine A(1) receptors leads to increased neuroprotective effects of adenosine, we suggest that the neuroprotective actions of interleukin-6 and adenosine are related and might be mediated at least in part through upregulation of adenosine A(1) receptors.	Adenosine	93-102	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	151-164
11118505-12	2000	Our findings provide evidence that D-glucose inhibits adenosine transport in human fetal endothelial cells by a mechanism that involves activation of PKC, leading to increased NO levels and p42-p44mapk phosphorylation.	Adenosine	54-63	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	194-201
11248116-4	2001	Activation of TrkA receptors in PC12 cells and TrkB in hippocampal neurons was observed after treatment with adenosine, a neuromodulator that acts through G protein-coupled receptors.	Adenosine	109-118	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	47-51
11173996-7	2001	The adenosine production was blocked by the 5"-nucleotidase inhibitor, alpha,beta-methylene adenosine 5"-diphosphate (MADP, 1 mmol/l), which was accompanied by a corresponding accumulation of 5"-AMP.	Adenosine	4-13	5'-nucleotidase	Bos taurus	44-59
11173996-12	2001	We concluded that ADPR produces vasodilation in small coronary arteries and that the action of ADPR is associated with the adenosine production via an apyrase- and 5"-nucleotidase-mediated metabolism.	Adenosine	123-132	5'-nucleotidase	Bos taurus	164-179
11087209-2	2000	Therefore, we hypothesized that adenosine-induced or ischemic preconditioning reduces the vasoconstrictive effect of ET-1.	Adenosine	32-41	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	117-121
11087209-11	2000	The ET-1 dose-response curve (1 pM-5 nM) was rightward shifted after preconditioning with adenosine (1 microM) for 20 min and 10 min of washout (n = 11).	Adenosine	90-99	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	4-8
11086074-4	2000	Treatments that inhibit macrophage proliferation by blocking the cell cycle at the G(1) phase, such as adenosine, forskolin, or LPS, blocked the IFN-gamma induction of IA.	Adenosine	103-112	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	145-154
11082454-3	2000	Adenosine kinase (AK; EC 2.7.1.20) is a key intracellular enzyme regulating intra-and extracellular concentrations of adenosine (ADO), an endogenous neuromodulator, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory autocoid.	Adenosine	118-127	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-16
11082454-3	2000	Adenosine kinase (AK; EC 2.7.1.20) is a key intracellular enzyme regulating intra-and extracellular concentrations of adenosine (ADO), an endogenous neuromodulator, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory autocoid.	Adenosine	118-127	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	18-20
11082454-3	2000	Adenosine kinase (AK; EC 2.7.1.20) is a key intracellular enzyme regulating intra-and extracellular concentrations of adenosine (ADO), an endogenous neuromodulator, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory autocoid.	Adenosine	129-132	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-16
11082454-3	2000	Adenosine kinase (AK; EC 2.7.1.20) is a key intracellular enzyme regulating intra-and extracellular concentrations of adenosine (ADO), an endogenous neuromodulator, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory autocoid.	Adenosine	129-132	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	18-20
11115893-2	2000	To assess the functional significance of adenosine salvage in plants, the cDNAs and genes encoding two isoforms of adenosine kinase (ADK) were isolated from Arabidopsis.	Adenosine	41-50	adenosine kinase	Arabidopsis thaliana	115-131
11115893-2	2000	To assess the functional significance of adenosine salvage in plants, the cDNAs and genes encoding two isoforms of adenosine kinase (ADK) were isolated from Arabidopsis.	Adenosine	41-50	adenosine kinase	Arabidopsis thaliana	133-136
11115893-6	2000	The K(m) and V(max)/K(m) for the cytokinin riboside N(6)(isopentenyl) adenosine are 3 to 5 microM and 0.021 to 0.14 L min(-1) mg(-1) protein, respectively, suggesting that adenosine is the preferred substrate for both ADK isoforms.	Adenosine	70-79	adenosine kinase	Arabidopsis thaliana	218-221
11099417-3	2000	We identified seven different mutations in two adjacent, oppositely oriented genes that encode new members of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family (six mutations in ABCG8 and one in ABCG5) in nine patients with sitosterolemia.	Adenosine	114-123	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 5	Homo sapiens	220-225
11090541-3	2000	Chemical signals released by a sublethal ischemic stress (such as NO, reactive oxygen species, and adenosine) trigger a complex cascade of signaling events that includes the activation of protein kinase C, Src protein tyrosine kinases, and nuclear factor kappaB and culminates in increased synthesis of inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, aldose reductase, Mn superoxide dismutase, and probably other cardioprotective proteins.	Adenosine	99-108	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	206-209
11090541-3	2000	Chemical signals released by a sublethal ischemic stress (such as NO, reactive oxygen species, and adenosine) trigger a complex cascade of signaling events that includes the activation of protein kinase C, Src protein tyrosine kinases, and nuclear factor kappaB and culminates in increased synthesis of inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, aldose reductase, Mn superoxide dismutase, and probably other cardioprotective proteins.	Adenosine	99-108	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	303-324
11090541-3	2000	Chemical signals released by a sublethal ischemic stress (such as NO, reactive oxygen species, and adenosine) trigger a complex cascade of signaling events that includes the activation of protein kinase C, Src protein tyrosine kinases, and nuclear factor kappaB and culminates in increased synthesis of inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, aldose reductase, Mn superoxide dismutase, and probably other cardioprotective proteins.	Adenosine	99-108	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	326-342
11090541-3	2000	Chemical signals released by a sublethal ischemic stress (such as NO, reactive oxygen species, and adenosine) trigger a complex cascade of signaling events that includes the activation of protein kinase C, Src protein tyrosine kinases, and nuclear factor kappaB and culminates in increased synthesis of inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, aldose reductase, Mn superoxide dismutase, and probably other cardioprotective proteins.	Adenosine	99-108	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B	Homo sapiens	344-360
11045944-1	2000	We tested whether increased endogenous adenosine produced by the adenosine kinase inhibitor GP-515 (Metabasis Therapeutics) can induce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in cultured rat myocardial myoblasts (RMMs).	Adenosine	39-48	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	65-81
11045944-9	2000	These results indicate that raising endogenous levels of Ado through inhibition of adenosine kinase can increase the expression of VEGF and stimulate endothelial cell proliferation during normoxic and hypoxic conditions.	Adenosine	57-60	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	83-99
11045944-9	2000	These results indicate that raising endogenous levels of Ado through inhibition of adenosine kinase can increase the expression of VEGF and stimulate endothelial cell proliferation during normoxic and hypoxic conditions.	Adenosine	57-60	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	131-135
11060817-6	2000	Adenosine is also known to reduce the release of noradrenaline, production of endothelin and attenuate the activation of renin-angiotensin system all of which are believed to cause cardiac hypertrophy and remodelling.	Adenosine	0-9	renin	Homo sapiens	121-126
11071366-1	2000	5"-Nucleotidase, responsible for the conversion of adenosine-5"-monophosphate into adenosine, was purified from bovine brain membranes, and subjected to oxidative inactivation.	Adenosine	51-60	5'-nucleotidase	Bos taurus	0-15
11830758-2	2001	Adenosine kinase (AK; EC 2.7.1.20) is the primary metabolic enzyme regulating intra- and extracellular concentrations of ADO.	Adenosine	121-124	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-20
11830758-3	2001	AK inhibitors have been shown to significantly increase ADO concentrations at sites of tissue injury and to provide effective antinociceptive, antiinflammatory, and anticonvulsant activity in animal models.	Adenosine	56-59	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-2
11033356-4	2000	An adenosine/uridine-rich element from the TNFalpha 3" untranslated region conferred p38-sensitive decay in a tetracycline-regulated mRNA stability assay.	Adenosine	3-12	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	43-51
11000134-0	2000	Adenosine induces endothelial apoptosis by activating protein tyrosine phosphatase: a possible role of p38alpha.	Adenosine	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	103-111
11000134-9	2000	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1 activity was slightly elevated in adenosine-treated ECs, whereas ERK2, c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase-1, or p38beta activities differed little.	Adenosine	80-89	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	0-45
11000134-11	2000	Adenosine-treated ECs had diminished p38alpha activity compared with control cells; this effect was blunted on PTPase inhibition.	Adenosine	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	37-45
11000134-12	2000	These results indicate that PTPase(s) plays an integral role in the induction of EC apoptosis upon exposure to homocysteine and/or adenosine, possibly by the attenuation of p38alpha activity.	Adenosine	131-140	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	173-181
11063127-0	2000	Okadaic acid-mediated induction of the c-fos gene in estrogen receptor-negative human breast carcinoma cells utilized, in part, posttranscriptional mechanisms involving adenosine-uridine-rich elements.	Adenosine	169-178	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	53-70
11080618-3	2000	After 12 days, substantial effects of PALP on cell survival required the copresence of insulin (500 nM) and ATP or adenosine (100 microM).	Adenosine	115-124	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	38-42
11023991-0	2000	Adenosine inhibits IL-12 and TNF-[alpha] production via adenosine A2a receptor-dependent and independent mechanisms.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	29-39
11023991-6	2000	Although adenosine increases IL-10 production, the inhibition of IL-12 production is independent of the increased IL-10.	Adenosine	9-18	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	29-34
11023991-8	2000	Adenosine failed to affect steady-state levels of either IL-12 p35 or p40 mRNA, but augmented IL-10 mRNA levels.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	94-99
10945856-2	2000	Adenosine, YT-146, and CGS21680C, in the concentration of 10(-7) to 10(-5) M, significantly inhibited neutrophil elastase release by about 30 to 40% and increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations in isolated neutrophils stimulated with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) in vitro.	Adenosine	0-9	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Rattus norvegicus	102-121
10972531-0	2000	Effects of dipyridamole and adenosine on vasoactive peptides calcitonin gene-related peptide and atrial natriuretic peptide in humans: role of sympathetic activation.	Adenosine	28-37	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	61-92
10972531-5	2000	In turn, exogenous ADO administration has proven to elicit a complex neurohumoral response, including an increase in the plasma concentration of catecholamines, associated with augmented levels of the vasoactive peptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).	Adenosine	19-22	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	221-252
10972531-5	2000	In turn, exogenous ADO administration has proven to elicit a complex neurohumoral response, including an increase in the plasma concentration of catecholamines, associated with augmented levels of the vasoactive peptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).	Adenosine	19-22	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	254-258
10972531-5	2000	In turn, exogenous ADO administration has proven to elicit a complex neurohumoral response, including an increase in the plasma concentration of catecholamines, associated with augmented levels of the vasoactive peptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).	Adenosine	19-22	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	264-290
10972531-5	2000	In turn, exogenous ADO administration has proven to elicit a complex neurohumoral response, including an increase in the plasma concentration of catecholamines, associated with augmented levels of the vasoactive peptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).	Adenosine	19-22	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	292-295
10965912-0	2000	Adenosine is an agonist of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor.	Adenosine	0-9	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	31-45
11281275-1	2000	We report a branch site mutation in the gene of the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH): a -24t > a substitution two bases upstream of the adenosine in the branchpoint sequence (BPS) of intron 11.	Adenosine	136-145	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	59-79
11281275-1	2000	We report a branch site mutation in the gene of the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH): a -24t > a substitution two bases upstream of the adenosine in the branchpoint sequence (BPS) of intron 11.	Adenosine	136-145	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	81-83
10972531-11	2000	Infusion of exogenous ADO produced plasma levels of ADO as high as 1893+/-386 nmol/L, together with a significant increase in plasma levels of CGRP, ANP and NA.	Adenosine	22-25	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	143-147
10972531-11	2000	Infusion of exogenous ADO produced plasma levels of ADO as high as 1893+/-386 nmol/L, together with a significant increase in plasma levels of CGRP, ANP and NA.	Adenosine	22-25	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	149-152
10972531-14	2000	At a given ADO plasma concentration of 450+/-10 nmol/L, the increase in CGRP and NA levels with DIP infusion was significantly higher than that observed following the infusion of ADO, whereas the increase in the plasma concentration of ANP following DIP infusion was very similar to that seen following ADO infusion.	Adenosine	11-14	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	72-76
10945856-3	2000	Adenosine, YT-146, and CGS21680C, in the concentration of 10(-7) to 10(-5) M, significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production by monocytes stimulated with endotoxin by about 50%.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	102-135
11019959-9	2000	Adenosine caused slight attenuation of platelet reactivity to agonist stimulation, enhanced the endotoxin-induced leukocytosis, and detained more platelet-leukocyte aggregates in circulation, but did not attenuate endotoxin-induced neutrophil elastase secretion, von Willebrand factor secretion, or thrombin generation.	Adenosine	0-9	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	299-307
10953039-7	2000	Stimulation with the endogenous ligand adenosine resulted in the same pattern of ERK1/2 phosphorylation as NECA.	Adenosine	39-48	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	81-87
10953039-9	2000	Adenosine at levels reached during ischemia (3 microM) induced a more pronounced, but still transient, activation of ERK1/2.	Adenosine	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	117-123
11022893-8	2000	However, there are a number of pathophysiologic conditions where Ang II interacts with various local autocrine and paracrine factors (such as nitric oxide [NO], eicosanoids, adenosine, and superoxide) to influence glomerular filtration rate.	Adenosine	174-183	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	65-71
10930971-9	2000	CONCLUSIONS: Adenosine infusion at < or = 140 microg kg-1 min-1 was concluded to be generally well tolerated.	Adenosine	13-22	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	61-66
10952960-2	2000	We determined the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in mediating adenosine-induced late cardioprotection using pharmacological inhibitors and iNOS gene-knockout mice.	Adenosine	78-87	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	26-57
10952960-2	2000	We determined the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in mediating adenosine-induced late cardioprotection using pharmacological inhibitors and iNOS gene-knockout mice.	Adenosine	78-87	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	59-63
10899957-2	2000	This study was performed to test the hypothesis that nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR), a selective and potent inhibitor of one adenosine transporter subtype termed ENT1, or es, can protect against ischemic neuronal injury by enhancing adenosine levels and potentiating adenosine receptor-mediated effects, including attenuation of the cellular production and release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).	Adenosine	125-134	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	162-166
10930370-0	2000	Neurotensin stimulates Cl(-) secretion in human colonic mucosa In vitro: role of adenosine.	Adenosine	81-90	neurotensin	Homo sapiens	0-11
10908627-4	2000	It has been proposed that adenosine binding to A2AR lowers the affinity of dopamine for D2R, thus modulating the function of this receptor.	Adenosine	26-35	dopamine receptor D2	Mus musculus	88-91
10917906-0	2000	Blood glucose and insulin concentrations are reduced in humans administered sucrose with inosine or adenosine.	Adenosine	100-109	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
10917906-4	2000	The initial increase in plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations at 30 min after loading sucrose (50 g) alone were significantly reduced by co-administration of inosine (2.5 and 1.0 g) or adenosine (2.5 g).	Adenosine	195-204	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
10965228-1	2000	We examined whether the formation or the release of the vasodilators adenosine, prostacyclin (PGI(2)) and potassium (K(+)) increase in skeletal muscle interstitium in response to nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition.	Adenosine	69-78	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	179-200
10816606-0	2000	Adenosine-induced expression of interleukin-6 in astrocytes through protein kinase A and NF-IL-6.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	32-45
10816606-2	2000	The expression of IL-6 in astrocytes is stimulated by extracellular adenosine through A(2B) receptors.	Adenosine	68-77	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	18-22
10816606-4	2000	Expression of PKI, an inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA), interfered with IL-6 transcription indicating that PKA mediates the effect of adenosine.	Adenosine	137-146	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	75-79
10816606-5	2000	The CAAT box of the IL-6 promoter is necessary for the stimulation by adenosine as a mutation in this element reduced the stimulation by adenosine.	Adenosine	70-79	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	20-24
10816606-5	2000	The CAAT box of the IL-6 promoter is necessary for the stimulation by adenosine as a mutation in this element reduced the stimulation by adenosine.	Adenosine	137-146	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	20-24
10816606-9	2000	This suggests that adenosine induces the de novo synthesis of NF-IL-6 through activation of PKA and thereby stimulates transcription of IL-6 in astrocytes.	Adenosine	19-28	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	65-69
10896718-9	2000	The order of purinoceptor agonist potency for [Ca2+]i increases was ATP = UTP > 2-MeSATP > ADP >> adenosine, consistent with the profile for P2Y2 purinoceptors.	Adenosine	110-119	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
10818485-3	2000	A strengthening of the cyclic adenosine-5",3"-monophosphate (cAMP) signaling exerted a differential inhibition of the stimulatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) released from cultured rat microglia, but maintained the negative feedback signal IL-6; cAMP inhibited also the release of free oxygen radicals (OR) but not of NO.	Adenosine	30-39	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	140-167
10858627-8	2000	These results are discussed further with respect to the role of adenosine in S100beta release.	Adenosine	64-73	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	77-85
10882811-3	2000	This cardioprotection has been shown to be mediated by stimulation of receptors linked to protein kinase C (PKC) (adenosine, bradykinin, opioids, etc.	Adenosine	114-123	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	90-106
10882811-3	2000	This cardioprotection has been shown to be mediated by stimulation of receptors linked to protein kinase C (PKC) (adenosine, bradykinin, opioids, etc.	Adenosine	114-123	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	108-111
10758927-7	2000	We found a negative correlation between beta-endorphin and adenosine concentrations (r = -0.751, p <0.001): the higher the adenosine, the lower the beta-endorphin level.	Adenosine	59-68	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	40-54
10758927-7	2000	We found a negative correlation between beta-endorphin and adenosine concentrations (r = -0.751, p <0.001): the higher the adenosine, the lower the beta-endorphin level.	Adenosine	59-68	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	151-165
10758927-7	2000	We found a negative correlation between beta-endorphin and adenosine concentrations (r = -0.751, p <0.001): the higher the adenosine, the lower the beta-endorphin level.	Adenosine	126-135	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	40-54
10758927-8	2000	These observations suggest that because adenosine release by pulmonary vascular endothelium is reduced in pulmonary hypertension, the resulting worsened hypoperfusion and tissue oxygenation may cause increased beta-endorphin release.	Adenosine	40-49	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	210-224
10914495-8	2000	The TNF-alpha-inhibiting effects of adenosine and GP515 were reversed in the presence of the cAMP antagonist (Rp)-cAMPS, supporting the hypothesis of a cAMP-mediated pathway.	Adenosine	36-45	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	4-13
10914495-9	2000	Combinations of GP515 with either adenosine or rolipram led to an additive inhibition of TNF-alpha synthesis.	Adenosine	34-43	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	89-98
10818485-3	2000	A strengthening of the cyclic adenosine-5",3"-monophosphate (cAMP) signaling exerted a differential inhibition of the stimulatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) released from cultured rat microglia, but maintained the negative feedback signal IL-6; cAMP inhibited also the release of free oxygen radicals (OR) but not of NO.	Adenosine	30-39	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	169-178
10818485-3	2000	A strengthening of the cyclic adenosine-5",3"-monophosphate (cAMP) signaling exerted a differential inhibition of the stimulatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) released from cultured rat microglia, but maintained the negative feedback signal IL-6; cAMP inhibited also the release of free oxygen radicals (OR) but not of NO.	Adenosine	30-39	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	184-202
10818485-3	2000	A strengthening of the cyclic adenosine-5",3"-monophosphate (cAMP) signaling exerted a differential inhibition of the stimulatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) released from cultured rat microglia, but maintained the negative feedback signal IL-6; cAMP inhibited also the release of free oxygen radicals (OR) but not of NO.	Adenosine	30-39	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	204-213
10818485-3	2000	A strengthening of the cyclic adenosine-5",3"-monophosphate (cAMP) signaling exerted a differential inhibition of the stimulatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) released from cultured rat microglia, but maintained the negative feedback signal IL-6; cAMP inhibited also the release of free oxygen radicals (OR) but not of NO.	Adenosine	30-39	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	297-301
10863963-0	2000	Adenosine regulates the production of interleukin-6 by human gingival fibroblasts via cyclic AMP/protein kinase A pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	38-51
10863963-4	2000	Ligation of adenosine receptors with adenosine or its related analogue, 2-chloroadenosine (2-CADO), increased IL-6 production by HGF without any other stimuli.	Adenosine	12-21	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	110-114
10863963-7	2000	These results suggest that cAMP is involved in adenosine-induced IL-6 production by HGF.	Adenosine	47-56	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	65-69
10675362-4	2000	Using mice deficient in the A(3) adenosine receptor (A(3)AR), we show that increases in cutaneous vascular permeability observed after treatment with adenosine or its principal metabolite inosine are mediated through the A(3)AR.	Adenosine	33-42	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	53-59
10863963-8	2000	Adenosine-induced IL-6 production was suppressed by protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, H89, indicating that cAMP/PKA pathway is involved in the induction.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	18-22
10863963-9	2000	Moreover, the experiments using antagonists specific for adenosine receptor subtypes revealed that the adenosine-induced IL-6 production by HGF was, at least in part, mediated by the adenosine A2b receptor.	Adenosine	57-66	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	121-125
10722669-11	2000	Taken together, these results suggest that hENT2 might be important in transporting adenosine and its metabolites (inosine and hypoxanthine) in tissues such as skeletal muscle where ENT2 is predominantly expressed.	Adenosine	84-93	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	43-48
10722669-11	2000	Taken together, these results suggest that hENT2 might be important in transporting adenosine and its metabolites (inosine and hypoxanthine) in tissues such as skeletal muscle where ENT2 is predominantly expressed.	Adenosine	84-93	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	44-48
10683243-10	2000	These results suggest that the turnover of the AMP-adenosine metabolic cycle might be impaired in diabetic tissues due to the reduced activity of adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	51-60	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	146-162
11060695-1	2000	Adenosine kinase (AK; EC 2.7.1.20) is a key intracellular enzyme regulating intra and extracellular concentrations of adenosine (ADO), an endogenous modulator of intercellular signalling that reduces cell excitability during tissue stress and trauma.	Adenosine	118-127	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
11060695-1	2000	Adenosine kinase (AK; EC 2.7.1.20) is a key intracellular enzyme regulating intra and extracellular concentrations of adenosine (ADO), an endogenous modulator of intercellular signalling that reduces cell excitability during tissue stress and trauma.	Adenosine	118-127	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-20
10660615-1	2000	The A(3) adenosine receptor (A3AR) is one of four receptor subtypes for adenosine and is expressed in a broad spectrum of tissues.	Adenosine	9-18	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	29-33
10666038-8	2000	In whole cell voltage-clamp studies, intracellular dialysis of Calu-3 cells with HT-31 blocked the activation of CFTR by extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	135-144	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	113-117
10794412-3	2000	In T. gondii tachyzoites, adenosine is the predominantly salvaged purine nucleoside, and thus adenosine kinase is a key enzyme in the purine salvage pathway of this parasite.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	94-110
10699369-10	2000	These studies indicate that the A3AR affects the steady-state level of cAMP in the tissues where it is naturally expressed, and that it influences the blood pressure in response to adenosine.	Adenosine	181-190	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	32-36
10676861-7	2000	Adenosine deaminase (ADA; 1 U/ml), which is able to remove adenosine from the synaptic space, reduced the K+-evoked D-[3H]aspartate release, from 5.1 +/- 0.4% to 3.1 +/- 0.3% in oxidized cells, and had no significant effect in control cells.	Adenosine	59-68	adenosine deaminase	Gallus gallus	0-19
10675362-4	2000	Using mice deficient in the A(3) adenosine receptor (A(3)AR), we show that increases in cutaneous vascular permeability observed after treatment with adenosine or its principal metabolite inosine are mediated through the A(3)AR.	Adenosine	33-42	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	221-227
10646513-6	2000	The reduced function of the rat equilibrative nucleoside transporter rENT1 also plays a role in controlling extracellular ADO levels.	Adenosine	122-125	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
10713970-11	2000	Cytosolic 5"N had a low activity, which was unaffected by pH; the rate of intracellular adenosine formation was an order of magnitude lower than the rate of adenosine removal by adenosine kinase or adenosine deaminase, which were both exclusively intracellular enzymes.	Adenosine	157-166	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	178-194
10686981-1	2000	BACKGROUND: Adenosine prevents myocardial TNF-alpha production induced by ischemia/reperfusion, but the mechanisms are poorly understood.	Adenosine	12-21	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	42-51
10686981-13	2000	Adenosine significantly inhibited NK-kappa B binding activity in the nucleus, markedly prevented the loss of I kappa B alpha proteins from the cytoplasm, and concomitantly down-regulated TNF-alpha mRNA expression, but enhanced AP-1 binding activity in the nucleus of ischemic myocardium.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	187-196
10686981-14	2000	CONCLUSIONS: Adenosine modulation of NF-kappa B activation may be the cellular molecular mechanism of down-regulation of TNF-alpha mRNA expression.	Adenosine	13-22	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	121-130
10648825-1	2000	The protein G(M), which targets protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) to the glycogen particles and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of striated muscles, is known to be phosphorylated at Ser48 and Ser67 in vitro by adenosine 3",5" cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and at Ser48 by MAP kinase-activated protein kinase-1 (MAPKAP-K1, also called p90 RSK).	Adenosine	200-209	inorganic pyrophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	55-58
10627457-2	2000	In this study, we determined the effects of endogenous Ado on fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP)-induced phospholipase D (PLD) activity in neutrophils.	Adenosine	55-58	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	62-74
10627457-2	2000	In this study, we determined the effects of endogenous Ado on fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP)-induced phospholipase D (PLD) activity in neutrophils.	Adenosine	55-58	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	76-80
10627457-2	2000	In this study, we determined the effects of endogenous Ado on fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP)-induced phospholipase D (PLD) activity in neutrophils.	Adenosine	55-58	glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1	Homo sapiens	90-105
10627457-2	2000	In this study, we determined the effects of endogenous Ado on fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP)-induced phospholipase D (PLD) activity in neutrophils.	Adenosine	55-58	glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1	Homo sapiens	107-110
11268424-3	2000	Recent evidence indicates that glucocorticoids, norepinephrine, epinephrine, histamine, and adenosine inhibit the production of human IL-12 and TNF-alpha, whereas they do not affect or even stimulate the production of IL-10.	Adenosine	92-101	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	144-153
11117672-4	2000	Insulin sensitivity in adipocytes could be normalized by the addition of an adenosine analog.	Adenosine	76-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
11117672-8	2000	Interventions that can increase insulin sensitivity, such as adenosine, may have therapeutic potential in treating the unique insulin resistance of PCOS.	Adenosine	61-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
11117672-8	2000	Interventions that can increase insulin sensitivity, such as adenosine, may have therapeutic potential in treating the unique insulin resistance of PCOS.	Adenosine	61-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	126-133
10669115-9	1999	The secretory response of TNF-primed neutrophils to fMLP was inhibited by adenosine in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 5.18 +/- 7.1 micromol/l).	Adenosine	74-83	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	26-29
10600871-6	1999	Our data indicate that P-selectin expression is a novel downstream effector target of the adenosine-initiated, PKC-dependent, anti-inflammatory signaling pathway in IPC.	Adenosine	90-99	selectin P	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
10669115-9	1999	The secretory response of TNF-primed neutrophils to fMLP was inhibited by adenosine in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 5.18 +/- 7.1 micromol/l).	Adenosine	74-83	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	52-56
10619395-0	1999	Extracellular adenosine increases Na+/I- symporter gene expression in rat thyroid FRTL-5 cells.	Adenosine	14-23	solute carrier family 5 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	34-50
10619395-4	1999	The stimulation of I- transport by adenosine is partly as a result of an increase in Na+/I- symporter (NIS) mRNA and protein levels.	Adenosine	35-44	solute carrier family 5 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	85-101
10619395-4	1999	The stimulation of I- transport by adenosine is partly as a result of an increase in Na+/I- symporter (NIS) mRNA and protein levels.	Adenosine	35-44	solute carrier family 5 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
10619395-5	1999	Northern blot analysis revealed that adenosine increases NIS mRNA levels at 24 h, reaching a maximum at 36 h. Western blot analysis demonstrated that adenosine increases NIS protein levels at 36 h, reaching a maximum at 72 h, in parallel with the kinetics of adenosine-induced I- transport.	Adenosine	37-46	solute carrier family 5 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
10619395-5	1999	Northern blot analysis revealed that adenosine increases NIS mRNA levels at 24 h, reaching a maximum at 36 h. Western blot analysis demonstrated that adenosine increases NIS protein levels at 36 h, reaching a maximum at 72 h, in parallel with the kinetics of adenosine-induced I- transport.	Adenosine	37-46	solute carrier family 5 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	170-173
10619395-5	1999	Northern blot analysis revealed that adenosine increases NIS mRNA levels at 24 h, reaching a maximum at 36 h. Western blot analysis demonstrated that adenosine increases NIS protein levels at 36 h, reaching a maximum at 72 h, in parallel with the kinetics of adenosine-induced I- transport.	Adenosine	150-159	solute carrier family 5 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
10619395-5	1999	Northern blot analysis revealed that adenosine increases NIS mRNA levels at 24 h, reaching a maximum at 36 h. Western blot analysis demonstrated that adenosine increases NIS protein levels at 36 h, reaching a maximum at 72 h, in parallel with the kinetics of adenosine-induced I- transport.	Adenosine	150-159	solute carrier family 5 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	170-173
10619395-5	1999	Northern blot analysis revealed that adenosine increases NIS mRNA levels at 24 h, reaching a maximum at 36 h. Western blot analysis demonstrated that adenosine increases NIS protein levels at 36 h, reaching a maximum at 72 h, in parallel with the kinetics of adenosine-induced I- transport.	Adenosine	150-159	solute carrier family 5 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
10619395-5	1999	Northern blot analysis revealed that adenosine increases NIS mRNA levels at 24 h, reaching a maximum at 36 h. Western blot analysis demonstrated that adenosine increases NIS protein levels at 36 h, reaching a maximum at 72 h, in parallel with the kinetics of adenosine-induced I- transport.	Adenosine	150-159	solute carrier family 5 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	170-173
10619395-6	1999	Adenosine increased the promoter activity of a full-length NIS promoter-luciferase chimera, suggesting that the effect of adenosine on NIS mRNA levels is transcriptional.	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 5 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
10619395-6	1999	Adenosine increased the promoter activity of a full-length NIS promoter-luciferase chimera, suggesting that the effect of adenosine on NIS mRNA levels is transcriptional.	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 5 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	135-138
10619395-6	1999	Adenosine increased the promoter activity of a full-length NIS promoter-luciferase chimera, suggesting that the effect of adenosine on NIS mRNA levels is transcriptional.	Adenosine	122-131	solute carrier family 5 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
10619395-6	1999	Adenosine increased the promoter activity of a full-length NIS promoter-luciferase chimera, suggesting that the effect of adenosine on NIS mRNA levels is transcriptional.	Adenosine	122-131	solute carrier family 5 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	135-138
10619395-7	1999	The stimulatory effect of adenosine on NIS mRNA levels, is mimicked by N6-(L-2-phenylisopropyl) adenosine (PIA), an A1 adenosine receptor agonist, and inhibited by 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine, an A1 adenosine receptor antagonist, suggesting that the effect is mediated via the A1 adenosine receptor stimulation in FRTL-5 cells.	Adenosine	26-35	solute carrier family 5 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
10619395-8	1999	Incubating cells with islet-activating protein inhibited the adenosine-induced NIS mRNA levels.	Adenosine	61-70	solute carrier family 5 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
10619395-9	1999	In sum, extracellular adenosine increases NIS gene expression and stimulates I- transport via the A1 adenosine receptor-Gi/Go protein signal transduction pathway.	Adenosine	22-31	solute carrier family 5 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
10585107-10	1999	A potential intracellular mechanism for the protective effects of either adenosine or the ATP-sensitive potassium channel is the activation of protein kinase C (PKC).	Adenosine	73-82	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	143-159
10585107-10	1999	A potential intracellular mechanism for the protective effects of either adenosine or the ATP-sensitive potassium channel is the activation of protein kinase C (PKC).	Adenosine	73-82	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	161-164
10562646-2	1999	The adenosine analog, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), has previously been shown to be taken up by cells and phosphorylated to form a compound (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide) that mimics the effect of AMP on AMPK.	Adenosine	4-13	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	246-250
10525068-6	1999	In agreement with our previous reports, adenosine antagonists reduced haloperidol-induced c-fos and neurotensin gene expression as well as catalepsy.	Adenosine	40-49	neurotensin	Homo sapiens	100-111
10401561-21	1999	These results suggest that the vasodilatory action of intravascular ATP in the coronary circulation should be attributed to the dual and equal activities of adenosine and ADP acting at P1 and P2Y1 receptors respectively.	Adenosine	157-166	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Rattus norvegicus	192-196
10526251-9	1999	Direct sequencing of the albumin gene showed a guanine to adenosine transition in the second nucleotide of codon 218, resulting in a substitution of histidine (CAC) for the normal arginine (CGC) in one of the two alleles in the patient.	Adenosine	58-67	albumin	Homo sapiens	25-32
10629874-12	1999	These findings suggest that adenosine may reduce I/R-induced liver injury mainly by inhibiting hepatic TNF-alpha production via A2AR, thereby reducing neutrophil activation.	Adenosine	28-37	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	103-112
10419465-11	1999	Important properties of the p235 PI 5-kinase include high sensitivity to nonionic detergents and relative resistance to wortmannin and adenosine.	Adenosine	135-144	phosphoinositide kinase, FYVE type zinc finger containing	Mus musculus	28-32
10362698-2	1999	Adenosine inhibits the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in macrophages.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	37-46
10362698-2	1999	Adenosine inhibits the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in macrophages.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	51-55
10362698-4	1999	In myocytes, adenosine suppressed TNF-alpha mRNA by 40% (P < 0.05) and induced a 4.7-fold increase in IL-6 mRNA (P < 0.05) with a twofold increase in IL-6 protein release (P < 0.001).	Adenosine	13-22	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	34-43
10362698-4	1999	In myocytes, adenosine suppressed TNF-alpha mRNA by 40% (P < 0.05) and induced a 4.7-fold increase in IL-6 mRNA (P < 0.05) with a twofold increase in IL-6 protein release (P < 0.001).	Adenosine	13-22	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	105-109
10362698-4	1999	In myocytes, adenosine suppressed TNF-alpha mRNA by 40% (P < 0.05) and induced a 4.7-fold increase in IL-6 mRNA (P < 0.05) with a twofold increase in IL-6 protein release (P < 0.001).	Adenosine	13-22	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	156-160
10629874-2	1999	Adenosine and YT-146, in the range of concentrations of 10(-7)-10(-5) M, significantly inhibited the formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced neutrophil elastase release from isolated neutrophils by about 35% in vitro.	Adenosine	0-9	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Rattus norvegicus	154-173
10629874-3	1999	Adenosine and YT-146, in the range of concentrations of 10(-7)-10(-5) M, significantly inhibited the endotoxin-stimulated TNF-alpha production by monocytes to less than 50% of the control.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	122-131
10519975-2	1999	We have investigated the possibility that insulin mediates vasodilatation in the human skeletal muscle via an increase in extracellular adenosine concentrations.	Adenosine	136-145	insulin	Homo sapiens	42-49
10470995-0	1999	The role of adenosine in insulin-induced vasodilation.	Adenosine	12-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	25-32
10470995-9	1999	These results demonstrate that the insulin-induced increase in blood flow in the experimental arm was more pronounced at the site of adenosine-uptake blockade by draflazine, whereas this was reduced during adenosine-receptor antagonism by theophylline.	Adenosine	133-142	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
10470995-10	1999	Our observations are compatible with the hypothesis that insulin-induced vasodilation is mediated by the release of adenosine.	Adenosine	116-125	insulin	Homo sapiens	57-64
10496321-0	1999	Inhibition of fMLP-triggered respiratory burst of human monocytes by adenosine: involvement of A3 adenosine receptor.	Adenosine	69-78	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
10496321-4	1999	Adenosine inhibited fMLP-triggered NADPH oxidase activity with a maximal inhibition of 55+/-5%.	Adenosine	0-9	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	20-24
10481269-6	1999	In addition to catalyzing Ca(2+)-dependent cross-linking reactions, tTG can also bind and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate and adenosine triphosphate.	Adenosine	127-136	transglutaminase 2	Homo sapiens	68-71
10428086-7	1999	Thus, ENT1 mRNA has a wide cellular and regional distribution in brain, indicating that this nucleoside transporter subtype may be important in regulating intra- and extracellular levels of adenosine in brain.	Adenosine	190-199	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	6-10
10621945-22	1999	Similarly to the blockade of NMDA receptors, the neurotoxic action of A beta s could be markedly decreased by pharmacological manipulation of voltage-dependent Ca(2+)-channels, serotonergic IA or adenosine A1 receptors, and by drugs eliciting membrane hyperpolarization or indirect blockade of Ca(2+)-mediated intracellular consequences of intracerebral A beta infusions.	Adenosine	196-205	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	70-76
10419767-0	1999	Sites of action for future therapy: an adenosine-dependent mechanism by which aspirin retains its antiinflammatory activity in cyclooxygenase-2 and NFkappaB knockout mice.	Adenosine	39-48	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	148-156
10396621-10	1999	Additionally, in vitro studies provide strong evidence that adenosine is a mediator of the formation and effects of vascular endothelial growth factor, which in turn promotes neovascularization.	Adenosine	60-69	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	116-150
10341228-0	1999	Adenosine: a mediator of interleukin-1beta-induced hippocampal synaptic inhibition.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	25-42
10341228-7	1999	Because the production and release of adenosine in the CNS is thought to be metabolically dependent, this observation suggests that one of the functions of IL-1beta is to increase the endogenous production of adenosine.	Adenosine	38-47	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	156-164
10341228-7	1999	Because the production and release of adenosine in the CNS is thought to be metabolically dependent, this observation suggests that one of the functions of IL-1beta is to increase the endogenous production of adenosine.	Adenosine	209-218	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	156-164
10336567-3	1999	Inhibitors of adenosine kinase (AK) were examined because AK is normally the primary route of adenosine metabolism.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	32-34
10443568-1	1999	Adenosine, by activating adenosine A2A receptors, seems to have a crucial function in regulating the activation of multiple receptors that affect neurotransmitter release and/or synaptic transmission, in particular receptors for neuropeptides (calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)), and NMDA receptors, metabotropic glutamate receptors, nicotinic autofacilitatory receptors, dopamine receptors and adenosine A1 receptors.	Adenosine	0-9	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	244-275
10443568-1	1999	Adenosine, by activating adenosine A2A receptors, seems to have a crucial function in regulating the activation of multiple receptors that affect neurotransmitter release and/or synaptic transmission, in particular receptors for neuropeptides (calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)), and NMDA receptors, metabotropic glutamate receptors, nicotinic autofacilitatory receptors, dopamine receptors and adenosine A1 receptors.	Adenosine	0-9	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	277-281
10435413-10	1999	These effects of adenosine agonists and antagonists were abolished by prior administration of bromocriptine, the dopamine D2 receptor agonist and spiperone, the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, respectively.	Adenosine	17-26	dopamine receptor D2	Mus musculus	113-133
10435413-10	1999	These effects of adenosine agonists and antagonists were abolished by prior administration of bromocriptine, the dopamine D2 receptor agonist and spiperone, the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, respectively.	Adenosine	17-26	dopamine receptor D2	Mus musculus	161-181
10336567-10	1999	This improved side effect profile contrasts markedly with the profound hypotension, bradycardia, and hypothermia and greater inhibition of motor function observed with the adenosine receptor agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine and opens the way to clinical evaluation of AK inhibitors as a novel, adenosine-based approach to anticonvulsant therapy.	Adenosine	172-181	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	267-269
10319886-9	1999	Taken together, these results suggest that decreased levels of adenosine and its A1 receptor modulate TNF alpha and IL-6 levels and may contribute to the pathogenesis of MS.	Adenosine	63-72	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	102-111
10353335-0	1999	Site and event specific increase of striatal adenosine release by adenosine kinase inhibition in rats.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	66-82
10353335-1	1999	The effects of the systemically administered adenosine kinase (AK) inhibitor, 5"-deoxy-5-iodotubercidin (5"d-5IT) on the striatal adenosine (ADO) release evoked by the excitotoxin, kainic acid (KA) were examined using rat bilateral striatal microdialysis.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	63-65
10353335-1	1999	The effects of the systemically administered adenosine kinase (AK) inhibitor, 5"-deoxy-5-iodotubercidin (5"d-5IT) on the striatal adenosine (ADO) release evoked by the excitotoxin, kainic acid (KA) were examined using rat bilateral striatal microdialysis.	Adenosine	141-144	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	45-61
10319886-9	1999	Taken together, these results suggest that decreased levels of adenosine and its A1 receptor modulate TNF alpha and IL-6 levels and may contribute to the pathogenesis of MS.	Adenosine	63-72	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	116-120
10323204-1	1999	A combination of adenosine (Ado) and homocysteine (Homo) enhances tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo in several tumor cells.	Adenosine	17-26	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	66-99
10334442-0	1999	Adenosine causes the release of active renin and angiotensin II in the coronary circulation of patients with essential hypertension.	Adenosine	0-9	renin	Homo sapiens	39-44
10334442-0	1999	Adenosine causes the release of active renin and angiotensin II in the coronary circulation of patients with essential hypertension.	Adenosine	0-9	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	49-63
10334442-1	1999	OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate whether adenosine infusion can induce production of active renin and angiotensin II in human coronary circulation.	Adenosine	57-66	renin	Homo sapiens	108-132
10334442-6	1999	RESULTS: In hypertensive patients, but not in control subjects, despite a similar increment in coronary blood flow, a significant (p < 0.05) transient increase of venous active renin (from 10.7 +/- 1.4 [95% confidence interval 9.4 to 11.8] to a maximum of 13.8 +/- 2.1 [12.2 to 15.5] with a consequent drop to 10.9 +/- 1.8 [9.7 to 12.1] pg/ml), and angiotensin II (from 14.6 +/- 2.0 [12.7 to 16.5] to a maximum of 20.4 +/- 2.7 [18.7 to 22.2] with a consequent drop to 16.3 +/- 1.8 [13.9 to 18.7] pg/ml) was observed under adenosine infusion, whereas arterial values did not change.	Adenosine	525-534	renin	Homo sapiens	180-185
10334442-8	1999	This adenosine-induced venous angiotensin II increase was significantly blunted by benazeprilat.	Adenosine	5-14	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	30-44
10334442-10	1999	CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that exogenous adenosine stimulates the release of active renin and angiotensin II in the coronary arteries of essential hypertensive patients, and suggest that this phenomenon is probably due to renin release from tissue stores of renally derived renin.	Adenosine	48-57	renin	Homo sapiens	91-96
10334442-10	1999	CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that exogenous adenosine stimulates the release of active renin and angiotensin II in the coronary arteries of essential hypertensive patients, and suggest that this phenomenon is probably due to renin release from tissue stores of renally derived renin.	Adenosine	48-57	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	101-115
10334442-10	1999	CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that exogenous adenosine stimulates the release of active renin and angiotensin II in the coronary arteries of essential hypertensive patients, and suggest that this phenomenon is probably due to renin release from tissue stores of renally derived renin.	Adenosine	48-57	renin	Homo sapiens	229-234
10334442-10	1999	CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that exogenous adenosine stimulates the release of active renin and angiotensin II in the coronary arteries of essential hypertensive patients, and suggest that this phenomenon is probably due to renin release from tissue stores of renally derived renin.	Adenosine	48-57	renin	Homo sapiens	229-234
10201663-6	1999	Use of adenosine (mean +/- SEM, 166+/-17 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) was associated with a significantly greater decrease in systolic blood pressure and higher heart rate values compared with remifentanil (mean +/- SEM, 0.2+/-0.03 microg kg(-1) x min(-1)).	Adenosine	7-16	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	59-66
10201663-6	1999	Use of adenosine (mean +/- SEM, 166+/-17 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) was associated with a significantly greater decrease in systolic blood pressure and higher heart rate values compared with remifentanil (mean +/- SEM, 0.2+/-0.03 microg kg(-1) x min(-1)).	Adenosine	7-16	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	246-253
10101031-4	1999	The mechanism by which adenosine promotes IL-8 synthesis has not been defined.	Adenosine	23-32	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	42-46
10101031-6	1999	Stimulation of HMC-1 with the stable adenosine analog NECA (5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine) activated p21(ras) and both p42 and p44 isoforms of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK).	Adenosine	37-46	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	144-181
10101031-6	1999	Stimulation of HMC-1 with the stable adenosine analog NECA (5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine) activated p21(ras) and both p42 and p44 isoforms of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK).	Adenosine	37-46	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	183-186
10101031-11	1999	These results indicate that extracellular adenosine can regulate ERK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 MAPK signaling cascades and that activation of ERK and p38 MAPK pathways are essential steps in adenosine A2B receptor-dependent stimulation of IL-8 production in HMC-1.	Adenosine	42-51	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	65-68
10101031-11	1999	These results indicate that extracellular adenosine can regulate ERK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 MAPK signaling cascades and that activation of ERK and p38 MAPK pathways are essential steps in adenosine A2B receptor-dependent stimulation of IL-8 production in HMC-1.	Adenosine	42-51	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	99-102
10101031-11	1999	These results indicate that extracellular adenosine can regulate ERK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 MAPK signaling cascades and that activation of ERK and p38 MAPK pathways are essential steps in adenosine A2B receptor-dependent stimulation of IL-8 production in HMC-1.	Adenosine	42-51	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	247-251
10092821-9	1999	The stimulation of A2B receptors by adenosine or its analogues inhibits the IFN-gamma-induced expression of MHC class II genes and also the IFN-gamma-induced expression of nitric oxide synthase and of proinflammatory cytokines.	Adenosine	36-45	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	76-85
10092821-9	1999	The stimulation of A2B receptors by adenosine or its analogues inhibits the IFN-gamma-induced expression of MHC class II genes and also the IFN-gamma-induced expression of nitric oxide synthase and of proinflammatory cytokines.	Adenosine	36-45	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	140-149
10069993-10	1999	We conclude that human HCE cells and rabbit ciliary processes possess A3 receptors and that adenosine can activate Cl- channels in NPE cells by stimulating these A3 receptors.	Adenosine	92-101	RNA guanylyltransferase and 5'-phosphatase	Homo sapiens	23-26
10323204-1	1999	A combination of adenosine (Ado) and homocysteine (Homo) enhances tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo in several tumor cells.	Adenosine	28-31	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	66-99
10037777-2	1999	We have investigated the hypothesis that TNFalpha stimulates lipolysis by blocking the action of endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	108-117	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	41-49
10037777-5	1999	This suggests that TNFalpha blocks adenosine release or prevents its antilipolytic effect.	Adenosine	35-44	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	19-27
10434828-2	1999	In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, eight ASA 1 male volunteers received infusion of adenosine 100 micrograms kg-1 min-1 or placebo for 10 min.	Adenosine	105-114	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	135-140
10199136-5	1999	VEGF is produced from retinal cells exposed to AGE, adenosine, bFGF.	Adenosine	52-61	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	0-4
10355488-3	1999	We had previously reported that glutamate inhibits adenosine-induced cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation in slices obtained from the optic tectum of chicks.	Adenosine	51-60	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	81-85
10355488-4	1999	In the present study we investigated the interaction of GN with these two neurotransmitters and found that GN inhibit the inhibitory effect of glutamate on adenosine-induced cAMP accumulation and potentiate adenosine-induced cAMP accumulation.	Adenosine	156-165	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	174-178
10089572-8	1999	Preincubation with 4-bromophenacyl bromide (4-BPB) inhibited the effect of an adenosine analogue by 50%, indicating that activation of phospholipase A2 may be involved in the adenosine-induced response.	Adenosine	78-87	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	135-151
10355488-4	1999	In the present study we investigated the interaction of GN with these two neurotransmitters and found that GN inhibit the inhibitory effect of glutamate on adenosine-induced cAMP accumulation and potentiate adenosine-induced cAMP accumulation.	Adenosine	207-216	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	225-229
10089572-8	1999	Preincubation with 4-bromophenacyl bromide (4-BPB) inhibited the effect of an adenosine analogue by 50%, indicating that activation of phospholipase A2 may be involved in the adenosine-induced response.	Adenosine	175-184	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	135-151
9950763-0	1999	Adenosine and its nucleotides activate wild-type and R117H CFTR through an A2B receptor-coupled pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	59-63
9950763-3	1999	In a simplified model using COS-7 cells, we demonstrate acquisition of an ATP-, ADP-, AMP-, and adenosine (ADO)-regulated halide permeability specifically following expression of wild-type (wt) cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Adenosine	96-105	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	247-251
9950763-3	1999	In a simplified model using COS-7 cells, we demonstrate acquisition of an ATP-, ADP-, AMP-, and adenosine (ADO)-regulated halide permeability specifically following expression of wild-type (wt) cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Adenosine	107-110	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	247-251
9845970-0	1998	Molecular modeling studies of human A3 adenosine antagonists: structural homology and receptor docking.	Adenosine	39-48	T cell immune regulator 1, ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit a3	Homo sapiens	36-38
10225668-5	1999	Several of the HAM/TSP patients with increased adenosine levels were probably complicated with other diseases.	Adenosine	47-56	thrombospondin 1	Homo sapiens	19-22
9914278-10	1999	These observations suggest that 2-DG releases glutamate and adenosine and that the rise in [Ca2+] may be triggered by a synergistic action of glutamate (acting via NMDA receptors) and adenosine (acting via A2b receptors) resulting in Ca2+ release from a dantrolene-sensitive store.	Adenosine	184-193	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
9914278-10	1999	These observations suggest that 2-DG releases glutamate and adenosine and that the rise in [Ca2+] may be triggered by a synergistic action of glutamate (acting via NMDA receptors) and adenosine (acting via A2b receptors) resulting in Ca2+ release from a dantrolene-sensitive store.	Adenosine	184-193	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	234-237
9862784-7	1999	It is well known that in the kidney adenosine activates renal afferent nerves, enhances renovascular responses to norepinephrine and angiotensin II, and increases sodium reabsorption; therefore, RSNA-induced adenosine production may contribute to the hypertensive effects of RSNA.	Adenosine	36-45	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	133-147
11068609-4	1999	administered adenosine decreases both spontaneous and angiotensin II (Ang II) induced ingestion of sodium chloride solution (9/1000).	Adenosine	13-22	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	54-68
11068609-4	1999	administered adenosine decreases both spontaneous and angiotensin II (Ang II) induced ingestion of sodium chloride solution (9/1000).	Adenosine	13-22	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	70-76
11068609-7	1999	Adenosine decreases the urinary releases of Na+ and K+ and dramatically reduces only Ang II-induced natriuresis.	Adenosine	0-9	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	85-91
9934461-0	1998	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of adenosine analogs as inhibitors of trypanosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.	Adenosine	50-59	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	98-138
9877451-3	1998	TNF-alpha production in IL-1beta-stimulated or PMA-stimulated hepatocyte cultures was not altered following the addition of dihydrocortisone (< or = 1 microg/ml), dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP, < or = 100 micromol/l), adenosine (< or = 1 mmol/l), thalidomide (< or = 25 microg/ml), or cyclosporine (< or = 300 ng/ml).	Adenosine	218-227	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-9
9877451-7	1998	Additional studies with PMA-treated human whole blood cultures confirmed that pentoxifylline, db-cAMP, and adenosine reduced TNF-alpha production by leukocytes.	Adenosine	107-116	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	125-134
9852905-4	1998	Although adenosine reduces macrophage TNF-alpha production and protects myocardium against I/R, it remains unknown whether ischemic preconditioning, which is mediated by adenosine, decreases postischemic myocardial TNF-alpha production.	Adenosine	9-18	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	38-47
9852905-8	1998	Ischemic preconditioning or adenosine decreased myocardial TNF-alpha and improved postischemic functional recovery.	Adenosine	28-37	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	59-68
10603942-6	1998	Exogenous effectors found to affect RyR function include ryanoids, toxins, xanthines, anthraquinones, phenol derivatives, adenosine and purinergic agonists and antagonists, NO donors, oxidizing reagents, dantrolene, local anesthetics, and polycationic reagents.	Adenosine	122-131	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	36-39
9751677-8	1998	min-1 adenosine as normal (flow >/=2 mL .	Adenosine	6-15	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-5
9781834-2	1998	The addition of adenosine to the medium showed inhibition of both the stimulated release of LPL activity and an increase in intracellular cAMP content by vanadate.	Adenosine	16-25	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
9781834-9	1998	Therefore, vanadate may stimulate the release of LPL activity from the fat pads by suppressing the rise in extracellular adenosine level, accompanied by the activation of adenylate cyclase activity.	Adenosine	121-130	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
9731623-3	1998	Adenosine kinase is a key enzyme controlling adenosine metabolism.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-16
9705281-3	1998	When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, recombinant hENT1 and rENT1 transport both purine and pyrimidine nucleosides, including adenosine, and are inhibited by nanomolar concentrations of NBMPR.	Adenosine	123-132	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-62
9636230-0	1998	Adenosine acts by A1 receptors to stimulate release of prolactin from anterior-pituitaries in vitro.	Adenosine	0-9	prolactin	Homo sapiens	55-64
9739997-1	1998	Adenosine kinase (AK) inhibitors potentiate the actions of endogenous adenosine (ADO) and ameliorate cerebral ischemic damage in animal models.	Adenosine	70-79	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-16
9739997-1	1998	Adenosine kinase (AK) inhibitors potentiate the actions of endogenous adenosine (ADO) and ameliorate cerebral ischemic damage in animal models.	Adenosine	70-79	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	18-20
9739997-1	1998	Adenosine kinase (AK) inhibitors potentiate the actions of endogenous adenosine (ADO) and ameliorate cerebral ischemic damage in animal models.	Adenosine	81-84	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-16
9739997-1	1998	Adenosine kinase (AK) inhibitors potentiate the actions of endogenous adenosine (ADO) and ameliorate cerebral ischemic damage in animal models.	Adenosine	81-84	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	18-20
9739997-6	1998	Taken together, these data demonstrate a marked down-regulation of AK activity during oxygen-glucose deprivation in this in vitro model, providing an endogenous mechanism contributing to the accumulation of extracellular ADO, which exerts neuroprotective effects by activating the ADO A1 receptor.	Adenosine	221-224	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	67-69
9722021-1	1998	The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory activity of adenosine on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), thrombin-, or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced tissue factor (TF) expression on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).	Adenosine	65-74	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	78-105
9722021-1	1998	The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory activity of adenosine on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), thrombin-, or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced tissue factor (TF) expression on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).	Adenosine	65-74	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	107-110
9722021-1	1998	The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory activity of adenosine on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), thrombin-, or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced tissue factor (TF) expression on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).	Adenosine	65-74	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	113-121
9716359-9	1998	The present results suggest that low-dose nicorandil modifies the response to adenosine in interaction with low levels of endogenous neuropeptides such as VIP and CGRP, and that the reciprocal interaction is mediated partly through K(ATP) channel activation in vascular smooth muscle.	Adenosine	78-87	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	155-158
9781834-0	1998	Involvement of adenosine in vanadate-stimulated release of lipoprotein lipase activity.	Adenosine	15-24	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	59-77
9754923-3	1998	The adenosine-induced inhibition was however more pronounced after exposure to fMLP than to IgG-yeast.	Adenosine	4-13	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	79-83
9754923-4	1998	Stimulation with fMLP caused an extracellular accumulation of endogenous adenosine, which indicates that this event is a negative-feedback mechanism preventing an uncontrolled activation of chemoattractant-stimulated neutrophils.	Adenosine	73-82	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	17-21
9674467-12	1998	CONCLUSIONS: Substance P-mediated pulmonary vasodilation is absent in patients with systemic sclerosis, suggesting that endothelial dysfunction occurs early in the course of the illness, but some responsiveness to adenosine remains.	Adenosine	214-223	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	13-24
9698510-0	1998	Adenosine reduces cardiac TNF-alpha production and human myocardial injury following ischemia-reperfusion.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	26-35
9694570-6	1998	In contrast, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, adenosine, serotonin, and dopamine increase adrenal interleukin-6 release, but inhibit tumor necrosis factor release.	Adenosine	43-52	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	95-108
9698510-3	1998	In this regard, adenosine (ADO) has been reported to reduce macrophage TNF-alpha production.	Adenosine	16-25	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	71-80
9698510-3	1998	In this regard, adenosine (ADO) has been reported to reduce macrophage TNF-alpha production.	Adenosine	27-30	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	71-80
9698510-8	1998	ADO pretreatment decreased ischemia-induced rat myocardial TNF-alpha production (356 +/- 107 pg/g; P < 0.05) and increased postischemic DF of human myocardium to 39 +/- 3% BDF (P < 0.05.	Adenosine	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	59-68
9573526-0	1998	A novel frameshift mutation induced by an adenosine insertion in the polycystic kidney disease 2 (PKD2) gene.	Adenosine	42-51	polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel	Homo sapiens	69-96
9522376-8	1998	The present results show that DARPP-32 phosphorylation in the striatum is stimulated by adenosine, acting on A2A receptors, and dopamine, acting on D1 receptors, and that cyclic AMP is the mediator in both cases.	Adenosine	88-97	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1B	Rattus norvegicus	30-38
9573526-0	1998	A novel frameshift mutation induced by an adenosine insertion in the polycystic kidney disease 2 (PKD2) gene.	Adenosine	42-51	polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel	Homo sapiens	98-102
9522376-9	1998	Our data also suggest that dopamine and adenosine regulate the state of phosphorylation of DARPP-32 in distinct sub-populations of medium-sized spiny neurons expressing dopamine D1 and adenosine A2A receptors, respectively.	Adenosine	40-49	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1B	Rattus norvegicus	91-99
9541494-0	1998	Endogenous adenosine inhibits P-selectin-dependent formation of coronary thromboemboli during hypoperfusion in dogs.	Adenosine	11-20	selectin P	Canis lupus familiaris	30-40
9548924-6	1998	Analysis of the relaxation data indicates substantial chemical exchange for the adenosine residues in the UM TpA site, and this chemical exchange is quenched upon MAf formation.	Adenosine	80-89	MAF bZIP transcription factor	Homo sapiens	163-166
9541494-9	1998	Adenosine inhibited the thrombin-induced expression of P-selectin on platelet and neutrophil- platelet adhesion via adenosine A2 receptors.	Adenosine	0-9	selectin P	Canis lupus familiaris	55-65
9541494-10	1998	Adenosine appears to inhibit the formation of thromboemboli during coronary hypoperfusion by suppressing the expression of P-selectin on platelets and neutrophil-platelet adhesion.	Adenosine	0-9	selectin P	Canis lupus familiaris	123-133
9528763-1	1998	RNA editing at adenosine 1012 (amber/W site) in the antigenomic RNA of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) allows two essential forms of the viral protein, hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg), to be synthesized from a single open reading frame.	Adenosine	15-24	delta antigen	Hepatitis delta virus	148-178
9614697-4	1998	Serratia PNP had ten times the affinity for adenosine and deoxyadenosine than for inosine and deoxyinosine in a pattern characteristic of bacterial PNP.	Adenosine	44-53	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	9-12
9614697-4	1998	Serratia PNP had ten times the affinity for adenosine and deoxyadenosine than for inosine and deoxyinosine in a pattern characteristic of bacterial PNP.	Adenosine	44-53	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	148-151
9497362-8	1998	The addition of exogenous ATP or adenosine induces dose-dependent activation of JNK/SAPK.	Adenosine	33-42	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	80-88
9497362-9	1998	These results indicate that stretch activates JNK/SAPK in vascular smooth muscle cells through mechanisms involving autocrine stimulation of purinoceptors by ATP and its hydrolyzed product adenosine.	Adenosine	189-198	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	46-49
9497362-9	1998	These results indicate that stretch activates JNK/SAPK in vascular smooth muscle cells through mechanisms involving autocrine stimulation of purinoceptors by ATP and its hydrolyzed product adenosine.	Adenosine	189-198	mitogen-activated protein kinase 9	Homo sapiens	50-54
9539153-4	1998	The stable PGI2 analog iloprost, like other cAMP-raising agents (forskolin and adenosine), caused an acute dose-dependent increase in vWf release and potentiated the secretory response to thrombin.	Adenosine	79-88	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	134-137
9539153-4	1998	The stable PGI2 analog iloprost, like other cAMP-raising agents (forskolin and adenosine), caused an acute dose-dependent increase in vWf release and potentiated the secretory response to thrombin.	Adenosine	79-88	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	188-196
9466971-1	1998	We tested the hypothesis that endogenous angiotensin II participates in the direct and reflex effects of adenosine on the sympathetic nervous system.	Adenosine	105-114	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	41-55
9518618-5	1998	The activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA), one of the enzymes involved in adenosine metabolism, were measured in the four regions of the guinea pig.	Adenosine	18-27	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	39-42
9518618-7	1998	These regional differences in ADA activities are in good agreement with the regional differences in the ratio of inosine plus hypoxanthine levels to adenosine during complete ischemia.	Adenosine	149-158	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	30-33
9518618-9	1998	), an ADA inhibitor, caused a significant increase of adenosine and decrease of inosine formation in all four regions and a drastic effect on the cerebellum with high ADA activity compared with the other regions in the guinea pig brain.	Adenosine	54-63	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	6-9
9518618-10	1998	These results indicate that the changes in concentrations of adenosine and its metabolites (inosine and hypoxanthine) during complete ischemia depend on ADA activity in each brain region.	Adenosine	61-70	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	153-156
9518635-2	1998	The inhibitory effect of adenosine on the postganglionic compound action potential (CAP) was antagonized by pretreatment of ganglia with forskolin, isoproterenol (IPNE), arginine vasopressin (AVP), or papaverine, all of which are known to increase tissue cAMP level by different mechanisms.	Adenosine	25-34	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	179-190
9494021-0	1998	Adenosine inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the failing human heart.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	59-86
9494021-2	1998	Recent studies have shown that adenosine inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of TNF-alpha in macrophages and rat cardiomyocytes.	Adenosine	31-40	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	97-106
9494021-9	1998	Adenosine (10 micromol/L) decreased TNF-alpha by 40% (P<.05).	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	36-45
9494021-10	1998	The selective adenosine A2 receptor agonist DPMA (10 micromol/L) decreased TNF-alpha release by 87% (P<.001), whereas ITu (10 micromol/L), an adenosine-regulating agent that increases endogenous adenosine concentration, inhibited TNF-alpha release by 93% (P<.001).	Adenosine	14-23	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	75-84
9494021-11	1998	CONCLUSIONS: Adenosine can significantly diminish TNF levels in the failing human heart and may represent a new pharmacological intervention in congestive heart failure.	Adenosine	13-22	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	50-53
9466971-6	1998	The sympatho-excitatory reflex elicited by adenosine is mediated through pathways involving the angiotensin II type I receptor.	Adenosine	43-52	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	96-110
9466971-7	1998	Interactions between adenosine and angiotensin II may assume importance during ischemia or congestive heart failure and could contribute to the benefit of converting enzyme inhibition in these conditions.	Adenosine	21-30	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	35-49
9548370-2	1998	In this study, we investigated the effects of adenosine on neutrophil actin polymerization elicited by the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) or IgG-opsonized yeast particles.	Adenosine	46-55	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	168-172
9464280-6	1998	In addition, adenosine increased intracellular cAMP level in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited protein tyrosine phosphorylation including that of ERK-2.	Adenosine	13-22	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	150-155
9473633-4	1998	Adenosine could increase PPF in juvenile slices under conditions of enhanced transmitter release, through an increase in the bath Ca2+ concentration, or addition of forskolin to the bath.	Adenosine	0-9	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	130-133
9440704-0	1998	Adenosine inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	68-95
9440704-3	1998	TNF-alpha expression by macrophages is diminished by adenosine.	Adenosine	53-62	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
9440704-9	1998	Adenosine decreased TNF-alpha in a dose-dependent manner (1 to 100 micromol/L, 37% to 65% decrease, P<.01).	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	20-29
9440704-10	1998	Adenosine also decreased TNF-alpha in cell homogenates by 78% (P<.0001).	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	25-34
9440704-13	1998	Adenosine also inhibited TNF-alpha in adult rat ventricular myocytes (-60%, P<.005) and rat papillary muscles (-55%, P<.05).	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	25-34
9440704-15	1998	Our results demonstrate that adenosine can significantly diminish TNF-alpha levels in the heart.	Adenosine	29-38	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	66-75
9781317-4	1998	The studies presented here demonstrate that endogenous adenosine via A1-adenosine receptors is able to directly stimulate insulin-mediated glucose transport in oxidative muscle cells during contractions.	Adenosine	55-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	122-129
9497087-5	1998	Adenosine could increase PPF in juvenile slices under conditions of enhanced transmitter release, through an increase in the bath Ca2+ concentration, or addition of forskolin to the bath.	Adenosine	0-9	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	130-133
9781317-5	1998	In addition, adenosine may further contribute to stimulation of muscle glucose uptake during contractions by increasing blood flow and thereby targetting glucose and insulin delivery to active muscle fibres.	Adenosine	13-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	166-173
9781317-6	1998	Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that adenosine via A1- and A2-receptors may inhibit glycogen breakdown in oxidative muscle tissue which during contractions is simultaneously exposed to insulin and beta-adrenergic stimulation.	Adenosine	43-52	insulin	Homo sapiens	191-198
9414275-12	1998	ATP-induced vWF release was partly inhibited by adenosine deaminase, which degrades adenosine generated from ATP in the incubation medium.	Adenosine	48-57	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	12-15
9414275-13	1998	Adenosine (1 to 100 micromol/L) failed to induce vWF release, but potentiated the secretory response to 2-methylthio-ATP and thrombin without modifying the calcium response to these agents.	Adenosine	0-9	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	125-133
9585135-5	1998	In rat adipocytes, which represent the physiological target cells of insulin, receptor-mediated activation of GTP-binding protein by adenosine and prostaglandin E2 potentiated the insulin-induced PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 accumulation.	Adenosine	133-142	insulin	Homo sapiens	69-76
9595413-9	1998	High doses of ET-1 activated the metabolic compensatory mechanisms of the myocardium and thereby increased the release of adenine nucleosides into the venous blood of the heart.	Adenosine	122-141	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	14-18
9375692-2	1997	Both adenosine and an adenosine A1 receptor agonist, 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine, decreased extracellular 5-HT levels, whereas an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine (CPT), and caffeine increased these levels.	Adenosine	5-14	adenosine A1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	135-156
9550406-6	1997	However, the mutated CD26 transfectants were much more sensitive to the inhibitory effect of adenosine on IL-2 production than were the wild CD26 transfectants.	Adenosine	93-102	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	106-110
9401955-3	1997	Subsequently, cirsimarin, a flavonoid, was isolated as the active component and was shown to function as adenosine antagonist at the adenosine-A1 receptor in-vitro.	Adenosine	105-114	adenosine A1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	133-154
9396481-4	1997	Adenosine-induced ischemic cardiac pain is mediated primarily by stimulation of A1 receptors located in cardiac nerve endings and is potentiated by substance P.	Adenosine	0-9	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	148-159
9362348-6	1997	Simultaneous administration of adenosine, a reliable hepatoprotector that readily prevents the onset of liver fibrosis, was able to block the oxidative stress induced by the long-term CCl4 treatment but elicited a selective subcellular distribution of increased LP, similar to that found during LR.	Adenosine	31-40	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	184-188
9497488-0	1997	Adenosine decreases post-ischaemic cardiac TNF-alpha production: anti-inflammatory implications for preconditioning and transplantation.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	43-52
9497488-7	1997	Adenosine decreased cardiac TNF-alpha and improved post-ischaemic functional recovery.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	28-37
9497488-8	1997	This study demonstrates that: first, I/R induces an increase in cardiac tissue TNF-alpha in a crystalloid-perfused model: second, adenosine decreases cardiac TNF-alpha and improves post-ischaemic myocardial function; third, decreased cardiac TNF-alpha may represent a mechanism by which adenosine protects myocardium; and fourth, adenosine-induced suppression of cardiac TNF-alpha may provide an anti-inflammatory link to preconditioning and have implications for cardiac allograft preservation.	Adenosine	130-139	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	79-88
9497488-8	1997	This study demonstrates that: first, I/R induces an increase in cardiac tissue TNF-alpha in a crystalloid-perfused model: second, adenosine decreases cardiac TNF-alpha and improves post-ischaemic myocardial function; third, decreased cardiac TNF-alpha may represent a mechanism by which adenosine protects myocardium; and fourth, adenosine-induced suppression of cardiac TNF-alpha may provide an anti-inflammatory link to preconditioning and have implications for cardiac allograft preservation.	Adenosine	130-139	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	158-167
9497488-8	1997	This study demonstrates that: first, I/R induces an increase in cardiac tissue TNF-alpha in a crystalloid-perfused model: second, adenosine decreases cardiac TNF-alpha and improves post-ischaemic myocardial function; third, decreased cardiac TNF-alpha may represent a mechanism by which adenosine protects myocardium; and fourth, adenosine-induced suppression of cardiac TNF-alpha may provide an anti-inflammatory link to preconditioning and have implications for cardiac allograft preservation.	Adenosine	130-139	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	158-167
9497488-8	1997	This study demonstrates that: first, I/R induces an increase in cardiac tissue TNF-alpha in a crystalloid-perfused model: second, adenosine decreases cardiac TNF-alpha and improves post-ischaemic myocardial function; third, decreased cardiac TNF-alpha may represent a mechanism by which adenosine protects myocardium; and fourth, adenosine-induced suppression of cardiac TNF-alpha may provide an anti-inflammatory link to preconditioning and have implications for cardiac allograft preservation.	Adenosine	130-139	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	158-167
9374680-5	1997	IL-1 beta also reduced the labeling of phosphoinositide substrates; however, this effect was insufficient to explain the inhibition of PLC, since the effects on substrate labeling, but not on PLC, were prevented by coprovision of guanosine or adenosine.	Adenosine	243-252	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	0-9
9374680-8	1997	The latter correlated best with IL-1 beta"s effect to impede phosphoinositide synthesis, since it also was reversed by guanosine or adenosine.	Adenosine	132-141	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	32-41
9357781-3	1997	Adenosine"s actions were further studied with nonpigmented ciliary epithelial (NPE) cells from continuous human HCE and ODM lines and freshly dissected bovine cells.	Adenosine	0-9	RNA guanylyltransferase and 5'-phosphatase	Homo sapiens	112-115
9369970-15	1997	Adenosine agonists also depressed the release of the potentially toxic cytokine TNF alpha and induced programmed cell death in immunologically activated microglial cells.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	80-89
9813494-2	1997	The results showed that acute anoxia induced a rapid increase of [Ca2+]i in hippocampal CA1 neurons, and this increase could be attenuated by 100 mumol/L adenosine significantly.	Adenosine	154-163	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
9326397-7	1997	Therefore, following injury, accumulation of interleukin-6 can lead to production by alkaline phosphatase of adenosine and subsequent protection from ischemic injury.	Adenosine	109-118	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	45-58
9380032-2	1997	We determined whether this 11-fold difference in potency of adenosine is due to the existence of a greater A1 adenosine receptor reserve for the inhibition of beta-ICa,L than for the activation of IKAdo.	Adenosine	60-69	adenosine receptor A1	Cavia porcellus	107-128
9380026-1	1997	The A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) contributes to several cardiovascular effects of adenosine, including antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects.	Adenosine	7-16	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	27-31
9813494-4	1997	These results suggest that adenosine activates 4-AP- or ATP-sensitive potassium channels through A1 receptors, and consequently inhibits the [Ca2+]i elevation in hippocampal neurons during anoxia.	Adenosine	27-36	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	142-145
9305964-3	1997	Human purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) is highly specific for 6-oxopurine nucleosides with a catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) for inosine 350000-fold greater than for adenosine.	Adenosine	170-179	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	6-37
9323075-5	1997	Coronary flow reserve was obtained from the ratio of adenosine-induced (0.14 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1) I.V.)	Adenosine	53-62	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	91-97
9305964-3	1997	Human purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) is highly specific for 6-oxopurine nucleosides with a catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) for inosine 350000-fold greater than for adenosine.	Adenosine	170-179	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	39-42
9305964-11	1997	Furthermore, the Asn243Asp mutant showed a 2.4-fold preference for adenosine relative to inosine and a 800000-fold change in substrate specificity (kcat/KM) relative to wild-type PNP.	Adenosine	67-76	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	179-182
9305964-12	1997	The double mutant, Asn243Asp::Glu201Gln, exhibited a 190-fold increase in catalytic efficiency with adenosine relative to wild-type PNP, a 480-fold preference for adenosine relative to inosine, and a 1.7 x 10(8)-fold change in preference for adenosine over inosine relative to wild-type PNP.	Adenosine	100-109	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	287-290
9305964-12	1997	The double mutant, Asn243Asp::Glu201Gln, exhibited a 190-fold increase in catalytic efficiency with adenosine relative to wild-type PNP, a 480-fold preference for adenosine relative to inosine, and a 1.7 x 10(8)-fold change in preference for adenosine over inosine relative to wild-type PNP.	Adenosine	163-172	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	132-135
9305964-12	1997	The double mutant, Asn243Asp::Glu201Gln, exhibited a 190-fold increase in catalytic efficiency with adenosine relative to wild-type PNP, a 480-fold preference for adenosine relative to inosine, and a 1.7 x 10(8)-fold change in preference for adenosine over inosine relative to wild-type PNP.	Adenosine	163-172	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	132-135
9329704-5	1997	Adenosine depressed their proliferation rate and transformation into macrophages, their particularly high formation of reactive oxygen intermediates and the release of the cytokine TNF-alpha.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	181-190
9342249-1	1997	Adenosine kinase (AK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of adenosine to AMP with ATP as phosphate donor.	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
9342249-1	1997	Adenosine kinase (AK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of adenosine to AMP with ATP as phosphate donor.	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-20
9282937-0	1997	Stimulation of interleukin-6 secretion and gene transcription in primary astrocytes by adenosine.	Adenosine	87-96	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	15-28
9282937-3	1997	Adenosine stimulated IL-6 secretion in primary astrocytes four- to 10-fold.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	21-25
9282937-10	1997	Thus, an increase of extracellular adenosine during focal cerebral ischemia may stimulate IL-6 expression via A2b receptors.	Adenosine	35-44	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	90-94
9373783-3	1997	As somatostatin is a repressor of cell growth, and adenosine is a potent inducer of the somatostatin gene, we investigated the putative involvement of somatostatin in the cardiovascular effects of DPSPX.	Adenosine	51-60	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	88-100
9405935-6	1997	The catalytic activity of NPIK was augmented by Triton X-100, and was reduced in the presence of adenosine.	Adenosine	97-106	phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase beta	Homo sapiens	26-30
9277483-12	1997	In tandem with 5"-nucleotidase, it produces adenosine, a powerful vasodilator, especially in hypoxic or ischemic conditions that favor the release of ATP.	Adenosine	44-53	5'-nucleotidase	Bos taurus	15-30
9278212-1	1997	AIMS: Objective of this study was to investigate whether adenosine modulates renal erythropoietin production.	Adenosine	57-66	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	83-97
9373783-3	1997	As somatostatin is a repressor of cell growth, and adenosine is a potent inducer of the somatostatin gene, we investigated the putative involvement of somatostatin in the cardiovascular effects of DPSPX.	Adenosine	51-60	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	88-100
9373783-14	1997	The results are compatible with the involvement of somatostatin in the long-term cardiovascular effects of adenosine.	Adenosine	107-116	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	51-63
9302361-10	1997	CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that adenosine acts on A2 receptors and augments NO synthesis in interleukin-1 beta-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells, at least partially through a cAMP-dependent pathway.	Adenosine	41-50	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	101-119
9223456-5	1997	The potency order for the induction of fMLP-stimulated beta-glucuronidase release by adenine nucleotides and adenosine was ATPgammaS > or = ATP > ADP > AMP = Adenosine approximately 0.	Adenosine	109-118	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	39-43
9223456-5	1997	The potency order for the induction of fMLP-stimulated beta-glucuronidase release by adenine nucleotides and adenosine was ATPgammaS > or = ATP > ADP > AMP = Adenosine approximately 0.	Adenosine	167-176	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	39-43
9302361-5	1997	The interleukin-1 beta-induced nitrite production by vascular smooth muscle cells was significantly increased by adenosine or its stable analogue, 2-chloroadenosine, in a dose-dependent manner.	Adenosine	113-122	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	4-22
9298923-0	1997	Diadenosine polyphosphates inhibit adenosine kinase activity but decrease levels of endogenous adenosine in rat brain.	Adenosine	2-11	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	35-51
9298923-1	1997	Findings in peripheral tissues that diadenosine polyphosphates (Ap(n)As) activate 5"-nucleotidase activity and inhibit adenosine kinase activity in vitro led us to test the hypothesis that Ap(n)As and analogues thereof, through such actions on purine enzymes, increase brain levels of endogenous adenosine in vivo.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	119-135
9298923-8	1997	Although adenosine kinase inhibitors increase levels of endogenous adenosine and we showed here that Ap(n)As were potent inhibitors of this enzyme, these particular actions of Ap(n)As were not consistent with their effects on levels of endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	67-76	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	9-25
9249475-3	1997	The interleukin-1 beta-induced nitrite production by cardiac myocytes was significantly increased by adenosine or its stable analog 2-chloroadenosine in a dose-dependent manner (10(-7)-10(-4) M).	Adenosine	101-110	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	4-22
9249475-8	1997	These results indicate that adenosine acts on A2 receptors and augments NO synthesis in interleukin-1 beta-stimulated cardiac myocytes, at least partially through a cAMP-dependent pathway.	Adenosine	28-37	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	88-106
9144513-0	1997	Adenosine metabolism during phorbol myristate acetate-mediated induction of HL-60 cell differentiation: changes in expression pattern of adenosine kinase, adenosine deaminase, and 5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	137-153
9208037-2	1997	At lower doses (< 100 micrograms kg-1 min-1), adenosine has shown to have an analgesic effect.	Adenosine	49-58	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	41-46
9208037-10	1997	When adenosine was infused (84 +/- 7 micrograms kg-1 min-1.)	Adenosine	5-14	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	53-58
9237551-0	1997	Substance P releases and augments the morphine-evoked release of adenosine from spinal cord.	Adenosine	65-74	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	0-11
9237551-1	1997	The effects of substance P on the morphine-evoked release of adenosine were examined.	Adenosine	61-70	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	15-26
9237551-2	1997	Substance P alone produced a multiphasic effect on release of adenosine, with release occurring at low nanomolar concentrations and at a micromolar concentration, but not at intermediate concentrations.	Adenosine	62-71	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	0-11
9237551-3	1997	An inactive dose of substance P augmented the morphine-evoked release of adenosine at a nanomolar concentration of morphine.	Adenosine	73-82	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	20-31
9237551-4	1997	Release of adenosine by substance P alone (1 nM) or substance P/morphine (100 nM/10 nM) was Ca2(+)-dependent and originated from capsaicin-sensitive nerve terminals.	Adenosine	11-20	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	24-35
9237551-4	1997	Release of adenosine by substance P alone (1 nM) or substance P/morphine (100 nM/10 nM) was Ca2(+)-dependent and originated from capsaicin-sensitive nerve terminals.	Adenosine	11-20	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	52-63
9144513-6	1997	The metabolism of adenosine either through phosphorylation (AK) or deamination (ADA) was reduced in PMA-stimulated cells.	Adenosine	18-27	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	60-62
9144513-8	1997	The inhibition of AK by 5"-iodotubercidin further increased adenosine formation by 6-fold over that in untreated cells.	Adenosine	60-69	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-20
9087626-9	1997	The results suggest that Na+/H+ exchange and PLA2 are involved in adenosine-induced DNA synthesis in cultures of human endothelial cells independently of adenosine receptor, PKA, or PKC activation.	Adenosine	66-75	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	45-49
9108793-8	1997	After RNA from CMK 11-5 cells was microinjected into Xenopus oocytes, only ADP and ADP-alpha-S stimulated 45Ca2+ efflux, which was not observed with ATP, 2-methylthio-ATP, alpha, beta-methylene-ATP, ATP-gamma-S, ATP-alpha-S, or adenosine.	Adenosine	228-237	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9	Homo sapiens	15-18
12687050-1	1997	The influence of adenosine (1.0 &mgr;M) on generation of reactive oxygen species and myeloperoxidase activity of adherent phagocytes from healthy donors and asthmatic patients was studied in vitro.	Adenosine	17-26	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	89-104
12687050-2	1997	Adenosine enhanced NADP-oxidase activity and inhibited myeloperoxidase in leukocytes from healthy donors.	Adenosine	0-9	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	55-70
9126325-5	1997	The potency order for the induction of fMLP-stimulated beta-glucuronidase release by adenine nucleotides and adenosine was ATP gamma S > 3 ATP > ADP > AMP = Adenosine approximately 0.	Adenosine	109-118	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	39-43
9126325-5	1997	The potency order for the induction of fMLP-stimulated beta-glucuronidase release by adenine nucleotides and adenosine was ATP gamma S > 3 ATP > ADP > AMP = Adenosine approximately 0.	Adenosine	166-175	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	39-43
9079155-2	1997	Adenosine infusion was given intravenously to 12 volunteers in the antecubital vein with infusion rates increasing from 20 to 100 micrograms kg-1 min-1.	Adenosine	0-9	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	146-151
9260879-7	1997	A large increase in collagenase activity occurred, and depending on the concentration of the adenosine analogue and the length of treatment, this change in activity could be shown to be due to one or a combination of the following factors: an increased synthesis of the collagenase protein, a decreased production of TIMP-1 or an increased activity of the collagenase superactivator, stromelysin.	Adenosine	93-102	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	317-323
9179586-0	1997	Roles of purine nucleotides and adenosine in enhancing NOS II gene expression in interleukin-1 beta-stimulated rat vascular smooth muscle cells.	Adenosine	32-41	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	81-99
9179586-5	1997	8-(p-Sulfophenyl)-theophylline, a blocker of adenosine receptors, suppressed the enhanced NO production by adenosine and ADP to the level of that with IL-1 beta alone.	Adenosine	45-54	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	151-160
9141527-0	1997	Cellular insulin resistance in adipocytes from obese polycystic ovary syndrome subjects involves adenosine modulation of insulin sensitivity.	Adenosine	97-106	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
9141527-0	1997	Cellular insulin resistance in adipocytes from obese polycystic ovary syndrome subjects involves adenosine modulation of insulin sensitivity.	Adenosine	97-106	insulin	Homo sapiens	121-128
9141527-9	1997	In addition, this insulin resistance involves an impairment of the system by which adenosine acts to modulate insulin signal transduction.	Adenosine	83-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
9141527-9	1997	In addition, this insulin resistance involves an impairment of the system by which adenosine acts to modulate insulin signal transduction.	Adenosine	83-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	110-117
9087626-4	1997	Adenosine-induced DNA synthesis was inhibited 81% by 100 microM 5"-(N,N-dimethyl)amiloride, an inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchange, and was totally inhibited by 10 microM 2",4"-dibromoacetophenone, an inhibitor of phospholipase A2 (PLA2).	Adenosine	0-9	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	207-223
9087626-4	1997	Adenosine-induced DNA synthesis was inhibited 81% by 100 microM 5"-(N,N-dimethyl)amiloride, an inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchange, and was totally inhibited by 10 microM 2",4"-dibromoacetophenone, an inhibitor of phospholipase A2 (PLA2).	Adenosine	0-9	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	225-229
9126707-0	1997	Adenosine increases interleukin 6 release and decreases tumour necrosis factor release from rat adrenal zona glomerulosa cells, ovarian cells, anterior pituitary cells, and peritoneal macrophages.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	20-33
9126707-0	1997	Adenosine increases interleukin 6 release and decreases tumour necrosis factor release from rat adrenal zona glomerulosa cells, ovarian cells, anterior pituitary cells, and peritoneal macrophages.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	56-78
9126707-1	1997	Adenosine modifies interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) release from immune tissues.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	19-32
9126707-1	1997	Adenosine modifies interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) release from immune tissues.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
9126707-1	1997	Adenosine modifies interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) release from immune tissues.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	44-66
9076391-13	1997	CONCLUSION: In combination with transoesophageal Doppler echocardiography, a short-lasting adenosine infusion at a rate of 140 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 seems to be preferable to an adenosine bolus and dipyridamole infusion.	Adenosine	91-100	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	143-148
9126707-1	1997	Adenosine modifies interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) release from immune tissues.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
9126707-3	1997	Adenosine increased basal IL-6 release and decreased basal TNF release from adrenal zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata/reticularis cells.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
9126707-3	1997	Adenosine increased basal IL-6 release and decreased basal TNF release from adrenal zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata/reticularis cells.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
9126707-6	1997	Adenosine augmented adrenal IL-6 release stimulated by endotoxin (LPS), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and angiotensin II.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
9126707-6	1997	Adenosine augmented adrenal IL-6 release stimulated by endotoxin (LPS), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and angiotensin II.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	72-90
9126707-6	1997	Adenosine augmented adrenal IL-6 release stimulated by endotoxin (LPS), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and angiotensin II.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	92-101
9126707-6	1997	Adenosine augmented adrenal IL-6 release stimulated by endotoxin (LPS), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and angiotensin II.	Adenosine	0-9	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	138-152
9126707-7	1997	LPS- and IL-1 beta-stimulated adrenal TNF release was inhibited by adenosine.	Adenosine	67-76	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	9-18
9126707-7	1997	LPS- and IL-1 beta-stimulated adrenal TNF release was inhibited by adenosine.	Adenosine	67-76	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
9126707-8	1997	Adenosine increased IL-6 release and inhibited TNF release from ovarian cells.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	20-24
9126707-8	1997	Adenosine increased IL-6 release and inhibited TNF release from ovarian cells.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
9126707-10	1997	Adenosine, via A2 receptors, stimulated IL-6 secretion from these cells.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
9126707-11	1997	Peritoneal macrophage IL-6 release was increased and TNF release decreased by adenosine.	Adenosine	78-87	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
9126707-12	1997	Thus, in immune and endocrine tissues, adenosine increases IL-6 release, but inhibits TNF release.	Adenosine	39-48	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	59-63
9126707-12	1997	Thus, in immune and endocrine tissues, adenosine increases IL-6 release, but inhibits TNF release.	Adenosine	39-48	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
9058608-2	1997	Adenosine and its analogue N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) had different effects on Na+/H+ exchange activity depending on the side of addition.	Adenosine	0-9	carboxypeptidase A1	Homo sapiens	27-56
9066783-6	1997	Studies with highly specific A1- and A2a-adenosine receptor agonists provide indirect evidence that binding of adenosine activates Gs and Gi, after which Gs alpha interacts with beta gamma subunits released from Gi.	Adenosine	41-50	GNAS complex locus	Homo sapiens	154-162
9042424-1	1997	Recent studies have demonstrated the inhibitory effect of exogenous adenosine on TNF production.	Adenosine	68-77	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	81-84
9070863-1	1997	Adenosine kinase is ubiquitous in eukaryotes and is a key enzyme in the regulation of the intracellular levels of adenosine, an important physiological effector of many cells and tissues.	Adenosine	114-123	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
9070863-5	1997	We have expressed both forms in E. coli and produced soluble active enzyme which catalyzes the phosphorylation of adenosine with high specific activity in vitro and is susceptible to known adenosine kinase inhibitors.	Adenosine	114-123	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	189-205
9012674-7	1997	From the Michaelis to the transition state analogue complex, rotation between two halves of ecDHFR, the adenosine binding subdomain and loop subdomain, closes the (p-aminobenzoyl)glutamate (pABG) binding crevice by approximately 0.5 A.	Adenosine	104-113	dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli	92-98
9248564-12	1997	Clinical studies have revealed that adenosine administration by bolus injection or by infusion at doses above 70 micrograms x kg-1 x min-1 is associated with pain symptoms from different parts of the body.	Adenosine	36-45	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	133-138
9042424-2	1997	During inflammation endogenous adenosine levels are elevated and may be one of several anti-inflammatory mediators that reduce TNF synthesis.	Adenosine	31-40	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	127-130
9042424-4	1997	The effect of endogenous adenosine on TNF formation was studied by four different approaches.	Adenosine	25-34	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	38-41
9042424-8	1997	Second, TNF production was determined after stimulation in the presence of dipyridamole, an inhibitor of cellular re-uptake of adenosine which increases extracellular concentrations.	Adenosine	127-136	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	8-11
9042424-13	1997	The authors conclude that endogenous adenosine controls TNF production.	Adenosine	37-46	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	56-59
9042424-14	1997	This effect of adenosine may not only have a physiological role but also appears to contribute to the pharmacological inhibition of TNF synthesis by exogenous agents such as the specific type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram.	Adenosine	15-24	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	132-135
9272379-0	1997	Role of adenosine in the hypoxic induction of vascular endothelial growth factor in porcine brain derived microvascular endothelial cells.	Adenosine	8-17	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	46-80
9110121-2	1997	In many models, adenosine plays a role by triggering the activation of protein kinase C. It may work in conjunction with other agents, such as bradykinin, but the putative role of noradrenaline is uncertain.	Adenosine	16-25	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	143-153
9435952-10	1997	These and other findings support the concept that adenosine as a metabolic mediator may couple energy metabolism (ATP hydrolysis for tubular Na+ transport) with the control of renin secretion and GFR.	Adenosine	50-59	renin	Homo sapiens	176-181
8978323-7	1997	The major new findings in this study are that in healthy humans (1) renal cortical blood flow decreases (basal versus handgrip, 4.4 +/- 0.1 versus 3.5 +/- 0.1 mL.min-1.g-1; P = .008) and renal cortical vascular resistance increases (basal versus handgrip, 17 +/- 1 versus 26 +/- 2 U; P = .01) in response to static handgrip exercise; (2) central command and/or the mechanoreflex contributes importantly to the early decrease in renal blood flow (basal versus handgrip, 4.2 +/- 0.2 versus 3.5 +/- 0.3 mL.min-1.g-1; P = .04) and to the increase in renal cortical vascular resistance (basal versus handgrip, 20 +/- 1 versus 25 +/- 2 U; P = .04); (3) the muscle metaboreflex contributes to further decreases in renal blood flow (basal versus posthandgrip circulatory arrest, 4.3 +/- 0.1 versus 3.5 +/- 0.2 mL.min-1.g-1; P = .002) and increases in renal cortical vascular resistance (basal versus handgrip, 18 +/- 1 versus 25 +/- 3 U; P = .002); and (4) exogenous adenosine activates the muscle metaboreflex producing reflex renal vasoconstriction and decreased renal blood flow, which may implicate endogenous adenosine generated during ischemic exercise as a potential activator of the muscle metaboreflex during ischemic handgrip exercise.	Adenosine	959-968	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	162-167
8978323-7	1997	The major new findings in this study are that in healthy humans (1) renal cortical blood flow decreases (basal versus handgrip, 4.4 +/- 0.1 versus 3.5 +/- 0.1 mL.min-1.g-1; P = .008) and renal cortical vascular resistance increases (basal versus handgrip, 17 +/- 1 versus 26 +/- 2 U; P = .01) in response to static handgrip exercise; (2) central command and/or the mechanoreflex contributes importantly to the early decrease in renal blood flow (basal versus handgrip, 4.2 +/- 0.2 versus 3.5 +/- 0.3 mL.min-1.g-1; P = .04) and to the increase in renal cortical vascular resistance (basal versus handgrip, 20 +/- 1 versus 25 +/- 2 U; P = .04); (3) the muscle metaboreflex contributes to further decreases in renal blood flow (basal versus posthandgrip circulatory arrest, 4.3 +/- 0.1 versus 3.5 +/- 0.2 mL.min-1.g-1; P = .002) and increases in renal cortical vascular resistance (basal versus handgrip, 18 +/- 1 versus 25 +/- 3 U; P = .002); and (4) exogenous adenosine activates the muscle metaboreflex producing reflex renal vasoconstriction and decreased renal blood flow, which may implicate endogenous adenosine generated during ischemic exercise as a potential activator of the muscle metaboreflex during ischemic handgrip exercise.	Adenosine	1106-1115	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	162-167
9272379-8	1997	This suggestion was supported by the fact that hypoxia as well as adenosine increased the VEGF mRNA expression post-transcriptionally by enhancing the stability of the VEGF mRNA [corrected].	Adenosine	66-75	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	90-94
9272379-8	1997	This suggestion was supported by the fact that hypoxia as well as adenosine increased the VEGF mRNA expression post-transcriptionally by enhancing the stability of the VEGF mRNA [corrected].	Adenosine	66-75	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	168-172
8971428-2	1996	This study was carried out to assess the role of adenosine in the regulation of human erythropoietin (EPO) production.	Adenosine	49-58	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	86-100
9444516-0	1997	Adenosine reduces airway excitatory non-cholinergic (e-NC) contraction through both A1 and A2 adenosine receptor activation in the guinea pig.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine receptor A1	Cavia porcellus	84-112
9106985-6	1997	The activity of adenosine-sensitized afferent nerves may become enhanced by additional stimuli such as potassium, protons, substance P and bradykinin.	Adenosine	16-25	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	123-134
9106985-6	1997	The activity of adenosine-sensitized afferent nerves may become enhanced by additional stimuli such as potassium, protons, substance P and bradykinin.	Adenosine	16-25	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	139-149
8971428-2	1996	This study was carried out to assess the role of adenosine in the regulation of human erythropoietin (EPO) production.	Adenosine	49-58	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	102-105
8937931-6	1996	From the current state of knowledge one cannot conclude that its adenosine-antagonistic activity is the likely mechanism for the control of EPO levels.	Adenosine	65-74	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	140-143
8952703-2	1996	ET-1 was found to be secreted after stimulation with adenosine and ATP.	Adenosine	53-62	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
8952703-4	1996	The stimulation evoked by ATP or adenosine was inhibited by the P1-receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), and in the presence of adenosine deaminase the adenosine- and ATP-mediated ET-1 secretion was abolished.	Adenosine	33-42	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	206-210
8952703-4	1996	The stimulation evoked by ATP or adenosine was inhibited by the P1-receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), and in the presence of adenosine deaminase the adenosine- and ATP-mediated ET-1 secretion was abolished.	Adenosine	154-163	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	206-210
8952703-10	1996	Furthermore, downregulation of PKC decreased the secretion of ET-1 stimulated by adenosine.	Adenosine	81-90	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
8906843-12	1996	The increase in LPS-induced IL-10 production and suppression of LPS-induced TNF-alpha and NO production caused by adenosine receptor activation may explain some of the immunomodulatory actions of adenosine released in excess during inflammatory and/or ischemic insult.	Adenosine	114-123	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	76-85
8937453-4	1996	Rather, the data are consistent with an inhibitory effect of adenosine on the methionine-->cysteine transsulphuration pathway, probably at the level of the enzyme S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase.	Adenosine	61-70	adenosylhomocysteinase	Rattus norvegicus	166-198
8884219-4	1996	The adenosine A3 receptor antagonist BW-1433 dose-dependently reversed this adenosine inhibitory effect on TNF-alpha gene expression.	Adenosine	4-13	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	107-116
9049709-7	1996	A maximal dilator effect in 4th-order arterioles was obtained with 100 ng ml-1 bFGF, when diameters reached 82.6 +/- 2.4% of those with adenosine.	Adenosine	136-145	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	79-83
9863155-1	1996	Our laboratory demonstrated that adenosine inhibits the activation of adenylyl cyclase and the secretion of the alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) from the intermediate lobe of the frog pituitary.	Adenosine	33-42	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	112-148
9863155-1	1996	Our laboratory demonstrated that adenosine inhibits the activation of adenylyl cyclase and the secretion of the alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) from the intermediate lobe of the frog pituitary.	Adenosine	33-42	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	150-159
9863155-2	1996	This paper showed the bioelectric effects induced by adenosine, the ionic conductances modulated by adenosine, and the possible involvement of intracellular messengers, indicated the mechanism by which adenosine controls the secretion of alpha-MSH.	Adenosine	53-62	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	238-247
9863155-2	1996	This paper showed the bioelectric effects induced by adenosine, the ionic conductances modulated by adenosine, and the possible involvement of intracellular messengers, indicated the mechanism by which adenosine controls the secretion of alpha-MSH.	Adenosine	100-109	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	238-247
9863155-2	1996	This paper showed the bioelectric effects induced by adenosine, the ionic conductances modulated by adenosine, and the possible involvement of intracellular messengers, indicated the mechanism by which adenosine controls the secretion of alpha-MSH.	Adenosine	100-109	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	238-247
8917457-3	1996	In view of its central role in adenosine metabolism, which is an important physiological regulator, an understanding of the primary structure of adenosine kinase is of much interest.	Adenosine	31-40	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	145-161
8917457-7	1996	Transfection of an adenosine-kinase-deficient mutant (selected for resistance to the adenosine analog toyocamycin) of Chinese hamster ovary cells with a plasmid containing the cloned adenosine kinase cDNA, leads to regaining of adenosine kinase activity in the transformed cell.	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	183-199
8690791-3	1996	Constriction with angiotensin II (ANG II, 10(-9) M) was attenuated by adenosine in a concentration-dependent manner (EC50 = 2.0 x 10(-7)M, P < 0.05).	Adenosine	70-79	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	18-32
8905708-0	1996	Beta-endorphin but not metenkephalin counteracts adenosine-provoked angina pectoris-like pain.	Adenosine	49-58	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	0-14
8905708-2	1996	infusion of beta-endorphin or metenkephalin can modify adenosine-provoked angina pectoris-like pain was investigated in healthy volunteers with a double-blind controlled design.	Adenosine	55-64	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	12-26
8905708-2	1996	infusion of beta-endorphin or metenkephalin can modify adenosine-provoked angina pectoris-like pain was investigated in healthy volunteers with a double-blind controlled design.	Adenosine	55-64	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	30-43
8701954-2	1996	High-performance liquid chromatography revealed that thrombin-induced serotonin release of adenosine-sensitive platelets was lower than that of adenosine-resistant cells.	Adenosine	91-100	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	53-61
8701954-2	1996	High-performance liquid chromatography revealed that thrombin-induced serotonin release of adenosine-sensitive platelets was lower than that of adenosine-resistant cells.	Adenosine	144-153	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	53-61
8796120-8	1996	Adenosine (100 nM) inhibited this late CD18-dependent/L-selectin-independent phase of adhesion (by 61 +/- 14%, P < 0.05).	Adenosine	0-9	integrin subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	39-43
8796120-12	1996	Inhibition of adhesion by adenosine interferes with L-selectin-independent carbohydrate binding and possibly CD18.	Adenosine	26-35	integrin subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	109-113
8878055-0	1996	Adenosine A2A receptors mediate the inhibitory effect of adenosine on formyl-Met-Leu-Phe-stimulated respiratory burst in neutrophil leucocytes.	Adenosine	57-66	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	70-88
8663304-4	1996	It is activated synergistically by Gsalpha and forskolin and is inhibited by adenosine (P-site) analogs with kinetic patterns that are identical to those displayed by the native enzymes.	Adenosine	77-86	GNAS complex locus	Homo sapiens	35-42
8757959-4	1996	Addition of adenosine and D, L-homocysteine also led to an increase of cellular AdoHcy thus enhancing anti-APO-1-induced killing of L929-APO-1 cells.	Adenosine	12-21	Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6)	Mus musculus	107-112
8757959-4	1996	Addition of adenosine and D, L-homocysteine also led to an increase of cellular AdoHcy thus enhancing anti-APO-1-induced killing of L929-APO-1 cells.	Adenosine	12-21	Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6)	Mus musculus	137-142
8759717-4	1996	Two other nucleotide-hydrolyzing activities were induced on the T cell surface concomitantly with CD38: the human PC-1 molecule, a nucleotide phosphodiesterase/pyrophosphatase that produces AMP from NAD or ADP-ribose, and a nucleotidase that produces adenosine from AMP, but which may be distinct from the CD73 5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	251-260	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	114-118
8770169-8	1996	There was a rise in plasma renin concentration in response to adenosine, reaching levels of statistical significance on study day 1 (15.0 +/- 2.02 to 22.2 +/- 2.00 microU/ml, 1 h postcommencement of adenosine; P < 0.05 vs. saline).	Adenosine	62-71	renin	Homo sapiens	27-32
8770169-8	1996	There was a rise in plasma renin concentration in response to adenosine, reaching levels of statistical significance on study day 1 (15.0 +/- 2.02 to 22.2 +/- 2.00 microU/ml, 1 h postcommencement of adenosine; P < 0.05 vs. saline).	Adenosine	199-208	renin	Homo sapiens	27-32
8864553-0	1996	Synergistic inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation by the novel nitric oxide-donor GEA 3175 and adenosine.	Adenosine	109-118	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	26-34
8864553-7	1996	Thrombin-stimulated rises in the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]i, were dose-dependently inhibited by GEA 3175 and adenosine.	Adenosine	125-134	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	0-8
8864553-10	1996	Simultaneous exposure to GEA 3175 and adenosine nearly abolished both the functional responses (i.e. aggregation and degranulation) and the rises in [Ca2+]i in thrombin-stimulated platelets.	Adenosine	38-47	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	160-168
8886495-12	1996	Although it has been suggested that these endings are activated by bradykinin, recent evidence indicates that they are activated by adenosine released from the ischaemic myocardium.	Adenosine	132-141	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	67-77
8690791-3	1996	Constriction with angiotensin II (ANG II, 10(-9) M) was attenuated by adenosine in a concentration-dependent manner (EC50 = 2.0 x 10(-7)M, P < 0.05).	Adenosine	70-79	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	34-40
8640974-9	1996	For adenosine-induced hyperemia, mean myocardial blood flow was 2.63 +/- 0.75 mL.min-1.g-1 for [13N]ammonia and 2.73 +/- 0.77 mL.min-1.g-1 for [15O]water (P = NS).	Adenosine	4-13	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	81-86
8832217-0	1996	Adenosine kinase inhibitors augment release of adenosine from spinal cord slices.	Adenosine	47-56	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
8672547-0	1996	In vitro effect of adenosine agonist GR79236 on the insulin sensitivity of glucose utilisation in rat soleus and human rectus abdominus muscle.	Adenosine	19-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	52-59
8672547-7	1996	Adenosine agonists may act indirectly to modulate insulin sensitivity of carbohydrate metabolism.	Adenosine	0-9	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
8640974-9	1996	For adenosine-induced hyperemia, mean myocardial blood flow was 2.63 +/- 0.75 mL.min-1.g-1 for [13N]ammonia and 2.73 +/- 0.77 mL.min-1.g-1 for [15O]water (P = NS).	Adenosine	4-13	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	129-134
8662692-1	1996	There is a common polymorphism in the promoter sequence of the human stromelysin-1 gene, with one allele having a run of six adenosines (6A) and the other five adenosines (5A).	Adenosine	125-135	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	69-82
8661511-3	1996	Adenosine and its analogue N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) had different effects on short-circuit current (Isc) depending on the side of addition.	Adenosine	0-9	carboxypeptidase A1	Homo sapiens	27-56
8666814-3	1996	Pre-incubation with adenosine dose-dependently enhanced IL-10 release by TNF stimulated human monocytes (+29, +58, and +116% at 1, 10, and 100 muM, respectively.)	Adenosine	20-29	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	73-76
8666814-4	1996	Adenosine also significantly enhanced IL-10 production after hydrogen peroxide and LPS stimulation and dose-dependently inhibited TNF secretion.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	130-133
8666814-6	1996	Blocking IL-10 with anti-IL-10 mAbs partially restored adenosine-induced TNF inhibition.	Adenosine	55-64	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	73-76
8666814-9	1996	This phenomenon participates in TNF inhibition, a known property of adenosine, but is not mediated through the occupancy of A1 or A2 receptors.	Adenosine	68-77	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	32-35
8662692-1	1996	There is a common polymorphism in the promoter sequence of the human stromelysin-1 gene, with one allele having a run of six adenosines (6A) and the other five adenosines (5A).	Adenosine	160-170	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	69-82
8732271-5	1996	The FMLP-induced synthesis of LTB4 in whole blood pretreated with LPS and TNF-alpha was dose-dependently inhibited by adenosine analogues in the following order of potency; 5"(N-ethyl)carboxamidoadenosine (NECA) approximately equal to CGS 21680 > 2-Cl-adenosine > N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), indicating the involvement of the adenosine A2 receptor subtype.	Adenosine	118-127	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
8617970-0	1996	Inhibition of TNF-alpha expression by adenosine: role of A3 adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	38-47	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	14-23
8617970-1	1996	Adenosine agonists inhibit TNF-alpha production in macrophage and monocytes, but the mechanism is unknown.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	27-36
8967393-4	1996	During the first 5 min of incubation, adenosine production in slices (n = 5) equaled 26 +/- 10 (SD) nmol.min-1.g wet wt-1, and total AMP content was 0.81 +/- 0.46 mM.	Adenosine	38-47	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	105-110
8736640-1	1996	The roles of the endogenous adenosine on acetylcholine release via adenosine A1 receptor were investigated in rat cerebral cortex using brain microdialysis.	Adenosine	28-37	adenosine A1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	67-88
8804974-5	1996	ADA activity in plasma was assayed calorimetrically before and at various intervals after infection by measuring the amount of ammonia produced after adenosine was added to plasma samples.	Adenosine	150-159	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	0-3
8651946-10	1996	Adenosine formed by hydrolysis from ATP and ADP, by contrast, reduces the oxidative bursts and the influx of extracellular calcium induced by fMLP.	Adenosine	0-9	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	142-146
9132158-7	1996	The K(m) of AK for adenosine in presence of 0, 0.1 mM and 2 mM P(i) was estimated to be 1.4 mu M, 0.77 mu M and 0.095 mu M, respectively.	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	12-14
8732271-5	1996	The FMLP-induced synthesis of LTB4 in whole blood pretreated with LPS and TNF-alpha was dose-dependently inhibited by adenosine analogues in the following order of potency; 5"(N-ethyl)carboxamidoadenosine (NECA) approximately equal to CGS 21680 > 2-Cl-adenosine > N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), indicating the involvement of the adenosine A2 receptor subtype.	Adenosine	118-127	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	74-83
8732271-8	1996	Dipyridamole, an agent that blocks the cellular uptake of adenosine by red cells and causes its accumulation in plasma, also inhibited the synthesis of LTB4 in LPS and TNF-alpha-treated whole blood stimulated by FMLP; moreover, this inhibition was reversed upon addition of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	58-67	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	168-177
8732271-8	1996	Dipyridamole, an agent that blocks the cellular uptake of adenosine by red cells and causes its accumulation in plasma, also inhibited the synthesis of LTB4 in LPS and TNF-alpha-treated whole blood stimulated by FMLP; moreover, this inhibition was reversed upon addition of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	58-67	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	212-216
8627294-3	1996	Because in experimental animals ischemia increases both the levels of cytokines and the extracellular concentrations of adenosine in the brain, we hypothesized that these two phenomena may be functionally connected and that adenosine might increase IL-6 gene expression in the brain.	Adenosine	224-233	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	249-253
8722180-2	1996	Recent highlights include the identification of the catalytic subunit of the mammalian apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme as a zinc-dependent cytidine deaminase that binds to RNA, the demonstration that adenosines in brain glutamate receptor pre-mRNAs are converted into inosines and that double-stranded RNA A deaminase (dsRAD), the candidate enzyme, is another zinc-dependent RNA nucleotide deaminase, and a mounting body of evidence for a cleavage-ligation mechanism for U insertion/deletion editing in kinetoplastid protozoa.	Adenosine	205-215	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	87-103
8779915-3	1996	Adenosine dose dependently inhibited the release of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 by stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	52-70
8779915-5	1996	Inhibition of endogenous adenosine deaminase activity by erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine or 2"-deoxycoformycin strongly enhanced the inhibitory effects of exogenous adenosine on cytokine release and expression of E-selectin and VCAM-1.	Adenosine	25-34	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	233-239
8593708-1	1996	Mediators involved in ischemia preconditioning such as adenosine and norepinephrine, can activate protein kinase C (PKC), and a variety of observations suggest that both PKC and ATP-sensitive K+ current (I (KATP) play essential roles in ischemic preconditioning.	Adenosine	55-64	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	98-114
8593708-1	1996	Mediators involved in ischemia preconditioning such as adenosine and norepinephrine, can activate protein kinase C (PKC), and a variety of observations suggest that both PKC and ATP-sensitive K+ current (I (KATP) play essential roles in ischemic preconditioning.	Adenosine	55-64	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	116-119
8593708-1	1996	Mediators involved in ischemia preconditioning such as adenosine and norepinephrine, can activate protein kinase C (PKC), and a variety of observations suggest that both PKC and ATP-sensitive K+ current (I (KATP) play essential roles in ischemic preconditioning.	Adenosine	55-64	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	170-173
8904347-10	1996	In the diabetic patients, adenosine infusion raised forearm blood flow to 2 center dot 4 +/- 0 center dot 4, 2 center dot 6 +/- 0 center dot 4, 4 center dot 4 +/- 0 center dot 7, 6 center dot 3 +/- 1 center dot 0, 9 center dot 8 +/- 1 center dot 5 and 14 center dot 2 +/- 2 center dot mL 100(-1) mL min-1 for the respective dosages.	Adenosine	26-35	SNF8 subunit of ESCRT-II	Homo sapiens	188-193
8904347-10	1996	In the diabetic patients, adenosine infusion raised forearm blood flow to 2 center dot 4 +/- 0 center dot 4, 2 center dot 6 +/- 0 center dot 4, 4 center dot 4 +/- 0 center dot 7, 6 center dot 3 +/- 1 center dot 0, 9 center dot 8 +/- 1 center dot 5 and 14 center dot 2 +/- 2 center dot mL 100(-1) mL min-1 for the respective dosages.	Adenosine	26-35	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	299-304
8568233-6	1996	More importantly, adenosine in the absence of cell surface ADA inhibited T cell proliferation and IL-2 production induced by various stimuli.	Adenosine	18-27	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	98-102
8577746-1	1996	Adenosine kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of adenosine to AMP and hence is a potentially important regulator of extracellular adenosine concentrations.	Adenosine	50-59	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
8577746-1	1996	Adenosine kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of adenosine to AMP and hence is a potentially important regulator of extracellular adenosine concentrations.	Adenosine	131-140	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
8779915-3	1996	Adenosine dose dependently inhibited the release of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 by stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).	Adenosine	0-9	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	75-79
8779915-4	1996	Expression of E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), but not intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), by activated HUVEC was also reduced by adenosine.	Adenosine	164-173	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	29-62
8779915-4	1996	Expression of E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), but not intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), by activated HUVEC was also reduced by adenosine.	Adenosine	164-173	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	64-70
8712775-3	1996	It is triggered by several agents released by ischemic cells and can be reproduced by infusion of agonists coupled to protein kinase C (PKC), e.g. adenosine, angiotensin, phenylephrine, bradykinin, and endothelin.	Adenosine	147-156	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	118-134
8769752-2	1996	In the present study, the adenosine receptor subtypes mediating tone-dependent responses were investigated, Intralobar injections of adenosine,ATP, and analogues under low-tone conditions caused dose-related increases in lobar arterial pressure; the order of potency was alpha,beta-methylene ATP (alpha,beta-metATP) > N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) > ATP > adenosine.	Adenosine	133-142	carboxypeptidase A1	Homo sapiens	321-350
8712775-3	1996	It is triggered by several agents released by ischemic cells and can be reproduced by infusion of agonists coupled to protein kinase C (PKC), e.g. adenosine, angiotensin, phenylephrine, bradykinin, and endothelin.	Adenosine	147-156	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	136-139
8869140-4	1996	Microinjections of adenosine into the RVLM evoked either an increase or a decrease in ABP, with variable effects on HR.	Adenosine	19-28	glutamate receptor interacting protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
8869140-7	1996	Furthermore, microinjections of adenosine into the RVLM augmented the increase in ABP evoked by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamic defence area (HDA).	Adenosine	32-41	glutamate receptor interacting protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
8750912-4	1995	Rather than inhibiting, thrombin (but not ADP, UTP or PAF) specifically caused a fivefold increase in the maximum adenosine- or prostaglandin E1-stimulated cAMP formation, without any shift of the concentration/response curves.	Adenosine	114-123	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	24-32
8614571-3	1995	In this study we show that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), in addition to activating adenylyl cyclase and promoting the accumulation of intracellular cAMP in rat cortical cultures, also causes transport of cAMP and accumulation of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	250-259	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
8615864-0	1995	Adenosine modulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced neutrophil activation.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	24-51
8615864-1	1995	We hypothesized that adenosine, known to be release from inflammatory sites, could lessen the potentially damaging activity of neutrophils (PMN) primed by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) at sites of infection.	Adenosine	21-30	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	155-182
8615864-1	1995	We hypothesized that adenosine, known to be release from inflammatory sites, could lessen the potentially damaging activity of neutrophils (PMN) primed by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) at sites of infection.	Adenosine	21-30	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	184-193
8615864-10	1995	Thus, physiological concentrations of adenosine reduce the effects of recombinant human TNF alpha and native human TNF alpha (released from LPS-treated MNL) on PMN activity.	Adenosine	38-47	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	88-97
8615864-10	1995	Thus, physiological concentrations of adenosine reduce the effects of recombinant human TNF alpha and native human TNF alpha (released from LPS-treated MNL) on PMN activity.	Adenosine	38-47	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	115-124
8615864-11	1995	Endogenous adenosine may preclude or minimize damage to infected tissue by damping the TNF alpha-primed PMN oxidative response.	Adenosine	11-20	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	87-96
8614571-4	1995	We further show that the extracellular accumulation of adenosine in response to VIP can be blocked by inhibition of cAMP transport, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, and 5"-nucleotidase, indicating that extracellular cAMP is the source of the adenosine.	Adenosine	55-64	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
8614571-4	1995	We further show that the extracellular accumulation of adenosine in response to VIP can be blocked by inhibition of cAMP transport, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, and 5"-nucleotidase, indicating that extracellular cAMP is the source of the adenosine.	Adenosine	255-264	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
7611480-6	1995	The impact of endogenous adenosine was eliminated by infusion of intracoronary adenosine deaminase (ADA), and the impact of activation of KATP channels by glibenclamide.	Adenosine	25-34	adenosine deaminase	Sus scrofa	79-98
7503760-0	1995	Production of adenosine and nucleoside analogs by the exchange reaction catalyzed by rat liver adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	95-111
7503257-1	1995	Biochemical and pharmacological studies have established that adenosine modulates protein kinase C (PKC), which plays an important role in the maintenance of vascular tone.	Adenosine	62-71	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	82-98
7503257-1	1995	Biochemical and pharmacological studies have established that adenosine modulates protein kinase C (PKC), which plays an important role in the maintenance of vascular tone.	Adenosine	62-71	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	100-103
7503257-14	1995	The mechanism(s) by which adenosine upregulates PKC is not yet clearly understood.	Adenosine	26-35	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	48-51
8655288-0	1995	Methylxanthines with adenosine alter TNF alpha-primed PMN activation.	Adenosine	21-30	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	37-46
8707444-0	1995	The specific type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram combined with adenosine reduces tumor necrosis factor-alpha-primed neutrophil oxidative activity.	Adenosine	72-81	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	90-117
7586017-2	1995	The main endogenous ligans for these receptors are adenosine and ATP which are released from cells and neurons under various pathophysiological conditions, and adenine nucleotides which are released as contransmiters together with noradrenaline, acetylcholine and substance P.	Adenosine	51-60	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	264-275
8535170-1	1995	In a previous report we described that adenosine-induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells was blocked by the pretreatment of cells with a potent inhibitor (3-aminobenzamide) of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP).	Adenosine	39-48	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	169-196
8535170-1	1995	In a previous report we described that adenosine-induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells was blocked by the pretreatment of cells with a potent inhibitor (3-aminobenzamide) of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP).	Adenosine	39-48	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	198-202
8558480-12	1995	We propose that in CHB rats (i) there is accentuation of the components of the response to acute hypoxia (the fall in ABP, HR and CBF) that form a positive feedback loop which promotes central ventilatory depression and (ii) that adenosine exerts a tonic inhibitory influence on VE and vasodilator influence in muscle and mediates the secondary fall in VE, but not the muscle vasodilation induced by acute hypoxia.	Adenosine	230-239	glutamate receptor interacting protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	118-121
7572024-5	1995	During tumour manipulation the child became hypertensive with systolic pressure exceeding 130 mm Hg and adenosine infusion (100 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) was started with a prompt normalisation of the blood pressure.	Adenosine	104-113	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	144-149
8535646-3	1995	Results from my laboratory indicate that these agents share a mode of action; the anti-inflammatory effects of both SASP and MTX are due, in both in vitro and in vivo studies, to their capacity to enhance adenosine release at inflamed sites.	Adenosine	205-214	aspartic peptidase retroviral like 1	Homo sapiens	116-120
7673181-2	1995	As PC-1 is a type II transmembrane protein with extracellular phosphodiesterase and pyrophosphatase activity, increased expression of PC-1 at the cell surface will decrease extracellular adenosine triphosphate levels and increase extracellular adenosine levels.	Adenosine	187-196	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	3-7
7673181-2	1995	As PC-1 is a type II transmembrane protein with extracellular phosphodiesterase and pyrophosphatase activity, increased expression of PC-1 at the cell surface will decrease extracellular adenosine triphosphate levels and increase extracellular adenosine levels.	Adenosine	187-196	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	134-138
7673181-3	1995	Consequently it is possible that PC-1-mediated insulin resistance could be caused either by a decrease in adenosine triphosphate or an indirect increase in adenosine levels.	Adenosine	106-115	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	33-37
7665975-0	1995	Acting via A2 receptors, adenosine inhibits the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha of endotoxin-stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.	Adenosine	25-34	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	62-89
7665975-2	1995	Because adenosine (AR) modulates numerous functions of human PMNLs, the effect of the metabolic stable AR derivative 2-chloro-adenosine was tested on the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated PMNLs.	Adenosine	8-17	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	197-206
8558480-5	1995	The adenosine receptor antagonist 8-phenyl-theophylline (8-PT, 10 mg kg-1) reduced the secondary fall in VE, the fall in ABP and muscle vasodilatation, indicating they were partly mediated by adenosine.	Adenosine	4-13	glutamate receptor interacting protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
7637656-8	1995	Thus, resistance to the antilipolytic effects of insulin and adenosine at the level of adipose tissue may increase systemic lipolysis and play a role in the development or maintenance of peripheral insulin resistance associated with UBO in white women, but not in black women.	Adenosine	61-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	198-205
7611480-6	1995	The impact of endogenous adenosine was eliminated by infusion of intracoronary adenosine deaminase (ADA), and the impact of activation of KATP channels by glibenclamide.	Adenosine	25-34	adenosine deaminase	Sus scrofa	100-103
7675637-7	1995	The interstitial adenosine concentration (microdialysis) increased from 1.60 +/- 0.87 nmol/ml to above 10 microM during ischaemia; with intracoronary adenosine deaminase, the interstitial adenosine concentration fell from 1.65 +/- 0.23 to 0.12 +/- 0.07 nmol/ml and did not increase during ischaemia.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine deaminase	Sus scrofa	150-169
7730645-3	1995	Moreover, it has been shown that exposure of RBL-2H3 cells to dexamethasone attenuated antigen-mediated mast cell degranulation, but potentiated the response elicited by adenosine.	Adenosine	170-179	RB transcriptional corepressor like 2	Rattus norvegicus	45-50
7595931-2	1995	Adenosine proved to be an effective hepatoprotector increasing the survival rate of rats receiving lethal doses of CCl4.	Adenosine	0-9	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	115-119
7744064-6	1995	Thus, the stimulation of hepatocytes with the V1-receptor agonist, vasopressin, or with the nucleotide triphosphates, UTP and GTP, elicited changes in [Ca2+]i similar to those observed after ATP or adenosine addition, but did not affect protein synthesis.	Adenosine	198-207	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	67-78
8581359-1	1995	The adenosine analogue formycin A was recently introduced as a potent insulin secretagogue in normal pancreatic islet cells.	Adenosine	4-13	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
7605941-3	1995	Adenosine (50 micrograms kg-1 min-1) or saline was given intravenously for 20 min before the mustard oil application and continued for another 50 min.	Adenosine	0-9	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	30-35
8847946-4	1995	These compounds may be useful for elucidating the involvement of adenosine kinase in adenosine uptake, the maintenance of intracellular adenosine levels and in the neuromodulatory actions of adenosine in the CNS.	Adenosine	85-94	adenosine kinase	Cavia porcellus	65-81
8847946-4	1995	These compounds may be useful for elucidating the involvement of adenosine kinase in adenosine uptake, the maintenance of intracellular adenosine levels and in the neuromodulatory actions of adenosine in the CNS.	Adenosine	85-94	adenosine kinase	Cavia porcellus	65-81
7558517-4	1995	Thus intervention with A2-selective agonists or compounds that can elevate endogenously released adenosine may be beneficial in TNF alpha-mediated diseases.	Adenosine	97-106	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	128-137
7701349-2	1995	Constitutive, ligand-independent adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate accumulation was observed in COS-7 cells expressing the mutant PTH-PTHrP receptor but not in cells expressing the wild-type receptor.	Adenosine	33-42	parathyroid hormone 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	126-144
7623786-0	1995	Adenosine effects upon insulin action on lipolysis and glucose transport in human adipocytes.	Adenosine	0-9	insulin	Homo sapiens	23-30
7623786-1	1995	The dose response effect of a new adenosine analogue, GR79236 (N-[1S trans-2-hydroxycyclopentyl] adenosine) upon insulin sensitivity was examined in human adipocytes.	Adenosine	34-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	113-120
7623786-2	1995	The influence of adenosine upon insulin sensitivity for suppression of lipolysis and stimulation of glucose transport was examined.	Adenosine	17-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
7623786-5	1995	To examine adenosine effects on the insulin signalling pathway separately from those on lipolysis, the insulin sensitivity of glucose transport was examined.	Adenosine	11-20	insulin	Homo sapiens	36-43
7623786-6	1995	Removal of adenosine brought about a small but significant increase in the concentration of insulin required for half-maximal stimulation of glucose transport.	Adenosine	11-20	insulin	Homo sapiens	92-99
7623786-7	1995	Adenosine agonists offer promise as new agents for the modulation of metabolism in diabetes and other states of insulin resistance.	Adenosine	0-9	insulin	Homo sapiens	112-119
7648513-8	1995	The metabolic control of adenosine concentration in the different tissues studied through the 24-h cycle is related to the activity of adenosine-metabolizing enzyme: 5"-nucleotidase adenosine deaminase, adenosine kinase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase.	Adenosine	25-34	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	203-219
7648513-8	1995	The metabolic control of adenosine concentration in the different tissues studied through the 24-h cycle is related to the activity of adenosine-metabolizing enzyme: 5"-nucleotidase adenosine deaminase, adenosine kinase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase.	Adenosine	25-34	adenosylhomocysteinase	Rattus norvegicus	225-257
7648513-8	1995	The metabolic control of adenosine concentration in the different tissues studied through the 24-h cycle is related to the activity of adenosine-metabolizing enzyme: 5"-nucleotidase adenosine deaminase, adenosine kinase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase.	Adenosine	135-144	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	203-219
7648513-8	1995	The metabolic control of adenosine concentration in the different tissues studied through the 24-h cycle is related to the activity of adenosine-metabolizing enzyme: 5"-nucleotidase adenosine deaminase, adenosine kinase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase.	Adenosine	135-144	adenosylhomocysteinase	Rattus norvegicus	225-257
7532359-8	1995	Thus metabolism of extracellular ATP to adenosine regulates the activity of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductor regulator (CFTR) in the apical membrane of polarized T84 cells.	Adenosine	40-49	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	76-125
7532359-8	1995	Thus metabolism of extracellular ATP to adenosine regulates the activity of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductor regulator (CFTR) in the apical membrane of polarized T84 cells.	Adenosine	40-49	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	127-131
7595931-3	1995	Searching for the mechanism of action, we found that adenosine transiently prevents the necrotic liver damage associated to an acute CCl4 treatment.	Adenosine	53-62	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	133-137
7595931-5	1995	Adenosine"s protective effect was demonstrated by reverting the decrease of cytochrome P-450 while preserved intact the activity of the microsomal enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase.	Adenosine	0-9	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-92
7595931-10	1995	These results suggest that adenosine protective action might be exerted at the level of the propagation reaction following CCl4 activation.	Adenosine	27-36	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	123-127
7722212-0	1995	Adenosine and glutamate modulate the cardiovascular responses of angiotensins II and III in the area postrema of rats.	Adenosine	0-9	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	65-88
7788449-0	1995	[Activity of adenosine in relation to tumor necrosis factor (TNF).	Adenosine	13-22	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	38-59
7707868-5	1995	The specific inhibitor of the PKC bisindolymaleimide (BIM) abolished the upregulation of the VEGF mRNA by adenosine completely.	Adenosine	106-115	PKC	Sus scrofa	30-33
7707868-6	1995	The BMEC conditioned medium stimulated the proliferation of BMEC itself and Western blot analysis of the BMEC conditioned medium using a polyclonal antibody to human VEGF showed one band at 18 kDa which was slightly upregulated after treatment with adenosine.	Adenosine	249-258	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	166-170
7707868-7	1995	Results suggest that the effect of adenosine on the VEGF mRNA expression is mediated via the A1 receptor and that an activation of the PKC may be involved in the observed effects of adenosine on the VEGF mRNA expression.	Adenosine	182-191	PKC	Sus scrofa	135-138
7788449-0	1995	[Activity of adenosine in relation to tumor necrosis factor (TNF).	Adenosine	13-22	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	61-64
7788449-2	1995	At physiological and pharmacological doses, adenosine protects tissues against a varieties of injuries: ischemia-reperfusion, convulsions, inflammation.... We tested the hypothesis that the antiinflammatory properties of adenosine occur via a down-regulation of TNF.	Adenosine	44-53	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	262-265
7788449-2	1995	At physiological and pharmacological doses, adenosine protects tissues against a varieties of injuries: ischemia-reperfusion, convulsions, inflammation.... We tested the hypothesis that the antiinflammatory properties of adenosine occur via a down-regulation of TNF.	Adenosine	221-230	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	262-265
7788449-11	1995	Our results indicate that adenosine is a potent inhibitor of TNF production induced by different stimuli.	Adenosine	26-35	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	61-64
7995950-6	1995	Endogenous adenosine has previously been shown to mediate FMLP-induced increases in cAMP enhanced in the presence of Ro 20-1724.	Adenosine	11-20	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	58-62
8587348-7	1995	Adenosine antagonized the ET-induced vasoconstriction in part, normalized myocardial energy metabolism (ATP -7%), and thus unmasked the positive inotropic effect of ET-1 (peak dP/dtmax +20%; p < 0.01).	Adenosine	0-9	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	165-169
7527814-3	1995	Therefore, we synthesized inhibitors of an enzyme involved in adenosine metabolism, adenosine kinase (AK) (EC 2.7.1.20), to enhance endogenous adenosine concentrations at sites of inflammation.	Adenosine	62-71	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	84-100
7527814-3	1995	Therefore, we synthesized inhibitors of an enzyme involved in adenosine metabolism, adenosine kinase (AK) (EC 2.7.1.20), to enhance endogenous adenosine concentrations at sites of inflammation.	Adenosine	62-71	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	102-104
7527814-3	1995	Therefore, we synthesized inhibitors of an enzyme involved in adenosine metabolism, adenosine kinase (AK) (EC 2.7.1.20), to enhance endogenous adenosine concentrations at sites of inflammation.	Adenosine	84-93	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	102-104
7995950-6	1995	Endogenous adenosine has previously been shown to mediate FMLP-induced increases in cAMP enhanced in the presence of Ro 20-1724.	Adenosine	11-20	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	84-88
18475680-5	1995	We suggest a relationship between the action of TNF-alpha , IL-10 and adenosine in the pathogenesis of circulatory symptoms described above.	Adenosine	70-79	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	48-57
7771195-1	1995	AIM: To investigate the electrophysiological effects of adenosine deaminase (ADase, an enzyme converting adenosine to inosine and ammonia), 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT, a nonselective antagonist of adenosine receptors) and glibenclamide (Gli, a potent blocker of ATP-sensitive K+ channels) on anoxic pacemaker cells of SA node.	Adenosine	56-65	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	77-82
7617113-1	1995	Erythrocytosis occurs in 10-15% of renal transplant recipients and there is evidence that the production of erythropoietin is modulated by adenosine.	Adenosine	139-148	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	108-122
7930619-4	1994	In this study, we demonstrate that adenosine inhibits the production of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 by LPS-activated human monocytes with a differential potency.	Adenosine	35-44	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	72-81
7818494-1	1994	Incubation of human thymocytes with an optimum concentration of adenosine and its receptor site agonist, 2-chloroadenosine, induced increases in intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) (from a resting 0.6 +/- 0.1 to 4.1 +/- 0.2 pmol/10(7) cells within 5 min) and Ca2+ (from the resting 85 +/- 7 nM to a peak of 210 +/- 25 nM) levels and resulted in internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and cell death (apoptosis).	Adenosine	64-73	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	171-175
7818494-6	1994	Other agents known to elevate intracellular cAMP levels by different mechanisms failed to induce similar DNA fragmentation, but enhanced the effect of adenosine.	Adenosine	151-160	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	44-48
7818494-7	1994	This suggested a supporting role for cAMP in adenosine-induced DNA fragmentation.	Adenosine	45-54	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	37-41
7977781-2	1994	Since adenosine is a potent inhibitor of renin release, additional experiments were performed with an angiotensin AT1-receptor antagonist (losartan, 10 mg/kg i.v.).	Adenosine	6-15	renin	Homo sapiens	41-46
7977781-9	1994	These data indicate that endogenous adenosine plays a significant role in maintaining afferent arteriolar tone and that the renin-angiotensin system may mediate some of the wide ranging renal effects of adenosine.	Adenosine	203-212	renin	Homo sapiens	124-129
7930619-4	1994	In this study, we demonstrate that adenosine inhibits the production of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 by LPS-activated human monocytes with a differential potency.	Adenosine	35-44	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	83-87
7930619-4	1994	In this study, we demonstrate that adenosine inhibits the production of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 by LPS-activated human monocytes with a differential potency.	Adenosine	35-44	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	93-97
7930619-5	1994	The A2 receptor-specific adenosine analogues 2-chloroadenosine and 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) were most effective in attenuating LPS-induced cytokine production, whereas the A1-selective adenosine analogue N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) was less effective, indicating that inhibition of cytokine production by adenosine is primarily an A2 receptor-mediated event.	Adenosine	25-34	carboxypeptidase A1	Homo sapiens	217-246
7930619-6	1994	The observed inhibitory effects were not restricted to endotoxin-induced cytokine production, because adenosine also inhibited TNF-alpha production by monocytes stimulated with the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 beta.	Adenosine	102-111	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	127-136
7930619-6	1994	The observed inhibitory effects were not restricted to endotoxin-induced cytokine production, because adenosine also inhibited TNF-alpha production by monocytes stimulated with the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 beta.	Adenosine	102-111	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	206-215
7930619-8	1994	In contrast, adenosine enhanced production of IL-6 and IL-8 by monocytes stimulated with IL-1 beta.	Adenosine	13-22	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	46-50
7930619-8	1994	In contrast, adenosine enhanced production of IL-6 and IL-8 by monocytes stimulated with IL-1 beta.	Adenosine	13-22	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	55-59
7930619-8	1994	In contrast, adenosine enhanced production of IL-6 and IL-8 by monocytes stimulated with IL-1 beta.	Adenosine	13-22	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	89-98
8046241-0	1994	Adenosine and homocysteine together enhance TNF-mediated cytotoxicity but do not alter activation of nuclear factor-kappa B in L929 cells.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	44-47
7945378-0	1994	Adenosine as an endogenous mediator of hypoxia for induction of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA in U-937 cells.	Adenosine	0-9	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	64-98
7945378-3	1994	In this report, we studied on effects of adenosine on inducibility of VEGF and possible mediation of hypoxia for its induction in U-937 cells.	Adenosine	41-50	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	70-74
7945378-5	1994	5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine, an adenosine analog, strongly induced VEGF mRNA, which was inhibited by 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX), an A2-antagonist.	Adenosine	21-30	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	70-74
7929833-11	1994	We conclude that in insulin-re15-76sistant patients with hypertension, adenosine-induced vasodilation recruits oxidative muscle tissues and exerts a modest, direct metabolic effect to promote muscle glucose uptake in the fasting state.	Adenosine	71-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	20-27
7882192-7	1994	Simultaneous administration of adenosine counteracted the CCl4 effects.	Adenosine	31-40	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	58-62
8046241-1	1994	This paper shows that a combination of adenosine and homocysteine potentiates TNF-alpha-mediated cytotoxicity, but does not modulate activation of NF-kappa B transcription factor controlling the expression of various TNF-alpha-inducible genes.	Adenosine	39-48	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	78-87
8046241-2	1994	Adenosine and homocysteine at concentrations (1 mM each) that enhance TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity accumulate S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy), a potent inhibitor of S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methylation reactions.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	70-79
8046241-4	1994	Moreover, the combination of adenosine and homocysteine changed the dependency of the TNF-alpha-mediated cytolysis on reactive oxygen intermediates.	Adenosine	29-38	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	86-95
8046241-6	1994	In the presence of adenosine and homocysteine, however, TNF-alpha-mediated cytotoxicity is not inhibited by these antioxidants.	Adenosine	19-28	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	56-65
8046241-7	1994	A L929 subclone, defective in the respiratory chain, resisted the cytotoxic action of TNF-alpha, but was rendered TNF-alpha sensitive in the presence of adenosine and homocysteine.	Adenosine	153-162	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	114-123
8046241-8	1994	Unlike TNF-alpha-mediated cytotoxicity, the TNF-alpha-induced activation of NF-kappa B was inhibited by antioxidants regardless whether adenosine and homocysteine were present or absent in the culture medium.	Adenosine	136-145	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	44-53
8046241-8	1994	Unlike TNF-alpha-mediated cytotoxicity, the TNF-alpha-induced activation of NF-kappa B was inhibited by antioxidants regardless whether adenosine and homocysteine were present or absent in the culture medium.	Adenosine	136-145	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	76-86
8046241-9	1994	In conclusion, a combination of adenosine and homocysteine selectively modulates TNF-alpha-mediated cytotoxicity without changing the TNF-alpha-induced activation of NF-kappa B.	Adenosine	32-41	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	81-90
7924159-5	1994	After basal samplings, adenosine was infused intra-arterially at successive rates of 2 and 10 micrograms min-1 kg-1 for 40 min at each rate.	Adenosine	23-32	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	105-115
8031847-5	1994	Adenosine treatment to CCl4-poisoned rats was able to counteract the effect of the hepatotoxin on the redox equilibrium; hence, it could be linked to the beneficial action of the nucleoside in the maintenance of mitochondrial function.	Adenosine	0-9	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	23-27
7518480-0	1994	Substance P potentiates the algogenic effects of intraarterial infusion of adenosine.	Adenosine	75-84	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	0-11
7518480-1	1994	OBJECTIVES: This study investigated whether substance P potentiates the muscular and cardiac pain caused by the intraarterial infusion of adenosine, an autocoid known to induce muscular and cardiac ischemic-like pain in humans.	Adenosine	138-147	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	44-55
7526299-6	1994	Thus, we suggest that endogenous substance P may potentiate the inhibitory response to endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	98-107	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	33-44
8025906-12	1994	CONCLUSIONS: Selectivity of N-0861 for the adenosine A1 receptor may, without reducing coronary blood flow, ameliorate bradyarrhythmia and maintain the positive inotropic response when exogenous adenosine is given or when interstitial myocardial adenosine is increased.	Adenosine	195-204	adenosine A1 receptor	Sus scrofa	43-64
8207212-2	1994	Inhibitors of an enzyme involved in adenosine metabolism, adenosine kinase (EC 2.7.1.20), were evaluated for their ability to enhance endogenous adenosine production.	Adenosine	36-45	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	58-74
8022409-3	1994	Furthermore, we now report that, whereas adenosine inhibits intracellular Ca2+ increases in platelets, it potentiates the rise in intracellular Ca2+ produced by thrombin, prostaglandin E1, thapsigargin, and the calcium ionophore A23187 in HEL cells.	Adenosine	41-50	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	161-169
8185949-5	1994	By simultaneously recording the presynaptic Ca2+ transient ([Ca]t) and the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) at CA3-CA1 synapses of hippocampal slices, we found that adenosine, through activation of presynaptic A1 receptors, inhibits the fEPSP primarily by reducing the [Ca]t. Reduced [Ca]t was due to inhibition of omega-conotoxin GVIA-sensitive and some unidentified Ca2+ channels, probably including Q-type, but not to omega-agatoxin-IVA-sensitive Ca2+ channels.	Adenosine	180-189	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	126-133
8144588-1	1994	A double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase that catalyzes the conversion of adenosines to inosines in duplex RNA substrates was purified to near homogeneity from Xenopus laevis eggs.	Adenosine	75-85	adenosine deaminase S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	22-41
8143938-1	1994	Considerable attention has been focused on the purine nucleoside, adenosine, in the control of renal blood flow, epithelial transport, and renin secretion; however, surprisingly little attention has been directed toward the renal effects of purine nucleotides such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP).	Adenosine	66-75	renin	Homo sapiens	139-144
7914678-7	1994	Infusion of L-NAME nearly abolished the dilator effect of Ado on CDLC and reduced those to ACh, Bk and Pap.	Adenosine	58-61	kininogen 1	Canis lupus familiaris	96-98
8160800-1	1994	We have previously shown that parathyroid hormone (PTH)-(1-34) or its analogue PTH-(3-34) inhibits proximal tubule (PT) Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase) activity independently of adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate generation.	Adenosine	131-140	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	51-54
8160800-1	1994	We have previously shown that parathyroid hormone (PTH)-(1-34) or its analogue PTH-(3-34) inhibits proximal tubule (PT) Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase) activity independently of adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate generation.	Adenosine	131-140	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	79-82
7749592-2	1994	Adenosine or the adenosine agonist, N6-phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA), inhibited GH stimulated lipolysis, the effect of adenosine not being observed in the presence or adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Gallus gallus	168-187
8026735-5	1994	Adenosine deaminase reduced the activity of vasodilatory mediator(s) released by histamine and isoprenaline by 58.0 +/- 14.4% and 80.5 +/- 5.9% respectively; responses to exogenous adenosine were abolished.	Adenosine	181-190	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	0-19
7749592-2	1994	Adenosine or the adenosine agonist, N6-phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA), inhibited GH stimulated lipolysis, the effect of adenosine not being observed in the presence or adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	54-63	adenosine deaminase	Gallus gallus	168-187
8175583-6	1994	The mean maximal decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance index, 48.8 +/- 9.6%, occurred at an adenosine infusion rate of 30 micrograms.kg-1.min-1, whereas the systemic vascular resistance index remained unchanged.	Adenosine	96-105	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	142-147
7508435-2	1994	In this report, we synthesized tRNA(Lys-3) of which the 3"-terminal adenosine residue lacks either a 2"-OH or 3"-OH.	Adenosine	68-77	mitochondrially encoded tRNA glycine	Homo sapiens	31-41
7660980-0	1994	Production of adenosine and nucleoside analogues by an exchange reaction catalyzed by adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	86-102
8269514-1	1993	A functionally critical position (Q/R site) of the AMPA receptor subunit GluR-B is controlled by RNA editing that operates in the nucleus, since in brain and clonal cell lines of neural origin, unspliced GluR-B transcripts occur edited in the Q/R site CAG codon and, additionally, in intronic adenosines.	Adenosine	293-303	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	73-79
8282342-1	1994	We performed experiments to test the hypothesis that endogenous adenosine acts as an essential cofactor required for eliciting angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced afferent and/or efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction.	Adenosine	64-73	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	127-141
8282342-1	1994	We performed experiments to test the hypothesis that endogenous adenosine acts as an essential cofactor required for eliciting angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced afferent and/or efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction.	Adenosine	64-73	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	143-149
8282342-10	1994	These observations refute the hypothesis that a receptor-mediated action of adenosine is required for Ang II-induced constriction of juxtamedullary afferent or efferent arterioles.	Adenosine	76-85	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	102-108
7897401-5	1994	Such an ischemia-induced upregulation which is reported to occur physiologically by the activation of PKC, is reflected by the selective loss of the depressive control of the synaptic NMDA Ca2+ influx by adenosine.	Adenosine	204-213	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	189-192
8269514-1	1993	A functionally critical position (Q/R site) of the AMPA receptor subunit GluR-B is controlled by RNA editing that operates in the nucleus, since in brain and clonal cell lines of neural origin, unspliced GluR-B transcripts occur edited in the Q/R site CAG codon and, additionally, in intronic adenosines.	Adenosine	293-303	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	204-210
8148040-2	1993	Adenosine inhibited prolactin release in basal and in vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)- or TRH-stimulated conditions.	Adenosine	0-9	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	20-29
8244516-3	1993	Elevated tissue Ang II levels or decreased tissue adenosine levels could account for this decreased sensitivity to Ang II.	Adenosine	50-59	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	115-121
8244516-4	1993	In support of the latter possibility, endogenous adenosine has been shown to contribute to the renal vasoconstrictive response to Ang II in animals.	Adenosine	49-58	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	130-136
8148040-2	1993	Adenosine inhibited prolactin release in basal and in vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)- or TRH-stimulated conditions.	Adenosine	0-9	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
8148040-0	1993	Direct effect of adenosine on prolactin secretion at the level of the single rat lactotroph: involvement of pertussis toxin-sensitive and -insensitive transducing mechanisms.	Adenosine	17-26	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	30-39
8148040-3	1993	Pertussis toxin pretreatment reduced the inhibition of VIP-stimulated prolactin secretion which was induced by adenosine, while it completely abolished the effect of the purine on TRH-evoked prolactin release.	Adenosine	111-120	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
8148040-3	1993	Pertussis toxin pretreatment reduced the inhibition of VIP-stimulated prolactin secretion which was induced by adenosine, while it completely abolished the effect of the purine on TRH-evoked prolactin release.	Adenosine	111-120	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	70-79
8148040-4	1993	In membrane preparations of anterior pituitary cells, adenosine reduced the adenylate cyclase activity stimulated by VIP.	Adenosine	54-63	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
8148040-8	1993	In conclusion, our data show that adenosine inhibits prolactin secretion, acting on purinergic receptors coupled to the adenylate cyclase enzyme and phospholipase C. The effect of the nucleoside on adenylate cyclase seems to be achieved either by the involvement of an adenosine receptor coupled to the catalytic subunit of the enzyme via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein, or by the activation of a site directly coupled to the catalytic subunit of the adenylate cyclase (the P site).	Adenosine	34-43	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	53-62
8403255-1	1993	The intracellular flux rate through adenosine kinase (adenosine-->AMP) in the well-oxygenated heart was investigated, and the relation of the AMP-adenosine metabolic cycle (AMP<-->adenosine) to transmethylation (S-adenosylhomocysteine [SAH]-->adenosine) and coronary flow was determined.	Adenosine	54-63	adenosine kinase	Cavia porcellus	36-52
8238589-0	1993	Adenosine and cerebrovascular hyperemia during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in newborn piglet.	Adenosine	0-9	insulin	Homo sapiens	47-54
8298796-4	1993	Adenosine elicited a rapid and maintained increase in cyclic AMP, that was fully reversed upon addition of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	107-126
8287414-8	1993	When adenosine was given, coronary blood flow and coronary vascular conductance were increased to similar degrees as those during reactive hyperaemia (41(12) to 210(75) ml.min-1 and 0.46(0.14) to 2.43(0.83) mm Hg.ml-1.min-1, respectively; NS).	Adenosine	5-14	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	172-177
8287414-8	1993	When adenosine was given, coronary blood flow and coronary vascular conductance were increased to similar degrees as those during reactive hyperaemia (41(12) to 210(75) ml.min-1 and 0.46(0.14) to 2.43(0.83) mm Hg.ml-1.min-1, respectively; NS).	Adenosine	5-14	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	218-223
8403255-1	1993	The intracellular flux rate through adenosine kinase (adenosine-->AMP) in the well-oxygenated heart was investigated, and the relation of the AMP-adenosine metabolic cycle (AMP<-->adenosine) to transmethylation (S-adenosylhomocysteine [SAH]-->adenosine) and coronary flow was determined.	Adenosine	54-63	adenosine kinase	Cavia porcellus	36-52
8403255-1	1993	The intracellular flux rate through adenosine kinase (adenosine-->AMP) in the well-oxygenated heart was investigated, and the relation of the AMP-adenosine metabolic cycle (AMP<-->adenosine) to transmethylation (S-adenosylhomocysteine [SAH]-->adenosine) and coronary flow was determined.	Adenosine	54-63	adenosine kinase	Cavia porcellus	36-52
8403255-10	1993	In these experiments, adenosine release increased to similar levels of 3.4 +/- 0.5 nmol.min-1 x g-1 (n = 6) during inhibition of adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine kinase	Cavia porcellus	153-169
8277975-0	1993	Facilitatory and inhibitory modulation by endogenous adenosine of noradrenaline release in the epididymal portion of rat vas deferens.	Adenosine	53-62	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
8293779-3	1993	Most (95%) of the SAH-derived adenosine is salvaged by adenosine kinase action.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine kinase	Cavia porcellus	55-71
8293779-4	1993	The rate of adenosine phosphorylation increased 3-fold when isolated hearts were perfused with hypoxic medium, suggesting that adenosine kinase is not substrate-saturated under normoxic conditions.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine kinase	Cavia porcellus	127-143
8258950-1	1993	The present studies were undertaken to assess the effects of 5"-N-ethylcarboxamideadenosine (NECA), an adenosine analogue, on erythropoietin (Epo) production.	Adenosine	82-91	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	126-140
8258950-1	1993	The present studies were undertaken to assess the effects of 5"-N-ethylcarboxamideadenosine (NECA), an adenosine analogue, on erythropoietin (Epo) production.	Adenosine	82-91	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	142-145
8277975-1	1993	The present study aimed at determining the modulation by adenosine of the release of noradrenaline in the epididymal portion of the rat vas deferens.	Adenosine	57-66	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	136-139
8255734-6	1993	It is concluded that the concentration of endogenous extracellular adenosine is under the control of the relative activities of exo-AMP deaminase and ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	67-76	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	128-145
8358735-2	1993	Clones isolated from a complementary DNA library prepared from r- ICR27TK.3 cells, in which one glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene has been deleted, contained a single adenosine to thymidine transversion in the third position of codon 753, resulting in the substitution of phenylalanine for leucine.	Adenosine	167-176	nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1	Homo sapiens	121-123
8348695-5	1993	In accordance with the decreases in ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity, release of adenosine was attenuated in the FMLP-pretreated and complement C5a-pretreated polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which were restored by concomitant administration of superoxide dismutase.	Adenosine	78-87	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	110-114
8393328-0	1993	Acting via A2 receptors, adenosine inhibits the upregulation of Mac-1 (Cd11b/CD18) expression on FMLP-stimulated neutrophils.	Adenosine	25-34	integrin subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	77-81
8368332-4	1993	A marked inhibition of NaCl-dependent renin secretion was caused by both angiotensin II (P = 0.011) and angiotensin III (P = 0.006), both at 10(-8) M. These results show that adenosine is capable of reducing macula densa-mediated renin secretion, but that this effect, even at very high concentrations or during adenosine deaminase blockade, does not fully mimic the inhibitory potency of increasing luminal NaCl concentration.	Adenosine	175-184	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: renin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	38-43
8368332-4	1993	A marked inhibition of NaCl-dependent renin secretion was caused by both angiotensin II (P = 0.011) and angiotensin III (P = 0.006), both at 10(-8) M. These results show that adenosine is capable of reducing macula densa-mediated renin secretion, but that this effect, even at very high concentrations or during adenosine deaminase blockade, does not fully mimic the inhibitory potency of increasing luminal NaCl concentration.	Adenosine	175-184	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: renin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	230-235
8368332-0	1993	Effects of adenosine and angiotensin on macula densa-stimulated renin secretion.	Adenosine	11-20	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: renin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	64-69
8368332-1	1993	The present studies were performed to assess, in the isolated perfused juxtaglomerular apparatus of the rabbit kidney, the effect of exogenous adenosine on renin secretion stimulated by a low NaCl concentration at the macula densa.	Adenosine	143-152	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: renin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	156-161
8368332-2	1993	Addition of adenosine to the bath resulted in a change of renin secretion from 30.4 to 23.9 nGU/min at an adenosine concentration of 10(-6) M (n = 7; P = NS), from 38.6 to 17.9 nGU/min at a concentration of 10(-4) M (n = 7; P = 0.038), and from 18.4 to 5.8 nGU/min at 10(-2) M (P = 0.0053).	Adenosine	12-21	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: renin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	58-63
8393328-0	1993	Acting via A2 receptors, adenosine inhibits the upregulation of Mac-1 (Cd11b/CD18) expression on FMLP-stimulated neutrophils.	Adenosine	25-34	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	97-101
8393328-7	1993	We conclude that adenosine acts via A2 receptors to inhibit the upregulation of Mac-1 expression of FMLP-stimulated neutrophils, and that A1 receptors are not involved.	Adenosine	17-26	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	100-104
8412063-1	1993	During induced ischemia for cardiac surgery, 5"-nucleotidase (5NT) catalyzes nucleotide breakdown by dephosphorylating AMP and IMP to diffusible precursors--adenosine and inosine.	Adenosine	157-166	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 5'-nucleotidase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	45-60
8509388-11	1993	The peptide substrate MLC-(11-23) A14,15 was also protective (PC0.5 = 380 nM) as was Mg(2+)-ATP, Mg(2+)-ADP, and Mg2+ plus adenosine.	Adenosine	123-132	modulator of VRAC current 1	Homo sapiens	22-25
8336506-0	1993	Modulation of vasopressin actions on human platelets by plasma adenosine and theophylline: gender differences.	Adenosine	63-72	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	14-25
8340157-1	1993	A previous report demonstrated that infusion of adenosine into the forearm increased local vascular production of angiotensin II.	Adenosine	48-57	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	114-128
8370236-11	1993	The K+/Na+ excretion ratio increased from a basal value of 10 +/- 1 to 42 +/- 11 (P < 0.01) at the highest dose of adenosine, and renal oxygen consumption decreased from 17 +/- 2 to 9 +/- 1 ml min-1 (P < 0.001).	Adenosine	118-127	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	196-201
8230243-8	1993	These results support the hypothesis that the salutary effect of adenosine on the ischemic myocardium is mediated via adenosine A1 receptor coupling to a pertussis toxin sensitive G protein, presumably Gi.	Adenosine	65-74	adenosine A1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	118-139
8330191-1	1993	The role of adenosine as a metabolic regulator of physiological processes in the brain was studied by measuring its concentrations and the activity of adenosine-metabolizing enzymes: 5"-nucleotidase, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase in the cerebral cortex of the rat.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	258-274
8391684-3	1993	During normoxic control conditions, degrading adenosine to non-vasoactive inosine by intracoronary infusion of adenosine deaminase (1.7 U/ml) caused a 20% decrease in the release of [3H]-cAMP.	Adenosine	46-55	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	111-130
8384443-9	1993	Adenosine production, measured in hepatocytes in which adenosine kinase and adenosine deaminase were inhibited by 5-iodotubercidin and deoxycoformycin respectively, was about 18 nmol/min per g of cells in normoxia; it increased about 2-fold in anoxia, although AMP increased 8-16-fold in this condition.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	55-71
8384443-14	1993	It is concluded that the elevation of adenosine in anoxic hepatocytes is much more dependent on decreased recycling of adenosine by adenosine kinase than on increased production by dephosphorylation of AMP.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	132-148
8384443-14	1993	It is concluded that the elevation of adenosine in anoxic hepatocytes is much more dependent on decreased recycling of adenosine by adenosine kinase than on increased production by dephosphorylation of AMP.	Adenosine	119-128	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	132-148
8318681-11	1993	Theophylline, which reduces adenosine-mediated erythropoietin synthesis, is effective but may be associated with side effects.	Adenosine	28-37	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	47-61
8443917-1	1993	BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that administration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) restores the contractile and metabolic dysfunction in coronary microembolization and that these beneficial effects of SOD are attributable to the restoration of 5"-nucleotidase activity and subsequent augmentation of adenosine release.	Adenosine	328-337	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	106-109
8457194-0	1993	Phosphorylation of adenosine in anoxic hepatocytes by an exchange reaction catalysed by adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	88-104
8457194-1	1993	The elevation of adenosine levels induced by anoxia in isolated rat hepatocytes has been shown to result mainly from an arrest of the recycling of the nucleoside by adenosine kinase [Bontemps, Vincent and Van den Berghe (1993) Biochem.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	165-181
8457194-14	1993	Chromatography of cytosolic fractions of rat liver on DEAE-Sepharose, followed by Sephacryl S-200 and AMP-Sepharose, demonstrated that the exchange reaction between adenosine and AMP co-purified with adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	165-174	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	200-216
8382631-4	1993	HPLC analysis shows that these preparations of Rp-cAMPS contained concentrations of adenosine which could produce significant inhibition of fMLP-induced O2-.	Adenosine	84-93	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	140-144
7681628-0	1993	Adenosine and 5-HT inhibit substance P release from nerve endings in myenteric ganglia by distinct mechanisms.	Adenosine	0-9	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	27-38
8443917-12	1993	Furthermore, coronary submaximal vasodilation induced by papaverine (n = 5) and adenosine (n = 5) abolished the beneficial effects of SOD.	Adenosine	80-89	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	134-137
8443917-13	1993	CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that 1) in sustained myocardial ischemia, SOD treatment attenuates ischemic injury caused by coronary microembolization by restoration of 5"-nucleotidase activity and augmentation of adenosine release; 2) this beneficial effect of SOD is observed even after coronary microembolization; and 3) the beneficial effects of SOD are attributable to coronary vasodilation produced by augmented adenosine release.	Adenosine	208-217	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	67-70
8443917-13	1993	CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that 1) in sustained myocardial ischemia, SOD treatment attenuates ischemic injury caused by coronary microembolization by restoration of 5"-nucleotidase activity and augmentation of adenosine release; 2) this beneficial effect of SOD is observed even after coronary microembolization; and 3) the beneficial effects of SOD are attributable to coronary vasodilation produced by augmented adenosine release.	Adenosine	412-421	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	67-70
8458024-6	1993	CONCLUSIONS: (1) Endogenous adenosine released during acute global hypoxia causes AV nodal conduction block observed under these conditions in the guinea pig heart in vivo; and (2) this action of adenosine in the AV node is mediated by an A1 adenosine receptor and a pertussis toxin sensitive G protein.	Adenosine	28-37	adenosine receptor A1	Cavia porcellus	239-260
8382084-5	1993	Additionally, NaF and A23187 completely abrogated adenosine inhibition of fMLP-stimulated neutrophil adherence.	Adenosine	50-59	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	14-17
8382084-8	1993	These data indicate that adenosine inhibits a G-protein-dependent pathway of fMLP stimulation by uncoupling G proteins from the fMLP receptor.	Adenosine	25-34	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	128-141
8419539-6	1993	The peptide bradykinin, determined to be coupled to phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis and internal Ca2+ mobilization in chromaffin cells, exhibited a behavior similar to that of P2y agonists in adenosine transport inhibition (39%).	Adenosine	192-201	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	12-22
8381612-2	1993	Incubation of cells for 60 s with 100 nM ANG II produced a two- to threefold enhancement of cAMP stimulation when coupled with isoproterenol, prostaglandin I2, or adenosine.	Adenosine	163-172	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	41-47
8458024-6	1993	CONCLUSIONS: (1) Endogenous adenosine released during acute global hypoxia causes AV nodal conduction block observed under these conditions in the guinea pig heart in vivo; and (2) this action of adenosine in the AV node is mediated by an A1 adenosine receptor and a pertussis toxin sensitive G protein.	Adenosine	196-205	adenosine receptor A1	Cavia porcellus	239-260
8423042-6	1993	These results indicate that in cirrhotic patients with ascites and overactivity of the renin-angiotensin system, dipyridamole induces renal vasoconstriction in the absence of changes in systemic hemodynamics, suggesting that these patients are particularly sensitive to the renal vasoconstrictor effect of endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	317-326	renin	Homo sapiens	87-92
8359193-2	1993	As the dose in the 1 min infusion study was increased the mean CL of adenosine decreased (10.7, 4.70 and 4.14 l.min-1, respectively), its mean half-life increased (0.91, 1.24 and 1.86 min, respectively), and the mean volume of distribution did not show any clear trend (8-13 l).	Adenosine	69-78	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	112-117
8359193-3	1993	After the 20 minute infusion the plasma level of adenosine reached a peak value comparable to that observed after infusion of 5 mg in 1 min (about 0.5 micrograms.ml-1), but the mean clearance and half-life were significantly different (12.1 l.min-1 and 0.63 min respectively).	Adenosine	49-58	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	243-248
8505858-6	1993	TNF inhibition could be an important mechanism by which adenosine analogs exert their antiinflammatory action.	Adenosine	56-65	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-3
8382188-2	1993	Adenosine (0.1-10 microM) pretreatment of PMN concentration-dependently inhibited the superoxide anion generation (O2-) in response to formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP).	Adenosine	0-9	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	174-178
8382188-3	1993	The priming by PAF (1 microM) for an increased O2- generation by FMLP-stimulated PMN was completely blocked by adenosine pretreatment.	Adenosine	111-120	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	65-69
8382188-6	1993	FMLP-induced PAF synthesis was reduced by adenosine to a similar extent as the inhibition of the respiratory burst.	Adenosine	42-51	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
8382188-8	1993	These findings indicate that short-term, direct stimulants (FMLP) or priming agents (PAF) are subject to modulation by the endothelial product adenosine, whereas the priming and direct stimulation of the respiratory burst by the longer-acting agent, rhTNF-alpha is unaffected.	Adenosine	143-152	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
8382188-9	1993	Moreover, differential inhibition of PMN activation by adenosine reveals important functional differences in the signalling mechanisms initiated by PAF, FMLP and rhTNF-alpha.	Adenosine	55-64	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	153-157
1491449-1	1992	In the kidney, adenosine plays important regulatory roles, including renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, renin secretion, tubuloglomerular feedback, tubular reabsorption of sodium and water, sympathetic neurotransmitter release, and erythropoietin secretion.	Adenosine	15-24	renin	Homo sapiens	115-120
1361013-9	1992	CONCLUSIONS: Serum deaminase adenosine may be a useful evolutive marker for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 given that its activity increases significantly in infected patients in agreement with the grade of immunodeficiency and its values correlate well with those of reference markers (CD4+ lymphocytes and beta 2-microglobulin).	Adenosine	29-38	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	292-295
1337912-8	1992	Infusions of adenosine promoted the release of active renin and angiotensin II from the forearm and the coronary vessels.	Adenosine	13-22	renin	Homo sapiens	54-59
1337912-8	1992	Infusions of adenosine promoted the release of active renin and angiotensin II from the forearm and the coronary vessels.	Adenosine	13-22	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	64-78
1491449-1	1992	In the kidney, adenosine plays important regulatory roles, including renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, renin secretion, tubuloglomerular feedback, tubular reabsorption of sodium and water, sympathetic neurotransmitter release, and erythropoietin secretion.	Adenosine	15-24	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	243-257
1415760-2	1992	Interstitial adenosine concentration was reduced or enhanced by intracoronary infusion of adenosine deaminase or the nucleoside transport inhibitor R 75231, respectively.	Adenosine	13-22	adenosine deaminase	Sus scrofa	90-109
1439397-11	1992	The main pharmacological modulator of erythropoietin production seems to be adenosine.	Adenosine	76-85	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	38-52
1415780-6	1992	Adenosine deaminase (data from both infusion rates pooled) reduced epicardial adenosine from 0.327 +/- 0.028 to 0.139 +/- 0.022 microM, endocardial adenosine from 4.61 +/- 0.42 to 1.64 +/- 0.20 microM, and venous adenosine from 0.017 +/- 0.02 to 0.003 +/- 0.001 microM.	Adenosine	78-87	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	0-19
1415780-6	1992	Adenosine deaminase (data from both infusion rates pooled) reduced epicardial adenosine from 0.327 +/- 0.028 to 0.139 +/- 0.022 microM, endocardial adenosine from 4.61 +/- 0.42 to 1.64 +/- 0.20 microM, and venous adenosine from 0.017 +/- 0.02 to 0.003 +/- 0.001 microM.	Adenosine	148-157	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	0-19
1415780-6	1992	Adenosine deaminase (data from both infusion rates pooled) reduced epicardial adenosine from 0.327 +/- 0.028 to 0.139 +/- 0.022 microM, endocardial adenosine from 4.61 +/- 0.42 to 1.64 +/- 0.20 microM, and venous adenosine from 0.017 +/- 0.02 to 0.003 +/- 0.001 microM.	Adenosine	148-157	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	0-19
1328441-7	1992	H-9 also antagonized the inhibition of superoxide production induced by other agents that regulate intracellular cAMP (prostaglandin E1, histamine, adenosine, forskolin, and dibutyryl cAMP).	Adenosine	148-157	G protein-coupled receptor 50	Homo sapiens	0-3
1415780-10	1992	Previous studies in which it was assumed that almost all of the endogenous adenosine is inactivated by the infusion of adenosine deaminase should be reevaluated in light of these observations.	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	119-138
1398881-14	1992	Finally, animal studies suggest that endogenous adenosine plays a role in the regulation of the baroreceptor reflex and restrains the full expression of renin-dependent hypertension.	Adenosine	48-57	renin	Homo sapiens	153-158
1424569-5	1992	Purines ranked as follows; adenine > adenosine > AMP > inosine > IMP in decreasing order of toxicity to LXD-adenine flies.	Adenosine	40-49	Molybdenum cofactor synthesis 1	Drosophila melanogaster	116-119
1333596-5	1992	Adenosine (1 microM-1 mM) dose-dependently inhibited thrombin-induced aggregation and serotonin secretion, and increased cyclic AMP.	Adenosine	0-9	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	53-61
1333596-8	1992	The rank order of inhibition of thrombin-induced aggregation of washed human platelets was adenosine > GTP > ATP > guanosine.	Adenosine	91-100	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	32-40
1425965-7	1992	However, caffeine augmented and adenosine attenuated the increase in filtration fraction caused by angiotensin II.	Adenosine	32-41	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	99-113
1325999-8	1992	These results indicate that luminal degradation of cAMP into adenosine, followed by cellular uptake of the nucleoside by tubular cells, is a key event which accounts for the phosphaturic effect of exogenous cAMP and for the part of the phosphaturic effect of PTH which is mediated by cAMP added to the tubular lumen under the influence of the hormone.	Adenosine	61-70	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	259-262
1360898-9	1992	Direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified segments of the apo E gene as well as restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with the endonuclease Taq I identified an adenosine for guanosine (G-->A) exchange in the second base of codon 127 that is predictive for an Asp for Gly substitution in the encoded apo E amino acid sequence.	Adenosine	200-209	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	79-84
1360898-9	1992	Direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified segments of the apo E gene as well as restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with the endonuclease Taq I identified an adenosine for guanosine (G-->A) exchange in the second base of codon 127 that is predictive for an Asp for Gly substitution in the encoded apo E amino acid sequence.	Adenosine	200-209	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	339-344
1514350-1	1992	Adenosine, an endogenous compound with a known antinociceptive effect when administered into the CNS, was applied in nine patients (21-65 years) by the peripheral intravenous route (70-130 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) as a replacement for peroperative opioids during inhalation anaesthesia for surgical procedures not requiring muscle relaxation.	Adenosine	0-9	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	205-210
1409319-0	1992	Role of 5-HT2 receptor subtypes in mediating adenosine-induced airway contraction.	Adenosine	45-54	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens	8-22
1360642-4	1992	Studies of intracellular recordings of CA3 pyramidal neurons showed that the amplitude of EPSP was dramatically enhanced by application of adenosine at low concentration (0.1 microM) without changing resting membrane potentials, membrane conductance or the threshold for spike generation by injecting current pulses.	Adenosine	139-148	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	39-42
1638465-6	1992	This paper considers the physicochemical properties of human erythropoietin, pharmacologic agents that increase and decrease erythropoietin production/secretion, serum erythropoietin levels in normal human subjects and in patients with several types of anemia, and a model for the role of adenosine and other external messenger substances in erythropoietin biosynthesis/secretion.	Adenosine	289-298	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	61-75
1324608-10	1992	1,3-Dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX), an adenosine antagonist with selectivity for the A1 receptor, prevented the inhibitory effects of adenosine, CHA, and NECA on AVP-stimulated cAMP formation.	Adenosine	142-151	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	170-173
1324608-0	1992	Differential effect of basolateral and apical adenosine on AVP-stimulated cAMP formation in primary culture of IMCD.	Adenosine	46-55	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
1324608-1	1992	It has been recently established that adenosine interferes with the ability of arginine vasopressin (AVP) to generate adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) in inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells in culture.	Adenosine	38-47	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
1324608-2	1992	The aim of the current study was to determine whether this interaction of adenosine with AVP is mediated by adenosine from the basolateral (B) and/or the apical (A) surface of the tubule cell.	Adenosine	74-83	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
1417904-5	1992	Thus a cascade of events may promote adenosine relaxation in small coronary arteries: higher activity of 5"-nucleotidase leads to production of more adenosine, larger number of receptors allows greater reactivity to adenosine, and lower adenosine deaminase level promotes prolonged action of adenosine.	Adenosine	37-46	adenosine deaminase	Sus scrofa	237-256
1324608-2	1992	The aim of the current study was to determine whether this interaction of adenosine with AVP is mediated by adenosine from the basolateral (B) and/or the apical (A) surface of the tubule cell.	Adenosine	108-117	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
1324608-6	1992	When AVP was applied to the B surface, 10(-6) M adenosine inhibited AVP-stimulated cAMP formation from the B side only, whereas adenosine at 10(-4) M inhibited cAMP formation from both B and A sides.	Adenosine	48-57	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
1324608-6	1992	When AVP was applied to the B surface, 10(-6) M adenosine inhibited AVP-stimulated cAMP formation from the B side only, whereas adenosine at 10(-4) M inhibited cAMP formation from both B and A sides.	Adenosine	48-57	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
1324608-6	1992	When AVP was applied to the B surface, 10(-6) M adenosine inhibited AVP-stimulated cAMP formation from the B side only, whereas adenosine at 10(-4) M inhibited cAMP formation from both B and A sides.	Adenosine	128-137	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
1324608-9	1992	When AVP was applied to the A surface, the inhibitory effects of adenosine were the same as when AVP was applied to the B surface; CHA, NECA, and DDA inhibited AVP-stimulated cAMP formation from both the B and A surfaces.	Adenosine	65-74	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
1417911-4	1992	Depletion of adenosine in RPE cells by adenosine deaminase increases the rate of both glucose transport and 14CO2 formation and improves insulin-sensitivity of both processes.	Adenosine	13-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	137-144
1417911-5	1992	The effects of TPA on RPE cells cannot be explained by the activation of protein kinase C. An alternative possibility is that the effects of TPA on insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in RPE cells is mediated by a change in adenosine concentration and/or the affinity/number of its receptors.	Adenosine	224-233	insulin	Homo sapiens	148-155
1327950-1	1992	Previous reports have shown that adenosine in rat inhibits both spontaneous and ACTH-induced release of corticosteroids through activation of adenosine A1 receptors.	Adenosine	33-42	proopiomelanocortin	Canis lupus familiaris	80-84
1321639-1	1992	Comparison of adenosine effects on thrombin- and epinephrine-induced platelet stimulation.	Adenosine	14-23	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	35-43
1321639-8	1992	Adenosine inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and the rise in intracellular calcium in a dose-dependent manner.	Adenosine	0-9	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	20-28
1321639-9	1992	At a concentration of 100 mumol/L, adenosine completely inhibited thrombin-induced aggregation, but only partly inhibited the rise in intracellular calcium (55%).	Adenosine	35-44	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	66-74
1321639-10	1992	Adenosine also partially inhibited the rise in calcium produced by thrombin in both calcium-containing and calcium-free media, suggesting that adenosine inhibits both calcium influx and calcium mobilization.	Adenosine	0-9	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	67-75
1321639-10	1992	Adenosine also partially inhibited the rise in calcium produced by thrombin in both calcium-containing and calcium-free media, suggesting that adenosine inhibits both calcium influx and calcium mobilization.	Adenosine	143-152	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	67-75
1451157-3	1992	METHODS: Increasing doses of adenosine were given to seven male patients with ischaemic heart disease referred for coronary angiography: first as a bolus intracoronary injection (2.5-50 mumol), second as a 1 ml.min-1 steady state infusion (0.01-20 mumol.min-1) and third as an intravenous steady state infusion (0.076-0.76 mumol.kg-1 x min-1).	Adenosine	29-38	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	211-216
1451157-3	1992	METHODS: Increasing doses of adenosine were given to seven male patients with ischaemic heart disease referred for coronary angiography: first as a bolus intracoronary injection (2.5-50 mumol), second as a 1 ml.min-1 steady state infusion (0.01-20 mumol.min-1) and third as an intravenous steady state infusion (0.076-0.76 mumol.kg-1 x min-1).	Adenosine	29-38	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	254-259
1451157-3	1992	METHODS: Increasing doses of adenosine were given to seven male patients with ischaemic heart disease referred for coronary angiography: first as a bolus intracoronary injection (2.5-50 mumol), second as a 1 ml.min-1 steady state infusion (0.01-20 mumol.min-1) and third as an intravenous steady state infusion (0.076-0.76 mumol.kg-1 x min-1).	Adenosine	29-38	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	254-259
1590359-4	1992	Pretreatment of hepatocytes with 100 microM 4-methylpyrazole, an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, completely blocked ethanol-induced increases in extracellular adenosine at 12.5 and 25 mM ethanol.	Adenosine	163-172	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	78-99
1592466-0	1992	Adenosine activates a vascular renin-angiotensin system in hypertensive subjects.	Adenosine	0-9	renin	Homo sapiens	31-36
1592466-4	1992	In control conditions, adenosine, at higher doses, caused a dose-dependent vasodilation and increased venous angiotensin II without affecting arterial values; therefore, the calculated angiotensin II net balance showed an adenosine-mediated dose-dependent release.	Adenosine	23-32	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	109-123
1592466-4	1992	In control conditions, adenosine, at higher doses, caused a dose-dependent vasodilation and increased venous angiotensin II without affecting arterial values; therefore, the calculated angiotensin II net balance showed an adenosine-mediated dose-dependent release.	Adenosine	23-32	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	185-199
1592466-4	1992	In control conditions, adenosine, at higher doses, caused a dose-dependent vasodilation and increased venous angiotensin II without affecting arterial values; therefore, the calculated angiotensin II net balance showed an adenosine-mediated dose-dependent release.	Adenosine	222-231	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	109-123
1592466-4	1992	In control conditions, adenosine, at higher doses, caused a dose-dependent vasodilation and increased venous angiotensin II without affecting arterial values; therefore, the calculated angiotensin II net balance showed an adenosine-mediated dose-dependent release.	Adenosine	222-231	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	185-199
1592466-7	1992	Our data indicate that exogenous adenosine can stimulate the production of angiotensin II in the forearm vessels of hypertensive patients.	Adenosine	33-42	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	75-89
1316152-7	1992	In the absence of NDP, both intact p72 and the dissociated 18-kDa subunits (p18) were shown to undergo Mg(2+)-dependent stoichiometric autophosphorylation utilizing adenosine and guanosine triphosphate or gamma-thiotriphosphate as phosphate donor.	Adenosine	165-174	DEAD-box helicase 17	Homo sapiens	35-38
1316152-7	1992	In the absence of NDP, both intact p72 and the dissociated 18-kDa subunits (p18) were shown to undergo Mg(2+)-dependent stoichiometric autophosphorylation utilizing adenosine and guanosine triphosphate or gamma-thiotriphosphate as phosphate donor.	Adenosine	165-174	H3 histone pseudogene 12	Homo sapiens	76-79
1736931-3	1992	These data, showing that dipyridamole decreases PRA and aldosterone, confirm also in hypertensives that endogenous adenosine inhibits the circulating renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.	Adenosine	115-124	renin	Homo sapiens	150-155
1311718-16	1992	We conclude that adenosine activates a 305-pS Cl- channel in the apical membrane of RCCT-28A cells by a membrane-delimited pathway involving an A1 adenosine receptor, phospholipase C, diacylglycerol, PKC, and a G protein.	Adenosine	17-26	LOC100009319	Oryctolagus cuniculus	167-182
1371803-14	1992	In conclusion, adenosine appears to be an effective inhibitor of neutrophil granule protein secretion induced by fMLP but only a weak inhibitor of exocytosis in response to TNF or GM-CSF.	Adenosine	15-24	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	113-117
1371803-14	1992	In conclusion, adenosine appears to be an effective inhibitor of neutrophil granule protein secretion induced by fMLP but only a weak inhibitor of exocytosis in response to TNF or GM-CSF.	Adenosine	15-24	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	173-176
1735985-4	1992	The enzyme responsible for the conversion of adenosine monophosphate to adenosine is 5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	45-54	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 5'-nucleotidase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	85-100
1312801-1	1992	The effect of chronic carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration on liver mitochondria function and the protective action of adenosine on CCl4-induced damage were assessed in rats made cirrhotic by long-term exposure to the hepatotoxin (8 weeks).	Adenosine	125-134	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	138-142
1312801-6	1992	Adenosine treatment of CCl4-poisoned rats partially prevented the alterations in mitochondria membrane composition and prevented, almost completely, the impairment of mitochondria function induced by CCl4.	Adenosine	0-9	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	23-27
1312801-6	1992	Adenosine treatment of CCl4-poisoned rats partially prevented the alterations in mitochondria membrane composition and prevented, almost completely, the impairment of mitochondria function induced by CCl4.	Adenosine	0-9	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	200-204
1312801-7	1992	Although the nature of the protective action of adenosine on CCl4-induced mitochondria injury remains to be elucidated, such action at this level might play an important role in the partial prevention of liver damage induced by the CCl4.	Adenosine	48-57	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
1312801-7	1992	Although the nature of the protective action of adenosine on CCl4-induced mitochondria injury remains to be elucidated, such action at this level might play an important role in the partial prevention of liver damage induced by the CCl4.	Adenosine	48-57	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	232-236
1371803-4	1992	Both adenosine and 2-chloroadenosine were effective inhibitors of lactoferrin secretion induced by the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionine-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) [50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of less than 10(-6) M].	Adenosine	5-14	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	165-169
1952168-4	1991	Adenosine was given in infusion rates of 15, 30, 60, and 120 micrograms.kg-1.min-1.	Adenosine	0-9	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	77-82
1311596-11	1992	Maximal dilatation induced at the highest dose of adenosine (1220 micrograms min-1) was similar in young and elderly: 79 +/- 25% vs 88 +/- 28%, P = 0.26.	Adenosine	50-59	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	77-82
1350772-3	1992	Adenosine and inosine effectively countered the damage when these were given before and during the period during which CCl4 produces the typical damage.	Adenosine	0-9	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	119-123
1952168-7	1991	Great cardiac vein flow and coronary sinus flow increased 60% with adenosine infusion of 30-60 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 and 120% with 120 micrograms.kg-1.min-1.	Adenosine	67-76	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	111-116
1952168-9	1991	Adenosine caused a significant depression of the ST segment at infusion rates of 60 and 120 micrograms.kg-1.min-1.	Adenosine	0-9	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	108-113
1666665-1	1991	Adenosine inhibits platelet aggregation and elevates the levels of cytoplasmic Ca2+ induced by thrombin, 0.3 U/ml).	Adenosine	0-9	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	95-103
1662948-8	1991	It appears that A23187 raises cAMP in human neutrophils by a calmodulin-dependent potentiation of adenylate cyclase responsiveness to endogenously produced adenosine while the chemoattractant-induced cAMP elevations (FMLP), leukotriene B4, and C5a), although possibly Ca2+ dependent, are less sensitive to calmodulin inhibitors and may involve additional biochemical events.	Adenosine	156-165	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	217-221
1662948-8	1991	It appears that A23187 raises cAMP in human neutrophils by a calmodulin-dependent potentiation of adenylate cyclase responsiveness to endogenously produced adenosine while the chemoattractant-induced cAMP elevations (FMLP), leukotriene B4, and C5a), although possibly Ca2+ dependent, are less sensitive to calmodulin inhibitors and may involve additional biochemical events.	Adenosine	156-165	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	244-247
1662948-6	1991	The neutrophil cAMP elevations caused by chemoattractants leukotriene B4, C5a, and N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP) were all prevented when endogenously produced adenosine was eliminated from the cell suspensions by the addition of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	182-191	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	130-134
1687852-7	1991	Pulse rate rose by 12 min-1 (P less than 0.01) during adenosine infusion following placebo, but not after theophylline alone or theophylline and adenosine combined.	Adenosine	54-63	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	22-27
1687852-9	1991	The respiratory rate fell by 6 min-1 (P less than 0.01) during treatment with adenosine only, being lower than for the two treatments containing theophylline (P less than 0.05).	Adenosine	78-87	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	31-36
1919425-6	1991	The maximal tolerable dose of adenosine was 108 +/- 6 micrograms kg-1 min-1.	Adenosine	30-39	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	70-75
1930301-3	1991	We investigated the metabolism of some adenosine analogues in adenosine deaminase inhibited normal and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficient human erythrocytes.	Adenosine	39-48	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	103-136
1656978-1	1991	The inhibitory effect of adenosine (ADO) and pentoxifylline (POF) was studied alone and in combination on the N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) stimulated superoxide anion production of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL).	Adenosine	25-34	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	151-155
1656978-1	1991	The inhibitory effect of adenosine (ADO) and pentoxifylline (POF) was studied alone and in combination on the N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) stimulated superoxide anion production of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL).	Adenosine	36-39	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	151-155
1872876-4	1991	The data presented in this report show that a single point mutation changing the uridine branch acceptor into a commonly preferred adenosine residue results in the predominant production of CT mRNA in otherwise CGRP-I mRNA-producing F9 cells.	Adenosine	131-140	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	190-192
1916091-8	1991	The myriad modulatory actions of adenosine suggest that: 1) adenosine may simultaneously produce multiple effects within the same cell; and 2) activation of A1 receptors may lead to either a decrease or an increase in the coupling of other receptors to their G proteins.	Adenosine	33-42	BCL2 related protein A1	Homo sapiens	157-159
1745603-0	1991	Postsynaptic inhibition by adenosine in hippocampal CA3 neurons: Co(2+)-sensitive activation of an inwardly rectifying K+ conductance.	Adenosine	27-36	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	52-55
1745603-1	1991	The properties of the current underlying the membrane hyperpolarization evoked by adenosine (50-100 microM) were investigated in hippocampal CA3 neurons in vitro using current-clamp and single-electrode voltage-clamp techniques.	Adenosine	82-91	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	141-144
1653522-1	1991	The present studies were undertaken to assess the direct effects of N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA), a stable adenosine analogue, on erythropoietin (Ep) secretion in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Hep 3B).	Adenosine	81-90	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	130-144
1934944-3	1991	Thirty-seven patients (six female) aged 37-74 years with IHD, verified by coronary angiography, were given up to 200 micrograms kg-1 min-1 (mean 155 +/- 5) adenosine i.v.	Adenosine	156-165	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	133-138
1872876-4	1991	The data presented in this report show that a single point mutation changing the uridine branch acceptor into a commonly preferred adenosine residue results in the predominant production of CT mRNA in otherwise CGRP-I mRNA-producing F9 cells.	Adenosine	131-140	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	211-217
1865359-7	1991	After 7 days of caffeine abstinence, the adenosine analog 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine produced a dose-dependent inhibition of thrombin-induced aggregation (EC50 = 69 nM).	Adenosine	41-50	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	129-137
1658295-0	1991	Adenosine effects on the rat pineal gland in vitro: cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, N-acetyltransferase, and thyroxine type II 5"-deiodinase activities and melatonin production.	Adenosine	0-9	N-acetyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-110
1919618-1	1991	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcy hydrolase, EC 3.3.1.1), a specific target for antiviral drug design, catalyzes the hydrolysis of AdoHcy to adenosine (Ado) and homocysteine (Hcy) as well as the synthesis of AdoHcy from Ado and Hcy.	Adenosine	151-160	adenosylhomocysteinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-35
1791629-5	1991	We investigated the effect of some of these drugs on the ADO-mediated inhibition of the fMLP-induced respiratory burst in neutrophils (as measured by lucigenin-enhanced luminescence), in undiluted whole blood.	Adenosine	57-60	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	88-92
1708903-9	1991	This agent partially blocked NaCl-induced inhibition of renin release, suggesting a possible role of adenosine in MD control of renin secretion.	Adenosine	101-110	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: renin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	56-61
1708903-9	1991	This agent partially blocked NaCl-induced inhibition of renin release, suggesting a possible role of adenosine in MD control of renin secretion.	Adenosine	101-110	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: renin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	128-133
1919618-1	1991	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcy hydrolase, EC 3.3.1.1), a specific target for antiviral drug design, catalyzes the hydrolysis of AdoHcy to adenosine (Ado) and homocysteine (Hcy) as well as the synthesis of AdoHcy from Ado and Hcy.	Adenosine	37-40	adenosylhomocysteinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-35
1919618-1	1991	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcy hydrolase, EC 3.3.1.1), a specific target for antiviral drug design, catalyzes the hydrolysis of AdoHcy to adenosine (Ado) and homocysteine (Hcy) as well as the synthesis of AdoHcy from Ado and Hcy.	Adenosine	141-144	adenosylhomocysteinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-35
1648643-5	1991	Similarly, adenosine release was greater in medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL) suspensions incubated for 8 minutes at 0% versus 8% oxygen (0.81 +/- 0.17 vs. 0.20 +/- 0.12 ng/micrograms protein, respectively).	Adenosine	11-20	talipes	Mus musculus	76-80
1881037-2	1991	Local generation of adenosine by the macula densa cells and its release into the interstitium of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is considered to be the link between the enhanced NaCl concentration in the tubular fluid and the subsequent responses including preglomerular vasoconstriction and reduction of renin release by the juxtaglomerular cells.	Adenosine	20-29	renin	Homo sapiens	310-315
1881056-3	1991	Acceleration of adenosine deamination as well as adenosine receptor blockade markedly reduced the effect of distal NaCl concentration on SNGFR or PSF.	Adenosine	16-25	insulin like growth factor binding protein 7	Homo sapiens	146-149
1714001-0	1991	Effect of angiotensin II on plasma adenosine concentrations in the rat.	Adenosine	35-44	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	10-24
1714001-1	1991	Our previous studies indicate that angiotensin II may stimulate release of adenosine from rat lungs, leading to an increase in plasma adenosine concentrations in renovascular hypertensive rats.	Adenosine	75-84	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	35-49
1714001-1	1991	Our previous studies indicate that angiotensin II may stimulate release of adenosine from rat lungs, leading to an increase in plasma adenosine concentrations in renovascular hypertensive rats.	Adenosine	134-143	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	35-49
1714001-2	1991	Such an increase in plasma adenosine levels might be of physiological importance since this nucleoside is a known inhibitor of renin release and could therefore participate in a negative feedback loop whereby angiotensin II could limit its own biosynthesis.	Adenosine	27-36	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	209-223
1714001-3	1991	However, our previous studies examining angiotensin II-induced adenosine release were performed under nonphysiological conditions involving, in one case, perfusion of rat lungs with a salt solution and, in another case, collection of plasma adenosine samples from anesthetized, laparotomized rats.	Adenosine	63-72	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	40-54
1714001-3	1991	However, our previous studies examining angiotensin II-induced adenosine release were performed under nonphysiological conditions involving, in one case, perfusion of rat lungs with a salt solution and, in another case, collection of plasma adenosine samples from anesthetized, laparotomized rats.	Adenosine	241-250	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	40-54
1714001-4	1991	In the present study, we have addressed the hypothesis that angiotensin II stimulates an increase in plasma adenosine concentrations under more physiological conditions.	Adenosine	108-117	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	60-74
1714001-6	1991	Both ventricular and venous plasma levels of adenosine were significantly elevated in anesthetized rats during acute infusions of angiotensin II at 10 ng/min but not at the higher and lower infusion rates.	Adenosine	45-54	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	130-144
2022671-3	1991	The catalytic activity of the recombinant adenylylcyclase can be stimulated by Gs alpha, calmodulin, or forskolin, and it can be inhibited by adenosine analogs and by G protein beta gamma subunit.	Adenosine	142-151	calmodulin	Bos taurus	89-99
1648643-7	1991	These studies demonstrate that: 1) the renal medulla and medullary thick ascending limb are sites of adenosine release; 2) adenosine release by the mTAL is enhanced significantly during hypoxic conditions; and 3) the increased release of adenosine during hypoxia appears to be related to ion transport and oxidative metabolism, as the increased release was prevented by two disparate inhibitors of transport in this segment.	Adenosine	101-110	talipes	Mus musculus	148-152
1648643-7	1991	These studies demonstrate that: 1) the renal medulla and medullary thick ascending limb are sites of adenosine release; 2) adenosine release by the mTAL is enhanced significantly during hypoxic conditions; and 3) the increased release of adenosine during hypoxia appears to be related to ion transport and oxidative metabolism, as the increased release was prevented by two disparate inhibitors of transport in this segment.	Adenosine	123-132	talipes	Mus musculus	148-152
1648643-7	1991	These studies demonstrate that: 1) the renal medulla and medullary thick ascending limb are sites of adenosine release; 2) adenosine release by the mTAL is enhanced significantly during hypoxic conditions; and 3) the increased release of adenosine during hypoxia appears to be related to ion transport and oxidative metabolism, as the increased release was prevented by two disparate inhibitors of transport in this segment.	Adenosine	123-132	talipes	Mus musculus	148-152
2012208-7	1991	Our interpretation of these observations is that 1) ATP and ADP depolarize smooth muscle membrane by a direct action and hyperpolarize the membrane indirectly through the release of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, 2) AMP and adenosine hyperpolarize the membrane, independently of the endothelium, and 3) ATP receptors present on the endothelial cell membrane differ from those on smooth muscle membrane.	Adenosine	237-246	solute carrier family 45, member 2	Mus musculus	52-55
2016524-11	1991	Again, substantial enhancement of the TNF-induced cytolysis was observed by ATP and only a minor effect by adenosine.	Adenosine	107-116	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	38-41
1712436-0	1991	Pharmacological blockade of Cl- pumps or Cl- channels reduces the adenosine-mediated depression of stimulus train-evoked Ca2+ fluxes in rat hippocampal slices.	Adenosine	66-75	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
2072865-6	1991	We suppose that adenosine needs a functioning A II receptor system for its vasoconstrictor action, whereas A II can induce a nonadenosine-dependent vasoconstriction.	Adenosine	16-25	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
1828236-6	1991	The adenosine agonists, L-PIA (a preferentially A-1 adenosine agonist) and NECA (an A-1 and A-2 adenosine agonist with above 10-fold greater affinity for A-2 than L-PIA) inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the effect of bromocriptine, NECA being above ten times more potent than L-PIA.	Adenosine	4-13	brain protein 1	Mus musculus	84-87
2054670-0	1991	Adenosine depresses induction of LTP at the mossy fiber-CA3 synapse in vitro.	Adenosine	0-9	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	56-59
1675224-5	1991	Somatotropin is implicated in the chronic adaptations of the beta-adrenergic system, whereas insulin, somatotropin, glucocorticoids, and at least one unidentified factor have a role in the chronic control of the adenosine system of adipocytes.	Adenosine	212-221	insulin	Homo sapiens	93-100
1675224-5	1991	Somatotropin is implicated in the chronic adaptations of the beta-adrenergic system, whereas insulin, somatotropin, glucocorticoids, and at least one unidentified factor have a role in the chronic control of the adenosine system of adipocytes.	Adenosine	212-221	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	102-114
1905625-6	1991	The in vitro studies indicate that AHR-12245 is a weak inhibitor of benzodiazepine (BDZ) receptor binding but does inhibit adenosine uptake.	Adenosine	123-132	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor	Mus musculus	35-38
2064369-0	1991	Adenosine: a physiological brake on renin release.	Adenosine	0-9	renin	Homo sapiens	36-41
2064369-1	1991	Since the discovery over 20 years ago that adenosine inhibits renin release, our knowledge of the biochemistry, cell biology, and renal physiology of adenosine has expanded enormously.	Adenosine	43-52	renin	Homo sapiens	62-67
2064369-3	1991	It is my hope that the model of renin release presented in this review--although perhaps incorrect in some details--provides a consolidated, and therefore useful, perspective on the role of adenosine as a regulator of renin release.	Adenosine	190-199	renin	Homo sapiens	32-37
2064369-3	1991	It is my hope that the model of renin release presented in this review--although perhaps incorrect in some details--provides a consolidated, and therefore useful, perspective on the role of adenosine as a regulator of renin release.	Adenosine	190-199	renin	Homo sapiens	218-223
1898656-5	1991	Exogenous adenosine (10 microM) was deaminated at a rate of 9.8 +/- 3.7 amol/cell per minute in control or zymosan or fMLP-stimulated PMN suspensions.	Adenosine	10-19	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	118-122
2065697-3	1991	During intravenous infusion of adenosine (Maximum dose per min: mean 130 micrograms kg-1) mean minute ventilation increased from 5.5 to 10.9 l min-1 while mean plasma adenosine concentration in the aortic arch increased from 0.07 to 1.2 microM.	Adenosine	31-40	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	143-148
1761193-4	1991	Adenosine and ATP inhibited the field stimulation responses of rat prostatic vas deferens by 56 and 50% respectively.	Adenosine	0-9	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
1761193-9	1991	8-Phenyltheophylline</compound-id>, the selective blocker of the A1 subtype of the P1 receptor, partly reversed adenosine-induced inhibition of the vas deferens FS responses.	Adenosine	112-121	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	148-151
1761193-12	1991	Field stimulation responses of human vas deferens were also inhibited by both adenosine and ATP but to a lesser extent and more variably than in rat tissue.	Adenosine	78-87	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
1699953-10	1990	Adenosine analogues and cytochalasins also block the TNF-induced respiratory burst if added before, but not after, its onset.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	53-56
1771524-6	1991	Our results, carried out in PRP demonstrate that Dipyridamole inhibits platelet aggregation even in the absence of red blood cells which were supposed to enhance the antiplatelet effect by their reduced adenosine uptake.	Adenosine	203-212	prion protein	Homo sapiens	28-31
2282921-2	1990	At the lowest dose used (4.3 mg min-1) adenosine increased minute ventilation by 44% (P less than 0.01, n = 11) and reduced pulmonary vascular resistance by 20% (P less than 0.05) without causing other significant haemodynamic changes.	Adenosine	39-48	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	32-37
1988669-3	1991	The present study examines the role of endogenous adenosine in the regulation of renin in humans.	Adenosine	50-59	renin	Homo sapiens	81-86
1988669-12	1991	These data confirm that caffeine augments the PRA response to diazoxide and suggest that endogenous adenosine inhibits stimulated renin response in humans.	Adenosine	100-109	renin	Homo sapiens	130-135
20504706-13	1991	(1)-adrenergic agonists, H(1)-histaminergic agonists as well as adenosine potentiate cAMP formation elicited by the VIP, through a concomitant generation of prostaglandins mediated by a direct coupling with phospholipase A(2).	Adenosine	64-73	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	116-119
20504706-13	1991	(1)-adrenergic agonists, H(1)-histaminergic agonists as well as adenosine potentiate cAMP formation elicited by the VIP, through a concomitant generation of prostaglandins mediated by a direct coupling with phospholipase A(2).	Adenosine	64-73	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	207-225
1986374-5	1991	Cross-strand NOEs in two-dimensional NOESY spectra between a mismatched AH2 and an AH1" of the other mismatched base pair and between a mismatched GH8 and GNH1 of the other mismatch establish a purine-purine stacking pattern, adenosine over adenosine and guanosine over guanosine, which strongly stabilizes the duplex.	Adenosine	226-235	zinc finger RANBP2-type containing 3	Homo sapiens	72-75
1986374-5	1991	Cross-strand NOEs in two-dimensional NOESY spectra between a mismatched AH2 and an AH1" of the other mismatched base pair and between a mismatched GH8 and GNH1 of the other mismatch establish a purine-purine stacking pattern, adenosine over adenosine and guanosine over guanosine, which strongly stabilizes the duplex.	Adenosine	241-250	zinc finger RANBP2-type containing 3	Homo sapiens	72-75
2260986-3	1990	The results show that: (i) whilst the Ado-induced increment in ATP was AK dependent, that produced by SAM was independent of AK: and (ii) the SAM-induced increment in ATP was totally dependent on APRT and that some of the increment produced by Ado might also be APRT dependent.	Adenosine	38-41	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	71-73
2260986-3	1990	The results show that: (i) whilst the Ado-induced increment in ATP was AK dependent, that produced by SAM was independent of AK: and (ii) the SAM-induced increment in ATP was totally dependent on APRT and that some of the increment produced by Ado might also be APRT dependent.	Adenosine	38-41	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	196-200
2260986-3	1990	The results show that: (i) whilst the Ado-induced increment in ATP was AK dependent, that produced by SAM was independent of AK: and (ii) the SAM-induced increment in ATP was totally dependent on APRT and that some of the increment produced by Ado might also be APRT dependent.	Adenosine	38-41	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	262-266
2240636-2	1990	However, in animals adenosine by intrarenal infusion decreases renal blood flow (RBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine flow, and causes an inhibition of renin secretion.	Adenosine	20-29	renin	Homo sapiens	161-166
2221065-7	1990	In contrast, bombesin stimulation of gastrin release was potentiated by adenosine and CV 1808 but not altered by L-PIA.	Adenosine	72-81	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	37-44
2221065-0	1990	Dual modulation by adenosine of gastrin release from canine G-cells in primary culture.	Adenosine	19-28	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	32-39
2213012-4	1990	[3H]Adenosine uptake was saturable and could be inhibited by nitrobenzylthioinosine and dipyridamole and by pretreatment of the [3H]adenosine with adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	4-13	adenosine deaminase	Gallus gallus	147-166
2171361-0	1990	Interaction of adenosine with vasopressin in the inner medullary collecting duct.	Adenosine	15-24	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	30-41
2171361-2	1990	To test the hypothesis that Ado modulates cellular action of arginine vasopressin (AVP) as a tubular mechanism for the diuretic effect of Ado, interaction of Ado with AVP was studied in primary cell culture of rat inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) epithelium.	Adenosine	28-31	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	70-81
2221065-2	1990	We found two contrasting actions for adenosine: inhibition of forskolin-stimulated gastrin release and potentiation of bombesin-stimulated gastrin release.	Adenosine	37-46	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	83-90
2221065-12	1990	Enhancement of gastrin release by adenosine antagonists suggests functional restraint by endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	34-43	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	15-22
2221065-2	1990	We found two contrasting actions for adenosine: inhibition of forskolin-stimulated gastrin release and potentiation of bombesin-stimulated gastrin release.	Adenosine	37-46	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	139-146
2221065-4	1990	Forskolin-stimulated gastrin release was reduced by adenosine and the A1-selective agonist N6-(L-2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine (L-PIA) but not by the A2-selective agonist 2-phenylaminoadenosine (CV 1808).	Adenosine	52-61	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	21-28
2221065-12	1990	Enhancement of gastrin release by adenosine antagonists suggests functional restraint by endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	100-109	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	15-22
2394745-6	1990	B lymphoblasts release adenosine because of their combination of enzyme activities which produce or utilize adenosine (high AMP-5"-nucleotidase and relatively low adenosine kinase and adenosine deaminase activities).	Adenosine	23-32	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	163-179
2230733-5	1990	An altered version of the ribozyme which recognized the sequence in the coat protein gene was isolated in which a single adenosine residue in the enzymic loop of the ribozyme was deleted.	Adenosine	121-130	golgi phosphoprotein 3	Homo sapiens	72-84
2167912-2	1990	In human neutrophils stimulated with the chemotactic peptide FMLP, adenosine agonists inhibit O2- generation and degranulation.	Adenosine	67-76	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	61-65
2394745-10	1990	Any adenosine formed intracellularly in T lymphoblasts is likely to be efficiently salvaged back to AMP by an active adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	4-13	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	117-133
2166764-0	1990	Adenosine and related compounds counteract tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibition of neutrophil migration: implication of a novel cyclic AMP-independent action on the cell surface.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	43-70
2097616-0	1990	Behavioural effects of A1/A2 adenosine-selective antagonists in the mouse.	Adenosine	29-38	brain protein 1	Mus musculus	23-28
2207073-1	1990	The specificity of the ATP-binding site of rhodopsin kinase was studied with adenosine analogues that are competitive inhibitors.	Adenosine	77-86	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 7	Homo sapiens	43-59
2167802-8	1990	Adenosine (infused in steps from 40 to 80 micrograms min-1 kg-1 into a central vein) elicited a gradual reduction in the peripheral vascular resistance to less than 50% of the basal level.	Adenosine	0-9	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	53-63
2167802-12	1990	Skin blood flow increased by 100% at 50 micrograms of adenosine min-1 kg-1, whereas splanchnic blood flow rose significantly at 60 micrograms of adenosine min-1 kg-1.	Adenosine	145-154	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	155-165
2397024-0	1990	Adenosine and its analogue (-)-N6-R-phenyl-isopropyladenosine modulate anterior pituitary adenylate cyclase activity and prolactin secretion in the rat.	Adenosine	0-9	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	121-130
2397024-1	1990	The effect of adenosine and its analogue (-)-N6-R-phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA) on both anterior pituitary adenylate cyclase activity and prolactin secretion was examined in the rat.	Adenosine	14-23	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	139-148
2397024-2	1990	Adenosine inhibited basal adenylate cyclase activity in a dose-dependent manner and also reduced the stimulation of the enzyme by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).	Adenosine	0-9	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	161-164
2397024-3	1990	Likewise, in primary cultures of anterior pituitary cells, adenosine decreased prolactin secretion in both basal and VIP-stimulated conditions.	Adenosine	59-68	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	79-88
2397024-3	1990	Likewise, in primary cultures of anterior pituitary cells, adenosine decreased prolactin secretion in both basal and VIP-stimulated conditions.	Adenosine	59-68	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
2397024-4	1990	In perifusion experiments, adenosine also inhibited prolactin release in both basal and TRH-stimulated conditions.	Adenosine	27-36	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	52-61
2397024-8	1990	These data show that adenosine affects basal and stimulated prolactin secretion from anterior pituitary cells.	Adenosine	21-30	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	60-69
2163024-1	1990	BACKGROUND: Erythrocytosis occurs in 10 to 15 percent of renal-transplant recipients, and there is in vitro evidence that the production of erythropoietin is modulated by adenosine.	Adenosine	171-180	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	140-154
1696651-11	1990	We conclude that (a) Ang II can induce the release of adenosine from the perfused rat lung, (b) this effect is receptor mediated, (c) this response is somewhat selective for Ang II, and (d) exposure to high levels of exogenous or endogenous Ang II causes tachyphylaxis so that Ang II-induced adenosine release is attenuated.	Adenosine	54-63	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	21-27
1696651-1	1990	The purpose of the present study was to determine whether Ang II releases adenosine from the perfused rat lung.	Adenosine	74-83	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	58-64
1696651-11	1990	We conclude that (a) Ang II can induce the release of adenosine from the perfused rat lung, (b) this effect is receptor mediated, (c) this response is somewhat selective for Ang II, and (d) exposure to high levels of exogenous or endogenous Ang II causes tachyphylaxis so that Ang II-induced adenosine release is attenuated.	Adenosine	292-301	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	21-27
2360674-7	1990	Mercury light illumination of the pial vessels after intravenous injection of fluorescein dye, a technique that has been used by others to functionally damage endothelial cells, reversed ANG II (10(-6) M)-induced vasodilation into a -14.2 +/- 2.3% constriction while not affecting the response to adenosine.	Adenosine	297-306	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	187-193
2385755-1	1990	When an adenosine analogue, N6-(amido-3-propyl) adenosine hydrochloride (Agr 529) is administered systemically, it causes a substantial release of epinephrine (E) by the adrenal medulla with no change in plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels.	Adenosine	8-17	agrin	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
2203383-1	1990	Local hormones such as adenosine or prostaglandins can dramatically change the sensitivity of glucose transport in muscle to insulin.	Adenosine	23-32	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
2359405-0	1990	Adenosine inhibits the rise in intracellular calcium and platelet aggregation produced by thrombin: evidence that both effects are coupled to adenylate cyclase.	Adenosine	0-9	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	90-98
2359405-4	1990	We studied the effect of adenosine on the rise in [Ca2+]i and platelet aggregation produced by thrombin.	Adenosine	25-34	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	95-103
2359405-7	1990	Adenosine inhibited the slope of the first phase of aggregation and the rise in [Ca2+]i produced by thrombin, in a dose-dependent manner.	Adenosine	0-9	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	100-108
2359405-12	1990	Adenosine also inhibits the rise in [Ca2+]i produced by thrombin in a calcium-free medium, suggesting that adenosine inhibits both calcium influx and the release of calcium from intracellular stores.	Adenosine	0-9	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	56-64
2359405-12	1990	Adenosine also inhibits the rise in [Ca2+]i produced by thrombin in a calcium-free medium, suggesting that adenosine inhibits both calcium influx and the release of calcium from intracellular stores.	Adenosine	107-116	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	56-64
2162218-0	1990	Pertussis toxin pretreatment reveals differential effects of adenosine analogs on IgE-dependent histamine and peptidoleukotriene release from RBL-2H3 cells.	Adenosine	61-70	RB transcriptional corepressor like 2	Rattus norvegicus	142-147
2162218-8	1990	These findings demonstrate that adenosine analogs have two distinct mechanisms on mediator release from RBL-2H3 cells; a stimulatory effect on both histamine and LT release, mediated via a pertussis-toxin-sensitive G protein and an inhibitory effect on LT release via a pertussis-toxin-insensitive pathway.	Adenosine	32-41	RB transcriptional corepressor like 2	Rattus norvegicus	104-109
2385755-8	1990	The authors suggest that the central effect of Agr 529 results primarily from the inhibition of central acetylcholine release caused by adenosine analogues and review experimental arguments enabling this hypothesis to be supported.	Adenosine	136-145	agrin	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
2153547-0	1990	Metabolism of adenosine through adenosine kinase inhibits gluconeogenesis in isolated rat hepatocytes.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	32-48
2185276-1	1990	Adenosine has been proposed to act within the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) as a mediator of the inhibition of renin secretion produced by a high NaCl concentration at the macula densa.	Adenosine	0-9	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: renin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	113-118
2185276-10	1990	The findings support participation of adenosine in macula densa control of renin secretion.	Adenosine	38-47	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: renin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	75-80
2316526-4	1990	The Vmunich allele differed from the common normal M1(Val213) alpha 1AT allele by a single nucleotide substitution of cytosine for adenosine, with the resultant amino acid change Asp2 GAT----Ala GCT.	Adenosine	131-140	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	62-71
2155276-6	1990	While pentoxifylline is less potent than adenosine in its inhibition of fMLP-induced superoxide production, it is more potent in its inhibition of PMA- and beta-glucan particle-stimulated superoxide production.	Adenosine	41-50	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
2193746-0	1990	Catecholamine level and plasma renin activity during induced hypotension--adenosine vs sodium nitroprusside.	Adenosine	74-83	renin	Homo sapiens	31-36
2153547-2	1990	This inhibition was due to adenosine conversion through adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	56-72
2153547-6	1990	However, adenosine conversion through adenosine kinase inhibited gluconeogenesis from asparagine.	Adenosine	9-18	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	38-54
2153547-7	1990	Thus, whatever the substrate used, adenosine conversion through adenosine kinase inhibited gluconeogenesis.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	64-80
2153547-9	1990	Beside its effect on gluconeogenesis, adenosine inhibited ketogenesis measured without added substrate; adenosine conversion through adenosine kinase was also involved in the inhibition of ketogenesis.	Adenosine	104-113	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	133-149
2260506-3	1990	The adenosine analogues 5"-(N-ethyl) carboxamidoadenosine (NECA) and N6-(phenylisopropyl) adenosine (R-PIA) were shown to differ in their effect on the plasma level of free fatty acids (FFA), glucose and lactate in pigs representing low (Ada 0) and high (Ada A) red cell adenosine deaminase activity.	Adenosine	4-13	adenosine deaminase	Sus scrofa	271-290
2226674-1	1990	Adenosine is able to inhibit in vitro neutrophil functions induced by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and A23187, but not phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA).	Adenosine	0-9	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	109-113
2325132-3	1990	Hearts treated with adenosine and R-phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA), an adenosine A1 receptor agonist, exhibited a significantly greater TOIC than control hearts (18.60 +/- 0.40 and 16.64 +/- 1.15 min, respectively vs 9.12 +/- 0.66 min), whereas phenylaminoadenosine, an adenosine A2 receptor agonist, had no effect on TOIC (11.73 +/- 0.87 min).	Adenosine	20-29	adenosine A1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	71-92
2104880-3	1990	In human fat cells NPY and PYY promoted a dose-dependent inhibition of lipolysis elicited by 2 micrograms/ml adenosine deaminase (removal of adenosine) whatever the lipolytic index used (glycerol or nonesterified fatty acids).	Adenosine	109-118	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	27-30
33806914-1	2021	Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), mainly present in immune, epithelial, and brain cells, represents a family of key enzymes for the degradation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which modulates inflammatory response.	Adenosine	148-157	phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens	0-19
33826130-3	2021	PDE4 is an isoenzyme that degrades 3"-5"-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which serves as a neuroprotective agent by promoting neuronal recovery through protein kinase (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and subsequent expression of the neurotrophic factor brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and anti-apoptotic B cell lymphoma (Bcl-2).	Adenosine	48-57	phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens	0-4
33826130-3	2021	PDE4 is an isoenzyme that degrades 3"-5"-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which serves as a neuroprotective agent by promoting neuronal recovery through protein kinase (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and subsequent expression of the neurotrophic factor brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and anti-apoptotic B cell lymphoma (Bcl-2).	Adenosine	48-57	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	383-388
33823181-2	2021	alpha-MSH upregulates the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in melanocytes via the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A/cAMP response element-binding protein (cAMP/PKA/CREB) signaling pathway.	Adenosine	124-133	STAM binding protein	Homo sapiens	0-9
4966042-2	1968	Adenosine kinase and nucleotide formation from exogenous adenosine and AMP.	Adenosine	57-66	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
33761054-3	2021	Purinergic signaling is involved in neurodevelopment and controlled by ectonucleotidases, among which in the brain the most abundant are ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (NTPDase1/CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5"NT/CD73), which jointly dephosphorylate ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	278-287	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	137-185
33761054-3	2021	Purinergic signaling is involved in neurodevelopment and controlled by ectonucleotidases, among which in the brain the most abundant are ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (NTPDase1/CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5"NT/CD73), which jointly dephosphorylate ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	278-287	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	187-195
33806914-1	2021	Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), mainly present in immune, epithelial, and brain cells, represents a family of key enzymes for the degradation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which modulates inflammatory response.	Adenosine	148-157	phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens	21-25
33816275-7	2021	Mechanistically, NRBP2 regulated the activation of the 5"-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase/ mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK/mTOR) signaling pathway.	Adenosine	58-67	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	150-154
33817501-1	2021	Inhibition of the major cyclic adenosine monophosphate-metabolizing enzyme PDE4 has shown potential for the discovery of drugs for cancer, inflammation, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer"s disease.	Adenosine	31-40	phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens	75-79
33778007-12	2021	Enhancing adenosine levels with ENT1/ENT2 inhibitor dipyridamole at a time when bleomycin-induced ALI was present, reduced further injury.	Adenosine	10-19	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 2	Mus musculus	37-41
33778007-15	2021	We also identified occludin and focal adhesion kinase as downstream targets of ADORA2B, thus providing a novel mechanism for adenosine-mediated barrier protection.	Adenosine	125-134	occludin	Mus musculus	19-27
33763335-3	2021	PDE-4 degrades its substrate cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to adenosine monophosphate (AMP), which subsequently leads to the production of pro-inflammatory mediators.	Adenosine	36-45	phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens	0-5
33763335-3	2021	PDE-4 degrades its substrate cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to adenosine monophosphate (AMP), which subsequently leads to the production of pro-inflammatory mediators.	Adenosine	70-79	phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens	0-5
9362238-9	1997	The evoked release of NPY was also attenuated by ATP and adenosine, which have been shown to be colocalized and coreleased with NPY from sympathetic nerve terminals.	Adenosine	57-66	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
33799458-2	2021	Previously, we reported that PTP-MEG2 knockdown enhances adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, suggesting that PTP-MEG2 may be a potential antidiabetic target.	Adenosine	57-66	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 9	Mus musculus	33-37
33799762-4	2021	It has been reported that ABCC6 mediates the efflux of ATP, which is hydrolyzed in PPi and AMP; in the extracellular milieu, PPi gives potent anti-mineralization effect, whereas AMP is hydrolyzed to Pi and adenosine which affects some cellular properties by modulating the purinergic pathway.	Adenosine	206-215	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 6	Homo sapiens	26-31
9362238-9	1997	The evoked release of NPY was also attenuated by ATP and adenosine, which have been shown to be colocalized and coreleased with NPY from sympathetic nerve terminals.	Adenosine	57-66	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	128-131
34875337-2	2022	Although they have high specificity for PDE5, these inhibitors are suspected to cross-interact also with cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-specific PDEs, inducing the intracellular accumulation of this cyclic nucleotide and related testosterone increase, positively impacting male reproductive parameters.	Adenosine	112-121	phosphodiesterase 5A	Homo sapiens	40-44
34961630-0	2022	Adenosine-functionalized UiO-66-NH2 to efficiently remove Pb(II) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution: Thermodynamics, kinetics and isothermal adsorption.	Adenosine	0-9	submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B	Homo sapiens	58-64
34961630-1	2022	A new zirconium-based adsorption material (UiO-66-AMP) was prepared by modifying UiO-66-NH2 with 5-adenosine to effectively remove Pb(II) and Cr(VI) from wastewater.	Adenosine	99-108	submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B	Homo sapiens	131-137
34854518-1	2022	Akt is usually considered to be a negative regulator of both autophagy and adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling.	Adenosine	75-84	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
34762994-2	2022	Poly (adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is the most recognized target for synthetic lethality; however, the therapeutic effect of PARP1 inhibition on HCC is disappointing.	Adenosine	6-15	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	56-61
34954320-7	2022	Administration of an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist instantly reverted the brain back to a hyperexcitable state, suggesting that hyperexcitability was suppressed by adenosine.	Adenosine	167-176	adenosine A1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	21-42
34932954-5	2022	The inhibitory effect of CF3-allylated indole primarily occurred at the early phase of adipocyte differentiation by increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and enhancing protein kinase A (PKA) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling.	Adenosine	148-157	coagulation factor III	Mus musculus	25-28
34536428-0	2022	Blockade of adenosine A2A receptors inhibits Tremulous Jaw Movements as well as expression of zif-268 and GAD65 mRNAs in brain motor structures.	Adenosine	12-21	glutamate decarboxylase 2	Homo sapiens	106-111
34932954-5	2022	The inhibitory effect of CF3-allylated indole primarily occurred at the early phase of adipocyte differentiation by increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and enhancing protein kinase A (PKA) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling.	Adenosine	227-236	coagulation factor III	Mus musculus	25-28
34801707-0	2022	Etoposide-induced protein 2.4 ameliorates high glucose-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway in renal tubular cells.	Adenosine	111-120	etoposide induced 2.4 mRNA	Mus musculus	0-29
34099189-4	2022	RESULTS: Across disorders, genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphism-by-sex interaction was detected for a locus encompassing NKAIN2 (rs117780815, p = 3.2 x 10-8), which interacts with sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) enzymes, implicating neuronal excitability.	Adenosine	236-245	sodium/potassium transporting ATPase interacting 2	Homo sapiens	139-145
34622942-6	2022	Western blotting, real-time quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were used to assay the levels of autophagy, oxidative stress, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and molecules related to the adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1)-calcineurin signaling pathway.	Adenosine	207-216	mucolipin TRP cation channel 1	Homo sapiens	308-314
34801707-6	2022	Meanwhile, overexpression of EI24 ameliorated high glucose-induced EMT of HK2 cells via activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway.	Adenosine	106-115	etoposide induced 2.4 mRNA	Mus musculus	29-33
34565560-3	2022	(2021) identify the CAMKK2-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-NRF2 signaling axis as a negative regulator of ferroptosis and showed that inhibiting CAMKK2 increases the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy.	Adenosine	27-36	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	76-80
34435368-1	2022	Purinergic P2Y receptors, by binding adenosine triphosphate (ATP), are known for enhancing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in pancreatic beta cells.	Adenosine	37-46	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
34750517-3	2022	Specifically, A3AR has a dual nature in different pathophysiological conditions, as it is expressed according to tissue type and stimulated by an adenosine dose-dependent manner.	Adenosine	146-155	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	14-18
34318928-10	2022	To further study the role of Nampt in mitochondrial function, specific agonist P7C3 and inhibitor FK866 were applied to aged oocytes, and FK866 significantly decreased adenosine triphosphate and mitochondrial membrane potential.	Adenosine	168-177	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Mus musculus	29-34
34930349-1	2021	BACKGROUND: To investigate the role of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on the production of interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha induced by IL-1beta in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) following treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4- carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR).	Adenosine	39-48	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	122-140
34974065-9	2021	Mitochondrial STAT3 further facilitates adenosine triphosphate synthesis to fuel the methionine cycle and generation of S-adenosylmethionine, which supports the epigenetic reprogramming of type 2 cytokines in ILC2s.	Adenosine	40-49	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	14-19
34961895-5	2022	Multi-colour immunoblotting with an anti-etheno-adenosine antibody showed ARTC1-mediated transfer of ADP-ribose together with the etheno label to CD73.	Adenosine	48-57	ADP-ribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	74-79
34961895-9	2022	Our study identifies human CD73 as target for ARTC1-mediated mono-ADP-ribosylation, which can profoundly modulate its adenosine-generating activity.	Adenosine	118-127	ADP-ribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	46-51
34847358-3	2021	Here, we discovered that accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins selectively induces N6-adenosine-methyltransferase-14 (METTL14) expression.	Adenosine	92-101	methyltransferase like 14	Mus musculus	124-131
34570873-0	2021	Angiotensin II upregulates endothelin receptors through the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/sirtuin 1 pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells.	Adenosine	60-69	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
34956146-13	2021	Mitogen-activated protein kinase, NF-kappaB, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathways were also found to be involved in butyrate- and lactose-mediated synergy in AvBD9 induction.	Adenosine	56-65	avian beta-defensin 9	Gallus gallus	175-180
34570873-0	2021	Angiotensin II upregulates endothelin receptors through the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/sirtuin 1 pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells.	Adenosine	60-69	sirtuin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-118
34570873-7	2021	KEY FINDINGS: The results showed that Ang II significantly increased ET receptors and decreased phosphorylated-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha (p-AMPKalpha) in SMA.	Adenosine	111-120	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	38-44
34748342-3	2021	The latter showed differential inhibition of the protein methyltransferase PRMT5-MEP50 complex, with one analogue inhibiting more effectively than adenosine itself, demonstrating the utility of rationally probing 4"-5" side chain orientations.	Adenosine	147-156	protein arginine methyltransferase 5	Homo sapiens	75-80
34175753-4	2021	After adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP) and ALP were introduced into the system, AMP was hydrolyzed to adenosine and phosphate ions (PO43-).	Adenosine	102-111	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	43-46
34338149-0	2021	Omarigliptin ameliorated high glucose-induced nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation through activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKalpha) in renal glomerular endothelial cells.	Adenosine	155-164	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	105-110
34338149-8	2021	After the co-administration of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKalpha) inhibitor, compound C, the protective effects of Omarigliptin against HG-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and production of pro-inflammatory factors were dramatically abolished.	Adenosine	35-44	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	183-188
34794890-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether pyroptosis is induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis-LPS)/ adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through NF-kappaB/NLRP3/GSDMD signaling in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and whether isoliquiritigenin (ISL) alleviates pyroptosis by inhibition of NF-kappaB/NLRP3/GSDMD signals.	Adenosine	124-133	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	161-170
34605731-8	2021	Mechanistically, DUSP14 elevation increased the p-Adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein activated protein kinase(AMPK), inhibitor of NF-kappaB (IkappaB) expression and decreased p-p65 NF-kappaB expression, indicating that DUSP14 might restore the AMPK-IkappaB pathway to restrain NF-kappaB signaling under IL-1beta exposure.	Adenosine	50-59	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	120-124
34650622-10	2021	In addition, the cAMP/ protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway was also positively regulated by CD73 and Ado.	Adenosine	151-154	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	85-89
34650622-11	2021	In conclusion, CD73 could inhibit DRG neuronal apoptosis by promoting the Ado/cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway.	Adenosine	74-77	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	87-91
34807469-7	2021	Ischemic conditions activated glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 (GPD2), which converts glycerol-3-phosphate into dihydroxyacetone phosphate to facilitate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis from glycerol.	Adenosine	157-166	glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	30-66
34807469-7	2021	Ischemic conditions activated glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 (GPD2), which converts glycerol-3-phosphate into dihydroxyacetone phosphate to facilitate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis from glycerol.	Adenosine	157-166	glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	68-72
34653728-6	2021	Therefore, mouse RAW264.7 and human THP-1 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone or combined adenosine triphosphate to activate NF-kappaB pathway in vitro.	Adenosine	109-118	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	144-153
34650622-0	2021	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) inhibits dorsal root ganglion neuronal apoptosis by promoting the Ado/cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway.	Adenosine	94-97	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	107-111
34925366-5	2021	Purine metabolites such as adenosine triphosphate mainly activate the NLRP3 inflammasome through P2X ion channel receptors, which stimulates IL-1beta secretion and induces gout flares, while some purine metabolites such as adenosine diphosphate and adenosine mainly act on the G protein-coupled receptors exerting pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects to regulate the onset and resolution of a gout flare.	Adenosine	27-36	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	70-75
34925366-5	2021	Purine metabolites such as adenosine triphosphate mainly activate the NLRP3 inflammasome through P2X ion channel receptors, which stimulates IL-1beta secretion and induces gout flares, while some purine metabolites such as adenosine diphosphate and adenosine mainly act on the G protein-coupled receptors exerting pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects to regulate the onset and resolution of a gout flare.	Adenosine	223-232	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	70-75
34925366-5	2021	Purine metabolites such as adenosine triphosphate mainly activate the NLRP3 inflammasome through P2X ion channel receptors, which stimulates IL-1beta secretion and induces gout flares, while some purine metabolites such as adenosine diphosphate and adenosine mainly act on the G protein-coupled receptors exerting pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects to regulate the onset and resolution of a gout flare.	Adenosine	249-258	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	70-75
34794890-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether pyroptosis is induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis-LPS)/ adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through NF-kappaB/NLRP3/GSDMD signaling in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and whether isoliquiritigenin (ISL) alleviates pyroptosis by inhibition of NF-kappaB/NLRP3/GSDMD signals.	Adenosine	124-133	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	171-176
34794890-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether pyroptosis is induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis-LPS)/ adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through NF-kappaB/NLRP3/GSDMD signaling in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and whether isoliquiritigenin (ISL) alleviates pyroptosis by inhibition of NF-kappaB/NLRP3/GSDMD signals.	Adenosine	124-133	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	315-320
34761497-1	2021	Up to 30% of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients carry altered DNA damage response genes, enabling the use of poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in advanced CRPC.	Adenosine	157-166	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	198-202
34786818-8	2021	NGR1 also reduced OS-induced mitochondrial ROS and restored mitochondrial membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate production and mitochondrial DNA copy number.	Adenosine	94-103	reticulon 4 receptor	Mus musculus	0-4
34569615-5	2021	In addition, we examine GLP-1 (9-36)"s signaling pathways, including cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase-A (PKA), and 5" adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) via use of ELISA, pharmacological inhibitors, or GLP-1R antagonist.	Adenosine	76-85	glucagon	Homo sapiens	24-29
34570348-3	2021	Metformin, a glucose-lowering drug, attenuates inflammatory responses by activating adenosine monophosphate protein kinase (AMPK) which suppresses nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB).	Adenosine	84-93	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	147-169
34570348-3	2021	Metformin, a glucose-lowering drug, attenuates inflammatory responses by activating adenosine monophosphate protein kinase (AMPK) which suppresses nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB).	Adenosine	84-93	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	171-180
34273553-0	2021	Adenosine A2a receptors modulate TrkB receptor-dependent respiratory plasticity in neonatal rats.	Adenosine	0-9	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	33-37
34838121-13	2021	We discovered that cell-specific CD39 expression in macrophages and CD73 expression in HCC cells synergistically activated the eATP-adenosine pathway and produced more adenosine, thereby impairing CD8+ T cell function and driving anti-PD1 resistance.	Adenosine	132-141	programmed cell death 1	Mus musculus	235-238
34846650-5	2022	Moreover, exogenous adenosine substantially enhanced the expression of A2AR and suppressed tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclast formation and expression of osteoclast-related genes Ctsk, NFATc1, MMP9, and ACP5.	Adenosine	20-29	nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 1	Mus musculus	206-212
34838121-13	2021	We discovered that cell-specific CD39 expression in macrophages and CD73 expression in HCC cells synergistically activated the eATP-adenosine pathway and produced more adenosine, thereby impairing CD8+ T cell function and driving anti-PD1 resistance.	Adenosine	168-177	programmed cell death 1	Mus musculus	235-238
34866915-5	2021	Accordingly, the patient received the poly(adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib treatment and demonstrated a favorable response to this treatment.	Adenosine	43-52	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	91-95
34830395-5	2021	Using our method to measure ASC, stimulation of PBMC with lipopolysaccharide and nigericin or adenosine triphosphate resulted in microscopic identification of intracellular ASC specks, as well as interleukin 1 (IL-1) beta and caspase-1 p10 in the periphery.	Adenosine	94-103	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	28-31
34820899-11	2022	The effect is at least in part mediated by 5-HT1B/1D serotonergic, alpha2 /beta1 -adrenergic, muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic, CB1 /CB2 cannabinoid and adenosine A1 receptors.	Adenosine	157-166	brain protein 1	Mus musculus	167-169
34809621-10	2021	RESULTS: Our results revealed that IGF2BP2 serves as a reader for m6A modified UCA1 and that adenosine at 1038 of UCA1 is critical to the recognition by IGF2BP2.	Adenosine	93-102	insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	35-42
34809621-10	2021	RESULTS: Our results revealed that IGF2BP2 serves as a reader for m6A modified UCA1 and that adenosine at 1038 of UCA1 is critical to the recognition by IGF2BP2.	Adenosine	93-102	insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	153-160
34730365-4	2021	Further conversion to the constrained adenosine analogues revealed promising structure-dependent inhibition of the protein methyltransferase PRMT5:MEP50 complex in the (sub)micromolar range.	Adenosine	38-47	protein arginine methyltransferase 5	Homo sapiens	141-146
34830395-5	2021	Using our method to measure ASC, stimulation of PBMC with lipopolysaccharide and nigericin or adenosine triphosphate resulted in microscopic identification of intracellular ASC specks, as well as interleukin 1 (IL-1) beta and caspase-1 p10 in the periphery.	Adenosine	94-103	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	173-176
34830395-5	2021	Using our method to measure ASC, stimulation of PBMC with lipopolysaccharide and nigericin or adenosine triphosphate resulted in microscopic identification of intracellular ASC specks, as well as interleukin 1 (IL-1) beta and caspase-1 p10 in the periphery.	Adenosine	94-103	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	226-235
34830395-5	2021	Using our method to measure ASC, stimulation of PBMC with lipopolysaccharide and nigericin or adenosine triphosphate resulted in microscopic identification of intracellular ASC specks, as well as interleukin 1 (IL-1) beta and caspase-1 p10 in the periphery.	Adenosine	94-103	S100 calcium binding protein A10	Homo sapiens	236-239
34773542-7	2021	Interestingly, previous studies have suggested that IL-1beta increases the expression/activity of adenosine kinase (ADK), a key regulator of adenosine signaling at its receptors (ARs).	Adenosine	141-150	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	52-60
34796475-2	2022	Pharmacological activation of protein kinase AMP-activated alpha 1(PRKAA1)/5"-Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha1 (AMPKalpha1) shows its beneficial effects in many studies of cardiometabolic disorders.	Adenosine	78-87	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	135-145
34773542-7	2021	Interestingly, previous studies have suggested that IL-1beta increases the expression/activity of adenosine kinase (ADK), a key regulator of adenosine signaling at its receptors (ARs).	Adenosine	141-150	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	98-114
34773542-7	2021	Interestingly, previous studies have suggested that IL-1beta increases the expression/activity of adenosine kinase (ADK), a key regulator of adenosine signaling at its receptors (ARs).	Adenosine	141-150	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	116-119
34773542-8	2021	Increased ADK expression reduces adenosine signaling whereas inhibiting ADK restores the action of adenosine.	Adenosine	33-42	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
34773542-8	2021	Increased ADK expression reduces adenosine signaling whereas inhibiting ADK restores the action of adenosine.	Adenosine	99-108	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
34743750-12	2021	Mechanistically, ZFAS1 is modified at adenosine +843 within the RGGAC/RRACH element in an m6A-dependent manner.	Adenosine	38-47	zinc finger, NFX1-type containing 1, antisense RNA 1	Mus musculus	17-22
34831329-3	2021	Here, we show that rabbit SANC express both PP1, PP2A, and endogenous PP inhibitors I-1 (PPI-1), dopamine and cyclic adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate (cAMP)-regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP-32), kinase C-enhanced PP1 inhibitor (KEPI).	Adenosine	117-126	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B	Homo sapiens	180-188
34820336-7	2021	In my present one, we further illustrated that losing the target protein FLT3 and the continuously activated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may be the reason for drug resistance, with sustained activation of PI3K/AKT signaling responsible for the highly glycolytic activity and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation.	Adenosine	274-283	fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 3	Homo sapiens	73-77
34820336-7	2021	In my present one, we further illustrated that losing the target protein FLT3 and the continuously activated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may be the reason for drug resistance, with sustained activation of PI3K/AKT signaling responsible for the highly glycolytic activity and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation.	Adenosine	274-283	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	114-117
34820336-7	2021	In my present one, we further illustrated that losing the target protein FLT3 and the continuously activated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may be the reason for drug resistance, with sustained activation of PI3K/AKT signaling responsible for the highly glycolytic activity and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation.	Adenosine	274-283	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	209-212
34731461-1	2021	Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitors prevent the metabolism of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, thereby reducing inflammation.	Adenosine	70-79	phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens	0-25
34469756-1	2021	Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A), the enzyme which catalyzes hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), is located almost exclusively in striatal gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA)ergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs).	Adenosine	80-89	phosphodiesterase 10A	Rattus norvegicus	0-21
34469756-1	2021	Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A), the enzyme which catalyzes hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), is located almost exclusively in striatal gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA)ergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs).	Adenosine	80-89	phosphodiesterase 10A	Rattus norvegicus	23-29
34586444-1	2021	The adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette efflux transporter G2 (ABCG2) was originally discovered in a multidrug-resistant breast cancer cell line.	Adenosine	4-13	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	73-78
34775061-3	2022	The P-gp overexpression in cancer cells depends on several factors like adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1alpha), and drug physicochemical properties such as lipophilicity, molecular weight, and molecular size.	Adenosine	72-81	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
34339538-7	2021	Second, ATP and adenosine suppressed expression of the mGluR5 gene, Grm5, in cultured astrocytes.	Adenosine	16-25	glutamate receptor, metabotropic 5	Mus musculus	68-72
34493147-5	2021	Pathogenic variants of DDR genes mutations detected with circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis, which had a high concordance with tumor tissue analysis, might represent a useful way for selecting mutated patients for poly (adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors therapy.	Adenosine	224-233	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	272-276
34534609-5	2021	The enhancement of H2S donors on autophagic flux was mediated by adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition, as H2S donors activated AMPK but reduced the mTOR activity and H2S donors-induced LC3-II increase was diminished by mTOR activator.	Adenosine	65-74	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	165-169
34482286-8	2021	Interestingly, this effect could be further enhanced with an agonist of the adenosine receptor ADORA3.	Adenosine	76-85	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	95-101
34636047-1	2021	This article analyses patient advocacy for ovarian cancer patients" access to a group of new targeted cancer treatments, so-called poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors.	Adenosine	137-146	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	179-183
34481229-5	2021	SC proliferation-inhibiting effect of metformin exposure was regulated by decreasing adenosine triphosphate level and respiratory enzyme activity in the mitochondria; this process was possibly mediated by the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, which was regulated by the down-expressed miR-1764 and by the decreased antioxidant enzyme activity and excessive reactive oxygen species generation.	Adenosine	85-94	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	301-330
34481229-5	2021	SC proliferation-inhibiting effect of metformin exposure was regulated by decreasing adenosine triphosphate level and respiratory enzyme activity in the mitochondria; this process was possibly mediated by the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, which was regulated by the down-expressed miR-1764 and by the decreased antioxidant enzyme activity and excessive reactive oxygen species generation.	Adenosine	85-94	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	332-336
34951178-7	2021	The levels of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1(caspase-1), interleukin-1beta(IL-1beta), and IL-18 in the supernatant of J774 A.1 mononuclear phagocytes were detected to evaluate the effect of LRH flavonoids on the pyroptosis of mononuclear phagocytes in mice induced by the combination of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and adenosine triphosphate(ATP).	Adenosine	326-335	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	68-85
34678311-2	2021	Clot formation is promoted via cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated secretion of von Willebrand factor (vWF), which fine tunes the process of hemostasis.	Adenosine	38-47	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	114-117
34418731-1	2021	P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent drug efflux protein commonly associated with multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy.	Adenosine	28-37	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	0-14
34418731-1	2021	P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent drug efflux protein commonly associated with multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy.	Adenosine	28-37	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	16-20
34768920-2	2021	Adenosine A2A activation inhibits osteoclast Sema4D-mediated secretion, diminishes inflammatory osteolysis and prevents bone loss following tenofovir (one of the most used antivirals in HIV).	Adenosine	0-9	sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), transmembrane domain (TM) and short cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 4D	Mus musculus	45-51
34636187-2	2021	In our previous study, Bcl-2 was shown to delay the G0/G1 to S phase entry by regulating the mitochondrial metabolic pathways to produce lower levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS).	Adenosine	153-162	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	23-28
34768881-1	2021	Although the enhanced responses against serum cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in cases of sepsis-a life-threatening organ dysfunction due to systemic infection-are understood, the influence of the cytosolic DNA receptor cGAS (cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (GMP-AMP) synthase) on sepsis is still unclear.	Adenosine	247-256	cyclic GMP-AMP synthase	Mus musculus	210-214
34310912-9	2021	Additionally, adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase/unc-51-like kinase 1 (AMPK-ULK1) signaling pathway was activated by estrogen treatment, which was abrogated by Esrra-silencing, and AMPK-specific inhibitor Compound C pretreatment could reduce estrogen-induced downregulation of ASIC1a protein.	Adenosine	14-23	estrogen related receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	183-188
34729098-4	2021	Targeted therapies have surpassed the hormone receptors and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) to include many other molecules in targetable pathways such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6).	Adenosine	226-235	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	106-110
34400297-8	2021	Pharmacological inhibition of adenylyl cyclase (AC) or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) partly abolished the anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic effects provided by PACAP38 treatment after the experimental SAH both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting the involvement of the AC-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) and ERK pathway.	Adenosine	297-306	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	94-97
34675608-1	2021	Introduction: ENPP1 and ENTPD1 are two main enzymes involved in ATP-AMP-ADP-adenosine axis, which is associated with lipid metabolism, diabetes mellitus (DM) and renal fibrosis.	Adenosine	76-85	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	14-19
34153010-1	2021	BACKGROUND: The adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette, subfamily B, member 1 gene (ABCB1) encodes P-glycoprotein (P-gp) that influences the intracellular transport of solutes including endogenous opioid peptides.	Adenosine	16-25	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	85-90
34153010-1	2021	BACKGROUND: The adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette, subfamily B, member 1 gene (ABCB1) encodes P-glycoprotein (P-gp) that influences the intracellular transport of solutes including endogenous opioid peptides.	Adenosine	16-25	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	100-114
34153010-1	2021	BACKGROUND: The adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette, subfamily B, member 1 gene (ABCB1) encodes P-glycoprotein (P-gp) that influences the intracellular transport of solutes including endogenous opioid peptides.	Adenosine	16-25	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	116-120
34555226-3	2021	Prior studies indicated that IL-8-induced heterologous desensitization of the beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2 -AR) led to decreased beta-agonist-induced mobilization of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).	Adenosine	177-186	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	29-33
34555226-3	2021	Prior studies indicated that IL-8-induced heterologous desensitization of the beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2 -AR) led to decreased beta-agonist-induced mobilization of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).	Adenosine	177-186	G protein-coupled receptor 162	Homo sapiens	105-110
34765398-1	2021	Adenosine kinase (ADK) deficiency is a very rare inborn error of methionine and adenosine metabolism.	Adenosine	80-89	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
34660262-3	2021	Although recent findings suggest that A3 adenosine (A3AR) and P2X7 (P2X7R) receptors can be employed as antitumoral pharmacological targets in MPM, their potential role in a combined therapy is currently unknown.	Adenosine	41-50	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	52-56
34765398-1	2021	Adenosine kinase (ADK) deficiency is a very rare inborn error of methionine and adenosine metabolism.	Adenosine	80-89	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-21
34681303-4	2021	SHQA also suppressed alpha-MSH-induced cellular production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which inhibited protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) activation.	Adenosine	69-78	STAM binding protein	Mus musculus	21-30
34602036-5	2022	As the key enzyme for adenosine clearance, adenosine kinase (ADK) can exacerbate epileptic seizures not only by accelerating adenosine clearance, but also by increasing global DNA methylation through the transmethylation pathway.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	43-59
34602036-5	2022	As the key enzyme for adenosine clearance, adenosine kinase (ADK) can exacerbate epileptic seizures not only by accelerating adenosine clearance, but also by increasing global DNA methylation through the transmethylation pathway.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	61-64
34602036-5	2022	As the key enzyme for adenosine clearance, adenosine kinase (ADK) can exacerbate epileptic seizures not only by accelerating adenosine clearance, but also by increasing global DNA methylation through the transmethylation pathway.	Adenosine	125-134	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	43-59
34602036-5	2022	As the key enzyme for adenosine clearance, adenosine kinase (ADK) can exacerbate epileptic seizures not only by accelerating adenosine clearance, but also by increasing global DNA methylation through the transmethylation pathway.	Adenosine	125-134	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	61-64
34558237-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on urodynamics of neurogenic bladder and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide(PACAP)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A(PKA) signaling pathway in detrusor tissue of rats after suprasacral spinal cord injury (SCI), so as to explore its possible mechanism in improving detrusor hyperreflexia bladder function after shock stage of suprasacral SCI.	Adenosine	162-171	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	187-191
34685508-8	2021	Finally, Ex-4 pretreatment stimulated hippocampal expression of phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (p-CREB), a known target of GLP-1/GLP-1R signaling.	Adenosine	86-95	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	153-157
34681303-4	2021	SHQA also suppressed alpha-MSH-induced cellular production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which inhibited protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) activation.	Adenosine	69-78	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	191-195
34414658-9	2021	Furthermore, gene deletion of CB2 in d-gal-treated mice could greatly inhibit the activation of beta-catenin signalling and restore the mitochondrial integrity and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production.	Adenosine	164-173	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	30-33
34473957-9	2021	Adenosine signaling via A2aR impaired macrophage bactericidal activity and enhanced interleukin-10 production.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	84-98
34435786-2	2021	We synthesized truncated nucleoside derivatives and discovered 6c (Ki = 2.40 nM) as a potent human A3 adenosine receptor (hA3AR) agonist, and subtle chemical modification induced a shift from antagonist to agonist.	Adenosine	102-111	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	122-127
34566665-3	2021	Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) functions as a critical energy sensor and is regulated through the phosphorylation of liver kinases like LKB1 or dephosphorylation by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs).	Adenosine	0-9	serine/threonine kinase 11	Mus musculus	161-165
34435776-1	2021	The binding of adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP) to adenylate kinase (AdK) drives closure of lids over the substrate adenosyl groups.	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	105-108
34435776-1	2021	The binding of adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP) to adenylate kinase (AdK) drives closure of lids over the substrate adenosyl groups.	Adenosine	51-60	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	105-108
34445863-6	2021	During the pyroptosis of cancer cells induced by adenosine triphosphate (ATP), only the fluorescence of caspase-1 significantly increases.	Adenosine	49-58	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	104-113
34462350-8	2021	Transcriptomic analyses of OPCs identified previously unrecognized PPAR-gamma-induced genes for purinergic signaling, cyclic adenosine monophosphate generation, and antioxidant production, which would reprogram these progenitors toward promoting myelination.	Adenosine	125-134	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	67-77
34387036-2	2021	Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha-2 (AMPK-alpha2) is a subunit of AMPK that senses cellular energy deprivation and signals metabolic stress.	Adenosine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	58-69
34387036-2	2021	Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha-2 (AMPK-alpha2) is a subunit of AMPK that senses cellular energy deprivation and signals metabolic stress.	Adenosine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	87-91
34429546-5	2021	Treg cells deficient in insulin receptor, HIF-1alpha or Med23 have decreased PPAR-gamma expression that in turn promotes accumulation of CD73hiST2lo adipose Treg cells and physiological adenosine production to activate beige fat biogenesis.	Adenosine	186-195	mediator complex subunit 23	Mus musculus	56-61
34156298-1	2021	Background Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and lactate dehydrogenase are essential for adenosine triphosphate production in skeletal muscle.	Adenosine	84-93	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	11-33
34156298-1	2021	Background Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and lactate dehydrogenase are essential for adenosine triphosphate production in skeletal muscle.	Adenosine	84-93	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	35-38
34119876-4	2021	In the present study, we found that inhibition of SAHH by using its inhibitor adenosine dialdehyde (ADA) accumulates intracellular or plasma SAH levels and increases high glucose-induced podocyte injury and aggravates STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy, which is associated with Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation.	Adenosine	78-87	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	306-311
34404721-1	2021	The ABCG1 homodimer (G1) and ABCG5-ABCG8 heterodimer (G5G8), two members of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter G family, are required for maintenance of cellular cholesterol levels.	Adenosine	80-89	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
34446600-3	2021	Genetic suppressor screens identified that mutations of ADR-2, an RNA adenosine deaminase, rescued ciliary phenotypes of dyf-5CA We found that dyf-5CA animals abnormally transcribed antisense RNAs that pair with dyf-5CA messenger RNA (mRNA) to form double-stranded RNA, recruiting ADR-2 to edit the region ectopically.	Adenosine	70-79	Serine/threonine-protein kinase dyf-5	Caenorhabditis elegans	121-126
34446600-3	2021	Genetic suppressor screens identified that mutations of ADR-2, an RNA adenosine deaminase, rescued ciliary phenotypes of dyf-5CA We found that dyf-5CA animals abnormally transcribed antisense RNAs that pair with dyf-5CA messenger RNA (mRNA) to form double-stranded RNA, recruiting ADR-2 to edit the region ectopically.	Adenosine	70-79	Serine/threonine-protein kinase dyf-5	Caenorhabditis elegans	143-148
34446600-3	2021	Genetic suppressor screens identified that mutations of ADR-2, an RNA adenosine deaminase, rescued ciliary phenotypes of dyf-5CA We found that dyf-5CA animals abnormally transcribed antisense RNAs that pair with dyf-5CA messenger RNA (mRNA) to form double-stranded RNA, recruiting ADR-2 to edit the region ectopically.	Adenosine	70-79	Serine/threonine-protein kinase dyf-5	Caenorhabditis elegans	212-219
34659523-4	2021	When LINC00152 was silenced or overexpressed, PC cell glucose consumption, lactic acid production, adenosine triphosphate and levels of glycolysis-associated enzymes were detected.	Adenosine	99-108	cytoskeleton regulator RNA	Homo sapiens	5-14
34512324-2	2021	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its activated P2X7 receptor are involved in the signal transmission of neuropathic pain.	Adenosine	0-9	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	47-60
34502044-8	2021	In addition, our results demonstrated reductions in beta- human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), progesterone, and interleukin (IL)-6, which is likely a result from the activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)- cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA)-phosphorylating CREB (pCREB) pathway.	Adenosine	191-200	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	112-130
34466002-10	2021	The increase of adenosine in tumor tissue by anti-PD-1 mAb alone was suppressed by SHR170008 in the combination groups.	Adenosine	16-25	programmed cell death 1	Mus musculus	50-54
34466002-12	2021	Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CD73 may serve as an immune checkpoint by generating adenosine, which suppresses the antitumor activity of anti-PD-1 mAb, and inhibition of CD73 may be a potential beneficial combination partner with immune-checkpoint inhibitors to improve their therapeutic outcomes in general.	Adenosine	91-100	programmed cell death 1	Mus musculus	150-154
34466002-1	2021	Introduction: CD73 and adenosine support growth-promoting neovascularization, metastasis, and survival in cells, and promote anti-PD-1 mAb therapy-induced immune escape.	Adenosine	23-32	programmed cell death 1	Mus musculus	130-134
34404721-1	2021	The ABCG1 homodimer (G1) and ABCG5-ABCG8 heterodimer (G5G8), two members of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter G family, are required for maintenance of cellular cholesterol levels.	Adenosine	80-89	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 5	Homo sapiens	29-34
34445661-8	2021	Taken together, OA and RA synoviocytes express the complete enzymatic machinery to synthesize adenosine/inosine; however, mainly adenosine is responsible for the anti- (IL-6 and IL-10) or pro-inflammatory (TNF) effects mediated by A2A- and A2BAR.	Adenosine	129-138	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	169-173
34445661-8	2021	Taken together, OA and RA synoviocytes express the complete enzymatic machinery to synthesize adenosine/inosine; however, mainly adenosine is responsible for the anti- (IL-6 and IL-10) or pro-inflammatory (TNF) effects mediated by A2A- and A2BAR.	Adenosine	129-138	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	206-209
34456928-7	2021	Adenosine signaling inhibits the TLR/NF-kappaB pathway and, through this, decreases inflammation and DAMPs" effects.	Adenosine	0-9	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	37-46
34214529-3	2021	Here, we report the thermodynamics and kinetics of binding and transport of a second messenger, adenosine-3",5"-cyclophosphate (cAMP), through a connexin26 hemichannel (Cx26).	Adenosine	96-105	gap junction protein beta 2	Homo sapiens	145-155
34313419-3	2021	Cholesterol efflux was also facilitated via increased gene expressions of the liver X receptor-alpha-adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1/ABCG1 pathway and suppressed cholesterol synthesis via suppressing expressions of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase.	Adenosine	101-110	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1	Homo sapiens	162-167
34380058-3	2021	show that PANX1 mediates adenosine-dependent communication between regulatory and effector CD4+ T cells during allergic airway inflammation.	Adenosine	25-34	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	91-94
34424263-11	2021	Furthermore, PXN interference significantly decreased lactic acid and adenosine triphosphate levels, inhibited PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation, and decreased the levels of HK1, HK2, and GLUT1 in VEGF-A-treated mouse corneal.	Adenosine	70-79	paxillin	Mus musculus	13-16
34225874-5	2021	Moreover, GSH-ApoE-PC-liposomes benefited the 4 medicines in simultaneously transporting to Abeta1-42-insulted neurons, in functioning against hyperphosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases, including p-c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase, p-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 and p-p38, in downregulating tau protein at S202, caspase-3 and interleukin-6, and in upregulating p-cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein.	Adenosine	403-412	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	14-18
34314252-3	2021	During aging decline in levels of erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG), BPG mutase and ADORA2B, a key adenosine signaling receptor that can augment 2,3-BPG expression, may fail to protect sensitive brain tissue from subtly reduced O2 levels, which in turn result in increased numbers of activated microglia and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, ultimately promoting inflammaging and senescence of endothelial cells.	Adenosine	111-120	adenosine A2b receptor	Homo sapiens	96-103
34157422-0	2021	Optical control of adenosine A3 receptor function in psoriasis.	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	29-40
34157422-4	2021	In recent years, the Gi protein-coupled A3 receptor (A3R) for adenosine has been suggested as a novel and very promising therapeutic target for psoriasis.	Adenosine	62-71	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	53-56
34273979-7	2021	The effect of GPR110 ligands in vitro was evaluated by the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production in primary microglia isolated from adult WT or KO mouse brains.	Adenosine	66-75	adhesion G protein-coupled receptor F1	Mus musculus	14-20
34442348-3	2021	Two alleles regulate matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) activity: one with five adenosine bases (5A; associated with higher MMP-3 activity and decreased fibrosis) and another with six adenosine bases (6A; associated with lower MMP-3 activity and increased fibrosis).	Adenosine	80-89	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	21-47
34442348-3	2021	Two alleles regulate matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) activity: one with five adenosine bases (5A; associated with higher MMP-3 activity and decreased fibrosis) and another with six adenosine bases (6A; associated with lower MMP-3 activity and increased fibrosis).	Adenosine	80-89	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	49-54
34442348-3	2021	Two alleles regulate matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) activity: one with five adenosine bases (5A; associated with higher MMP-3 activity and decreased fibrosis) and another with six adenosine bases (6A; associated with lower MMP-3 activity and increased fibrosis).	Adenosine	80-89	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	124-129
34442348-3	2021	Two alleles regulate matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) activity: one with five adenosine bases (5A; associated with higher MMP-3 activity and decreased fibrosis) and another with six adenosine bases (6A; associated with lower MMP-3 activity and increased fibrosis).	Adenosine	184-193	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	21-47
34299326-11	2021	JUB, EPA, and FRS also downregulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and the phosphorylation of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), and subsequent microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase expression.	Adenosine	44-53	ajuba LIM protein	Danio rerio	0-3
34299628-1	2021	We performed an X-ray crystallographic study of complexes of protein kinase PIM-1 with three inhibitors comprising an adenosine mimetic moiety, a linker, and a peptide-mimetic (d-Arg)6 fragment.	Adenosine	118-127	Pim-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	76-81
34361022-5	2021	We also clarify that the GABA-mediated antimelanogenic properties were related to the direct inhibition of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase expression by inhibiting cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB).	Adenosine	208-217	melanogenesis associated transcription factor	Mus musculus	107-153
34361022-5	2021	We also clarify that the GABA-mediated antimelanogenic properties were related to the direct inhibition of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase expression by inhibiting cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB).	Adenosine	208-217	melanogenesis associated transcription factor	Mus musculus	155-159
34153089-6	2021	Further experiments revealed that the inhibitory effects of BIG1 deficiency on LPS-induced inflammation are due to the upregulation of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1.	Adenosine	135-144	ADP-ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide-exchange factor 1(brefeldin A-inhibited)	Mus musculus	60-64
34266951-3	2021	Using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), we report that the host cell N6-adenosine messenger RNA (mRNA) cap methylase, phosphorylated C-terminal domain interacting factor 1 (PCIF1), attenuates the antiviral response.	Adenosine	72-81	phosphorylated CTD interacting factor 1	Homo sapiens	173-178
34280251-8	2021	We further showed that c-Maf function was associated with the adenosine pathway and that the signaling upstream c-Maf could be partially restored by adenosine deaminase -1 (ADA-1) supplementation.	Adenosine	62-71	MAF bZIP transcription factor	Homo sapiens	23-28
34280251-8	2021	We further showed that c-Maf function was associated with the adenosine pathway and that the signaling upstream c-Maf could be partially restored by adenosine deaminase -1 (ADA-1) supplementation.	Adenosine	149-158	MAF bZIP transcription factor	Homo sapiens	23-28
34280251-8	2021	We further showed that c-Maf function was associated with the adenosine pathway and that the signaling upstream c-Maf could be partially restored by adenosine deaminase -1 (ADA-1) supplementation.	Adenosine	149-158	MAF bZIP transcription factor	Homo sapiens	112-117
34144984-4	2021	p53 loss up-regulates the expression of a Golgi scaffolding protein, progestin and adipoQ receptor 11 (PAQR11), which recruits an adenosine diphosphate ribosylation factor 1-containing protein complex that loads cargos into secretory vesicles.	Adenosine	130-139	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	0-3
34311469-8	2021	The instability of mutated MT-ND1 manifested as defects in the assembly and activity of complex I, respiratory deficiency, diminished mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production, and decreased membrane potential, in addition to increased production of mitochondrial ROS in the mutant cybrids carrying the m.3460G>A mutation.	Adenosine	148-157	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	27-33
34060828-8	2021	Further investigation from both in vivo and in vitro experiments indicated that the antidepressant mechanism of theacrine was associated with promoting adult hippocampal neurogenesis, via the modulation of the phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/cAMP response-element binding (CREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) pathway.	Adenosine	244-253	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	306-310
34249897-4	2021	Functionally, the knockdown of GAPDHS in UM cell lines hindered glycolysis by decreasing glucose uptake, lactate production, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation, cell growth and proliferation; conversely, overexpression of GAPDHS promoted glycolysis, cell growth and proliferation.	Adenosine	125-134	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	31-37
34238993-1	2021	The four adenosine receptors (ARs) A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR, and A3AR are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for which an exceptional amount of experimental and structural data is available.	Adenosine	9-18	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	59-63
34276384-13	2021	In the liver, expression of cytochrome P450 (Cyp) enzyme Cyp7a1 and Cyp7b1 was increased, whereas expression of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (Abc) transporters Abcg5 and Abcg8 was decreased by APS.	Adenosine	112-121	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 5	Mus musculus	171-176
34258288-0	2021	Impact of Adenosine Analogue, Adenosine-5"-N-Ethyluronamide (NECA), on Insulin Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Cells.	Adenosine	10-19	insulin	Homo sapiens	71-78
34258288-0	2021	Impact of Adenosine Analogue, Adenosine-5"-N-Ethyluronamide (NECA), on Insulin Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Cells.	Adenosine	30-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	71-78
34258288-3	2021	Results: Adenosine-5"-N-ethyluronamide (NECA), a stable adenosine analogue, significantly stimulate inflammatory mediator (IL-6) (p < 0.001) and nuclear receptors (NR4A) (p < 0.05) and significantly modulate metabolic (PFK, LCAD, PGC-1alpha, and CPT1B) gene expressions in skeletal muscle cells (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.001, and p < 0.01, respectively).	Adenosine	9-18	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	123-127
34258288-3	2021	Results: Adenosine-5"-N-ethyluronamide (NECA), a stable adenosine analogue, significantly stimulate inflammatory mediator (IL-6) (p < 0.001) and nuclear receptors (NR4A) (p < 0.05) and significantly modulate metabolic (PFK, LCAD, PGC-1alpha, and CPT1B) gene expressions in skeletal muscle cells (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.001, and p < 0.01, respectively).	Adenosine	9-18	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	230-240
34258288-3	2021	Results: Adenosine-5"-N-ethyluronamide (NECA), a stable adenosine analogue, significantly stimulate inflammatory mediator (IL-6) (p < 0.001) and nuclear receptors (NR4A) (p < 0.05) and significantly modulate metabolic (PFK, LCAD, PGC-1alpha, and CPT1B) gene expressions in skeletal muscle cells (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.001, and p < 0.01, respectively).	Adenosine	9-18	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B	Homo sapiens	246-251
34258288-5	2021	Conclusions: A novel crosstalk between adenosine analogue and insulin has been demonstrated for the first time; evidence has been gathered in vitro for the effects of NECA and insulin treatment on intracellular signaling pathways, in particular glycolysis and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle cells.	Adenosine	39-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	62-69
34258288-5	2021	Conclusions: A novel crosstalk between adenosine analogue and insulin has been demonstrated for the first time; evidence has been gathered in vitro for the effects of NECA and insulin treatment on intracellular signaling pathways, in particular glycolysis and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle cells.	Adenosine	39-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	260-267
34144984-4	2021	p53 loss up-regulates the expression of a Golgi scaffolding protein, progestin and adipoQ receptor 11 (PAQR11), which recruits an adenosine diphosphate ribosylation factor 1-containing protein complex that loads cargos into secretory vesicles.	Adenosine	130-139	monocyte to macrophage differentiation associated	Homo sapiens	69-101
34144984-4	2021	p53 loss up-regulates the expression of a Golgi scaffolding protein, progestin and adipoQ receptor 11 (PAQR11), which recruits an adenosine diphosphate ribosylation factor 1-containing protein complex that loads cargos into secretory vesicles.	Adenosine	130-139	monocyte to macrophage differentiation associated	Homo sapiens	103-109
34697594-10	2021	Adenosine acts by binding to G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR: A1, A2A, A2B and A3) carries out various responses some of which are anti-platelet function, hyperaemic response, bone remodelling, involvement in penile erection and suppression of inflammation.	Adenosine	0-9	oxoeicosanoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	57-61
34105294-4	2021	DDIT3 is induced during glutamine deprivation to promote glycolysis and adenosine triphosphate production via suppression of the negative glycolytic regulator TIGAR.	Adenosine	72-81	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	0-5
34163720-3	2021	Adenosine-5"-triphosphate (ATP)-responsive nanoparticles containing a copper complex CTND and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) small interfering RNA (siRNA) were constructed to cope with the resistance of cancer cells to the complex.	Adenosine	0-9	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	94-111
34163720-3	2021	Adenosine-5"-triphosphate (ATP)-responsive nanoparticles containing a copper complex CTND and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) small interfering RNA (siRNA) were constructed to cope with the resistance of cancer cells to the complex.	Adenosine	0-9	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	113-118
34073488-2	2021	Adenosine plays a significant role in protection against cellular damage by activating four subtypes of adenosine receptors (ARs), A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR, and A3AR.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	155-159
34141522-3	2021	Hepatic mtDNA sequencing in mice unveils that ND6 presents the highest methylation level, which dramatically increases under diabetic condition due to enhanced mitochondrial translocation of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) promoted by free fatty acid through adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation.	Adenosine	259-268	NADH dehydrogenase 6, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	46-49
34141522-3	2021	Hepatic mtDNA sequencing in mice unveils that ND6 presents the highest methylation level, which dramatically increases under diabetic condition due to enhanced mitochondrial translocation of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) promoted by free fatty acid through adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation.	Adenosine	259-268	DNA methyltransferase (cytosine-5) 1	Mus musculus	191-214
34141522-3	2021	Hepatic mtDNA sequencing in mice unveils that ND6 presents the highest methylation level, which dramatically increases under diabetic condition due to enhanced mitochondrial translocation of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) promoted by free fatty acid through adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation.	Adenosine	259-268	DNA methyltransferase (cytosine-5) 1	Mus musculus	216-221
34141159-7	2021	Spirulina platensis administration exhibited a nephroprotective impact on R, TAA, and R/TAA toxicities via regulating miR-1 and miR-146a mRNA gene expression that monitored adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling.	Adenosine	173-182	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	222-251
34697594-10	2021	Adenosine acts by binding to G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR: A1, A2A, A2B and A3) carries out various responses some of which are anti-platelet function, hyperaemic response, bone remodelling, involvement in penile erection and suppression of inflammation.	Adenosine	0-9	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-28	Homo sapiens	72-82
35508185-4	2022	The most common RNA modification is methylation of N6-adenosine deposited by the m6A methyltransferase complex (METTL3/14/16, WTAP, KIAA1429, and RBM15/15B), erased by demethylases (FTO and ALKBH5), and recognized by binding proteins (e.g., YTHDF1/2/3, YTHDC1/2, IGF2BP1/2/3, etc.).	Adenosine	54-63	RNA binding motif protein 15	Homo sapiens	146-151
35436630-7	2022	And overexpression of THRSP-responsive genes (fatty acid synthase-FASN, adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase alpha-AMPK-alpha, acetyl-CoA carboxylase-ACC, ATP-citrate lyase-ACLY) responsible for fatty acid synthesis was also downregulated by BBR.	Adenosine	72-81	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	22-27
35508185-4	2022	The most common RNA modification is methylation of N6-adenosine deposited by the m6A methyltransferase complex (METTL3/14/16, WTAP, KIAA1429, and RBM15/15B), erased by demethylases (FTO and ALKBH5), and recognized by binding proteins (e.g., YTHDF1/2/3, YTHDC1/2, IGF2BP1/2/3, etc.).	Adenosine	54-63	YTH domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	253-261
35452771-2	2022	Increasing lines of evidence show that T-2 toxin can reduce the levels of tight junction proteins, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by disrupting cellular barriers and the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) and Nrf2/heme oxygenase (HO)-1 pathways.	Adenosine	201-210	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	103-146
35094205-0	2022	Itraconazole-Induced the Activation of Adenosine 5"-Monophosphate (Amp)-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibits Tumor Growth of Melanoma via Inhibiting ERK Signaling.	Adenosine	39-48	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	146-149
35452771-2	2022	Increasing lines of evidence show that T-2 toxin can reduce the levels of tight junction proteins, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by disrupting cellular barriers and the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) and Nrf2/heme oxygenase (HO)-1 pathways.	Adenosine	201-210	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	148-152
35320461-1	2022	The present study demonstrates altered topographic distribution and enhanced neuronal expression of major adenosine-metabolizing enzymes, i.e. ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN) and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), as well as adenosine receptor subtype A2A in the hippocampus and cortex of male rats from early to late adulthood (3, 6, 12 and 15 months old males).	Adenosine	106-115	alkaline phosphatase, biomineralization associated	Rattus norvegicus	173-213
35320461-1	2022	The present study demonstrates altered topographic distribution and enhanced neuronal expression of major adenosine-metabolizing enzymes, i.e. ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN) and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), as well as adenosine receptor subtype A2A in the hippocampus and cortex of male rats from early to late adulthood (3, 6, 12 and 15 months old males).	Adenosine	106-115	alkaline phosphatase, biomineralization associated	Rattus norvegicus	215-219
35390733-0	2022	Corrigendum to "Metadherin silencing results in the inhibition of pyroptosis in lipopolysaccharide/adenosine triphosphate-stimulated renal tubular epithelial cells" (Tissue Cell.	Adenosine	99-108	metadherin	Homo sapiens	16-26
35635297-4	2022	In addition, LT significantly affected mitochondrial biogenesis and function and antioxidative related genes expression, and increased the protein expression of p-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and decreased the Keap1 protein levels.	Adenosine	163-172	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	298-308
35619576-5	2022	RESULTS: The protein levels of phosphorylated 5" adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), p-AKT, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and glucose transporter type 4 (Glut4) were elevated in C2C12 cells treated with fimasartan.	Adenosine	49-58	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	185-190
35635297-4	2022	In addition, LT significantly affected mitochondrial biogenesis and function and antioxidative related genes expression, and increased the protein expression of p-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and decreased the Keap1 protein levels.	Adenosine	163-172	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	311-345
35635297-4	2022	In addition, LT significantly affected mitochondrial biogenesis and function and antioxidative related genes expression, and increased the protein expression of p-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and decreased the Keap1 protein levels.	Adenosine	163-172	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	347-351
35635297-4	2022	In addition, LT significantly affected mitochondrial biogenesis and function and antioxidative related genes expression, and increased the protein expression of p-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and decreased the Keap1 protein levels.	Adenosine	163-172	NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	354-384
35635297-4	2022	In addition, LT significantly affected mitochondrial biogenesis and function and antioxidative related genes expression, and increased the protein expression of p-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and decreased the Keap1 protein levels.	Adenosine	163-172	NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	386-390
35635297-4	2022	In addition, LT significantly affected mitochondrial biogenesis and function and antioxidative related genes expression, and increased the protein expression of p-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and decreased the Keap1 protein levels.	Adenosine	163-172	kelch like ECH associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	438-443
35623041-0	2022	Signaling via dopamine and adenosine receptors modulate viral peptide-specific and T-cell IL-8 response in COVID-19.	Adenosine	27-36	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	90-94
35583801-4	2022	Dulaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) drug, and it can activate the GLP-1 receptor and promote the conversion of intracellular adenosine triphosphate to adenylate cyclase, thereby activating phosphokinase A, and regulating blood glucose levels effectively in the body.	Adenosine	138-147	glucagon	Homo sapiens	17-40
35601162-12	2022	Altered intracellular signal transduction due to abnormal neurofibromin-mediated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) generation, can be involved.	Adenosine	88-97	neurofibromin 1	Homo sapiens	58-71
35598361-3	2022	Besides the low tumor mutational burden, PD-L1 expression and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T cells, upregulation of CD73/adenosine pathway also contributes to the immune-inert microenvironment of EGFR-mutant NSCLC.	Adenosine	116-125	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	191-195
35583801-4	2022	Dulaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) drug, and it can activate the GLP-1 receptor and promote the conversion of intracellular adenosine triphosphate to adenylate cyclase, thereby activating phosphokinase A, and regulating blood glucose levels effectively in the body.	Adenosine	138-147	glucagon	Homo sapiens	42-47
35410483-12	2022	Adenosine supplementation activated AMPK and abolished SAHH deficiency-induced expression of H19 and Runx2 and osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs.	Adenosine	0-9	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	101-106
35597366-1	2022	Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous nucleoside or autacoid that affects the cardiovascular system through the activation of four G-protein coupled receptors: adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR), adenosine A2A receptor (A2AAR), adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR), and adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	257-278
35597366-1	2022	Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous nucleoside or autacoid that affects the cardiovascular system through the activation of four G-protein coupled receptors: adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR), adenosine A2A receptor (A2AAR), adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR), and adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	280-284
35579414-8	2022	CONCLUSION: These results highlight the potential of RIP for obesity interventions and suggest that RIP inhibited adipocyte differentiation and lipid synthesis by activating adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway and down-regulating the expression of major adipogenic transcription factors, PPARgamma, C/EBPalpha, etc.	Adenosine	174-183	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	233-237
35625864-5	2022	Adenosine acts via four subtypes of receptors, named A1 (A1R), A2A (A2AR), A2B (A2BR) and A3 (A3R) receptors, with all subtypes belonging to G protein membrane receptors.	Adenosine	0-9	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-28	Homo sapiens	90-97
35579349-1	2022	Liver Kinase B1 (LKB1) is known as a master kinase for 14 kinases related to the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	Adenosine	81-90	serine/threonine kinase 11	Mus musculus	0-15
35579349-1	2022	Liver Kinase B1 (LKB1) is known as a master kinase for 14 kinases related to the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	Adenosine	81-90	serine/threonine kinase 11	Mus musculus	17-21
35550911-3	2022	After cellular uptake, the released "split bullets" separately target to different subcellular destinations and exert distinct effects on DCs: (1) MT-targeted "bullet" recruits peripheral DCs into tumor sites, due to its capability to trigger adenosine triphosphate release from tumor cells; (2) ER-targeted "bullet" activates tumor-infiltrating DCs, which is attributed to its ability to evoke calreticulin exposure on tumor cells.	Adenosine	243-252	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	395-407
35503763-1	2022	OBJECTIVES: AICAR, an adenosine analog, has been shown to exhibit vascular protective effects through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	Adenosine	22-31	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	146-150
35510301-0	2022	Extracellular adenosine triphosphate induces IDO and IFNgamma expression of human periodontal ligament cells through P2 X7 receptor signaling.	Adenosine	14-23	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	53-61
35571566-8	2022	In conclusion, our results stipulate that metformin inhibits inflammation through the adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP-) activated protein kinase pathway by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kappaB).	Adenosine	86-95	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	194-203
35510301-0	2022	Extracellular adenosine triphosphate induces IDO and IFNgamma expression of human periodontal ligament cells through P2 X7 receptor signaling.	Adenosine	14-23	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	117-131
35572519-10	2022	Regarding the direct effect of BHB on inflammasome activation, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion in response to adenosine triphosphate or palmitate stimulation in human macrophages decreased significantly after isocaloric KD.	Adenosine	149-158	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	63-80
35501878-8	2022	FSH promoted renin synthesis via Gsalpha-coupled FSHRs that activated protein kinase A, cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) response element-binding protein, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk1/2), Protein kinase B(AKT), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathways in As4.1 cells.	Adenosine	95-104	follicle stimulating hormone beta	Mus musculus	0-3
35557035-1	2022	BACKGROUND: Poly (adenosine diphosphate)-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for tumors with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), including pathogenic mutations in BRCA1/2, have been developed.	Adenosine	18-27	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
35563447-0	2022	A2A Adenosine Receptor: A Possible Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer"s Disease by Regulating NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity?	Adenosine	4-13	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	92-97
35563447-8	2022	NLRP3 inhibition provides neuroprotection, and in recent years adenosine, through the A2A receptor, has been reported to modulate NLRP3 functions to reduce organ damage.	Adenosine	63-72	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	0-5
35563447-8	2022	NLRP3 inhibition provides neuroprotection, and in recent years adenosine, through the A2A receptor, has been reported to modulate NLRP3 functions to reduce organ damage.	Adenosine	63-72	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	130-135
35551509-5	2022	Mechanistically, KLB interacts with and stabilizes the cytokine receptor subunit GP130 by blockage of ubiquitin-dependent lysosomal degradation, thereby facilitating interleukin-6-evoked STAT3-HIF1alpha signaling, which in turn transactivates a cluster of glycolytic genes for adenosine triphosphate production and GSIS.	Adenosine	277-286	interleukin 6 signal transducer	Mus musculus	81-86
35551509-5	2022	Mechanistically, KLB interacts with and stabilizes the cytokine receptor subunit GP130 by blockage of ubiquitin-dependent lysosomal degradation, thereby facilitating interleukin-6-evoked STAT3-HIF1alpha signaling, which in turn transactivates a cluster of glycolytic genes for adenosine triphosphate production and GSIS.	Adenosine	277-286	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	166-179
35592437-6	2022	Adenosine and NECA activated most members of all four Galpha protein families (Galphas, Galphaq/11, Galphai, and Galpha12/13).	Adenosine	0-9	G protein subunit alpha 12	Homo sapiens	113-124
35586047-5	2022	We found that SIK2 overexpression could alleviate the neuronal damage, reduce the area of cerebral infarction, and increase the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, which could promote the expression of phosphorylated-mammalian target of rapamycin-1 (p-mTORC1), hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), phosphatase and tensin homologue-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and E3 ubiquitinligating enzyme (Parkin).	Adenosine	128-137	salt inducible kinase 2	Homo sapiens	14-18
35561274-2	2022	Pretreatment and delayed treatment of S. herbacea extract (SHE) in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) reduced the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and adenosine triphosphate stimulation and downregulated interleukin (IL)-1beta production.	Adenosine	190-199	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	131-136
35322852-6	2022	Based on our previous findings that microwave radiation could lead to abnormal energy metabolism in neurons, Prkaa2, encoding adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha2 (AMPKalpha2, an important catalytic subunit of energy sensor AMPK), was selected for further analysis.	Adenosine	126-135	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	109-115
35322852-6	2022	Based on our previous findings that microwave radiation could lead to abnormal energy metabolism in neurons, Prkaa2, encoding adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha2 (AMPKalpha2, an important catalytic subunit of energy sensor AMPK), was selected for further analysis.	Adenosine	126-135	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	186-196
35322852-6	2022	Based on our previous findings that microwave radiation could lead to abnormal energy metabolism in neurons, Prkaa2, encoding adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha2 (AMPKalpha2, an important catalytic subunit of energy sensor AMPK), was selected for further analysis.	Adenosine	126-135	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	246-250
35572519-10	2022	Regarding the direct effect of BHB on inflammasome activation, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion in response to adenosine triphosphate or palmitate stimulation in human macrophages decreased significantly after isocaloric KD.	Adenosine	149-158	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	96-123
35545344-2	2022	This study aims to investigate whether the mechanism of electroacupuncture in the treatment of neurogenic urine retention is through autophagy mediated by adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway.	Adenosine	155-164	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	211-240
35482014-8	2022	Adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation assays showed absent to decreased function in DPH5-knockout human and yeast cells.	Adenosine	0-9	diphthamide biosynthesis 5	Homo sapiens	81-85
35545344-2	2022	This study aims to investigate whether the mechanism of electroacupuncture in the treatment of neurogenic urine retention is through autophagy mediated by adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway.	Adenosine	155-164	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	242-246
35365563-4	2022	In this study, we show that methyltransferase like 14 (Mettl14)-mediated methylation of adenosines at the position N 6 of mRNA (N 6-methyladenosine (m6A)) is essential for the GC B cell response in mice.	Adenosine	88-98	methyltransferase like 14	Mus musculus	28-53
35355025-6	2022	These beneficial effects were associated with down-regulating genes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipogenesis such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase, and up-regulating genes related to lipolysis that encoded peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, adiponectin (ADPN), adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) 1, AdipoR2, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and hormone-sensitive lipase.	Adenosine	354-363	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	242-290
35573239-7	2022	It was found that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway in PUSMCs was activated by adenosine or UCMSC-sEV intervention.	Adenosine	127-136	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	77-80
35624663-5	2022	The mechanistic study indicated that empagliflozin significantly activated adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKalpha) through Calcium/Calmodulin dependent protein kinase kinase beta (CAMKK2) instead of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) or TGF-beta activated kinase (TAK1).	Adenosine	75-84	MAP3K7 C-terminal like	Homo sapiens	261-286
35239513-5	2022	MUC5AC was functionally related to inflammation as Muc5ac-deficient (Muc5ac-/-) mice had attenuated rhinovirus (RV)-induced airway inflammation and exogenous MUC5AC glycoprotein administration augmented inflammatory responses and increased release of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in mice and human airway epithelial cell cultures.	Adenosine	265-274	mucin 5, subtypes A and C, tracheobronchial/gastric	Mus musculus	0-6
35365563-4	2022	In this study, we show that methyltransferase like 14 (Mettl14)-mediated methylation of adenosines at the position N 6 of mRNA (N 6-methyladenosine (m6A)) is essential for the GC B cell response in mice.	Adenosine	88-98	methyltransferase like 14	Mus musculus	55-62
35410356-0	2022	Adenosine inhibits TNFalpha-induced MMP-3 production in MH7A rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes via A2A receptor signaling.	Adenosine	0-9	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	36-41
35414164-7	2022	Liver biopsy samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of adenosine triphosphate-binding transporter G2 (ABCG2).	Adenosine	124-133	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	171-176
35410356-8	2022	We concluded that adenosine signaling via A2A AdoRs, adenylyl cyclase, and cAMP reduces TNFalpha-induced MMP-3 production by interfering with p38 MAPK/ATF-2 activity.	Adenosine	18-27	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	88-96
35410356-8	2022	We concluded that adenosine signaling via A2A AdoRs, adenylyl cyclase, and cAMP reduces TNFalpha-induced MMP-3 production by interfering with p38 MAPK/ATF-2 activity.	Adenosine	18-27	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	105-110
35410356-1	2022	Adenosine causes the anti-inflammatory effect of MTX; however, the contributions of synoviocyte adenosine receptors (AdoRs) are unknown, and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) is released by fibroblast-like synoviocytes in response to inflammatory signaling.	Adenosine	0-9	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	141-167
35410356-1	2022	Adenosine causes the anti-inflammatory effect of MTX; however, the contributions of synoviocyte adenosine receptors (AdoRs) are unknown, and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) is released by fibroblast-like synoviocytes in response to inflammatory signaling.	Adenosine	0-9	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	169-174
35021019-2	2022	Adenosine-5"-Triphosphate (ATP) triggers interleukin (IL)-1beta secretion via the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) and activation of the NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome.	Adenosine	0-9	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	82-95
35394127-6	2022	The TLR4, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein 1 (CREB1) mRNA expressions were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).	Adenosine	62-71	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	122-127
35396348-6	2022	The pharmacological and reverse genetic approaches identified beta1-adrenergic receptor (AR)-mediated exchange proteins directly activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (EPAC)-SHIP1 signal activation by ablation of phosphatidylinositol triphosphate, regulating phagocytic cup formation.	Adenosine	149-158	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 3	Mus musculus	174-178
35021019-2	2022	Adenosine-5"-Triphosphate (ATP) triggers interleukin (IL)-1beta secretion via the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) and activation of the NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome.	Adenosine	0-9	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	97-102
34990072-6	2022	The mechanistic investigation revealed that CTRP9 overexpression restrained the activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in IL-1beta-stimulated chondrocytes via the adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1)/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) axis.	Adenosine	254-263	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	98-155
35134386-1	2022	Purinergic ionotropic receptors, such as the P2X7 receptor, are activated by extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP).	Adenosine	91-100	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	45-58
35441574-0	2022	Methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit-induced long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1833 N6-methyladenosine methylation promotes the non-small cell lung cancer progression via regulating heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 expression.	Adenosine	24-33	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1	Mus musculus	228-273
35151640-4	2022	Bic induced hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 which upregulates phosphorylated-5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) and severely suppresses the rate of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in both the oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis pathways.	Adenosine	155-164	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	12-44
35152550-6	2022	The umbrella sampling simulations further demonstrate that less free energy is needed for the initial dissociation of ATP (the adenosine group) from the inactive EGFR in the presence of JBJ-04-125-02, but more for the phosphate groups egressing from the active cavity.	Adenosine	127-136	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	162-166
34990072-6	2022	The mechanistic investigation revealed that CTRP9 overexpression restrained the activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in IL-1beta-stimulated chondrocytes via the adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1)/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) axis.	Adenosine	254-263	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	157-162
35189146-0	2022	Enzymatic characterization of mRNA cap adenosine-N6 methyltransferase PCIF1 activity on uncapped RNAs.	Adenosine	39-48	phosphorylated CTD interacting factor 1	Homo sapiens	70-75
35278461-8	2022	Mechanistically, silencing B7-H4 activated the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase /mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, which in turn, negatively regulated cell proliferation, stemness, and migration.	Adenosine	47-56	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	97-126
35078640-3	2022	The ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73, also expressed by CD4 T lymphocytes, are involved in the hydrolysis of pro-inflammatory extracellular ATP and generation of immunosuppressive adenosine and seem to be modulated in some arthritogenic pathologies.	Adenosine	173-182	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	49-52
35078640-8	2022	Finally, reduced levels of the ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73 expression was found during the chronic phase suggesting a possible modulation of extracellular ATP and adenosine by CD4+ T cells that may be involved in the persistence of arthritogenic symptoms.	Adenosine	161-170	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	174-177
35189146-2	2022	In addition, PCIF1 has ancillary methylation activities on internal adenosines (both A and Am), although with much lower catalytic efficiency relative to that of its preferred cap substrate.	Adenosine	68-78	phosphorylated CTD interacting factor 1	Homo sapiens	13-18
35305713-7	2022	Mechanistic studies revealed that the platelet adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor P2Y12 is essential for canine platelet aggregation induced by canine cancer.	Adenosine	47-56	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Canis lupus familiaris	84-89
35408582-6	2022	The inhibitor study data conducted in Wnt reporter cells and in cultured human dermal papilla cells demonstrated that adenosine stimulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling through the activation of the adenosine receptor and Gsk3beta plays a critical role in transmitting the signals from the adenosine receptor to beta-catenin, possibly via the Galphas/cAMP/PKA/mTOR signaling cascade.	Adenosine	118-127	PAXIP1 associated glutamate rich protein 1	Homo sapiens	340-347
35497383-1	2022	We demonstrate the density and shape of platinum nanoparticles (PtNP) on carbon-fiber microelectrodes with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) directly impacts detection of adenosine.	Adenosine	173-182	Fas activated serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	107-111
35365585-1	2022	BACKGROUND: Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1/L2 (programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1/ligand 2) pathway combined with other immunosuppressive signalings, such as CD73/A2aR (A2a adenosine receptor) adenosine signaling, has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment.	Adenosine	215-224	CD274 molecule	Sus scrofa	31-36
35134563-6	2022	ATP and NADH, derivatives of adenosine, inhibit insulin signaling inside cells by downregulation of activities of AMPK and SIRT1, respectively.	Adenosine	29-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
35218983-1	2022	PURPOSE: This meta-analysis evaluated the correlation between poly (adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose) polymerase (PARP) expression and prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer.	Adenosine	68-77	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	116-120
35408582-6	2022	The inhibitor study data conducted in Wnt reporter cells and in cultured human dermal papilla cells demonstrated that adenosine stimulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling through the activation of the adenosine receptor and Gsk3beta plays a critical role in transmitting the signals from the adenosine receptor to beta-catenin, possibly via the Galphas/cAMP/PKA/mTOR signaling cascade.	Adenosine	118-127	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	357-361
35408582-6	2022	The inhibitor study data conducted in Wnt reporter cells and in cultured human dermal papilla cells demonstrated that adenosine stimulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling through the activation of the adenosine receptor and Gsk3beta plays a critical role in transmitting the signals from the adenosine receptor to beta-catenin, possibly via the Galphas/cAMP/PKA/mTOR signaling cascade.	Adenosine	196-205	PAXIP1 associated glutamate rich protein 1	Homo sapiens	340-347
35408582-6	2022	The inhibitor study data conducted in Wnt reporter cells and in cultured human dermal papilla cells demonstrated that adenosine stimulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling through the activation of the adenosine receptor and Gsk3beta plays a critical role in transmitting the signals from the adenosine receptor to beta-catenin, possibly via the Galphas/cAMP/PKA/mTOR signaling cascade.	Adenosine	196-205	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	357-361
35355680-8	2022	Compared with conventional radioimmunotherapy, the combination of CIRT with anti-PD-1 more efficiently triggered traits of immunogenic cell death including the exposure of calreticulin, the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the exodus of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) as well as the induction of type-1 interferon responses.	Adenosine	201-210	programmed cell death 1	Mus musculus	81-85
35297101-3	2022	Several experimental studies have reported that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations modulate LLPS-driven droplet formation through the dissolution of FUS.	Adenosine	48-57	FUS RNA binding protein	Homo sapiens	158-161
35540097-1	2022	The authors show that increased poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme 2 (PKM2) expression is a common feature of a decompensated right ventricle in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and animal models.	Adenosine	37-46	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	81-86
35433336-3	2022	Physical exercise-activated adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling induces endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), increases NO bio-availability, and inhibits palmitoylation, leading to specific and immediate SARS-CoV-2 protection.	Adenosine	28-37	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	148-152
35408454-2	2022	Four subtypes of adenosine receptors (ARs), the A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR and A3AR, each with a unique pharmacological profile and distribution within the tissues in the human body, mediate many physiological functions and serve as critical drug targets for treating numerous human diseases including cancer, neuropathic pain, cardiac ischemia, stroke and diabetes.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	71-75
35274707-2	2022	Loss-of-function genes involved in this pathway can sensitize tumors to poly(adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and platinum-based chemotherapy, which target the destruction of cancer cells by working in concert with HRD through synthetic lethality.	Adenosine	77-86	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	125-129
35434015-5	2022	NLRP3 inflammasome activation was Reactive oxygen species (ROS) dependent, and the protein level was regulated when N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were selected as tools for regulating ROS.	Adenosine	143-152	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	0-5
35327609-0	2022	Adenosine-Metabolizing Enzymes, Adenosine Kinase and Adenosine Deaminase, in Cancer.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	32-48
35327609-4	2022	This review contains the latest data on two adenosine-lowering enzymes: adenosine kinase (ADK) and adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	44-53	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	72-88
35327609-4	2022	This review contains the latest data on two adenosine-lowering enzymes: adenosine kinase (ADK) and adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	44-53	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	90-93
35327609-5	2022	ADK deletes adenosine by its phosphorylation into 5"-adenosine monophosphate.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-3
35327609-5	2022	ADK deletes adenosine by its phosphorylation into 5"-adenosine monophosphate.	Adenosine	53-62	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-3
35327609-6	2022	Recent studies have revealed an association between a long nuclear ADK isoform and an increase in global DNA methylation, which explains epigenetic receptor-independent role of adenosine.	Adenosine	177-186	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	67-70
35152062-1	2022	Various adenosine receptor nucleoside-like ligands were found to modulate ATP hydrolysis by the multidrug transporter ABCG2.	Adenosine	8-17	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	118-123
35269514-3	2022	In this study, KRGE promoted astrocytic mitochondrial functions, assessed with oxygen consumption and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, which could be regulated by the translocase of the outer membrane of mitochondria 20 (Tom20) pathway with a PGC-1alpha-independent pathway.	Adenosine	102-111	translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20	Mus musculus	229-234
35488670-0	2022	Adenosine mono-phosphate-activated protein kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin signaling participates in the protective effect of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia on vascular endothelium of metabolic syndrome rats.	Adenosine	0-9	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	50-79
35488670-2	2022	This study aimed to investigate the role of adenosine mono-phosphate-activated protein kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK-mTOR) signaling in CIHH effect.	Adenosine	44-53	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	94-123
35488670-2	2022	This study aimed to investigate the role of adenosine mono-phosphate-activated protein kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK-mTOR) signaling in CIHH effect.	Adenosine	44-53	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	130-134
35217622-8	2022	The dissociation of a Bub3*BubR1 subcomplex of MCC is stimulated by UBR5-dependent ubiquitylation, as suggested by observations that this process in mitotic extracts requires UBR5 and alpha-beta bond hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate.	Adenosine	214-223	BUB3 mitotic checkpoint protein	Homo sapiens	22-26
35217622-8	2022	The dissociation of a Bub3*BubR1 subcomplex of MCC is stimulated by UBR5-dependent ubiquitylation, as suggested by observations that this process in mitotic extracts requires UBR5 and alpha-beta bond hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate.	Adenosine	214-223	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	184-194
35196191-10	2022	Together, we demonstrated that defective autophagy played an important role in EEC-EMT in IUA via the DIO2-MAPK/ERK-MTOR pathway, which provided a potential target for therapeutic implications.Abbreviations: ACTA2/alpha-SMA: actin alpha 2, smooth muscle; AMPK: adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; AKT/protein kinase B: AKT serine/threonine kinase; ATG: autophagy related; CDH1/E-cadherin: cadherin 1; CDH2/N-cadherin: cadherin 2; CQ: chloroquine; CTSD: cathepsin D; DIO2: iodothyronine deiodinase 2; DEGs: differentially expressed genes; EECs: endometrial epithelial cells; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition; FN1: fibronectin 1; IUA: intrauterine adhesions; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; Rapa: rapamycin; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; T3: triiodothyronine; T4: tetraiodothyronine; TFEB: transcription factor EB; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TGFB/TGFbeta: transforming growth factor beta.	Adenosine	261-270	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	112-115
35043462-7	2022	Our findings suggest that SERT expression and serotonergic signaling have a role in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in the brain.	Adenosine	124-133	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	26-30
35227162-0	2022	The role of p53 and p21 on 8-chloro-adenosine-induced cellular response.	Adenosine	36-45	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	12-15
35386537-4	2022	During the innate immune response, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase hyperactivated due to virus entry and extensive DNA damage sequentially, leading to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+ depletion, adenosine triphosphate depletion, and finally cell death.	Adenosine	198-207	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	35-61
35281058-5	2022	In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/lipopolysaccharide + adenosine triphosphate (LPS+ATP)-stimulated macrophages, our results showed that HSC remarkably inhibited the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).	Adenosine	49-58	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	172-185
35044379-8	2022	Moreover, alpha-TOS also consumed adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to impair ATP-dependent P-gp mediated drug efflux to reverse the tumor"s drug resistance.	Adenosine	34-43	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	87-91
35250640-0	2022	Sex-Specific Differences of Adenosine Triphosphate Levels in Red Blood Cells Isolated From ApoE/LDLR Double-Deficient Mice.	Adenosine	28-37	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	91-95
35273602-6	2022	Mechanistically, we revealed that NF-kappaB, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathways were all involved in the avian beta-defensin 9 gene induction, but histone H4 was not hyperacetylated in response to a combination of butyrate and quercetin.	Adenosine	94-103	avian beta-defensin 9	Gallus gallus	168-183
35179683-4	2022	Moreover, platelet-expressed NHE-1 might serve as a target for SGLT2 inhibitors, since these drugs and selective NHE-1 inhibitors produce comparable activity against adenosine diphosphate-stimulated platelet activation.	Adenosine	166-175	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Homo sapiens	29-34
35203352-9	2022	In MTC, we found 14 GPCR DEGs, including an upregulation of the dopamine receptor (DRD2) and adenosine receptor (ADORA2B), which were the target of many drugs.	Adenosine	93-102	adenosine A2b receptor	Homo sapiens	113-120
35140185-1	2022	A high extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration rapidly and reversibly exposes phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) in T cells by binding to the P2X7 receptor, which ultimately leads to necrosis.	Adenosine	21-30	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	152-165
35140462-9	2022	The role of P-EV-induced adenosine receptor signaling in AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation was a key mediator during enhanced BMMSC migration.	Adenosine	25-34	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	65-71
35222389-8	2022	In summary, reduced numbers of CD39+ and CD73+ cells at the maternal-fetal interface, which may be due to downregulated TGF-beta-mTOR-HIF-1alpha pathway, results in reduced ATP-adenosine metabolism and increased dNK cytotoxicity, and potentially contributes to URSA occurrences.	Adenosine	177-186	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	129-133
35222389-8	2022	In summary, reduced numbers of CD39+ and CD73+ cells at the maternal-fetal interface, which may be due to downregulated TGF-beta-mTOR-HIF-1alpha pathway, results in reduced ATP-adenosine metabolism and increased dNK cytotoxicity, and potentially contributes to URSA occurrences.	Adenosine	177-186	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	134-144
35140462-9	2022	The role of P-EV-induced adenosine receptor signaling in AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation was a key mediator during enhanced BMMSC migration.	Adenosine	25-34	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	57-60
35064691-1	2022	Methionine adenosyltransferase II alpha (MAT2A) is the key enzyme to transform methionine and adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a general methyl-group donor in vitro.	Adenosine	94-103	methionine adenosyltransferase 2A	Homo sapiens	0-39
34985777-1	2022	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 (ADAR2), an RNA editing enzyme is involved in a site-selective modification of adenosine (A) to inosine (I) in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA).	Adenosine	115-124	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1	Mus musculus	0-35
34985777-1	2022	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 (ADAR2), an RNA editing enzyme is involved in a site-selective modification of adenosine (A) to inosine (I) in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA).	Adenosine	115-124	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1	Mus musculus	37-42
35064691-1	2022	Methionine adenosyltransferase II alpha (MAT2A) is the key enzyme to transform methionine and adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a general methyl-group donor in vitro.	Adenosine	94-103	methionine adenosyltransferase 2A	Homo sapiens	41-46
35101134-3	2022	LRRK2 regulates macroautophagy via activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (MAPK/ERK) kinase (MEK) and the calcium-dependent adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways.	Adenosine	182-191	leucine rich repeat kinase 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
35163565-7	2022	As the PPARD mice aged from 10 weeks to 35 weeks and 55 weeks, we observed significant changes in levels of the metabolites inosine monophosphate (p = 0.0054), adenosine monophosphate (p = 0.009), UDP-glucose (p = 0.0006), and oxypurinol (p = 0.039).	Adenosine	160-169	peroxisome proliferator activator receptor delta	Mus musculus	7-12
35015792-8	2022	In flowering stage, the expression levels of soluble starch synthase (SSS1), starch-branching enzyme (SBE) and adenosine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP1) genes were higher in the mother bulb than in the daughter bulb.	Adenosine	111-120	orosomucoid 1	Homo sapiens	160-164
35153777-7	2022	Additionally, the activity of 5"-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase a (AMPKalpha) in the lungs from OVA-challenged mice was remarkably lower than control ones, while after metformin treatment, the ratio of p-AMPKalpha to AMPKalpha was upregulated and new blood vessels in the sub-epithelial area as evidenced by CD31 staining were effectively suppressed.	Adenosine	33-42	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	114-117
35023427-11	2022	Caffeine-driven IFN-gamma production was completely reversed by adenosine, a competitive agonist of adenosine receptor A2a.	Adenosine	64-73	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	16-25
35520394-2	2022	Particularly, lactic acid and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced in exercising muscles respectively stimulate acid sensing ion channel subtype 3 (ASIC3) and P2X3 receptors (P2X3) in muscle afferent nerves, inducing the reflex sympathetic and BP responses.	Adenosine	30-39	acid sensing ion channel subunit 3	Rattus norvegicus	113-147
35520394-2	2022	Particularly, lactic acid and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced in exercising muscles respectively stimulate acid sensing ion channel subtype 3 (ASIC3) and P2X3 receptors (P2X3) in muscle afferent nerves, inducing the reflex sympathetic and BP responses.	Adenosine	30-39	acid sensing ion channel subunit 3	Rattus norvegicus	149-154
35072914-12	2022	Another signal is conceivable to be mediated by hazard signals e.g., the purinergic P2X7 receptor stimulated by Adenosine triphosphate or other stimuli resulting in the efflux of potassium.	Adenosine	112-121	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	84-97
35127382-1	2022	Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) functions as a catalyzing enzyme targeting hydrolyzation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and inhibition of PDE4 has been proven to be a competitive strategy for dermatological and pulmonary inflammation.	Adenosine	108-117	phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens	0-19
35127382-1	2022	Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) functions as a catalyzing enzyme targeting hydrolyzation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and inhibition of PDE4 has been proven to be a competitive strategy for dermatological and pulmonary inflammation.	Adenosine	108-117	phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens	21-25
35109747-0	2022	Melatonin alleviates lipopolysaccharide (LPS) / adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-induced pyroptosis in rat alveolar Type II cells (RLE-6TN) through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-driven reactive oxygen species (ROS) downregulation.	Adenosine	48-57	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	144-187
2554058-2	1989	Recent evidence suggests that the adenine compounds ATP, adenosine-5"-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (ATP gamma S), and adenosine have important regulatory effects on O2- responses of human neutrophils stimulated with the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP).	Adenosine	57-66	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	256-260
35089089-1	2022	Fluorine 18 (18F) fluorthanatrace (18F-FTT) is a PET radiotracer for imaging poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), an important target for a class of drugs known as PARP inhibitors, or PARPi.	Adenosine	83-92	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	127-133
35089089-1	2022	Fluorine 18 (18F) fluorthanatrace (18F-FTT) is a PET radiotracer for imaging poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), an important target for a class of drugs known as PARP inhibitors, or PARPi.	Adenosine	83-92	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	186-190
2534505-0	1989	[The effect of adenosine and beta-endorphin on the contractions of the vas deferens in rats with various durations of ethanol narcosis].	Adenosine	15-24	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
34987222-4	2022	Here we report cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human DNA-PKcs natively purified from HeLa cell nuclear extracts, in complex with adenosine-5"-(gamma-thio)-triphosphate (ATPgammaS) and four inhibitors (wortmannin, NU7441, AZD7648 and M3814), including drug candidates undergoing clinical trials.	Adenosine	146-155	protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	70-78
35373131-11	2022	Adenosine treatment showed a protective effect on the disruption of the epithelium and on the caspase-3/7 activation.	Adenosine	0-9	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	94-105
2554058-4	1989	Incubation of neutrophils with ATP gamma S or adenosine led to a decrease in numbers of fMLP receptors (17 and 9.2%, respectively) but no change in receptor affinity (Kd).	Adenosine	46-55	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	88-92
2550786-5	1989	On the other hand, adenosine deaminase (ADA) treatment of the cells also stimulated ACTH release as well as adenylate cyclase activity by about 2-fold, suggesting that endogenous adenosine plays an inhibitory role in the release of ACTH.	Adenosine	19-28	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	84-88
2477462-2	1989	Two mouse monoclonal antibodies were raised against adenosine and guanosine coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA) by periodate oxidation.	Adenosine	52-61	albumin	Homo sapiens	94-107
2547930-2	1989	Role of adenosine in regulating angiotensin II-induced potentiation of noradrenergic neurotransmission and angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction.	Adenosine	8-17	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	32-46
2572433-9	1989	The results of the present study demonstrate that in the rat vas deferens the presynaptic inhibitory effects of adenosine is mediated by the A1-receptor subtype, and that both A1- and alpha 2-receptor agonists exert a selective inhibitory effect on the Phase I contractile response to electrical stimulation.	Adenosine	112-121	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
2550786-0	1989	Adenosine regulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from cultured anterior pituitary cells.	Adenosine	0-9	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	35-62
2550786-0	1989	Adenosine regulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from cultured anterior pituitary cells.	Adenosine	0-9	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	64-68
2550786-5	1989	On the other hand, adenosine deaminase (ADA) treatment of the cells also stimulated ACTH release as well as adenylate cyclase activity by about 2-fold, suggesting that endogenous adenosine plays an inhibitory role in the release of ACTH.	Adenosine	19-28	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	232-236
2550786-8	1989	These data suggest that adenosine modulates ACTH release from anterior pituitary through its interaction with adenosine receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase.	Adenosine	24-33	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	44-48
2738405-2	1989	Adenosine caused complete suppression of the respiratory burst elicited by TNF-alpha, FMLP, or CSF for granulocytes; partial suppression of the response to CSF for granulocytes/macrophages, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, or uncoated polystyrene surfaces; and no suppression of the response to PMA.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	75-84
2738405-2	1989	Adenosine caused complete suppression of the respiratory burst elicited by TNF-alpha, FMLP, or CSF for granulocytes; partial suppression of the response to CSF for granulocytes/macrophages, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, or uncoated polystyrene surfaces; and no suppression of the response to PMA.	Adenosine	0-9	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	86-90
2738405-3	1989	In most experiments, 4.7 x 10(-7) M and 2.5 x 10(-8) M adenosine caused 50% suppression of H2O2 release in response to TNF-alpha and FMLP, respectively, and 10 microM caused 100% suppression.	Adenosine	55-64	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	119-128
2738405-3	1989	In most experiments, 4.7 x 10(-7) M and 2.5 x 10(-8) M adenosine caused 50% suppression of H2O2 release in response to TNF-alpha and FMLP, respectively, and 10 microM caused 100% suppression.	Adenosine	55-64	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	133-137
2738405-8	1989	Dihydrocytochalasin B abolished the suppressive effect of adenosine on H2O2 release in response to FMLP.	Adenosine	58-67	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	99-103
2477998-2	1989	We have previously reported that adenosine, endogenously produced in human neutrophil suspensions, inhibits FMLP-induced polarization.	Adenosine	33-42	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	108-112
2770981-0	1989	Central actions of adenosine on pituitary secretion of prolactin, luteinizing hormone and thyrotropin.	Adenosine	19-28	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	55-64
2770981-2	1989	Adenosine (10, 100, and 200 nmol) injected intraventricularly caused dose-related rises in plasma prolactin (PRL) in males; in females, only the 100- and 200-nmol doses increased PRL.	Adenosine	0-9	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	98-107
2548574-3	1989	The chemical shifts of the C8-H, C2-H, and ribose C1"-H resonances of both adenosine units in stoichiometric complexes of AK1 with AP5A in the presence of Mg2+ could be determined.	Adenosine	75-84	adenylate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	122-125
2760838-2	1989	The role of adenosine in regulating angiotensin II-induced changes in heart rate and aldosterone release.	Adenosine	12-21	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	36-50
2760838-3	1989	The purpose of the present study was to determine whether endogenous adenosine (ADO) participates in angiotensin II (AII)-induced decreases in heart rate (HR) and regulates AII-induced aldosterone (ALDO) release.	Adenosine	69-78	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	101-115
2760838-3	1989	The purpose of the present study was to determine whether endogenous adenosine (ADO) participates in angiotensin II (AII)-induced decreases in heart rate (HR) and regulates AII-induced aldosterone (ALDO) release.	Adenosine	69-78	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	117-120
2760838-3	1989	The purpose of the present study was to determine whether endogenous adenosine (ADO) participates in angiotensin II (AII)-induced decreases in heart rate (HR) and regulates AII-induced aldosterone (ALDO) release.	Adenosine	69-78	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	173-176
2760838-3	1989	The purpose of the present study was to determine whether endogenous adenosine (ADO) participates in angiotensin II (AII)-induced decreases in heart rate (HR) and regulates AII-induced aldosterone (ALDO) release.	Adenosine	80-83	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	101-115
2760838-3	1989	The purpose of the present study was to determine whether endogenous adenosine (ADO) participates in angiotensin II (AII)-induced decreases in heart rate (HR) and regulates AII-induced aldosterone (ALDO) release.	Adenosine	80-83	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	117-120
2760838-3	1989	The purpose of the present study was to determine whether endogenous adenosine (ADO) participates in angiotensin II (AII)-induced decreases in heart rate (HR) and regulates AII-induced aldosterone (ALDO) release.	Adenosine	80-83	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	173-176
2733698-1	1989	Two anti-nucleoside monoclonal antibodies (A-16 and G-K21) were raised after immunizing mice with adenosine or guanosine coupled to bovine serum albumin by periodate oxidation.	Adenosine	98-107	olfactory receptor family 4 subfamily C member 3D	Mus musculus	43-47
2547930-3	1989	The pharmacology of adenosine and angiotensin II (AII) suggests that endogenous adenosine could function to regulate some of the biological effects of AII.	Adenosine	20-29	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	151-154
2547930-3	1989	The pharmacology of adenosine and angiotensin II (AII) suggests that endogenous adenosine could function to regulate some of the biological effects of AII.	Adenosine	80-89	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	34-48
2547930-3	1989	The pharmacology of adenosine and angiotensin II (AII) suggests that endogenous adenosine could function to regulate some of the biological effects of AII.	Adenosine	80-89	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
2547930-3	1989	The pharmacology of adenosine and angiotensin II (AII) suggests that endogenous adenosine could function to regulate some of the biological effects of AII.	Adenosine	80-89	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	151-154
2547930-4	1989	The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that endogenous adenosine inhibits the ability of AII to potentiate noradrenergic neurotransmission and/or to directly contract vascular smooth muscle.	Adenosine	66-75	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
2547930-5	1989	Two approaches were used to assess the physiological import of adenosine-AII interactions on neurotransmission and vascular tone.	Adenosine	63-72	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
2547930-19	1989	These results indicate that although adenosine has the potential to regulate AII-induced enhancement of noradrenergic neurotransmission and AII-induced direct vasoconstriction, such regulation does not occur under the conditions of this study.	Adenosine	37-46	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
2547930-19	1989	These results indicate that although adenosine has the potential to regulate AII-induced enhancement of noradrenergic neurotransmission and AII-induced direct vasoconstriction, such regulation does not occur under the conditions of this study.	Adenosine	37-46	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	140-143
2469421-5	1989	Unexpectedly we also observed that AMP and adenosine not only stimulated CAT activity driven by CG beta promoter sequences but also enhanced synthesis of CG alpha and beta subunits in cultured choriocarcinoma cells.	Adenosine	43-52	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	154-162
2759281-0	1989	[The effect of adenosine and its derivatives on the dynamics of delayed activity and the calmodulin level in various structures of the brain].	Adenosine	15-24	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	89-99
2537867-7	1989	Neutrophil degranulation in response to FMLP was only modestly inhibited by adenine nucleotides and ADO.	Adenosine	100-103	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	40-44
2537867-10	1989	Both TLC and HPLC confirmed that ATP and ADP were converted to AMP and ADO after their incubation with unstimulated or FMLP-activated neutrophils.	Adenosine	71-74	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	119-123
2537867-12	1989	The kinetics of inhibition of FMLP-induced neutrophil O2- generation by ATP and ADP also indicated that conversion of these nucleotides to ADO and/or AMP may be essential for their ability to reduce neutrophil responses.	Adenosine	139-142	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	30-34
2713212-4	1989	We have studied the effects of infused adenosine in doses of 0.005, 0.03 and 0.07 mg kg-1 min-1 on pulmonary blood flow and systemic vascular resistance in eight healthy volunteers, using a non-invasive, inert gas method and mass spectrometry.	Adenosine	39-48	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	90-95
2499464-4	1989	The minute ventilation was increased by adenosine 5.3 to 15.9 mg (median values) from control 12.6 +/- 1.9 l min-1 to 42.5 +/- 4.7 l min-1 in a dose-dependent manner.	Adenosine	40-49	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	109-114
2499464-4	1989	The minute ventilation was increased by adenosine 5.3 to 15.9 mg (median values) from control 12.6 +/- 1.9 l min-1 to 42.5 +/- 4.7 l min-1 in a dose-dependent manner.	Adenosine	40-49	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	133-138
2521786-4	1989	This specific inhibition, plus evidence from fluorescence quenching and photoaffinity labeling, suggests that actin binds at the adenosine activation sites of PFK.	Adenosine	129-138	ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type	Oryctolagus cuniculus	159-162
2713212-13	1989	We suggest that adenosine in doses of 0.03 mg kg-1 min-1 should be evaluated as a selective pulmonary vasodilator.	Adenosine	16-25	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	51-56
2558531-3	1989	Using 0.5 M NaCl, 10 mM ATP and 5 mM adenosine as eluting agents, it was possible to separate on AMP-sepharose column AMP deaminase "high Km" and "low Km" 5"-nucleotidase and adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	37-46	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	175-191
2643255-7	1989	Theophylline, at a dose blocking the coronary flow response to dipyridamole (an adenosine-dependent mechanism), induced a moderate increase in myocardial oxygen extraction (by 11%, P less than 0.05), but failed to affect either the basal coronary flow (105 +/- 16 ml min-1) or the increase during exercise (88 +/- 25 ml min-1).	Adenosine	80-89	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	267-272
2643255-7	1989	Theophylline, at a dose blocking the coronary flow response to dipyridamole (an adenosine-dependent mechanism), induced a moderate increase in myocardial oxygen extraction (by 11%, P less than 0.05), but failed to affect either the basal coronary flow (105 +/- 16 ml min-1) or the increase during exercise (88 +/- 25 ml min-1).	Adenosine	80-89	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	320-325
2544124-4	1989	Even though eicosanoids and beta-2-adrenergic agonists may be involved in mild to moderate hypoxia, it seems more likely that adenosine is more involved in erythropoietin production with increasing severity of hypoxia.	Adenosine	126-135	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	156-170
2544124-5	1989	Adenosine may play a very early role in hypoxia following the decrease in ATP to trigger erythropoietin production, and hydrogen peroxide may be generated from hypoxanthine, a metabolite of adenosine, during reoxygenation and regional changes in blood flow in the normal kidney and perhaps in certain renal and hepatic tumors.	Adenosine	0-9	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	89-103
2544124-6	1989	Further work is necessary in vivo to completely clarify the role of adenosine and oxygen free radicals in regulating kidney production of erythropoietin.	Adenosine	68-77	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	138-152
2515908-0	1989	Effect of adenosine on gonadotropin and prolactin secretion by hemipituitaries in vitro.	Adenosine	10-19	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	40-49
2515908-1	1989	Incubation of hemipituitaries from male rats (200-220 g) with 10 nM to 1 microM adenosine induced a dose-dependent decrease of the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) into the medium, and increased prolactin (PRL) secretion.	Adenosine	80-89	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	237-246
2515908-1	1989	Incubation of hemipituitaries from male rats (200-220 g) with 10 nM to 1 microM adenosine induced a dose-dependent decrease of the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) into the medium, and increased prolactin (PRL) secretion.	Adenosine	80-89	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	248-251
2515908-4	1989	These data indicate a regulatory role for adenosine in pituitary LH, FSH and PRL release, and also a possible modulatory effect of adenosine on the LHRH-LH and FSH system.	Adenosine	42-51	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
2630176-7	1989	Compound 1c is one of the most potent adenosine analogue inhibitors of HNMT known.	Adenosine	38-47	histamine N-methyltransferase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	71-75
2792550-5	1989	The deoxyadenosine/adenosine deamination ratios ranged from 0.75 to 0.84 for both ADA activities.	Adenosine	9-18	adenosine deaminase	Gallus gallus	82-85
2792550-7	1989	For erythrocyte ADA, Km values were 8.9-12.9 microM adenosine (range) and 8.3 microM 2"-deoxyadenosine.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine deaminase	Gallus gallus	16-19
2792550-8	1989	For heart ADA, Km values were 6.7-12.0 microM adenosine (range) and 5.3 microM 2"-deoxyadenosine.	Adenosine	46-55	adenosine deaminase	Gallus gallus	10-13
2473315-7	1989	We demonstrated transient reversal of constriction in this arterial model during coinfusion with endothelin-1 (100 pmol/min) of dihydropyridine calcium channel blocking agent nicardipine (0.5-20 nmol/min), substance P (0.5-50 fmol/min), adenosine (10-10,000 pmol/min), and isosorbide dinitrate (0.001-0.1 mg/min).	Adenosine	237-246	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	97-109
2844754-9	1988	Rhodopsin kinase is competitively inhibited by adenosine and its mono- and diphosphate derivatives, but not by most other adenosine derivatives.	Adenosine	47-56	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 7	Homo sapiens	0-16
2844754-9	1988	Rhodopsin kinase is competitively inhibited by adenosine and its mono- and diphosphate derivatives, but not by most other adenosine derivatives.	Adenosine	122-131	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 7	Homo sapiens	0-16
2848512-4	1988	Analogues of adenosine decreased prolactin release, VIP-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation and TRH-stimulated inositol phospholipid hydrolysis and IPx generation.	Adenosine	13-22	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
2480501-5	1989	Submillimolar concentrations of adenosine, NECA and R-PIA inhibited in a concentration dependent manner the release of histamine and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) from skin mast cells challenged with anti-IgE.	Adenosine	32-41	prostaglandin D2 synthase	Homo sapiens	133-149
2541427-0	1989	[Dependence of the activity of enzymes of adenosine metabolism in hypothyroid rats on the level of somatotropin in the body].	Adenosine	42-51	growth hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-111
2541427-3	1989	Adenosine metabolism returns to normal in the spleen and thymocytes as a result of somatotropin action.	Adenosine	0-9	growth hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-95
3187541-2	1988	Most of the methylated adenosine residues in prolactin mRNA are in the 3" untranslated region.	Adenosine	23-32	prolactin	Homo sapiens	45-54
2902197-10	1988	The differing effects of adenosine compounds on release evoked by K+ and veratridine suggest that A1 receptor activation either inhibits Ca2+ influx through the voltage-sensitive channels or interferes with a step subsequent to Ca2+ entry that is coupled to the voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels in an obligatory fashion.	Adenosine	25-34	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	228-231
2902197-10	1988	The differing effects of adenosine compounds on release evoked by K+ and veratridine suggest that A1 receptor activation either inhibits Ca2+ influx through the voltage-sensitive channels or interferes with a step subsequent to Ca2+ entry that is coupled to the voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels in an obligatory fashion.	Adenosine	25-34	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	228-231
2459120-11	1988	Also consistent with involvement of cAMP lowering in insulin action was the finding that adenosine removal greatly diminished insulin"s responsiveness.	Adenosine	89-98	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
2848110-3	1988	NPY"s inhibitory action at the stratum radiatum-CA1 synapse was unaffected by high concentrations of the antagonists bicuculline, theophylline, or atropine, suggesting that it does not act by stimulating the release of the known presynaptic inhibitory transmitters GABA, adenosine, or ACh, respectively.	Adenosine	271-280	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
3044993-1	1988	Our previous studies support the hypothesis that activation of the renin-angiotensin system by renal ischemia elevates adenosine levels and that adenosine acts in a negative feedback loop to limit renin release and to mitigate some of the hypertension-producing effects of angiotensin II.	Adenosine	145-154	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	273-287
3260524-2	1988	Adenosine inhibited granulocyte aggregation in response to 10(-7) mol/L FMLP in a dose-dependent fashion; inhibition in the presence of 1 mumol/L adenosine was 25% +/- 3% (SD) and was 50% (the maximal inhibition observed) with 1 mmol/L adenosine.	Adenosine	0-9	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
3383386-13	1988	On the other hand, adenosine deaminase and antagonists act as "error signals" by attenuating the effect of adenosine, whereas dipyridamole enhances the "gain" of the system by potentiating the effects of adenosine.	Adenosine	107-116	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	19-38
2454913-7	1988	The transcript starts at an adenosine residue 32 base pairs upstream from the initiation codon of ORF1.	Adenosine	28-37	hypothetical protein	Bacillus subtilis	98-102
3260524-2	1988	Adenosine inhibited granulocyte aggregation in response to 10(-7) mol/L FMLP in a dose-dependent fashion; inhibition in the presence of 1 mumol/L adenosine was 25% +/- 3% (SD) and was 50% (the maximal inhibition observed) with 1 mmol/L adenosine.	Adenosine	146-155	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
3260524-2	1988	Adenosine inhibited granulocyte aggregation in response to 10(-7) mol/L FMLP in a dose-dependent fashion; inhibition in the presence of 1 mumol/L adenosine was 25% +/- 3% (SD) and was 50% (the maximal inhibition observed) with 1 mmol/L adenosine.	Adenosine	236-245	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
3391675-5	1988	These findings indicate that the marked renal vasoconstriction in one-kidney, one clip hypertension during theophylline administration is mainly mediated by angiotensin II, is to a lesser degree due to inhibition of adenosine-induced vasodilation, and is independent of sympathetic influences.	Adenosine	216-225	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	157-171
2826882-21	1988	Taking advantage of this information, treatment of ATP or of supernatant fluids from thrombin-stimulated platelets with alkaline phosphatase (resulting in formation of adenosine) converts the O2-.	Adenosine	168-177	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	85-93
2844154-2	1988	To determine the mechanism(s) by which adenosine inhibits O2- generation stimulated by the chemoattractant N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP), we examined cyclic AMP (cAMP) concentrations, stimulated membrane depolarization and Ca2+ movements.	Adenosine	39-48	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	145-149
2844154-11	1988	These results fulfil the last criterion for the demonstration of an A2 receptor on human neutrophils, and indicate that adenosine occupies an A2 receptor on neutrophils to raise intracellular cAMP in synergy with occupancy of the FMLP receptor.	Adenosine	120-129	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	230-243
2843832-3	1988	NPY was at least 200-fold more potent than norepinephrine or adenosine to produce an equivalent inhibition.	Adenosine	61-70	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
3359424-2	1988	A 24-h exposure of murine LC3, TA3 and B16 cells and human MeWo and K562 cells to 1-10 microM periodate-oxidized adenosine had a very slight inhibitory effect upon DNA methylation.	Adenosine	113-122	RIKEN cDNA 2700049A03 gene	Mus musculus	31-34
2833659-6	1988	Similar results were obtained in human neutrophils stimulated with immune complexes; when FMLP was the agonist, the results were divergent: ATP and ADP enhanced the responses, whereas AMP and adenosine were inhibitory.	Adenosine	192-201	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	90-94
3344997-2	1988	Adenosine was intravenously infused, at a rate of 90 +/- 20 (SEM) micrograms.kg-1.min-1, to reduce mean arterial blood pressure by approximately 20% (23 +/- 2% SEM, from 82 +/- 3 to 63 +/- 3 SEM mmHg) during a 20-min period.	Adenosine	0-9	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	82-87
2848512-6	1988	Addition of adenosine deaminase or the potent adenosine-receptor antagonist, BW-A1433U, enhanced the accumulation of cyclic AMP by VIP, indicating that endogenously produced adenosine tonically inhibits adenylate cyclase.	Adenosine	12-21	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	131-134
2855246-2	1988	Prevention of the inhibitory action of endogenous adenosine [by adenosine deaminase (100 mU/ml) or theophylline (3.3 X 10(-4) M)] resulted in increased levels of cAMP and increased rates of lipolysis with forskolin.	Adenosine	50-59	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	162-166
2855246-4	1988	N6-phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA; an analog of adenosine) abolished the increase in cAMP level produced by isoproterenol (10(-7) M) or forskolin (10(-6) M) and the lipolytic response to forskolin.	Adenosine	18-27	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
3137757-1	1988	Adenosine reduced the expression of CD4 antigen both in HIV infected and uninfected H9 T cells.	Adenosine	0-9	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	36-39
2826882-27	1988	In FMLP stimulated neutrophils, the presence of ATP or ADP leads to enhanced increases in intracellular levels of Ca++ as determined by the fura-2 probe, while the presence of AMP or adenosine results in inhibition of the increases in FMLP induced elevations in cytosolic Ca++.	Adenosine	183-192	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	3-7
2826882-27	1988	In FMLP stimulated neutrophils, the presence of ATP or ADP leads to enhanced increases in intracellular levels of Ca++ as determined by the fura-2 probe, while the presence of AMP or adenosine results in inhibition of the increases in FMLP induced elevations in cytosolic Ca++.	Adenosine	183-192	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	235-239
2825800-9	1987	In the intact myotubes at low adenosine concentration, the anabolic activity of adenosine kinase was at least 4.9-fold the catabolic activity of adenosine deaminase, in accord with the markedly higher Vmax/Km ratio of the kinase for adenosine.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	80-96
3380525-4	1988	In modified Boyden chamber assays, the combination of EHNA (10 microM), adenosine (100 microM), and L-homocysteine thiolactone (100 microM) markedly inhibited FN-induced chemotaxis by 88% and PDGF-induced chemotaxis by 93%).	Adenosine	72-81	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	159-161
20501252-3	1988	When applied simultaneously with adenosine or noradrenaline, VIP depressed the firing of cortical neurons, but this depression could be reproduced by the passage of similar positive currents through a 50 mM NaCl-containing barrel of the multiple barrelled micropipette.	Adenosine	33-42	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
20501252-5	1988	Leakage of adenosine or noradrenaline during iontophoretic applications of the peptide may account for the reported inhibitory actions of VIP.	Adenosine	11-20	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
3436062-2	1987	Both enzyme reactions of APRT and HPRT in lysates treated with a charcoal-dextran were simultaneously carried out in the same reaction tube and the enzyme activities were determined by measuring the increases in absorbance at 260 nm of adenosine and inosine converted from adenosine-5"-monophosphate and inosine-5"-monophosphate with alkaline phosphatase.	Adenosine	236-245	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	25-29
3440102-2	1987	After placebo, adenosine induced an increase of minute ventilation (from 6.3 to 12.5 l min-1), tidal volume (from 0.60 to 0.96 l), and breathing rate (from 11.0 to 14.8 min-1).	Adenosine	15-24	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	87-92
3440102-2	1987	After placebo, adenosine induced an increase of minute ventilation (from 6.3 to 12.5 l min-1), tidal volume (from 0.60 to 0.96 l), and breathing rate (from 11.0 to 14.8 min-1).	Adenosine	15-24	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	169-174
3327362-5	1987	Following saline, adenosine (up to 120 micrograms kg-1 min-1) caused a dose-related increase in heart rate (mean +/- SD maximum increase 18 +/- 8 bpm; P less than 0.01).	Adenosine	18-27	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	55-60
2820806-1	1987	Treatment of intact human platelets with the tumour-promoting phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), specifically inhibited PGD2-induced cyclic AMP formation without affecting the regulation of cyclic AMP metabolism by PGI2, PGE1, 6-keto-PGE1, adenosine or adrenaline.	Adenosine	259-268	prostaglandin D2 synthase	Homo sapiens	139-143
2441163-7	1987	Adenosine infusion after caffeine induced comparable effects, but the fractional adenosine-induced changes of SBP, HR, plasma catecholamines, plasma renin activity (PRA), and aldosterone all were significantly reduced by previous administration of caffeine.	Adenosine	81-90	renin	Homo sapiens	149-154
2823530-8	1987	In conclusion, adenosine deaminase and 5"-adenylate deaminase enhanced the nerve-induced contractions in the ileum, and, since 5"-adenylate deaminase was inactive after pretreatment with adenosine deaminase, this suggests that endogenous adenosine rather than 5"-adenine nucleotides modulated cholinergic neurotransmission in the ileum.	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	187-206
3598576-0	1987	Protein carboxyl methylation in synaptic membrane of rat brain: the possible presence of adenosine-bound S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase in the membrane.	Adenosine	89-98	adenosylhomocysteinase	Rattus norvegicus	105-140
2441057-3	1987	Coupling of the functionalized adenosine agonist N6-[p-(carboxymethyl)phenyl]adenosine to an SP C-terminal peptide also resulted in a binary drug that binds to both receptors.	Adenosine	31-40	surfactant protein C	Homo sapiens	93-97
2441057-6	1987	Adenosine analogues have analgesic properties, and the binary drug derived from substance P and adenosine agonists or antagonists might provide useful tools for probing interrelationships of SP pathways and sites for the antinociceptive action of adenosine.	Adenosine	96-105	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	191-193
2441057-6	1987	Adenosine analogues have analgesic properties, and the binary drug derived from substance P and adenosine agonists or antagonists might provide useful tools for probing interrelationships of SP pathways and sites for the antinociceptive action of adenosine.	Adenosine	247-256	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	80-91
2441057-6	1987	Adenosine analogues have analgesic properties, and the binary drug derived from substance P and adenosine agonists or antagonists might provide useful tools for probing interrelationships of SP pathways and sites for the antinociceptive action of adenosine.	Adenosine	247-256	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	191-193
3593281-8	1987	A possible role of this process in counteracting the production of adenosine by 5"-nucleotidase is hypothesized.	Adenosine	67-76	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 5'-nucleotidase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	80-95
3034778-0	1987	Inhibition of renin release by analogues of adenosine in rabbit renal cortical slices.	Adenosine	44-53	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: renin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	14-19
3034778-1	1987	Renal cortical slices obtained from male New Zealand rabbits were used to investigate the role of adenosine in the regulation of renin release.	Adenosine	98-107	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: renin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	129-134
3034778-7	1987	These data suggest that adenosine and its analogues inhibit renin release and that this inhibition may be mediated by a receptor-dependent action on a common point in the pathway leading to release.	Adenosine	24-33	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: renin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	60-65
2438383-4	1987	The cyclic AMP response to VIP was not abolished by preincubating slices in 100 microM adenosine, suggesting that calcium-dependent, VIP-induced release of adenosine does not mediate VIP elevation of cyclic AMP.	Adenosine	156-165	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	133-136
2438383-4	1987	The cyclic AMP response to VIP was not abolished by preincubating slices in 100 microM adenosine, suggesting that calcium-dependent, VIP-induced release of adenosine does not mediate VIP elevation of cyclic AMP.	Adenosine	156-165	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	133-136
2886563-1	1987	The development of a dopamine- and adenosine 3":5"-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein with an apparent Mr of 32,000 (DARPP-32) has been investigated in the central nervous system of the prenatal and newborn rat by immunocytochemical methods.	Adenosine	35-44	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1B	Rattus norvegicus	121-129
3036217-0	1987	Adenosine kinase from human erythrocytes: kinetic studies and characterization of adenosine binding sites.	Adenosine	82-91	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
3036217-5	1987	These results suggest that adenosine kinase has at least two adenosine binding sites, one at the catalytic center and another quite distinct site at which binding of adenosine protects the reactive thiol group(s).	Adenosine	61-70	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	27-43
3577821-7	1987	Thus, adenosine 0.09 mg kg-1 min-1 was associated with an increase in heart rate (mean +/- SD) from baseline before saline with 16 +/- 10 b.p.m.	Adenosine	6-15	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	29-34
3577821-12	1987	above baseline was obtained with 0.005 mg kg-1 min-1 of adenosine as compared with 0.08-0.09 mg kg-1 min-1 of adenosine following saline.	Adenosine	56-65	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	47-52
3577821-12	1987	above baseline was obtained with 0.005 mg kg-1 min-1 of adenosine as compared with 0.08-0.09 mg kg-1 min-1 of adenosine following saline.	Adenosine	110-119	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	101-106
3548440-6	1987	Adenosine, but not vehicle, significantly (P less than 0.01) increased leg blood flow (from 2.7 +/- 0.3 to 8.7 +/- 2.5 ml X 100 ml tissue-1 X min-1), heart rate (from 66 +/- 3 to 80 +/- 4 beats/min), and urinary epinephrine excretion (from 2.8 +/- 0.4 to 5.4 +/- 0.8 ng/mg creatinine).	Adenosine	0-9	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	142-147
3567048-4	1987	Adenosine infusion at rates of 6.1 mg min-1 and above caused a significant increase in minute ventilation, principally due to an increase in tidal volume, with an associated significant fall in end-tidal Pco2.	Adenosine	0-9	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	38-43
3301711-11	1987	Direct dietary effects on insulin action became apparent upon removal of endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	84-93	insulin	Homo sapiens	26-33
3559983-5	1987	Other investigators have hypothesized that angiotensin II mediates adenosine-induced renal vasoconstriction.	Adenosine	67-76	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	43-57
3033995-4	1987	In PRP, exogenous adenosine (2-16 microM) was eliminated with a half-life close to 5 min.	Adenosine	18-27	prion protein	Homo sapiens	3-6
3033995-6	1987	In whole blood the half-life for adenosine was much shorter, about 15 s. Addition of adenosine deaminase (0.3 microgram ml-1) to PRP resulted in a measured half-life for adenosine approximating that of whole blood.	Adenosine	33-42	prion protein	Homo sapiens	129-132
3033995-6	1987	In whole blood the half-life for adenosine was much shorter, about 15 s. Addition of adenosine deaminase (0.3 microgram ml-1) to PRP resulted in a measured half-life for adenosine approximating that of whole blood.	Adenosine	85-94	prion protein	Homo sapiens	129-132
3033995-7	1987	In PRP where adenosine was eliminated as quickly as in whole blood, the adenosine-mediated stimulation of cAMP was 35% lower than in PRP, and the cAMP response lasted 2 min versus 15 min in normal PRP.	Adenosine	13-22	prion protein	Homo sapiens	3-6
3033995-7	1987	In PRP where adenosine was eliminated as quickly as in whole blood, the adenosine-mediated stimulation of cAMP was 35% lower than in PRP, and the cAMP response lasted 2 min versus 15 min in normal PRP.	Adenosine	72-81	prion protein	Homo sapiens	3-6
2882411-3	1987	The effects of adrenergic agonists and adenosine on the accumulation of adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) were examined in cerebral cortical slices from adult and neonatal rats.	Adenosine	39-48	transmembrane serine protease 5	Rattus norvegicus	110-113
3499148-5	1987	However, this pathway does not contribute significantly to the production of hypoxanthine, since the adenosine formed is rephosphorylated by adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	101-110	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	141-157
3794704-0	1987	Nerve growth factor effect on adenosine transport in cultured chromaffin cells.	Adenosine	30-39	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	0-19
3091593-6	1986	The parasite purine nucleoside phosphorylase was not cross-reactive with antibody against human enzyme, exhibited a calculated native molecular weight of 147,000, and showed a single major electrophoretic form of pI 5.4 and substrate specificity for inosine, guanosine and deoxyguanosine but not xanthosine or adenosine.	Adenosine	310-319	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	13-44
3659119-3	1987	In the present study, ethanol dependence also resulted in subsensitivity of the vas to the effects induced by alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine, the alpha-receptor antagonists phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine, as well as to adenosine and naloxone.	Adenosine	230-239	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
3025802-3	1986	Granulocyte membrane PEMT has Km for S-adenosylmethionine of 4.4 microM and specific activity 0.54 +/- 0.51 pmol/mg protein/15 min, is inhibited by S-adenosylhomocysteine, displays optimal activity at pH 8.0-9.5, and is stimulated by isoproterenol greater than epinephrine greater than norepinephrine, but not by prostaglandin E1, serum-treated zymosan, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, or adenosine 3":5" cyclic monophosphate.	Adenosine	396-405	phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	21-25
3791584-7	1986	Adenosine deaminase, an enzyme that deaminates adenosine to inosine and is limited to the extracellular space, significantly attenuated (61%) the atria-to-His-bundle interval prolongation caused by hypoxia.	Adenosine	47-56	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	0-19
3091593-3	1986	Adenosine has been implicated as a major source for intraerythrocytic hypoxanthine production via deamination and phosphorolysis, utilizing adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase, respectively.	Adenosine	0-9	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	164-195
3017491-7	1986	Adenosine 30 microM added to the superfusion fluid decreased electrically stimulated ACh release both in rats drinking tap water and rats drinking caffeine.	Adenosine	0-9	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
3011114-3	1986	In intact cells, the endogenous production of deoxyadenosine from WI-L2 cells deficient in adenosine kinase (EC 2.7.1.20) and deoxycytidine kinase (EC 2.7.1.74) was consistently high, despite changes in endogenous adenosine production.	Adenosine	51-60	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	91-107
3015342-5	1986	The adenosine agonist, L-phenylisopropyl adenosine (L-PIA) was more effective than D-PIA, indicating that the adenosine depression of presynaptic Ca2+ entry is mediated via the A1 receptor.	Adenosine	4-13	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	146-149
3015342-7	1986	Adenosine depressed also these Ca2+ signals.	Adenosine	0-9	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
3011114-4	1986	Endogenous production of deoxyadenosine from CEM cells deficient in adenosine kinase and deoxycytidine kinase was, however, coordinated with endogenous adenosine production.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	68-84
3730928-0	1986	Adenosine modulation of hepatic arterial but not portal venous constriction induced by sympathetic nerves, norepinephrine, angiotensin, and vasopressin in the cat.	Adenosine	0-9	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	140-151
3486942-0	1986	Adenosine inhibition of calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclase from bovine cerebral cortex.	Adenosine	0-9	calmodulin	Bos taurus	24-34
3486942-2	1986	In this study, the sensitivity of the CaM-sensitive adenylate cyclase to adenosine and adenosine analogs was examined.	Adenosine	73-82	calmodulin	Bos taurus	38-41
3486942-2	1986	In this study, the sensitivity of the CaM-sensitive adenylate cyclase to adenosine and adenosine analogs was examined.	Adenosine	87-96	calmodulin	Bos taurus	38-41
3486942-6	1986	The Ki for adenosine inhibition of the CaM-sensitive adenylate cyclase was approximately 2.6 X 10(-4) M. 5"-Guanylylimidodiphosphate and CaM did not affect the Ki of 3"-deoxyadenosine for the enzyme, but the presence of Ca2+ in the millimolar range raised the Ki by a factor of 5.	Adenosine	11-20	calmodulin	Bos taurus	39-42
3486942-6	1986	The Ki for adenosine inhibition of the CaM-sensitive adenylate cyclase was approximately 2.6 X 10(-4) M. 5"-Guanylylimidodiphosphate and CaM did not affect the Ki of 3"-deoxyadenosine for the enzyme, but the presence of Ca2+ in the millimolar range raised the Ki by a factor of 5.	Adenosine	11-20	calmodulin	Bos taurus	137-140
3486942-7	1986	These results show that the CaM-sensitive form of adenylate cyclase from bovine brain is subject to adenosine inhibition, and strongly suggest that this inhibition is due to interaction of ligands with a purine-specific ("P") site located on the catalytic subunit of the enzyme.	Adenosine	100-109	calmodulin	Bos taurus	28-31
3706543-0	1986	Adenosine alters glomerular filtration control by angiotensin II.	Adenosine	0-9	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	50-64
3706543-1	1986	This study was designed to test the hypothesis that high renal levels of adenosine (ADO) may alter glomerular filtration rate (GFR) control by angiotensin II (ANG II).	Adenosine	73-82	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	143-157
3706543-1	1986	This study was designed to test the hypothesis that high renal levels of adenosine (ADO) may alter glomerular filtration rate (GFR) control by angiotensin II (ANG II).	Adenosine	73-82	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	159-165
3706543-1	1986	This study was designed to test the hypothesis that high renal levels of adenosine (ADO) may alter glomerular filtration rate (GFR) control by angiotensin II (ANG II).	Adenosine	84-87	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	143-157
3706543-1	1986	This study was designed to test the hypothesis that high renal levels of adenosine (ADO) may alter glomerular filtration rate (GFR) control by angiotensin II (ANG II).	Adenosine	84-87	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	159-165
3730928-3	1986	infusions of adenosine cause dilation of the hepatic artery and inhibition of arterial vasoconstriction induced by norepinephrine, vasopressin, angiotensin, and hepatic nerve stimulation.	Adenosine	13-22	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	131-142
3928764-1	1985	Adenosine is able to in vitro inhibit FMLP-dependent activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes as evaluated by enzyme release, superoxide anion generation and chemiluminescence production.	Adenosine	0-9	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	38-42
3954939-5	1986	In two patients taking dipyridamole the mean dose of adenosine which produced an electrophysiologic effect (restoration of sinus rhythm or ventricular slowing to under 100 beats min-1) was 1.0 +/- 0.52 mg, whereas in other patients the mean dose was 8.8 +/- 2.6 mg, suggesting potentiation of the action of adenosine by dipyridamole.	Adenosine	53-62	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	178-183
3958922-2	1986	Of the compounds tested, 5"-deoxy-5"[6-(2-aminopyrrolo[2,3-d]-pyrimidine-4-one) methylthio]adenosine (9) had good selective inhibitory activity against vaccinia mRNA guanine 7-methyltransferase, exhibiting an IC50 of 9.2 X 10(-5) M. Structure-activity considerations suggest that specific inhibition of RNA methyltransferases by low molecular weight multisubstrate adduct inhibitors may be achievable.	Adenosine	90-100	RNA (guanine-7-) methyltransferase	Mus musculus	161-193
2433528-2	1986	The formation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) by the adenylate cyclase system--consisting of the catalyst itself, the Ns and Ni proteins, and various hormone receptors--is stimulated by prostaglandins and adenosine, and is inhibited by alpha 2-adrenergic agonists, ADP, vasopressin, platelet-activating factor, and thrombin.	Adenosine	194-203	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	259-270
2433528-2	1986	The formation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) by the adenylate cyclase system--consisting of the catalyst itself, the Ns and Ni proteins, and various hormone receptors--is stimulated by prostaglandins and adenosine, and is inhibited by alpha 2-adrenergic agonists, ADP, vasopressin, platelet-activating factor, and thrombin.	Adenosine	194-203	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	304-312
2999129-13	1985	Adenosine kinase appears to be important for adenosine analog phosphorylation where the Michaelis constant is in the low micromolar range.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
3004108-4	1985	Adenosine deaminase abolished inhibition by adenosine but did not block the effect of 2-chloroadenosine or the adenine nucleotides.	Adenosine	44-53	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	0-19
2998734-0	1985	Adenosine inhibits prolactin and growth hormone secretion in a clonal pituitary cell line.	Adenosine	0-9	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	19-28
2864915-2	1985	Two of the loci, adenosine2 and adenosine3, located at map positions 18.4 and 20, respectively, produce mutations which are supplementable with adenine, adenosine, and inosine.	Adenosine	17-26	GART trifunctional enzyme	Drosophila melanogaster	32-42
4016820-7	1985	Intracoronary adenosine completely prevented vasopressin"s effect, and the vasodilator response to adenosine was not attenuated by simultaneous administration of vasopressin.	Adenosine	14-23	vasopressin	Sus scrofa	45-56
3956577-5	1986	The negative inotropic effect of adenosine was very quick in onset and was potentiated by erythro-6-amino-9(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)-purine hydrochloride (EHNA), an adenosine deaminase inhibitor, suggesting that adenosine was being degraded.	Adenosine	33-42	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	159-178
3956577-6	1986	The effect of adenosine was quickly abolished by adenosine deaminase (ADA) and antagonized by 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT), suggesting that the action of adenosine was most likely through the surface membrane receptor sites.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	49-68
3956577-6	1986	The effect of adenosine was quickly abolished by adenosine deaminase (ADA) and antagonized by 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT), suggesting that the action of adenosine was most likely through the surface membrane receptor sites.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	70-73
3956577-6	1986	The effect of adenosine was quickly abolished by adenosine deaminase (ADA) and antagonized by 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT), suggesting that the action of adenosine was most likely through the surface membrane receptor sites.	Adenosine	49-58	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	70-73
3020902-6	1986	These data indicate that dadenosine phosphorylation by adenosine kinase is primarily regulated by its Km, and the concentrations of Mg2+, ADP and AMP.	Adenosine	25-35	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	55-71
3020902-7	1986	The high Km values for phosphorylation of dadenosine and adenine arabinoside suggest that adenosine kinase may be less likely to phosphorylate these nucleosides in vivo than other enzymes with lower Km values.	Adenosine	42-52	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	90-106
3020902-8	1986	Adenosine kinase appears to be important for adenosine analog phosphorylation where the Michaelis constant is in the low micromolar range.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
3002179-7	1985	As we have observed previously with glucagon and catecholamines, inhibition of insulin action by VIP was observed only when accumulation of adenosine in the incubation medium was prevented by addition of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	140-149	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
2997277-0	1985	Possible role of adenosine in the macula densa mechanism of renin release in rabbits.	Adenosine	17-26	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: renin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	60-65
2997277-1	1985	This study was designed to examine: (a) the effects of adenosine and its analogues on renin release in the absence of tubules, glomeruli, and macula densa, and (b) whether adenosine may be involved in a macula densa-mediated renin release mechanism.	Adenosine	55-64	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: renin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	86-91
2997277-6	1985	When adenosine (0.1 microM) was added to Af, renin release decreased from 0.72 +/- 0.16 to 0.24 +/- 0.04 ng AI X h-1 X Af-1/h (P less than 0.025; n = 9).	Adenosine	5-14	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: renin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	45-50
2997277-11	1985	The results are consistent with the hypotheses that adenosine decreases renin release via the activation of A1 adenosine receptors, and that adenosine may be an inhibitory signal from the macula densa to juxtaglomerular cells.	Adenosine	52-61	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: renin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	72-77
4005294-0	1985	Myocardial S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase is important for adenosine production during normoxia.	Adenosine	61-70	adenosylhomocysteinase	Rattus norvegicus	11-43
4005294-1	1985	The coronary vasodilator adenosine can be formed in the heart by breakdown of AMP or S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAdoHcy).	Adenosine	25-34	transmembrane serine protease 5	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
4005294-14	1985	From the combined in vitro and perfusion studies, we conclude that S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase can contribute significantly to adenosine production in normoxic rat heart, but not during ischemia.	Adenosine	132-141	adenosylhomocysteinase	Rattus norvegicus	67-99
3879973-4	1985	The cryptic branch points always occur at adenosine residues, but the sequences surrounding the branched nucleotide vary.	Adenosine	42-51	cripto, FRL-1, cryptic family 1	Homo sapiens	4-11
4008102-3	1985	One substitution of a thymidine for an adenosine was found at position 1069 of the 2898 nucleotide sequence in a restriction endonuclease (SacI) fragment, which corresponds to the second base of the 61st codon of the gene encoding P21 protein.	Adenosine	39-48	adenylate cyclase 10	Homo sapiens	139-143
2411319-3	1985	Adenosine (1-100 microM) produced only very weak contractions, whereas carbachol (EC50 = 0.40 microM), histamine (EC50 = 0.63 microM), prostaglandin D2 (EC50 = 0.50 microM), substance P (EC50 = 4.6 microM) and ATP (1-100 microM) produced much greater ones.	Adenosine	0-9	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	174-185
3157348-1	1985	Rat ovarian 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was shown to be effectively inhibited by adenosine derivatives, nicotinamide derivatives, NADP analogs, N-alkylammonium chlorides, and carboxylic acids through coenzyme-competitive inhibition studies.	Adenosine	91-100	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C3	Rattus norvegicus	12-49
3973603-4	1985	The enzymes responsible for adenine and adenosine salvage, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase and adenosine kinase, were purified about 1,500-fold.	Adenosine	40-49	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	59-92
2983040-7	1985	The synergistic interaction between VIP and NE is also observed in the presence of the adenosine antagonist theophylline, thus discarding the possibility of a mediation of the synergism by adenosine released by VIP.	Adenosine	87-96	vasoactive intestinal polypeptide	Mus musculus	36-39
2983040-7	1985	The synergistic interaction between VIP and NE is also observed in the presence of the adenosine antagonist theophylline, thus discarding the possibility of a mediation of the synergism by adenosine released by VIP.	Adenosine	189-198	vasoactive intestinal polypeptide	Mus musculus	211-214
2412755-0	1985	Rhodopsin phosphorylation inhibited by adenosine in frog rods: lack of effects on excitation.	Adenosine	39-48	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	0-9
2412755-1	1985	The rod photocurrent was studied by recording the transretinal voltage from the aspartate-treated isolated frog retina before and after perfusion with 2 mM adenosine, which inhibited 60-80% of the light-induced rhodopsin phosphorylation.	Adenosine	156-165	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	211-220
2986372-6	1985	The residual activity towards deoxyadenosine is considered an intrinsic property of the purified adenosine kinase and, in fact, phosphorylation of adenosine was inhibited competitively by deoxyadenosine, with a Ki of 70 microM.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	97-113
6210089-0	1984	Adenosine inhibits and potentiates IgE-dependent histamine release from human lung mast cells by an A2-purinoceptor mediated mechanism.	Adenosine	0-9	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	35-38
6210089-2	1984	Addition of adenosine to the dispersed mast cells at times up to 5 min before immunological challenge with anti-human IgE inhibited histamine release.	Adenosine	12-21	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	118-121
6437241-4	1984	Next we added the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADase), which inactivates adenosine by converting it to inosine, to the perfusate before exposure to one of two levels of hypoxia [inspiratory PO2 (PIO2) 18 or 0 Torr].	Adenosine	25-34	adenosine deaminase	Mustela putorius furo	46-51
6527795-4	1984	We have previously shown that adenosine analogues are significantly less effective at regulating adenosine 3":5"-phosphate in adenosine kinase-deficient PC12 cells than in wild type cells [Erny and Wagner (1984) Proc.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	126-142
6389223-10	1984	Adenosine increases the insulin sensitivity of adipocytes.	Adenosine	0-9	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
6437241-6	1984	Unless adenosine released endogenously into the interstitium during hypoxia was somehow protected from the ADase which reached the interstitium, these results indicate that hypoxic pulmonary vasodilation was not mediated by adenosine.	Adenosine	7-16	adenosine deaminase	Mustela putorius furo	107-112
6468394-0	1984	Regulation by adenosine of the vasopressin-sensitive adenylate cyclase in pig-kidney cells (LLC-PK1L) grown in defined media.	Adenosine	14-23	vasopressin	Sus scrofa	31-42
6487899-0	1984	Adenosine deaminase antagonizes inhibitory responses to adenosine and non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory nerve stimulation in isolated preparations of guinea-pig trachea.	Adenosine	56-65	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	0-19
6468394-12	1984	These results indicate a role of adenosine on vasopressin response, especially at low physiological concentrations of the hormone where a high-affinity component of the hormonal response could be demonstrated.	Adenosine	33-42	vasopressin	Sus scrofa	46-57
6470059-7	1984	The inhibitory effect of the enzyme on adenosine-induced cortical vasodilatation was specific, because 5 U/ml adenosine deaminase did not attenuate the vasodilative potency of 10(-8) mol/ml 2-chloroadenosine.	Adenosine	39-48	adenosine deaminase	Felis catus	110-129
6100417-1	1984	The influence was studied in vitro of certain agents (adenosine, ADP, ATP, theophylline, together with F- ions) on the cAMP concentrations in the nuclear (N) and mitochondrial (M) fractions from different areas of rat brain.	Adenosine	54-63	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	119-123
6146982-0	1984	Adenosine-dependent activation of tyrosine hydroxylase is defective in adenosine kinase-deficient PC12 cells.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	71-87
6330251-7	1984	For B-lymphoblasts, 2"-deoxyadenosine together with adenosine produces comparable growth inhibition of wild-type and adenosine kinase-deficient cells, and this inhibition is more marked than with adenosine alone, but is independent of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase activity.	Adenosine	28-37	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	117-133
6330251-7	1984	For B-lymphoblasts, 2"-deoxyadenosine together with adenosine produces comparable growth inhibition of wild-type and adenosine kinase-deficient cells, and this inhibition is more marked than with adenosine alone, but is independent of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase activity.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	117-133
6100417-3	1984	After incubation with adenosine and F- ions a distinct decrease of cAMP level was observed in N fractions from the midbrain and thalamus with hypothalamus and in mitochondrial fractions obtained from all the investigated regions.	Adenosine	22-31	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	67-71
6199230-0	1984	Effects of analogues of adenosine and methyl xanthines on insulin sensitivity in soleus muscle of the rat.	Adenosine	24-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
6199230-1	1984	The concentration of insulin that produces half-maximal stimulation of glycolysis by stripped soleus muscle preparations is markedly increased by the adenosine analogues, 2-chloroadenosine and N6-phenylisopropyladenosine, but is markedly decreased by the methyl xanthine analogue, 8-phenyltheophylline.	Adenosine	150-159	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
6322800-0	1984	Halogenated pyrrolopyrimidine analogues of adenosine from marine organisms: pharmacological activities and potent inhibition of adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	43-52	adenosine kinase	Cavia porcellus	128-144
6692836-1	1984	Adenosine (S)-5"-[alpha-17O, 18O2]triphosphate has been synthesized and used to investigate the stereochemical course of activation of tryptophan by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase from beef pancreas.	Adenosine	0-9	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	149-177
6320295-2	1983	The effects of adenosine on cyclic AMP formation are mediated through two extracellular recognition sites: a high affinity (Kd = 10(-9) M) site designated A-1, activation of which results in an inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity and a lower affinity site (Kd = 10(-6) M) designated A-2, activation of which stimulates adenylate cyclase activity.	Adenosine	15-24	BCL2 related protein A1	Homo sapiens	155-158
6319625-0	1984	DARPP-32, a dopamine- and adenosine 3":5"-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein enriched in dopamine-innervated brain regions.	Adenosine	26-35	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B	Homo sapiens	0-8
6319627-0	1984	DARPP-32, a dopamine- and adenosine 3":5"-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein enriched in dopamine-innervated brain regions.	Adenosine	26-35	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1B	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
6197095-6	1983	The possibility of a TRH action through other known inhibitors of the cyclic AMP system in dog thyroid such as: acetylcholine, alpha-adrenergic agents, adenosine, iodide were checked and ruled out.	Adenosine	152-161	TRH	Canis lupus familiaris	21-24
6352808-3	1983	The inhibitors of methyltransferase, SIBA, adenosine, or HEH showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect not only on phospholipid methylation but also on serine esterase activation and on BCDF-induced IgG production; DFP inhibited IgG production but not phospholipid methylation.	Adenosine	43-52	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	186-190
6646999-7	1983	Adenosine deaminase abolished the effects of adenosine and partly reduced the relaxant effects of ATP in the presence of indomethacin.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	0-19
6604525-2	1983	The basal rate of adenosine formation was 2% (polymorphonuclear leucocytes) or 9% (heart cells) of the maximal activity of adenosine kinase also measured in intact cells.	Adenosine	18-27	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	123-139
6604525-6	1983	However, perfusion with hypoxic buffer or infusion of adenosine into the coronary circulation at a rate (20 nmol/min) equivalent to 40% of the activity of adenosine kinase caused large increases in effluent perfusate adenosine and inosine concentrations.	Adenosine	54-63	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	155-171
6306018-8	1983	Adenosine uptake by these kinase-deficient cells was inhibited by adenine and 5"-deoxyadenosine, and was largely abolished in mutants devoid also of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase.	Adenosine	0-9	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	149-182
6887834-15	1983	min-1 during adenosine infusion resulted in a decrease in mean aortic pressure (63% of control value) and a marked further reduction in blood flow to the LV papillary muscles as well as the LV subendocardium, while MBF increased dramatically in the LV subepicardium compared to values observed during ventricular pacing at 250 beats .	Adenosine	13-22	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-5
6341086-0	1983	Restoration by insulin of the responsiveness of stimulated adipocytes to adenosine.	Adenosine	73-82	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
6341086-2	1983	The presence of insulin under conditions where its action on the phosphodiesterase activity is impaired, restores the responsiveness of adenylate-cyclase and of lipolysis to adenosine.	Adenosine	174-183	insulin	Homo sapiens	16-23
6304684-5	1983	An accumulation of labeled adenosine was observed also in the presence of 5-iodotubercidin, a potent inhibitor of adenosine kinase (ATP:adenosine 5"-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.20).	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	136-167
6822509-0	1983	Binding of adenosine to intracellular S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase in isolated rat hepatocytes.	Adenosine	11-20	adenosylhomocysteinase	Rattus norvegicus	38-70
6320295-2	1983	The effects of adenosine on cyclic AMP formation are mediated through two extracellular recognition sites: a high affinity (Kd = 10(-9) M) site designated A-1, activation of which results in an inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity and a lower affinity site (Kd = 10(-6) M) designated A-2, activation of which stimulates adenylate cyclase activity.	Adenosine	15-24	G protein-coupled receptor 162	Homo sapiens	288-291
6320295-3	1983	Stable radiolabeled analogs of adenosine have been used to label A-1 receptors in mammalian brain.	Adenosine	31-40	BCL2 related protein A1	Homo sapiens	65-68
6320295-8	1983	Future progress in understanding the potential physiological role of adenosine in the mammalian CNS will depend on the availability of more potent and specific adenosine antagonists, ligands specific for the A-2 receptor, and a better understanding of the factors that regulate adenosine availability.	Adenosine	69-78	G protein-coupled receptor 162	Homo sapiens	208-211
7044144-0	1982	A proposed role for adenosine in the regulation of renal hemodynamics and renin release.	Adenosine	20-29	renin	Homo sapiens	74-79
6296838-1	1982	Normal human T lymphocytes incubated with adenosine (10 muM) for 30 min at 37 degrees C show an increase in the percentage of cells expressing receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (RFc(gamma)) and the OKT8 antigen, while the proportion of OKT4(+) cells decreases.	Adenosine	42-51	latexin	Homo sapiens	56-59
6983348-6	1982	Pre-incubation of purified S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase at 0 degrees C with adenosine showed a half-maximal inactivation rate at 33 microM substrate concentration; the rate constant of inactivation was 0.01 min-1.	Adenosine	80-89	adenosylhomocysteinase	Rattus norvegicus	27-59
6315288-2	1983	In one of the SPDC patients and one of the CS patients the effect of PTH on the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations in urine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were determined.	Adenosine	87-96	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	69-72
7044144-1	1982	Adenosine is produced by renal tissue and has potent effects on renal blood flow and its distribution, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and the secretion of renin.	Adenosine	0-9	renin	Homo sapiens	158-163
7044144-6	1982	Intrarenal adenosine also produces a rapid and pronounced inhibition of renin release that appears to be independent of its hemodynamic or tubular effects.	Adenosine	11-20	renin	Homo sapiens	72-77
7378359-1	1980	A number of adenosine analogues have been examined for their ability to interact with S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) hydrolase in intact mouse lymphocytes.	Adenosine	12-21	acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 3	Mus musculus	86-111
7042312-2	1982	The removal of adenosine from intact fat cells largely potentiated the isoproterenol-stimulated increase in cAmP level.	Adenosine	15-24	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	108-112
7070209-4	1982	Electrically evoked twitch response of vas deferens was suppressed by adenosine, beta-endorphine and alpha 2-adrenergic agonists, such as clonidine and B-HT 933, both in control and clonidine-treated groups.	Adenosine	70-79	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
7070209-6	1982	Vas deferens from clonidine-treated rats also was less responsive to adenosine and beta-endorphin, both of which interact with presynaptic inhibitory receptors other than alpha 2-adrenoceptors.	Adenosine	69-78	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
6922818-4	1982	Age-dependent differences of the vasopressin effect on the kallikrein-kinin system, adenosine metabolism, the contents of prostaglandins and cyclic AMP have been established.	Adenosine	84-93	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	33-44
7317429-1	1981	Cells of an adenosine-resistant clone (AE1) of S49 mouse lymphoma cells were compared with cells of the parental line with respect to (a) characteristics of nucleoside transport, (b) high affinity binding of the inhibitor of nucleoside transport, nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR), and (c) the antiproliferative effects of the nucleoside antibiotics, tubercidin, arabinosyladenine and showdomycin.	Adenosine	12-21	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	39-42
7317453-6	1981	When the liver was perfused with adenosine alone, hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine, via S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, appeared to be blocked resulting in the accumulation of this compound.	Adenosine	33-42	adenosylhomocysteinase	Rattus norvegicus	92-124
7270706-6	1981	Adenosine raised CBV 75%, CBF, 574%, and MPO2 122%, but did not affect significantly MSVBV, MSVHct, or MVO2.	Adenosine	0-9	myeloperoxidase	Canis lupus familiaris	41-44
6259327-8	1981	It was found that the lipolytic response to GH was at least 10 times as sensitive to the inhibitory action of adenosine as was the lipolytic response to isoproterenol.	Adenosine	110-119	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	44-46
6259327-9	1981	It is concluded that the lipolytic response to GH in the flask-incubation method is prevented by the accumulation of adenosine.	Adenosine	117-126	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	47-49
6169199-3	1981	Effect of adenosine on the activity of key enzymes of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis (orotidine monophosphate pyrophosphorylase and uridine kinase) was studied.	Adenosine	10-19	uridine-cytidine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	133-147
6169199-6	1981	One of the mechanisms, by means of which the inhibitory effect of adenosine was realized, was related to the enzymatic activity of orotidine monophosphate pyrophosphorylase and uridine kinase.	Adenosine	66-75	uridine-cytidine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	177-191
6280984-2	1982	Exogenous adenosine by itself was slightly active, and its activity was increased in the presence of adenosine deaminase or transport inhibitors.	Adenosine	10-19	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	101-120
7319689-11	1981	FIAT decreased, P less than 0.05 and lipolysis increased, P less than 0.01 after one week of treatment with an adenosine derivate BM 11.189.	Adenosine	111-120	taxilin gamma	Homo sapiens	0-4
6253566-3	1980	We therefore examined the effects of isoproterenol, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), adenosine, and histamine on the adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate (cAMP) content of PMN and on particle-stimulated lysosomal enzyme release.	Adenosine	77-86	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	140-144
6248853-1	1980	Cell surface adenosine receptors mediate either stimulation or inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1], and the receptors that mediate these different responses can be discriminated with selected adenosine analogs.	Adenosine	13-22	adenylate cyclase 10	Homo sapiens	105-128
7357001-9	1980	A study of the base specificity of the DNA-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase interaction using dinucleoside monophosphates shows that inhibition of DNA binding by the dinucleotides requires the presence of a 3"-terminal adenosine and is greater when the 5"-terminus contains a pyrimidine instead of a purine.	Adenosine	227-236	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	43-83
6248432-2	1980	In old animals, adenosine metabolism was activated, this being evident from the rise of 5"-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase activity in blood and myocardium.	Adenosine	16-25	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 5'-nucleotidase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	88-103
6108963-0	1981	Activation of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase in pheochromocytoma cells by adenosine.	Adenosine	68-77	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	14-38
6108963-1	1981	Adenosine increases the activity of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase in intact pheochromocytoma cells.	Adenosine	0-9	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	36-60
6108963-9	1981	Adenosine appears to be an endogenous regulator of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity in pheochromocytoma cells.	Adenosine	0-9	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	51-75
90084-2	1979	The inhibition dose-response curve is paralleled by an adenosine-induced increase in cAMP levels of human leukocyte preparations.	Adenosine	55-64	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	85-89
6105659-0	1980	Effects of several benzodiazepines on adenosine mediated inhibition of neurotransmission in rat vas deferens in vitro.	Adenosine	38-47	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	96-99
90084-3	1979	Further evidence that the adenosine effect is related to changes in cAMP levels is that the nucleoside inhibits only in the first stage of antigen-induced histamine release and fails to inhibit the release caused by ionophore A23187.	Adenosine	26-35	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	68-72
427219-6	1979	Stimulation by adenosine was additive with the effects of GMP-P(NH)P, and alpha- or beta-adrenergic stimulation, but was abolished by prostaglandin E1 or by NaF.	Adenosine	15-24	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	157-160
572035-0	1979	Blockade of Ca2+ dependent rat atrial slow action potentials by adenosine and lanthanum.	Adenosine	64-73	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
427219-7	1979	Prostaglandin E1 and NaF increased the sensitivity of adenylate cyclase to inhibition by adenosine.	Adenosine	89-98	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	0-24
36314-1	1979	This short review summarizes some of the data concerning the regulation of adrenocortical adenylate cyclase by ACTH and other putative effectors, such as guanosine and nucleotides, divalent cations and adenosine.	Adenosine	202-211	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	111-115
758311-1	1979	A clone (AE1) of cells resistant to adenosine cytotoxicity was isolated from a mutagenized population of mouse T-lymphoma (S49) cells.	Adenosine	36-45	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	9-12
218120-0	1979	Presynaptic inhibitory actions of 2-substituted adenosine derivatives on neurotransmission in rat vas deferens: effects of inhibitors of adenosine uptake and deamination.	Adenosine	48-57	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
218120-1	1979	In the isolated rat vas deferens, various 2-substituted adenosine derivatives and adenosine inhibited contractions elicited by field stimulation but had little effect on responses to exogenous noradrenaline.	Adenosine	56-65	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
218120-5	1979	Pretreatment of the vas deferens with both HNBTG and 2"-deoxycoformycin eliminated the difference in inhibitory potency between adenosine and 2-chloroadenosine.	Adenosine	128-137	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
207296-7	1978	In rat hepatoma cell lines growing in culture, the toxicity of adenosine correlated inversely with the ratio of adenosine deaminase activity to adenosine kinase activity.	Adenosine	63-72	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	144-160
215126-13	1978	It is suggested that 5"-nucleotidase and adenosine kinase are simultaneously active so that a substrate cycle between AMP and adenosine is produced: the difference in Km values between kinase and deaminase indicates that, via the cycle, small changes in activity of kinase or nucleotidase produce large changes in adenosine concentration.	Adenosine	126-135	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	41-57
27343-4	1978	The studies reported here show that in dogs the adenosine released into the interstitium is partly reincorporated into adenine nucleotides via an adenosine kinase (EC 2.7.1.20) reaction (salvage pathway) and partly degraded to inosine and hypoxanthine.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine kinase	Canis lupus familiaris	146-162
25420-5	1978	The rate constants of the intermediate formation and its dehydration were found to be 38x10(-4) and 47x10(-4) /min-1/ for adenosine, and 33x10(-4) and 10x10(-4) /min-1/ for cytidine.	Adenosine	122-131	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	111-116
205077-0	1978	The effect of chlorpromazine, some tricyclic antidepressants and insulin on the action of cyclic AMP and adenosine metabolism.	Adenosine	105-114	insulin	Homo sapiens	65-72
20953-5	1977	Membranes prepared from adenosine triphosphate-depleted red cells depicted a two to three-fold increase in catalase activity, as well as an increase in 60 000 molecular weight band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.	Adenosine	24-33	catalase	Homo sapiens	107-115
204068-5	1978	The selective medium for reverse selection (to select for cells lacking adenosine kinase) contains 2-fluoroadenosine, an analogue of adenosine, which is converted to a toxic nucleotide by the action of adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	72-81	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	202-218
897205-6	1977	In preparations in which vascular reactivity had been abolished by indomethacin and then partly restored by 1 or 5 ng/ml PG2, adenosine also inhibited responses to noradrenaline: the curve for the 5 ng/ml PG2 concentration was to the right of and parallel to the 1 ng/ml curve consistent with a competitive interaction between adenosine and PG2.	Adenosine	126-135	delta like non-canonical Notch ligand 1	Homo sapiens	121-124
897205-6	1977	In preparations in which vascular reactivity had been abolished by indomethacin and then partly restored by 1 or 5 ng/ml PG2, adenosine also inhibited responses to noradrenaline: the curve for the 5 ng/ml PG2 concentration was to the right of and parallel to the 1 ng/ml curve consistent with a competitive interaction between adenosine and PG2.	Adenosine	126-135	delta like non-canonical Notch ligand 1	Homo sapiens	205-208
897205-6	1977	In preparations in which vascular reactivity had been abolished by indomethacin and then partly restored by 1 or 5 ng/ml PG2, adenosine also inhibited responses to noradrenaline: the curve for the 5 ng/ml PG2 concentration was to the right of and parallel to the 1 ng/ml curve consistent with a competitive interaction between adenosine and PG2.	Adenosine	126-135	delta like non-canonical Notch ligand 1	Homo sapiens	205-208
182325-2	1976	After addition of norepinephrine, dopamine or adenosine to the perfusates the output of cyclic AMP was enhanced, whilst serotonin and histamine were found to be ineffective.	Adenosine	46-55	transmembrane serine protease 5	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
70080-2	1977	Extended incubation with thrombin  (in the presence of EDTA or adenosine, which inhibit aggregation) produced extensive changes in the bands observed.	Adenosine	63-72	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	25-33
267918-1	1977	The ability of adenosine to stimulate adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] and increase adenosine 3":5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) levels has important biochemical consequences.	Adenosine	15-24	adenylate cyclase 10	Homo sapiens	57-80
1070512-2	1976	In pH 7.3 phosphate buffer at 37 degrees, this enzyme preparation deaminated adenosine and arabinosyladenine (ara-A) with apparent values for the Michaelis constant of 40 muM and 90 muM respectively.	Adenosine	77-86	latexin	Homo sapiens	171-174
6157460-5	1980	Adenosine and PGE2, known stimulators of bone cell cyclic AMP formation, elicited agonist-specific desensitization, and also desensitized bone cells to the effects of subsequently added PTH.	Adenosine	0-9	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	186-189
6157460-6	1980	PTH blunted the cellular response to adenosine, but not to PGE2.	Adenosine	37-46	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	0-3
953013-3	1976	Adenosine is transported into human blood platelets by two different systems: a low Km system (9.8 muM) which is competitively inhibited by papaverine, and a high Km system (9.4 mM) which is competitively inhibited by adenine.	Adenosine	0-9	latexin	Homo sapiens	99-102
932031-1	1976	Broken cell particulate preparations of adenylate cyclase isolated from the human glioma cell line 132-1N1 were stimulated 2-to 3-fold by 30 muM adenosine.	Adenosine	145-154	latexin	Homo sapiens	141-144
932031-2	1976	This concentration of adenosine produced a maximal stimulation of the cyclase while 3 to 5 muM adenosine produced half-maximal stimulation.	Adenosine	95-104	latexin	Homo sapiens	91-94
932031-3	1976	Theophylline, at 40 muM, inhibited the adenosine stimulation of the adenylate cyclase by about 40% while 200 muM produced near complete inhibition.	Adenosine	39-48	latexin	Homo sapiens	20-23
932031-15	1976	The effect of adenosine on the broken cell particulate preparations of adenylate cyclase from the fibroblasts was similar to its action on the cyclase from the 132-1N1; 30 muM adenosine produced a maximal stimulation of the adenylate cyclase, and the stimulation was inhibited by theophylline.	Adenosine	14-23	latexin	Homo sapiens	172-175
932031-15	1976	The effect of adenosine on the broken cell particulate preparations of adenylate cyclase from the fibroblasts was similar to its action on the cyclase from the 132-1N1; 30 muM adenosine produced a maximal stimulation of the adenylate cyclase, and the stimulation was inhibited by theophylline.	Adenosine	176-185	latexin	Homo sapiens	172-175
952944-2	1976	A rapid and sensitive isotopic method is presented for the assay of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (EC 3.3.1.1) activity, based on the formation of radioactive S-adenosylhomocysteine labelled in the adenosine portion.	Adenosine	201-210	adenosylhomocysteinase	Rattus norvegicus	68-100
179331-7	1976	Only at high concentrations did adenosine increase the cAMP content of vascular strips, but the increase was signficantly more than that observed with the same dose of aminophylline.	Adenosine	32-41	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	55-59
178342-4	1976	Under conditions in which adenosine inhibited aggregation and increased cAMP in human platelets, adenosine caused a similar increase in cAMP in rat platelets without inhibiting their aggregation.	Adenosine	26-35	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	72-76
178342-4	1976	Under conditions in which adenosine inhibited aggregation and increased cAMP in human platelets, adenosine caused a similar increase in cAMP in rat platelets without inhibiting their aggregation.	Adenosine	97-106	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	136-140
178342-6	1976	When the increase of cAMP in rat platelets by PGE1 was limited to that produced by adenosine, PGE1 like adenosine failed to inhibit aggregation.	Adenosine	83-92	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	21-25
178342-8	1976	When cAMP had been increased by adenosine, PGE1 or RA233, the addition of ADP caused cAMP to decrease rapidly in both human and rat platelets to between +22 and -18% of control values, except that the decrease in rat platelets was to +40% after RA233 had been present for 0.5 min before ADP.	Adenosine	32-41	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	5-9
178342-9	1976	The increase in cAMP produced in rat platelets by adenosine at 5 X 10(-6) to 2.8 X 10(-4) M for 3 min was associated with a small increase in aggregation velocity.	Adenosine	50-59	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	16-20
827595-2	1976	In pH 7.3 phosphate buffer at 37 degrees, this enzyme preparation deaminated adenosine and arabinosyladenine with apparent values for the Michaelis constant of 32 muM and 370 muM respectively.	Adenosine	77-86	latexin	Homo sapiens	163-166
827595-2	1976	In pH 7.3 phosphate buffer at 37 degrees, this enzyme preparation deaminated adenosine and arabinosyladenine with apparent values for the Michaelis constant of 32 muM and 370 muM respectively.	Adenosine	77-86	latexin	Homo sapiens	175-178
1070512-2	1976	In pH 7.3 phosphate buffer at 37 degrees, this enzyme preparation deaminated adenosine and arabinosyladenine (ara-A) with apparent values for the Michaelis constant of 40 muM and 90 muM respectively.	Adenosine	77-86	latexin	Homo sapiens	182-185
173287-1	1975	Hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine by phospholipase A2 of synaptic membranes i n Tris-CHl buffer was stimulated by cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, cyclic CMP, cyclic UMP and adenosine (0.1 mm).	Adenosine	165-174	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	37-53
1227504-23	1975	The increase of the adenine nucleotide content of the hepatocytes on the addition of adenosine may be explained on the assumption that adenosine kinase is not regulated by feedback but by substrate supply.	Adenosine	85-94	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	135-151
239871-3	1975	2) The optimal condition of the binding reaction was for 100 minutes of reaction time at pH 4.0 and 4 degrees C. 3) The specificities of binding protein to the other nucleotides were 0 to adenosine, 0.4 to AMP, 0.3 to ADP, 0.4 to ATP and 0.6 to c-GMP respectively when the specificity to c-AMP was chosen as 100.	Adenosine	188-197	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	288-293
4368715-0	1974	Facilitation by adenosine of the action of insulin on the accumulation of adenosine 3":5"-monophosphate, lipolysis, and glucose oxidation in isolated fat cells.	Adenosine	16-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
5149856-0	1971	Protection of catalase from radiation-inactivation by adenosine and its derivatives in dilute solution.	Adenosine	54-63	catalase	Homo sapiens	14-22
33565091-6	2021	In addition, beta1 -AAmAbs decreased the adenosine triphosphate level and increased cardiac energy consumption (Rate-Pressure-Product).	Adenosine	41-50	BCL2 related protein A1	Homo sapiens	13-18
13886991-0	1962	Insulin-like actions of ribonucleic acid, adenylic acid, and adenosine.	Adenosine	61-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
13514008-4	1958	The inhibition is prevented by the preincubation of the irradiated saline with catalase and is reversed by the addition of plasma, glucose, adenosine, and inosine to the cell suspension.	Adenosine	140-149	catalase	Homo sapiens	79-87
32473788-8	2021	alpha2 receptors are coupled to inhibitory Gi proteins, that inactivate adenylyl cyclase, decreasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) production.	Adenosine	108-117	G protein-coupled receptor 162	Homo sapiens	0-6
33420642-1	2021	Purpose To assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) effect of proton pump inhibitors on the novel poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor fluzoparib, and observe the safety of its co-administration with omeprazole.	Adenosine	94-103	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	136-140
16811008-2	1963	Thrombin-induced aggregation is also inhibited by adenosine and the monophosphate, but the triphosphate at a similar concentration is not inhibitory.	Adenosine	50-59	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	0-8
34036389-6	2021	The underlying mechanism of the Ca2+/calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II/cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element binding protein (Ca2+/CaMKII/CREB) signaling pathway was evaluated.	Adenosine	91-100	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	161-165
34050151-4	2021	Mechanistically, human A2AR-edited CAR T cells are significantly resistant to adenosine-mediated transcriptional changes, resulting in enhanced production of cytokines including IFNgamma and TNF, and increased expression of JAK-STAT signaling pathway associated genes.	Adenosine	78-87	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	178-186
33452452-6	2021	We describe the links between detection of different types of DNA damage repair defects and clinical outcomes with targeted therapies such as poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors or immune checkpoint inhibitors.	Adenosine	147-156	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	189-193
34053129-6	2021	In addition, following policosanol treatment, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation increased in a time-dependent manner.	Adenosine	46-55	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	96-100
34057470-0	2021	The structure of the mouse ADAT2/ADAT3 complex reveals the molecular basis for mammalian tRNA wobble adenosine-to-inosine deamination.	Adenosine	101-110	adenosine deaminase, tRNA-specific 3	Mus musculus	33-38
34057470-2	2021	The eukaryotic wobble adenosine-to-inosine modification is catalysed by the ADAT (ADAT2/ADAT3) complex that modifies up to eight tRNAs, requiring a full tRNA for activity.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine deaminase, tRNA-specific 3	Mus musculus	88-93
34050151-4	2021	Mechanistically, human A2AR-edited CAR T cells are significantly resistant to adenosine-mediated transcriptional changes, resulting in enhanced production of cytokines including IFNgamma and TNF, and increased expression of JAK-STAT signaling pathway associated genes.	Adenosine	78-87	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	191-194
34033815-2	2021	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is hydrolysed to adenosine by different enzymes including ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1/ENTPD1 (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), regulating many physiological and pathological processes in various diseases, but these changes and functions in alcoholic liver disease are generally unknown.	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-136
34033815-2	2021	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is hydrolysed to adenosine by different enzymes including ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1/ENTPD1 (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), regulating many physiological and pathological processes in various diseases, but these changes and functions in alcoholic liver disease are generally unknown.	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	137-143
34033815-2	2021	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is hydrolysed to adenosine by different enzymes including ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1/ENTPD1 (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), regulating many physiological and pathological processes in various diseases, but these changes and functions in alcoholic liver disease are generally unknown.	Adenosine	46-55	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-136
34033815-2	2021	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is hydrolysed to adenosine by different enzymes including ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1/ENTPD1 (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), regulating many physiological and pathological processes in various diseases, but these changes and functions in alcoholic liver disease are generally unknown.	Adenosine	46-55	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	137-143
34002012-2	2021	Since pulmonary fibrosis was reported to be associated with adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, which is negatively regulated by cereblon (CRBN), we aimed to determine whether CRBN is involved in the development of pulmonary fibrosis.	Adenosine	60-69	cereblon	Mus musculus	171-175
34021367-0	2021	Poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors as maintenance therapy in women with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.	Adenosine	6-15	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	54-58
34011375-5	2021	With near infrared (NIR)-irradiation, PTX@GO-PEG-OSA could generate excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), attack mitochondrial respiratory chain complex enzyme, reduce adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) supplement for P-gp, and effectively inhibit P-gp"s efflux pump function.	Adenosine	171-180	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	215-219
34011375-5	2021	With near infrared (NIR)-irradiation, PTX@GO-PEG-OSA could generate excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), attack mitochondrial respiratory chain complex enzyme, reduce adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) supplement for P-gp, and effectively inhibit P-gp"s efflux pump function.	Adenosine	171-180	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	245-249
34033870-7	2021	Contrastingly, inhibition of adenosine phosphorylation (using the adenosine kinase (ADK) inhibitor 5-iodotubercidin (25microM)), produced a strong and similar decrease on cell proliferation in both HA and glioblastoma cells.	Adenosine	29-38	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	66-82
34033870-7	2021	Contrastingly, inhibition of adenosine phosphorylation (using the adenosine kinase (ADK) inhibitor 5-iodotubercidin (25microM)), produced a strong and similar decrease on cell proliferation in both HA and glioblastoma cells.	Adenosine	29-38	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	84-87
34033870-11	2021	Results show a strong attenuation of adenosine anti-proliferative effect in GBM cells compared to HA, probably resulting from increased adenosine elimination by ADK, suggesting a proliferative-prone adaptation of tumour cells to increased adenosine levels.	Adenosine	37-46	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	161-164
34002012-2	2021	Since pulmonary fibrosis was reported to be associated with adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, which is negatively regulated by cereblon (CRBN), we aimed to determine whether CRBN is involved in the development of pulmonary fibrosis.	Adenosine	60-69	cereblon	Mus musculus	208-212
33992835-8	2021	Furthermore, we found that DRD1 signaling downregulated the NLRP3 inflammasome in H9C2 cells through cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).	Adenosine	108-117	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Rattus norvegicus	60-65
34025781-6	2021	However, these tumor cells can utilize the poly adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) as a salvage DNA repair pathway to prolong survival.	Adenosine	48-57	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	95-99
34054547-5	2021	Inactivation of extracellular adenosine occurs by transport into neurons or neighboring cells, followed by either phosphorylation to AMP by adenosine kinase or deamination to inosine by adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	140-156
33976330-2	2021	A recent in vitro study demonstrated that an allosteric modulator of the calcium sensing receptor decreases adenosine-3",5"-cyclic monophosphate, an important factor for kidney enlargement in ADPKD.	Adenosine	108-117	calcium sensing receptor	Homo sapiens	73-97
33983932-1	2021	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1), an enzyme responsible for adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, is composed of two isoforms: nuclear p110 and cytoplasmic p150.	Adenosine	71-80	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha	Mus musculus	142-146
33927108-4	2021	Identification of hallmarks associated with "BRCAness" and homologous recombination repair defects in leiomyosarcomas and osteosarcomas may predict sensitivity to poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors.	Adenosine	168-177	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	210-214
33962616-10	2021	Functionally, blocking circ-CNST and restoring miR-578 enhanced apoptosis rate and suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion in 143B and U2OS cells, accompanied with decreased glucose consumption, lactate production, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ratio.	Adenosine	281-290	microRNA 578	Homo sapiens	47-54
33161022-2	2021	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is an evolutionary ancient ribokinase derived from bacterial sugar kinases that is widely expressed in all forms of life, tissues and organ systems that tightly regulates intracellular and extracellular ADO concentrations.	Adenosine	226-229	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
33962616-10	2021	Functionally, blocking circ-CNST and restoring miR-578 enhanced apoptosis rate and suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion in 143B and U2OS cells, accompanied with decreased glucose consumption, lactate production, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ratio.	Adenosine	252-261	microRNA 578	Homo sapiens	47-54
33986609-4	2021	Research results indicate that the activity of poly (adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose) polymerase (PARP) may play an important role in the inflammatory response and the cellular metabolic disorders found in sepsis.	Adenosine	53-62	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	101-105
33949310-3	2021	The N6-adenosine methyltransferase METTL16 promotes splicing of the MAT2A detained intron by an unknown mechanism.	Adenosine	7-16	methyltransferase 16, N6-methyladenosine	Homo sapiens	35-42
33949310-3	2021	The N6-adenosine methyltransferase METTL16 promotes splicing of the MAT2A detained intron by an unknown mechanism.	Adenosine	7-16	methionine adenosyltransferase 2A	Homo sapiens	68-73
33961946-1	2021	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is the key regulator of adenosine and catalyzes the metabolism of adenosine to 5"-adenosine monophosphate.	Adenosine	47-56	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
33961946-1	2021	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is the key regulator of adenosine and catalyzes the metabolism of adenosine to 5"-adenosine monophosphate.	Adenosine	47-56	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-21
33961946-1	2021	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is the key regulator of adenosine and catalyzes the metabolism of adenosine to 5"-adenosine monophosphate.	Adenosine	89-98	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
33961946-1	2021	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is the key regulator of adenosine and catalyzes the metabolism of adenosine to 5"-adenosine monophosphate.	Adenosine	89-98	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-21
33961946-1	2021	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is the key regulator of adenosine and catalyzes the metabolism of adenosine to 5"-adenosine monophosphate.	Adenosine	89-98	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
33961946-1	2021	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is the key regulator of adenosine and catalyzes the metabolism of adenosine to 5"-adenosine monophosphate.	Adenosine	89-98	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-21
33961946-5	2021	Recent evidence reveals an adenosine receptor-independent role of ADK in determining the global methylation status of DNA and thereby contributing to epigenomic regulation.	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	66-69
33961946-6	2021	Here we summarize recent progress in understanding the biochemical interactions between adenosine metabolism by ADK-L and epigenetic modifications linked to transmethylation reactions.	Adenosine	88-97	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	112-115
33961941-9	2021	These changes were crucial for the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin-driven pathways that modulated hepatocyte survival by coordinating apoptosis and autophagy.	Adenosine	35-44	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	84-113
33482152-4	2021	Adenosine derivatives directly affect the bone cells by their action on the membranal receptors or have co-stimulatory actions with bone active hormones such as parathyroid hormone or the gut hormones.	Adenosine	0-9	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	161-180
33942517-6	2021	GDty and GDMow are associated with altered L-arginine/nitric oxide and insulin/adenosine axis signalling in the human fetoplacental microvascular and macrovascular endothelium.	Adenosine	79-88	insulin	Homo sapiens	71-78
33161022-2	2021	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is an evolutionary ancient ribokinase derived from bacterial sugar kinases that is widely expressed in all forms of life, tissues and organ systems that tightly regulates intracellular and extracellular ADO concentrations.	Adenosine	226-229	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-21
33161022-3	2021	The facile ability of ADK to alter ADO availability provides a "site and event" specificity to the endogenous protective effects of ADO in situations of cellular stress.	Adenosine	35-38	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	22-25
33161022-3	2021	The facile ability of ADK to alter ADO availability provides a "site and event" specificity to the endogenous protective effects of ADO in situations of cellular stress.	Adenosine	132-135	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	22-25
33161022-4	2021	In addition to modulating the ability of ADO to activate its cognate receptors (P1 receptors), nuclear ADK isoform activity has been linked to epigenetic mechanisms based on transmethylation pathways.	Adenosine	41-44	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	103-106
33161022-8	2021	New insights regarding the potential role of the nuclear ADK isoform (ADK-Long) in the epigenetic modulation of maladaptive DNA methylation offers the possibility of identifying novel ADK-isoform selective inhibitors and new interventional strategies that are independent of ADO receptor activation.	Adenosine	275-278	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	57-60
33161022-8	2021	New insights regarding the potential role of the nuclear ADK isoform (ADK-Long) in the epigenetic modulation of maladaptive DNA methylation offers the possibility of identifying novel ADK-isoform selective inhibitors and new interventional strategies that are independent of ADO receptor activation.	Adenosine	275-278	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	70-73
33161022-8	2021	New insights regarding the potential role of the nuclear ADK isoform (ADK-Long) in the epigenetic modulation of maladaptive DNA methylation offers the possibility of identifying novel ADK-isoform selective inhibitors and new interventional strategies that are independent of ADO receptor activation.	Adenosine	275-278	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	70-73
33372007-5	2021	Conversely, overexpression of wildtype ENPP1, but not an enzymatically weakened mutant, promotes migration and metastasis, in part, through the generation of extracellular adenosine, and renders otherwise sensitive tumors completely resistant to immunotherapy.	Adenosine	172-181	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	39-44
32299906-4	2021	By using the TCL1 adoptive transfer CLL mouse model, we show that adenosine production and signaling are upregulated in the hypoxic lymphoid niches, where intense colonization of leukemic cells occurs.	Adenosine	66-75	T cell lymphoma breakpoint 1	Mus musculus	13-17
32632892-8	2021	The results showed that (1) adenosine could improve the function of Na+-K+-ATPase, upregulate the expression of glt-1, and enhance the synthesis of glutamine in astrocytes.	Adenosine	28-37	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Homo sapiens	112-117
33913581-3	2021	We have previously reported that the expression of the angiogenic cytokines vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and IL-6 is strongly upregulated in EpiSC by adenosine acting via the A2B receptor (A2B R).	Adenosine	166-175	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	125-129
33094480-9	2021	Small interfering RNA of SEPP1 inhibited TG accumulation by activating adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase/acetyl-CoA carboxylase (AMPK/ACC), and overexpression of SEPP1 aggravated lipid accumulation and inhibited AMPK/ACC phosphorylation.	Adenosine	71-80	selenoprotein P	Homo sapiens	25-30
33906557-5	2022	Here, we review the physiological role of autophagy in the context of intestinal epithelial maintenance and how genetic mutations affecting autophagy contribute to the development of intestinal disease.Abbreviations: AKT1S1: AKT1 substrate 1; AMBRA1: autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; APC: APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway; ATF6: activating transcription factor 6; ATG: autophagy related; atg16l1[DeltaIEC] mice: mice with a specific deletion of Atg16l1 in intestinal epithelial cells; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; BECN1: beclin 1; bsk/Jnk: basket; CADPR: cyclic ADP ribose; CALCOCO2: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; CASP3: caspase 3; CD: Crohn disease; CDH1/E-cadherin: cadherin 1; CF: cystic fibrosis; CFTR: CF transmembrane conductance regulator; CGAS: cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; CLDN2: claudin 2; CoPEC: colibactin-producing E. coli; CRC: colorectal cancer; CYP1A1: cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1; DC: dendritic cell; DDIT3: DNA damage inducible transcript 3; DEPTOR: DEP domain containing MTOR interacting protein; DSS: dextran sulfate sodium; EGF: epidermal growth factor; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; EIF2A: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A; EIF2AK3: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3; EIF2AK4/GCN2: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERN1: endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; HMGB1: high mobility group box 1; HSPA5/GRP78: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; IEC: intestinal epithelial cell; IFN: interferon; IFNG/IFNgamma:interferon gamma; IL: interleukin; IRGM: immunity related GTPase M; ISC: intestinal stem cell; LGR5: leucine rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5; LRRK2: leucine rich repeat kinase 2; MAP1LC3A/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha; MAPK/JNK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MAPK14/p38 MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase 14; MAPKAP1: MAPK associated protein 1; MAVS: mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein; miRNA: microRNA; MLKL: mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase; MLST8: MTOR associated protein, LST8 homolog; MNV: murine norovirus; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NBR1: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; NLRP: NLR family pyrin domain containing; NOD: nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing; NRBF2: nuclear receptor binding factor 2; OPTN: optineurin; OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation; P: phosphorylation; Patj: PATJ crumbs cell polarity complex component; PE: phosphatidyl-ethanolamine; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PIK3R4: phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 4; PPARG: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; PRR5: proline rich 5; PRR5L: proline rich 5 like; PtdIns3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; RER: rough endoplasmic reticulum; RHEB: Ras homolog, MTORC1 binding; RICTOR: RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2; RIPK1: receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RPTOR: regulatory associated protein of MTOR complex 1; RPS6KB1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1; SH3GLB1: SH3 domain containing GRB2 like, endophilin B1; SNP: single-nucleotide polymorphism; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; STAT3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; STING1: stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1; TA: transit-amplifying; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TFE3: transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3; TGM2: transglutaminase 2; TJ: tight junction; TJP1/ZO1: tight junction protein 1; TNBS: 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; TNF/TNFalpha: tumor necrosis factor; Tor: target of rapamycin; TRAF: TNF receptor associated factor; TRIM11: tripartite motif containing 11; TRP53: transformation related protein 53; TSC: TSC complex subunit; Ub: ubiquitin; UC: ulcerative colitis; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; USO1/p115: USO1 vesicle transport factor; UVRAG: UV radiation resistance associated; WIPI: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting; WNT: WNT family member; XBP1: X-box binding protein 1; ZFYVE1/DFCP1: zinc finger FYVE-type containing 1.	Adenosine	535-544	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	217-221
33925516-5	2021	A2AR activation by ADO induced AKT phosphorylation and then beta-catenin, Snail, and vimentin expression, and these effects were abolished by A2AR-siRNA transfection.	Adenosine	19-22	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	31-34
33925516-5	2021	A2AR activation by ADO induced AKT phosphorylation and then beta-catenin, Snail, and vimentin expression, and these effects were abolished by A2AR-siRNA transfection.	Adenosine	19-22	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	74-79
33925516-8	2021	These results suggest that A2AR is significantly upregulated in BC tissues, especially TNBC tissues, and ADO-mediated A2AR activation is involved in RT-R-TNBC invasion and metastasis through the AKT-beta-catenin pathway.	Adenosine	105-108	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	195-198
33995638-15	2021	A MTFR2-protein interaction network revealed a potential direct protein interaction between MTFR2 and protein kinase adenosine-monophosphate-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 (PRKAA1), and their potential binding site was predicted in a molecular docking model.	Adenosine	117-126	mitochondrial fission regulator 2	Homo sapiens	2-7
33995638-15	2021	A MTFR2-protein interaction network revealed a potential direct protein interaction between MTFR2 and protein kinase adenosine-monophosphate-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 (PRKAA1), and their potential binding site was predicted in a molecular docking model.	Adenosine	117-126	mitochondrial fission regulator 2	Homo sapiens	92-97
33840662-13	2021	This result not only proved the CLSO had therapeutic effect on NAFLD, but also confirmed its mechanism associated with degrading the phosphorylation of adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) which led to the decrease of the expression SePP1/apoER2 in order to reduce lipid accumulation.	Adenosine	152-161	selenoprotein P	Homo sapiens	261-266
33511551-4	2021	NECA (adenosine-analog) and CCPA (adenosine A1 receptor-agonist)-induced dose-dependent vascular response was tested with t-AUCB (sEH-inhibitor) and angiotensin-II (Ang-II) in A2AAR-/- vs. C57Bl/6 mice.	Adenosine	6-15	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	149-163
33511551-4	2021	NECA (adenosine-analog) and CCPA (adenosine A1 receptor-agonist)-induced dose-dependent vascular response was tested with t-AUCB (sEH-inhibitor) and angiotensin-II (Ang-II) in A2AAR-/- vs. C57Bl/6 mice.	Adenosine	6-15	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	165-171
33925516-0	2021	Increased Extracellular Adenosine in Radiotherapy-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells Enhances Tumor Progression through A2AR-Akt-beta-Catenin Signaling.	Adenosine	24-33	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	120-123
33884961-1	2021	BACKGROUND[18F]FluorThanatrace ([18F]FTT) is a radiolabeled poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) that enables noninvasive quantification of PARP with potential to serve as a biomarker for patient selection for PARPi therapy.	Adenosine	66-75	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	118-122
33893288-1	2021	To adapt to fluctuating protein folding loads in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Hsp70 chaperone BiP is reversibly modified with adenosine monophosphate (AMP) by the ER-resident Fic-enzyme FICD/HYPE.	Adenosine	133-142	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	101-104
33893288-3	2021	Here, we use thiol-reactive derivatives of the cosubstrate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to covalently stabilize the transient FICD:BiP complex and determine its crystal structure.	Adenosine	59-68	FIC domain protein adenylyltransferase	Homo sapiens	126-130
33893288-3	2021	Here, we use thiol-reactive derivatives of the cosubstrate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to covalently stabilize the transient FICD:BiP complex and determine its crystal structure.	Adenosine	59-68	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	131-134
33792632-6	2021	Preliminary studies in humans have revealed that treatment with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), which upregulates platelet tetherin/BST-2 expression, also reduces adenosine diphosphate-stimulated platelet receptor function and reactivity.	Adenosine	161-170	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	82-91
33289920-1	2021	BACKGROUND: In preclinical Ewing sarcoma (ES) models, poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors were identified as a potential therapeutic strategy with synergy in combination with cytotoxic agents.	Adenosine	59-68	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	101-105
33920062-1	2021	A new series of 4"-selenoadenosine-5"-N,N-dimethyluronamide derivatives as highly potent and selective human A3 adenosine receptor (hA3AR) antagonists, is described.	Adenosine	25-34	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	132-137
33982754-8	2021	These results suggest that PCIF1 dynamically localizes to the Pol II early in transcription and may efficiently catalyze N6-methylation of the first adenosine residue of nascent mRNAs cotranscriptionally.	Adenosine	149-158	phosphorylated CTD interacting factor 1	Homo sapiens	27-32
33846709-1	2021	Cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element-binding protein-1 (CREB1)-regulated transcription coactivator-1 (CRTC1) is a cytoplasmic coactivator that translocates to the nucleus in response to cyclic adenosine monophosphate.	Adenosine	7-16	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	69-74
33846709-1	2021	Cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element-binding protein-1 (CREB1)-regulated transcription coactivator-1 (CRTC1) is a cytoplasmic coactivator that translocates to the nucleus in response to cyclic adenosine monophosphate.	Adenosine	206-215	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	69-74
33850274-2	2022	Though inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) has been turned out to be an effective strategy in suppressing inflammation through promoting the accumulation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), little is known about the functional modes of inhibiting PDE4 by apremilast on the process of SSc.	Adenosine	183-192	phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens	21-40
33850274-2	2022	Though inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) has been turned out to be an effective strategy in suppressing inflammation through promoting the accumulation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), little is known about the functional modes of inhibiting PDE4 by apremilast on the process of SSc.	Adenosine	183-192	phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens	42-46
33648642-1	2021	A turn-on fluorescent nanoprobe (named AAP-1), based on an aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen), is disclosed for the detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is an essential element in the biological system.	Adenosine	142-151	RING1 and YY1 binding protein	Homo sapiens	39-44
33837202-5	2021	Pharmacological and genetic approaches demonstrate that adenosine acts upon the circadian clockwork via adenosine A1/A2A receptor signalling through the activation of the Ca2+ -ERK-AP-1 and CREB/CRTC1-CRE pathways to regulate the clock genes Per1 and Per2.	Adenosine	56-65	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	190-194
33837202-5	2021	Pharmacological and genetic approaches demonstrate that adenosine acts upon the circadian clockwork via adenosine A1/A2A receptor signalling through the activation of the Ca2+ -ERK-AP-1 and CREB/CRTC1-CRE pathways to regulate the clock genes Per1 and Per2.	Adenosine	56-65	period circadian clock 2	Mus musculus	251-255
33889073-2	2021	Within the P2X receptor family, P2X7 receptor is generally known for its inactivity in normal conditions and activation by moderately high concentrations (>100 muM) of extracellular adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) released from injured cells as a result of brain injury or pathological conditions.	Adenosine	182-191	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	32-45
33781305-3	2021	Such alterations induce a dependency for single strand break reparation through the poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) system, providing the rationale to develop PARP inhibitors.	Adenosine	89-98	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	131-135
33515843-0	2021	Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA modulate the expression of the human pregnane X receptor.	Adenosine	0-9	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens	72-91
33515843-3	2021	Here, we investigated the potential regulation of human PXR expression by adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing.	Adenosine	74-83	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens	56-59
33537802-6	2021	The activation of Akt, 44/42-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the expression levels of A1 adenosine receptor (ARA1) and ARA3 were assessed by western blotting.	Adenosine	101-110	spliceosome associated factor 1, recruiter of U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP	Homo sapiens	121-125
33781438-0	2021	CD73 and Adenosine Receptor Signaling as a Potential Therapeutic Target in EGFR-Mutated NSCLC.	Adenosine	9-18	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	75-79
33636498-8	2021	Orexin induces visceral antinociception through dopamine, cannabinoid, adenosine or oxytocin.	Adenosine	71-80	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
33717263-2	2021	It selectively inhibits four isomers of PI3K, PI3Kalpha, PI3Kbeta, PI3Kgamma and PI3Kdelta, by competitively binding the lipid kinase domain on adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP), and serves an important role in inhibiting proliferation, promoting apoptosis and blocking angiogenesis, predominantly by antagonizing the PI3K/AKT pathway.	Adenosine	144-153	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	46-55
33717263-2	2021	It selectively inhibits four isomers of PI3K, PI3Kalpha, PI3Kbeta, PI3Kgamma and PI3Kdelta, by competitively binding the lipid kinase domain on adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP), and serves an important role in inhibiting proliferation, promoting apoptosis and blocking angiogenesis, predominantly by antagonizing the PI3K/AKT pathway.	Adenosine	144-153	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	321-324
33129993-8	2021	CXCL14 activated the phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) and CREB inhibitor attenuated the modulation of StAR expression by CXCL14.	Adenosine	47-56	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 14	Homo sapiens	0-6
33129993-8	2021	CXCL14 activated the phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) and CREB inhibitor attenuated the modulation of StAR expression by CXCL14.	Adenosine	47-56	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 14	Homo sapiens	178-184
33529712-6	2021	Genomic proximity is shared with physical proximity, with ABCC4 and CFTR physically coupled in cell membrane microenvironments of epithelial cells to orchestrate functional consequences of cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent second messenger signaling and extracellular transport of endogenous and exogenous substrates.	Adenosine	196-205	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	68-72
33781305-3	2021	Such alterations induce a dependency for single strand break reparation through the poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) system, providing the rationale to develop PARP inhibitors.	Adenosine	89-98	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	180-184
33781748-4	2021	We found that adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR1) was involved in the circadian regulation of P-gp expression in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTECs).	Adenosine	14-23	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	100-104
33727336-0	2021	Interleukin-7 protects CD8+ T cells from adenosine-mediated immunosuppression.	Adenosine	41-50	interleukin 7	Homo sapiens	0-13
33656855-8	2021	Adenosine (alpha-beta or beta-gamma)-imido triphosphates are slow substrates, and the respective imido triphosphates are inhibitors.	Adenosine	0-9	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	11-21
33727336-4	2021	Here, we found that IL-7 signaling promoted the accumulation of tumor-associated CD8+ T cells, in part, by preventing adenosine-mediated immunosuppression.	Adenosine	118-127	interleukin 7	Homo sapiens	20-24
33727336-5	2021	Inhibition of the transcription factor FoxO1 downstream of IL-7 receptor signaling was important for protecting CD8+ T cells from suppression by adenosine.	Adenosine	145-154	forkhead box O1	Homo sapiens	39-44
33727336-5	2021	Inhibition of the transcription factor FoxO1 downstream of IL-7 receptor signaling was important for protecting CD8+ T cells from suppression by adenosine.	Adenosine	145-154	interleukin 7	Homo sapiens	59-63
33649237-10	2021	m6A reader protein YTHDC2, containing the RNA helicase domain, recognizes m6A-methylated adenosine at nt 331 and, in concert with the cellular La antigen, supports HCV IRES-dependent translation.	Adenosine	89-98	YTH domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	19-25
33936858-7	2021	Redd1 reduced protein kinase A phosphorylation and suppressed cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) -responsive element-binding protein (CREB) binding to the cAMP regulatory element (CRE) in Ppargc1a-AP promoter, leading to Ppargc1a-AP inactivation.	Adenosine	69-78	DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4	Mus musculus	0-5
33936858-7	2021	Redd1 reduced protein kinase A phosphorylation and suppressed cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) -responsive element-binding protein (CREB) binding to the cAMP regulatory element (CRE) in Ppargc1a-AP promoter, leading to Ppargc1a-AP inactivation.	Adenosine	69-78	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	137-141
33776926-3	2021	In benign cortisol-producing adrenocortical tumors and hyperplasias abnormal cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A signaling has been found to play a central role in tumorigenesis, with pathogenic variants in GNAS, PRKAR1A, PRKACA, PRKACB, PDE11A, and PDE8B being implicated.	Adenosine	84-93	GNAS complex locus	Homo sapiens	219-223
33249558-1	2021	Phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) is an enzyme that plays an important role in the regulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated intracellular signaling in cardiac myocytes and platelets.	Adenosine	99-108	phosphodiesterase 3A	Homo sapiens	0-20
33653920-6	2021	The vein-specific effects of TNFalpha also required the activation of Pannexin 1 (Panx1) channels and the CD39-mediated hydrolysis of ATP to adenosine, which subsequently stimulated A2A adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	141-150	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	29-37
33653920-6	2021	The vein-specific effects of TNFalpha also required the activation of Pannexin 1 (Panx1) channels and the CD39-mediated hydrolysis of ATP to adenosine, which subsequently stimulated A2A adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	186-195	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	29-37
33689481-0	2021	A non-olfactory shark adenosine receptor activates CFTR with unique pharmacology and structural features.	Adenosine	22-31	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	51-55
33689481-1	2021	Adenosine receptors (ADORs) are G-protein coupled purinoceptors that have several functions including regulation of chloride secretion via CFTR in human airway and kidney.	Adenosine	0-9	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	139-143
33689481-10	2021	We conclude: (1) A0 is a novel and unique adenosine receptor ancestor by functional and structural criteria; (2) A0 likely activates CFTR in vivo and this receptor activates CFTR in oocytes indicating an evolutionary coupling between ADORs and chloride secretion; and (3) A0 appears to be a non-olfactory evolutionary ancestor of all four mammalian ADOR subtypes.	Adenosine	42-51	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	133-137
33689481-10	2021	We conclude: (1) A0 is a novel and unique adenosine receptor ancestor by functional and structural criteria; (2) A0 likely activates CFTR in vivo and this receptor activates CFTR in oocytes indicating an evolutionary coupling between ADORs and chloride secretion; and (3) A0 appears to be a non-olfactory evolutionary ancestor of all four mammalian ADOR subtypes.	Adenosine	42-51	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	174-178
33754024-12	2021	Pharmacological inhibition and knockdown of GPR43 expression in podocytes increased insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation through the restoration of adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKalpha) activity.	Adenosine	147-156	insulin	Homo sapiens	84-91
33249558-1	2021	Phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) is an enzyme that plays an important role in the regulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated intracellular signaling in cardiac myocytes and platelets.	Adenosine	99-108	phosphodiesterase 3A	Homo sapiens	22-27
33508418-3	2021	Meanwhile, the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPARalpha) blocker, GW6471, with the Adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, AICAR, were applied in vitro study to clarify the role of PPARalpha/SREBP-1c/FAS/GPAT/AMPK signal pathway in the process.	Adenosine	96-105	glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	253-257
34046629-1	2021	Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4), which controls the intracellular level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), has aroused scientific attention as a suitable target for anti-inflammatory therapy of respiratory diseases.	Adenosine	100-109	phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens	44-48
33523568-2	2021	In cardiomyocytes, 90% of adenosine is catalysed by adenosine kinase (ADK) and ADK inhibition leads to higher concentrations of both intracellular adenosine and extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	52-68
33523568-2	2021	In cardiomyocytes, 90% of adenosine is catalysed by adenosine kinase (ADK) and ADK inhibition leads to higher concentrations of both intracellular adenosine and extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
33523568-2	2021	In cardiomyocytes, 90% of adenosine is catalysed by adenosine kinase (ADK) and ADK inhibition leads to higher concentrations of both intracellular adenosine and extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
33523568-2	2021	In cardiomyocytes, 90% of adenosine is catalysed by adenosine kinase (ADK) and ADK inhibition leads to higher concentrations of both intracellular adenosine and extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
33523568-2	2021	In cardiomyocytes, 90% of adenosine is catalysed by adenosine kinase (ADK) and ADK inhibition leads to higher concentrations of both intracellular adenosine and extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
33523568-11	2021	X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), which is phosphorylated and stabilized via the adenosine receptors A2B and A1/Akt pathways, should play a central role in the effects of ADK inhibition on cell apoptosis and necroptosis.	Adenosine	95-104	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	126-129
33523568-11	2021	X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), which is phosphorylated and stabilized via the adenosine receptors A2B and A1/Akt pathways, should play a central role in the effects of ADK inhibition on cell apoptosis and necroptosis.	Adenosine	95-104	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	185-188
33462776-6	2021	In this perspective, given the role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in neural intercommunication, the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) acts on microglia cells and its inhibition may be able to reduce the inflammatory condition of neurodegenerative diseases.	Adenosine	39-48	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	102-115
32935303-8	2021	Finally, we observed that adenosine conversion to inosine was significantly higher on the surface of ApoE-/-LDL-R-/- aortas compared with WT mice (p = 0.001).	Adenosine	26-35	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	101-105
33679392-4	2020	In ST14A/Q120 rat striatal cells, we found a reduction of P2X7R expression; however, the P2X7R agonist 2"(3")-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine-5"-triphosphate (BzATP) induced cellular death, and this effect was fully reversed by the antagonist periodate-oxidized adenosine 5"-triphosphate (OxATP).	Adenosine	130-139	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	89-94
33630211-4	2021	Arg suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in ECs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP).	Adenosine	97-106	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	15-20
33630907-4	2021	Two adenosine receptors known to be modulated in response to PEMF, Adora2A and Adora3, were functionally impaired by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene disruption, and the consequences of which were studied in the context of PEMF-mediated osteoblastic differentiation.	Adenosine	4-13	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	79-85
33679392-4	2020	In ST14A/Q120 rat striatal cells, we found a reduction of P2X7R expression; however, the P2X7R agonist 2"(3")-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine-5"-triphosphate (BzATP) induced cellular death, and this effect was fully reversed by the antagonist periodate-oxidized adenosine 5"-triphosphate (OxATP).	Adenosine	260-269	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	89-94
33472058-3	2021	In this study, we explored the physiological role of these extracellular modified nucleosides and found that N6-methyladenosine (m6A), widely recognized as an epigenetic mark in RNA, acts as a ligand for the human adenosine A3 receptor, for which it has greater affinity than unmodified adenosine.	Adenosine	118-127	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	214-235
33596122-3	2021	Peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), in particular PPARdelta and PPARgamma, are involved in the regulation of lipids and carbohydrates and, along adenosine-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), are implicated in translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4).	Adenosine	162-171	peroxisome proliferator activator receptor delta	Mus musculus	67-76
33596122-3	2021	Peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), in particular PPARdelta and PPARgamma, are involved in the regulation of lipids and carbohydrates and, along adenosine-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), are implicated in translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4).	Adenosine	162-171	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	246-253
33596122-3	2021	Peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), in particular PPARdelta and PPARgamma, are involved in the regulation of lipids and carbohydrates and, along adenosine-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), are implicated in translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4).	Adenosine	162-171	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	291-312
33596122-3	2021	Peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), in particular PPARdelta and PPARgamma, are involved in the regulation of lipids and carbohydrates and, along adenosine-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), are implicated in translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4).	Adenosine	162-171	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	314-319
33579802-6	2021	This overview discusses the state-of-the-art on molecular imaging of DNA damage and repair from the past 5 years, with an emphasis on poly [adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribose] polymerase-1 (PARP-1) as an imaging target and predictive biomarker of response to therapy.	Adenosine	140-149	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	190-196
33730787-2	2021	The GNAS gene encodes the stimulatory G-protein alpha-subunit that regulates production of the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate.	Adenosine	119-128	GNAS complex locus	Homo sapiens	4-8
33644066-8	2021	The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) belongs to the purinergic receptor family and is a non-selective cation channel gated by adenosine triphosphate.	Adenosine	115-124	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	4-17
33644066-8	2021	The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) belongs to the purinergic receptor family and is a non-selective cation channel gated by adenosine triphosphate.	Adenosine	115-124	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	19-24
33253911-9	2021	In addition, the BDNF/KLF2 pathway preserved the mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, electron transport chain processing, oxygen consumption rate, and adenosine triphosphate production.	Adenosine	199-208	Kruppel like factor 2	Homo sapiens	22-26
33522203-0	2021	Effect of Shenzhu Tiaopi granule on hepatic insulin resistance in diabetic Goto-Kakizakirats via liver kinase B1/adenosine 5"-monophosphate/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway.	Adenosine	113-122	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
33522434-7	2021	Drug design of p38alpha MAPK inhibitors is mainly focused on small molecules that compete for Adenosine triphosphate in the catalytic site.	Adenosine	94-103	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	15-23
33394237-0	2021	Update and Potential Opportunities in CBP [Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) Response Element-Binding Protein (CREB)-Binding Protein] Research Using Computational Techniques.	Adenosine	50-59	CREB binding protein	Homo sapiens	38-41
33394237-1	2021	CBP [cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB)-binding protein] is one of the most researched proteins for its therapeutic function.	Adenosine	12-21	CREB binding protein	Homo sapiens	0-3
33394237-1	2021	CBP [cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB)-binding protein] is one of the most researched proteins for its therapeutic function.	Adenosine	12-21	CREB binding protein	Homo sapiens	77-98
33628101-7	2021	ICG001, a canonical Wnt signaling inhibitor that selectively inhibits beta-catenin/ cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CBP) interaction, significantly inhibited cancer cell invasion and Wnt signaling.	Adenosine	91-100	CREB binding protein	Homo sapiens	149-152
33218684-3	2021	It is known that phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) plays a central role in regulating inflammatory responses through hydrolyzing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), making PDE4 to be an important target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases (e.g. psoriasis).	Adenosine	143-152	phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens	17-36
33218684-3	2021	It is known that phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) plays a central role in regulating inflammatory responses through hydrolyzing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), making PDE4 to be an important target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases (e.g. psoriasis).	Adenosine	143-152	phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens	38-42
33218684-3	2021	It is known that phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) plays a central role in regulating inflammatory responses through hydrolyzing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), making PDE4 to be an important target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases (e.g. psoriasis).	Adenosine	143-152	phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens	182-186
33497421-5	2021	Focusing on EBNA1 revealed enhancer-binding activity at gene targets involved in nucleotide metabolism, supported by metabolomic analysis which indicated that adenosine and purine metabolism are significantly altered by EBV immortalization.	Adenosine	159-168	EBNA-1	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	12-17
33584673-0	2020	Extracellular Adenosine Triphosphate (eATP) and Its Metabolite, Extracellular Adenosine (eAdo), as Opposing "Yin-Yang" Regulators of Nlrp3 Inflammasome in the Trafficking of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells.	Adenosine	14-23	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	133-138
33584673-0	2020	Extracellular Adenosine Triphosphate (eATP) and Its Metabolite, Extracellular Adenosine (eAdo), as Opposing "Yin-Yang" Regulators of Nlrp3 Inflammasome in the Trafficking of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells.	Adenosine	78-87	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	133-138
33584673-6	2020	Importantly, the Nlrp3 inflammasome responds to mediators of purinergic signaling, and while extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) activates this protein complex, its metabolite extracellular adenosine (eAdo) has the opposite effect.	Adenosine	107-116	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	17-22
33584673-6	2020	Importantly, the Nlrp3 inflammasome responds to mediators of purinergic signaling, and while extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) activates this protein complex, its metabolite extracellular adenosine (eAdo) has the opposite effect.	Adenosine	198-207	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	17-22
33243852-6	2021	Biochemical studies revealed that NLRP1 binds dsRNA through its leucine-rich repeat domain, resulting in its NACHT domain gaining adenosine triphosphatase activity.	Adenosine	130-139	NLR family pyrin domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
33584346-2	2021	The ADO A2A receptor (ADORA2A) and A2B receptor (ADORA2B) are best described to have both tissue-protective and tissue-destructive processes.	Adenosine	4-7	adenosine A2b receptor	Homo sapiens	49-56
33482196-6	2021	To dissect the direct effect of PARP1 on mtDNA from the secondary perturbation of metabolism, we report here biochemical studies that recapitulated Pol gamma PARylation observed in cells and showed that PARP1 regulates Pol gamma activity during DNA repair in a metabolic cofactor NAD+ (nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide)-dependent manner.	Adenosine	299-308	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	203-208
33504771-1	2021	Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its receptor, P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), are playing an important role in the pathological process of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, but their underlying mechanism remains unclear.	Adenosine	14-23	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	61-74
32065618-2	2021	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is a major enzyme regulating intracellular adenosine levels, but is function in VSMC remains unclear.	Adenosine	66-75	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
32065618-2	2021	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is a major enzyme regulating intracellular adenosine levels, but is function in VSMC remains unclear.	Adenosine	66-75	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-21
32065618-6	2021	Mechanistically, using infinium methylation assays and bisulfite sequencing, we showed that ADK metabolized the intracellular adenosine and potentiated the transmethylation pathway, then induced the aberrant DNA hypermethylation.	Adenosine	126-135	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	92-95
32065618-13	2021	Here, we demonstrate that increased catabolism of adenosine by adenosine kinase (ADK) promotes abnormal VSMC proliferation.	Adenosine	50-59	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	63-79
32065618-13	2021	Here, we demonstrate that increased catabolism of adenosine by adenosine kinase (ADK) promotes abnormal VSMC proliferation.	Adenosine	50-59	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	81-84
32065618-15	2021	Our study suggests that pharmacological augmentation of endogenous adenosine by targeting ADK represents a promising therapeutic strategy for occlusive vascular diseases.	Adenosine	67-76	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	90-93
33494154-1	2021	Aldose reductase (AR) is a member of the reduced nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent aldo-keto reductase superfamily.	Adenosine	62-71	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B	Homo sapiens	0-16
33494154-1	2021	Aldose reductase (AR) is a member of the reduced nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent aldo-keto reductase superfamily.	Adenosine	62-71	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B	Homo sapiens	18-20
33152337-7	2021	However, we unexpectedly found that YM-254890 also significantly suppressed cAMP elevation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation induced by multiple Gs-coupled receptors including beta2-adrenegic, adenosine A2 and PGI2 receptors.	Adenosine	186-195	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	95-101
33537239-5	2020	Mechanistically, we found that HPDL is a mitochondrial intermembrane space localized protein that positively regulates mitochondrial bioenergetic processes and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation in a glutamine dependent manner.	Adenosine	160-169	4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase like	Homo sapiens	31-35
33477467-6	2021	The results showed that under the action of adenosine-triphosphate (ATP), rTSST-1 significantly induced interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production in mouse macrophages and the production was dose-dependent.	Adenosine	44-53	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	104-121
33477467-6	2021	The results showed that under the action of adenosine-triphosphate (ATP), rTSST-1 significantly induced interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production in mouse macrophages and the production was dose-dependent.	Adenosine	44-53	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	137-164
33477467-6	2021	The results showed that under the action of adenosine-triphosphate (ATP), rTSST-1 significantly induced interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production in mouse macrophages and the production was dose-dependent.	Adenosine	44-53	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	166-175
33467713-7	2021	As both factors are associated with resistance to ICI therapy, we have discussed their possible involvement in HPD with the conclusion that IFN-gamma may contribute to HP onset through the activation of the inflammasome pathway, immunosuppressive enzyme IDO1 and activation-induced cell death (AICD) in effector T cells, while the role of CD38 in HP may be associated with the activation of adenosine receptors, hypoxia pathways and AICD-dependent T-cell depletion.	Adenosine	391-400	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	140-149
33396144-7	2021	The activities of the glutamine synthetase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase in the flag leaves at the filling stage and of granule-bound starch synthase, soluble starch synthase, and adenosine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase in the grains at maturity increased significantly with increases in either the BC or FMBC applications.	Adenosine	184-193	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	22-42
33440461-8	2021	The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor compound C attenuated PV-induced inhibition of mTOR.	Adenosine	4-13	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	117-121
33504771-1	2021	Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its receptor, P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), are playing an important role in the pathological process of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, but their underlying mechanism remains unclear.	Adenosine	14-23	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	76-81
33428944-2	2021	Here we study the enzymology of three human RNA methyltransferases that methylate the adenosine amino group in diverse contexts, when it is: the first transcribed nucleotide after the mRNA cap (PCIF1), at position 1832 of 18S rRNA (MettL5-Trm112 complex), and within a hairpin in the 3" UTR of the S-adenosyl-l-methionine synthetase (MettL16).	Adenosine	86-95	phosphorylated CTD interacting factor 1	Homo sapiens	194-199
33428944-2	2021	Here we study the enzymology of three human RNA methyltransferases that methylate the adenosine amino group in diverse contexts, when it is: the first transcribed nucleotide after the mRNA cap (PCIF1), at position 1832 of 18S rRNA (MettL5-Trm112 complex), and within a hairpin in the 3" UTR of the S-adenosyl-l-methionine synthetase (MettL16).	Adenosine	86-95	methyltransferase 16, N6-methyladenosine	Homo sapiens	334-341
33402173-15	2021	Moreover, isoliquiritin protected primary microglia against LPS and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) elicited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vitro, evidenced by declined protein levels of p-NF-kappaB, NLRP3; cleaved Caspase-1, IL-1beta, and GSDMD-N; upregulated miRNA-27a mRNA expression; and decreased the mRNA and protein levels of SYK.	Adenosine	68-77	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	106-111
33414479-7	2021	Additionally, reduction of LPS/adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-induced IL-1beta production and caspase-1 activation by IL-10 was reversed in BMDM from AIM-/- mice.	Adenosine	31-40	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	116-121
33457164-7	2021	The antiplatelet activity of serine protease was demonstrated by inhibition of agonists induced platelet aggregation; it was in the order of Epinephrine > Adenosine tri phosphate.	Adenosine	155-164	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	29-44
33166513-7	2021	Further, a significant inhibition of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in the infected rabbits was accompanied with the reduction in the pro-inflammatory, IL-6 level while the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-4 level was significantly elevated.	Adenosine	41-50	interleukin-6	Oryctolagus cuniculus	160-164
33180318-12	2021	Polymorphisms in adenosine receptor genes ADORA1 (rs10920568 and rs12744240), ADORA2A (rs34923252 and rs5996696), and ADORA3 (rs10776727 and rs2298191), especially in AHR (rs4410790) and adenosine deaminase (rs521704), play critical roles in the interindividual response to caffeine therapy.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	118-124
33545804-4	2021	Niraparib is a poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor that uses the concept of synthetic lethality in the presence of a mutation in the breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA).	Adenosine	21-30	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	63-67
33096224-0	2021	Insulin requires A2B adenosine receptors to modulate the L-arginine/nitric oxide signalling in the human fetoplacental vascular endothelium from late-onset preeclampsia.	Adenosine	21-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
33096224-2	2021	This study addresses the A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR)-mediated response to insulin in the fetoplacental vasculature from LOPE.	Adenosine	29-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
32847940-0	2021	Antibody to CD137 activated by extracellular adenosine triphosphate is tumor selective and broadly effective in vivo without systemic immune activation.	Adenosine	45-54	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 9	Mus musculus	12-17
33243119-5	2021	It is a half-transporter affiliated to theATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of transporters, encoded by the gene ABCG2 and functions in response to adenosine triphosphate (ATP).	Adenosine	153-162	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	118-123
33458624-2	2021	The ADAR-mediated adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, an evolutionarily conserved mechanism, facilitates adaptive evolution by expanding proteomic diversities.	Adenosine	18-27	adenosine deaminase acting on RNA	Apis mellifera	4-8
33463061-11	2021	Mechanistically, these optimized effects were associated with enhanced the adenosine (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, which upregulated phosphorylate-phospholamban (p-PLN) (Ser16) and promoted sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (Serca) and Ryanodine Receptor 2 (RyR2) expression in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and ultimately restored Ca2+ handling in response to sepsis.	Adenosine	75-84	phospholamban	Mus musculus	173-176
33463061-11	2021	Mechanistically, these optimized effects were associated with enhanced the adenosine (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, which upregulated phosphorylate-phospholamban (p-PLN) (Ser16) and promoted sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (Serca) and Ryanodine Receptor 2 (RyR2) expression in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and ultimately restored Ca2+ handling in response to sepsis.	Adenosine	75-84	ATPase, Ca++ transporting, ubiquitous	Mus musculus	199-238
33463061-11	2021	Mechanistically, these optimized effects were associated with enhanced the adenosine (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, which upregulated phosphorylate-phospholamban (p-PLN) (Ser16) and promoted sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (Serca) and Ryanodine Receptor 2 (RyR2) expression in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and ultimately restored Ca2+ handling in response to sepsis.	Adenosine	75-84	ATPase, Ca++ transporting, ubiquitous	Mus musculus	240-245
33463071-7	2021	Further analysis reveals that adenosine-A2B adenosine receptor-PI3K-AKT-Foxo1 cascade is a possible mechanism of CD73 regulation.	Adenosine	30-39	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	68-71
33463071-7	2021	Further analysis reveals that adenosine-A2B adenosine receptor-PI3K-AKT-Foxo1 cascade is a possible mechanism of CD73 regulation.	Adenosine	44-53	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	68-71
33107611-7	2021	Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced Akt phosphorylation was determined by western blot.	Adenosine	0-9	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	36-39
33576344-2	2021	One of the causes of treatment failure is the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which show resistance mechanisms against DNA damage, such as poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1).	Adenosine	151-160	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	195-201
33510857-10	2021	Subsequently, the model predicts the effects of six selected drug targets, such as, the deactivation of transketolase and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase among others, in the case of mammalian malignant cells in terms of growth, proliferation, fermentation, and energy supply in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).	Adenosine	289-298	transketolase	Homo sapiens	104-117
33325691-1	2020	Following our report that A3 adenosine receptor (AR) antagonist 1 exhibited a polypharmacological profile as a dual modulator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma/delta, we discovered a new template, 1"-homologated adenosine analogues 4a-4t, as dual PPARgamma/delta modulators without AR binding.	Adenosine	29-38	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	129-189
33355643-9	2021	Fasting-induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate impeded sLZIP degradation.	Adenosine	23-32	cAMP responsive element binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	55-60
33296813-6	2021	STUDY DESIGN: We used the dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced UC model in mice, TNF-alpha-damaged NCM460 colonic epithelial cells, macrophage cells THP-M stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) / adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) to confirm the key role of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) activation.	Adenosine	199-208	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	82-91
33406552-0	2020	[The value of adenosine triphosphate in CD4(+)T lymphocytes in predicting repeated respiratory tract infections in silicosis patients].	Adenosine	14-23	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	40-43
33376942-8	2020	In patients with confirmed PFD, median closure times were 107 seconds (ADP or adenosine diphosphate; IQR 89, 130) and 169 seconds (EPI; IQR 121, 211).	Adenosine	78-87	complement factor properdin	Homo sapiens	27-30
33406552-1	2020	Objective: To explore the value of the concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in CD4(+)T lymphocytes in predicting repeated respiratory tract infections (RRTI) in silicosis patients.	Adenosine	56-65	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	88-91
33409479-3	2021	Comparison of Kctd13 mutant (Kctd13 -/- ) and wild-type neuronal ubiquitylomes identified adenylosuccinate synthetase (ADSS), an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in adenosine monophosphate (AMP) synthesis, as a KCTD13 ligase substrate.	Adenosine	169-178	adenylosuccinate synthase 2	Homo sapiens	90-117
33352773-2	2020	As poly adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is overexpressed in various cancer types, and is localized to the nucleus, PARP-1 can be safely targeted with Auger emitters to induce DNA damage in tumors.	Adenosine	8-17	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	57-63
33352773-2	2020	As poly adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is overexpressed in various cancer types, and is localized to the nucleus, PARP-1 can be safely targeted with Auger emitters to induce DNA damage in tumors.	Adenosine	8-17	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	140-146
33261317-2	2020	PDE4 depletes cyclic 3"-5" adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and, in turn, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the key players in cognitive function.	Adenosine	27-36	phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens	0-4
33011242-4	2020	The adenosine receptors act by different mechanisms and targeting adenosine receptors for neuropathic pain includes several important pathways such as p38-mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signalling, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as well as the ion channel modulations.	Adenosine	4-13	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	197-235
33011242-4	2020	The adenosine receptors act by different mechanisms and targeting adenosine receptors for neuropathic pain includes several important pathways such as p38-mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signalling, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as well as the ion channel modulations.	Adenosine	4-13	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	237-240
33011242-4	2020	The adenosine receptors act by different mechanisms and targeting adenosine receptors for neuropathic pain includes several important pathways such as p38-mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signalling, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as well as the ion channel modulations.	Adenosine	66-75	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	197-235
33011242-4	2020	The adenosine receptors act by different mechanisms and targeting adenosine receptors for neuropathic pain includes several important pathways such as p38-mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signalling, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as well as the ion channel modulations.	Adenosine	66-75	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	237-240
33409479-3	2021	Comparison of Kctd13 mutant (Kctd13 -/- ) and wild-type neuronal ubiquitylomes identified adenylosuccinate synthetase (ADSS), an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in adenosine monophosphate (AMP) synthesis, as a KCTD13 ligase substrate.	Adenosine	169-178	adenylosuccinate synthase 2	Homo sapiens	119-123
33409479-4	2021	In Kctd13 -/- neurons, there were increased levels of succinyl-adenosine (S-Ado), a metabolite downstream of ADSS.	Adenosine	63-72	adenylosuccinate synthase 2	Homo sapiens	109-113
32453814-1	2020	BACKGROUND: We recently identified neuronal expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a bile acid receptor known to impair autophagy by inhibiting cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB), a protein whose under-functioning is linked to neuroplasticity and depression.	Adenosine	154-163	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Mus musculus	58-78
32453814-1	2020	BACKGROUND: We recently identified neuronal expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a bile acid receptor known to impair autophagy by inhibiting cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB), a protein whose under-functioning is linked to neuroplasticity and depression.	Adenosine	154-163	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Mus musculus	80-83
32453814-1	2020	BACKGROUND: We recently identified neuronal expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a bile acid receptor known to impair autophagy by inhibiting cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB), a protein whose under-functioning is linked to neuroplasticity and depression.	Adenosine	154-163	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	212-216
33302545-4	2020	Many different cellular stress factors regulate TXNIP expression, including high glucose, endoplasmic reticulum stress, free radicals, hypoxia, nitric oxide, insulin, and adenosine-containing molecules.	Adenosine	171-180	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	48-53
32476256-12	2020	Further experiments using selective inhibitors demonstrated that extracellular adenosine synthesis and its subsequent binding to enterocytic A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) take place downstream GLP-2.	Adenosine	79-88	mast cell protease 10	Rattus norvegicus	194-199
32476256-12	2020	Further experiments using selective inhibitors demonstrated that extracellular adenosine synthesis and its subsequent binding to enterocytic A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) take place downstream GLP-2.	Adenosine	145-154	mast cell protease 10	Rattus norvegicus	194-199
33030684-6	2020	Binding to the G protein-coupled receptor composited by calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) on cellular surface, CGRP triggers various intracellular signaling cascades involving cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB).	Adenosine	240-249	calcitonin receptor like receptor	Homo sapiens	56-89
33437769-3	2020	Previous studies have shown that doxorubicin-associated cardiotoxicity is closely related to adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	Adenosine	93-102	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	152-156
33035507-10	2020	In addition, suppression of SAHH by siRNA or treatment with adenosine dialdehyde, another SAHH inhibitor, showed inhibitory patterns against p-ERK and IkappaBalpha similar to those of 3-DA.	Adenosine	60-69	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	143-146
33035507-10	2020	In addition, suppression of SAHH by siRNA or treatment with adenosine dialdehyde, another SAHH inhibitor, showed inhibitory patterns against p-ERK and IkappaBalpha similar to those of 3-DA.	Adenosine	60-69	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	151-163
33030684-6	2020	Binding to the G protein-coupled receptor composited by calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) on cellular surface, CGRP triggers various intracellular signaling cascades involving cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB).	Adenosine	240-249	calcitonin receptor like receptor	Homo sapiens	91-95
33030684-6	2020	Binding to the G protein-coupled receptor composited by calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) on cellular surface, CGRP triggers various intracellular signaling cascades involving cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB).	Adenosine	240-249	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	168-172
33190479-8	2020	HBCD mainly affects the core disease module genes to mediate the adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase, p38MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and TNFalpha pathways to regulate the immune reaction and inflammation.	Adenosine	65-74	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	121-124
33190479-8	2020	HBCD mainly affects the core disease module genes to mediate the adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase, p38MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and TNFalpha pathways to regulate the immune reaction and inflammation.	Adenosine	65-74	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	130-138
33299899-4	2020	In particular, we focus on the interaction of the extracellular nucleotide adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with its receptors P2X1, P2X4, P2X7, P2Y1, and P2Y2 and of adenosine (Ado) with A2A and A3 receptors, as well as their roles in host immune responses.	Adenosine	75-84	a2a and a3 receptors	None	184-204
33405317-5	2020	RESULTS: Treatment with VIP reduced histopathological severity of colitis and cell death markers in murine model, leading to partial recovery of inhibited mitochondrial respiratory complexes, altered mitochondrial membrane potential and lowered adenosine triphosphate generation.	Adenosine	245-254	vasoactive intestinal polypeptide	Mus musculus	24-27
33174009-4	2020	Adenosine A1 receptor (A1R), a member of the adenosine system, has notable anticonvulsant effects, and adenosine levels are controlled by the type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1); in addition the p38 MAPK signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of ENT1, although the effect of its inhibitors on the expression levels of A1R and ENT1 is unclear.	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	187-191
32963077-12	2020	Additionally, the analgesic effect of AST IV was reversed by the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel blocker, glibenclamide (Glib).	Adenosine	65-74	sulfotransferase family 1A member 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-44
32448869-1	2020	Adenosine receptors ADORA2A and ADORA3 are part of the adenosine-mediated antiinflammatory pathway and are overexpressed in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	32-38
32448869-1	2020	Adenosine receptors ADORA2A and ADORA3 are part of the adenosine-mediated antiinflammatory pathway and are overexpressed in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA).	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	32-38
32725130-2	2020	Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) acts as a proinflammatory enzyme through the degradation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and it is overexpressed in skin fibroblasts.	Adenosine	94-103	phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens	0-19
32725130-2	2020	Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) acts as a proinflammatory enzyme through the degradation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and it is overexpressed in skin fibroblasts.	Adenosine	94-103	phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens	21-25
33324223-3	2020	Adenosine and the key adenosine regulators adenosine deaminase (ADA), adenosine kinase (ADK), and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 may play a role in COVID-19 pathogenesis.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	70-86
33131902-2	2020	Many triggers, including microbial pathogens (ie, bacteria and viruses) and other signals (ie, reactive oxygen species, adenosine triphosphate, urate, silicon, and asbestos), can stimulate the NLRP3 inflammasome.	Adenosine	120-129	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	193-198
32598478-2	2020	PDE10A hydrolyzes both cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate and modulates dopamine signaling downstream of receptor activation in both direct and indirect pathways of the striatum.	Adenosine	30-39	phosphodiesterase 10A	Homo sapiens	0-6
33324223-3	2020	Adenosine and the key adenosine regulators adenosine deaminase (ADA), adenosine kinase (ADK), and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 may play a role in COVID-19 pathogenesis.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	88-91
33324223-3	2020	Adenosine and the key adenosine regulators adenosine deaminase (ADA), adenosine kinase (ADK), and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 may play a role in COVID-19 pathogenesis.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	70-86
33324223-3	2020	Adenosine and the key adenosine regulators adenosine deaminase (ADA), adenosine kinase (ADK), and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 may play a role in COVID-19 pathogenesis.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	88-91
33324223-4	2020	Here, we highlight 1) the non-enzymatic role of ADA by which it might out-compete the virus (SARS-CoV-2) for binding to the CD26 receptor, 2) the enzymatic roles of ADK and ADA to increase adenosine levels and ameliorate Advanced Respiratory Distress Syndrome, and 3) inhibition of adenosine transporters to reduce platelet activation, thrombosis and improve COVID-19 outcomes.	Adenosine	189-198	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	165-168
33147407-5	2020	iGIST is based on HEK293 cells coexpressing a somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), which is an inhibitory GPCR controllable by a high-affinity agonist octreotide; and a luminescent 3"5"-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) probe.	Adenosine	189-198	somatostatin receptor 2	Homo sapiens	46-69
33324223-4	2020	Here, we highlight 1) the non-enzymatic role of ADA by which it might out-compete the virus (SARS-CoV-2) for binding to the CD26 receptor, 2) the enzymatic roles of ADK and ADA to increase adenosine levels and ameliorate Advanced Respiratory Distress Syndrome, and 3) inhibition of adenosine transporters to reduce platelet activation, thrombosis and improve COVID-19 outcomes.	Adenosine	282-291	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	165-168
33147407-5	2020	iGIST is based on HEK293 cells coexpressing a somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), which is an inhibitory GPCR controllable by a high-affinity agonist octreotide; and a luminescent 3"5"-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) probe.	Adenosine	189-198	somatostatin receptor 2	Homo sapiens	71-76
33324223-5	2020	Depending on the stage of exposure to and infection by SARS-CoV-2, enhancing adenosine levels by targeting key adenosine regulators such as ADA, ADK and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 might find therapeutic use against COVID-19 and warrants further investigation.	Adenosine	77-86	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	145-148
33324223-5	2020	Depending on the stage of exposure to and infection by SARS-CoV-2, enhancing adenosine levels by targeting key adenosine regulators such as ADA, ADK and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 might find therapeutic use against COVID-19 and warrants further investigation.	Adenosine	111-120	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	145-148
33205649-4	2020	Here, we report that CE enhances the sensitivity of CRC cells to chemotherapy via attenuating the expression of adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporters ABCC1 and MDR1.	Adenosine	112-121	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1	Homo sapiens	174-179
33410750-12	2021	Conversely, oxLDL suppressed the adiponectin-induced activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in COS-7 cells expressing adiponectin receptor AdipoR1.	Adenosine	67-76	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	33-44
33174009-4	2020	Adenosine A1 receptor (A1R), a member of the adenosine system, has notable anticonvulsant effects, and adenosine levels are controlled by the type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1); in addition the p38 MAPK signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of ENT1, although the effect of its inhibitors on the expression levels of A1R and ENT1 is unclear.	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	270-274
33174009-4	2020	Adenosine A1 receptor (A1R), a member of the adenosine system, has notable anticonvulsant effects, and adenosine levels are controlled by the type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1); in addition the p38 MAPK signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of ENT1, although the effect of its inhibitors on the expression levels of A1R and ENT1 is unclear.	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	270-274
33174009-4	2020	Adenosine A1 receptor (A1R), a member of the adenosine system, has notable anticonvulsant effects, and adenosine levels are controlled by the type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1); in addition the p38 MAPK signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of ENT1, although the effect of its inhibitors on the expression levels of A1R and ENT1 is unclear.	Adenosine	45-54	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	187-191
33174009-4	2020	Adenosine A1 receptor (A1R), a member of the adenosine system, has notable anticonvulsant effects, and adenosine levels are controlled by the type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1); in addition the p38 MAPK signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of ENT1, although the effect of its inhibitors on the expression levels of A1R and ENT1 is unclear.	Adenosine	103-112	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	187-191
33174009-4	2020	Adenosine A1 receptor (A1R), a member of the adenosine system, has notable anticonvulsant effects, and adenosine levels are controlled by the type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1); in addition the p38 MAPK signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of ENT1, although the effect of its inhibitors on the expression levels of A1R and ENT1 is unclear.	Adenosine	103-112	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	270-274
33174009-4	2020	Adenosine A1 receptor (A1R), a member of the adenosine system, has notable anticonvulsant effects, and adenosine levels are controlled by the type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1); in addition the p38 MAPK signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of ENT1, although the effect of its inhibitors on the expression levels of A1R and ENT1 is unclear.	Adenosine	103-112	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	270-274
33238553-2	2020	These adenosine triphosphate dependent chaperones were classified based on their molecular mass that ranges between 10-100 kDA, including; HSP10, HSP40, HSP70, HSP90, HSPB1, HSPD, and HSPH1 family.	Adenosine	6-15	DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B1 pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	146-151
33205649-4	2020	Here, we report that CE enhances the sensitivity of CRC cells to chemotherapy via attenuating the expression of adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporters ABCC1 and MDR1.	Adenosine	112-121	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	184-188
33274346-4	2020	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, such as P-glycoprotein (Pgp), line the luminal membrane of the brain capillary endothelium facing the vascular space.	Adenosine	0-9	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	74-88
33274346-4	2020	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, such as P-glycoprotein (Pgp), line the luminal membrane of the brain capillary endothelium facing the vascular space.	Adenosine	0-9	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	90-93
32901500-2	2020	In this study, apelin-13, an aliphatic peptide, was used to explore the protective effects of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR signaling pathway on Cx43 expression and autophagy, using murine atrial HL-1 cells.	Adenosine	98-107	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	180-184
33046502-4	2020	We find widespread loss of adenosine-to-inosine editing of Alu RNAs in MS. Unedited Alu RNAs are potent activators of both IFN and NF-kappaB responses via the dsRNA sensors, RIG-I, and TLR3.	Adenosine	27-36	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	131-140
33183330-3	2020	Evidence from stroke and inflammatory disease models suggests that adenosine signaling through the G protein-coupled A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) can provide antiinflammatory and neuroprotective effects.	Adenosine	67-76	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	117-138
33183330-3	2020	Evidence from stroke and inflammatory disease models suggests that adenosine signaling through the G protein-coupled A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) can provide antiinflammatory and neuroprotective effects.	Adenosine	67-76	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	140-144
32857422-7	2020	Using our powerful tool, it was first discovered that the uptake of extracellular Fe 2+ into cortex and striatum was largely mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) through CREB-related pathway in AD mouse brain.	Adenosine	144-153	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	183-187
33262687-1	2020	Background: It has been consistently reported that the deficiency of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) sensitive purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2X7R) ameliorates symptoms in animal models of brain diseases.	Adenosine	73-82	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	138-143
33144559-1	2020	It is highly debated how cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent regulation (CDR) of the major pacemaker channel HCN4 in the sinoatrial node (SAN) is involved in heart rate regulation by the autonomic nervous system.	Adenosine	32-41	hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated K+ 4	Mus musculus	114-118
32936912-4	2020	Poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) also participates in DNA damage repair, but its inhibition provides benefit in cancers that lack DNA repair by homologous recombination (HR) such as BRCA-mutant breast cancer.	Adenosine	6-15	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
33087577-5	2020	We found that CDNs containing adenosine induced a robust CFTR-mediated chloride secretory response together with cAMP-mediated inhibition of Poly I:C-stimulated IFNbeta expression.	Adenosine	30-39	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
33087577-6	2020	Signal transduction was strictly polarized to the serosal side of the epithelium, dependent on the extracellular and sequential hydrolysis of CDNs to adenosine by the ectonucleosidases ENPP1 and CD73, and occurred via activation of A2B adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	150-159	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	185-190
32870821-5	2020	In contrast, the proposal for therapeutic use of anti-hypoxic oxygenation described here was motivated by the need to prevent the hypoxia/HIF-1alpha-driven accumulation of extracellular adenosine to (i) unleash anti-tumor immune cells from inhibition by intracellular cAMP and (ii) prevent immunosuppressive transcription of cAMP response element- and hypoxia response element-containing immunosuppressive gene products (e.g. TGF-beta.	Adenosine	186-195	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	138-148
32507391-13	2020	Additional studies of K+ levels showed that Dube3a regulation of the Na+/K+ exchanger ATPalpha (adenosine triphosphatase alpha) in glia may be modulated by serotonin/dopamine signaling, causing seizure suppression.	Adenosine	96-105	Ubiquitin protein ligase E3A	Drosophila melanogaster	44-50
32969158-2	2020	The disease-modifying effect of methotrexate is associated with release of adenosine and mediated via binding to adenosine receptor A2A (ADORA2A) and 3 (ADORA3).	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	153-159
32892231-1	2020	PURPOSE: Purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a gated ion channel for which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a ligand.	Adenosine	75-84	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	20-33
32892231-1	2020	PURPOSE: Purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a gated ion channel for which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a ligand.	Adenosine	75-84	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	35-40
32284396-1	2020	McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a mosaic disorder arising from gain-of-function mutations in the GNAS gene, which encodes the 3", 5"-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway-associated G-protein, Gsalpha.	Adenosine	142-151	GNAS complex locus	Homo sapiens	99-103
32682003-5	2020	CA inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, calcium mobilization, adenosine 1,4,5-tri-phosphate (ATP) release, P-selectin expression and fibrinogen binding to integrin alphaIIbbeta3 activation without inducing any cytotoxic effect, and inhibited the phosphorylations of protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in thrombin-stimulated platelets.	Adenosine	74-83	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	13-21
32348553-9	2020	In addition, galloyl-RGD reduces intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels that leads to inhibition of cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) expression.	Adenosine	54-63	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	120-159
32348553-9	2020	In addition, galloyl-RGD reduces intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels that leads to inhibition of cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) expression.	Adenosine	54-63	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	161-165
32348553-9	2020	In addition, galloyl-RGD reduces intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels that leads to inhibition of cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) expression.	Adenosine	54-63	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	197-234
32348553-9	2020	In addition, galloyl-RGD reduces intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels that leads to inhibition of cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) expression.	Adenosine	54-63	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	236-239
33063092-5	2020	PARP 1 activation leads to cell death mainly by depletion of NAD+ and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), especially when availability of these energy mediators is compromised.	Adenosine	70-79	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
33143367-2	2020	We show that methyltransferase-like proteins METTL3/METTL14 and N6-adenosine methylation (m6A) in RNAs are homogeneously distributed in embryonic hearts, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors valproic acid and Trichostatin A (TSA) up-regulate METTL3/METTL14 proteins.	Adenosine	67-76	methyltransferase like 14	Mus musculus	254-261
33081024-5	2020	Herein, we first studied the role of extracellular Adenosine (ADO) on isolated human U343MG cells as a glioblastoma cellular model, finding that at high concentrations it was able to prompt the gene expression of Snail and ZEB1, which regulate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, even if a complete transition was not reached.	Adenosine	51-60	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	213-218
33105696-4	2020	Pharmacology with 2"(3")-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl) adenosine 5"-triphosphate (BzATP) as agonist showed dose-dependent membranal pores on RPMI-8226 (p = 0.0027) and blockade with P2X7 receptor antagonists.	Adenosine	46-55	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	173-186
33081024-5	2020	Herein, we first studied the role of extracellular Adenosine (ADO) on isolated human U343MG cells as a glioblastoma cellular model, finding that at high concentrations it was able to prompt the gene expression of Snail and ZEB1, which regulate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, even if a complete transition was not reached.	Adenosine	62-65	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	213-218
33146290-10	2020	Interestingly, direct injection of adenosine A1 or substance P receptor antagonists, or dorsal nerve root transection could significantly impair electroacupuncture induced analgesic actions in Complete Freund"s Adjuvant rats could and reduce the levels of substance P, neurokinin-1 receptor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6 and CD68.	Adenosine	35-44	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	292-319
32858046-0	2020	Intracellular adenosine released from THP-1 differentiated human macrophages is involved in an autocrine control of Leishmania parasitic burden, mediated by adenosine A2A and A2B receptors.	Adenosine	14-23	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	38-43
32858046-0	2020	Intracellular adenosine released from THP-1 differentiated human macrophages is involved in an autocrine control of Leishmania parasitic burden, mediated by adenosine A2A and A2B receptors.	Adenosine	157-166	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	38-43
32858046-3	2020	This work aimed at investigating whether endogenous adenosine exerts an autocrine modulation of macrophage response towards Leishmania infection, identifying its origin and potential pharmacological targets for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), using THP-1 differentiated macrophages.	Adenosine	52-61	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	246-251
32858046-4	2020	Adenosine deaminase treatment of infected THP-1 cells reduced the parasitic burden (29.1 +- 2.2%, P < 0.05).	Adenosine	0-9	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	42-47
32858046-5	2020	Adenosine A2A and A2B receptor subtypes expression was confirmed by RT-qPCR and by immunocytochemistry and their blockade with selective adenosine A2A and A2B antagonists reduced the parasitic burden [14.5 +- 3.1% (P < 0.05) and 12.3 +- 3.1% (P < 0.05), respectively; and 24.9 +- 2.8% (P < 0.05), by the combination of the two antagonists)], suggesting that adenosine A2 receptors are tonically activated in infected THP-1 differentiated macrophages.	Adenosine	0-9	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	417-422
32858046-6	2020	The tonic activation of adenosine A2 receptors was dependent on the release of intracellular adenosine through equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENT1/ENT2): NBTI or dipyridamole reduced (~25%) whereas, when ENTs were blocked, adenosine A2 receptor antagonists failed to reduce and A2 agonists increase parasitic burden.	Adenosine	24-33	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	155-159
32858046-6	2020	The tonic activation of adenosine A2 receptors was dependent on the release of intracellular adenosine through equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENT1/ENT2): NBTI or dipyridamole reduced (~25%) whereas, when ENTs were blocked, adenosine A2 receptor antagonists failed to reduce and A2 agonists increase parasitic burden.	Adenosine	93-102	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	155-159
32858046-6	2020	The tonic activation of adenosine A2 receptors was dependent on the release of intracellular adenosine through equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENT1/ENT2): NBTI or dipyridamole reduced (~25%) whereas, when ENTs were blocked, adenosine A2 receptor antagonists failed to reduce and A2 agonists increase parasitic burden.	Adenosine	93-102	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	155-159
32858046-8	2020	Results suggest that intracellular adenosine, released through ENTs, elicits an autocrine increase in parasitic burden in THP-1 macrophages, through adenosine A2 receptors activation.	Adenosine	35-44	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	122-127
32858046-8	2020	Results suggest that intracellular adenosine, released through ENTs, elicits an autocrine increase in parasitic burden in THP-1 macrophages, through adenosine A2 receptors activation.	Adenosine	149-158	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	122-127
32898522-11	2020	Exposure of cancer cell lines to adenosine induced the expression of PD-L1 and LDHA mRNA and protein levels.	Adenosine	33-42	lactate dehydrogenase A	Homo sapiens	79-83
32255344-1	2020	Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) specifically hydrolyzes cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and plays vital roles in biological processes such as cancer development.	Adenosine	76-85	phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens	39-43
33067363-8	2020	Our results, taken together, indicate that astrocyte-derived ATP may be hydrolyzed into adenosine by TNAP, which may in turn act on VLPO neurons to promote sleep.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGlia have recently been at the forefront of neuroscience research.	Adenosine	88-97	alkaline phosphatase, biomineralization associated	Rattus norvegicus	101-105
33146290-10	2020	Interestingly, direct injection of adenosine A1 or substance P receptor antagonists, or dorsal nerve root transection could significantly impair electroacupuncture induced analgesic actions in Complete Freund"s Adjuvant rats could and reduce the levels of substance P, neurokinin-1 receptor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6 and CD68.	Adenosine	35-44	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	321-338
33146290-10	2020	Interestingly, direct injection of adenosine A1 or substance P receptor antagonists, or dorsal nerve root transection could significantly impair electroacupuncture induced analgesic actions in Complete Freund"s Adjuvant rats could and reduce the levels of substance P, neurokinin-1 receptor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6 and CD68.	Adenosine	35-44	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	340-353
32847938-0	2020	An IL6-Adenosine Positive Feedback Loop between CD73+ gammadeltaTregs and CAFs Promotes Tumor Progression in Human Breast Cancer.	Adenosine	7-16	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	3-6
32717630-12	2020	The hemostatic mechanism may involve activation of the P2Y1, P2Y12, and PKC receptors in the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor signaling pathway.	Adenosine	93-102	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
32847938-3	2020	We further demonstrated that cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-derived IL6, rather than TGFbeta1, induced CD73+ gammadeltaTreg differentiation from paired normal breast tissues via the IL6/STAT3 pathway to produce more adenosine and become potent immunosuppressive T cells.	Adenosine	220-229	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	72-75
32847938-3	2020	We further demonstrated that cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-derived IL6, rather than TGFbeta1, induced CD73+ gammadeltaTreg differentiation from paired normal breast tissues via the IL6/STAT3 pathway to produce more adenosine and become potent immunosuppressive T cells.	Adenosine	220-229	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	190-195
32847938-4	2020	CD73+ gammadeltaTregs could in turn promote IL6 secretion by CAFs through adenosine/A2BR/p38MAPK signaling, thereby forming an IL6-adenosine positive feedback loop.	Adenosine	74-83	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	44-47
32847938-4	2020	CD73+ gammadeltaTregs could in turn promote IL6 secretion by CAFs through adenosine/A2BR/p38MAPK signaling, thereby forming an IL6-adenosine positive feedback loop.	Adenosine	74-83	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	127-130
32847938-4	2020	CD73+ gammadeltaTregs could in turn promote IL6 secretion by CAFs through adenosine/A2BR/p38MAPK signaling, thereby forming an IL6-adenosine positive feedback loop.	Adenosine	131-140	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	44-47
32847938-4	2020	CD73+ gammadeltaTregs could in turn promote IL6 secretion by CAFs through adenosine/A2BR/p38MAPK signaling, thereby forming an IL6-adenosine positive feedback loop.	Adenosine	131-140	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	127-130
32847938-6	2020	The data indicate that the IL6-adenosine loop between CD73+ gammadeltaTregs and CAFs is important to promote immunosuppression and tumor progression in human breast cancer, which may be critical for tumor immunotherapy.	Adenosine	31-40	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	27-30
32945585-6	2020	RESULTS: We verified that crystal-induced extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) upregulation via the membrane purinergic 2X7 receptor (P2X7 R) promotes ROS generation and thereby activates NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated interleukin-1beta/18 maturation and gasdermin D cleavage.	Adenosine	56-65	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	194-199
32945585-6	2020	RESULTS: We verified that crystal-induced extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) upregulation via the membrane purinergic 2X7 receptor (P2X7 R) promotes ROS generation and thereby activates NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated interleukin-1beta/18 maturation and gasdermin D cleavage.	Adenosine	56-65	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	222-239
33135341-10	2020	Mechanistically, TRPC6 inhibited mitochondrial fission in the hippocampus of diabetic mice undergoing RH episodes by activating adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase, and TRPC6-mediated cytosolic calcium influx was required for this process.	Adenosine	128-137	Rh blood group, D antigen	Mus musculus	102-104
32945484-9	2020	Furthermore, the detection of caspase-3 and poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) also confirmed that treatment with erastin promoted the cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP, which are hallmarks of apoptosis.	Adenosine	50-59	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	92-96
32827244-1	2020	Acylglycerol kinase (AGK) uses adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and acylglycerol to generate adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate in cells.	Adenosine	31-40	acylglycerol kinase	Homo sapiens	21-24
32827244-1	2020	Acylglycerol kinase (AGK) uses adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and acylglycerol to generate adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate in cells.	Adenosine	89-98	acylglycerol kinase	Homo sapiens	21-24
33028694-8	2020	Mechanism studies have shown that DMC can promote ubiquitin degradation of HBx-induced PD-L1 protein in HCC cells by activating adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway.	Adenosine	128-137	CD274 antigen	Mus musculus	87-92
32918234-7	2020	Further administration of adenylyl cyclase (AC) inhibitor and sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) CRISPR activator suggested that the AC-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) axis participated in PACAP signaling after SAH, which inhibited the expression of edema-related proteins, SUR1 and aquaporin-4 (AQP4), through SUR1 phosphorylation.	Adenosine	139-148	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 8	Rattus norvegicus	62-85
32918234-7	2020	Further administration of adenylyl cyclase (AC) inhibitor and sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) CRISPR activator suggested that the AC-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) axis participated in PACAP signaling after SAH, which inhibited the expression of edema-related proteins, SUR1 and aquaporin-4 (AQP4), through SUR1 phosphorylation.	Adenosine	139-148	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 8	Rattus norvegicus	87-91
32918234-7	2020	Further administration of adenylyl cyclase (AC) inhibitor and sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) CRISPR activator suggested that the AC-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) axis participated in PACAP signaling after SAH, which inhibited the expression of edema-related proteins, SUR1 and aquaporin-4 (AQP4), through SUR1 phosphorylation.	Adenosine	139-148	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 8	Rattus norvegicus	299-303
32918234-7	2020	Further administration of adenylyl cyclase (AC) inhibitor and sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) CRISPR activator suggested that the AC-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) axis participated in PACAP signaling after SAH, which inhibited the expression of edema-related proteins, SUR1 and aquaporin-4 (AQP4), through SUR1 phosphorylation.	Adenosine	139-148	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 8	Rattus norvegicus	299-303
33080438-9	2020	Catalase-deficient adipocytes presented increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression but decreased adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression.	Adenosine	136-145	catalase	Mus musculus	0-8
32661868-4	2020	At the molecular level, functional deficiency of the Nlrp3 inflammasome in HSPCs leads to their defective migration in response to the major BM homing chemoattractant stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and to other supportive chemoattractants, including sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP).	Adenosine	300-309	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	53-58
32962063-10	2020	Here, we demonstrate that JMS safely and effectively inhibits alpha-MSH-induced melanogenesis via the CaMKKbeta (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase beta)-AMPK (5" adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway.	Adenosine	172-181	STAM binding protein	Homo sapiens	62-71
33117358-4	2020	Indeed, both inflamed and cancerous tissues are hypoxic and rich in extracellular adenosine, in part due to stabilization of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1alpha).	Adenosine	82-91	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	150-182
33117358-4	2020	Indeed, both inflamed and cancerous tissues are hypoxic and rich in extracellular adenosine, in part due to stabilization of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1alpha).	Adenosine	82-91	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	184-194
32962663-2	2020	Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) is expressed and functional in the mitochondrial membrane that equilibrates adenosine concentration across membranes.	Adenosine	122-131	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-38
32962663-2	2020	Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) is expressed and functional in the mitochondrial membrane that equilibrates adenosine concentration across membranes.	Adenosine	122-131	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
32947765-8	2020	The closed conformation maintained the crucial salt-bridge between Glu-268 and Lys-56 residues, which strengthens the interaction affinity of the inhibitor nearly identical to adenosine triphosphate (ADP/Pi) bound to the HSP72-NBD.	Adenosine	176-185	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1A	Homo sapiens	221-226
32707188-10	2020	Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) reversed the inhibitory effects of alamandine on the Ang II-induced increases in collagen I, TGF-beta, and CTGF levels.	Adenosine	7-16	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	91-97
32603820-4	2020	In context, developing evidence suggest that Abeta decreases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mostly by lowering phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) protein.	Adenosine	143-152	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	45-50
32588751-6	2020	Methods and Results: Using platelets from wild-type or SERCA3-deficient mice, we demonstrated that an early (within 5 to 10 seconds following stimulation) secretion of ADP specifically dependent on SERCA3 stored Ca2+ is exclusively mobilized by nicotinic acid adenosine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP): both Ca2+ mobilization from SERCA3-dependent stores and primary ADP secretion are blocked by the NAADP receptor antagonist Ned-19, and reciprocally both are stimulated by permeant NAADP.	Adenosine	260-269	ATPase, Ca++ transporting, ubiquitous	Mus musculus	198-204
32588751-6	2020	Methods and Results: Using platelets from wild-type or SERCA3-deficient mice, we demonstrated that an early (within 5 to 10 seconds following stimulation) secretion of ADP specifically dependent on SERCA3 stored Ca2+ is exclusively mobilized by nicotinic acid adenosine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP): both Ca2+ mobilization from SERCA3-dependent stores and primary ADP secretion are blocked by the NAADP receptor antagonist Ned-19, and reciprocally both are stimulated by permeant NAADP.	Adenosine	260-269	ATPase, Ca++ transporting, ubiquitous	Mus musculus	198-204
32701572-2	2020	This study tested the hypothesis that differences in brain Tau amounts and in the activity of mitochondria-adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-Nuak1-Tau cascade between the neonatal and adult mice contribute to the age-dependent effects of sevoflurane on cognitive function.	Adenosine	107-116	NUAK family, SNF1-like kinase, 1	Mus musculus	136-141
32906646-7	2020	Lipopolysaccharide-primed monocytic U937 cells and human mononuclear leukocytes were stimulated with the P2X7 receptor agonist 2"(3")-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine-5"-triphosphate triethylammonium salt (BzATP) in the presence or absence of nAChR agonists and Abeta1-42.	Adenosine	154-163	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	105-118
32945146-1	2020	Inhibiting the function of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) transporter, which causes drug efflux through adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner, has become an effective strategy to conquer multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells.	Adenosine	95-104	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	27-41
32945146-1	2020	Inhibiting the function of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) transporter, which causes drug efflux through adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner, has become an effective strategy to conquer multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells.	Adenosine	95-104	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	43-47
32878981-4	2020	SMOC1 exerted its favorable glycemic effects by inhibiting adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)-cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling in the liver, leading to decreased gluconeogenic gene expression and suppression of hepatic glucose output.	Adenosine	59-68	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	178-182
32585229-3	2020	Overaccumulation of CD73-derived adenosine through interaction with its four G coupled receptors (A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR, and A3AR) mediate tumor growth, immune suppression, angiogenesis, and metastasis.	Adenosine	33-42	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	122-126
32017200-0	2020	Extracellular adenosine enhances the ability of PMNs to kill Streptococcus pneumoniae by inhibiting IL-10 production.	Adenosine	14-23	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	100-105
32569015-4	2020	In response to adenosine receptor agonists, levels of secreted VEGF varied.	Adenosine	15-24	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	63-67
32720689-12	2020	Accordingly, the adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/protein kinase B-mechanistic target of rapamycin (AMPK/AKT-mTOR) signaling was significantly activated in the 2 fish models with inhibited mitochondrial FAO (P < 0.05).	Adenosine	17-26	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Danio rerio	128-132
32544464-4	2020	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is an important enzyme that eliminates adenosine in cells, and can maintain low adenosine concentration in cells.	Adenosine	62-71	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
32544464-4	2020	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is an important enzyme that eliminates adenosine in cells, and can maintain low adenosine concentration in cells.	Adenosine	62-71	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-21
32544464-4	2020	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is an important enzyme that eliminates adenosine in cells, and can maintain low adenosine concentration in cells.	Adenosine	103-112	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
32544464-4	2020	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is an important enzyme that eliminates adenosine in cells, and can maintain low adenosine concentration in cells.	Adenosine	103-112	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-21
32544464-8	2020	In vivo, ADK inhibitor could reduce IR-induced renal injury, which might play a protective role by increasing tissue adenosine level, inhibiting oxidative stress, and reducing cell apoptosis.	Adenosine	117-126	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	9-12
32565059-2	2020	Furthermore, it has been suggested that A2AR-Tropomyosin related kinase B receptor (TrkB) crosstalk has a pivotal role in adenosine A2AR-mediated modulation of the BDNF action on hippocampal plasticity.	Adenosine	122-131	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	40-82
32565059-2	2020	Furthermore, it has been suggested that A2AR-Tropomyosin related kinase B receptor (TrkB) crosstalk has a pivotal role in adenosine A2AR-mediated modulation of the BDNF action on hippocampal plasticity.	Adenosine	122-131	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
32565059-4	2020	Using in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA), the existence of a direct physical interaction between adenosine A2AR and TrkB is demonstrated.	Adenosine	101-110	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	120-124
33164356-4	2020	The results showed that adenosine, epigoitrin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, cichoric acid, corynoline, baicalin, wogonoside, wogonin and oroxylin A had a certain regulatory effect on inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor(TNF-alpha), interleukin(IL-1beta) and IL-6 at specific concentrations in a dose-dependent manner.	Adenosine	24-33	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	206-227
33164356-4	2020	The results showed that adenosine, epigoitrin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, cichoric acid, corynoline, baicalin, wogonoside, wogonin and oroxylin A had a certain regulatory effect on inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor(TNF-alpha), interleukin(IL-1beta) and IL-6 at specific concentrations in a dose-dependent manner.	Adenosine	24-33	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	228-237
33164356-4	2020	The results showed that adenosine, epigoitrin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, cichoric acid, corynoline, baicalin, wogonoside, wogonin and oroxylin A had a certain regulatory effect on inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor(TNF-alpha), interleukin(IL-1beta) and IL-6 at specific concentrations in a dose-dependent manner.	Adenosine	24-33	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	266-270
32639661-3	2020	The successful example is that cancer cells with BRCA1/2 mutations are sensitized to poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors.	Adenosine	91-100	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	139-143
33111516-1	2020	The purpose of this study was to explore the mitigating effect of morphine on the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) in rats through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) pathway.	Adenosine	155-164	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	197-201
32577957-6	2020	The net effect of the stimulation of P2X3, P2X4, P2X7, and A1Rs by the AP/EAP-induced release of ATP/adenosine at certain acupoints will be analgesia.	Adenosine	101-110	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	49-53
32726854-2	2020	Following TAVR, high molecular weight (HMW) multimers defect of von Willebrand factor (VWF) as assessed by closure time of adenosine diphosphate (CT-ADP) value > 180 seconds is an independent predictor of bleeding events.	Adenosine	123-132	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	64-85
32726854-2	2020	Following TAVR, high molecular weight (HMW) multimers defect of von Willebrand factor (VWF) as assessed by closure time of adenosine diphosphate (CT-ADP) value > 180 seconds is an independent predictor of bleeding events.	Adenosine	123-132	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	87-90
32984199-8	2020	Intriguingly, SLC25A42, which encodes a mitochondrial transporter for coenzyme A and adenosine-3",5"-diphosphate, was significantly upregulated in the PI group.	Adenosine	85-94	solute carrier family 25 member 42	Homo sapiens	14-22
32954345-12	2020	Pharmacological stimulation of four G-protein-coupled receptors enriched in the striatal parvalbumin interneurons inhibited Gdnf expression presumably by decreasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate formation.	Adenosine	172-181	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	124-128
32847424-7	2022	Also, there was a significant decrease in the activity of adenosine monophosphohydrolase (AMPase) with a simultaneous increase in activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA), adenosine triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (ATPdase), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in scopolamine-induced rats when compared with the control.	Adenosine	58-67	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	214-221
32911914-2	2020	Reactive oxygen species, high concentrations of adenosine triphosphate and uric acid activate the pyroptosis system, which then cleaves the pore formation mechanism of gasdermin-D, leading to the death of liver cells, accompanied by the release of interleukin-1beta, interleukin-18, and other inflammatory factors.	Adenosine	48-57	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	248-265
32839388-7	2020	Forced overexpression of Tsg101 in mouse hearts and isolated cardiomyocytes could promote Glut-4 re-distribution to the sarcolemma, leading to enhanced glucose entry and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation in I/R hearts which in turn, attenuation of I/R-induced cardiac dysfunction.	Adenosine	170-179	tumor susceptibility gene 101	Mus musculus	25-31
32814402-0	2020	Correction to "Aptamer-Based Fluorescent Biosensing of Adenosine Triphosphate and Cytochrome c via Aggregation-Induced Emission Enhancement on Novel Label-Free DNA-Capped Silver Nanoclusters/Graphene Oxide Nanohybrids".	Adenosine	55-64	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	82-94
32879619-6	2020	MCL also prevented LPS- and adenosine triphosphate-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vitro, as evidenced by the inhibition of NLRP3 expression, caspase-1 cleavage, and interleukin-1beta and interleukin-18 maturation and secretion.	Adenosine	28-37	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Rattus norvegicus	59-64
32814042-2	2020	The transcription start site nucleotide is ribose methylated (Nm) in many eukaryotes, whereas an adenosine at this position is further methylated at the N6 position (m6A) by the mammalian Phosphorylated C-terminal domain (CTD)-interacting Factor 1 (PCIF1) to generate m6Am.	Adenosine	97-106	phosphorylated CTD interacting factor 1	Homo sapiens	249-254
32824277-1	2020	In this study, we hypothesized that different strains of Lactobacillus can alleviate hyperlipidemia and liver steatosis via activation of 5" adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an enzyme that is involved in cellular energy homeostasis, in aged rats.	Adenosine	141-150	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	191-195
32606006-7	2020	By reducing m6A levels at the 3"UTR and the mRNA stability of two phosphodiesterase genes (PDE1C and PDE4B), FTO augmented second messenger 3", 5"-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling and suppressed stemness features of ovarian cancer cells.	Adenosine	154-163	phosphodiesterase 4B	Homo sapiens	101-106
32867798-5	2020	The function of the TRPP2-STIM1 complex in thapsigargin (TG) or adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-induced SOCE was explored using specific small interfering RNA (siRNA).	Adenosine	64-73	polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel	Homo sapiens	20-25
32867798-5	2020	The function of the TRPP2-STIM1 complex in thapsigargin (TG) or adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-induced SOCE was explored using specific small interfering RNA (siRNA).	Adenosine	64-73	stromal interaction molecule 1	Homo sapiens	26-31
32879619-6	2020	MCL also prevented LPS- and adenosine triphosphate-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vitro, as evidenced by the inhibition of NLRP3 expression, caspase-1 cleavage, and interleukin-1beta and interleukin-18 maturation and secretion.	Adenosine	28-37	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Rattus norvegicus	133-138
32879619-6	2020	MCL also prevented LPS- and adenosine triphosphate-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vitro, as evidenced by the inhibition of NLRP3 expression, caspase-1 cleavage, and interleukin-1beta and interleukin-18 maturation and secretion.	Adenosine	28-37	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	175-192
33022543-3	2020	Adenosine sensing circuitry also involves feedforward signaling, which leads to increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1 and feedback signaling, which leads to the suppression of inflammatory transcription factor, the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappaB) activation.	Adenosine	0-9	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	104-136
32848588-6	2020	We provide evidence for potential influences of E3 ligase and poly adenosine diphosphate (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) activity on neurodegenerative pathology.	Adenosine	67-76	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	116-121
33022543-3	2020	Adenosine sensing circuitry also involves feedforward signaling, which leads to increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1 and feedback signaling, which leads to the suppression of inflammatory transcription factor, the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappaB) activation.	Adenosine	0-9	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	138-142
33022543-3	2020	Adenosine sensing circuitry also involves feedforward signaling, which leads to increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1 and feedback signaling, which leads to the suppression of inflammatory transcription factor, the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappaB) activation.	Adenosine	0-9	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	304-313
33086188-2	2020	Tumor hypoxia stabilizes the transcription factor HIF-1alpha that can trigger immunosuppression through A2A adenosine receptors which prevents immune attack on tumors.	Adenosine	108-117	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	50-60
32579290-4	2020	We previously reported an interaction between the calcium-binding protein annexin A4 (ANXA4) and AC5 in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells and an inhibition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production in cardiomyocytes.	Adenosine	174-183	annexin A4	Homo sapiens	74-84
32579290-4	2020	We previously reported an interaction between the calcium-binding protein annexin A4 (ANXA4) and AC5 in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells and an inhibition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production in cardiomyocytes.	Adenosine	174-183	annexin A4	Homo sapiens	86-91
32450267-6	2020	Next, we stably overexpressed NTCP (SLC10A1) in HepG2 cells, and found that NTCP (SLC10A1)-overexpressing cells could inhibit the production of adenosine and decreased both mRNA and protein levels of HIF1alpha.	Adenosine	144-153	solute carrier family 10 member 1	Homo sapiens	30-34
32450267-6	2020	Next, we stably overexpressed NTCP (SLC10A1) in HepG2 cells, and found that NTCP (SLC10A1)-overexpressing cells could inhibit the production of adenosine and decreased both mRNA and protein levels of HIF1alpha.	Adenosine	144-153	solute carrier family 10 member 1	Homo sapiens	36-43
32450267-6	2020	Next, we stably overexpressed NTCP (SLC10A1) in HepG2 cells, and found that NTCP (SLC10A1)-overexpressing cells could inhibit the production of adenosine and decreased both mRNA and protein levels of HIF1alpha.	Adenosine	144-153	solute carrier family 10 member 1	Homo sapiens	76-80
32450267-6	2020	Next, we stably overexpressed NTCP (SLC10A1) in HepG2 cells, and found that NTCP (SLC10A1)-overexpressing cells could inhibit the production of adenosine and decreased both mRNA and protein levels of HIF1alpha.	Adenosine	144-153	solute carrier family 10 member 1	Homo sapiens	82-89
32450267-7	2020	Further overexpression of HIF1alpha in the NTCP (SLC10A1)-overexpression group restored the production of adenosine.	Adenosine	106-115	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	26-35
32450267-7	2020	Further overexpression of HIF1alpha in the NTCP (SLC10A1)-overexpression group restored the production of adenosine.	Adenosine	106-115	solute carrier family 10 member 1	Homo sapiens	43-47
32450267-7	2020	Further overexpression of HIF1alpha in the NTCP (SLC10A1)-overexpression group restored the production of adenosine.	Adenosine	106-115	solute carrier family 10 member 1	Homo sapiens	49-56
32450267-8	2020	Collectively, these findings provide strong evidence that NTCP (SLC10A1) overexpression significantly disrupts the metabolism of adenosine in HB cells and highlight that NTCP (SLC10A1) mediates adenosine production mainly through HIF1alpha.	Adenosine	129-138	solute carrier family 10 member 1	Homo sapiens	58-62
32450267-8	2020	Collectively, these findings provide strong evidence that NTCP (SLC10A1) overexpression significantly disrupts the metabolism of adenosine in HB cells and highlight that NTCP (SLC10A1) mediates adenosine production mainly through HIF1alpha.	Adenosine	129-138	solute carrier family 10 member 1	Homo sapiens	64-71
32450267-8	2020	Collectively, these findings provide strong evidence that NTCP (SLC10A1) overexpression significantly disrupts the metabolism of adenosine in HB cells and highlight that NTCP (SLC10A1) mediates adenosine production mainly through HIF1alpha.	Adenosine	129-138	solute carrier family 10 member 1	Homo sapiens	176-183
32450267-8	2020	Collectively, these findings provide strong evidence that NTCP (SLC10A1) overexpression significantly disrupts the metabolism of adenosine in HB cells and highlight that NTCP (SLC10A1) mediates adenosine production mainly through HIF1alpha.	Adenosine	129-138	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	230-239
32450267-8	2020	Collectively, these findings provide strong evidence that NTCP (SLC10A1) overexpression significantly disrupts the metabolism of adenosine in HB cells and highlight that NTCP (SLC10A1) mediates adenosine production mainly through HIF1alpha.	Adenosine	194-203	solute carrier family 10 member 1	Homo sapiens	170-174
32450267-8	2020	Collectively, these findings provide strong evidence that NTCP (SLC10A1) overexpression significantly disrupts the metabolism of adenosine in HB cells and highlight that NTCP (SLC10A1) mediates adenosine production mainly through HIF1alpha.	Adenosine	194-203	solute carrier family 10 member 1	Homo sapiens	176-183
32450267-8	2020	Collectively, these findings provide strong evidence that NTCP (SLC10A1) overexpression significantly disrupts the metabolism of adenosine in HB cells and highlight that NTCP (SLC10A1) mediates adenosine production mainly through HIF1alpha.	Adenosine	194-203	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	230-239
32434943-4	2020	Blocking ADK activity in the spinal cord provided greater than 90% attenuation of OIH and antinociceptive tolerance through A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) signaling.	Adenosine	127-136	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
32434943-4	2020	Blocking ADK activity in the spinal cord provided greater than 90% attenuation of OIH and antinociceptive tolerance through A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) signaling.	Adenosine	127-136	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	147-151
32434943-5	2020	Supplementing adenosine signaling with selective A3AR agonists blocked OIH and antinociceptive tolerance in rodents of both sexes.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	49-53
32497535-3	2020	Given the role of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE) 4 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the inflammatory response, we hypothesize that selective PDE4 inhibition may attenuate the cytokine storm in COVID-19, through the upstream inhibition of pro-inflammatory molecules, particularly TNF-alpha, and the regulation of the pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory balance.	Adenosine	57-66	phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens	141-145
33089283-5	2020	RESULTS: One week after osteogenic formation and two weeks after osteogenic formation, the expression of RUNX2 and OCN mRNA in the adenosine triphosphate + osteogenic induction group was significantly higher than that in the osteogenic induction group (P<0.05).	Adenosine	131-140	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	105-110
33089283-5	2020	RESULTS: One week after osteogenic formation and two weeks after osteogenic formation, the expression of RUNX2 and OCN mRNA in the adenosine triphosphate + osteogenic induction group was significantly higher than that in the osteogenic induction group (P<0.05).	Adenosine	131-140	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Homo sapiens	115-118
33089283-6	2020	The expression of RUNX2 and OCN mRNA in the 1 week after adenosine triphosphate + osteogenic induction fluid was significantly higher than that 2 weeks after osteogenic formation, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).	Adenosine	57-66	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	18-23
33089283-6	2020	The expression of RUNX2 and OCN mRNA in the 1 week after adenosine triphosphate + osteogenic induction fluid was significantly higher than that 2 weeks after osteogenic formation, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).	Adenosine	57-66	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Homo sapiens	28-31
33089283-7	2020	The expression of P2X7 receptor mRNA in the adenosine triphosphate group and the adenosine triphosphate + osteogenic induction group was significantly higher than that in the control group and the osteogenic induction group 1 week after osteogenesis and 2 weeks after osteogenesis (P<0.05).	Adenosine	44-53	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	18-31
33089283-7	2020	The expression of P2X7 receptor mRNA in the adenosine triphosphate group and the adenosine triphosphate + osteogenic induction group was significantly higher than that in the control group and the osteogenic induction group 1 week after osteogenesis and 2 weeks after osteogenesis (P<0.05).	Adenosine	81-90	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	18-31
33089283-8	2020	The expression of P2X7 receptor mRNA in the adenosine triphosphate group was significantly higher than that in the adenosine triphosphate + osteogenic induction group 2 weeks after osteogenesis(P<0.05).	Adenosine	44-53	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	18-31
33089283-8	2020	The expression of P2X7 receptor mRNA in the adenosine triphosphate group was significantly higher than that in the adenosine triphosphate + osteogenic induction group 2 weeks after osteogenesis(P<0.05).	Adenosine	115-124	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	18-31
33089283-10	2020	CONCLUSIONS: P2X7 receptor can significantly improve the osteogenesis of periodontal ligament stem cells, and adenosine triphosphate can activate the expression of P2X7 receptor.	Adenosine	110-119	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	164-177
32848594-1	2020	The P2X7 receptor is a cation channel activated by high concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).	Adenosine	74-83	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	4-17
32775917-7	2020	The FDA-approved adenosine receptor agonist Lexiscan (Lex) could inhibit the expression of P-glycoprotein on the endothelial cell surface to transiently increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) without any sustained damage, which was used to assist HSYA in passing through the BBB to increase the accumulation in the brain.	Adenosine	17-26	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	44-47
32775917-7	2020	The FDA-approved adenosine receptor agonist Lexiscan (Lex) could inhibit the expression of P-glycoprotein on the endothelial cell surface to transiently increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) without any sustained damage, which was used to assist HSYA in passing through the BBB to increase the accumulation in the brain.	Adenosine	17-26	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	91-105
32782491-1	2020	Poly[adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribose]polymerase (PARP) has multifaceted roles in the maintenance of genomic integrity, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair and replication, and the maintenance of immune-system homeostasis.	Adenosine	5-14	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	52-56
32832656-2	2020	Originally described as deacetylases, some sirtuins also exhibit poorly understood mono-adenosine 5"-diphosphate (ADP)-ribosyltransferase (mADPRT) activity.	Adenosine	88-97	ADP-ribosyltransferase 1	Mus musculus	139-145
32707767-8	2020	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stimulated cell migration via P2X7/P2X4, and caused HMGB1 release via P2X7 in RAW264.7 cells, which was dependent on p38MAPK/NF-kappaB signaling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation.	Adenosine	0-9	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	59-68
32707767-8	2020	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stimulated cell migration via P2X7/P2X4, and caused HMGB1 release via P2X7 in RAW264.7 cells, which was dependent on p38MAPK/NF-kappaB signaling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation.	Adenosine	0-9	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	59-63
32743071-7	2020	We uncovered a previously unknown cellular signaling pathway that responds to extracellular DNA-derived metabolites, coupling nucleoside catabolism by adenosine deaminases to cellular IFN-beta production.	Adenosine	151-160	IFN1@	Homo sapiens	184-192
32708658-4	2020	The presence of a methyl group at the N-1 position of adenosine (m1A) is mostly found in ncRNA and mRNA and is mainly responsible for stability and translation fidelity.	Adenosine	54-63	RNANC	Homo sapiens	89-94
32668243-3	2020	Repair is mediated by hippocampal injections of juvenile Mecp2317G>A mice with an adeno-associated virus expressing the hyperactive catalytic domain of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 and Mecp2 guide.	Adenosine	152-161	methyl-CpG binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	57-62
32434943-9	2020	These findings suggest A3AR-dependent adenosine signaling is compromised during sustained morphine to allow the development of morphine-induced adverse effects.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	23-27
32640257-2	2020	Sensing of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) by the purinergic receptor P2RX7 is needed for recirculating CD8+ T cell memory, but its role for Trm cells is unclear.	Adenosine	25-34	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	82-87
32631435-6	2020	LRCH1 knockdown increased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 after in vitro priming with lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate.	Adenosine	160-169	leucine rich repeats and calponin homology domain containing 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
32832566-0	2020	Adenosine-Induced NLRP11 in B Lymphoblasts Suppresses Human CD4+ T Helper Cell Responses.	Adenosine	0-9	NLR family pyrin domain containing 11	Homo sapiens	18-24
32832566-0	2020	Adenosine-Induced NLRP11 in B Lymphoblasts Suppresses Human CD4+ T Helper Cell Responses.	Adenosine	0-9	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	60-63
32832566-2	2020	The true stimulus of NLRP11 is still unclear to date, so the current study is built upon NLRP11 induction via adenosine stimulation and that activation can shape adaptive immune responses in a caspase-1-independent manner.	Adenosine	110-119	NLR family pyrin domain containing 11	Homo sapiens	21-27
32832566-2	2020	The true stimulus of NLRP11 is still unclear to date, so the current study is built upon NLRP11 induction via adenosine stimulation and that activation can shape adaptive immune responses in a caspase-1-independent manner.	Adenosine	110-119	NLR family pyrin domain containing 11	Homo sapiens	89-95
32832566-3	2020	We examined the regulation and mechanism of adenosine responsiveness via NLRP11 in human Daudi Burkitt"s B lymphoma cells and their effects on human peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes from healthy individuals.	Adenosine	44-53	NLR family pyrin domain containing 11	Homo sapiens	73-79
32832566-4	2020	NLRP11 was significantly upregulated after induction with adenosine at both the mRNA and protein levels, which led to the interaction of endogenous NLRP11 with the ASC adaptor protein; however, this interaction did not result in the activation of the caspase-1 enzyme.	Adenosine	58-67	NLR family pyrin domain containing 11	Homo sapiens	0-6
32832566-4	2020	NLRP11 was significantly upregulated after induction with adenosine at both the mRNA and protein levels, which led to the interaction of endogenous NLRP11 with the ASC adaptor protein; however, this interaction did not result in the activation of the caspase-1 enzyme.	Adenosine	58-67	NLR family pyrin domain containing 11	Homo sapiens	148-154
32832566-4	2020	NLRP11 was significantly upregulated after induction with adenosine at both the mRNA and protein levels, which led to the interaction of endogenous NLRP11 with the ASC adaptor protein; however, this interaction did not result in the activation of the caspase-1 enzyme.	Adenosine	58-67	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	251-260
32832566-7	2020	Concomitant with NLRP11 upregulation, we also exhibited that adenosine A2B receptor signaling induced two phosphorylated downstream effectors, pErk1/2 and pAkt (Ser473), but not pAkt (Thr308).	Adenosine	61-70	NLR family pyrin domain containing 11	Homo sapiens	17-23
32832566-8	2020	Taken together, our data indicate that adenosine is a negative regulator of Th1 and Th17 responses via NLRP11 in an inflammasome-independent manner.	Adenosine	39-48	NLR family pyrin domain containing 11	Homo sapiens	103-109
32126230-9	2020	Of these, hENT1 and hENT2 transport both nucleosides and nucleobases into and out of cells, but their relative contributions to nucleoside and nucleobase homeostasis and, in particular, to adenosine signaling via purinoreceptors, are not known.	Adenosine	189-198	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	20-25
32311420-0	2020	Hippocampal synaptic dysfunction in the SOD1G93A mouse model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Reversal by adenosine A2AR blockade.	Adenosine	107-116	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	40-44
32625169-5	2020	Meanwhile, Adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling plays important role in metabolic/endocrine homeostasis and infection response, and it"s closely associated with the anti-oxidative capacity of the body.	Adenosine	11-20	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	80-123
32625169-5	2020	Meanwhile, Adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling plays important role in metabolic/endocrine homeostasis and infection response, and it"s closely associated with the anti-oxidative capacity of the body.	Adenosine	11-20	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	125-129
32596459-0	2020	Suppression of adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editome by death associated protein 3 (DAP3) promotes cancer progression.	Adenosine	15-24	death associated protein 3	Homo sapiens	60-86
32596459-0	2020	Suppression of adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editome by death associated protein 3 (DAP3) promotes cancer progression.	Adenosine	15-24	death associated protein 3	Homo sapiens	88-92
32612520-1	2020	Immunolabeling for adenosine A1 receptors (A1Rs) is high in hippocampal area CA2 in adult rats, and the potentiating effects of caffeine or other A1R-selective antagonists on synaptic responses are particularly robust at Schaffer collateral synapses in CA2.	Adenosine	19-28	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
33911740-9	2020	Depletion of the AQP1 increased the apoptotic sensitivity of cells to UVB, as judged by upregulation of the p53, p21, poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase and Bax together with the increased Bax/Bcl2 ratio.	Adenosine	124-133	aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group)	Homo sapiens	17-21
32492816-1	2020	Switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF)-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin (SMARC) subfamily B member 1 (SMARCB1) is a core subunit of the switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex, one of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent chromatin remodeler complexes.	Adenosine	231-240	SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily b, member 1	Homo sapiens	136-143
32337831-1	2020	The purpose of this study was to alleviate liver disturbance by applying polysaccharides from Dicliptera chinensis (DCP) to act on the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/ nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (AMPK/ Nrf2) oxidative stress pathway and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4)/ nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappaB) inflammatory pathway and to establish an in vivo liver disturbance model using male C57BL/6J and TLR-4 knockout (-/- ) mice.	Adenosine	135-144	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	236-240
32382337-1	2020	Myosin heavy chain 11 (MYH11), encoded by the MYH11 gene, is a protein that participates in muscle contraction through the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate.	Adenosine	137-146	myosin heavy chain 11	Homo sapiens	0-21
32382337-1	2020	Myosin heavy chain 11 (MYH11), encoded by the MYH11 gene, is a protein that participates in muscle contraction through the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate.	Adenosine	137-146	myosin heavy chain 11	Homo sapiens	23-28
32382337-1	2020	Myosin heavy chain 11 (MYH11), encoded by the MYH11 gene, is a protein that participates in muscle contraction through the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate.	Adenosine	137-146	myosin heavy chain 11	Homo sapiens	46-51
32486485-1	2020	The purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) belongs to a family of trimeric ion channels that are gated by extracellular adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP).	Adenosine	114-123	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	15-28
32486485-1	2020	The purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) belongs to a family of trimeric ion channels that are gated by extracellular adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP).	Adenosine	114-123	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	30-35
32466597-2	2020	ABCB1 is one of the major adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters that can actively efflux a range of anticancer drugs out of cancer cells, causing MDR.	Adenosine	26-35	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
32450899-15	2020	Uncoupled hemichannels permit the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in to the extracellular space ( [ATP]e), where ATP binds to the P2X7 purinoreceptor and activates the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome.	Adenosine	45-54	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	138-142
32450899-15	2020	Uncoupled hemichannels permit the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in to the extracellular space ( [ATP]e), where ATP binds to the P2X7 purinoreceptor and activates the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome.	Adenosine	45-54	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	254-259
32547324-5	2020	Next, after adding TFAM siRNA, TFAM knockdown, cultured for 24h, and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured, they were stained with ATP5A which labels adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production.	Adenosine	159-168	ATP synthase peripheral stalk subunit F6	Homo sapiens	140-145
32760402-7	2020	Finally, we report the strong rationale for planning strategies of combination therapy with immune checkpoints blockade and adenosine signaling inhibition to overcome immune escape and immunotherapy resistance in EGFR-mutated NSCLC.	Adenosine	124-133	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	213-217
32375544-5	2020	We found that lack of CD73-mediated adenosine signaling reduced cAMP production and resulted in increased activation of AKT.	Adenosine	36-45	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	120-123
32375544-8	2020	Exogenous AMP induced FOXO1 nuclear localization in ACDC but not in control cells, and this was prevented with a cAMP analogue or activation of A2a/2b adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	151-160	forkhead box O1	Homo sapiens	22-27
32375544-8	2020	Exogenous AMP induced FOXO1 nuclear localization in ACDC but not in control cells, and this was prevented with a cAMP analogue or activation of A2a/2b adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	151-160	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	52-56
33552476-5	2020	In the present opinion article, we highlight evidence that IR activity and free intracellular Ca 2+ concentration [Ca 2+] i form a double-negative regulatory feedback loop controlling insulin sensitivity, in which mitochondria play a key role, being involved in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and IR activation.	Adenosine	262-271	insulin	Homo sapiens	184-191
32572457-3	2020	Metformin, a commonly used oral antidiabetic drug, is known to elicit its action through 5" adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a cellular metabolic regulator; however, its effect on Kir4.1 channels is unknown.	Adenosine	92-101	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	142-146
31804607-9	2020	Mechanistically, DANCR is modified at N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and mutagenesis assay identified that adenosine at 664 of DANCR is critical to the interaction between IGF2BP2 and DANCR where IGF2BP2 serves a reader for m6A modified DANCR and stabilizes DANCR RNA.	Adenosine	47-56	differentiation antagonizing non-protein coding RNA	Homo sapiens	17-22
31804607-9	2020	Mechanistically, DANCR is modified at N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and mutagenesis assay identified that adenosine at 664 of DANCR is critical to the interaction between IGF2BP2 and DANCR where IGF2BP2 serves a reader for m6A modified DANCR and stabilizes DANCR RNA.	Adenosine	47-56	insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	166-173
31804607-9	2020	Mechanistically, DANCR is modified at N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and mutagenesis assay identified that adenosine at 664 of DANCR is critical to the interaction between IGF2BP2 and DANCR where IGF2BP2 serves a reader for m6A modified DANCR and stabilizes DANCR RNA.	Adenosine	47-56	insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	190-197
32523631-1	2020	The use of targeted therapeutics known as poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in the management of ovarian cancer is currently transforming clinical practice.	Adenosine	47-56	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	89-93
32523687-4	2020	We have previously shown that sustained adenosine exposure activates p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinases in mitochondria.	Adenosine	40-49	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	69-72
32523687-5	2020	Here, we show that activation of p38 and JNK partially contributed to sustained adenosine-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.	Adenosine	80-89	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	33-36
32523687-5	2020	Here, we show that activation of p38 and JNK partially contributed to sustained adenosine-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.	Adenosine	80-89	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	41-44
32509171-6	2020	Then, the mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia were assayed to evaluate the function of the caveolin 1-Recombinant Human Ras-Related C1/nicotinamide adenosine diphosphate oxidase 2-NR2B gene (Cav-1-Rac1/NOX2-NR2B) signaling pathway.	Adenosine	148-157	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	91-101
32494183-3	2020	Accumulating evidence has shown that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/sirtuin 1 (AMPK/SIRT1) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the development of depression.	Adenosine	37-46	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	97-101
32494183-3	2020	Accumulating evidence has shown that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/sirtuin 1 (AMPK/SIRT1) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the development of depression.	Adenosine	37-46	sirtuin 1	Rattus norvegicus	102-107
32507359-3	2020	Genetic alterations in GNAS, PRKAR1A, PRKACA, PRKACB, PDE11A, and PDE8B, that lead to aberrant cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein (cAMP) kinase A signaling, were found to play a major role in the development of benign cortisol-producing adrenocortical tumors and/or hyperplasias, whereas genetic defects in KCNJ5, ATP1A1, ATP2B3, CACNA1D, CACNA1H, and CLCN2 were implicated in the development of benign aldosterone-producing tumors and/or hyperplasias through modification of intracellular calcium signaling.	Adenosine	102-111	GNAS complex locus	Homo sapiens	23-27
32392309-2	2020	Retinoschisin specifically interacts with the retinal sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na/K-ATPase), a transmembrane ion pump.	Adenosine	71-80	retinoschisis (X-linked, juvenile) 1 (human)	Mus musculus	0-13
32376767-3	2020	Pharmacological perturbation of RUVBL2 with the adenosine analog compound cordycepin resulted in a rapid-onset 12-hour clock phase-shift phenotype at human cell, mouse tissue, and whole-animal live imaging levels.	Adenosine	48-57	RuvB like AAA ATPase 2	Homo sapiens	32-38
32372391-11	2020	Acetyl-CoA and adenosine 5"-monophosphate were strongly correlated with CCRN4L (0.90 <= r <= 0.92), indicating a strong correlation between the changes in SDEGs and these metabolites.	Adenosine	15-24	nocturnin	Bos taurus	72-78
32507359-3	2020	Genetic alterations in GNAS, PRKAR1A, PRKACA, PRKACB, PDE11A, and PDE8B, that lead to aberrant cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein (cAMP) kinase A signaling, were found to play a major role in the development of benign cortisol-producing adrenocortical tumors and/or hyperplasias, whereas genetic defects in KCNJ5, ATP1A1, ATP2B3, CACNA1D, CACNA1H, and CLCN2 were implicated in the development of benign aldosterone-producing tumors and/or hyperplasias through modification of intracellular calcium signaling.	Adenosine	102-111	ATPase plasma membrane Ca2+ transporting 3	Homo sapiens	326-332
32141895-5	2020	RECENT FINDINGS: Initial studies showed that elevated soluble CD73 (sCD73, converts AMP to adenosine) results in increased circulating adenosine that activates the A2B adenosine receptor (ADORA2B).	Adenosine	91-100	adenosine A2b receptor	Homo sapiens	188-195
32141895-5	2020	RECENT FINDINGS: Initial studies showed that elevated soluble CD73 (sCD73, converts AMP to adenosine) results in increased circulating adenosine that activates the A2B adenosine receptor (ADORA2B).	Adenosine	135-144	adenosine A2b receptor	Homo sapiens	188-195
31820090-0	2020	Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists lead to increased adenosine bioavailability and modulate contractile cardiac parameters.	Adenosine	57-66	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-26
31820090-1	2020	Activation of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) is cardioprotective; however, this property is lost upon blockade or inactivation of adenosine (ADO) receptor A2b.	Adenosine	145-154	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 2	Rattus norvegicus	14-40
31820090-1	2020	Activation of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) is cardioprotective; however, this property is lost upon blockade or inactivation of adenosine (ADO) receptor A2b.	Adenosine	156-159	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 2	Rattus norvegicus	14-40
31898347-2	2020	Notably, CFIm25, CPSF73 and PAP have essential roles for poly(A) site selection, mRNA cleavage and adenosine residues polymerization.	Adenosine	99-108	cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 3	Homo sapiens	17-23
32115365-6	2020	LH enhanced hippocampal phosphate-AMPK, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphate-cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) in OBX mice.	Adenosine	102-111	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	160-164
32409420-12	2020	Blocking the adenosine pathway in vivo with a combination of Sodium polyoxotungstate (POM-1), anti-CD73, and the A2AR antagonist AZD4635 activated immune cells, increased interferon gamma production, and reduced the tumor load in a murine model of MM.	Adenosine	13-22	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	171-187
32411098-0	2020	A 2 Adenosine Receptors Mediate Whole-Body Insulin Sensitivity in a Prediabetes Animal Model: Primary Effects on Skeletal Muscle.	Adenosine	4-13	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
32365642-7	2020	The function of microglia is regulated by a whole array of purinergic receptors classified as P2Y12, P2Y6, P2Y4, P2X4, P2X7, A2A, and A3, as targets of endogenous ATP, ADP, or adenosine.	Adenosine	176-185	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y4	Homo sapiens	107-111
32411098-15	2020	A2 adenosine antagonists restored impaired insulin signaling in the skeletal muscle of HSu rats, but did not affect liver or adipose insulin signaling.	Adenosine	3-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
32411098-16	2020	Our results show that adenosine receptors exert opposite effects on insulin sensitivity, in control and insulin resistant states and strongly suggest that A2 adenosine receptors in the skeletal muscle are the majors responsible for whole-body insulin sensitivity.	Adenosine	22-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
32411098-4	2020	Here, we investigated the subtypes of adenosine receptors involved on the effects of chronic caffeine intake on insulin sensitivity and the mechanisms and sex differences behind this effect.	Adenosine	38-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	112-119
32411098-16	2020	Our results show that adenosine receptors exert opposite effects on insulin sensitivity, in control and insulin resistant states and strongly suggest that A2 adenosine receptors in the skeletal muscle are the majors responsible for whole-body insulin sensitivity.	Adenosine	22-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	104-111
32411098-16	2020	Our results show that adenosine receptors exert opposite effects on insulin sensitivity, in control and insulin resistant states and strongly suggest that A2 adenosine receptors in the skeletal muscle are the majors responsible for whole-body insulin sensitivity.	Adenosine	22-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	104-111
32467879-3	2020	Integrating previous findings, we determine that most doses of sildenafil (especially low doses) likely activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC1alpha) via protein kinase G-mediated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and/or Sirtuin-1 activation and PGC1alpha deacetylation.	Adenosine	230-239	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	113-180
32411098-16	2020	Our results show that adenosine receptors exert opposite effects on insulin sensitivity, in control and insulin resistant states and strongly suggest that A2 adenosine receptors in the skeletal muscle are the majors responsible for whole-body insulin sensitivity.	Adenosine	158-167	insulin	Homo sapiens	104-111
32411098-16	2020	Our results show that adenosine receptors exert opposite effects on insulin sensitivity, in control and insulin resistant states and strongly suggest that A2 adenosine receptors in the skeletal muscle are the majors responsible for whole-body insulin sensitivity.	Adenosine	158-167	insulin	Homo sapiens	104-111
32331389-6	2020	The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome requires the activation by extracellular adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) of a specific purinergic receptor named P2X7 located in the target cells, although other pathways have been described.	Adenosine	82-91	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	22-27
32331389-6	2020	The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome requires the activation by extracellular adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) of a specific purinergic receptor named P2X7 located in the target cells, although other pathways have been described.	Adenosine	82-91	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	152-156
32467879-3	2020	Integrating previous findings, we determine that most doses of sildenafil (especially low doses) likely activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC1alpha) via protein kinase G-mediated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and/or Sirtuin-1 activation and PGC1alpha deacetylation.	Adenosine	230-239	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	182-191
32283836-4	2020	Furthermore, this cotreatment promoted the cleavages of poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and induced caspase 8 activation compared to TRAIL or EGCG alone in SW480 and HCT116 cells.	Adenosine	62-71	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	104-108
32373648-5	2020	CFTR encodes a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent, phosphorylation-regulated chloride channel required for transport of chloride and other ions through cell membranes.	Adenosine	22-31	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
32275689-8	2020	We found that both types of EV from IFN-gamma treated D3H2LN cells and non-treated D3H2LN cells contained adenosine, which has immunosuppressive effects.	Adenosine	106-115	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	36-45
32275755-2	2020	It has been proposed that increased expression of the enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK) may drive hypofunction of the adenosine system.	Adenosine	61-70	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
32213945-2	2020	There are four subtypes of adenosine receptors, described as A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR, and A3AR, which are the center of cAMP signal pathway-based drug development.	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	85-89
31721163-0	2020	beta3 adrenoceptor-induced cholinergic bladder inhibition involves EPAC1 and PKC favoring ENT1-mediated adenosine outflow from the human and rat detrusor.	Adenosine	104-113	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	77-80
31638096-0	2020	Long-term adenosine A1 receptor activation-induced sortilin expression promotes alpha-synuclein upregulation in dopaminergic neurons.	Adenosine	10-19	sortilin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-59
32368391-1	2020	Poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors benefit a small percentage of ovarian cancer patients with homologous recombination (HR) deficiency (HRD), which greatly limits the applications of PARP inhibitors.	Adenosine	6-15	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
32003485-8	2020	Results of molecular docking studies suggested that compounds 6m and 6n can bind to the hinge region of the adenosine triphosphate-binding site of EGFR kinase, like the standard drug erlotinib.	Adenosine	108-117	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	147-151
31884043-5	2020	Excessive joint motion and shockwave trauma are deleterious to cartilage homeostasis due to HIF-1alpha overexpression, resulting in disproportionate ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 production, adenosine accumulation and superfluous A2B receptors activation.	Adenosine	187-196	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	92-102
31978612-3	2020	In the present study, we have aimed to investigate the influence of A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) activation on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-23 (IL-23) expression and secretion by monocyte-generated macrophages of AS patients.	Adenosine	72-81	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	113-140
31978612-3	2020	In the present study, we have aimed to investigate the influence of A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) activation on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-23 (IL-23) expression and secretion by monocyte-generated macrophages of AS patients.	Adenosine	72-81	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	142-151
31958564-8	2020	Meanwhile, lncRNA CASC2 decreased the adenosine metabolism related proteins expression of p38, Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) and Adenosine Kinase (ADK).	Adenosine	38-47	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-133
31958564-8	2020	Meanwhile, lncRNA CASC2 decreased the adenosine metabolism related proteins expression of p38, Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) and Adenosine Kinase (ADK).	Adenosine	38-47	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	135-139
31958564-8	2020	Meanwhile, lncRNA CASC2 decreased the adenosine metabolism related proteins expression of p38, Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) and Adenosine Kinase (ADK).	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	145-161
31958564-8	2020	Meanwhile, lncRNA CASC2 decreased the adenosine metabolism related proteins expression of p38, Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) and Adenosine Kinase (ADK).	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	163-166
31638096-13	2020	Long-term adenosine A1 receptor activation levels upregulated alpha-synuclein expression at the post-transcriptional level by affecting sortilin expression.	Adenosine	10-19	sortilin 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-144
31638096-16	2020	Our findings indicate that suppression of prolonged adenosine A1 receptor activation potently inhibited sortilin expression and alpha-synuclein accumulation, and dramatically improved host cognition and kineticism.	Adenosine	52-61	sortilin 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-112
32331917-1	2020	Adenylosuccinate synthase (ADSSL1) is a muscle specific enzyme involved in the purine nucleotide cycle and responsible for the conversion of inosine monophosphate to adenosine monophosphate.	Adenosine	166-175	adenylosuccinate synthase 2	Homo sapiens	0-25
31941663-1	2020	Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing is an essential post-transcriptional modification catalyzed by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR)1 and ADAR2 in mammals.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1	Mus musculus	142-147
31994358-0	2020	Upregulation of AMPA receptor GluA1 phosphorylation by blocking adenosine A1 receptors in the male rat forebrain.	Adenosine	64-73	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-35
32518657-4	2020	Methods: Ten subjects were analysed for changes in vWF by measuring HMWMs and closure time with adenosine diphosphate (CT-ADP).	Adenosine	96-105	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	51-54
32382474-5	2020	The catalytic activity of 2-aminoglycoside phosphotransferase (APH (2""))-a modifying enzyme-is demonstrated to be obviously inhibited via detecting the consumption of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the catalytic reaction.	Adenosine	168-177	acylaminoacyl-peptide hydrolase	Homo sapiens	63-66
32132571-0	2020	Author Correction: Deficient Insulin-mediated Upregulation of the Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 2 Contributes to Chronically Increased Adenosine in Diabetic Glomerulopathy.	Adenosine	142-151	insulin	Homo sapiens	29-36
32132571-0	2020	Author Correction: Deficient Insulin-mediated Upregulation of the Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 2 Contributes to Chronically Increased Adenosine in Diabetic Glomerulopathy.	Adenosine	142-151	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	66-104
31994358-11	2020	CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that adenosine A1 receptors maintain an inhibitory tone on GluA1 S845 phosphorylation under normal conditions.	Adenosine	40-49	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-99
31792360-6	2020	Utilizing loss- and gain-of-function approaches, as well as murine and human colonoids, we demonstrate that Ado-induced SLC26A3 promotes an adaptive IECs phenotype that buffers local pH during active inflammation.	Adenosine	108-111	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	120-127
31971473-3	2020	In contrast, severe AIH elicits pMF by an adenosine-dependent mechanism that requires EPAC, Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity, followed by new TrkB protein synthesis; this same pathway is also initiated by Gs protein-coupled serotonin 7 receptors (5-HT7).	Adenosine	42-51	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	92-95
31971473-3	2020	In contrast, severe AIH elicits pMF by an adenosine-dependent mechanism that requires EPAC, Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity, followed by new TrkB protein synthesis; this same pathway is also initiated by Gs protein-coupled serotonin 7 receptors (5-HT7).	Adenosine	42-51	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	100-129
31971473-3	2020	In contrast, severe AIH elicits pMF by an adenosine-dependent mechanism that requires EPAC, Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity, followed by new TrkB protein synthesis; this same pathway is also initiated by Gs protein-coupled serotonin 7 receptors (5-HT7).	Adenosine	42-51	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	131-135
31930569-4	2020	Utilizing a pharmacologic approach to reduce placental adenosine levels, we found that enhanced adenosine underlies increased placental HIF-1alpha in an angiotensin receptor type 1 receptor agonistic autoantibody (AT1 -AA)-induced mouse model of PE.	Adenosine	96-105	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Mus musculus	214-217
31812775-5	2020	TQ (100-300 nM) blocked ~50% of the adenosine-mediated membrane potential hyperpolarisation of hippocampal CA1 and CA2 neurons.	Adenosine	36-45	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	115-118
32146607-2	2020	Under pathological conditions, high concentrations of the purinergic receptor agonist adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are released into the extracellular space leading to the activation of the purinergic P2X7 receptor, which in turn can initiate signaling cascades.	Adenosine	86-95	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	201-214
32184726-10	2020	Knockdown of CaM in HD T cells decreased KCa3.1 activity, but not IFNgamma production, and reduced their chemotaxis in the presence of adenosine, thus recapitulating HNSCC T cell dysfunction.	Adenosine	135-144	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	13-16
32184726-11	2020	Activation of KCa3.1 with 1-EBIO restored the ability of CaM knockdown HD T cells to chemotax in the presence of adenosine.	Adenosine	113-122	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	57-60
32084275-7	2020	Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) and adiponectin induce expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and extracellular matrix proteins through activation of Smad3 and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathways, respectively.	Adenosine	175-184	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-33
32092870-7	2020	The ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) activity of the ABCB1 transporter in the presence or absence of WYE-354 was conducted in order to determine the impact of WYE-354 on ATP hydrolysis.	Adenosine	12-21	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	54-59
32084275-7	2020	Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) and adiponectin induce expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and extracellular matrix proteins through activation of Smad3 and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathways, respectively.	Adenosine	175-184	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	35-44
32084275-7	2020	Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) and adiponectin induce expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and extracellular matrix proteins through activation of Smad3 and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathways, respectively.	Adenosine	175-184	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	50-61
32116704-2	2020	Therefore, we hypothesized that Cyp2j5-gene deletion affects acetylcholine- and 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) (adenosine)-induced relaxation and their response is partially inhibited by angiotensin-II (Ang-II) in mice.	Adenosine	101-110	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	210-216
32032283-0	2020	MicroRNA-338-5p alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by targeting connective tissue growth factor through the adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway.	Adenosine	121-130	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	173-202
32116704-2	2020	Therefore, we hypothesized that Cyp2j5-gene deletion affects acetylcholine- and 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) (adenosine)-induced relaxation and their response is partially inhibited by angiotensin-II (Ang-II) in mice.	Adenosine	101-110	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	194-208
31800264-2	2020	CF is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cyclic AMP-regulated Cl- channel controlled in part by the adenosine A2B receptor.	Adenosine	141-150	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	33-71
31800264-2	2020	CF is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cyclic AMP-regulated Cl- channel controlled in part by the adenosine A2B receptor.	Adenosine	141-150	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	73-77
32028718-2	2020	Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) can inhibit transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) mediated EMT.	Adenosine	7-16	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	50-82
32028718-2	2020	Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) can inhibit transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) mediated EMT.	Adenosine	7-16	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	84-93
32032283-7	2020	More importantly, miR-338-5p affected the adenosine 5$-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway by regulating CTGF expression in Neuro-2a cells exposed to H/R.	Adenosine	42-51	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	107-136
32032283-7	2020	More importantly, miR-338-5p affected the adenosine 5$-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway by regulating CTGF expression in Neuro-2a cells exposed to H/R.	Adenosine	42-51	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	138-142
31973708-1	2020	BACKGROUND: It has been hypothesized that heteromers of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) and cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1R) localized in glutamatergic nerve terminals mediate the integration of adenosine and endocannabinoid signaling involved in the modulation of striatal excitatory neurotransmission.	Adenosine	56-65	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	118-122
30699363-4	2020	Adenosine kinase is the major regulator of adenosine levels.	Adenosine	43-52	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
31787333-6	2020	The adenosine in the spheroids effectively stimulated A2bR (1.768 +- 0.08) signaling, which further significantly induced the expression of osteogenic markers such as Runx2 (3.216 +- 0.25), OPN (4.136 +- 0.14), OCN (10.16 +- 0.34), and OSX (2.27 +- 0.11) with improved mineral deposition (1.375 +- 0.05 mug per spheroid).	Adenosine	4-13	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	167-172
31787333-6	2020	The adenosine in the spheroids effectively stimulated A2bR (1.768 +- 0.08) signaling, which further significantly induced the expression of osteogenic markers such as Runx2 (3.216 +- 0.25), OPN (4.136 +- 0.14), OCN (10.16 +- 0.34), and OSX (2.27 +- 0.11) with improved mineral deposition (1.375 +- 0.05 mug per spheroid).	Adenosine	4-13	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Homo sapiens	211-214
31751618-2	2020	Adenosine is an endogenous immunomodulator, whose brain extracellular level is tightly controlled by equilibrative nucleoside transporters-1 (ENT1) and ENT2.	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 2	Mus musculus	152-156
31751618-5	2020	Ent2-/- mice displayed higher extracellular adenosine level in the hippocampus than their littermate controls.	Adenosine	44-53	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 2	Mus musculus	0-4
31751618-8	2020	These findings suggest that Ent2 is critical for the modulation of brain adenosine tone and deletion of Ent2 confers protection against LPS-induced neuroinflammation and neurovascular-associated injury.	Adenosine	73-82	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 2	Mus musculus	28-32
32062795-3	2020	METHODS: Platelet surface expression of P-selectin and activated glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), the toll-like receptor (TLR)-1/2 agonist Pam3CSK4, the TLR-4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 agonist SFLLRN, and the PAR-4 agonist AYPGKF were measured by flow cytometry in blood from 80 ticagrelor- and 80 prasugrel-treated ACS patients on day 3 after percutaneous coronary intervention.	Adenosine	107-116	coagulation factor II thrombin receptor	Homo sapiens	235-270
31633292-4	2020	Treatment with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor AZD8055, the phosphorylation level of mTOR and P70S6K reduced and increased levels of p-AMPK meaning that the adenosine-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR/P70S6K pathway is involved in SBA-15 induced autophagy of HT22.	Adenosine	176-185	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	19-48
31633292-4	2020	Treatment with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor AZD8055, the phosphorylation level of mTOR and P70S6K reduced and increased levels of p-AMPK meaning that the adenosine-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR/P70S6K pathway is involved in SBA-15 induced autophagy of HT22.	Adenosine	176-185	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	50-54
31633292-4	2020	Treatment with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor AZD8055, the phosphorylation level of mTOR and P70S6K reduced and increased levels of p-AMPK meaning that the adenosine-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR/P70S6K pathway is involved in SBA-15 induced autophagy of HT22.	Adenosine	176-185	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	104-108
31633292-4	2020	Treatment with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor AZD8055, the phosphorylation level of mTOR and P70S6K reduced and increased levels of p-AMPK meaning that the adenosine-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR/P70S6K pathway is involved in SBA-15 induced autophagy of HT22.	Adenosine	176-185	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	104-108
32039239-6	2019	Since G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are target of forty percent of clinically used drugs, here we discuss the newly identified cardioprotective agents that bind GPCRs of adrenalin, adenosine, melatonin, ghrelin, galanin, apelin, prokineticin and cannabidiol.	Adenosine	187-196	apelin	Homo sapiens	227-233
31347162-0	2020	CD73-dependent adenosine dampens interleukin 1beta-induced CXCL8 production in gingival fibroblasts: Association with heme oxygenase-1 and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase.	Adenosine	15-24	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	33-50
31347162-0	2020	CD73-dependent adenosine dampens interleukin 1beta-induced CXCL8 production in gingival fibroblasts: Association with heme oxygenase-1 and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase.	Adenosine	15-24	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	59-64
31347162-7	2020	The effect of eATP degradation to adenosine on CXCL8 levels was investigated using agonist and antagonist of adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	34-43	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	47-52
31347162-11	2020	CONCLUSIONS: CD73-generated adenosine dampens IL-1beta-induced CXCL8 in HGFs and involves HO-1 and pAMPK signaling.	Adenosine	28-37	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	46-54
31347162-11	2020	CONCLUSIONS: CD73-generated adenosine dampens IL-1beta-induced CXCL8 in HGFs and involves HO-1 and pAMPK signaling.	Adenosine	28-37	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	63-68
32115912-3	2020	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-gated P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) plays a pivotal role in non-diabetic neuropathic pain, but little is known about its effects on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced peripheral neuropathy.	Adenosine	0-9	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	35-48
32115912-3	2020	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-gated P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) plays a pivotal role in non-diabetic neuropathic pain, but little is known about its effects on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced peripheral neuropathy.	Adenosine	0-9	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	50-55
31915322-0	2020	Midkine Inhibits Cholesterol Efflux by Decreasing ATP-Binding Membrane Cassette Transport Protein A1 via Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling in Macrophages.	Adenosine	105-114	midkine	Homo sapiens	0-7
31915322-8	2020	Additionally, intervention of adenosine monophosphate activated protein (AMPK)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling molecule by the AMPK activator, AICAR, increased p-AMPK and ABCA1 expression, decreased p-mTOR expression and promoted cholesterol efflux, resulting in an obvious reduction in intracellular lipid content.	Adenosine	30-39	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	79-108
31915322-8	2020	Additionally, intervention of adenosine monophosphate activated protein (AMPK)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling molecule by the AMPK activator, AICAR, increased p-AMPK and ABCA1 expression, decreased p-mTOR expression and promoted cholesterol efflux, resulting in an obvious reduction in intracellular lipid content.	Adenosine	30-39	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	110-114
31915322-8	2020	Additionally, intervention of adenosine monophosphate activated protein (AMPK)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling molecule by the AMPK activator, AICAR, increased p-AMPK and ABCA1 expression, decreased p-mTOR expression and promoted cholesterol efflux, resulting in an obvious reduction in intracellular lipid content.	Adenosine	30-39	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	216-220
31978345-3	2020	We report that FAMIN phosphorolytically cleaves adenosine into adenine and ribose-1-phosphate.	Adenosine	48-57	laccase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	15-20
31978345-6	2020	FAMIN enables in macrophages a purine nucleotide cycle (PNC) between adenosine and inosine monophosphate and adenylosuccinate, which consumes aspartate and releases fumarate in a manner involving fatty acid oxidation and ATP-citrate lyase activity.	Adenosine	69-78	laccase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
31973708-1	2020	BACKGROUND: It has been hypothesized that heteromers of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) and cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1R) localized in glutamatergic nerve terminals mediate the integration of adenosine and endocannabinoid signaling involved in the modulation of striatal excitatory neurotransmission.	Adenosine	194-203	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	103-106
31973708-1	2020	BACKGROUND: It has been hypothesized that heteromers of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) and cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1R) localized in glutamatergic nerve terminals mediate the integration of adenosine and endocannabinoid signaling involved in the modulation of striatal excitatory neurotransmission.	Adenosine	194-203	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	118-122
32009879-6	2019	In mammals, adenosine is converted to inosine by the deamination enzymes ADAR1 and ADAR2.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1	Mus musculus	83-88
31614287-8	2020	Transcriptional analyses of ADO-treated cumulus cells revealed that NRP1, RELN, MAN1A1, THRA and GATM were up-regulated.	Adenosine	28-31	thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Bos taurus	88-92
31893407-3	2020	Severe hypoxia is often associated with other detrimental conditions in the TME as a consequence of hypoxia-/HIF-1alpha-induced (with/without oncogene-direction and/or reciprocal interaction of cancer cells with TME cells) metabolic re-programming, exorbitant extracellular adenosine (ADO) generation and VEGF overexpression/VEGF-R activation.	Adenosine	274-283	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	109-119
31893407-3	2020	Severe hypoxia is often associated with other detrimental conditions in the TME as a consequence of hypoxia-/HIF-1alpha-induced (with/without oncogene-direction and/or reciprocal interaction of cancer cells with TME cells) metabolic re-programming, exorbitant extracellular adenosine (ADO) generation and VEGF overexpression/VEGF-R activation.	Adenosine	285-288	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	109-119
32907379-0	2020	8-Chloro-Adenosine Inhibits Proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 Breast Cancer Cells by Regulating ADAR1/p53 Signaling Pathway.	Adenosine	9-18	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	108-111
31634453-3	2020	Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether the activation of adenosine receptors improves convulsions outcome in carbamazepine (CBZ) resistant animals and modulates the protein levels of efflux transporters (P-GP, MRP1, MRP2) in brain capillaries.	Adenosine	61-70	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Rattus norvegicus	208-212
31806266-0	2020	Selenium bioisosteric replacement of adenosine derivatives promoting adiponectin secretion increases the binding affinity to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta.	Adenosine	37-46	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	69-80
31633474-6	2020	Consequently, adenosine is negatively regulated by adenosine kinase through the astrocyte-based cycle.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	51-67
31633474-7	2020	On the other hand, focal adenosine augmentation therapy, using adenosine kinase inhibitor, has been proved to be effective for reducing seizures in both animal models and in vitro human brain tissue resected from a variety of etiology of refractory epilepsy patients.	Adenosine	25-34	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	63-79
32294028-2	2020	Based on previous studies showing a critical role for the adenosine A2B receptor (ADORA2B) in PER2 regulation, we hypothesized that hippocampal ADORA2B is crucial for cognitive function.	Adenosine	58-67	period circadian clock 2	Mus musculus	94-98
31802389-8	2020	Levels of both CD39+ T cells infiltration and adenosine receptor ADORA2B expression in tumor tissues were negatively correlated with overall survival of patients with HCC.	Adenosine	46-55	adenosine A2b receptor	Homo sapiens	65-72
31914637-7	2020	Mutagenesis of adenosines at 5"-UTR of SMPD1 mRNAs actually decreased protein levels in luciferase assay.	Adenosine	15-25	sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	39-44
31786982-2	2020	We observed elevated adenosine and A2AR levels following infusion of mice with Ang II (angiotensin II), suggesting a potential role for the adenosine-A2AR system in macrophage accumulation and subsequent aortic remodeling.	Adenosine	21-30	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	79-85
31786976-13	2020	Adenosine attenuates neointima formation in part by inhibiting infiltration and proliferation of c-Kit+ P-SMCs.	Adenosine	0-9	KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	97-102
31786982-2	2020	We observed elevated adenosine and A2AR levels following infusion of mice with Ang II (angiotensin II), suggesting a potential role for the adenosine-A2AR system in macrophage accumulation and subsequent aortic remodeling.	Adenosine	140-149	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	79-85
31199578-11	2020	Furthermore, GLP-1 treatment upregulated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activity in high-glucose-induced cardiomyocyte.	Adenosine	41-50	glucagon	Homo sapiens	13-18
31199578-13	2020	The cardiac protection of GLP-1 might be dependent on inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1/p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase, through an adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-mediated pathway.	Adenosine	152-161	glucagon	Homo sapiens	26-31
31661702-9	2020	Glomerular and proximal tubule injury were associated with impaired autophagy flux, and distal tubule injury may be associated with downregulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/PKA/AKT signaling.	Adenosine	153-162	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	188-191
31714673-0	2020	Activation of adenosine A3 receptor inhibits inflammatory cytokine production in colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis by down-regulating the NF-kappaB signaling.	Adenosine	14-23	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	155-164
31714673-1	2020	OBJECTIVE: Activation of adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR) can regulate inflammation, but how A3AR activation regulates colonic mucosal inflammation in ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unclear.	Adenosine	25-34	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	48-52
31562799-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Niraparib, an inhibitor of poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP), has been associated with significantly increased progression-free survival among patients with recurrent ovarian cancer after platinum-based chemotherapy, regardless of the presence or absence of BRCA mutations.	Adenosine	44-53	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	92-96
31921385-2	2019	However, the role of adenosine kinase (ADK) in tumorigenesis remains unclear while it crucially regulates the removal and availability of adenosine.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	39-42
32966981-6	2020	Furthermore, AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) signaling was activated in the skeletal muscles, as evidenced by a higher expression of phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) and protein kinase B (p-AKT) in the HA/HFD group than in the LA/HFD group.	Adenosine	19-28	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	210-213
31792194-3	2019	We reveal that the target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase, a conserved central growth regulator, is essential for glucose- and nicotinamide-mediated control of the circadian period in Arabidopsis Nicotinamide affects the cytosolic adenosine triphosphate concentration, and blocks the effect of glucose-TOR energy signaling on period length adjustment, meristem activation, and root growth.	Adenosine	225-234	target of rapamycin	Arabidopsis thaliana	40-43
31930120-13	2019	Moreover, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and perforin generated by CD8+ T cells could also be inhibited through the adenosine A2aR pathway.	Adenosine	107-116	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	10-19
31722989-7	2019	Pharmacologic activation of both PKA and Epac pathways by specific cAMP analogues phenocopied the effects of adenosine signaling on murine DCs, such as suppression of proinflammatory cytokines, elevation of anti-inflammatory IL-10, increased expression of regulators of NF-kappaB pathway, and finally suppression of T cell activation.	Adenosine	109-118	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 3	Mus musculus	41-45
31930120-13	2019	Moreover, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and perforin generated by CD8+ T cells could also be inhibited through the adenosine A2aR pathway.	Adenosine	107-116	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	21-30
31722989-7	2019	Pharmacologic activation of both PKA and Epac pathways by specific cAMP analogues phenocopied the effects of adenosine signaling on murine DCs, such as suppression of proinflammatory cytokines, elevation of anti-inflammatory IL-10, increased expression of regulators of NF-kappaB pathway, and finally suppression of T cell activation.	Adenosine	109-118	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	225-230
31830392-2	2019	Two drugs have recently been authorized that can slow down the progression of the disease: Tolvaptan (vasopressin receptor antagonist) and Octreotide-LAR (long-acting somatostatin analogue); they both are able to reduce the activity of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and therefore have anti-proliferative and anti-secretory effects.	Adenosine	243-252	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type F	Homo sapiens	150-153
31915684-6	2019	Subsequently, the predicted adenosine biosynthesis pathway combined with qPCR and gene expression data of RNA-Seq indicated that the increased adenosine accumulation is a result of down-regulation of ndk, ADK, and APRT genes combined with up-regulation of AK gene.	Adenosine	28-37	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	205-208
31915684-6	2019	Subsequently, the predicted adenosine biosynthesis pathway combined with qPCR and gene expression data of RNA-Seq indicated that the increased adenosine accumulation is a result of down-regulation of ndk, ADK, and APRT genes combined with up-regulation of AK gene.	Adenosine	28-37	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	214-218
31915684-6	2019	Subsequently, the predicted adenosine biosynthesis pathway combined with qPCR and gene expression data of RNA-Seq indicated that the increased adenosine accumulation is a result of down-regulation of ndk, ADK, and APRT genes combined with up-regulation of AK gene.	Adenosine	143-152	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	205-208
31915684-6	2019	Subsequently, the predicted adenosine biosynthesis pathway combined with qPCR and gene expression data of RNA-Seq indicated that the increased adenosine accumulation is a result of down-regulation of ndk, ADK, and APRT genes combined with up-regulation of AK gene.	Adenosine	143-152	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	214-218
31769250-6	2019	Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay were applied to measure the expressions of miR-138, LPL, and the two adipogenic transcription factors cytidine-cytidine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Adenosine	202-211	CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha	Homo sapiens	254-264
31772626-0	2019	HIF-1alpha regulates A2B adenosine receptor expression in liver cancer cells.	Adenosine	25-34	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	0-10
31638299-4	2019	In the present study, the EGF-activation of EGF receptor (EGFR) induced cyclic adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in cumulus cells, and the interruption of CREB functional complex formation by naphthol AS-E phosphate (KG-501) completely blocked the EGF-stimulated expansion-related gene expression.	Adenosine	79-88	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	150-154
31817822-1	2019	Signalling by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) occurs via various effector proteins, notably protein kinase A and the guanine nucleotide exchange factors Epac1 and Epac2.	Adenosine	21-30	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4	Homo sapiens	169-174
31609050-5	2019	Assessment of the biological activity of designed 4"-spirocyclic adenosine analogues identified potent inhibitors for protein methyltransferase target PRMT5.	Adenosine	50-74	protein arginine methyltransferase 5	Homo sapiens	151-156
31727560-1	2019	BACKGROUNDS: C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 9 (CTRP9) has been suggested to exert an atheroprotective effect by modulating the inflammation, foam cell formation, endothelia and smooth muscle cell function via Adenosine Monophosphate Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) pathway.	Adenosine	220-229	C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 9	Mus musculus	13-56
31727560-1	2019	BACKGROUNDS: C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 9 (CTRP9) has been suggested to exert an atheroprotective effect by modulating the inflammation, foam cell formation, endothelia and smooth muscle cell function via Adenosine Monophosphate Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) pathway.	Adenosine	220-229	C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 9	Mus musculus	58-63
31875581-6	2019	Adenosine and its metabolically stable analogue, 2-chloroadenosine (CADO) significantly reduced matrix mineralization and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in HASMCs.	Adenosine	0-9	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	122-142
31875581-6	2019	Adenosine and its metabolically stable analogue, 2-chloroadenosine (CADO) significantly reduced matrix mineralization and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in HASMCs.	Adenosine	0-9	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	144-147
31875581-7	2019	The mRNA expression of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) was down-regulated by adenosine and CADO, but the mRNA expression of other osteoblastic differentiation markers, such as Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and bone sialoprotein (BSP)-II, was not significantly affected by these two reagents.	Adenosine	93-102	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	43-63
31875581-10	2019	Finally, knockdown of A3 AR, but not A1 AR, A2a AR, or A2b AR, significantly reversed the inhibitory actions of adenosine, CADO, or IB-MECA on in vitro calcification and ALP activities in HASMCs.	Adenosine	112-121	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	22-27
31875581-11	2019	These data suggest that adenosine attenuates HASMC calcification through A3 AR.	Adenosine	24-33	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	73-78
31769250-6	2019	Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay were applied to measure the expressions of miR-138, LPL, and the two adipogenic transcription factors cytidine-cytidine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Adenosine	202-211	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	270-318
31769250-6	2019	Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay were applied to measure the expressions of miR-138, LPL, and the two adipogenic transcription factors cytidine-cytidine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Adenosine	202-211	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	320-329
31807024-12	2019	Western blotting indicated that, the expression of Bax, cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase was up-regulated with the increase in adenosine concentration, while that of Bcl-2 protein and apoptosis-related protein caspase-3 was down-regulated.	Adenosine	153-162	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	51-54
32109988-0	2019	Adenosine Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Growth Through Regulating RhoGDI2 Protein Expression.	Adenosine	0-9	Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor beta	Homo sapiens	60-67
32109988-10	2019	Furthermore, molecular mechanism studies indicated that Ado remarkably inhibited the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, and CD31, while interference with RhoGDI2 restored the expression of the above-mentioned angiogenic factors.	Adenosine	56-59	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	113-117
32109988-10	2019	Furthermore, molecular mechanism studies indicated that Ado remarkably inhibited the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, and CD31, while interference with RhoGDI2 restored the expression of the above-mentioned angiogenic factors.	Adenosine	56-59	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	129-138
31609623-7	2019	In addition, key proteins involved in adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated gluconeogenesis [such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase)] were downregulated in GA-treated T2DM rats.	Adenosine	38-47	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	94-98
31533918-3	2019	Here we demonstrate that conditioning regimen-induced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release is a primary driver of MDSC dysfunction through ATP receptor (P2x7R) engagement and NLR pyrin family domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation.	Adenosine	54-63	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	139-151
31533918-3	2019	Here we demonstrate that conditioning regimen-induced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release is a primary driver of MDSC dysfunction through ATP receptor (P2x7R) engagement and NLR pyrin family domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation.	Adenosine	54-63	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	153-158
31807024-12	2019	Western blotting indicated that, the expression of Bax, cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase was up-regulated with the increase in adenosine concentration, while that of Bcl-2 protein and apoptosis-related protein caspase-3 was down-regulated.	Adenosine	153-162	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	64-73
31807024-12	2019	Western blotting indicated that, the expression of Bax, cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase was up-regulated with the increase in adenosine concentration, while that of Bcl-2 protein and apoptosis-related protein caspase-3 was down-regulated.	Adenosine	153-162	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	86-114
31807024-12	2019	Western blotting indicated that, the expression of Bax, cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase was up-regulated with the increase in adenosine concentration, while that of Bcl-2 protein and apoptosis-related protein caspase-3 was down-regulated.	Adenosine	153-162	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	236-245
31313387-2	2019	Its main mechanism of action has been related to the increase in extracellular adenosine, which leads to the effects of A2A receptor in M1 macrophages that dampens TNFalpha and IL12 production and increases IL1Ra and TNFRp75.	Adenosine	79-88	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	164-172
31722313-2	2019	ADAR2 regulates Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx through alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors via adenosine-to-inosine conversion at the glutamine/arginine site of GluA2 mRNA, which makes ADAR2 a key factor in acquired Ca<sup>2+</sup> resistance in motor neurons.	Adenosine	126-135	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1	Mus musculus	0-5
31722313-2	2019	ADAR2 regulates Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx through alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors via adenosine-to-inosine conversion at the glutamine/arginine site of GluA2 mRNA, which makes ADAR2 a key factor in acquired Ca<sup>2+</sup> resistance in motor neurons.	Adenosine	126-135	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1	Mus musculus	216-221
31535418-3	2019	Results showed that different PPARGC1A levels in rabbit zygotes could affect blastocyst percentage, and the expressions of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic-related genes, as well as the glutathione and adenosine triphosphate levels during early embryo development.	Adenosine	208-217	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	30-38
30953371-6	2019	Based on the presence of a mitochondrial target sequence in NOCT, we determined that mouse NOCT protein localizes to the mitochondria; subsequently, we found that NOCT overexpression led to a significant increase in the preadipocytes ability to utilize oxidative phosphorylation for ATP (adenosine triphosphate) generation.	Adenosine	288-297	nocturnin	Mus musculus	91-95
30953371-6	2019	Based on the presence of a mitochondrial target sequence in NOCT, we determined that mouse NOCT protein localizes to the mitochondria; subsequently, we found that NOCT overexpression led to a significant increase in the preadipocytes ability to utilize oxidative phosphorylation for ATP (adenosine triphosphate) generation.	Adenosine	288-297	nocturnin	Mus musculus	91-95
31496037-9	2019	TNF-alpha-treated HL-1 cells exhibited lower expression of PPAR-alpha, PPAR-delta, phosphorylated 5" adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-alpha2, phosphorylated acetyl CoA carboxylase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, PPAR-gamma coactivator 1-alpha and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 protein, but higher expression of PPAR-gamma, interleukin-6 and RAGE protein than control or combined NaHS and TNF-alpha-treated HL-1 cells.	Adenosine	101-110	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-9
31144362-3	2019	In this study, autophagy was markedly inhibited by low concentration of adenosine, which present by not only inhibited transformation from LC3-I to LC3-II and autophagosomes formation, but also the elevation of mTOR and reduction of beclin-1 proteins.	Adenosine	72-81	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	211-215
31494223-7	2019	In this review, we summarize the differential role of adenosine signaling cascade in acute and chronic pain with a major focus on recent studies revealing adenosine ADORA2B receptor activation in the pathology of chronic pain.	Adenosine	54-63	adenosine A2b receptor	Homo sapiens	165-172
31601268-8	2019	The influence of Ado/AdoR on the PKA and mTOR pathways was evaluated by phosphoflow staining of p-CREB and p-S6, respectively, and validated by western blot.	Adenosine	17-20	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	41-45
31652622-0	2019	Amino-3,5-Dicyanopyridines Targeting the Adenosine Receptors Ranging from Pan Ligands to Combined A1/A2B Partial Agonists.	Adenosine	41-50	BCL2 related protein A1	Homo sapiens	98-104
31135072-9	2019	Meanwhile, simultaneous inhibition of SP1 and HIF1alpha effectively reduced the expression of CD39, CD73, adenosine, and VEGF on HMEC-1 under hypoxic conditions.	Adenosine	106-115	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	46-55
31135072-11	2019	Simultaneous inhibition of SP1 and HIF1alpha effectively decreased the activity of HMEC-1 under hypoxic conditions through the CD39-CD73-adenosine and VEGF angiogenesis pathways.	Adenosine	137-146	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	35-44
31144362-0	2019	LncRNA MEG3 contributes to adenosine-induced cytotoxicity in hepatoma HepG2 cells by downregulated ILF3 and autophagy inhibition via regulation PI3K-AKT-mTOR and beclin-1 signaling pathway.	Adenosine	27-36	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	149-152
31144362-0	2019	LncRNA MEG3 contributes to adenosine-induced cytotoxicity in hepatoma HepG2 cells by downregulated ILF3 and autophagy inhibition via regulation PI3K-AKT-mTOR and beclin-1 signaling pathway.	Adenosine	27-36	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	153-157
31144362-5	2019	Novelly and excitingly, adenosine markedly stimulated MEG3 expression, OE MEG3 markedly decreased the ILF3 expression in HepG2 cells, and the adenosine-induced autophagy inhibition, together with the ratio of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and p-mTOR/mTOR were also boosted by OE MEG3.	Adenosine	142-151	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	224-227
31144362-5	2019	Novelly and excitingly, adenosine markedly stimulated MEG3 expression, OE MEG3 markedly decreased the ILF3 expression in HepG2 cells, and the adenosine-induced autophagy inhibition, together with the ratio of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and p-mTOR/mTOR were also boosted by OE MEG3.	Adenosine	142-151	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	228-231
31144362-5	2019	Novelly and excitingly, adenosine markedly stimulated MEG3 expression, OE MEG3 markedly decreased the ILF3 expression in HepG2 cells, and the adenosine-induced autophagy inhibition, together with the ratio of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and p-mTOR/mTOR were also boosted by OE MEG3.	Adenosine	142-151	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	239-243
31144362-5	2019	Novelly and excitingly, adenosine markedly stimulated MEG3 expression, OE MEG3 markedly decreased the ILF3 expression in HepG2 cells, and the adenosine-induced autophagy inhibition, together with the ratio of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and p-mTOR/mTOR were also boosted by OE MEG3.	Adenosine	142-151	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	244-248
31144362-7	2019	The present study demonstrates autophagy inhibition is involved in the adenosine-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells, the cytotoxicity can be synergized by OE MEG3 via downregulated ILF3 to activate PI3K/Akt/mTOR and inactivate the beclin-1 signaling pathway.	Adenosine	71-80	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	204-207
31144362-7	2019	The present study demonstrates autophagy inhibition is involved in the adenosine-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells, the cytotoxicity can be synergized by OE MEG3 via downregulated ILF3 to activate PI3K/Akt/mTOR and inactivate the beclin-1 signaling pathway.	Adenosine	71-80	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	208-212
31495718-0	2019	Augmenting the therapeutic efficacy of adenosine against pancreatic cancer by switching the Akt/p21-dependent senescence to apoptosis.	Adenosine	39-48	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	92-95
31145970-6	2019	Further study revealed that mRNA and protein expression of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 (ADAR2), an enzyme catalyze RNA deamination of adenosine to inosine was increased in the brains of urease-treated mice and in ammonium-treated cultured astrocytes.	Adenosine	59-68	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1	Mus musculus	96-101
31370073-7	2019	ATRA inhibited platelet aggregation and adenosine triphosphate release induced by collagen (5 mug/mL) or thrombin (0.05 U/mL) in a dose-dependent manner without affecting P-selectin expression or surface levels of glycoprotein (GP) Ibalpha, GPVI, or alphaIIbbeta3.	Adenosine	40-49	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	105-113
30833707-2	2019	In addition to Gs signaling cascade mediated by these three 5-HT receptors, the ERK1/2 signaling which is dependent on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production and protein kinase A (PKA) activation downstream of Gs signaling has also been widely studied.	Adenosine	126-135	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	80-86
31387185-9	2019	The protein expression level of phospho-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) (Thr172) in HFD rat livers was lower than that in normal rat livers, whereas it increased in the liver of the DMC-treated rats; however, the protein expression level of total-AMPK in the liver was not different among the groups.	Adenosine	40-49	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	92-96
31387185-9	2019	The protein expression level of phospho-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) (Thr172) in HFD rat livers was lower than that in normal rat livers, whereas it increased in the liver of the DMC-treated rats; however, the protein expression level of total-AMPK in the liver was not different among the groups.	Adenosine	40-49	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	273-277
31495718-8	2019	Adenosine treatment in combination with the Akt inhibitor, GSK690693, or the silencing of p21 to interfere with the Akt-p21 axis can switch the senescence-to-apoptosis signal and alleviate drug resistance.	Adenosine	0-9	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	44-47
31495718-8	2019	Adenosine treatment in combination with the Akt inhibitor, GSK690693, or the silencing of p21 to interfere with the Akt-p21 axis can switch the senescence-to-apoptosis signal and alleviate drug resistance.	Adenosine	0-9	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	116-119
31166001-3	2019	In solid tumors, extracellular microenvironment hypoxia induces the transcription of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) leading to synthesis of pro-angiogenic factor, VEGF; also, it increases extracellular adenosine production from ATP breakdown.	Adenosine	204-213	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	165-169
30468847-3	2019	Maladaptive changes in adenosine metabolism, in particular increased expression of the astroglial enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK), play a major role in epileptogenesis.	Adenosine	23-32	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	105-121
30468847-3	2019	Maladaptive changes in adenosine metabolism, in particular increased expression of the astroglial enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK), play a major role in epileptogenesis.	Adenosine	23-32	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	123-126
30468847-4	2019	Increased expression of ADK has dual roles in both reducing the inhibitory tone of adenosine in the brain, which consequently reduces the threshold for seizure generation, and also driving an increased flux of methyl-groups through the transmethylation pathway, thereby increasing global DNA methylation.	Adenosine	83-92	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	24-27
31102368-0	2019	Novel Poly(Adenosine Diphosphate-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitor, AZD2461, Down-Regulates VEGF and Induces Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells Background: Prostate cancer (Pca) is a heterogeneous disease, and current treatments are not based on molecular stratification.	Adenosine	11-20	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
31102368-1	2019	Poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have recently been found to be remarkably toxic to cells with defects in homologous recombination, particularly cells with BRCA-mutated backgrounds.	Adenosine	5-14	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
31166001-5	2019	Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the adenosine effect on modulation of the HIF-1alpha/2alpha/VEGF pathway mediated through A3 AR binding.	Adenosine	59-68	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	97-114
31166001-5	2019	Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the adenosine effect on modulation of the HIF-1alpha/2alpha/VEGF pathway mediated through A3 AR binding.	Adenosine	59-68	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	115-119
31166001-5	2019	Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the adenosine effect on modulation of the HIF-1alpha/2alpha/VEGF pathway mediated through A3 AR binding.	Adenosine	59-68	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	145-150
31409652-2	2019	Recent reports suggest A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) could be an attractive choice to counteract adipocyte inflammation and insulin resistance.	Adenosine	27-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
31339445-8	2019	Our results indicate that adenosine promotes GC cell invasion and metastasis by interacting with A2aR to enhance PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway signaling.	Adenosine	26-35	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	118-121
31339445-8	2019	Our results indicate that adenosine promotes GC cell invasion and metastasis by interacting with A2aR to enhance PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway signaling.	Adenosine	26-35	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	122-126
31339445-0	2019	Adenosine interaction with adenosine receptor A2a promotes gastric cancer metastasis by enhancing PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling.	Adenosine	0-9	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	103-106
31339445-0	2019	Adenosine interaction with adenosine receptor A2a promotes gastric cancer metastasis by enhancing PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling.	Adenosine	0-9	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	107-111
31339445-7	2019	The PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway was involved in adenosine-stimulated GC cell migration and invasion.	Adenosine	52-61	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	9-12
31339445-7	2019	The PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway was involved in adenosine-stimulated GC cell migration and invasion.	Adenosine	52-61	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	13-17
31455764-0	2019	Functional roles of ST8SIA3-mediated sialylation of striatal dopamine D2 and adenosine A2A receptors.	Adenosine	77-86	ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 3	Mus musculus	20-27
31249135-1	2019	The Cdc48 adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) (p97 or valosin-containing protein in mammals) and its cofactor Ufd1/Npl4 extract polyubiquitinated proteins from membranes or macromolecular complexes for subsequent degradation by the proteasome.	Adenosine	10-19	ubiquitin recognition factor in ER associated degradation 1	Homo sapiens	108-112
31178353-3	2019	Here, using human miR-27a in cell lines as a model, we discovered that a nonfunctional target site unable to base-pair extensively with the miRNA seed sequence can regain function when an upstream adenosine is able to base-pair with a post-transcriptionally added uridine in the miR-27a tail.	Adenosine	197-206	microRNA 27a	Homo sapiens	18-25
31178353-3	2019	Here, using human miR-27a in cell lines as a model, we discovered that a nonfunctional target site unable to base-pair extensively with the miRNA seed sequence can regain function when an upstream adenosine is able to base-pair with a post-transcriptionally added uridine in the miR-27a tail.	Adenosine	197-206	microRNA 27a	Homo sapiens	279-286
31375946-9	2019	The decreased ADA activity and the increase in A1 receptor expression may contribute to adenosine pro-tumor effects by increasing IL-6 and TNF-alpha and decreasing IL-17 and INF-gamma serum levels.	Adenosine	88-97	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	130-134
31375946-9	2019	The decreased ADA activity and the increase in A1 receptor expression may contribute to adenosine pro-tumor effects by increasing IL-6 and TNF-alpha and decreasing IL-17 and INF-gamma serum levels.	Adenosine	88-97	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	139-148
31525084-11	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Upregulation of vascular ADK mitigates adenosine-facilitated conducted vasodilation in obese ZSF1 rats and in patients with HFpEF.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
31045292-3	2019	Here we report the identification of four MPD individuals with biallelic variants in DNA2, which encodes an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent helicase/nuclease involved in DNA replication and repair.	Adenosine	108-117	DNA replication helicase/nuclease 2	Homo sapiens	85-89
30873661-2	2019	We show here that endothelial expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF4alpha) was significantly upregulated in rodents and humans with T2DM, and HNF4alpha upregulation by thrombin was dependent on activation of multiple pathways, including protein kinase B, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38, oxidative stress, protein kinase C, and AMPK (5"-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase).	Adenosine	348-357	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	44-76
30873661-2	2019	We show here that endothelial expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF4alpha) was significantly upregulated in rodents and humans with T2DM, and HNF4alpha upregulation by thrombin was dependent on activation of multiple pathways, including protein kinase B, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38, oxidative stress, protein kinase C, and AMPK (5"-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase).	Adenosine	348-357	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	78-87
30873661-2	2019	We show here that endothelial expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF4alpha) was significantly upregulated in rodents and humans with T2DM, and HNF4alpha upregulation by thrombin was dependent on activation of multiple pathways, including protein kinase B, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38, oxidative stress, protein kinase C, and AMPK (5"-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase).	Adenosine	348-357	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	156-165
30873661-2	2019	We show here that endothelial expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF4alpha) was significantly upregulated in rodents and humans with T2DM, and HNF4alpha upregulation by thrombin was dependent on activation of multiple pathways, including protein kinase B, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38, oxidative stress, protein kinase C, and AMPK (5"-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase).	Adenosine	348-357	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	182-190
30854676-7	2019	Moreover, quercetin inhibited ER stress through activating the sirtuin1/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (SIRT1/AMPK) signaling pathway.	Adenosine	72-81	sirtuin 1	Rattus norvegicus	122-127
30854676-7	2019	Moreover, quercetin inhibited ER stress through activating the sirtuin1/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (SIRT1/AMPK) signaling pathway.	Adenosine	72-81	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	128-132
31189131-6	2019	Mechanistically, ADK inhibition or knockdown in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) elevated intracellular adenosine level and increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) activity, resulting in an increase in nitric oxide (NO) production.	Adenosine	119-128	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	17-20
31189131-8	2019	Additionally, increased phosphorylation of NOS3 in ADK-knockdown HUVECs was regulated by an adenosine receptor-independent mechanism.	Adenosine	92-101	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	43-47
31189131-8	2019	Additionally, increased phosphorylation of NOS3 in ADK-knockdown HUVECs was regulated by an adenosine receptor-independent mechanism.	Adenosine	92-101	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	51-54
31189131-9	2019	These data suggest that Adk-deficiency-elevated intracellular adenosine in endothelial cells ameliorates diet-induced insulin resistance and metabolic disorders, and this is associated with an enhancement of NO production caused by increased NOS3 expression and activation.	Adenosine	62-71	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	24-27
31127007-0	2019	Evidence for the Interaction of A3 Adenosine Receptor Agonists at the Drug-Binding Site(s) of Human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1).	Adenosine	35-44	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	100-114
30733317-1	2019	The P2X7 receptor is an adenosine triphosphate-gated ion channel, which is abundantly expressed in glial cells within the central nervous system and in the periphery.	Adenosine	24-33	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	4-17
30733317-2	2019	P2X7 receptor activation leads to the release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta in the brain, and antagonism of the P2X7 receptor is a novel therapeutic strategy to dampen adenosine triphosphate-dependent IL-1beta signaling.	Adenosine	179-188	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	0-13
30733317-2	2019	P2X7 receptor activation leads to the release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta in the brain, and antagonism of the P2X7 receptor is a novel therapeutic strategy to dampen adenosine triphosphate-dependent IL-1beta signaling.	Adenosine	179-188	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	123-136
31127007-0	2019	Evidence for the Interaction of A3 Adenosine Receptor Agonists at the Drug-Binding Site(s) of Human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1).	Adenosine	35-44	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	116-121
31127007-4	2019	Here we tested the P-gp interaction of some A3 adenosine receptor agonists that are being developed for the treatment of chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, chronic pain, and hepatocellular carcinoma.	Adenosine	47-56	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	19-23
31203399-2	2019	Adenosine acts via G-protein coupled receptors; ADORA1, ADORA2a, ADORA2b and ADORA3.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2b receptor	Homo sapiens	65-72
31203399-2	2019	Adenosine acts via G-protein coupled receptors; ADORA1, ADORA2a, ADORA2b and ADORA3.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	77-83
31015188-0	2019	Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 triggers adenosine-mediated NETosis and TNF production in patients with DADA2.	Adenosine	14-23	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	76-79
31015188-8	2019	Adenosine-induced NET formation was inhibited by recombinant ADA2, A1/A3 AR antagonists, or by an A2A agonist.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	70-75
31282934-5	2019	Meanwhile, other PTMs like sumoylation, neddylation, O-GlcNAcylation, adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation, hydroxylation, and beta-hydroxybutyrylation are also shown to play various roles in p53 regulation.	Adenosine	70-79	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	196-199
31367385-4	2019	Inhibition of AK can effectively increase ADO extracellular concentrations at tissue sites where pathophysiological changes occur.	Adenosine	42-45	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	14-16
31095849-0	2019	The Aminotriazole Antagonist Cmpd-1 Stabilises a Distinct Inactive State of the Adenosine 2A Receptor.	Adenosine	80-89	CMD1B	Homo sapiens	29-35
31346154-1	2019	<strong>BACKGROUND</strong> The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporter subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) gene polymorphism on the efficacy of Remifentanil.	Adenosine	86-95	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	166-171
31295264-1	2019	BACKGROUND: 2-Cl-C.OXT-A (COA-Cl) is a novel synthesized adenosine analog that activates Sphingosine-1-phosphate 1 receptor (S1P1R) and combines with the adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) in G proteins and was shown to enhance angiogenesis and improve the brain function in rat stroke models.	Adenosine	57-66	oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
31095849-3	2019	Using 19 F NMR spectroscopy and advanced molecular dynamics simulations we describe a novel inactive state of the adenosine 2A receptor which is stabilised by the aminotriazole antagonist Cmpd-1.	Adenosine	114-123	CMD1B	Homo sapiens	188-194
30995110-5	2019	We hypothesized that inhibition of adenosine kinase (ADK) might exacerbate extracellular adenosine levels to reduce cisplatin-induced renal injury.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	53-56
31327964-9	2019	Our results show that melatonin prevents LPS and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in murine microglia in vitro, evidenced by inhibition of NLRP3 expression, Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) speck formation, caspase-1 cleavage and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) maturation and secretion.	Adenosine	49-58	PYD and CARD domain containing	Mus musculus	250-253
31327964-9	2019	Our results show that melatonin prevents LPS and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in murine microglia in vitro, evidenced by inhibition of NLRP3 expression, Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) speck formation, caspase-1 cleavage and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) maturation and secretion.	Adenosine	49-58	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	295-312
31050560-8	2019	This suggests the presence of a targetable adenosine-A2bR-IL-6-axis triggered by adenosine formed by the ischemic heart.	Adenosine	43-52	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	58-62
31050560-8	2019	This suggests the presence of a targetable adenosine-A2bR-IL-6-axis triggered by adenosine formed by the ischemic heart.	Adenosine	81-90	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	58-62
30995110-8	2019	Additionally, the protective effect of ADK inhibition was abolished by A1 or A2B adenosine receptor antagonist and enhanced by A2A or A3 adenosine receptor antagonist.	Adenosine	81-90	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	39-42
30995110-8	2019	Additionally, the protective effect of ADK inhibition was abolished by A1 or A2B adenosine receptor antagonist and enhanced by A2A or A3 adenosine receptor antagonist.	Adenosine	137-146	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	39-42
31050560-11	2019	This suggests an important adenosine-IL-6 axis, which is controlled by A2bR via local adenosine.	Adenosine	27-36	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	37-41
30995110-9	2019	Collectively, the results suggest that inhibition of ADK might increase extracellular adenosine levels, which inhibited cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and inflammation via A1 and A2B adenosine receptors, finally suppressing cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis.	Adenosine	86-95	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	53-56
30926749-8	2019	We found that HCAR1 interacts with adenosine A1, GABAB, and alpha2A-adrenergic receptors, through a mechanism involving both its Gialpha and Gibetagamma subunits, resulting in a complex modulation of neuronal network activity.	Adenosine	35-44	guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting 2	Mus musculus	129-136
30995110-9	2019	Collectively, the results suggest that inhibition of ADK might increase extracellular adenosine levels, which inhibited cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and inflammation via A1 and A2B adenosine receptors, finally suppressing cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis.	Adenosine	187-196	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	53-56
31044419-5	2019	Proline 127 is crucial for the formation of the Adenosine triphosphate binding pocket of the MYH11 motor domain and molecular modeling indicated that p.Pro127Ser alters nucleotide binding properties.	Adenosine	48-57	myosin heavy chain 11	Homo sapiens	93-98
31283415-6	2019	Although these debates continue, novel targeted therapies, including bevacizumab and poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, have emerged.	Adenosine	90-99	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	138-142
31002399-7	2019	Indeed, adenosine triphosphate levels in the transfusates correlated more robustly with measures of extravascular hemolysis in vivo (e.g., serum iron, indirect bilirubin, non-transferrin-bound iron) than with PTR results or measures of intravascular hemolysis (e.g., plasma free hemoglobin).	Adenosine	8-17	transferrin	Homo sapiens	175-186
31050560-11	2019	This suggests an important adenosine-IL-6 axis, which is controlled by A2bR via local adenosine.	Adenosine	86-95	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	37-41
31042381-1	2019	Poly(adenosine 5"-diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are a class of anticancer drugs that block the catalytic activity of PARP proteins.	Adenosine	5-14	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	50-54
31042381-1	2019	Poly(adenosine 5"-diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are a class of anticancer drugs that block the catalytic activity of PARP proteins.	Adenosine	5-14	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	136-140
31042381-5	2019	X-ray crystal structures of the key inhibitors bound to PARP-1 illustrated the mode of interaction with analogue appendages extending toward the PARP-1 adenosine-binding pocket.	Adenosine	152-161	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	56-62
31042381-5	2019	X-ray crystal structures of the key inhibitors bound to PARP-1 illustrated the mode of interaction with analogue appendages extending toward the PARP-1 adenosine-binding pocket.	Adenosine	152-161	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	145-151
30301599-0	2019	Cervical cancer cells produce TGF-beta1 through the CD73-adenosine pathway and maintain CD73 expression through the autocrine activity of TGF-beta1.	Adenosine	57-66	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	30-39
31097585-7	2019	OPN3 negatively regulates the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response evoked by MC1R via activation of the Galphai subunit of G proteins, thus decreasing cellular melanin levels.	Adenosine	37-46	opsin 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
30998372-4	2019	Importantly, superior antitumor activity of DOX/HA-DOCA-His-PF micelles was presented on the growth inhibition of MCF-7/Adr tumor cells, by further inhibiting the P-gp activity on intracellular DOX efflux through the depletion of intracellular adenosine triphosphate content.	Adenosine	244-253	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	163-167
30301599-3	2019	Ado concentrations greater than 10 muM were necessary to induce an increase of over 50% in the production and expression of TGF-beta1 in CeCa tumor cells.	Adenosine	0-3	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	124-133
31013457-6	2019	Furthermore, the study verified that the change in the expression of both cyclic-adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein and of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus in Abeta peptide-treated mice was significantly ameliorated after treatment with DM.	Adenosine	81-90	histocompatibility 2, class II antigen A, beta 1	Mus musculus	201-206
30950217-7	2019	AU activated NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), PPARgamma and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and promoted the phosphorylation of adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPKalpha), AMPKbeta, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and protein kinase B (AKT).	Adenosine	179-188	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	13-35
31034889-4	2019	Specifically, we showed that the human Fic (filamentation induced by cAMP) protein, HYPE/FicD, catalyzes the addition of an adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to the ER chaperone, BiP, to alter the cell"s unfolded protein response-mediated response to misfolded proteins.	Adenosine	124-133	FIC domain protein adenylyltransferase	Homo sapiens	84-88
31034889-4	2019	Specifically, we showed that the human Fic (filamentation induced by cAMP) protein, HYPE/FicD, catalyzes the addition of an adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to the ER chaperone, BiP, to alter the cell"s unfolded protein response-mediated response to misfolded proteins.	Adenosine	124-133	FIC domain protein adenylyltransferase	Homo sapiens	89-93
31034889-4	2019	Specifically, we showed that the human Fic (filamentation induced by cAMP) protein, HYPE/FicD, catalyzes the addition of an adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to the ER chaperone, BiP, to alter the cell"s unfolded protein response-mediated response to misfolded proteins.	Adenosine	124-133	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	175-178
31118410-2	2019	Here, we used RNA sequencing to screen the most likely regulators of NKA signaling and found that the liver kinase B1(LKB1)/adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway was the most abundantly enriched pathway in HUA.	Adenosine	124-133	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	69-72
31118410-2	2019	Here, we used RNA sequencing to screen the most likely regulators of NKA signaling and found that the liver kinase B1(LKB1)/adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway was the most abundantly enriched pathway in HUA.	Adenosine	124-133	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	187-216
31118410-2	2019	Here, we used RNA sequencing to screen the most likely regulators of NKA signaling and found that the liver kinase B1(LKB1)/adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway was the most abundantly enriched pathway in HUA.	Adenosine	124-133	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	218-222
30429415-3	2019	Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors hinder EGFR signal transmission by binding to the adenosine triphosphate binding site of intracellular tyrosine kinase and inhibiting the autophospholylation of EGFR.	Adenosine	117-126	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	74-78
30756215-0	2019	Modulating P1 Adenosine Receptors in Disease Progression of SOD1G93A Mutant Mice.	Adenosine	14-23	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	60-64
30773021-6	2019	RESULTS: Plasma SAH levels were increased in SAHH+/- mice and in apoE-/- mice after dietary administration of adenosine dialdehyde or intravenous injection with SAHH shRNA.	Adenosine	110-119	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	65-69
30249343-9	2019	Adenosine affects Th1 and Th17 autoimmune responses differently.	Adenosine	0-9	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	18-21
31140226-3	2019	The downstream anti-inflammatory effects of adenosine are mediated via its binding to adenosine receptor 2A (ADORA2A) and 3 (ADORA3).	Adenosine	44-53	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	125-131
30429415-3	2019	Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors hinder EGFR signal transmission by binding to the adenosine triphosphate binding site of intracellular tyrosine kinase and inhibiting the autophospholylation of EGFR.	Adenosine	117-126	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	0-32
30429415-3	2019	Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors hinder EGFR signal transmission by binding to the adenosine triphosphate binding site of intracellular tyrosine kinase and inhibiting the autophospholylation of EGFR.	Adenosine	117-126	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	34-38
30429415-3	2019	Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors hinder EGFR signal transmission by binding to the adenosine triphosphate binding site of intracellular tyrosine kinase and inhibiting the autophospholylation of EGFR.	Adenosine	117-126	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	74-78
31143694-6	2019	Adenosine (20, 40, 80 and 120 muM) inhibited the neuroprotective effects of cinnamaldehyde (15 muM).	Adenosine	0-9	latexin	Homo sapiens	30-33
31143694-6	2019	Adenosine (20, 40, 80 and 120 muM) inhibited the neuroprotective effects of cinnamaldehyde (15 muM).	Adenosine	0-9	latexin	Homo sapiens	95-98
31044584-4	2019	Furthermore, by potentially up-regulating A2A and A3 adenosine receptors, EMF increases cAMP accumulation from astrocytes and reduces the expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF alpha and IL-8, thus initiating neurorestoration.	Adenosine	53-62	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	175-184
31044584-4	2019	Furthermore, by potentially up-regulating A2A and A3 adenosine receptors, EMF increases cAMP accumulation from astrocytes and reduces the expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF alpha and IL-8, thus initiating neurorestoration.	Adenosine	53-62	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	189-193
30503507-2	2019	Salt-inducible kinase (SIK) is a kinase that regulates the nuclear translocation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcription coactivator (CRTC) by phosphorylation.	Adenosine	91-100	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	149-153
30528164-1	2019	Extracellular adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) triggers the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) ionic channel to stimulate the release of the interleukin-IL-1beta cytokine into macrophages.	Adenosine	14-23	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	59-72
30528164-1	2019	Extracellular adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) triggers the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) ionic channel to stimulate the release of the interleukin-IL-1beta cytokine into macrophages.	Adenosine	14-23	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	74-79
31413909-10	2019	Finally, we observed that Adora2a, Nt5e and Entpd1 gene expression positively correlated with Lyve1, Pdpn and Vegfc in several human cancers, thereby supporting the notion that adenosine production and A2a receptor activation might promote lymphangiogenesis in human tumors.	Adenosine	177-186	vascular endothelial growth factor C	Homo sapiens	110-115
30771585-4	2019	Using chondrocyte cultures, we could attribute some of the cellular activities during exosome-mediated joint repair to adenosine activation of AKT, ERK and AMPK signalling.	Adenosine	119-128	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-146
30755485-7	2019	The adenosine imbalance, which triggers adenosine receptor-3 signaling that decreases cAMP levels and AKT phosphorylation and enhances GSK3beta activity.	Adenosine	4-13	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	102-105
30755485-7	2019	The adenosine imbalance, which triggers adenosine receptor-3 signaling that decreases cAMP levels and AKT phosphorylation and enhances GSK3beta activity.	Adenosine	40-49	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	102-105
30771585-4	2019	Using chondrocyte cultures, we could attribute some of the cellular activities during exosome-mediated joint repair to adenosine activation of AKT, ERK and AMPK signalling.	Adenosine	119-128	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	148-151
30771585-4	2019	Using chondrocyte cultures, we could attribute some of the cellular activities during exosome-mediated joint repair to adenosine activation of AKT, ERK and AMPK signalling.	Adenosine	119-128	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	156-160
30660649-0	2019	Extracellular adenosine promotes cell migration/invasion of Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells through A3 Adenosine Receptor activation under hypoxia.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	97-118
30660649-9	2019	In conclusion, high levels of extracellular adenosine production enhance cell migration/invasion of GSCs, through HIF-2/PAP-dependent activation of A3AR under hypoxia.	Adenosine	44-53	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	148-152
30552782-0	2019	Sirtuin 4 Depletion Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tumorigenesis Through Regulating Adenosine-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Alpha/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Axis in Mice.	Adenosine	87-96	sirtuin 4	Homo sapiens	0-9
30565670-3	2019	Therefore, we evaluate the ability of miR-1271 to influence cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis in HBV-associated HCC through the Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway via targeting CCNA1.	Adenosine	149-158	microRNA 1271	Homo sapiens	38-46
30552782-1	2019	Sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) has been reported to play a vital role in the maintenance of glutamine catabolism and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) homeostasis, but its character in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) remains obscure.	Adenosine	104-113	sirtuin 4	Homo sapiens	0-9
30552782-1	2019	Sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) has been reported to play a vital role in the maintenance of glutamine catabolism and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) homeostasis, but its character in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) remains obscure.	Adenosine	104-113	sirtuin 4	Homo sapiens	11-16
30552782-5	2019	Mechanistically, SIRT4 deletion augmented mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling by inactivating adenosine-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKalpha) through regulation of glutamine catabolism and subsequent AM)/liver kinase B1 (LKB1) axis.	Adenosine	105-114	sirtuin 4	Homo sapiens	17-22
30552782-5	2019	Mechanistically, SIRT4 deletion augmented mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling by inactivating adenosine-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKalpha) through regulation of glutamine catabolism and subsequent AM)/liver kinase B1 (LKB1) axis.	Adenosine	105-114	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	42-71
30552782-5	2019	Mechanistically, SIRT4 deletion augmented mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling by inactivating adenosine-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKalpha) through regulation of glutamine catabolism and subsequent AM)/liver kinase B1 (LKB1) axis.	Adenosine	105-114	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	73-77
30552782-8	2019	Conclusion: SIRT4 could exert its tumor suppressive function in HCC by inhibiting glutamine metabolism and thereby increasing the adenosine diphosphate (ADP)/AMP levels to phosphorylate AMPKalpha by LKB1, which blocks the mTOR signaling pathway.	Adenosine	130-139	sirtuin 4	Homo sapiens	12-17
30237210-1	2019	The adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) are 2 efflux transporters at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that effectively restrict brain distribution of dual ABCB1/ABCG2 substrate drugs, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors.	Adenosine	4-13	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	73-78
30237210-1	2019	The adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) are 2 efflux transporters at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that effectively restrict brain distribution of dual ABCB1/ABCG2 substrate drugs, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors.	Adenosine	4-13	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	84-116
30237210-1	2019	The adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) are 2 efflux transporters at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that effectively restrict brain distribution of dual ABCB1/ABCG2 substrate drugs, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors.	Adenosine	4-13	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	237-242
30237210-1	2019	The adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) are 2 efflux transporters at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that effectively restrict brain distribution of dual ABCB1/ABCG2 substrate drugs, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors.	Adenosine	4-13	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	243-248
30237210-1	2019	The adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) are 2 efflux transporters at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that effectively restrict brain distribution of dual ABCB1/ABCG2 substrate drugs, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors.	Adenosine	4-13	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	118-123
30696359-2	2019	Furthermore, TGF-beta1 can induce 5"-nucleotidase (CD73) expression in various cell types; this functional activity is associated with the production of adenosine (Ado), which is an immunosuppressive nucleoside.	Adenosine	153-162	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	13-22
30746715-3	2019	In the present study, we dissect the molecular mechanisms by which clear cells respond to luminal ATP and adenosine to modulate their acidifying activity via the adenosine receptor ADORA2B and the pH-sensitive ATP receptor P2X4.	Adenosine	106-115	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel 4	Mus musculus	223-227
30872815-2	2019	Here we report the 3.3 A-resolution cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ISWI (ISW1) in complex with the nucleosome in adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-bound and ADP-BeFx-bound states.	Adenosine	161-170	chromatin-remodeling ATPase ISW1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	121-125
30696359-2	2019	Furthermore, TGF-beta1 can induce 5"-nucleotidase (CD73) expression in various cell types; this functional activity is associated with the production of adenosine (Ado), which is an immunosuppressive nucleoside.	Adenosine	164-167	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	13-22
30389492-7	2019	A protein essential for signaling in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, transforming growth factor-beta interacted with Panx3 by modulating intracellular adenosine triphosphate levels and thereby enhanced HaCaT cell migration ability with Panx3 overexpression.	Adenosine	154-163	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	72-103
30716553-13	2019	The optimized TAT-NGF-RA-CURC-QU-CL/PA-lip efficaciously down-regulated the expressions of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase, p38, tau at serine 202 and caspase-3, and up-regulated the expressions of p-ERK5 and p-cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein in Alzheimer"s disease Wistar rat model.	Adenosine	295-304	mitogen-activated protein kinase 7	Rattus norvegicus	277-281
31090331-4	2019	Through the study of network pharmacology,12 components of aspirin and Trichosanthis Fructus,including hydroxygenkwanin,quercetin and adenosine,were found to show the anti-platelet aggregation and anti-thrombosis mechanisms through9 common protein targets,such as SRC,RAC1,MAPK14,MAPK1,AKT1,and 14 common signaling pathways,such as VEGF signaling pathway.	Adenosine	134-143	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	286-290
30445027-0	2019	The role of adenosine in up-regulation of p38 MAPK and ERK during limb ischemic preconditioning-induced brain ischemic tolerance.	Adenosine	12-21	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
30445027-2	2019	The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of adenosine in brain protection and up-regulation of p38 MAPK and ERK induced by LIP.	Adenosine	60-69	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	124-127
30445027-6	2019	The results showed that pre-administration of adenosine could partly mimic the neuroprotective effect on the brain, up-regulate the expression of p38 MAPK and ERK.	Adenosine	46-55	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	159-162
30445027-7	2019	Based on the above results, it can be concluded that adenosine participated in brain protection and up-regulation of the expression of p38 MAPK and ERK during the induction of brain ischemic tolerance after LIP.	Adenosine	53-62	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	148-151
30972163-2	2019	Recent studies indicated that CD150+Treg cells could secret adenosine to maintain the quiescent status of HSCs.	Adenosine	60-69	signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 1	Homo sapiens	30-35
30972163-7	2019	Immunohistochemistry revealed CD150+Treg cells could secret adenosine, activate AMPK expression and inhibit intestinal cell apoptosis and inflammation after HSCT.	Adenosine	60-69	signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 1	Homo sapiens	30-35
30641086-13	2019	Furthermore, the inhibition of adenosine deaminase in endothelial cells in vitro attenuated LPS-mediated IL-6 release and soluble ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 concentration in the incubation medium through the restoration of the extracellular adenosine pool and adenosine receptor-dependent pathways.	Adenosine	31-40	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	105-109
30681368-8	2019	At the early reperfusion phase, rIPC induced significant Akt and eNOS phosphorylation, which was abolished by the perfusion with an adenosine A1 receptor blocker.	Adenosine	132-141	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
30681368-14	2019	In this study, we demonstrated that remote ischemic preconditioning activates adenosine A1 receptors during early reperfusion, inducing Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation and improving mitochondrial function, thereby reducing myocardial infarct size.	Adenosine	78-87	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-139
30611861-7	2019	Resveratrol could also prevent the activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in a mechanism dependent on adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	207-216	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	94-115
30611861-7	2019	Resveratrol could also prevent the activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in a mechanism dependent on adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	207-216	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	117-125
30611861-7	2019	Resveratrol could also prevent the activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in a mechanism dependent on adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	207-216	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	131-167
30611861-7	2019	Resveratrol could also prevent the activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in a mechanism dependent on adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	207-216	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	169-177
30145816-4	2019	We further confirmed that the activation of mGluR4 by VU0155041, an mGluR4-specific agonist, decreased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration and cell viability, promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in bladder cancer cells, whereas MSOP (group III mGluR antagonist) or mGluR4 knockdown eliminated the effects of mGluR4 activity.	Adenosine	110-119	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA4 (alpha 4)	Mus musculus	44-50
30145816-4	2019	We further confirmed that the activation of mGluR4 by VU0155041, an mGluR4-specific agonist, decreased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration and cell viability, promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in bladder cancer cells, whereas MSOP (group III mGluR antagonist) or mGluR4 knockdown eliminated the effects of mGluR4 activity.	Adenosine	110-119	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA4 (alpha 4)	Mus musculus	68-74
30145816-4	2019	We further confirmed that the activation of mGluR4 by VU0155041, an mGluR4-specific agonist, decreased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration and cell viability, promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in bladder cancer cells, whereas MSOP (group III mGluR antagonist) or mGluR4 knockdown eliminated the effects of mGluR4 activity.	Adenosine	110-119	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA4 (alpha 4)	Mus musculus	68-74
30145816-4	2019	We further confirmed that the activation of mGluR4 by VU0155041, an mGluR4-specific agonist, decreased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration and cell viability, promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in bladder cancer cells, whereas MSOP (group III mGluR antagonist) or mGluR4 knockdown eliminated the effects of mGluR4 activity.	Adenosine	110-119	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA4 (alpha 4)	Mus musculus	68-74
30641086-13	2019	Furthermore, the inhibition of adenosine deaminase in endothelial cells in vitro attenuated LPS-mediated IL-6 release and soluble ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 concentration in the incubation medium through the restoration of the extracellular adenosine pool and adenosine receptor-dependent pathways.	Adenosine	31-40	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	141-147
30307561-6	2019	Intranasal administration of the adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine substantially enhanced the frequency and number of parenchymal CD4+ T cells as well as both CD69 expression and IFNgamma production.	Adenosine	33-42	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	184-192
30251347-4	2019	The chemical and biological properties of recently reported small molecules that function as mTOR kinase inhibitors, including adenosine triphosphate-competitive inhibitors and dual mTOR/PI3K inhibitors, have also been reviewed.	Adenosine	127-136	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	93-97
30867805-0	2019	Erratum: Adenosine induces intrinsic apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in human pharyngeal squamous carcinoma FaDu cells.	Adenosine	9-18	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	60-63
30867805-0	2019	Erratum: Adenosine induces intrinsic apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in human pharyngeal squamous carcinoma FaDu cells.	Adenosine	9-18	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	64-68
30679132-2	2019	A new mRNA capping enzyme has been identified, PCIF1/CAPAM, which methylates adenosine when it is the first transcribed nucleotide.	Adenosine	77-86	phosphorylated CTD interacting factor 1	Homo sapiens	47-52
30815600-11	2019	Our data support a reciprocal interaction between oral SCC and Schwann cells mediated by adenosine with potential to promote oral SCC progression and pain via increased secretion of IL-6.	Adenosine	89-98	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	182-186
30461725-7	2019	As underlying mechanisms, hANP supplementation significantly increased tissue adenosine concentration (P = 0.008), resulting in significant upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and significant downregulation of endothelin-1 (P = 0.01 and P = 0.004 vs. the controls, respectively).	Adenosine	78-87	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	26-30
30520694-3	2019	In the present study, we examined the ability of VIP and secretin, which stimulate cAMP generation in pancreatic acini, to stimulate PAK4 activation, the signaling cascades involved, and their possible role in activating sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+,K+-ATPase).	Adenosine	238-247	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
30506229-6	2019	The m6A construct yielded significantly improved EPO titer in transient batch culture over no adenosine and m6T controls by 2.84 and 2.61-fold respectively.	Adenosine	94-103	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	49-52
30471466-4	2019	To overcome this limitation in HEK293 cells, we have utilised CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering to insert Nluc in-frame with the endogenous ADORA2B locus this resulted in HEK293 cells expressing adenosine A2B receptors under endogenous promotion tagged on their N-terminus with Nluc.	Adenosine	192-201	adenosine A2b receptor	Homo sapiens	137-144
30582781-4	2019	Our findings suggest that (a) the capacitating effects of Fn were reversed by preincubating the sperm with a cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) or transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) antagonist ( p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively); (b) cooperation between CB1 and TRPV1 may exist ( p < 0.01); (c) the activity of specific fatty acid amide hydroxylase (FAAH) decreased after 1 min ( p < 0.01) and increased after 60 min ( p < 0.01) of capacitation in the presence of Fn; (d) the effects of Fn on FAAH activity were prevented by preincubating spermatozoa with a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor ( p < 0.01); (e) Fn modulated both the cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentration and PKA activity ( p < 0.05) during early capacitation; and (f) FAAH was a PKA substrate modulated by phosphorylation.	Adenosine	673-682	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	58-60
30578766-4	2019	Methylation of the transited adenosine was catalyzed by methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3), and this m6A-RNA promoted a preferential pre-mRNA splicing; consequently, the produced p53 R273H mutant protein resulted in acquired multidrug resistance in colon cancer cells.	Adenosine	29-38	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	178-181
30535464-5	2019	In the present study, it was demonstrated that Ado inhibited HepG2 cell growth in a time- and concentration-dependent manner and activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as indicated by G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, the increased mRNA and protein levels of GRP78/BiP, PERK, ATF4, CHOP, cleaved caspase-3, cytochrome c and the loss of mitochon-drial membrane potential (DeltaPsim).	Adenosine	47-50	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	256-261
30477030-1	2019	Adenosine kinase (ADK) deficiency (OMIM [online mendelian inheritance in man]: 614300) is an autosomal recessive disorder of adenosine and methionine metabolism, with a unique clinical phenotype, mainly involving the central nervous system and dysmorphic features.	Adenosine	125-134	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
30477030-1	2019	Adenosine kinase (ADK) deficiency (OMIM [online mendelian inheritance in man]: 614300) is an autosomal recessive disorder of adenosine and methionine metabolism, with a unique clinical phenotype, mainly involving the central nervous system and dysmorphic features.	Adenosine	125-134	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-21
30535464-5	2019	In the present study, it was demonstrated that Ado inhibited HepG2 cell growth in a time- and concentration-dependent manner and activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as indicated by G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, the increased mRNA and protein levels of GRP78/BiP, PERK, ATF4, CHOP, cleaved caspase-3, cytochrome c and the loss of mitochon-drial membrane potential (DeltaPsim).	Adenosine	47-50	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	262-265
30535464-5	2019	In the present study, it was demonstrated that Ado inhibited HepG2 cell growth in a time- and concentration-dependent manner and activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as indicated by G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, the increased mRNA and protein levels of GRP78/BiP, PERK, ATF4, CHOP, cleaved caspase-3, cytochrome c and the loss of mitochon-drial membrane potential (DeltaPsim).	Adenosine	47-50	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	279-283
30535464-5	2019	In the present study, it was demonstrated that Ado inhibited HepG2 cell growth in a time- and concentration-dependent manner and activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as indicated by G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, the increased mRNA and protein levels of GRP78/BiP, PERK, ATF4, CHOP, cleaved caspase-3, cytochrome c and the loss of mitochon-drial membrane potential (DeltaPsim).	Adenosine	47-50	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	304-316
30535464-7	2019	Blocking autophagy using LY294002 notably entrenched Ado-induced growth inhibition and cell apoptosis, as demonstrated with the increased expression of cytochrome c and p62, and the decreased expression of LC3-II.	Adenosine	53-56	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	152-164
30535464-9	2019	Moreover, knockdown of AMPK with si-AMPK partially abolished Ado-induced ULK1 activation and mTOR inhibition, and thus reinforced CHOP expression and Ado-induced apoptosis.	Adenosine	61-64	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	93-97
30867808-12	2019	Targeting of ADCY1 by miR-23a-3p resulted in the suppression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways.	Adenosine	71-80	adenylate cyclase 1	Homo sapiens	13-18
30873920-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/5"-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, a metabolic checkpoint, plays a neuro-protective role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer"s disease (AD).	Adenosine	38-47	serine/threonine kinase 11	Mus musculus	12-27
30733807-7	2019	The results show that medium to high doses of adenosine can significantly promote cardiac function (LVEF and LVFS) and reduce the levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-alpha, IL-6, PCT, and cTnI) and p-JNK in septic rats, with a significant difference seen between male and female rats.	Adenosine	46-55	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	162-171
30733807-7	2019	The results show that medium to high doses of adenosine can significantly promote cardiac function (LVEF and LVFS) and reduce the levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-alpha, IL-6, PCT, and cTnI) and p-JNK in septic rats, with a significant difference seen between male and female rats.	Adenosine	46-55	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	173-177
31550088-0	2019	Stimulation of the A2B Adenosine Receptor Subtype Enhances Connexin26 Hemichannel Activity in Small Airway Epithelial Cells.	Adenosine	23-32	gap junction protein beta 2	Homo sapiens	59-69
30091414-2	2019	Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) is a double substrate enzyme that hydrolyzes second messenger molecules such as cyclic-3",5"-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic-3",5"-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP).	Adenosine	124-133	phosphodiesterase 10A	Homo sapiens	0-21
30091414-2	2019	Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) is a double substrate enzyme that hydrolyzes second messenger molecules such as cyclic-3",5"-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic-3",5"-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP).	Adenosine	124-133	phosphodiesterase 10A	Homo sapiens	23-29
30873920-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/5"-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, a metabolic checkpoint, plays a neuro-protective role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer"s disease (AD).	Adenosine	38-47	serine/threonine kinase 11	Mus musculus	29-33
30382587-6	2019	Spinal Gs protein-coupled serotonin 7 (5-HT7 ) and adenosine 2A (A2A ) receptor activation also elicits pMF, but via distinct mechanisms (S pathway) that require Akt signalling and new TrkB protein synthesis.	Adenosine	51-60	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	185-189
31027466-3	2019	CFTR, an adenosine triphosphate binding anion channel, has multiple functions, but primarily regulates the movement of chloride anions, thiocyanate and bicarbonate across luminal cell membranes.	Adenosine	9-18	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
29935155-6	2018	It was revealed that ARA1 had much superior adenosine binding ability than other AR subtypes.	Adenosine	44-53	spliceosome associated factor 1, recruiter of U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP	Homo sapiens	21-25
30508379-1	2018	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-competitive inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have provided a significant improvement in the disease outcome of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).	Adenosine	0-9	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	59-91
30508379-1	2018	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-competitive inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have provided a significant improvement in the disease outcome of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).	Adenosine	0-9	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	93-97
30571174-10	2018	Conclusions- Augmentation of intracellular adenosine levels through ADK knockout in myeloid cells protects ApoE-/- mice against atherosclerosis by reducing foam cell formation via the epigenetic regulation of cholesterol trafficking.	Adenosine	43-52	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	107-111
30215753-5	2018	We determined three high-resolution co-crystal structures of Usb1: wild-type Usb1 bound to the substrate analog adenosine 5"-monophosphate, and an inactive mutant bound to RNAs with a 3" terminal adenosine and uridine.	Adenosine	112-121	U6 snRNA biogenesis phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	61-65
30292756-0	2018	Probing structure-activity relationship in beta-arrestin2 recruitment of diversely substituted adenosine derivatives.	Adenosine	95-104	arrestin beta 2	Homo sapiens	43-57
30292756-3	2018	We screened nineteen diverse adenosine derivatives for betaarr2 recruitment using a stable hA3AR-NanoBit -betaarr2 HEK293T cell line.	Adenosine	29-38	arrestin beta 2	Homo sapiens	55-63
30188771-0	2018	Neutrophils as sources of dinucleotide polyphosphates and metabolism by epithelial ENPP1 to influence barrier function via adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	123-132	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	83-88
30429458-11	2018	In addition, stimulating the adenosine signaling by an Adora2b agonist, NECA, improved podocyte survival upon PAN treatment.	Adenosine	29-38	adenosine A2b receptor	Homo sapiens	55-62
30417434-13	2018	Decreased caspase-12 activity and upregulated Bcl-2 protein may explain antiapoptotic effects of adenosine.	Adenosine	97-106	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	46-51
30417434-19	2018	Taken together, adenosine upregulated Bcl-2 and GADD34 to protect PBCs against Tu-induced apoptosis and increase Insulin secretion.	Adenosine	16-25	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	38-43
30405122-0	2018	Epithelial cells release adenosine to promote local TNF production in response to polarity disruption.	Adenosine	25-34	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	52-55
30385548-3	2018	Here, we found that pathologic alpha-syn activates poly(adenosine 5"-diphosphate-ribose) (PAR) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), and PAR generation accelerates the formation of pathologic alpha-syn, resulting in cell death via parthanatos.	Adenosine	56-65	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	109-115
30188771-7	2018	These studies demonstrate the cooperative metabolism between Ap3A and ENPP1 function to provide a significant source of adenosine, subserving its role in inflammatory resolution.	Adenosine	120-129	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	70-75
30405351-7	2018	The intracellular adenosine is converted to AMP by adenosine kinase, which increases the intracellular ATP levels by both activating AMPK and increasing the intracellular adenylate pool.	Adenosine	18-27	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	51-67
30425720-5	2018	NK cells were shown to be hyper-responsive to adenosine when primed with IL-12 and IL-15 compared to IL-2, exhibiting enhanced IFN-gamma expression from CD56bright and CD56dim subsets while modulating the expression of activation marker NKG2D.	Adenosine	46-55	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	127-136
30131376-3	2018	Blockade of A2AR with CPI-444 restored T-cell signaling, IL2, and IFNgamma production that were suppressed by adenosine analogues in vitro CPI-444 treatment led to dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth in multiple syngeneic mouse tumor models.	Adenosine	110-119	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	66-74
30333323-0	2018	Coordination of ENT2-dependent adenosine transport and signaling dampens mucosal inflammation.	Adenosine	31-40	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 2	Mus musculus	16-20
29964150-4	2018	We found that monomeric Abeta40 binds through its RHDS sequence to integrin alphaIIbbeta3, and promotes the formation of fibrillar Abeta aggregates by the secretion of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and the chaperone protein clusterin (CLU) from platelets.	Adenosine	168-177	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	24-29
30069711-6	2018	In addition, the effective dose (10 mg/kg) of adenosine inhibited microglia activation and suppressed abnormal elevation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in CTX and hippocampus, but increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 or IL-10 in the same brain regions during the remyelinating process.	Adenosine	46-55	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	168-177
30241694-3	2018	In L5178Y-R cells, the uptake of MZR was suppressed by adenosine, a substrate for ENT1 and ENT2, but not by 5-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (0.1 muM), an ENT1 inhibitor.	Adenosine	55-64	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 2	Mus musculus	91-95
29790837-7	2018	Bath-applied adenosine reduced burst frequency only in the presence of SKF 38393, as did adenosine produced after activation of protease-activated receptor-1 to stimulate astrocytes.	Adenosine	89-98	coagulation factor II thrombin receptor	Homo sapiens	128-157
30229863-6	2018	Spontaneous adenosine production by CD3(+) or CD3(-) exosomes was measured by mass spectrometry, as was the production of adenosine by CD4+ CD39+ regulatory T cells (Treg ) co-incubated with these exosomes.	Adenosine	122-131	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	135-138
30192980-5	2018	The functional characterization of the MTase+CTD domain of Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV) revealed cap-independent methyltransferase activities targeting internal adenosine residues.	Adenosine	156-165	CTD	Homo sapiens	45-48
30069711-6	2018	In addition, the effective dose (10 mg/kg) of adenosine inhibited microglia activation and suppressed abnormal elevation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in CTX and hippocampus, but increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 or IL-10 in the same brain regions during the remyelinating process.	Adenosine	46-55	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	266-271
29720380-2	2018	Adenosine inhibits the function of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by binding to and activating the A2a adenosine receptor (A2aR) expressed on their surface.	Adenosine	0-9	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	35-38
29548686-2	2018	Adenosine has been shown to trigger hypothermia via agonism at A1 and A3 adenosine receptors (A1AR, A3AR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	100-104
29548686-3	2018	Here, we find that adenosine continues to elicit hypothermia in mice null for A1AR and A3AR and investigated the effect of agonism at A2AAR or A2BAR.	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	87-91
30155470-6	2018	ABCC6 protein is thus involved in the production of extracellular adenosine and therefore it could have a role in the activation of the purinergic system.	Adenosine	66-75	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 6	Homo sapiens	0-5
30002135-6	2018	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is the principal enzyme for metabolic adenosine clearance.	Adenosine	61-70	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
30002135-6	2018	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is the principal enzyme for metabolic adenosine clearance.	Adenosine	61-70	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-21
30031108-2	2018	Cordycepin is a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine; also, it is speculated to exert neuroprotective effects against Abeta-induced oxidative toxicity in hippocampal neurons.	Adenosine	45-54	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	120-125
30010688-5	2018	In the presence of ALP, ATP will be catalytically converted into adenosine and inorganic orthophosphate, however neither of them can sensitize Ce3+ in alkaline media.	Adenosine	65-74	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	19-22
29770956-11	2018	Regulation of the ADK/adenosine system may provide potential treatment strategies for epileptogenesis.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
29501384-7	2018	Plasma adenosine triphosphate and pyrophosphate levels were significantly reduced in PXE patients and in Abcc6-/- mice, whereas adenosine concentration was not modified.	Adenosine	7-16	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 6	Homo sapiens	105-110
30013039-5	2018	TRIBE expresses a fusion protein consisting of a queried RBP and the catalytic domain of the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) (ADARcd), which marks target RNA transcripts by converting adenosine to inosine near the RBP binding sites.	Adenosine	118-127	RIM-binding protein	Drosophila melanogaster	242-245
29672450-11	2018	This study demonstrated dual mechanisms of neuropathic pain in TRPV1-induced neuropathy, involving a reduced adenosine system at both the ligand (adenosine) and receptor (A1Rs) levels.	Adenosine	109-118	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	63-68
29941883-1	2018	Glucocorticoid production is regulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) via the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway in the adrenal cortex, but the changes in steroidogenesis associated with aging are unknown.	Adenosine	92-101	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	42-69
29941883-1	2018	Glucocorticoid production is regulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) via the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway in the adrenal cortex, but the changes in steroidogenesis associated with aging are unknown.	Adenosine	92-101	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	71-75
29409952-4	2018	Here, we determined adenosine tone in sleep and seizure regulating brain regions of Kv1.1 knockout (KO) mice, a model of temporal epilepsy with comorbid sleep disorders.	Adenosine	20-29	potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 1	Mus musculus	84-89
29570875-0	2018	Adenosine A2A receptors modulate the dopamine D2 receptor-mediated inhibition of synaptic transmission in the mouse prefrontal cortex.	Adenosine	0-9	dopamine receptor D2	Mus musculus	37-57
29322373-4	2018	In the present study, we examined the effects of exogenous adenosine and endogenous adenosine on Ang II-induced collagen and myofibroblast differentiation determined by alpha-smooth muscle action (alpha-SMA) overexpression and their underlying signal transduction.	Adenosine	59-68	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	97-103
29322373-4	2018	In the present study, we examined the effects of exogenous adenosine and endogenous adenosine on Ang II-induced collagen and myofibroblast differentiation determined by alpha-smooth muscle action (alpha-SMA) overexpression and their underlying signal transduction.	Adenosine	84-93	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	97-103
29322373-5	2018	Elevation of endogenous adenosine levels resulted in the inhibition of Ang II-induced collagen type I and III and alpha-SMA synthesis in cardiac fibroblasts.	Adenosine	24-33	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	71-77
29322373-6	2018	Moreover, treatment with exogenous adenosine which selectively stimulated A2Rs also suppressed Ang II-induced collagen synthesis and alpha-SMA production.	Adenosine	35-44	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	95-101
29419652-5	2018	Adenosine signaling at its adenosine receptors (ARs) is dictated by adenosine kinase (ADK) in astrocytes, which provides a cellular sink for the removal of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	68-84
29419652-5	2018	Adenosine signaling at its adenosine receptors (ARs) is dictated by adenosine kinase (ADK) in astrocytes, which provides a cellular sink for the removal of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
29419652-5	2018	Adenosine signaling at its adenosine receptors (ARs) is dictated by adenosine kinase (ADK) in astrocytes, which provides a cellular sink for the removal of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	68-84
29419652-5	2018	Adenosine signaling at its adenosine receptors (ARs) is dictated by adenosine kinase (ADK) in astrocytes, which provides a cellular sink for the removal of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
29748725-5	2018	The sandwich formed (MNP/apt29-thrombin-apt15/AuNP/adenosine) can ben magnetically separated from the sample.	Adenosine	51-60	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	31-39
29748725-7	2018	Adenosine is then detected by LC-MS/MS as it reflects the level of thrombin with impressively amplified signal.	Adenosine	0-9	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	67-75
29748725-13	2018	With LC-MS/MS, mass barcodes (adenosine) are detected to quantify thrombin, which amplifies the detection signal impressively.	Adenosine	30-39	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	66-74
29784743-3	2018	The update with the greatest impact on the treatment of ovarian cancer, however, is probably the use of maintenance therapy with poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, and 3 PARP inhibitors are now included in the guidelines.	Adenosine	134-143	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	176-180
29568933-10	2018	Western blotting indicated that the effect of Abeta1-42 on U87 cell apoptosis may be regulated via Bcl-2 and caspase-3 located in mitochondria, whose functions, including adenosine triphosphate generation, electron transport chain and mitochondrial membrane potential, were inhibited by Abeta1-42.	Adenosine	171-180	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	99-104
29616118-0	2018	Adenosine induces intrinsic apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in human pharyngeal squamous carcinoma FaDu cells.	Adenosine	0-9	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	51-54
29616118-0	2018	Adenosine induces intrinsic apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in human pharyngeal squamous carcinoma FaDu cells.	Adenosine	0-9	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	55-59
29616118-7	2018	Adenosine was also demonstrated to induce an increase in Bcl-associated X expression, a decrease in B-cell lymphoma 2 expression, the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and the activation of caspase-3, -9 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in FaDu cells.	Adenosine	0-9	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	145-157
29616118-7	2018	Adenosine was also demonstrated to induce an increase in Bcl-associated X expression, a decrease in B-cell lymphoma 2 expression, the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and the activation of caspase-3, -9 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in FaDu cells.	Adenosine	0-9	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	199-212
29616118-8	2018	Finally, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation was found to be significantly inhibited in adenosine-treated FaDu cells, as was phosphorylation of the mTOR downregulators, S6 kinase beta1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma1.	Adenosine	187-196	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	80-83
29616118-8	2018	Finally, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation was found to be significantly inhibited in adenosine-treated FaDu cells, as was phosphorylation of the mTOR downregulators, S6 kinase beta1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma1.	Adenosine	187-196	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	89-120
29616118-8	2018	Finally, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation was found to be significantly inhibited in adenosine-treated FaDu cells, as was phosphorylation of the mTOR downregulators, S6 kinase beta1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma1.	Adenosine	187-196	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	122-126
29616118-8	2018	Finally, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation was found to be significantly inhibited in adenosine-treated FaDu cells, as was phosphorylation of the mTOR downregulators, S6 kinase beta1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma1.	Adenosine	187-196	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	247-251
29126171-1	2018	Background: Adenosine kinase (ADK) is supposed to be a schizophrenia susceptibility gene based on the findings that ADK is an enzyme that catalyzes transfer of the gamma-phosphate from ATP to adenosine, which interacts with dopamine and glutamate neurotransmitters.	Adenosine	192-201	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	12-28
29126171-1	2018	Background: Adenosine kinase (ADK) is supposed to be a schizophrenia susceptibility gene based on the findings that ADK is an enzyme that catalyzes transfer of the gamma-phosphate from ATP to adenosine, which interacts with dopamine and glutamate neurotransmitters.	Adenosine	192-201	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	30-33
29126171-1	2018	Background: Adenosine kinase (ADK) is supposed to be a schizophrenia susceptibility gene based on the findings that ADK is an enzyme that catalyzes transfer of the gamma-phosphate from ATP to adenosine, which interacts with dopamine and glutamate neurotransmitters.	Adenosine	192-201	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	116-119
29616118-9	2018	Taken together, these results indicate that adenosine induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial intrinsic pathway, and activates caspase-3 and -9 activity via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.	Adenosine	44-53	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	127-143
29616118-9	2018	Taken together, these results indicate that adenosine induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial intrinsic pathway, and activates caspase-3 and -9 activity via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.	Adenosine	44-53	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	166-169
29616118-9	2018	Taken together, these results indicate that adenosine induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial intrinsic pathway, and activates caspase-3 and -9 activity via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.	Adenosine	44-53	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	170-174
29680437-2	2018	We hypothesized that an increase in extracellular adenosine induced by inhibitors of adenosine transporters, such as the non-selective ENT1/ENT2 inhibitor dipyridamole, would result in an improvement in RLS symptoms.	Adenosine	50-59	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	140-144
29670017-2	2018	Hypoxic niches of GBM can induce tumorigenic properties of a small cell subpopulation called Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) and can also increase extracellular adenosine generation which activates the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR).	Adenosine	165-174	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	206-227
29670017-2	2018	Hypoxic niches of GBM can induce tumorigenic properties of a small cell subpopulation called Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) and can also increase extracellular adenosine generation which activates the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR).	Adenosine	165-174	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	229-233
29414770-1	2018	S-Adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcy hydrolase; Sah1 in yeast/AHCY in mammals) degrades AdoHcy, a by-product and strong product inhibitor of S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet)-dependent methylation reactions, to adenosine and homocysteine (Hcy).	Adenosine	217-226	adenosylhomocysteinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	55-59
28661026-3	2018	Adenosine regulates inflammatory responses including epithelial barrier hyper-permeability, myeloperoxidase activity, and neuromuscular motility in colitis, supporting the therapeutic potency of adenosine receptors agonists and antagonists in this disease.	Adenosine	0-9	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	92-107
29943954-10	2018	Additionally, PAP-immunoreactivity was colocalized with equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT) 1, as an adenosine uptake system.	Adenosine	108-117	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-100
29686613-8	2018	We present a model of the function of the A2AR-D2R heterotetramer-AC5 complex, which acts as an integrative device of adenosine and dopamine signals that determine the excitability and gene expression of the striatopallidal neurons.	Adenosine	118-127	adenylate cyclase 5	Homo sapiens	66-69
29087477-8	2018	In ESI-MS measurements of the solutions containing adenosine, cytidine, thymidine and guanosine, we observed protonated cytidine-guanosine dimer (CH+-G) and protonated cytidine-thymidine dimer (CH+-T) in addition to hemiprotonated cytidine-cytidine dimer (CH+-C) with following relative peak height, (CH+-C) &gt; (CH+-G)   (CH+-T) &gt; (CH+-A).	Adenosine	51-60	solute carrier family 5 member 7	Homo sapiens	194-199
28102227-3	2018	Specifically, the main adenosine and endocannabinoid receptors present in the striatum, ie, adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R), are of pivotal importance in the control of neuronal excitability.	Adenosine	23-32	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	138-150
28102227-3	2018	Specifically, the main adenosine and endocannabinoid receptors present in the striatum, ie, adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R), are of pivotal importance in the control of neuronal excitability.	Adenosine	23-32	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	152-156
29456159-0	2018	CD150high Bone Marrow Tregs Maintain Hematopoietic Stem Cell Quiescence and Immune Privilege via Adenosine.	Adenosine	97-106	signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
29244203-0	2018	Pediatric tolerogenic DCs expressing CD4 and immunoglobulin-like transcript receptor (ILT)-4 secrete IL-10 in response to Fc and adenosine.	Adenosine	129-138	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	37-40
29514070-7	2018	These effects on pericytes are mediated by endogenous adenosine, which is likely derived from ATP co-released with insulin.	Adenosine	54-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
29047106-3	2018	The relationship between CD73 and AKT/GSK-3beta/beta-catenin pathway was assessed with adenosine, adenosine 2A receptor antagonist (SCH-58261), adenosine 2A receptor agonist (NECA), CD73 enzyme inhibitor (APCP) and Akt inhibitor (MK-2206).	Adenosine	87-96	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	34-37
29087477-8	2018	In ESI-MS measurements of the solutions containing adenosine, cytidine, thymidine and guanosine, we observed protonated cytidine-guanosine dimer (CH+-G) and protonated cytidine-thymidine dimer (CH+-T) in addition to hemiprotonated cytidine-cytidine dimer (CH+-C) with following relative peak height, (CH+-C) &gt; (CH+-G)   (CH+-T) &gt; (CH+-A).	Adenosine	51-60	solute carrier family 5 member 7	Homo sapiens	324-329
29170977-3	2018	For human, dog, and rabbit, both modulators increased the maximal efficacy of the A3AR agonist 2-chloro-N 6-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5"-N-methylcarboxamide as well as adenosine &gt; 2-fold, while slightly reducing potency in human and dog.	Adenosine	122-131	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	82-86
29419780-1	2018	In mammals, adenosine (A) to inosine (I) RNA editing is performed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR), ADAR1 and ADAR2 enzymes, encoded by mRNAs that might undergo splicing process.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1	Rattus norvegicus	122-127
29257884-1	2018	Our previous work discovered that combining the appropriate 5"- and N6-substitution in adenosine derivatives leads to the highly selective human A1 adenosine receptor (hA1AR) agonists or highly potent dual hA1AR agonists and hA3AR antagonists.	Adenosine	87-96	BCL2 related protein A1	Homo sapiens	145-147
29515872-0	2018	Synthesis of adenosine analogues with indole moiety as human adenosine A3 receptor ligands.	Adenosine	13-22	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	61-82
29515872-4	2018	Here, we prepared novel adenosine derivatives with indole moiety as hA3AR ligands.	Adenosine	24-33	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	68-73
29182933-4	2018	Using chondrocyte cultures, we could attribute the rapid cellular proliferation and infiltration during exosome-mediated cartilage repair to exosomal CD73-mediated adenosine activation of AKT and ERK signalling.	Adenosine	164-173	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	188-191
29182933-4	2018	Using chondrocyte cultures, we could attribute the rapid cellular proliferation and infiltration during exosome-mediated cartilage repair to exosomal CD73-mediated adenosine activation of AKT and ERK signalling.	Adenosine	164-173	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	196-199
29205878-6	2018	Moreover, ADK siRNA promotes the paracrine of proangiogenic factors and adenosine from EPCs, which further facilitate proliferation and migration of endothelial cells.	Adenosine	72-81	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	10-13
29313532-5	2018	DNA2 consists of 30 repeat adenosine bases (A30) at the 5" terminal which were used to prepare AuNCs by a UV-light-assisted method and a 12 nucleotide sequence at the 3" terminal which can easily hybridize with DNA1 to form a partly complementary double-stranded structure.	Adenosine	27-36	DNA replication helicase/nuclease 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
29434915-7	2018	In general, CD73 on the tumor cell membrane converts adenosine monophosphate to adenosine, which restrains the production of interferon-gamma and cytocidal activity.	Adenosine	53-62	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	125-141
29257884-1	2018	Our previous work discovered that combining the appropriate 5"- and N6-substitution in adenosine derivatives leads to the highly selective human A1 adenosine receptor (hA1AR) agonists or highly potent dual hA1AR agonists and hA3AR antagonists.	Adenosine	87-96	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	225-230
29100033-0	2018	Inflammation is regulated by the adenosine derivative molecule, IFC-305, during reversion of cirrhosis in a CCl4 rat model.	Adenosine	33-42	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	108-112
29217327-5	2018	Positive correlations between zinc levels and ADA activity (p &lt; 0.001) and between adenosine levels and ADA activity (p &lt; 0.05) were observed.	Adenosine	86-95	adenosine deaminase	Sus scrofa	107-110
28590037-2	2018	Previously, we demonstrated that Col1a1 and Pparg genes are deregulated in CCl4 -induced cirrhosis but their normal expression levels are recovered upon treatment with IFC-305, an adenosine derivative.	Adenosine	180-189	collagen type I alpha 1 chain	Rattus norvegicus	33-39
28977530-10	2017	We demonstrate that PABPN1 and MATR3 are required for paraspeckles, as well as for adenosine to inosine (A to I) RNA editing of Ctn RNA in muscle cells.	Adenosine	83-92	calcitonin/calcitonin-related polypeptide, alpha	Mus musculus	128-131
30587074-3	2018	This study aimed to evaluate the effects of inflammatory stimuli (IL-6, LPS), uric acid, hyperglycemia, fatty acids, flavonoids, statins and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on cellular concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in cultured endothelial cells.	Adenosine	207-216	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	66-70
27604107-6	2017	Patients undergoing adenosine stress showed a decrease in measured respiratory rate from initial to later scan phase measurements [12.4 (+-5.7) vs 5.6 (+-4.7) min-1, P &lt; .001] and tended to have a lower frequency of successful respiratory gating compared to dipyridamole (47% vs 71%, P = .12).	Adenosine	20-29	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	159-164
28893353-2	2017	Several liver cell types can secrete IL-6 following activation by various signaling molecules including circulating adenosine.	Adenosine	116-125	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	37-41
28893353-3	2017	The aims of this study were to assess whether adenosine can induce IL-6 secretion by cholangiocytes via the A2b adenosine receptor (A2bAR) and to determine the effect of A2bAR-sensitive IL-6 release on injury response in biliary cirrhosis.	Adenosine	46-55	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	67-71
28893353-4	2017	Human normal cholangiocyte H69 cells were used for in vitro studies to determine the mechanism by which adenosine and the A2bAR induce release of IL-6.	Adenosine	104-113	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	146-150
28893353-7	2017	Adenosine induced IL-6 mRNA expression and protein secretion via A2bAR activation.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	18-22
28893353-11	2017	Extracellular adenosine induces cholangiocyte IL-6 release via the A2bAR.	Adenosine	14-23	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	46-50
28893353-13	2017	Adenosine upregulates IL-6 release by cholangiocytes via the A2bAR in a calcium-sensitive fashion.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	22-26
28701304-2	2017	Extracellular accumulation of adenosine and subsequent activation of the ADORA2B receptor play important roles in regulating inflammation and fibrosis in IPF.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine A2b receptor	Homo sapiens	73-80
28701304-3	2017	Additionally, alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) expressing ADORA2B have been implicated in mediating adenosine"s effects in IPF.	Adenosine	110-119	adenosine A2b receptor	Homo sapiens	68-75
29085053-5	2017	ESWT, exogenous adenosine and specialized A2BR agonist suppressed hMSC chondrogenic differentiation through downregulating the expressions of aggrecan (ACAN), Collagen Type I alpha 2(COL1A2), Collagen Type II alpha 1(COL2A1), Sex-Determining Region YBox 9 (SOX9) and Sex-Determining Region YBox 6 (SOX6).	Adenosine	16-25	collagen type I alpha 2 chain	Homo sapiens	159-182
29085053-5	2017	ESWT, exogenous adenosine and specialized A2BR agonist suppressed hMSC chondrogenic differentiation through downregulating the expressions of aggrecan (ACAN), Collagen Type I alpha 2(COL1A2), Collagen Type II alpha 1(COL2A1), Sex-Determining Region YBox 9 (SOX9) and Sex-Determining Region YBox 6 (SOX6).	Adenosine	16-25	collagen type I alpha 2 chain	Homo sapiens	183-189
29085053-5	2017	ESWT, exogenous adenosine and specialized A2BR agonist suppressed hMSC chondrogenic differentiation through downregulating the expressions of aggrecan (ACAN), Collagen Type I alpha 2(COL1A2), Collagen Type II alpha 1(COL2A1), Sex-Determining Region YBox 9 (SOX9) and Sex-Determining Region YBox 6 (SOX6).	Adenosine	16-25	collagen type II alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	192-216
29085053-5	2017	ESWT, exogenous adenosine and specialized A2BR agonist suppressed hMSC chondrogenic differentiation through downregulating the expressions of aggrecan (ACAN), Collagen Type I alpha 2(COL1A2), Collagen Type II alpha 1(COL2A1), Sex-Determining Region YBox 9 (SOX9) and Sex-Determining Region YBox 6 (SOX6).	Adenosine	16-25	collagen type II alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	217-223
28864812-0	2017	Yeast Prp2 liberates the 5" splice site and the branch site adenosine for catalysis of pre-mRNA splicing.	Adenosine	60-69	DEAH-box RNA-dependent ATPase PRP2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	6-10
29050780-3	2017	From one of the new adenosine derivatives, some 5"-deoxy-5"-amino-5"-C-methyl adenosine DOT1L inhibitors were prepared in several steps.	Adenosine	20-29	DOT1 like histone lysine methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	88-93
28902712-0	2017	Attenuation of pentylenetrazole-induced acute status epilepticus in rats by adenosine involves inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway.	Adenosine	76-85	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	113-142
28902712-2	2017	This study aimed to examine the relationship of ADO with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in a Wistar rat model of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced acute status epilepticus.	Adenosine	48-51	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	61-90
28902712-2	2017	This study aimed to examine the relationship of ADO with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in a Wistar rat model of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced acute status epilepticus.	Adenosine	48-51	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	92-96
29037129-1	2017	Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) domains discovered 20 years ago can bind different adenosine derivatives (AMP, ADP, ATP, S-adenosylmethionine, NAD, diadenosine polyphosphates) and thus regulate the activities of numerous proteins.	Adenosine	85-94	cystathionine beta-synthase	Homo sapiens	0-27
28961223-5	2017	The calibration curve of adenosine detection showed a linear range of 10 pM to 0.5 muM with an R2 of 0.996, and the detection limit of the probe was 10 pM.	Adenosine	25-34	latexin	Homo sapiens	83-86
28554875-2	2017	P2X7 receptor activation by extracellular ATP (eATP) exacerbates inflammation by augmenting cytokine production; while CD39 (ENTPD1) scavenges eATP to generate adenosine, thereby limiting P2X7 activation and resulting in A2A receptor stimulation.	Adenosine	160-169	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	0-13
28554875-2	2017	P2X7 receptor activation by extracellular ATP (eATP) exacerbates inflammation by augmenting cytokine production; while CD39 (ENTPD1) scavenges eATP to generate adenosine, thereby limiting P2X7 activation and resulting in A2A receptor stimulation.	Adenosine	160-169	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	0-4
28554875-14	2017	Lay summary: CD39 expression in macrophages limits P2X7-mediated pro-inflammatory responses, scavenging extracellular ATP and ultimately generating adenosine.	Adenosine	148-157	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	51-55
28961223-7	2017	The probe was used to detect adenosine in urine samples, a recovery from 86.8% to 90.0% for the spiked concentrations of adenosine (0.01, 0.05, 0.1 muM).	Adenosine	29-38	latexin	Homo sapiens	148-151
28961223-7	2017	The probe was used to detect adenosine in urine samples, a recovery from 86.8% to 90.0% for the spiked concentrations of adenosine (0.01, 0.05, 0.1 muM).	Adenosine	121-130	latexin	Homo sapiens	148-151
28781337-3	2017	The MMP3 gene promoter contains an insertion/deletion polymorphism characterised by an array of 5 or 6 adenosine residues (5A/6A) at -1612 position.	Adenosine	103-112	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	4-8
28652244-0	2017	Targeting Adenosine in BRAF-Mutant Melanoma Reduces Tumor Growth and Metastasis.	Adenosine	10-19	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	23-27
28751580-1	2017	The nucleoside adenosine is a potent regulator of vascular homeostasis, but it remains unclear how expression or function of the adenosine-metabolizing enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK) and the intracellular adenosine levels influence angiogenesis.	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	177-180
28751580-3	2017	Knockdown (KD) of ADK elevated intracellular adenosine, promoted proliferation, migration, and angiogenic sprouting in human endothelial cells.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-21
28751580-8	2017	Based on these findings, we propose that ADK downregulation-induced elevation of intracellular adenosine levels in endothelial cells in the setting of hypoxia is one of the crucial intrinsic mechanisms that promote angiogenesis.	Adenosine	95-104	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	41-44
28446460-8	2017	Dipyridamole prevented isoprenaline-induced adenosine outflow from the rat detrusor, and this effect was mimicked by the ENT1 inhibitor, S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI, 30 microM).	Adenosine	44-53	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	121-125
28370734-0	2017	Apoptosis and cell cycle regulatory effects of adenosine by modulation of GLI-1 and ERK1/2 pathways in CD44+ and CD24- breast cancer stem cells.	Adenosine	47-56	CD24 molecule	Homo sapiens	113-117
28370734-12	2017	Adenosine also induced apoptosis by regulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, mitochondrial membrane potential depletion and activation of caspase-6.	Adenosine	0-9	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	50-53
28370734-12	2017	Adenosine also induced apoptosis by regulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, mitochondrial membrane potential depletion and activation of caspase-6.	Adenosine	0-9	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	54-59
28370734-13	2017	Moreover, adenosine inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation and GLI-1 protein expression.	Adenosine	10-19	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	30-36
28370734-14	2017	CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicated that adenosine induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through inhibition of GLI-1 and ERK1/2 pathways in breast CSCs.	Adenosine	43-52	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	125-131
28842605-4	2017	In ex vivo glomeruli, high D-glucose decreased nucleoside uptake mediated by ENT1 and ENT2 transporters, resulting in augmented extracellular levels of adenosine.	Adenosine	152-161	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-81
29088814-8	2017	Decreasing adenosine inhibitted M2 polarization of RAW264.7 cells through inactivating JAK1/STAT3 signal pathway in fasting condition.	Adenosine	11-20	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	92-97
28370734-0	2017	Apoptosis and cell cycle regulatory effects of adenosine by modulation of GLI-1 and ERK1/2 pathways in CD44+ and CD24- breast cancer stem cells.	Adenosine	47-56	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	84-90
28591844-7	2017	The one-site aptamer has 3.8-fold higher sensitivity at lower adenosine concentration with a limit of detection of 9.1 muM adenosine, but weaker fluorescence signal at higher adenosine concentrations, consistent with a moderate cooperativity in the original aptamer.	Adenosine	62-71	latexin	Homo sapiens	119-122
28591844-7	2017	The one-site aptamer has 3.8-fold higher sensitivity at lower adenosine concentration with a limit of detection of 9.1 muM adenosine, but weaker fluorescence signal at higher adenosine concentrations, consistent with a moderate cooperativity in the original aptamer.	Adenosine	123-132	latexin	Homo sapiens	119-122
28591844-7	2017	The one-site aptamer has 3.8-fold higher sensitivity at lower adenosine concentration with a limit of detection of 9.1 muM adenosine, but weaker fluorescence signal at higher adenosine concentrations, consistent with a moderate cooperativity in the original aptamer.	Adenosine	123-132	latexin	Homo sapiens	119-122
28747757-5	2017	We show that this occurs via TGFbeta-induced activation of CD73 and the associated increase in the generation of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	127-136	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	29-36
28798762-1	2017	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) functions as an enzyme catalyzing the reversible hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine to homocysteine and adenosine.	Adenosine	146-155	adenosylhomocysteinase	Solanum lycopersicum	0-32
28798762-1	2017	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) functions as an enzyme catalyzing the reversible hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine to homocysteine and adenosine.	Adenosine	146-155	adenosylhomocysteinase	Solanum lycopersicum	34-38
28747757-0	2017	TGFbeta-induced osteogenic potential of human amniotic fluid stem cells via CD73-generated adenosine production.	Adenosine	91-100	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
28708111-5	2017	A review of all current studies would suggest that IPC/RIPC relies on creating a small tissue injury resulting in the release of adenosine and l-arginine which act through the Adenosine receptors and the haem-oxygenase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase systems to reduce hepatocyte necrosis and improve the hepatic microcirculation post reperfusion.	Adenosine	129-138	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	223-256
28618265-0	2017	Making the Mark: The Role of Adenosine Modifications in the Life Cycle of RNA Viruses.	Adenosine	29-38	microtubule affinity regulating kinase 1	Homo sapiens	11-15
28342985-5	2017	Stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation is strictly dependent on the ecto enzyme CD73 that mediates autocrine formation of adenosine, and is inhibited by knockdown of the A3 adenosine receptor (A3R) as well as by an A3R antagonist or by agonist-stimulated down-regulation of the A3R.	Adenosine	117-126	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	11-17
28546310-3	2017	Some mutations result in a complete loss of function of the encoded protein, Galphaolf, an adenylyl-cyclase-stimulatory G-protein highly enriched in striatal projection neurons, where it mediates the actions of dopamine and adenosine.	Adenosine	224-233	guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating, olfactory type	Mus musculus	77-86
28581447-11	2017	Our data demonstrated that adenosine prevents hypothermic injury to the endothelium by activating ERK1/2, eNOS, p70S6K, and p38MAPK signaling pathways at early time points.	Adenosine	27-36	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	98-104
28581447-8	2017	Under basal conditions, adenosine stimulated NO production, eNOS phosphorylation at serine 1177 from 5 minutes to 4 hours and inhibited eNOS phosphorylation at threonine 495 from 5 minutes to 6 hours, but increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and p70S6K only after exposure for 5 minutes.	Adenosine	24-33	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	60-64
28581447-8	2017	Under basal conditions, adenosine stimulated NO production, eNOS phosphorylation at serine 1177 from 5 minutes to 4 hours and inhibited eNOS phosphorylation at threonine 495 from 5 minutes to 6 hours, but increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and p70S6K only after exposure for 5 minutes.	Adenosine	24-33	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	136-140
28232386-8	2017	Furthermore, we provide evidence that adenosine treatment enhances LPS-primed IL-1beta secretion by GM-macrophages, but not by M-macrophages.	Adenosine	38-47	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	78-86
28581447-11	2017	Our data demonstrated that adenosine prevents hypothermic injury to the endothelium by activating ERK1/2, eNOS, p70S6K, and p38MAPK signaling pathways at early time points.	Adenosine	27-36	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	106-110
28581447-8	2017	Under basal conditions, adenosine stimulated NO production, eNOS phosphorylation at serine 1177 from 5 minutes to 4 hours and inhibited eNOS phosphorylation at threonine 495 from 5 minutes to 6 hours, but increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and p70S6K only after exposure for 5 minutes.	Adenosine	24-33	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	234-240
28415676-9	2017	At the same time, NBTI mimics adenosine to attenuate the epileptiform discharge through adenosine A1 receptor, which might provide a novel therapeutic approach toward the control of epilepsy.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine A1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	88-109
27871900-0	2017	Insulin/adenosine axis linked signalling.	Adenosine	8-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
27871900-3	2017	Adenosine activates at least four subtypes of adenosine receptors (A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR, A3AR), of which A2AAR and A2BAR activation leads to increased cAMP level, generation of nitric oxide, and relaxation of the underlying smooth muscle cell layer.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	87-91
27871900-10	2017	Whether adenosine modulation of insulin biological effect is a phenomenon that depends on co-localization of adenosine receptors and insulin receptors, and adenosine plasma membrane transporters is something still unclear.	Adenosine	8-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
27871900-10	2017	Whether adenosine modulation of insulin biological effect is a phenomenon that depends on co-localization of adenosine receptors and insulin receptors, and adenosine plasma membrane transporters is something still unclear.	Adenosine	8-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	133-140
28104382-2	2017	All adenosine receptors have been reported to be involved in glucose homeostasis, inflammation, adipogenesis, insulin resistance, and thermogenesis, indicating that adenosine could participate in the process of obesity.	Adenosine	4-13	insulin	Homo sapiens	110-117
26136377-5	2017	In addition, we found that alpha-MSH could improve mitochondrial function in M17 cells through increasing the level of adenosine triphosphate and mitochondrial membrane potential.	Adenosine	119-128	STAM binding protein	Homo sapiens	27-36
28542132-2	2017	Recent studies showed evidence that the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 influence migration of immune cells and their activity was linked to adenosine concentrations.	Adenosine	189-198	atypical chemokine receptor 3	Mus musculus	114-119
28492224-3	2017	Here we show that concentrations of ATP and adenosine, its metabolite, fall after treatment of mouse chondrocytes and rat tibia explants with IL-1beta, an inflammatory mediator thought to participate in OA pathogenesis.	Adenosine	44-53	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	142-150
28250115-2	2017	The most common mRNA modification, the addition of a methyl group to the N6 position of adenosine (m6A), has been shown to affect splicing, translation, and stability, and m6A is also essential for embryonic development in organisms ranging from plants to mice.	Adenosine	88-97	glycoprotein m6a	Mus musculus	172-175
32454590-0	2017	Adenosine A2B Receptors - Mediated Induction of Interleukin-6 in Skeletal Muscle Cells.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	48-61
28074216-0	2017	Adenosine effectively restores endotoxin-induced inhibition of human neutrophil chemotaxis via A1 receptor-p38 pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	107-110
28074216-6	2017	The results showed that increasing the concentration of ADO effectively restored the LPS-inhibited neutrophil chemotaxis to IL-8.	Adenosine	56-59	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	124-128
28250115-2	2017	The most common mRNA modification, the addition of a methyl group to the N6 position of adenosine (m6A), has been shown to affect splicing, translation, and stability, and m6A is also essential for embryonic development in organisms ranging from plants to mice.	Adenosine	88-97	glycoprotein m6a	Mus musculus	99-102
28398248-3	2017	RNA editing is a biochemical process in which either Adenosine or Cytosine is deaminated by a group of RNA editing enzymes including ADAR (Adenosine deaminase; RNA specific) or APOBEC3B (Apolipoprotein B mRNA Editing Enzyme Catalytic Subunit 3B).	Adenosine	53-62	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3B	Homo sapiens	177-185
28398248-3	2017	RNA editing is a biochemical process in which either Adenosine or Cytosine is deaminated by a group of RNA editing enzymes including ADAR (Adenosine deaminase; RNA specific) or APOBEC3B (Apolipoprotein B mRNA Editing Enzyme Catalytic Subunit 3B).	Adenosine	53-62	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3B	Homo sapiens	187-244
28124257-1	2017	We have shown previously that bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated suppression of phospholipase-Cbeta-2 (PLCbeta-2) expression is involved in M1 (inflammatory) to M2-like (wound healing) phenotypic switching of macrophages triggered by adenosine.	Adenosine	243-252	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	60-63
27995448-5	2017	hENT1 transports the substrate adenosine with a Km of 215 +- 34 micromol/L and a Vmax of 578 +- 23.4 nmol mg-1 min-1.	Adenosine	31-40	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	111-116
32454590-4	2017	The aim of this work was to investigate whether activation of adenosine receptors, particularly adenosine A2B receptors, could stimulate IL-6 gene expression in rat L6 skeletal muscle cells.	Adenosine	62-71	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	137-141
32454590-4	2017	The aim of this work was to investigate whether activation of adenosine receptors, particularly adenosine A2B receptors, could stimulate IL-6 gene expression in rat L6 skeletal muscle cells.	Adenosine	96-105	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	137-141
32454590-7	2017	Results: Adenosine-5"-N-ethyluronamide (NECA), a stable adenosine analogue, concentration- and time-dependently stimulates IL-6 gene expression in skeletal muscle cells.	Adenosine	9-18	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	123-127
32454590-7	2017	Results: Adenosine-5"-N-ethyluronamide (NECA), a stable adenosine analogue, concentration- and time-dependently stimulates IL-6 gene expression in skeletal muscle cells.	Adenosine	56-65	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	123-127
32454590-9	2017	By using cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-arising reagent forskolin, cAMP is found to be involved in the up-regulation of IL-6 induction.	Adenosine	16-25	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	127-131
32454590-10	2017	Conclusion: Here, a novel relationship between adenosine and IL-6 up-regulation has been demonstrated for the first time; IL-6 up-regulation induced by NECA is mediated by adenosine A2B receptor activation in skeletal muscle and is dependent on mainly a cAMP pathway.	Adenosine	47-56	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	61-65
32454590-10	2017	Conclusion: Here, a novel relationship between adenosine and IL-6 up-regulation has been demonstrated for the first time; IL-6 up-regulation induced by NECA is mediated by adenosine A2B receptor activation in skeletal muscle and is dependent on mainly a cAMP pathway.	Adenosine	47-56	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	122-126
28060378-6	2017	We then found that enzymatic depletion of adenosine or inhibition of the adenosine receptor A2a on LEC-MF abrogated apoptotic cell suppression of TNF, and this suppression was entirely dependent on the ecto-enzyme CD73 (AMP adenosine) but not CD39 (ATP AMP), both of which are highly expressed on RPMF.	Adenosine	42-51	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	146-149
28079567-10	2017	Adenosine, a competitive antagonist to ATP activation of ryanodine receptor 2, did not antagonize halothane activation in the absence of ATP.	Adenosine	0-9	ryanodine receptor 2	Ovis aries	57-77
28292464-7	2017	RESULTS: Overall adenosine transport (i.e., hENT1+hENT2) was semisaturable and partially inhibited by 1 mumol/L, but abolished by 10 mumol/L NBTI in cells non-treated or treated with NH4Cl.	Adenosine	17-26	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	50-55
28137984-1	2017	Tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) contributes to the production of adenosine by the kidney, and A1-receptor activation enhances renovascular responses to norepinephrine.	Adenosine	80-89	alkaline phosphatase, biomineralization associated	Rattus norvegicus	0-39
28137984-1	2017	Tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) contributes to the production of adenosine by the kidney, and A1-receptor activation enhances renovascular responses to norepinephrine.	Adenosine	80-89	alkaline phosphatase, biomineralization associated	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
28292464-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: Adenosine is taken up via human equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 (hENT1) and 2 (hENT2) at a physiological extracellular pH (pHo ~7.4) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).	Adenosine	14-23	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	101-106
28292464-4	2017	We investigated whether hENT1 and hENT2-adenosine transport was regulated by acidic pHi.	Adenosine	40-49	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	34-39
28137984-3	2017	In isolated, perfused rat kidneys, the TNAP inhibitor l-p-bromotetramisole (0.1 mmol/L) decreased renal venous levels of 5"-AMP (adenosine precursor) and adenosine by 61% (P&lt;0.0384) and 62% (P=0.0013), respectively, at 1 hour into treatment and caused a 10-fold rightward shift of the concentration-response relationship to exogenous norepinephrine (P&lt;0.0001).	Adenosine	129-138	alkaline phosphatase, biomineralization associated	Rattus norvegicus	39-43
28137984-3	2017	In isolated, perfused rat kidneys, the TNAP inhibitor l-p-bromotetramisole (0.1 mmol/L) decreased renal venous levels of 5"-AMP (adenosine precursor) and adenosine by 61% (P&lt;0.0384) and 62% (P=0.0013), respectively, at 1 hour into treatment and caused a 10-fold rightward shift of the concentration-response relationship to exogenous norepinephrine (P&lt;0.0001).	Adenosine	154-163	alkaline phosphatase, biomineralization associated	Rattus norvegicus	39-43
28292464-9	2017	hENT1 and hENT2-mediated adenosine transport maximal capacity was increased by acidic pHi.	Adenosine	25-34	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	10-15
28292464-11	2017	DISCUSSION: hENT1 and hENT2-adenosine transport is differentially regulated by acidic pHi in HUVECs.	Adenosine	28-37	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	22-27
28087698-0	2017	Inhibition of Transient Receptor Potential Channel Mucolipin-1 (TRPML1) by Lysosomal Adenosine Involved in Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Diseases.	Adenosine	85-94	mucolipin TRP cation channel 1	Homo sapiens	14-62
28087698-0	2017	Inhibition of Transient Receptor Potential Channel Mucolipin-1 (TRPML1) by Lysosomal Adenosine Involved in Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Diseases.	Adenosine	85-94	mucolipin TRP cation channel 1	Homo sapiens	64-70
28087698-3	2017	Recent studies have suggested that lysosomal adenosine overload causes lysosome defects that phenocopy patients with mutations in transient receptor potential channel mucolipin-1 (TRPML1), a lysosomal Ca2+ channel, suggesting that lysosomal adenosine overload may impair TRPML1 and then lead to subsequent lysosomal dysfunction.	Adenosine	45-54	mucolipin TRP cation channel 1	Homo sapiens	130-178
28087698-3	2017	Recent studies have suggested that lysosomal adenosine overload causes lysosome defects that phenocopy patients with mutations in transient receptor potential channel mucolipin-1 (TRPML1), a lysosomal Ca2+ channel, suggesting that lysosomal adenosine overload may impair TRPML1 and then lead to subsequent lysosomal dysfunction.	Adenosine	45-54	mucolipin TRP cation channel 1	Homo sapiens	180-186
28087698-3	2017	Recent studies have suggested that lysosomal adenosine overload causes lysosome defects that phenocopy patients with mutations in transient receptor potential channel mucolipin-1 (TRPML1), a lysosomal Ca2+ channel, suggesting that lysosomal adenosine overload may impair TRPML1 and then lead to subsequent lysosomal dysfunction.	Adenosine	45-54	mucolipin TRP cation channel 1	Homo sapiens	271-277
28087698-3	2017	Recent studies have suggested that lysosomal adenosine overload causes lysosome defects that phenocopy patients with mutations in transient receptor potential channel mucolipin-1 (TRPML1), a lysosomal Ca2+ channel, suggesting that lysosomal adenosine overload may impair TRPML1 and then lead to subsequent lysosomal dysfunction.	Adenosine	241-250	mucolipin TRP cation channel 1	Homo sapiens	130-178
28087698-3	2017	Recent studies have suggested that lysosomal adenosine overload causes lysosome defects that phenocopy patients with mutations in transient receptor potential channel mucolipin-1 (TRPML1), a lysosomal Ca2+ channel, suggesting that lysosomal adenosine overload may impair TRPML1 and then lead to subsequent lysosomal dysfunction.	Adenosine	241-250	mucolipin TRP cation channel 1	Homo sapiens	180-186
28087698-5	2017	We also show that lysosomal adenosine accumulation inhibits TRPML1, which is rescued by overexpressing ENT3, the adenosine transporter situated in the lysosome membrane.	Adenosine	28-37	mucolipin TRP cation channel 1	Homo sapiens	60-66
28087698-9	2017	Our data suggest that lysosomal adenosine accumulation impairs lysosome function by inhibiting TRPML1 and subsequently leads to cell death in B-lymphocytes.	Adenosine	32-41	mucolipin TRP cation channel 1	Homo sapiens	95-101
27870974-3	2017	We hypothesized that adenosine stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can assess myocardial perfusion in a population of PRP and SRP.	Adenosine	21-30	prion protein	Homo sapiens	129-132
28082424-0	2017	Accumulation of nuclear ADAR2 regulates adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing during neuronal development.	Adenosine	40-49	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1	Mus musculus	24-29
28211895-0	2017	Electroacupuncture Attenuates CFA-induced Inflammatory Pain by suppressing Nav1.8 through S100B, TRPV1, Opioid, and Adenosine Pathways in Mice.	Adenosine	116-125	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type X, alpha	Mus musculus	75-81
27988461-10	2017	These results demonstrate that purinergic signalling plays an important role in MC degranulation through at least three distinct mechanisms: (1) higher ATP concentrations directly induce degranulation via P2X7 receptor activation, (2) lower ATP concentrations augment FcepsilonRI-mediated degranulation via P2X4 receptor activation, and (3) in an ecto-nucleotidase-enrich environment, ATP and the converted product adenosine induce a synergistic degranulation by P1 and P2 receptor co-activation.	Adenosine	415-424	Fc receptor, IgE, high affinity I, gamma polypeptide	Mus musculus	268-279
28011630-5	2017	We report that the DIF morphogens, cyclic-di-GMP, GABA, glutamate and adenosine all induce strong cytoplasmic calcium responses, likewise independently of TrpP.	Adenosine	70-79	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	19-22
28169986-5	2017	Adenosine signalling via erythrocyte ADORA2B induces PKA phosphorylation, ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of eENT1.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2b receptor	Homo sapiens	37-44
27638339-4	2017	We have identified soluble enzymes ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73, adenylate kinase-1, and nucleoside diphosphate kinase in the vitreous fluid that control active cycling between pro-inflammatory ATP and anti-inflammatory adenosine.	Adenosine	217-226	adenylate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	62-80
27577957-4	2016	Compared to HMEC, MDA-MB-231 cells overexpress the ectonucleotidases ENPP1 and CD73, which convert extracellular ATP released by the cells to adenosine that stimulates A3 receptors and promotes cell migration with frequent directional changes.	Adenosine	142-151	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	69-74
27915186-7	2017	The role of adenosine in seizure inhibition has been confirmed by results demonstrating that in patients with epilepsy, the adenosine kinase (ADK) present in astrocytes is the only purine-metabolizing enzyme that exhibits increased expression.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	124-140
27915186-7	2017	The role of adenosine in seizure inhibition has been confirmed by results demonstrating that in patients with epilepsy, the adenosine kinase (ADK) present in astrocytes is the only purine-metabolizing enzyme that exhibits increased expression.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	142-145
27915186-8	2017	Increased ADK activity causes intensified phosphorylation of adenosine to 5"-AMP, which therefore lowers the adenosine level in the extracellular spaces.	Adenosine	61-70	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	10-13
27915186-8	2017	Increased ADK activity causes intensified phosphorylation of adenosine to 5"-AMP, which therefore lowers the adenosine level in the extracellular spaces.	Adenosine	109-118	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	10-13
27919679-3	2017	The present study aimed to explore whether adenosine-induced translocation of PKCepsilon to mitochondria is mediated by caveolin-3 and/or adenosine A2B receptor/PI3 kinase mediated signaling, and whether the mitochondrial targeting of PKCepsilon is age-related.	Adenosine	43-52	caveolin 3	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
27919679-3	2017	The present study aimed to explore whether adenosine-induced translocation of PKCepsilon to mitochondria is mediated by caveolin-3 and/or adenosine A2B receptor/PI3 kinase mediated signaling, and whether the mitochondrial targeting of PKCepsilon is age-related.	Adenosine	43-52	WAP four-disulfide core domain 15B	Rattus norvegicus	161-164
27919679-5	2017	Interestingly, adenosine-induced increase in mitochondrial translocation of PKCepsilon was significantly blocked by suppressing caveolin-3 expression with specific siRNA.	Adenosine	15-24	caveolin 3	Rattus norvegicus	128-138
27919679-7	2017	We demonstrate that adenosine-induced translocation of PKCepsilon to mitochondria is mediated by a caveolin-3-dependent mechanism and this process is age-related, possibly in part, through regulation of HSP90 and TOM70 expression.	Adenosine	20-29	caveolin 3	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
27919679-7	2017	We demonstrate that adenosine-induced translocation of PKCepsilon to mitochondria is mediated by a caveolin-3-dependent mechanism and this process is age-related, possibly in part, through regulation of HSP90 and TOM70 expression.	Adenosine	20-29	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Rattus norvegicus	203-208
28674812-2	2017	Adenosine kinase (ADK), the major adenosine-regulating enzyme, is critical to adapt its intra- and extracellular levels in response to environmental changes.	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
28674812-2	2017	Adenosine kinase (ADK), the major adenosine-regulating enzyme, is critical to adapt its intra- and extracellular levels in response to environmental changes.	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-21
28793299-10	2017	Whereas adenosine pretreatment decreased brain TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 levels significantly (p &lt; 0.05), caffeine pretreatment reduced brain cytokine levels slightly but nonsignificantly (p &gt; 0.05).	Adenosine	8-17	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	47-56
28793299-10	2017	Whereas adenosine pretreatment decreased brain TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 levels significantly (p &lt; 0.05), caffeine pretreatment reduced brain cytokine levels slightly but nonsignificantly (p &gt; 0.05).	Adenosine	8-17	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	58-66
28793299-10	2017	Whereas adenosine pretreatment decreased brain TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 levels significantly (p &lt; 0.05), caffeine pretreatment reduced brain cytokine levels slightly but nonsignificantly (p &gt; 0.05).	Adenosine	8-17	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	72-76
27965423-0	2016	Increased activity of TNAP compensates for reduced adenosine production and promotes ectopic calcification in the genetic disease ACDC.	Adenosine	51-60	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	130-134
27965423-1	2016	ACDC (arterial calcification due to deficiency of CD73) is an autosomal recessive disease resulting from loss-of-function mutations in NT5E, which encodes CD73, a 5"-ectonucleotidase that converts extracellular adenosine monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	211-220	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	0-4
27965423-5	2016	TNAP activity generated adenosine in iMSCs derived from ACDC patients but not in iMSCs from control subjects, which have CD73.	Adenosine	24-33	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	56-60
28344891-5	2017	We further demonstrate that tumor-derived TGF-beta1 induces CD39+ gammadeltaT cells from paired normal colon tissues to produce more adenosine and become potent immunosuppressive T cells.	Adenosine	133-142	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	42-51
28395340-0	2017	Testicular adenosine to inosine RNA editing in the mouse is mediated by ADARB1.	Adenosine	11-20	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1	Mus musculus	72-78
28395340-1	2017	Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing occurs in a wide range of tissues and cell types and can be catalyzed by one of the two adenosine deaminase acting on double-stranded RNA enzymes, ADAR and ADARB1.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1	Mus musculus	198-204
27933810-1	2016	Adenosine derivatives developed to activate adenosine receptors (ARs) revealed micromolar activity at serotonin 5HT2B and 5HT2C receptors (5HTRs).	Adenosine	0-9	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens	112-117
27830382-4	2016	HYPOTHESIS: Ticagrelor and rosuvastatin have additive effects on myocardial adenosine levels, and therefore, on IS and post-reperfusion activation of the NLRP3-inflammasome.	Adenosine	76-85	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Rattus norvegicus	154-159
27705752-4	2016	Four extracellular factors are necessary for the acquisition of SON expression and lineage plasticity in ePS cells: adenosine (which is produced by the 5" ecto-nucleotidase CD73 and activates in turn the PKA-dependent IL6/STAT3 pathway through the adenosine receptor ADORA2b), IL6, FGF2 and ACTIVIN A.	Adenosine	116-125	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	218-221
27705752-4	2016	Four extracellular factors are necessary for the acquisition of SON expression and lineage plasticity in ePS cells: adenosine (which is produced by the 5" ecto-nucleotidase CD73 and activates in turn the PKA-dependent IL6/STAT3 pathway through the adenosine receptor ADORA2b), IL6, FGF2 and ACTIVIN A.	Adenosine	116-125	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	222-227
27705752-4	2016	Four extracellular factors are necessary for the acquisition of SON expression and lineage plasticity in ePS cells: adenosine (which is produced by the 5" ecto-nucleotidase CD73 and activates in turn the PKA-dependent IL6/STAT3 pathway through the adenosine receptor ADORA2b), IL6, FGF2 and ACTIVIN A.	Adenosine	116-125	adenosine A2b receptor	Homo sapiens	267-274
27705752-4	2016	Four extracellular factors are necessary for the acquisition of SON expression and lineage plasticity in ePS cells: adenosine (which is produced by the 5" ecto-nucleotidase CD73 and activates in turn the PKA-dependent IL6/STAT3 pathway through the adenosine receptor ADORA2b), IL6, FGF2 and ACTIVIN A.	Adenosine	116-125	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	277-280
27705752-4	2016	Four extracellular factors are necessary for the acquisition of SON expression and lineage plasticity in ePS cells: adenosine (which is produced by the 5" ecto-nucleotidase CD73 and activates in turn the PKA-dependent IL6/STAT3 pathway through the adenosine receptor ADORA2b), IL6, FGF2 and ACTIVIN A.	Adenosine	116-125	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	282-286
27595538-1	2016	Adenosine kinase (AdK) is a key player in controlling intra- and extracellular concentrations of the signaling molecule adenosine.	Adenosine	120-129	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
29296695-2	2016	Here, we show that the CLL lymph node niche is characterized by overexpression and activation of HIF-1alpha, which increases adenosine generation and signaling, affecting tumor and host cellular responses.	Adenosine	125-134	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	97-107
27796164-8	2016	In these culture conditions, adenosine had deleterious effects, including an increase in cyclooxygenase-2 and interleukin-6, in correlation with unregulated proinsulin release.	Adenosine	29-38	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	110-123
27595538-1	2016	Adenosine kinase (AdK) is a key player in controlling intra- and extracellular concentrations of the signaling molecule adenosine.	Adenosine	120-129	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-21
27595538-5	2016	Compound screening with a newly developed assay was useful and efficient for discovering novel AdK inhibitors which may serve as lead structures for developing drugs for adenosine augmentation therapy.	Adenosine	170-179	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	95-98
27054893-1	2016	OBJECTIVES: Fibrinogen gamma-chain (dodecapeptide HHLGGAKQAGDV)-coated adenosine 5"-diphosphate-encapsulated liposomes can accumulate via dodecapeptide HHLGGAKQAGDV interactions at bleeding sites where they release adenosine 5"-diphosphate that is rapidly metabolized to adenosine, which has tissue-protective effects.	Adenosine	71-80	fibrinogen gamma chain	Mus musculus	12-34
28026807-4	2016	Administration of AMP or adenosine caused a decrease in activities of glutathione reductase (GR), GPx, catalase, a decrease in the MDA level and an increase in activities of AMPD and AD in the heart.	Adenosine	25-34	catalase	Homo sapiens	103-111
27812320-2	2016	Under baseline conditions adenosine kinase (ADK) is the primary enzyme for the metabolic clearance of adenosine.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	44-47
27812320-3	2016	By regulating the availability of adenosine, ADK is a critical upstream regulator of complex homeostatic and metabolic networks.	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	45-48
27634913-4	2016	We found that GSCs have increased intrinsic capacity to generate extracellular adenosine, thus controlling MRP1 transporter expression and activity via activation of the adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR).	Adenosine	79-88	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	170-191
27634913-4	2016	We found that GSCs have increased intrinsic capacity to generate extracellular adenosine, thus controlling MRP1 transporter expression and activity via activation of the adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR).	Adenosine	79-88	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	193-197
27054893-14	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Fibrinogen gamma-chain (dodecapeptide HHLGGAKQA GDV)-coated adenosine 5"-diphosphate-encapsulated liposomes may be effective against blast lung injury by promoting tissue-protective adenosine signaling and could represent a novel controlled-release drug delivery system.	Adenosine	73-82	fibrinogen gamma chain	Mus musculus	13-35
27054893-2	2016	We investigated the efficacy of fibrinogen gamma-chain (dodecapeptide HHLGGAKQAGDV)-coated adenosine 5"-diphosphate-encapsulated liposomes to treat blast lung injury, with a focus on adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	91-100	fibrinogen gamma chain	Mus musculus	32-54
27430240-0	2016	Adenosine and the adenosine A2A receptor agonist, CGS21680, upregulate CD39 and CD73 expression through E2F-1 and CREB in regulatory T cells isolated from septic mice.	Adenosine	0-9	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	114-118
27491077-2	2016	Similar to our recent results in SOD1(G93A) mice, TDP-43(A315T) mice fed a standard pellet diet showed increased 5" adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation at postnatal day (P)80, indicating elevated energetic stress during disease progression.	Adenosine	116-125	TAR DNA binding protein	Mus musculus	50-56
27557561-10	2016	CONCLUSION: Simvastatin reversed IL-13-suppressed ADA activity that leads to the down-regulation of adenosine signaling and therefore inhibits OPN expression through the direct inhibition of IL-13-activated STAT6 pathway.	Adenosine	100-109	interleukin 13	Homo sapiens	33-38
27430240-7	2016	E2F-1 and CREB induced CD39 and CD73 expression, and were upregulated by adenosine and CGS21680.	Adenosine	73-82	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	10-14
27430240-8	2016	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis and adenosine generation were inhibited by the knockdown of E2F-1 or CREB, and were accelerated in the presence of CGS21680.	Adenosine	44-53	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	109-113
27418253-10	2016	However, treatment of diabetic rats with adenosine significantly decreased the plasma KIM-1 and TNF-alpha levels compared to DM + saline group.	Adenosine	41-50	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	96-105
27557561-10	2016	CONCLUSION: Simvastatin reversed IL-13-suppressed ADA activity that leads to the down-regulation of adenosine signaling and therefore inhibits OPN expression through the direct inhibition of IL-13-activated STAT6 pathway.	Adenosine	100-109	interleukin 13	Homo sapiens	191-196
27410258-1	2016	Adenosine kinase (AdK) inhibitors raise endogenous adenosine levels, particularly in disease states, and have potential for treatment of seizures, neurodegeneration, and inflammation.	Adenosine	51-60	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-16
27317588-8	2016	Similarly, regression of coexpressed genes with metabolites found that adenosine, which was negatively associated with inflammatory markers and tumor burden, was also correlated with a gene module enriched with Akt regulators.	Adenosine	71-80	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	211-214
27476546-3	2016	Adenosine through adenosine A2a receptor (A2aAR) could inhibit nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling pathway in inflammation.	Adenosine	0-9	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	63-84
27476546-3	2016	Adenosine through adenosine A2a receptor (A2aAR) could inhibit nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling pathway in inflammation.	Adenosine	0-9	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	86-95
27410258-1	2016	Adenosine kinase (AdK) inhibitors raise endogenous adenosine levels, particularly in disease states, and have potential for treatment of seizures, neurodegeneration, and inflammation.	Adenosine	51-60	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-21
26965147-5	2016	The effects of adenosine on V te, an equivalent short-circuit current (I sc), and whole-cell Cl(-) currents were inhibited by CFTRinh-172, a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl(-) channel inhibitor.	Adenosine	15-24	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	141-192
27066978-2	2016	Previous studies have shown that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated mouse macrophages produce adenosine, and the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) signaling activated in an autocrine manner attenuates LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine formation.	Adenosine	95-104	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	53-56
26965147-5	2016	The effects of adenosine on V te, an equivalent short-circuit current (I sc), and whole-cell Cl(-) currents were inhibited by CFTRinh-172, a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl(-) channel inhibitor.	Adenosine	15-24	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	126-130
26965147-10	2016	These results demonstrate that luminal adenosine regulates anion secretion by activating CFTR Cl(-) channels via adenosine A2B receptors on the luminal membranes of Capan-1 cells.	Adenosine	39-48	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	89-93
27114365-6	2016	Furthermore adenosine increased the activities of GSH-Px and SOD, as well as retained mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and reduced the expression of ERK, p38, and JNK.	Adenosine	12-21	glutathione peroxidase 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-64
27278076-4	2016	We have previously shown that plasma membrane CFTR increases the surface density of the adenosine 2B receptor (A2BR), but not of the beta2 adrenergic receptor (beta2AR), leading to an enhanced, adenosine-induced cAMP response in the presence of CFTR.	Adenosine	88-97	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	46-50
27278076-4	2016	We have previously shown that plasma membrane CFTR increases the surface density of the adenosine 2B receptor (A2BR), but not of the beta2 adrenergic receptor (beta2AR), leading to an enhanced, adenosine-induced cAMP response in the presence of CFTR.	Adenosine	88-97	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	245-249
27375429-4	2016	Among other gliotransmitters, astrocytes control the availability of adenosine, an endogenous neuroprotectant and modulator of cognition, via metabolic clearance through adenosine kinase (ADK).	Adenosine	69-78	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	170-186
27375429-4	2016	Among other gliotransmitters, astrocytes control the availability of adenosine, an endogenous neuroprotectant and modulator of cognition, via metabolic clearance through adenosine kinase (ADK).	Adenosine	69-78	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	188-191
27114365-6	2016	Furthermore adenosine increased the activities of GSH-Px and SOD, as well as retained mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and reduced the expression of ERK, p38, and JNK.	Adenosine	12-21	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	135-140
27114365-6	2016	Furthermore adenosine increased the activities of GSH-Px and SOD, as well as retained mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and reduced the expression of ERK, p38, and JNK.	Adenosine	12-21	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	182-185
26706942-1	2016	We report here an ultrasensitive strategy based on the recognition-induced conformational alteration of aptamer and fluorescence turn-on abilities of guanine-rich (G-rich) DNA sequence in proximity to silver nanoclusters for adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine (A) and thrombin (TB) detection.	Adenosine	225-234	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	273-281
27347335-0	2016	Adenosine promotes Foxp3 expression in Treg cells in sepsis model by activating JNK/AP-1 pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	80-83
27347335-14	2016	Adenosine promotes Foxp3 expression in Treg cells during sepsis via JNK/AP-1 pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	68-71
26983602-1	2016	Adenosine kinase (ADK) plays a pivotal role in regulating brain function by regulating adenosine level, and ADK inhibition protects against neuronal damage in cerebral ischemia and epilepsy; however, the effects of ADK in traumatic brain injury (TBI) have not been investigated.	Adenosine	87-96	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-16
26983602-1	2016	Adenosine kinase (ADK) plays a pivotal role in regulating brain function by regulating adenosine level, and ADK inhibition protects against neuronal damage in cerebral ischemia and epilepsy; however, the effects of ADK in traumatic brain injury (TBI) have not been investigated.	Adenosine	87-96	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
26518371-5	2016	The actions of ATP are mediated by ionotropic P2X and metabotropic P2Y receptor subfamilies, whilst the actions of adenosine are mediated by P1 (A1 or A2) adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	115-124	BCL2 related protein A1	Homo sapiens	141-153
24673827-2	2016	The presence of an adenosine (TNF2 allele) instead of a guanine (TNF1 allele) at position -308 may be responsible for a general increase in the transcriptional activity of the TNF-alpha gene.	Adenosine	19-28	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	176-185
27007871-1	2016	To test the hypothesis that inhibitors of human concentrative nucleoside transporter 2 (hCNT2) suppress increases in serum urate levels derived from dietary purines, we previously identified adenosine derivative 1 as a potent hCNT2 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.64 muM), but further study was hampered due to its poor solubility.	Adenosine	191-200	latexin	Homo sapiens	255-258
27088570-5	2016	The released PO4(3-) interacted with ADP to form ATP, and then degraded into adenosine, an ATP metabolite, which interacted with A2b adenosine receptor to activate the cAMP/PKA pathway, resulting in the high expression of osteogenesis-related genes, such as Runx2, BMP-2, and OCN.	Adenosine	77-86	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	258-263
27088570-5	2016	The released PO4(3-) interacted with ADP to form ATP, and then degraded into adenosine, an ATP metabolite, which interacted with A2b adenosine receptor to activate the cAMP/PKA pathway, resulting in the high expression of osteogenesis-related genes, such as Runx2, BMP-2, and OCN.	Adenosine	77-86	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Homo sapiens	276-279
26858178-8	2016	Gene expression analysis, targeted at dopamine, adenosine, and glutamate receptor subunit genes, revealed significant transcript down-regulation in the dorsal striatum of AMPA, NMDA, D1 and D2 receptor subunit mRNA expression in the group that received combined treatment, but not after individual administration.	Adenosine	48-57	dopamine receptor D2	Mus musculus	190-201
26537817-7	2016	Treatment of mutant SOD1 G93A mice with HRS preserved mitochondrial function, marked by restored activities of Complex I and IV, reduced mitochondrial ROS formation and enhanced mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate synthesis.	Adenosine	192-201	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	20-24
26804983-3	2016	Adenosine and its four cognate receptors (A1 , A2A , A2B and A3 ) have important roles in physiological and pathophysiological states, including chronic pain.	Adenosine	0-9	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-28	Homo sapiens	53-63
26603295-5	2016	Treatment with adenosine dialdehyde (AdOx), a representative global methyltransferase inhibitor, remarkably mitigated the cytoplasmic mislocalization and aggregation of FUS mutant, which is consistent with previous reports.	Adenosine	15-24	FUS RNA binding protein	Homo sapiens	169-172
26574187-5	2016	We found that acute exposure to hypercapnia significantly reduced forskolin-stimulated elevations in intracellular cAMP as well as both adenosine- and forskolin-stimulated increases in CFTR-dependent transepithelial short-circuit current, in polarised cultures of Calu-3 human airway cells.	Adenosine	136-145	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	185-189
26806404-10	2016	Results showed HBO exposure could increase adenosine content by inhibiting ADK activity and improving 5"-nucleotidase activity.	Adenosine	43-52	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
26940652-7	2016	The critical regulatory metabolites succinate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, arginine, ornithine and adenosine were increased in LPS-stimulated macrophages from young mice, but not macrophages from old mice.	Adenosine	96-105	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	124-127
26944127-3	2016	In the present study, we hypothesized that the adenosinergic system may be involved in visceral nociception, and thus, adenosine signaling may mediate orexin-induced visceral antinociception.	Adenosine	47-56	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	151-157
26973651-11	2016	IFN-gamma-treated macrophages become less sensitive to the regulatory effects of adenosine, allowing them to sustain macrophage activation for the duration of an adaptive immune response.	Adenosine	81-90	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
26626486-2	2016	We recently showed a novel mechanism by which A1R activation with N(6)-cyclopentyl adenosine (CPA) induced GluA1 and GluA2 AMPA receptor (AMPAR) endocytosis and adenosine-induced persistent synaptic depression (APSD) in rat hippocampus.	Adenosine	83-92	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-112
25431268-0	2016	Hypocretin/orexin antagonism enhances sleep-related adenosine and GABA neurotransmission in rat basal forebrain.	Adenosine	52-61	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	0-17
26626486-2	2016	We recently showed a novel mechanism by which A1R activation with N(6)-cyclopentyl adenosine (CPA) induced GluA1 and GluA2 AMPA receptor (AMPAR) endocytosis and adenosine-induced persistent synaptic depression (APSD) in rat hippocampus.	Adenosine	83-92	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	117-122
26879172-0	2016	Upregulation of inducible NO synthase by exogenous adenosine in vascular smooth muscle cells activated by inflammatory stimuli in experimental diabetes.	Adenosine	51-60	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	16-37
26710791-11	2016	HUVECs from GDM pregnancies exhibit a differential requirement of A1AR or A2AAR depending on the level of insulin, a phenomenon that represent a condition where adenosine or analogues of this nucleoside could be acting as helpers of insulin biological effects in GDM.	Adenosine	161-170	insulin	Homo sapiens	106-113
26710791-11	2016	HUVECs from GDM pregnancies exhibit a differential requirement of A1AR or A2AAR depending on the level of insulin, a phenomenon that represent a condition where adenosine or analogues of this nucleoside could be acting as helpers of insulin biological effects in GDM.	Adenosine	161-170	insulin	Homo sapiens	233-240
26879172-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Adenosine has been shown to induce nitric oxide (NO) production via inducible NO synthase (iNOS) activation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).	Adenosine	12-21	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	80-101
26879172-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Adenosine has been shown to induce nitric oxide (NO) production via inducible NO synthase (iNOS) activation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).	Adenosine	12-21	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	103-107
26879172-9	2016	RESULTS: Treatment with adenosine-degrading enzymes or receptor antagonists increased iNOS formation in activated VSMCs from nondiabetic and diabetic rats.	Adenosine	24-33	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	86-90
26879172-12	2016	Addition of high concentrations of adenosine and its precursors or analogues enhanced iNOS formation solely in diabetic VSMCs.	Adenosine	35-44	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	86-90
26879172-16	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Endogenous adenosine prevented cytokine- and LPS-induced iNOS activation in VSMCs.	Adenosine	24-33	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	70-74
26879172-17	2016	By contrast, supplementation with adenosine and its precursors or analogues enhanced iNOS levels in diabetic VSMCs.	Adenosine	34-43	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	85-89
26879172-19	2016	Thus, overactivation of the adenosine system may foster iNOS-mediated diabetic vascular dysfunction.	Adenosine	28-37	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
26310829-5	2016	Addition of 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine, an adenosine receptor agonist, significantly decreased CD4(+)CD25(lo) cells, confirming a modulatory role of adenosine acting via adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	33-42	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	99-102
26858459-7	2016	Recombinant MIF used at newborn, but not adult, concentrations counterregulated adenosine and prostaglandin E2-mediated inhibition of ERK1/2 activation and TNF production in newborn monocytes exposed to E. coli.	Adenosine	80-89	macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor)	Mus musculus	12-15
26527068-9	2016	Increased adenosine levels were associated with elevation of IL-6 and IL-17, which are important inflammatory cytokines in pulmonary fibrosis.	Adenosine	10-19	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	61-65
26527068-10	2016	These results demonstrate that extracellular adenosine levels are closely associated with the progression of experimental pulmonary fibrosis and that this signaling pathway may mediate fibrosis by regulating IL-6 and IL-17 production.	Adenosine	45-54	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	208-212
26848880-5	2016	Adenosine (10(-6) M) was also applied on veins during preconstriction with endothelin-1 (10(-8) M).	Adenosine	0-9	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	75-87
26848880-10	2016	Adenosine produced a dose-dependent dilation reaching 113.0 +- 2.4% at 10(-4) M. Adenosine (10(-6) M) induced a significant dilation in endothelin-1 (10(-8) M)-contracted vessels.	Adenosine	0-9	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	136-148
26848880-10	2016	Adenosine produced a dose-dependent dilation reaching 113.0 +- 2.4% at 10(-4) M. Adenosine (10(-6) M) induced a significant dilation in endothelin-1 (10(-8) M)-contracted vessels.	Adenosine	81-90	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	136-148
26403521-5	2016	To date, reported screening assays for LRRK2 have been based on detection of labeled adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate or on antibody-based detection of phosphorylation events.	Adenosine	85-94	leucine rich repeat kinase 2	Homo sapiens	39-44
26403521-5	2016	To date, reported screening assays for LRRK2 have been based on detection of labeled adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate or on antibody-based detection of phosphorylation events.	Adenosine	112-121	leucine rich repeat kinase 2	Homo sapiens	39-44
26606937-2	2016	Here we use the potent, specific A3AR agonists MRS5698, MRS5841, and MRS5980 to show that adenosine also induces hypothermia via the A3AR.	Adenosine	90-99	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	33-37
26606937-2	2016	Here we use the potent, specific A3AR agonists MRS5698, MRS5841, and MRS5980 to show that adenosine also induces hypothermia via the A3AR.	Adenosine	90-99	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	133-137
26778273-4	2016	The assay exhibited a linear response for adenosine in the concentration range of 5 to 120 muM (R(2) = 0.992), and the limit of detection for adenosine was 5 muM.	Adenosine	42-51	latexin	Homo sapiens	91-94
26937921-8	2016	Furthermore, mean adenosine plasma levels decreased during hyperoxic exposure before (0.31 +- 0.08 muM) and during head-up tilt test (0.33 +- 0.09 muM) when compared with baseline (0.6 +- 0.1 muM).	Adenosine	18-27	latexin	Homo sapiens	99-102
26937921-8	2016	Furthermore, mean adenosine plasma levels decreased during hyperoxic exposure before (0.31 +- 0.08 muM) and during head-up tilt test (0.33 +- 0.09 muM) when compared with baseline (0.6 +- 0.1 muM).	Adenosine	18-27	latexin	Homo sapiens	147-150
26937921-8	2016	Furthermore, mean adenosine plasma levels decreased during hyperoxic exposure before (0.31 +- 0.08 muM) and during head-up tilt test (0.33 +- 0.09 muM) when compared with baseline (0.6 +- 0.1 muM).	Adenosine	18-27	latexin	Homo sapiens	147-150
26937921-9	2016	Adenosine plasma level was unchanged during medical air exposure at rest (0.6 +- 0.1 muM), and slightly decreased during orthostatic stress.	Adenosine	0-9	latexin	Homo sapiens	85-88
26778273-4	2016	The assay exhibited a linear response for adenosine in the concentration range of 5 to 120 muM (R(2) = 0.992), and the limit of detection for adenosine was 5 muM.	Adenosine	142-151	latexin	Homo sapiens	158-161
26646217-4	2016	The different effects of the selective adenosine antagonists suggest that antagonism at the level of the adenosine A2A and A1 or the adenosine A3 receptors result in either enhancement or suppression of IgG1 mAb production by hybridoma cells.	Adenosine	39-48	brain protein 1	Mus musculus	115-125
26646217-4	2016	The different effects of the selective adenosine antagonists suggest that antagonism at the level of the adenosine A2A and A1 or the adenosine A3 receptors result in either enhancement or suppression of IgG1 mAb production by hybridoma cells.	Adenosine	39-48	immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 (G1m marker)	Mus musculus	203-207
26194548-9	2016	Conversely, patients with NSAID-LTP-A were characterized by reduced expression of IFN-gamma-regulated genes and IFN-gamma levels, as well as upregulated expression of adenosine receptor 3 (ADORA3) and genes related to adenosine metabolism.	Adenosine	167-176	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	189-195
26706174-0	2016	Development and structural analysis of adenosine site binding tankyrase inhibitors.	Adenosine	39-48	tankyrase	Homo sapiens	62-71
25891836-1	2016	Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transport proteins ABCC1 and ABCB1 (also known as multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 and p-glycoprotein, respectively), are key membrane efflux transporters of drugs and endogenous substrates, including in the brain.	Adenosine	0-9	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1	Homo sapiens	65-70
25891836-1	2016	Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transport proteins ABCC1 and ABCB1 (also known as multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 and p-glycoprotein, respectively), are key membrane efflux transporters of drugs and endogenous substrates, including in the brain.	Adenosine	0-9	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	75-80
25891836-1	2016	Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transport proteins ABCC1 and ABCB1 (also known as multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 and p-glycoprotein, respectively), are key membrane efflux transporters of drugs and endogenous substrates, including in the brain.	Adenosine	0-9	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1	Homo sapiens	96-137
25891836-1	2016	Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transport proteins ABCC1 and ABCB1 (also known as multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 and p-glycoprotein, respectively), are key membrane efflux transporters of drugs and endogenous substrates, including in the brain.	Adenosine	0-9	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	142-156
26625714-4	2016	METHODS AND RESULTS: Elevation of cAMP using forskolin, dibutyryl-cAMP or the physiological agonists, Cicaprost or adenosine, significantly increased phosphorylation and nuclear export YAP and TAZ and inhibited TEAD-luciferase report gene activity.	Adenosine	115-124	tafazzin, phospholipid-lysophospholipid transacylase	Homo sapiens	193-196
26331349-5	2015	Interestingly, we report that adenosine signalling through A2A receptor favours interleukin-17 production and the expression of stem cell-associated transcription factors such as tcf-7 and lef-1 but restrains the acquisition of Tc1-related effector molecules such as interferon-gamma and Granzyme B by Tc17 cells.	Adenosine	30-39	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	267-283
25428621-0	2016	Mdivi-1 Protects Against Ischemic Brain Injury via Elevating Extracellular Adenosine in a cAMP/CREB-CD39-Dependent Manner.	Adenosine	75-84	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	95-99
26774140-5	2016	Moreover, by determining the expression of molecules which were involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) progress, we found that epithelial marker E-cadherin was significantly increased in response to adenosine treatment, while the mesenchymal markers including N-cadherin and fibronectin were decreased.	Adenosine	215-224	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	161-171
26774140-5	2016	Moreover, by determining the expression of molecules which were involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) progress, we found that epithelial marker E-cadherin was significantly increased in response to adenosine treatment, while the mesenchymal markers including N-cadherin and fibronectin were decreased.	Adenosine	215-224	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	291-302
26521170-5	2015	The A(1) receptor-mediated inhibition of evoked [(3)H]ACh release by adenosine (100 muM), NECA (1 muM), and R-PIA (0.3 muM) was enhanced in BPH bladders.	Adenosine	69-78	latexin	Homo sapiens	84-87
26625935-8	2015	In addition, the inhibition of nPKCepsilon translocation and therefore its activity impedes that presynaptic muscarinic autoreceptors and adenosine autoreceptors modulate transmitter secretion.	Adenosine	138-147	protein kinase C, epsilon	Rattus norvegicus	31-42
26442287-6	2015	With the elegant amplification effect of HCR, this assay showed a low detection limit (15 nM for Hg(2+) and 1 muM for adenosine), which was lower than or at least comparable to previous AuNP-based methods.	Adenosine	118-127	latexin	Homo sapiens	110-113
26335190-0	2015	Presymptomatic and symptomatic ALS SOD1(G93A) mice differ in adenosine A1 and A2A receptor-mediated tonic modulation of neuromuscular transmission.	Adenosine	61-70	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	35-39
26734868-4	2015	The effects of adenosine, which acts through its receptors on T cell, on mast cell and macrophages, on endothelial cells, on neutrophils and dendritic cells, as they indicate TNF-alpha and cytokines, show that this mediator has a central role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.	Adenosine	15-24	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	175-184
26549640-4	2015	CD39(+)CD8(+) T cells substantially inhibit IFNgamma production by CD39(-)CD8(+) T cells via the paracrine generation of adenosine, which is operational via adenosine type 2A receptors.	Adenosine	121-130	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	44-52
26549640-6	2015	Our findings provide insights into Tc1-mediated IFNgamma responses and ROS generation and link these pathways to CD39/adenosine-mediated effects in immunological disease.	Adenosine	118-127	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	48-56
26355158-4	2015	IFN-gamma priming of macrophages selectively prevents the induction of the A2bR in macrophages to mitigate sensitivity to adenosine and to prevent this regulatory transition.	Adenosine	122-131	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
26251265-2	2015	Active vitamin D (1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; 1,25(OH)2 D3) up-regulates CD4(+) T-cell expression of the purine ectonucleotidase CD39, a molecule that is associated with the generation of anti-inflammatory adenosine.	Adenosine	209-218	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	76-79
25980546-6	2015	Adenosine increased LPS-induced HIF-1alpha accumulation leading to an increase in HIF-1alpha target genes involved in cell metabolism [glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1)] and pathogens killing [inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS)] but did not induce HIF-1alpha dependent genes related to angiogenesis [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] and inflammation [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)].	Adenosine	0-9	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	190-221
25980546-6	2015	Adenosine increased LPS-induced HIF-1alpha accumulation leading to an increase in HIF-1alpha target genes involved in cell metabolism [glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1)] and pathogens killing [inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS)] but did not induce HIF-1alpha dependent genes related to angiogenesis [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] and inflammation [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)].	Adenosine	0-9	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	223-227
25980546-6	2015	Adenosine increased LPS-induced HIF-1alpha accumulation leading to an increase in HIF-1alpha target genes involved in cell metabolism [glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1)] and pathogens killing [inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS)] but did not induce HIF-1alpha dependent genes related to angiogenesis [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] and inflammation [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)].	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	362-389
25980546-6	2015	Adenosine increased LPS-induced HIF-1alpha accumulation leading to an increase in HIF-1alpha target genes involved in cell metabolism [glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1)] and pathogens killing [inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS)] but did not induce HIF-1alpha dependent genes related to angiogenesis [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] and inflammation [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)].	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	391-400
25980546-9	2015	In conclusion adenosine increases GLUT-1 and iNOS gene expression in a HIF-1alpha-dependent way, through A2A and A2B receptors, suggesting their role in the regulation of microglial cells function following injury.	Adenosine	14-23	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	45-49
26355158-8	2015	Thus, we propose a novel mechanism whereby IFN-gamma contributes to host defense by desensitizing macrophages to the immunoregulatory effects of adenosine.	Adenosine	145-154	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	43-52
25979489-7	2015	Here we will specifically focus on the "adenosine hypothesis of comorbidities" implying that astrocyte activation, via overexpression of adenosine kinase (ADK), induces a deficiency in the homeostatic tone of adenosine.	Adenosine	40-49	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	137-153
26318451-2	2015	Recently we reported that YTHDC1 prefers guanosine and disfavors adenosine at the position preceding the m(6)A nucleotide in RNA and preferentially binds to the GG(m(6)A)C sequence.	Adenosine	65-74	YTH domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	26-32
26213104-4	2015	Adenosine-induced activation of Galphai-3 emerged only when GDP concentrations were increased higher than 10 muM, and the following experiments were performed in the presence of 300 muM GDP.	Adenosine	0-9	latexin	Homo sapiens	109-112
26213104-4	2015	Adenosine-induced activation of Galphai-3 emerged only when GDP concentrations were increased higher than 10 muM, and the following experiments were performed in the presence of 300 muM GDP.	Adenosine	0-9	latexin	Homo sapiens	182-185
26213104-5	2015	Adenosine increased specific [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding to Galphai-3 in a concentration-dependent manner to 251.4% of the basal unstimulated binding, with an EC50 of 1.77 muM.	Adenosine	0-9	latexin	Homo sapiens	169-172
25979489-7	2015	Here we will specifically focus on the "adenosine hypothesis of comorbidities" implying that astrocyte activation, via overexpression of adenosine kinase (ADK), induces a deficiency in the homeostatic tone of adenosine.	Adenosine	40-49	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	155-158
25979489-7	2015	Here we will specifically focus on the "adenosine hypothesis of comorbidities" implying that astrocyte activation, via overexpression of adenosine kinase (ADK), induces a deficiency in the homeostatic tone of adenosine.	Adenosine	137-146	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	155-158
25659586-6	2015	We report here the ability of p73 to upregulate the expression of the A2B receptor, a recently characterized p53 target that effectively promotes cell death in response to extracellular adenosine--a metabolite that accumulates during various forms of cellular stress.	Adenosine	186-195	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	109-112
25659586-10	2015	We therefore propose an alternate and distinct p53-independent pathway to stimulate programmed cell death involving p73-mediated engagement of adenosine signalling.	Adenosine	143-152	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	47-50
26224775-4	2015	In contrast, severe AIH (sAIH; three 5-min episodes, PaO2 ~25-30 mmHG) elicits pLTF by an adenosine-dependent mechanism that requires new TrkB synthesis and Akt signaling.	Adenosine	90-99	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	157-160
26371472-1	2015	Previous work by our group described that human beta-defensin-2 induces accumulation of extracellular adenosine (Ado) in E. coli cultures through a non-lytic mechanism causing severe plasmolysis.	Adenosine	102-111	defensin beta 4A	Homo sapiens	48-63
26371472-1	2015	Previous work by our group described that human beta-defensin-2 induces accumulation of extracellular adenosine (Ado) in E. coli cultures through a non-lytic mechanism causing severe plasmolysis.	Adenosine	113-116	defensin beta 4A	Homo sapiens	48-63
26442031-2	2015	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH), catalyzing the reversible hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) to adenosine and homocysteine, is a key enzyme that maintain the cellular methylation potential in all organisms.	Adenosine	113-122	adenosylhomocysteinase	Solanum lycopersicum	34-38
26211713-6	2015	Treating the vessels with a clinically relevant sub-vasomotor concentration of ET-1 (10pmol/L, 60min) significantly attenuated arteriolar dilations to adenosine and serotonin but not to endothelium-independent vasodilator sodium nitroprusside.	Adenosine	151-160	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	79-83
26224775-11	2015	Thus spinal mTOR activity is required for adenosine-dependent (sAIH) but not serotonin-dependent (mAIH) pLTF, suggesting that distinct mechanisms regulate new protein synthesis in these forms of spinal neuroplasticity.	Adenosine	42-51	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	12-16
26284788-10	2015	Of these 5, adenosine was also lower in obese and in tumor-bearing mice (p&lt;0.05) and its concentration was inversely associated with colonic Il1b and Tnf production (p&lt;0.05).	Adenosine	12-21	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	144-148
26263491-3	2015	Since conditions associated with a large increase of adenosine in the brain such as seizures or ischemia were reported to modify the expression of some RGS proteins we hypothesized that adenosine might regulate RGS expression in neural cells.	Adenosine	186-195	paired like homeodomain 2	Homo sapiens	152-155
26150530-5	2015	Exposure of TLR4 or TNF-alpha-stimulated monocytes to adenosine analogs directs changes in the expression of MIP-3alpha and IL-23p19, with NR4A2 depletion leading to significantly enhanced expression of these factors.	Adenosine	54-63	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	12-16
26150530-5	2015	Exposure of TLR4 or TNF-alpha-stimulated monocytes to adenosine analogs directs changes in the expression of MIP-3alpha and IL-23p19, with NR4A2 depletion leading to significantly enhanced expression of these factors.	Adenosine	54-63	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	20-29
26263491-3	2015	Since conditions associated with a large increase of adenosine in the brain such as seizures or ischemia were reported to modify the expression of some RGS proteins we hypothesized that adenosine might regulate RGS expression in neural cells.	Adenosine	53-62	paired like homeodomain 2	Homo sapiens	152-155
26263491-3	2015	Since conditions associated with a large increase of adenosine in the brain such as seizures or ischemia were reported to modify the expression of some RGS proteins we hypothesized that adenosine might regulate RGS expression in neural cells.	Adenosine	186-195	paired like homeodomain 2	Homo sapiens	211-214
26263491-3	2015	Since conditions associated with a large increase of adenosine in the brain such as seizures or ischemia were reported to modify the expression of some RGS proteins we hypothesized that adenosine might regulate RGS expression in neural cells.	Adenosine	53-62	paired like homeodomain 2	Homo sapiens	211-214
26263491-9	2015	Expression of RGS-3 was inhibited by adenosine agonists in both astrocytoma cells and astrocytes.	Adenosine	37-46	regulator of G protein signaling 3	Homo sapiens	14-19
25724083-9	2015	Adenosine inhibits fEPSPs and PSCaTs (IC50 = 25 microM), sensitive to MRS1220-antagonism (A3AR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	90-94
26252389-6	2015	The modulation of burst frequency upon PAR1 activation was blocked by the non-selective adenosine-receptor antagonist theophylline and by the A1-receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, but not by the A2A-receptor antagonist SCH5826, indicating production of extracellular adenosine upon glial stimulation, followed by A1-receptor mediated inhibition of neuronal activity.	Adenosine	88-97	coagulation factor II thrombin receptor	Homo sapiens	39-43
25877465-3	2015	Furthermore, we compared the change in the interstitial adenosine level caused by ADA inhibition and nucleoside transport blockade, two well-established processes to stimulate the cell surface A1 adenosine receptors, in both thyroid states.	Adenosine	56-65	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	82-85
25877465-8	2015	Nevertheless, ADA inhibition produced a smaller rise in the interstitial adenosine concentration than nucleoside transport blockade did in both thyroid states.	Adenosine	73-82	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	14-17
25877465-9	2015	Our results indicate that ADA inhibition, besides increasing the interstitial adenosine level, intensifies the atrial A1 adenosinergic function in another (thyroid hormone-sensitive) way, suggesting a new mechanism of action of ADA inhibition.	Adenosine	78-87	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	26-29
25877465-9	2015	Our results indicate that ADA inhibition, besides increasing the interstitial adenosine level, intensifies the atrial A1 adenosinergic function in another (thyroid hormone-sensitive) way, suggesting a new mechanism of action of ADA inhibition.	Adenosine	78-87	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	228-231
25779930-10	2015	Taken together, our results provide compelling novel evidence that A2aR-mediated adenosine signaling contributes to the selective spinal motor neuron degeneration observed in the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS.	Adenosine	81-90	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	179-183
26025137-2	2015	Previous work demonstrated that Abeta decreases activity-induced BDNF transcription by regulating cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation.	Adenosine	105-114	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	32-37
25700347-4	2015	In mast cell cultures, only adenine among cytosine, adenine, adenosine, ADP and ATP dose-dependently suppressed FceRI (a high affinity receptor for IgE)-mediated degranulation with a median inhibitory concentration of 1.6mM.	Adenosine	61-70	Fc receptor, IgE, high affinity I, alpha polypeptide	Mus musculus	112-117
25817730-0	2015	Adenosine induces apoptosis through TNFR1/RIPK1/P38 axis in colon cancer cells.	Adenosine	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	48-51
25817730-6	2015	Importantly, we found that adenosine increases the expression of TNFR1 and RIPK1 and the phosphorylation of p38.	Adenosine	27-36	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	108-111
25817730-8	2015	These results indicate that a TNFR1/RIPK1/P38 axis is present in adenosine-induced apoptosis of colonic cancer cells.	Adenosine	65-74	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	42-45
25921624-5	2015	Bioinformatic analysis predicted insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (AMPK/PGC1alpha) signaling pathways as upstream regulators.	Adenosine	74-83	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	193-197
25921624-5	2015	Bioinformatic analysis predicted insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (AMPK/PGC1alpha) signaling pathways as upstream regulators.	Adenosine	74-83	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	198-207
26051465-8	2015	An ADK-deficient cell may act as a bioreactor that sustainably releases adenosine.	Adenosine	72-81	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	3-6
26191370-7	2015	This is the first demonstration in nonribose adenosine analogues that the 1-deaza modification can maintain high A3AR affinity, selectivity, and efficacy.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	113-117
26003082-9	2015	Gap junction inhibitors suppressed the increases in adenosine and adenine nucleotide levels by reduction of [Ca(2+)]e. These results indicate that extracellular adenosine accumulation by ADK/ADA inhibition is due to the adenosine release via ENT2, while that by reduction of [Ca(2+)]e is due to breakdown of ATP released via gap junction hemichannels, after which ENT2 incorporates adenosine into the cells.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	187-190
25717146-9	2015	MUO SVCs also displayed up-regulation of the A2AR, allowing extracellular adenosine to increase IL-1beta local secretion.	Adenosine	74-83	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	96-104
25717146-12	2015	Finally, our study reveals a proinflammatory role for adenosine in sustaining IL-1beta production in this tissue.	Adenosine	54-63	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	78-86
26003082-5	2015	The combination of adenosine kinase and deaminase (ADK/ADA) inhibition and a reduced [Ca(2+)]e increased the extracellular adenosine level.	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	51-58
26003082-6	2015	ADK/ADA inhibitors increased the level of extracellular adenosine but not of adenine nucleotides, which was suppressed by inhibition of equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT) 2.	Adenosine	56-65	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
26003082-9	2015	Gap junction inhibitors suppressed the increases in adenosine and adenine nucleotide levels by reduction of [Ca(2+)]e. These results indicate that extracellular adenosine accumulation by ADK/ADA inhibition is due to the adenosine release via ENT2, while that by reduction of [Ca(2+)]e is due to breakdown of ATP released via gap junction hemichannels, after which ENT2 incorporates adenosine into the cells.	Adenosine	161-170	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	187-190
26003082-9	2015	Gap junction inhibitors suppressed the increases in adenosine and adenine nucleotide levels by reduction of [Ca(2+)]e. These results indicate that extracellular adenosine accumulation by ADK/ADA inhibition is due to the adenosine release via ENT2, while that by reduction of [Ca(2+)]e is due to breakdown of ATP released via gap junction hemichannels, after which ENT2 incorporates adenosine into the cells.	Adenosine	161-170	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	187-190
26003082-9	2015	Gap junction inhibitors suppressed the increases in adenosine and adenine nucleotide levels by reduction of [Ca(2+)]e. These results indicate that extracellular adenosine accumulation by ADK/ADA inhibition is due to the adenosine release via ENT2, while that by reduction of [Ca(2+)]e is due to breakdown of ATP released via gap junction hemichannels, after which ENT2 incorporates adenosine into the cells.	Adenosine	161-170	adenosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	187-190
25714986-1	2015	The repair ligation-mediated light-producing DNA machine can produce light through transforming the repetitive DNA cleavage/ligation motions into optical energy without the requirement of either external reporting reagents or excitation light, and it can be applied for sensitive and selective detection of DNA, thrombin, adenosine, potassium ions (K(+)) and endonuclease even in human serum.	Adenosine	322-331	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	312-320
25661425-7	2015	Sodium nitroprussiate (SNP, 10nM), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, was used to evaluate the effect of NO on insulin resistance induced by adenosine antagonists.	Adenosine	133-142	insulin	Homo sapiens	103-110
25573752-9	2015	In conclusion, stimulation of A2AR by specific agonists or by increasing endogenous adenosine levels stimulates new bone formation as well as BMP-2 and represents a novel approach to stimulating bone regeneration.	Adenosine	84-93	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Mus musculus	142-147
25849562-2	2015	We identified adenosine (ADO) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) as active pharmacologic compounds present in Phlebotomus papatasi saliva that inhibit dendritic cell (DC) functions through a PGE2/IL 10-dependent mechanism.	Adenosine	14-23	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	195-200
25849562-2	2015	We identified adenosine (ADO) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) as active pharmacologic compounds present in Phlebotomus papatasi saliva that inhibit dendritic cell (DC) functions through a PGE2/IL 10-dependent mechanism.	Adenosine	25-28	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	195-200
25644539-3	2015	We hypothesized that expression of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1), which generates AMP, and 5"-nucleotidase (CD73), an enzyme using AMP as a substrate to produce adenosine, may co-regulate the mineralization of the aortic valve.	Adenosine	189-198	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	35-85
25644539-3	2015	We hypothesized that expression of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1), which generates AMP, and 5"-nucleotidase (CD73), an enzyme using AMP as a substrate to produce adenosine, may co-regulate the mineralization of the aortic valve.	Adenosine	189-198	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	87-91
25644539-6	2015	In isolated VICs, we found that mineralization induced by adenosine triphosphate was decreased by silencing NPP1 and 5"-nucleotidase, suggesting a role for adenosine.	Adenosine	58-67	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	108-112
25644539-10	2015	Through several lines of evidence, we next documented that adenosine stimulated the mineralization of VICs through a cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) pathway, and found that CREB positively regulated the expression of NPP1 in a positive feedback loop by physically interacting with the promoter.	Adenosine	59-68	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	258-262
25196093-14	2015	Adenosine attenuated the elevation of corticosterone and altered expression of SLC5A1, NPC1L1 and TNF-alpha.	Adenosine	0-9	NPC1 like intracellular cholesterol transporter 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-93
25196093-14	2015	Adenosine attenuated the elevation of corticosterone and altered expression of SLC5A1, NPC1L1 and TNF-alpha.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	98-107
25490964-1	2015	Type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1) promotes glutamate release by inhibition of adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	95-104	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
25687993-3	2015	Although adenosine signalling is known to affect insulin secretion, new data indicate that adenosine signalling also contributes to the regulation of beta-cell homeostasis and activity by controlling the proliferation and regeneration of these cells as well as the survival of beta cells in inflammatory microenvironments.	Adenosine	9-18	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
25687993-4	2015	Furthermore, adenosine is emerging as a major regulator of insulin responsiveness by controlling insulin signalling in adipose tissue, muscle and liver; adenosine also indirectly mediates effects on inflammatory and/or immune cells in these tissues.	Adenosine	13-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
25481834-7	2015	TNF-alpha alters mitochondrial complex-I activity, decreases adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, increases reactive oxygen species levels and mitochondrial turnover through autophagy.	Adenosine	61-70	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-9
25403716-9	2015	CD39+CD73+ cancer cells inhibited the proliferation of CD4 and CD8 T cells and the generation of cytotoxic effector CD8 T cells (CTL) in a CD39- and adenosine-dependent manner.	Adenosine	149-158	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	55-58
25432862-0	2015	Regulatory role of adenosine in insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells--action via adenosine A1 receptor and beyond.	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine A1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	89-110
25432862-5	2015	In rat islets, low adenosine was demonstrated to decrease glucose-induced insulin secretion and this effect is mediated via adenosine A1 receptor.	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine A1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	124-145
25451117-0	2015	2",3"-cAMP, 3"-AMP, 2"-AMP and adenosine inhibit TNF-alpha and CXCL10 production from activated primary murine microglia via A2A receptors.	Adenosine	31-40	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	49-58
25654762-0	2015	The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by nanoparticles through ATP, ADP and adenosine.	Adenosine	74-83	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	4-9
25592834-5	2015	Stimulation of the A2A adenosine receptor normalized the AMPK-evoked redistribution of HuR.	Adenosine	23-32	ELAV (embryonic lethal, abnormal vision)-like 1 (Hu antigen R)	Mus musculus	87-90
25654762-5	2015	Interestingly, IL-1beta secretion in response to nanoparticles is increased by enhanced ATP and ADP hydrolysis, whereas it is decreased by adenosine degradation or selective A2A or A2B receptor inhibition.	Adenosine	139-148	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	15-23
25654762-7	2015	Finally, a high dose of adenosine triggers inflammasome activation and IL-1beta secretion through adenosine cellular uptake by nucleotide transporters and by its subsequent transformation in ATP by adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	24-33	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	71-79
25654762-7	2015	Finally, a high dose of adenosine triggers inflammasome activation and IL-1beta secretion through adenosine cellular uptake by nucleotide transporters and by its subsequent transformation in ATP by adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	98-107	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	71-79
25654762-8	2015	In summary, we show for the first time that extracellular adenosine activates the NLRP3 inflammasome by two ways: by interacting with adenosine receptors at nanomolar/micromolar concentrations and through cellular uptake by equilibrative nucleoside transporters at millimolar concentrations.	Adenosine	58-67	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	82-87
25487859-5	2015	Our modeling suggested that modification of either the Watson-Crick or Hoogsteen face of adenosine would disrupt nucleotide/TLR8 interactions.	Adenosine	89-98	toll like receptor 8	Homo sapiens	124-128
25451117-5	2015	In the first experiment, the effect of 2",3"-cAMP, 3"-AMP, 2"-AMP and adenosine on LPS-induced TNF-alpha and CXCL10 production was determined.	Adenosine	70-79	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	95-104
25451117-9	2015	CONCLUSIONS: 2",3"-cAMP and its metabolites (3"-AMP, 2"-AMP and adenosine) inhibit LPS-induced TNF-alpha and CXCL10 production via A2A-receptor activation.	Adenosine	64-73	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	95-104
25451117-10	2015	Adenosine and its precursors, via A2A receptors, likely suppress TNF-alpha and CXCL10 production by activated microglia in brain diseases.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	65-74
25387836-0	2015	Adenosine stimulates angiogenesis by up-regulating production of thrombospondin-1 by macrophages.	Adenosine	0-9	thrombospondin 1	Homo sapiens	65-81
25287331-6	2015	Extracellular adenosine activates four subtypes of adenosine receptors (AR) including A1 AR, A2 A AR, A2 B AR and A3 AR.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	114-119
25351985-1	2015	Reduced adenosine uptake via human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is reversed by insulin by restoring hENT1 expression.	Adenosine	8-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	189-196
25414036-4	2015	Here, we demonstrate that increasing endogenous adenosine levels through selective adenosine kinase inhibition produces powerful analgesic effects in rodent models of experimental neuropathic pain through the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR, now known as ADORA3) signalling pathway.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	209-230
25414036-4	2015	Here, we demonstrate that increasing endogenous adenosine levels through selective adenosine kinase inhibition produces powerful analgesic effects in rodent models of experimental neuropathic pain through the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR, now known as ADORA3) signalling pathway.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	232-236
25414036-4	2015	Here, we demonstrate that increasing endogenous adenosine levels through selective adenosine kinase inhibition produces powerful analgesic effects in rodent models of experimental neuropathic pain through the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR, now known as ADORA3) signalling pathway.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	251-257
25414036-10	2015	These studies reveal A3AR activation by adenosine as an endogenous anti-nociceptive pathway and support the development of A3AR agonists as novel therapeutics to treat chronic pain.	Adenosine	40-49	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	21-25
26670373-6	2015	CONCLUSION: Dipyridamole protected against impaired angiogenesis caused by homocysteine and adenosine, at least in part, by activating the MEK/ERK signalling pathway, and this could be associated with its effects in suppressing intracellular S-adenosylhomocysteine accumulation.	Adenosine	92-101	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	139-142
25384972-6	2015	The blockade of basal (adenosine-free) signaling from A2a inhibits protein kinase A (PKA) activity, thereby recruiting cytosolic p53, which opens the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and impairs mitochondrial respiration, resulting in apoptosis.	Adenosine	23-32	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	129-132
25367782-3	2014	Addition to NSF, previously stimulated with 4-mer HA oligosaccharides, of ADO significantly reduced NF-kB activation, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta expression.	Adenosine	74-77	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	118-127
25392527-10	2014	Interestingly, adenosine generation by IL-10(-/-) B cells is impaired because of reduced expression of CD73, indicating an unexpected connection between IL-10 and adenosine and suggesting caution in interpreting the results of studies with IL-10(-/-) cells.	Adenosine	15-24	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	39-44
25392527-10	2014	Interestingly, adenosine generation by IL-10(-/-) B cells is impaired because of reduced expression of CD73, indicating an unexpected connection between IL-10 and adenosine and suggesting caution in interpreting the results of studies with IL-10(-/-) cells.	Adenosine	15-24	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	153-158
25392527-10	2014	Interestingly, adenosine generation by IL-10(-/-) B cells is impaired because of reduced expression of CD73, indicating an unexpected connection between IL-10 and adenosine and suggesting caution in interpreting the results of studies with IL-10(-/-) cells.	Adenosine	15-24	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	153-158
25392527-10	2014	Interestingly, adenosine generation by IL-10(-/-) B cells is impaired because of reduced expression of CD73, indicating an unexpected connection between IL-10 and adenosine and suggesting caution in interpreting the results of studies with IL-10(-/-) cells.	Adenosine	163-172	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	39-44
25392527-11	2014	Our findings demonstrate a novel regulatory role of B cells on colitis through adenosine generation in an IL-10-independent manner.	Adenosine	79-88	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	106-111
25367782-3	2014	Addition to NSF, previously stimulated with 4-mer HA oligosaccharides, of ADO significantly reduced NF-kB activation, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta expression.	Adenosine	74-77	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	132-140
24807122-3	2014	In addition to a role in myelination, CNPase is also involved in local adenosine production in traumatic brain injury and possibly has a regulatory function in mitochondrial membrane permeabilization.	Adenosine	71-80	2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens	38-44
25199539-5	2014	First, we found that adenosine stimulation mimicked the effect of acupuncture on microRNA profiling (including miR-339, miR-145 and miR-451) and protein level (including Sirt2) in nerve growth factor-induced differentiated PC12 cells.	Adenosine	21-30	microRNA 339	Rattus norvegicus	111-118
25232008-6	2014	We conclude that adenosine-stimulated exocytosis requires PKC- and ADAM17-dependent EGFR transactivation and that the function of ADAM17 in this pathway depends on the phosphorylation state of Ser-811 in its cytoplasmic domain.	Adenosine	17-26	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Rattus norvegicus	67-73
25199539-7	2014	Next, we found that adenosine stimulation downregulated miR-339 expression through adenosine A1 receptor-mediated pathway.	Adenosine	20-29	microRNA 339	Rattus norvegicus	56-63
24813910-1	2014	A highly sensitive and label-free electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) aptasensor for the detection of adenosine was fabricated by co-assembling thiolated aptamer, dithiothreitol (DTT) and 6-mercaptohexanol (MCH) on gold electrode surface, forming Au/aptamer-DTT/MCH.	Adenosine	111-120	pro-melanin concentrating hormone	Homo sapiens	216-219
25000478-2	2014	Among endogenous molecules regulating vascular tone is adenosine, with the adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR) exerting cardioprotective properties in ischemia and reperfusion.	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	75-96
25000478-2	2014	Among endogenous molecules regulating vascular tone is adenosine, with the adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR) exerting cardioprotective properties in ischemia and reperfusion.	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	98-102
24813910-1	2014	A highly sensitive and label-free electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) aptasensor for the detection of adenosine was fabricated by co-assembling thiolated aptamer, dithiothreitol (DTT) and 6-mercaptohexanol (MCH) on gold electrode surface, forming Au/aptamer-DTT/MCH.	Adenosine	111-120	pro-melanin concentrating hormone	Homo sapiens	256-274
24907587-0	2014	Adenosine through the A2A adenosine receptor increases IL-1beta in the brain contributing to anxiety.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	55-63
24907587-5	2014	Peripheral administration of adenosine in wild-type (WT) mice led to a 2.3-fold increase in caspase-1 activity in the amygdala and to a 33% and 42% reduction in spontaneous locomotor activity and food intake, respectively, that were not observed in caspase-1 knockout (KO), IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) KO and A2A AR KO mice or in mice administered a caspase-1 inhibitor centrally.	Adenosine	29-38	interleukin 1 receptor, type I	Mus musculus	274-294
24907587-5	2014	Peripheral administration of adenosine in wild-type (WT) mice led to a 2.3-fold increase in caspase-1 activity in the amygdala and to a 33% and 42% reduction in spontaneous locomotor activity and food intake, respectively, that were not observed in caspase-1 knockout (KO), IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) KO and A2A AR KO mice or in mice administered a caspase-1 inhibitor centrally.	Adenosine	29-38	interleukin 1 receptor, type I	Mus musculus	296-302
24907587-8	2014	Thus, our results indicate that adenosine can act as an anxiogenic by activating caspase-1 and increasing IL-1beta in the brain.	Adenosine	32-41	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	106-114
24898402-0	2014	Orexin A attenuates the sleep-promoting effect of adenosine in the lateral hypothalamus of rats.	Adenosine	50-59	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
24898402-2	2014	Studies have strongly suggested that orexin neurons are an important target in endogenous adenosine-regulated sleep homeostasis.	Adenosine	90-99	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	37-43
24898402-8	2014	However, in the presence of the NMDA receptor antagonist APV, orexin A did not induce any change of sleep and wakefulness in the first 3 h. Further, exogenous application of adenosine into the lateral hypothalamus induced a marked increase of sleep in the first 3-h post-injection.	Adenosine	174-183	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	62-70
24898402-10	2014	These findings suggest that the sleep-promoting action of adenosine can be reversed by orexin A applied to the lateral hypothalamus, perhaps by exciting glutamatergic input to orexin neurons via the action of orexin receptor 1.	Adenosine	58-67	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	87-95
24898402-10	2014	These findings suggest that the sleep-promoting action of adenosine can be reversed by orexin A applied to the lateral hypothalamus, perhaps by exciting glutamatergic input to orexin neurons via the action of orexin receptor 1.	Adenosine	58-67	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	87-93
24898402-10	2014	These findings suggest that the sleep-promoting action of adenosine can be reversed by orexin A applied to the lateral hypothalamus, perhaps by exciting glutamatergic input to orexin neurons via the action of orexin receptor 1.	Adenosine	58-67	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	176-182
24477600-0	2014	Adenosine regulates the proinflammatory signaling function of thrombin in endothelial cells.	Adenosine	0-9	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	62-70
25263205-12	2014	These results demonstrate that exposure to a hyperoxic environment causes lung injury associated with an increase in adenosine concentration, and elevated adenosine levels protect vascular barrier function in hyperoxic lung injury through the ADORA2B-dependent regulation of occludin.	Adenosine	155-164	occludin	Mus musculus	275-283
25127858-6	2014	Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrated that the TGF-beta signaling mediates maturation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells into TDMMCs with high levels of cell surface CD39/CD73 expression and adenosine-generating capacity.	Adenosine	216-225	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	71-79
24477600-8	2014	Moreover, adenosine inhibited thrombin-induced elevated expression of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and HMGB-1; and chemokines, MCP-1, CXCL-1, and CXCL-3.	Adenosine	10-19	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	97-101
24477600-8	2014	Moreover, adenosine inhibited thrombin-induced elevated expression of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and HMGB-1; and chemokines, MCP-1, CXCL-1, and CXCL-3.	Adenosine	10-19	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 3	Homo sapiens	149-155
24477600-9	2014	Taken together, these results suggest that adenosine may inhibit thrombin-mediated proinflammatory signaling responses, thereby protecting the endothelium from injury during activation of coagulation and inflammation.	Adenosine	43-52	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	65-73
25505610-1	2014	COA-Cl (2Cl-C.OXT-A) is a recently developed adenosine-like nucleic acid analog that promotes angiogenesis via the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases ERK1/2.	Adenosine	45-54	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	155-161
24558171-7	2014	Glycometabolism pathways network which was constructed by 4 glycometabolism pathways showed that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, H+transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex ATP5B, ATP5C1, ATP5D, and ATP5G1 had high degree related to ATP metabolism.	Adenosine	97-106	ATP synthase F1 subunit beta	Homo sapiens	177-182
24477600-2	2014	Here we investigated the effect of adenosine on modulation of thrombin-mediated proinflammatory responses in HUVECs.	Adenosine	35-44	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	62-70
24477600-3	2014	We found that adenosine inhibits the barrier-disruptive effect of thrombin in HUVECs by a concentration-dependent manner.	Adenosine	14-23	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	66-74
24477600-5	2014	The barrier-protective effect of adenosine in response to thrombin was recapitulated by the A2A specific agonist, CGS 21680, and abrogated both by the siRNA knockdown of the A2A receptor and by the A2A -specific antagonists, ZM-241385 and SCH-58261.	Adenosine	33-42	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	58-66
24477600-6	2014	The thrombin-induced RhoA activation and its membrane translocation were both inhibited by adenosine in a cAMP-dependent manner, providing a molecular mechanism through which adenosine exerts a barrier-protective function.	Adenosine	91-100	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	4-12
24477600-6	2014	The thrombin-induced RhoA activation and its membrane translocation were both inhibited by adenosine in a cAMP-dependent manner, providing a molecular mechanism through which adenosine exerts a barrier-protective function.	Adenosine	91-100	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	21-25
24477600-6	2014	The thrombin-induced RhoA activation and its membrane translocation were both inhibited by adenosine in a cAMP-dependent manner, providing a molecular mechanism through which adenosine exerts a barrier-protective function.	Adenosine	175-184	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	4-12
24477600-6	2014	The thrombin-induced RhoA activation and its membrane translocation were both inhibited by adenosine in a cAMP-dependent manner, providing a molecular mechanism through which adenosine exerts a barrier-protective function.	Adenosine	175-184	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	21-25
24477600-7	2014	Adenosine also inhibited thrombin-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and decreased adhesion of monocytic THP-1 cells to stimulated HUVECs via down-regulation of expression of cell surface adhesion molecules, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin.	Adenosine	0-9	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	25-33
24477600-7	2014	Adenosine also inhibited thrombin-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and decreased adhesion of monocytic THP-1 cells to stimulated HUVECs via down-regulation of expression of cell surface adhesion molecules, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin.	Adenosine	0-9	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	206-212
24477600-8	2014	Moreover, adenosine inhibited thrombin-induced elevated expression of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and HMGB-1; and chemokines, MCP-1, CXCL-1, and CXCL-3.	Adenosine	10-19	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	30-38
25001468-4	2014	Because extracellular ATP is rapidly converted to adenosine by ectonucleotidase, nucleotide-phosphohydrolysis is important for controlling the balance between P2 and P1 signaling.	Adenosine	50-59	protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit gamma	Mus musculus	159-168
24878381-0	2014	Adenosine, a hepato-protective component in active hexose correlated compound: its identification and iNOS suppression mechanism.	Adenosine	0-9	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	102-106
24853985-4	2014	However, only 5"-substituted adenosine analogs are full agonists in calcium mobilization, ERK1/2 phosphorylation and beta-arrestin translocation.	Adenosine	29-38	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	90-96
24749746-0	2014	Human CD4+ CD39+ regulatory T cells produce adenosine upon co-expression of surface CD73 or contact with CD73+ exosomes or CD73+ cells.	Adenosine	44-53	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	84-88
24749746-0	2014	Human CD4+ CD39+ regulatory T cells produce adenosine upon co-expression of surface CD73 or contact with CD73+ exosomes or CD73+ cells.	Adenosine	44-53	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	105-109
24749746-0	2014	Human CD4+ CD39+ regulatory T cells produce adenosine upon co-expression of surface CD73 or contact with CD73+ exosomes or CD73+ cells.	Adenosine	44-53	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	105-109
24986517-1	2014	Adenosine targeting is an attractive new approach to cancer treatment, but no clinical study has yet examined adenosine inhibition in oncology despite the safe clinical profile of adenosine A2A receptor inhibitors (A2ARi) in Parkinson disease.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	180-202
24859298-7	2014	Advances in medicinal chemistry have an accelerated pace toward clinical trials: Methotrexate and sulfasalazine, used to treat IBD, act by stimulating CD73-dependent adenosine production.	Adenosine	166-175	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	151-155
24841126-1	2014	Adenosine provides anti-inflammatory effects in cardiovascular disease via the activation of adenosine A2A receptors; however, the physiological effect of adenosine could be limited due to its phosphorylation by adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	212-228
24887587-1	2014	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73/NT5E, the product of the NT5E gene, is the dominant enzyme in the generation of adenosine from degradation of AMP in the extracellular environment.	Adenosine	106-115	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-20
24887587-1	2014	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73/NT5E, the product of the NT5E gene, is the dominant enzyme in the generation of adenosine from degradation of AMP in the extracellular environment.	Adenosine	106-115	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	21-25
24887587-1	2014	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73/NT5E, the product of the NT5E gene, is the dominant enzyme in the generation of adenosine from degradation of AMP in the extracellular environment.	Adenosine	106-115	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	26-30
24887587-1	2014	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73/NT5E, the product of the NT5E gene, is the dominant enzyme in the generation of adenosine from degradation of AMP in the extracellular environment.	Adenosine	106-115	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	51-55
24357632-2	2014	Here we report that CD73, both a coactivator molecule of T cells and an immunosuppressive ecto-enzyme through adenosine production, is only weakly expressed by CD8+ T cells of HIV-infected patients and only partially restored after successful antiviral treatment.	Adenosine	110-119	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	20-24
24740327-7	2014	Similar results were found with adenosine analogs, disconnecting the inhibitory effect of certain cAMP analogs from PKA or Epac.	Adenosine	32-41	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Rattus norvegicus	123-127
24682220-2	2014	Evidence suggests that adenosine aggravates liver fibrosis via the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR).	Adenosine	23-32	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	67-89
24682220-2	2014	Evidence suggests that adenosine aggravates liver fibrosis via the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR).	Adenosine	23-32	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	91-95
24258486-5	2014	We successfully used VASPFix to measure VASP-P in platelets in both platelet-rich plasma and blood in response to compounds that increase (dibutyryl cAMP, adenosine, iloprost, PGE1) and decrease (ADP, PGE1) cAMP, and to determine the effects of certain receptor antagonists on the results obtained.	Adenosine	155-164	vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein	Homo sapiens	40-46
24462745-1	2014	In many vertebrate tissues CD39-like ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) act in concert with ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5NT, CD73) to convert extracellular ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	183-192	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	117-137
24462745-1	2014	In many vertebrate tissues CD39-like ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) act in concert with ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5NT, CD73) to convert extracellular ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	183-192	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	139-143
24462745-1	2014	In many vertebrate tissues CD39-like ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) act in concert with ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5NT, CD73) to convert extracellular ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	183-192	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	145-149
26417242-3	2014	To compensate deleterious effects of TNalpha, the concentration of adenosine is increased in CHF.	Adenosine	67-76	C-type lectin domain family 3 member B	Homo sapiens	37-44
26417242-4	2014	However, concurrent determination of serum TNFalpha and enzymatic activities of ADA and its ADA1 and ADA2 isoenzymes, as the main regulators of adenosine concentration, has not yet been carried out.	Adenosine	144-153	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	92-96
26417242-4	2014	However, concurrent determination of serum TNFalpha and enzymatic activities of ADA and its ADA1 and ADA2 isoenzymes, as the main regulators of adenosine concentration, has not yet been carried out.	Adenosine	144-153	transcriptional adaptor 2A	Homo sapiens	101-105
24150242-1	2014	Tissue hypoxia plays a key role in establishing an immunosuppressive environment in vivo by, among other effects, increasing the level of extracellular adenosine, which then signals through A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR) to elicit its immunosuppressive effect.	Adenosine	152-161	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	190-212
24150242-1	2014	Tissue hypoxia plays a key role in establishing an immunosuppressive environment in vivo by, among other effects, increasing the level of extracellular adenosine, which then signals through A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR) to elicit its immunosuppressive effect.	Adenosine	152-161	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	214-218
24894822-2	2014	One of the many functions of adenosine is to suppress the activity of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), an enzyme important in regulating intracellular calcification.	Adenosine	29-38	alkaline phosphatase, biomineralization associated	Rattus norvegicus	70-109
24894822-2	2014	One of the many functions of adenosine is to suppress the activity of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), an enzyme important in regulating intracellular calcification.	Adenosine	29-38	alkaline phosphatase, biomineralization associated	Rattus norvegicus	111-115
24878381-9	2014	Adenosine inhibited NO production, and reduced the expression of iNOS protein and mRNA.	Adenosine	0-9	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	65-69
24878381-11	2014	Adenosine also inhibited the upregulation of type I IL-1 receptor (IL-1RI).	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 1 receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	67-73
24878381-12	2014	Experiments with iNOS promoter-luciferase constructs revealed that adenosine decreased the levels of iNOS mRNA at the promoter transactivation and mRNA stabilization steps.	Adenosine	67-76	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	17-21
24878381-12	2014	Experiments with iNOS promoter-luciferase constructs revealed that adenosine decreased the levels of iNOS mRNA at the promoter transactivation and mRNA stabilization steps.	Adenosine	67-76	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	101-105
24878381-13	2014	Adenosine decreased the expression of the iNOS gene antisense transcript, which is involved in iNOS mRNA stability.	Adenosine	0-9	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	42-46
24878381-13	2014	Adenosine decreased the expression of the iNOS gene antisense transcript, which is involved in iNOS mRNA stability.	Adenosine	0-9	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	95-99
24878381-14	2014	Adenosine in AHCC suppressed iNOS induction by blocking NF-kappaB activation and the upregulation of the IL-1RI pathways, resulting in the inhibition of NO production.	Adenosine	0-9	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	29-33
24878381-14	2014	Adenosine in AHCC suppressed iNOS induction by blocking NF-kappaB activation and the upregulation of the IL-1RI pathways, resulting in the inhibition of NO production.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 1 receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	105-111
25221554-5	2014	These two enzymes are constitutively co-expressed on Treg cells, but can also be induced on a wide variety of cell types by TGFbeta and the adenosine generated can be shown to be a potent inhibitor of T cell proliferation.	Adenosine	140-149	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	124-131
24875104-1	2014	Adenosine is a purine metabolite that can mediate anti-inflammatory responses in the digestive tract through the A(2A) adenosine receptor (A(2A)AR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	113-137
24875104-1	2014	Adenosine is a purine metabolite that can mediate anti-inflammatory responses in the digestive tract through the A(2A) adenosine receptor (A(2A)AR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	139-146
24875104-10	2014	Together, our results suggest that the control of inflammation in vivo is dependent on A(2A)AR signaling through multiple cell types that collaborate in the regulation of colitis by responding to extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	210-219	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	87-94
24838362-8	2014	Adenosine-induced SAN dysfunction and atrial fibrillation were abolished or prevented by adenosine A1 receptor antagonists (50 mumol/L theophylline/1 mumol/L 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Canis lupus familiaris	89-110
25071765-2	2014	The immunosuppression by endogenously-produced adenosine is pathophysiologically significant since inactivation of A2A/A2B adenosine receptor (A2AR/A2BR) and adenosine-producing ecto-enzymes CD39/CD73 results in the higher intensity of immune response and exaggeration of inflammatory damage.	Adenosine	47-56	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	196-200
24837549-6	2014	We have established that ANP-induced elevated levels of cGMP as well as cGMP analog stimulate hydrolytic activity of PDE2, leading to inhibition of adenosine-induced transcription of the TH gene.	Adenosine	148-157	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	187-189
24990240-5	2014	Among the coadjuvants are (i) antagonists of A2AR, (ii) extracellular adenosine-degrading drugs, (iii) inhibitors of adenosine generation by CD39/CD73 ectoenzymes, and (iv) inhibitors of hypoxia-HIF-1alpha signaling.	Adenosine	117-126	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	146-150
24982640-1	2014	Adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) are a sub-type of receptors enriched in basal ganglia, activated by the neuromodulator adenosine, which interact with dopamine D2 receptors.	Adenosine	118-127	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	25-29
24509948-0	2014	Abnormal expression of an ADAR2 alternative splicing variant in gliomas downregulates adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing.	Adenosine	86-95	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	26-31
23857120-4	2014	We identified a novel association with AD in the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F0 (ATP5H)/Potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing protein 2 (KCTD2) locus, which reached genome-wide significance in the combined discovery and genotyping sample (rs11870474, odds ratio (OR)=1.58, P=2.6 x 10(-7) in discovery and OR=1.43, P=0.004 in Fundacio ACE data set; combined OR=1.53, P=4.7 x 10(-9)).	Adenosine	49-58	potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	130-191
23857120-4	2014	We identified a novel association with AD in the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F0 (ATP5H)/Potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing protein 2 (KCTD2) locus, which reached genome-wide significance in the combined discovery and genotyping sample (rs11870474, odds ratio (OR)=1.58, P=2.6 x 10(-7) in discovery and OR=1.43, P=0.004 in Fundacio ACE data set; combined OR=1.53, P=4.7 x 10(-9)).	Adenosine	49-58	potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	193-198
24345557-2	2014	5-HT2CR undergoes mRNA editing, converting genomically encoded adenosine residues to inosines via adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs).	Adenosine	63-72	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C	Mus musculus	0-7
24448964-1	2014	Extracellular adenosine regulates inflammatory responses via the A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR).	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	65-87
24448964-1	2014	Extracellular adenosine regulates inflammatory responses via the A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR).	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	89-93
24448964-8	2014	Transfer of A2AR-deficient NKT cells into A2AR-expressing recipients resulted in exaggeration of Con A-induced liver damage, suggesting that NKT-cell activation is controlled by endogenous adenosine via A2AR, and this physiological regulatory mechanism of NKT cells is critical in the control of tissue-damaging inflammation.	Adenosine	189-198	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	12-16
24448964-8	2014	Transfer of A2AR-deficient NKT cells into A2AR-expressing recipients resulted in exaggeration of Con A-induced liver damage, suggesting that NKT-cell activation is controlled by endogenous adenosine via A2AR, and this physiological regulatory mechanism of NKT cells is critical in the control of tissue-damaging inflammation.	Adenosine	189-198	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	42-46
24448964-8	2014	Transfer of A2AR-deficient NKT cells into A2AR-expressing recipients resulted in exaggeration of Con A-induced liver damage, suggesting that NKT-cell activation is controlled by endogenous adenosine via A2AR, and this physiological regulatory mechanism of NKT cells is critical in the control of tissue-damaging inflammation.	Adenosine	189-198	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	42-46
24413089-5	2014	Subsequent analyses revealed that the combination of KRas activation and Atg5 inactivation favors the expression of ENTPD1/CD39, an ecto-ATPase that initiates the conversion of extracellular ATP, which is immunostimulatory, into adenosine, which is immunosuppressive.	Adenosine	229-238	autophagy related 5	Mus musculus	73-77
24262796-2	2014	Extracellular adenosine subsequently signals through four distinct adenosine A receptors (Adora1, Adora2a, Adora2b, or Adora3).	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	90-96
24262796-2	2014	Extracellular adenosine subsequently signals through four distinct adenosine A receptors (Adora1, Adora2a, Adora2b, or Adora3).	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	98-105
24214956-3	2014	DCL3 preferentially cleaves short dsRNAs with 5" phosphorylated adenosine or uridine and a 1 nt 3" overhang, whereas DCL4 cleaves long dsRNAs with blunt ends or with a 1 or 2 nt 3" overhang with similar efficiency.	Adenosine	64-73	dicer-like 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
24489992-0	2014	Anti-CD39 and anti-CD73 antibodies A1 and 7G2 improve targeted therapy in ovarian cancer by blocking adenosine-dependent immune evasion.	Adenosine	101-110	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	19-23
24489992-1	2014	The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 degrade ATP to adenosine which inhibits immune responses via the A2A adenosine receptor (ADORA2A) on T and NK cells.	Adenosine	51-60	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	31-35
24982868-6	2014	Methacholine-, ATP-, and adenosine-evoked responses were smaller in preparations from CYP-treated rats than from saline-treated ones.	Adenosine	25-34	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 23-polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
25242869-1	2014	CD73, ecto-5"-nucleotidase, is the key enzyme catalyzing the conversion of extracellular AMP to adenosine that controls vascular permeability and immunosuppression.	Adenosine	96-105	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
25242869-1	2014	CD73, ecto-5"-nucleotidase, is the key enzyme catalyzing the conversion of extracellular AMP to adenosine that controls vascular permeability and immunosuppression.	Adenosine	96-105	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	6-26
25242873-4	2014	We first identified that HT-29 cells regulated adenosine and adenine nucleotide concentration at their surface by the expression of the ectoenzymes NTPDase2, ecto-5"-nucleotidase, and adenylate kinase.	Adenosine	47-56	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	158-178
24837549-0	2014	Phosphodiesterase 2 negatively regulates adenosine-induced transcription of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene in PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells.	Adenosine	41-50	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	80-100
24071581-7	2014	Moreover, these results indicate that, in addition to poly(A) tails, Nab2 can also recognize sequence motifs elsewhere in transcripts in which adenosines are placed at key positions, consistent with its function in mRNP organization and compaction as well as poly(A) tail length regulation.	Adenosine	143-153	mRNA-binding protein NAB2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	69-73
24837549-1	2014	Adenosine induces expression of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene in PC12 cells.	Adenosine	0-9	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	36-56
24837549-1	2014	Adenosine induces expression of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene in PC12 cells.	Adenosine	0-9	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	58-60
24837549-3	2014	Using real-time PCR and luciferase reporter assays we found that ANP significantly decreases the adenosine-induced transcription of the TH gene.	Adenosine	97-106	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	136-138
24043462-5	2014	The hBMSCs induced increased expression of the CD39 and CD73 on T cells correlated with the suppressive function of hBMSCs, which was accompanied by increased adenosine production.	Adenosine	159-168	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	56-60
24768873-2	2014	The effect is mediated by inhibition of the adenosine transporter ENT1 (type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter), which provides protection for adenosine from intracellular metabolism, thus increasing its concentration and biological activity, particularly at sites of ischemia and tissue injury where it is formed.	Adenosine	44-53	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	66-70
24043462-6	2014	Our data suggests that hBMSCs can effectively suppress immune responses of the Th17 cells via the CD39-CD73-mediated adenosine-producing pathway.	Adenosine	117-126	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	103-107
24163005-1	2014	The adenosine transporter 1 (ENT1) transports nucleosides, such as adenosine, and cytotoxic nucleoside analog drugs.	Adenosine	4-13	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	29-33
24163005-2	2014	ENT1 is well established to play a role in adenosinergic signaling in the cardiovascular system by modulating adenosine levels.	Adenosine	43-52	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-4
24163005-5	2014	Inhibition or absence of ENT1 is known to be cardioprotective, suggesting that the interaction of ethanol with ENT1 may promote adenosinergic cardioprotective pathways in the cardiovasculature.Ethanol sensitivity of adenosine uptake is altered by pharmacological activation of PKA and PKC.	Adenosine	128-137	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	111-115
24163005-6	2014	Primary cardiomyocytes from PKCepsilon-null mice have significantly greater sensitivity to inhibition (by approximately 37 %) of adenosine uptake by ethanol than controls.	Adenosine	129-138	protein kinase C, epsilon	Mus musculus	28-38
24614760-4	2014	Moreover, using ADA enzyme therapy to reduce adenosine or a specific antagonist to block A(2B) adenosine receptor (ADORA2B) signaling, we successfully attenuated priapism in both ADA(-/-) and SCD mice by restoring penile PDE5 gene expression to normal levels.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	16-19
24126054-1	2013	Human TRIT1 is a tRNA isopentenyltransferase (IPTase) homologue of Escherichia coli MiaA, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mod5, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Tit1, and Caenorhabditis elegans GRO-1 that adds isopentenyl groups to adenosine 37 (i6A37) of substrate tRNAs.	Adenosine	218-227	Uncharacterized protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	180-185
24697206-5	2014	TTP and its related proteins act by first binding to AU-rich elements in mRNA, and then recruiting deadenylases to the mRNA, where they can processively remove the adenosine residues from the poly(A) tail.	Adenosine	164-173	ZFP36 ring finger protein	Homo sapiens	0-3
24575377-2	2013	We have recently demonstrated that targeting the immunosuppressive pathway mediated by CD73-derived adenosine through the blockade of A2A/A2B adenosine receptors significantly reduced the metastatic potential of CD73+ breast carcinomas and melanomas via both immunological and non-immunological mechanisms.	Adenosine	100-109	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	87-91
24575377-2	2013	We have recently demonstrated that targeting the immunosuppressive pathway mediated by CD73-derived adenosine through the blockade of A2A/A2B adenosine receptors significantly reduced the metastatic potential of CD73+ breast carcinomas and melanomas via both immunological and non-immunological mechanisms.	Adenosine	100-109	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	212-216
24457989-11	2014	In rodent eyes also injected with a mutant allotopic ND4, wild-type allotopic ND4 prevented defective adenosine triphosphate synthesis, suppressed visual loss, reduced apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells, and prevented demise of axons in the optic nerve.	Adenosine	102-111	NADH dehydrogenase 4, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	53-56
23941747-7	2013	Based on a previous report, we studied the potential involvement of the adenosine A1 receptor in the effect of CBC on these cells and found that the selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, DPCPX, counteracted both ERK1/2 phosphorylation and up-regulation of nestin by CBC, indicating that also adenosine is involved in these effects of CBC, but possibly not in CBC inhibitory effect on GFAP expression.	Adenosine	72-81	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	218-224
24457989-11	2014	In rodent eyes also injected with a mutant allotopic ND4, wild-type allotopic ND4 prevented defective adenosine triphosphate synthesis, suppressed visual loss, reduced apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells, and prevented demise of axons in the optic nerve.	Adenosine	102-111	NADH dehydrogenase 4, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	78-81
24418614-8	2014	Critically, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) treatment reacidified lysosomal pH in mutant PS1-fAD; cAMP also increased the availability of active cathepsin D and lowered the LC3B-II/-I ratio.	Adenosine	19-28	presenilin 1	Homo sapiens	95-98
23819782-4	2013	Even though nucleoside transport in brain has mostly been seen as being of equilibrative-type, in the present study, we prove that the rat phaeochromocytoma cell line PC12 shows a concentrative adenosine transport of CNT2-type when cells are differentiated to a neuronal phenotype by treatment with NGF (nerve growth factor).	Adenosine	194-203	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	217-221
23819782-4	2013	Even though nucleoside transport in brain has mostly been seen as being of equilibrative-type, in the present study, we prove that the rat phaeochromocytoma cell line PC12 shows a concentrative adenosine transport of CNT2-type when cells are differentiated to a neuronal phenotype by treatment with NGF (nerve growth factor).	Adenosine	194-203	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	299-302
23819782-4	2013	Even though nucleoside transport in brain has mostly been seen as being of equilibrative-type, in the present study, we prove that the rat phaeochromocytoma cell line PC12 shows a concentrative adenosine transport of CNT2-type when cells are differentiated to a neuronal phenotype by treatment with NGF (nerve growth factor).	Adenosine	194-203	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	304-323
23819782-10	2013	In summary, CNT2 is likely to modulate extracellular adenosine and cell energy balance in neuronal tissue.	Adenosine	53-62	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	12-16
24418614-8	2014	Critically, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) treatment reacidified lysosomal pH in mutant PS1-fAD; cAMP also increased the availability of active cathepsin D and lowered the LC3B-II/-I ratio.	Adenosine	19-28	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	151-162
24418614-8	2014	Critically, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) treatment reacidified lysosomal pH in mutant PS1-fAD; cAMP also increased the availability of active cathepsin D and lowered the LC3B-II/-I ratio.	Adenosine	19-28	microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta	Homo sapiens	179-183
23737488-9	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that glioma-derived CD73 contributes to local adenosine-mediated immunosuppression in synergy with CD39 from infiltrating CD4(+)CD39(+) T lymphocytes, which could become a potential therapeutic target for treatment of malignant glioma and other immunosuppressive diseases.	Adenosine	77-86	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	51-55
24296361-1	2014	Huntington"s disease is an inherited disorder caused by expanded stretch of consecutive trinucleotides (cytosine-adenosine-guanine, CAG) within the first exon of the huntingtin (HTT) gene on chromosome 4 (p16.3).	Adenosine	113-122	huntingtin	Homo sapiens	166-176
23639879-6	2013	The data suggest that OPN induces the release of VEGF, glutamate, ATP, and adenosine from Muller cells.	Adenosine	75-84	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
23639879-11	2013	The neuroprotective effects of OPN may be in part mediated by the prevention of cytotoxic Muller cell swelling and the release of VEGF and adenosine from Muller cells.	Adenosine	139-148	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
24296361-1	2014	Huntington"s disease is an inherited disorder caused by expanded stretch of consecutive trinucleotides (cytosine-adenosine-guanine, CAG) within the first exon of the huntingtin (HTT) gene on chromosome 4 (p16.3).	Adenosine	113-122	huntingtin	Homo sapiens	178-181
24503265-3	2014	Production of anti-inflammatory adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) helps maintain endothelial barrier function.	Adenosine	32-41	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	45-65
23534823-6	2013	Full open-reading frame sequences for ADAR1 and ADAR2, two enzymes responsible for adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, were cloned from newt brain cDNA and exhibited a strong resemblance to ADAR (adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific) enzymes discovered in mammals.	Adenosine	83-92	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	48-53
23770229-2	2013	We have shown previously that adenosine signaling via A2A receptors (A2AAR) is involved in retinal protection from diabetes-induced inflammation.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	69-74
23770229-9	2013	The involvement of adenosine signaling in the anti-inflammation effect of ABT-702 was supported by the TNF-alpha release blocking effect of A2AAR antagonist in AGA-treated microglial cells.	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	140-145
23898333-5	2013	A subset of iTreg expressing ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 is able to hydrolyze ATP to 5"-AMP and adenosine (ADO) and thus mediate suppression of those immune cells which express ADO receptors.	Adenosine	100-109	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	56-60
23898333-5	2013	A subset of iTreg expressing ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 is able to hydrolyze ATP to 5"-AMP and adenosine (ADO) and thus mediate suppression of those immune cells which express ADO receptors.	Adenosine	111-114	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	56-60
23716715-5	2013	In some tumors, high adenosine production and an abundance of G(s)-coupled adenosine A(2B) receptors would be expected to cause persistent PKA signaling and reduced Rap1B prenylation.	Adenosine	21-30	RAP1B, member of RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	165-170
23716715-6	2013	These findings suggest that adenosine signaling reduces prenylation and plasma membrane localization of Rap1B, resulting in enhanced tumor cell scattering and invasiveness.	Adenosine	28-37	RAP1B, member of RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	104-109
23584256-7	2013	These findings led us to further discover that elevated renal CD73 contributes to excess adenosine signaling via ADORA2B activation that directly stimulates endothelin-1 production in a hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha-dependent manner and underlies the pathogenesis of the disease.	Adenosine	89-98	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	62-66
23584256-9	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our studies reveal that angiotensin II-induced renal CD73 promotes the production of renal adenosine that is a prominent driver of hypertensive CKD by enhanced ADORA2B signaling-mediated endothelin-1 induction in a hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha-dependent manner.	Adenosine	113-122	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	75-79
23571754-1	2013	Adenosine deaminases-acting-on-RNA (ADAR) proteins induce adenosine-to-inosine editing in double-stranded RNA molecules.	Adenosine	58-67	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	0-34
23571754-1	2013	Adenosine deaminases-acting-on-RNA (ADAR) proteins induce adenosine-to-inosine editing in double-stranded RNA molecules.	Adenosine	58-67	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	36-40
23613714-9	2013	Adenosine-induced barrier integrity enhancement was attenuated by pretreatment of VVEC with pertussis toxin and GSK690693 or LY294002, suggesting the involvement of Gi proteins and the PI3K-Akt pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Bos taurus	190-193
22751118-3	2013	Although Tregs mediate immunosuppression through multiple, non-redundant, cell-contact dependent and independent mechanisms, a growing body of evidence suggests an important role for the CD39-CD73-adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	197-206	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	192-196
23345014-0	2013	Adenosine induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via cyclinD1/Cdk4 and Bcl-2/Bax pathways in human ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3.	Adenosine	0-9	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	54-62
23345014-0	2013	Adenosine induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via cyclinD1/Cdk4 and Bcl-2/Bax pathways in human ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3.	Adenosine	0-9	cyclin dependent kinase 4	Homo sapiens	63-67
23345014-7	2013	Adenosine induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase via Cdk4/cyclinD1-mediated pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	cyclin dependent kinase 4	Homo sapiens	55-59
23345014-7	2013	Adenosine induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase via Cdk4/cyclinD1-mediated pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	60-68
23345014-10	2013	The results of this study suggest that extracellular adenosine induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells via cyclinD1/ Cdk4 and Bcl-2/Bax pathways and caspase-3 activation.	Adenosine	53-62	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	134-142
23345014-10	2013	The results of this study suggest that extracellular adenosine induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells via cyclinD1/ Cdk4 and Bcl-2/Bax pathways and caspase-3 activation.	Adenosine	53-62	cyclin dependent kinase 4	Homo sapiens	144-148
22833450-4	2013	Activity of the enzyme ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) in tumor cells, which hydrolyses AMP to adenosine, has been linked to immunosuppression and prometastatic effects in breast cancer and to the proliferation of glioma cells.	Adenosine	91-100	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	23-43
22833450-4	2013	Activity of the enzyme ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) in tumor cells, which hydrolyses AMP to adenosine, has been linked to immunosuppression and prometastatic effects in breast cancer and to the proliferation of glioma cells.	Adenosine	91-100	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	45-49
22833450-9	2013	In conclusion, we have determined that the activity of CD73 to trigger adenosine signaling sustains chemoresistant phenotype in GBM cells.	Adenosine	71-80	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	55-59
22507666-5	2013	The increase in GluA1 phosphorylation produced by DHPG is also prevented by blockade of adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs), which are known to promote cAMP signaling specifically in striatopallidal MSNs, as well as by enzymatic degradation of endogenous adenosine, achieved with adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	88-97	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA1 (alpha 1)	Mus musculus	16-21
23209284-0	2013	ADAR1 protein induces adenosine-targeted DNA mutations in senescent Bcl6 gene-deficient cells.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	0-5
23209284-6	2013	Exogenous ADAR1 induced adenosine-targeted DNA mutations in IgM B cells from ADAR1-transgenic mice and in wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs).	Adenosine	24-33	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	10-15
23209284-6	2013	Exogenous ADAR1 induced adenosine-targeted DNA mutations in IgM B cells from ADAR1-transgenic mice and in wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs).	Adenosine	24-33	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	77-82
23209284-8	2013	Thus, Bcl6 protects senescent cells from accumulation of adenosine-targeted DNA mutations induced by ADAR1.	Adenosine	57-66	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	101-106
23152114-11	2013	Our data suggest that adenosine-induced relaxation in sEH(-/-) may depend on the upregulation of A(2A) AR, CYP2J, and PPARgamma, and the downregulation of A(1) AR and PPARalpha.	Adenosine	22-31	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	118-127
23152114-11	2013	Our data suggest that adenosine-induced relaxation in sEH(-/-) may depend on the upregulation of A(2A) AR, CYP2J, and PPARgamma, and the downregulation of A(1) AR and PPARalpha.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	155-162
23663495-8	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that Fli1 and CTGF are important mediators of the fibrogenic actions of adenosine and the use of small molecules such as adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists may be useful in the therapy of dermal fibrosis in diseases such as scleroderma.	Adenosine	105-114	cellular communication network factor 2	Mus musculus	47-51
23533475-10	2013	HPLC analysis of CBR extract showed peak of adenosine.	Adenosine	44-53	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	17-20
23483072-3	2013	Specifically targeting CD73, the rate-limiting enzyme for the extracellular generation of adenosine, or the A3 receptor offers new therapeutic strategies to limit tumor progression.	Adenosine	90-99	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	23-27
24266544-4	2014	METHODS: Focal disruption of adenosine homeostasis was achieved by injecting an adeno-associated virus (AAV) engineered to overexpress adenosine kinase (ADK), the major metabolic clearance enzyme for the brain"s endogenous anticonvulsant adenosine, into the neocortex of mice.	Adenosine	29-38	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	135-151
24266544-4	2014	METHODS: Focal disruption of adenosine homeostasis was achieved by injecting an adeno-associated virus (AAV) engineered to overexpress adenosine kinase (ADK), the major metabolic clearance enzyme for the brain"s endogenous anticonvulsant adenosine, into the neocortex of mice.	Adenosine	29-38	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	153-156
24266544-4	2014	METHODS: Focal disruption of adenosine homeostasis was achieved by injecting an adeno-associated virus (AAV) engineered to overexpress adenosine kinase (ADK), the major metabolic clearance enzyme for the brain"s endogenous anticonvulsant adenosine, into the neocortex of mice.	Adenosine	135-144	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	153-156
24587575-15	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Based on our results, we believe that ethanol promotes sleep by increasing adenosine in the orexinergic perifornical hypothalamus, resulting in A1 receptor-mediated inhibition of orexin neurons.	Adenosine	88-97	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	105-111
23288966-0	2013	The adenosine story goes ionic: Ca(V)2.1-type Ca(2+) channels identified as effectors of adenosine"s somnogenic actions.	Adenosine	4-13	immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-1	Homo sapiens	32-40
24503265-3	2014	Production of anti-inflammatory adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) helps maintain endothelial barrier function.	Adenosine	32-41	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	67-71
23288966-0	2013	The adenosine story goes ionic: Ca(V)2.1-type Ca(2+) channels identified as effectors of adenosine"s somnogenic actions.	Adenosine	89-98	immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-1	Homo sapiens	32-40
24353339-1	2014	Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) belongs to a family of enzymes that hydrolyze cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate.	Adenosine	84-93	phosphodiesterase 10A	Mus musculus	0-21
22945235-4	2012	Adenosine can exert its anticonvulsant functions, after its release by nucleoside bidirectional transport, or by production through the sequential catabolism of ATP by ectonucleotidases, such as E-NTPDases (ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	260-280
22899823-3	2012	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 [EC 3.1.3.5] is the rate-limiting enzyme in adenosine production.	Adenosine	70-79	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	0-20
22899823-3	2012	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 [EC 3.1.3.5] is the rate-limiting enzyme in adenosine production.	Adenosine	70-79	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	21-25
23035103-0	2012	Hypoxia/reoxygenation impairs memory formation via adenosine-dependent activation of caspase 1.	Adenosine	51-60	caspase 1	Mus musculus	85-94
23035103-8	2012	Additionally, perfusion of adenosine activated caspase 1 in the brain, while caffeine blocked this action by adenosine.	Adenosine	27-36	caspase 1	Mus musculus	47-56
22899189-1	2012	Adenosine has a key endogenous neuroprotective role in the brain, predominantly mediated by the adenosine A(1) receptor (A(1)R).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	96-119
22759398-3	2012	Here, we hypothesized that an allosteric enhancer for A(1)AR (PD-81723) protects against renal I/R injury without the undesirable side effects of systemic A(1)AR activation by potentiating the cytoprotective effects of renal adenosine generated locally by ischemia.	Adenosine	225-234	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	54-60
22759398-11	2012	Our findings imply that selectively enhancing A(1)AR activation by locally produced renal adenosine may be a clinically useful therapeutic option to attenuate ischemic acute kidney injury without systemic side effects.	Adenosine	90-99	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	46-52
22521820-0	2012	Working memory and the homeostatic control of brain adenosine by adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	65-81
22521820-3	2012	An alternative approach to reduce AR activation is to lower the extracellular tone of adenosine, which can be achieved by up-regulating adenosine kinase (ADK), the key enzyme of metabolic adenosine clearance.	Adenosine	86-95	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	136-152
22521820-3	2012	An alternative approach to reduce AR activation is to lower the extracellular tone of adenosine, which can be achieved by up-regulating adenosine kinase (ADK), the key enzyme of metabolic adenosine clearance.	Adenosine	86-95	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	154-157
22521820-3	2012	An alternative approach to reduce AR activation is to lower the extracellular tone of adenosine, which can be achieved by up-regulating adenosine kinase (ADK), the key enzyme of metabolic adenosine clearance.	Adenosine	136-145	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	154-157
22608007-4	2012	The most potent enhancer of beta cell regeneration was the adenosine agonist 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA), which, acting through the adenosine receptor A2aa, increased beta cell proliferation and accelerated restoration of normoglycemia in zebrafish.	Adenosine	59-68	adenosine A2a receptor a	Danio rerio	161-165
22431204-5	2012	An increase in adenosine levels in adenosine deaminase-deficient mice in vivo significantly augmented vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in cardiac Sca-1(+)CD31(-) stromal cells but not in Sca-1(+)CD31(+) endothelial cells.	Adenosine	15-24	platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	174-178
22431204-5	2012	An increase in adenosine levels in adenosine deaminase-deficient mice in vivo significantly augmented vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in cardiac Sca-1(+)CD31(-) stromal cells but not in Sca-1(+)CD31(+) endothelial cells.	Adenosine	15-24	platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	215-219
22311477-7	2012	Finally, immunoprecipitation analysis showed that blockade of A(1)R resulted in disruption of the association of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a signaling event that is important for activation of NF-kappaB and JNK, suggesting the participation of adenosine/A(1)R in early signaling of RANKL.	Adenosine	340-349	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7	Mus musculus	176-226
22357797-9	2012	We also found that blocking the influx of adenosine through the equilibrative nucleoside transporters or inhibiting adenosine kinase and adenosine deaminase increased endogenous adenosine inhibitory tone, suggesting a possible mechanism through which adenosine extracellular levels in the basal forebrain are regulated.	Adenosine	42-51	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	137-156
22487321-3	2012	Adenosine within the tumor is generated by CD73, a membrane-bound nucleotidase that is expressed by tumor cells, suppressive immune subsets such as T regulatory cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells and endothelial cells.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	43-47
22421436-4	2012	We report here that multiple enzymes degrade extracellular ATP in brain tissue, whereas only Nt5e degrades AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	114-123	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	93-97
22446325-10	2012	Thus, Cx43 channel function and expression have opposite effects: Cx43 channel function in monocytes, but not in HUVEC, rapidly decreases adhesion via ATP release and conversion to ADO, whereas Cx43 expression itself enhances adhesion.	Adenosine	181-184	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	6-10
22446325-10	2012	Thus, Cx43 channel function and expression have opposite effects: Cx43 channel function in monocytes, but not in HUVEC, rapidly decreases adhesion via ATP release and conversion to ADO, whereas Cx43 expression itself enhances adhesion.	Adenosine	181-184	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	66-70
22446325-10	2012	Thus, Cx43 channel function and expression have opposite effects: Cx43 channel function in monocytes, but not in HUVEC, rapidly decreases adhesion via ATP release and conversion to ADO, whereas Cx43 expression itself enhances adhesion.	Adenosine	181-184	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	66-70
24429288-6	2014	The NudP ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity is reminiscent of the reactions performed by the mammalian ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 involved in regulating the extracellular level of ATP and adenosine.	Adenosine	188-197	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	9-29
24429288-6	2014	The NudP ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity is reminiscent of the reactions performed by the mammalian ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 involved in regulating the extracellular level of ATP and adenosine.	Adenosine	188-197	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	125-129
24586402-2	2014	Type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1) is responsible for the majority of adenosine transport across the plasma membrane and is ubiquitously expressed in both humans and mice.	Adenosine	86-95	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	45-49
24600452-2	2014	Nucleotides such as adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate are release from injured and necrotic cells and hydrolyzed to adenosine monophosphate and adenosine by the concerted action of the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	20-29	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	227-231
24213679-5	2014	A subset of iTreg expressing ectonucleotidases, CD39 and CD73, is able to hydrolyze ATP to 5"-AMP and adenosine (ADO) and thus mediate suppression of those immune cells which express ADO receptors.	Adenosine	102-111	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	57-61
24213679-5	2014	A subset of iTreg expressing ectonucleotidases, CD39 and CD73, is able to hydrolyze ATP to 5"-AMP and adenosine (ADO) and thus mediate suppression of those immune cells which express ADO receptors.	Adenosine	113-116	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	57-61
25210228-7	2014	Disparity between ATP outflow and adenosine deficit in postinflammatory ileitis is ascribed to feed-forward inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 by high extracellular ATP and/or ADP.	Adenosine	34-43	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	122-142
25210228-7	2014	Disparity between ATP outflow and adenosine deficit in postinflammatory ileitis is ascribed to feed-forward inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 by high extracellular ATP and/or ADP.	Adenosine	34-43	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	143-147
24940684-2	2014	Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (eNTPD1, CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5NT, CD73) are ectoenzymes that convert adenosine triphosphate to adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate and finally to adenosine.	Adenosine	131-140	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Sus scrofa	0-48
24940684-2	2014	Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (eNTPD1, CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5NT, CD73) are ectoenzymes that convert adenosine triphosphate to adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate and finally to adenosine.	Adenosine	131-140	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Sus scrofa	50-56
24940684-2	2014	Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (eNTPD1, CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5NT, CD73) are ectoenzymes that convert adenosine triphosphate to adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate and finally to adenosine.	Adenosine	131-140	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Sus scrofa	58-62
24227782-0	2013	Selective inhibition of KCa3.1 channels mediates adenosine regulation of the motility of human T cells.	Adenosine	49-58	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	24-30
24227782-6	2013	Adenosine selectively inhibited KCa3.1, but not Kv1.3 and TRPM7, in activated human T cells.	Adenosine	0-9	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	32-38
24227782-7	2013	This effect of adenosine was mainly mediated by A2A receptors, as KCa3.1 inhibition was reversed by SCH58261 (selective A2A receptor antagonist), but not by MRS1754 (A2B receptor antagonist), and it was mimicked by the A2A receptor agonist CGS21680.	Adenosine	15-24	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	66-72
24227782-8	2013	Furthermore, it was mediated by the cAMP/protein kinase A isoform (PKAI) signaling pathway, as adenylyl-cyclase and PKAI inhibition prevented adenosine effect on KCa3.1.	Adenosine	142-151	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	162-168
24227782-9	2013	The functional implication of the effect of adenosine on KCa3.1 was determined by measuring T cell motility on ICAM-1 surfaces.	Adenosine	44-53	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	57-63
24227782-13	2013	Additionally, adenosine suppresses IL-2 secretion via KCa3.1 inhibition.	Adenosine	14-23	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	54-60
24227782-14	2013	Our data indicate that adenosine inhibits KCa3.1 in human T cells via A2A receptor and PKAI, thereby resulting in decreased T cell motility and cytokine release.	Adenosine	23-32	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	42-48
24266925-1	2013	Adenosine has an important role in inflammation and tissue remodeling and promotes dermal fibrosis by adenosine receptor (A2AR) activation.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	122-126
23922379-4	2013	We found that adenosine augmented the IL-10-induced expression of TIMP-1 and arginase-1 by the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and by mouse BMDMs.	Adenosine	14-23	arginase, liver	Mus musculus	77-87
24012379-1	2013	The enzyme ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5NT, CD73), a metallophosphoesterase, is a critical component of adenosine metabolism and signaling and implicated in different disease states.	Adenosine	99-108	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	11-31
24012379-1	2013	The enzyme ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5NT, CD73), a metallophosphoesterase, is a critical component of adenosine metabolism and signaling and implicated in different disease states.	Adenosine	99-108	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	33-37
24012379-1	2013	The enzyme ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5NT, CD73), a metallophosphoesterase, is a critical component of adenosine metabolism and signaling and implicated in different disease states.	Adenosine	99-108	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	39-43
23884142-0	2013	Adenosine inhibits renin release from juxtaglomerular cells via an A1 receptor-TRPC-mediated pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	67-78
23884142-2	2013	Adenosine inhibits renin release via an adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) calcium-mediated pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	19-66
23884142-5	2013	We hypothesized that adenosine inhibits renin release via A1R activation, opening TRPC channels.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	58-61
23837961-1	2013	We previously established that exogenous adenosine (ADO) induces transient arrhythmias in the developing heart via the adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) and downstream activation of NADPH oxidase/ERK and PLC/PKC pathways.	Adenosine	41-50	adenosine A1 receptor	Gallus gallus	119-140
23837961-1	2013	We previously established that exogenous adenosine (ADO) induces transient arrhythmias in the developing heart via the adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) and downstream activation of NADPH oxidase/ERK and PLC/PKC pathways.	Adenosine	52-55	adenosine A1 receptor	Gallus gallus	119-140
23601674-3	2013	Expression of zinc-deficient SOD1 in Drosophila resulted in a progressive movement defect with associated mitochondrial cristae vacuolization and reductions in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels.	Adenosine	160-169	Superoxide dismutase 1	Drosophila melanogaster	29-33
24001064-2	2013	Adenosine homeostasis in the adult brain is largely under the control of metabolic clearance through adenosine kinase (ADK), expressed predominantly in astrocytes.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	101-117
24001064-2	2013	Adenosine homeostasis in the adult brain is largely under the control of metabolic clearance through adenosine kinase (ADK), expressed predominantly in astrocytes.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	119-122
24001064-9	2013	Although the ADK/adenosine system is an attractive target for the attenuation of an SE, the same system may also trigger downstream events related to epileptogenesis.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	13-16
23749427-5	2013	Expression of the ecto-5-nucleotide enzyme CD73 by Treg cells has been shown to contribute to their suppressive function by converting extracellular adenosine-5-monophosphate to adenosine, which, following interaction with adenosine receptors expressed on target cells, leads to immune modulation.	Adenosine	149-158	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	43-47
22322265-5	2012	Examples for such responses that we discuss in this review include hypoxia-elicited increases in extracellular adenosine production and signaling, particularly through the A2B adenosine receptor, and intestinal protection provided by hypoxia-inducible netrin-1.	Adenosine	111-120	netrin 1	Mus musculus	252-260
21678426-4	2012	In this study, our new data demonstrate that inhibition of MLCP by either CS1beta or MYPT1 siRNA-based depletion results in significant attenuation of purine nucleotide (ATP and adenosine)-induced EC barrier enhancement.	Adenosine	178-187	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A	Homo sapiens	85-90
23749427-6	2013	CD73 was evident on Treg cell derived exosomes, accordingly when these exosomes were incubated in the presence of adenosine-5-monophosphate production of adenosine was observed.	Adenosine	114-123	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
23650578-2	2012	Acute exposure to isoproterenol or adenosine enhanced PDK4 and PPARgamma mRNA gene expression in CON and MLP adipocytes.	Adenosine	35-44	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4	Rattus norvegicus	54-58
24353339-1	2014	Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) belongs to a family of enzymes that hydrolyze cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate.	Adenosine	84-93	phosphodiesterase 10A	Mus musculus	23-29
23650578-8	2012	In contrast, the effect of adenosine to increase PDK4 expression is independent of stimulation of lipolysis and, as SCD1 expression was unaffected by adenosine, unlikely to reflect PPARgamma activation.	Adenosine	27-36	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4	Rattus norvegicus	49-53
23749427-8	2013	Overall our findings demonstrate that CD73-expressing exosomes produced by Treg cells following activation contribute to their suppressive activity through the production of adenosine.	Adenosine	174-183	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	38-42
25126561-2	2014	Among the enzyme cascade, CD73, which catelyzes AMP breakdown to adenosine, has been found to be overexpressed in many types of cancer.	Adenosine	65-74	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	26-30
24015268-8	2013	Viral-induced ENS neurodysfunction influenced adenosine metabolism by increasing adenosine deaminase and CD73 levels in longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus with no sign of frank inflammation.	Adenosine	46-55	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	105-109
23859348-2	2013	The underlying cause is a deficiency of the mitochondrial protein frataxin which causes mitochondrial iron deposition, increased oxidative stress and impaired adenosine triphosphate production.	Adenosine	159-168	frataxin	Homo sapiens	66-74
23601906-1	2013	The enzymatic activities of CD39 and CD73 play strategic roles in calibrating the duration, magnitude, and chemical nature of purinergic signals delivered to immune cells through the conversion of ADP/ATP to AMP and AMP to adenosine, respectively.	Adenosine	223-232	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	37-41
23598411-1	2013	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is a double-stranded RNA-editing enzyme that converts adenosine (A) to inosine (I), and essential for normal development.	Adenosine	98-107	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	0-35
23598411-1	2013	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is a double-stranded RNA-editing enzyme that converts adenosine (A) to inosine (I), and essential for normal development.	Adenosine	98-107	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	37-42
23228442-2	2013	Recent studies suggest that metformin attenuates mTORC1 signalling by the activation of 5" adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the presence or absence of a functional hamartin/tuberin (TSC1/TSC2) complex.	Adenosine	91-100	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	49-55
23830401-6	2013	To this aim, we analyzed the expression of CD39 (ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1, ENTPD1) and CD73 (ecto-5-nucleotidase, NT5E), the main pathway for adenosine generation, in samples obtained from women with RPL.	Adenosine	166-175	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	117-136
23316066-5	2013	However, sustained elevated adenosine increases alveolar cell apoptosis in adenosine deaminase-deficient mice.	Adenosine	28-37	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	75-94
23316066-6	2013	We established an in vitro model of sustained adenosine exposure by incubating lung EC with adenosine in the presence of an adenosine deaminase inhibitor, deoxycoformicin.	Adenosine	46-55	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	124-143
23316066-7	2013	We demonstrated that sustained adenosine exposure caused lung EC apoptosis via nucleoside transporter-facilitated intracellular adenosine uptake, subsequent activation of p38 and JNK in mitochondria, and ultimately mitochondrial defects and activation of the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.	Adenosine	31-40	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	171-174
23292173-0	2013	Biological functions of ecto-enzymes in regulating extracellular adenosine levels in neoplastic and inflammatory disease states.	Adenosine	65-74	tripartite motif containing 33	Homo sapiens	24-28
23300031-3	2013	Cyclic-compressive loading of MSCs affects the expression of molecules involved in angiogenesis and matrix assembly, but also reduces the expression of CD73, an ecto-5"-nucleotidase, which plays a crucial role in extracellular adenosine generation.	Adenosine	227-236	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	152-156
23300031-3	2013	Cyclic-compressive loading of MSCs affects the expression of molecules involved in angiogenesis and matrix assembly, but also reduces the expression of CD73, an ecto-5"-nucleotidase, which plays a crucial role in extracellular adenosine generation.	Adenosine	227-236	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	161-181
23300031-8	2013	One major signal transduction pathway, which is activated via CD73-mediated adenosine, is the adenosine receptor pathway.	Adenosine	76-85	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	62-66
23142347-1	2012	In vertebrates ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5NT) catalyzes the hydrolysis of extracellular AMP to adenosine and represents the major control point for extracellular adenosine levels.	Adenosine	92-101	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	15-35
23142347-1	2012	In vertebrates ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5NT) catalyzes the hydrolysis of extracellular AMP to adenosine and represents the major control point for extracellular adenosine levels.	Adenosine	92-101	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	37-41
23142347-1	2012	In vertebrates ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5NT) catalyzes the hydrolysis of extracellular AMP to adenosine and represents the major control point for extracellular adenosine levels.	Adenosine	159-168	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	15-35
23142347-1	2012	In vertebrates ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5NT) catalyzes the hydrolysis of extracellular AMP to adenosine and represents the major control point for extracellular adenosine levels.	Adenosine	159-168	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	37-41
23129636-6	2012	We performed a screen in yeast to identify mutations in the hADAR2 catalytic domain that allow editing of an adenosine within a disfavored triplet.	Adenosine	109-118	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	60-66
22553809-1	2012	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) is a membrane-bound enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of adenosine monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	90-99	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-20
22553809-1	2012	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) is a membrane-bound enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of adenosine monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	90-99	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	22-26
22553809-2	2012	CD73 has been postulated to play an important role in carcinogenesis, as adenosine promotes tumor progression and CD73-expressing cancer cell lines are more aggressive.	Adenosine	73-82	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
21857250-0	2012	Neutrophil transintestinal epithelial migration to CXCR2 ligands is regulated by adenosine.	Adenosine	81-90	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	51-56
21857250-10	2012	CONCLUSIONS: PMN migration mediated by CXCR2 through the epithelium is regulated by adenosine.	Adenosine	84-93	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	39-44
21857250-11	2012	Adenosine appears to reduce transepithelial migration by influencing beta2 integrin use on the PMN.	Adenosine	0-9	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	69-74
22357852-9	2012	The enhanced anti-seizure and neuroprotective effect achieved by disruption of the A1R/neurabin/RGS4 complex is elicited by the on-site and on-demand release of endogenous adenosine, and does not require administration of A1R ligands.	Adenosine	172-181	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	83-86
22357852-11	2012	Moreover, these findings implicate the A1R/neurabin/RGS4 complex as a valid therapeutic target for specifically manipulating the neuroprotective effects of endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	167-176	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	39-42
22178987-9	2012	ADP, 2-methylthioadenosine-5"-O-diphosphate (2-MeSADP), or UTP decreased the electrically evoked ir-CGRP overflow, whereas clonidine, alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5"-triphosphate (alpha,beta-mATP), or adenosine (ADO) were inactive.	Adenosine	17-26	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	100-104
22135310-0	2012	Coexpression of ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 with specific NTPDases differentially regulates adenosine formation in the rat liver.	Adenosine	90-99	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	16-36
22135310-0	2012	Coexpression of ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 with specific NTPDases differentially regulates adenosine formation in the rat liver.	Adenosine	90-99	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	37-41
22135310-7	2012	Overall, ATP was rapidly converted to adenosine by the NTPDase1+CD73 combination, but not by the NTPDase2+CD73 combination.	Adenosine	38-47	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	64-68
22135310-8	2012	In the presence of NTPDase8 and CD73, ATP was sequentially dephosphorylated to the CD73 inhibitor ADP, and then to AMP, thus resulting in a delayed formation of adenosine.	Adenosine	161-170	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 8	Rattus norvegicus	19-27
22135310-8	2012	In the presence of NTPDase8 and CD73, ATP was sequentially dephosphorylated to the CD73 inhibitor ADP, and then to AMP, thus resulting in a delayed formation of adenosine.	Adenosine	161-170	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	32-36
22135310-8	2012	In the presence of NTPDase8 and CD73, ATP was sequentially dephosphorylated to the CD73 inhibitor ADP, and then to AMP, thus resulting in a delayed formation of adenosine.	Adenosine	161-170	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	83-87
22020741-8	2012	We also confirmed that adenosine promoted the expression of several             growth factors that are responsible for hair growth, including fibroblast growth             factors (FGF)-7, FGF-2, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and vascular endothelial             growth factor (VEGF) in a cDNA microarray with semi-quantitative RT-PCR.	Adenosine	23-32	fibroblast growth factor 2	Mus musculus	182-185
22020741-8	2012	We also confirmed that adenosine promoted the expression of several             growth factors that are responsible for hair growth, including fibroblast growth             factors (FGF)-7, FGF-2, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and vascular endothelial             growth factor (VEGF) in a cDNA microarray with semi-quantitative RT-PCR.	Adenosine	23-32	fibroblast growth factor 2	Mus musculus	190-195
22020741-8	2012	We also confirmed that adenosine promoted the expression of several             growth factors that are responsible for hair growth, including fibroblast growth             factors (FGF)-7, FGF-2, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and vascular endothelial             growth factor (VEGF) in a cDNA microarray with semi-quantitative RT-PCR.	Adenosine	23-32	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	197-231
23162807-1	2012	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN, CD73) mediates extracellular adenosine production from 5"-AMP.	Adenosine	55-64	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-20
21926236-3	2012	We show here that adenosine treatment of IL-4- or IL-13-activated macrophages augments the expression of alternative macrophage markers arginase-1, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and macrophage galactose-type C-type lectin-1.	Adenosine	18-27	arginase 1	Homo sapiens	136-146
21266914-8	2012	It has been speculated that the increase in the activities of ENT-1 and CNT-2 may reduce the availability of adenosine to adenosine receptors, thereby weakening the vascular functions of adenosine.	Adenosine	109-118	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	62-67
21266914-8	2012	It has been speculated that the increase in the activities of ENT-1 and CNT-2 may reduce the availability of adenosine to adenosine receptors, thereby weakening the vascular functions of adenosine.	Adenosine	122-131	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	62-67
22116830-2	2012	Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside and a ligand of four G protein-coupled adenosine receptors (ARs), which are the A(1)AR, A(2A)AR, A(2B)AR, and A(3)AR.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	125-131
21873810-7	2012	Adenosine and ATP respectively increased the production of IL-10 without affecting the production of IL-6, TNF-alpha and IL-12 in DH82 cells.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 10	Canis lupus familiaris	59-64
22496660-0	2012	2"-O methylation of internal adenosine by flavivirus NS5 methyltransferase.	Adenosine	29-38	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	53-56
21306861-1	2011	NTPDase (EC 3.6.1.5) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes extracellular nucleoside tri- and/or diphoshates forming AMP that can serve as a substrate for an ecto-5"-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5) with liberation of adenosine, a modulator of vascular tone and inhibitor of platelet aggregation.	Adenosine	201-210	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	148-168
21998208-0	2011	CD73-generated extracellular adenosine in chronic lymphocytic leukemia creates local conditions counteracting drug-induced cell death.	Adenosine	29-38	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
21998208-1	2011	Extracellular adenosine (ADO), generated from ATP or ADP through the concerted action of the ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73, elicits autocrine and paracrine effects mediated by type 1 purinergic receptors.	Adenosine	14-23	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	114-118
21998208-1	2011	Extracellular adenosine (ADO), generated from ATP or ADP through the concerted action of the ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73, elicits autocrine and paracrine effects mediated by type 1 purinergic receptors.	Adenosine	25-28	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	114-118
21998208-5	2011	CD39(+)/CD73(+) CLL cells generate ADO from ADP in a time- and concentration-dependent manner.	Adenosine	35-38	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	8-12
21638125-0	2011	Ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 on OvCA cells are potent adenosine-generating enzymes responsible for adenosine receptor 2A-dependent suppression of T cell function and NK cell cytotoxicity.	Adenosine	57-66	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	27-31
21638125-1	2011	The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 degrade immune stimulatory ATP to adenosine that inhibits T and NK cell responses via the A(2A) adenosine receptor (ADORA2A).	Adenosine	70-79	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	31-35
21838670-2	2011	In the central nervous system adenosine A(2A) receptors (A(2A)Rs) are highly enriched in striatopallidal neurons where they form functional oligomeric complexes with other GPCRs such us the dopamine D(2) receptor (D(2)R).	Adenosine	30-39	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	190-212
21702720-1	2011	INTRODUCTION: Emerging data suggest that human inducible regulatory T cells (Tr1) produce adenosine and prostaglandin E(2) and that these factors cooperate in mediating immune suppression.	Adenosine	90-99	taste 1 receptor member 1	Homo sapiens	77-80
21702720-2	2011	AREAS COVERED: Human Tr1 present in human tumors or blood of cancer patients express ectonucleotidases, CD39 and/or CD73, hydrolyze ATP to adenosine and are COX-2 positive.	Adenosine	139-148	taste 1 receptor member 1	Homo sapiens	21-24
21427729-1	2011	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is the major negative metabolic regulator of the endogenous neuroprotectant and homeostatic bioenergetic network regulator adenosine.	Adenosine	146-155	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	0-16
21427729-1	2011	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is the major negative metabolic regulator of the endogenous neuroprotectant and homeostatic bioenergetic network regulator adenosine.	Adenosine	146-155	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	18-21
21701073-5	2011	The diet is shown to decrease expression of the enzyme adenosine kinase (Adk), which is responsible for clearing the endogenous antiepileptic agent adenosine (Ado) from the extracellular CNS space.	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	73-76
21701073-5	2011	The diet is shown to decrease expression of the enzyme adenosine kinase (Adk), which is responsible for clearing the endogenous antiepileptic agent adenosine (Ado) from the extracellular CNS space.	Adenosine	159-162	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	55-71
21701073-5	2011	The diet is shown to decrease expression of the enzyme adenosine kinase (Adk), which is responsible for clearing the endogenous antiepileptic agent adenosine (Ado) from the extracellular CNS space.	Adenosine	159-162	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	73-76
21395582-0	2011	Expression of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 in mouse neurons regulates adenosine levels in physiological and hypoxic-ischemic conditions.	Adenosine	86-95	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	20-58
21432905-1	2011	Huntington"s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a cytosine adenosine guanine (CAG) expansion in the huntingtin gene.	Adenosine	78-87	huntingtin	Homo sapiens	119-129
21593382-3	2011	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) counters this effect by catabolizing adenosine.	Adenosine	63-72	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-19
21593382-3	2011	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) counters this effect by catabolizing adenosine.	Adenosine	63-72	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	21-24
22997174-0	2014	Homeostatic control of synaptic activity by endogenous adenosine is mediated by adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	80-96
21515851-8	2011	Cells from GDM exhibited increased insulin receptor A isoform expression in addition to the reported NO-dependent inhibition of hENT1-adenosine transport and SLC29A1 reporter repression, and increased extracellular concentration of adenosine and NO synthase activity.	Adenosine	134-143	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	128-133
21622100-4	2011	More recently, we provided the first evidence that adenosine regulates osteoclast formation and function through A1 receptor (A1R), and showed that A1R-knockout mice have significantly increased bone volume as a result of impaired osteoclast-mediated bone resorption.	Adenosine	51-60	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	126-129
21622100-4	2011	More recently, we provided the first evidence that adenosine regulates osteoclast formation and function through A1 receptor (A1R), and showed that A1R-knockout mice have significantly increased bone volume as a result of impaired osteoclast-mediated bone resorption.	Adenosine	51-60	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	148-151
21622100-5	2011	Moreover, adenosine A1R-knockout mice are protective from boss loss following ovariectomy further supporting the involvement of adenosine in osteoclast formation and function.	Adenosine	10-19	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	20-23
21337375-4	2011	The rate-limiting enzyme in the ectonucleotidase pathway is ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e-5NT), which catalyzes the final step of dephosphorylation of AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	152-161	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	60-80
21337375-4	2011	The rate-limiting enzyme in the ectonucleotidase pathway is ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e-5NT), which catalyzes the final step of dephosphorylation of AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	152-161	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	82-87
22997174-1	2014	Extracellular adenosine, a key regulator of neuronal excitability, is metabolized by astrocyte-based enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK).	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	108-124
21337375-10	2011	Thus, CSI induced dynamic changes in the expression pattern of e-5NT that modify the ATP/adenosine ratio and the extent of P1 and P2 receptors activation and, therefore, outcome of the pathological processes after CSI.	Adenosine	89-98	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	63-68
22997174-1	2014	Extracellular adenosine, a key regulator of neuronal excitability, is metabolized by astrocyte-based enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK).	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	126-129
22997174-2	2014	We hypothesized that ADK might be an upstream regulator of adenosine-based homeostatic brain functions by simultaneously affecting several downstream pathways.	Adenosine	59-68	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	21-24
22997174-5	2014	We conclude that ADK provides important upstream regulation of adenosine-based homeostatic function of the brain and that this mechanism is necessary and permissive to synaptic actions of adenosine acting on multiple pathways.	Adenosine	63-72	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	17-20
22997174-5	2014	We conclude that ADK provides important upstream regulation of adenosine-based homeostatic function of the brain and that this mechanism is necessary and permissive to synaptic actions of adenosine acting on multiple pathways.	Adenosine	188-197	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	17-20
21484089-5	2011	Utilizing the hCMEC/D3 cell line, we determined that these cells express CD73, the cell surface enzyme that converts extracellular AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	138-147	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	73-77
24707115-4	2014	Two of these enzymes acting sequentially, CD39 and CD73, efficiently hydrolyze extracellular ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	100-109	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	51-55
21511827-2	2011	Here, mice with chronically elevated levels of adenosine, resulting from a deficiency in adenosine deaminase (ADA), developed renal dysfunction and fibrosis.	Adenosine	47-56	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	89-108
21511827-2	2011	Here, mice with chronically elevated levels of adenosine, resulting from a deficiency in adenosine deaminase (ADA), developed renal dysfunction and fibrosis.	Adenosine	47-56	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	110-113
25210228-8	2014	Redistribution of NTPDase2, but not of NTPDase3, from ganglion cell bodies to myenteric nerve terminals leads to preferential ADP accumulation from released ATP, thus contributing to the prolonged inhibition of muscle-bound ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 and to the delay of adenosine formation at the inflamed neuromuscular synapse.	Adenosine	270-279	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	224-244
21511827-3	2011	Both the administration of polyethylene glycol-modified ADA to reduce adenosine levels and the inhibition of the A(2B) adenosine receptor (A(2B)R) attenuated renal fibrosis and dysfunction.	Adenosine	70-79	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	56-59
22750273-1	2012	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e-5NT) is a cell-surface located, rate-limiting enzyme in the extracellular metabolism of ATP, catalyzing the final step of the conversion of AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	171-180	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-20
24940685-2	2014	Extracellular pathway that converts ATP and ADP to AMP, and AMP to adenosine mainly mediated by ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1, (ENTPD1 or CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (E5NT or CD73) respectively, is considered as important target for xenograft protection.	Adenosine	67-76	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	168-188
22750273-1	2012	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e-5NT) is a cell-surface located, rate-limiting enzyme in the extracellular metabolism of ATP, catalyzing the final step of the conversion of AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	171-180	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	22-27
24940685-2	2014	Extracellular pathway that converts ATP and ADP to AMP, and AMP to adenosine mainly mediated by ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1, (ENTPD1 or CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (E5NT or CD73) respectively, is considered as important target for xenograft protection.	Adenosine	67-76	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	190-194
21473759-7	2011	Since 5-HT2CR pre-mRNA is adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) edited, we also evaluated the 5-HT2CR RNA editing profiles of SERT+/+ and SERT-/- mice in amygdala.	Adenosine	26-35	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C	Mus musculus	6-13
24940685-2	2014	Extracellular pathway that converts ATP and ADP to AMP, and AMP to adenosine mainly mediated by ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1, (ENTPD1 or CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (E5NT or CD73) respectively, is considered as important target for xenograft protection.	Adenosine	67-76	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	198-202
24940685-8	2014	Following addition of AMP, production of adenosine in the medium of E5NT/ENTPD1- and E5NT- transfected cells increased to 14.2+-1.1 and 24.5+-3.4 muM respectively while it remained below 1 muM in controls and in ENTPD1-transfected cells.	Adenosine	41-50	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	68-72
22771697-7	2012	SIGNIFICANCE: Taken together, these data reveal that TH can influence adenosine production by modulating 5"-nucleotidase activity and expression, which may contribute to the cardioprotective effect and the maintenance of cardiac function under TH privation.	Adenosine	70-79	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	105-120
24940685-8	2014	Following addition of AMP, production of adenosine in the medium of E5NT/ENTPD1- and E5NT- transfected cells increased to 14.2+-1.1 and 24.5+-3.4 muM respectively while it remained below 1 muM in controls and in ENTPD1-transfected cells.	Adenosine	41-50	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	85-89
24940685-9	2014	A marked increase of adenosine formation from ADP or ATP was observed only in E5NT/ENTPD1-transfected cells (11.7+-0.1 and 5.7+-2.2 muM respectively) but not in any other condition studied.	Adenosine	21-30	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	78-82
21244098-4	2011	These results indicate that the nicotinamide moiety as well as the adenosine moiety has an important role in binding to nNOS.	Adenosine	67-76	nitric oxide synthase 1	Homo sapiens	120-124
25274211-4	2014	Extracellular adenosine generated by CD73/ecto-5"-nucleotidase from ATP via AMP plays pleiotropic roles under physiological and pathological conditions by engaging four adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	14-23	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	37-41
21412432-11	2011	Connecting the exclusive expression of ADGF-A within sites of inflammation, as presented here, with the release of energy stores when the ADGF-A activity is absent, suggests that extra-cellular adenosine may function as a signal for energy allocation during immune response and that ADGF-A/ADA2 expression in such sites of inflammation may regulate this role.	Adenosine	194-203	transcriptional adaptor 2A	Homo sapiens	290-294
22883932-0	2012	Extracellular adenosine signaling induces CX3CL1 expression in the brain to promote experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.	Adenosine	14-23	chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1	Mus musculus	42-48
22883932-5	2012	RESULTS: We show that extracellular adenosine triggered lymphocyte migration into the CNS by inducing the expression of the specialized chemokine/adhesion molecule CX3CL1 at the choroid plexus.	Adenosine	36-45	chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1	Mus musculus	164-170
22883932-12	2012	CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that extracellular adenosine is an endogenous modulator of neuroinflammation during EAE that induces CX3CL1 at the choroid plexus to trigger lymphocyte entry into the brain.	Adenosine	44-53	chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1	Mus musculus	126-132
21386999-1	2011	Adenosine A(2A) receptors (A2ARs) are thought to interact negatively with the dopamine D(2) receptor (D2R), so selective A2AR antagonists have attracted attention as novel treatments for Parkinson"s disease (PD).	Adenosine	0-9	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	78-100
25274211-4	2014	Extracellular adenosine generated by CD73/ecto-5"-nucleotidase from ATP via AMP plays pleiotropic roles under physiological and pathological conditions by engaging four adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	14-23	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	42-62
21386999-1	2011	Adenosine A(2A) receptors (A2ARs) are thought to interact negatively with the dopamine D(2) receptor (D2R), so selective A2AR antagonists have attracted attention as novel treatments for Parkinson"s disease (PD).	Adenosine	0-9	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	102-105
25274211-9	2014	A competitive engraftment assay identified endogenous A2AAR signaling in donor T cells as part of a regulatory mechanism by CD73-generated adenosine.	Adenosine	139-148	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	124-128
25274211-11	2014	Along with our findings, we herein introduce a novel concept that CD73-generated adenosine counteracts the ATP-evoked allogeneic immune reaction as a negative regulatory mechanism in GVHD.	Adenosine	81-90	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	66-70
24312612-3	2013	Inosine is a naturally occurring metabolite of adenosine that crosses the cell membrane and, in neurons, activates Mst3b, a protein kinase that is part of a signal transduction pathway that regulates axon outgrowth.	Adenosine	47-56	serine/threonine kinase 24	Rattus norvegicus	115-120
21288095-6	2011	Affected members of Family 1 shared a single 22.4-Mb region of homozygosity on chromosome 6 and had a homozygous nonsense mutation (c.662C A, p.S221X) in NT5E, encoding CD73, which converts AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	197-206	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	154-158
21288095-6	2011	Affected members of Family 1 shared a single 22.4-Mb region of homozygosity on chromosome 6 and had a homozygous nonsense mutation (c.662C A, p.S221X) in NT5E, encoding CD73, which converts AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	197-206	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	169-173
21288095-13	2011	This gene encodes CD73, which converts AMP to adenosine, supporting a role for this metabolic pathway in inhibiting ectopic tissue calcification.	Adenosine	46-55	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	18-22
22634345-10	2012	Additionally, adenosine signaling via the A(2A) receptor (ADORA2A) on invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells inhibits iNKT cell activation and attenuates pulmonary dysfunction in SCD mice.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	58-65
23122642-4	2012	Based on the similarities of GACI, PXE, CALJA, and IBGC, it can be speculated that the underlying disease genes-ENPP1, ABCC6, NT5E, and SLC20A2, respectively-drive a cohesive molecular pathophysiology system modulated by ATP metabolism, inorganic pyrophosphate, adenosine, and inorganic phosphate generation and functional activities.	Adenosine	262-271	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	126-130
22521820-6	2012	Here, we evaluated the extent to which the behavioural phenotypes of Adk-tg mice might be modifiable by up-regulating adenosine levels in the cortex/hippocampus.	Adenosine	118-127	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	69-72
24001904-1	2013	The United States Pharmacopeia USP35-NF30 contains monographs for adenosine and sodium bicarbonate with imprecise and outdated color comparison assays for ammonia.	Adenosine	66-75	ubiquitin specific peptidase 35	Homo sapiens	31-36
21256874-0	2011	WITHDRAWN: Involvement of Adenosine Signaling in Controlling the Release of Ghrelin from the Mouse Stomach.	Adenosine	26-35	ghrelin	Mus musculus	76-83
22678911-8	2012	We propose that CD69 expression on CD39(+)  Treg cells enables them to interact with CD73-expressing CD8(+)  T cells to generate adenosine, thereby suppressing cytotoxicity.	Adenosine	129-138	CD69 molecule	Homo sapiens	16-20
24119573-3	2013	Altered adenosine metabolism and uptake by the endothelium leads to increased NO synthesis which then turns-off the expression of genes coding for a family of nucleoside membrane transporters belonging to equilibrative nucleoside transporters, particularly isoforms 1 (hENT1) and 2 (hENT2).	Adenosine	8-17	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	269-274
22678911-8	2012	We propose that CD69 expression on CD39(+)  Treg cells enables them to interact with CD73-expressing CD8(+)  T cells to generate adenosine, thereby suppressing cytotoxicity.	Adenosine	129-138	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	85-89
23771238-2	2013	The hypoadenosinergic hypothesis proposes that reduced extracellular adenosine levels contribute to dopamine D2 receptor hyperactivity.	Adenosine	8-17	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	100-120
22529293-2	2012	Although there are four adenosine receptor (AR) subtypes, the A2AAR is both highly expressed on lymphocytes and known as a prime mediator of adenosine"s anti-inflammatory effects.	Adenosine	24-33	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	62-67
21034735-12	2011	Under bowel inflammation, A(1) receptor loses its modulating actions, while the recruitment of A(2A) receptor by CD73-dependent endogenous adenosine drives an enhanced inhibitory control of colonic neuromotility.	Adenosine	139-148	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
21325824-0	2011	Adenosine activates AMPK to phosphorylate Bcl-XL responsible for mitochondrial damage and DIABLO release in HuH-7 cells.	Adenosine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	20-24
21325824-2	2011	The present study aimed at understanding AMPK signals for adenosine-induced HuH-7 cell apoptosis.	Adenosine	58-67	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	41-45
21325824-6	2011	Adenosine activated AMPK, to phosphorylate Bcl-X(L).	Adenosine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	20-24
24124932-1	2013	ADAR2 is a member of a family of RNA editing enzymes found in metazoa that bind double helical RNAs and deaminate select adenosines.	Adenosine	121-131	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	0-5
21325824-7	2011	Adenosine or AICAR disrupted mitochondrial membrane potentials, and the effect was inhibited by knocking-down AMPKalpha1 and/or AMPKalpha2, expressing dominant negative mutant AMPKalpha2 or mutant Bcl-X(L) lacking Ser/Thr phosphorylation sites.	Adenosine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	110-120
21325824-7	2011	Adenosine or AICAR disrupted mitochondrial membrane potentials, and the effect was inhibited by knocking-down AMPKalpha1 and/or AMPKalpha2, expressing dominant negative mutant AMPKalpha2 or mutant Bcl-X(L) lacking Ser/Thr phosphorylation sites.	Adenosine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	128-138
21325824-7	2011	Adenosine or AICAR disrupted mitochondrial membrane potentials, and the effect was inhibited by knocking-down AMPKalpha1 and/or AMPKalpha2, expressing dominant negative mutant AMPKalpha2 or mutant Bcl-X(L) lacking Ser/Thr phosphorylation sites.	Adenosine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	176-186
22178888-0	2011	Adenosine promotes GATA-2-regulated p53 gene transcription to induce HepG2 cell apoptosis.	Adenosine	0-9	GATA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	19-25
22178888-7	2011	In the EMSA using a (32)P-labeled DNA probe to detect binding to the putative GATA-2 biding site on the p53 gene promoter, adenosine produced (32)P-positive signals in nuclear extracts from HepG2 cells.	Adenosine	123-132	GATA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	78-84
22178888-8	2011	In the Western blot analysis, adenosine increased presence of GATA-2 in nuclear extracts.	Adenosine	30-39	GATA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	62-68
22269791-1	2012	UNLABELLED: CD39 (ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1; ENTPD-1) rapidly hydrolyzes ATP and ADP to AMP; AMP is hydrolyzed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to adenosine, an anti-thrombotic and cardiovascular protective mediator.	Adenosine	168-177	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Sus scrofa	12-16
22269791-1	2012	UNLABELLED: CD39 (ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1; ENTPD-1) rapidly hydrolyzes ATP and ADP to AMP; AMP is hydrolyzed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to adenosine, an anti-thrombotic and cardiovascular protective mediator.	Adenosine	168-177	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Sus scrofa	18-66
22269791-1	2012	UNLABELLED: CD39 (ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1; ENTPD-1) rapidly hydrolyzes ATP and ADP to AMP; AMP is hydrolyzed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to adenosine, an anti-thrombotic and cardiovascular protective mediator.	Adenosine	168-177	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Sus scrofa	68-75
21678404-7	2012	ENT1-mediated adenosine uptake was also enhanced.	Adenosine	14-23	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-4
22178888-9	2011	In the ChIP assay, adenosine increased PCR products for the p53 gene promoter in chromosomal extracts from HepG2 cells, immunoprecipitated using an anti-GATA-2 antibody.	Adenosine	19-28	GATA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	153-159
24124932-12	2013	In addition, examination of the RNA sequence surrounding each edited adenosine in this novel group of ADAR2 sites revealed a previously unrecognized sequence preference.	Adenosine	69-78	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	102-107
23962057-4	2013	In this study, we determined whether ectonucleotidase-mediated adenosine production was required for A1 R antagonist-mediated inhibition, and, when we saw no effect, determined whether A1 R was constitutively activated and the antagonist was acting as an inverse agonist to diminish osteoclast differentiation.	Adenosine	63-72	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	101-105
22178888-10	2011	Adenosine-induced upregulation of the p53 mRNA expression was suppressed by knocking-down GATA-2.	Adenosine	0-9	GATA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	90-96
22178888-11	2011	CONCLUSION: The results of the present study show that p53 is a transcriptional target of GATA-2 and that adenosine upregulates GATA-2-regulated p53 expression, thereby activating caspase-3, -8, and -9 to induce HepG2 cell apoptosis.	Adenosine	106-115	GATA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	90-96
22178888-11	2011	CONCLUSION: The results of the present study show that p53 is a transcriptional target of GATA-2 and that adenosine upregulates GATA-2-regulated p53 expression, thereby activating caspase-3, -8, and -9 to induce HepG2 cell apoptosis.	Adenosine	106-115	GATA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	128-134
22423104-0	2012	Deletion of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) reveals direct action potential-dependent adenosine release.	Adenosine	82-91	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	12-32
24122028-5	2013	METHODS: We compare the effectiveness of A2aAR specific antagonist ZM241385 and equilibrative nucleoside transporter inhibitors Dipyridamole and NBMPR in preventing ADO-mediated inhibition of FcepsilonRI-induced degranulation of human skin mast cells (hSMCs).	Adenosine	165-168	Fc epsilon receptor Ia	Homo sapiens	192-203
22423104-0	2012	Deletion of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) reveals direct action potential-dependent adenosine release.	Adenosine	82-91	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	34-38
22087822-3	2011	Adaptive Treg (Tr1) generated in the tumor microenvironment express CD39 and CD73 ectonucleotidases, produce adenosine and are COX2+PGE2+.	Adenosine	109-118	taste 1 receptor member 1	Homo sapiens	15-18
24122028-6	2013	Western blotting is done to analyze the effect of ADO on FcepsilonRI-induced Syk phosphorylation.	Adenosine	50-53	Fc epsilon receptor Ia	Homo sapiens	57-68
22409811-3	2012	In vitro studies showed that neuron-specific expression of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) decreases extracellular adenosine levels and adenosine A1 receptor activity.	Adenosine	136-145	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	65-103
24122028-10	2013	ADO inhibited degranulation induced by FcepsilonRI crosslinking, but not that induced by complement component 5a (C5a), Substance P or calcium ionophore.	Adenosine	0-3	Fc epsilon receptor Ia	Homo sapiens	39-50
22409811-3	2012	In vitro studies showed that neuron-specific expression of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) decreases extracellular adenosine levels and adenosine A1 receptor activity.	Adenosine	136-145	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	105-110
21686225-2	2011	The action of adenosine in the heart is mediated by four G-protein-coupled receptors: A(1)-AR and A(3)-AR, which act via Galpha(1), and A(2A)-AR and A(2B)-AR, which act via Galpha(s).	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	86-105
24122028-11	2013	Accordingly, ADO significantly attenuated FcepsilonRI-induced phosphorylation of Syk at the critical activating tyrosine (Y525).	Adenosine	13-16	Fc epsilon receptor Ia	Homo sapiens	42-53
24122028-13	2013	Thus, ADO specifically inhibits FcepsilonRI-induced degranulation of hSMCs primarily by an intracellular mechanism that requires its influx via equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1).	Adenosine	6-9	Fc epsilon receptor Ia	Homo sapiens	32-43
24122028-13	2013	Thus, ADO specifically inhibits FcepsilonRI-induced degranulation of hSMCs primarily by an intracellular mechanism that requires its influx via equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1).	Adenosine	6-9	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	144-182
22265864-7	2012	Thus, we show that cannabidiol has anti-inflammatory effects in a murine model of acute lung injury and that this effect is most likely associated with an increase in the extracellular adenosine offer and signaling through adenosine A(2A) receptor.	Adenosine	185-194	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	223-247
24122028-13	2013	Thus, ADO specifically inhibits FcepsilonRI-induced degranulation of hSMCs primarily by an intracellular mechanism that requires its influx via equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1).	Adenosine	6-9	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	184-188
23897810-0	2013	Soluble ecto-5"-nucleotidase (5"-NT), alkaline phosphatase, and adenosine deaminase (ADA1) activities in neonatal blood favor elevated extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	64-73	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	85-89
22121051-3	2012	Expression of the activation coreceptor CD28 was suppressed significantly by 0.1 to 1 muM exogenous adenosine, with greater effects of 1 muM (P&lt;0.01) on T cells of younger (mean suppression of 67 and 65% for CD4 and CD8 T cells, respectively) than older (means of 42 and 46%) subjects.	Adenosine	100-109	CD28 molecule	Homo sapiens	40-44
22121051-4	2012	T-cell chemotaxis to CCL21 was suppressed significantly by 0.3 and 1 muM exogenous adenosine, with mean maximum decreases of 39 and 49%, respectively, for younger subjects and 28 and 31% for older subjects.	Adenosine	83-92	C-C motif chemokine ligand 21	Homo sapiens	21-26
22121051-6	2012	Lower baseline expression of CD28 and chemotaxis to CCL21 and S1P for T cells from older subjects attributable to endogenous adenosine were reversed completely by two different A(2A) adenosine receptor antagonists without affecting T cells of younger subjects.	Adenosine	125-134	CD28 molecule	Homo sapiens	29-33
22121051-6	2012	Lower baseline expression of CD28 and chemotaxis to CCL21 and S1P for T cells from older subjects attributable to endogenous adenosine were reversed completely by two different A(2A) adenosine receptor antagonists without affecting T cells of younger subjects.	Adenosine	125-134	C-C motif chemokine ligand 21	Homo sapiens	52-57
21057730-1	2010	The ecto-5"-nucleotidase, CD73, catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the phosphohydrolysis of ATP to adenosine, and is a critical regulator of the balance between adenosine and its nucleotide precursors.	Adenosine	100-109	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	4-24
21057730-1	2010	The ecto-5"-nucleotidase, CD73, catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the phosphohydrolysis of ATP to adenosine, and is a critical regulator of the balance between adenosine and its nucleotide precursors.	Adenosine	100-109	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	26-30
21057730-1	2010	The ecto-5"-nucleotidase, CD73, catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the phosphohydrolysis of ATP to adenosine, and is a critical regulator of the balance between adenosine and its nucleotide precursors.	Adenosine	162-171	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	4-24
21057730-1	2010	The ecto-5"-nucleotidase, CD73, catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the phosphohydrolysis of ATP to adenosine, and is a critical regulator of the balance between adenosine and its nucleotide precursors.	Adenosine	162-171	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	26-30
21057730-5	2010	These beneficial effects of CD73 have largely been attributed to downstream adenosine signaling through its tissue-specific receptors.	Adenosine	76-85	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	28-32
23897810-4	2013	We demonstrate that soluble 5"-nucleotidase (5"-NT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) mediate conversion of AMP to adenosine, whereas soluble adenosine deaminase (ADA) catabolizes adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	111-120	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	28-43
20599769-3	2010	More recently, however, the discovery of non-adenosine agonists for the human adenosine A(1) receptor (hA(1)R) has challenged this dogma (Beukers et al., 2004).	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	78-101
23911318-5	2013	We found that AMPD2 plays an evolutionary conserved role in the maintenance of cellular guanine nucleotide pools by regulating the feedback inhibition of adenosine derivatives on de novo purine synthesis.	Adenosine	154-163	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	14-19
20679180-3	2010	In preclinical studies, increased ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity, the key enzyme in extracellular adenosine formation, plays an important role in these effects.	Adenosine	97-106	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	34-54
20679180-10	2010	Rosuvastatin increases extracellular formation of adenosine in humans in vivo probably by enhancing ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity.	Adenosine	50-59	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	100-120
22215671-3	2012	In contrast, AMP only activated the adenosine A(2B) receptor (A(2B)R) after hydrolysis to adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) or prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP, ACPP).	Adenosine	36-45	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	103-123
22215671-3	2012	In contrast, AMP only activated the adenosine A(2B) receptor (A(2B)R) after hydrolysis to adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) or prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP, ACPP).	Adenosine	36-45	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	131-135
22215671-5	2012	ACP also depressed cAMP levels in mouse cortical neurons through activation of endogenous A(1)R. Non-selective purinergic receptor antagonists (pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2",4"-disulfonic acid and suramin) did not block adenosine- or AMP-evoked activation.	Adenosine	224-233	vitamin A enhanced cleft palate	Mus musculus	0-3
24159377-6	2013	Additionally, adenosine increased phosphorylation of p47-phox subunit and ERK 1/2 without changing protein expression of Nox isoforms in WT.	Adenosine	14-23	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	74-81
20522203-5	2010	Overall, we may speculate that, in males, higher adenosine levels (conferred by ADA*2) may counteract the higher levels of TNF-alpha (conferred by TNF-alpha*A) in protective model of inheritance.	Adenosine	49-58	transcriptional adaptor 2A	Homo sapiens	80-85
24159377-9	2013	In conclusion, adenosine-induced increase in CF in isolated heart involves Nox2-generated superoxide, possibly through ERK 1/2 phosphorylation with subsequent p47-phox subunit phosphorylation.	Adenosine	15-24	cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide	Mus musculus	75-79
22184407-6	2012	Untreated murine ADA(-/-) Tregs show alterations in the plasma membrane CD39/CD73 ectonucleotidase machinery and limited suppressive activity via extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	160-169	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	17-20
24159377-9	2013	In conclusion, adenosine-induced increase in CF in isolated heart involves Nox2-generated superoxide, possibly through ERK 1/2 phosphorylation with subsequent p47-phox subunit phosphorylation.	Adenosine	15-24	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	119-126
23843511-8	2013	These results show that CD73-mediated formation of extracellular adenosine is responsible for the activation of striatal A2AR function.	Adenosine	65-74	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	121-125
22219293-11	2012	Adenosine is generated during taste stimulation mainly by the action of the ecto-5"-nucleotidase, NT5E, and to a lesser extent, prostatic acid phosphatase.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	76-96
22219293-11	2012	Adenosine is generated during taste stimulation mainly by the action of the ecto-5"-nucleotidase, NT5E, and to a lesser extent, prostatic acid phosphatase.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	98-102
20881134-2	2010	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is the primary enzyme metabolizing adenosine in adult brain.	Adenosine	58-67	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	0-16
20881134-2	2010	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is the primary enzyme metabolizing adenosine in adult brain.	Adenosine	58-67	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	18-21
21054262-5	2010	Acute ethanol elevates extracellular adenosine levels by selectively inhibiting the type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter, ENT1.	Adenosine	37-46	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	129-133
21725896-2	2012	A-to-I editing is mediated by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) that can catalytically exchange adenosines to inosines, with varying efficiency, depending on the structure of the RNA substrates.	Adenosine	104-114	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	30-64
23685153-1	2013	The early activation of microglia that induces retinal inflammation in DR may serve as a target for therapeutic intervention of DR. Our demonstration that retinal inflammation is attenuated via adenosine receptor A(2A)AR supports the hypothesis that a mechanism to maintain extracellular concentrations of adenosine important in normal physiology is impaired in DR. Extracellular concentrations of adenosine are regulated by the interplay of equiliberative nucleoside transporter (ENT)s with enzymes of adenosine metabolism including adenosine deaminase-1 (ADA1), adenosine kinase (AK) and CD73.	Adenosine	194-203	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	590-594
21725896-2	2012	A-to-I editing is mediated by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) that can catalytically exchange adenosines to inosines, with varying efficiency, depending on the structure of the RNA substrates.	Adenosine	104-114	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	66-70
22147955-5	2012	Our results show that Engrailed/ephrin A5 synergy in growth cone collapse involves adenosine A1 receptor activation after Engrailed-dependent ATP synthesis, followed by ATP secretion and hydrolysis to adenosine.	Adenosine	83-92	ephrin A5	Gallus gallus	32-41
22147955-7	2012	Based on these results, together with higher expression of the adenosine A1 receptor in temporal than nasal growth cones, we propose a computational model that illustrates how the interaction between Engrailed, ephrin A5 and adenosine could increase the precision of the retinal projection map.	Adenosine	63-72	ephrin A5	Gallus gallus	211-220
20548026-6	2010	Because real-time PCR revealed a 43-fold upregulation of mRNA for the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) in WT allografts compared with WT isografts (p = 0.032), additional experiments were performed to determine whether the protective effect of CD73 was due to generation of adenosine and its stimulation of the A2AR.	Adenosine	70-79	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	94-98
20421285-10	2010	Direct release of ADP/AMP from mucin granules is likely to provide a major source of airway surface adenosine to signal in a paracrine faction ciliated cell A(2b) receptors to activate ion/water secretion and appropriately hydrate goblet cell-released mucins.	Adenosine	100-109	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	31-36
23685153-1	2013	The early activation of microglia that induces retinal inflammation in DR may serve as a target for therapeutic intervention of DR. Our demonstration that retinal inflammation is attenuated via adenosine receptor A(2A)AR supports the hypothesis that a mechanism to maintain extracellular concentrations of adenosine important in normal physiology is impaired in DR. Extracellular concentrations of adenosine are regulated by the interplay of equiliberative nucleoside transporter (ENT)s with enzymes of adenosine metabolism including adenosine deaminase-1 (ADA1), adenosine kinase (AK) and CD73.	Adenosine	306-315	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	590-594
23685153-1	2013	The early activation of microglia that induces retinal inflammation in DR may serve as a target for therapeutic intervention of DR. Our demonstration that retinal inflammation is attenuated via adenosine receptor A(2A)AR supports the hypothesis that a mechanism to maintain extracellular concentrations of adenosine important in normal physiology is impaired in DR. Extracellular concentrations of adenosine are regulated by the interplay of equiliberative nucleoside transporter (ENT)s with enzymes of adenosine metabolism including adenosine deaminase-1 (ADA1), adenosine kinase (AK) and CD73.	Adenosine	306-315	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	590-594
23539502-8	2013	Both inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channel inhibitor barium and cAMP signalling inhibitor Rp-8-Br-cAMPS attenuated adenosine-induced dilation.	Adenosine	118-127	killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, two Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 4	Homo sapiens	33-36
20057501-0	2010	Negative regulation of diacylglycerol kinase theta mediates adenosine-dependent hepatocyte preconditioning.	Adenosine	60-69	diacylglycerol kinase, theta	Rattus norvegicus	23-50
22116830-10	2012	In addition, adenosine augmented IL-10 production by stimulating p38 MAPK.	Adenosine	13-22	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	65-73
23489944-7	2013	RESULTS: Routine adenosine testing for PV reconnection with additional targeted ablation resulted in a significant increase in freedom from AF post-PVI (RR 1.25; 95% CI 1.12-1.40; P &lt; 0.001).	Adenosine	17-26	ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1	Homo sapiens	153-157
21858682-2	2012	The overexpression of ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 (ecto-5"-NT/CD73), an adhesion molecule and the main enzymatic source of extracellular adenosine, has been reported in tumor cells, and it is emerging as a component of glioma progression.	Adenosine	135-144	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	22-42
21858682-2	2012	The overexpression of ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 (ecto-5"-NT/CD73), an adhesion molecule and the main enzymatic source of extracellular adenosine, has been reported in tumor cells, and it is emerging as a component of glioma progression.	Adenosine	135-144	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	43-47
21858682-2	2012	The overexpression of ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 (ecto-5"-NT/CD73), an adhesion molecule and the main enzymatic source of extracellular adenosine, has been reported in tumor cells, and it is emerging as a component of glioma progression.	Adenosine	135-144	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	60-64
21858682-7	2012	Taken together, these results suggest that ecto-5"-NT/CD73, an important producer of extracellular adenosine, may modulate glioma cell adhesion and tumor cell-extracellular matrix interactions.	Adenosine	99-108	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	54-58
22496660-4	2012	Recombinant NS5 proteins of West Nile virus and Dengue virus (serotype 4; DENV-4) specifically methylates polyA, but not polyG, polyC, or polyU, indicating that the methylation occurs at adenosine residue.	Adenosine	187-196	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	12-15
20200508-3	2010	We have recently shown that blocking adenosine A(1) receptors (A(1)R) with the specific antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX) abolishes CX3CL1-mediated rescue of neuronal excitotoxic death and that CX3CL1 induces the release of adenosine from microglia.	Adenosine	37-46	chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1	Mus musculus	152-158
20200508-3	2010	We have recently shown that blocking adenosine A(1) receptors (A(1)R) with the specific antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX) abolishes CX3CL1-mediated rescue of neuronal excitotoxic death and that CX3CL1 induces the release of adenosine from microglia.	Adenosine	37-46	chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1	Mus musculus	214-220
20200508-4	2010	In this study, we show that the presence of extracellular adenosine is mandatory for the neurotrophic effect of CX3CL1 as reducing adenosine levels in hippocampal cultures, by adenosine deaminase treatment, strongly impairs CX3CL1-mediated neuroprotection.	Adenosine	58-67	chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1	Mus musculus	112-118
20200508-4	2010	In this study, we show that the presence of extracellular adenosine is mandatory for the neurotrophic effect of CX3CL1 as reducing adenosine levels in hippocampal cultures, by adenosine deaminase treatment, strongly impairs CX3CL1-mediated neuroprotection.	Adenosine	58-67	chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1	Mus musculus	224-230
20200508-4	2010	In this study, we show that the presence of extracellular adenosine is mandatory for the neurotrophic effect of CX3CL1 as reducing adenosine levels in hippocampal cultures, by adenosine deaminase treatment, strongly impairs CX3CL1-mediated neuroprotection.	Adenosine	131-140	chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1	Mus musculus	112-118
22496660-12	2012	Collectively, our results demonstrate that flavivirus NS5 performs 2"-O methylation of internal adenosine of viral RNA in vivo and host ribosomal RNAs in vitro.	Adenosine	96-105	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	54-57
23423261-2	2013	As adenosine is a powerful cytoprotective molecule, we tested whether TGF-beta1 generated by isoflurane induces renal tubular ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) and adenosine to protect against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury.	Adenosine	3-12	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	70-79
21907764-2	2011	The hydrolysis of ATP by ectonucleotidases is an important source of adenosine, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) contributes to the regulation of this nucleoside concentration through its deamination.	Adenosine	69-78	adenosine deaminase	Danio rerio	105-108
22072684-6	2011	We show that, in the presence of the A1R antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine and in A1R-/- mice, the neuroprotective effect of CX3CL1 on pMCAO was abolished, indicating the critical importance of the adenosine system in CX3CL1 protection also in vivo.	Adenosine	210-219	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	37-40
22072684-6	2011	We show that, in the presence of the A1R antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine and in A1R-/- mice, the neuroprotective effect of CX3CL1 on pMCAO was abolished, indicating the critical importance of the adenosine system in CX3CL1 protection also in vivo.	Adenosine	210-219	chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1	Mus musculus	137-143
22072684-9	2011	Together, these data suggest that acute administration of CX3CL1 reduces ischemic damage via an adenosine-dependent mechanism and that the absence of constitutive CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signaling changes the outcome of microglia-mediated effects during CX3CL1 administration to ischemic brain.	Adenosine	96-105	chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1	Mus musculus	58-64
21846498-4	2011	We targeted adenosine kinase (ADK), the key enzyme in adenosine metabolism, using a treatment regime with the selective ADK inhibitor ABT-702 (1.5mg/kg intraperitoneally twice a week) commencing at the age of three months or six months.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	30-33
21729107-4	2011	The extracellular adenosine-producing pathway comprises two major enzymes CD39 (ATP   ADP   AMP) and CD73 (AMP   Adenosine).	Adenosine	18-27	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	101-105
21729107-6	2011	Our study shows high concentration of adenosine in diseased condition, varying expression of enzyme involved in adenosine-producing (CD73 ) and adenosine-degrading (ADA ) pathways.	Adenosine	38-47	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	133-137
21729107-6	2011	Our study shows high concentration of adenosine in diseased condition, varying expression of enzyme involved in adenosine-producing (CD73 ) and adenosine-degrading (ADA ) pathways.	Adenosine	112-121	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	133-137
21729107-6	2011	Our study shows high concentration of adenosine in diseased condition, varying expression of enzyme involved in adenosine-producing (CD73 ) and adenosine-degrading (ADA ) pathways.	Adenosine	112-121	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	133-137
22035583-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus is a human pathogen that produces extracellular adenosine to evade clearance by the host immune system, an activity attributed to the 5"-nucleotidase activity of adenosine synthase (AdsA).	Adenosine	82-91	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	168-183
21638125-7	2011	In vitro, human OvCA cell lines SK-OV-3 and OaW42 as well as 11/15 ascites-derived primary OvCA cell cultures expressed both functional CD39 and CD73 leading to more efficient depletion of extracellular ATP and enhanced generation of adenosine as compared to activated T(reg).	Adenosine	234-243	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	145-149
21638125-8	2011	Functional assays using siRNAs against CD39 and CD73 or pharmacological inhibitors of CD39, CD73 and ADORA2A revealed that tumour-derived adenosine inhibits the proliferation of allogeneic human CD4(+) T cells in co-culture with OvCA cells as well as cytotoxic T cell priming and NK cell cytotoxicity against SK-OV3 or OAW42 cells.	Adenosine	138-147	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	48-52
21638125-8	2011	Functional assays using siRNAs against CD39 and CD73 or pharmacological inhibitors of CD39, CD73 and ADORA2A revealed that tumour-derived adenosine inhibits the proliferation of allogeneic human CD4(+) T cells in co-culture with OvCA cells as well as cytotoxic T cell priming and NK cell cytotoxicity against SK-OV3 or OAW42 cells.	Adenosine	138-147	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	92-96
21770045-0	2011	Generation of anti-inflammatory adenosine by leukocytes is regulated by TGF-beta.	Adenosine	32-41	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	72-80
21770045-2	2011	We here show that CD73 expression on activated murine CD4(+)  T cells is induced by TGF-beta independently of Foxp3 expression, operates at the transcriptional level and translates into gain of functional capacity to generate adenosine.	Adenosine	226-235	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	84-92
21770045-3	2011	In the presence of AMP, CD73 induced by TGF-beta generates adenosine able to suppress proliferation of activated CD4(+)  T cells in vitro.	Adenosine	59-68	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	40-48
21770045-5	2011	CD73 is also upregulated by TGF-beta in CD8(+)  T cells, DCs and macrophages, so providing an amplification mechanism for adenosine generation in tissue microenvironments.	Adenosine	122-131	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	28-36
21847096-1	2011	ADAR2 catalyses the deamination of adenosine to inosine at the GluR2 Q/R site in the pre-mRNA encoding the critical subunit of AMPA receptors.	Adenosine	35-44	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA2 (alpha 2)	Mus musculus	63-68
21677139-0	2011	Cancer exosomes express CD39 and CD73, which suppress T cells through adenosine production.	Adenosine	70-79	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	33-37
21526763-0	2011	Adenosine-derived inhibitors of 78 kDa glucose regulated protein (Grp78) ATPase: insights into isoform selectivity.	Adenosine	0-9	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	73-79
22131942-3	2011	One of the major actions of adenosine is cytoprotection, mediated primarily via two ARs - A(1) (A(1)AR) and A(3) (A(3)AR).	Adenosine	28-37	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	96-102
21414400-1	2011	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73; EC 3.1.3.5, e-5NT) is regarded as the key enzyme in the extracellular formation of adenosine, which acts as a neuromodulator and important trophic and homeostatic factor in the brain.	Adenosine	111-120	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	0-20
21414400-1	2011	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73; EC 3.1.3.5, e-5NT) is regarded as the key enzyme in the extracellular formation of adenosine, which acts as a neuromodulator and important trophic and homeostatic factor in the brain.	Adenosine	111-120	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	22-26
21437670-0	2011	Disparity in FcepsilonRI-induced degranulation of primary human lung and skin mast cells exposed to adenosine.	Adenosine	100-109	Fc epsilon receptor Ia	Homo sapiens	13-24
21437670-2	2011	A differential response to adenosine by human lung and skin mast cells is shown: low concentrations potentiate FcepsilonRI-induced degranulation of human lung mast cells but not that of skin mast cells.	Adenosine	27-36	Fc epsilon receptor Ia	Homo sapiens	111-122
21437670-6	2011	In addition, we identify the A3AR as a potentiating receptor of FcepsilonRI-induced degranulation, thereby implicating it in the in vivo bronchoconstrictive response to adenosine in asthmatics.	Adenosine	169-178	Fc epsilon receptor Ia	Homo sapiens	64-75
21336366-1	2011	Due to the biological importance of nucleotides and related species, such as XNP (where X = adenosine (A), uridine (U), cytidine (C), guanosine (G), and N = mono, di, tri), FAD and NADH, the development of optical probes for these molecules has recently been an active area of research.	Adenosine	92-101	ATRX chromatin remodeler	Homo sapiens	77-80
21223299-3	2011	Interestingly, ethanol is known to increase adenosine levels by inhibiting an ethanol-sensitive adenosine transporter, equilibrative nucleoside transporter type 1 (ENT1).	Adenosine	44-53	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	119-162
21223299-3	2011	Interestingly, ethanol is known to increase adenosine levels by inhibiting an ethanol-sensitive adenosine transporter, equilibrative nucleoside transporter type 1 (ENT1).	Adenosine	44-53	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	164-168
21275977-3	2011	Here we validate adenosine kinase (ADK), the astrocyte-based key negative regulator of the brain"s endogenous anticonvulsant adenosine, as a potential therapeutic target for antisense-mediated seizure suppression.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	35-38
21325824-10	2011	CONCLUSION: Adenosine activates AMPK, to disrupt mitochondrial membrane potentials through Bcl-X(L) phosphorylation, allowing DIABLO release from the mitochondria, as a factor for caspase-3 activation to induce HuH-7 cell apoptosis.	Adenosine	12-21	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	32-36
21176405-4	2011	We here demonstrate that the surface molecule CD39 is coexpressed in concert with CD73 on murine MSCs catalyzing the generation of adenosine, which can directly act on activated T cells via the adenosine A2A  receptor.	Adenosine	131-140	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	194-217
20876230-0	2011	Involvement of adenosine signaling in controlling the release of ghrelin from the mouse stomach.	Adenosine	15-24	ghrelin	Mus musculus	65-72
20876230-4	2011	Here, we examined the involvement of adenosine signaling in the control of ghrelin release from the perfused mouse stomach.	Adenosine	37-46	ghrelin	Mus musculus	75-82
20876230-7	2011	In A(2A) receptor knockout mice, adenosine inhibited ghrelin release, and the A(1) receptor-selective antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine blocked this inhibition.	Adenosine	33-42	ghrelin	Mus musculus	53-60
20876230-11	2011	Blockade of neural activities with tetrodotoxin abolished the stimulatory effect of adenosine on ghrelin release.	Adenosine	84-93	ghrelin	Mus musculus	97-104
20876230-12	2011	In conclusion, adenosine exerts predominantly a tonic A(2A) receptor-mediated stimulatory action on gastric ghrelin release, whereas an A(1) receptor-mediated inhibitory action is also apparent when the tonic excitatory effect was removed.	Adenosine	15-24	ghrelin	Mus musculus	108-115
21560043-6	2011	In addition, they provide AMP for the activity of ecto 5"-nucleotidase (ecto 5"-NT; CD73), which produces the P1 receptor agonist: adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	131-140	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	50-70
21560043-6	2011	In addition, they provide AMP for the activity of ecto 5"-nucleotidase (ecto 5"-NT; CD73), which produces the P1 receptor agonist: adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	131-140	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	72-82
21560043-6	2011	In addition, they provide AMP for the activity of ecto 5"-nucleotidase (ecto 5"-NT; CD73), which produces the P1 receptor agonist: adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	131-140	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	84-88
21560043-6	2011	In addition, they provide AMP for the activity of ecto 5"-nucleotidase (ecto 5"-NT; CD73), which produces the P1 receptor agonist: adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	142-145	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	50-70
21560043-6	2011	In addition, they provide AMP for the activity of ecto 5"-nucleotidase (ecto 5"-NT; CD73), which produces the P1 receptor agonist: adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	142-145	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	72-82
21560043-6	2011	In addition, they provide AMP for the activity of ecto 5"-nucleotidase (ecto 5"-NT; CD73), which produces the P1 receptor agonist: adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	142-145	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	84-88
21560049-2	2011	The pioneer work conducted with the adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient mouse provided irrefutable evidence that excess adenosine (ADO) accumulating in the lungs of asthmatic patients, constitutes a powerful mediator of disease severity.	Adenosine	36-45	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	57-60
21560049-2	2011	The pioneer work conducted with the adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient mouse provided irrefutable evidence that excess adenosine (ADO) accumulating in the lungs of asthmatic patients, constitutes a powerful mediator of disease severity.	Adenosine	131-134	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	36-55
21560049-2	2011	The pioneer work conducted with the adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient mouse provided irrefutable evidence that excess adenosine (ADO) accumulating in the lungs of asthmatic patients, constitutes a powerful mediator of disease severity.	Adenosine	131-134	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	57-60
20855100-3	2011	Both mucohalic acids (MXA) are direct genotoxins and potential carcinogens, with the capacity to alkylate the DNA bases guanosine, adenosine and cytosine, and they have been measured in concentrations ranging up to 700 ng/l in tap water.	Adenosine	131-140	MX dynamin like GTPase 1	Homo sapiens	22-25
20874842-1	2010	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), a cell surface protein that hydrolyzes extracellular AMP into adenosine and phosphate, is overexpressed in many solid tumors.	Adenosine	91-100	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-20
20874842-1	2010	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), a cell surface protein that hydrolyzes extracellular AMP into adenosine and phosphate, is overexpressed in many solid tumors.	Adenosine	91-100	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	22-26
20810615-3	2010	We tested the hypothesis that adenosine, produced in proximal tubule cells acting on adenosine type 1 receptors (A(1)-AR) promotes Na(+) and fluid uptake and mediates glomerular tubular balance.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	113-120
20525789-4	2010	Even more surprisingly, the Trm10p orthologue from the euryarchaeon Thermococcus kodakaraensis methylates the N(1)-atom of either adenosine or guanosine at position 9 in different tRNAs.	Adenosine	130-139	tRNA (guanine(9)-N(1))-methyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	28-34
20806121-4	2010	It also potentiated the inhibitory effects of adenosine-based P2Y12 antagonist AR-C69931MX or phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor IBMX on platelet aggregation.	Adenosine	46-55	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	62-67
20398264-2	2010	Since adenosine has antinociceptive effects in rodents and humans, we hypothesized that NT5E, an enzyme that generates adenosine, might also have antinociceptive effects in vivo.	Adenosine	6-15	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	88-92
20398264-2	2010	Since adenosine has antinociceptive effects in rodents and humans, we hypothesized that NT5E, an enzyme that generates adenosine, might also have antinociceptive effects in vivo.	Adenosine	119-128	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	88-92
20101614-4	2010	In the present study, we prepared mast cells that have mutations (Y219F/Y225F/Y229F) in three tyrosine residues of the FcepsilonRI beta-chain (FcRbeta)-ITAM in order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of degranulation response synergistically elicited by costimulation with low-dose antigen and adenosine.	Adenosine	298-307	Fc epsilon receptor Ia	Homo sapiens	119-130
20166886-0	2010	S100A8 and S100A9 inhibit neutrophil oxidative metabolism in-vitro: involvement of adenosine metabolites.	Adenosine	83-92	S100 calcium binding protein A8	Homo sapiens	0-6
20117116-10	2010	Thus, coexistence with NPP3 suggests an ectonucleotidase "enzyme chain" that is responsible for the sequential hydrolysis of ATP to adenosine, which may be an important therapeutic target in anticancer therapy.	Adenosine	132-141	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3	Rattus norvegicus	23-27
20104904-3	2010	This study evaluated the ability of various non-natural nucleosides that mimic the core structure of adenosine to modulate drug resistance by inhibiting the ATPase activity to P-gp.	Adenosine	101-110	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	157-163
19858092-5	2010	Here we demonstrate that increased adenosine is a novel causative factor contributing to penile fibrosis in two independent animal models of priapism, adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient mice and SCD transgenic mice.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	151-170
19858092-5	2010	Here we demonstrate that increased adenosine is a novel causative factor contributing to penile fibrosis in two independent animal models of priapism, adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient mice and SCD transgenic mice.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	172-175
19858092-6	2010	An important finding is that chronic reduction of adenosine by ADA enzyme therapy successfully attenuated penile fibrosis in both mouse models, indicating an essential role of increased adenosine in penile fibrosis and a novel therapeutic possibility for this serious complication.	Adenosine	50-59	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	63-66
19858092-6	2010	An important finding is that chronic reduction of adenosine by ADA enzyme therapy successfully attenuated penile fibrosis in both mouse models, indicating an essential role of increased adenosine in penile fibrosis and a novel therapeutic possibility for this serious complication.	Adenosine	186-195	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	63-66
20181103-1	2010	BACKGROUND: CD73 is a 5"-ectonucleotidase that produces extracellular adenosine, which then acts on G protein-coupled purigenic receptors to induce cellular responses.	Adenosine	70-79	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	12-16
20181103-5	2010	RESULTS: CD73 depletion resulted in a strong reduction in adenosine production, indicating that CD73 is the major source of extracellular adenosine in HUVECs.	Adenosine	58-67	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	9-13
20181103-5	2010	RESULTS: CD73 depletion resulted in a strong reduction in adenosine production, indicating that CD73 is the major source of extracellular adenosine in HUVECs.	Adenosine	58-67	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	96-100
20181103-5	2010	RESULTS: CD73 depletion resulted in a strong reduction in adenosine production, indicating that CD73 is the major source of extracellular adenosine in HUVECs.	Adenosine	138-147	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	9-13
20181103-5	2010	RESULTS: CD73 depletion resulted in a strong reduction in adenosine production, indicating that CD73 is the major source of extracellular adenosine in HUVECs.	Adenosine	138-147	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	96-100
20071517-10	2010	Since eADO levels and A1R activation are regulated by homeostatic, metabolic, and pathological factors, these data identify a mechanism in which CB1R function can be controlled by the brain adenosine system.	Adenosine	190-199	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	145-149
20026782-13	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Cx40-mediated gap junctional communication contributes to a quiescent nonactivated endothelium by propagating adenosine-evoked antiinflammatory signals between endothelial cells.	Adenosine	123-132	gap junction protein, alpha 5	Mus musculus	13-17
20738378-3	2010	Postmortem molecular analysis of the SCN1A gene by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), high-resolution melting curve analysis (HRMCA), and sequencing revealed a frameshift duplication of adenosine at position 504.	Adenosine	208-217	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 1	Homo sapiens	37-42
23423261-2	2013	As adenosine is a powerful cytoprotective molecule, we tested whether TGF-beta1 generated by isoflurane induces renal tubular ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) and adenosine to protect against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury.	Adenosine	158-167	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	70-79
23423261-8	2013	Thus, isoflurane causes TGF-beta1-dependent induction of renal tubular CD73 and adenosine generation to protect against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury.	Adenosine	80-89	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	24-33
23271562-3	2013	Acute or chronic inflammatory conditions lead to the release of precursor adenine nucleotides (adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosien diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)) from cells, which are extracellularly catabolized into adenosine by extracellular ectonucleotidases, i.e., CD39 or nucleoside triphosphate dephosphorylase (NTPD) and CD73 or 5"-ectonucleotidase.	Adenosine	95-104	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	354-358
20651031-1	2010	The serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2CR), a Gq-protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor, exists in multiple isoforms that result from RNA editing of five exonic adenosines that are converted to inosines.	Adenosine	157-167	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C	Mus musculus	4-34
20814156-5	2010	The trans-stimulated uptake of [3H]uridine at ICT was inhibited by ENT1 inhibitors/substrates such as NBMPR, dipyridamole, adenosine, and ribavirin in a concentration-dependent manner.	Adenosine	123-132	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	67-71
23378051-10	2013	Moreover, in agreement with a role of astrocyte-derived adenosine in modulating sleep homeostasis, we find that intracerebroventricular infusion of the A1R antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine (CPT) mimics this dnSNARE phenotype.	Adenosine	56-65	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	152-155
19785999-1	2009	There is evidence that adenosine acting at A(2A) receptors (A(2A)R) can influence striatal plasticity and cognitive functions.	Adenosine	23-32	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	43-58
19785999-1	2009	There is evidence that adenosine acting at A(2A) receptors (A(2A)R) can influence striatal plasticity and cognitive functions.	Adenosine	23-32	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	60-66
20682793-2	2010	Recent findings show a tumor-induced immunosuppressive mechanism, whereby tumor-derived CD73 functions as an ecto-enzyme to produce extracellular adenosine, which promotes tumor growth by limiting antitumor T-cell immunity via adenosine receptor signaling.	Adenosine	146-155	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	88-92
23288168-2	2013	Cell surface ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) rapidly dephosphorylates extracellular adenosine 5"-monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	80-89	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	13-33
19820430-2	2009	ADORA1 is ubiquitously expressed in the central nervous system and clinical and pharmacological evidence suggest the involvement of adenosine neurotransmission in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.	Adenosine	132-141	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	0-6
23288168-2	2013	Cell surface ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) rapidly dephosphorylates extracellular adenosine 5"-monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	80-89	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	35-39
23288168-3	2013	We tested the hypothesis that coronary vasodilation to adenine nucleotides is mediated by an endothelial CD73-dependent, extracellular production of adenosine that acts as an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor.	Adenosine	149-158	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	105-109
23288168-8	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Coronary vasodilation to adenine nucleotides is associated with endothelial CD73-dependent production of extracellular adenosine that acts as an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor by relaxing and hyperpolarizing underlying vascular smooth muscle cells via activating adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	132-141	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	89-93
19641096-7	2009	Kir current in MgATP-loaded cells was partially inhibited by bath application of quercetin (100 microM), phenylarsine oxide (100 microM), or wortmannin (50 microM), inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol (PI) kinases, and was completely inhibited by cell dialysis with 2 mM adenosine, a PI4 kinase inhibitor.	Adenosine	270-279	killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, two Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
23287800-3	2013	The modulation of extracellular adenosine levels by ectonucleotidase and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities may represent a key mechanism in the control of epileptogenesis.	Adenosine	32-41	adenosine deaminase	Danio rerio	73-92
19740334-7	2009	Further analysis of the underlying mechanisms demonstrated that adenosine prevented rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of the key kinase ZAP-70 as well as Akt and ERK1/2 in naive alphaCD3/CD28-stimulated CD8 cells.	Adenosine	64-73	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	159-165
23287800-3	2013	The modulation of extracellular adenosine levels by ectonucleotidase and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities may represent a key mechanism in the control of epileptogenesis.	Adenosine	32-41	adenosine deaminase	Danio rerio	94-97
23290937-1	2013	Glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission is modulated by adenosine, whose ambient level in the brain is in turn regulated by the metabolic enzyme, adenosine kinase (ADK).	Adenosine	65-74	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	155-171
19547959-1	2009	S-Adenosylhomocysteine-hydrolase (AdoHcy-hydrolase) catalyzes the reversible hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) to adenosine (Ado) and homocysteine (Hcy).	Adenosine	126-135	adenosylhomocysteinase	Bos taurus	0-32
19547959-1	2009	S-Adenosylhomocysteine-hydrolase (AdoHcy-hydrolase) catalyzes the reversible hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) to adenosine (Ado) and homocysteine (Hcy).	Adenosine	34-37	adenosylhomocysteinase	Bos taurus	0-32
23290937-1	2013	Glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission is modulated by adenosine, whose ambient level in the brain is in turn regulated by the metabolic enzyme, adenosine kinase (ADK).	Adenosine	65-74	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	173-176
23263788-4	2013	Adenosine is a signaling molecule that functions through the activation of four distinct adenosine receptors--the ADORA1, ADORA2A, ADORA2B, and ADORA3 receptors.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	114-120
19642681-5	2009	Analysis of the kinetics of the ADAR2 reaction with analogue-containing RNAs indicated 8-aza-7-deazaadenosine is an excellent substrate for this enzyme with a deamination rate eight times greater than that for adenosine.	Adenosine	100-109	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	32-37
23152114-2	2013	Therefore, we hypothesized that lack of sEH in mice enhances adenosine-induced relaxation through A(2A) adenosine receptors (AR) via CYP-epoxygenases and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Adenosine	61-70	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	154-202
23152114-2	2013	Therefore, we hypothesized that lack of sEH in mice enhances adenosine-induced relaxation through A(2A) adenosine receptors (AR) via CYP-epoxygenases and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Adenosine	61-70	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	204-213
19464286-2	2009	The synthesis of adenosine involves the catabolism of adenine nucleotides (ATP, ADP and AMP) by the action of extracellular ectonucleotidases i.e. CD39 or nucleoside triphosphate dephosphorylase (NTPD) and CD73 or 5"-ectonucleotidase.	Adenosine	17-26	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	206-210
23199317-3	2013	The ecto-enzymes CD39 and CD73 can dephosphorylate extracellular ATP to adenosine, thereby controlling this important pathway of immune modulation.	Adenosine	72-81	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	26-30
19539789-3	2009	The potentiating effect on CSLVA fiber sensitivity to an adenosine injection or lung inflation was blocked by capsazepine pretreatment (a TRPV1 receptor antagonist), but was unaffected by AM251 pretreatment (a CB1 receptor antagonist).	Adenosine	57-66	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-143
23482243-0	2013	A delicate balance: CD73-generated adenosine limits the severity of graft vs. host disease but also constrains the allogeneic graft vs. tumor effect.	Adenosine	35-44	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	20-24
19346255-5	2009	The present work examined the molecular mechanisms by which two of these widely used adenosine-based P2Y12 antagonists (2-methylthioadenosine 5"-monophosphate triethylammonium salt (2MeSAMP) and ARC69931MX), inhibit human platelet activation.	Adenosine	85-94	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	101-106
19297449-4	2009	Transepithelial fluxes of adenosine were mediated from apical-to-basolateral sides by apical hCNT3 and basolateral hENT2, whereas transepithelial fluxes of 2"-deoxyadenosine were mediated from basolateral-to-apical sides by apical hENT1 and basolateral human organic anion transporters (hOATs).	Adenosine	26-35	solute carrier family 28 member 3	Homo sapiens	93-98
19297449-5	2009	The transepithelial fluxes of adenosine, hCNT3-mediated cellular uptake of adenosine, and relative apical cell surface hCNT3 protein levels correlated positively in polarized hRPTCs.	Adenosine	75-84	solute carrier family 28 member 3	Homo sapiens	41-46
19297449-7	2009	Collectively, this evidence suggested that apical hCNT3 and basolateral hENT2 are involved in proximal tubular reabsorption of adenosine and some nucleoside drugs and that apical hENT1 and basolateral hOATs are involved in proximal tubular secretion of 2"-deoxyadenosine.	Adenosine	127-136	solute carrier family 28 member 3	Homo sapiens	50-55
19193655-2	2009	hENT1-mediated adenosine transport and expression are reduced in gestational diabetes and hyperglycaemia, conditions associated with increased synthesis and release of nitric oxide (NO) and TGF-beta1 in this cell type.	Adenosine	15-24	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-5
19193655-5	2009	Total and hENT1-mediated adenosine transport was measured in the absence or presence of TGF-beta1, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, NO synthase inhibitor), S-nitroso-N-acetyl-L,D-penicillamine (SNAP, NO donor), and/or KT-5823 (protein kinase G inhibitor) in control cells and cells expressing a truncated form of TGF-beta1 receptor type II (TTbetaRII).	Adenosine	25-34	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	10-15
19131477-6	2009	The potentiating effect on the sensitivity of CSLVA fibers to adenosine injection or lung inflation was completely blocked by pretreatment with capsazepine (a TRPV1 receptor antagonist) but was unaffected by pretreatment with AM281 (a CB1 receptor antagonist).	Adenosine	62-71	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	159-164
19222701-10	2009	Instead, hENT1 expression affects dynamic changes in endogenous adenosine levels, as revealed by altered behavioral responses to drugs that affect adenosine receptor signalling.	Adenosine	64-73	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	9-14
19292472-4	2009	Hypertension and plasma lipid, nitric oxide, insulin, leptin, adiponectin levels, and glucose metabolism were significantly improved in the adenosine group.	Adenosine	140-149	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	54-60
18640059-5	2009	Adenosine analogs were added to control and TNF-alpha- or LPS-treated cultures both in the absence and in the presence of adenosine deaminase (ADA) which is used to deplete endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Bos taurus	143-146
18640059-5	2009	Adenosine analogs were added to control and TNF-alpha- or LPS-treated cultures both in the absence and in the presence of adenosine deaminase (ADA) which is used to deplete endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	122-131	adenosine deaminase	Bos taurus	143-146
18951935-0	2009	Plasma brain natriuretic peptide at rest and after adenosine-induced myocardial ischemia in normotensive and essential hypertensive patients with suspected coronary artery disease.	Adenosine	51-60	natriuretic peptide B	Homo sapiens	7-32
19104409-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Adenosine provides renovascular protection in mouse models of ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/RI) through purinergic members of the G protein-coupled receptor family, such as the adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR).	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	190-211
19104409-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Adenosine provides renovascular protection in mouse models of ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/RI) through purinergic members of the G protein-coupled receptor family, such as the adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR).	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	213-217
18840621-5	2008	CONCLUSIONS: As a consequence of decreased ADA(2) activity , the half-life of adenosine will be lengthened.	Adenosine	78-87	transcriptional adaptor 2A	Homo sapiens	43-49
18636315-6	2008	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 may regulate the extracellular adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP) and adenosine levels.	Adenosine	57-66	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-20
18636315-6	2008	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 may regulate the extracellular adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP) and adenosine levels.	Adenosine	57-66	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	21-25
18636315-11	2008	Taken together, these results suggest the participation of ecto-5"-NT/CD73 in cell proliferation and that this process is dependent upon the enzyme"s production of adenosine, a proliferative factor, and removal of AMP, a toxic molecule for gliomas.	Adenosine	164-173	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	70-74
19036977-1	2008	RNA editing that converts adenosine to inosine replaces the gene-encoded Ile, Asn, and Ile (INI) of serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] receptor 2C (5-HT(2C)R) with Val, Gly, and Val (VGV).	Adenosine	26-35	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C	Mus musculus	152-161
18372081-3	2008	The design of a bisubstrate inhibitor of 17beta-HSD1, the estradiol/adenosine hybrid EM-1745, is reviewed and strategies for future designs of inhibitors are proposed.	Adenosine	68-77	RNA, U1 small nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	16-52
18825744-0	2008	IFN-beta regulates CD73 and adenosine expression at the blood-brain barrier.	Adenosine	28-37	interferon beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-8
18825744-7	2008	Upregulation of ecto-5"-nucleotidase and a subsequent increase in adenosine production might contribute to the beneficial effects of IFN-beta on MS via enhancing the endothelial barrier function.	Adenosine	66-75	interferon beta 1	Homo sapiens	133-141
18971634-1	2008	Among the extensively occurring adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) conversions in RNA, RNA editing at the GluR2 Q/R site is crucial for the survival of mammalian organisms.	Adenosine	32-41	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Homo sapiens	101-106
23482243-2	2013	Studies involving the inhibition of CD73 by genetic or pharmacologic means suggest that the levels of CD73-generated adenosine may be manipulated to control GvHD, while maintaining the GvT effect.	Adenosine	117-126	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	36-40
18703227-2	2008	Human equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 (hENT1) and hENT2 are crucial to maintain physiological plasma levels of adenosine, thus modulating its several biological effects through adenosine receptor activation.	Adenosine	119-128	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	47-52
18703227-8	2008	hPMEC from pre-eclampsia exhibit increased total transport (hENT1+hENT2), and maximal velocity (Vmax) for hENT2- (2-fold), but reduced Vmax for hENT1-mediated adenosine transport (75%), with no changes in apparent Km.	Adenosine	159-168	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	144-149
23482243-2	2013	Studies involving the inhibition of CD73 by genetic or pharmacologic means suggest that the levels of CD73-generated adenosine may be manipulated to control GvHD, while maintaining the GvT effect.	Adenosine	117-126	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	102-106
23520507-1	2013	CD73 functions as an ecto-5"-nucleotidase to produce extracellular adenosine that has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activity.	Adenosine	67-76	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
18585057-6	2008	Consistently, siRNA-mediated knockdown of p42 and p44 MAPK completely blocked adenosine-mediated rescue of hypoxic PC12 cells.	Adenosine	78-87	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
20174870-8	2010	Males aged 80-85 could be protected from ischemic stroke by higher levels of adenosine (determined by the ADA*2 allele).	Adenosine	77-86	transcriptional adaptor 2A	Homo sapiens	106-111
23520507-1	2013	CD73 functions as an ecto-5"-nucleotidase to produce extracellular adenosine that has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activity.	Adenosine	67-76	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	21-41
23658513-2	2013	A subpopulation of human Treg expresses the ectoenzyme CD39, which in association with CD73 converts ATP/ADP/AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	116-125	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	87-91
20174870-9	2010	The decrease of ADA*2 carriers in males over 85 may depend essentially on immunological factors; reduced levels of adenosine protect from asthma and other pulmonary diseases and lead to a reduced activation of inflammatory cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines production.	Adenosine	115-124	transcriptional adaptor 2A	Homo sapiens	16-21
18523561-7	2008	Treatment of JN-DSRCT-1 cells with adenosine analogs, such as 2-chloro-2"-deoxyadenosine (2-CdA), resulted in an increased cytotoxic response in dose- and pH-dependent manner.	Adenosine	35-44	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	92-95
23192044-1	2012	Eukaryotic ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5NT) catalyses the hydrolysis of extracellular AMP to adenosine and plays a pivotal role in switching on adenosine signalling via the P1 receptors of the purinergic signalling pathway.	Adenosine	88-97	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	11-31
18467695-3	2008	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is the principal catabolic enzyme for adenosine in vivo, and its deficiency leads to the spontaneous development of pulmonary fibrosis in mice.	Adenosine	64-73	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-19
18467695-3	2008	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is the principal catabolic enzyme for adenosine in vivo, and its deficiency leads to the spontaneous development of pulmonary fibrosis in mice.	Adenosine	64-73	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	21-24
20489039-4	2010	Infusion of adenosine to reduce mean arterial pressure (ABP) to approximately 60 mmHg increased carotid vascular conductance (CVC) in all groups, but the increase was larger in mature rats; carotid blood flow (CBF) was unchanged in juvenile, increased in mature, but fell in 4/8 middle-aged rats.	Adenosine	12-21	amine oxidase, copper containing 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
20814078-7	2010	Inclusion of alpha,alpha-methyleneadenosine 5"-diphosphate, a selective inhibitor of ecto-5"-nucleotidase in the incubation medium resulted in a significant decrease (7-fold) the adenosine concentration.	Adenosine	34-43	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	85-105
23192044-1	2012	Eukaryotic ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5NT) catalyses the hydrolysis of extracellular AMP to adenosine and plays a pivotal role in switching on adenosine signalling via the P1 receptors of the purinergic signalling pathway.	Adenosine	88-97	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	33-37
23192044-1	2012	Eukaryotic ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5NT) catalyses the hydrolysis of extracellular AMP to adenosine and plays a pivotal role in switching on adenosine signalling via the P1 receptors of the purinergic signalling pathway.	Adenosine	139-148	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	11-31
18537699-7	2008	In addition, LA activates the prostaglandin EP2 and EP4 receptors to stimulate the production of the small molecule cyclic adenosine 5" monophosphate (cAMP).	Adenosine	123-132	prostaglandin E receptor 2	Homo sapiens	44-47
23192044-1	2012	Eukaryotic ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5NT) catalyses the hydrolysis of extracellular AMP to adenosine and plays a pivotal role in switching on adenosine signalling via the P1 receptors of the purinergic signalling pathway.	Adenosine	139-148	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	33-37
20394819-1	2010	RNA transcripts encoding the 2C-subtype of serotonin (5HT(2C)) receptor undergo up to five adenosine-to-inosine editing events to encode twenty-four protein isoforms.	Adenosine	91-100	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C	Mus musculus	54-60
23083809-5	2012	Mouse Th17 cells induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) express CD39 and CD73 ectonucleotidases on their surfaces, which leads to adenosine release and suppression of T cell immunity.	Adenosine	145-154	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	61-69
20688392-4	2010	Forskolin, which stimulates adenylate cyclase activity, and the cAMP analogue 8-CPT-2"-O-Me-cAMP, which selectively activates the guanine exchange factor Epac1, mimicked the effect of adenosine.	Adenosine	184-193	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	80-85
18064606-3	2008	HUVEC incubation (24 h) with high D-glucose (25 mM) reduced hENT1-adenosine transport and pGL3-hENT1(-1114) construct SLC29A1 reporter activity compared with normal D-glucose (5 mM).	Adenosine	66-75	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	60-65
18064606-10	2008	Thus, reduced hENT1-mediated adenosine transport in high D-glucose may result from increased Sp1 binding to SLC29A1 promoter down-regulating hENT1 expression.	Adenosine	29-38	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	14-19
18064606-10	2008	Thus, reduced hENT1-mediated adenosine transport in high D-glucose may result from increased Sp1 binding to SLC29A1 promoter down-regulating hENT1 expression.	Adenosine	29-38	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	108-115
18064606-10	2008	Thus, reduced hENT1-mediated adenosine transport in high D-glucose may result from increased Sp1 binding to SLC29A1 promoter down-regulating hENT1 expression.	Adenosine	29-38	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	141-146
23086814-1	2012	CD73, an ecto-enzyme overexpressed in breast-cancer cells, catalyzes the dephosphorylation of adenosine monophosphates into adenosine.	Adenosine	94-103	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
23086814-5	2012	EGFR expression can be decreased by suppressing CD73 with an inhibitor or small shRNA, and this effect was reversed by adenosine and NECA (adenosine A2 receptor agonist), which suggested that adenosine is involved in EGFR expression regulated by CD73 (P &lt; 0.01).	Adenosine	119-128	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	246-250
18514936-7	2008	CONCLUSIONS: These increases in ecto-5"-nucleotidase in the plasma and myocardium may contribute to increased plasma and cardiac adenosine levels.	Adenosine	129-138	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	32-52
23035103-10	2012	These findings indicate that amygdala-based anterograde amnesia after hypoxia/reoxygenation is sustained by IL-1beta generated through adenosine-dependent activation of caspase 1 after reoxygenation.	Adenosine	135-144	caspase 1	Mus musculus	169-178
20143408-2	2010	Adenosine is released in response to hypoxia in the central nervous system and CGS21680, an adenosine A(2)A receptor agonist, induces TH transcription.	Adenosine	0-9	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	134-136
22791337-5	2012	The mechanism by which the cAMPs increase cell proliferation entails 1) metabolism to their respective AMPs, 2) metabolism of their respective AMPs to adenosine (which for 5"-AMP in preglomerular vascular endothelial cells is mediated by CD73), and 3) activation of A(2B) receptors.	Adenosine	151-160	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	238-242
20143408-3	2010	As we have previously demonstrated the A(2)A receptor-mediated induction of HIF-1 in macrophages and hepatocytes, we investigated the involvement of HIF-1 in the adenosine-mediated activation of TH expression.	Adenosine	162-171	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	195-197
20143408-4	2010	Exposure to adenosine or CGS21680 increased TH mRNA and protein levels in PC12 cells.	Adenosine	12-21	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	44-46
18583262-7	2008	RESULTS: The mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) was significantly higher in the hypoxic group than that in the normoxic group (P&lt;0.01) and in the adenosine-treated group (P&lt;0.01).	Adenosine	152-161	phospholipid phosphatase 1	Mus musculus	45-49
18600546-0	2008	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73)-mediated extracellular adenosine production plays a critical role in hepatic fibrosis.	Adenosine	51-60	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-20
22859272-10	2012	Western blot analysis confirmed that the expression of GRP78, cleaved caspase-4,             CHOP, NF-kappaB p65 and cleaved caspase-3 were upregulated in a dose-dependent manner             after adenosine treatment.	Adenosine	197-206	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	109-112
18600546-0	2008	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73)-mediated extracellular adenosine production plays a critical role in hepatic fibrosis.	Adenosine	51-60	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	22-26
20181818-5	2010	Our method is based on the serotonin 2C receptor (5-hydroxytryptamine(2C); 5HT(2C)) transcript, an RNA editing substrate in which up to five adenosines are modified.	Adenosine	141-151	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C	Mus musculus	75-81
22859272-11	2012	EMSA revealed that adenosine activated NF-kappaB p65.	Adenosine	19-28	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	49-52
20166886-8	2010	Inhibitors of the P1 adenosine receptors also reduced the anti-oxidative effect of S100A8/A9 providing further support for the involvement of adenosine metabolites in S100A8/ A9 anti-oxidative effect.	Adenosine	21-30	S100 calcium binding protein A8	Homo sapiens	83-89
22859272-12	2012	This             is the first demonstration that adenosine inhibits cell proliferation, increases             GRP78 and NF-kappaB p65 expression and induces apoptosis by CHOP and caspase-4 pathways.	Adenosine	49-58	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	130-133
20166886-8	2010	Inhibitors of the P1 adenosine receptors also reduced the anti-oxidative effect of S100A8/A9 providing further support for the involvement of adenosine metabolites in S100A8/ A9 anti-oxidative effect.	Adenosine	21-30	S100 calcium binding protein A8	Homo sapiens	167-173
22885375-1	2012	Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR1 and ADAR2) are human RNA-editing adenosine deaminases responsible for the conversion of adenosine to inosine at specific locations in cellular RNAs.	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	46-51
19920844-3	2010	Consequently, we tested the hypothesis that adenosine is involved in vasodilatation during hypotension within the autoregulatory range (&gt;50 mm Hg) by exposing adenosine 2a receptor (A2aR) knockout and wild type (WT) mice to short (2 to 5 mins) periods of hypotension.	Adenosine	44-53	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	185-189
19920844-7	2010	Treatment with dipyridamole (1.0 mg/kg) that increases extracellular concentrations of adenosine improved autoregulation in the A2aR knockout mice.	Adenosine	87-96	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	128-132
18316082-7	2008	RESULTS: In ileum strips, the generation of cAMP-derived adenosine monophosphate, adenosine, and inosine was time and concentration dependent and was blocked by phosphodiesterase or CD73 inhibitors in a manner consistent with exogenous cAMP being processed through the extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	57-66	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	182-186
18316082-7	2008	RESULTS: In ileum strips, the generation of cAMP-derived adenosine monophosphate, adenosine, and inosine was time and concentration dependent and was blocked by phosphodiesterase or CD73 inhibitors in a manner consistent with exogenous cAMP being processed through the extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	82-91	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	182-186
18316082-12	2008	CONCLUSIONS: A functioning extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway featuring CD73 expression is present in rat ileum and affects intestinal motility.	Adenosine	46-55	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	74-78
18223197-1	2008	Kidneys metabolize arterial cAMP to adenosine by the sequential actions of ectophosphodiesterase (cAMP --&gt; AMP) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (AMP --&gt; adenosine).	Adenosine	36-45	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	119-139
22874421-1	2012	Adenosine, acting on A(1)-receptors (A(1)-AR) in the nephron, increases sodium reabsorption, and also increases renal vascular resistance (RVR), via A(1)-ARs in the afferent arteriole.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	37-44
18223197-1	2008	Kidneys metabolize arterial cAMP to adenosine by the sequential actions of ectophosphodiesterase (cAMP --&gt; AMP) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (AMP --&gt; adenosine).	Adenosine	152-161	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	119-139
20147632-8	2010	The loss of CD28 expression was accelerated, in part due to adenosine-induced increases in constitutive caspase-3, known to act on the CD28 promoter.	Adenosine	60-69	CD28 molecule	Homo sapiens	12-16
20147632-8	2010	The loss of CD28 expression was accelerated, in part due to adenosine-induced increases in constitutive caspase-3, known to act on the CD28 promoter.	Adenosine	60-69	CD28 molecule	Homo sapiens	135-139
19858205-4	2010	Human CD4(+)CD25(high)FOXP3(+) Treg overexpress CD39 and CD73, ectonucleotidases sequentially converting ATP into AMP and adenosine, which then binds to A(2a) receptors on effector T cells, suppressing their functions.	Adenosine	122-131	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	12-16
19858205-4	2010	Human CD4(+)CD25(high)FOXP3(+) Treg overexpress CD39 and CD73, ectonucleotidases sequentially converting ATP into AMP and adenosine, which then binds to A(2a) receptors on effector T cells, suppressing their functions.	Adenosine	122-131	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	57-61
19858205-5	2010	CD4(+)CD39(+) and CD4(+)CD25(high) T cells express low levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA), the enzyme responsible for adenosine breakdown, and of CD26, a surface-bound glycoprotein associated with ADA.	Adenosine	65-74	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	24-28
18311159-3	2008	Adenosine is both released by hypoxic cells/tissues and is also generated from extracellular nucleotides by ecto-enzymes e.g. CD39 (ENTPD1) and CD73 that are expressed by the vasculature and immune cells, in particular by T regulatory cell.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	144-148
22772752-5	2012	Inducible enzymes such as CD73 and CD39 regulate adenosine formation and degradation in vivo.	Adenosine	49-58	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	26-30
22586226-6	2012	Glutamatergic inputs to both D1 and D2 receptor-bearing medium spiny neurons are inhibited by adenosine, released upon activation of NMDA and AMPA receptors and adenylyl cyclase in D1 receptor-expressing cells.	Adenosine	94-103	dopamine receptor D1	Mus musculus	29-47
22586226-6	2012	Glutamatergic inputs to both D1 and D2 receptor-bearing medium spiny neurons are inhibited by adenosine, released upon activation of NMDA and AMPA receptors and adenylyl cyclase in D1 receptor-expressing cells.	Adenosine	94-103	dopamine receptor D1	Mus musculus	181-192
20044808-4	2010	Here we demonstrate that adenosine does not induce MSC chemotaxis but dramatically inhibits MSC chemotaxis in response to the chemoattractant hepatocyte growth factor (HGF).	Adenosine	25-34	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	142-166
22706302-3	2012	We found that augmentation of adenosine by pharmacologic inhibition of adenosine kinase (ADK), the key enzyme of adenosine clearance, exerted antipsychotic-like activity in mice.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	71-87
20044808-4	2010	Here we demonstrate that adenosine does not induce MSC chemotaxis but dramatically inhibits MSC chemotaxis in response to the chemoattractant hepatocyte growth factor (HGF).	Adenosine	25-34	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	168-171
20044808-5	2010	Inhibition of HGF-induced chemotaxis by adenosine requires the A2a receptor and is mediated via up-regulation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP)/protein kinase A pathway.	Adenosine	40-49	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	14-17
20044808-7	2010	Because of the important role of Rac1 in the formation of actin stress fibers, we examined the effect of adenosine on stress fiber formation and found that adenosine inhibits HGF-induced stress fiber formation.	Adenosine	105-114	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	175-178
20044808-7	2010	Because of the important role of Rac1 in the formation of actin stress fibers, we examined the effect of adenosine on stress fiber formation and found that adenosine inhibits HGF-induced stress fiber formation.	Adenosine	156-165	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	175-178
22706302-3	2012	We found that augmentation of adenosine by pharmacologic inhibition of adenosine kinase (ADK), the key enzyme of adenosine clearance, exerted antipsychotic-like activity in mice.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	89-92
22706302-3	2012	We found that augmentation of adenosine by pharmacologic inhibition of adenosine kinase (ADK), the key enzyme of adenosine clearance, exerted antipsychotic-like activity in mice.	Adenosine	71-80	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	89-92
22706302-7	2012	This functional double dissociation between striatal and hippocampal adenosine demonstrated in Adk transgenic mice highlights the independent contributions of these two interconnected brain regions in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and thus provides the rationale for developing local adenosine augmentation therapies for the treatment of schizophrenia.	Adenosine	69-78	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	95-98
20133752-0	2010	Agmatidine, a modified cytidine in the anticodon of archaeal tRNA(Ile), base pairs with adenosine but not with guanosine.	Adenosine	88-97	SULC_RS05775	Saccharolobus solfataricus	61-70
22484620-0	2012	Adenosine-mediated inhibition of 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase during reperfusion enhances recovery of left ventricular mechanical function.	Adenosine	0-9	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	69-72
19720619-3	2010	An established model of adenosine-mediated lung injury is the adenosine deaminase-deficient (Ada(-/-)) mouse.	Adenosine	24-33	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	62-101
22408181-7	2012	For the miR-430 family, the addition of adenosine and uracil residues is developmentally regulated and may play a role in miRNA stability during the maternal zygotic transition.	Adenosine	40-49	myosin regulatory light chain interacting protein a	Danio rerio	8-11
19765701-3	2010	The main finding was that in men involved in total fertilization failure, a heterozygous adenosine/guanine (A/G) base combination in position 1389 (rs2069990) (exon 6) in the protein C inhibitor gene was significantly more common compared with controls (10.9% vs. 0).	Adenosine	89-98	serpin family A member 5	Homo sapiens	175-194
20411059-5	2010	Molecular analysis revealed a mutation in the exon 21 of the SLC12A3 gene which encodes the thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride co-transporter expressed in the distal convoluted tubule (a guanine to adenosine substitution at nucleotide 2538).	Adenosine	198-207	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	61-68
19917691-5	2009	The mechanism of suppression by CD39(+) Treg cells appears to require cell contact and can be duplicated by adenosine, which is produced from ATP by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	108-117	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	180-184
19635551-8	2009	These results indicate an abnormal adenosine and dopamine receptor expression in HPRT-deficient cells and suggest disrupted adenosine and dopamine neurotransmission may have a significant role in the pathogenesis of the neurological manifestations of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.	Adenosine	35-44	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	81-85
19822647-3	2009	We show that the adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-reactive purinergic (P2Y12) receptor is required for LTE4-mediated pulmonary inflammation.	Adenosine	17-26	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	66-71
19707555-10	2009	CONCLUSIONS: The present studies combine pharmacological and genetic in vivo evidence for a selective role of the A1AR in slowing the heart rate during adenosine bolus injection.	Adenosine	152-161	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	114-118
19596849-5	2009	A search for the upstream origins of these effects showed that adenosine suppressed RhoA activity but only modestly affected Rac and Cdc42.	Adenosine	63-72	cell division cycle 42	Rattus norvegicus	133-138
19359665-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: Statins may increase extracellular adenosine formation from adenosine monophosphate by enhancing ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity.	Adenosine	46-55	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	108-128
19246513-5	2009	Max-like protein X and MondoA are transcription factors previously shown to stimulate glucose-dependent Txnip expression and are shown here to convey stimulatory signals from extracellular adenosine-containing molecules to the Txnip promoter.	Adenosine	189-198	MLX interacting protein	Homo sapiens	23-29
19509554-1	2009	ARLTS1 has been identified in chromosome 13q14 as a tumor suppressor gene of the adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation factor family with pro-apoptotic characteristics.	Adenosine	81-90	ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 11	Homo sapiens	0-6
19013457-12	2009	The relation between A(2A)R and cellular iron status may be an important pathway by which adenosine may alter the function of the dopaminergic system.	Adenosine	90-99	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	21-27
17671792-2	2008	The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the role of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN, ecto-5-NT, CD73) generated extracellular adenosine in biologically malignant behaviors of human breast cancer cell lines.	Adenosine	128-137	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	61-81
17671792-2	2008	The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the role of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN, ecto-5-NT, CD73) generated extracellular adenosine in biologically malignant behaviors of human breast cancer cell lines.	Adenosine	128-137	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	83-85
17671792-2	2008	The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the role of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN, ecto-5-NT, CD73) generated extracellular adenosine in biologically malignant behaviors of human breast cancer cell lines.	Adenosine	128-137	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	98-102
17671792-10	2008	CONCLUSION: Taken together, our results indicated that CD73 may facilitate the adhesion, migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells through its enzyme activity of generating adenosine.	Adenosine	183-192	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	55-59
18249058-5	2008	This review focuses on the inhibitory neuromodulator and endogenous anticonvulsant adenosine, which is largely regulated by astrocytes and its key metabolic enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK).	Adenosine	83-92	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	164-180
18249058-5	2008	This review focuses on the inhibitory neuromodulator and endogenous anticonvulsant adenosine, which is largely regulated by astrocytes and its key metabolic enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK).	Adenosine	83-92	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	182-185
23700520-3	2012	This commentary further explores possible pathophysiological mechanisms with emphasis on the roles of the adipokines resistin, retinol-binding protein 4, adiponectin and the function of the gastric hormone ghrelin in adenosine mediated central regulation of energy balance.	Adenosine	217-226	ghrelin	Mus musculus	206-213
18322364-7	2008	RESULT: Stimulation of A1 adenosine receptors (A1AR) by adenosine (10 microM) or cyclohexyladenosine (1 microM) increased the spiking frequency of JGC, slightly depolarised the cells and, in &lt; or =50% of the cases, increased [Ca2+]i.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	47-51
22423036-4	2012	The receptors that transduce adenosine action are the A1, A2a, A2b, and A3 adenosine receptors (A1AR, A2aAR, A2bAR, and A3AR).	Adenosine	29-38	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	96-100
18188767-1	2008	The deamination rate of 2",3"-isopropylidene adenosine catalyzed by adenosine deaminase (ADA) from calf intestine and adenylate deaminase (AMPDA) from Aspergillus species has been evaluated and compared with that of the enzymatic reactions of adenosine, to elucidate the influence of the protecting group on enzyme activity.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine deaminase	Bos taurus	68-87
18188767-1	2008	The deamination rate of 2",3"-isopropylidene adenosine catalyzed by adenosine deaminase (ADA) from calf intestine and adenylate deaminase (AMPDA) from Aspergillus species has been evaluated and compared with that of the enzymatic reactions of adenosine, to elucidate the influence of the protecting group on enzyme activity.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine deaminase	Bos taurus	89-92
22423036-4	2012	The receptors that transduce adenosine action are the A1, A2a, A2b, and A3 adenosine receptors (A1AR, A2aAR, A2bAR, and A3AR).	Adenosine	29-38	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	102-107
22423036-8	2012	Studies of mice selectively lacking A1AR in the heart identify the heart as a key site of adenosine"s embryo-protective effects.	Adenosine	90-99	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	36-40
22406269-2	2012	Here, we showed that in vitro Th17 cells generated with the cytokines IL-6 and TGF-beta expressed CD39 and CD73 ectonucleotidases, leading to adenosine release and the subsequent suppression of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell effector functions.	Adenosine	142-151	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	107-111
21656837-7	2012	Adenosine induced arrest in the cell-cycle progression in G0/G1 phase through Cdk4/cyclinD1-mediated pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	cyclin dependent kinase 4	Homo sapiens	78-82
21656837-7	2012	Adenosine induced arrest in the cell-cycle progression in G0/G1 phase through Cdk4/cyclinD1-mediated pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	83-91
22146892-3	2012	These Treg express CD39 and up-regulate CD73 ectonucleotidases, hydrolyze exogenous adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to AMP and adenosine and produce prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)).	Adenosine	84-93	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	40-44
22146892-5	2012	Pharmacologic inhibitors can be used to eliminate adenosine/PGE(2) production by Tr1 as well as the tumor or to block binding of these factors to their receptors on Teff or to selectively block cAMP synthesis in Teff.	Adenosine	50-59	taste 1 receptor member 1	Homo sapiens	81-84
21939670-0	2012	The adenosine derivative 2",3",5"-tri-O-acetyl-N6-(3-hydroxylaniline) adenosine activates AMPK and regulates lipid metabolism in vitro and in vivo.	Adenosine	4-13	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	90-94
21939670-1	2012	AIMS: Our overall objective was to investigate the effect of the adenosine derivative 2",3",5"-tri-O-acetyl-N6-(3-hydroxylaniline) adenosine (WS010117) on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and lipid metabolism and to also assess the underlying mechanisms involved in these processes.	Adenosine	65-74	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	155-183
21939670-1	2012	AIMS: Our overall objective was to investigate the effect of the adenosine derivative 2",3",5"-tri-O-acetyl-N6-(3-hydroxylaniline) adenosine (WS010117) on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and lipid metabolism and to also assess the underlying mechanisms involved in these processes.	Adenosine	65-74	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	185-189
23162807-1	2012	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN, CD73) mediates extracellular adenosine production from 5"-AMP.	Adenosine	55-64	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	22-24
23162807-1	2012	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN, CD73) mediates extracellular adenosine production from 5"-AMP.	Adenosine	55-64	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	26-30
22834800-7	2012	In this context, the present work will deliver the most important findings regarding neuronal CgA and its cross-talking ability with major inhibitory (GABA/adenosine) and/or excitatory (glutamate) neuroreceptor systems in relation to hypertensive/hypotensive states of both animal models.	Adenosine	156-165	chromogranin A	Rattus norvegicus	94-97
21956774-3	2012	The adenosine             analog, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) is an AMPK             activator used in many studies to assess the effects of AMPK activation on cellular             metabolism and function.	Adenosine	4-13	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	90-95
21956774-3	2012	The adenosine             analog, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) is an AMPK             activator used in many studies to assess the effects of AMPK activation on cellular             metabolism and function.	Adenosine	4-13	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	103-107
21956774-3	2012	The adenosine             analog, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) is an AMPK             activator used in many studies to assess the effects of AMPK activation on cellular             metabolism and function.	Adenosine	4-13	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	176-180
23125525-0	2012	CD73-generated adenosine: orchestrating the tumor-stroma interplay to promote cancer growth.	Adenosine	15-24	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
23125525-4	2012	One such immunosuppressive pathway is the production of extracellular adenosine by CD73, an ectonucleotidase overexpressed in various types of cancer.	Adenosine	70-79	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	83-87
23133312-5	2012	The conversion of ATP into adenosine is mediated by ectonucleotidase molecules, namely, CD73 and CD39.	Adenosine	27-36	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	88-92
21266914-3	2012	In vascular smooth muscle cells, 95% of adenosine transport is mediated by ENT-1 and the rest by ENT-2.	Adenosine	40-49	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	75-80
21266914-4	2012	In endothelial cells, 60%, 10%, and 30% of adenosine transport are mediated by ENT-1, ENT-2, and CNT-2, respectively.	Adenosine	43-52	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	79-84
21873810-9	2012	In contrast, adenosine and ATP potentiated LPS-induced IL-10 production in DH82 cells.	Adenosine	13-22	interleukin 10	Canis lupus familiaris	55-60
21624380-6	2012	This review summarizes the signaling pathways of FAK in prevention of apoptosis and the role of FAK in mediating adenosine and homocysteine-induced endothelial cell apoptosis and in cardiovascular diseases.	Adenosine	113-122	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	96-99
22720214-1	2012	Our recent data and that of others demonstrate that both tumor and host CD73-generated adenosine promote tumor growth and metastasis in a multifactorial manner.	Adenosine	87-96	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	72-76
22039302-8	2011	We propose that generation of adenosine by CD73 expressed at high levels on granulocytic MDSCs may promote their expansion and facilitate their immunosuppressive activity.	Adenosine	30-39	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	43-47
21593451-6	2011	Treatment of stimulated CD4(+) T-cells with adenosine (25 muM) potently reduced IFN-gamma release which is mediated by adenosine A2a receptors (A2aR).	Adenosine	44-53	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	144-148
20732359-5	2011	HIF-1 is also required for ischemic preconditioning and this effect may be due in part to its induction of CD73, the enzyme that produces adenosine.	Adenosine	138-147	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	107-111
21453390-0	2011	Neuronal ENT1 takes up synaptic adenosine even under hypoxia/ischemia.	Adenosine	32-41	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	9-13
21750674-3	2011	Here, we show that HIV-1 positive patients have a significant increase of Treg-associated expression of CD39/ENTPD1, an ectoenzyme which in concert with CD73 generates adenosine.	Adenosine	168-177	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	153-157
21546330-3	2011	Extracellular adenosine levels are a net result of its production (mediated by CD39 and CD73), and of its conversion into inosine by Adenosine Deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	14-23	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	88-92
21548961-7	2011	We also showed that the RNA sequences adjacent to the GC dinucleotides play an important role in MBNL1 binding with the following preference: uridines &gt;cytidines &gt;adenosines &gt;guanosines.	Adenosine	169-179	muscleblind like splicing regulator 1	Homo sapiens	97-102
21315806-2	2011	There is evidence that long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) might contribute to the neural basis for learning and memory mechanism and might be modulated by ATP and/or its dephosphorylated product adenosine produced by a cascade of cell-surface transmembrane enzymes, such as E-NTPDases (ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	220-229	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	365-385
21106949-0	2011	Adenosine derived from ADP can contribute to inhibition of platelet aggregation in the presence of a P2Y12 antagonist.	Adenosine	0-9	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	101-106
21106949-7	2011	CONCLUSIONS: ADP inhibits platelet aggregation in the presence of a P2Y12 antagonist through conversion to adenosine.	Adenosine	107-116	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	68-73
21283641-2	2011	In cultured cell and animal studies, type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1, slc29a1), which regulates adenosine levels, is known to regulate ethanol sensitivity and preference.	Adenosine	114-123	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	82-86
21283641-2	2011	In cultured cell and animal studies, type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1, slc29a1), which regulates adenosine levels, is known to regulate ethanol sensitivity and preference.	Adenosine	114-123	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	88-95
21283641-4	2011	PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Our functional analysis showed that prolonged ethanol exposure increased adenosine uptake activity of mutant cells (ENT1-216Thr) compared to wild-type (ENT1-216Ile) transfected cells, which might result in reduced extracellular adenosine levels.	Adenosine	93-102	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	136-140
21283641-4	2011	PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Our functional analysis showed that prolonged ethanol exposure increased adenosine uptake activity of mutant cells (ENT1-216Thr) compared to wild-type (ENT1-216Ile) transfected cells, which might result in reduced extracellular adenosine levels.	Adenosine	248-257	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	136-140
22087822-8	2011	Blocking of adenosine/PGE2 production by Tr1 or blocking binding of these factors to their receptors on T cells or inhibition of cAMP synthesis in Teff all represent novel therapeutic strategies that used in combination with conventional therapies could restore anti-tumor functions of Teff .	Adenosine	12-21	taste 1 receptor member 1	Homo sapiens	41-44
21869566-1	2011	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E), a predominant enzyme that produces extracellular adenosine from AMP, plays an important role in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes.	Adenosine	78-87	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-20
21869566-1	2011	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E), a predominant enzyme that produces extracellular adenosine from AMP, plays an important role in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes.	Adenosine	78-87	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	22-26
22235655-6	2011	This degradation terminates the nucleotide signaling process and also produces other signaling molecules like ADP, and with 5"-nucleotidase, adenosine.	Adenosine	141-150	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	124-139
20640495-2	2010	This effect is dependent on increased generation of adenosine by ecto-5" nucleotidase and downstream activation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2).	Adenosine	52-61	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	65-85
20640495-2	2010	This effect is dependent on increased generation of adenosine by ecto-5" nucleotidase and downstream activation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2).	Adenosine	52-61	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	115-131
20640495-2	2010	This effect is dependent on increased generation of adenosine by ecto-5" nucleotidase and downstream activation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2).	Adenosine	52-61	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	133-137
20940317-0	2010	Increased extracellular adenosine in Drosophila that are deficient in adenosine deaminase activates a release of energy stores leading to wasting and death.	Adenosine	24-33	Adenosine deaminase	Drosophila melanogaster	70-89
20940317-2	2010	Adenosine dysregulation can cause various pathologies, exemplified by a deficiency in adenosine deaminase in severe combined immunodeficiency.	Adenosine	0-9	Adenosine deaminase	Drosophila melanogaster	86-105
20823761-3	2010	Our main aim was to determine whether adenosine production from lymphocytes after 4-chloro-m-cresol (4CmC) stimulation distinguishes homozygous swine carrying the Arg615Cys mutation in the ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1) gene (MHS swine) from normal swine.	Adenosine	38-47	ryanodine receptor 1	Sus scrofa	189-214
20823761-3	2010	Our main aim was to determine whether adenosine production from lymphocytes after 4-chloro-m-cresol (4CmC) stimulation distinguishes homozygous swine carrying the Arg615Cys mutation in the ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1) gene (MHS swine) from normal swine.	Adenosine	38-47	ryanodine receptor 1	Sus scrofa	216-220
20823761-11	2010	CONCLUSION: 4CmC stimulation of porcine lymphocytes induces increased adenosine formation in MHS cells relative to those from normal swine; evaluation of adenosine formation in response to RyR1 agonists in human lymphocytes is needed.	Adenosine	154-163	ryanodine receptor 1	Sus scrofa	189-193
20728214-1	2010	Extracellular adenosine removal is via human equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 (hENT1) and 2 (hENT2) in the endothelium, thus regulating adenosine-induced revascularization and angiogenesis.	Adenosine	14-23	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	86-91
20728214-1	2010	Extracellular adenosine removal is via human equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 (hENT1) and 2 (hENT2) in the endothelium, thus regulating adenosine-induced revascularization and angiogenesis.	Adenosine	143-152	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	86-91
20728214-8	2010	hEPC-3d cells exhibit hENT1-like adenosine transport (NBTI-sensitive, Na(+)-independent), which is absent in hEPC-14d cells.	Adenosine	33-42	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	22-27
20661219-3	2010	The conversion of extracellular ATP to adenosine, in contrast, essentially through the enzymatic activity of the ecto-nucleotidases CD39 and CD73, acts as a negative-feedback mechanism to prevent excessive immune responses.	Adenosine	39-48	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	141-145
20826656-1	2010	GluR2 is a subunit of the AMPA receptor, and the adenosine for the Q/R site of its pre-mRNA is converted to inosine (A-to-I conversion) by the enzyme called adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 (ADAR2).	Adenosine	49-58	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA2 (alpha 2)	Mus musculus	0-5
20558731-11	2010	Tr1 induced by COX-2(+) tumor were more suppressive, hydrolyzed more exogenous ATP (p &lt; 0.05), and produced higher levels of adenosine and PGE(2) (p &lt; 0.05) than Tr1 induced by COX-2(-) tumor.	Adenosine	128-137	taste 1 receptor member 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
20688264-7	2010	RESULTS: Adk(-/-) cells secreted significantly more adenosine compared to wild-type cells at any time point of differentiation.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	9-12
20688264-8	2010	Undifferentiated Adk(-/-) cells secreted 137+/-5 ng adenosine per 10(5) cells during 24 h in culture, compared to 11+/-1 ng released from corresponding wild-type cells.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	17-20
20688264-9	2010	Adenosine release was maintained after differentiation as differentiated Adk(-/-) cells continued to release significantly more adenosine per 24 h (47+/-1 ng per 10(5) cells) compared to wild-type cells (3+/-0.2 ng per 10(5) cells).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	73-76
20688264-10	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Fetal neural progenitor cells isolated from Adk(-/-) mice--but not those from C57BL/6 mice--release amounts of adenosine considered to be of therapeutic relevance.	Adenosine	124-133	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	57-60
20655932-9	2010	SIGNIFICANCE: The general increase in ATP hydrolysis and in ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity suggests a rise in renal adenosine levels and in renal autoregulatory responses in order to protect the kidney against the threat presented by hypertension.	Adenosine	115-124	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	60-80
20651843-12	2010	We also found that the apoptotic process triggered by adenosine was involved in G0-G1 cell-cycle arrest, enhanced the activity of caspase-3, upregulated p53 and NF-kappaB p65 expression, and downregulated Bcl-2 expression.	Adenosine	54-63	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	171-174
20063052-2	2010	Adenosine downregulated the expression of mRNAs and proteins for Bcl-X(L) and inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (IAP2) to directly inhibit caspase-3, -7, and -9, but it otherwise upregulated the expression of mRNA and protein for DIABLO, an inhibitor of IAPs.	Adenosine	0-9	baculoviral IAP repeat containing 2	Homo sapiens	78-110
20063052-2	2010	Adenosine downregulated the expression of mRNAs and proteins for Bcl-X(L) and inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (IAP2) to directly inhibit caspase-3, -7, and -9, but it otherwise upregulated the expression of mRNA and protein for DIABLO, an inhibitor of IAPs.	Adenosine	0-9	baculoviral IAP repeat containing 2	Homo sapiens	112-116
20063052-6	2010	Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that intracellularly transported adenosine activates caspase-3 by neutralizing caspase-3 inhibition due to IAP as a result of decreased IAP2 expression and reduced IAP activity in response to increased DIABLO expression and perhaps DIABLO release from damaged mitochondria, in addition to caspase-8 activation.	Adenosine	91-100	baculoviral IAP repeat containing 2	Homo sapiens	194-198
20063052-6	2010	Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that intracellularly transported adenosine activates caspase-3 by neutralizing caspase-3 inhibition due to IAP as a result of decreased IAP2 expression and reduced IAP activity in response to increased DIABLO expression and perhaps DIABLO release from damaged mitochondria, in addition to caspase-8 activation.	Adenosine	91-100	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	347-356
20359849-1	2010	NTPDase (EC 3.6.1.5) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes extracellular nucleoside tri-and/ or diphosphates to form ATP, which can serve as a substrate for ecto-5"- nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5), releasing adenosine, an inhibitor of platelet aggregation and an immunosuppressant agent.	Adenosine	194-203	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	148-169
20490579-2	2010	There are several neurotransmitters and neuromodulatory substances within the NTS, such as adenosine, which acts on purinoreceptors A(2a) (A(2a)R).	Adenosine	91-100	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	139-145
19900759-2	2010	In the gene expression assay using a DNA microalley, adenosine upregulated mRNAs for tumor necrosis factor (TNF), TNF receptor 1-associated death domain protein (TRADD), TNF related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2), TRADD/receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), and caspase-9, involving activation of caspase-8 and -9 followed by the effector caspase-3.	Adenosine	53-62	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	367-383
19900759-3	2010	The results of the present study suggest that adenosine induces HepG2 cell apoptosis by activating those caspases as a result from tuning apoptosis-mediator gene transcription.	Adenosine	46-55	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	105-113
20418302-7	2010	There was a linear relationship between the log-transformed dose of adenosine and the duration of a SBP(&lt;60 mm Hg) (R(2) = 0.38).	Adenosine	68-77	selenium binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	100-103
20146483-1	2010	ecto-5"-Nucleotidase (eN, CD73) plays a major role in controlling extracellular adenosine levels.	Adenosine	80-89	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	0-20
20146483-1	2010	ecto-5"-Nucleotidase (eN, CD73) plays a major role in controlling extracellular adenosine levels.	Adenosine	80-89	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	22-24
20146483-1	2010	ecto-5"-Nucleotidase (eN, CD73) plays a major role in controlling extracellular adenosine levels.	Adenosine	80-89	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
20091887-3	2010	Therefore, I investigated the distribution of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (5"-NT), the key enzyme for the production of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	127-136	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	46-66
19861313-2	2010	Adenosine is rapidly degraded by adenosine deaminase (ADA) or phosphorylated in the cell by adenosine kinase (AK).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	33-52
19861313-3	2010	From four known receptors to adenosine, A(1) (A(1)R) promotes inflammation by a G(i)-coupled receptor.	Adenosine	29-38	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	46-51
19859827-0	2010	Adenosine regulates thrombomodulin and endothelial protein C receptor expression in folliculostellate cells of the pituitary gland.	Adenosine	0-9	protein C receptor	Homo sapiens	39-69
19961845-6	2010	Coadministration of adenosine, inosine and mizoribine, but not thymidine and gemcitabine, significantly suppressed the intestinal absorption of ribavirin, indicating that ribavirin absorption is mediated by CNT2 in rats.	Adenosine	20-29	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	207-211
20169073-4	2010	Changes include an up-regulation of CD73, the major enzyme of adenosine production and down-regulation of adenosine deaminase (ADA), the major enzyme for adenosine metabolism.	Adenosine	62-71	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	36-40
20113503-9	2010	Hypoxanthine and adenine appeared to enter erythrocytes mainly through the hFNT1 nucleobase transporter whereas adenosine entered predominantly through the hENT1 nucleoside transporter.	Adenosine	112-121	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	156-161
19333785-6	2009	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase, which catalyses the conversion of AMP to adenosine, is found in apical membranes of rat proximal convoluted tubule and intercalated cells of the distal nephron, as well as in the peritubular space.	Adenosine	63-72	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	0-20
19805087-1	2009	Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is an RNA-editing enzyme that converts adenosine to inosine, following RNA transcription.	Adenosine	83-92	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	0-35
19805087-1	2009	Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is an RNA-editing enzyme that converts adenosine to inosine, following RNA transcription.	Adenosine	83-92	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	37-42
19825957-3	2009	The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 are expressed in Treg and convert ATP into immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	97-106	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	31-35
19638569-8	2009	Adenosine effects on cell proliferation could be mediated by an early increase in E2F-1 and by that of c-Myc, despite the fact that phosphorylation of the Rb protein and expression of E2F-3 were decreased.	Adenosine	0-9	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Rattus norvegicus	103-108
19638569-10	2009	In conclusion, these data suggest that adenosine actions can accelerate and increase proliferation in a "primed" liver, mainly through enhancing c-Myc, E2F family, cell-cycle cyclins, and HGF expression.	Adenosine	39-48	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Rattus norvegicus	145-150
19682463-2	2009	The present study examines if adenosine via A(1) receptors (A(1)R) interferes with pulsatile islet hormone release.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	44-65
19707555-3	2009	While adenosine can signal through any of four ARs (A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR, A3AR), previous ex vivo studies implicated the A1AR in the heart-rate slowing effects.	Adenosine	6-15	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	52-56
19707555-3	2009	While adenosine can signal through any of four ARs (A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR, A3AR), previous ex vivo studies implicated the A1AR in the heart-rate slowing effects.	Adenosine	6-15	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	58-63
19707555-7	2009	These studies demonstrated dose-dependent slowing of the heart rate with adenosine treatment in wild-type, A2AAR(-/-), A2BAR(-/-), or A3AR(-/-) mice.	Adenosine	73-82	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	107-112
19707555-8	2009	In contrast, adenosine-dependent slowing of the heart-rate was completely abolished in A1AR(-/-) mice.	Adenosine	13-22	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	87-91
19707555-9	2009	Moreover, pre-treatment with a specific A1AR antagonist (DPCPX) attenuated the heart-rate slowing effects of adenosine in wild-type, A2AAR(-/-), or A2BAR(-/-) mice, but did not alter hemodynamic responses of A1AR(-/-) mice.	Adenosine	109-118	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	40-44
19667946-0	2009	Extracorporeal photophoresis augments function of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells by triggering adenosine production.	Adenosine	99-108	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	54-58
19667946-0	2009	Extracorporeal photophoresis augments function of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells by triggering adenosine production.	Adenosine	99-108	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	59-64
19494329-2	2009	Adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient mice develop progressive airway inflammation and remodeling in association with adenosine elevations, suggesting that adenosine can promote features of chronic lung disease.	Adenosine	116-125	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-19
19494329-2	2009	Adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient mice develop progressive airway inflammation and remodeling in association with adenosine elevations, suggesting that adenosine can promote features of chronic lung disease.	Adenosine	116-125	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	21-24
19494329-2	2009	Adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient mice develop progressive airway inflammation and remodeling in association with adenosine elevations, suggesting that adenosine can promote features of chronic lung disease.	Adenosine	154-163	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-19
19494329-2	2009	Adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient mice develop progressive airway inflammation and remodeling in association with adenosine elevations, suggesting that adenosine can promote features of chronic lung disease.	Adenosine	154-163	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	21-24
19193655-9	2009	TGF-beta1 reduced hENT1-mediated adenosine transport, hENT1 protein abundance, hENT1 mRNA expression, and SLC29A1 gene promoter activity, but increased Sp1 binding to DNA.	Adenosine	33-42	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	18-23
19223125-7	2009	D-ribose could potentially aid in maintaining or potentially lowering extra-cellular adenosine concentrations, aid in the flux of intracellular calcium, aid in intracellular energy production, and potentially lessen the perceived "crash" state felt by many.	Adenosine	85-94	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	27-30
18703794-4	2009	Tissue-derived adenosine, released during inflammation, inhibits inflammation via the anti-inflammatory A2 adenosine receptor (A2aR).	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	104-125
18703794-4	2009	Tissue-derived adenosine, released during inflammation, inhibits inflammation via the anti-inflammatory A2 adenosine receptor (A2aR).	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	127-131
18703794-5	2009	We demonstrate that adenosine modulates HA-induced gene expression via the A2aR.	Adenosine	20-29	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	75-79
18703794-8	2009	In addition, A2aR-null mice are more susceptible to bleomycin-induced lung injury, consistent with a role for endogenous adenosine in inhibiting the inflammation that may lead to fibrosis.	Adenosine	121-130	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	13-17
19234224-0	2009	Nonresolving inflammation in gp91phox-/- mice, a model of human chronic granulomatous disease, has lower adenosine and cyclic adenosine 5"-monophosphate.	Adenosine	105-114	cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide	Mus musculus	29-37
19154428-12	2009	Hydrolysis of ATP directly into AMP by ecto-ATPDase and subsequent formation of adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase reduced [(3)H]ACh release via inhibitory adenosine A(1) receptors.	Adenosine	80-89	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	93-113
18987286-13	2009	In conclusion, NOX2 plays an important role in the control of afferent arteriole tone and is involved in the contractile responses to ANG II and/or adenosine.	Adenosine	148-157	cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide	Mus musculus	15-19
19729987-1	2009	AIMS: Extracellular ATP may be metabolized to AMP and adenosine by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 and, in this study, we characterized the pathways for adenosine formation in human urinary tract epithelial cells.	Adenosine	54-63	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	98-102
19729987-1	2009	AIMS: Extracellular ATP may be metabolized to AMP and adenosine by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 and, in this study, we characterized the pathways for adenosine formation in human urinary tract epithelial cells.	Adenosine	157-166	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	98-102
19729987-5	2009	Adenosine was produced when the cells were exposed to 5"-AMP (substrate for CD73), but not when exposed to 5"-ATP (substrate for CD39).	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	76-80
19729987-6	2009	A pronounced inhibition of 5"-AMP-induced adenosine formation by the CD73 inhibitor AMP-CP confirmed the involvement of CD73.	Adenosine	42-51	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	69-73
19017978-7	2008	Relative to control cells, HMC-1 cells stably expressing RGS13-targeted short hairpin RNA had greater Ca(2+) mobilization in response to several natural GPCR ligands such as adenosine, C5a, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and CXCL12 than wild-type cells.	Adenosine	174-183	regulator of G protein signaling 13	Homo sapiens	57-62
18789919-3	2008	Removal of endogenous adenosine with adenosine deaminase caused lipolysis in A1R (+/+), but not A1R (-/-) adipocytes.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	77-80
18789919-4	2008	The adenosine analogue, 2-chloroadenosine, inhibited noradrenaline-stimulated lipolysis and cAMP accumulation in A1R (+/+), but not in A1R (-/-) adipocytes.	Adenosine	4-13	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	113-116
18789919-6	2008	Plasma levels of free fatty acids, glycerol and triglycerides were significantly lower in A1R (+/+) than in A1R (-/-) mice after administration of an adenosine analogue.	Adenosine	150-159	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	90-93
18789919-6	2008	Plasma levels of free fatty acids, glycerol and triglycerides were significantly lower in A1R (+/+) than in A1R (-/-) mice after administration of an adenosine analogue.	Adenosine	150-159	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	108-111
18327580-5	2008	Using agonists and antagonists specific for PGE2 and adenosine receptors we found that cooperation of PGE2 and adenosine in their inhibitory effects are mediated via EP2 and A2A receptors, respectively.	Adenosine	53-62	prostaglandin E receptor 2	Homo sapiens	166-169
18545261-8	2008	We conclude that adenosine via A2aR is responsible for a significant proportion of the hyperemia during hypoxia.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	31-35
18606162-4	2008	Adenosine also blocked the IFN-gamma+IL-1beta-triggered expression of mRNA for the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha, while it significantly enhanced the accumulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA in glioma cells.	Adenosine	0-9	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	171-187
18606162-4	2008	Adenosine also blocked the IFN-gamma+IL-1beta-triggered expression of mRNA for the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha, while it significantly enhanced the accumulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA in glioma cells.	Adenosine	0-9	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	189-194
18606162-7	2008	The levels of transcription factors IRF-1 and c-Fos, as well as the phosphorylation of c-Jun were also reduced in adenosine-treated C6 cells, while the activation of NF-kappaB was enhanced via increased phosphorylation of its inhibitory unit IkappaB.	Adenosine	114-123	interferon regulatory factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-41
18559975-6	2008	Unlike normal myeloid DCs, adenosine-differentiated DCs have impaired allostimulatory activity and express high levels of angiogenic, pro-inflammatory, immune suppressor, and tolerogenic factors, including VEGF, IL-8, IL-6, IL-10, COX-2, TGF-beta, and IDO.	Adenosine	27-36	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 15	Mus musculus	212-216
18559975-6	2008	Unlike normal myeloid DCs, adenosine-differentiated DCs have impaired allostimulatory activity and express high levels of angiogenic, pro-inflammatory, immune suppressor, and tolerogenic factors, including VEGF, IL-8, IL-6, IL-10, COX-2, TGF-beta, and IDO.	Adenosine	27-36	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	231-236
18586241-7	2008	These findings demonstrate for the first time a role of adenosine A(2A) receptors in regulating nNOS expression in the striatum.	Adenosine	56-65	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	96-100
18478552-3	2008	Expression of ecto-5" nucleotidase (e-N), the enzyme responsible for extracellular dephosphorylation of AMP to ADO, is more abundant in astrocytes than neurons.	Adenosine	111-114	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	14-34
18478552-3	2008	Expression of ecto-5" nucleotidase (e-N), the enzyme responsible for extracellular dephosphorylation of AMP to ADO, is more abundant in astrocytes than neurons.	Adenosine	111-114	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	36-39
18511695-2	2008	Extracellular adenosine mainly stems from enzymatic phosphohydrolysis of precursor nucleotides via ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	14-23	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	99-119
18064606-1	2008	High D-glucose reduces human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1)-mediated adenosine uptake involving endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinases 1 and 2/MAP kinases p42/44 (MEK/ERKs), and protein kinase C (PKC) activation in human umbilical vein endothelium (HUVEC).	Adenosine	85-94	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	29-67
18064606-1	2008	High D-glucose reduces human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1)-mediated adenosine uptake involving endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinases 1 and 2/MAP kinases p42/44 (MEK/ERKs), and protein kinase C (PKC) activation in human umbilical vein endothelium (HUVEC).	Adenosine	85-94	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	69-74
18407364-1	2008	A-to-I RNA editing modifies a variety of biologically important mRNAs, and is specifically catalyzed by either adenosine deaminase acting on RNA type 1 (ADAR1) or type 2 (ADAR2) in mammals including human.	Adenosine	111-120	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	171-176
19674507-1	2008	The astrocytic enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK) is a key negative regulator of the brain"s endogenous anticonvulsant adenosine.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	40-43
18276012-2	2008	RTA catalyzes the hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond of a specific adenosine in the GAGA tetraloop of stem-loop RNA.	Adenosine	68-77	RNA binding fox-1 homolog 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
18241230-2	2008	In the process of conducting family studies, we identified a 58-year-old healthy man with an amino acid substitution, Y418H, in the adenosine-5"-triphosphate binding site of Btk.	Adenosine	132-141	Bruton tyrosine kinase	Gallus gallus	174-177
18343902-1	2008	Adenosine deaminase (ADA, EC 3.5.4.4) catalyses the irreversible deamination of adenosine and 2"-deoxyadenosine to inosine and 2"-deoxyinosine, respectively.	Adenosine	80-89	adenosine deaminase	Bos taurus	0-19
18343902-1	2008	Adenosine deaminase (ADA, EC 3.5.4.4) catalyses the irreversible deamination of adenosine and 2"-deoxyadenosine to inosine and 2"-deoxyinosine, respectively.	Adenosine	80-89	adenosine deaminase	Bos taurus	21-24
18343902-5	2008	Some general conclusions are: i) the enzyme ADA from bovine spleen we have used is appropriate for kinetic studies of inhibition and mechanistic studies; it can be a reference catalytic system for the homogeneous comparison of various inhibitors; ii) this enzyme presents very rigid requirements for binding the substrate: variations in the structure of adenosine imply the loss of important interactions.	Adenosine	354-363	adenosine deaminase	Bos taurus	44-47
18227383-0	2008	Adenosine modulates cardiovascular functions through activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the nucleus tractus solitarii of rats.	Adenosine	0-9	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	67-113
18227383-10	2008	Western blot and immunohistochemistry studies demonstrated that adenosine induced extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 and endothelial NOS phosphorylation in the NTS.	Adenosine	64-73	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	82-128
18227383-13	2008	They also indicate that the cardiovascular modulatory effects of adenosine in the NTS are accomplished by activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 and then endothelial NOS.	Adenosine	65-74	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	153-199
18186616-6	2008	Conversion of cAMP to adenosine was blocked by rolipram and the 5"-nucleotidase inhibitor, AMPCP.	Adenosine	22-31	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	64-79
18032387-8	2008	These results show, for the first time, the involvement of CECR1s via the adenosine/P1 receptors in vertebrate embryogenesis via regulation of extracellular adenosine concentrations.	Adenosine	74-83	adenosine deaminase 2 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	59-64
18473799-5	2008	Indeed, mice lacking adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme which decomposes adenosine, develop asthma-like disorder with elevated IgE, eosinophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	42-45
17883419-5	2007	Adenosine ENT1 uptake was the predominant transporter in both PBL(C) (55%) and PBL(LN) (46%).	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	10-14
17716659-5	2007	Following lentiviral transduction of hMSCs with anti-ADK miRNA expression cassettes we demonstrate up to 80% downregulation of ADK and a concentration of 8.5 ng adenosine per ml of medium after incubating 10(5) cells for 8 h. hMSCs with a knockdown of ADK or cells expressing a scrambled control sequence were transplanted into hippocampi of mice 1 week prior to the intraamygdaloid injection of kainic acid (KA).	Adenosine	161-170	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	53-56
17727332-0	2007	Role of pulmonary adenosine during hypoxia: extracellular generation, signaling and metabolism by surface adenosine deaminase/CD26.	Adenosine	18-27	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	106-125
17727332-5	2007	Adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient mice, for example, develop signs of chronic pulmonary injury in association with highly elevated levels of adenosine.	Adenosine	143-152	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-19
17727332-5	2007	Adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient mice, for example, develop signs of chronic pulmonary injury in association with highly elevated levels of adenosine.	Adenosine	143-152	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	21-24
17727332-8	2007	In fact, hypoxia-inducible ADA is enzymatically active and tethered on the outside of the membrane via CD26 to form a complex capable of degrading extracellular adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	161-170	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	27-30
17577585-1	2007	In differentiating red blood cells (RBCs) of the chick embryo, the synthesis of carbonic anhydrase (CAII) and pyrimidine 5"-nucleotidase (P5N-I) is triggered by the hypoxic mediators norepinephrine and adenosine via receptor-mediated cAMP formation.	Adenosine	202-211	carbonic anhydrase 2	Gallus gallus	100-104
17567573-1	2007	ADAR2 is a double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase involved in the editing of mammalian RNAs by the site-specific conversion of adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	40-49	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	0-5
17496214-2	2007	This study tested the hypothesis that inhibition of p38 MAPK restores the cardioprotective effects of adenosine in stressed hearts by preventing activation of AMPK and the uncoupling of glycolysis from glucose oxidation.	Adenosine	102-111	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
17496214-7	2007	Treatment with SB-202190 + adenosine versus adenosine alone decreased p38 MAPK (0.03 +/- 0.01, n = 3 vs. 0.48 +/- 0.10, n = 3, P &lt; 0.05) and AMPK (0.00 +/- 0.00, n = 3 vs. 0.26 +/- 0.08, n = 3 P &lt; 0.05) phosphorylation.	Adenosine	27-36	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
17496214-7	2007	Treatment with SB-202190 + adenosine versus adenosine alone decreased p38 MAPK (0.03 +/- 0.01, n = 3 vs. 0.48 +/- 0.10, n = 3, P &lt; 0.05) and AMPK (0.00 +/- 0.00, n = 3 vs. 0.26 +/- 0.08, n = 3 P &lt; 0.05) phosphorylation.	Adenosine	44-53	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
17496214-9	2007	These data indicate that inhibition of p38 MAPK abolishes subsequent phosphorylation of AMPK and improves the coupling of glucose metabolism, thereby restoring adenosine-induced cardioprotection.	Adenosine	160-169	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
17453149-7	2007	Members of the E-NTPDase family and ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 can modulate extracellular ATP degradation and adenosine formation, both of which have been described as proliferation factors.	Adenosine	109-118	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	36-56
17453149-7	2007	Members of the E-NTPDase family and ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 can modulate extracellular ATP degradation and adenosine formation, both of which have been described as proliferation factors.	Adenosine	109-118	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	57-61
17416607-1	2007	Atorvastatin (ATV) limits infarct size (IS) by activating Akt and ecto-5-nucleotidase, which generates adenosine.	Adenosine	103-112	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	66-85
17886434-8	2007	In some cases, crosslinking with the S30 protein was observed, it was most efficient for the derivative containing a photoreactive group at the +7 adenosine residue.	Adenosine	147-156	FAU ubiquitin like and ribosomal protein S30 fusion	Homo sapiens	37-40
17474152-6	2007	We show that at concentrations that inhibit HLMC degranulation (10(-5)-10(-3) M), adenosine closes KCa3.1 both dose-dependently and reversibly.	Adenosine	82-91	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	99-105
17474152-7	2007	KCa3.1 suppression by adenosine was reversed partially by the selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist ZM241385 but not by the A2B receptor antagonist MRS1754, and the effects of adenosine were mimicked by the selective A2A receptor agonist CGS21680.	Adenosine	22-31	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
17474152-7	2007	KCa3.1 suppression by adenosine was reversed partially by the selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist ZM241385 but not by the A2B receptor antagonist MRS1754, and the effects of adenosine were mimicked by the selective A2A receptor agonist CGS21680.	Adenosine	72-81	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
17474152-9	2007	As predicted from the role of KCa3.1 in HLMC migration, adenosine abolished HLMC chemotaxis to asthmatic airway smooth muscle-conditioned medium.	Adenosine	56-65	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	30-36
17474152-10	2007	In summary, the Galphas-coupled adenosine A2A receptor closes KCa3.1, providing a clearly defined mechanism by which adenosine inhibits HLMC migration and degranulation.	Adenosine	32-41	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	62-68
18404437-3	2007	We suspected that ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73, an intestinal enzyme) was a critical enzyme involved in the conversion of AMP to adenosine and in the pathogenesis of EPEC diarrhea.	Adenosine	127-136	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	18-38
18404437-10	2007	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase appears to be the major enzyme responsible for generation of adenosine from adenine nucleotides in the T84 cell line, and inhibitors of ecto-5"-nucleotidase, such as alpha,beta-methylene-ADP and zinc, might be useful for treatment of the watery diarrhea produced by EPEC infection.	Adenosine	82-91	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-20
18404437-10	2007	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase appears to be the major enzyme responsible for generation of adenosine from adenine nucleotides in the T84 cell line, and inhibitors of ecto-5"-nucleotidase, such as alpha,beta-methylene-ADP and zinc, might be useful for treatment of the watery diarrhea produced by EPEC infection.	Adenosine	82-91	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	157-177
17303086-5	2007	Furthermore, overexpression of c-FLIP short in HuH-7 cells inhibited adenosine-induced caspase-8 activity.	Adenosine	69-78	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	87-96
17303086-6	2007	Taken together, these results suggest that intracellularly transported adenosine, perhaps converted AMP as the ensuing event, activates caspase-8 and the downstream effector caspase caspase-3 by neutralizing caspase-8 inhibition due to c-FLIP as a consequence of decreased c-FLIP expression, leading to apoptosis.	Adenosine	71-80	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	136-145
17428235-0	2007	Adenosine is not a direct GHSR agonist--artificial cross-talk between GHSR and adenosine receptor pathways.	Adenosine	0-9	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	70-74
17428235-1	2007	AIM: To assess if adenosine is a direct growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) agonist by investigating the mechanism behind adenosine induced calcium release in human embryonic kidney 293s (HEK) cells expressing GHSR.	Adenosine	18-27	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	40-76
17428235-1	2007	AIM: To assess if adenosine is a direct growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) agonist by investigating the mechanism behind adenosine induced calcium release in human embryonic kidney 293s (HEK) cells expressing GHSR.	Adenosine	18-27	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	78-82
17428235-1	2007	AIM: To assess if adenosine is a direct growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) agonist by investigating the mechanism behind adenosine induced calcium release in human embryonic kidney 293s (HEK) cells expressing GHSR.	Adenosine	18-27	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	218-222
17428235-3	2007	RESULTS: Adenosine has been widely reported as a GHSR agonist.	Adenosine	9-18	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	49-53
17428235-4	2007	In our hands, adenosine and forskolin stimulated calcium release from IP(3) controlled stores in HEK-GHSR cells but not in non-transfected HEK cells.	Adenosine	14-23	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	101-105
17442976-4	2007	Adenosine and NECA markedly induced HO-1 and blocked LPS-induced TNF-alpha production via adenosine A2aR-mediated signaling; blocking of HO-1 by RNA interference abrogated the effects of adenosine and NECA on TNF-alpha.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	100-104
17314200-2	2007	Therefore, it is conceivable that cAMP could function as a circulating adenosine prohormone by local target-organ conversion of distally released cAMP to adenosine via the sequential actions of ectophosphodiesterase and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (cAMP==&gt; AMP==&gt; adenosine; called the cAMP-adenosine pathway).	Adenosine	71-80	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	220-240
17314200-2	2007	Therefore, it is conceivable that cAMP could function as a circulating adenosine prohormone by local target-organ conversion of distally released cAMP to adenosine via the sequential actions of ectophosphodiesterase and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (cAMP==&gt; AMP==&gt; adenosine; called the cAMP-adenosine pathway).	Adenosine	154-163	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	220-240
17314200-2	2007	Therefore, it is conceivable that cAMP could function as a circulating adenosine prohormone by local target-organ conversion of distally released cAMP to adenosine via the sequential actions of ectophosphodiesterase and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (cAMP==&gt; AMP==&gt; adenosine; called the cAMP-adenosine pathway).	Adenosine	154-163	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	220-240
17307311-1	2007	The pre-mRNA encoding the serotonin 2C receptor, HTR2C (official mouse gene symbol, Htr2c), is subject to adenosine deamination that produces inosine at five sites within the coding region.	Adenosine	106-115	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C	Mus musculus	49-54
17307311-1	2007	The pre-mRNA encoding the serotonin 2C receptor, HTR2C (official mouse gene symbol, Htr2c), is subject to adenosine deamination that produces inosine at five sites within the coding region.	Adenosine	106-115	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C	Mus musculus	84-89
17172269-0	2007	p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase mediates adenosine-induced alterations in myocardial glucose utilization via 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase.	Adenosine	46-55	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	0-36
17227950-5	2007	ADA replacement enzyme therapy resulted in a lowering of adenosine levels and reversal of tracheal angiogenesis, indicating that the increases in vessel number are dependent on adenosine elevations.	Adenosine	57-66	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-3
17227950-5	2007	ADA replacement enzyme therapy resulted in a lowering of adenosine levels and reversal of tracheal angiogenesis, indicating that the increases in vessel number are dependent on adenosine elevations.	Adenosine	177-186	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-3
17142283-4	2007	The 3",5"-pyrophosphate group of this compound increases its affinity and introduces structural features which seem to be unique in pyrophosphate-containing ligands bound to RNase A, such as the adoption of a syn conformation by the adenosine base at RNase subsite B(2) and the placement of the 5"-beta-phosphate of the adenylate (instead of the alpha-phosphate) at subsite P(1) where the phosphodiester bond cleavage occurs.	Adenosine	233-242	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	174-181
17297134-7	2007	To confirm that the transcript coding for ADA was responsible for the activity observed in the saliva of this sand fly, we cloned this transcript into a prokaryotic expression vector and produced a soluble and active recombinant protein of approximately 60 kDa that was able to convert adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	286-295	Adenosine deaminase	Drosophila melanogaster	42-45
17287605-2	2007	The lower activity of the enzyme encoded by A22 (ADA*2) allele may increase tissue concentrations of adenosine, a potent cardioprotective agent.	Adenosine	101-110	transcriptional adaptor 2A	Homo sapiens	49-54
16925466-1	2007	Our previous studies have shown that the combined administration of drugs elevating extracellular adenosine, i.e. dipyridamole (DP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP), enhances murine hematopoiesis and potentiates the action of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF).	Adenosine	98-107	colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte)	Mus musculus	227-264
16925466-1	2007	Our previous studies have shown that the combined administration of drugs elevating extracellular adenosine, i.e. dipyridamole (DP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP), enhances murine hematopoiesis and potentiates the action of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF).	Adenosine	98-107	colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte)	Mus musculus	266-271
16925466-7	2007	Our results show that the effects of DP+AMP are indirect, mediated through the induction of some cytokine(s) and/or growth factor(s) and that extracellular adenosine can act in cooperation with G-CSF.	Adenosine	156-165	colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte)	Mus musculus	194-199
17240974-6	2006	Results from the screening of libraries of human ADAR2 mutants and libraries of RNA substrates shed light on structure-activity relationships in the ADAR-catalyzed adenosine to inosine RNA editing reaction.	Adenosine	164-173	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	49-54
16924660-2	2006	Adenosine uptake via the human equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 (hENT1) and 2 (hENT2) has been proposed as a mechanism regulating adenosine plasma concentration, and therefore its vascular effects in human umbilical veins.	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	72-77
16924660-2	2006	Adenosine uptake via the human equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 (hENT1) and 2 (hENT2) has been proposed as a mechanism regulating adenosine plasma concentration, and therefore its vascular effects in human umbilical veins.	Adenosine	137-146	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	72-77
16924660-3	2006	Thus, altered expression and/or activity of hENT1 or hENT2 could lead to abnormal physiological plasma adenosine level.	Adenosine	103-112	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	44-49
17088462-11	2006	Thus, the inducible A1-AR transgenic mouse model provides novel insights into the role of adenosine signaling in heart failure and illustrates the potentially deleterious consequences of selective versus nonselective activation of adenosine-signaling pathways in the heart.	Adenosine	90-99	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	20-25
17088462-11	2006	Thus, the inducible A1-AR transgenic mouse model provides novel insights into the role of adenosine signaling in heart failure and illustrates the potentially deleterious consequences of selective versus nonselective activation of adenosine-signaling pathways in the heart.	Adenosine	231-240	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	20-25
17082591-3	2006	Adenosine suppressed proliferation and cytokine secretion of Th1 and Th2 effector cells, even when target cells were activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28.	Adenosine	0-9	CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide	Mus musculus	135-138
16902423-4	2006	Previously, we and others have shown that mutations in the ABCA12 gene encoding an adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporter underlie the skin disease HI.	Adenosine	83-92	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 12	Homo sapiens	59-65
16859834-2	2006	In adult brain ambient levels of adenosine are controlled by adenosine kinase (ADK), the major adenosine-metabolizing enzyme, expressed most strongly in astrocytes.	Adenosine	33-42	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	61-77
16859834-2	2006	In adult brain ambient levels of adenosine are controlled by adenosine kinase (ADK), the major adenosine-metabolizing enzyme, expressed most strongly in astrocytes.	Adenosine	33-42	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	79-82
16859834-2	2006	In adult brain ambient levels of adenosine are controlled by adenosine kinase (ADK), the major adenosine-metabolizing enzyme, expressed most strongly in astrocytes.	Adenosine	61-70	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	79-82
16859834-11	2006	First, ADK expression in young neurons may provide a salvage pathway to utilize adenosine in nucleic acid synthesis, thus supporting differentiation and plasticity and influencing myelination; and second, adult ADK expression in astrocytes may offer a mechanism to regulate adenosine levels as a function of metabolic needs and synaptic activity, thus contributing to the differential resistance of young and adult animals to seizures.	Adenosine	80-89	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	7-10
16859834-11	2006	First, ADK expression in young neurons may provide a salvage pathway to utilize adenosine in nucleic acid synthesis, thus supporting differentiation and plasticity and influencing myelination; and second, adult ADK expression in astrocytes may offer a mechanism to regulate adenosine levels as a function of metabolic needs and synaptic activity, thus contributing to the differential resistance of young and adult animals to seizures.	Adenosine	274-283	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	7-10
16859834-11	2006	First, ADK expression in young neurons may provide a salvage pathway to utilize adenosine in nucleic acid synthesis, thus supporting differentiation and plasticity and influencing myelination; and second, adult ADK expression in astrocytes may offer a mechanism to regulate adenosine levels as a function of metabolic needs and synaptic activity, thus contributing to the differential resistance of young and adult animals to seizures.	Adenosine	274-283	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	211-214
16769123-5	2006	CNT2 proteins, the high-affinity transporters for purines like adenosine as well as for uridine, have been found in cells comprising the BBB of rats.	Adenosine	63-72	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
16951167-7	2006	Thus, adenosine attenuates glioblastoma growth acting via A(1)AR in microglia.	Adenosine	6-15	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	58-64
16688763-8	2006	Thus, reduced adenosine transport may result from downregulation of SLC29A1 expression by NO in HUVEC from gestational diabetes.	Adenosine	14-23	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	68-75
16841096-3	2006	Adenosine deaminase-deficient (ADA-deficient) mice develop pulmonary inflammation and injury that are dependent on increased lung adenosine levels.	Adenosine	130-139	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-19
16517942-6	2006	Adenosine and NECA at approximately EC50 (100 and 50 nM, respectively) increased coronary flow in A1AR(+/+) hearts to 177.86 +/- 8.75 and 172.72 +/- 17% of baseline, respectively.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	98-102
16517942-7	2006	In the presence of the selective A1AR antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX, 50 nM), the adenosine- and NECA-induced increase in coronary flow in A1AR(+/+) hearts was significantly augmented to 216.106 +/- 8.35 and 201.61 +/- 21.89% of normalized baseline values, respectively.	Adenosine	104-113	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	33-37
16517942-7	2006	In the presence of the selective A1AR antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX, 50 nM), the adenosine- and NECA-induced increase in coronary flow in A1AR(+/+) hearts was significantly augmented to 216.106 +/- 8.35 and 201.61 +/- 21.89% of normalized baseline values, respectively.	Adenosine	104-113	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	161-165
16517942-8	2006	The adenosine- and NECA-induced increase in coronary flow in A1AR(-/-) hearts was not altered by DPCPX.	Adenosine	4-13	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	61-65
16369729-8	2006	The activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase increased 2-fold in diabetic cells resulting in a rise of the activity ratio of ecto-5"-nucleotidase/adenosine deaminase from 28 to 56.These results indicate that in rat cardiomyocytes diabetes alters activities of adenosine metabolizing enzymes in such a way that conversion of AMP to IMP is favored in the cytosolic compartment, whereas the capability to produce adenosine extracellularly is increased.	Adenosine	138-147	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	16-36
16369729-8	2006	The activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase increased 2-fold in diabetic cells resulting in a rise of the activity ratio of ecto-5"-nucleotidase/adenosine deaminase from 28 to 56.These results indicate that in rat cardiomyocytes diabetes alters activities of adenosine metabolizing enzymes in such a way that conversion of AMP to IMP is favored in the cytosolic compartment, whereas the capability to produce adenosine extracellularly is increased.	Adenosine	138-147	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	117-137
16369729-8	2006	The activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase increased 2-fold in diabetic cells resulting in a rise of the activity ratio of ecto-5"-nucleotidase/adenosine deaminase from 28 to 56.These results indicate that in rat cardiomyocytes diabetes alters activities of adenosine metabolizing enzymes in such a way that conversion of AMP to IMP is favored in the cytosolic compartment, whereas the capability to produce adenosine extracellularly is increased.	Adenosine	252-261	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	16-36
16369729-8	2006	The activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase increased 2-fold in diabetic cells resulting in a rise of the activity ratio of ecto-5"-nucleotidase/adenosine deaminase from 28 to 56.These results indicate that in rat cardiomyocytes diabetes alters activities of adenosine metabolizing enzymes in such a way that conversion of AMP to IMP is favored in the cytosolic compartment, whereas the capability to produce adenosine extracellularly is increased.	Adenosine	252-261	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	117-137
16569664-0	2006	Extracellular adenosine activates AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK).	Adenosine	14-23	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-68
16569664-3	2006	In the intestinal rat epithelial cell line IEC-6, addition of adenosine rapidly increases AMP intracellular concentrations and upregulates alpha1AMPK, thus promoting phosphorylation of its downstream target acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC).	Adenosine	62-71	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
16569664-4	2006	The effect of adenosine on AMPK signaling is completely blocked by transducing IEC-6 cells with an adenoviral vector expressing a mutated alpha1 subunit, resulting in a dominant-negative effect on endogenous AMPK activity.	Adenosine	14-23	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-31
16569664-4	2006	The effect of adenosine on AMPK signaling is completely blocked by transducing IEC-6 cells with an adenoviral vector expressing a mutated alpha1 subunit, resulting in a dominant-negative effect on endogenous AMPK activity.	Adenosine	14-23	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	208-212
16569664-6	2006	Moreover, inhibition of adenosine transport through the concentrative adenosine plasma membrane transporter CNT2 with formycin B results in the blockade of adenosine-mediated AMPK signaling.	Adenosine	24-33	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	108-112
16569664-6	2006	Moreover, inhibition of adenosine transport through the concentrative adenosine plasma membrane transporter CNT2 with formycin B results in the blockade of adenosine-mediated AMPK signaling.	Adenosine	24-33	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	175-179
16569664-6	2006	Moreover, inhibition of adenosine transport through the concentrative adenosine plasma membrane transporter CNT2 with formycin B results in the blockade of adenosine-mediated AMPK signaling.	Adenosine	70-79	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	108-112
16569664-6	2006	Moreover, inhibition of adenosine transport through the concentrative adenosine plasma membrane transporter CNT2 with formycin B results in the blockade of adenosine-mediated AMPK signaling.	Adenosine	70-79	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	175-179
16569664-8	2006	In summary, this study shows that adenosine, when added at physiological concentrations, activates AMPK and promotes ACC phosphorylation.	Adenosine	34-43	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-103
16539849-11	2006	When HepG2 cells were treated with 3 mmol/L adenosine, mitochondrial membrane potential and the activity of caspase-8 or -9 remained unchanged.	Adenosine	44-53	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	108-123
16357367-0	2006	The mucin-1 568 adenosine to guanine polymorphism influences serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 levels.	Adenosine	16-25	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	4-11
16357367-2	2006	The aim of this study was to analyze whether serum KL-6 levels are dependent on the functional adenosine to guanine mucin-1 (MUC1) gene polymorphism at nucleotide position 568 in a well-characterized white population.	Adenosine	95-104	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	51-55
16357367-2	2006	The aim of this study was to analyze whether serum KL-6 levels are dependent on the functional adenosine to guanine mucin-1 (MUC1) gene polymorphism at nucleotide position 568 in a well-characterized white population.	Adenosine	95-104	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	125-129
16418778-15	2006	In HCC1 cells, adenosine has a potent stimulatory action on IL-6 secretion but an inhibitory action on OPG expression.	Adenosine	15-24	TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Homo sapiens	103-106
16357571-9	2006	The existence of crosstalk between EGFR and other receptor systems may provide new clues regarding the activity of acetylcholine, adenosine and other agonists of G-protein-coupled receptors and other receptor families on mucin secretion.	Adenosine	130-139	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	221-226
16300636-8	2006	The activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the hippocampus results in stronger induction of phospho-p42-MAPK in TSC2+/- rats than in wild-type animals.	Adenosine	25-34	mitogen activated protein kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	116-124
16328972-1	2006	Extracellular adenine nucleotide hydrolysis in the circulation is mediated by the action of an NTPDase (CD39, apyrase) and of a 5"-nucleotidase (CD73), presenting as a final product, adenosine.	Adenosine	183-192	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	128-143
16328972-1	2006	Extracellular adenine nucleotide hydrolysis in the circulation is mediated by the action of an NTPDase (CD39, apyrase) and of a 5"-nucleotidase (CD73), presenting as a final product, adenosine.	Adenosine	183-192	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	145-149
16382140-1	2006	ADAR2 is a double-stranded-RNA-specific adenosine deaminase involved in the editing of mammalian RNAs by the site-selective conversion of adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	40-49	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	0-5
16369484-3	2006	Here we show that specific adenosine residues of certain microRNA (miRNA) precursors are edited by ADAR1 and ADAR2.	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	109-114
16342945-5	2005	The three regions that are crucial for activation of ArgRS are the terminal adenosine, the D-loop, and the anticodon stem-loop of tRNA.	Adenosine	76-85	arginyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	53-58
16274951-2	2005	This adenine nucleoside can be produced in the synaptic cleft by the ectonucleotidase cascade, which includes the nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase) family and ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	5-23	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	178-198
16022683-1	2005	The A(2A) adenosine receptor (A(2A)AR) mediates anti-inflammatory actions of adenosine in a variety of cell types.	Adenosine	10-19	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	30-37
15926889-10	2005	Our results suggest that ADA2 may be active in sites of inflammation during hypoxia and in areas of tumour growth where the adenosine concentration is significantly elevated and the extracellular pH is acidic.	Adenosine	124-133	transcriptional adaptor 2A	Homo sapiens	25-29
16005018-0	2005	Adenosine triggers preconditioning through MEK/ERK1/2 signalling pathway during hypoxia/reoxygenation in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.	Adenosine	0-9	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	47-53
16005018-7	2005	The MEK1 inhibitor PD 98059 suppressed the effects of adenosine, CPA, and Cl-IB-MECA on LDH release, whereas the PI-3K inhibitor wortmannin did not reverse this cardioprotection.	Adenosine	54-63	mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
16005018-12	2005	In conclusion, these data show that the preconditioning effect of adenosine requires A(1) and A(3) but not A(2A) ARs and involves an anti-apoptotic effect via MEK1/ERK1/2 pathway in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.	Adenosine	66-75	mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	159-163
16005018-12	2005	In conclusion, these data show that the preconditioning effect of adenosine requires A(1) and A(3) but not A(2A) ARs and involves an anti-apoptotic effect via MEK1/ERK1/2 pathway in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.	Adenosine	66-75	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	164-170
16014444-6	2005	The following feedback control hypothesis is proposed: AMP is dephosphorylated by ecto-5"-nucleotidase, producing adenosine under hypoxic conditions in the extracellular space adjacent to a parenchymal cell (e.g., cardiomyocyte, skeletal muscle fiber, hepatocyte, etc.).	Adenosine	114-123	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	82-102
15963471-12	2005	From these results, it is suggested that troglitazone may enhance the vasodilatory effect of adenosine by inhibiting ENT1.	Adenosine	93-102	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	117-121
19758904-5	2005	Mean FFR was 0.82+/-0.12 with a 40 microg adenosine bolus and decreased to 0.80+/-0.12 and 0.80+/-13 respectively with 100microg and 150 microg boli (P&lt;0.001 vs 40microg in both cases; 100 vs 150 microg, NS).	Adenosine	42-51	VPS51 subunit of GARP complex	Homo sapiens	5-8
16034138-0	2005	Adenosine-dependent pulmonary fibrosis in adenosine deaminase-deficient mice.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	42-61
16034138-6	2005	To accomplish this, adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient mice were treated with various levels of ADA enzyme replacement therapy to regulate endogenous adenosine levels in the lung.	Adenosine	20-29	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	41-44
16034138-7	2005	Maintaining ADA-deficient mice on low dosages of ADA enzyme therapy led to chronic elevations in lung adenosine levels that were associated with pulmonary inflammation, expression of profibrotic molecules, collagen deposition, and extreme alteration in airway structure.	Adenosine	102-111	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	12-15
16190361-7	2005	At these concentrations, ADA1 is expected to be functionally dominant due to its higher affinity for adenosine.	Adenosine	101-110	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	25-29
16190361-10	2005	Taken together, these findings suggest that the elevated ADA1 activity is an intrinsic characteristic of RA-FLS, which likely contributes to the pathogenesis of RA by neutralizing the anti-rheumatic properties of endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	224-233	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	57-61
15933265-2	2005	Human umbilical vein endothelium (HUVEC) function in an environment with 3% to 5% O2 and exhibit efficient adenosine membrane transport via human equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 (hENT1).	Adenosine	107-116	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	187-192
15933265-4	2005	Hypoxia (0 to 24 hours, 2% and 1% O2) reduced maximal hENT1-adenosine transport velocity (V(max)) and maximal nitrobenzylthionosine (NBMPR, a high-affinity hENT1 protein ligand) binding, but increased extracellular adenosine concentration.	Adenosine	60-69	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	54-59
15933265-8	2005	Thus, hypoxia-increased extracellular adenosine may result from reduced hENT1-adenosine transport in HUVEC.	Adenosine	38-47	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	72-77
15933265-8	2005	Thus, hypoxia-increased extracellular adenosine may result from reduced hENT1-adenosine transport in HUVEC.	Adenosine	78-87	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	72-77
16028070-2	2005	These extracellular nucleotides are rapidly converted to adenosine by ectonucleotidases, mainly ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase1 (NTPDase1/CD39) and CD73.	Adenosine	57-66	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	164-168
15955461-1	2005	The endothelial cell surface expression of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (E5"N, CD73) is thought to be essential for the extracellular formation of cytoprotective, anti-thrombotic and immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	193-202	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	43-63
15955461-1	2005	The endothelial cell surface expression of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (E5"N, CD73) is thought to be essential for the extracellular formation of cytoprotective, anti-thrombotic and immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	193-202	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	71-75
15746085-2	2005	Tc1 and Tc2 cells had similar adenosine signaling, as measured by intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) increase upon adenosine A(2A) receptor agonism by CGS21680 (CGS).	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	112-136
15695555-5	2005	Although RT-PCR demonstrated the presence of equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 (ENT-1) and ENT-2 mRNA, functional studies revealed that adenosine transport in HASMCs was predominantly mediated by ENT-1 and inhibited by nitrobenzylmercaptopurine riboside (NBMPR, IC(50) = 0.69 +/- 0.05 nM).	Adenosine	141-150	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	201-206
15695555-12	2005	Pathologically, the increase in ENT-1 activity in diabetes may affect the availability of adenosine in the vicinity of adenosine receptors and, thus, alter vascular functions in diabetes.	Adenosine	90-99	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	32-37
15888028-0	2005	Expression of human ecto-5"-nucleotidase in pig endothelium increases adenosine production and protects from NK cell-mediated lysis.	Adenosine	70-79	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	20-40
15557207-0	2005	Residues Met89 and Ser160 in the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 affect its affinity for adenosine, guanosine, S6-(4-nitrobenzyl)-mercaptopurine riboside, and dipyridamole.	Adenosine	102-111	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	39-77
15861042-4	2005	Kinetic studies were undertaken in yeast with a high through-put semi-automated assay process; reference hCNT3 exhibited Km values of 1.7+/-0.3, 3.6+/-1.3, 2.2+/-0.7, and 2.1+/-0.6 muM and Vmax values of 1402+/-286, 1310+/-113, 1020+/-44, and 1740+/-114 pmol/mg/min, respectively, for uridine, cytidine, adenosine and inosine.	Adenosine	304-313	solute carrier family 28 member 3	Homo sapiens	105-110
15611320-10	2005	Alterations in mRNA levels of rENT2 and rCNT2 were associated with changes in adenosine transport.	Adenosine	78-87	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	40-45
15763893-9	2005	Our findings indicate that the thyroid disorders affect the 5"-nucleotidase activity and consequently can alter the adenosine levels in a reversible manner in platelet fraction.	Adenosine	116-125	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	60-75
15670822-3	2005	It was shown that the inhibitors of adenosine deaminase isoenzyme 1 (ADA1), adenosine, and erithro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (EHNA) derivatives are poor inhibitors of ADA2.	Adenosine	36-45	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	170-174
15670822-4	2005	Comparison of the interaction of ADA2 and ADA1 with adenosine and its derivative, 1-deazaadenosine, indicates that the isoenzymes have similar active centers.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	33-37
15670822-6	2005	The possible role of Zn2+ ions and the participation of acidic amino acids Glu and Asp in adenosine deamination catalyzed by ADA2 were shown.	Adenosine	90-99	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	125-129
15680946-9	2005	The antiepileptogenic effect of ANG IV could be realized partly through an adenosine-dependent mechanism.	Adenosine	75-84	angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5	Mus musculus	32-35
15659601-1	2005	In two inbred strains of mice, C57BL/6 and 129Sv, the majority of forebrain neocortical pre-mRNA encoding the serotonin 2C (5-HT2C) receptor is altered by adenosine-to-inosine editing.	Adenosine	155-164	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C	Mus musculus	124-130
15613271-2	2005	It has been demonstrated that ATP (acting as a neurotransmitter) is hydrolyzed to adenosine in the synaptic cleft by the conjugated action of ectonucleotidases, which include an enzyme of the E-NTPDase family (NTPDase3, apyrase, EC 3.6.1.5) and a 5"-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5).	Adenosine	82-91	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	247-262
15705418-2	2005	The metabolic basis of the immunodeficiency is likely related to the sensitivity of lymphocytes to the accumulation of the ADA substrates adenosine and 2"-deoxyadenosine.	Adenosine	138-147	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	123-126
15664319-4	2005	ATP may be completely hydrolyzed to adenosine by an enzyme chain constituted by an ATP diphosphohydrolase and an ecto-5"-nucleotidase, as previously described in the spinal cord.	Adenosine	36-45	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	113-133
15987273-2	2005	Extracellular adenosine can be formed by a membrane-anchored enzyme ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	14-23	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	68-88
15987273-16	2005	Ecto-5 -nucleotidase activity during silent and chronic phases might have a role in blocking spontaneous seizures by production of inhibitory neuromodulator adenosine, besides taking part in the mechanism that controls sprouting.	Adenosine	157-166	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	0-20
15308682-9	2004	Adenosine inhibited Ca2+ release and twitch responses in a manner consistent with its action as a competitive weak agonist for the ATP regulatory site on the ryanodine receptor (RyR).	Adenosine	0-9	ryanodine receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	158-176
15308682-9	2004	Adenosine inhibited Ca2+ release and twitch responses in a manner consistent with its action as a competitive weak agonist for the ATP regulatory site on the ryanodine receptor (RyR).	Adenosine	0-9	ryanodine receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	178-181
15272017-3	2004	Adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) subtype present on renal proximal tubular epithelial and cortical collecting duct cells mediates the antidiuretic and cytoprotective actions of adenosine.	Adenosine	173-182	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	23-27
15810437-2	2004	The conserved adenosine at the third position of the tetraloop of helix 6 (A149) is crucial for the binding of protein SRP19 in the mammalian SRP.	Adenosine	14-23	signal recognition particle 19	Homo sapiens	119-124
15380184-1	2004	ADAR2 is an RNA editing enzyme that deaminates adenosines in certain duplex structures.	Adenosine	47-57	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	0-5
15317590-1	2004	The regulation of adenosine kinase (AK) activity has the potential to control intracellular and interstitial adenosine (Ado) concentrations.	Adenosine	18-27	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	36-38
15317590-1	2004	The regulation of adenosine kinase (AK) activity has the potential to control intracellular and interstitial adenosine (Ado) concentrations.	Adenosine	120-123	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	18-34
15317590-1	2004	The regulation of adenosine kinase (AK) activity has the potential to control intracellular and interstitial adenosine (Ado) concentrations.	Adenosine	120-123	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	36-38
15294001-1	2004	The [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]triazine derivative 3, more commonly known in the field of adenosine research as ZM-241385, has previously been demonstrated to be a potent and selective adenosine A2a receptor antagonist, although with limited oral bioavailability.	Adenosine	85-94	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	180-202
15306646-11	2004	Activation of A1-coupled K+ channels by BzATP was dependent on ecto-nucleotidases, extracellular enzymes that convert ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	125-134	tripartite motif-containing 33	Mus musculus	63-67
15287894-3	2004	In this study, we analysed the distribution of the transcript encoding the high affinity adenosine-preferring concentrative transporter CNT2 in the rat central nervous system and compared it with that of the equilibrative transporter ENT1.	Adenosine	89-98	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	136-140
15287894-9	2004	This specific decrease in CNT2 transcript suggests a new physiological role for the transporter in the modulation of extracellular adenosine levels and the sleep/wakefulness cycle.	Adenosine	131-140	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
15211592-5	2004	Furthermore, the addition of exogenous adenosine to NGF-deprived SCG neurons resulted in enhanced cell survival.	Adenosine	39-48	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
15163471-4	2004	3.1.3.5, CD73) that can control the levels of ADP and adenosine, two substances that regulates platelet aggregation.	Adenosine	54-63	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	9-13
15210754-2	2004	In this study, we examine and clarify the mechanism of tissue protection by extracellular adenosine using A2AR-deficient mice and show that the A2AR inhibits TLR-induced transcription of proinflammatory cytokines in vivo.	Adenosine	90-99	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	144-148
15219776-9	2004	Therefore, acute stress increases ATP diphosphohydrolase activity which, in association with 5"-nucleotidase, contributes to the elimination of ATP and provides extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	175-184	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	93-108
15120574-0	2004	[(3)H]Adenosine uptake in brainstem membranes of CD-1 mice lacking the adenosine A(2a) receptor.	Adenosine	6-15	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	71-95
14759222-2	2004	In this assay, expression of hENT1 in a yeast strain deficient in adenine biosynthesis (ade2) permits yeast growth on a plate lacking adenine but containing adenosine, a hENT1 substrate.	Adenosine	157-166	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	29-34
14759222-2	2004	In this assay, expression of hENT1 in a yeast strain deficient in adenine biosynthesis (ade2) permits yeast growth on a plate lacking adenine but containing adenosine, a hENT1 substrate.	Adenosine	157-166	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	170-175
15095371-2	2004	It has recently been shown that stimulation of adenosine receptors in glial cells induces the release of neuroprotective substances such as NGF, S-100beta, and interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Adenosine	47-56	S100 calcium binding protein A1	Mus musculus	145-154
15071115-13	2004	Finally, exposure of HEK/TRPV1 cells to capsaicin induced an approximately 2.4-fold increase in proapoptotic cells that was abolished by adenosine analogs.	Adenosine	137-146	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	25-30
15071115-14	2004	Together, these data suggest that adenosine could serve as an endogenous inhibitor of TRPV1 activity by directly interacting with the receptor protein.	Adenosine	34-43	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	86-91
14993098-11	2004	Although inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase by alpha,beta-methylene ADP (200 microm) or by concanavalin A (0.1 mg ml(-1)) attenuated endogenous adenosine formation from AMP, analysed by HPLC, the corresponding reduction in [(3)H]ACh release only became evident when stimulation of the myenteric plexus was prolonged to over 250 s. 5.	Adenosine	144-153	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	23-43
14960625-1	2004	The neuromodulator adenosine regulates immune activation and neuronal survival through specific G-protein-coupled receptors expressed on macrophages and neurons, including the A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR).	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	176-197
14960625-1	2004	The neuromodulator adenosine regulates immune activation and neuronal survival through specific G-protein-coupled receptors expressed on macrophages and neurons, including the A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR).	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	199-203
14660658-1	2004	ADAR2 is a double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase involved in the editing of mammalian RNAs by the site-specific conversion of adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	40-49	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	0-5
14660658-6	2004	Statistical analysis of nucleotide sequences surrounding edited and non-edited adenosine residues have identified a nucleotide sequence bias correlating with ADAR2 site preference and editing efficiency.	Adenosine	79-88	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	158-163
14660658-8	2004	These data suggest that both sequence and structural elements are required to define adenosine moieties targeted for specific ADAR2-mediated deamination.	Adenosine	85-94	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	126-131
14715520-5	2004	In mice lacking the A(2A)AR gene, protection by ATL1465e is lost and ischemic injury of short duration is exacerbated compared with wild-type mice, suggesting a protective role for endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	192-201	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	20-27
15037197-2	2004	hENT1 is ubiquitously expressed and plays an important role in the disposition and pharmacological activity of nucleoside drugs and nucleosides, such as adenosine.	Adenosine	153-162	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-5
15037197-10	2004	For example, this conversion reduces sensitivity of hENT1 to the inhibitors NBMPR, DP, and DZ and reduces its transport affinity for the natural nucleosides cytidine and adenosine.	Adenosine	170-179	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	52-57
14662655-2	2004	Using an inverse RT-PCR technique we mapped two BPS to the adenosine residues at positions -4 and -24 in intron 3 of the human XPC DNA repair gene.	Adenosine	59-68	XPC complex subunit, DNA damage recognition and repair factor	Homo sapiens	127-130
14662655-7	2004	In contrast, in cells from three mildly affected siblings in family B, the BPS adenosine located at the -24 position in XPC intron 3 is mutated to a G. Real-time QRT-PCR revealed 3-5% of normal XPC message.	Adenosine	79-88	XPC complex subunit, DNA damage recognition and repair factor	Homo sapiens	120-123
14662655-7	2004	In contrast, in cells from three mildly affected siblings in family B, the BPS adenosine located at the -24 position in XPC intron 3 is mutated to a G. Real-time QRT-PCR revealed 3-5% of normal XPC message.	Adenosine	79-88	XPC complex subunit, DNA damage recognition and repair factor	Homo sapiens	194-197
14578500-0	2003	Involvement of CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) in adenosine generation by human gingival fibroblasts.	Adenosine	46-55	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	15-19
14505676-0	2003	Adenosine-anchored triphosphate subsite probing: distinguishing between HER-2 and HER-4 tyrosine protein kinases.	Adenosine	0-9	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
14505676-2	2003	The SAR profiles of a panel of adenosine-anchored bicyclic heterocycles against HER-2 and HER-4 indicated that specificity can be derived for highly homologous protein kinases from stereospecific recognition in the triphosphate-subsite.	Adenosine	31-40	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Homo sapiens	90-95
14514723-1	2003	Adenosine induces vasoconstriction of renal afferent arterioles through activation of A1 adenosine receptors (A1AR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	86-108
14514723-1	2003	Adenosine induces vasoconstriction of renal afferent arterioles through activation of A1 adenosine receptors (A1AR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	110-114
14514723-11	2003	It is concluded that the constriction response to adenosine in afferent arterioles is mediated by A1AR coupled to a PTX-sensitive Gi protein and subsequent activation of phospholipase C, presumably through betagamma subunits released from Galphai.	Adenosine	50-59	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	98-102
12875990-2	2003	Here, we demonstrate that TLR2, TLR7, and TLR9, but not TLR3 and TLR5 agonists, also synergize with A(2A)R agonists and adenosine to up-regulate VEGF, while simultaneously strongly down-regulating TNFalpha expression.	Adenosine	120-129	toll-like receptor 2	Mus musculus	26-30
12875990-4	2003	In the presence of adenosine or A(2A)R agonists, but not A(1)R agonists, TLR2, 4, 7, and 9 agonists strongly up-regulate VEGF expression, while simultaneously down-regulating TNFalpha.	Adenosine	19-28	toll-like receptor 2	Mus musculus	73-77
12875990-6	2003	With adenosine or A(2A)R agonists, TLR2, 7, and 9, but not TLR4 agonists, also synergistically up-regulate VEGF, while down-regulating TNFalpha expression.	Adenosine	5-14	toll-like receptor 2	Mus musculus	35-39
12875990-9	2003	While adenosine and A(2A)R agonists strongly down-regulate TNFalpha protein expression induced by TLR2, 3, 4, 7, and 9 agonists, TNFalpha mRNA and NF-kappaB activation are not reduced.	Adenosine	6-15	toll-like receptor 2	Mus musculus	98-105
12890572-2	2003	Ecto-NTPDases and ecto-5"-nucleotidase can control the extracellular ATP/adenosine levels, which have been described as proliferation factors.	Adenosine	73-82	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	18-38
12446452-3	2003	Chronic stimulation with adenosine enhanced the macropinocytotic activity and the membrane expression of CD80, CD86, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, and HLA-DR molecules on iDCs.	Adenosine	25-34	CD80 molecule	Homo sapiens	105-109
12446452-3	2003	Chronic stimulation with adenosine enhanced the macropinocytotic activity and the membrane expression of CD80, CD86, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, and HLA-DR molecules on iDCs.	Adenosine	25-34	CD86 molecule	Homo sapiens	111-115
12446452-4	2003	Adenosine also increased LPS-induced CD54, CD80, MHC class I, and HLA-DR molecule expression in mDCs.	Adenosine	0-9	CD80 molecule	Homo sapiens	43-47
12446452-9	2003	Finally, adenosine augmented the release of the chemokine CCL17 and inhibited CXCL10 production by mDCs.	Adenosine	9-18	C-C motif chemokine ligand 17	Homo sapiens	58-63
12618436-1	2003	Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) convert adenosine residues into inosines in double-stranded RNA.	Adenosine	50-59	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	0-34
12618436-1	2003	Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) convert adenosine residues into inosines in double-stranded RNA.	Adenosine	50-59	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	36-40
12663485-1	2003	Extracellular adenosine production by the glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol-anchored Ecto-5"-Nucleotidase plays an important role in the defense against hypoxia, particularly in the intravascular space.	Adenosine	14-23	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	82-102
12519745-6	2003	Activation of endogenous AMPK with the cell-permeant adenosine analog 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) inhibited forskolin-stimulated CFTR-dependent I(sc) in nonpermeabilized monolayers and monolayers with nystatin permeabilization of the basolateral membrane.	Adenosine	53-62	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	25-29
12820662-4	2003	Uptake studies demonstrated that the majority of adenosine transport was mediated by hENT1, which was localized to both apical and basolateral membranes, with a smaller hENT2-mediated component in basolateral membranes.	Adenosine	49-58	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	85-90
12559003-5	2003	The cultured neurons were protected against this insult by activation of the adenosine mechanism, by N6-(R)-phenylisopropyladenosine [R(-)-PIA], a specific A1 adenosine receptor agonist.	Adenosine	77-86	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Rattus norvegicus	101-132
12486144-1	2002	Serotonin 2C (5-HT2C) receptor pre-mRNA is a substrate for RNA editing enzymes that convert five adenosines (named A, B, C", C, and D editing sites) to inosines.	Adenosine	97-107	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C	Mus musculus	14-20
12492427-0	2002	Vasopressin and oxytocin reverse adenosine-induced pituicyte stellation via calcium-dependent activation of Cdc42.	Adenosine	33-42	cell division cycle 42	Rattus norvegicus	108-113
12237287-3	2002	We report the first crystal structure of Aurora-2 kinase in complex with adenosine.	Adenosine	73-82	aurora kinase A	Homo sapiens	41-49
12414530-4	2002	The rats treated with xanthine or adenosine showed increased levels of caspase-3 activity and DNA fragmentation.	Adenosine	34-43	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	71-80
12187106-6	2002	Increased expression of mesangial cell ecto-ATPase and ecto-5"-nucleotidase after spermine and spermidine treatment could result in an increased production of adenosine, a powerful autacoid interesting with respect to a role of mesangial cells in inflammatory processes.	Adenosine	159-168	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	55-75
11821153-3	2002	ATP diphosphohydrolase hydrolyses ATP and ADP nucleotides to AMP and 5"-nucleotidase hydrolyses AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	103-112	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8A2	Homo sapiens	0-3
11821153-3	2002	ATP diphosphohydrolase hydrolyses ATP and ADP nucleotides to AMP and 5"-nucleotidase hydrolyses AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	103-112	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8A2	Homo sapiens	34-45
11920952-6	2002	Kinetic parameters of the enzyme show that diadenosine tetraphosphate is the preferred substrate that is further metabolized by the prostasome-ecto-nucleotidases to adenosine.	Adenosine	45-54	tripartite motif containing 33	Homo sapiens	143-147
11909821-6	2002	Our findings demonstrate that inhibition of adenosine transport via hENT1 in endothelial cells cultured in 25 mmol/L D-glucose could be due to stimulation of P2Y2 purinoceptors by ATP, which is released from these cells in response to D-glucose.	Adenosine	44-53	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	68-73
11884371-1	2002	Extracellular adenosine production by the GPI-anchored Ecto-5"-Nucleotidase (Ecto-5"-Nu) plays an important role in the cardiovascular system, notably in defense against hypoxia.	Adenosine	14-23	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	55-75
11884371-1	2002	Extracellular adenosine production by the GPI-anchored Ecto-5"-Nucleotidase (Ecto-5"-Nu) plays an important role in the cardiovascular system, notably in defense against hypoxia.	Adenosine	14-23	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	55-65
11913523-8	2002	Together these results suggest that enhancement of cellular ATP levels in PC12 cells by extracellular Ado might be acceleration of ATP synthesis through the Ado salvage system using hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase rather than Ado kinase since 5"-iodotubercidin, an inhibitor of Ado kinase, had no effect on the enhancement elicited by Ado.	Adenosine	102-105	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	182-228
11913523-8	2002	Together these results suggest that enhancement of cellular ATP levels in PC12 cells by extracellular Ado might be acceleration of ATP synthesis through the Ado salvage system using hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase rather than Ado kinase since 5"-iodotubercidin, an inhibitor of Ado kinase, had no effect on the enhancement elicited by Ado.	Adenosine	157-160	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	182-228
11911828-3	2002	Adenosine, acting through the A(3) adenosine receptor (A(3)AR) as well as other agonists of G(alphai)-coupled GPCRs, transiently increased PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) exclusively via PI3Kgamma.	Adenosine	0-9	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma	Mus musculus	173-182
11792620-3	2002	We used Atlas mouse cDNA arrays to analyze differential gene expression in association with lung inflammation resulting from elevated adenosine in adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient mice.	Adenosine	134-143	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	147-166
11792620-3	2002	We used Atlas mouse cDNA arrays to analyze differential gene expression in association with lung inflammation resulting from elevated adenosine in adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient mice.	Adenosine	134-143	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	168-171
11792620-6	2002	We also show that lowering adenosine levels with ADA enzyme therapy has striking effects on gene expression that may be associated with resolution of pulmonary eosinophilia.	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	49-52
11843700-2	2002	The most common form of HSP is caused by mutations in the SPG4 gene, which codes for spastin, an adenosine triphosphatase with various cellular activities (AAA) protein family member.	Adenosine	97-106	spastin	Homo sapiens	58-62
11843700-2	2002	The most common form of HSP is caused by mutations in the SPG4 gene, which codes for spastin, an adenosine triphosphatase with various cellular activities (AAA) protein family member.	Adenosine	97-106	spastin	Homo sapiens	85-92
11878910-13	2002	We suggest that the changes in nsP4 and the SG promoter destabilize the RNA initiation complex assembled at the SG promoter and that since ATP is the initiating nucleotide in the SG RNA transcript, the increased level of ATP resulting from the addition of adenosine is able to compensate for this destabilization and restore the synthesis of SG RNA to normal levels.	Adenosine	256-265	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	31-35
11886528-8	2001	Significant inhibition in increase in intracellular calcium level by minoxidil or adenosine was observed as the result of pretreatment with 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, an antagonist for adenosine A1 receptor, but not by 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargyl-xanthine, an antagonist for adenosine A2 receptor, whereas vascular endothelial growth factor production was blocked by both adenosine A1 and A2 receptor antagonists.	Adenosine	82-91	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	194-215
11778455-6	2001	By employing the flexibly mounted microdialysis technique, I will demonstrate that the monitoring of free radical generation and the level of adenosine measured during AMP perfusion that gives an index of the activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase in the tissue.	Adenosine	142-151	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	221-241
11584005-0	2001	Topology of a human equilibrative, nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR)-sensitive nucleoside transporter (hENT1) implicated in the cellular uptake of adenosine and anti-cancer drugs.	Adenosine	144-153	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	100-105
11584005-1	2001	The human equilibrative nucleoside transporter hENT1, the first identified member of the ENT family of integral membrane proteins, is the primary mechanism for the cellular uptake of physiologic nucleosides, including adenosine, and many anti-cancer nucleoside drugs.	Adenosine	218-227	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	47-52
11682452-5	2001	Three nucleoside transporter subtypes that mediate adenosine permeation of rat cells have been characterized and cloned: equilibrative transporters rENT1 and rENT2 and concentrative transporter rCNT2.	Adenosine	51-60	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	194-199
11705669-2	2001	This enzyme participates together with a 5"-nucleotidase in adenosine formation from the neurotransmitter, ATP, in the synaptic cleft.	Adenosine	60-69	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	41-56
11602688-0	2001	Differential kinetics of transport of 2",3"-dideoxyinosine and adenosine via concentrative Na+ nucleoside transporter CNT2 cloned from rat blood-brain barrier.	Adenosine	63-72	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	118-122
11602688-3	2001	CNT2 transported both adenosine and 2",3"-dideoxyinosine.	Adenosine	22-31	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
11602688-8	2001	The transport of 2",3"-dideoxyinosine was strongly inhibited by thymidine, whereas thymidine was a weak inhibitor of adenosine transport via rat CNT2.	Adenosine	117-126	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	145-149
11602688-10	2001	These studies provide evidence for asymmetric transport sites on rat CNT2, where 2",3"-dideoxyinosine and thymidine compete selectively at a low Vmax site on the transporter, whereas adenosine is transported at a high Vmax site.	Adenosine	183-192	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	69-73
11690631-1	2001	Adenosine production catalysed by cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase (cN-I) regulates diverse physiological processes.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA	Homo sapiens	34-59
11690631-1	2001	Adenosine production catalysed by cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase (cN-I) regulates diverse physiological processes.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA	Homo sapiens	61-65
11690631-4	2001	Using overexpression in COS-7 cells we showed that mcN-I, like the previously cloned pigeon cN-I, is activated by ADP and catalyses adenosine formation during ATP breakdown.	Adenosine	132-141	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA	Homo sapiens	52-56
11591798-0	2001	Adenosine-dependent airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in partially adenosine deaminase-deficient mice.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	77-96
11591798-2	2001	We have engineered a mouse model that has elevated levels of adenosine as a result of the partial expression of the enzyme that metabolizes adenosine, adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	61-70	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	151-170
11591798-2	2001	We have engineered a mouse model that has elevated levels of adenosine as a result of the partial expression of the enzyme that metabolizes adenosine, adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	61-70	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	172-175
11591798-2	2001	We have engineered a mouse model that has elevated levels of adenosine as a result of the partial expression of the enzyme that metabolizes adenosine, adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	140-149	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	151-170
11591798-2	2001	We have engineered a mouse model that has elevated levels of adenosine as a result of the partial expression of the enzyme that metabolizes adenosine, adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	140-149	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	172-175
11591798-7	2001	This was reversed following the lowering of adenosine levels using ADA enzyme therapy and also through the use of the adenosine receptor antagonist theophylline, implicating both the nucleoside and its receptors in airway physiological alterations.	Adenosine	44-53	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	67-70
11553506-5	2001	The extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway is defined as the egress of cAMP from cells during activation of adenylyl cyclase, followed by the extracellular conversion of cAMP to adenosine by the serial actions of ecto-phosphodiesterase and ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	23-32	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	238-258
11553506-5	2001	The extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway is defined as the egress of cAMP from cells during activation of adenylyl cyclase, followed by the extracellular conversion of cAMP to adenosine by the serial actions of ecto-phosphodiesterase and ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	176-185	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	238-258
11602624-6	2001	Activation of AMPK by metformin or an adenosine analogue suppresses expression of SREBP-1, a key lipogenic transcription factor.	Adenosine	38-47	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-89
11509639-8	2001	Because ecto 5" nucleotidase inhibitor (alpha,beta-methylene adenosine-5"-diphosphate) blocked the effect of MTX, adenosine mimicked the effect of MTX, and adenosine A2b receptor antagonist (3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine) reversed the inhibitory effect of MTX, we suggest that MTX suppresses NF-kappaB activation by releasing adenosine.	Adenosine	61-70	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	8-28
11699950-4	2001	Also, the rate of adenosine formation increased sharply when the extracellular concentrations of ATP + ADP decrease below 5 microM, indicating that ATP/ADP feed-forwardly inhibit ecto-5"-nucleotidase allowing a burst-like formation of adenosine possibly designed to activate facilitatory A2A receptors.	Adenosine	18-27	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	179-199
11699950-4	2001	Also, the rate of adenosine formation increased sharply when the extracellular concentrations of ATP + ADP decrease below 5 microM, indicating that ATP/ADP feed-forwardly inhibit ecto-5"-nucleotidase allowing a burst-like formation of adenosine possibly designed to activate facilitatory A2A receptors.	Adenosine	235-244	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	179-199
11504952-1	2001	Adenosine is a determinant of metabolic control of organ function increasing oxygen supply through the A2 class of adenosine receptors and reducing oxygen demand through A1 adenosine receptors (A1AR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	170-192
11504952-1	2001	Adenosine is a determinant of metabolic control of organ function increasing oxygen supply through the A2 class of adenosine receptors and reducing oxygen demand through A1 adenosine receptors (A1AR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	194-198
11504952-8	2001	Absence of TGF responses in A1AR-deficient mice suggests that adenosine is a required constituent of the juxtaglomerular signaling pathway.	Adenosine	62-71	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	28-32
11470917-5	2001	Electrophysiological recordings from hippocampal slices revealed that both adenosine-mediated inhibition and theophylline-mediated augmentation of excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission were abolished in A(1)R(-/-) mice.	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	208-213
11470917-6	2001	In A(1)R(+/-) mice the potency of adenosine was halved, as was the number of A(1)R.	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	3-8
11311551-10	2001	Results indicate that these invertebrate proteins previously annotated as growth factors, as well as the human CECR1 gene product, may exert their actions through adenosine depletion.	Adenosine	163-172	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	111-116
11179074-0	2001	Adenosine-induced late preconditioning in mouse hearts: role of p38 MAP kinase and mitochondrial K(ATP) channels.	Adenosine	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	64-67
11181402-11	2001	These results indicate the presence of adenosine A1 and A2a receptors on afferent and efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary nephrons, such that adenosine A2a receptor-mediated vasodilation partially buffers adenosine-induced vasoconstriction in both pre- and postglomerular segments of the renal microvasculature.	Adenosine	39-48	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	144-166
11456753-1	2001	Two synthetically modified nucleoside triphosphate analogues (adenosine modified with an imidazole and uridine modified with a cationic amine) are enzymatically polymerized in tandem along a degenerate DNA library for the combinatorial selection of an RNAse A mimic.	Adenosine	62-71	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	252-259
11171087-7	2001	cAMP accumulation and apoptosis induced by adenosine and by A2AR agonist are of a lower magnitude in T-cells from A2AR+/- heterozygous mice than in T-cells from A2AR+/+ littermate control mice.	Adenosine	43-52	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	114-118
11171087-7	2001	cAMP accumulation and apoptosis induced by adenosine and by A2AR agonist are of a lower magnitude in T-cells from A2AR+/- heterozygous mice than in T-cells from A2AR+/+ littermate control mice.	Adenosine	43-52	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	114-118
11171087-9	2001	Strongly decreased adenosine-triggered cAMP increases were detected in thymocytes from A2AR-/- mice, suggesting that A2B adenosine receptors cannot fully compensate for the loss of A2ARs in murine T-cells.	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	87-91
11159014-8	2001	Sodium orthovanadate did block adenosine-homocysteine-induced FAK, paxillin, and p130(CAS) proteolysis and Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-ase activity.	Adenosine	31-40	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	62-65
11033356-4	2000	An adenosine/uridine-rich element from the TNFalpha 3" untranslated region conferred p38-sensitive decay in a tetracycline-regulated mRNA stability assay.	Adenosine	3-12	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	85-88
11015203-4	2000	ADAR2 deaminates an adenosine in the sequence context of a natural editing site &gt;90-fold more rapidly and to a higher yield than an adjacent adenosine in the same RNA structure.	Adenosine	20-29	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	0-5
11015203-4	2000	ADAR2 deaminates an adenosine in the sequence context of a natural editing site &gt;90-fold more rapidly and to a higher yield than an adjacent adenosine in the same RNA structure.	Adenosine	144-153	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	0-5
11018307-1	2000	Effects of nerve growth factor (NGF), adenosine and an adenosine A(2A) receptor agonist (CGS 21680) on the phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) were examined in PC12 cells.	Adenosine	38-47	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	163-169
11048721-5	2000	Here we show that DCC interacts with the membrane-associated adenosine A2b receptor, a G-protein-coupled receptor that induces cAMP accumulation on binding adenosine.	Adenosine	61-70	deleted in colorectal carcinoma	Mus musculus	18-21
11027627-0	2000	Adenosine: A partial agonist of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor.	Adenosine	0-9	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	36-72
11027627-5	2000	GHS-R activation by adenosine and synthetic adenosine agonists is inhibited by the GHS-R selective antagonists L-765,867, D-Lys(3)-GHRP-6, and by theophylline and XAC.	Adenosine	20-29	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	0-5
11027627-5	2000	GHS-R activation by adenosine and synthetic adenosine agonists is inhibited by the GHS-R selective antagonists L-765,867, D-Lys(3)-GHRP-6, and by theophylline and XAC.	Adenosine	20-29	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	83-88
11027627-5	2000	GHS-R activation by adenosine and synthetic adenosine agonists is inhibited by the GHS-R selective antagonists L-765,867, D-Lys(3)-GHRP-6, and by theophylline and XAC.	Adenosine	44-53	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	0-5
11027627-5	2000	GHS-R activation by adenosine and synthetic adenosine agonists is inhibited by the GHS-R selective antagonists L-765,867, D-Lys(3)-GHRP-6, and by theophylline and XAC.	Adenosine	44-53	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	83-88
11027627-6	2000	Cross desensitization of the GHS-R occurs with both MK-0677 and adenosine.	Adenosine	64-73	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	29-34
11027627-8	2000	We propose, that adenosine is a physiologically important endogenous GHS-R ligand and speculate that GHS-R ligands modulate dopamine release from hypothalamic neurons.	Adenosine	17-26	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	69-74
11023991-0	2000	Adenosine inhibits IL-12 and TNF-[alpha] production via adenosine A2a receptor-dependent and independent mechanisms.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	56-78
10979961-1	2000	We studied the role of adenosine (Ado), which is generated from adenine nucleotides via the activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (ecto-5"-NT), in the inhibition of platelet aggregation by endothelial cells (ECs).	Adenosine	23-32	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	104-124
10979961-1	2000	We studied the role of adenosine (Ado), which is generated from adenine nucleotides via the activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (ecto-5"-NT), in the inhibition of platelet aggregation by endothelial cells (ECs).	Adenosine	34-37	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	104-124
10931927-3	2000	In this study, we found that DNA polymerase alpha-primase precisely initiated with adenosine opposite the 3"-side thymidine in the G-rich telomere repeat 5"-(TTAGGG)(n)-3" under rATP-rich conditions.	Adenosine	83-92	DNA polymerase alpha 1, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	29-49
10903345-0	2000	Adenosine formed by 5"-nucleotidase mediates tubuloglomerular feedback.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	20-35
10903345-6	2000	Adenosine activity was manipulated by microperfusing nephrons with adenosine A1 receptor blocker, A1-agonist, or 5"-nucleotidase inhibitor.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	113-128
10903345-11	2000	When adenosine activity was clamped by combining 5"-nucleotidase inhibitor with A1-agonist to determine whether TGF requires adenosine to be present or to fluctuate, the TGF slope was reduced by 83%, indicating that adenosine activity must fluctuate for normal TGF to occur and that adenosine is a mediator of TGF.	Adenosine	5-14	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	49-64
10819858-2	2000	STUDY DESIGN: We measured plasma adenosine levels, the platelet activation markers beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4, and 5"-nucleotidase activity, which catalyzes dephosphorylation from adenosine monophosphate to adenosine, in 34 nonpregnant women and 34 women with normal pregnancies in the third trimester.	Adenosine	196-205	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	131-146
10819858-5	2000	CONCLUSION: The increase of plasma adenosine may be attributed at least in part to platelet activation and an increase of 5"-nucleotidase activity during normal pregnancy.	Adenosine	35-44	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	122-137
10759478-0	2000	Simple and sensitive binding assay for measurement of adenosine using reduced S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase.	Adenosine	54-63	adenosylhomocysteinase	Bos taurus	78-110
10863963-2	2000	However, the effect(s) of adenosine on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF), one of the immunomodulator cells in inflamed periodontal lesions, remains to be established.	Adenosine	26-35	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	67-70
10863963-3	2000	In this study, we examined the influence of adenosine on the production of interleukin (IL)-6 by HGF.	Adenosine	44-53	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	97-100
10863963-4	2000	Ligation of adenosine receptors with adenosine or its related analogue, 2-chloroadenosine (2-CADO), increased IL-6 production by HGF without any other stimuli.	Adenosine	12-21	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	129-132
10863963-5	2000	In addition, adenosine and 2-CADO enhanced the cyclic AMP (cAMP) level in HGF as did prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and forskolin.	Adenosine	13-22	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	74-77
10700389-5	2000	The introduction of AMP (100 microM) through the probe increased markedly the dialysate adenosine to 8.95 +/- 0.86 microM, and this increase was inhibited by ecto-5"-nucleotidase inhibitor, alpha, beta-methyleneadenosine 5"-diphosphate (AOPCP, 100 microM), to 0.66 +/- 0.38 microM.	Adenosine	88-97	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	158-178
10700389-6	2000	Thus, the level of dialysate adenosine is a measure of the ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity in the tissue in situ.	Adenosine	29-38	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	59-79
10719300-6	2000	Both control and transfected cells released beta-hexosaminidase after specific antigen challenge, and this release could be potentiated by exogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	149-158	O-GlcNAcase	Mus musculus	44-63
10647703-4	2000	RESULTS: The adenosine analog potency order is R-N6-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) &gt; 5"-N-ethylcarbosamine adenosine (NECA) &gt; 2-chloroadenosine (2-CA) &gt; S-N6-phenylisopropyladenosine (S-PIA).	Adenosine	13-22	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Homo sapiens	47-76
10686981-0	2000	Adenosine prevents activation of transcription factor NF-kappa B and enhances activator protein-1 binding activity in ischemic rat heart.	Adenosine	0-9	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	78-97
10686981-3	2000	The effects of adenosine on NF-kappa B and AP-1 activation have not been clearly defined.	Adenosine	15-24	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	43-47
10686981-4	2000	This study demonstrated differential effects of adenosine on NF-kappa B and AP-1 nuclear binding activity in ischemic myocardium.	Adenosine	48-57	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	76-80
10686981-13	2000	Adenosine significantly inhibited NK-kappa B binding activity in the nucleus, markedly prevented the loss of I kappa B alpha proteins from the cytoplasm, and concomitantly down-regulated TNF-alpha mRNA expression, but enhanced AP-1 binding activity in the nucleus of ischemic myocardium.	Adenosine	0-9	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	227-231
10686981-15	2000	The cardioprotective properties of adenosine may be involved in the differential modulation of NF-kappa B and AP-1 activation during myocardial ischemia.	Adenosine	35-44	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
10853264-2	2000	Selection in the presence of either the herbicide Basta or the adenosine analogue 2"-deoxyadenosine resulted in transgenic cultures that expressed GUS and accumulated a 41-kD protein that immunoprecipated with an ADA-specific polyclonal antibody.	Adenosine	63-72	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	213-216
10694245-8	2000	The A(2A) receptor antagonist, ZM 241385 (10 nM) as well as adenosine deaminase (ADA, 2 U ml(-1)), prevented the enhancement of field EPSP slope caused by CGRP (30 nM) in the presence of DPCPX (10 nM), suggesting that this effect of CGRP requires the concomitant activation of A(2A) adenosine receptors by endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	60-69	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	155-159
10694245-12	2000	It is concluded that the ability of CGRP to facilitate synaptic transmission in the CA1 area of the hippocampus is under tight control by adenosine, with tonic A(1) receptor activation by endogenous adenosine "braking" the action of CGRP, and the A(2A) receptors triggering this action.	Adenosine	138-147	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
10694245-12	2000	It is concluded that the ability of CGRP to facilitate synaptic transmission in the CA1 area of the hippocampus is under tight control by adenosine, with tonic A(1) receptor activation by endogenous adenosine "braking" the action of CGRP, and the A(2A) receptors triggering this action.	Adenosine	199-208	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
10718633-6	2000	Km values of the small intestinal ADA for adenosine and 2"-deoxyadenosine were 23 and 16 microM, respectively.	Adenosine	42-51	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	34-37
10641864-3	1999	Adenosine, acting through the pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein Gi, was more effective than insulin and could completely inhibit lipolysis.	Adenosine	0-9	insulin	Sus scrofa	94-101
10641864-5	1999	Neutralization of endogenous adenosine with adenosine deaminase decreased basal rates of lipogenesis and increased the insulin response from 30 to 60% above basal.	Adenosine	29-38	insulin	Sus scrofa	119-126
10567326-5	1999	Outcome measurements included troponin I and creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme (until the third postoperative day) levels and the activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase, which contributes to adenosine production and is considered to be a reporter of protein kinase C activation, as assessed in right atrial biopsy samples taken before bypass and at the end of the preconditioning protocol (or after 15 minutes of bypass in control patients).	Adenosine	180-189	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	137-157
10581392-0	1999	Adenosine and behavioral state control: adenosine increases c-Fos protein and AP1 binding in basal forebrain of rats.	Adenosine	40-49	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
10559010-2	1999	3-Deazaadenosine (c(3)Ado), an adenosine analogue, inhibits endothelial-leukocyte adhesion and ICAM-1-expression in vitro.	Adenosine	7-16	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	95-101
10506947-5	1999	In general, 5"-nucleotidase has been considered as a marker enzyme for the plasma membrane, and is considered to be a key enzyme in the generation of adenosine, a potential vasodilator.	Adenosine	150-159	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	12-27
10525427-2	1999	Adenosine inhibits catecholamine-induced increase in contractile function mainly through inhibition of phosphorylation of phospholamban (PLB), the main regulatory protein of Ca(2+)-ATPase in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and during ischemia it reduces calcium (Ca2+) overload.	Adenosine	0-9	phospholamban	Homo sapiens	137-140
10525427-3	1999	In this study we examined the effects of endogenous adenosine on contractile function and metabolism during low-flow ischemia (LFI) and investigated whether endogenous adenosine can alter expression of the Ca(2+)-ATPase/PLB-system and other Ca(2+)-regulatory proteins.	Adenosine	168-177	phospholamban	Homo sapiens	220-223
10422637-0	1999	Tyramine produces interstitial adenosine-mediated activation of ecto-5"-nucleotidase in rat heart in vivo.	Adenosine	31-40	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	64-84
10422637-5	1999	Dialysate adenosine obtained during perfusion with the AMP-containing solution through the probe originated from the hydrolysis of AMP by endogenous ecto-5"-nucleotidase, and the level of adenosine reflected the activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase in the tissue.	Adenosine	10-19	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	149-169
10422637-5	1999	Dialysate adenosine obtained during perfusion with the AMP-containing solution through the probe originated from the hydrolysis of AMP by endogenous ecto-5"-nucleotidase, and the level of adenosine reflected the activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase in the tissue.	Adenosine	188-197	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	224-244
10422637-7	1999	Alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5"-diphosphate (alpha,beta-meADP, 100 microM), an inhibitor of ecto-5"-nucleotidase, abolished the AMP-induced increase in dialysate adenosine.	Adenosine	20-29	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	93-113
10422637-8	1999	Tyramine (1 mM) increased the adenosine concentration measured in the presence of 100 microM AMP (i.e., the activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase) by 65.8 +/- 19.9% (n = 6, P &lt; 0.05), an increase which was inhibited by an antagonist of the alpha1-adrenoceptor (prazosin, 50 microM) or of protein kinase C (chelerythrine, 10 microM).	Adenosine	30-39	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	120-140
10422637-9	1999	These data provide the first evidence that alpha1-adrenoceptor stimulation and the subsequent activation of protein kinase C can increase adenosine concentrations in the interstitial space of ventricular muscle in vivo, through activation of endogenous ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	138-147	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	253-273
10376681-1	1999	The double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminases ADAR1 and ADAR2 convert adenosine (A) residues to inosine (I) in messenger RNA precursors (pre-mRNA).	Adenosine	33-42	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	64-69
10331393-1	1999	The enzyme ADAR2 is a double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase which is involved in the editing of mammalian messenger RNAs by the site-specific conversion of adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	51-60	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	11-16
10382272-4	1999	Dosage experiments on E6 1/2 embryos showed that adenosine was less toxic than 2"-dAdo and that 2"-dAdo in sublethal doses was teratogenic.	Adenosine	49-58	skull morphology 8	Mus musculus	22-28
10187832-4	1999	While OR1 alone was not able to select a specific sequence from the pool of oligonucleotides, the OR1/RXR heterodimer selected a highly conserved DR1 element, termed DR1s, with two AGGTCA motifs spaced by one adenosine.	Adenosine	209-218	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 2	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
10475769-5	1999	We found that ischemic preconditioning activates the enzyme responsible for adenosine release, ie, ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	76-85	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	99-119
10475769-9	1999	Therefore, we suggest that adenosine produced via ecto-5"-nucleotidase gives cardioprotection against ischemia and reperfusion injury.	Adenosine	27-36	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	50-70
10475769-11	1999	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity increased in the blood and the myocardium in patients with chronic heart failure, which may explain the increases in adenosine levels in the plasma and the myocardium.	Adenosine	147-156	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-20
10101031-6	1999	Stimulation of HMC-1 with the stable adenosine analog NECA (5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine) activated p21(ras) and both p42 and p44 isoforms of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK).	Adenosine	37-46	interferon induced protein 44	Homo sapiens	128-131
10066908-0	1999	Adenosine inhibits the transfected Na+-H+ exchanger NHE3 in Xenopus laevis renal epithelial cells (A6/C1).	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
10037784-1	1999	Double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase (ADAR1, dsRAD, DRADA) converts adenosines to inosines in double-stranded RNAs.	Adenosine	71-81	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	41-46
10037784-1	1999	Double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase (ADAR1, dsRAD, DRADA) converts adenosines to inosines in double-stranded RNAs.	Adenosine	71-81	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	48-53
9806332-6	1998	With this system, the dialysate adenosine originates from the dephosphorylation of AMP, catalyzed by endogenous ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	32-41	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	112-132
9806332-7	1998	The level of dialysate adenosine is a measure of the ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity in vivo.	Adenosine	23-32	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	53-73
9755225-10	1998	Basolateral administration of purinergic agonists induced a weaker activation of NHE, which was instead strongly stimulated by adenosine and by adenosine receptor agonists (NECA = R-PIA = S-PIA).	Adenosine	127-136	solute carrier family 9 member C1	Homo sapiens	81-84
9618232-1	1998	It has been suggested that adenosine cardioprotection occurs via adenosine A1 receptor-mediated activation of protein kinase C (PKC).	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine A1 receptor	Canis lupus familiaris	65-86
9580599-6	1998	Inhibition of 5"-nucleotidase by alpha, beta-methylene ADP dose-dependently decreased adenosine levels under basal as well as NMDA-stimulated conditions.	Adenosine	86-95	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	14-29
9614652-1	1998	ADAR1 and ADAR2 are members of a family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA.	Adenosine	83-92	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	10-15
9528763-3	1998	In vitro, the enzymes ADAR1 and ADAR2 deaminate adenosines within many different sequences of base-paired RNA.	Adenosine	48-58	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	32-37
9600650-0	1998	Synergistic effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide on adenosine-induced vasodepression in rats.	Adenosine	57-66	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	22-53
9600650-1	1998	The action of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on the vasodepressor response to adenosine was investigated in anesthetized rats.	Adenosine	86-95	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	14-45
9600650-1	1998	The action of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on the vasodepressor response to adenosine was investigated in anesthetized rats.	Adenosine	86-95	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	47-51
9600650-8	1998	The result indicates that the enhancement of the adenosine-induced vasodepression by CGRP, like that elicited by cromakalim, seems to be mediated at least partly through ATP-sensitive K+ channel activation.	Adenosine	49-58	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	85-89
9553767-3	1998	As an enzyme that produces adenosine, CD73 can also regulate adenosine receptor engagement in many tissues.	Adenosine	27-36	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	38-42
9802962-7	1998	Antigen-induced mediator release (beta-hexosaminidase and [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine) was increased by APNEA, an adenosine A3 receptor agonist (EC50 approximately 20 nm) but inhibited by EHNA and 5-IT, despite increased adenosine levels.	Adenosine	110-119	O-GlcNAcase	Rattus norvegicus	34-53
9464280-0	1998	Inhibitory effect of adenosine on degranulation of human cultured mast cells upon cross-linking of Fc epsilon RI.	Adenosine	21-30	Fc epsilon receptor Ia	Homo sapiens	99-112
9464280-4	1998	Adenosine inhibited Fc epsilon RI-mediated tryptase release from HCMC in a dose-dependent manner, and this inhibitory effect was completely blocked by the A2a receptor antagonist ZM241385.	Adenosine	0-9	Fc epsilon receptor Ia	Homo sapiens	20-33
9464280-7	1998	These results suggest that adenosine acts via A2 receptors to inhibit Fc epsilon RI-mediated mediator release from human mast cells.	Adenosine	27-36	Fc epsilon receptor Ia	Homo sapiens	70-83
9474765-1	1998	Arrhenius plots of the interactions of bovine adenosine deaminase (ADA) and of coformycin-inhibited ADA with adenosine are non-linear and reveal that coformycin significantly increases the activation energy for reaction only at temperatures well below the normal operating temperature of the enzyme (38.3 degrees C).	Adenosine	46-55	adenosine deaminase	Bos taurus	67-70
9453019-3	1998	We have investigated the putative relationships between cyclosporine A (CsA) and adenosine (ADO) metabolism in kidney transplant recipients (KTR).	Adenosine	81-90	ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	72-75
9453019-7	1998	In CsA-treated KTR, CsA and ADO plasma levels were significantly correlated (Spearman"s, r = 0.8, P = 1.9 x 10(-3)).	Adenosine	28-31	ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	3-6
9453019-11	1998	We also investigated the action of CsA on ADO plasma degradation and uptake by erythrocytes in vitro.	Adenosine	42-45	ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	35-38
9453019-14	1998	We conclude that ADO plasma levels are significantly elevated and correlate with CsA blood level in CsA-treated KTR, and that these high levels are due to CsA inhibition of ADO uptake by red cells.	Adenosine	17-20	ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	81-84
9453019-14	1998	We conclude that ADO plasma levels are significantly elevated and correlate with CsA blood level in CsA-treated KTR, and that these high levels are due to CsA inhibition of ADO uptake by red cells.	Adenosine	17-20	ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	100-103
9453019-14	1998	We conclude that ADO plasma levels are significantly elevated and correlate with CsA blood level in CsA-treated KTR, and that these high levels are due to CsA inhibition of ADO uptake by red cells.	Adenosine	17-20	ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	100-103
9453019-14	1998	We conclude that ADO plasma levels are significantly elevated and correlate with CsA blood level in CsA-treated KTR, and that these high levels are due to CsA inhibition of ADO uptake by red cells.	Adenosine	173-176	ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	100-103
9453019-14	1998	We conclude that ADO plasma levels are significantly elevated and correlate with CsA blood level in CsA-treated KTR, and that these high levels are due to CsA inhibition of ADO uptake by red cells.	Adenosine	173-176	ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	100-103
9453019-15	1998	Since ADO and metabolites have well known immunosuppressive and vascular effects, ADO is likely to participate in the immune defect and in the vasoconstriction induced by CsA.	Adenosine	6-9	ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	171-174
9453019-15	1998	Since ADO and metabolites have well known immunosuppressive and vascular effects, ADO is likely to participate in the immune defect and in the vasoconstriction induced by CsA.	Adenosine	82-85	ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	171-174
9851317-7	1998	These results demonstrate that EGF, via the control of 5"-nucleotidase and aminopeptidase N, which are implied in adenosine formation and peptide processing, respectively, could play a role in human cultured mesangial cell contractility and proliferation.	Adenosine	114-123	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	55-70
9851317-7	1998	These results demonstrate that EGF, via the control of 5"-nucleotidase and aminopeptidase N, which are implied in adenosine formation and peptide processing, respectively, could play a role in human cultured mesangial cell contractility and proliferation.	Adenosine	114-123	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	75-91
9585135-5	1998	In rat adipocytes, which represent the physiological target cells of insulin, receptor-mediated activation of GTP-binding protein by adenosine and prostaglandin E2 potentiated the insulin-induced PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 accumulation.	Adenosine	133-142	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	69-86
9421303-5	1997	Adenosine, NECA, CPA and R-PIA all elicited relaxant responses in tissues precontracted with phenylephrine (1 microM) with the following potency order: NECA &gt; R-PIA &gt; adenosine = CPA.	Adenosine	173-182	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Rattus norvegicus	25-30
9315551-7	1997	CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the inhibition of NO synthesis increases both adenosine production and ecto5"-nucleotidase activity through the activation of PKC and that NO modulates ecto-5"-nucleotidase via cGMP-independent mechanisms.	Adenosine	87-96	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	193-213
9285946-2	1997	This activation occurs concomitantly with the activation of the low-Km adenosine 3":5"-cyclic phosphate phosphodiesterase (PDE), which appears to be coregulated with CaM.	Adenosine	71-80	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	166-169
9272950-6	1997	Severe disturbances in purine metabolism were observed in gestation sites lacking decidual ADA, including the accumulation of the potentially toxic ADA substrates adenosine and 2"-deoxyadenosine.	Adenosine	163-172	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	148-151
9177254-10	1997	The data indicate that A1AR activation by endogenous adenosine affords protection during ischemia, but that the response is limited by A1AR number in murine myocardium.	Adenosine	53-62	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	23-27
9284543-2	1997	Nonspecific phosphatases were paralleled in blood serum by specific enzyme ATPase which is capable of dephosphorylating exogenous ATP in cooperation with other serum nucleotidases ultimately to adenosine.	Adenosine	194-203	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	75-81
9169488-10	1997	An inhibitor of the ecto-5"-nucleotidase CD73, alpha, beta-methylene ADP (AOPCP), inhibited epithelial Cl- secretory responses to 5"-AMP, but not to authentic adenosine.	Adenosine	159-168	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	41-45
9169488-19	1997	CD73 likely participates in translating paracrine, PMN-derived 5"-AMP signals to the authentic effector adenosine.	Adenosine	104-113	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
9149227-2	1997	Site-specific deamination of adenosine to inosine alters the codon at the Q/R site in GluR-B rendering the heteromeric receptor impermeable to Ca2+ ions.	Adenosine	29-38	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Homo sapiens	86-92
9113412-6	1997	CD73 generated adenosine functions in cell signalling in many physiologic systems, including intestinal epithelium, ischemic myocardium, and cholinergic synapses.	Adenosine	15-24	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
9113412-7	1997	The hypothesis that CD73 produces adenosine that is important for T cell development is presented.	Adenosine	34-43	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	20-24
9096253-0	1997	Adenosine and its receptor agonists potentiate nitric oxide synthase expression induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages.	Adenosine	0-9	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	47-68
9096253-1	1997	The effect of adenosine and its agonists on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and the production of nitrite induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells were investigated.	Adenosine	14-23	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	44-65
8906810-11	1996	These results document a novel pathway in human lymphocytes leading from CD38 ligation to CD73 expression, which may result in the rapid acquisition of new functions, including increased purine salvage, increased sensitivity to Ag-induced activation, and the generation of adenosine (Ado) for Ado receptor signaling.	Adenosine	273-282	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	90-94
8906810-11	1996	These results document a novel pathway in human lymphocytes leading from CD38 ligation to CD73 expression, which may result in the rapid acquisition of new functions, including increased purine salvage, increased sensitivity to Ag-induced activation, and the generation of adenosine (Ado) for Ado receptor signaling.	Adenosine	284-287	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	90-94
8945937-1	1996	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative contributions of AMP-specific cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase and ecto-5"-nucleotidase to cardiac adenosine production and its regulation by ADP and Mg2+.	Adenosine	147-156	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Canis lupus familiaris	95-110
8945937-1	1996	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative contributions of AMP-specific cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase and ecto-5"-nucleotidase to cardiac adenosine production and its regulation by ADP and Mg2+.	Adenosine	147-156	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Canis lupus familiaris	120-135
8945937-6	1996	Total adenosine production in unfractionated samples of ventricular homogenates decreased an average of 73% by specific inhibition of cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase, using antibodies against the cytosolic enzyme, and 46% by specific inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase with alpha, beta-methylene adenosine 5"-diphosphate (AOPCP).	Adenosine	6-15	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Canis lupus familiaris	144-159
8945937-6	1996	Total adenosine production in unfractionated samples of ventricular homogenates decreased an average of 73% by specific inhibition of cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase, using antibodies against the cytosolic enzyme, and 46% by specific inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase with alpha, beta-methylene adenosine 5"-diphosphate (AOPCP).	Adenosine	6-15	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Canis lupus familiaris	247-262
8945937-7	1996	These findings support the hypotheses that 1) both cytosolic and ecto-5"-nucleotidase contribute to cardiac adenosine production in dog heart homogenates; 2) AMP-specific cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase activity exceeds ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity at physiological concentrations of ADP, AMP, and Mg2+; and 3) Mg2+ is an important regulator of cardiac adenosine production via activation of both ecto- and AMP-specific cytosolic 5"-nucleotidases.	Adenosine	108-117	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Canis lupus familiaris	70-85
8945937-7	1996	These findings support the hypotheses that 1) both cytosolic and ecto-5"-nucleotidase contribute to cardiac adenosine production in dog heart homogenates; 2) AMP-specific cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase activity exceeds ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity at physiological concentrations of ADP, AMP, and Mg2+; and 3) Mg2+ is an important regulator of cardiac adenosine production via activation of both ecto- and AMP-specific cytosolic 5"-nucleotidases.	Adenosine	348-357	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Canis lupus familiaris	181-196
8945937-7	1996	These findings support the hypotheses that 1) both cytosolic and ecto-5"-nucleotidase contribute to cardiac adenosine production in dog heart homogenates; 2) AMP-specific cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase activity exceeds ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity at physiological concentrations of ADP, AMP, and Mg2+; and 3) Mg2+ is an important regulator of cardiac adenosine production via activation of both ecto- and AMP-specific cytosolic 5"-nucleotidases.	Adenosine	348-357	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Canis lupus familiaris	181-196
8897990-5	1996	Stimulation of the receptor with metabolically stable adenosine analogues causes a large increase of red cell adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and subsequent activation of red cell CAII and 2,3-DPG production in definitive red blood cells and of CAII synthesis in primitive red blood cells.	Adenosine	54-63	carbonic anhydrase 2	Gallus gallus	192-196
8897990-5	1996	Stimulation of the receptor with metabolically stable adenosine analogues causes a large increase of red cell adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and subsequent activation of red cell CAII and 2,3-DPG production in definitive red blood cells and of CAII synthesis in primitive red blood cells.	Adenosine	54-63	carbonic anhydrase 2	Gallus gallus	257-261
8853335-2	1996	Using pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs, we tested the hypothesis that increased activity of 5"-nucleotidase (5"-NT), the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of adenosine from AMP, may play a role.	Adenosine	159-168	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Canis lupus familiaris	91-106
8856488-2	1996	The purpose of our study was to test the hypothesis that the adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine increases renin release in part by disabling the central nervous system (CNS) adenosine brake on renin release.	Adenosine	61-70	renin	Rattus norvegicus	197-202
8856488-21	1996	These data strongly support the hypothesis of a CNS adenosine brake on renin release that is disabled by caffeine.	Adenosine	52-61	renin	Rattus norvegicus	71-76
8828594-2	1996	It has previously been found, by measuring the binding of a glial marker ligand, that analogues of adenosine, such as R-N6-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA), can prevent kainate-induced damage of the hippocampus at doses as low as 10 micrograms/kg, i.p.	Adenosine	99-108	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Rattus norvegicus	118-154
8645720-15	1996	A simplified model of compartmentalized adenosine metabolism is proposed in which magnesium ion-activated cardiac purine release originates predominantly from the ecto 5"-nucleotidase; magnesium ion stimulation of metabolic flux through the cytosolic isoforms was constrained by concomitant reductions in intracellular AMP substrate and allosteric activator ADP.	Adenosine	40-49	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	163-183
8645720-16	1996	Magnesium ion-enhanced adenosine formation by 5"-nucleotidase could contribute to the known cardioprotective effects of this clinically used cation.	Adenosine	23-32	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	46-61
8710180-3	1996	Hence, male albino rats were deprived of REMS by the flower pot technique and the activity of 5"-nucleotidase, an enzyme responsible for adenosine synthesis, was estimated in the cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem.	Adenosine	137-146	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	94-109
8596047-6	1996	Elimination of extracellular adenosine by addition of adenosine deaminase or inhibition of adenosine by the adenosine A2 receptor antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX) completely reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of sulfasalazine (at concentrations &lt;1 microM in this in vitro model.	Adenosine	29-38	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	54-73
8634299-1	1996	Mouse adenosine deaminase (ADA) contains an active site glutamate residue at position-217 that is highly conserved in other adenosine and AMP deaminases.	Adenosine	6-15	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	27-30
8717492-3	1996	Since AMPDA competes with 5"-nucleotidase for AMP, it is responsible for regulation of a physiologically important active product of purine nucleotide metabolism, such as adenosine.	Adenosine	171-180	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	26-41
8720485-4	1996	Adenosine (1 mu M) facilitated the current through both P2x1- and P2x2-purinoceptor channels.	Adenosine	0-9	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
9009712-7	1996	When ecto-5"-nucleotidase is not available (e.g. in cholinergic nerve terminals of the cerebral cortex) ATP as such exerts the neuromodulatory role normally fulfilled by adenosine.	Adenosine	170-179	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	5-25
8742465-2	1995	The final hydrolysis step from AMP to adenosine is catalysed by 5"-nucleotidase, a GPI-anchored surface protein.	Adenosine	38-47	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	64-79
8595611-8	1995	The A1 adenosine receptor antagonist, CPDPX (8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dypropylxanthine), reversed the effects of adenosine and an A1 receptor agonist, R-PIA [R(-)N(6)-(2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine] had effects similar to adenosine.	Adenosine	106-115	adenosine receptor A1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	4-25
8596196-7	1995	Adenosine release was consistent with ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	38-58
8778740-6	1995	However, in most cases the inhibitory effect of this adenine nucleotide depends upon its hydrolysis into adenosine by a cascade of ectoenzymes, the last step being mediated by ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	105-114	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	176-196
7485531-7	1995	This study clearly demonstrates that endogenous adenosine acts on the A1 receptor to restrain the renin release induced by activation of intrarenal beta-adrenoceptors and is not counteracted by endogenous activation of the A2 receptor.	Adenosine	48-57	renin	Rattus norvegicus	98-103
7673697-4	1995	Elimination of endogenous adenosine with adenosine deaminase (ADA) markedly suppressed IL-2-dependent proliferation of these cells.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	41-60
7489523-3	1995	The low abundance U12 snRNA has been proposed to base pair with the predicted branch site sequence of these minor class introns, probably bulging out an adenosine to act as the nucleophile in the first step of splicing.	Adenosine	153-162	RNA, U12 small nuclear 2, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	18-21
7626064-4	1995	Comparison of the sequences of actin and the protein components of nucleosome suggests that H2A may contain an adenosine binding site similar to the adenosine motif of actin, H1 and/or H2B phosphate/Ca2+ binding sites corresponding to the phosphate 1 motif of actin, HMG17 a phosphate/Ca2+ binding site corresponding to the phosphate 2 motif of actin.	Adenosine	111-120	H2A clustered histone 18	Homo sapiens	92-95
7626064-4	1995	Comparison of the sequences of actin and the protein components of nucleosome suggests that H2A may contain an adenosine binding site similar to the adenosine motif of actin, H1 and/or H2B phosphate/Ca2+ binding sites corresponding to the phosphate 1 motif of actin, HMG17 a phosphate/Ca2+ binding site corresponding to the phosphate 2 motif of actin.	Adenosine	149-158	H2A clustered histone 18	Homo sapiens	92-95
7729503-3	1995	Adenosine agonists increased 5"-nucleotidase activity via A2 receptor stimulation.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	29-44
7756556-1	1995	The time course of most quantal currents recorded with a small diameter electrode placed over visualized varicosities of sympathetic nerve terminals that secrete ATP was determined: these had a time to reach 90% of peak of 1.3-1.8 ms and a time constant of decay of 12-18 ms; they were unaffected by blocking ectoenzymes or the uptake of adenosine.	Adenosine	338-347	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8A2	Homo sapiens	162-165
7722212-1	1995	The purpose of this study was to determine the interactions of the renin-angiotensin system with adenosine and glutamate in the area postrema (AP) of rats.	Adenosine	97-106	renin	Rattus norvegicus	67-72
7722212-7	1995	In conclusion, the endogenous adenosine and glutamate may influence the renin-angiotensin system on cardiovascular responses in the AP of rats.	Adenosine	30-39	renin	Rattus norvegicus	72-77
8032638-20	1994	In patch-clamp experiments, ADO (1 mM) induced an outwardly-rectified whole-cell Cl- current (baseline, 2.5 +/- 0.8 pA pF-1, + ADO, 78.4 +/- 23.8 pA pF-1; P &lt; 0.02), which was largely inhibited in cells internally perfused with a selective inhibitory peptide of the multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, CaMK [273-302] (20 microM), as compared to a control peptide, CaMK [284-302].	Adenosine	28-31	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV	Homo sapiens	327-331
8032638-20	1994	In patch-clamp experiments, ADO (1 mM) induced an outwardly-rectified whole-cell Cl- current (baseline, 2.5 +/- 0.8 pA pF-1, + ADO, 78.4 +/- 23.8 pA pF-1; P &lt; 0.02), which was largely inhibited in cells internally perfused with a selective inhibitory peptide of the multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, CaMK [273-302] (20 microM), as compared to a control peptide, CaMK [284-302].	Adenosine	28-31	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV	Homo sapiens	389-393
8161458-2	1994	When ATPi closed KATP channels, activators of endogenous G proteins, GTP (plus adenosine or acetylcholine), GTP gamma S, or AlF-4 stimulated channels, an effect prevented by GDP beta S.	Adenosine	79-88	ATP synthase inhibitory factor subunit 1	Homo sapiens	5-9
8041512-0	1994	Adenosine enhances intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in conjunction with metabotropic glutamate receptor activation by t-ACPD in cultured hippocampal astrocytes.	Adenosine	0-9	homer scaffold protein 2	Homo sapiens	119-123
7913789-2	1994	The results show that: Thrombin (0.5 U/ml) and ADP (50 mumol/L) stimulate actin polymerization in pig platelets: Adenosine, 5"-chloro-5"-deoxyadenosine, 2"-deoxyadenosine strongly inhibit thrombin- and/or ADP-induced actin polymerization.	Adenosine	113-122	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Sus scrofa	23-31
7913789-3	1994	Adenosine and 5"-chloro-5"-deoxyadenosine strongly inhibit the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol in dose-dependent manner, and adenosine reverses the formation of thrombin-stimulated inositol bisphosphate, which has proved to promote the polymerization of actin in saponin-permeated platelets.	Adenosine	0-9	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Sus scrofa	169-177
7913789-3	1994	Adenosine and 5"-chloro-5"-deoxyadenosine strongly inhibit the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol in dose-dependent manner, and adenosine reverses the formation of thrombin-stimulated inositol bisphosphate, which has proved to promote the polymerization of actin in saponin-permeated platelets.	Adenosine	32-41	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Sus scrofa	169-177
8004402-18	1994	The results suggest that the facilitatory effect of CGRP on evoked [3H]-ACh release from rat phrenic motor nerve endings depends on the presence of endogenous adenosine which tonically activates A2a-adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	159-168	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
7749592-0	1994	Influence of adenosine or adrenergic agonists on growth hormone stimulated lipolysis by chicken adipose tissue in vitro.	Adenosine	13-22	growth hormone	Gallus gallus	49-63
8258836-6	1993	The corresponding adenosine analogues, i.e., 2-aza-3-deazaadenosine (6a) and 2,8-diaza-3-deazaadenosine (6b), were very slowly reacting substrates and weak inhibitors of bovine adenosine deaminase, whereas the inosine analogues were highly resistant to human purine nucleoside phosphorylase.	Adenosine	18-27	adenosine deaminase	Bos taurus	177-196
7510010-2	1993	Like 5"-nucleotidase (which hydrolyzes 5"-adenosine monophosphate to adenosine), and adenylate cyclase (which converts adenosine triphosphate to cyclic AMP), guanylate cyclase selectively stains positive for lymphatic capillaries and therefore may be another useful histochemical marker to differentiate dermal lymph from blood capillaries.	Adenosine	42-51	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	5-20
8228257-9	1993	Inhibition of epithelial apical membrane ecto-5"-nucleotidase ablated the conversion to adenosine.	Adenosine	88-97	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	41-61
8405420-0	1993	Adenosine stimulates 5"-nucleotidase activity in rat mesangial cells via A2 receptors.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	21-36
8405420-7	1993	Exposure of cells for 48 h to adenosine analogs showed that at low concentrations A2 analogs stimulated 5"-nucleotidase activity.	Adenosine	30-39	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	104-119
8405420-8	1993	These results indicate that adenosine upregulates activity of 5"-nucleotidase, the enzyme responsible for its local formation, via A2 receptor stimulation and increase in cAMP production.	Adenosine	28-37	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	62-77
8186402-2	1993	One such enzyme is ecto-5"-nucleotidase, which is responsible for adenosine production during coronary hyperemic flow.	Adenosine	66-75	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Canis lupus familiaris	24-39
8186402-9	1993	Thus, we conclude that superoxide dismutase enhances reactive hyperemic flow and adenosine release during reperfusion following ischemia, which may be attributable to the protection of ecto-5"-nucleotidase by superoxide dismutase during ischemia and reperfusion.	Adenosine	81-90	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Canis lupus familiaris	190-205
8255734-4	1993	Removal of ecto-5"-nucleotidase inhibition shows that the catabolism of adenine nucleotides released during stimulation contributes in about 50% to the amount of endogenous extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	187-196	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	11-31
8255734-6	1993	It is concluded that the concentration of endogenous extracellular adenosine is under the control of the relative activities of exo-AMP deaminase and ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	67-76	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	150-170
8330191-1	1993	The role of adenosine as a metabolic regulator of physiological processes in the brain was studied by measuring its concentrations and the activity of adenosine-metabolizing enzymes: 5"-nucleotidase, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase in the cerebral cortex of the rat.	Adenosine	12-21	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	183-198
8498566-1	1993	The major enzyme responsible for adenosine production during myocardial hypoxia or ischemia is 5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	33-42	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Canis lupus familiaris	95-110
8498566-10	1993	These data suggest that the regulation of AMP-specific cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase by adenine nucleotides and free Mg2+ may be important in the production of adenosine during conditions promoting ATP hydrolysis, such as myocardial hypoxia or ischemia.	Adenosine	156-165	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Canis lupus familiaris	65-80
8261102-1	1993	The adenosine-producing ectoenzyme 5"-nucleotidase has recently been shown to undergo a marked redistribution during development of the cat visual cortex and to be involved in the remodelling of ocular dominance columns (Schoen et al., J. Comp.	Adenosine	4-13	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	35-50
8458019-0	1993	Homologous sensitisation of embryonic chick atrial myocytes to adenosine: mediation by adenosine A1 receptor and guanine nucleotide binding protein.	Adenosine	63-72	adenosine A1 receptor	Gallus gallus	87-108
8458019-4	1993	RESULTS: Removal of adenosine from the culture medium with adenosine deaminase resulted in an enhanced ability of the adenosine A1 receptor agonist R-N6-(2-phenylisopropyl)-adenosine to exert a direct, negative inotropic effect and to inhibit isoprenaline stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity.	Adenosine	20-29	adenosine A1 receptor	Gallus gallus	118-139
1525161-5	1992	A similar value for the dissociation rate constant (0.005 s-1) for (+)-EHNA.ADA was calculated from the time course for the appearance of catalytic activity after dilution of (+)-EHNA.ADA into 100 microM adenosine.	Adenosine	204-213	adenosine deaminase	Bos taurus	76-79
1525161-5	1992	A similar value for the dissociation rate constant (0.005 s-1) for (+)-EHNA.ADA was calculated from the time course for the appearance of catalytic activity after dilution of (+)-EHNA.ADA into 100 microM adenosine.	Adenosine	204-213	adenosine deaminase	Bos taurus	184-187
1429020-10	1992	Adenosine, the product of 5"-nucleotidase, could play a role in the reabsorption process by its vasodilatatory effect on dural and epidural vessels.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	26-41
1325999-6	1992	Radioactivity accumulation was decreased by dipyridamole and by inhibitors of phosphodiesterases and ecto-5"-nucleotidase, assessing the existence of stepwise hydrolysis of extracellular cAMP and intracellular processing of taken up adenosine.	Adenosine	233-242	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	101-121
1401250-1	1992	The distribution of the adenosine-producing ectoenzyme 5"-nucleotidase was studied by means of a histochemical lead technique in the caudoputamen of normal adult rats and of rats in which injections either of 6-hydroxydopamine in the medial forebrain bundle or of ibotenic acid in the caudoputamen had been made 1-3 weeks previously.	Adenosine	24-33	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	55-70
1644842-4	1992	Our experiments clearly show that under native conditions adenosine 100 (A100) of lupin 5 S rRNA is not available for reaction toward these reagents.	Adenosine	58-67	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IIIA	Homo sapiens	82-87
1421525-0	1992	Adenosine levels in the postimplantation mouse uterus: quantitation by HPLC-fluorometric detection and spatiotemporal regulation by 5"-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	152-171
1421525-2	1992	The present study has determined the endogenous levels of adenosine in the pregnant mouse uterus and developing embryo-decidual unit with respect to the expression of two key enzymes of adenosine metabolism, 5"-nucleotidase (5"-NT; EC 3.1.3.5) and adenosine deaminase (ADA; EC 3.5.4.4).	Adenosine	58-67	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	248-267
1421525-2	1992	The present study has determined the endogenous levels of adenosine in the pregnant mouse uterus and developing embryo-decidual unit with respect to the expression of two key enzymes of adenosine metabolism, 5"-nucleotidase (5"-NT; EC 3.1.3.5) and adenosine deaminase (ADA; EC 3.5.4.4).	Adenosine	58-67	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	269-272
1421525-10	1992	The sharp drop in adenosine levels between day 6 and day 7 coincided with a rise in the activity and mRNA expression of ADA, an enzyme which catalyzes the irreversible deamination of adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	18-27	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	120-123
1421525-10	1992	The sharp drop in adenosine levels between day 6 and day 7 coincided with a rise in the activity and mRNA expression of ADA, an enzyme which catalyzes the irreversible deamination of adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	183-192	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	120-123
1421525-12	1992	Results of developmental Northern blot analysis demonstrated a direct correlation of relative 5"-NT/ADA mRNA band intensity to adenosine content between day 4 and day 9 of gestation, suggesting that the local availability of adenosine in the antimesometrium is dependent upon the distribution of these enzymatic activities.	Adenosine	127-136	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	100-103
1421525-12	1992	Results of developmental Northern blot analysis demonstrated a direct correlation of relative 5"-NT/ADA mRNA band intensity to adenosine content between day 4 and day 9 of gestation, suggesting that the local availability of adenosine in the antimesometrium is dependent upon the distribution of these enzymatic activities.	Adenosine	225-234	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	100-103
1318110-12	1992	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity results in the production of adenosine, which acts on mesangial cells through A1 and A2 receptors.	Adenosine	59-68	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-20
2015827-2	1991	A preliminary study of adenosine binding to phosphoglycerate kinase was made in order to be sure of the nature of the adenine site.	Adenosine	23-32	phosphoglycerate kinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	44-67
1846740-11	1991	We conclude that the soluble "low-Km" 5"-nucleotidase is not a cytosolic enzyme, but that it most probably originates from the solubilization of the ecto-5"-nucleotidase, and that it therefore cannot participate in the intracellular production of adenosine.	Adenosine	247-256	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	38-53
1828236-6	1991	The adenosine agonists, L-PIA (a preferentially A-1 adenosine agonist) and NECA (an A-1 and A-2 adenosine agonist with above 10-fold greater affinity for A-2 than L-PIA) inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the effect of bromocriptine, NECA being above ten times more potent than L-PIA.	Adenosine	4-13	G protein-coupled receptor 162	Mus musculus	92-95
1828236-6	1991	The adenosine agonists, L-PIA (a preferentially A-1 adenosine agonist) and NECA (an A-1 and A-2 adenosine agonist with above 10-fold greater affinity for A-2 than L-PIA) inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the effect of bromocriptine, NECA being above ten times more potent than L-PIA.	Adenosine	4-13	G protein-coupled receptor 162	Mus musculus	154-157
12106218-5	1991	Inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase by alpha,beta-methylene ADP and GMP decreased basal and stimulated efflux of adenosine in the cerebellum by 50 - 60%, indicating that a significant proportion of adenosine was derived from the extracellular metabolism of released nucleotides.	Adenosine	112-121	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	14-34
12106218-5	1991	Inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase by alpha,beta-methylene ADP and GMP decreased basal and stimulated efflux of adenosine in the cerebellum by 50 - 60%, indicating that a significant proportion of adenosine was derived from the extracellular metabolism of released nucleotides.	Adenosine	197-206	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	14-34
1898656-8	1991	alpha, beta-Methyleneadenosine 5"-diphosphate (AMPCP, 2.5 mM), an inhibitor of membranous ecto-5"-nucleotidase, profoundly inhibited endogenous adenosine accumulation under all conditions.	Adenosine	21-30	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	90-110
1725275-3	1991	Adenosine (ADO) and its analogues N-ethyl-carboxamide-adenosine (NECA) and R-phenyl-isopropyladenosine (R-PIA), dose-dependently enhanced antigen-induced bronchoconstriction.	Adenosine	0-9	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Rattus norvegicus	75-109
1725275-3	1991	Adenosine (ADO) and its analogues N-ethyl-carboxamide-adenosine (NECA) and R-phenyl-isopropyladenosine (R-PIA), dose-dependently enhanced antigen-induced bronchoconstriction.	Adenosine	11-14	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Rattus norvegicus	75-109
2246976-6	1990	5"-Nucleotidase activity was approximately 40% higher in membranes from SHR than WKy (P less than .001), indicating that adipocytes from SHR have a higher capacity for adenosine production.	Adenosine	168-177	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	0-15
2388614-2	1990	This modification arises by enzymatic transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to the central adenosine residue in the canonical sequence G/AAC.	Adenosine	106-115	glycine N-acyltransferase	Bos taurus	152-155
2165999-11	1990	Therefore, macrophages, via their products of secretion acting on 5"-nucleotidase, could modulate adenosine production in the glomerular capillaries.	Adenosine	98-107	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	66-81
2360900-6	1990	This pathway does not provide, however, any measurable contribution to the formation of hypoxanthine, because the adenosine formed is rephosphorylated via adenosine kinase almost completely.	Adenosine	114-123	adenosine kinase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	155-171
2352651-9	1990	Decreasing the levels of endogenous adenosine by increasing the concentration of adenosine deaminase and adding the 5"-nucleotidase inhibitor alpha-beta-methylene adenosine-5"-diphosphate gave an increase in [3H]8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine binding and diminished the response to GTP.	Adenosine	36-45	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	116-131
2993513-5	1985	In the presence of alpha,beta-methylene ADP and GMP, which inhibit ecto-5"-nucleotidase, conversion of added ATP and AMP to adenosine was inhibited by 90% in synaptosomal suspensions.	Adenosine	124-133	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	67-87
2993513-6	1985	However, inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase only reduced basal extrasynaptosomal accumulation of adenosine by 74%, veratridine-evoked accumulation of adenosine by 46%, and K+-evoked accumulation by 33%.	Adenosine	97-106	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	23-43
2993513-6	1985	However, inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase only reduced basal extrasynaptosomal accumulation of adenosine by 74%, veratridine-evoked accumulation of adenosine by 46%, and K+-evoked accumulation by 33%.	Adenosine	150-159	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	23-43
33944898-11	2021	Deletion of RASGRP2 impaired functional responses to adenosine 5"-diphosphate (ADP), thrombin, and collagen receptor agonists.	Adenosine	53-62	RAS guanyl releasing protein 2	Homo sapiens	12-19
33790022-3	2021	Through a pooled in vivo short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screen, we identified the adenosine triphosphatase associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA-ATPase) valosin-containing protein (VCP) as a top stress-related vulnerability in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).	Adenosine	77-86	valosin containing protein	Homo sapiens	159-185
33790022-3	2021	Through a pooled in vivo short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screen, we identified the adenosine triphosphatase associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA-ATPase) valosin-containing protein (VCP) as a top stress-related vulnerability in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).	Adenosine	77-86	valosin containing protein	Homo sapiens	187-190
33806201-6	2021	OT downregulates the phosphorylated component of a transcription factor adenosine-3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB), whose action is blocked by OTR antagonist and pertussis toxin, a specific inhibitor of the inhibitory GTP-binding regulators of adenylate cyclase, Gi.	Adenosine	72-81	oxytocin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	184-187
23770243-5	2013	Plasma membrane ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 CD39 and ecto-5"-nucleotidase CD73 hydrolyze ATP to adenosine, which induces CSR in B cells in an autonomous fashion.	Adenosine	117-126	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	74-94
23770243-5	2013	Plasma membrane ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 CD39 and ecto-5"-nucleotidase CD73 hydrolyze ATP to adenosine, which induces CSR in B cells in an autonomous fashion.	Adenosine	117-126	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	95-99
23770243-6	2013	Notably, CVID patients with impaired class-switched antibody responses are selectively deficient in CD73 expression in B cells, suggesting that CD73-dependent adenosine generation contributes to the pathogenesis of this disease.	Adenosine	159-168	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	100-104
23770243-6	2013	Notably, CVID patients with impaired class-switched antibody responses are selectively deficient in CD73 expression in B cells, suggesting that CD73-dependent adenosine generation contributes to the pathogenesis of this disease.	Adenosine	159-168	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	144-148
34854518-1	2022	Akt is usually considered to be a negative regulator of both autophagy and adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling.	Adenosine	75-84	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	134-138
34494384-2	2022	Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a central regulator of cell metabolism; its activation has been suggested as a therapeutic approach to NASH.	Adenosine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	50-54
34879473-4	2022	Given that metformin acts on multiple intracellular signaling pathways, including adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, and that AMPK and its downstream intracellular signaling control the activation and differentiation of T and B cells and inflammatory responses, metformin may exert immunomodulatory and anti- inflammatory effects.	Adenosine	82-91	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	138-142
34751447-7	2022	Among the newly synthesized NAE, Delta4-NAE-22:5n-6 shows the greatest relative affinity to cannabinoid receptors hCB1 and hCB2 , and inhibition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate activity through hCB2 compared to anandamide.	Adenosine	155-164	delta like canonical Notch ligand 4	Mus musculus	33-39
34961895-0	2022	Mono-ADP-ribosylation sites of human CD73 inhibit its adenosine-generating enzymatic activity.	Adenosine	54-63	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	37-41
34961895-1	2022	CD73-derived adenosine plays a major role in damage-induced tissue responses by inhibiting inflammation.	Adenosine	13-22	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
34946538-3	2021	Theacrine was further demonstrated to be an effective antagonist of the adenosine 2A receptor as its concurrent supplementation significantly reduced the elevation of AMPK phosphorylation level in MCF-7 human breast cells induced by CGS21680, an agonist of adenosine 2A receptors.	Adenosine	72-81	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	167-171
34878641-1	2022	BACKGROUND: The 5" adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor that is activated by increases in the cellular AMP/adenosine diphosphate:adenosine triphosphate (ADP:ATP) ratios and plays a key role in metabolic adaptations to endurance training.	Adenosine	19-28	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	75-79
34878641-1	2022	BACKGROUND: The 5" adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor that is activated by increases in the cellular AMP/adenosine diphosphate:adenosine triphosphate (ADP:ATP) ratios and plays a key role in metabolic adaptations to endurance training.	Adenosine	160-169	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	75-79
34878641-1	2022	BACKGROUND: The 5" adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor that is activated by increases in the cellular AMP/adenosine diphosphate:adenosine triphosphate (ADP:ATP) ratios and plays a key role in metabolic adaptations to endurance training.	Adenosine	182-191	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	75-79
34943057-7	2021	Mito-TIPTP, which is a p22phox inhibitor containing a mitochondrial translocation signal, enhances mitochondrial function by inhibiting the association between Rubicon and p22phox in LPS-primed bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) treated with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or dextran sulfate sodium (DSS).	Adenosine	247-256	rubicon autophagy regulator	Homo sapiens	160-167
34697820-3	2021	CD39 catalyzes the extracellular hydrolysis of nucleoside tri- and diphosphates, mainly adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) and ADP, yielding adenosine monophosphate, which is further hydrolyzed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to produce adenosine.	Adenosine	88-97	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	194-214
34697820-3	2021	CD39 catalyzes the extracellular hydrolysis of nucleoside tri- and diphosphates, mainly adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) and ADP, yielding adenosine monophosphate, which is further hydrolyzed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to produce adenosine.	Adenosine	88-97	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	216-220
34536555-5	2021	Hypoxia-induced extracellular adenosine (eADO) significantly enhanced pDC recruitment into tumors via the adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA1).	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	106-127
34536555-5	2021	Hypoxia-induced extracellular adenosine (eADO) significantly enhanced pDC recruitment into tumors via the adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA1).	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	129-135
34794890-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether pyroptosis is induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis-LPS)/ adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through NF-kappaB/NLRP3/GSDMD signaling in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and whether isoliquiritigenin (ISL) alleviates pyroptosis by inhibition of NF-kappaB/NLRP3/GSDMD signals.	Adenosine	124-133	gasdermin D	Homo sapiens	177-182
34794890-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether pyroptosis is induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis-LPS)/ adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through NF-kappaB/NLRP3/GSDMD signaling in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and whether isoliquiritigenin (ISL) alleviates pyroptosis by inhibition of NF-kappaB/NLRP3/GSDMD signals.	Adenosine	124-133	gasdermin D	Homo sapiens	321-326
34939383-10	2021	YSHX inhibited ROS generation by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha)/silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 3 (Sirt3) signaling.	Adenosine	44-53	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	163-173
34838121-0	2021	Amplification of spatially isolated adenosine pathway by tumor-macrophage interaction induces anti-PD1 resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma.	Adenosine	36-45	programmed cell death 1	Homo sapiens	99-102
34838121-13	2021	We discovered that cell-specific CD39 expression in macrophages and CD73 expression in HCC cells synergistically activated the eATP-adenosine pathway and produced more adenosine, thereby impairing CD8+ T cell function and driving anti-PD1 resistance.	Adenosine	132-141	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	68-72
34838121-13	2021	We discovered that cell-specific CD39 expression in macrophages and CD73 expression in HCC cells synergistically activated the eATP-adenosine pathway and produced more adenosine, thereby impairing CD8+ T cell function and driving anti-PD1 resistance.	Adenosine	168-177	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	68-72
34963848-1	2021	Adenosine deaminase t-RNA-specific 3 (ADAT3) gene, present on chromosome 19, encodes for an enzyme responsible for deamination of adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	130-139	adenosine deaminase tRNA specific 3	Homo sapiens	0-36
34963848-1	2021	Adenosine deaminase t-RNA-specific 3 (ADAT3) gene, present on chromosome 19, encodes for an enzyme responsible for deamination of adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	130-139	adenosine deaminase tRNA specific 3	Homo sapiens	38-43
34787456-9	2022	Adenosine phosphate analysis showed that AS activates AMPK via improving AMP/ADP:ATP ratio rather than direct interaction with AMPK.	Adenosine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	54-58
34472622-1	2021	Adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important cellular metabolite-sensing enzyme that can directly sense changes not only in ATP but also in metabolites associated with carbohydrates and fatty acids.	Adenosine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	59-63
34554618-3	2021	The activity of adenosine kinase (ADK) for catalyzing the phosphorylation of Ado plays an essential role in regulating Ado metabolism.	Adenosine	77-80	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	16-32
34554618-3	2021	The activity of adenosine kinase (ADK) for catalyzing the phosphorylation of Ado plays an essential role in regulating Ado metabolism.	Adenosine	77-80	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	34-37
34554618-3	2021	The activity of adenosine kinase (ADK) for catalyzing the phosphorylation of Ado plays an essential role in regulating Ado metabolism.	Adenosine	119-122	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	16-32
34554618-3	2021	The activity of adenosine kinase (ADK) for catalyzing the phosphorylation of Ado plays an essential role in regulating Ado metabolism.	Adenosine	119-122	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	34-37
34554618-4	2021	Specifically, accumulated Ado in the tumor microenvironment occupies the active site of ADK, inhibiting the phosphorylation of Ado.	Adenosine	26-29	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	88-91
34554618-4	2021	Specifically, accumulated Ado in the tumor microenvironment occupies the active site of ADK, inhibiting the phosphorylation of Ado.	Adenosine	127-130	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	88-91
34554618-7	2021	CaP@Fe-MOFs are found to regulate the Ado metabolism by promoting ADK-mediated phosphorylation and relieving the hypoxic tumor microenvironment.	Adenosine	38-41	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	66-69
34666225-0	2021	Profound inhibition of CD73-dependent formation of anti-inflammatory adenosine in B cells of SLE patients.	Adenosine	69-78	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	23-27
34666225-2	2021	The anti-inflammatory activity of CD73-derived adenosine is well documented, however, its role in SLE pathogenesis is unknown.	Adenosine	47-56	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	34-38
34666225-12	2021	INTERPRETATION: We describe a new pathomechanism for SLE, by which inactivation of CD73 on B cells produces less anti-inflammatory adenosine, resulting in immune cell activation.	Adenosine	131-140	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	83-87
34339538-5	2021	Here, we show that adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/adenosine-mediated signals down-regulate mGluR5 in astrocytes.	Adenosine	19-28	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	89-95
34339538-5	2021	Here, we show that adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/adenosine-mediated signals down-regulate mGluR5 in astrocytes.	Adenosine	48-57	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	89-95
34339538-7	2021	Second, ATP and adenosine suppressed expression of the mGluR5 gene, Grm5, in cultured astrocytes.	Adenosine	16-25	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	55-61
34850767-6	2021	ATF7-upregulation inhibited, whereas ATF7-knockdown promoted migration, activity of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), MMP2, and uridylyl phosphate adenosine and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in HER2-positive cells.	Adenosine	148-157	activating transcription factor 7	Homo sapiens	37-41
34302921-1	2021	CD73, a cell surface-localized ecto-5"-nucleotidase, is the major enzymatic source of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	100-109	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
34302921-1	2021	CD73, a cell surface-localized ecto-5"-nucleotidase, is the major enzymatic source of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	100-109	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	31-51
34622282-9	2022	Finally, caffeine was shown to rescue aberrant motor function in C. elegans harboring the goa-1 variants; this effect is mainly exerted through adenosine receptor antagonism.	Adenosine	144-153	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha	Caenorhabditis elegans	90-95
34310912-9	2021	Additionally, adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase/unc-51-like kinase 1 (AMPK-ULK1) signaling pathway was activated by estrogen treatment, which was abrogated by Esrra-silencing, and AMPK-specific inhibitor Compound C pretreatment could reduce estrogen-induced downregulation of ASIC1a protein.	Adenosine	14-23	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	94-103
34310912-9	2021	Additionally, adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase/unc-51-like kinase 1 (AMPK-ULK1) signaling pathway was activated by estrogen treatment, which was abrogated by Esrra-silencing, and AMPK-specific inhibitor Compound C pretreatment could reduce estrogen-induced downregulation of ASIC1a protein.	Adenosine	14-23	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	204-208
34657048-5	2021	Alterations in different DNA damage repair genes, including BRCA2, ATM, CDK12, or mismatch repair genes, are linked to favorable response to targeted therapies such as poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose)polymerase(PARP)inhibitors or immune checkpoint inhibitors.	Adenosine	173-182	collagen type XI alpha 2 chain	Homo sapiens	213-217
34396442-5	2021	A2a adenosine receptor (AR) small interfering (si)RNA or A2bAR siRNA were transfected into the lung tissue of mice and primary rat alveolar type II (ATII) cells.	Adenosine	4-13	ferredoxin reductase	Mus musculus	24-26
34116887-2	2021	A key component of the purinergic system, the enzyme ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) catalyzes the last step in the extracellular metabolism of ATP to form adenosine.	Adenosine	152-161	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	53-73
34116887-2	2021	A key component of the purinergic system, the enzyme ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) catalyzes the last step in the extracellular metabolism of ATP to form adenosine.	Adenosine	152-161	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	75-79
34342315-6	2021	Furthermore, adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was activated by berberine.	Adenosine	13-22	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	72-76
34473957-2	2021	Extracellular adenosine triggers immunosuppressive signaling via the A2a receptor (A2aR).	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	69-81
34473957-2	2021	Extracellular adenosine triggers immunosuppressive signaling via the A2a receptor (A2aR).	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	83-87
34473957-9	2021	Adenosine signaling via A2aR impaired macrophage bactericidal activity and enhanced interleukin-10 production.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	24-28
34274385-6	2021	The anti-CD73 antibody prevents the immunosuppression phenomenon in tumors by blocking the adenosine pathway, and it is emerging as a sufficient immune checkpoint blockade when combined with ICD-elicited tumor therapies.	Adenosine	91-100	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	9-13
34646376-4	2021	Accumulating evidence shows that metformin improves ED through liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/5"-adenosine monophosphat-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and AMPK-independent targets, including nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2).	Adenosine	89-98	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	138-142
34502521-9	2021	In addition, we found a regulation in adenosine receptor A2aR and the metalloproteinases by MTX.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	57-61
34659527-10	2021	Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of CD73 activity by APCP inhibits tumor growth, which can be largely compromised by the addition of adenosine, suggesting an enzyme activity-dependent effect of CD73 in gastric cancer.	Adenosine	140-149	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	43-47
34659527-10	2021	Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of CD73 activity by APCP inhibits tumor growth, which can be largely compromised by the addition of adenosine, suggesting an enzyme activity-dependent effect of CD73 in gastric cancer.	Adenosine	140-149	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	201-205
34429546-5	2021	Treg cells deficient in insulin receptor, HIF-1alpha or Med23 have decreased PPAR-gamma expression that in turn promotes accumulation of CD73hiST2lo adipose Treg cells and physiological adenosine production to activate beige fat biogenesis.	Adenosine	186-195	insulin receptor	Mus musculus	24-40
34429546-5	2021	Treg cells deficient in insulin receptor, HIF-1alpha or Med23 have decreased PPAR-gamma expression that in turn promotes accumulation of CD73hiST2lo adipose Treg cells and physiological adenosine production to activate beige fat biogenesis.	Adenosine	186-195	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	77-87
34224862-1	2021	Extracellular ATP is a danger signal to the brain and contributes to neurodegeneration in animal models of Alzheimer"s disease through its extracellular catabolism by CD73 to generate adenosine, bolstering the activation of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR).	Adenosine	184-193	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	249-253
34224862-1	2021	Extracellular ATP is a danger signal to the brain and contributes to neurodegeneration in animal models of Alzheimer"s disease through its extracellular catabolism by CD73 to generate adenosine, bolstering the activation of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR).	Adenosine	224-233	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	249-253
34512754-8	2021	The methylation level of N6-adenosine of TRPC7-AS1 was lower in HepG2 cells than that in L02 cells.	Adenosine	28-37	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 7	Homo sapiens	41-46
34512754-8	2021	The methylation level of N6-adenosine of TRPC7-AS1 was lower in HepG2 cells than that in L02 cells.	Adenosine	28-37	prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens	47-50
34452919-6	2021	Mechanistically, inhibiting bicarbonate production by CAIX or sodium-driven bicarbonate transport, while targeting xCT, decreased adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation and increased acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 1 activation.	Adenosine	130-139	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	54-58
34404721-1	2021	The ABCG1 homodimer (G1) and ABCG5-ABCG8 heterodimer (G5G8), two members of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter G family, are required for maintenance of cellular cholesterol levels.	Adenosine	80-89	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group)	Homo sapiens	127-130
34369755-7	2021	We also used a systematic series of increasingly larger alkyl adenosine esters as chemical probes to characterize the structural basis of the exquisite ACS specificity for acetate over larger carboxylic acid substrates.	Adenosine	62-71	acyl-CoA synthetase short chain family member 2	Homo sapiens	152-155
34445661-4	2021	Both OA and RA cells expressed CD39 (converts ATP to AMP), CD73 (converts AMP to adenosine), ADA (converts adenosine to inosine), ENT1/2 (adenosine transporters), all AR subtypes (A1, A2A, A2B and A3) and synthesized predominantly adenosine.	Adenosine	81-90	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	59-63
34445322-5	2021	We present the synthesis and application of a novel fluorogenic adenosine 5"-tetraphosphate (Ap4) analog suited for this task.	Adenosine	64-73	transcription factor AP-4	Homo sapiens	93-96
34439161-1	2021	Cluster of differentiation (CD)-73 plays pivotal roles in the regulation of immune reactions via the production of extracellular adenosine, and the overexpression of CD73 is associated with worse outcomes in several types of cancers.	Adenosine	129-138	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-34
34379710-4	2022	RESULTS: With Ade injection, OnsetRV-OnsetLV PTT (PTT1), PeakRV-PeakLV PTT (PTT2) and OnsetRV-PeakLV PPT (PTT3) decreased and PTT3 had the largest decreased percentage, with the highest performance in differentiating the Ade group from the control group (the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity and Youden"s index was maximal).	Adenosine	14-17	tachykinin, precursor 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
34379710-4	2022	RESULTS: With Ade injection, OnsetRV-OnsetLV PTT (PTT1), PeakRV-PeakLV PTT (PTT2) and OnsetRV-PeakLV PPT (PTT3) decreased and PTT3 had the largest decreased percentage, with the highest performance in differentiating the Ade group from the control group (the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity and Youden"s index was maximal).	Adenosine	221-224	tachykinin, precursor 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
34105986-10	2021	Dampening of these danger signals and organ protection largely depends upon activities of vascular and immune cell-expressed ectonucleotidases (CD39 and CD73), which convert ATP and ADP into anti-inflammatory adenosine.	Adenosine	209-218	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	153-157
34281836-7	2021	Adenosine treatment activated AMPK and led to phosphorylation of its downstream proteins including ULK and Raptor.	Adenosine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	30-34
34281836-7	2021	Adenosine treatment activated AMPK and led to phosphorylation of its downstream proteins including ULK and Raptor.	Adenosine	0-9	regulatory associated protein of MTOR complex 1	Homo sapiens	107-113
34156168-0	2021	Roles of adenosine A1 receptors in the regulation of SFK activity in the rat forebrain.	Adenosine	9-18	FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
34081786-0	2021	Proline-arginine poly-dipeptide encoded by the C9orf72 repeat expansion inhibits adenosine deaminase acting on RNA.	Adenosine	81-90	C9orf72-SMCR8 complex subunit	Homo sapiens	47-54
34081786-4	2021	In this study, using cell-based models, we show that poly-proline-arginine DPR (poly-PR), the most neurotoxic DPR in vitro, binds to adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR)1p110 and ADAR2 and inhibits their RNA editing activity.	Adenosine	133-142	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	183-188
34442398-2	2021	CD73 expression and adenosine (ADO) production by tumor cells may influence Tr1 generation and their immunosuppressive activity.	Adenosine	20-29	taste 1 receptor member 1	Homo sapiens	76-79
34442398-2	2021	CD73 expression and adenosine (ADO) production by tumor cells may influence Tr1 generation and their immunosuppressive activity.	Adenosine	31-34	taste 1 receptor member 1	Homo sapiens	76-79
34442398-3	2021	MATERIAL AND METHODS: Tr1 were generated in co-cultures of CD4+CD25neg T cells, autologous immature dendritic cells (iDC), and irradiated ADO-producing CD73+ or non-producing CD73neg breast cancer (BrCa) cell lines (TU).	Adenosine	138-141	taste 1 receptor member 1	Homo sapiens	22-25
34442398-3	2021	MATERIAL AND METHODS: Tr1 were generated in co-cultures of CD4+CD25neg T cells, autologous immature dendritic cells (iDC), and irradiated ADO-producing CD73+ or non-producing CD73neg breast cancer (BrCa) cell lines (TU).	Adenosine	138-141	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	152-156
34442398-13	2021	CONCLUSION: BrCa producing ADO (CD73+ TU) favor the induction of Tr1, which expresses CD39 and CD73, hydrolyzes ATP to ADO, and effectively suppresses anti-tumor immunity.	Adenosine	27-30	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	32-36
34442398-13	2021	CONCLUSION: BrCa producing ADO (CD73+ TU) favor the induction of Tr1, which expresses CD39 and CD73, hydrolyzes ATP to ADO, and effectively suppresses anti-tumor immunity.	Adenosine	27-30	taste 1 receptor member 1	Homo sapiens	65-68
34442398-13	2021	CONCLUSION: BrCa producing ADO (CD73+ TU) favor the induction of Tr1, which expresses CD39 and CD73, hydrolyzes ATP to ADO, and effectively suppresses anti-tumor immunity.	Adenosine	27-30	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	95-99
34315403-15	2021	Furthermore, the expression of adenylyl cyclase 1 (AC1)/ protein kinase A (PKA)/ phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (pCREB) pathway was depressed by OT and restored by L368,899.	Adenosine	107-116	adenylate cyclase 1	Mus musculus	51-54
34292326-1	2021	The Chd8 gene encodes a member of the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding (CHD) family of SNF2H-like adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent chromatin remodeler, the mutations of which define a subtype of autism spectrum disorders.	Adenosine	99-108	SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 5	Mus musculus	88-93
34290905-5	2021	Our results highlight the bidirectional interaction between T cells and CAFs in promoting components of the immunosuppressive CD39, CD73 adenosine pathway and demonstrate IL-27 production can be induced in CAF by activated T cells.	Adenosine	137-146	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	132-136
34229552-9	2022	Thus, RAB7 activity is required to maintain the balance between mitophagy and chromosome stability and RAB7 activator is a good candidate to ameliorate age-related deterioration of oocyte quality.Abbreviations: ATG9: autophagy related 9A; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone; CCZ1: CCZ1 vacuolar protein trafficking and biogenesis associated; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GAPs: GTPase-activating proteins; GEF: guanine nucleotide exchange factor; GV: germinal vesicle; GVBD: germinal vesicle breakdown; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; MI: metaphase I stage of meiosis; MII: metaphase II stage of meiosis; Mito: MitoTracker; mtDNA: mitochondrial DNA; MON1: MON1 homolog, secretory trafficking associated; OPTN: optineurin; PINK1: PTEN induced putative kinase 1; PRKN: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; RAB7: RAB7, member RAS oncogene family; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TOMM20/TOM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; TUBB: tubulin, beta; UB: ubiquitin.	Adenosine	244-253	RAB7B, member RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	6-10
34356618-7	2021	Purinergic signaling is an endogenous molecular pathway in which the enzymes CD39 and CD73 catabolize extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) to adenosine.	Adenosine	116-125	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	86-90
34356618-7	2021	Purinergic signaling is an endogenous molecular pathway in which the enzymes CD39 and CD73 catabolize extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) to adenosine.	Adenosine	149-158	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	86-90
34159634-2	2021	The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 are responsible for the sequential catabolism of ATP to adenosine via AMP, thus promoting an anti-inflammatory milieu induced by the "adenosine halo".	Adenosine	92-101	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	31-35
34159634-2	2021	The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 are responsible for the sequential catabolism of ATP to adenosine via AMP, thus promoting an anti-inflammatory milieu induced by the "adenosine halo".	Adenosine	170-179	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	31-35
34159634-3	2021	AMPD2 intracellularly mediates AMP deamination to IMP, thereby both enhancing the degradation of inflammatory ATP and reducing the formation of anti-inflammatory adenosine.	Adenosine	162-171	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
34142819-2	2021	The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-responsive element binding-protein (CREB)-regulated transcription coactivator 3 (CRTC3) plays an important role in energy metabolism and various biological processes.	Adenosine	11-20	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 3	Homo sapiens	78-121
34142819-2	2021	The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-responsive element binding-protein (CREB)-regulated transcription coactivator 3 (CRTC3) plays an important role in energy metabolism and various biological processes.	Adenosine	11-20	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 3	Homo sapiens	123-128
34172439-4	2021	We found that elevation of serum glucagon levels stimulates cyclic adenosine monophosphate production and activates hepatic protein kinase A (PKA) signaling in TB mice.	Adenosine	67-76	glucagon	Mus musculus	33-41
34248654-4	2021	Results: (1) During games, male players exhibited higher adenosine triphosphate-phosphocreatine system contribution (EPCr, kJ) (p = 0.008) and average rate of carbohydrate oxidation (RCHO, g/min) (p = 0.044) than female players, while female players showed greater absolute PL (p = 0.029) and more accelerations (p = 0.005) than male players.	Adenosine	57-66	protein C receptor	Homo sapiens	117-121
34088840-3	2021	They are both coupled to stimulatory Gs proteins, mediate an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and stimulate cardiac contractility; however, other effects, such as changes in gene transcription leading to cardiac hypertrophy, are prominent only for beta1-AR but not for beta2-AR.	Adenosine	80-89	adrenoceptor beta 1	Homo sapiens	266-274
34101732-0	2021	Adenosine/TGFbeta axis in regulation of mammary fibroblast functions.	Adenosine	0-9	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	10-17
34101732-3	2021	Mechanisms behind lost TGFbeta signaling on CAF are poorly understood, but, utilizing MMTV-PyMT mouse model, we have previously demonstrated that in tumor microenvironment myeloid cells, producing adenosine, contribute to downregulated TGFbeta signaling on CAFs.	Adenosine	197-206	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	23-30
34205965-0	2021	Downregulation of CD73/A2AR-Mediated Adenosine Signaling as a Potential Mechanism of Neuroprotective Effects of Theta-Burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Acute Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.	Adenosine	37-46	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	18-22
34073600-3	2021	Enzymatic activity of NNMT is important for the prevention of NAM-mediated inhibition of NAD+-consuming enzymes poly-adenosine -diphosphate (ADP), ribose polymerases (PARPs), and sirtuins (SIRTs).	Adenosine	117-126	nicotinamide N-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	22-26
34070360-0	2021	Adenosine and Cordycepin Accelerate Tissue Remodeling Process through Adenosine Receptor Mediated Wnt/beta-Catenin Pathway Stimulation by Regulating GSK3b Activity.	Adenosine	0-9	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	149-154
34070360-0	2021	Adenosine and Cordycepin Accelerate Tissue Remodeling Process through Adenosine Receptor Mediated Wnt/beta-Catenin Pathway Stimulation by Regulating GSK3b Activity.	Adenosine	70-79	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	149-154
34151200-3	2021	Resistance to traditional chemotherapeutic agents can be caused by cellular drug efflux via adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, but it is still not clear whether these transporters mediate resistance to proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs in multiple myeloma.	Adenosine	92-101	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group)	Homo sapiens	139-142
34141984-6	2021	Additionally, we found that adenosine triphosphate-linked mitochondrial oxygen consumption and mitochondrial membrane potential were reduced in etfa+/ - primary hepatocytes and that riboflavin supplementation corrected these defects.	Adenosine	28-37	electron transfer flavoprotein subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	144-148
34977908-1	2021	Adenosine-triphosphate-(ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transport proteins are ubiquitously present membrane-bound efflux pumps that distribute endo- and xenobiotics across intra- and intercellular barriers.	Adenosine	0-9	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group)	Homo sapiens	47-50
35508185-4	2022	The most common RNA modification is methylation of N6-adenosine deposited by the m6A methyltransferase complex (METTL3/14/16, WTAP, KIAA1429, and RBM15/15B), erased by demethylases (FTO and ALKBH5), and recognized by binding proteins (e.g., YTHDF1/2/3, YTHDC1/2, IGF2BP1/2/3, etc.).	Adenosine	54-63	WT1 associated protein	Homo sapiens	126-130
35508185-4	2022	The most common RNA modification is methylation of N6-adenosine deposited by the m6A methyltransferase complex (METTL3/14/16, WTAP, KIAA1429, and RBM15/15B), erased by demethylases (FTO and ALKBH5), and recognized by binding proteins (e.g., YTHDF1/2/3, YTHDC1/2, IGF2BP1/2/3, etc.).	Adenosine	54-63	alkB homolog 5, RNA demethylase	Homo sapiens	190-196
35543297-3	2022	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters participate in various biological processes.	Adenosine	0-9	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group)	Homo sapiens	47-50
35320461-1	2022	The present study demonstrates altered topographic distribution and enhanced neuronal expression of major adenosine-metabolizing enzymes, i.e. ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN) and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), as well as adenosine receptor subtype A2A in the hippocampus and cortex of male rats from early to late adulthood (3, 6, 12 and 15 months old males).	Adenosine	106-115	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	143-163
35320461-1	2022	The present study demonstrates altered topographic distribution and enhanced neuronal expression of major adenosine-metabolizing enzymes, i.e. ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN) and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), as well as adenosine receptor subtype A2A in the hippocampus and cortex of male rats from early to late adulthood (3, 6, 12 and 15 months old males).	Adenosine	106-115	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	165-167
35320461-7	2022	Taken together, the results imply that the adaptative changes in adenosine signaling occurring in neuronal elements early in life may be responsible for the later prominent glial enhancement in A2AR-mediated adenosine signaling, and neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, which are the hallmarks of both advanced age and age-associated neurodegenerative diseases.	Adenosine	65-74	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	194-198
35320461-7	2022	Taken together, the results imply that the adaptative changes in adenosine signaling occurring in neuronal elements early in life may be responsible for the later prominent glial enhancement in A2AR-mediated adenosine signaling, and neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, which are the hallmarks of both advanced age and age-associated neurodegenerative diseases.	Adenosine	208-217	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	194-198
35622118-1	2022	The production of adenosine by CD73 on cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment is a recognized immunosuppressive mechanism contributing to immune evasion in many solid tumors.	Adenosine	18-27	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	31-35
35563553-3	2022	CD73 is one of the key enzymes catalyzing the conversion of extracellular ATP into adenosine, which in turn exerts potent immune suppressive effects.	Adenosine	83-92	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
34984801-3	2022	Here, we developed a robust high-efficiency ABE (PhieABE) toolbox for plants by fusing an evolved, highly active form of the adenosine deaminase TadA8e and a single-stranded DNA-binding domain (DBD), based on PAM-less/free Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) nickase variants that recognize the PAM NGN (for SpCas9n-NG and SpGn) or NNN (for SpRYn).	Adenosine	125-134	type II CRISPR RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9	Streptococcus pyogenes	246-250
34984801-3	2022	Here, we developed a robust high-efficiency ABE (PhieABE) toolbox for plants by fusing an evolved, highly active form of the adenosine deaminase TadA8e and a single-stranded DNA-binding domain (DBD), based on PAM-less/free Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) nickase variants that recognize the PAM NGN (for SpCas9n-NG and SpGn) or NNN (for SpRYn).	Adenosine	125-134	type II CRISPR RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9	Streptococcus pyogenes	252-258
34991155-5	2022	SHARPIN-null platelets adhered to immobilized fibrinogen through alphaIIbbeta3, and they spread more extensively than littermate control platelets in a manner dependent on feedback stimulation by platelet adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (P < 0.01).	Adenosine	205-214	SHANK-associated RH domain interacting protein	Mus musculus	0-7
35463992-1	2022	This study was aimed at exploring the mechanism of serine threonine protein kinase 11 (STK11)/Adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway after immunotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), providing basic information for the clinical treatment of ESCC.	Adenosine	94-103	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	147-151
35413847-12	2022	RAMP1 overexpression increased inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) alpha subunit 3 (Galphai3) expression and activated downstream protein kinase A (PKA), and both elevated the expression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB) and activated it, promoting the transcription of YAP, elevating the total YAP level and promoting MSF proliferation.	Adenosine	219-228	receptor (calcitonin) activity modifying protein 1	Mus musculus	0-5
35479074-4	2022	The cAMP-adenosine pathway is a biochemical mechanism mediated by ATP-binding cassette transporters that facilitate cAMP efflux and by specific ectoenzymes that convert cAMP to AMP (ecto-PDEs) and AMP to adenosine (ecto-nucleotidases such as CD73).	Adenosine	9-18	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	242-246
35479074-4	2022	The cAMP-adenosine pathway is a biochemical mechanism mediated by ATP-binding cassette transporters that facilitate cAMP efflux and by specific ectoenzymes that convert cAMP to AMP (ecto-PDEs) and AMP to adenosine (ecto-nucleotidases such as CD73).	Adenosine	204-213	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	242-246
35395698-0	2022	Adenosine diphosphate-induced aggregation is enhanced in platelets obtained from patients with thrombotic primary antiphospholipid syndrome (t-PAPS): role of P2Y12 -cAMP signaling pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	158-163
35021019-2	2022	Adenosine-5"-Triphosphate (ATP) triggers interleukin (IL)-1beta secretion via the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) and activation of the NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome.	Adenosine	0-9	atrophin 1	Homo sapiens	133-136
34990072-6	2022	The mechanistic investigation revealed that CTRP9 overexpression restrained the activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in IL-1beta-stimulated chondrocytes via the adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1)/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) axis.	Adenosine	254-263	C1q and TNF related 9	Homo sapiens	44-49
35408582-2	2022	Adenosine stimulated the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway by modulating the activity of Gsk3beta in cultured human dermal papilla cells.	Adenosine	0-9	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	80-88
35408582-6	2022	The inhibitor study data conducted in Wnt reporter cells and in cultured human dermal papilla cells demonstrated that adenosine stimulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling through the activation of the adenosine receptor and Gsk3beta plays a critical role in transmitting the signals from the adenosine receptor to beta-catenin, possibly via the Galphas/cAMP/PKA/mTOR signaling cascade.	Adenosine	118-127	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	219-227
35408582-6	2022	The inhibitor study data conducted in Wnt reporter cells and in cultured human dermal papilla cells demonstrated that adenosine stimulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling through the activation of the adenosine receptor and Gsk3beta plays a critical role in transmitting the signals from the adenosine receptor to beta-catenin, possibly via the Galphas/cAMP/PKA/mTOR signaling cascade.	Adenosine	287-296	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	219-227
35076232-6	2022	Under NIR irradiation, cancer cells stained by TCy5-Ph-3F will lead to ER stress and induce massive emission of damage-associated molecular patterns, including calreticulin and heat-shock protein 70 exposure, high mobility group box 1 efflux, and adenosine triphosphate secretion.	Adenosine	247-256	epiregulin	Homo sapiens	71-73
35488670-2	2022	This study aimed to investigate the role of adenosine mono-phosphate-activated protein kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK-mTOR) signaling in CIHH effect.	Adenosine	44-53	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	125-129
34380876-1	2022	Sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) belongs to the adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family; however, SUR is associated with ion channels and acts as a regulatory subunit determining the opening or closing of the pore.	Adenosine	43-52	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	23-26
34380876-1	2022	Sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) belongs to the adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family; however, SUR is associated with ion channels and acts as a regulatory subunit determining the opening or closing of the pore.	Adenosine	43-52	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	127-130
35196191-10	2022	Together, we demonstrated that defective autophagy played an important role in EEC-EMT in IUA via the DIO2-MAPK/ERK-MTOR pathway, which provided a potential target for therapeutic implications.Abbreviations: ACTA2/alpha-SMA: actin alpha 2, smooth muscle; AMPK: adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; AKT/protein kinase B: AKT serine/threonine kinase; ATG: autophagy related; CDH1/E-cadherin: cadherin 1; CDH2/N-cadherin: cadherin 2; CQ: chloroquine; CTSD: cathepsin D; DIO2: iodothyronine deiodinase 2; DEGs: differentially expressed genes; EECs: endometrial epithelial cells; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition; FN1: fibronectin 1; IUA: intrauterine adhesions; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; Rapa: rapamycin; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; T3: triiodothyronine; T4: tetraiodothyronine; TFEB: transcription factor EB; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TGFB/TGFbeta: transforming growth factor beta.	Adenosine	261-270	deiodinase, iodothyronine, type II	Mus musculus	102-106
35196024-8	2022	RNA sequencing analyses highlighted modifications in the tolerant patients" transcriptomic profiles, particularly with overexpression of the ectoenzyme NT5E (encoding CD73), which could counterbalance CD38 enzymatic functions by producing adenosine.	Adenosine	239-248	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	152-156
35196024-8	2022	RNA sequencing analyses highlighted modifications in the tolerant patients" transcriptomic profiles, particularly with overexpression of the ectoenzyme NT5E (encoding CD73), which could counterbalance CD38 enzymatic functions by producing adenosine.	Adenosine	239-248	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	167-171
35196024-11	2022	Thus, balance between a CD38-activated immune state and CD73-related production of adenosine may be a key regulator of operational tolerance.	Adenosine	83-92	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	56-60
35198574-1	2022	Background: Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibition reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and enhances adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis.	Adenosine	115-124	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	12-35
35198574-1	2022	Background: Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibition reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and enhances adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis.	Adenosine	115-124	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	37-40
35135866-6	2022	Given the broad activity but known limitations of anti-programmed cell death protein (PD1) therapy and other checkpoint inhibitors, ongoing studies have sought to augment the successful outcomes of anti-PD1 therapy with combinatorial approaches, particularly adenosine signaling blockade.	Adenosine	259-268	programmed cell death 1	Homo sapiens	86-89
35135866-6	2022	Given the broad activity but known limitations of anti-programmed cell death protein (PD1) therapy and other checkpoint inhibitors, ongoing studies have sought to augment the successful outcomes of anti-PD1 therapy with combinatorial approaches, particularly adenosine signaling blockade.	Adenosine	259-268	programmed cell death 1	Homo sapiens	203-206
35022897-11	2022	Besides, DUB-IN-1 could stimulate autophagy through p53-dependent adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation.	Adenosine	66-75	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	125-129
34982020-0	2022	Forkhead-box C1 attenuates high glucose-induced trophoblast cell injury during gestational diabetes mellitus via activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase through regulating fibroblast growth factor 19.	Adenosine	124-133	forkhead box C1	Homo sapiens	0-15
34982020-0	2022	Forkhead-box C1 attenuates high glucose-induced trophoblast cell injury during gestational diabetes mellitus via activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase through regulating fibroblast growth factor 19.	Adenosine	124-133	fibroblast growth factor 19	Homo sapiens	192-219
2560629-1	1989	We have previously assigned human ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT) to chromosome 6 on the basis of conversion of exogenously supplied [14C]AMP to adenosine by whole cells of human and Chinese hamster hybrids carrying chromosome 6.	Adenosine	139-148	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	34-54
2623648-1	1989	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine (or 2"-deoxyadenosine) to inosine (or 2"-deoxyinosine).	Adenosine	66-75	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-19
2623648-1	1989	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine (or 2"-deoxyadenosine) to inosine (or 2"-deoxyinosine).	Adenosine	66-75	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	21-24
2553262-1	1989	The hydrolysis of 5"-AMP by 5"-nucleotidase is the main source of adenosine.	Adenosine	66-75	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	28-43
2553262-9	1989	Adenosine produced by tubular cells would hardly have access to its known targets, since 5"-nucleotidase is restricted to the luminal cell surface.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	89-104
2550355-1	1989	Human and mouse hybrids that contain fragments of human chromosome 6 as translocations were analysed for expression of ecto-5" nucleotidase enzymic activity measured by the conversion of AMP to adenosine and for antigenicity recognized by a monoclonal antibody specific for the human isozyme.	Adenosine	194-203	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	119-139
2569506-8	1989	Additional evidence that NEP2 expresses adenosine receptors linked to the adenylate cyclase-inhibitory GTP-binding protein is provided by the finding that pretreatment of these cells with pertussis toxin reverses the adenosine inhibition of cAMP formation stimulated by either isoprenaline or forskolin.	Adenosine	40-49	membrane metalloendopeptidase like 1	Homo sapiens	25-29
2554883-0	1989	Inhibition of IMP-specific cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase and adenosine formation in rat polymorphonuclear leucocytes by 5"-deoxy-5"-isobutylthio derivatives of adenosine and inosine.	Adenosine	156-165	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	37-52
2549978-11	1989	It is suggested that these changes in hypothyroidism, in particular the increases in 5"-nucleotidase activity, could enhance the neuromodulatory effect of adenosine to decrease neurotransmitter release.	Adenosine	155-164	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	85-100
2472139-2	1989	Structural congeners of adenosine also attenuated the elaboration of these two mediators from stimulated basophils and a rank order of potency for the inhibition was observed following the sequence 2-chloroadenosine greater than or equal to N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) greater than adenosine greater than or equal to R-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) greater than or equal to S-PIA.	Adenosine	24-33	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Homo sapiens	324-357
2732946-4	1989	Competition curves for [3H] CPX binding by a series of reference adenosine agonists were consistent with labeling of an A1 adenosine receptor and were better fit by a two-site model than by a one-site model.	Adenosine	65-74	adenosine A1 receptor	Gallus gallus	120-141
2543456-8	1989	Adenosine formation was proportional to the extramitochondrial AMP concentration, showing that the 5"-nucleotidase activity of cardiac mitochondrial preparations is extramitochondrial in origin.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	99-114
2558531-3	1989	Using 0.5 M NaCl, 10 mM ATP and 5 mM adenosine as eluting agents, it was possible to separate on AMP-sepharose column AMP deaminase "high Km" and "low Km" 5"-nucleotidase and adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	37-46	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	155-170
2481522-0	1989	The effect of adenosine analogue (DRB) on a major nucleolar phosphoprotein nucleolin.	Adenosine	14-23	nucleolin	Homo sapiens	75-84
2912887-6	1989	Since the deamination of adenosine to inosine associated with ADA2-1 phenotype is slower than that associated with ADA1, the interaction of ADA on ACP1 activity may in fact be explained by a lower intracellular concentration of inosine in ADA2 carriers and, therefore, by a lower modulating effect of this on acid phosphatase activity.	Adenosine	25-34	transcriptional adaptor 2A	Homo sapiens	62-66
3044993-0	1988	Adenosine in renin-dependent renovascular hypertension.	Adenosine	0-9	renin	Rattus norvegicus	13-18
3044993-1	1988	Our previous studies support the hypothesis that activation of the renin-angiotensin system by renal ischemia elevates adenosine levels and that adenosine acts in a negative feedback loop to limit renin release and to mitigate some of the hypertension-producing effects of angiotensin II.	Adenosine	119-128	renin	Rattus norvegicus	67-72
3044993-1	1988	Our previous studies support the hypothesis that activation of the renin-angiotensin system by renal ischemia elevates adenosine levels and that adenosine acts in a negative feedback loop to limit renin release and to mitigate some of the hypertension-producing effects of angiotensin II.	Adenosine	145-154	renin	Rattus norvegicus	197-202
3044993-10	1988	These results lend further support to the hypothesis that adenosine functions to mitigate the renin-angiotensin system in renin-dependent renovascular hypertension.	Adenosine	58-67	renin	Rattus norvegicus	94-99
3044993-10	1988	These results lend further support to the hypothesis that adenosine functions to mitigate the renin-angiotensin system in renin-dependent renovascular hypertension.	Adenosine	58-67	renin	Rattus norvegicus	122-127
2844163-0	1988	The pigeon heart 5"-nucleotidase responsible for ischaemia-induced adenosine formation.	Adenosine	67-76	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	17-32
2844163-12	1988	The activity of the pigeon heart AMP-5"-nucleotidase was sufficient to account for previously measured rates of ischaemia-induced adenosine formation.	Adenosine	130-139	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	37-52
2454388-7	1988	When neplanocin A and adenosine were incubated in cell lysates, rapid conversion to neplanocin D and inosine, respectively, were observed, illustrating the affinity of these nucleosides for cellular adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	199-218
2830790-1	1988	Hydrolysis of 5"-AMP by 5"-nucleotidase is a possible source of adenosine in the kidney.	Adenosine	64-73	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	24-39
2830790-10	1988	The effects of ATP and of the pH are compatible with a role of the renal soluble 5"-nucleotidase in the hydrolysis of 5"-AMP and in the production of adenosine during hypoxia.	Adenosine	150-159	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	81-96
3257395-5	1988	The breakdown of adenosine by the enzyme activity extracted from the stabilized cells is due to deamination alone, since inosine is the only product of the catalyzed reaction and its formation is completely inhibited by coformycin, a selective inhibitor of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	257-276
3436062-2	1987	Both enzyme reactions of APRT and HPRT in lysates treated with a charcoal-dextran were simultaneously carried out in the same reaction tube and the enzyme activities were determined by measuring the increases in absorbance at 260 nm of adenosine and inosine converted from adenosine-5"-monophosphate and inosine-5"-monophosphate with alkaline phosphatase.	Adenosine	236-245	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	34-38
3040463-2	1987	These results, which were consistent with previous biochemical data regarding sciatic nerve, suggest that the function of 5"-nucleotidase in myelinated fibers in the peripheral nervous system may be to promote diffusion of adenosine between the glial and neuronal compartments.	Adenosine	223-232	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	122-137
3656177-10	1987	Exposure of the neurones to adenosine prior to or during application of bombesin, GRP, VIP, CCK or histamine blocked the actions of these substances.	Adenosine	28-37	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	87-90
3593287-4	1987	Injection of growth hormone into lactating rats decreased slightly the response to adenosine, whereas injection of growth hormone into rats after removal of their litters resulted in a much greater decrease in the response to adenosine, to that found in virgin and pregnant rats.	Adenosine	83-92	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	13-27
3028172-1	1987	Exogenous adenosine affects renal hemodynamics, renal tubular transport processes, and the secretion of renin.	Adenosine	10-19	renin	Rattus norvegicus	104-109
3026695-3	1986	The Vmax values for the hydrolysis of AMP by 5"-nucleotidase were two orders of magnitude greater than for the uptake of adenosine itself or the uptake of adenosine from AMP by normal lymphocytes.	Adenosine	155-164	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	45-60
3026695-7	1986	The uptake of adenosine moiety from AMP in CLL lymphocytes with a low Vmax for 5"-nucleotidase was also reduced, although not to the same extent as the reduction in 5"-nucleotidase activity.	Adenosine	14-23	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	79-94
3026695-7	1986	The uptake of adenosine moiety from AMP in CLL lymphocytes with a low Vmax for 5"-nucleotidase was also reduced, although not to the same extent as the reduction in 5"-nucleotidase activity.	Adenosine	14-23	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	165-180
3026695-8	1986	One CLL patient with supranormal levels of 5"-nucleotidase activity showed elevated uptake of adenosine moiety from AMP and of free adenosine.	Adenosine	94-103	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	43-58
3026695-8	1986	One CLL patient with supranormal levels of 5"-nucleotidase activity showed elevated uptake of adenosine moiety from AMP and of free adenosine.	Adenosine	132-141	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	43-58
3011114-3	1986	In intact cells, the endogenous production of deoxyadenosine from WI-L2 cells deficient in adenosine kinase (EC 2.7.1.20) and deoxycytidine kinase (EC 2.7.1.74) was consistently high, despite changes in endogenous adenosine production.	Adenosine	51-60	deoxycytidine kinase	Homo sapiens	126-146
3011114-4	1986	Endogenous production of deoxyadenosine from CEM cells deficient in adenosine kinase and deoxycytidine kinase was, however, coordinated with endogenous adenosine production.	Adenosine	30-39	deoxycytidine kinase	Homo sapiens	89-109
3015597-1	1986	Incubation of SP6 generated mouse histone H4 mRNA precursors in nuclear extracts of HeLa cells yields processed mRNA species which end on the 3" adenosine of the conserved terminal ACCA sequence not unlike ten different histone mRNAs isolated from sea urchin embryos which end either on the 3" C or A.	Adenosine	143-154	trans-acting transcription factor 6	Mus musculus	14-17
3016289-6	1986	The results are consistent with the hypothesis that under the conditions of our experiments, adenosine is formed by a 5"-nucleotidase in association with transport across the cell membrane, perhaps by an enzyme-carrier complex.	Adenosine	93-102	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	118-133
2419924-8	1986	Agents which inhibit the transport of adenosine (dipyridamole, dilazep, papaverine) depressed locomotor activity, as did erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (EHNA, an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	181-200
2987011-1	1985	The concentrations of the adenosine-generating enzyme 5"-nucleotidase (5"-N) and of the adenosine-degrading enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) in the rat left ventricle change as a function of the age of the animal.	Adenosine	26-35	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	54-69
6204743-4	1984	Continuous exposure to glycine (200 microM)-adenosine (100 microM)-thymidine (10 microM) (GAT), along with MTX, protected cells from MTX cytotoxicity by circumventing the requirement for tetrahydrofolate cofactors.	Adenosine	44-53	glycine-N-acyltransferase	Mus musculus	90-93
6330205-2	1984	The stimulated release of beta-hexosaminidase from these cells was significantly augmented by the simultaneous addition of secretagogue and adenosine, NECA, or L-PIA.	Adenosine	140-149	O-GlcNAcase	Mus musculus	26-45
6330205-5	1984	Although the antigen-or A23187-induced release of beta-hexosaminidase was markedly potentiated by exogenous adenosine, the stimulated release of [14C]-labeled arachidonic acid metabolites was minimally affected by adenosine, suggesting a differential effect of adenosine on granule-associated release as compared to generated mediator release.	Adenosine	108-117	O-GlcNAcase	Mus musculus	50-69
6330205-7	1984	Cells cultured in the presence of 100 microM aminophylline for 6 days were hyperresponsive to exogenous adenosine, releasing a maximum of 162% of the amount of beta-hexosaminidase released from control cells in the presence of adenosine.	Adenosine	104-113	O-GlcNAcase	Mus musculus	160-179
6330205-7	1984	Cells cultured in the presence of 100 microM aminophylline for 6 days were hyperresponsive to exogenous adenosine, releasing a maximum of 162% of the amount of beta-hexosaminidase released from control cells in the presence of adenosine.	Adenosine	227-236	O-GlcNAcase	Mus musculus	160-179
6202495-5	1984	GnRH-R increases of 70% were observed when pituitary cells were treated with 1 mM cAMP and 8- bromocAMP , but n-butyric acid, adenosine, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (all 1 mM) were not effective.	Adenosine	126-135	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
6234230-6	1984	Autoradiographic analysis of microenvironmental tissue positioning of [3H]-adenosine labelled cells confirmed a relatively higher localization of Lyt-2 cells in Peyer"s patches than in lymph nodes.	Adenosine	75-84	CD8 antigen, alpha chain	Mus musculus	146-151
6321074-2	1984	It has recently been proposed that an important source of superoxide anion during the respiratory burst that stimulates murine macrophages is the sequential metabolism of adenosine via adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase to uric acid.	Adenosine	171-180	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	185-204
6230223-9	1984	Some increase was also seen with the nonhydrolyzable ATP derivative 5"-adenylylimido-diphosphate, whereas adenosine was inhibitory.	Adenosine	106-115	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8A2	Homo sapiens	53-56
6304066-5	1983	We have examined by the use of perfused rat livers, the uptake mechanism of adenosine generated from AMP by ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	76-85	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	108-128
6304066-10	1983	These results support an uptake mechanism of the AMP-derived adenosine in which the adenosine formed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase in the blood-sinusoidal plasma membrane of hepatocytes, is taken up by the nucleoside transport system located at the plasma membrane side by side with ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	61-70	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	104-124
6304066-10	1983	These results support an uptake mechanism of the AMP-derived adenosine in which the adenosine formed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase in the blood-sinusoidal plasma membrane of hepatocytes, is taken up by the nucleoside transport system located at the plasma membrane side by side with ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	61-70	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	277-297
6304066-10	1983	These results support an uptake mechanism of the AMP-derived adenosine in which the adenosine formed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase in the blood-sinusoidal plasma membrane of hepatocytes, is taken up by the nucleoside transport system located at the plasma membrane side by side with ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	84-93	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	104-124
6304066-10	1983	These results support an uptake mechanism of the AMP-derived adenosine in which the adenosine formed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase in the blood-sinusoidal plasma membrane of hepatocytes, is taken up by the nucleoside transport system located at the plasma membrane side by side with ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	84-93	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	277-297
6301292-10	1983	Differences in the activities of AMP deaminase and 5"-nucleotidase provide a qualitative, biochemical explanation for apparent differences in net adenosine production among muscles composed of different fiber types and between skeletal and cardiac muscle.	Adenosine	146-155	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Canis lupus familiaris	51-66
6296184-5	1983	Adenosine also amplified cAMP accumulation in response to increasing hCG concentrations by 2- to 3-fold in human luteal cells.	Adenosine	0-9	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	69-72
6186849-6	1983	In atria pretreated with islet-activating protein (IAP) both the direct and indirect actions of adenosine, and the actions of N6-phenylisopropyladenosine were markedly attenuated compared with those in nontreated atria.	Adenosine	96-105	Cd47 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	25-49
6186849-6	1983	In atria pretreated with islet-activating protein (IAP) both the direct and indirect actions of adenosine, and the actions of N6-phenylisopropyladenosine were markedly attenuated compared with those in nontreated atria.	Adenosine	96-105	Cd47 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
6186849-9	1983	IAP attenuates both of these inhibitory actions of adenosine on rat atria.	Adenosine	51-60	Cd47 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
6663652-5	1983	The administration of a combination of adenosine and homocysteine thiolactone to MSO-pretreated animals counteracted the MSO-induced decreases in brain Met, AdoMet, and AdoHcy as well as the increase in histamine N-methyltransferase activity.	Adenosine	39-48	histamine N-methyltransferase	Mus musculus	203-232
6211316-9	1982	These data indicate that RFc gamma expression and the immunoregulatory function of T lymphocyte subsets may be modified by drugs acting upon adenosine, H1 and H2 histamine receptors.	Adenosine	141-150	solute carrier family 19 member 1	Homo sapiens	25-28
6264230-5	1980	Both N2a and AK- cells release considerable amounts of adenosine into serum-free medium (SFM) over a short period.	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	13-16
6264230-6	1980	Adenosine release is greater from AK- cells and is accelerated by erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)-adenine (EHNA), a potent adenosine deaminase inhibitor.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	34-37
6264230-8	1980	Surprisingly, dipyridamole and 4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone (Ro 20 1724), a potent phosphodiesterase inhibitor, stimulate basal adenosine release from N2a but not from AK- cells.	Adenosine	146-155	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	186-189
6264330-3	1980	Since rapid conversion of the nucleotides to adenosine by 5"-nucleotidase in the vicinity of the receptor might account for the responses, six experimental methods were developed to distinguish between "local conversion" and direct action of the nucleotides.	Adenosine	45-54	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	58-73
223645-4	1979	In the presence of allopurinol, and inhibitor of xanthine dehydrogenase, hypoxanthine accumulated in the medium as the end-product of adenosine catabolism.	Adenosine	134-143	xanthine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	49-71
220845-4	1979	The build-up of adenosine during incubation was inhibited by theophylline, which inhibits 5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	16-25	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	90-105
679422-5	1978	5"-Nucleotidase, the enzyme which catalyzes the dephosphorylation of 5"-AMP or 5"-IMP to adenosine or inosine, respectively, was found to be located primarily on the external membranes and mitochondria of proximal tubule cells, but not in distal tubule or collecting duct cells.	Adenosine	89-98	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Canis lupus familiaris	0-15
673017-0	1978	Renal action of adenosine: effect on renin secretion in the rat.	Adenosine	16-25	renin	Rattus norvegicus	37-42
43739-2	1978	Both ATP and adenosine act as inhibitors to 5"-Nucleotidase.	Adenosine	13-22	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	44-59
43739-5	1978	Inhibition of 5"-Nucleotidase by adenosine is of non-competitive type, for both normal and liver cirrhotic sera.	Adenosine	33-42	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	14-29
217998-11	1978	It is suggested that this 5"-nucleotidase plays an important role in the production of adenosine from a nucleotide pool in the synaptic cleft.	Adenosine	87-96	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	26-41
562185-1	1977	Adenosine deaminase from calf intestine hydrolyzes adenine at a limiting rate four orders of magnitude lower than that for adenosine, while Km values for these substrates are about the same (Wolfenden, R., et al.	Adenosine	123-132	adenosine deaminase	Bos taurus	0-19
918825-9	1977	These mutations conferred partial resistance to various toxic purine and pyrimidine analogs and preserved HGPRT activity in adenosine-containing medium.	Adenosine	124-133	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	106-111
188467-2	1976	GMP synthetase (xanthosine-5"-phosphate: ammonia ligase (AMP-forming), EC 6.3.4.1) from Ehrlich ascites cells was found to be subject to multiple inhibition by its reaction product, PPi, and some analogs of adenosine.	Adenosine	207-216	guanine monophosphate synthetase	Mus musculus	0-14
813892-4	1975	Adenosine is rapidly deaminated to inosine by adenosine deaminase, and cleaved to hypoxanthine by inosine phosphorylase.	Adenosine	0-9	Adenosine deaminase	Drosophila melanogaster	46-65
167434-1	1975	The in vitro destruction of tumor cells by specifically sensitized mouse lymphocytes was inhibited by adenosine; this inhibition was markedly potentiated by the presence of an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	102-111	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	189-208
234470-3	1975	Substances which inhibit cAMP-dependent protein kinase, namely, EDTA, ADP, and adenosine, and protein kinase modulator, each antagonized the activation of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase produced by cAMP.	Adenosine	79-88	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	155-179
33433704-13	2021	We also conclude that loss of stromal CD73 expression, due to its effect on the extracellular ATP/adenosine balance, may contribute to the pathogenesis of this rare form of endometriosis.	Adenosine	98-107	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	38-42
33745072-2	2021	GBM cells overexpress the CD73 enzyme, which controls the level of extracellular adenosine, an immunosuppressive molecule.	Adenosine	81-90	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	26-30
34049949-1	2021	INTRODUCTION: Herein we investigated the mechanisms by which 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), an activator of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), administered to mice post exposure to bromine (Br2), decreases lung injury and mortality.	Adenosine	132-141	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	188-192
34050151-1	2021	Adenosine is an immunosuppressive factor that limits anti-tumor immunity through the suppression of multiple immune subsets including T cells via activation of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	164-186
34050151-1	2021	Adenosine is an immunosuppressive factor that limits anti-tumor immunity through the suppression of multiple immune subsets including T cells via activation of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	188-192
34042043-8	2022	Adenosine A2AR antagonist has almost the same pattern of improvement as Sinemet  and may be considered as a promising therapy against PD.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	10-14
34031899-2	2021	The ectoenzyme CD73, encoded by the NT5E gene, which catalyses the hydrolysis of AMP into adenosine, has been associated to an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment, tumour cell adhesion and migration.	Adenosine	90-99	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	15-19
34031899-2	2021	The ectoenzyme CD73, encoded by the NT5E gene, which catalyses the hydrolysis of AMP into adenosine, has been associated to an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment, tumour cell adhesion and migration.	Adenosine	90-99	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	36-40
34033815-2	2021	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is hydrolysed to adenosine by different enzymes including ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1/ENTPD1 (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), regulating many physiological and pathological processes in various diseases, but these changes and functions in alcoholic liver disease are generally unknown.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	155-175
34033815-2	2021	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is hydrolysed to adenosine by different enzymes including ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1/ENTPD1 (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), regulating many physiological and pathological processes in various diseases, but these changes and functions in alcoholic liver disease are generally unknown.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	177-181
34033815-2	2021	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is hydrolysed to adenosine by different enzymes including ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1/ENTPD1 (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), regulating many physiological and pathological processes in various diseases, but these changes and functions in alcoholic liver disease are generally unknown.	Adenosine	46-55	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	155-175
34033815-2	2021	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is hydrolysed to adenosine by different enzymes including ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1/ENTPD1 (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), regulating many physiological and pathological processes in various diseases, but these changes and functions in alcoholic liver disease are generally unknown.	Adenosine	46-55	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	177-181
33939417-3	2021	Here we use structural information available for ADAR2-RNA complexes to guide the design of nucleoside analogs for the position in the guide strand that contacts a conserved glutamic acid residue in ADARs (E488 in human ADAR2), which flips the adenosine into the ADAR active site for deamination.	Adenosine	244-253	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	49-54
33939417-3	2021	Here we use structural information available for ADAR2-RNA complexes to guide the design of nucleoside analogs for the position in the guide strand that contacts a conserved glutamic acid residue in ADARs (E488 in human ADAR2), which flips the adenosine into the ADAR active site for deamination.	Adenosine	244-253	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	220-225
34056415-11	2021	The C-terminal truncated DDX3X investigated here hydrolyzes only cytidine triphosphate (CTP) in the absence of RNA and CTP, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and deoxyribose adenosine triphosphate (dATP) in the presence of RNA.	Adenosine	124-133	DEAD-box helicase 3 X-linked	Homo sapiens	25-30
34056415-11	2021	The C-terminal truncated DDX3X investigated here hydrolyzes only cytidine triphosphate (CTP) in the absence of RNA and CTP, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and deoxyribose adenosine triphosphate (dATP) in the presence of RNA.	Adenosine	170-179	DEAD-box helicase 3 X-linked	Homo sapiens	25-30
33949117-1	2021	The current study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which miR-454 influences the progression of heart failure (HF) in relation to the neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated 4-2 (NEDD4-2)/tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA)/cyclic adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate (cAMP) axis.	Adenosine	259-268	NEDD4 like E3 ubiquitin protein ligase	Rattus norvegicus	206-213
33939232-1	2021	BACKGROUND: The type 3 adenylyl cyclase (AC3) enzyme is involved in the synthesis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).	Adenosine	92-101	adenylate cyclase 3	Mus musculus	41-44
33161021-2	2021	ATP is released from cells under physiologic and pathophysiologic condition; extracellular ATP is rapidly degraded to adenosine 5"-diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine by ecto-enzymes (mainly, CD39 and CD73).	Adenosine	118-127	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	197-201
33161021-2	2021	ATP is released from cells under physiologic and pathophysiologic condition; extracellular ATP is rapidly degraded to adenosine 5"-diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine by ecto-enzymes (mainly, CD39 and CD73).	Adenosine	153-162	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	197-201
33506589-7	2021	HAP increased after adenosine (91%) and regadenoson (68%).	Adenosine	20-29	reticulon 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
33931591-4	2021	PDE8A specifically hydrolyzes adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), which is a key second messenger involved in inflammation, cognition, and chronic antidepressant treatment.	Adenosine	30-39	phosphodiesterase 8A	Homo sapiens	0-5
33863781-2	2021	In the brain, adenosine is tightly controlled through its metabolic enzyme adenosine kinase, which exists in a cytoplasmic (ADK-S) and nuclear (ADK-L) isoform.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	75-91
33863781-10	2021	Together, our data demonstrate an association between neuronal ADK expression and developmental processes of the cerebellum, which supports a functional role of ADK-L in the plasticity of the cerebellum.Significance statementThe role through which adenosine metabolism functions in the developing and adult cerebellum is poorly understood.	Adenosine	248-257	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	63-66
33928082-1	2021	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) is an enzyme present on the surface of tumor cells whose primary described function is the production of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	147-156	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-20
33928082-1	2021	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) is an enzyme present on the surface of tumor cells whose primary described function is the production of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	147-156	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	22-26
33928082-2	2021	Due to the immunosuppressive properties of adenosine, CD73 is being investigated as a target for new antitumor therapies.	Adenosine	43-52	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	54-58
33829595-1	2021	We investigated the alterations of sleep regulation and promotion biomarkers as adenosine through its enzymes total adenosine deaminase (tADA)/adenosine deaminase (ADA2) in a microgravity analogue environment of head-down-tilt bed rest and their association with brain connectivity networks during non-rapid eye movement sleep stage 3 (NREM3), as well as the effectiveness of the reactive sledge (RSL) jump countermeasure to promote sleep.	Adenosine	80-89	transcriptional adaptor 2A	Homo sapiens	164-168
33879516-0	2021	Central administration of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors increases food intake involving adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in the lateral hypothalamus in healthy rats.	Adenosine	100-109	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	26-56
33388477-5	2021	In an analysis of 75 immune checkpoint genes, the top up-regulated genes in the EGFR-mutant tumors (NT5E and ADORA1) belonged to the CD73/adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	138-147	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	109-115
33740184-6	2021	The possible role of ectonucleotidases, such as CD39 and CD73, which have the function of dephosphorylating ATP in an immunosuppressive component, adenosine, are also covered in detail.	Adenosine	147-156	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	57-61
33712600-1	2021	ADAR1 is involved in adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	0-5
33737925-1	2021	Background: Adenosine receptor type 2 (A2AR) inhibitor, AZD4635, has been shown to reduce immunosuppressive adenosine effects within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and to enhance the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors across various syngeneic models.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	39-43
33737925-1	2021	Background: Adenosine receptor type 2 (A2AR) inhibitor, AZD4635, has been shown to reduce immunosuppressive adenosine effects within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and to enhance the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors across various syngeneic models.	Adenosine	108-117	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	39-43
33405971-1	2021	INTRODUCTION: Trabodenoson is an adenosine mimetic acting selectively at the A1 receptor (A1R) subtype, involved in multiple signaling pathways including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2) associated with glaucoma pathological processes.	Adenosine	33-42	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	180-185
33151524-5	2021	In addition, 5" adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important regulator of glycogen metabolism.	Adenosine	16-25	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	66-70
33596122-3	2021	Peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), in particular PPARdelta and PPARgamma, are involved in the regulation of lipids and carbohydrates and, along adenosine-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), are implicated in translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4).	Adenosine	162-171	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	81-90
33242526-5	2021	Adenosine-associated virus-mediated hippocampal LASP1 overexpression alleviated the UCMS-induced behavioral results of forced swimming test and sucrose preference test in stressed mice.	Adenosine	0-9	LIM and SH3 protein 1	Mus musculus	48-53
33668426-6	2021	The anti-diabetic effects of metformin are mediated mainly via activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is an energy sensing enzyme activated directly by an increase in the AMP/ATP ratio under conditions of metabolic stress.	Adenosine	77-86	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	133-137
33564128-12	2021	IMPACT: Immune effector cells, that is, monocytes, T cells and MDSCs from cord blood express ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 and may thus serve as a source for adenosine as an immunomodulatory metabolite.	Adenosine	160-169	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	120-124
33547844-7	2021	This is mediated by a persistent ligand-independent activity of dopamine D1/D5 receptor signaling, involving a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway.	Adenosine	118-127	dopamine receptor D1	Mus musculus	64-87
33268695-3	2021	Here, we show that CD73, which generates extracellular adenosine from ATP, and A2B receptor, which is activated by adenosine, are involved in the gamma-radiation-induced DDR and the enhanced migration ability of human glioblastoma cell line A172.	Adenosine	55-64	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	19-23
33268695-3	2021	Here, we show that CD73, which generates extracellular adenosine from ATP, and A2B receptor, which is activated by adenosine, are involved in the gamma-radiation-induced DDR and the enhanced migration ability of human glioblastoma cell line A172.	Adenosine	115-124	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	19-23
33268695-6	2021	These results suggest that activation of A2B receptor by extracellular adenosine generated via CD73 promotes gamma-radiation-induced DDR, leading to recovery from DNA damage, and also enhances cell migration and actin remodeling.	Adenosine	71-80	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	95-99
32632982-7	2021	Consequently, CPT1C gain-of-function significantly reversed mitochondrial dysfunction, as evaluated by increased adenosine triphosphate synthesis and mitochondrial transmembrane potential, decreased radical oxygen species, upregulated respiratory capacity and mRNA expression of genes related to mitochondrial function.	Adenosine	113-122	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C	Homo sapiens	14-19
32648591-0	2021	The role of the CD39-CD73-adenosine pathway in liver disease.	Adenosine	26-35	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	21-25
32648591-2	2021	The ectonucleotidases CD39/ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 and CD73/ecto-5"-nucleotidase are cell-surface enzymes that breakdown extracellular ATP into adenosine.	Adenosine	169-178	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	80-84
32648591-2	2021	The ectonucleotidases CD39/ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 and CD73/ecto-5"-nucleotidase are cell-surface enzymes that breakdown extracellular ATP into adenosine.	Adenosine	169-178	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	85-105
32648591-4	2021	The CD39-CD73-adenosine pathway changes dynamically with the pathophysiological context in which it is embedded.	Adenosine	14-23	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	9-13
32648591-6	2021	Recent studies have shown that the modification of the CD39-CD73-adenosine pathway alters the liver"s response to injury.	Adenosine	65-74	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	60-64
32648591-8	2021	In this review, we aim to describe the role of the CD39-CD73-adenosine pathway and adenosine receptors in liver disease, highlighting potential therapeutic targets in this pathway, which will facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of liver disease.	Adenosine	61-70	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	56-60
33524397-7	2021	Our crystal structures of CtBP1 with AMP reveal participation of the adenosine phosphate in the tetrameric interface, pinpointing its central role in NAD(H) linked assembly.	Adenosine	69-78	C-terminal binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	26-31
33553158-2	2020	Regulatory/effector cell balance is governed by the CD39 ectonucleotidase, the prototype member of the NTPDase family that hydrolyzes ATP and ADP into AMP, subsequently converted into adenosine by CD73.	Adenosine	184-193	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	197-201
33453096-8	2021	Both FST and xp-EHH approaches identified 60 shared genes as the signatures of selection, including four candidate genes (NT5E, ADA2, C8A and C8B) that were enriched for two significant Gene Ontology (GO) terms associated with the adenosine metabolic procedure.	Adenosine	231-240	5'-nucleotidase	Ovis aries	122-126
33453096-8	2021	Both FST and xp-EHH approaches identified 60 shared genes as the signatures of selection, including four candidate genes (NT5E, ADA2, C8A and C8B) that were enriched for two significant Gene Ontology (GO) terms associated with the adenosine metabolic procedure.	Adenosine	231-240	complement component C8 beta chain	Ovis aries	142-145
33396144-7	2021	The activities of the glutamine synthetase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase in the flag leaves at the filling stage and of granule-bound starch synthase, soluble starch synthase, and adenosine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase in the grains at maturity increased significantly with increases in either the BC or FMBC applications.	Adenosine	184-193	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	47-76
33127481-1	2021	Phosphodiesterases catalyze the hydrolysis of cyclic nucleotides and maintain physiologic levels of intracellular concentrations of cyclic adenosine and guanosine mono-phosphate (cAMP and cGMP, respectively).	Adenosine	139-148	phosphodiesterase 11A	Homo sapiens	0-18
33399453-3	2021	The ectonucleotidase CD73 catalyzes the conversion of AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	61-70	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	21-25
33399453-5	2021	CD73 inhibition is anticipated to restore immune function by skirting this major mechanism of adenosine generation.	Adenosine	94-103	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
33430239-2	2021	One such regulatory molecule is the cell surface ectoenzyme ecto-5"-nucleotidase that hydrolyzes the conversion of extracellular adenosine monophosphate to adenosine (eADO).	Adenosine	129-138	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	60-80
33430239-2	2021	One such regulatory molecule is the cell surface ectoenzyme ecto-5"-nucleotidase that hydrolyzes the conversion of extracellular adenosine monophosphate to adenosine (eADO).	Adenosine	156-165	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	60-80
33121948-3	2021	Increasing evidence indicates that ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) plays a vital role in liver disease as a critical component of extracellular adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	140-149	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	35-55
33121948-3	2021	Increasing evidence indicates that ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) plays a vital role in liver disease as a critical component of extracellular adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	140-149	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	57-61
33414479-7	2021	Additionally, reduction of LPS/adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-induced IL-1beta production and caspase-1 activation by IL-10 was reversed in BMDM from AIM-/- mice.	Adenosine	31-40	caspase 1	Mus musculus	92-101
33166513-7	2021	Further, a significant inhibition of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in the infected rabbits was accompanied with the reduction in the pro-inflammatory, IL-6 level while the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-4 level was significantly elevated.	Adenosine	41-50	interleukin-4	Oryctolagus cuniculus	209-213
33123998-1	2021	Adenosine, deriving from ATP released by dying cancer cells and then degradated in the tumor environment by CD39/CD73 enzyme axis, is linked to the generation of an immunosuppressed niche favoring the onset of neoplasia.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	113-117
33180318-12	2021	Polymorphisms in adenosine receptor genes ADORA1 (rs10920568 and rs12744240), ADORA2A (rs34923252 and rs5996696), and ADORA3 (rs10776727 and rs2298191), especially in AHR (rs4410790) and adenosine deaminase (rs521704), play critical roles in the interindividual response to caffeine therapy.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	42-48
33180318-12	2021	Polymorphisms in adenosine receptor genes ADORA1 (rs10920568 and rs12744240), ADORA2A (rs34923252 and rs5996696), and ADORA3 (rs10776727 and rs2298191), especially in AHR (rs4410790) and adenosine deaminase (rs521704), play critical roles in the interindividual response to caffeine therapy.	Adenosine	17-26	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	167-170
33539025-5	2021	These include mechanisms that were conserved during evolution but have gained special features in multicellular eukaryotes, such as pathways regulated by eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF-2)-alpha kinase (GCN2, also named general control nonderepressible 2 kinase), 5"-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and target of rapamycin (TOR).The interplay between IDO-1 and above-mentioned pathway seems to be highly context dependent.	Adenosine	283-292	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	339-343
33683190-7	2021	The A2a receptor (A2aR), one of the targets of adenosine, was also detected.	Adenosine	47-56	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	4-16
33683190-7	2021	The A2a receptor (A2aR), one of the targets of adenosine, was also detected.	Adenosine	47-56	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	18-22
33186592-2	2021	Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an important metabolic regulator, has been implicated in regulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity.	Adenosine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	50-54
33189675-0	2021	Suppression of adenosine A2a receptors alleviates bladder overactivity and hyperalgesia in cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis by inhibiting TRPV1.	Adenosine	15-24	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	139-144
33189675-13	2021	These results suggest that suppression of adenosine A2a receptors in bladder afferents alleviates bladder overactivity and hyperalgesia elicited by CYP-induced cystitis in rats by inhibiting TRPV1, indicating that the adenosine A2a receptor in bladder afferents is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of IC/BPS.	Adenosine	42-51	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	191-196
33148660-3	2021	Loss of ZMYND8 triggered activation of the DNA sensor cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase in micronuclei, leading to further activation of the downstream signaling effectors stimulator of interferon genes and NF-kappaB, but not TANK-binding kinase 1 and interferon regulatory factor 3, thereby inducing the expression of interferon-beta and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in breast cancer cells in vitro and tumors in vivo.	Adenosine	85-94	TANK-binding kinase 1	Mus musculus	256-277
33148660-3	2021	Loss of ZMYND8 triggered activation of the DNA sensor cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase in micronuclei, leading to further activation of the downstream signaling effectors stimulator of interferon genes and NF-kappaB, but not TANK-binding kinase 1 and interferon regulatory factor 3, thereby inducing the expression of interferon-beta and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in breast cancer cells in vitro and tumors in vivo.	Adenosine	85-94	interferon regulatory factor 3	Mus musculus	282-312
32707604-3	2021	The defect is due to biallelic loss of function of ADA2 gene, coding for a protein known to regulate the catabolism of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	133-142	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	51-55
33275195-10	2021	Peroxisome proliferation activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and Cytosine-Cytosine-Adenosine-Adenosine-Thymidine/Enhancer-binding protein alpha (CCAAT/Enhancer-binding protein alpha or C/EBPalpha) are considered to be regulating adipogenesis at the early stage, while adiponectin and fatty acid synthase (FAS) is responsible for the mature adipocyte formation.	Adenosine	84-93	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha	Mus musculus	146-182
33275195-10	2021	Peroxisome proliferation activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and Cytosine-Cytosine-Adenosine-Adenosine-Thymidine/Enhancer-binding protein alpha (CCAAT/Enhancer-binding protein alpha or C/EBPalpha) are considered to be regulating adipogenesis at the early stage, while adiponectin and fatty acid synthase (FAS) is responsible for the mature adipocyte formation.	Adenosine	84-93	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha	Mus musculus	186-196
33275195-10	2021	Peroxisome proliferation activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and Cytosine-Cytosine-Adenosine-Adenosine-Thymidine/Enhancer-binding protein alpha (CCAAT/Enhancer-binding protein alpha or C/EBPalpha) are considered to be regulating adipogenesis at the early stage, while adiponectin and fatty acid synthase (FAS) is responsible for the mature adipocyte formation.	Adenosine	94-103	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha	Mus musculus	146-182
33275195-10	2021	Peroxisome proliferation activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and Cytosine-Cytosine-Adenosine-Adenosine-Thymidine/Enhancer-binding protein alpha (CCAAT/Enhancer-binding protein alpha or C/EBPalpha) are considered to be regulating adipogenesis at the early stage, while adiponectin and fatty acid synthase (FAS) is responsible for the mature adipocyte formation.	Adenosine	94-103	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha	Mus musculus	186-196
32522088-9	2021	Platelet aggregation through activation of the P2Y12 (adenosine diphosphate test) and thrombin receptor (thrombin receptor activating peptide-6 test) decreased (both -33%) and PF4 levels almost doubled (from 48 (95% confidence interval = 42-53 ng/mL) to 77 (95% confidence interval = 71-82 ng/mL); p < 0.01) between weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass and 3 minutes after protamine administration.	Adenosine	54-63	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	47-52
33357687-0	2021	Genistein activated adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase-sirtuin1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha pathway potentially through adiponectin and estrogen receptor beta signaling to suppress fat deposition in broiler chickens.	Adenosine	20-29	sirtuin 1	Gallus gallus	72-80
33357687-0	2021	Genistein activated adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase-sirtuin1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha pathway potentially through adiponectin and estrogen receptor beta signaling to suppress fat deposition in broiler chickens.	Adenosine	20-29	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Gallus gallus	81-148
32961376-4	2021	This immune privilege depends on cell-surface ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73 on niche Tregs, which generate extracellular adenosine, a nucleotide known to suppress immunity and potentiate Tregs.	Adenosine	117-126	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	67-71
33510857-10	2021	Subsequently, the model predicts the effects of six selected drug targets, such as, the deactivation of transketolase and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase among others, in the case of mammalian malignant cells in terms of growth, proliferation, fermentation, and energy supply in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).	Adenosine	289-298	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	122-151
33370779-9	2020	Our results reveal a GATA factor-regulated SLC ensemble, with a nucleoside transporter component that promotes erythropoiesis and prevents anemia, and establish a mechanistic link between GATA factor and adenosine mechanisms.	Adenosine	204-213	GATA binding protein 1	Mus musculus	21-25
33370779-9	2020	Our results reveal a GATA factor-regulated SLC ensemble, with a nucleoside transporter component that promotes erythropoiesis and prevents anemia, and establish a mechanistic link between GATA factor and adenosine mechanisms.	Adenosine	204-213	GATA binding protein 1	Mus musculus	188-192
33370779-10	2020	We propose that integration of the GATA factor-adenosine circuit with other components of the GATA factor-regulated SLC ensemble establishes the small molecule repertoire required for progenitor cells to efficiently generate erythrocytes.	Adenosine	47-56	GATA binding protein 1	Mus musculus	35-39
33370779-10	2020	We propose that integration of the GATA factor-adenosine circuit with other components of the GATA factor-regulated SLC ensemble establishes the small molecule repertoire required for progenitor cells to efficiently generate erythrocytes.	Adenosine	47-56	GATA binding protein 1	Mus musculus	94-98
33393898-10	2021	During infection of an exposed host cell, viral-encoded protease cleaves the polyprotein that results from translation of 5" open reading frame (ORF) of the genome, culminating in releasing of multiple nonstructural proteins such as helicase (Hel), adenosine triphosphate (ATPase) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (Rep).	Adenosine	249-258	helicase for meiosis 1	Homo sapiens	233-241
33393898-10	2021	During infection of an exposed host cell, viral-encoded protease cleaves the polyprotein that results from translation of 5" open reading frame (ORF) of the genome, culminating in releasing of multiple nonstructural proteins such as helicase (Hel), adenosine triphosphate (ATPase) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (Rep).	Adenosine	249-258	helicase for meiosis 1	Homo sapiens	243-246
33326493-4	2020	A non-brain penetrant A1AR agonist [SPA, N6-(p-sulfophenyl) adenosine] also caused hypothermia, in wild type but not mice lacking neuronal A1AR, suggesting that peripheral neuronal A1AR can also cause hypothermia.	Adenosine	60-69	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	22-26
33488292-3	2020	To determine whether CD39 and CD73, which participate in the production of immunosuppressive adenosine (Ado), are involved in the progression of CC, we compared the concentrations and hydrolytic activity of these ectonucleotidases in platelet-free plasma (PFP) samples between patients with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) (n = 18), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) (n = 12), and CC (n = 19) and normal donors (NDs) (n = 15).	Adenosine	93-102	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	30-34
33488292-3	2020	To determine whether CD39 and CD73, which participate in the production of immunosuppressive adenosine (Ado), are involved in the progression of CC, we compared the concentrations and hydrolytic activity of these ectonucleotidases in platelet-free plasma (PFP) samples between patients with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) (n = 18), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) (n = 12), and CC (n = 19) and normal donors (NDs) (n = 15).	Adenosine	104-107	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	30-34
33131093-5	2020	Ada-/- mice cochlea with elevated adenosine caused substantial nerve fiber demyelination and mild hair cell loss.	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-3
33131093-6	2020	ADA enzyme therapy in these mice normalized cochlear adenosine levels, attenuated SNHL, and prevented demyelination.	Adenosine	53-62	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-3
33049319-3	2020	Since adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) are powerful modulators of aberrant synaptic plasticity and A2AR blockade prevents memory dysfunction in various brain diseases, we tested if A2AR could control deficits of memory and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in AS.	Adenosine	6-15	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	31-35
33325366-3	2020	On the other hand, it plays an anti-inflammatory role through conversion to adenosine by CD39 and CD73 on the cell surface and acting via adenosine receptor (P1 purinergic receptor).	Adenosine	76-85	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	98-102
33325366-8	2020	In this review, we summarize that CD39/CD73 synergistically regulates the balance of extracellular ATP and adenosine, thus influencing immune cell functions through P2 receptor and P1 receptor signaling pathway.	Adenosine	107-116	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	39-43
33324223-3	2020	Adenosine and the key adenosine regulators adenosine deaminase (ADA), adenosine kinase (ADK), and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 may play a role in COVID-19 pathogenesis.	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	98-136
33324223-3	2020	Adenosine and the key adenosine regulators adenosine deaminase (ADA), adenosine kinase (ADK), and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 may play a role in COVID-19 pathogenesis.	Adenosine	22-31	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	98-136
33324223-5	2020	Depending on the stage of exposure to and infection by SARS-CoV-2, enhancing adenosine levels by targeting key adenosine regulators such as ADA, ADK and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 might find therapeutic use against COVID-19 and warrants further investigation.	Adenosine	77-86	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	153-191
32786396-2	2020	Blocking adenosine production by inhibiting nucleotide-metabolizing enzymes, such as ecto-nucleotidases CD73 and CD39, represents a promising therapeutic strategy that may synergize with other immuno-oncology mechanisms and chemotherapies.	Adenosine	9-18	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	104-108
33274346-4	2020	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, such as P-glycoprotein (Pgp), line the luminal membrane of the brain capillary endothelium facing the vascular space.	Adenosine	0-9	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group)	Homo sapiens	47-50
33046502-4	2020	We find widespread loss of adenosine-to-inosine editing of Alu RNAs in MS. Unedited Alu RNAs are potent activators of both IFN and NF-kappaB responses via the dsRNA sensors, RIG-I, and TLR3.	Adenosine	27-36	toll like receptor 3	Homo sapiens	185-189
33167595-1	2020	Huntington"s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by pathogenic expansions of the triplet cytosine-adenosine-guanosine (CAG) within the Huntingtin gene.	Adenosine	134-143	huntingtin	Homo sapiens	171-181
32985862-1	2020	Extracellular adenosine, produced through the activity of the ecto-5"-nucleotidase CD73, elicits potent immune-suppressive effects and its upregulation in tumor cells as well as in stromal and immune cell subsets within the tumor microenvironment is hypothesized to represent an important resistance mechanism to current cancer immunotherapies.	Adenosine	14-23	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	62-82
32985862-1	2020	Extracellular adenosine, produced through the activity of the ecto-5"-nucleotidase CD73, elicits potent immune-suppressive effects and its upregulation in tumor cells as well as in stromal and immune cell subsets within the tumor microenvironment is hypothesized to represent an important resistance mechanism to current cancer immunotherapies.	Adenosine	14-23	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	83-87
33147453-3	2020	Here, we demonstrate a Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9-ADAR2 fusion system that uses a 3" modified guide RNA (gRNA) to enable adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing of specific bases on reporter and endogenously expressed mRNAs.	Adenosine	122-131	type II CRISPR RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9	Streptococcus pyogenes	46-50
32870821-5	2020	In contrast, the proposal for therapeutic use of anti-hypoxic oxygenation described here was motivated by the need to prevent the hypoxia/HIF-1alpha-driven accumulation of extracellular adenosine to (i) unleash anti-tumor immune cells from inhibition by intracellular cAMP and (ii) prevent immunosuppressive transcription of cAMP response element- and hypoxia response element-containing immunosuppressive gene products (e.g. TGF-beta.	Adenosine	186-195	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	426-434
32839491-2	2020	It also activates DNA-dependent protein kinase and poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase enzymes that induce phosphorylation of H2AX and protein PARylation.	Adenosine	57-66	H2A.X variant histone	Homo sapiens	143-147
33357653-2	2020	The FFR values obtained with nicorandil and adenosine showed linear relationship.	Adenosine	44-53	VPS51 subunit of GARP complex	Homo sapiens	4-7
32934715-1	2020	Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK), is an adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-related kinase that serves important roles in tumourigenesis in multiple malignant tumours.	Adenosine	55-64	maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase	Homo sapiens	0-40
32934715-1	2020	Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK), is an adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-related kinase that serves important roles in tumourigenesis in multiple malignant tumours.	Adenosine	55-64	maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase	Homo sapiens	42-46
33142488-9	2020	Compared with the CON group, the hepatic genes expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKalpha), silent 1, (SIRT1) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) were all increased (P < 0.05), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) expression was decreased (P < 0.05) in the TAU2 group.	Adenosine	61-70	sirtuin 1	Gallus gallus	140-145
33142488-9	2020	Compared with the CON group, the hepatic genes expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKalpha), silent 1, (SIRT1) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) were all increased (P < 0.05), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) expression was decreased (P < 0.05) in the TAU2 group.	Adenosine	61-70	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Gallus gallus	227-270
33142488-9	2020	Compared with the CON group, the hepatic genes expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKalpha), silent 1, (SIRT1) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) were all increased (P < 0.05), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) expression was decreased (P < 0.05) in the TAU2 group.	Adenosine	61-70	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Gallus gallus	272-279
32682003-6	2020	In addition, CA enhanced cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) generation, which led to the phosphorylations of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3) receptor, and reduced clot retraction without any anticoagulation effect.	Adenosine	32-41	vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein	Homo sapiens	112-149
33143367-2	2020	We show that methyltransferase-like proteins METTL3/METTL14 and N6-adenosine methylation (m6A) in RNAs are homogeneously distributed in embryonic hearts, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors valproic acid and Trichostatin A (TSA) up-regulate METTL3/METTL14 proteins.	Adenosine	67-76	methyltransferase like 3	Mus musculus	90-93
33143367-2	2020	We show that methyltransferase-like proteins METTL3/METTL14 and N6-adenosine methylation (m6A) in RNAs are homogeneously distributed in embryonic hearts, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors valproic acid and Trichostatin A (TSA) up-regulate METTL3/METTL14 proteins.	Adenosine	67-76	methyltransferase like 3	Mus musculus	247-253
33335662-2	2020	Traditional efforts used to inhibit the ecto-5"-nucleotidase have involved antibody therapy or development of small molecule inhibitors that can mimic the acidic and ionizable structure of adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP).	Adenosine	189-198	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	40-60
33119719-6	2020	The simultaneous stimulation with collagen and CXCL12 induced the secretion of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB and the release of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) from human platelets in addition to their aggregation, despite the fact that the simultaneous stimulation with thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP) or adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and CXCL12 had little effects on the platelet aggregation.	Adenosine	326-335	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12	Homo sapiens	47-53
33195689-1	2020	Background: The aim of this study was to research the effects of glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) in rat Muller cells and the effects of an adenosine A2AR antagonist (SCH 442416) on GS and GLAST in hypoxia both in vivo and in vitro.	Adenosine	177-186	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	187-191
32989163-2	2020	Two major human AlkB family members, FTO and ALKBH5, both act as oxidative demethylases of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) but furnish different major products, N6-hydroxymethyladenosine (hm6A) and adenosine (A), respectively.	Adenosine	100-109	alkB homolog 5, RNA demethylase	Homo sapiens	45-51
33031409-3	2020	This off label-treatment was based on preclinical studies in mice with LPS-induced ARDS, where inhaled adenosine/A2AR agonists protected oxygenated lungs from the deadly inflammatory damage.	Adenosine	103-112	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	113-117
33146290-10	2020	Interestingly, direct injection of adenosine A1 or substance P receptor antagonists, or dorsal nerve root transection could significantly impair electroacupuncture induced analgesic actions in Complete Freund"s Adjuvant rats could and reduce the levels of substance P, neurokinin-1 receptor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6 and CD68.	Adenosine	35-44	Cd68 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	358-362
32847938-0	2020	An IL6-Adenosine Positive Feedback Loop between CD73+ gammadeltaTregs and CAFs Promotes Tumor Progression in Human Breast Cancer.	Adenosine	7-16	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	48-52
32847938-4	2020	CD73+ gammadeltaTregs could in turn promote IL6 secretion by CAFs through adenosine/A2BR/p38MAPK signaling, thereby forming an IL6-adenosine positive feedback loop.	Adenosine	74-83	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
32847938-4	2020	CD73+ gammadeltaTregs could in turn promote IL6 secretion by CAFs through adenosine/A2BR/p38MAPK signaling, thereby forming an IL6-adenosine positive feedback loop.	Adenosine	74-83	T-box transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	61-65
32847938-4	2020	CD73+ gammadeltaTregs could in turn promote IL6 secretion by CAFs through adenosine/A2BR/p38MAPK signaling, thereby forming an IL6-adenosine positive feedback loop.	Adenosine	131-140	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
32847938-4	2020	CD73+ gammadeltaTregs could in turn promote IL6 secretion by CAFs through adenosine/A2BR/p38MAPK signaling, thereby forming an IL6-adenosine positive feedback loop.	Adenosine	131-140	T-box transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	61-65
32847938-6	2020	The data indicate that the IL6-adenosine loop between CD73+ gammadeltaTregs and CAFs is important to promote immunosuppression and tumor progression in human breast cancer, which may be critical for tumor immunotherapy.	Adenosine	31-40	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	54-58
32847938-6	2020	The data indicate that the IL6-adenosine loop between CD73+ gammadeltaTregs and CAFs is important to promote immunosuppression and tumor progression in human breast cancer, which may be critical for tumor immunotherapy.	Adenosine	31-40	T-box transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	80-84
32945585-6	2020	RESULTS: We verified that crystal-induced extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) upregulation via the membrane purinergic 2X7 receptor (P2X7 R) promotes ROS generation and thereby activates NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated interleukin-1beta/18 maturation and gasdermin D cleavage.	Adenosine	56-65	gasdermin D	Homo sapiens	258-269
32755765-2	2020	Elevated expression of CD73 and CD39 is correlated with the over-production of adenosine in the tumor region.	Adenosine	79-88	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	23-27
32579955-0	2020	Analgesic action of adenosine A1 receptor involves the dephosphorylation of glycine receptor alpha1ins subunit in spinal dorsal horn of mice.	Adenosine	20-29	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	30-41
32579955-3	2020	Here we found that peripheral inflammation induced by Complete Freund"s Adjuvant increased Ser380 phosphorylation in spinal cord dorsal horn of mice, which was repressed by specific activation of adenosine A1 receptor (A1R).	Adenosine	196-205	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	206-217
32579955-3	2020	Here we found that peripheral inflammation induced by Complete Freund"s Adjuvant increased Ser380 phosphorylation in spinal cord dorsal horn of mice, which was repressed by specific activation of adenosine A1 receptor (A1R).	Adenosine	196-205	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	219-222
32918234-7	2020	Further administration of adenylyl cyclase (AC) inhibitor and sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) CRISPR activator suggested that the AC-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) axis participated in PACAP signaling after SAH, which inhibited the expression of edema-related proteins, SUR1 and aquaporin-4 (AQP4), through SUR1 phosphorylation.	Adenosine	139-148	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	214-219
32981507-2	2021	BACKGROUND: CD73 (ecto-5"-NT) represents the most significant class of ecto-nucleotidases which are mainly responsible for dephosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	144-153	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	12-16
32981507-2	2021	BACKGROUND: CD73 (ecto-5"-NT) represents the most significant class of ecto-nucleotidases which are mainly responsible for dephosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	171-180	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	12-16
32682846-4	2020	It was shown that zinc significantly induced the level of Beclin1 and LC3B by activating adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway.	Adenosine	89-98	microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta	Homo sapiens	70-74
33072768-1	2020	Cyclase-associated protein (CAP) has been discovered three decades ago in budding yeast as a protein that associates with the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-producing adenylyl cyclase and that suppresses a hyperactive RAS2 variant.	Adenosine	133-142	Ras family GTPase RAS2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	225-229
32865411-0	2020	Orally Bioavailable Small Molecule CD73 Inhibitor (OP-5244) Reverses Immunosuppression Through Blockade of Adenosine Production.	Adenosine	107-116	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	35-39
32865411-2	2020	In this pathway, ecto-5-nucleotidase CD73 has the unique function of regulating production of immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO) through the hydrolysis of AMP.	Adenosine	112-121	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	17-36
32865411-2	2020	In this pathway, ecto-5-nucleotidase CD73 has the unique function of regulating production of immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO) through the hydrolysis of AMP.	Adenosine	112-121	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	37-41
32865411-2	2020	In this pathway, ecto-5-nucleotidase CD73 has the unique function of regulating production of immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO) through the hydrolysis of AMP.	Adenosine	123-126	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	17-36
32865411-2	2020	In this pathway, ecto-5-nucleotidase CD73 has the unique function of regulating production of immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO) through the hydrolysis of AMP.	Adenosine	123-126	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	37-41
32865411-3	2020	CD73 is overexpressed in many cancers, resulting in elevated levels of ADO that corresponds to poor patient prognosis.	Adenosine	71-74	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
32865411-4	2020	Therefore, reducing the level of ADO via inhibition of CD73 is a potential strategy for treating cancers.	Adenosine	33-36	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	55-59
32865411-5	2020	Based on the binding mode of adenosine 5"-( , -methylene)diphosphate (AOPCP) with human CD73, we designed a series of novel monophosphonate small molecule CD73 inhibitors.	Adenosine	29-38	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	88-92
32865411-5	2020	Based on the binding mode of adenosine 5"-( , -methylene)diphosphate (AOPCP) with human CD73, we designed a series of novel monophosphonate small molecule CD73 inhibitors.	Adenosine	29-38	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	155-159
32961824-0	2020	Adenosine Receptor Ligands: Coumarin-Chalcone Hybrids as Modulating Agents on the Activity of hARs.	Adenosine	0-9	RIEG2	Homo sapiens	94-98
32961824-1	2020	Adenosine receptors (ARs) play an important role in neurological and psychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer"s disease, Parkinson"s disease, epilepsy and schizophrenia.	Adenosine	0-9	RIEG2	Homo sapiens	21-24
32739778-2	2020	The ectonucleotidase CD39 degrades extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine monophosphate (AMP), which is degraded to adenosine by CD73.	Adenosine	49-58	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	146-150
32739778-2	2020	The ectonucleotidase CD39 degrades extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine monophosphate (AMP), which is degraded to adenosine by CD73.	Adenosine	81-90	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	146-150
32739778-2	2020	The ectonucleotidase CD39 degrades extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine monophosphate (AMP), which is degraded to adenosine by CD73.	Adenosine	81-90	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	146-150
32739778-11	2020	Therefore, inhibition of CD39 and/or CD73 has evident advantages over A2aR blockade to fully revert suppression of antitumor immune responses by the adenosine axis.	Adenosine	149-158	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	37-41
32585229-0	2020	The therapeutic potential of targeting CD73 and CD73-derived adenosine in melanoma.	Adenosine	61-70	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	48-52
32585229-3	2020	Overaccumulation of CD73-derived adenosine through interaction with its four G coupled receptors (A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR, and A3AR) mediate tumor growth, immune suppression, angiogenesis, and metastasis.	Adenosine	33-42	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	20-24
32585229-6	2020	Then, we depict the metabolism and signaling of CD73-derived adenosine along with its progressive role in development of melanoma.	Adenosine	61-70	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	48-52
32585229-7	2020	Furthermore, the therapeutic potentials of CD73 -adenosine axis targeting is assessed in both preclinical and clinical studies.	Adenosine	49-58	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	43-47
32585229-8	2020	Targeting CD73-derived adenosine via small molecule inhibitor or monoclonal antibodies studies especially in combination with immune checkpoint blockers including PD-1 and CTLA-4 have shown desirable results for management of melanoma in preclinical studies and several clinical trials have recently been started to evaluate the therapeutic potential of CD73-derived adenosine targeting in solid tumors.	Adenosine	23-32	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	10-14
32585229-8	2020	Targeting CD73-derived adenosine via small molecule inhibitor or monoclonal antibodies studies especially in combination with immune checkpoint blockers including PD-1 and CTLA-4 have shown desirable results for management of melanoma in preclinical studies and several clinical trials have recently been started to evaluate the therapeutic potential of CD73-derived adenosine targeting in solid tumors.	Adenosine	23-32	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	354-358
32585229-8	2020	Targeting CD73-derived adenosine via small molecule inhibitor or monoclonal antibodies studies especially in combination with immune checkpoint blockers including PD-1 and CTLA-4 have shown desirable results for management of melanoma in preclinical studies and several clinical trials have recently been started to evaluate the therapeutic potential of CD73-derived adenosine targeting in solid tumors.	Adenosine	367-376	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	10-14
32585229-8	2020	Targeting CD73-derived adenosine via small molecule inhibitor or monoclonal antibodies studies especially in combination with immune checkpoint blockers including PD-1 and CTLA-4 have shown desirable results for management of melanoma in preclinical studies and several clinical trials have recently been started to evaluate the therapeutic potential of CD73-derived adenosine targeting in solid tumors.	Adenosine	367-376	programmed cell death 1	Homo sapiens	163-167
32585229-9	2020	Indeed, targeting of CD73-derived adenosine signaling could be considered as a new therapeutic target in melanoma.	Adenosine	34-43	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	21-25
32350590-2	2020	CD73, which is the enzyme that produces extracellular adenosine, favors cancer progression and protects the tumor from immune surveillance.	Adenosine	54-63	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
33747526-0	2021	Skewed CD39/CD73/adenosine pathway contributes to B-cell hyperactivation and disease progression in patients with chronic hepatitis B.	Adenosine	17-26	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	12-16
33747526-8	2021	In vitro, B-cells from CHB patients showed a markedly reduced capacity to generate CD39/CD73-dependent extracellular adenosine and expressed increased levels of activation markers after adenosine-production blockade.	Adenosine	117-126	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	88-92
33747526-10	2021	Conclusions: The skewed CD39 and CD73 expression on B-cells was associated with a high viral burden, liver inflammation, and antiviral efficacy in CHB patients, and the skewed CD39/CD73/adenosine pathway contributed to B-cell hyperactivation.	Adenosine	186-195	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	33-37
32872297-1	2020	Human apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease APE1 hydrolyzes phosphodiester bonds on the 5" side of an AP-site, and some damaged nucleotides such as 1,N6-ethenoadenosine (epsilonA), alpha-adenosine (alphaA), and 5,6-dihydrouridine (DHU).	Adenosine	161-170	apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	46-50
32911914-2	2020	Reactive oxygen species, high concentrations of adenosine triphosphate and uric acid activate the pyroptosis system, which then cleaves the pore formation mechanism of gasdermin-D, leading to the death of liver cells, accompanied by the release of interleukin-1beta, interleukin-18, and other inflammatory factors.	Adenosine	48-57	gasdermin D	Homo sapiens	168-179
32824670-0	2020	Decreased Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 (ENT1) Activity Contributes to the High Extracellular Adenosine Levels in Mesenchymal Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells.	Adenosine	103-112	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	10-48
32824670-0	2020	Decreased Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 (ENT1) Activity Contributes to the High Extracellular Adenosine Levels in Mesenchymal Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells.	Adenosine	103-112	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	50-54
32824670-8	2020	While in mesenchymal GSCs, both CD73 and Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP) contribute to the AMP (adenosine monophosphate) hydrolysis.	Adenosine	97-106	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	32-36
32824670-10	2020	In conclusion, the lower expression and activity of the ENT1 transporter in mesenchymal GSCs contributes to the high level of extracellular adenosine that these GSCs present.	Adenosine	140-149	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	56-60
32821086-10	2020	The nucleoside analog inhibits the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) by competing with the usual counterpart adenosine triphosphate (ATP).	Adenosine	117-126	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	71-75
32615088-3	2020	Phosphorylated METTL3 is then localized to DNA damage sites, where it methylates the N6 position of adenosine (m6A) in DNA damage-associated RNAs, which recruits the m6A reader protein YTHDC1 for protection.	Adenosine	100-109	methyltransferase like 3	Mus musculus	15-21
32615088-3	2020	Phosphorylated METTL3 is then localized to DNA damage sites, where it methylates the N6 position of adenosine (m6A) in DNA damage-associated RNAs, which recruits the m6A reader protein YTHDC1 for protection.	Adenosine	100-109	YTH domain containing 1	Mus musculus	185-191
32648904-1	2020	Sympathetically mediated contractions of smooth muscle cells in vasa deferentia are mediated by neuronally released adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) and noradrenaline, which stimulate P2X1-purinoreceptors and alpha1A-adrenoceptors respectively.	Adenosine	116-125	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Rattus norvegicus	183-187
32311827-4	2020	Upregulation of Ang II and adenosine activate NOX via AT1R and A1R in renal microvessels, leading to superoxide production.	Adenosine	27-36	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	54-58
32781414-1	2020	Adenosine signaling through A2AR serves as a negative regulator of the immune system.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	28-32
32781414-8	2020	To this end, this review will revisit how and where adenosine-A2AR signaling regulates the immune system and anti-tumor immunity so as to reveal opportunities for improving the translational success of this immunotherapy.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	62-66
32431116-10	2020	However, all the renal abnormalities above in OVE26 mice were significantly attenuated by 3-month FGF21 treatment associated with improvement of renal adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression.	Adenosine	151-160	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	98-103
32643277-1	2020	CD73 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein that attenuates tumour immunity via cooperating with CD39 to generate immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	150-159	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
32650798-1	2020	BACKGROUND: Human adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) is an extracellular enzyme that negatively regulates adenosine-mediated cell signaling by converting adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	18-27	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	41-45
32650798-1	2020	BACKGROUND: Human adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) is an extracellular enzyme that negatively regulates adenosine-mediated cell signaling by converting adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	100-109	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	18-39
32650798-1	2020	BACKGROUND: Human adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) is an extracellular enzyme that negatively regulates adenosine-mediated cell signaling by converting adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	100-109	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	41-45
32651404-1	2020	The enzyme nicotidamide-N-methyltransferase (NNMT) regulates adipose tissue energy expenditure through increasing nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD+) content.	Adenosine	127-136	nicotinamide N-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	11-43
32651404-1	2020	The enzyme nicotidamide-N-methyltransferase (NNMT) regulates adipose tissue energy expenditure through increasing nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD+) content.	Adenosine	127-136	nicotinamide N-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	45-49
32660149-8	2020	Mechanically, BBR-mediated metabolic reprogramming of alanine-supplemented HCC via GPT1 suppression attenuated adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and thus suppressed HCC growth.	Adenosine	111-120	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	83-87
32733207-7	2020	Disruption of adenosine A1R exacerbated morphological, cellular, and functional damage induced by CIH.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	24-27
32733207-8	2020	In contrast, activation of adenosine A1R signaling reduced morphological changes and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, promoted LTP, and enhanced learning and memory.	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	37-40
32523687-2	2020	We have previously demonstrated that sustained adenosine exposure by inhibition of adenosine degradation impairs lung endothelial barrier integrity and causes intrinsic apoptosis through equilibrative nucleoside transporter1/2-mediated intracellular adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	47-56	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	187-226
32523687-2	2020	We have previously demonstrated that sustained adenosine exposure by inhibition of adenosine degradation impairs lung endothelial barrier integrity and causes intrinsic apoptosis through equilibrative nucleoside transporter1/2-mediated intracellular adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	83-92	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	187-226
32523687-2	2020	We have previously demonstrated that sustained adenosine exposure by inhibition of adenosine degradation impairs lung endothelial barrier integrity and causes intrinsic apoptosis through equilibrative nucleoside transporter1/2-mediated intracellular adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	83-92	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	187-226
32523687-3	2020	In this study, we further demonstrated that sustained adenosine exposure increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and reduced mitochondrial respiration via equilibrative nucleoside transporter1/2, but not via adenosine receptor-mediated signaling.	Adenosine	54-63	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	163-202
32523687-8	2020	Our results suggest that inhibition of equilibrative nucleoside transporter1/2 and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants may be potential therapeutic approaches for lung diseases associated with sustained elevated adenosine.	Adenosine	211-220	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	39-78
32509171-6	2020	Then, the mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia were assayed to evaluate the function of the caveolin 1-Recombinant Human Ras-Related C1/nicotinamide adenosine diphosphate oxidase 2-NR2B gene (Cav-1-Rac1/NOX2-NR2B) signaling pathway.	Adenosine	148-157	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Homo sapiens	180-184
32489531-0	2020	CD73+ extracellular vesicles inhibit angiogenesis through adenosine A2B receptor signalling.	Adenosine	58-67	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
32507359-3	2020	Genetic alterations in GNAS, PRKAR1A, PRKACA, PRKACB, PDE11A, and PDE8B, that lead to aberrant cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein (cAMP) kinase A signaling, were found to play a major role in the development of benign cortisol-producing adrenocortical tumors and/or hyperplasias, whereas genetic defects in KCNJ5, ATP1A1, ATP2B3, CACNA1D, CACNA1H, and CLCN2 were implicated in the development of benign aldosterone-producing tumors and/or hyperplasias through modification of intracellular calcium signaling.	Adenosine	102-111	protein kinase cAMP-dependent type I regulatory subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	29-36
32507359-3	2020	Genetic alterations in GNAS, PRKAR1A, PRKACA, PRKACB, PDE11A, and PDE8B, that lead to aberrant cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein (cAMP) kinase A signaling, were found to play a major role in the development of benign cortisol-producing adrenocortical tumors and/or hyperplasias, whereas genetic defects in KCNJ5, ATP1A1, ATP2B3, CACNA1D, CACNA1H, and CLCN2 were implicated in the development of benign aldosterone-producing tumors and/or hyperplasias through modification of intracellular calcium signaling.	Adenosine	102-111	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit beta	Homo sapiens	46-52
32507359-3	2020	Genetic alterations in GNAS, PRKAR1A, PRKACA, PRKACB, PDE11A, and PDE8B, that lead to aberrant cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein (cAMP) kinase A signaling, were found to play a major role in the development of benign cortisol-producing adrenocortical tumors and/or hyperplasias, whereas genetic defects in KCNJ5, ATP1A1, ATP2B3, CACNA1D, CACNA1H, and CLCN2 were implicated in the development of benign aldosterone-producing tumors and/or hyperplasias through modification of intracellular calcium signaling.	Adenosine	102-111	phosphodiesterase 11A	Homo sapiens	54-60
32507359-3	2020	Genetic alterations in GNAS, PRKAR1A, PRKACA, PRKACB, PDE11A, and PDE8B, that lead to aberrant cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein (cAMP) kinase A signaling, were found to play a major role in the development of benign cortisol-producing adrenocortical tumors and/or hyperplasias, whereas genetic defects in KCNJ5, ATP1A1, ATP2B3, CACNA1D, CACNA1H, and CLCN2 were implicated in the development of benign aldosterone-producing tumors and/or hyperplasias through modification of intracellular calcium signaling.	Adenosine	102-111	phosphodiesterase 8B	Homo sapiens	66-71
32507359-3	2020	Genetic alterations in GNAS, PRKAR1A, PRKACA, PRKACB, PDE11A, and PDE8B, that lead to aberrant cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein (cAMP) kinase A signaling, were found to play a major role in the development of benign cortisol-producing adrenocortical tumors and/or hyperplasias, whereas genetic defects in KCNJ5, ATP1A1, ATP2B3, CACNA1D, CACNA1H, and CLCN2 were implicated in the development of benign aldosterone-producing tumors and/or hyperplasias through modification of intracellular calcium signaling.	Adenosine	102-111	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 H	Homo sapiens	343-350
32092816-2	2020	It has been shown to mediate numerous pathophysiological processes, including the regulation of synaptic plasticity and Wnt-associated signaling, via promoting the ubiquitination of its substrates, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-response element binding protein regulated transcription coactivator 3 (CRTC3), alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazo-lepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR), and Dishevelled2 (Dvl2).	Adenosine	213-222	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 3	Homo sapiens	316-321
32165041-1	2020	Adenosine pathway, including its generating enzyme (CD73) and its receptors represents a key target for cancer immunotherapy.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	52-56
32141895-5	2020	RECENT FINDINGS: Initial studies showed that elevated soluble CD73 (sCD73, converts AMP to adenosine) results in increased circulating adenosine that activates the A2B adenosine receptor (ADORA2B).	Adenosine	91-100	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	62-66
32141895-5	2020	RECENT FINDINGS: Initial studies showed that elevated soluble CD73 (sCD73, converts AMP to adenosine) results in increased circulating adenosine that activates the A2B adenosine receptor (ADORA2B).	Adenosine	135-144	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	62-66
32141895-10	2020	Follow-up studies showed that erythrocyte equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (eENT1) is a key purinergic cellular component controlling plasma adenosine in humans at high altitude and mice under hypoxia and underlies the quicker and higher elevation of plasma adenosine upon re-ascent because of prior hypoxia-induced degradation of eENT1.	Adenosine	147-156	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	42-80
32141895-10	2020	Follow-up studies showed that erythrocyte equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (eENT1) is a key purinergic cellular component controlling plasma adenosine in humans at high altitude and mice under hypoxia and underlies the quicker and higher elevation of plasma adenosine upon re-ascent because of prior hypoxia-induced degradation of eENT1.	Adenosine	264-273	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	42-80
31820090-4	2020	SPI or EPL increased the protein and activity levels of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E), an enzyme that synthesizes ADO, compared to control.	Adenosine	112-115	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	56-76
31820090-4	2020	SPI or EPL increased the protein and activity levels of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E), an enzyme that synthesizes ADO, compared to control.	Adenosine	112-115	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	78-82
32291109-6	2020	When HPRT was knocked down in a Raji cell line, the levels of adenosine were reduced significantly compared to the wild type.	Adenosine	62-71	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	5-9
32323755-1	2020	Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a major cellular energy sensor that is activated by an increase in the AMP/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio.	Adenosine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	56-60
32323755-1	2020	Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a major cellular energy sensor that is activated by an increase in the AMP/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio.	Adenosine	140-149	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	56-60
31898347-2	2020	Notably, CFIm25, CPSF73 and PAP have essential roles for poly(A) site selection, mRNA cleavage and adenosine residues polymerization.	Adenosine	99-108	mitochondrial ribosomal protein S30	Homo sapiens	28-31
32409420-0	2020	Conversion of ATP to adenosine by CD39 and CD73 in multiple myeloma can be successfully targeted together with adenosine receptor A2A blockade.	Adenosine	21-30	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	43-47
32409420-3	2020	CD39 and CD73 convert extracellular ATP to adenosine, which inhibits T-cell effector functions via the adenosine receptor A2A (A2AR).	Adenosine	43-52	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	9-13
32337854-8	2020	Interestingly, although V2 O5 induces IL-1beta release and delays caspase 1 activation by vanadium ion interference in membrane Na+ /K+ adenosine triphosphate (ATP)ase activity, the major cell death mechanism in KC (and Hepa 1-6) is caspase 3 mediated apoptosis.	Adenosine	136-145	caspase 1	Mus musculus	66-75
32345959-4	2020	In addition, CD73+gammadeltaT1 cells exert an immunosuppressive effect via adenosine generation.	Adenosine	75-84	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	13-17
32344922-3	2020	One of the dominant pathways generating extracellular adenosine involves the dephosphorylation of ATP by ecto-nucleotidases CD39 and CD73, which efficiently hydrolyze extracellular ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	54-63	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	133-137
32344922-3	2020	One of the dominant pathways generating extracellular adenosine involves the dephosphorylation of ATP by ecto-nucleotidases CD39 and CD73, which efficiently hydrolyze extracellular ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	188-197	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	133-137
32212732-2	2020	When upregulated in the tumor microenvironment, CD73 has been implicated in the inhibition of immune function through overproduction of adenosine.	Adenosine	136-145	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	48-52
32351498-1	2020	CD73, a cell surface 5"nucleotidase that generates adenosine, has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target for reprogramming cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment to dampen antitumor immune cell evasion.	Adenosine	51-60	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
33457090-1	2020	Synthesis of extracellular adenosine by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 represents an important pathway of immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment.	Adenosine	27-36	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	71-75
32160899-3	2020	The aim of this study was to investigate the role of peripheral CD8+T cells expressing CD73, involved in the generation of the immune suppressive molecule adenosine, in predicting outcome after nivolumab treatment in advanced melanoma patients.	Adenosine	155-164	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	87-91
32171193-7	2020	IL-37 performs its immunosuppressive activity by acting on mTOR and increasing the adenosine monophosphate (AMP) kinase.	Adenosine	83-92	interleukin 37	Homo sapiens	0-5
32032283-0	2020	MicroRNA-338-5p alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by targeting connective tissue growth factor through the adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway.	Adenosine	121-130	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	77-108
32032283-7	2020	More importantly, miR-338-5p affected the adenosine 5$-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway by regulating CTGF expression in Neuro-2a cells exposed to H/R.	Adenosine	42-51	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	176-180
32009885-7	2019	We also characterized editing sites of the exosome-enriched miRNAs and found six exosome-enriched miRNAs that were adenosine-to-inosine (ADAR) edited with the majority of the editing events predicted to occur within miRNA seed regions.	Adenosine	115-124	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	137-141
32009879-6	2019	In mammals, adenosine is converted to inosine by the deamination enzymes ADAR1 and ADAR2.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	73-78
31924792-2	2020	Here, we report that adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR1), responsible for adenosine-to-inosine editing of RNA, is required for regulating the development of two neural crest derivatives: melanocytes and Schwann cells.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	56-61
31924792-2	2020	Here, we report that adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR1), responsible for adenosine-to-inosine editing of RNA, is required for regulating the development of two neural crest derivatives: melanocytes and Schwann cells.	Adenosine	80-89	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	56-61
32417494-1	2020	Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the main energy sensor in mammals, but limited information is available regarding its role as an energy sensor in nutrient-restricted fish particularly in period of overwinter starvation.	Adenosine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	50-54
31786982-2	2020	We observed elevated adenosine and A2AR levels following infusion of mice with Ang II (angiotensin II), suggesting a potential role for the adenosine-A2AR system in macrophage accumulation and subsequent aortic remodeling.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	150-154
31786982-2	2020	We observed elevated adenosine and A2AR levels following infusion of mice with Ang II (angiotensin II), suggesting a potential role for the adenosine-A2AR system in macrophage accumulation and subsequent aortic remodeling.	Adenosine	140-149	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	35-39
31786982-2	2020	We observed elevated adenosine and A2AR levels following infusion of mice with Ang II (angiotensin II), suggesting a potential role for the adenosine-A2AR system in macrophage accumulation and subsequent aortic remodeling.	Adenosine	140-149	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	150-154
31930120-1	2019	Background: Adenosine, derived from the degradation of ATP via ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, is a critical immunosuppressive metabolite in the hypoxic microenvironment of tumor tissue.	Adenosine	12-21	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	90-94
31930120-11	2019	The process of Treg hydrolysis of ATP into adenosine was blocked by the antagonists of CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	43-52	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	96-100
31815657-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, mediated by ADAR1 and ADAR2, occurs at tens of thousands to millions of sites across mammalian transcriptomes.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	77-82
31461341-1	2019	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase [cluster of differentiation 73 (CD73)] is a ubiquitously expressed glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that converts extracellular adenosine 5"-monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	167-176	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-20
31461341-1	2019	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase [cluster of differentiation 73 (CD73)] is a ubiquitously expressed glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that converts extracellular adenosine 5"-monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	197-206	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-20
31647549-5	2019	This loss of metabolic flexibility, involving defects in adenosine, fructose and glycogen metabolism, as well as disruptions in the membrane transport of mitochondrial specific energy substrates, contributed to increased starvation induced toxicity in C9orf72 induced astrocytes.	Adenosine	57-66	C9orf72-SMCR8 complex subunit	Homo sapiens	252-259
31580158-0	2019	Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Adenosine 5"-Trisphosphate in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Through Negative Regulation of Toll-Like Receptor MyD88 Signaling.	Adenosine	30-39	MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor	Homo sapiens	179-184
31394204-1	2019	Adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) overfunction causes synaptic and memory dysfunction in early Alzheimer"s disease (AD).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	25-29
31751473-10	2019	Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) stimulated ecto+ ILC3 to produce IL-22 and adenosine.	Adenosine	14-23	tripartite motif containing 33	Homo sapiens	55-59
31751473-10	2019	Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) stimulated ecto+ ILC3 to produce IL-22 and adenosine.	Adenosine	87-96	tripartite motif containing 33	Homo sapiens	55-59
31751473-11	2019	Activated ecto+ ILC3 suppressed autologous T-cell proliferation in coculture experiments via the production of adenosine.	Adenosine	111-120	tripartite motif containing 33	Homo sapiens	10-14
31703097-1	2019	Endonuclease V (ENDOV) is a ribonuclease with affinity for inosine which is the deamination product of adenosine.	Adenosine	103-112	endonuclease V	Homo sapiens	0-14
31703097-1	2019	Endonuclease V (ENDOV) is a ribonuclease with affinity for inosine which is the deamination product of adenosine.	Adenosine	103-112	endonuclease V	Homo sapiens	16-21
31704983-9	2019	The ICH-induced increase in intracellular ROS, superoxide anion, and mROS generation and the decrease in adenosine triphosphate production were exacerbated in RNF34 transgenic mice, but NADPH oxidase activity was unaffected.	Adenosine	105-114	ring finger protein 34	Mus musculus	159-164
31652269-4	2019	The two main enzymes responsible for generating adenosine in the microenvironment are the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, the former utilizes both ATP and ADP and produces AMP while the latter utilizes AMP and generates adenosine.	Adenosine	48-57	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	117-121
31652269-4	2019	The two main enzymes responsible for generating adenosine in the microenvironment are the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, the former utilizes both ATP and ADP and produces AMP while the latter utilizes AMP and generates adenosine.	Adenosine	221-230	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	117-121
31601268-11	2019	The Ado-mediated immunosuppressive effects are mediated by increased PKA activation that results in impairment of the mTORC1 pathway.	Adenosine	4-7	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	118-124
31601268-12	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Our findings unveil A2AR/PKA/mTORC1 as the main Ado signaling pathway impairing the immune competence of peripheral T cells and TILs.	Adenosine	61-64	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	42-48
31570448-5	2019	TLR3 stimulation synergized with adenosine receptor A2b on PCa cells, and induced a strong production of lactate, exacerbating the Warburg effect.	Adenosine	33-42	toll like receptor 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
31314908-6	2019	Furthermore, cordycepin obviously reduced A2AR level without altering adenosine A1 receptors level; and the agonist of A2AR (CGS 21680) rather than antagonist (SCH 58261) could reverse the potentiation of behavioral-LTP induced by cordycepin.	Adenosine	70-79	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	119-123
31612651-1	2019	PURPOSE: Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production by inhibiting re-uptake of adenosine and may potentiate nitric oxide (NO) activity.	Adenosine	122-131	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	79-82
31344393-6	2019	These findings suggest that adenosine stimulates Nmu expression by activating the cAMP signaling pathway through adenosine receptor A2b in the rat PT.	Adenosine	28-37	adenosine A2B receptor	Rattus norvegicus	113-135
31315945-1	2019	Adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR)-containing indirect medium spiny neurons (iMSNs) in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) contribute to reward-seeking behaviors.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	23-27
31220343-0	2019	Enhanced ATP release and CD73-mediated adenosine formation sustain adenosine A2A receptor over-activation in a rat model of Parkinson"s disease.	Adenosine	39-48	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	25-29
31220343-0	2019	Enhanced ATP release and CD73-mediated adenosine formation sustain adenosine A2A receptor over-activation in a rat model of Parkinson"s disease.	Adenosine	39-48	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	67-89
31220343-3	2019	As ATP is a stress signal, we have tested if extracellular catabolism of adenine nucleotides into adenosine (through ecto-5"-nucleotidase or CD73) leads to A2A receptor over-activation in PD.	Adenosine	98-107	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	117-137
31220343-3	2019	As ATP is a stress signal, we have tested if extracellular catabolism of adenine nucleotides into adenosine (through ecto-5"-nucleotidase or CD73) leads to A2A receptor over-activation in PD.	Adenosine	98-107	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	141-145
31220343-5	2019	KEY RESULTS: 6-OHDA increased ATP release and extracellular conversion into adenosine through CD73 up-regulation in SH-SY5Y cells.	Adenosine	76-85	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	94-98
30187782-1	2019	To compare the stimulation and binding characteristics of adenosine analogs including AMP, IMM-H007, and M1, to AMPK, and to explore the potential mechanism underlying the regulation effect of adenosine analogs on AMPK activity, [gamma-32P]ATP assay, circular dichroism experiments and molecular docking test were performed.	Adenosine	58-67	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	112-116
30187782-2	2019	We found that the interactions with Thr86, Thr88, and His150 in site 1 are probably the reason why the affinities of IMM-H007, M1, and adenosine are comparable but their allosteric activation on AMPK varies greatly, partly interpreting the mechanism of AMPK activity regulated by adenosine analogs.	Adenosine	135-144	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	195-199
30187782-2	2019	We found that the interactions with Thr86, Thr88, and His150 in site 1 are probably the reason why the affinities of IMM-H007, M1, and adenosine are comparable but their allosteric activation on AMPK varies greatly, partly interpreting the mechanism of AMPK activity regulated by adenosine analogs.	Adenosine	135-144	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	253-257
30187782-2	2019	We found that the interactions with Thr86, Thr88, and His150 in site 1 are probably the reason why the affinities of IMM-H007, M1, and adenosine are comparable but their allosteric activation on AMPK varies greatly, partly interpreting the mechanism of AMPK activity regulated by adenosine analogs.	Adenosine	280-289	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	195-199
31308540-2	2019	Here, we present an approach, called leveraging endogenous ADAR for programmable editing of RNA (LEAPER), that employs short engineered ADAR-recruiting RNAs (arRNAs) to recruit native ADAR1 or ADAR2 enzymes to change a specific adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	228-237	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	193-198
31457100-5	2019	Knockdown of estrogen receptors ESR1 and ESR2 in primary osteoprogenitors and osteoclasts undergoing differentiation showed decreased coexpression of membrane-bound CD39 and CD73 and lower extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	203-212	estrogen receptor 2 (beta)	Mus musculus	41-45
30868161-5	2019	This review focuses on redox-regulation of enzymes involved in the sulfur assimilation pathway, namely adenosine 5 -phosphosulfate reductase (APR), adenosine 5 -phosphosulfate kinase (APSK), and gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL).	Adenosine	103-112	glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	195-224
30868161-5	2019	This review focuses on redox-regulation of enzymes involved in the sulfur assimilation pathway, namely adenosine 5 -phosphosulfate reductase (APR), adenosine 5 -phosphosulfate kinase (APSK), and gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL).	Adenosine	103-112	glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	226-229
31391167-5	2019	Genetic ablation of Nix impairs mitochondrial quality, platelet activation, and FeCl3-induced carotid arterial thrombosis without affecting the expression of platelet glycoproteins (GPs) such as GPIb, GPVI, and alphaIIbbeta3 Metabolic analysis revealed decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species level, diminished oxygen consumption rate, and compromised adenosine triphosphate production in Nix -/- platelets.	Adenosine	403-412	BCL2/adenovirus E1B interacting protein 3-like	Mus musculus	20-23
31592495-1	2019	CD73, a cell-surface N-linked glycoprotein that produces extracellular adenosine, is a novel target for cancer immunotherapy.	Adenosine	71-80	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
31249135-1	2019	The Cdc48 adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) (p97 or valosin-containing protein in mammals) and its cofactor Ufd1/Npl4 extract polyubiquitinated proteins from membranes or macromolecular complexes for subsequent degradation by the proteasome.	Adenosine	10-19	valosin containing protein	Homo sapiens	45-48
31249135-1	2019	The Cdc48 adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) (p97 or valosin-containing protein in mammals) and its cofactor Ufd1/Npl4 extract polyubiquitinated proteins from membranes or macromolecular complexes for subsequent degradation by the proteasome.	Adenosine	10-19	valosin containing protein	Homo sapiens	52-78
31249135-1	2019	The Cdc48 adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) (p97 or valosin-containing protein in mammals) and its cofactor Ufd1/Npl4 extract polyubiquitinated proteins from membranes or macromolecular complexes for subsequent degradation by the proteasome.	Adenosine	10-19	NPL4 homolog, ubiquitin recognition factor	Homo sapiens	113-117
31034872-4	2019	We identified the binding site for transcription factor cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding (CREB) in the DAZAP2 promoter CpG2, and we found that hypermethylation of the CREB binding motif in the DAZAP2 promoter is responsible for the reduced DAZAP2 expression in MM cells.	Adenosine	63-72	DAZ associated protein 2	Homo sapiens	216-222
31034872-4	2019	We identified the binding site for transcription factor cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding (CREB) in the DAZAP2 promoter CpG2, and we found that hypermethylation of the CREB binding motif in the DAZAP2 promoter is responsible for the reduced DAZAP2 expression in MM cells.	Adenosine	63-72	DAZ associated protein 2	Homo sapiens	216-222
31045292-5	2019	Additionally, we identify a missense variant (c.1963A>G), affecting a residue of the ATP-dependent helicase domain that is highly conserved between humans and yeast, with the resulting substitution (p.Thr655Ala) predicted to directly impact ATP/ADP (adenosine diphosphate) binding by DNA2.	Adenosine	250-259	bifunctional ATP-dependent DNA helicase/ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease DNA2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	284-288
31203399-2	2019	Adenosine acts via G-protein coupled receptors; ADORA1, ADORA2a, ADORA2b and ADORA3.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	48-54
31015188-8	2019	Adenosine-induced NET formation was inhibited by recombinant ADA2, A1/A3 AR antagonists, or by an A2A agonist.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	61-65
31340557-0	2019	Revealing Adenosine A2A-Dopamine D2 Receptor Heteromers in Parkinson"s Disease Post-Mortem Brain through a New AlphaScreen-Based Assay.	Adenosine	10-19	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	24-44
30945056-4	2019	ADAR2 is responsible for adenosine (A) to inosine (I) editing of double-stranded RNA, and its function has been shown to be essential for survival.	Adenosine	25-34	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	0-5
31102428-3	2019	There are several Treg cell immune suppressive mechanisms: inhibition of costimulatory signals by CD80 and CD86 expressed by dendritic cells through cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, interleukin (IL)-2 consumption by high-affinity IL-2 receptors with high CD25 (IL-2 receptor alpha-chain) expression, secretion of inhibitory cytokines, metabolic modulation of tryptophan and adenosine, and direct killing of effector T cells.	Adenosine	375-384	CD80 molecule	Homo sapiens	98-102
31102428-3	2019	There are several Treg cell immune suppressive mechanisms: inhibition of costimulatory signals by CD80 and CD86 expressed by dendritic cells through cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, interleukin (IL)-2 consumption by high-affinity IL-2 receptors with high CD25 (IL-2 receptor alpha-chain) expression, secretion of inhibitory cytokines, metabolic modulation of tryptophan and adenosine, and direct killing of effector T cells.	Adenosine	375-384	CD86 molecule	Homo sapiens	107-111
31188932-2	2019	Methylation of the N6 position of adenosine (m6A) is a post-transcriptional epigenetic modification of RNA.	Adenosine	34-43	methyltransferase like 3	Mus musculus	45-48
30536718-3	2019	In this study, we focus on two of the four EP receptors, EP2 and EP4 , as they are known to induce cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent signaling pathways.	Adenosine	106-115	prostaglandin E receptor 2	Homo sapiens	57-60
30301599-0	2019	Cervical cancer cells produce TGF-beta1 through the CD73-adenosine pathway and maintain CD73 expression through the autocrine activity of TGF-beta1.	Adenosine	57-66	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	52-56
30907983-4	2019	Treatment with ADO inhibited NET production as quantified by 2 methods: SYTOX green fluorescence and human neutrophil elastase (HNE)-DNA ELISA assay.	Adenosine	15-18	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	107-126
30590615-1	2019	Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease caused by the deficiency of frataxin, a mitochondrial protein crucial for iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production.	Adenosine	186-195	frataxin	Homo sapiens	0-17
30590615-1	2019	Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease caused by the deficiency of frataxin, a mitochondrial protein crucial for iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production.	Adenosine	186-195	frataxin	Homo sapiens	19-23
30590615-1	2019	Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease caused by the deficiency of frataxin, a mitochondrial protein crucial for iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production.	Adenosine	186-195	frataxin	Homo sapiens	105-113
31076346-9	2019	INTERPRETATION: GMSC inhibit osteoclast formation in vitro and in vivo partially via CD39-CD73-adenosine signals.	Adenosine	95-104	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	90-94
30910669-2	2019	Adenosine kinase (ADK) converts adenosine to adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and is the major route of myocardial adenosine metabolism, however, the impact of ADK activity on cardiac structure and function is unknown.	Adenosine	32-41	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	0-16
30910669-2	2019	Adenosine kinase (ADK) converts adenosine to adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and is the major route of myocardial adenosine metabolism, however, the impact of ADK activity on cardiac structure and function is unknown.	Adenosine	32-41	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	18-21
30910669-2	2019	Adenosine kinase (ADK) converts adenosine to adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and is the major route of myocardial adenosine metabolism, however, the impact of ADK activity on cardiac structure and function is unknown.	Adenosine	32-41	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	157-160
30910669-8	2019	In neonatal cardiomyocytes exposed to hypertrophic stress, 2-chloroadenosine (CADO) or adenosine treatment suppressed MT detyrosination, which was reversed by ADK inhibition with iodotubercidin or ABT-702.	Adenosine	67-76	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	159-162
30910669-10	2019	Together, these findings indicate a novel adenosine receptor-independent role for ADK-mediated adenosine metabolism in cardiomyocyte microtubule dynamics and protection against maladaptive hypertrophy.	Adenosine	42-51	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	82-85
30117104-2	2019	Here, we demonstrated the role of CD73, an enzyme responsible for adenosine (ADO) production, in glioblastoma progression.	Adenosine	66-75	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
30117104-2	2019	Here, we demonstrated the role of CD73, an enzyme responsible for adenosine (ADO) production, in glioblastoma progression.	Adenosine	77-80	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
30703410-0	2019	Changes in ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the rat striatum and medial prefrontal cortex following administration of the adenosine A1 receptor agonist and antagonist.	Adenosine	115-124	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	11-17
30703410-3	2019	In this study, the role of a Galphai/o protein-coupled adenosine A1 receptor in the regulation of ERK1/2 was investigated in the rat brain in vivo.	Adenosine	55-64	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	98-104
30703410-9	2019	These results reveal an existence of an inhibitory linkage from adenosine A1 receptors to ERK1/2 in striatal and mPFC neurons.	Adenosine	64-73	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	90-96
30971294-15	2019	Mechanistically, adenosine produced by CD73 binds to adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and activates Rap1, which recruits P110beta to the plasma membrane and triggers PIP3 production, thereby promoting AKT phosphorylation in HCC cells.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	53-75
30971294-15	2019	Mechanistically, adenosine produced by CD73 binds to adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and activates Rap1, which recruits P110beta to the plasma membrane and triggers PIP3 production, thereby promoting AKT phosphorylation in HCC cells.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	77-81
30971294-15	2019	Mechanistically, adenosine produced by CD73 binds to adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and activates Rap1, which recruits P110beta to the plasma membrane and triggers PIP3 production, thereby promoting AKT phosphorylation in HCC cells.	Adenosine	17-26	RAS-related protein 1a	Mus musculus	97-101
30971294-15	2019	Mechanistically, adenosine produced by CD73 binds to adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and activates Rap1, which recruits P110beta to the plasma membrane and triggers PIP3 production, thereby promoting AKT phosphorylation in HCC cells.	Adenosine	17-26	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta	Mus musculus	118-126
30716553-13	2019	The optimized TAT-NGF-RA-CURC-QU-CL/PA-lip efficaciously down-regulated the expressions of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase, p38, tau at serine 202 and caspase-3, and up-regulated the expressions of p-ERK5 and p-cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein in Alzheimer"s disease Wistar rat model.	Adenosine	295-304	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	159-165
30716553-13	2019	The optimized TAT-NGF-RA-CURC-QU-CL/PA-lip efficaciously down-regulated the expressions of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase, p38, tau at serine 202 and caspase-3, and up-regulated the expressions of p-ERK5 and p-cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein in Alzheimer"s disease Wistar rat model.	Adenosine	295-304	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	201-204
30716553-13	2019	The optimized TAT-NGF-RA-CURC-QU-CL/PA-lip efficaciously down-regulated the expressions of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase, p38, tau at serine 202 and caspase-3, and up-regulated the expressions of p-ERK5 and p-cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein in Alzheimer"s disease Wistar rat model.	Adenosine	295-304	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	228-237
30445027-0	2019	The role of adenosine in up-regulation of p38 MAPK and ERK during limb ischemic preconditioning-induced brain ischemic tolerance.	Adenosine	12-21	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
30445027-2	2019	The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of adenosine in brain protection and up-regulation of p38 MAPK and ERK induced by LIP.	Adenosine	60-69	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
30445027-6	2019	The results showed that pre-administration of adenosine could partly mimic the neuroprotective effect on the brain, up-regulate the expression of p38 MAPK and ERK.	Adenosine	46-55	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	146-149
30445027-7	2019	Based on the above results, it can be concluded that adenosine participated in brain protection and up-regulation of the expression of p38 MAPK and ERK during the induction of brain ischemic tolerance after LIP.	Adenosine	53-62	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	135-138
30307561-6	2019	Intranasal administration of the adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine substantially enhanced the frequency and number of parenchymal CD4+ T cells as well as both CD69 expression and IFNgamma production.	Adenosine	33-42	CD69 antigen	Mus musculus	164-168
30556751-3	2019	Adenosine is a potent immune-modulating factor that can be generated through the degradation of ATP by cooperative action of NTPDase1 (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) molecules.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	145-165
30556751-3	2019	Adenosine is a potent immune-modulating factor that can be generated through the degradation of ATP by cooperative action of NTPDase1 (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) molecules.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	167-171
30556751-5	2019	Upregulation of CD73 is associated with the overproduction of adenosine; it suppresses antitumor immune responses and helps proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis.	Adenosine	62-71	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	16-20
30130617-2	2019	It was recently shown that the absence of ABCC6-mediated adenosine triphosphate release from the liver and, consequently, reduced inorganic pyrophosphate levels underlie the pathogenesis of PXE.	Adenosine	57-66	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 6	Mus musculus	42-47
30598426-7	2019	FGF2 increased extracellular metabolism of AMP to adenosine and of adenosine to inosine by upregulating ecto-5"-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase (ADA), respectively.	Adenosine	50-59	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
30598426-7	2019	FGF2 increased extracellular metabolism of AMP to adenosine and of adenosine to inosine by upregulating ecto-5"-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase (ADA), respectively.	Adenosine	67-76	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
30598426-7	2019	FGF2 increased extracellular metabolism of AMP to adenosine and of adenosine to inosine by upregulating ecto-5"-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase (ADA), respectively.	Adenosine	67-76	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	104-124
29797183-3	2019	Combining a selective destabilizing peptide strategy with a proximity ligation assay and patch-clamp electrophysiology in slices from male mouse lumbar spinal cord, the present study demonstrates the existence of adenosine A1-dopamine D1 receptor heteromers in the spinal motoneuron by which adenosine tonically inhibits D1 receptor-mediated signaling.	Adenosine	213-222	dopamine receptor D1	Mus musculus	235-246
29797183-3	2019	Combining a selective destabilizing peptide strategy with a proximity ligation assay and patch-clamp electrophysiology in slices from male mouse lumbar spinal cord, the present study demonstrates the existence of adenosine A1-dopamine D1 receptor heteromers in the spinal motoneuron by which adenosine tonically inhibits D1 receptor-mediated signaling.	Adenosine	213-222	dopamine receptor D1	Mus musculus	321-332
30582781-4	2019	Our findings suggest that (a) the capacitating effects of Fn were reversed by preincubating the sperm with a cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) or transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) antagonist ( p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively); (b) cooperation between CB1 and TRPV1 may exist ( p < 0.01); (c) the activity of specific fatty acid amide hydroxylase (FAAH) decreased after 1 min ( p < 0.01) and increased after 60 min ( p < 0.01) of capacitation in the presence of Fn; (d) the effects of Fn on FAAH activity were prevented by preincubating spermatozoa with a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor ( p < 0.01); (e) Fn modulated both the cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentration and PKA activity ( p < 0.05) during early capacitation; and (f) FAAH was a PKA substrate modulated by phosphorylation.	Adenosine	673-682	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	207-212
30535464-9	2019	Moreover, knockdown of AMPK with si-AMPK partially abolished Ado-induced ULK1 activation and mTOR inhibition, and thus reinforced CHOP expression and Ado-induced apoptosis.	Adenosine	61-64	unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1	Homo sapiens	73-77
30462291-3	2019	Inosine is a particularly widespread modification in metazoan mRNA arising from deamination of adenosine catalyzed by the RNA-targeting adenosine deaminases ADAR1 or ADAR2.	Adenosine	95-104	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	166-171
30209975-12	2019	Abbreviations: ACACA: acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase alpha; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; Acsl1: acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; BAT: brown adipose tissue; cKO: conditional knockout; COX4I1: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I1; Cpt1b: carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b, muscle; CQ: chloroquine; DAPI: 4",6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DIO2: deiodinase, iodothyronine, type 2; DMEM: Dulbecco"s modified Eagle"s medium; EIF4EBP1: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1; Fabp4: fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte; FBS: fetal bovine serum; FCCP: carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone; FGF: fibroblast growth factor; FOXO1: forkhead box O1; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFP: green fluorescent protein; Gpx1: glutathione peroxidase 1; Lipe: lipase, hormone sensitive; MAP1LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; mRNA: messenger RNA; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; NAD: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; Nrf1: nuclear respiratory factor 1; OCR: oxygen consumption rate; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; PPARGC1A: peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha; Pnpla2: patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2; Prdm16: PR domain containing 16; PRKA: protein kinase, AMP-activated; RPS6KB: ribosomal protein S6 kinase; RFP: red fluorescent protein; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SD: standard deviation; SEM: standard error of the mean; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; Sod1: superoxide dismutase 1, soluble; Sod2: superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; T3: 3,5,3"-triiodothyronine; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; UCP1: uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier); ULK1: unc-51 like kinase 1; VDAC1: voltage-dependent anion channel 1; WAT: white adipose tissue.	Adenosine	209-218	acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1	Mus musculus	95-100
31269883-9	2019	TAT expression also led to persistent changes in adenosine 2B receptor expression in the caudate putamen, regardless of methamphetamine exposure.	Adenosine	49-58	tyrosine aminotransferase	Mus musculus	0-3
30909201-1	2019	CD73, also entitled as ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E), is an ecto-nucleotidase that contributes in the breakage of extracellular ATP to adenosine and the preservation of immune balance.	Adenosine	133-142	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
30909201-1	2019	CD73, also entitled as ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E), is an ecto-nucleotidase that contributes in the breakage of extracellular ATP to adenosine and the preservation of immune balance.	Adenosine	133-142	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	23-43
30909201-1	2019	CD73, also entitled as ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E), is an ecto-nucleotidase that contributes in the breakage of extracellular ATP to adenosine and the preservation of immune balance.	Adenosine	133-142	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	45-49
29550257-6	2019	Both pathways converge to CD73, that fully degrades AMP to the final product ADO.	Adenosine	77-80	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	26-30
30513816-4	2018	The production of extracellular adenosine is mediated by the cell surface ectoenzymes CD73, CD39, and CD38 and therapeutic agents have been developed to target these as well as the downstream adenosine receptors (A1R, A2AR, A2BR, A3R) to enhance anti-tumor immune responses.	Adenosine	32-41	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	86-90
29935155-0	2018	Adenosine binds predominantly to adenosine receptor A1 subtype in astrocytes and mediates an immunosuppressive effect.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	33-54
30361393-2	2018	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is the enzyme responsible for adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing in dsRNAs, and loss of ADAR1 activates the innate immune sensing response via melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), which interprets unedited dsRNA as non-self.	Adenosine	74-83	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	0-35
30361393-2	2018	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is the enzyme responsible for adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing in dsRNAs, and loss of ADAR1 activates the innate immune sensing response via melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), which interprets unedited dsRNA as non-self.	Adenosine	74-83	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	37-42
30361393-2	2018	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is the enzyme responsible for adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing in dsRNAs, and loss of ADAR1 activates the innate immune sensing response via melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), which interprets unedited dsRNA as non-self.	Adenosine	74-83	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	130-135
30269308-2	2018	Both the duration and magnitude of adenosine signaling in enteric neuromuscular function depend on its availability, which is regulated by the ecto-enzymes ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and ecto-adenosine deaminase (ADA) and by dipyridamole-sensitive equilibrative transporters (ENTs).	Adenosine	35-44	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	156-176
30269308-2	2018	Both the duration and magnitude of adenosine signaling in enteric neuromuscular function depend on its availability, which is regulated by the ecto-enzymes ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and ecto-adenosine deaminase (ADA) and by dipyridamole-sensitive equilibrative transporters (ENTs).	Adenosine	35-44	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	178-182
30392016-1	2018	Physiologically, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) expresses high levels of CD73 in their membrane, converting AMP to immune suppressive adenosine, mediates an anti-inflammatory effect.	Adenosine	136-145	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	75-79
30473700-3	2018	In this sequence of events, the ectoenzyme CD39 degrades ATP into ADP and AMP, respectively, and CD73 catalyzes the last step leading to the production of Ado.	Adenosine	155-158	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	97-101
30473700-7	2018	DCs express both ectoenzymes, enabling them to produce Ado from extracellular ATP by activity of CD73 and CD39 and thus allow dampening of the proinflammatory activity of adjacent leukocytes in the tissue.	Adenosine	55-58	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	97-101
30315630-2	2018	In thalamocortical (TC) projections to sensory cortex, adenosine functions as a negative regulator of glutamate release via activation of the presynaptic adenosine A1 receptor (A1 R).	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	142-182
30315630-3	2018	In the auditory forebrain, restriction of A1 R-adenosine signaling in medial geniculate (MG) neurons is sufficient to extend LTP, LTD, and tonotopic map plasticity in adult mice for months beyond the critical period.	Adenosine	47-56	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	42-46
30315630-4	2018	Interfering with adenosine signaling in primary auditory cortex (A1) does not contribute to these forms of plasticity, suggesting regional differences in the roles of A1 R-mediated adenosine signaling in the forebrain.	Adenosine	181-190	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	167-171
30359421-4	2018	A number of approved drugs, including the P2Y12 antagonist ticagrelor, have been described to increase extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	117-126	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	42-47
30131376-1	2018	Adenosine signaling through A2A receptors (A2AR) expressed on immune cells suppresses antitumor immunity.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	28-41
30131376-1	2018	Adenosine signaling through A2A receptors (A2AR) expressed on immune cells suppresses antitumor immunity.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	43-47
30131376-3	2018	Blockade of A2AR with CPI-444 restored T-cell signaling, IL2, and IFNgamma production that were suppressed by adenosine analogues in vitro CPI-444 treatment led to dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth in multiple syngeneic mouse tumor models.	Adenosine	110-119	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	12-16
30075429-1	2018	Adenosine (ADO), generated by the ectonucleotidase CD39 and CD73 from ATP, interacts with its specific G protein-coupled receptors, which can impair anti-tumor immune responses inhibiting the infiltration and function of CD8+ T cell and natural killer cell.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	60-64
30075429-1	2018	Adenosine (ADO), generated by the ectonucleotidase CD39 and CD73 from ATP, interacts with its specific G protein-coupled receptors, which can impair anti-tumor immune responses inhibiting the infiltration and function of CD8+ T cell and natural killer cell.	Adenosine	11-14	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	60-64
30319363-10	2018	Reduced expression of CD39 and CD73 suggests promotion of ATP-dependent pro-inflammatory and reduction of adenosine-mediated anti-inflammatory mechanisms in migraine.	Adenosine	106-115	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	31-35
30254599-12	2018	CD73 expression, responsible for extracellular production of brain adenosine, was significantly increased in LPD cortex and sorted microglia cells.	Adenosine	67-76	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
30176535-2	2018	We describe new ADP analogues as CD73 inhibitors based on the replacement of the adenosine moiety, in the reference inhibitor APCP, by purine nucleoside analogues.	Adenosine	81-90	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	33-37
29859867-1	2018	Alzheimer"s disease (AD) begins with a deficit of synaptic function and adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) are mostly located in synapses controlling synaptic plasticity.	Adenosine	72-81	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	82-95
29859867-1	2018	Alzheimer"s disease (AD) begins with a deficit of synaptic function and adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) are mostly located in synapses controlling synaptic plasticity.	Adenosine	72-81	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	97-101
29859867-2	2018	The over-activation of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) causes memory deficits and the blockade of A2AR prevents memory damage in AD models.	Adenosine	23-32	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	48-52
28560821-8	2018	The present study investigated whether ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), an enzyme that generates adenosine, is functionally important in modifying CB sensory activity and cardiovascular respiratory responses to hypoxia.	Adenosine	93-102	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	39-59
28560821-8	2018	The present study investigated whether ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), an enzyme that generates adenosine, is functionally important in modifying CB sensory activity and cardiovascular respiratory responses to hypoxia.	Adenosine	93-102	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	61-65
29973599-3	2018	Although the liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway plays a pivotal role in maintaining energy homeostasis under conditions of metabolic stress, the role of LKB1-AMPK signalling in aiding cancer cell survival and in malignant tumours has not yet been fully elucidated.	Adenosine	36-45	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	78-82
29455338-10	2018	The higher expression of CD73 in PTC derived cells might favor the accumulation of extracellular adenosine in the tumor microenvironment, which could promote tumor progression.	Adenosine	97-106	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	25-29
29759563-3	2018	High levels of extracellular adenosine (ADO) are detected in CLL as a consequence of expression of ecto-enzymes, such as CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	29-38	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	130-134
29759563-3	2018	High levels of extracellular adenosine (ADO) are detected in CLL as a consequence of expression of ecto-enzymes, such as CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	40-43	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	130-134
29409952-10	2018	Moreover, the increased adenosine in KO LH contributed to lower spontaneous firing rates of putative wake-promoting orexin/hypocretin neurons.	Adenosine	24-33	hypocretin	Mus musculus	116-122
29626161-7	2018	AMP and adenosine, the degradation products of ATP, markedly inhibited HAS2 expression and, despite concomitant up-regulation of HAS1 and HAS3, inhibited hyaluronan synthesis.	Adenosine	8-17	hyaluronan synthase 2	Homo sapiens	71-75
29771938-0	2018	Ability of gammadelta T cells to modulate the Foxp3 T cell response is dependent on adenosine.	Adenosine	84-93	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	46-51
29771938-3	2018	Activated gammadelta T cells express adenosine receptors at high levels, which enables them to deprive Foxp3+ T cells of adenosine, and to inhibit their expansion.	Adenosine	37-46	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	103-108
29771938-5	2018	Thus, inhibition and enhancement by gammadelta T cells of Foxp3 T cell response are a reflection of the balance between adenosine production and absorption by gammadelta T cells.	Adenosine	120-129	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	58-63
29771938-6	2018	Non-activated gammadelta T cells produce adenosine but bind little, and thus enhance the Foxp3 T cell response.	Adenosine	41-50	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	89-94
29771938-8	2018	Extracellular adenosine metabolism and expression of adenosine receptor A2ARs by gammadelta T cells played a major role in the outcome of gammadelta and Foxp3 T cell interactions.	Adenosine	14-23	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	153-158
29570875-2	2018	Adenosine A2A receptors (A2A R) also control PFC-related responses and A2A R antagonists are potential anti-psychotic drugs.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	10-30
29680437-2	2018	We hypothesized that an increase in extracellular adenosine induced by inhibitors of adenosine transporters, such as the non-selective ENT1/ENT2 inhibitor dipyridamole, would result in an improvement in RLS symptoms.	Adenosine	50-59	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	135-139
29700280-9	2018	Knockdown of the AKAP12 gene in cultured primary PFs revealed that AKAP12 inhibited PF activation in association with the adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) pathway.	Adenosine	122-131	A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein (gravin) 12	Mus musculus	17-23
29700280-9	2018	Knockdown of the AKAP12 gene in cultured primary PFs revealed that AKAP12 inhibited PF activation in association with the adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) pathway.	Adenosine	122-131	A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein (gravin) 12	Mus musculus	67-73
29692361-0	2018	A defect in KCa3.1 channel activity limits the ability of CD8+ T cells from cancer patients to infiltrate an adenosine-rich microenvironment.	Adenosine	109-118	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	12-18
29692361-3	2018	Adenosine inhibits T cell motility through the A2A receptor (A2AR) and suppression of KCa3.1 channels.	Adenosine	0-9	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	86-92
29692361-10	2018	Activation of KCa3.1 channels by 1-EBIO restored the ability of HNSCC CD8+ T cells to chemotax in the presence of adenosine.	Adenosine	114-123	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	14-20
29731713-2	2018	Numerous studies have explored the role of CD38, CD39, CD203a/PC-1, and CD73 in generating extracellular adenosine (ADO) and thus in shaping the tumor niche in favor of proliferation.	Adenosine	105-114	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	72-76
29731713-2	2018	Numerous studies have explored the role of CD38, CD39, CD203a/PC-1, and CD73 in generating extracellular adenosine (ADO) and thus in shaping the tumor niche in favor of proliferation.	Adenosine	116-119	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	72-76
29731713-3	2018	The findings shown here reveal that CIK cells are able to produce extracellular ADO via traditional (CD39/CD73) and/or alternative (CD38/CD203a/CD73 or CD203a/CD73) pathways.	Adenosine	80-83	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	106-110
29731713-3	2018	The findings shown here reveal that CIK cells are able to produce extracellular ADO via traditional (CD39/CD73) and/or alternative (CD38/CD203a/CD73 or CD203a/CD73) pathways.	Adenosine	80-83	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	144-148
29731713-3	2018	The findings shown here reveal that CIK cells are able to produce extracellular ADO via traditional (CD39/CD73) and/or alternative (CD38/CD203a/CD73 or CD203a/CD73) pathways.	Adenosine	80-83	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	144-148
28617999-4	2018	Suppression of adenosine signaling via inhibition of adenosine receptors or adenosine generating enzymes including CD39 and CD73 on ovarian or cervical cancer cells is a potentially novel therapeutic approach for gynecological cancer patients.	Adenosine	15-24	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	124-128
29278640-9	2018	Combined AP activity and CD73 concentration predicted adenosine production capacity (P&lt;0.0001).ConclusionsSerum CD73 increases following infant CPB.	Adenosine	54-63	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	25-29
29278640-9	2018	Combined AP activity and CD73 concentration predicted adenosine production capacity (P&lt;0.0001).ConclusionsSerum CD73 increases following infant CPB.	Adenosine	54-63	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	115-119
29278640-11	2018	CD73 and AP together predict serum adenosine production capacity and may represent potential therapeutic targets to clear extracellular adenine nucleotides and improve outcomes following infant CPB.	Adenosine	35-44	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
29457714-1	2018	Adenosine deamination is one of the most prevalent post-transcriptional modifications in mRNA and is catalyzed by ADAR1 and ADAR2 in humans.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	124-129
29506637-0	2018	Urtica dioica inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis by targeting Ornithine decarboxylase and Adenosine deaminase as key regulatory enzymes in adenosine and polyamines homeostasis in human breast cancer cell lines.	Adenosine	147-156	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	70-93
29419780-1	2018	In mammals, adenosine (A) to inosine (I) RNA editing is performed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR), ADAR1 and ADAR2 enzymes, encoded by mRNAs that might undergo splicing process.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Rattus norvegicus	69-103
29419780-1	2018	In mammals, adenosine (A) to inosine (I) RNA editing is performed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR), ADAR1 and ADAR2 enzymes, encoded by mRNAs that might undergo splicing process.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Rattus norvegicus	105-109
28938850-1	2018	INTRODUCTION: CD73 is an enzyme crucial in the metabolism of immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	79-88	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	14-18
29377887-1	2018	The ecto-5"-nucleotidase CD73 plays an important role in the production of immune-suppressive adenosine in tumor micro-environment, and has become a validated drug target in oncology.	Adenosine	94-103	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	4-24
29377887-1	2018	The ecto-5"-nucleotidase CD73 plays an important role in the production of immune-suppressive adenosine in tumor micro-environment, and has become a validated drug target in oncology.	Adenosine	94-103	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	25-29
29377887-3	2018	However, in the tumor micro-environment, two extracellular membrane-bound enzymes (CD39 and CD73) are overexpressed and hydrolyze efficiently ATP into AMP then further into immune-suppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	192-201	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	92-96
29377887-4	2018	To circumvent the impact of CD73-generated adenosine, we applied an original bioinformatics approach to identify new allosteric inhibitors targeting the dimerization interface of CD73, which should impair the large dynamic motions required for its enzymatic function.	Adenosine	43-52	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	28-32
29377887-4	2018	To circumvent the impact of CD73-generated adenosine, we applied an original bioinformatics approach to identify new allosteric inhibitors targeting the dimerization interface of CD73, which should impair the large dynamic motions required for its enzymatic function.	Adenosine	43-52	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	179-183
29315226-1	2018	Ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, specific nucleotide metabolizing enzymes located on the surface of the host, can convert a pro-inflammatory environment driven by a danger molecule extracellular-ATP to an adenosine-mediated anti-inflammatory milieu.	Adenosine	205-214	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	27-31
29464038-3	2018	Recently, we demonstrated that regulatory B cells (Breg), defined as CD19+CD39+CD73+ B cells, play a significant role in the production of immunosuppressive, extracellular adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	172-181	CD19 antigen	Mus musculus	69-73
29464038-3	2018	Recently, we demonstrated that regulatory B cells (Breg), defined as CD19+CD39+CD73+ B cells, play a significant role in the production of immunosuppressive, extracellular adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	183-186	CD19 antigen	Mus musculus	69-73
29209319-1	2017	The ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73 regulate the purinergic signaling through the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/ADP to AMP and to adenosine (Ado), respectively.	Adenosine	90-99	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	25-29
29209319-1	2017	The ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73 regulate the purinergic signaling through the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/ADP to AMP and to adenosine (Ado), respectively.	Adenosine	148-151	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	25-29
28903070-3	2017	Adenosine triphosphate depletion or glucose starvation act as a trigger for the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	Adenosine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	144-148
28903070-3	2017	Adenosine triphosphate depletion or glucose starvation act as a trigger for the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	Adenosine	94-103	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	144-148
29038540-0	2017	Regulation of endothelial intracellular adenosine via adenosine kinase epigenetically modulates vascular inflammation.	Adenosine	40-49	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	54-70
29038540-2	2017	Here we show that endothelial intracellular adenosine and its key regulator adenosine kinase (ADK) play important roles in vascular inflammation.	Adenosine	44-53	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	76-92
29038540-2	2017	Here we show that endothelial intracellular adenosine and its key regulator adenosine kinase (ADK) play important roles in vascular inflammation.	Adenosine	44-53	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	94-97
29038540-4	2017	Increasing intracellular adenosine by genetic ADK knockdown or exogenous adenosine reduces activation of the transmethylation pathway and attenuates the endothelial inflammatory response.	Adenosine	25-34	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	46-49
29038540-6	2017	Taken together, these results demonstrate that intracellular adenosine, which is controlled by the key molecular regulator ADK, influences endothelial inflammation and vascular inflammatory diseases.The molecular mechanisms underlying vascular inflammation are unclear.	Adenosine	61-70	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	123-126
28977530-10	2017	We demonstrate that PABPN1 and MATR3 are required for paraspeckles, as well as for adenosine to inosine (A to I) RNA editing of Ctn RNA in muscle cells.	Adenosine	83-92	poly(A) binding protein, cytoplasmic 1	Mus musculus	20-26
28977530-10	2017	We demonstrate that PABPN1 and MATR3 are required for paraspeckles, as well as for adenosine to inosine (A to I) RNA editing of Ctn RNA in muscle cells.	Adenosine	83-92	matrin 3	Mus musculus	31-36
28724340-3	2017	A decrease in frataxin causes dysfunction of adenosine triphosphate synthesis, accumulation of mitochondrial iron, and other events leading to downstream cellular dysfunction.	Adenosine	45-54	frataxin	Homo sapiens	14-22
28842709-0	2017	The Parkinson"s disease-associated GPR37 receptor interacts with striatal adenosine A2A receptor controlling its cell surface expression and function in vivo.	Adenosine	74-83	G protein-coupled receptor 37	Mus musculus	35-40
28133948-0	2017	Maternal high salt diet altered Adenosine-mediated vasodilatation via PKA/BK channel pathway in offspring rats.	Adenosine	32-41	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
28363952-3	2017	CD73 on EPDCs extensively generated adenosine from both extracellular ATP and NAD.	Adenosine	36-45	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
28267080-6	2017	Even though the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms of ATIC in chemotherapy-induced tumor necrosis has not been investigated yet, the ATIC 347C&gt;G polymorphism may influence the levels of adenosine after MTX treatment, which may affect the histologic response of osteosarcoma.	Adenosine	194-203	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	138-142
28463561-1	2017	Among non-dopaminergic strategies for combating Parkinson"s disease (PD), antagonism of the A2A adenosine receptor (AR) has emerged to show great potential.	Adenosine	96-105	ferredoxin reductase	Rattus norvegicus	116-118
28399672-4	2017	Areas covered: This review focuses on cancer and explains how in the microenvironment, the ATP-adenosine balance shifts towards an excess of extracellular adenosine Expert commentary: The CD73-adenosine axis plays a key role in the inhibition of anti-tumor functions of immune effector cells.	Adenosine	95-104	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	188-192
28399672-4	2017	Areas covered: This review focuses on cancer and explains how in the microenvironment, the ATP-adenosine balance shifts towards an excess of extracellular adenosine Expert commentary: The CD73-adenosine axis plays a key role in the inhibition of anti-tumor functions of immune effector cells.	Adenosine	155-164	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	188-192
28089454-8	2017	There was a non-significant trend to an increase in freedom from AF in patients receiving routine adenosine challenge (RR 1.18 95%CI 0.99-1.42; p=0.07) in non-randomized studies using cryoablation.	Adenosine	98-107	ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1	Homo sapiens	119-123
28436945-1	2017	Both p150 and p110 isoforms of ADAR1 convert adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA).	Adenosine	45-54	chromatin assembly factor 1 subunit A	Homo sapiens	5-9
28680754-1	2017	CD39/CD73-adenosine pathway has been recently defined as an important tumor-induced immunosuppressive mechanism.	Adenosine	10-19	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	5-9
27485749-3	2017	Adenosine promotes sleep and its A2A receptors (A2AR) are expressed in the OB.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	33-46
27485749-3	2017	Adenosine promotes sleep and its A2A receptors (A2AR) are expressed in the OB.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
27485749-9	2017	These novel findings indicate that adenosine suppresses REM sleep via A2AR in the OB of rodents.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	70-74
28194544-10	2017	It may be proposed that the cardioprotective effects of adenosine and remote preconditioning are possibly mediated through activation of a TRPV channels and consequent, release of CGRP.	Adenosine	56-65	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	180-184
27236567-6	2017	The effect of adenosine is mediated via adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) and the A2AR-triggered adenylate cyclase signaling pathway.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	65-69
27236567-7	2017	In accordance, loss of A2ARs in A2AR null mice significantly attenuates the in vivo induction of TG2 following apoptosis induction in the thymus indicating that adenosine indeed contributes in vivo to the apoptosis-related appearance of the enzyme.	Adenosine	161-170	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	23-27
28258700-4	2017	Extracellular adenosine generated by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 is a newly recognized "immune checkpoint mediator" that interferes with anti-tumor immune responses.	Adenosine	14-23	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	68-72
28062289-3	2017	It was previously demonstrated that purinergic ecto-enzymes regulates extracellular ATP and adenosine levels, influencing immune and inflammatory processes during IFCD.	Adenosine	92-101	tripartite motif containing 33	Homo sapiens	47-51
27539027-14	2017	Interactions between adenosine and dopamine receptors and dopaminergic cell adhesion molecules, including PTPRD, may provide new pharmacological targets for treating RLS.	Adenosine	21-30	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type D	Homo sapiens	106-111
27663683-2	2017	Adenosine deaminases ADA1 and ADA2 (ADAs) decrease the level of adenosine by converting it to inosine, which serves as a negative feedback mechanism.	Adenosine	64-73	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	21-25
27663683-2	2017	Adenosine deaminases ADA1 and ADA2 (ADAs) decrease the level of adenosine by converting it to inosine, which serves as a negative feedback mechanism.	Adenosine	64-73	transcriptional adaptor 2A	Homo sapiens	30-34
27663683-2	2017	Adenosine deaminases ADA1 and ADA2 (ADAs) decrease the level of adenosine by converting it to inosine, which serves as a negative feedback mechanism.	Adenosine	64-73	alkylglycerone phosphate synthase	Homo sapiens	36-40
27638339-4	2017	We have identified soluble enzymes ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73, adenylate kinase-1, and nucleoside diphosphate kinase in the vitreous fluid that control active cycling between pro-inflammatory ATP and anti-inflammatory adenosine.	Adenosine	217-226	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	35-55
27638339-4	2017	We have identified soluble enzymes ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73, adenylate kinase-1, and nucleoside diphosphate kinase in the vitreous fluid that control active cycling between pro-inflammatory ATP and anti-inflammatory adenosine.	Adenosine	217-226	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	56-60
28146060-1	2017	Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important energy sensor which is activated by increases in adenosine monophosphate (AMP)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio and/or adenosine diphosphate (ADP)/ATP ratio, and increases different metabolic pathways such as fatty acid oxidation, glucose transport and mitochondrial biogenesis.	Adenosine	121-130	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	0-48
28146060-1	2017	Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important energy sensor which is activated by increases in adenosine monophosphate (AMP)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio and/or adenosine diphosphate (ADP)/ATP ratio, and increases different metabolic pathways such as fatty acid oxidation, glucose transport and mitochondrial biogenesis.	Adenosine	121-130	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	50-54
28146060-1	2017	Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important energy sensor which is activated by increases in adenosine monophosphate (AMP)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio and/or adenosine diphosphate (ADP)/ATP ratio, and increases different metabolic pathways such as fatty acid oxidation, glucose transport and mitochondrial biogenesis.	Adenosine	151-160	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	0-48
28146060-1	2017	Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important energy sensor which is activated by increases in adenosine monophosphate (AMP)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio and/or adenosine diphosphate (ADP)/ATP ratio, and increases different metabolic pathways such as fatty acid oxidation, glucose transport and mitochondrial biogenesis.	Adenosine	151-160	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	50-54
28146060-1	2017	Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important energy sensor which is activated by increases in adenosine monophosphate (AMP)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio and/or adenosine diphosphate (ADP)/ATP ratio, and increases different metabolic pathways such as fatty acid oxidation, glucose transport and mitochondrial biogenesis.	Adenosine	151-160	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	0-48
28146060-1	2017	Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important energy sensor which is activated by increases in adenosine monophosphate (AMP)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio and/or adenosine diphosphate (ADP)/ATP ratio, and increases different metabolic pathways such as fatty acid oxidation, glucose transport and mitochondrial biogenesis.	Adenosine	151-160	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	50-54
27321181-4	2017	Sequential hydrolysis of extracellular ATP catalyzed by CD39 and CD73 is the main pathway for the generation of adenosine in the tumor interstitium.	Adenosine	112-121	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	65-69
27321181-8	2017	Preclinical data show that targeting the adenosine-generating pathway (that is, CD73) or adenosinergic receptors (that is, A2A) relieves immunosuppresion and potently inhibits tumor growth.	Adenosine	41-50	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	80-84
27587263-2	2017	In this study, we investigated the functional regulation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) by associative learning in physiological and neurodegenerative conditions.	Adenosine	71-80	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	129-172
27587263-2	2017	In this study, we investigated the functional regulation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) by associative learning in physiological and neurodegenerative conditions.	Adenosine	71-80	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Homo sapiens	174-179
28344879-1	2017	CD39 and CD73 are surface-expressed ectonucleotidases that hydrolyze ATP in a highly regulated, serial manner into ADP, AMP and adenosine.	Adenosine	128-137	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	9-13
28344879-7	2017	CD73 expression was inducible on CD14+ cells with sPE, cyclic-AMP (cAMP)-inducers (forskolin and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2)) and adenosine.	Adenosine	126-135	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
28344879-12	2017	Taken together, CD73 expression can be induced by PGE2, cAMP or adenosine on human CD14+ cells.	Adenosine	64-73	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	16-20
28344879-12	2017	Taken together, CD73 expression can be induced by PGE2, cAMP or adenosine on human CD14+ cells.	Adenosine	64-73	CD14 molecule	Homo sapiens	83-87
27577957-4	2016	Compared to HMEC, MDA-MB-231 cells overexpress the ectonucleotidases ENPP1 and CD73, which convert extracellular ATP released by the cells to adenosine that stimulates A3 receptors and promotes cell migration with frequent directional changes.	Adenosine	142-151	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	79-83
27903866-7	2016	This neuroprotective effect of caPAK4 was mediated by phosphorylation of CRTC1 [CREB (adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate response element-binding protein)-regulated transcription coactivator] at S215.	Adenosine	86-95	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-78
27379722-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: The OAS proteins are characterized by their capacity to synthesize 2",5"-linked phosphodiester bonds to polymerize ATP into oligomers of adenosine.	Adenosine	148-157	SPARC related modular calcium binding 1	Homo sapiens	15-18
27399166-8	2016	Gene polymorphisms within the adenosine pathway (ATIC, adenosine A2A receptor [ADORA2A]) and the MTX pathway (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR] and ABCB1) were genotyped using TaqMan assays.	Adenosine	30-39	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	49-53
27696924-1	2016	The most widespread type of RNA editing, conversion of adenosine to inosine (A I), is catalyzed by two members of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) family, ADAR1 and ADAR2.	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	177-182
27999829-11	2016	2016. c) Data analysis: The authors state (p. 97): "As some abnormal rCBF in adenosine-stressed state might relate with normal responses to adenosine compared to resting state, we excluded those regions that showed abnormal rCBF in stressed state in healthy controls (Table 4) from those in IA group (Table 5).	Adenosine	77-86	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	69-73
27430240-0	2016	Adenosine and the adenosine A2A receptor agonist, CGS21680, upregulate CD39 and CD73 expression through E2F-1 and CREB in regulatory T cells isolated from septic mice.	Adenosine	0-9	E2F transcription factor 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	104-109
27102210-2	2016	METHODS: Adenosine in the dialysate collected during perfusion with Tyrode"s solution containing 100muM AMP (through the probe) originated from the hydrolysis of AMP catalyzed by endogenous ecto-5"-nucleotidase, so that the level of adenosine reflected the activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase in this tissue.	Adenosine	9-18	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	190-210
27102210-2	2016	METHODS: Adenosine in the dialysate collected during perfusion with Tyrode"s solution containing 100muM AMP (through the probe) originated from the hydrolysis of AMP catalyzed by endogenous ecto-5"-nucleotidase, so that the level of adenosine reflected the activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase in this tissue.	Adenosine	9-18	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	269-289
27102210-2	2016	METHODS: Adenosine in the dialysate collected during perfusion with Tyrode"s solution containing 100muM AMP (through the probe) originated from the hydrolysis of AMP catalyzed by endogenous ecto-5"-nucleotidase, so that the level of adenosine reflected the activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase in this tissue.	Adenosine	233-242	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	190-210
27102210-5	2016	CONCLUSION: These results indicate that fluvastatin increases in adenosine concentrations in the dialysate which resulted from activation of PKC, mediated by stimulation of alpha1-adrenoceptors, through activation of ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	65-74	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	217-237
28123924-3	2016	We revealed that CD73-generated adenosine induces a physiological response to protect epithelial integrity in well-differentiated, early stage endometrial carcinoma.	Adenosine	32-41	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	17-21
28123924-4	2016	The ability of CD73-generated adenosine to protect the barrier is not so different from its ability to induce immunosuppression and other physiological responses in cancerous tissues.	Adenosine	30-39	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	15-19
27510152-0	2016	Application of ADA1 as a new marker enzyme in sandwich ELISA to study the effect of adenosine on activated monocytes.	Adenosine	84-93	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	15-19
27510152-4	2016	Here, HRP-avidin was substituted with the human adenosine deaminase (hADA1)-streptavidin complex and adenosine as a detection system in commercial ELISA kits.	Adenosine	48-57	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	69-74
27510152-5	2016	The hADA1 ELISA was successfully used to demonstrate that adenosine, bound to A1 and A3 adenosine receptors, increases cytokine secretion by LPS activated monocytes.	Adenosine	58-67	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
27510152-7	2016	In addition, the sensitivity of hADA1-based ELISA could be easily adjusted by changing the adenosine concentration and the incubation time.	Adenosine	91-100	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	32-37
27292188-1	2016	Post-transcriptional adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing mediated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA1 (ADAR1) promotes cancer progression and therapeutic resistance.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	66-100
27292188-1	2016	Post-transcriptional adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing mediated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA1 (ADAR1) promotes cancer progression and therapeutic resistance.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	102-107
27793266-5	2016	The ability of the parasite to modulate the levels of extracellular ATP and adenosine either by directly acting on the levels of these molecules or by inducing the expression of CD39 and CD73 on the infected cell may influence the magnitude of the immune response against the parasite contributing to its growth and survival.	Adenosine	76-85	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	187-191
27188793-0	2016	Adenosine signalling mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of the COX-2 inhibitor nimesulide.	Adenosine	0-9	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	67-72
27188793-1	2016	Extracellular adenosine formation from ATP is controlled by ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase/CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e-5NT/CD73); the latter converts AMP to adenosine and inorganic phosphate, representing the rate limiting step controlling the ratio between extracellular ATP and adenosine.	Adenosine	14-23	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	129-149
27188793-1	2016	Extracellular adenosine formation from ATP is controlled by ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase/CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e-5NT/CD73); the latter converts AMP to adenosine and inorganic phosphate, representing the rate limiting step controlling the ratio between extracellular ATP and adenosine.	Adenosine	14-23	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	157-161
27188793-1	2016	Extracellular adenosine formation from ATP is controlled by ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase/CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e-5NT/CD73); the latter converts AMP to adenosine and inorganic phosphate, representing the rate limiting step controlling the ratio between extracellular ATP and adenosine.	Adenosine	191-200	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	129-149
27188793-1	2016	Extracellular adenosine formation from ATP is controlled by ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase/CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e-5NT/CD73); the latter converts AMP to adenosine and inorganic phosphate, representing the rate limiting step controlling the ratio between extracellular ATP and adenosine.	Adenosine	191-200	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	157-161
27188793-1	2016	Extracellular adenosine formation from ATP is controlled by ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase/CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e-5NT/CD73); the latter converts AMP to adenosine and inorganic phosphate, representing the rate limiting step controlling the ratio between extracellular ATP and adenosine.	Adenosine	191-200	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	129-149
27188793-1	2016	Extracellular adenosine formation from ATP is controlled by ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase/CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e-5NT/CD73); the latter converts AMP to adenosine and inorganic phosphate, representing the rate limiting step controlling the ratio between extracellular ATP and adenosine.	Adenosine	191-200	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	157-161
27188793-12	2016	Our data demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory effect of nimesulide in part is mediated by CD73-derived adenosine acting on A2A receptors.	Adenosine	105-114	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	92-96
27312972-4	2016	This is caused by activation of upregulated neuronal adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) rather than by dysregulation of NMDAR signalling or altered dendritic spine morphology.	Adenosine	53-62	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	78-82
27114365-6	2016	Furthermore adenosine increased the activities of GSH-Px and SOD, as well as retained mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and reduced the expression of ERK, p38, and JNK.	Adenosine	12-21	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	187-190
27534113-2	2016	CD39/ATP-diphosphohydrolase is an integral membrane glycoprotein metabolizing ATP and ADP to AMP; in concert with CD73/ecto-5"-nucleotidase, it contributes to extracellular adenosine accumulation.	Adenosine	173-182	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	114-118
27534113-2	2016	CD39/ATP-diphosphohydrolase is an integral membrane glycoprotein metabolizing ATP and ADP to AMP; in concert with CD73/ecto-5"-nucleotidase, it contributes to extracellular adenosine accumulation.	Adenosine	173-182	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	119-139
27245613-8	2016	Furthermore, increased cAMP concentrations enhanced the expression of HIF target genes encoding CD39 and CD73, which are enzymes that convert extracellular adenosine 5"-triphosphate to adenosine, a molecule that enhances tumor immunosuppression and reduces heart rate and contractility.	Adenosine	156-165	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	105-109
27108838-1	2016	Endonuclease V (EndoV) is an enzyme with specificity for deaminated adenosine (inosine) in nucleic acids.	Adenosine	68-77	endonuclease V	Homo sapiens	0-14
27108838-1	2016	Endonuclease V (EndoV) is an enzyme with specificity for deaminated adenosine (inosine) in nucleic acids.	Adenosine	68-77	endonuclease V	Homo sapiens	16-21
27030757-2	2016	Here we demonstrate that mice deficient for glial adenosine kinase (AdK), the primary metabolizing enzyme for adenosine (Ado), exhibit enhanced expression of this homeostatic drive by three independent measures: (1) increased rebound of slow-wave activity; (2) increased consolidation of slow-wave sleep; and (3) increased time constant of slow-wave activity decay during an average slow-wave sleep episode, proposed and validated here as a new index for homeostatic sleep drive.	Adenosine	50-59	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	68-71
27030757-2	2016	Here we demonstrate that mice deficient for glial adenosine kinase (AdK), the primary metabolizing enzyme for adenosine (Ado), exhibit enhanced expression of this homeostatic drive by three independent measures: (1) increased rebound of slow-wave activity; (2) increased consolidation of slow-wave sleep; and (3) increased time constant of slow-wave activity decay during an average slow-wave sleep episode, proposed and validated here as a new index for homeostatic sleep drive.	Adenosine	121-124	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	50-66
27030757-2	2016	Here we demonstrate that mice deficient for glial adenosine kinase (AdK), the primary metabolizing enzyme for adenosine (Ado), exhibit enhanced expression of this homeostatic drive by three independent measures: (1) increased rebound of slow-wave activity; (2) increased consolidation of slow-wave sleep; and (3) increased time constant of slow-wave activity decay during an average slow-wave sleep episode, proposed and validated here as a new index for homeostatic sleep drive.	Adenosine	121-124	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	68-71
27030757-7	2016	SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The work presented here provides evidence for an adenosine-mediated regulation of sleep in response to waking (i.e., homeostatic sleep need), requiring activation of neuronal adenosine A1 receptors and controlled by glial adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	73-82	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	246-262
27030757-8	2016	Adenosine kinase acts as a highly sensitive and important metabolic sensor of the glial ATP/ADP and AMP ratio directly controlling intracellular adenosine concentration.	Adenosine	145-154	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	0-16
26856700-1	2016	Adenosine is an important regulator of the immune response, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibits this regulatory effect by converting adenosine into functionally inactive molecules.	Adenosine	64-73	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	85-88
26973651-7	2016	This purine nucleotide is rapidly hydrolyzed to adenosine by ectoenzymes on the macrophage surface, CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	48-57	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	109-113
26626486-1	2016	Adenosine signaling via A1 receptor (A1R) and A2A receptor (A2AR) has shown promise in revealing potential targets for neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	60-64
26920550-2	2016	Adenosine is recognised to mediate anti-inflammatory effects via the adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR), as shown in experimental models of arthritis.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	69-91
26920550-2	2016	Adenosine is recognised to mediate anti-inflammatory effects via the adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR), as shown in experimental models of arthritis.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	93-97
27057473-1	2016	CD39 and CD73 are key enzymes in the adenosine (ADO) pathway.	Adenosine	37-46	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	9-13
27057473-1	2016	CD39 and CD73 are key enzymes in the adenosine (ADO) pathway.	Adenosine	48-51	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	9-13
26606937-1	2016	Adenosine can induce hypothermia, as previously demonstrated for adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) agonists.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	65-86
26606937-1	2016	Adenosine can induce hypothermia, as previously demonstrated for adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) agonists.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	88-92
27014745-2	2016	In this context, CD73 is a key molecule, since via degradation of adenosine monophosphate into adenosine, endorses the generation of an immunosuppressed and pro-angiogenic niche within the tumor microenvironment that promotes the onset and progression of cancer.	Adenosine	66-75	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	17-21
26495439-8	2016	It is believed that any action leading to the effective increase of adenosine concentration: activation of nucleotide metabolizing ecto-enzymes (mainly NTPDases - nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases), inhibition of adenosine deaminase and/or adenosine kinase activity as well as therapies using P1 receptor agonists (adenosine or its analogues) might be beneficial in therapy of psychiatric disorders.	Adenosine	68-77	tripartite motif containing 33	Homo sapiens	131-135
26495439-8	2016	It is believed that any action leading to the effective increase of adenosine concentration: activation of nucleotide metabolizing ecto-enzymes (mainly NTPDases - nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases), inhibition of adenosine deaminase and/or adenosine kinase activity as well as therapies using P1 receptor agonists (adenosine or its analogues) might be beneficial in therapy of psychiatric disorders.	Adenosine	223-232	tripartite motif containing 33	Homo sapiens	131-135
26782477-8	2015	We found that the addition of adenosine in UW perfusion solution significantly increased the yield, purity and viability of islet cells, as well as enhanced their insulin release.	Adenosine	30-39	insulin	Sus scrofa	163-170
26331349-5	2015	Interestingly, we report that adenosine signalling through A2A receptor favours interleukin-17 production and the expression of stem cell-associated transcription factors such as tcf-7 and lef-1 but restrains the acquisition of Tc1-related effector molecules such as interferon-gamma and Granzyme B by Tc17 cells.	Adenosine	30-39	lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1	Mus musculus	189-194
26331349-5	2015	Interestingly, we report that adenosine signalling through A2A receptor favours interleukin-17 production and the expression of stem cell-associated transcription factors such as tcf-7 and lef-1 but restrains the acquisition of Tc1-related effector molecules such as interferon-gamma and Granzyme B by Tc17 cells.	Adenosine	30-39	granzyme B	Mus musculus	288-298
27022463-2	2015	Recently, spontaneous adenosine release that is cleared in 3-4 sec was discovered in mouse spinal cord slices and anesthetized rat brains.	Adenosine	22-31	eukaryotic elongation factor, selenocysteine-tRNA-specific	Mus musculus	63-66
27022463-4	2015	The V max for clearance of exogenously applied adenosine in brain slices was 1.4 +- 0.1 mumol/L/sec.	Adenosine	47-56	eukaryotic elongation factor, selenocysteine-tRNA-specific	Mus musculus	96-99
27022463-14	2015	A cocktail of ABT-702, NBTI, and EHNA significantly increased the duration by 0.7 sec, so the mechanisms are not additive and there may be additional mechanisms clearing adenosine on a rapid time scale.	Adenosine	170-179	eukaryotic elongation factor, selenocysteine-tRNA-specific	Mus musculus	82-85
26226423-4	2015	CD39 and CD73 are two ectonucleotidases that cooperate in the generation of extracellular adenosine through ATP hydrolysis, thus tilting the balance towards immunosuppressive microenvironments.	Adenosine	90-99	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	9-13
26226423-6	2015	In this review, we discuss evidence that supports a role of CD73 and CD39 ectonucleotidases in controlling naive T-cell homeostasis and memory cell survival through adenosine production.	Adenosine	165-174	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	60-64
26303340-3	2015	Here, we show that co-activation of mGluR5 and NMDAR in hippocampal slices synergistically leads to a robust phosphorylation of NR2B (Tyr1472), which is Src kinase dependent and is enabled by endogenous adenosine acting on A2A receptors.	Adenosine	203-212	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	36-42
26528137-0	2015	Basal adenosine modulates the functional properties of AMPA receptors in mouse hippocampal neurons through the activation of A1R A2AR and A3R.	Adenosine	6-15	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	129-133
25659586-6	2015	We report here the ability of p73 to upregulate the expression of the A2B receptor, a recently characterized p53 target that effectively promotes cell death in response to extracellular adenosine--a metabolite that accumulates during various forms of cellular stress.	Adenosine	186-195	tumor protein p73	Homo sapiens	30-33
25659586-10	2015	We therefore propose an alternate and distinct p53-independent pathway to stimulate programmed cell death involving p73-mediated engagement of adenosine signalling.	Adenosine	143-152	tumor protein p73	Homo sapiens	116-119
26260792-3	2015	Crystallization of A-CAT in the presence of MgATP yielded structures with AMP or adenosine in the catalytic cleft together with a phosphorylated Asp-766 residue.	Adenosine	81-90	carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens	19-24
26224775-4	2015	In contrast, severe AIH (sAIH; three 5-min episodes, PaO2 ~25-30 mmHG) elicits pLTF by an adenosine-dependent mechanism that requires new TrkB synthesis and Akt signaling.	Adenosine	90-99	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	138-142
26263491-4	2015	We measured the expression of RGS-2,-3, and -4 in both transformed glia cells (human U373 MG astrocytoma cells) and in primary rat astrocyte cultures stimulated with adenosine agonists.	Adenosine	166-175	regulator of G protein signaling 2	Homo sapiens	30-46
26263491-5	2015	Expression of RGS-2 mRNA as well as RGS2 protein was increased up to 30-fold by adenosine agonists in astrocytes.	Adenosine	80-89	regulator of G protein signaling 2	Homo sapiens	14-19
26263491-5	2015	Expression of RGS-2 mRNA as well as RGS2 protein was increased up to 30-fold by adenosine agonists in astrocytes.	Adenosine	80-89	regulator of G protein signaling 2	Homo sapiens	36-40
26263491-8	2015	In astrocytoma cells adenosine agonists elicited an increase in RGS-2 expression solely mediated by A2B receptors.	Adenosine	21-30	regulator of G protein signaling 2	Homo sapiens	64-69
26263491-11	2015	RGS-4 expression was inhibited in astrocytoma cells but enhanced in astrocytes by adenosine agonists.	Adenosine	82-91	regulator of G protein signaling 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
25869606-7	2015	hENT1-adenosine maximal transport activity was reduced (P=0.041), but the expression was increased (P=0.001) in HUVECs from this group.	Adenosine	6-15	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-5
25869606-8	2015	CPZ increased hENT1-adenosine transport (P=0.040) and hENT1 plasma membrane accumulation only in cells from pGWG.	Adenosine	20-29	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	14-19
25524006-4	2015	CD73 is an important cell surface enzyme which converts extracellular adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine.	Adenosine	70-79	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
26010187-3	2015	The deficiency of CD73 involves the extracellular adenosine metabolism that influences inorganic pyrophosphate and phosphate metabolism and leads to tissue calcification.	Adenosine	50-59	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	18-22
25877928-2	2015	This regulatory immunity is mediated by a melanocortin-driven suppressor APC that presents autoantigen and uses adenosine to activate an antigen-specific CD4(+) Tregs through the A2Ar.	Adenosine	112-121	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	179-183
25739357-2	2015	We hypothesized that HS-induced enhanced vascular relaxation through A2AAR and epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EETs) is dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channels) in A2AAR(+/+) mice, while HS-induced vascular contraction to adenosine is dependent on soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) that degrades EETs in A2AAR(-/-) mice.	Adenosine	302-311	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	69-74
25739357-2	2015	We hypothesized that HS-induced enhanced vascular relaxation through A2AAR and epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EETs) is dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channels) in A2AAR(+/+) mice, while HS-induced vascular contraction to adenosine is dependent on soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) that degrades EETs in A2AAR(-/-) mice.	Adenosine	302-311	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	127-175
25739357-2	2015	We hypothesized that HS-induced enhanced vascular relaxation through A2AAR and epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EETs) is dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channels) in A2AAR(+/+) mice, while HS-induced vascular contraction to adenosine is dependent on soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) that degrades EETs in A2AAR(-/-) mice.	Adenosine	302-311	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	177-186
26005855-7	2015	CD39 also contributes to Tr1 suppressive activity by generating adenosine in cooperation with CD73 expressed by responder T cells and antigen-presenting cells.	Adenosine	64-73	taste 1 receptor member 1	Homo sapiens	25-28
25747753-0	2015	An interaction between glucagon-like peptide-1 and adenosine contributes to cardioprotection of a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor from myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.	Adenosine	51-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Canis lupus familiaris	98-120
25747753-3	2015	Known interactions between DPP4 and adenosine deaminase (ADA) suggest an involvement of adenosine signaling in DPP4 inhibitor-mediated cardioprotection.	Adenosine	36-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Canis lupus familiaris	111-115
25779930-10	2015	Taken together, our results provide compelling novel evidence that A2aR-mediated adenosine signaling contributes to the selective spinal motor neuron degeneration observed in the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS.	Adenosine	81-90	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	67-71
25780037-4	2015	ODNs shorter than 21 nt and with the adenosine adjacent to the cytidine-guanosine (CG) dinucleotide motif led to a significant loss of the propensity to activate TLR9.	Adenosine	37-46	toll like receptor 9	Homo sapiens	162-166
25573752-9	2015	In conclusion, stimulation of A2AR by specific agonists or by increasing endogenous adenosine levels stimulates new bone formation as well as BMP-2 and represents a novel approach to stimulating bone regeneration.	Adenosine	84-93	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	30-34
24859383-3	2015	Here, we show that transduction of nigral DA neurons with hRheb(S16H) significantly increases the levels of phospho-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (p-CREB), GDNF, and BDNF in neurons, which are attenuated by rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1).	Adenosine	123-132	Ras homolog, mTORC1 binding	Homo sapiens	58-63
25565160-13	2015	At both excitatory and inhibitory synapses, the magnitude of A1R-mediated suppression and A2AR-A1R interaction expressed high variability, suggesting high heterogeneity of synapses in the sensitivity to adenosine.	Adenosine	203-212	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	90-94
25451117-0	2015	2",3"-cAMP, 3"-AMP, 2"-AMP and adenosine inhibit TNF-alpha and CXCL10 production from activated primary murine microglia via A2A receptors.	Adenosine	31-40	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10	Mus musculus	63-69
25451117-5	2015	In the first experiment, the effect of 2",3"-cAMP, 3"-AMP, 2"-AMP and adenosine on LPS-induced TNF-alpha and CXCL10 production was determined.	Adenosine	70-79	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10	Mus musculus	109-115
25451117-9	2015	CONCLUSIONS: 2",3"-cAMP and its metabolites (3"-AMP, 2"-AMP and adenosine) inhibit LPS-induced TNF-alpha and CXCL10 production via A2A-receptor activation.	Adenosine	64-73	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10	Mus musculus	109-115
25048519-7	2015	Coadjuvant ectoenzymes include PC-1/CD203a, CD39, and CD73, which control the production of ADO.	Adenosine	92-95	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	54-58
26235575-8	2015	The uptake of both uridine and DAC was inhibited by uridine, cytidine, adenosine, or inosine, while that of DAC was also inhibited by thymidine.	Adenosine	71-80	arylacetamide deacetylase	Homo sapiens	31-34
25856065-6	2015	Although plasma mixed with citrate, adenosine, theophylline and adenosine (CTAD) is needed for the PF4 and beta-TG assays, effects of anti-coagulants (EDTA, citrate and CTAD) on the sCLEC-2 ELISA were negligible.	Adenosine	64-73	pro-platelet basic protein	Homo sapiens	107-114
25625181-1	2015	Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing is a post-transcriptional process, catalyzed by ADAR enzymes, with an important role in diversifying the number of proteins derived from a single gene.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Rattus norvegicus	81-85
25551770-9	2014	Beyond the expected enrichment of ion channels, we found the TRPV1 transcriptome to be enriched for GPCRs and other signaling proteins involved in adenosine, calcium, and phosphatidylinositol signaling.	Adenosine	147-156	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-66
25490556-3	2014	Adenosine has previously been shown to suppress the proliferation and cytokine secretion of T-cells and recent evidence suggests that inhibition of CD73 has the potential to enhance T-cell directed therapies.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	148-152
25080434-5	2014	Extracellular nucleotides and adenosine were shown to be rapidly metabolized on tumor cell surfaces via sequential ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73/NT5E) and adenosine deaminase reactions with subsequent cellular uptake of nucleoside metabolites and their intracellular interconversion into ADP/ATP.	Adenosine	30-39	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	115-135
25080434-5	2014	Extracellular nucleotides and adenosine were shown to be rapidly metabolized on tumor cell surfaces via sequential ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73/NT5E) and adenosine deaminase reactions with subsequent cellular uptake of nucleoside metabolites and their intracellular interconversion into ADP/ATP.	Adenosine	30-39	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	137-141
25080434-5	2014	Extracellular nucleotides and adenosine were shown to be rapidly metabolized on tumor cell surfaces via sequential ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73/NT5E) and adenosine deaminase reactions with subsequent cellular uptake of nucleoside metabolites and their intracellular interconversion into ADP/ATP.	Adenosine	30-39	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	142-146
25352330-4	2014	Furthermore, ATP is rapidly degraded into adenosine by ectonucleotidases such as CD39 and CD73, and adenosine exerts additional regulatory effects through its own receptors.	Adenosine	42-51	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	90-94
24907587-3	2014	In adult male mice, we found that adenosine doubled caspase-1 activity in brain by a pathway reliant on ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels, protein kinase A (PKA) and the A2A adenosine receptor (AR).	Adenosine	34-43	caspase 1	Mus musculus	52-61
24907587-4	2014	In addition, adenosine-dependent activation of caspase-1 increased interleukin (IL)-1beta in the brain by 2-fold.	Adenosine	13-22	caspase 1	Mus musculus	47-56
24907587-5	2014	Peripheral administration of adenosine in wild-type (WT) mice led to a 2.3-fold increase in caspase-1 activity in the amygdala and to a 33% and 42% reduction in spontaneous locomotor activity and food intake, respectively, that were not observed in caspase-1 knockout (KO), IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) KO and A2A AR KO mice or in mice administered a caspase-1 inhibitor centrally.	Adenosine	29-38	caspase 1	Mus musculus	92-101
24907587-5	2014	Peripheral administration of adenosine in wild-type (WT) mice led to a 2.3-fold increase in caspase-1 activity in the amygdala and to a 33% and 42% reduction in spontaneous locomotor activity and food intake, respectively, that were not observed in caspase-1 knockout (KO), IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) KO and A2A AR KO mice or in mice administered a caspase-1 inhibitor centrally.	Adenosine	29-38	caspase 1	Mus musculus	249-258
24907587-5	2014	Peripheral administration of adenosine in wild-type (WT) mice led to a 2.3-fold increase in caspase-1 activity in the amygdala and to a 33% and 42% reduction in spontaneous locomotor activity and food intake, respectively, that were not observed in caspase-1 knockout (KO), IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) KO and A2A AR KO mice or in mice administered a caspase-1 inhibitor centrally.	Adenosine	29-38	caspase 1	Mus musculus	249-258
24907587-7	2014	Caspase-1 KO mice, IL-1R1 KO mice, A2A AR KO mice and WT mice treated with the KATP channel blocker, glyburide, were resistant to adenosine-induced anxiety-like behaviors.	Adenosine	130-139	caspase 1	Mus musculus	0-9
24907587-8	2014	Thus, our results indicate that adenosine can act as an anxiogenic by activating caspase-1 and increasing IL-1beta in the brain.	Adenosine	32-41	caspase 1	Mus musculus	81-90
24808540-9	2014	In conclusion, kidneys express CNPase, and renal CNPase mediates in part the renal 2",3"-cAMP-adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	94-103	2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase	Rattus norvegicus	49-55
24747358-1	2014	The orphan G-protein coupled receptor 6 (GPR6) is a constitutively active receptor which is positively coupled to the formation of cyclic adenosine-3",5"-monophosphate (cAMP).	Adenosine	138-147	G protein-coupled receptor 6	Mus musculus	41-45
24808017-7	2014	KIF1C mutations in SPG58 affect the domains involved in adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis and microtubule binding, key functions for this microtubule-based motor protein.	Adenosine	56-65	kinesin family member 1C	Homo sapiens	0-5
24808017-7	2014	KIF1C mutations in SPG58 affect the domains involved in adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis and microtubule binding, key functions for this microtubule-based motor protein.	Adenosine	56-65	kinesin family member 1C	Homo sapiens	19-24
24614760-5	2014	This finding led us to further discover that excess adenosine signaling via ADORA2B activation directly reduces PDE5 gene expression in a hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha)-dependent manner.	Adenosine	52-61	phosphodiesterase 5A, cGMP-specific	Mus musculus	112-116
24614760-5	2014	This finding led us to further discover that excess adenosine signaling via ADORA2B activation directly reduces PDE5 gene expression in a hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha)-dependent manner.	Adenosine	52-61	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	138-169
24614760-5	2014	This finding led us to further discover that excess adenosine signaling via ADORA2B activation directly reduces PDE5 gene expression in a hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha)-dependent manner.	Adenosine	52-61	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	171-181
24614760-6	2014	Overall, we reveal that excess adenosine-mediated ADORA2B signaling underlies reduced penile PDE activity by decreasing PDE5 gene expression in a HIF-1alpha-dependent manner and provide new insight for the pathogenesis of priapism and novel therapies for the disease.	Adenosine	31-40	phosphodiesterase 5A, cGMP-specific	Mus musculus	120-124
24614760-6	2014	Overall, we reveal that excess adenosine-mediated ADORA2B signaling underlies reduced penile PDE activity by decreasing PDE5 gene expression in a HIF-1alpha-dependent manner and provide new insight for the pathogenesis of priapism and novel therapies for the disease.	Adenosine	31-40	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	146-156
24905200-1	2014	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA1 (ADAR1) catalyzes the C6 deamination of adenosine (A) to produce inosine (I) in regions of RNA with double-stranded (ds) character.	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-34
24905200-1	2014	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA1 (ADAR1) catalyzes the C6 deamination of adenosine (A) to produce inosine (I) in regions of RNA with double-stranded (ds) character.	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	36-41
24905200-5	2014	Dependent on the duplex structure of the dsRNA substrate, deamination of adenosine by ADAR can be either highly site-selective or nonspecific.	Adenosine	73-82	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	86-90
24744243-1	2014	Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADAR) are a class of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of adenosine to inosine in RNA.	Adenosine	99-108	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	38-42
24668173-6	2014	A nucleotidase inhibitor and A2a adenosine receptor antagonist inhibited the apoptotic supernatant-induced gene expression, suggesting AMP was metabolized to adenosine by an ecto-5"-nucleotidase expressed on macrophages, to activate the macrophage A2a adenosine receptor.	Adenosine	33-42	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	174-194
24548272-1	2014	In eukaryotes, the tRNA(His) guanylyltransferase (Thg1) catalyzes 3"-5" addition of a single guanosine residue to the -1 position (G-1) of tRNA(His), across from a highly conserved adenosine at position 73 (A73).	Adenosine	181-190	tRNA guanylyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	50-54
24660106-4	2014	We found that treatment with APCP, selective inhibitor of the adenosine-generating nucleotidase CD73, enhanced the activity of anti-CTLA4 mAb, by improving tumor immune response.	Adenosine	62-71	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	96-100
24505337-8	2014	In summary, we describe a human Th17 subpopulation with suppressor activity, which expresses high levels of CD39 and consequently produces extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	153-162	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	108-112
24316715-0	2014	A METTL3-METTL14 complex mediates mammalian nuclear RNA N6-adenosine methylation.	Adenosine	59-68	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	2-8
24297662-1	2014	The role of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), an enzyme providing interstitial adenosine, was investigated in B16F10 melanoma progression.	Adenosine	74-83	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	12-32
24297662-1	2014	The role of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), an enzyme providing interstitial adenosine, was investigated in B16F10 melanoma progression.	Adenosine	74-83	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	34-38
24395775-4	2014	Our studies show that extracellular phosphate uptake through solute carrier family 20 (phosphate transporter), member 1 (SLC20a1) supports osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells via adenosine, an ATP metabolite, which acts as an autocrine/paracrine signaling molecule through A2b adenosine receptor.	Adenosine	202-211	solute carrier family 20 member 1	Homo sapiens	61-119
24395775-4	2014	Our studies show that extracellular phosphate uptake through solute carrier family 20 (phosphate transporter), member 1 (SLC20a1) supports osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells via adenosine, an ATP metabolite, which acts as an autocrine/paracrine signaling molecule through A2b adenosine receptor.	Adenosine	202-211	solute carrier family 20 member 1	Homo sapiens	121-128
25486201-2	2014	This disease is caused by mutations in the NT5E gene which encodes CD73, a membrane-bound ecto-5"-nucleotidase hydrolyzing 5"-AMP into adenosine and Pi.	Adenosine	135-144	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	43-47
25486201-2	2014	This disease is caused by mutations in the NT5E gene which encodes CD73, a membrane-bound ecto-5"-nucleotidase hydrolyzing 5"-AMP into adenosine and Pi.	Adenosine	135-144	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	67-71
25486201-2	2014	This disease is caused by mutations in the NT5E gene which encodes CD73, a membrane-bound ecto-5"-nucleotidase hydrolyzing 5"-AMP into adenosine and Pi.	Adenosine	135-144	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	90-110
24389178-6	2014	A recent observation is that CD38 may run an escape circuit leading to the production of adenosine.	Adenosine	89-98	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	29-33
24707115-4	2014	Two of these enzymes acting sequentially, CD39 and CD73, efficiently hydrolyze extracellular ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	100-109	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	42-46
24940685-2	2014	Extracellular pathway that converts ATP and ADP to AMP, and AMP to adenosine mainly mediated by ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1, (ENTPD1 or CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (E5NT or CD73) respectively, is considered as important target for xenograft protection.	Adenosine	67-76	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	96-145
24940685-2	2014	Extracellular pathway that converts ATP and ADP to AMP, and AMP to adenosine mainly mediated by ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1, (ENTPD1 or CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (E5NT or CD73) respectively, is considered as important target for xenograft protection.	Adenosine	67-76	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	148-154
24940685-2	2014	Extracellular pathway that converts ATP and ADP to AMP, and AMP to adenosine mainly mediated by ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1, (ENTPD1 or CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (E5NT or CD73) respectively, is considered as important target for xenograft protection.	Adenosine	67-76	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	158-162
24940685-8	2014	Following addition of AMP, production of adenosine in the medium of E5NT/ENTPD1- and E5NT- transfected cells increased to 14.2+-1.1 and 24.5+-3.4 muM respectively while it remained below 1 muM in controls and in ENTPD1-transfected cells.	Adenosine	41-50	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	73-79
24940685-9	2014	A marked increase of adenosine formation from ADP or ATP was observed only in E5NT/ENTPD1-transfected cells (11.7+-0.1 and 5.7+-2.2 muM respectively) but not in any other condition studied.	Adenosine	21-30	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	83-89
24294542-5	2013	C3H10T1/2 cells were treated with Periodate oxidized adenosine (Adox), an inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine-dependent hydrolase (SAHH), which in turn block the non-DNA methylation pathway.	Adenosine	53-62	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase	Mus musculus	87-129
24294542-5	2013	C3H10T1/2 cells were treated with Periodate oxidized adenosine (Adox), an inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine-dependent hydrolase (SAHH), which in turn block the non-DNA methylation pathway.	Adenosine	53-62	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase	Mus musculus	131-135
23962057-1	2013	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Adenosine may be generated by hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides by ectonucleotidases, including ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39), ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP-1) and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP).	Adenosine	24-33	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	183-203
23962057-1	2013	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Adenosine may be generated by hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides by ectonucleotidases, including ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39), ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP-1) and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP).	Adenosine	24-33	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	205-209
23962057-1	2013	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Adenosine may be generated by hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides by ectonucleotidases, including ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39), ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP-1) and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP).	Adenosine	24-33	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Mus musculus	212-258
23962057-1	2013	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Adenosine may be generated by hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides by ectonucleotidases, including ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39), ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP-1) and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP).	Adenosine	24-33	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Mus musculus	260-265
23729294-4	2013	Further analysis revealed that C3H and C57BL livers differ significantly in messenger RNA (mRNA) level, protein expression, and enzymatic activity of the adenosine-generating enzyme, ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), which was significantly lower in C57BL livers.	Adenosine	154-163	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	183-203
23729294-4	2013	Further analysis revealed that C3H and C57BL livers differ significantly in messenger RNA (mRNA) level, protein expression, and enzymatic activity of the adenosine-generating enzyme, ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), which was significantly lower in C57BL livers.	Adenosine	154-163	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	205-209
23729294-11	2013	Expression of the adenosine-generating enzyme, CD73, contributes to experimental MDB induction and is highly regulated in MDB-associated liver injury in mice and in chronic human liver disease.	Adenosine	18-27	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	47-51
23941770-9	2013	ATP metabolites including adenosine 5"-diphosphate (ADP), adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP), and adenosine inhibited MMP-1 expression, but ADP-betaS, a stable ADP, did not, suggesting that adenosine converted from ATP by the action of CD39/ENTPD and CD73/5"-NT may contribute to MMP-1 inhibition.	Adenosine	26-35	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	116-121
23983257-3	2013	EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In this study, we investigated whether targeted blockade of CD73, an ectonucleotidase that catabolizes the hydrolysis of extracellular adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine, can enhance the antitumor activity of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 mAbs against transplanted and chemically induced mouse tumors.	Adenosine	156-165	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	81-85
23969284-7	2013	Ado inhibited LPS-increased HIF-1alpha accumulation under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, through activation of A1 and A3 receptors.	Adenosine	0-3	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	28-38
24008387-2	2013	It converts adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA regions through the action of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) proteins.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	90-123
24008387-2	2013	It converts adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA regions through the action of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) proteins.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	125-129
23686368-6	2013	Supernatants collected from HIV-infected macrophages (HIV/MDM) contained large amounts of ATP, ADP, AMP and small amounts of adenosine, in addition to glutamate.	Adenosine	125-134	secreted LY6/PLAUR domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	58-61
24066228-2	2013	Because in many cell types CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) is important for the conversion of 5"-AMP to adenosine, we investigated whether CD73 is necessary for normal renal sympathetic neurotransmission.	Adenosine	100-109	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	33-53
23713028-3	2013	Here we have used microelectrode biosensors to directly measure adenosine release induced by focal stimulation in stratum radiatum of area CA1 in mouse hippocampal slices.	Adenosine	64-73	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	139-142
23713028-8	2013	A reduction of adenosine release in the presence of NTPDase blockers, in slices from CD73(-/-) and dn-SNARE mice, provides evidence that a component of adenosine release arises from the extracellular metabolism of ATP released from astrocytes.	Adenosine	15-24	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	85-89
23713028-8	2013	A reduction of adenosine release in the presence of NTPDase blockers, in slices from CD73(-/-) and dn-SNARE mice, provides evidence that a component of adenosine release arises from the extracellular metabolism of ATP released from astrocytes.	Adenosine	15-24	golgi SNAP receptor complex member 2	Mus musculus	102-107
23713028-8	2013	A reduction of adenosine release in the presence of NTPDase blockers, in slices from CD73(-/-) and dn-SNARE mice, provides evidence that a component of adenosine release arises from the extracellular metabolism of ATP released from astrocytes.	Adenosine	152-161	golgi SNAP receptor complex member 2	Mus musculus	102-107
24159377-5	2013	The Nox inhibitors apocynin (10-5 M) and gp91 ds-tat (10-6 M) or the SOD and catalase-mimicking agent EUK134 (50 muM) decreased the adenosine-enhanced CF in the WT and all the KOs.	Adenosine	132-141	paired Ig-like receptor B	Mus musculus	41-45
24159377-6	2013	Additionally, adenosine increased phosphorylation of p47-phox subunit and ERK 1/2 without changing protein expression of Nox isoforms in WT.	Adenosine	14-23	neutrophil cytosolic factor 1	Mus musculus	53-61
23903042-3	2013	The Cth2 protein contains two Cx8Cx5Cx3H tandem zinc fingers (TZFs) that specifically bind to adenosine/uridine-rich elements within the 3" untranslated region of many mRNAs to promote their degradation.	Adenosine	94-103	Tis11p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-8
23843511-0	2013	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73)-mediated formation of adenosine is critical for the striatal adenosine A2A receptor functions.	Adenosine	50-59	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-20
23843511-0	2013	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73)-mediated formation of adenosine is critical for the striatal adenosine A2A receptor functions.	Adenosine	50-59	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	22-26
23843511-3	2013	We now show that ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), the major enzyme able to convert extracellular AMP into adenosine, colocalizes with A2ARs in the basal ganglia.	Adenosine	102-111	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	17-37
23843511-3	2013	We now show that ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), the major enzyme able to convert extracellular AMP into adenosine, colocalizes with A2ARs in the basal ganglia.	Adenosine	102-111	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	39-43
23843511-8	2013	These results show that CD73-mediated formation of extracellular adenosine is responsible for the activation of striatal A2AR function.	Adenosine	65-74	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	24-28
23637137-2	2013	Adenosine is an endogenous sleep regulatory substance, which promotes sleep via A1 and A2A receptors (A2AR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	87-100
23637137-2	2013	Adenosine is an endogenous sleep regulatory substance, which promotes sleep via A1 and A2A receptors (A2AR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	102-106
23776700-1	2013	CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) is a cell surface enzyme that regulates purinergic signalling by desphosphorylating extracellular AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	133-142	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
23776700-1	2013	CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) is a cell surface enzyme that regulates purinergic signalling by desphosphorylating extracellular AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	133-142	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	6-26
23413361-0	2013	CD73+ regulatory T cells contribute to adenosine-mediated resolution of acute lung injury.	Adenosine	39-48	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
23413361-7	2013	Similarly, genetic deletion of cd73, the pacemaker for extracellular adenosine generation, was associated with increased mortality (0% wild-type and 40% in cd73(-/-) mice; P&lt;0.05) and failure to resolve ALI adequately.	Adenosine	69-78	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	31-35
23413361-11	2013	Together, these studies implicate CD73-dependent adenosine generation in Tregs in promoting ALI resolution.	Adenosine	49-58	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	34-38
23271562-3	2013	Acute or chronic inflammatory conditions lead to the release of precursor adenine nucleotides (adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosien diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)) from cells, which are extracellularly catabolized into adenosine by extracellular ectonucleotidases, i.e., CD39 or nucleoside triphosphate dephosphorylase (NTPD) and CD73 or 5"-ectonucleotidase.	Adenosine	95-104	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	295-299
23274765-2	2013	Extracellular adenosine is synthesized by the cell-surface ectoenzyme ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) from 5"-adenosine monophosphate.	Adenosine	14-23	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	70-90
23274765-2	2013	Extracellular adenosine is synthesized by the cell-surface ectoenzyme ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) from 5"-adenosine monophosphate.	Adenosine	14-23	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	92-96
23615966-8	2013	Also analyzed is the behavior of CD38 as an enzyme: CD38 is a component of a pathway leading to the production of adenosine in the tumor microenvironment, thus inducing local anergy.	Adenosine	114-123	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	33-37
23615966-8	2013	Also analyzed is the behavior of CD38 as an enzyme: CD38 is a component of a pathway leading to the production of adenosine in the tumor microenvironment, thus inducing local anergy.	Adenosine	114-123	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	52-56
23535492-10	2013	CONCLUSIONS: AA diplotype of ADORA2A is associated with AESD and may alter the intracellular adenosine/cAMP cascade, thereby promoting seizures and excitotoxic brain damage in patients.	Adenosine	93-102	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	29-36
23288168-6	2013	CD73 was localized on the cell surface of endothelial cells, but not of vascular smooth muscle cells, and its deficiency suppressed vasodilation of mouse coronary arteries to adenine nucleotides and augmented vasodilation to adenosine.	Adenosine	225-234	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
23789343-8	2013	Phosphorylation and hyperphosphorylation of tau-proteins is also tightly connected with protective mechanisms of cells and with processes of evacuation of phosphates, adenosine mono-phosphates and pyrophosphates from the region of protein synthesis.	Adenosine	167-176	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	44-47
23263788-4	2013	Adenosine is a signaling molecule that functions through the activation of four distinct adenosine receptors--the ADORA1, ADORA2A, ADORA2B, and ADORA3 receptors.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	122-129
23017368-3	2013	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase is the only eukaryotic enzyme capable of reversible AdoHcy hydrolysis to adenosine and homocysteine and, thus, relief from AdoHcy inhibition.	Adenosine	109-118	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	0-35
23199317-3	2013	The ecto-enzymes CD39 and CD73 can dephosphorylate extracellular ATP to adenosine, thereby controlling this important pathway of immune modulation.	Adenosine	72-81	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	17-21
23069939-9	2013	In conclusion, we evidenced that adenosine signaling at the onset of diabetic kidney disease is a pathogenic event that promotes VEGF induction.	Adenosine	33-42	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	129-133
23658513-0	2013	Regulatory T cells negatively affect IL-2 production of effector T cells through CD39/adenosine pathway in HIV infection.	Adenosine	86-95	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	81-85
23658513-2	2013	A subpopulation of human Treg expresses the ectoenzyme CD39, which in association with CD73 converts ATP/ADP/AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	116-125	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	55-59
23083809-5	2012	Mouse Th17 cells induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) express CD39 and CD73 ectonucleotidases on their surfaces, which leads to adenosine release and suppression of T cell immunity.	Adenosine	145-154	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	88-92
23847753-6	2013	Lymphocyte A2AR expression was correlated to plasma adenosine level and A2AR occupation but not to A2AR response.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	11-15
22885375-1	2012	Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR1 and ADAR2) are human RNA-editing adenosine deaminases responsible for the conversion of adenosine to inosine at specific locations in cellular RNAs.	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	36-41
22772752-5	2012	Inducible enzymes such as CD73 and CD39 regulate adenosine formation and degradation in vivo.	Adenosine	49-58	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	35-39
22835488-2	2012	Tregs express CD73, the final enzyme involved in the production of extracellular adenosine, and activation of the adenosine 2A receptor (A(2A)R) on immune cells suppresses inflammation and preserves kidney function after IRI.	Adenosine	81-90	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	14-18
22907306-1	2012	The present study was designed to investigate the role of protein kinase A (PKA) and phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) in the stimulating effect of adenosine on the basolateral 50 pS K(+) channels in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the rat kidney.	Adenosine	142-151	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	58-74
22907306-1	2012	The present study was designed to investigate the role of protein kinase A (PKA) and phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) in the stimulating effect of adenosine on the basolateral 50 pS K(+) channels in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the rat kidney.	Adenosine	142-151	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
22907306-1	2012	The present study was designed to investigate the role of protein kinase A (PKA) and phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) in the stimulating effect of adenosine on the basolateral 50 pS K(+) channels in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the rat kidney.	Adenosine	142-151	phospholipase A2 group IB	Rattus norvegicus	85-103
22907306-1	2012	The present study was designed to investigate the role of protein kinase A (PKA) and phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) in the stimulating effect of adenosine on the basolateral 50 pS K(+) channels in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the rat kidney.	Adenosine	142-151	phospholipase A2 group IB	Rattus norvegicus	105-111
22626827-4	2012	For signaling each of eight possible Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn phosphate-loaded apoferritin nanoparticle probes were linked to adenosine (A), cytidine (C), guanosine (G), and thymidine (T) mononucleotides, respectively.	Adenosine	159-168	ferritin heavy chain 1	Homo sapiens	112-123
22388174-0	2012	Intracellularly transported adenosine induces apoptosis in [corrected] MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by accumulating AMID in the nucleus.	Adenosine	28-37	apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 2	Homo sapiens	119-123
22388174-3	2012	Adenosine promoted translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF)-homologous mitochondrion-associated inducer of death (AMID) from the cytosol into the nucleus, although the total amount of AMID was not affected.	Adenosine	0-9	apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 2	Homo sapiens	36-120
22388174-3	2012	Adenosine promoted translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF)-homologous mitochondrion-associated inducer of death (AMID) from the cytosol into the nucleus, although the total amount of AMID was not affected.	Adenosine	0-9	apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 2	Homo sapiens	122-126
22388174-3	2012	Adenosine promoted translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF)-homologous mitochondrion-associated inducer of death (AMID) from the cytosol into the nucleus, although the total amount of AMID was not affected.	Adenosine	0-9	apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 2	Homo sapiens	192-196
22388174-4	2012	Adenosine-induced MCF-7 cell death was abrogated by knocking-down AMID.	Adenosine	0-9	apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 2	Homo sapiens	66-70
22388174-5	2012	The results of the present study indicate that intracellularly transported adenosine induces MCF-7 cell apoptosis by accumulating AMID in the nucleus in a caspase-independent manner.	Adenosine	75-84	apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 2	Homo sapiens	130-134
22658416-1	2012	The RNA editing enzyme ADAR chemically modifies adenosine (A) to inosine (I), which is interpreted by the ribosome as a guanosine.	Adenosine	48-57	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA	Drosophila melanogaster	23-27
22210494-1	2012	Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADAR) catalyze adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) editing in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) substrates.	Adenosine	53-62	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA	Drosophila melanogaster	38-42
22585562-1	2012	Human CD4(+) CD39(+)  regulatory T (Treg) cells hydrolyze exogenous adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and participate in immunosuppressive adenosine production.	Adenosine	68-77	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	13-17
22639086-2	2012	In our recent studies, we showed that NEIL1"s catalytic efficiency and lesion specificity are regulated by an RNA-editing adenosine deamination reaction.	Adenosine	122-131	nei like DNA glycosylase 1	Homo sapiens	38-43
22540145-3	2012	Extracellular ATP and adenosine diphosphate are converted to adenosine monophosphate (AMP) by the enzyme ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1, also known as CD39, and extracellular AMP is in turn converted to adenosine by the 5"-ectonuleotidase enzyme CD73.	Adenosine	22-31	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	264-268
22540145-11	2012	These data suggest that sleep is regulated, in part, by extracellular adenosine derived from the actions of CD73.	Adenosine	70-79	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	108-112
22380733-5	2012	Deamination by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA and apolipoprotein B editing complex was found.	Adenosine	15-24	apolipoprotein B	Macaca mulatta	53-69
22253026-8	2012	This review discusses the possible link that could exist between the adenosine-dependent regulation of FADD in the inflammatory context of RA and the potential role of FADD as a therapeutic target in the treatment of RA.	Adenosine	69-78	Fas associated via death domain	Homo sapiens	103-107
22217884-4	2012	However, the understanding of the role of adenosine in the physiology of hEPC is very limited.	Adenosine	42-51	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	73-77
22217884-6	2012	Stimulation of adenosine receptors using adenosine or the nonselective agonist adenosine-5"-N-ethylcarboxamide (NECA) increased hEPC migration in 1.4-fold and 2.1-fold (P &lt; 0.01), respectively.	Adenosine	15-24	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	128-132
22217884-7	2012	Stimulation of hEPC using the A2A-specific agonist CGS-21680 resembled the effect observed in migration when using adenosine or NECA.	Adenosine	115-124	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	15-19
22217884-10	2012	In conclusion, adenosine stimulates hEPC migration by activating A2A and A3 but not A2B receptors and provides evidence to support a role of adenosine in modulating angiogenic capacity of hEPC.	Adenosine	15-24	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	36-40
22217884-10	2012	In conclusion, adenosine stimulates hEPC migration by activating A2A and A3 but not A2B receptors and provides evidence to support a role of adenosine in modulating angiogenic capacity of hEPC.	Adenosine	15-24	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	188-192
22217884-10	2012	In conclusion, adenosine stimulates hEPC migration by activating A2A and A3 but not A2B receptors and provides evidence to support a role of adenosine in modulating angiogenic capacity of hEPC.	Adenosine	141-150	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	188-192
22048125-2	2012	In this study, we found that the formation of AVs was mediated by activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the brains of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice, amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) pathology-bearing model mouse.	Adenosine	80-89	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	163-166
22048125-2	2012	In this study, we found that the formation of AVs was mediated by activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the brains of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice, amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) pathology-bearing model mouse.	Adenosine	80-89	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	213-218
22969939-0	2012	In vitro effect of adenosine on the mRNA expression of Kir 2.1 and Kir 4.1 channels in rat retinal Muller cells at elevated hydrostatic pressure.	Adenosine	19-28	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 10	Rattus norvegicus	67-74
22969939-1	2012	The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of Kir 2.1 and Kir 4.1 channels at an elevated hydrostatic pressure in vitro, and to determine whether adenosine may modulate the mRNA expression of Kir 2.1 and Kir 4.1 channels in retinal Muller cells at an elevated hydrostatic pressure in vitro.	Adenosine	159-168	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 10	Rattus norvegicus	217-224
22969939-3	2012	Muller cells significantly increased the mRNA expression of Kir 2.1 and Kir 4.1 channels at 40 mmHg/24 h. When further treated with 1 muM adenosine at 40 mmHg/24 h, the mRNA expression of the Kir 2.1 channels decreased, while the mRNA expression of the Kir 4.1 channels continued to increase.	Adenosine	138-147	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 10	Rattus norvegicus	72-79
22969939-3	2012	Muller cells significantly increased the mRNA expression of Kir 2.1 and Kir 4.1 channels at 40 mmHg/24 h. When further treated with 1 muM adenosine at 40 mmHg/24 h, the mRNA expression of the Kir 2.1 channels decreased, while the mRNA expression of the Kir 4.1 channels continued to increase.	Adenosine	138-147	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 10	Rattus norvegicus	253-260
22969939-5	2012	Adenosine upregulated the expression of the Kir 4.1 channels, but weakly affected the expression of the Kir 2.1 channels.	Adenosine	0-9	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 10	Rattus norvegicus	44-51
21958963-4	2012	The two peptides-Abeta 1-42 and the smaller and more potent NH(2)-26-44 peptide of the longest 20-22 kDa NH(2)-tau fragment-inhibit the ANT-1-dependent adenosine diphosphate-adenosine triphosphate (ADP/ATP) exchange in a noncompetitive and competitive manner, respectively, and together further aggravate the mitochondrial dysfunction by exacerbating the ANT-1 impairment.	Adenosine	152-161	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	111-114
21958963-4	2012	The two peptides-Abeta 1-42 and the smaller and more potent NH(2)-26-44 peptide of the longest 20-22 kDa NH(2)-tau fragment-inhibit the ANT-1-dependent adenosine diphosphate-adenosine triphosphate (ADP/ATP) exchange in a noncompetitive and competitive manner, respectively, and together further aggravate the mitochondrial dysfunction by exacerbating the ANT-1 impairment.	Adenosine	152-161	solute carrier family 25 member 4	Homo sapiens	136-141
21958963-4	2012	The two peptides-Abeta 1-42 and the smaller and more potent NH(2)-26-44 peptide of the longest 20-22 kDa NH(2)-tau fragment-inhibit the ANT-1-dependent adenosine diphosphate-adenosine triphosphate (ADP/ATP) exchange in a noncompetitive and competitive manner, respectively, and together further aggravate the mitochondrial dysfunction by exacerbating the ANT-1 impairment.	Adenosine	152-161	solute carrier family 25 member 4	Homo sapiens	355-360
21958963-4	2012	The two peptides-Abeta 1-42 and the smaller and more potent NH(2)-26-44 peptide of the longest 20-22 kDa NH(2)-tau fragment-inhibit the ANT-1-dependent adenosine diphosphate-adenosine triphosphate (ADP/ATP) exchange in a noncompetitive and competitive manner, respectively, and together further aggravate the mitochondrial dysfunction by exacerbating the ANT-1 impairment.	Adenosine	174-183	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	111-114
21958963-4	2012	The two peptides-Abeta 1-42 and the smaller and more potent NH(2)-26-44 peptide of the longest 20-22 kDa NH(2)-tau fragment-inhibit the ANT-1-dependent adenosine diphosphate-adenosine triphosphate (ADP/ATP) exchange in a noncompetitive and competitive manner, respectively, and together further aggravate the mitochondrial dysfunction by exacerbating the ANT-1 impairment.	Adenosine	174-183	solute carrier family 25 member 4	Homo sapiens	136-141
22406269-2	2012	Here, we showed that in vitro Th17 cells generated with the cytokines IL-6 and TGF-beta expressed CD39 and CD73 ectonucleotidases, leading to adenosine release and the subsequent suppression of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell effector functions.	Adenosine	142-151	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	98-102
22349223-1	2012	S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHase) catalyzes the reversible breakdown of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) to adenosine and homocysteine.	Adenosine	118-127	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	0-35
22349223-1	2012	S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHase) catalyzes the reversible breakdown of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) to adenosine and homocysteine.	Adenosine	118-127	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	37-43
21801466-0	2012	Comparative effects of retinoic acid, vitamin D and resveratrol alone and in combination with adenosine analogues on methylation and expression of phosphatase and tensin homologue tumour suppressor gene in breast cancer cells.	Adenosine	94-103	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	147-179
21656837-0	2012	Adenosine induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancer cell lines, LNcap-FGC-10, DU-145, and PC3.	Adenosine	0-9	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Homo sapiens	143-146
21656837-2	2012	The present study was designed to understand the mechanism underlying adenosine-induced apoptosis in the DU-145, PC3, and LNcap-FGC10 human prostate cancer cells.	Adenosine	70-79	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Homo sapiens	113-116
21656837-6	2012	RESULT: Adenosine significantly reduced cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in DU-145, PC3, and LNcap-FGC10 cell lines.	Adenosine	8-17	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Homo sapiens	97-100
21080412-7	2012	We thus propose that in conditions of increased adenosine availability, A(2A) receptor activation is responsible for setting part of the endogenous GluR1 Ser-845 phosphorylation tonus and hence, the availability of the GluR1-containing AMPA receptor extrasynaptic pool for synaptic insertion and reinforcement of synaptic strength.	Adenosine	48-57	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	148-153
21080412-7	2012	We thus propose that in conditions of increased adenosine availability, A(2A) receptor activation is responsible for setting part of the endogenous GluR1 Ser-845 phosphorylation tonus and hence, the availability of the GluR1-containing AMPA receptor extrasynaptic pool for synaptic insertion and reinforcement of synaptic strength.	Adenosine	48-57	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	219-224
22220837-3	2012	We found that A29, the center A of three adenosine residues in J1/2, contributes 2 orders of magnitude to the overall ribozyme activity, and double-mutant cycles suggested that J1/2 stabilizes the docked state of P1 over the undocked state via a tertiary interaction involving A29 and the first base pair in helix P2 of the ribozyme, A31 U56.	Adenosine	41-50	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2-18 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	14-17
23133312-5	2012	The conversion of ATP into adenosine is mediated by ectonucleotidase molecules, namely, CD73 and CD39.	Adenosine	27-36	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	97-101
21873810-8	2012	In addition, adenosine and ATP prevented the production of LPS-induced IL-6, TNF-alpha and IL-12 in DH82 cells.	Adenosine	13-22	tumor necrosis factor	Canis lupus familiaris	77-86
23284764-5	2012	Adenosine application and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-blocking normalized this phenotype, suggesting that absence of Panx1 causes chronic extracellular ATP/adenosine depletion, thus facilitating postsynaptic NMDAR activation.	Adenosine	166-175	pannexin 1	Mus musculus	127-132
22859999-2	2012	The question arises as to whether Adenosine to Inosine RNA editing, catalyzed by the ADAR (Adenosine Deaminase acting on RNA) enzymes, differs in human embryogenesis and in adulthood.	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	85-89
22859999-2	2012	The question arises as to whether Adenosine to Inosine RNA editing, catalyzed by the ADAR (Adenosine Deaminase acting on RNA) enzymes, differs in human embryogenesis and in adulthood.	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	91-124
22196733-3	2011	Here, we show that the hematopoietic progenitors also require a signal mediated by Adenosine deaminase growth factor A (Adgf-A) arising from differentiating cells that regulates extracellular levels of adenosine.	Adenosine	202-211	Adenosine deaminase-related growth factor A	Drosophila melanogaster	83-118
22196733-3	2011	Here, we show that the hematopoietic progenitors also require a signal mediated by Adenosine deaminase growth factor A (Adgf-A) arising from differentiating cells that regulates extracellular levels of adenosine.	Adenosine	202-211	Adenosine deaminase-related growth factor A	Drosophila melanogaster	120-126
22196733-4	2011	The adenosine signal opposes the effects of Hedgehog signaling within the hematopoietic progenitor cells and the magnitude of the adenosine signal is kept in check by the level of Adgf-A secreted from differentiating cells.	Adenosine	130-139	Adenosine deaminase-related growth factor A	Drosophila melanogaster	180-186
21715563-5	2011	It is the posttranscriptional deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA catalyzed by enzymes of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) family.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	117-150
21715563-5	2011	It is the posttranscriptional deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA catalyzed by enzymes of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) family.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	152-156
21807070-3	2011	They provide a major source of extracellular AMP, the substrate for adenosine production by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E), and thereby regulate adenosine (P1) receptor signaling.	Adenosine	68-77	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	92-112
21807070-3	2011	They provide a major source of extracellular AMP, the substrate for adenosine production by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E), and thereby regulate adenosine (P1) receptor signaling.	Adenosine	68-77	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	114-118
21257926-4	2011	Adenosine, a crucial negative regulator of inflammation, protects tissues from immune destruction via the adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	106-128
21257926-4	2011	Adenosine, a crucial negative regulator of inflammation, protects tissues from immune destruction via the adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	130-134
21641093-2	2011	The A chain, RTA, enzymaticlly depurinates a specific adenosine in ribosomal RNA, inhibiting protein synthesis.	Adenosine	54-63	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	13-16
21640750-9	2011	In the final experiment, the adenosine A(2A) antagonist MSX-3 significantly attenuated the tremulous jaw movements induced by the 3.0mg/kg dose of galantamine, which is consistent with the hypothesis that co-administration of adenosine A(2A) antagonists may be beneficial in reducing parkinsonian motor impairments induced by anticholinesterase treatment.	Adenosine	29-38	msh homeobox 3	Rattus norvegicus	56-61
21640750-9	2011	In the final experiment, the adenosine A(2A) antagonist MSX-3 significantly attenuated the tremulous jaw movements induced by the 3.0mg/kg dose of galantamine, which is consistent with the hypothesis that co-administration of adenosine A(2A) antagonists may be beneficial in reducing parkinsonian motor impairments induced by anticholinesterase treatment.	Adenosine	226-235	msh homeobox 3	Rattus norvegicus	56-61
21593451-0	2011	Extracellular purine metabolism and signaling of CD73-derived adenosine in murine Treg and Teff cells.	Adenosine	62-71	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	49-53
21593451-1	2011	CD73-derived adenosine acts as potent inhibitor of inflammation, and regulatory T cells (Treg) have been shown to express CD73 as a novel marker.	Adenosine	13-22	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
21593451-10	2011	In summary, CD73-derived adenosine tonically inhibits active NF-kappaB in CD4(+) T-cells, thereby modulating the release of a broad spectrum of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines.	Adenosine	25-34	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	12-16
21593451-11	2011	Downregulation of P2X7 and upregulation of CD73 in Treg after antigenic stimulation may be an important mechanism to maintain the ability of Treg to generate immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	176-185	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	43-47
21750674-0	2011	CD39/adenosine pathway is involved in AIDS progression.	Adenosine	5-14	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
21750674-3	2011	Here, we show that HIV-1 positive patients have a significant increase of Treg-associated expression of CD39/ENTPD1, an ectoenzyme which in concert with CD73 generates adenosine.	Adenosine	168-177	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	104-108
21750674-3	2011	Here, we show that HIV-1 positive patients have a significant increase of Treg-associated expression of CD39/ENTPD1, an ectoenzyme which in concert with CD73 generates adenosine.	Adenosine	168-177	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	109-115
21750674-4	2011	We show in vitro that the CD39/adenosine axis is involved in Treg suppression in HIV infection.	Adenosine	31-40	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	26-30
21546330-2	2011	Adenosine is a strong immunosuppressant that acts mainly through its receptor A(2a) (ADORA2A).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	85-92
21546330-3	2011	Extracellular adenosine levels are a net result of its production (mediated by CD39 and CD73), and of its conversion into inosine by Adenosine Deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	14-23	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	79-83
21513715-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: The ectonucleotidase CD39 is an enzyme involved in adenosine production.	Adenosine	62-71	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
21145355-2	2011	The GTPase family of proteins, including fission proteins, dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1), mitochondrial fission 1 (Fis1), and fusion proteins (Mfn1, Mfn2 and Opa1) are essential to maintain mitochondrial fission and fusion balance, and to provide necessary adenosine triphosphate to neurons.	Adenosine	260-269	dynamin 1 like	Homo sapiens	59-84
21145355-2	2011	The GTPase family of proteins, including fission proteins, dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1), mitochondrial fission 1 (Fis1), and fusion proteins (Mfn1, Mfn2 and Opa1) are essential to maintain mitochondrial fission and fusion balance, and to provide necessary adenosine triphosphate to neurons.	Adenosine	260-269	dynamin 1 like	Homo sapiens	86-90
21322649-5	2011	Here, we report an unprecedented finding from the results of this integrated analysis revealing that ATM dictates purine, pyrimidine, and urea cycle pathways through the regulation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) activated protein kinase (AMPK), a major sensor and regulator of cellular energy homeostasis.	Adenosine	184-193	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	101-104
21335462-12	2011	Together, these results identify AK as an important mediator of adenosine attenuation of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, which acts, at least in part, through inhibition of Raf signaling to mTOR/p70S6k.	Adenosine	64-73	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Rattus norvegicus	190-196
21531294-0	2011	Evaluation of adenosine preconditioning with 99mTc-His10-annexin V in a porcine model of myocardium ischemia and reperfusion injury: preliminary study.	Adenosine	14-23	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	57-66
21346249-1	2011	CD73 is involved in the extracellular ATP metabolism by dephosphorylating extracellular AMP to adenosine and thus regulating permeability of the blood vessels and leukocyte traffic into the tissues.	Adenosine	95-104	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
21508245-0	2011	Intracellular ATP influences synaptic plasticity in area CA1 of rat hippocampus via metabolism to adenosine and activity-dependent activation of adenosine A1 receptors.	Adenosine	98-107	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
21533188-6	2011	NTPD1, NTPD2, NTPD3, NTPD8 and NT5E all catalyze extracellular nucleotide dephosphorylation and in concert achieve stepwise conversion of extracellular ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	159-168	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	31-35
21533188-10	2011	NT5E was present exclusively in detrusor smooth muscle in a pattern complementary with that of NTPD1 suggesting a mechanism for providing adenosine to P1 receptors on the surface of myocytes.	Adenosine	138-147	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
21258363-7	2011	Importantly, we found that inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and adenosine and neutralizing antibodies against IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta could reverse cytokine production, suggesting that IDO, adenosine, IL-10 and Transforming growth factor-beta1 in PF might take part in impairing T-cell functions.	Adenosine	229-238	indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	70-73
21258363-7	2011	Importantly, we found that inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and adenosine and neutralizing antibodies against IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta could reverse cytokine production, suggesting that IDO, adenosine, IL-10 and Transforming growth factor-beta1 in PF might take part in impairing T-cell functions.	Adenosine	229-238	indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	224-227
20665697-0	2011	Epileptogenic insult alters endogenous adenosine control on long-term changes in synaptic strength by theta pattern stimulation in hippocampus area CA1.	Adenosine	39-48	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	148-151
21062891-1	2011	Human p14 (SF3b14), a component of the spliceosomal U2 snRNP, interacts directly with the pre-mRNA branch adenosine within the context of the bulged duplex formed between the pre-mRNA branch region and U2 snRNA.	Adenosine	106-115	splicing factor 3b subunit 6	Homo sapiens	6-9
21062891-1	2011	Human p14 (SF3b14), a component of the spliceosomal U2 snRNP, interacts directly with the pre-mRNA branch adenosine within the context of the bulged duplex formed between the pre-mRNA branch region and U2 snRNA.	Adenosine	106-115	splicing factor 3b subunit 6	Homo sapiens	11-17
21062891-5	2011	These studies reveal specific recognition of the branch adenosine within the p14 pocket and establish the orientation of the bulged duplex RNA bound on the protein surface.	Adenosine	56-65	splicing factor 3b subunit 6	Homo sapiens	77-80
20723579-3	2010	Adenosine but not CHA increased lactate production, glucose uptake, GLUT1, LDHA and MCT4 mRNA levels, and stabilized ZO-1 protein at the cell membrane.	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 16 member 3	Homo sapiens	84-88
20805305-9	2010	Furthermore, ADO-induced DBS was enhanced by 2"-deoxycoformycin (1 muM) and formycin B (0.1 mM), but not by S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (0.1 mM), and it was abolished by CFTR(inh)-172 pretreatment (1 mg/kg i.p).	Adenosine	13-16	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	174-178
20940317-3	2010	We have established a Drosophila model to study the effects of increased adenosine in vivo by mutating the main Drosophila adenosine deaminase-related growth factor (ADGF-A).	Adenosine	73-82	Adenosine deaminase-related growth factor A	Drosophila melanogaster	123-164
20940317-3	2010	We have established a Drosophila model to study the effects of increased adenosine in vivo by mutating the main Drosophila adenosine deaminase-related growth factor (ADGF-A).	Adenosine	73-82	Adenosine deaminase-related growth factor A	Drosophila melanogaster	166-172
20940317-4	2010	Using a genetic screen, we show here that the increased extracellular adenosine in the adgf-a mutant is associated with hyperglycemia and impairment in energy storage.	Adenosine	70-79	Adenosine deaminase-related growth factor A	Drosophila melanogaster	87-93
20728214-8	2010	hEPC-3d cells exhibit hENT1-like adenosine transport (NBTI-sensitive, Na(+)-independent), which is absent in hEPC-14d cells.	Adenosine	33-42	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	0-4
20692262-5	2010	Therefore, we have now developed a highly sensitive assay which enables the quantification of biologically relevant extracellular adenosine via the activation of an ectopically expressed Adenosine 2a-receptor (ADORA2A) in HEK-293 reporter cells.	Adenosine	130-139	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	210-217
20661219-3	2010	The conversion of extracellular ATP to adenosine, in contrast, essentially through the enzymatic activity of the ecto-nucleotidases CD39 and CD73, acts as a negative-feedback mechanism to prevent excessive immune responses.	Adenosine	39-48	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	132-136
20337611-0	2010	Conversion of Th17-type into Th2-type inflammation by acetyl salicylic acid via the adenosine and uric acid pathway in the lung.	Adenosine	84-93	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	29-32
20337611-11	2010	CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that ASA changes Th17-type into Th2-type inflammation mainly via the adenosine and uric acid metabolic pathway in the lung.	Adenosine	104-113	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	67-70
20063052-0	2010	Adenosine-induced caspase-3 activation by tuning Bcl-XL/DIABLO/IAP expression in HuH-7 human hepatoma cells.	Adenosine	0-9	diablo IAP-binding mitochondrial protein	Homo sapiens	56-62
20063052-2	2010	Adenosine downregulated the expression of mRNAs and proteins for Bcl-X(L) and inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (IAP2) to directly inhibit caspase-3, -7, and -9, but it otherwise upregulated the expression of mRNA and protein for DIABLO, an inhibitor of IAPs.	Adenosine	0-9	diablo IAP-binding mitochondrial protein	Homo sapiens	229-235
20063052-6	2010	Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that intracellularly transported adenosine activates caspase-3 by neutralizing caspase-3 inhibition due to IAP as a result of decreased IAP2 expression and reduced IAP activity in response to increased DIABLO expression and perhaps DIABLO release from damaged mitochondria, in addition to caspase-8 activation.	Adenosine	91-100	diablo IAP-binding mitochondrial protein	Homo sapiens	260-266
20063052-6	2010	Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that intracellularly transported adenosine activates caspase-3 by neutralizing caspase-3 inhibition due to IAP as a result of decreased IAP2 expression and reduced IAP activity in response to increased DIABLO expression and perhaps DIABLO release from damaged mitochondria, in addition to caspase-8 activation.	Adenosine	91-100	diablo IAP-binding mitochondrial protein	Homo sapiens	290-296
20175942-7	2010	Administration of adenosine also increased plasma adiponectin levels, accompanied by upregulation of mRNA expression level of adiponectin and adiponectin receptor 1 in perirenal fat and adiponectin receptor 2 in the liver.	Adenosine	18-27	adiponectin receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	186-208
20458493-6	2010	The purpose of the present study was to characterize in the male reproductive tract the expression profile of the main enzyme responsible for the generation of adenosine from AMP, namely the ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	160-169	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	191-211
20458493-6	2010	The purpose of the present study was to characterize in the male reproductive tract the expression profile of the main enzyme responsible for the generation of adenosine from AMP, namely the ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	160-169	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	213-217
20544536-1	2010	A C34T mutation in the AMPD1 gene is proposed to cause local or systemic augmentations in blood adenosine level and improvement of prognoses in heart diseases like congestive heart failure or heart ischemic disease.	Adenosine	96-105	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
19900759-2	2010	In the gene expression assay using a DNA microalley, adenosine upregulated mRNAs for tumor necrosis factor (TNF), TNF receptor 1-associated death domain protein (TRADD), TNF related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2), TRADD/receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), and caspase-9, involving activation of caspase-8 and -9 followed by the effector caspase-3.	Adenosine	53-62	Fas associated via death domain	Homo sapiens	321-325
19900759-2	2010	In the gene expression assay using a DNA microalley, adenosine upregulated mRNAs for tumor necrosis factor (TNF), TNF receptor 1-associated death domain protein (TRADD), TNF related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2), TRADD/receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), and caspase-9, involving activation of caspase-8 and -9 followed by the effector caspase-3.	Adenosine	53-62	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	332-341
20373324-3	2010	Modification of adenosine at the C2" position with a para-carborane cluster (C(2)B(10)H(11)) results in efficient inhibition of platelet function, including aggregation, protein secretion, and P-selectin expression induced by thrombin or ADP.	Adenosine	16-25	selectin P	Homo sapiens	193-203
20357256-6	2010	Compared with borrelia-susceptible C3H/He strain, lymphocytes from C57BL/6 mice displayed markedly enhanced adenosine-generating capability due to approximately three times higher ratio of ecto-5"-nucleotidase to adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	108-117	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	189-209
19861313-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Adenosine, a potent regulator of inflammation, is produced under stressful conditions due to degradation of ATP/ADP by the ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	12-21	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	156-160
19861313-13	2010	CONCLUSION: Bacterial products induce the production of adenosine by up-regulation of CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	56-65	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	95-99
19859827-0	2010	Adenosine regulates thrombomodulin and endothelial protein C receptor expression in folliculostellate cells of the pituitary gland.	Adenosine	0-9	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	20-34
20957068-0	2010	Rapid ischemic tolerance induced by adenosine preconditioning results in Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death (Bim) degradation by the proteasome.	Adenosine	36-45	Bcl2-like 11	Rattus norvegicus	115-118
20957068-7	2010	Immunoblot analysis revealed a decrease in Bim protein levels in adenosine and RPIA preconditioned neurons.	Adenosine	65-74	Bcl2-like 11	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
20957068-9	2010	Our data suggests that pharmacological preconditioning with adenosine results in proteasomal Bim degradation mediated by p42/44 MAPK.	Adenosine	60-69	Bcl2-like 11	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
19901024-0	2010	Recognition of adenosine residues by the active site of poly(A)-specific ribonuclease.	Adenosine	15-24	poly(A)-specific ribonuclease	Homo sapiens	56-85
19901024-3	2010	Our analysis demonstrated that PARN harbors specificity for adenosine recognition in its active site and that the nucleotides surrounding the scissile bond are critical for adenosine recognition.	Adenosine	60-69	poly(A)-specific ribonuclease	Homo sapiens	31-35
19901024-3	2010	Our analysis demonstrated that PARN harbors specificity for adenosine recognition in its active site and that the nucleotides surrounding the scissile bond are critical for adenosine recognition.	Adenosine	173-182	poly(A)-specific ribonuclease	Homo sapiens	31-35
19901024-4	2010	We propose that two binding pockets, which interact with the nucleotides surrounding the scissile bond, play a pivotal role in providing specificity for the recognition of adenosine residues by the active site of PARN.	Adenosine	172-181	poly(A)-specific ribonuclease	Homo sapiens	213-217
19864600-0	2009	Human follicular lymphoma CD39+-infiltrating T cells contribute to adenosine-mediated T cell hyporesponsiveness.	Adenosine	67-76	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	26-30
19864600-5	2009	As the rate limiting step for adenosine generation from pericellular ATP is the ecto-ATPase CD39, we next show that inhibition of CD39 activity using the inhibitor ARL 67156 partially overcomes T cell hyporesponsiveness in a subset of patient samples.	Adenosine	30-39	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	92-96
19864600-5	2009	As the rate limiting step for adenosine generation from pericellular ATP is the ecto-ATPase CD39, we next show that inhibition of CD39 activity using the inhibitor ARL 67156 partially overcomes T cell hyporesponsiveness in a subset of patient samples.	Adenosine	30-39	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	130-134
19733181-1	2009	ADAR1 (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) catalyzes the deamination of adenosine to inosine on RNA substrates with double-stranded character.	Adenosine	7-16	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-5
19710021-1	2009	ADAR1 (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) catalyzes the conversion of adenosine to inosine, a process known as A-to-I editing.	Adenosine	7-16	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-5
19825957-3	2009	The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 are expressed in Treg and convert ATP into immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	97-106	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
19825957-11	2009	The increased frequency and enzymatic activity of CD4(+)CD39(+) cells corresponded to increased adenosine-mediated suppression of effector T cells, which was partly inhibited by ARL67156, an ectonucleotidase inhibitor, and by ZM241385, a selective A(2a)/A(2b) receptor antagonist.	Adenosine	96-105	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	56-60
19712927-6	2009	The present results indicate that the LPS-induced adenosine might promote angiogenesis by the up-regulation of VEGF expression in macrophages/DCs through A(2) receptors.	Adenosine	50-59	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	111-115
19638569-8	2009	Adenosine effects on cell proliferation could be mediated by an early increase in E2F-1 and by that of c-Myc, despite the fact that phosphorylation of the Rb protein and expression of E2F-3 were decreased.	Adenosine	0-9	E2F transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-87
19715457-4	2009	ADAR1 catalyzes the deamination of adenosine (A) to generate inosine (I) in RNAs with double-stranded character.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-5
19667946-10	2009	Furthermore, we show that ECP stimulates the CD39-mediated production of adenosine by Treg, which substantially reduces the T-cell proliferation in in vitro suppression assays.	Adenosine	73-82	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	45-49
19667946-11	2009	CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that ECP stimulates the conversion of ATP to adenosine by the ectonucleotiodase CD39, which acts as a novel soluble immunosuppressive reagent mediating immunosuppression of Treg.	Adenosine	75-84	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	110-114
19539527-2	2009	Accumulated data suggest that injection or consumption of A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR) antagonists may represent a drug treatment that diminishes adenosine-mediated immunosuppression.	Adenosine	62-71	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	82-86
19450601-4	2009	The CD4(+)CD39(+) T cells catalyze cleavage of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine monophosphate (AMP), which is then further cleaved to adenosine.	Adenosine	47-56	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	10-14
19135353-3	2009	Single-base-coded CdS nanoparticles, such as guanosine coded CdS (G-CdS), cytidine coded CdS (C-CdS), thymidine coded CdS (T-CdS) and adenosine coded CdS (A-CdS) were used as the probes to identify the mutation sites in DNA strand.	Adenosine	134-143	CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1	Homo sapiens	18-21
19234224-5	2009	In gp91(phox-/-) mice, an experimental model of CGD, levels of adenosine and cAMP were significantly lower at onset and again at resolution.	Adenosine	63-72	paired Ig-like receptor B	Mus musculus	3-7
18957298-4	2009	We have investigated the role that ADK plays in regulating the presence and effects of extracellular adenosine in area CA1 of rat hippocampal slices.	Adenosine	101-110	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
19826926-7	2009	Altogether, our data indicate that the A(2)AR plays a central role in adenosine-mediated inhibition of immune response to tumors.	Adenosine	70-79	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	39-45
18815198-5	2009	FtMt reduced the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased the level of adenosine 5"triphosphate and the activity of mitochondrial Fe-S enzymes, and had a positive effect on cell viability.	Adenosine	80-89	ferritin mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	0-4
19729987-1	2009	AIMS: Extracellular ATP may be metabolized to AMP and adenosine by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 and, in this study, we characterized the pathways for adenosine formation in human urinary tract epithelial cells.	Adenosine	54-63	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	89-93
19729987-1	2009	AIMS: Extracellular ATP may be metabolized to AMP and adenosine by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 and, in this study, we characterized the pathways for adenosine formation in human urinary tract epithelial cells.	Adenosine	157-166	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	89-93
19008478-0	2008	Ecto-5" nucleotidase (CD73)-mediated adenosine generation and signaling in murine cardiac allograft vasculopathy.	Adenosine	37-46	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-20
19008478-0	2008	Ecto-5" nucleotidase (CD73)-mediated adenosine generation and signaling in murine cardiac allograft vasculopathy.	Adenosine	37-46	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	22-26
18635403-8	2008	Of these, ATP, adenosine, UTP, and UDP act as agonists at apical P2Y2 (ATP, UTP), P2Y6 (UDP), and A2B (adenosine) receptors on ciliated and/or goblet cells to regulate mucociliary clearance.	Adenosine	15-24	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	82-86
18327580-3	2008	RESULTS: PGE2 and adenosine inhibited LAK cells cytotoxic activity and production of INF-gamma, GM-CSF and TNF-alpha.	Adenosine	18-27	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	96-102
18606162-2	2008	Adenosine significantly inhibited interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)+interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-induced synthesis of iNOS mRNA/protein and subsequent production of NO in C6 cells.	Adenosine	0-9	interferon gamma	Rattus norvegicus	34-50
18606162-2	2008	Adenosine significantly inhibited interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)+interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-induced synthesis of iNOS mRNA/protein and subsequent production of NO in C6 cells.	Adenosine	0-9	interferon gamma	Rattus norvegicus	52-61
18606162-4	2008	Adenosine also blocked the IFN-gamma+IL-1beta-triggered expression of mRNA for the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha, while it significantly enhanced the accumulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA in glioma cells.	Adenosine	0-9	interferon gamma	Rattus norvegicus	27-36
18606162-6	2008	Adenosine significantly inhibited cytokine-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members p38 MAPK, p42/44 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in C6 cells.	Adenosine	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	146-169
18606162-6	2008	Adenosine significantly inhibited cytokine-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members p38 MAPK, p42/44 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in C6 cells.	Adenosine	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	171-174
18559975-6	2008	Unlike normal myeloid DCs, adenosine-differentiated DCs have impaired allostimulatory activity and express high levels of angiogenic, pro-inflammatory, immune suppressor, and tolerogenic factors, including VEGF, IL-8, IL-6, IL-10, COX-2, TGF-beta, and IDO.	Adenosine	27-36	indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Mus musculus	252-255
18353866-2	2008	Because extracellular adenosine generation is primarily produced via phosphohydrolysis from its precursor molecule adenosine-monophosphate (AMP) through the enzyme ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), we examined the contribution of CD73-dependent adenosine production in modulation of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury.	Adenosine	22-31	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	186-190
18353866-2	2008	Because extracellular adenosine generation is primarily produced via phosphohydrolysis from its precursor molecule adenosine-monophosphate (AMP) through the enzyme ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), we examined the contribution of CD73-dependent adenosine production in modulation of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury.	Adenosine	22-31	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	225-229
18353866-2	2008	Because extracellular adenosine generation is primarily produced via phosphohydrolysis from its precursor molecule adenosine-monophosphate (AMP) through the enzyme ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), we examined the contribution of CD73-dependent adenosine production in modulation of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury.	Adenosine	115-124	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	186-190
18353866-5	2008	To confirm the role of CD73 in intestinal adenosine production, we measured adenosine tissue levels and found that they were increased with IR injury.	Adenosine	42-51	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	23-27
18353866-5	2008	To confirm the role of CD73 in intestinal adenosine production, we measured adenosine tissue levels and found that they were increased with IR injury.	Adenosine	76-85	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	23-27
18353866-6	2008	In contrast, CD73-deficient (cd73(-/-)) mice had lower adenosine levels at baseline and no increase with IR injury.	Adenosine	55-64	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	29-33
18505733-3	2008	We showed previously that two adenosine/uridine-rich elements (ARE) in this splice-deleted region of CD3zeta transcript are critical for the mRNA stability and protein expression of CD3zeta.	Adenosine	30-39	CD247 molecule	Homo sapiens	101-108
18505733-3	2008	We showed previously that two adenosine/uridine-rich elements (ARE) in this splice-deleted region of CD3zeta transcript are critical for the mRNA stability and protein expression of CD3zeta.	Adenosine	30-39	CD247 molecule	Homo sapiens	182-189
18385283-3	2008	Here, we showed that mucosal adenosine-induced anion secretion, measured by short-circuit current (Isc), was inhibited by the PLC-specific inhibitor U-73122 in the human airway submucosal cell line Calu-3.	Adenosine	29-38	heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2	Homo sapiens	126-129
18385283-5	2008	Ussing chamber and patch-clamp studies indicated that the adenosine-induced PLC/Ca2+ signaling stimulated basolateral Ca2+-activated potassium (KCa) channels predominantly via A2B adenosine receptors and contributed substantially to the anion secretion.	Adenosine	58-67	heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2	Homo sapiens	76-79
18385283-6	2008	Thus, our data suggest that apical adenosine activates contralateral K+ channels via PLC/Ca2+ and thereby increases the driving force for transepithelial anion secretion, synergizing with its modulation of ipsilateral CFTR via cAMP/PKA.	Adenosine	35-44	heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2	Homo sapiens	85-88
18064606-1	2008	High D-glucose reduces human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1)-mediated adenosine uptake involving endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinases 1 and 2/MAP kinases p42/44 (MEK/ERKs), and protein kinase C (PKC) activation in human umbilical vein endothelium (HUVEC).	Adenosine	85-94	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	154-208
18407364-1	2008	A-to-I RNA editing modifies a variety of biologically important mRNAs, and is specifically catalyzed by either adenosine deaminase acting on RNA type 1 (ADAR1) or type 2 (ADAR2) in mammals including human.	Adenosine	111-120	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	153-158
18322237-2	2008	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) is a central surface enzyme generating extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	81-90	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-20
18322237-2	2008	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) is a central surface enzyme generating extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	81-90	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	22-26
18322237-13	2008	Together, these studies indicate a critical regulatory role for CD73-modulated IFNalphaA in the acute inflammatory phase of TNBS colitis, thereby implicating IFN-alphaA as a protective element of adenosine signaling during mucosal inflammation.	Adenosine	196-205	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	64-68
18060864-5	2008	The ex vivo treatment of kidney glomeruli with adenosine or a general AR agonist NECA, increases VEGF protein content.	Adenosine	47-56	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	97-101
18176997-1	2008	Activation of the A2A receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), by extracellular adenosine, is antiaggregatory in platelets and anti-inflammatory.	Adenosine	86-95	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 6	Homo sapiens	34-60
18176997-1	2008	Activation of the A2A receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), by extracellular adenosine, is antiaggregatory in platelets and anti-inflammatory.	Adenosine	86-95	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 6	Homo sapiens	62-66
18098126-3	2008	CD39 is the dominant cellular ectonucleotidase that degrades nucleotides to nucleosides, including adenosine.	Adenosine	99-108	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
17693933-3	2008	Adenosine is reported to inhibit LPS-induced TNF-alpha production.	Adenosine	0-9	interferon regulatory factor 6	Homo sapiens	33-36
17693933-4	2008	However, little is known about the mechanism of the inhibitory effects induced by adenosine on the LPS-induced immune responses.	Adenosine	82-91	interferon regulatory factor 6	Homo sapiens	99-102
17693933-5	2008	We found that adenosine inhibited the expression of ICAM-1 and the production of TNF-alpha by human PBMC via adenosine A2A receptor in the presence of LPS.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	109-131
17693933-5	2008	We found that adenosine inhibited the expression of ICAM-1 and the production of TNF-alpha by human PBMC via adenosine A2A receptor in the presence of LPS.	Adenosine	14-23	interferon regulatory factor 6	Homo sapiens	151-154
18037449-3	2008	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 is a marker for the plasma membrane and is considered to be a key enzyme in the generation of adenosine in the extracellular medium, by transforming AMP into adenosine.	Adenosine	120-129	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-20
18037449-3	2008	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 is a marker for the plasma membrane and is considered to be a key enzyme in the generation of adenosine in the extracellular medium, by transforming AMP into adenosine.	Adenosine	120-129	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	21-25
18037449-3	2008	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 is a marker for the plasma membrane and is considered to be a key enzyme in the generation of adenosine in the extracellular medium, by transforming AMP into adenosine.	Adenosine	184-193	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-20
18037449-3	2008	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 is a marker for the plasma membrane and is considered to be a key enzyme in the generation of adenosine in the extracellular medium, by transforming AMP into adenosine.	Adenosine	184-193	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	21-25
18037449-10	2008	Taken together, these data suggest that ecto-5"-nucleotidase-dependent adenosine generation may play a role in the regulation of quiescent HSC functions.	Adenosine	71-80	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	40-60
18769049-0	2008	S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase overexpression in HEK-293 cells: effect on intracellular adenosine levels, cell viability, and DNA methylation.	Adenosine	90-99	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	0-32
18769049-4	2008	RESULTS: Initial studies revealed that 2-10-fold AdoHcyase overexpression resulted in decreased intracellular AdoHcy and elevated adenosine levels, whereas 16-fold AdoHcyase overexpression increased adenosine and AdoHcy levels, lowered energy charge, and altered cell morphology.	Adenosine	130-139	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	49-58
18769049-4	2008	RESULTS: Initial studies revealed that 2-10-fold AdoHcyase overexpression resulted in decreased intracellular AdoHcy and elevated adenosine levels, whereas 16-fold AdoHcyase overexpression increased adenosine and AdoHcy levels, lowered energy charge, and altered cell morphology.	Adenosine	199-208	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	164-173
18769049-8	2008	CONCLUSION: Taken together, these data show that 2-5-fold enhanced AdoHcyase activity is well tolerated by the cell, while greatly enhanced AdoHcyase activity results in adenosine-induced apoptosis.	Adenosine	170-179	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	140-149
18034430-2	2007	Adenosine is one of the endogenous mediators controlling endothelial permeability under normal conditions, and an endothelial cell surface enzyme CD73 is a key regulator of adenosine production.	Adenosine	173-182	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	146-150
17967469-3	2007	We found that inhibition of JNK with SP600125 or JNK inhibitor V, but not an inactive analogue, attenuated the depression of fEPSPs induced by adenosine, hypoxia, and the A1 receptor agonist N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA).	Adenosine	143-152	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
17967469-3	2007	We found that inhibition of JNK with SP600125 or JNK inhibitor V, but not an inactive analogue, attenuated the depression of fEPSPs induced by adenosine, hypoxia, and the A1 receptor agonist N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA).	Adenosine	143-152	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
17628290-1	2007	Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) modification by the ADAR (adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA) enzymes perform the most common type of RNA editing in metazoans.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	50-54
17628290-1	2007	Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) modification by the ADAR (adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA) enzymes perform the most common type of RNA editing in metazoans.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	56-92
17626796-3	2007	Although NTPDase1 can consequently control the balance between ATP and adenosine, it is unclear how its expression and activity are regulated.	Adenosine	71-80	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	9-17
17698644-1	2007	The ADAR enzymes mediate the hydrolytic deamination of adenosines in specific RNA substrates and thereby diversify both the transcriptome and the proteome in metazoan species.	Adenosine	55-65	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	4-8
17626785-9	2007	It is inferred that CA1 hippocampal A3 receptors stimulated by adenosine released during brief ischemia (2 and 5 min) might exert A1-like protective effects on neurotransmission.	Adenosine	63-72	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
17727332-0	2007	Role of pulmonary adenosine during hypoxia: extracellular generation, signaling and metabolism by surface adenosine deaminase/CD26.	Adenosine	18-27	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	126-130
17727332-8	2007	In fact, hypoxia-inducible ADA is enzymatically active and tethered on the outside of the membrane via CD26 to form a complex capable of degrading extracellular adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	161-170	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	103-107
17680540-9	2007	Author have summarized a total of 64 mutations in the ADAR gene by previous reports and speculate that the mutation hotspots of ADAR gene might be located in the tRNA-specific and double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase (ADEAMc) domain.	Adenosine	200-209	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	54-58
17680540-9	2007	Author have summarized a total of 64 mutations in the ADAR gene by previous reports and speculate that the mutation hotspots of ADAR gene might be located in the tRNA-specific and double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase (ADEAMc) domain.	Adenosine	200-209	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	128-132
17404693-5	2007	Firstly, tumor hypoxia-produced extracellular adenosine inhibits anti-tumor T cells via their G(s)-protein-coupled and cAMP-elevating A2A and A2B adenosine receptors (A2AR/A2BR).	Adenosine	46-55	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	167-171
17474152-7	2007	KCa3.1 suppression by adenosine was reversed partially by the selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist ZM241385 but not by the A2B receptor antagonist MRS1754, and the effects of adenosine were mimicked by the selective A2A receptor agonist CGS21680.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	72-94
17472985-7	2007	The therapeutic effect of Adk(-/-)-NPs was due to graft-mediated adenosine release, since seizures could transiently be provoked after blocking adenosine A1 receptors.	Adenosine	65-74	adenosine kinase	Mesocricetus auratus	26-29
17318263-0	2007	Antiinflammatory adaptation to hypoxia through adenosine-mediated cullin-1 deneddylation.	Adenosine	47-56	cullin 1	Mus musculus	66-74
17318263-8	2007	Cul-1 deneddylation was evident in a murine model of HPC and lost in animals lacking extracellular Ado (Cd73-/- mice).	Adenosine	99-102	cullin 1	Mus musculus	0-5
17069857-3	2007	AdoHcy is hydrolysed to adenosine and L-homocysteine by the action of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAH).	Adenosine	24-33	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	70-102
17069857-3	2007	AdoHcy is hydrolysed to adenosine and L-homocysteine by the action of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAH).	Adenosine	24-33	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	104-107
17465855-2	2007	Selenocysteine insertion sequence-associating factors, adenosine, and Abl and Arg tyrosine kinases are potent, Se-independent regulators of GPX1 gene, protein, and activity.	Adenosine	55-64	glutathione peroxidase 1	Mus musculus	140-144
18029597-1	2007	Deamination of adenosines within mRNAs catalyzed by ADAR enzymes generates inosines at the corresponding nucleotide positions.	Adenosine	15-25	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	52-56
17184148-7	2007	Moreover, the undisturbed action of endogenous adenosine in adipocytes and the proper intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in these cells were also found to have an important function in leptin release.	Adenosine	47-56	leptin	Homo sapiens	185-191
17240974-1	2006	Deamination of adenosines within messenger RNAs catalyzed by adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADAR) enzymes generates inosines at the corresponding nucleotide positions.	Adenosine	15-25	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	99-103
17240974-6	2006	Results from the screening of libraries of human ADAR2 mutants and libraries of RNA substrates shed light on structure-activity relationships in the ADAR-catalyzed adenosine to inosine RNA editing reaction.	Adenosine	164-173	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	49-53
17059463-2	2006	Inhibition of the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) by long-chain acyl-CoA esters has been proposed to contribute to cellular dysfunction in obesity and type 2 diabetes by increasing formation of reactive oxygen species and adenosine via effects on the coenzyme Q redox state, mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi) and cytosolic ATP concentrations.	Adenosine	242-251	solute carrier family 25 member 6	Homo sapiens	65-68
17082591-0	2006	T regulatory and primed uncommitted CD4 T cells express CD73, which suppresses effector CD4 T cells by converting 5"-adenosine monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	117-126	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	56-60
17082591-2	2006	CD73 on both Treg and Thpp cells converted extracellular 5"-AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	67-76	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
17082591-3	2006	Adenosine suppressed proliferation and cytokine secretion of Th1 and Th2 effector cells, even when target cells were activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28.	Adenosine	0-9	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	69-72
17082591-3	2006	Adenosine suppressed proliferation and cytokine secretion of Th1 and Th2 effector cells, even when target cells were activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28.	Adenosine	0-9	CD28 antigen	Mus musculus	148-152
17018572-1	2006	Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA [adenosine deaminase, RNA specific (ADAR)] catalyze the site-specific conversion of adenosine to inosine in primary mRNA transcripts.	Adenosine	38-47	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA	Drosophila melanogaster	73-77
16707139-9	2006	Consistent with previous findings of increased production of adenosine during exercise in individuals carrying a T allele, our findings suggest that the AMPD1 C34T polymorphism is associated with vasodilatory response to ischemia in the peripheral vasculature because individuals with the T allele had a greater vasodilatory response to ischemia.	Adenosine	61-70	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	153-158
16817193-2	2006	The proband possessed an adenosine deaminase acting on the RNA 1 gene (ADAR1) mutation Gly1007Arg.	Adenosine	25-34	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	71-76
16525161-0	2006	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (cd73)-dependent and -independent generation of adenosine participates in the mediation of tubuloglomerular feedback in vivo.	Adenosine	69-78	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-20
16525161-0	2006	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (cd73)-dependent and -independent generation of adenosine participates in the mediation of tubuloglomerular feedback in vivo.	Adenosine	69-78	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	22-26
16525161-3	2006	To test the role of extracellular formation of adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (cd73) in TGF, in regulation of GFR, and in tubular reabsorption, renal clearance and micropunture experiments were performed in cd73 wild-type (cd73(+/+)) and knockout mice (cd73(-/-)).	Adenosine	47-56	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	82-86
16525161-8	2006	The results suggest that extracellular formation of adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (cd73) is dispensable for normal fluid, Na(+), or K(+) reabsorption along the nephron, but contributes to the regulation of GFR.	Adenosine	52-61	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	65-85
16525161-8	2006	The results suggest that extracellular formation of adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (cd73) is dispensable for normal fluid, Na(+), or K(+) reabsorption along the nephron, but contributes to the regulation of GFR.	Adenosine	52-61	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	87-91
16525161-9	2006	Adenosine generated by both ecto-5"-nucleotidase (cd73)-dependent and -independent mechanisms participates in the mediation of TGF in vivo.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	28-48
16525161-9	2006	Adenosine generated by both ecto-5"-nucleotidase (cd73)-dependent and -independent mechanisms participates in the mediation of TGF in vivo.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	50-54
16522819-4	2006	Adenosine compounds also desensitized IL-8- and MCP-1-induced chemotaxis, but not that induced by fMLP.	Adenosine	0-9	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	48-53
16636171-9	2006	CONCLUSIONS: Our data epitomize the importance of vascular CD73 in limiting endothelial activation and monocyte recruitment via generation of adenosine acting through the A2A receptor, providing a molecular basis for therapeutic protection against vascular inflammation and neointimal hyperplasia.	Adenosine	142-151	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	59-63
16434064-3	2006	From day 12 onwards, the order of potency for relaxation of longitudinal muscle of all regions was 2-MeSADP&gt;or=alpha,beta-meATP&gt;or=ATP=UTP=adenosine, suggesting P2Y(1) receptors.	Adenosine	145-154	purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 1	Mus musculus	167-173
16418778-11	2006	RESULTS: HCC1 and BMS cells produce adenosine and express CD73 and all four adenosine receptor subtypes.	Adenosine	36-45	C-C motif chemokine ligand 14	Homo sapiens	9-13
16418778-14	2006	CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that HCC1 and primary BMS cells produce adenosine, express CD73 and all four adenosine receptor subtypes.	Adenosine	71-80	C-C motif chemokine ligand 14	Homo sapiens	36-40
16418778-15	2006	In HCC1 cells, adenosine has a potent stimulatory action on IL-6 secretion but an inhibitory action on OPG expression.	Adenosine	15-24	C-C motif chemokine ligand 14	Homo sapiens	3-7
16584614-7	2006	After incubation of platelets for 4 hours, the expression of CD62p increased to some extent, however, the expression of CD62p decreased again when the reversible platelets activation inhibitor PGE-1 and adenosine were added to the incubation buffer.	Adenosine	203-212	selectin P	Homo sapiens	61-66
16584614-7	2006	After incubation of platelets for 4 hours, the expression of CD62p increased to some extent, however, the expression of CD62p decreased again when the reversible platelets activation inhibitor PGE-1 and adenosine were added to the incubation buffer.	Adenosine	203-212	selectin P	Homo sapiens	120-125
16300636-8	2006	The activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the hippocampus results in stronger induction of phospho-p42-MAPK in TSC2+/- rats than in wild-type animals.	Adenosine	25-34	TSC complex subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	128-132
16369484-3	2006	Here we show that specific adenosine residues of certain microRNA (miRNA) precursors are edited by ADAR1 and ADAR2.	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	99-104
17065107-1	2006	We also have demonstrated that adenosine activates a signal transduction pathway (STP), which involves activation of PKC epsilon and opening of KATP channels.	Adenosine	31-40	protein kinase C epsilon	Homo sapiens	117-128
16343044-0	2006	Adenosine potentiates stimulatory effects on granulocyte-macrophage hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro of IL-3 and SCF, but not those of G-CSF, GM-CSF and IL-11.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 3	Homo sapiens	111-115
16360962-1	2005	BACKGROUND: A common variant of the adenosine monophosphate deaminase (AMPD)-1 gene (C34T) results in enzymatic inactivity and may increase adenosine in cardiac muscle and confer cardioprotection through ischemic preconditioning.	Adenosine	36-45	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	71-75
16403288-5	2005	0.75 mmol/L adenosine could inhibit CD62P expression in a dose-dependent manner.	Adenosine	12-21	selectin P	Homo sapiens	36-41
16061414-1	2005	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) to form adenosine and homocysteine.	Adenosine	113-122	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	0-32
16061414-1	2005	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) to form adenosine and homocysteine.	Adenosine	113-122	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	34-43
16257978-1	2005	Site-selective adenosine (A) to inosine (I) RNA editing by the ADAR enzymes has been found in a variety of metazoan from fly to human.	Adenosine	15-24	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA	Drosophila melanogaster	63-67
16306034-3	2005	Given that TDF is an adenosine analogue, like didanosine, exposure to ribavirin might increase intracellular phosphorylated TDF metabolites, which could result in a higher risk of nephrotoxicity.	Adenosine	21-30	sex determining region Y	Homo sapiens	11-14
16028070-2	2005	These extracellular nucleotides are rapidly converted to adenosine by ectonucleotidases, mainly ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase1 (NTPDase1/CD39) and CD73.	Adenosine	57-66	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	145-153
16028070-2	2005	These extracellular nucleotides are rapidly converted to adenosine by ectonucleotidases, mainly ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase1 (NTPDase1/CD39) and CD73.	Adenosine	57-66	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	154-158
15723802-3	2005	First, the promiscuous deamination of adenosines to inosines by dsRNA-specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR) can lead to the nuclear retention of edited transcripts .	Adenosine	38-48	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA	Drosophila melanogaster	100-104
15711748-10	2005	CD63 co-immunoprecipitated with a lipid kinase which, on the basis of enzymatic properties(stimulated by nonionic detergents, inhibited by adenosine), is consistent with PI 4-kinase type II.	Adenosine	139-148	CD63 molecule	Homo sapiens	0-4
15623546-8	2005	This selective localization of Annexin A5 was reduced by ischemic preconditioning (10 minutes of ischemia plus reperfusion before ischemic exercise) or by infusion of adenosine into the brachial artery to 6+/-1% and 10+/-3%, respectively (P&lt;0.05 versus ischemic exercise alone), resembling observations in animal models with infarct size as an end point.	Adenosine	167-176	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	31-41
16197289-2	2005	It has been hypothesized that these effects may be brought about by a decrease in the adenosine concentration via the S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase reaction.	Adenosine	86-95	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	118-150
15837119-3	2005	Recently, we found that deletion of A(1) receptors in the CA1 area blocks the postsynaptic responses to adenosine in CA1 pyramidal neurons, and deletion of A(1) receptors in CA3 neurons abolishes the presynaptic effects of adenosine on the Schaffer collateral input [J Neurosci 23 (2003) 5762].	Adenosine	104-113	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	58-61
15837119-3	2005	Recently, we found that deletion of A(1) receptors in the CA1 area blocks the postsynaptic responses to adenosine in CA1 pyramidal neurons, and deletion of A(1) receptors in CA3 neurons abolishes the presynaptic effects of adenosine on the Schaffer collateral input [J Neurosci 23 (2003) 5762].	Adenosine	104-113	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	117-120
15459971-2	2004	In two siblings with Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease we identified two mutations of the NPC1 gene: i) one in exon 20 (c.2932C&gt;T) (p.R978C) previously reported in NPC patients; ii) the other (c.882-28A&gt;G) unreported, in the highly conserved adenosine of a putative lariat BPS of intron 6.	Adenosine	248-257	NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1	Homo sapiens	90-94
15226179-3	2004	Dilazep, an antiplatelet agent, is an adenosine uptake inhibitor known to block induction of monocyte TF expression by bacterial lipopolysaccharide.	Adenosine	38-47	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	102-104
15226179-10	2004	Dilazep inhibits the increased expression of monocyte TF activity at a posttranscriptional level, probably by way of its effect as an adenosine uptake inhibitor.	Adenosine	134-143	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	54-56
15258596-1	2004	RNA editing by members of the ADAR (adenosine deaminases acting on RNA) family leads to site-specific conversion of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) in precursor messenger RNAs.	Adenosine	36-45	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	30-34
15215186-0	2004	Adenosine down-regulates the surface expression of dipeptidyl peptidase IV on HT-29 human colorectal carcinoma cells: implications for cancer cell behavior.	Adenosine	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-74
15215186-4	2004	We asked whether adenosine, a purine nucleoside that is present at increased levels in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, might affect the expression of DPPIV at the cell surface.	Adenosine	17-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	154-159
15215186-5	2004	Treatment with a single dose of adenosine produced an initial transient (1 to 4 hours) modest (approximately 10%) increase in DPPIV, followed by a more profound (approximately 40%) depression of DPPIV protein expression at the surface of HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells, with a maximal decline being reached after 48 hours, and persisting for at least a week with daily exposure to adenosine.	Adenosine	32-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-131
15215186-5	2004	Treatment with a single dose of adenosine produced an initial transient (1 to 4 hours) modest (approximately 10%) increase in DPPIV, followed by a more profound (approximately 40%) depression of DPPIV protein expression at the surface of HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells, with a maximal decline being reached after 48 hours, and persisting for at least a week with daily exposure to adenosine.	Adenosine	32-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	195-200
15215186-9	2004	Adenosine, at concentrations that exist within solid tumors, therefore acts at the surface of colorectal carcinoma cells to decrease levels and activities of DPPIV.	Adenosine	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	158-163
15215186-10	2004	This down-regulation of DPPIV may increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to the tumor-promoting effects of adenosine and their response to chemokines and the extracellular matrix, facilitating their expansion and metastasis.	Adenosine	109-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
15191525-2	2004	Recently, a nucleotide substitution from adenosine to guanosine (A--&gt;G) at position -2518 of the MCP-1 promoter was shown to be associated with increased MCP-1 expression.	Adenosine	41-50	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	100-105
15191525-2	2004	Recently, a nucleotide substitution from adenosine to guanosine (A--&gt;G) at position -2518 of the MCP-1 promoter was shown to be associated with increased MCP-1 expression.	Adenosine	41-50	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	157-162
15149841-9	2004	Our study demonstrates a link between the Wnt signaling and the regulation of two enzymes that control the metabolism of adenosine.	Adenosine	121-130	Wnt family member 2	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
15120574-0	2004	[(3)H]Adenosine uptake in brainstem membranes of CD-1 mice lacking the adenosine A(2a) receptor.	Adenosine	6-15	CD1 antigen complex	Mus musculus	49-53
15001573-0	2004	Identification and characterization of a cell-surface receptor, P2Y15, for AMP and adenosine.	Adenosine	83-92	CD177 molecule	Homo sapiens	41-62
14993103-7	2004	The stable adenosine analogue 2-chloroadenosine (2-ClA) potentiated the transient [Ca(2+)](i) rise induced by activation of metabotropic P2Y receptors.	Adenosine	11-20	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	51-54
14655750-0	2003	A1 adenosine receptors accumulate in neurodegenerative structures in Alzheimer disease and mediate both amyloid precursor protein processing and tau phosphorylation and translocation.	Adenosine	3-12	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	145-148
12810710-11	2003	AtENT3 expressed in yeast cells transported adenosine and uridine with high affinity.	Adenosine	44-53	Major facilitator superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-6
12930322-0	2003	Elevation of extracellular adenosine mobilizes haematopoietic progenitor cells and granulocytes into peripheral blood and enhances the mobilizing effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.	Adenosine	27-36	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	157-194
12930322-7	2003	The observed ability of the drugs elevating extracellular adenosine to enhance the mobilizing action of G-CSF points out possible practical utilization of the findings presented here.	Adenosine	58-67	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	104-109
12910461-3	2003	Even though the expressed recombinant enzyme, PfSAHH, could use 3-deaza-adenosine (DZA) as an alternative substrate in contrast to the human SAHH, it has a unique inability to substitute 3-deaza-(+/-)aristeromycin (DZAri) for adenosine.	Adenosine	72-81	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	48-52
12907730-1	2003	ADAR enzymes, adenosine deaminases that act on RNA, form a family of RNA editing enzymes that convert adenosine to inosine within RNA that is completely or largely double-stranded.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-4
12907730-5	2003	Our results show that ADAR2 selectively edits the R/G site, while ADAR1 edits more promiscuously at several other adenosines in the double-stranded stem.	Adenosine	114-124	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	66-71
12875990-7	2003	Polyinosinic-polycytidilic acid (poly(I:C)) (TLR3 agonist) stimulates TNFalpha expression in macrophages from both C57BL/10ScSn and C57BL/10ScN mice, but has little effect on VEGF expression in the presence of adenosine or A(2A)R agonists.	Adenosine	210-219	toll-like receptor 3	Mus musculus	45-49
12832063-0	2003	Adenosine-rich elements present in the 5"-untranslated region of PABP mRNA can selectively reduce the abundance and translation of CAT mRNAs in vivo.	Adenosine	0-9	poly(A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1	Homo sapiens	65-69
12605898-6	2003	Both acetylcholine and the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor neostigmine increased extracellular adenosine levels, and the effect of neostigmine was blocked by the nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine.	Adenosine	94-103	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	27-47
12808203-10	2003	Their activation contributes to PSP inhibition by adenosine during hypoxia.	Adenosine	50-59	persephin	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
12456815-10	2002	The results suggest that Rab3A reduces the potency of adenosine as an endogenous mediator of neuromuscular depression.	Adenosine	54-63	RAB3A, member RAS oncogene family	Mus musculus	25-30
12162957-7	2002	Competition experiments using variants of BC1 and BC200 RNAs demonstrated that the central adenosine-rich region of both RNAs mediates binding to PABP.	Adenosine	91-100	poly(A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1	Homo sapiens	146-150
11854441-4	2002	In oocytes coexpressing the A(2B) receptor and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), Ade induced a concentration-dependent increase in a cyclic AMP-activated CFTR current, a response that was inhibited by the P1 antagonist xanthine-amine congener (XAC).	Adenosine	107-110	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	47-98
11854441-4	2002	In oocytes coexpressing the A(2B) receptor and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), Ade induced a concentration-dependent increase in a cyclic AMP-activated CFTR current, a response that was inhibited by the P1 antagonist xanthine-amine congener (XAC).	Adenosine	107-110	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	100-104
11854441-4	2002	In oocytes coexpressing the A(2B) receptor and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), Ade induced a concentration-dependent increase in a cyclic AMP-activated CFTR current, a response that was inhibited by the P1 antagonist xanthine-amine congener (XAC).	Adenosine	107-110	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	180-184
11854441-7	2002	Although adenine nucleotide-induced CFTR currents were inhibited by XAC, they were highly resistant to ADA treatment; 5 U/ml ADA was required for inhibition of adenine nucleotide-induced CFTR current, whereas 1 U/ml ADA was sufficient to abolish the Ade-induced response.	Adenosine	250-253	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	36-40
11834136-0	2002	Adenosine inhibits thrombin-induced expression of tissue factor on endothelial cells by a nitric oxide-mediated mechanism.	Adenosine	0-9	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	50-63
11834136-2	2002	We demonstrated previously that adenosine inhibits TF expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated with inflammatory mediators.	Adenosine	32-41	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	51-53
11834136-3	2002	In the present study, we evaluated the mechanism of adenosine-induced inhibition of TF expression in HUVECs.	Adenosine	52-61	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	84-86
11834136-8	2002	Overall, these results suggest that adenosine inhibits thrombin-induced TF expression in endothelial cells by a NO-mediated mechanism, and that increased intracellular formation of cAMP is implicated in this inhibitory activity of NO.	Adenosine	36-45	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	72-74
11815366-2	2002	In oocytes injected with mRNAs for either GIRK1/GIRK2 or GIRK1/GIRK4 subunits, application of adenosine or ATP reversibly induced inward K(+) currents, although ATP was less potent than adenosine.	Adenosine	94-103	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 3 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	42-47
11815366-2	2002	In oocytes injected with mRNAs for either GIRK1/GIRK2 or GIRK1/GIRK4 subunits, application of adenosine or ATP reversibly induced inward K(+) currents, although ATP was less potent than adenosine.	Adenosine	94-103	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 3 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	57-62
11815366-2	2002	In oocytes injected with mRNAs for either GIRK1/GIRK2 or GIRK1/GIRK4 subunits, application of adenosine or ATP reversibly induced inward K(+) currents, although ATP was less potent than adenosine.	Adenosine	94-103	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 5 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	63-68
11815366-2	2002	In oocytes injected with mRNAs for either GIRK1/GIRK2 or GIRK1/GIRK4 subunits, application of adenosine or ATP reversibly induced inward K(+) currents, although ATP was less potent than adenosine.	Adenosine	186-195	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 3 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	42-47
11673028-5	2001	Thus, it may be suggested that CA1 region of the hippocampus plays an important role in spreading seizure spikes from the amygdala to other brain regions and activation of adenosine A(1) receptors in this region, participates in anticonvulsant effects of adenosine agonists.	Adenosine	172-181	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
11689059-1	2001	The RNA-specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR1) is an interferon-inducible editing enzyme that converts adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	38-43
11578294-7	2001	Administration of the adenosine antagonist to transplanted rats moderated the increases in nitrite and nitrate, myeloperoxidase activity and lipoperoxidation levels in the pancreas.	Adenosine	22-31	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	112-127
11564822-5	2001	More importantly, the suppressive effect of adenosine and CGS-21680 on IL-12 production was significantly enhanced in cells pretreated with either IL-1 (10 U/ml) or TNF-alpha (100 U/ml) but markedly attenuated in cells pretreated with IFN-gamma (100 U/ml).	Adenosine	44-53	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	71-75
11564822-6	2001	Similarly, IL-1 and TNF-alpha treatment potentiated the stimulatory effect of adenosine and CGS-21680 on IL-10 production, whereas IFN-gamma treatment almost completely abolished this effect.	Adenosine	78-87	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	11-15
11680850-4	2001	A single adenosine (A10) within the ribozyme active site displayed an interference pattern consistent with a functionally significant base ionization.	Adenosine	9-18	immunoglobulin kappa variable 6D-21 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	20-23
11490365-13	2001	Inhibition of PKC epsilon exaggerates the secretory response that is induced by ischemia and by authentic adenosine; conversely, augmented activation of PKC epsilon inhibits secretion.	Adenosine	106-115	protein kinase C epsilon	Homo sapiens	14-25
11292391-11	2001	The anti-adrenergic effects on I(NaCa) of ADO were not affected by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, chelerythrine (CLT, 1 microM), nor by the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, N (G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester((L)-NAME, 0.5 mM).	Adenosine	42-45	nascent polypeptide-associated complex subunit alpha	Cavia porcellus	33-37
11264305-0	2001	A depletable pool of adenosine in area CA1 of the rat hippocampus.	Adenosine	21-30	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
11181402-9	2001	The afferent and efferent arteriolar vasodilatory responses to adenosine in the presence of KW-3902 were significantly attenuated by addition of the adenosine A2a receptor antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-7-methyl-8-(3,4-dimethoxystyryl)xanthine (KF-17837: 15 micromol/l, n = 7 and 6, respectively).	Adenosine	63-72	spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1	Rattus norvegicus	159-162
11159014-8	2001	Sodium orthovanadate did block adenosine-homocysteine-induced FAK, paxillin, and p130(CAS) proteolysis and Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-ase activity.	Adenosine	31-40	paxillin	Homo sapiens	67-75
11159014-8	2001	Sodium orthovanadate did block adenosine-homocysteine-induced FAK, paxillin, and p130(CAS) proteolysis and Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-ase activity.	Adenosine	31-40	BCAR1 scaffold protein, Cas family member	Homo sapiens	86-89
11040346-0	2000	Role of adenosine in the spinal antinociceptive and morphine modulatory actions of neuropeptide FF analogs.	Adenosine	8-17	neuropeptide FF-amide peptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	83-98
11040346-13	2000	The results suggest that the antinociceptive and morphine modulatory effects resulting from activation of spinal NPFF receptors could be due to an increase in the actions or availability of adenosine.	Adenosine	190-199	neuropeptide FF-amide peptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
11028479-2	2000	BACKGROUND: Reduced activity of adenosine monophosphate deaminase (AMPD) may increase production of adenosine, a cardioprotective agent.	Adenosine	32-41	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	67-71
11019959-11	2000	Adenosine inhibits leukocyte adhesion and extravasation, and mildly attenuates platelet responsiveness and soluble P-selectin release.	Adenosine	0-9	selectin P	Homo sapiens	115-125
10940565-8	2000	The aa sequence from the ORF-C localized downstream of the Tc52 gene showed significant homology to human adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (hADAT1) that specifically deaminates adenosine 37 to inosine in eukaryotic tRNA(Ala) and to its homologue yeast protein (Tad1p) (22-25% identity and an additional 38-40% similarity over 177aa).	Adenosine	106-115	tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	262-267
10971648-1	2000	We investigated whether volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs) contributed to the accumulation of extracellular adenosine during hypoxia in area CA1.	Adenosine	113-122	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	146-149
10704780-2	2000	Agonists of adenosine such as 2-chloroadenosine (2-ClA) have been shown to be neuroprotective, while antagonists such as 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT) increase neurotoxicity.	Adenosine	12-21	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	51-54
10629039-1	2000	Pre-mRNA editing involving the conversion of adenosine to inosine is mediated by adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADAR1 and ADAR2).	Adenosine	45-54	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA	Drosophila melanogaster	119-124
10686981-13	2000	Adenosine significantly inhibited NK-kappa B binding activity in the nucleus, markedly prevented the loss of I kappa B alpha proteins from the cytoplasm, and concomitantly down-regulated TNF-alpha mRNA expression, but enhanced AP-1 binding activity in the nucleus of ischemic myocardium.	Adenosine	0-9	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	109-124
10674636-0	2000	Endogenous adenosine regulates the effects of low-frequency stimulation on the induction of long-term potentiation in CA1 neurons of guinea pig hippocampal slices.	Adenosine	11-20	carbonic anhydrase 1	Cavia porcellus	118-121
10606765-9	2000	The effect that phosphate exerts on AK may be either to protect the enzyme from inactivation at high adenosine and H(+) concentrations or to stabilize substrate binding at the active site.	Adenosine	101-110	adenosine kinase	Cricetulus griseus	36-38
11270505-8	2000	Thus adenosine transport and metabolism appears to play the major role in this modulation of cell growth as 5"-amino-5"-deoxyadenosine, an adenosine kinase inhibitor, reversed the inhibition of cell growth observed at 1 microM adenosine.	Adenosine	5-14	adenosine kinase	Mesocricetus auratus	139-155
11270505-8	2000	Thus adenosine transport and metabolism appears to play the major role in this modulation of cell growth as 5"-amino-5"-deoxyadenosine, an adenosine kinase inhibitor, reversed the inhibition of cell growth observed at 1 microM adenosine.	Adenosine	125-134	adenosine kinase	Mesocricetus auratus	139-155
10694245-12	2000	It is concluded that the ability of CGRP to facilitate synaptic transmission in the CA1 area of the hippocampus is under tight control by adenosine, with tonic A(1) receptor activation by endogenous adenosine "braking" the action of CGRP, and the A(2A) receptors triggering this action.	Adenosine	138-147	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
11325033-1	2000	In mammals, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase) is the only known enzyme to catalyze the breakdown of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) to homocysteine and adenosine.	Adenosine	163-172	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	12-44
11325033-1	2000	In mammals, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase) is the only known enzyme to catalyze the breakdown of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) to homocysteine and adenosine.	Adenosine	163-172	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	46-55
10658631-8	2000	Our results indicate that adenosine A2a binding sites are located in a number of brainstem regions involved in autonomic function, consistent with the idea that adenosine acts as a neuromodulator of a variety of cardiorespiratory reflexes.	Adenosine	26-35	spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-39
10609656-10	1999	Maximal vasodilatation with adenosine significantly increased flow to the ischemic region in VEGF-treated pigs (2.16+/-0.57 versus 1.32+/-0.24; p &lt; 0.05) but not controls (1.31+/-0.05 versus 1.17+/-0.06;p = NS).	Adenosine	28-37	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Sus scrofa	93-97
10594671-0	1999	Adenosine suppresses protein kinase A- and C-induced enhancement of glutamate release in the hippocampus.	Adenosine	0-9	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	21-37
10559382-0	1999	A role for extracellular adenosine in time-dependent reversal of long-term potentiation by low-frequency stimulation at hippocampal CA1 synapses.	Adenosine	25-34	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	132-135
10624567-11	1999	Adenosine derivatives known to activate this receptor subtype, such as NECA (5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine) and R-PIA (N6-phenylisopropyladenosine), were considerably less potent than the 8-substituted xanthines examined.	Adenosine	0-9	RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2	Homo sapiens	115-118
10564369-0	1999	Endogenous adenosine protects CA1 neurons from kainic acid-induced neuronal cell loss in the rat hippocampus.	Adenosine	11-20	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
10564369-9	1999	These results strongly suggest that endogenous adenosine has neuroprotective effects against excitotoxin-induced neurodegeneration in the CA1 through its A1 receptors.	Adenosine	47-56	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
10517818-17	1999	Co-administration of the phospholipase A2 inhibitor quinacrine virtually eliminated adenosine-induced vasodilatation, yet synergistic interaction between adenosine and pulse perfusion persisted, albeit at a reduced level.	Adenosine	84-93	phospholipase A2 group IB	Canis lupus familiaris	25-41
10577739-1	1999	Adenosine, derived from hydrolysis of 5"-AMP by 5"-nucleotidase activity, may be involved in coupling coronary blood flow to cardiac function and metabolism; it has been postulated as a cardioprotective substance in ischemic myocardium.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	48-63
10577739-5	1999	The increase of ecto-5"-nucleotidase in heart myocytes from infected mice may produce cardioprotective adenosine that may be independent of beta-adrenergic function, based on the hypoperfusion conditions of acute chagasic cardiomyopathy.	Adenosine	103-112	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	16-36
10376681-1	1999	The double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminases ADAR1 and ADAR2 convert adenosine (A) residues to inosine (I) in messenger RNA precursors (pre-mRNA).	Adenosine	33-42	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	54-59
10233112-0	1999	Effect of NO, vasodilator prostaglandins, and adenosine on skeletal muscle angiogenic growth factor gene expression.	Adenosine	46-55	myotrophin	Rattus norvegicus	86-99
10187832-4	1999	While OR1 alone was not able to select a specific sequence from the pool of oligonucleotides, the OR1/RXR heterodimer selected a highly conserved DR1 element, termed DR1s, with two AGGTCA motifs spaced by one adenosine.	Adenosine	209-218	down-regulator of transcription 1	Rattus norvegicus	146-149
10399370-7	1999	Nasal provocation with adenosine elicited a significant release of histamine in the nasal lavage fluids with an immediate peak response: its median (range) concentration increased from the baseline value of 1.33 (0.16-14.54) ng/mL to 2.68 (0.31-61.11) ng/mL at 3 min.	Adenosine	23-32	solute carrier family 43, member 1	Mus musculus	255-262
10329209-13	1999	DNP-stimulated Rb+ efflux was inhibited by acidosis (pHi approximately pHe = 6.7) produced with 5 m m morpholinoethane sulphonic acid (53+/-5) and by 100 microm adenosine (58+/-7).	Adenosine	161-170	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
10101031-6	1999	Stimulation of HMC-1 with the stable adenosine analog NECA (5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine) activated p21(ras) and both p42 and p44 isoforms of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK).	Adenosine	37-46	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	102-105
10101031-6	1999	Stimulation of HMC-1 with the stable adenosine analog NECA (5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine) activated p21(ras) and both p42 and p44 isoforms of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK).	Adenosine	37-46	cyclin dependent kinase 20	Homo sapiens	120-123
10213139-0	1999	The modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission by adenosine in area CA1 of the rat hippocampus is temperature dependent.	Adenosine	54-63	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
10199625-6	1999	Both the specific adenosine A2a antagonist 8-(3-chlorostyryl)-caffeine and the general adenosine antagonist theophylline reduced haloperidol-dependent induction of striatal neurotensin and c-fos messenger RNA.	Adenosine	18-27	spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
10069416-0	1999	The extracellular versus intracellular mechanisms of inhibition of TCR-triggered activation in thymocytes by adenosine under conditions of inhibited adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	109-118	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	67-70
10069416-3	1999	It is shown that extracellular but not intracellular adenosine selectively inhibits TCR-triggered up-regulation of activation markers and apoptotic events in thymocytes under conditions of ADA deficiency.	Adenosine	53-62	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	84-87
10069416-5	1999	We found that prevention of toxicity of intracellular adenosine led to survival of TCR-cross-linked thymocytes in long-term (4 days) assays, but it was not sufficient for normal T cell differentiation under conditions of inhibited ADA.	Adenosine	54-63	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	83-86
10069416-6	1999	Surviving TCR-cross-linked thymocytes had a non-activated phenotype due to extracellular adenosine-mediated, TCR-antagonizing signaling.	Adenosine	89-98	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	10-13
10069416-6	1999	Surviving TCR-cross-linked thymocytes had a non-activated phenotype due to extracellular adenosine-mediated, TCR-antagonizing signaling.	Adenosine	89-98	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	109-112
10069416-8	1999	Accordingly, extracellular adenosine may act on thymocytes, which survived intracellular toxicity of adenosine during ADA deficiency by counteracting TCR signaling.	Adenosine	27-36	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	150-153
10069416-8	1999	Accordingly, extracellular adenosine may act on thymocytes, which survived intracellular toxicity of adenosine during ADA deficiency by counteracting TCR signaling.	Adenosine	101-110	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	150-153
9808987-15	1998	We propose that T cell depletion, immunodeficiency, and autoimmunity could also be due to extracellular adenosine-induced signaling, which inhibits the antigen receptor (TCR) signaling and therefore affects the TCR-driven positive and negative selection of thymocytes.	Adenosine	104-113	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	170-173
9808987-15	1998	We propose that T cell depletion, immunodeficiency, and autoimmunity could also be due to extracellular adenosine-induced signaling, which inhibits the antigen receptor (TCR) signaling and therefore affects the TCR-driven positive and negative selection of thymocytes.	Adenosine	104-113	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	211-214
9748339-1	1998	Double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase (ADAR1) is an ubiquitous enzyme in metazoa that edits pre-mRNA changing adenosine to inosine in regions of double-stranded RNA.	Adenosine	20-29	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	41-46
9614652-1	1998	ADAR1 and ADAR2 are members of a family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA.	Adenosine	83-92	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-5
9490823-15	1998	The modulation of both IK(V) and ICa by adenosine was prevented by intracellular application of an inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA), PKA inhibitor fragment (6-22) amide.	Adenosine	40-49	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	112-128
9490823-15	1998	The modulation of both IK(V) and ICa by adenosine was prevented by intracellular application of an inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA), PKA inhibitor fragment (6-22) amide.	Adenosine	40-49	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	130-133
9490823-15	1998	The modulation of both IK(V) and ICa by adenosine was prevented by intracellular application of an inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA), PKA inhibitor fragment (6-22) amide.	Adenosine	40-49	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	136-139
9490823-16	1998	In addition, the effect of adenosine on either IK(V) or ICa was absent in PKA-deficient PC12 cells.	Adenosine	27-36	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
9490823-18	1998	These results indicate that the modulatory effects of adenosine on the hypoxia-induced membrane responses of PC12 cells are likely to be mediated via activation of the A2A receptor, and that the PKA pathway is required for these modulatory actions.	Adenosine	54-63	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	195-198
9528763-3	1998	In vitro, the enzymes ADAR1 and ADAR2 deaminate adenosines within many different sequences of base-paired RNA.	Adenosine	48-58	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	22-27
9473343-8	1998	Adenosine, which increases cAMP levels in smooth muscle cells, also increases VEGF expression.	Adenosine	0-9	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	78-82
9473343-9	1998	Moreover, the 2.2-fold stimulation of VEGF expression by adenosine was enhanced following a cotreatment with cobalt chloride (a hypoxia miming agent).	Adenosine	57-66	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	38-42
9473343-10	1998	The observed additive effect (4.3-fold increase) suggests that these two factors, hypoxia and adenosine, regulate VEGF mRNA expression in smooth muscle cells by independent mechanisms.	Adenosine	94-103	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	114-118
9473633-0	1998	Late developmental changes in the ability of adenosine A1 receptors to regulate synaptic transmission in the hippocampus Paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) of CA3-CA1 excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) was compared in hippocampal slices from juvenile (postnatal day (P) 15-21) and young adult rats (P28-P35) following application of adenosine.	Adenosine	45-54	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	160-163
9878100-5	1998	Addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10 ng/ml) into 1 or 10 microM adenosine showed the interaction in DNA synthesis between EGF and adenosine.	Adenosine	73-82	epidermal growth factor	Mus musculus	12-35
9878100-5	1998	Addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10 ng/ml) into 1 or 10 microM adenosine showed the interaction in DNA synthesis between EGF and adenosine.	Adenosine	73-82	epidermal growth factor	Mus musculus	37-40
9878100-5	1998	Addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10 ng/ml) into 1 or 10 microM adenosine showed the interaction in DNA synthesis between EGF and adenosine.	Adenosine	73-82	epidermal growth factor	Mus musculus	131-134
9878100-5	1998	Addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10 ng/ml) into 1 or 10 microM adenosine showed the interaction in DNA synthesis between EGF and adenosine.	Adenosine	139-148	epidermal growth factor	Mus musculus	12-35
9878100-5	1998	Addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10 ng/ml) into 1 or 10 microM adenosine showed the interaction in DNA synthesis between EGF and adenosine.	Adenosine	139-148	epidermal growth factor	Mus musculus	37-40
9878100-6	1998	A similar result was observed when 100 microM adenosine added to various concentrations of EGF (0-100 ng/ml).	Adenosine	46-55	epidermal growth factor	Mus musculus	91-94
9808420-6	1998	The reduction of c-Myc expression in adenosine-treated cells was prevented by uridine or thymidine.	Adenosine	37-46	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	17-22
9851317-7	1998	These results demonstrate that EGF, via the control of 5"-nucleotidase and aminopeptidase N, which are implied in adenosine formation and peptide processing, respectively, could play a role in human cultured mesangial cell contractility and proliferation.	Adenosine	114-123	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	31-34
9409616-1	1997	The methylation of internal adenosine residues in eukaryotic mRNA, forming N6-methyladenosine (m6A), is catalyzed by a complex multicomponent enzyme.	Adenosine	28-37	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	75-98
9813494-0	1997	[Effect of adenosine on intracellular free calcium in cultured rat hippocampal CA1 neurons during anoxia].	Adenosine	11-20	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
9813494-2	1997	The results showed that acute anoxia induced a rapid increase of [Ca2+]i in hippocampal CA1 neurons, and this increase could be attenuated by 100 mumol/L adenosine significantly.	Adenosine	154-163	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
9321821-7	1997	In summary, VEGF stimulates nitric oxide (NO)-dependent dilation of coronary microvessels, and repeat administrations of VEGF resulted in rapid development of tachyphylaxis to VEGF as well as serotonin, but not to nitroglycerin or adenosine, which appeared to be secondary to impaired NO production.	Adenosine	231-240	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Sus scrofa	121-125
9321821-7	1997	In summary, VEGF stimulates nitric oxide (NO)-dependent dilation of coronary microvessels, and repeat administrations of VEGF resulted in rapid development of tachyphylaxis to VEGF as well as serotonin, but not to nitroglycerin or adenosine, which appeared to be secondary to impaired NO production.	Adenosine	231-240	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Sus scrofa	121-125
9321864-6	1997	Preischemic adenosine treatment also maintained higher muscle contents of phosphocreatine, ATP, and energy charge potential and lower muscle contents of dephosphorylated metabolites and lactate during ischemia and a lower muscle myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity during reperfusion compared with the control (P &lt; 0.05).	Adenosine	12-21	myeloperoxidase	Sus scrofa	229-244
9321864-6	1997	Preischemic adenosine treatment also maintained higher muscle contents of phosphocreatine, ATP, and energy charge potential and lower muscle contents of dephosphorylated metabolites and lactate during ischemia and a lower muscle myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity during reperfusion compared with the control (P &lt; 0.05).	Adenosine	12-21	myeloperoxidase	Sus scrofa	246-249
9245750-3	1997	PABP binds poly(A) cooperatively with a packing density of one PABP molecule per 25 adenosine residues.	Adenosine	84-93	poly(A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
9245750-3	1997	PABP binds poly(A) cooperatively with a packing density of one PABP molecule per 25 adenosine residues.	Adenosine	84-93	poly(A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1	Homo sapiens	63-67
9129831-0	1997	Adenosine conformations of nucleotides bound to methionyl tRNA synthetase by transferred nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy.	Adenosine	0-9	methionyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	48-73
9232545-7	1997	Adenosine reduced the amplitude of population spikes and promoted paired-pulse facilitation in the CA1 region of the hippocampus.	Adenosine	0-9	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
9016611-2	1997	Previous work has shown that the DNA sequence recognized by Reb1p contains an adenosine residue that is unusually reactive toward chemical modification by dimethylsulfate and that methylation of this nucleoside increases the binding affinity of the Reb1p protein for its target.	Adenosine	78-87	DNA-binding protein REB1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	60-65
9546959-4	1997	PLC and ALC produced a significant increase in plasma levels of adenosine and ATP, whereas LC induced less relevant changes.	Adenosine	64-73	allantoicase	Homo sapiens	8-11
8906810-11	1996	These results document a novel pathway in human lymphocytes leading from CD38 ligation to CD73 expression, which may result in the rapid acquisition of new functions, including increased purine salvage, increased sensitivity to Ag-induced activation, and the generation of adenosine (Ado) for Ado receptor signaling.	Adenosine	273-282	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	73-77
8906810-11	1996	These results document a novel pathway in human lymphocytes leading from CD38 ligation to CD73 expression, which may result in the rapid acquisition of new functions, including increased purine salvage, increased sensitivity to Ag-induced activation, and the generation of adenosine (Ado) for Ado receptor signaling.	Adenosine	284-287	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	73-77
8918076-8	1996	The potency gradient was NECA &gt; R-PIA &gt; adenosine; the results indicate adenyl purine induces uterine myometrium contraction via A1 receptor.	Adenosine	46-55	RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2	Homo sapiens	37-40
8818348-11	1996	Synaptic depression may thus be linked to endogenous adenosine formed by dephosphorylation of released ATP by an ecto-apyrase.	Adenosine	53-62	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	113-125
8809733-5	1996	The adenosine agonist n-phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA 1 mumol/l), acting through the Gi-protein, attenuated FSH-stimulated cAMP production, and this effect was abolished when the Gi protein was inactivated by preincubation with PT.	Adenosine	4-13	Pristane induced arthritis QTL 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
8828800-1	1996	Purified adenosine kinase (AK) from Syrian hamster and bovine liver was examined for the presence of adenosine (Ad)-AMP exchange activity.	Adenosine	101-115	adenosine kinase	Mesocricetus auratus	9-25
8828800-1	1996	Purified adenosine kinase (AK) from Syrian hamster and bovine liver was examined for the presence of adenosine (Ad)-AMP exchange activity.	Adenosine	101-115	adenosine kinase	Mesocricetus auratus	27-29
8647252-1	1996	In the present study, we demonstrate that the Ca(2+)-inhibitable adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity in the striatum exhibits a daily oscillation with a peak occurring around 10:00 h. A circadian fluctuation of the AC activity evoked by an A2a adenosine-selective agonist was also observed.	Adenosine	239-248	adenylate cyclase 6	Rattus norvegicus	46-81
8621662-6	1996	MTP deltaC-expressing oocytes exhibited greater fragility than nonexpressing oocytes, and those that survived the experimental manipulations were capable of mediated uptake of thymidine, uridine, and adenosine.	Adenosine	200-209	microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, gene 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-3
8779915-4	1996	Expression of E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), but not intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), by activated HUVEC was also reduced by adenosine.	Adenosine	164-173	selectin E	Homo sapiens	14-24
8761029-0	1996	Modulation of erythropoietin production by selective adenosine agonists and antagonists in normal and anemic rats.	Adenosine	53-62	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	14-28
8761029-2	1996	Recent in vitro studies suggest that EPO secretion in response to hypoxia is regulated by adenosine in the kidney.	Adenosine	90-99	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
8761029-3	1996	In order to examine the in vivo effect of adenosine on EPO production, we determined the effects of adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists on serum EPO concentration in normal and anemic rats.	Adenosine	42-51	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
8761029-4	1996	In normal rats, intravenous injection of adenosine agonists (NECA, CHA and CGS-21680) dose-dependently stimulated EPO production.	Adenosine	41-50	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	114-117
8761029-7	1996	Anemic hypoxia, induced by 2% (v/w body weight) blood withdrawal, increased serum EPO concentration from 38 +/- 2 to 352 +/- 76 mU/ml, with the increased serum adenosine concentration in the renal vein.	Adenosine	160-169	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
8761029-11	1996	The present findings support the notion that adenosine mediates the EPO production in response to hypoxia in the kidney.	Adenosine	45-54	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
7673697-0	1995	Adenosine acts as an endogenous modulator of IL-2-dependent proliferation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	45-49
7673697-4	1995	Elimination of endogenous adenosine with adenosine deaminase (ADA) markedly suppressed IL-2-dependent proliferation of these cells.	Adenosine	26-35	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	87-91
7673697-12	1995	These data demonstrate an obligatory role of adenosine in IL-2-dependent proliferation of CTLL-2 cells and support the involvement of an AR-stimulated phospholipase C signaling pathway in this process.	Adenosine	45-54	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	58-62
7986202-2	1994	This study examined the role of plasma adenosine in the modulation of platelet-activating factor (PAF) activity on platelet aggregation and serotonin (5-HT) release in human platelet-rich plasma (PRP).	Adenosine	39-48	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	70-96
7986202-2	1994	This study examined the role of plasma adenosine in the modulation of platelet-activating factor (PAF) activity on platelet aggregation and serotonin (5-HT) release in human platelet-rich plasma (PRP).	Adenosine	39-48	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	98-101
7986202-5	1994	These studies demonstrate that plasma adenosine levels (0.1 to 0.3 microM) play a key role in negative modulation of PAF activity on platelet aggregation and 5-HT release.	Adenosine	38-47	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	117-120
7986202-6	1994	After depletion of plasma adenosine, the platelet-aggregating activity of PAF was increased greatly (&gt; 10-fold).	Adenosine	26-35	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	74-77
7986202-10	1994	PAF induced a rapid increase (80% in 15 sec) in intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, which was strongly inhibited by adenosine (IC50, 0.3 microM).	Adenosine	113-122	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	0-3
7986202-11	1994	Our studies suggest that agents that can increase plasma adenosine levels (e.g. inhibitors of adenosine uptake and adenosine metabolism) or methylxanthines may be useful in altering (inhibiting or enhancing, respectively) PAF actions on platelets and other tissues.	Adenosine	57-66	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	222-225
7986202-11	1994	Our studies suggest that agents that can increase plasma adenosine levels (e.g. inhibitors of adenosine uptake and adenosine metabolism) or methylxanthines may be useful in altering (inhibiting or enhancing, respectively) PAF actions on platelets and other tissues.	Adenosine	94-103	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	222-225
7986202-11	1994	Our studies suggest that agents that can increase plasma adenosine levels (e.g. inhibitors of adenosine uptake and adenosine metabolism) or methylxanthines may be useful in altering (inhibiting or enhancing, respectively) PAF actions on platelets and other tissues.	Adenosine	94-103	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	222-225
7923632-5	1994	Furthermore, adenosine (100 mumol/L) substantially attenuated the isoproterenol-induced decrease of pHi.	Adenosine	13-22	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
7916961-3	1994	Epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10 ng/ml) could partially alleviate the inhibitory effects and further enhance the stimulatory effects of adenosine.	Adenosine	137-146	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	0-23
7916961-3	1994	Epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10 ng/ml) could partially alleviate the inhibitory effects and further enhance the stimulatory effects of adenosine.	Adenosine	137-146	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	25-28
7912401-6	1994	The expression of adenosine A2a receptors by enkephalin cells in striatum suggests that adenosine may play a role in modulating the activity of GABA/enkephalin striatopallidal neurones through interaction with A2a receptors.	Adenosine	18-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
7912401-6	1994	The expression of adenosine A2a receptors by enkephalin cells in striatum suggests that adenosine may play a role in modulating the activity of GABA/enkephalin striatopallidal neurones through interaction with A2a receptors.	Adenosine	18-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	149-159
8283837-5	1993	These results suggest that endogenous adenosine may induce antidiuretic effects by accelerating the reabsorption of water and sodium at tubular sites via an IAP-insensitive mechanism, and that the diuretic effects of the adenosine A1-receptor antagonist may result from inhibiting this action of endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	38-47	magnesium transporter 1	Rattus norvegicus	157-160
8117993-2	1993	All analogues (numbers I-IX) were used in a final concentration of 10(-4) M. Compounds I-VI modified by adenosine demonstrated activation both ODC activity (except substance I) and polyamine synthesis.	Adenosine	104-113	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-146
8495727-1	1993	An adenosine antagonist, 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine (CSC), was shown previously to be 520-fold selective for A2a-adenosine receptors in radioligand binding assays in the rat brain.	Adenosine	3-12	spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
8465739-1	1993	The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of SPECT imaging with thallium-201 during adenosine-induced coronary hyperemia to detect high-risk patients with left main or three-vessel CAD.	Adenosine	95-104	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	192-195
8452257-6	1993	Adenosine also increased CSF and GCVF (108% and 103%, respectively) without altering the CSF/GCVF flow ratio compared to SNP.	Adenosine	0-9	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	25-28
8364684-0	1993	Adenosine-induced suppression of synaptic responses and the initiation and expression of long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of the hippocampus.	Adenosine	0-9	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
1445278-7	1992	Compared with cells treated with insulin alone, adenosine in the presence of insulin increased the accessibility of GLUT4 to the extracellular photolabel by approximately 25%, consistent with its enhancement of insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity; the plasma membrane concentration of GLUT4 as assessed by Western blotting was unchanged.	Adenosine	48-57	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	116-121
1445278-7	1992	Compared with cells treated with insulin alone, adenosine in the presence of insulin increased the accessibility of GLUT4 to the extracellular photolabel by approximately 25%, consistent with its enhancement of insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity; the plasma membrane concentration of GLUT4 as assessed by Western blotting was unchanged.	Adenosine	48-57	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	295-300
1331670-3	1992	Stably transfected cell lines bound a variety of adenosine agonists and antagonists with affinities characteristic of a brain adenosine A2a receptor.	Adenosine	49-58	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	126-148
1527579-2	1992	Extracellular field potentials were recorded to study the role of endogenous adenosine during hypoxia in area CA1 of rat hippocampal slices.	Adenosine	77-86	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-113
1438589-0	1992	Effects of Calaguala and an active principle, adenosine, on platelet activating factor.	Adenosine	46-55	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	60-86
1438589-11	1992	Pure adenosine dose-dependently inhibited the exocytosis induced by PAF (IC50 = 0.024 micrograms/ml) but was inactive in the biosynthesis assay.	Adenosine	5-14	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	68-71
1421525-0	1992	Adenosine levels in the postimplantation mouse uterus: quantitation by HPLC-fluorometric detection and spatiotemporal regulation by 5"-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	132-147
1421525-2	1992	The present study has determined the endogenous levels of adenosine in the pregnant mouse uterus and developing embryo-decidual unit with respect to the expression of two key enzymes of adenosine metabolism, 5"-nucleotidase (5"-NT; EC 3.1.3.5) and adenosine deaminase (ADA; EC 3.5.4.4).	Adenosine	58-67	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	208-223
1421525-9	1992	Other purine catabolic enzymes degrading AMP (adenylate deaminase) or generating adenosine (S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase) were not detected in the embryo-decidual unit suggesting that the net flux of utero-placental AMP catabolism proceeds with adenosine as an intermediate, this being the major pathway of adenosine formation.	Adenosine	81-90	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase	Mus musculus	92-124
18475472-2	1992	Stimulation by PAF or LTB(4) resulted in a bellshaped concentration-effect curve; 5 x 10(-7) M PAF, 10(-8) M LTB(4) and 500 mug ml(-1) OZ induced peak adenosine release, thus cytotoxic concentrations did not elevate adenosine level in the supernatants.	Adenosine	151-160	lymphotoxin beta	Homo sapiens	22-25
18475472-2	1992	Stimulation by PAF or LTB(4) resulted in a bellshaped concentration-effect curve; 5 x 10(-7) M PAF, 10(-8) M LTB(4) and 500 mug ml(-1) OZ induced peak adenosine release, thus cytotoxic concentrations did not elevate adenosine level in the supernatants.	Adenosine	151-160	lymphotoxin beta	Homo sapiens	109-112
18475472-2	1992	Stimulation by PAF or LTB(4) resulted in a bellshaped concentration-effect curve; 5 x 10(-7) M PAF, 10(-8) M LTB(4) and 500 mug ml(-1) OZ induced peak adenosine release, thus cytotoxic concentrations did not elevate adenosine level in the supernatants.	Adenosine	216-225	lymphotoxin beta	Homo sapiens	22-25
18475472-2	1992	Stimulation by PAF or LTB(4) resulted in a bellshaped concentration-effect curve; 5 x 10(-7) M PAF, 10(-8) M LTB(4) and 500 mug ml(-1) OZ induced peak adenosine release, thus cytotoxic concentrations did not elevate adenosine level in the supernatants.	Adenosine	216-225	lymphotoxin beta	Homo sapiens	109-112
18475472-4	1992	As calculated from concentration-effect curves, the rank order of potency for adenosine release was PAF &gt; LTB &gt; OZ.	Adenosine	78-87	lymphotoxin beta	Homo sapiens	109-112
1839368-0	1991	Does adenosine modulate the natriuretic response to ANP in normal dogs?	Adenosine	5-14	natriuretic peptide A	Canis lupus familiaris	52-55
1839368-4	1991	However, following intrarenal infusion of adenosine, this unaltered average response for the infused kidney was achieved by either attenuation or exaggeration of the natriuresis to ANP in half the dogs, respectively.	Adenosine	42-51	natriuretic peptide A	Canis lupus familiaris	181-184
1839368-7	1991	The provision of theophylline by itself (an adenosine antagonist) had no effect on UNaV but prevented the dipyridamole-induced exaggerated natriuresis to ANP.	Adenosine	44-53	natriuretic peptide A	Canis lupus familiaris	154-157
1839368-9	1991	We conclude that elevated intrarenal levels of adenosine will exaggerate an ANP-induced natriuresis possibly by altering intracytosolic Ca2+.	Adenosine	47-56	natriuretic peptide A	Canis lupus familiaris	76-79
2173559-4	1990	Protein kinase A was activated by p[CH2]ppA and ATP via their breakdown to adenosine.	Adenosine	75-84	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-16
2207501-2	1990	The adenosine uptake blocker propentofylline (HWA 285) has previously been shown to protect hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells from ischaemia-induced delayed neuronal death.	Adenosine	4-13	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-107
2144881-8	1990	A transient adenosine-mediated vasoconstriction was attenuated by ANF (AD, -54.5 +/- 3.6 ml/min vs.	Adenosine	12-21	natriuretic peptide A	Canis lupus familiaris	66-69
2144881-10	1990	We conclude that ANF at pharmacologic concentrations attenuates at the whole kidney level hypertonic saline and adenosine-mediated reductions in RBF and GFR.	Adenosine	112-121	natriuretic peptide A	Canis lupus familiaris	17-20
2176803-4	1990	The non-hydrolysable adenosine agonist N6 (phenylisopropyl)-adenosine (PIA), which prevents glucagon pre-treatment of hepatocytes blocking the ability of insulin to stimulate the peripheral plasma membrane cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, is shown here to accentuate the ability of insulin to decrease glucagon-elevated intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations.	Adenosine	21-30	RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2	Homo sapiens	71-74
2092960-8	1990	A10 may act as a nucleoside antagonist and interact very closely with adenosine units in nucleic acids and enzymes, which may interfere with protein synthesis in neoplastic cells.	Adenosine	70-79	immunoglobulin kappa variable 6D-21 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	0-3
33806201-6	2021	OT downregulates the phosphorylated component of a transcription factor adenosine-3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB), whose action is blocked by OTR antagonist and pertussis toxin, a specific inhibitor of the inhibitory GTP-binding regulators of adenylate cyclase, Gi.	Adenosine	72-81	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	150-154
33803075-6	2021	Signaling via both adenosine A2AR and cannabinoid CB1R was affected by methamphetamine in cells co-expressing the two receptors.	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	29-33
33235193-1	2020	Adenosine, its interacting A1 and A2A receptors, and particularly the variant rs5751876 in the A2A gene ADORA2A have been shown to modulate anxiety, arousal, and sleep.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	104-111
23770243-5	2013	Plasma membrane ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 CD39 and ecto-5"-nucleotidase CD73 hydrolyze ATP to adenosine, which induces CSR in B cells in an autonomous fashion.	Adenosine	117-126	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	16-64
23770243-5	2013	Plasma membrane ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 CD39 and ecto-5"-nucleotidase CD73 hydrolyze ATP to adenosine, which induces CSR in B cells in an autonomous fashion.	Adenosine	117-126	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	65-69
34751447-7	2022	Among the newly synthesized NAE, Delta4-NAE-22:5n-6 shows the greatest relative affinity to cannabinoid receptors hCB1 and hCB2 , and inhibition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate activity through hCB2 compared to anandamide.	Adenosine	155-164	cannabinoid receptor 2	Homo sapiens	196-200
34813798-4	2022	Ligation of PD-1 with PD-L1 and A2aR with adenosine significantly suppress T cell responses against tumor cells.	Adenosine	42-51	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	32-36
34846647-6	2022	Using transwell assays and immunoblotting, we confirmed that NCK1 overexpression promoted, while NCK1 downregulation inhibited migration capabilities, as well as the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2/9), uridylyl phosphate adenosine, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in TNBC cells.	Adenosine	235-244	NCK adaptor protein 1	Homo sapiens	61-65
34930349-1	2021	BACKGROUND: To investigate the role of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on the production of interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha induced by IL-1beta in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) following treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4- carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR).	Adenosine	39-48	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	142-182
34930349-1	2021	BACKGROUND: To investigate the role of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on the production of interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha induced by IL-1beta in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) following treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4- carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR).	Adenosine	39-48	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	224-232
34943057-7	2021	Mito-TIPTP, which is a p22phox inhibitor containing a mitochondrial translocation signal, enhances mitochondrial function by inhibiting the association between Rubicon and p22phox in LPS-primed bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) treated with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or dextran sulfate sodium (DSS).	Adenosine	247-256	cytochrome b-245 alpha chain	Homo sapiens	23-30
34943057-7	2021	Mito-TIPTP, which is a p22phox inhibitor containing a mitochondrial translocation signal, enhances mitochondrial function by inhibiting the association between Rubicon and p22phox in LPS-primed bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) treated with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or dextran sulfate sodium (DSS).	Adenosine	247-256	cytochrome b-245 alpha chain	Homo sapiens	172-179
34748342-3	2021	The latter showed differential inhibition of the protein methyltransferase PRMT5-MEP50 complex, with one analogue inhibiting more effectively than adenosine itself, demonstrating the utility of rationally probing 4"-5" side chain orientations.	Adenosine	147-156	WD repeat domain 77	Homo sapiens	81-86
34697820-3	2021	CD39 catalyzes the extracellular hydrolysis of nucleoside tri- and diphosphates, mainly adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) and ADP, yielding adenosine monophosphate, which is further hydrolyzed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to produce adenosine.	Adenosine	88-97	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
34673000-3	2021	It is widely known that high adenosine production is an important factor causing tumor-induced immunosuppression in TME, and adenosine mediates the suppression of anti-tumor T cell responses via binding and signaling through adenosine 2a receptor (A2aR).	Adenosine	29-38	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	248-252
34673000-3	2021	It is widely known that high adenosine production is an important factor causing tumor-induced immunosuppression in TME, and adenosine mediates the suppression of anti-tumor T cell responses via binding and signaling through adenosine 2a receptor (A2aR).	Adenosine	125-134	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	225-246
34673000-3	2021	It is widely known that high adenosine production is an important factor causing tumor-induced immunosuppression in TME, and adenosine mediates the suppression of anti-tumor T cell responses via binding and signaling through adenosine 2a receptor (A2aR).	Adenosine	125-134	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	248-252
34939383-10	2021	YSHX inhibited ROS generation by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha)/silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 3 (Sirt3) signaling.	Adenosine	44-53	sirtuin 3	Mus musculus	230-235
34298165-3	2021	The AMP generated from E-NTPDase activity can be subsequently hydrolyzed by ecto-nucleotidases, increasing the levels of adenosine, which can reduce the inflammatory response.	Adenosine	121-130	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 8	Homo sapiens	23-32
34273553-0	2021	Adenosine A2a receptors modulate TrkB receptor-dependent respiratory plasticity in neonatal rats.	Adenosine	0-9	spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
34912333-7	2021	MCHR1 inhibition blocked PDGF-BB modulation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).	Adenosine	68-77	melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
34830395-5	2021	Using our method to measure ASC, stimulation of PBMC with lipopolysaccharide and nigericin or adenosine triphosphate resulted in microscopic identification of intracellular ASC specks, as well as interleukin 1 (IL-1) beta and caspase-1 p10 in the periphery.	Adenosine	94-103	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	196-209
34830395-5	2021	Using our method to measure ASC, stimulation of PBMC with lipopolysaccharide and nigericin or adenosine triphosphate resulted in microscopic identification of intracellular ASC specks, as well as interleukin 1 (IL-1) beta and caspase-1 p10 in the periphery.	Adenosine	94-103	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	211-221
34867206-0	2021	Activation of Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Drives the Aerobic Glycolysis in Hippocampus for Delaying Cognitive Decline Following Electroacupuncture Treatment in APP/PS1 Mice.	Adenosine	14-23	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	185-188
34600072-1	2021	SIRT-1 is a potent energy regulator that has been implicated in the aging of different tissues, and cholesterol synthesis demands high amounts of cellular adenosine triphosphate.	Adenosine	155-164	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	0-6
34753903-6	2021	Moreover, excess adenosine was produced by AMP degradation around T cells and by adenosine receptor 2A (A2AR)-dependent inhibition of aerobic glycolysis and energy-related metabolic substrate production, thereby inhibiting the cell cycle entry and clonal proliferation of T cells.	Adenosine	81-90	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	104-108
34614169-3	2021	The Kae1 subunit of KEOPS catalyzes the universal and essential tRNA modification N6-threonylcarbamoyl adenosine (t6A), while the auxiliary subunits Cgi121, the kinase/ATPase Bud32, Pcc1 and Gon7 play a supporting role.	Adenosine	103-112	O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase	Homo sapiens	4-8
34743750-8	2021	RESULTS: We identified that the crosstalk of the m6A reader IMP2 with long-noncoding RNA (lncRNA) ZFAS1 in an m6A modulation-dependent manner, subsequently augmented the recruitment of Obg-like ATPase 1 (OLA1) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis and glycolysis during CRC proliferation and progression.	Adenosine	214-223	inositol monophosphatase 2	Mus musculus	60-64
34731284-3	2021	In our study, a combination of cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs), anti-OX40 and cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) injection in situ systematically generated a robust antitumour immune response in TC1 and B16 cells, which are alphaPD-1-resistant malignancies.	Adenosine	137-146	transcobalamin 1	Homo sapiens	251-254
34494380-2	2021	However, the therapeutic effect is still limited since the high expression of adenosine binding to G protein-coupled receptor A2AR induces an immunosuppressive effect.	Adenosine	78-87	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	126-130
34329705-2	2021	METHODS: An HPLC assay was used to test the hydrolytic activity of HINT2 against various adenosine, guanosine, and 2"-deoxyguanosine derivatives containing phosphate bonds of different types and different leaving groups.	Adenosine	89-98	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	67-72
34769157-5	2021	Opening of connexin hemichannels was monitored by measuring extracellular release of adenosine triphosphate.	Adenosine	85-94	LOC100128922	Homo sapiens	11-19
34768866-1	2021	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is an enzyme responsible for double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-specific adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, which is estimated to occur at over 100 million sites in humans.	Adenosine	110-119	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-35
34768866-1	2021	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is an enzyme responsible for double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-specific adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, which is estimated to occur at over 100 million sites in humans.	Adenosine	110-119	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	37-42
34660967-6	2021	The modified N-terminus tag in DHFR acts as a cap on the entrance of the substrate-binding cavity, squeezes the adenosine binding subdomain, and influences the binding of NADPH in some mutants.	Adenosine	112-121	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli	31-35
34657048-5	2021	Alterations in different DNA damage repair genes, including BRCA2, ATM, CDK12, or mismatch repair genes, are linked to favorable response to targeted therapies such as poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose)polymerase(PARP)inhibitors or immune checkpoint inhibitors.	Adenosine	173-182	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	67-70
34464722-5	2021	ERbeta agonists DPN and ERB-041 attenuated P2X7R expression in macrophages from colitis rats and in a murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) in response to either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or adenosine triphosphate (ATP).	Adenosine	191-200	estrogen receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
34608616-3	2021	Subsequent data on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and rapid metabolism of these compounds suggested that neuroprotection was likely mediated by a metabolite, AST-004, which binding data indicated was an adenosine A3 receptor (A3R) agonist.	Adenosine	198-207	solute carrier family 17 (anion/sugar transporter), member 5	Mus musculus	153-156
34080004-4	2021	The assay measures recombinant mouse NDST1 (mNDST1) sulfotransferase activity by employing its natural substrate adenosine 3"-phophoadenosine-5"-phosphosulfate (PAPS), a bacterial analog of desulphated human HS, Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide (K5), the fluorogenic substrate 4-methylumbelliferylsulfate, and a double mutant of rat phenol sulfotransferase SULT1A1 K56ER68G.	Adenosine	113-122	N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase (heparan glucosaminyl) 1	Mus musculus	37-42
34080004-4	2021	The assay measures recombinant mouse NDST1 (mNDST1) sulfotransferase activity by employing its natural substrate adenosine 3"-phophoadenosine-5"-phosphosulfate (PAPS), a bacterial analog of desulphated human HS, Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide (K5), the fluorogenic substrate 4-methylumbelliferylsulfate, and a double mutant of rat phenol sulfotransferase SULT1A1 K56ER68G.	Adenosine	113-122	N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase (heparan glucosaminyl) 1	Mus musculus	44-50
34646376-4	2021	Accumulating evidence shows that metformin improves ED through liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/5"-adenosine monophosphat-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and AMPK-independent targets, including nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2).	Adenosine	89-98	serine/threonine kinase 11	Homo sapiens	80-84
34429546-5	2021	Treg cells deficient in insulin receptor, HIF-1alpha or Med23 have decreased PPAR-gamma expression that in turn promotes accumulation of CD73hiST2lo adipose Treg cells and physiological adenosine production to activate beige fat biogenesis.	Adenosine	186-195	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	42-52
34224862-1	2021	Extracellular ATP is a danger signal to the brain and contributes to neurodegeneration in animal models of Alzheimer"s disease through its extracellular catabolism by CD73 to generate adenosine, bolstering the activation of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR).	Adenosine	184-193	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	167-171
34224862-1	2021	Extracellular ATP is a danger signal to the brain and contributes to neurodegeneration in animal models of Alzheimer"s disease through its extracellular catabolism by CD73 to generate adenosine, bolstering the activation of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR).	Adenosine	224-233	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	167-171
34581093-7	2021	The results of network pharmacology showed that 15 potential active components such as EC, procyanidin B1, and luteolin presumedly functioned in the treatment of ALI through nuclear transcription factor-kappaB(NF-kappaB) signaling pathway, transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-beta) signaling pathway, and adenosine 5"-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK) signaling pathway through key targets, such as RELA(P65).	Adenosine	305-314	v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian)	Mus musculus	415-423
34242937-7	2021	Codeine wasfound to bind to and activate beta2AR with KD value of 4.10 x 10-7 M, leading to increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production with EC50 of 6.49 x 10-7 M and reduction of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, which in turn relaxes bronchial contraction with EC50 of 2.62 x 10-6 M. Furthermore, the KD value and pEC50 of codeine were within the 95% prediction range of the interaction force analysis model.	Adenosine	109-118	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	41-48
34502315-1	2021	Cluster of differentiation 73 (CD73, also known as ecto-5"-nucleotidase) is an enzyme that converts AMP into adenosine.	Adenosine	109-118	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	51-71
34452919-6	2021	Mechanistically, inhibiting bicarbonate production by CAIX or sodium-driven bicarbonate transport, while targeting xCT, decreased adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation and increased acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 1 activation.	Adenosine	130-139	solute carrier family 7 member 11	Homo sapiens	115-118
34512393-8	2021	The cell permeable cAMP analog, 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate, significantly increased the activity and expression in the plasma membrane of recombinant ENaC expressed in CHO and COS-7 cells, respectively.	Adenosine	54-63	sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 alpha	Mus musculus	182-186
34504490-4	2021	We evaluated the impact of ADP-ribosylation on the capability of CD73 to generate adenosine from adenosine monophosphate.	Adenosine	82-91	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	65-69
34504490-4	2021	We evaluated the impact of ADP-ribosylation on the capability of CD73 to generate adenosine from adenosine monophosphate.	Adenosine	97-106	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	65-69
34380770-4	2021	We found that decreased PANX1 expression in the liver led to reduced release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from hepatocytes, which further reduced the activation of P2X2, an ATP-activating P2X receptor.	Adenosine	80-89	pannexin 1	Mus musculus	24-29
34413670-10	2021	Adenosine receptor agonist IB-MECA was predicted to be a potential drug for T2DM-related MI with the highest CMap connectivity score.	Adenosine	0-9	cystatin F	Homo sapiens	109-113
34362890-3	2021	In this study, E-selectin-modified thermal-sensitive micelles are designed to co-deliver a chemotherapeutic drug (doxorubicin, DOX) and an A2A adenosine receptor antagonist (SCH 58261), which simultaneously exhibit chemo-immunotherapeutic effects when applied with microwave irradiation.	Adenosine	143-152	selectin E	Homo sapiens	15-25
34424263-8	2021	Results: PXN silencing reduced the levels of lactic acid and adenosine triphosphate, downregulated HK1, HK2, and GLUT1, suppressed PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling activation, and inhibited VEGF-A-induced mitochondria injury in VEGF-A-induced HUVECs.	Adenosine	61-70	paxillin	Homo sapiens	9-12
34105986-10	2021	Dampening of these danger signals and organ protection largely depends upon activities of vascular and immune cell-expressed ectonucleotidases (CD39 and CD73), which convert ATP and ADP into anti-inflammatory adenosine.	Adenosine	209-218	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	144-148
34329302-1	2021	A new study in PLOS Biology finds that interferon (IFN)-induced adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) mRNA is N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modified to promote its translation, enabling ADAR1 to modify self-double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) generated during the IFN response and preventing activation of the melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5)-mediated host antiviral response.	Adenosine	64-73	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	101-106
34329302-1	2021	A new study in PLOS Biology finds that interferon (IFN)-induced adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) mRNA is N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modified to promote its translation, enabling ADAR1 to modify self-double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) generated during the IFN response and preventing activation of the melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5)-mediated host antiviral response.	Adenosine	64-73	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	187-192
34329302-1	2021	A new study in PLOS Biology finds that interferon (IFN)-induced adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) mRNA is N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modified to promote its translation, enabling ADAR1 to modify self-double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) generated during the IFN response and preventing activation of the melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5)-mediated host antiviral response.	Adenosine	64-73	interferon induced with helicase C domain 1	Homo sapiens	305-350
34329302-1	2021	A new study in PLOS Biology finds that interferon (IFN)-induced adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) mRNA is N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modified to promote its translation, enabling ADAR1 to modify self-double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) generated during the IFN response and preventing activation of the melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5)-mediated host antiviral response.	Adenosine	64-73	interferon induced with helicase C domain 1	Homo sapiens	352-356
34442398-13	2021	CONCLUSION: BrCa producing ADO (CD73+ TU) favor the induction of Tr1, which expresses CD39 and CD73, hydrolyzes ATP to ADO, and effectively suppresses anti-tumor immunity.	Adenosine	27-30	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	86-90
34292326-1	2021	The Chd8 gene encodes a member of the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding (CHD) family of SNF2H-like adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent chromatin remodeler, the mutations of which define a subtype of autism spectrum disorders.	Adenosine	99-108	chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 8	Mus musculus	4-8
34357041-1	2021	METTL16 methyltransferase is responsible for the methylation of N6-adenosine (m6A) in several RNAs.	Adenosine	67-76	methyltransferase like 16	Mus musculus	0-7
34356618-7	2021	Purinergic signaling is an endogenous molecular pathway in which the enzymes CD39 and CD73 catabolize extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) to adenosine.	Adenosine	116-125	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	77-81
34356618-7	2021	Purinergic signaling is an endogenous molecular pathway in which the enzymes CD39 and CD73 catabolize extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) to adenosine.	Adenosine	149-158	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	77-81
34159634-2	2021	The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 are responsible for the sequential catabolism of ATP to adenosine via AMP, thus promoting an anti-inflammatory milieu induced by the "adenosine halo".	Adenosine	92-101	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
34159634-2	2021	The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 are responsible for the sequential catabolism of ATP to adenosine via AMP, thus promoting an anti-inflammatory milieu induced by the "adenosine halo".	Adenosine	170-179	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
34107215-0	2021	Adenosine A2AR/A1R Antagonists Enabling Additional H3R Antagonism for the Treatment of Parkinson"s Disease.	Adenosine	0-9	histamine receptor H3	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
34199285-3	2021	In the bone marrow niche, a chain of ectoenzymes, including CD38, produce immunosuppressive adenosine, inhibiting T cell proliferation as well as immunosuppressive cells.	Adenosine	92-101	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	60-64
34101732-3	2021	Mechanisms behind lost TGFbeta signaling on CAF are poorly understood, but, utilizing MMTV-PyMT mouse model, we have previously demonstrated that in tumor microenvironment myeloid cells, producing adenosine, contribute to downregulated TGFbeta signaling on CAFs.	Adenosine	197-206	transforming growth factor alpha	Mus musculus	236-243
34073103-4	2021	Here, we hypothesized that extracellular ATP (eATP) mobilization preceded adenosine accumulation, which involved local activation of mechanosensitive channels, especially TRPV4 protein.	Adenosine	74-83	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4	Rattus norvegicus	171-176
34070360-0	2021	Adenosine and Cordycepin Accelerate Tissue Remodeling Process through Adenosine Receptor Mediated Wnt/beta-Catenin Pathway Stimulation by Regulating GSK3b Activity.	Adenosine	0-9	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	102-114
34070360-0	2021	Adenosine and Cordycepin Accelerate Tissue Remodeling Process through Adenosine Receptor Mediated Wnt/beta-Catenin Pathway Stimulation by Regulating GSK3b Activity.	Adenosine	70-79	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	102-114
34070360-6	2021	The enhanced gene expression by adenosine and cordycepin was abrogated by adenosine A2A and A2B receptor inhibitors, ZM241385 and PSH603, and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89, indicating the involvement of adenosine receptor A2A, A2B and PKA.	Adenosine	32-41	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	210-232
34070360-6	2021	The enhanced gene expression by adenosine and cordycepin was abrogated by adenosine A2A and A2B receptor inhibitors, ZM241385 and PSH603, and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89, indicating the involvement of adenosine receptor A2A, A2B and PKA.	Adenosine	74-83	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	210-232
34070360-9	2021	In conclusion, our data strongly demonstrate that adenosine and cordycepin stimulate the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling through the activation of adenosine receptor, possibly promoting the tissue remodeling process and suggest their therapeutic potential for treating skin wounds.	Adenosine	50-59	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	93-105
34070360-9	2021	In conclusion, our data strongly demonstrate that adenosine and cordycepin stimulate the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling through the activation of adenosine receptor, possibly promoting the tissue remodeling process and suggest their therapeutic potential for treating skin wounds.	Adenosine	142-151	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	93-105
34069712-2	2021	The disease is caused by defects in the gene for the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette protein, subfamily D (ABCD1) that encodes the peroxisomal transporter of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs).	Adenosine	53-62	ATP binding cassette subfamily D member 1	Homo sapiens	121-126
34069490-8	2021	These synergistic effects were reinforced by a decrease in P-gp expression and its P-gp adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity, which subsequently led to intracellular doxorubicin accumulation in resistant sarcoma cells.	Adenosine	88-97	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	59-63
35568086-0	2022	Adenosine ameliorated Abeta25-35-induced brain injury through the inhibition of apoptosis and oxidative stress via an ERalpha pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	estrogen receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-125
35568086-1	2022	Previous studies have shown that adenosine has estrogen-like activity mediated by estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha).	Adenosine	33-42	estrogen receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-114
35568086-9	2022	Adenosine improved learning and memory ability, reduced neuronal damage, downregulated Abeta42/Abeta40, p-Tau, apoptosis, and oxidative stress, transformed immune cells, and increased the expression of ERalpha following Abeta25-35 challenge.	Adenosine	0-9	estrogen receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	202-209
35568086-12	2022	Adenosine ameliorated Abeta25-35-induced brain injury by inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress, possibly via an ERalpha pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	estrogen receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	116-123
35550530-4	2022	Recent findings reveal that the ectonucleotidase CD39, the limiting enzyme been viewed as "immunological switch", converts ATP-driven pro-inflammatory milieu to an anti-inflammatory state mediated by adenosine.	Adenosine	200-209	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	49-53
35550530-5	2022	Owing to its superior feature of CD39 antagonism that rely not only on preventing the accumulation of adenosine but also on the stabilization of extracellular ATP to restore antitumor immunity, several inhibitors and clinical trials based on CD39 are being evaluated.	Adenosine	102-111	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	33-37
35550530-5	2022	Owing to its superior feature of CD39 antagonism that rely not only on preventing the accumulation of adenosine but also on the stabilization of extracellular ATP to restore antitumor immunity, several inhibitors and clinical trials based on CD39 are being evaluated.	Adenosine	102-111	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	242-246
35506379-3	2022	METHODS: Using a combination of single-cell RNA sequencing together with forster resonance energy transfer-based sensors to monitor cyclic adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate, PKA (protein kinase A)-dependent phosphorylation and cGMP (cyclic guanosine 3",5"-monophosphate), we tested the hypothesis that dysregulation occurs in a sub-family of PDEs in the cytosol and outer mitochondrial membrane of neurons from the stellate ganglion.	Adenosine	139-148	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	170-173
35508185-4	2022	The most common RNA modification is methylation of N6-adenosine deposited by the m6A methyltransferase complex (METTL3/14/16, WTAP, KIAA1429, and RBM15/15B), erased by demethylases (FTO and ALKBH5), and recognized by binding proteins (e.g., YTHDF1/2/3, YTHDC1/2, IGF2BP1/2/3, etc.).	Adenosine	54-63	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	112-124
35508185-4	2022	The most common RNA modification is methylation of N6-adenosine deposited by the m6A methyltransferase complex (METTL3/14/16, WTAP, KIAA1429, and RBM15/15B), erased by demethylases (FTO and ALKBH5), and recognized by binding proteins (e.g., YTHDF1/2/3, YTHDC1/2, IGF2BP1/2/3, etc.).	Adenosine	54-63	vir like m6A methyltransferase associated	Homo sapiens	132-140
35508185-4	2022	The most common RNA modification is methylation of N6-adenosine deposited by the m6A methyltransferase complex (METTL3/14/16, WTAP, KIAA1429, and RBM15/15B), erased by demethylases (FTO and ALKBH5), and recognized by binding proteins (e.g., YTHDF1/2/3, YTHDC1/2, IGF2BP1/2/3, etc.).	Adenosine	54-63	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	182-185
35508185-4	2022	The most common RNA modification is methylation of N6-adenosine deposited by the m6A methyltransferase complex (METTL3/14/16, WTAP, KIAA1429, and RBM15/15B), erased by demethylases (FTO and ALKBH5), and recognized by binding proteins (e.g., YTHDF1/2/3, YTHDC1/2, IGF2BP1/2/3, etc.).	Adenosine	54-63	YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	241-251
35508185-5	2022	Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is another abundant editing event converting adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA regions through the action of the adenosine deaminase (ADAR) proteins.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	186-190
35508185-5	2022	Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is another abundant editing event converting adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA regions through the action of the adenosine deaminase (ADAR) proteins.	Adenosine	87-96	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	186-190
35452771-2	2022	Increasing lines of evidence show that T-2 toxin can reduce the levels of tight junction proteins, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by disrupting cellular barriers and the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) and Nrf2/heme oxygenase (HO)-1 pathways.	Adenosine	201-210	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	259-285
35572492-10	2022	CD38 may play a role in MM and lung cancer by changing the bone marrow microenvironment through adenosine.	Adenosine	96-105	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	0-4
35635297-4	2022	In addition, LT significantly affected mitochondrial biogenesis and function and antioxidative related genes expression, and increased the protein expression of p-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and decreased the Keap1 protein levels.	Adenosine	163-172	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	396-412
35635297-4	2022	In addition, LT significantly affected mitochondrial biogenesis and function and antioxidative related genes expression, and increased the protein expression of p-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and decreased the Keap1 protein levels.	Adenosine	163-172	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	414-418
35628582-5	2022	These changes prevailed over the direct effect of 4PYR on 4T1 cells that reduced their invasive potential through 4PYR-induced modulation of the CD73-adenosine axis.	Adenosine	150-159	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	145-149
35597810-2	2022	LHCGR expression predominates in ovarian tissues where it elicits functional responses through cyclic adenosine mononucleotide (cAMP), Ca2+ and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling.	Adenosine	102-111	luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor	Homo sapiens	0-5
35605649-2	2022	It is also a novel site of adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing by ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA).	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	72-76
35605649-2	2022	It is also a novel site of adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing by ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA).	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	78-111
35524551-4	2022	We addressed this question by determining crystal structures of U2AF2 bound to a cytidine, guanosine, or adenosine at the central position of the Py tract, and compared U2AF2-bound uridine structures.	Adenosine	105-114	U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 2	Homo sapiens	64-69
35410483-12	2022	Adenosine supplementation activated AMPK and abolished SAHH deficiency-induced expression of H19 and Runx2 and osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs.	Adenosine	0-9	H19 imprinted maternally expressed transcript	Homo sapiens	93-96
35410483-13	2022	Finally, AMPK activation by adenosine inhibited H19 expression by inducing Sirt1-mediated histone H3 hypoacetylation and DNMT3b-mediated hypermethylation of the H19 promoter in SAHH deficiency VSMCs.	Adenosine	28-37	H19 imprinted maternally expressed transcript	Homo sapiens	48-51
35410483-13	2022	Finally, AMPK activation by adenosine inhibited H19 expression by inducing Sirt1-mediated histone H3 hypoacetylation and DNMT3b-mediated hypermethylation of the H19 promoter in SAHH deficiency VSMCs.	Adenosine	28-37	DNA methyltransferase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	121-127
35410483-13	2022	Finally, AMPK activation by adenosine inhibited H19 expression by inducing Sirt1-mediated histone H3 hypoacetylation and DNMT3b-mediated hypermethylation of the H19 promoter in SAHH deficiency VSMCs.	Adenosine	28-37	H19 imprinted maternally expressed transcript	Homo sapiens	161-164
35473877-6	2022	The as-prepared adsorbent coupled with high performance liquid chromatography was used for analysis of four nucleosides including cytidine, uridine, guanosine, and adenosine in urine sample with the detection limits in range of 0.002-0.005 mug mL-1 and the quantitative limits in range of 0.008-0.018 mug mL-1.	Adenosine	164-173	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	244-248
35473877-6	2022	The as-prepared adsorbent coupled with high performance liquid chromatography was used for analysis of four nucleosides including cytidine, uridine, guanosine, and adenosine in urine sample with the detection limits in range of 0.002-0.005 mug mL-1 and the quantitative limits in range of 0.008-0.018 mug mL-1.	Adenosine	164-173	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	305-309
35510301-0	2022	Extracellular adenosine triphosphate induces IDO and IFNgamma expression of human periodontal ligament cells through P2 X7 receptor signaling.	Adenosine	14-23	indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	45-48
35381855-3	2022	Pannexin1 channels are membrane channels that transport ions, including ATP, out of the cell where it is rapidly broken down into adenosine.	Adenosine	130-139	pannexin 1	Mus musculus	0-9
35381855-5	2022	Here, we test the extent to which pannexin channels, specifically pannexin1 (Panx1) channels, are responsible for rapid adenosine events.	Adenosine	120-129	pannexin 1	Mus musculus	66-75
35381855-5	2022	Here, we test the extent to which pannexin channels, specifically pannexin1 (Panx1) channels, are responsible for rapid adenosine events.	Adenosine	120-129	pannexin 1	Mus musculus	77-82
35593197-8	2022	We showed that the adenosine triphosphate-P2X7 pathway regulated the hepatic PANX1-IL-33 axis during endotoxemia in vitro and in vivo.	Adenosine	19-28	pannexin 1	Mus musculus	77-82
35572519-10	2022	Regarding the direct effect of BHB on inflammasome activation, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion in response to adenosine triphosphate or palmitate stimulation in human macrophages decreased significantly after isocaloric KD.	Adenosine	149-158	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	82-90
35471483-4	2022	CD39 on the vascular endothelium and on circulating cells, in particular regulatory T cells (Treg), is upregulated in response to hypoxic stimuli and plays a critical role in regulating the immune response removing proinflammatory ATP and generating anti-inflammatory adenosine.	Adenosine	268-277	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
35443187-7	2022	Migrating Tregs are ectonucleotidase CD39hi and resist exTreg conversion in an adenosine-receptor-2A-dependent fashion.	Adenosine	79-88	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
35463992-1	2022	This study was aimed at exploring the mechanism of serine threonine protein kinase 11 (STK11)/Adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway after immunotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), providing basic information for the clinical treatment of ESCC.	Adenosine	94-103	serine/threonine kinase 11	Homo sapiens	51-85
35463992-1	2022	This study was aimed at exploring the mechanism of serine threonine protein kinase 11 (STK11)/Adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway after immunotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), providing basic information for the clinical treatment of ESCC.	Adenosine	94-103	serine/threonine kinase 11	Homo sapiens	87-92
35365563-4	2022	In this study, we show that methyltransferase like 14 (Mettl14)-mediated methylation of adenosines at the position N 6 of mRNA (N 6-methyladenosine (m6A)) is essential for the GC B cell response in mice.	Adenosine	88-98	natriuretic peptide receptor 2	Mus musculus	176-180
35382738-8	2022	Furthermore, electrical stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion modulates the expression of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors in the trigeminal ganglion and trigeminal nucleus caudalis implicating adenosine signaling pathway in pain transmission.	Adenosine	193-202	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	111-121
35455444-4	2022	Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) is a registered drug that acts through adenosine A2Ar.	Adenosine	70-79	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	80-84
35021019-2	2022	Adenosine-5"-Triphosphate (ATP) triggers interleukin (IL)-1beta secretion via the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) and activation of the NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	41-63
34990072-6	2022	The mechanistic investigation revealed that CTRP9 overexpression restrained the activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in IL-1beta-stimulated chondrocytes via the adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1)/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) axis.	Adenosine	254-263	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	180-188
35091759-10	2022	Yet, the ectoenzymes of the canonical and non-canonical adenosinergic pathway (ENTPD1 and CD38) are upregulated, suggesting that adenosine is produced by both active adenosinergic pathways.	Adenosine	129-138	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	79-85
35091759-10	2022	Yet, the ectoenzymes of the canonical and non-canonical adenosinergic pathway (ENTPD1 and CD38) are upregulated, suggesting that adenosine is produced by both active adenosinergic pathways.	Adenosine	129-138	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	90-94
35408582-2	2022	Adenosine stimulated the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway by modulating the activity of Gsk3beta in cultured human dermal papilla cells.	Adenosine	0-9	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	29-41
35408582-6	2022	The inhibitor study data conducted in Wnt reporter cells and in cultured human dermal papilla cells demonstrated that adenosine stimulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling through the activation of the adenosine receptor and Gsk3beta plays a critical role in transmitting the signals from the adenosine receptor to beta-catenin, possibly via the Galphas/cAMP/PKA/mTOR signaling cascade.	Adenosine	118-127	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	143-155
35408582-6	2022	The inhibitor study data conducted in Wnt reporter cells and in cultured human dermal papilla cells demonstrated that adenosine stimulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling through the activation of the adenosine receptor and Gsk3beta plays a critical role in transmitting the signals from the adenosine receptor to beta-catenin, possibly via the Galphas/cAMP/PKA/mTOR signaling cascade.	Adenosine	118-127	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	309-321
35408582-6	2022	The inhibitor study data conducted in Wnt reporter cells and in cultured human dermal papilla cells demonstrated that adenosine stimulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling through the activation of the adenosine receptor and Gsk3beta plays a critical role in transmitting the signals from the adenosine receptor to beta-catenin, possibly via the Galphas/cAMP/PKA/mTOR signaling cascade.	Adenosine	196-205	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	143-155
35408582-6	2022	The inhibitor study data conducted in Wnt reporter cells and in cultured human dermal papilla cells demonstrated that adenosine stimulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling through the activation of the adenosine receptor and Gsk3beta plays a critical role in transmitting the signals from the adenosine receptor to beta-catenin, possibly via the Galphas/cAMP/PKA/mTOR signaling cascade.	Adenosine	196-205	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	309-321
35408582-6	2022	The inhibitor study data conducted in Wnt reporter cells and in cultured human dermal papilla cells demonstrated that adenosine stimulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling through the activation of the adenosine receptor and Gsk3beta plays a critical role in transmitting the signals from the adenosine receptor to beta-catenin, possibly via the Galphas/cAMP/PKA/mTOR signaling cascade.	Adenosine	287-296	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	143-155
35121636-6	2022	Nevertheless, Sipa1l1 -/- mice showed aberrant responses to alpha2-adrenergic receptor (a spinophilin target) or adenosine A1 receptor (a neurabin-1 target) agonist stimulation, and striking behavioral anomalies, such as hyperactivity, enhanced anxiety, learning impairments, social interaction deficits, and enhanced epileptic seizure susceptibility.	Adenosine	113-122	signal-induced proliferation-associated 1 like 1	Mus musculus	14-21
35386701-1	2022	A2A receptors (A2AR), a typical GPCR with a high affinity for adenosine, was expressed in many immune cells, such as regulatory T cells, cytotoxic T cells, macrophages, etc.	Adenosine	62-71	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	15-19
35386701-1	2022	A2A receptors (A2AR), a typical GPCR with a high affinity for adenosine, was expressed in many immune cells, such as regulatory T cells, cytotoxic T cells, macrophages, etc.	Adenosine	62-71	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	3-13
35386701-3	2022	The adenosine-A2AR pathway plays an important role in protecting normal organs and tissues from the autoimmune response of immune cells.	Adenosine	4-13	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	14-18
35386701-4	2022	However, many solid tumors hijack the adenosine-A2AR pathway by promoting adenosine accumulation.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	48-52
35386701-4	2022	However, many solid tumors hijack the adenosine-A2AR pathway by promoting adenosine accumulation.	Adenosine	74-83	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	48-52
35386701-8	2022	Therefore, this review will discuss the role of the adenosine-A2AR pathway in the tumor microenvironment and summarize recent advances of A2AR-cancer related studies.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	62-66
35133980-3	2022	Here, we interrogated the role of Adenosine-to-Inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing mediated by ADAR1 (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1) in GSCs and found that both ADAR1 and global RNA editomes were elevated in GSCs compared to normal neural stem cells (NSCs).	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	88-93
35133980-3	2022	Here, we interrogated the role of Adenosine-to-Inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing mediated by ADAR1 (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1) in GSCs and found that both ADAR1 and global RNA editomes were elevated in GSCs compared to normal neural stem cells (NSCs).	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	95-130
35239728-5	2022	Uricase-deficient rats have a high level of SUA and are sensitive to xanthine, adenosine, inosine, allopurinol, and alcohol.	Adenosine	79-88	urate oxidase	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
35121641-4	2022	Although HIF activity is known to 1) promote cancer development and 2) drive tumor immune suppression through the secretion of adenosine, both prolyl hydroxylases and an asparaginyl hydroxylase termed factor-inhibiting HIF (FIH) negatively regulate HIF.	Adenosine	127-136	hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit inhibitor	Mus musculus	9-12
35121641-4	2022	Although HIF activity is known to 1) promote cancer development and 2) drive tumor immune suppression through the secretion of adenosine, both prolyl hydroxylases and an asparaginyl hydroxylase termed factor-inhibiting HIF (FIH) negatively regulate HIF.	Adenosine	127-136	hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit inhibitor	Mus musculus	224-227
35121641-4	2022	Although HIF activity is known to 1) promote cancer development and 2) drive tumor immune suppression through the secretion of adenosine, both prolyl hydroxylases and an asparaginyl hydroxylase termed factor-inhibiting HIF (FIH) negatively regulate HIF.	Adenosine	127-136	hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit inhibitor	Mus musculus	249-252
35041979-2	2022	Here, we determined the structure of the nonhydrolyzable ATP analog adenosine-5"-(beta-gamma-imido) triphosphate (AMP-PNP) bound human ABCB7 at 3.3 A by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM).	Adenosine	68-77	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 7	Homo sapiens	135-140
35217622-8	2022	The dissociation of a Bub3*BubR1 subcomplex of MCC is stimulated by UBR5-dependent ubiquitylation, as suggested by observations that this process in mitotic extracts requires UBR5 and alpha-beta bond hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate.	Adenosine	214-223	BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B	Homo sapiens	27-32
35217622-8	2022	The dissociation of a Bub3*BubR1 subcomplex of MCC is stimulated by UBR5-dependent ubiquitylation, as suggested by observations that this process in mitotic extracts requires UBR5 and alpha-beta bond hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate.	Adenosine	214-223	ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 5	Homo sapiens	68-72
35196024-8	2022	RNA sequencing analyses highlighted modifications in the tolerant patients" transcriptomic profiles, particularly with overexpression of the ectoenzyme NT5E (encoding CD73), which could counterbalance CD38 enzymatic functions by producing adenosine.	Adenosine	239-248	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	201-205
35196024-11	2022	Thus, balance between a CD38-activated immune state and CD73-related production of adenosine may be a key regulator of operational tolerance.	Adenosine	83-92	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	24-28
34637412-16	2022	The responsible mechanisms may involve the preservation of mitochondrial complex I respiratory capacity and adenosine triphosphate production, which involves the Sirtuin3-NDUFA9 deacetylation.	Adenosine	108-117	sirtuin 3	Rattus norvegicus	162-170
34637412-16	2022	The responsible mechanisms may involve the preservation of mitochondrial complex I respiratory capacity and adenosine triphosphate production, which involves the Sirtuin3-NDUFA9 deacetylation.	Adenosine	108-117	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A9	Rattus norvegicus	171-177
35135866-1	2022	Increasing evidence supports targeting the adenosine pathway in immuno-oncology with several clinical programs directed at adenosine A2 receptor (A2AR, A2BR), CD73 and CD39 in development.	Adenosine	123-132	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	146-150
35135866-4	2022	Adenosine receptor (eg, A2AR, A2BR) stimulation of both the innate and adaptive cellular precursors lead to immunosuppressive phenotypic differentiation.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	24-28
34982555-1	2022	A G protein-coupled receptor heteromer that fulfills the established criteria for its existence in vivo is the complex between adenosine A2A (A2AR) and dopamine D2 (D2R) receptors.	Adenosine	127-136	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	142-146
35094989-7	2022	In the presence of Sphingosine kinase (SphK1) inhibitor, adenosine mediated effects on ATP release were abolished.	Adenosine	57-66	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	39-44
2547490-4	1989	The adenosine analogue 5"-N-ethylcarboxamide-adenosine (NECA) and L-N6-phenyl-isopropyl-adenosine (L-PIA) inhibited PMN oxygen metabolite generation with relative potencies (NECA greater than adenosine greater than L-PIA) characteristic of an A2 receptor.	Adenosine	4-13	RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2	Homo sapiens	217-220
2547490-4	1989	The adenosine analogue 5"-N-ethylcarboxamide-adenosine (NECA) and L-N6-phenyl-isopropyl-adenosine (L-PIA) inhibited PMN oxygen metabolite generation with relative potencies (NECA greater than adenosine greater than L-PIA) characteristic of an A2 receptor.	Adenosine	45-54	RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2	Homo sapiens	217-220
2735429-8	1989	The spontaneous contraction rate of isolated perfused dog right atrial preparations, which included the sinoatrial node, was reduced by intrasinoatrial node artery infusions of adenosine analogues with a potency ratio of NECA-100:adenosine-15:N6-cyclopentyladenosine-2.3:R-PIA-1.	Adenosine	177-186	RPIA	Canis lupus familiaris	271-276
2667680-11	1989	Adenosine selectively reduced the sensitivity of CA1 neurones to microiontophoretically applied carbachol whereas stable nucleotides did not.	Adenosine	0-9	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
2515908-3	1989	Preincubation of hemipituitaries with 1 microM adenosine also inhibited 10 nM luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-induced LH and FSH release by greater than 90%.	Adenosine	47-56	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-115
2468936-4	1989	In cerebral arteries contracted with histamine, adenosine, and acetylcholine-induced relaxation was inhibited by 7-14-fold in the presence of 1.5 nM NPY, with no change in maximal relaxation.	Adenosine	48-57	neuropeptide Y	Oryctolagus cuniculus	149-152
2468936-11	1989	Ouabain and ouabain plus NPY also decreased the maximal relaxant effect of adenosine.	Adenosine	75-84	neuropeptide Y	Oryctolagus cuniculus	25-28
3421341-3	1988	P1 and P2 purinoceptor agonists, adenosine and ATP, respectively, administered close intra-arterially, caused dose-dependent decreases in the IASP.	Adenosine	33-42	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	7-22
2457429-6	1988	Adenosine, reported to be a specific antagonist of neuronal Ca2+ channels, also impaired voltage-stimulated Ca2+ influx in SCC.	Adenosine	0-9	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	123-126
3397622-0	1988	Modulation of erythropoietin production by adenosine.	Adenosine	43-52	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	14-28
3397622-2	1988	The current study ascribes another oxygen-responsive role to adenosine, that of regulating synthesis of the erythropoiesis-stimulating hormone, erythropoietin.	Adenosine	61-70	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	144-158
3397622-3	1988	When perfused through isolated rat kidneys, exogenous adenosine in nanomolar concentrations increased erythropoietin production, whereas inosine, the deaminated nucleoside, had no effect.	Adenosine	54-63	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	102-116
3397622-4	1988	In addition, an adenosine antagonist, and adenosine deaminase, diminished erythropoietin titers in renal perfusates.	Adenosine	16-25	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	74-88
3397622-6	1988	The results suggest that adenosine may function as a mediator to link oxygen supply with erythropoietin production.	Adenosine	25-34	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	89-103
2457077-4	1988	Coadministration of each of several adenosine agonists with substance P or N-methyl-D-aspartate intrathecally significantly decreased the intensity of behaviors induced by putative nociceptive neurotransmitters in mice.	Adenosine	36-45	tachykinin 1	Mus musculus	60-71
3394472-5	1988	As adenosine is a locally acting insulin-like effector, these results suggest that the higher adenosine content in femoral adipose tissue in menstruating women could explain its higher lipoprotein lipase activity and tendency to accumulate fat.	Adenosine	3-12	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	185-203
3394472-5	1988	As adenosine is a locally acting insulin-like effector, these results suggest that the higher adenosine content in femoral adipose tissue in menstruating women could explain its higher lipoprotein lipase activity and tendency to accumulate fat.	Adenosine	94-103	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	185-203
3598576-6	1987	Ad-bound SAH hydrolase activity estimated by the inhibition of methylation in the presence of Hcys was located in the membrane fractions including synaptosomes, myelin, and microsomes (about 70%), but the SAH hydrolase activity estimated on the basis of the inhibitory effect of the combination of both Ad and Hcys was localized exclusively in the soluble fraction (about 90%).	Adenosine	0-2	acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 3	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
3598576-6	1987	Ad-bound SAH hydrolase activity estimated by the inhibition of methylation in the presence of Hcys was located in the membrane fractions including synaptosomes, myelin, and microsomes (about 70%), but the SAH hydrolase activity estimated on the basis of the inhibitory effect of the combination of both Ad and Hcys was localized exclusively in the soluble fraction (about 90%).	Adenosine	0-2	acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 3	Rattus norvegicus	205-208
3656177-10	1987	Exposure of the neurones to adenosine prior to or during application of bombesin, GRP, VIP, CCK or histamine blocked the actions of these substances.	Adenosine	28-37	gastrin-releasing peptide	Cavia porcellus	82-85
3574293-1	1987	Adenosine dialdehyde (2"-O-[(R)-formyl(adenin-9-yl)methyl]-(R)-glyceraldehyde), formed by periodate oxidation of adenosine, is a potent inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (EC 3.3.1.1.)	Adenosine	113-122	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	149-181
3558500-4	1987	In separate groups of piglets, the adenosine concentration in the cisterna magna CSF under normoxic conditions was 0.04 +/- 0.01 microM (n = 5), which increased significantly to 0.17 +/- 0.04 microM (n = 6) with hypoxia (PaO2 = 4.7 +/- 1.2 mm Hg).	Adenosine	35-44	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	81-84
2442109-6	1987	Isoprinosine and inosine and, more markedly, adenosine, augmented interleukin-2 activity in concanavalin A supernatants of spleen cells from the same animals.	Adenosine	45-54	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	66-79
3012799-3	1986	Results of our studies show that 31 of the 32 independently selected class A AK- mutants (obtained at high frequency in presence of adenosine analogs toyocamycin, tubercidin, 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside, or pyrazofurin and containing no measurable activity of AK in cell extracts) contained similar amounts of a specific CRP as seen in the parental AK+ cells.	Adenosine	132-141	adenosine kinase	Cricetulus griseus	77-79
3011453-3	1986	At higher concentrations, adenosine derivatives inhibited contractile responses to nerve stimulation in both proliferative and secretory phase, with the potency order: 5"-N-ethylcarboxamideadenosine (NECA) greater than or equal to L-PIA much greater than D-PIA.	Adenosine	26-35	RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2	Homo sapiens	233-236
3011453-3	1986	At higher concentrations, adenosine derivatives inhibited contractile responses to nerve stimulation in both proliferative and secretory phase, with the potency order: 5"-N-ethylcarboxamideadenosine (NECA) greater than or equal to L-PIA much greater than D-PIA.	Adenosine	26-35	RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2	Homo sapiens	257-260
3741629-2	1986	The method is based on the formation of S-adenosylhomocysteine from adenosine and homocysteine through the catalysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (EC 3.3.1.1), followed by its separation by high-performance liquid chromatography.	Adenosine	68-77	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	120-152
3457563-1	1986	3-Deazaneplanocin, a new carbocyclic analog of adenosine, was synthesized as an inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase.	Adenosine	47-56	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	93-125
2984303-6	1985	Other purine nucleosides, e.g., guanosine, and several purine and ribosemodified structural analogues of adenosine also inhibited zymosan-stimulated beta-galactosidase secretion, while xanthosine and certain pyrimidine nucleosides, e.g., thymidine, were inactive in this respect.	Adenosine	105-114	galactosidase, beta 1	Mus musculus	149-167
2581895-1	1985	Antibodies to adenosine were elicited in rabbits using a conjugate of adenosine (periodate oxidized) and bovine serum albumin as immunogen.	Adenosine	14-23	albumin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	112-125
6389178-0	1984	Stimulatory effects of adenosine, adenosine analogs and insulin on adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity and their prevention by phosphodiesterase inhibitors.	Adenosine	23-32	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	82-100
6389178-0	1984	Stimulatory effects of adenosine, adenosine analogs and insulin on adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity and their prevention by phosphodiesterase inhibitors.	Adenosine	34-43	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	82-100
6389178-3	1984	As addition of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors abolishes the LPL stimulatory effects of insulin, adenosine and its analogs, this study suggests that these LPL effects are mediated through common mechanisms which are likely a decrease in cyclic AMP and an increase in LPL biosynthesis.	Adenosine	105-114	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	69-72
6389178-3	1984	As addition of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors abolishes the LPL stimulatory effects of insulin, adenosine and its analogs, this study suggests that these LPL effects are mediated through common mechanisms which are likely a decrease in cyclic AMP and an increase in LPL biosynthesis.	Adenosine	105-114	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	163-166
6389178-3	1984	As addition of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors abolishes the LPL stimulatory effects of insulin, adenosine and its analogs, this study suggests that these LPL effects are mediated through common mechanisms which are likely a decrease in cyclic AMP and an increase in LPL biosynthesis.	Adenosine	105-114	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	163-166
6333423-2	1984	The mechanism of action of the adenosine analog, neplanocin A (NPC), was investigated in human colon carcinoma cell line HT-29.	Adenosine	31-40	NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1	Homo sapiens	63-66
6093928-2	1984	This anticonvulsant effect of adenosine is observed in the absence, as well as in the presence, of chemical synaptic transmission and apparently occurs at a postsynaptic site which is most sensitive in the apical dendritic region of the CA1 pyramidal cells.	Adenosine	30-39	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	237-240
6093928-4	1984	The endogenous release of adenosine may therefore serve to tonically reduce the tendency for repetitive discharge in CA1 pyramidal cells via an interaction with a high affinity A1 receptor which appears to be preferentially localized in the apical dendrites.	Adenosine	26-35	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
6332827-2	1984	Since adenine nucleosides inhibit S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, they could potentially decrease intracellular methionine synthesis.	Adenosine	6-25	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	34-66
6086898-2	1984	As has been previously described, adenosine had a profound depressant effect on synaptic transmission at excitatory synapses on the CA1 pyramidal cells.	Adenosine	34-43	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	132-135
6264230-3	1980	Growth media of N2a cells and a variant of N2a cells deficient in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT-) contain 10-20 nM adenosine, while that of a variant deficient in adenosine kinase (AK-) is elevated severalfold.	Adenosine	139-148	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	66-112
6264230-3	1980	Growth media of N2a cells and a variant of N2a cells deficient in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT-) contain 10-20 nM adenosine, while that of a variant deficient in adenosine kinase (AK-) is elevated severalfold.	Adenosine	139-148	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	114-120
230859-0	1979	5"-Nucleotidase-facilitated adenosine transport by mouse lymphocytes.	Adenosine	28-37	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-15
569839-2	1978	Antibodies directed against adenosine (titer 1:400--1:700) were obtained by immunizing rabbits with adenosine, conjugated via its vicinal hydroxyl groups to bovine serum albumin (periodate oxidation).	Adenosine	28-37	albumin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	164-177
569839-2	1978	Antibodies directed against adenosine (titer 1:400--1:700) were obtained by immunizing rabbits with adenosine, conjugated via its vicinal hydroxyl groups to bovine serum albumin (periodate oxidation).	Adenosine	100-109	albumin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	164-177
4592651-0	1973	Effect of adenosine on methionyl-tRNA synthetase.	Adenosine	10-19	methionyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	23-48
33373678-3	2021	We subjected homozygous C-allele carriers of ADORA2A (gene encoding adenosine A2A receptors) to 5 nights of only 5 h time-in-bed.	Adenosine	68-77	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	45-52
33882686-5	2021	We load the gel with an ecto-nucleotidase, CD73, which catalyzes adenosine production from phosphorylated substrates, and use the CD73-loaded gel to generate adenosine in vitro and inhibit neutrophils" oxidative burst.	Adenosine	65-74	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	43-47
33882686-5	2021	We load the gel with an ecto-nucleotidase, CD73, which catalyzes adenosine production from phosphorylated substrates, and use the CD73-loaded gel to generate adenosine in vitro and inhibit neutrophils" oxidative burst.	Adenosine	158-167	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	43-47
33882686-5	2021	We load the gel with an ecto-nucleotidase, CD73, which catalyzes adenosine production from phosphorylated substrates, and use the CD73-loaded gel to generate adenosine in vitro and inhibit neutrophils" oxidative burst.	Adenosine	158-167	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	130-134
33882686-6	2021	When delivered in vivo, the CD73 hydrogel augments adenosine levels in hindlimb skeletal muscles 24 hours after induction of peripheral arterial ischemia and increases lower limb perfusion compared with control gel in healthy mice on laser Doppler imaging.	Adenosine	51-60	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	28-32
34058194-9	2021	As observed in diabetic db/db mice, lean mice treated with 5"-AMP displayed enhanced Foxo1 transcription, involving an increase in cellular adenosine levels and a decrease in the S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio.	Adenosine	140-149	forkhead box O1	Mus musculus	85-90
34050151-4	2021	Mechanistically, human A2AR-edited CAR T cells are significantly resistant to adenosine-mediated transcriptional changes, resulting in enhanced production of cytokines including IFNgamma and TNF, and increased expression of JAK-STAT signaling pathway associated genes.	Adenosine	78-87	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	23-27
34022057-1	2021	RNA editing by the ADAR enzymes converts selected adenosines into inosines, biological mimics for guanosines.	Adenosine	50-60	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	19-23
34029272-6	2021	PR was measured using impedance aggregometer using three different platelet aggregation agonists (arachidonic acid in ASPItest, adenosine diphosphate in ADPtest and thrombin receptor activating peptide 6 in TRAPtest).	Adenosine	128-137	transmembrane protein 37	Homo sapiens	0-2
34054416-8	2021	Adenosine can act as a homeostatic modulator and also as a neuromodulator at the synaptic level, through the activation of adenosine receptors, mainly of A1R and A2A R subtypes.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	162-167
34054416-8	2021	Adenosine can act as a homeostatic modulator and also as a neuromodulator at the synaptic level, through the activation of adenosine receptors, mainly of A1R and A2A R subtypes.	Adenosine	123-132	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	162-167
33939417-3	2021	Here we use structural information available for ADAR2-RNA complexes to guide the design of nucleoside analogs for the position in the guide strand that contacts a conserved glutamic acid residue in ADARs (E488 in human ADAR2), which flips the adenosine into the ADAR active site for deamination.	Adenosine	244-253	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	49-53
33161021-2	2021	ATP is released from cells under physiologic and pathophysiologic condition; extracellular ATP is rapidly degraded to adenosine 5"-diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine by ecto-enzymes (mainly, CD39 and CD73).	Adenosine	118-127	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	188-192
33161021-2	2021	ATP is released from cells under physiologic and pathophysiologic condition; extracellular ATP is rapidly degraded to adenosine 5"-diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine by ecto-enzymes (mainly, CD39 and CD73).	Adenosine	153-162	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	188-192
33872606-3	2021	In this study, the crystal structure of SULT2A8 in complex with adenosine 3",5"-diphosphate and cholic acid was resolved at 2.5 A resolution.	Adenosine	64-73	sulfotransferase family 2A, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-preferring, member 8	Mus musculus	40-47
33935801-1	2021	Adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) and dopamine D2 receptors (D2R) are known to be involved in the physiological response to hypoxia, and their expression/activity may be modulated by chronic sustained or intermittent hypoxia.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	25-29
33889292-0	2021	Vascular endothelial growth factor B inhibits insulin secretion in MIN6 cells and reduces Ca2+ and cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels through PI3K/AKT pathway.	Adenosine	106-115	vascular endothelial growth factor B	Mus musculus	0-36
33919717-3	2021	TRIT1 is the enzyme responsible for the hypermodification of adenosine 37 in the anticodon region of human tRNAs containing serine and selenocysteine.	Adenosine	61-70	tRNA isopentenyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
33829643-2	2021	METHODS: The relationship of tau phosphorylation to calcium-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) dysregulation was analyzed in aging rhesus macaque dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and rat primary cortical neurons using biochemistry and immuno-electron microscopy.	Adenosine	67-76	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	29-32
33388477-0	2021	Characterization of the immune landscape of EGFR-mutant NSCLC identifies CD73/adenosine pathway as a potential therapeutic target.	Adenosine	78-87	epidermal growth factor receptor	Mus musculus	44-48
33388477-0	2021	Characterization of the immune landscape of EGFR-mutant NSCLC identifies CD73/adenosine pathway as a potential therapeutic target.	Adenosine	78-87	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	73-77
33388477-5	2021	In an analysis of 75 immune checkpoint genes, the top up-regulated genes in the EGFR-mutant tumors (NT5E and ADORA1) belonged to the CD73/adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	138-147	epidermal growth factor receptor	Mus musculus	80-84
33388477-5	2021	In an analysis of 75 immune checkpoint genes, the top up-regulated genes in the EGFR-mutant tumors (NT5E and ADORA1) belonged to the CD73/adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	138-147	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	100-104
33388477-5	2021	In an analysis of 75 immune checkpoint genes, the top up-regulated genes in the EGFR-mutant tumors (NT5E and ADORA1) belonged to the CD73/adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	138-147	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	133-137
33388477-8	2021	In an immune-competent mouse model of EGFR-mutant lung cancer, the CD73/adenosine pathway was markedly upregulated and CD73 blockade significantly inhibited tumor growth.	Adenosine	72-81	epidermal growth factor receptor	Mus musculus	38-42
33388477-8	2021	In an immune-competent mouse model of EGFR-mutant lung cancer, the CD73/adenosine pathway was markedly upregulated and CD73 blockade significantly inhibited tumor growth.	Adenosine	72-81	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	67-71
33388477-10	2021	We identified the CD73/adenosine pathway as a potential therapeutic target for EGFR-mutant NSCLC.	Adenosine	23-32	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	18-22
33388477-10	2021	We identified the CD73/adenosine pathway as a potential therapeutic target for EGFR-mutant NSCLC.	Adenosine	23-32	epidermal growth factor receptor	Mus musculus	79-83
33781748-4	2021	We found that adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR1) was involved in the circadian regulation of P-gp expression in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTECs).	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	49-54
33781748-6	2021	Although ADAR1 catalyzes adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) substrates, no significant ADAR1-regulated editing sites were detected in the human ABCB1 transcripts in RPTECs.	Adenosine	25-34	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	9-14
33755785-3	2021	Adenosine-mediated coronary microvascular tone and reactive hyperemia are through receptors mainly involving A2AR activation on both endothelial and smooth muscle cells, but also involving interaction among other ARs.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	109-113
33740184-6	2021	The possible role of ectonucleotidases, such as CD39 and CD73, which have the function of dephosphorylating ATP in an immunosuppressive component, adenosine, are also covered in detail.	Adenosine	147-156	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
33693864-11	2021	Phosphorylated mammalian targets of rapamycin and AKT were downregulated, but phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase was upregulated in the HFD + MFGM group as compared to the HFD group (P < 0.05).	Adenosine	93-102	milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing	Homo sapiens	171-175
32593192-2	2021	An adenosine deaminase encoded by RNA1 (ADAR1 or DSRAD) located on chromosome 1q21.3 was identified to be the responsible gene.	Adenosine	3-12	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	40-45
32593192-2	2021	An adenosine deaminase encoded by RNA1 (ADAR1 or DSRAD) located on chromosome 1q21.3 was identified to be the responsible gene.	Adenosine	3-12	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	49-54
33508418-3	2021	Meanwhile, the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPARalpha) blocker, GW6471, with the Adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, AICAR, were applied in vitro study to clarify the role of PPARalpha/SREBP-1c/FAS/GPAT/AMPK signal pathway in the process.	Adenosine	96-105	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	59-68
33508418-3	2021	Meanwhile, the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPARalpha) blocker, GW6471, with the Adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, AICAR, were applied in vitro study to clarify the role of PPARalpha/SREBP-1c/FAS/GPAT/AMPK signal pathway in the process.	Adenosine	96-105	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	230-239
33508418-3	2021	Meanwhile, the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPARalpha) blocker, GW6471, with the Adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, AICAR, were applied in vitro study to clarify the role of PPARalpha/SREBP-1c/FAS/GPAT/AMPK signal pathway in the process.	Adenosine	96-105	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	240-248
33137360-10	2021	Mechanistic studies demonstrated that autocrine GM-CSF released by tumor-stimulated Mphi could enhance A2A receptor expression on Mphi and function synergistically with adenosine to elicit Mphi proliferation in HCC.	Adenosine	169-178	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	48-54
33137360-12	2021	Tumor-derived adenosine functions synergistically with autocrine GM-CSF released from activated Mphi, which promotes Mphi proliferation.	Adenosine	14-23	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	65-71
33612104-2	2021	METHODS: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in J774A.1 cells and THP-1 macrophages was used as an in vitro model of inflammation.	Adenosine	34-43	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	71-76
33531346-8	2021	Compromised leukemogenesis resulted from defective glucose uptake and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in PON2-deficient murine and human B-ALL cells.	Adenosine	70-79	paraoxonase 2	Mus musculus	113-117
33566152-1	2021	PURPOSE: Phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) is an enzyme that selectively hydrolyses cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and its dysfunction is implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases.	Adenosine	84-93	phosphodiesterase 7A	Homo sapiens	9-28
33566152-1	2021	PURPOSE: Phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) is an enzyme that selectively hydrolyses cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and its dysfunction is implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases.	Adenosine	84-93	phosphodiesterase 7A	Homo sapiens	30-34
33564128-7	2021	Adenosine-induced MDSCs from PBMCs induced indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression and enhanced arginase I expression in monocytes.	Adenosine	0-9	indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	43-70
33564128-7	2021	Adenosine-induced MDSCs from PBMCs induced indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression and enhanced arginase I expression in monocytes.	Adenosine	0-9	indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	72-75
33564128-12	2021	IMPACT: Immune effector cells, that is, monocytes, T cells and MDSCs from cord blood express ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 and may thus serve as a source for adenosine as an immunomodulatory metabolite.	Adenosine	160-169	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	111-115
33564128-14	2021	Adenosine upregulates expression of IDO in MDSCs and monocytes potentially contributing to their suppressive activity.	Adenosine	0-9	indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	36-39
32770173-6	2021	We found that diabetic mice with SIRT3 deficiency exhibited aggravated cardiac dysfunction, increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in the serum, decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level in the myocardium, exacerbated myocardial injury, and promoted myocardial reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation.	Adenosine	160-169	sirtuin 3	Mus musculus	33-38
33226134-2	2021	Adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 (AMPD1) catalyzes the deamination of adenosine monophosphate to inosine monophosphate in skeletal muscle and is the rate-limiting step in the purine nucleotide cycle.	Adenosine	73-82	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Gallus gallus	0-35
33226134-2	2021	Adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 (AMPD1) catalyzes the deamination of adenosine monophosphate to inosine monophosphate in skeletal muscle and is the rate-limiting step in the purine nucleotide cycle.	Adenosine	73-82	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Gallus gallus	37-42
32648591-0	2021	The role of the CD39-CD73-adenosine pathway in liver disease.	Adenosine	26-35	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	16-20
32648591-2	2021	The ectonucleotidases CD39/ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 and CD73/ecto-5"-nucleotidase are cell-surface enzymes that breakdown extracellular ATP into adenosine.	Adenosine	169-178	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
32648591-2	2021	The ectonucleotidases CD39/ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 and CD73/ecto-5"-nucleotidase are cell-surface enzymes that breakdown extracellular ATP into adenosine.	Adenosine	169-178	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	27-75
32648591-4	2021	The CD39-CD73-adenosine pathway changes dynamically with the pathophysiological context in which it is embedded.	Adenosine	14-23	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
32648591-6	2021	Recent studies have shown that the modification of the CD39-CD73-adenosine pathway alters the liver"s response to injury.	Adenosine	65-74	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	55-59
32648591-8	2021	In this review, we aim to describe the role of the CD39-CD73-adenosine pathway and adenosine receptors in liver disease, highlighting potential therapeutic targets in this pathway, which will facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of liver disease.	Adenosine	61-70	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
33628101-7	2021	ICG001, a canonical Wnt signaling inhibitor that selectively inhibits beta-catenin/ cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CBP) interaction, significantly inhibited cancer cell invasion and Wnt signaling.	Adenosine	91-100	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	70-82
33220262-1	2021	Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone that assists protein folding in an Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent way.	Adenosine	90-99	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	0-21
33220262-1	2021	Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone that assists protein folding in an Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent way.	Adenosine	90-99	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
33553158-2	2020	Regulatory/effector cell balance is governed by the CD39 ectonucleotidase, the prototype member of the NTPDase family that hydrolyzes ATP and ADP into AMP, subsequently converted into adenosine by CD73.	Adenosine	184-193	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	52-56
33465799-4	2021	Platelets activation, measured by procaspase activating compound-1 and P-selectin expression (CD62P), after activation by adenosine diphosphate and thrombin receptor activator peptide, were decreased by protamine.	Adenosine	122-131	selectin P	Homo sapiens	71-81
33465799-4	2021	Platelets activation, measured by procaspase activating compound-1 and P-selectin expression (CD62P), after activation by adenosine diphosphate and thrombin receptor activator peptide, were decreased by protamine.	Adenosine	122-131	selectin P	Homo sapiens	94-99
33121948-6	2021	C57BL/6 J mice were intraperitoneally injected with CD73 inhibitor Adenosine 5"-(alpha, beta-methylene) diphosphate sodium salt (APCP) from 5th week to the 8th week in the development of ALF.	Adenosine	67-76	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	52-56
33414479-7	2021	Additionally, reduction of LPS/adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-induced IL-1beta production and caspase-1 activation by IL-10 was reversed in BMDM from AIM-/- mice.	Adenosine	31-40	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	68-76
33123998-1	2021	Adenosine, deriving from ATP released by dying cancer cells and then degradated in the tumor environment by CD39/CD73 enzyme axis, is linked to the generation of an immunosuppressed niche favoring the onset of neoplasia.	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	108-112
33539025-5	2021	These include mechanisms that were conserved during evolution but have gained special features in multicellular eukaryotes, such as pathways regulated by eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF-2)-alpha kinase (GCN2, also named general control nonderepressible 2 kinase), 5"-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and target of rapamycin (TOR).The interplay between IDO-1 and above-mentioned pathway seems to be highly context dependent.	Adenosine	283-292	indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	397-402
33186592-2	2021	Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an important metabolic regulator, has been implicated in regulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity.	Adenosine	0-9	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	125-158
33290908-7	2021	Four triazole-modified anti-miRs showed higher potency than anti-miR21 bearing a 3" adenosine.	Adenosine	84-93	microRNA 21	Homo sapiens	65-70
33148660-3	2021	Loss of ZMYND8 triggered activation of the DNA sensor cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase in micronuclei, leading to further activation of the downstream signaling effectors stimulator of interferon genes and NF-kappaB, but not TANK-binding kinase 1 and interferon regulatory factor 3, thereby inducing the expression of interferon-beta and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in breast cancer cells in vitro and tumors in vivo.	Adenosine	85-94	zinc finger, MYND-type containing 8	Mus musculus	8-14
33355311-8	2021	Biochemical data suggest that ADR-1, a deaminase-deficient member of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) family, is competing with ADR-2 for binding to specific transcripts early in development.	Adenosine	73-82	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	108-112
33355311-8	2021	Biochemical data suggest that ADR-1, a deaminase-deficient member of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) family, is competing with ADR-2 for binding to specific transcripts early in development.	Adenosine	73-82	Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase adr-2	Caenorhabditis elegans	140-145
33017609-7	2021	In silico molecular docking analysis predicted a model where galloylated catechins may bind TGF-betaR1 within its adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cleft in a site analogous to that of Galunisertib, a selective ATP-mimetic competitive inhibitor of TGF-betaR1.	Adenosine	114-123	transcription factor 20	Homo sapiens	96-102
33835460-0	2021	MeT-DB V2.0: Elucidating Context-Specific Functions of N6-Methyl-Adenosine Methyltranscriptome.	Adenosine	65-74	SAFB like transcription modulator	Homo sapiens	0-3
33835460-3	2021	In this chapter, we present a comprehensive platform MeT-DB V2.0 for elucidating context-specific functions of N6-methyl-adenosine methyltranscriptome.	Adenosine	121-130	SAFB like transcription modulator	Homo sapiens	53-56
33127810-2	2021	This work aimed to investigate the role of Sirtuin3 (SIRT3), an nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide+-dependent histone deacetylase, in the development of neuropathic pain induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to explore the associated mechanisms.	Adenosine	77-86	sirtuin 3	Rattus norvegicus	43-51
33127810-2	2021	This work aimed to investigate the role of Sirtuin3 (SIRT3), an nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide+-dependent histone deacetylase, in the development of neuropathic pain induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to explore the associated mechanisms.	Adenosine	77-86	sirtuin 3	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
32961376-4	2021	This immune privilege depends on cell-surface ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73 on niche Tregs, which generate extracellular adenosine, a nucleotide known to suppress immunity and potentiate Tregs.	Adenosine	117-126	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	58-62
33353046-7	2020	Treatment of glial cultures from wild-type (WT) mice with LPS followed by extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced the release of IL-1beta, which was reversed by melatonin pretreatment.	Adenosine	88-97	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	141-149
33488292-3	2020	To determine whether CD39 and CD73, which participate in the production of immunosuppressive adenosine (Ado), are involved in the progression of CC, we compared the concentrations and hydrolytic activity of these ectonucleotidases in platelet-free plasma (PFP) samples between patients with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) (n = 18), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) (n = 12), and CC (n = 19) and normal donors (NDs) (n = 15).	Adenosine	93-102	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	21-25
33488292-3	2020	To determine whether CD39 and CD73, which participate in the production of immunosuppressive adenosine (Ado), are involved in the progression of CC, we compared the concentrations and hydrolytic activity of these ectonucleotidases in platelet-free plasma (PFP) samples between patients with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) (n = 18), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) (n = 12), and CC (n = 19) and normal donors (NDs) (n = 15).	Adenosine	104-107	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	21-25
33276724-6	2020	The allodynia was assessed by mechanical and thermal thresholds, and central sensitization was assessed by expression of the phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB) at Serine 133(pCREB-S133) and c-Fos.	Adenosine	151-160	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	216-220
33344462-2	2020	Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) is the first adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-generating glycolytic enzyme in the aerobic glycolysis pathway and plays an important role in cancer development and progression.	Adenosine	46-55	phosphoglycerate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-25
33344462-2	2020	Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) is the first adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-generating glycolytic enzyme in the aerobic glycolysis pathway and plays an important role in cancer development and progression.	Adenosine	46-55	phosphoglycerate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
33343573-3	2020	Bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) do not constantly express CD73; however, a significant portion of the BMDCs expressed CD73 after exposure to Toll-like receptor ligand, leading to stronger Th17 responses by converting adenosine monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	248-257	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	122-126
33035507-10	2020	In addition, suppression of SAHH by siRNA or treatment with adenosine dialdehyde, another SAHH inhibitor, showed inhibitory patterns against p-ERK and IkappaBalpha similar to those of 3-DA.	Adenosine	60-69	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	90-94
33035507-10	2020	In addition, suppression of SAHH by siRNA or treatment with adenosine dialdehyde, another SAHH inhibitor, showed inhibitory patterns against p-ERK and IkappaBalpha similar to those of 3-DA.	Adenosine	60-69	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	28-32
33030684-6	2020	Binding to the G protein-coupled receptor composited by calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) on cellular surface, CGRP triggers various intracellular signaling cascades involving cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB).	Adenosine	240-249	receptor activity modifying protein 1	Homo sapiens	101-138
33030684-6	2020	Binding to the G protein-coupled receptor composited by calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) on cellular surface, CGRP triggers various intracellular signaling cascades involving cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB).	Adenosine	240-249	receptor activity modifying protein 1	Homo sapiens	140-145
33299899-4	2020	In particular, we focus on the interaction of the extracellular nucleotide adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with its receptors P2X1, P2X4, P2X7, P2Y1, and P2Y2 and of adenosine (Ado) with A2A and A3 receptors, as well as their roles in host immune responses.	Adenosine	75-84	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Homo sapiens	141-145
32728220-3	2020	Now, inhibitors of the ectonucleotidase CD39, the rate-limiting enzyme in the conversion of ATP to immunomodulatory adenosine, are entering clinical trials.	Adenosine	116-125	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	40-44
32728220-5	2020	Recent findings reveal multipronged mechanisms of action of CD39 antagonism that rely not only on preventing the accumulation of adenosine but also on the stabilization of pro-inflammatory extracellular ATP to restore antitumour immunity.	Adenosine	129-138	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
32920012-3	2020	Here, we assessed the role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) in Sb-induced neuronal damage.	Adenosine	37-46	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-99
32772144-2	2020	This study analyzed whether an adenosine A(2A) agonist would alleviate deficits in sensorimotor gating and increases in cyclic-AMP response element binding protein (CREB) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in the neonatal quinpirole model of schizophrenia (SZ).	Adenosine	31-40	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-163
32772144-2	2020	This study analyzed whether an adenosine A(2A) agonist would alleviate deficits in sensorimotor gating and increases in cyclic-AMP response element binding protein (CREB) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in the neonatal quinpirole model of schizophrenia (SZ).	Adenosine	31-40	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	165-169
32817447-1	2020	In addition to adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing activities, ADAR1 has been shown to have various RNA editing independent activities including modulation of RNAi efficacy.	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	60-65
33325366-3	2020	On the other hand, it plays an anti-inflammatory role through conversion to adenosine by CD39 and CD73 on the cell surface and acting via adenosine receptor (P1 purinergic receptor).	Adenosine	76-85	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	89-93
33325366-8	2020	In this review, we summarize that CD39/CD73 synergistically regulates the balance of extracellular ATP and adenosine, thus influencing immune cell functions through P2 receptor and P1 receptor signaling pathway.	Adenosine	107-116	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	34-38
33328996-3	2020	Early studies performed to clarify the role of extracellular adenosine in the airways highlighted the importance of adenosine-generating enzymes CD73, together with CD39, as an innate protection system against lung injury.	Adenosine	116-125	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	145-149
33324842-4	2020	We found that CR, BR, and AU retain selective U"s natural H-bonds with adenosine vs guanosine.	Adenosine	71-80	chromosome 12 open reading frame 73	Homo sapiens	18-20
32786396-2	2020	Blocking adenosine production by inhibiting nucleotide-metabolizing enzymes, such as ecto-nucleotidases CD73 and CD39, represents a promising therapeutic strategy that may synergize with other immuno-oncology mechanisms and chemotherapies.	Adenosine	9-18	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	113-117
33214998-1	2020	AIM: To measure the expression of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) in the rat cornea and determine whether it is related to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation in a rat model of acute ocular hypertension (AOH).	Adenosine	164-173	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4	Rattus norvegicus	100-105
32901500-2	2020	In this study, apelin-13, an aliphatic peptide, was used to explore the protective effects of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR signaling pathway on Cx43 expression and autophagy, using murine atrial HL-1 cells.	Adenosine	98-107	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	154-158
33184208-2	2020	We identified the vesicle-trafficking regulator GNOM and its suppressor, ADENOSINE PHOSPHATE RIBOSYLATION FACTOR GTPase ACTIVATION PROTEIN DOMAIN3, as root clock regulators.	Adenosine	73-82	sec7 domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	48-52
33136401-1	2020	Myosin regulates muscle function through a complex cycle of conformational rearrangements coupled with the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).	Adenosine	121-130	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	0-6
32954854-1	2020	To investigate the mechanism of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) via regulation of N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) and relevant genes, IRI was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats, and urine and serum creatinine levels and tissue structure changes were observed.	Adenosine	100-109	glycoprotein m6a	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
32743802-8	2020	CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that acute restraint stress may alter extracellular adenosine and uridine levels content in the hippocampus of mice via e5NT, and thus, the inhibition of e5NT may improve the anxiety behaviour in mice.	Adenosine	84-93	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	186-190
33349579-3	2020	Among these, adenosine is the most relevant, acting through its adenosine A2A receptor.	Adenosine	13-22	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	64-86
33092298-1	2020	Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic conditions that can benefit from the combined treatment of adenosine receptor agonists and hyaluronic acid (HA), which, binding the CD44, has pro-survival effects.	Adenosine	106-115	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	179-183
33086655-8	2020	Targeting the CD73-adenosine axis in the tumor microenvironment offers an attractive pathway for therapeutic strategies aimed at advanced PTC.	Adenosine	19-28	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	14-18
32989163-2	2020	Two major human AlkB family members, FTO and ALKBH5, both act as oxidative demethylases of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) but furnish different major products, N6-hydroxymethyladenosine (hm6A) and adenosine (A), respectively.	Adenosine	100-109	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	37-40
33049993-1	2020	The motor protein myosin drives a wide range of cellular and muscular functions by generating directed movement and force, fueled through adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis.	Adenosine	138-147	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	18-24
33090698-3	2020	Studies have shown that methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), a major RNA N (6)-adenosine methyltransferase, is closely related to the initiation and development of cancers.	Adenosine	77-86	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	24-48
33090698-3	2020	Studies have shown that methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), a major RNA N (6)-adenosine methyltransferase, is closely related to the initiation and development of cancers.	Adenosine	77-86	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	50-56
33031409-2	2020	Considering the severity of the disease and the lack of active treatments, 14 patients with Covid-19 and severe lung inflammation received inhaled adenosine in the attempt to therapeutically compensate for the oxygen-related loss of the endogenous adenosine A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR)-mediated mitigation of the lung-destructing inflammatory damage.	Adenosine	147-156	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	282-286
33146290-10	2020	Interestingly, direct injection of adenosine A1 or substance P receptor antagonists, or dorsal nerve root transection could significantly impair electroacupuncture induced analgesic actions in Complete Freund"s Adjuvant rats could and reduce the levels of substance P, neurokinin-1 receptor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6 and CD68.	Adenosine	35-44	tachykinin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	269-290
32367186-3	2020	Genetic variants of the adenosine receptor A2a (ADORA2A gene), located in the coronary circulation, have been involved in the modulation of the hyperemic response to adenosine.	Adenosine	24-33	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	48-55
32755765-2	2020	Elevated expression of CD73 and CD39 is correlated with the over-production of adenosine in the tumor region.	Adenosine	79-88	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
32755765-4	2020	Adenosine promotes these behaviors through interaction with four adenosine receptors, including A3R, A2BR, A2AR, and A1R.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	107-111
32755765-6	2020	Several studies have been shown the important role of adenosine/CD73/CD39/ARs axis in the immunopathogenesis of colorectal cancer.	Adenosine	54-63	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	69-73
32269319-6	2020	Pharmacological inhibition of A2AR overcame the adenosine-mediated negative regulation of ADCP by rituximab in a xeno-transplanted lymphoma model.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	30-34
32650197-2	2020	Adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR), expressed by a wide range of immune cells, as well as endothelial cells and platelets, exert cAMP-mediated anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects that potentially could be highly protective in this regard.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	10-23
32650197-2	2020	Adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR), expressed by a wide range of immune cells, as well as endothelial cells and platelets, exert cAMP-mediated anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects that potentially could be highly protective in this regard.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	25-29
32650197-3	2020	The venerable drug pentoxifylline (PTX) exerts both anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects that reflect its ability to boost the responsiveness of A2AR to extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	175-184	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	153-157
32999463-5	2020	ATP triggers the recruitment of microglial protrusions and is converted by the microglial ATP/ADP hydrolysing ectoenzyme CD39 into AMP; AMP is then converted into adenosine by CD73, which is expressed on microglia as well as other brain cells.	Adenosine	163-172	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	176-180
32918234-7	2020	Further administration of adenylyl cyclase (AC) inhibitor and sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) CRISPR activator suggested that the AC-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) axis participated in PACAP signaling after SAH, which inhibited the expression of edema-related proteins, SUR1 and aquaporin-4 (AQP4), through SUR1 phosphorylation.	Adenosine	139-148	aquaporin 4	Rattus norvegicus	308-319
32918234-7	2020	Further administration of adenylyl cyclase (AC) inhibitor and sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) CRISPR activator suggested that the AC-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) axis participated in PACAP signaling after SAH, which inhibited the expression of edema-related proteins, SUR1 and aquaporin-4 (AQP4), through SUR1 phosphorylation.	Adenosine	139-148	aquaporin 4	Rattus norvegicus	321-325
33117358-5	2020	Adenosine signals through adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) to suppress anti-tumor and anti-pathogen immune responses.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	51-55
33117358-5	2020	Adenosine signals through adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) to suppress anti-tumor and anti-pathogen immune responses.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	51-55
33117358-6	2020	Several classes of anti-hypoxia-A2AR therapeutics have been offered to refractory cancer patients, with A2AR blockers, inhibitors of adenosine-generating enzymes such as CD39 and CD73, and hypoxia-targeting drugs now reaching the clinical stage.	Adenosine	133-142	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	32-36
33117358-7	2020	Clinical results have confirmed preclinical observations that blockade of the hypoxia-adenosine-A2AR axis synergizes with inhibitors of immune checkpoints to induce tumor rejection.	Adenosine	86-95	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	96-100
32998232-7	2020	Therefore, estrogen regulates the expression and/or pro-angiogenic activity of A2A adenosine receptors, likely involving activation of ERalpha and ERbeta receptors.	Adenosine	83-92	estrogen receptor 1 (alpha)	Mus musculus	147-153
32898178-2	2020	Under homeostatic conditions aberrant activation of melanoma differentiation-associated protein-5 (MDA5) is prevented through editing of endogenous dsRNA by RNA editing enzyme Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA (ADAR1).	Adenosine	176-185	interferon induced with helicase C domain 1	Homo sapiens	52-97
32898178-2	2020	Under homeostatic conditions aberrant activation of melanoma differentiation-associated protein-5 (MDA5) is prevented through editing of endogenous dsRNA by RNA editing enzyme Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA (ADAR1).	Adenosine	176-185	interferon induced with helicase C domain 1	Homo sapiens	99-103
32898178-2	2020	Under homeostatic conditions aberrant activation of melanoma differentiation-associated protein-5 (MDA5) is prevented through editing of endogenous dsRNA by RNA editing enzyme Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA (ADAR1).	Adenosine	176-185	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	211-216
32739778-2	2020	The ectonucleotidase CD39 degrades extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine monophosphate (AMP), which is degraded to adenosine by CD73.	Adenosine	49-58	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	21-25
32739778-2	2020	The ectonucleotidase CD39 degrades extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine monophosphate (AMP), which is degraded to adenosine by CD73.	Adenosine	81-90	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	21-25
32739778-2	2020	The ectonucleotidase CD39 degrades extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine monophosphate (AMP), which is degraded to adenosine by CD73.	Adenosine	81-90	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	21-25
32739778-3	2020	Adenosine binds to, e.g., the A2a receptor (A2aR), which reportedly suppresses effector immune cells.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	30-42
32739778-3	2020	Adenosine binds to, e.g., the A2a receptor (A2aR), which reportedly suppresses effector immune cells.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	44-48
32739778-11	2020	Therefore, inhibition of CD39 and/or CD73 has evident advantages over A2aR blockade to fully revert suppression of antitumor immune responses by the adenosine axis.	Adenosine	149-158	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	25-29
32017200-3	2020	We found that the progressive inability of PMNs to control infection correlated with phenotypic differences characterized by a decrease in CD73 expression, an enzyme required for production of extracellular adenosine (EAD).	Adenosine	207-216	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	139-143
33747526-0	2021	Skewed CD39/CD73/adenosine pathway contributes to B-cell hyperactivation and disease progression in patients with chronic hepatitis B.	Adenosine	17-26	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	7-11
33747526-8	2021	In vitro, B-cells from CHB patients showed a markedly reduced capacity to generate CD39/CD73-dependent extracellular adenosine and expressed increased levels of activation markers after adenosine-production blockade.	Adenosine	117-126	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	83-87
33747526-10	2021	Conclusions: The skewed CD39 and CD73 expression on B-cells was associated with a high viral burden, liver inflammation, and antiviral efficacy in CHB patients, and the skewed CD39/CD73/adenosine pathway contributed to B-cell hyperactivation.	Adenosine	186-195	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
33747526-11	2021	Regulation of the CD39/CD73/adenosine pathway using metformin may represent a therapeutic option to reverse HBV-induced immune pathogenesis.	Adenosine	28-37	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
32847424-7	2022	Also, there was a significant decrease in the activity of adenosine monophosphohydrolase (AMPase) with a simultaneous increase in activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA), adenosine triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (ATPdase), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in scopolamine-induced rats when compared with the control.	Adenosine	58-67	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	224-244
32847424-7	2022	Also, there was a significant decrease in the activity of adenosine monophosphohydrolase (AMPase) with a simultaneous increase in activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA), adenosine triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (ATPdase), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in scopolamine-induced rats when compared with the control.	Adenosine	58-67	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	246-250
32879619-6	2020	MCL also prevented LPS- and adenosine triphosphate-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vitro, as evidenced by the inhibition of NLRP3 expression, caspase-1 cleavage, and interleukin-1beta and interleukin-18 maturation and secretion.	Adenosine	28-37	interleukin 18	Rattus norvegicus	197-211
32396862-1	2020	RNA editing of adenosine to inosine (A to I) is catalyzed by ADAR1 and dramatically alters the cellular transcriptome, although its functional roles in somatic cell reprogramming are largely unexplored.	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	61-66
33029215-1	2020	Coenzyme Q9 (COQ9), a coenzyme Q (CoQ) precursor, is an essential component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain that drives adenosine triphosphate production.	Adenosine	134-143	coenzyme Q9	Bos taurus	13-17
32905549-2	2020	We have previously reported that the expression of the RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) is downregulated in metastatic melanoma, which facilitates proliferation and invasion.	Adenosine	81-90	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	74-79
32854024-4	2020	The use of gene-editing technology, commonly used in tandem with CAR and transgenic T cell receptor (TCR) based adoptive cellular therapy, offers further opportunities to specifically modulate responses to adenosine.	Adenosine	206-215	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	84-99
32854024-4	2020	The use of gene-editing technology, commonly used in tandem with CAR and transgenic T cell receptor (TCR) based adoptive cellular therapy, offers further opportunities to specifically modulate responses to adenosine.	Adenosine	206-215	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	101-104
33002857-3	2020	Pioneering work from Drs Ohta and Sitkovsky demonstrating that adenosine signaling through the adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR) inhibits T cells has led to the development of several agents designed to inhibit the production or downstream signaling of adenosine [2  ,3  ].	Adenosine	63-72	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	95-116
33002857-3	2020	Pioneering work from Drs Ohta and Sitkovsky demonstrating that adenosine signaling through the adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR) inhibits T cells has led to the development of several agents designed to inhibit the production or downstream signaling of adenosine [2  ,3  ].	Adenosine	63-72	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	118-122
33002857-3	2020	Pioneering work from Drs Ohta and Sitkovsky demonstrating that adenosine signaling through the adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR) inhibits T cells has led to the development of several agents designed to inhibit the production or downstream signaling of adenosine [2  ,3  ].	Adenosine	95-104	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	118-122
32643277-1	2020	CD73 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein that attenuates tumour immunity via cooperating with CD39 to generate immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	150-159	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	115-119
32599677-3	2020	In CAD patients, homocysteine (HCy) concentration correlates with plasma level of adenosine that controls the coronary circulation via the activation of adenosine A2A receptors (A2A R).	Adenosine	82-91	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	163-183
32599677-3	2020	In CAD patients, homocysteine (HCy) concentration correlates with plasma level of adenosine that controls the coronary circulation via the activation of adenosine A2A receptors (A2A R).	Adenosine	153-162	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	163-183
32665638-0	2020	ADAD1 and ADAD2, testis-specific adenosine deaminase domain-containing proteins, are required for male fertility.	Adenosine	33-42	adenosine deaminase domain containing 1 (testis specific)	Mus musculus	0-5
31400757-5	2020	Unlike the anticancer drugs, such as Taxol, that target the adenosine triphosphate site of beta-tubulin, this study reveals a therapeutic target, beta-tubulin/CCT-beta complex, for metastatic human lung adenocarcinoma.	Adenosine	60-69	chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 2	Homo sapiens	159-167
31693091-1	2020	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: CD39/ENTPD1 scavenges pro-inflammatory nucleotides, to ultimately generate immunosuppressive adenosine, having a central role in immune-homeostasis.	Adenosine	114-123	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	21-25
31693091-1	2020	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: CD39/ENTPD1 scavenges pro-inflammatory nucleotides, to ultimately generate immunosuppressive adenosine, having a central role in immune-homeostasis.	Adenosine	114-123	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	26-32
32647282-5	2020	Our results suggest that TRPV4-mediated release of ATP from esophageal keratinocytes contributes to a decrease in the rate of in vitro wound healing via the ATP degradation product adenosine, which acts on A2B adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	181-190	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4	Mus musculus	25-30
32647282-5	2020	Our results suggest that TRPV4-mediated release of ATP from esophageal keratinocytes contributes to a decrease in the rate of in vitro wound healing via the ATP degradation product adenosine, which acts on A2B adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	210-219	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4	Mus musculus	25-30
32384746-1	2020	Adenosine is a nucleoside that impacts the cardiovascular system via the activation of its membrane receptors, named A1R, A2AR, A2BR and A3R.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	122-126
32507359-3	2020	Genetic alterations in GNAS, PRKAR1A, PRKACA, PRKACB, PDE11A, and PDE8B, that lead to aberrant cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein (cAMP) kinase A signaling, were found to play a major role in the development of benign cortisol-producing adrenocortical tumors and/or hyperplasias, whereas genetic defects in KCNJ5, ATP1A1, ATP2B3, CACNA1D, CACNA1H, and CLCN2 were implicated in the development of benign aldosterone-producing tumors and/or hyperplasias through modification of intracellular calcium signaling.	Adenosine	102-111	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 D	Homo sapiens	334-341
32507359-3	2020	Genetic alterations in GNAS, PRKAR1A, PRKACA, PRKACB, PDE11A, and PDE8B, that lead to aberrant cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein (cAMP) kinase A signaling, were found to play a major role in the development of benign cortisol-producing adrenocortical tumors and/or hyperplasias, whereas genetic defects in KCNJ5, ATP1A1, ATP2B3, CACNA1D, CACNA1H, and CLCN2 were implicated in the development of benign aldosterone-producing tumors and/or hyperplasias through modification of intracellular calcium signaling.	Adenosine	102-111	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	356-361
32464678-3	2020	In addition, adenosine triphosphate, also contained in the platelet dense granules, activates the P2X1 cation channel.	Adenosine	13-22	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Homo sapiens	98-102
31820090-6	2020	Using an isolated cardiomyocyte model, we found inotropic and chronotropic effects, and increased calcium transient [Ca2+]i in cells treated with ADO receptor A1 or A3 antagonists compared to control groups.	Adenosine	146-149	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A8	Rattus norvegicus	150-167
32303740-7	2020	The expression levels of ATF3 and P2X3 were measured using qRT-PCR, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence analysis after adenosine 5"-diphosphate (ADP) exposure in DRG cells.	Adenosine	128-137	purinergic receptor P2X 3	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
32409420-0	2020	Conversion of ATP to adenosine by CD39 and CD73 in multiple myeloma can be successfully targeted together with adenosine receptor A2A blockade.	Adenosine	21-30	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	34-38
32409420-0	2020	Conversion of ATP to adenosine by CD39 and CD73 in multiple myeloma can be successfully targeted together with adenosine receptor A2A blockade.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	111-133
32409420-3	2020	CD39 and CD73 convert extracellular ATP to adenosine, which inhibits T-cell effector functions via the adenosine receptor A2A (A2AR).	Adenosine	43-52	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
32409420-3	2020	CD39 and CD73 convert extracellular ATP to adenosine, which inhibits T-cell effector functions via the adenosine receptor A2A (A2AR).	Adenosine	43-52	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	103-125
32409420-3	2020	CD39 and CD73 convert extracellular ATP to adenosine, which inhibits T-cell effector functions via the adenosine receptor A2A (A2AR).	Adenosine	43-52	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	127-131
32344922-3	2020	One of the dominant pathways generating extracellular adenosine involves the dephosphorylation of ATP by ecto-nucleotidases CD39 and CD73, which efficiently hydrolyze extracellular ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	54-63	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	124-128
32344922-3	2020	One of the dominant pathways generating extracellular adenosine involves the dephosphorylation of ATP by ecto-nucleotidases CD39 and CD73, which efficiently hydrolyze extracellular ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	188-197	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	124-128
32351498-2	2020	Decades of studies have paved the way for these findings, starting with the discovery of adenosine signaling, particularly adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) signaling, as a potent suppressor of tissue-devastating immune cell responses, and evolving with studies focusing on CD73 in breast cancer, melanoma, and non-small cell lung cancer.	Adenosine	89-98	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	123-145
32351498-2	2020	Decades of studies have paved the way for these findings, starting with the discovery of adenosine signaling, particularly adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) signaling, as a potent suppressor of tissue-devastating immune cell responses, and evolving with studies focusing on CD73 in breast cancer, melanoma, and non-small cell lung cancer.	Adenosine	89-98	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	147-151
32144205-10	2020	We propose that MTH1 acts in concert with adenosine deaminase-like protein isoform 1 (ADAL1) to prevent incorporation of N6-methyl-(d)ATP into DNA and RNA.	Adenosine	42-51	nudix hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	16-20
33457090-1	2020	Synthesis of extracellular adenosine by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 represents an important pathway of immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment.	Adenosine	27-36	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	62-66
31959472-3	2020	Adenosine deaminases acting on the RNA1 (ADAR1) is an RNA editing enzyme.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	41-46
32083837-0	2020	CD73 or CD39 deletion reveals different mechanisms of formation for spontaneous and mechanically-stimulated adenosine release and sex specific compensations in ATP degradation.	Adenosine	108-117	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
32083837-4	2020	Surprisingly, CD73KO mice demonstrate sex differences in spontaneous adenosine; males maintain similar event frequencies as WT, but females have significantly fewer events and lower concentrations.	Adenosine	69-78	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	14-18
32009146-7	2020	Biochemical analysis reveals that FAM46B is an active PAP, and prefers adenosine-rich substrate RNAs.	Adenosine	71-80	terminal nucleotidyltransferase 5B	Homo sapiens	34-40
31899269-0	2020	Controlled release of adenosine from core-shell nanofibers to promote bone regeneration through STAT3 signaling pathway.	Adenosine	22-31	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	96-101
31899269-6	2020	Moreover, it is the first time to confirm that Ade mediates the osteogenesis of rat BMSCs through the STAT3 signaling pathway and restrain the osteoclastogenesis of rat bone-marrow macrophages (BMMs).	Adenosine	47-50	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	102-107
32211029-2	2020	The latter is abundant in human transcriptomes in which million adenosines are deaminated into inosines by the ADAR enzymes.	Adenosine	64-74	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	111-115
32044725-1	2020	One of the most prevalent forms of post-transcriptional RNA modification is the conversion of adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I), mediated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes.	Adenosine	94-103	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	137-170
31994358-1	2020	OBJECTIVE: The adenosine A1 receptor is a Galphai/o protein-coupled receptor and inhibits upon activation cAMP formation and protein kinase A (PKA) activity.	Adenosine	15-24	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	125-141
31994358-1	2020	OBJECTIVE: The adenosine A1 receptor is a Galphai/o protein-coupled receptor and inhibits upon activation cAMP formation and protein kinase A (PKA) activity.	Adenosine	15-24	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	143-146
31978781-5	2020	In vitro screening of the virtual hits resulted in validation of 11 compounds as DOT1L inhibitors clustered into two distinct chemical classes, adenosine-based inhibitors and a new chemotype that lacks adenosine.	Adenosine	144-153	DOT1-like, histone H3 methyltransferase (S. cerevisiae)	Mus musculus	81-86
31978781-5	2020	In vitro screening of the virtual hits resulted in validation of 11 compounds as DOT1L inhibitors clustered into two distinct chemical classes, adenosine-based inhibitors and a new chemotype that lacks adenosine.	Adenosine	202-211	DOT1-like, histone H3 methyltransferase (S. cerevisiae)	Mus musculus	81-86
31355949-5	2020	We show that the loss of Lrh-1 reduces mitochondrial number, basal respiration, beta-oxidation, and adenosine triphosphate production in hepatocytes and decreases expression of mitochondrial biogenesis and beta-oxidation genes.	Adenosine	100-109	nuclear receptor subfamily 5, group A, member 2	Mus musculus	25-30
31812775-5	2020	TQ (100-300 nM) blocked ~50% of the adenosine-mediated membrane potential hyperpolarisation of hippocampal CA1 and CA2 neurons.	Adenosine	36-45	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	107-110
31971463-1	2020	Introduction: Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a surface bound ectopeptidase that is commonly known as CD26 or adenosine deaminase binding protein.	Adenosine	112-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
31971463-1	2020	Introduction: Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a surface bound ectopeptidase that is commonly known as CD26 or adenosine deaminase binding protein.	Adenosine	112-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
31973708-1	2020	BACKGROUND: It has been hypothesized that heteromers of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) and cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1R) localized in glutamatergic nerve terminals mediate the integration of adenosine and endocannabinoid signaling involved in the modulation of striatal excitatory neurotransmission.	Adenosine	56-65	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	81-85
31973708-1	2020	BACKGROUND: It has been hypothesized that heteromers of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) and cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1R) localized in glutamatergic nerve terminals mediate the integration of adenosine and endocannabinoid signaling involved in the modulation of striatal excitatory neurotransmission.	Adenosine	194-203	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	81-85
31973708-6	2020	This quaternary structure was different to the also tetrameric structure of heteromers of A2AR with adenosine A1 receptors or dopamine D2 receptors, with different heteromeric or homomeric interfaces.	Adenosine	100-109	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	90-94
32907379-0	2020	8-Chloro-Adenosine Inhibits Proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 Breast Cancer Cells by Regulating ADAR1/p53 Signaling Pathway.	Adenosine	9-18	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	102-107
32405353-1	2020	Objectives: Cyclic AMP (adenosine monophosphate) response element-binding protein (CREB) and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are reported to broadly involve in learning capacity and memory.	Adenosine	24-33	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-87
31733591-5	2020	Recently, the CD39-adenosine pathway has gained increasing attention as a crucial immunosuppressive mechanism and possible target for immunotherapy.	Adenosine	19-28	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
31930120-2	2019	Adenosine signaling via A2aR can inhibit the antitumor immune response of CD8+ T cells.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	24-28
31930120-11	2019	The process of Treg hydrolysis of ATP into adenosine was blocked by the antagonists of CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	43-52	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	87-91
31930120-13	2019	Moreover, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and perforin generated by CD8+ T cells could also be inhibited through the adenosine A2aR pathway.	Adenosine	107-116	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	117-121
31930120-15	2019	Tregs from GC can decompose ATP to adenosine and in turn induce apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of CD8+ T cells through the A2aR pathway, further leading to immune escape of GC.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	132-136
31815657-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, mediated by ADAR1 and ADAR2, occurs at tens of thousands to millions of sites across mammalian transcriptomes.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	67-72
31394204-0	2019	Synaptic and memory dysfunction in a beta-amyloid model of early Alzheimer"s disease depends on increased formation of ATP-derived extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	145-154	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	35-41
31394204-2	2019	In a beta-amyloid (Abeta1-42)-based model of early AD, we now unraveled that this involves an increased synaptic release of ATP coupled to an increased density and activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73)-mediated formation of adenosine selectively activating A2AR.	Adenosine	226-235	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	3-9
31394204-2	2019	In a beta-amyloid (Abeta1-42)-based model of early AD, we now unraveled that this involves an increased synaptic release of ATP coupled to an increased density and activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73)-mediated formation of adenosine selectively activating A2AR.	Adenosine	226-235	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	176-196
31744937-1	2019	The aging brain with mitochondrial dysfunction and a reduced adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) has been implicated in the onset and progression of beta-Amyloid (Abeta)-induced neuronal toxicity in AD.	Adenosine	61-70	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	159-164
31545998-12	2019	Moreover, the expression and concentration of A2A protein was significantly greater in the adenosine group compared to the ischemia group.	Adenosine	91-100	spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
30661450-10	2019	Some PCs inverted their direction in the presence of a ligand, and comparison of the PCs between 3EML and 3EML_ADN showed that adenosine induced major changes in the structure of A2AR.	Adenosine	127-136	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	179-183
31313387-2	2019	Its main mechanism of action has been related to the increase in extracellular adenosine, which leads to the effects of A2A receptor in M1 macrophages that dampens TNFalpha and IL12 production and increases IL1Ra and TNFRp75.	Adenosine	79-88	interleukin 1 receptor antagonist	Homo sapiens	207-212
31671624-4	2019	Under hypoxia, adenosine signaling is related to HIF-2alpha expression, enhancing cell aggressiveness.	Adenosine	15-24	endothelial PAS domain protein 1	Homo sapiens	49-59
31652269-4	2019	The two main enzymes responsible for generating adenosine in the microenvironment are the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, the former utilizes both ATP and ADP and produces AMP while the latter utilizes AMP and generates adenosine.	Adenosine	48-57	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	108-112
31652269-4	2019	The two main enzymes responsible for generating adenosine in the microenvironment are the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, the former utilizes both ATP and ADP and produces AMP while the latter utilizes AMP and generates adenosine.	Adenosine	221-230	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	108-112
31601268-12	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Our findings unveil A2AR/PKA/mTORC1 as the main Ado signaling pathway impairing the immune competence of peripheral T cells and TILs.	Adenosine	61-64	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	33-37
31577817-6	2019	The binding of one selected antibody, #B1-3, to RNA oligoribonucleotide containing a single m6A had an equilibrium dissociation constant of 6.5 nM, and this antibody exhibited negligible binding to oligoribonucleotides containing a single N1-methyladenosine and unmodified adenosine.	Adenosine	248-257	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A5	Homo sapiens	38-43
31144362-4	2019	Furthermore, low concentration of adenosine also exerted marked cytotoxicity representing induced cell apoptosis together with reductions of cell viability and migration, which were also markedly enhanced by OE MEG3.	Adenosine	34-43	maternally expressed 3	Homo sapiens	211-215
31144362-5	2019	Novelly and excitingly, adenosine markedly stimulated MEG3 expression, OE MEG3 markedly decreased the ILF3 expression in HepG2 cells, and the adenosine-induced autophagy inhibition, together with the ratio of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and p-mTOR/mTOR were also boosted by OE MEG3.	Adenosine	24-33	maternally expressed 3	Homo sapiens	54-58
31144362-6	2019	More interestingly, OE ILF3 increased autophagy, whereas downregulated ILF3, especially in the case of adenosine, led to marked autophagy inhibition by decreasing beclin-1.	Adenosine	103-112	interleukin enhancer binding factor 3	Homo sapiens	71-75
31144362-7	2019	The present study demonstrates autophagy inhibition is involved in the adenosine-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells, the cytotoxicity can be synergized by OE MEG3 via downregulated ILF3 to activate PI3K/Akt/mTOR and inactivate the beclin-1 signaling pathway.	Adenosine	71-80	maternally expressed 3	Homo sapiens	159-163
31144362-7	2019	The present study demonstrates autophagy inhibition is involved in the adenosine-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells, the cytotoxicity can be synergized by OE MEG3 via downregulated ILF3 to activate PI3K/Akt/mTOR and inactivate the beclin-1 signaling pathway.	Adenosine	71-80	interleukin enhancer binding factor 3	Homo sapiens	182-186
31144362-8	2019	In conclusion, MEG3 and inhibition of autophagy might be potential targets for augmenting adenosine-induced cytotoxicity in hepatoma.	Adenosine	90-99	maternally expressed 3	Homo sapiens	15-19
31350362-2	2019	Here, we show that mutation of vacuolar H+-translocating adenosine triphosphatase (H+-ATPase) subunit a2 (VHA-a2) and VHA-a3 of the vacuolar H+-ATPase enhances Al resistance in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).	Adenosine	57-66	vacuolar proton ATPase A2	Arabidopsis thaliana	106-112
31552039-1	2019	Background: CD38 is involved in the adenosine pathway, which represents one of the immunosuppressive mechanisms in cancer.	Adenosine	36-45	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	12-16
31495718-0	2019	Augmenting the therapeutic efficacy of adenosine against pancreatic cancer by switching the Akt/p21-dependent senescence to apoptosis.	Adenosine	39-48	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	96-99
31495718-8	2019	Adenosine treatment in combination with the Akt inhibitor, GSK690693, or the silencing of p21 to interfere with the Akt-p21 axis can switch the senescence-to-apoptosis signal and alleviate drug resistance.	Adenosine	0-9	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	90-93
31495718-8	2019	Adenosine treatment in combination with the Akt inhibitor, GSK690693, or the silencing of p21 to interfere with the Akt-p21 axis can switch the senescence-to-apoptosis signal and alleviate drug resistance.	Adenosine	0-9	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	120-123
31308540-2	2019	Here, we present an approach, called leveraging endogenous ADAR for programmable editing of RNA (LEAPER), that employs short engineered ADAR-recruiting RNAs (arRNAs) to recruit native ADAR1 or ADAR2 enzymes to change a specific adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	228-237	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	59-63
31308540-2	2019	Here, we present an approach, called leveraging endogenous ADAR for programmable editing of RNA (LEAPER), that employs short engineered ADAR-recruiting RNAs (arRNAs) to recruit native ADAR1 or ADAR2 enzymes to change a specific adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	228-237	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	136-140
31308540-2	2019	Here, we present an approach, called leveraging endogenous ADAR for programmable editing of RNA (LEAPER), that employs short engineered ADAR-recruiting RNAs (arRNAs) to recruit native ADAR1 or ADAR2 enzymes to change a specific adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	228-237	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	184-189
31457100-5	2019	Knockdown of estrogen receptors ESR1 and ESR2 in primary osteoprogenitors and osteoclasts undergoing differentiation showed decreased coexpression of membrane-bound CD39 and CD73 and lower extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	203-212	estrogen receptor 1 (alpha)	Mus musculus	32-36
31067497-5	2019	Here, we briefly review the evidence showing that phosphorylation of SREBP-1c and its interacting partners, catalyzed by phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase, protein kinase B, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 and 2, mitogen activated protein kinases, glycogen synthase kinase-3beta, protein kinase A and 5" adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase regulates the mechanisms of RIP and stability of SREBP-1c and de novo lipogenesis.	Adenosine	311-320	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	69-77
31522671-1	2019	RNA editing by adenosine deaminases of the ADAR family attracts a growing interest of researchers, both zoologists studying ecological and evolutionary plasticity of invertebrates and medical biochemists focusing on the mechanisms of cancer and other human diseases.	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	43-47
31008865-13	2019	CD39 is a protein that generates adenosine, which has immunosuppressive effects on several immune cell types including NK cells.	Adenosine	33-42	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
31203399-2	2019	Adenosine acts via G-protein coupled receptors; ADORA1, ADORA2a, ADORA2b and ADORA3.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	56-63
30536718-3	2019	In this study, we focus on two of the four EP receptors, EP2 and EP4 , as they are known to induce cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent signaling pathways.	Adenosine	106-115	prostaglandin E receptor 4	Homo sapiens	65-68
31222087-6	2019	DTA exerts its toxic activity through inhibition of eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2) via adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation of a modified histidine residue, diphthamide, at His715, which blocks protein translation and leads to cell death.	Adenosine	106-115	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2	Homo sapiens	52-94
31222087-6	2019	DTA exerts its toxic activity through inhibition of eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2) via adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation of a modified histidine residue, diphthamide, at His715, which blocks protein translation and leads to cell death.	Adenosine	106-115	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2	Homo sapiens	96-100
30926749-8	2019	We found that HCAR1 interacts with adenosine A1, GABAB, and alpha2A-adrenergic receptors, through a mechanism involving both its Gialpha and Gibetagamma subunits, resulting in a complex modulation of neuronal network activity.	Adenosine	35-44	hydrocarboxylic acid receptor 1	Mus musculus	14-19
30926749-13	2019	For the first time, we provide evidence for the functional cross talk of HCAR1 with other GPCRs, such as GABAB, adenosine A1- and alpha2A-adrenergic receptors.	Adenosine	112-121	hydrocarboxylic acid receptor 1	Mus musculus	73-78
31163701-5	2019	The molecular docking study showed that these novel Hsp90 inhibitors bound to the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding site at the N-terminus of Hsp90.	Adenosine	82-91	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	52-57
31163701-5	2019	The molecular docking study showed that these novel Hsp90 inhibitors bound to the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding site at the N-terminus of Hsp90.	Adenosine	82-91	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	145-150
31191254-1	2019	CD73, an ectonucleotidase, participates in the regulation of immune responses by controlling the conversion of extracellular AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	132-141	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
31191254-9	2019	Collectively, our findings support the conclusion that, upon EAE induction, likely due to an interaction with invading CD4+ cells, astrocytes lose most of their membrane-localized CD73; this inhibits the generation of adenosine in the local microenvironment.	Adenosine	218-227	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	180-184
31076346-0	2019	Human gingival tissue-derived MSC suppress osteoclastogenesis and bone erosion via CD39-adenosine signal pathway in autoimmune arthritis.	Adenosine	88-97	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	83-87
31076346-9	2019	INTERPRETATION: GMSC inhibit osteoclast formation in vitro and in vivo partially via CD39-CD73-adenosine signals.	Adenosine	95-104	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	85-89
30503507-2	2019	Salt-inducible kinase (SIK) is a kinase that regulates the nuclear translocation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcription coactivator (CRTC) by phosphorylation.	Adenosine	91-100	salt inducible kinase 1	Mus musculus	0-21
30503507-2	2019	Salt-inducible kinase (SIK) is a kinase that regulates the nuclear translocation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcription coactivator (CRTC) by phosphorylation.	Adenosine	91-100	salt inducible kinase 1	Mus musculus	23-26
30971294-15	2019	Mechanistically, adenosine produced by CD73 binds to adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and activates Rap1, which recruits P110beta to the plasma membrane and triggers PIP3 production, thereby promoting AKT phosphorylation in HCC cells.	Adenosine	17-26	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	39-43
30651363-4	2019	In the present study, we identified a novel association between OV20.0 and adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1).	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	112-117
18276981-3	2008	Both ATP and its breakdown product, adenosine, regulate smooth muscle and endothelial cell proliferation.	Adenosine	36-45	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8A2	Homo sapiens	5-8
17878054-9	2007	These results indicate that extracellular adenine nucleotides inhibit C6 cell growth via adenosine, which is produced by ecto-nucleotidases including CD73 at the extracellular space and then incorporated into cells by ENT2.	Adenosine	89-98	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	150-154
18005073-3	2007	In the adult brain, adenosine levels are largely regulated by its key metabolic enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK), which may assume the role of an "upstream regulator" of these two neurotransmitter pathways.	Adenosine	20-29	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	87-103
18005073-3	2007	In the adult brain, adenosine levels are largely regulated by its key metabolic enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK), which may assume the role of an "upstream regulator" of these two neurotransmitter pathways.	Adenosine	20-29	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	105-108
18045536-3	2007	Adenosine-stimulated CFTR-mediated chloride currents are potentiated by MRP4 inhibition, and this potentiation is directly coupled to attenuated cAMP efflux through the apical cAMP transporter.	Adenosine	0-9	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 4	Mus musculus	72-76
30651363-6	2019	Additionally, OV20.0 preferentially interacted with RBD1 of ADAR1, which was essential for its dsRNA binding ability and for the homodimerization that is critical for intact adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I)-editing activity.	Adenosine	174-183	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	60-65
30651363-10	2019	In this study, we demonstrated that OV20.0 interacts with ADAR1, a cellular enzyme responsible for converting adenosine (A) to inosine (I) in RNA.	Adenosine	110-119	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	58-63
30641086-13	2019	Furthermore, the inhibition of adenosine deaminase in endothelial cells in vitro attenuated LPS-mediated IL-6 release and soluble ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 concentration in the incubation medium through the restoration of the extracellular adenosine pool and adenosine receptor-dependent pathways.	Adenosine	31-40	interferon regulatory factor 6	Homo sapiens	92-95
30556751-3	2019	Adenosine is a potent immune-modulating factor that can be generated through the degradation of ATP by cooperative action of NTPDase1 (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) molecules.	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	125-133
30556751-3	2019	Adenosine is a potent immune-modulating factor that can be generated through the degradation of ATP by cooperative action of NTPDase1 (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) molecules.	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	135-139
30535464-5	2019	In the present study, it was demonstrated that Ado inhibited HepG2 cell growth in a time- and concentration-dependent manner and activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as indicated by G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, the increased mRNA and protein levels of GRP78/BiP, PERK, ATF4, CHOP, cleaved caspase-3, cytochrome c and the loss of mitochon-drial membrane potential (DeltaPsim).	Adenosine	47-50	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3	Homo sapiens	267-271
30462291-3	2019	Inosine is a particularly widespread modification in metazoan mRNA arising from deamination of adenosine catalyzed by the RNA-targeting adenosine deaminases ADAR1 or ADAR2.	Adenosine	95-104	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	157-162
30609391-3	2019	(2018) revealed a feedforward loop in which alpha-synuclein increases the levels of poly(adenosine 5"-diphosphate-ribose) (PAR) that in turn causes alpha-synuclein aggregates to be more toxic.	Adenosine	89-98	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	44-59
19283589-2	2009	Any change in adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels will reflect to adenosine levels.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	35-38
30609391-3	2019	(2018) revealed a feedforward loop in which alpha-synuclein increases the levels of poly(adenosine 5"-diphosphate-ribose) (PAR) that in turn causes alpha-synuclein aggregates to be more toxic.	Adenosine	89-98	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	148-163
31229177-6	2019	The modulatory role of adenosine on dopaminergic transmission depends largely on the existence of antagonistic interactions mediated by specific subtypes of DRs and ARs, the so-called A2AR-D2R and A1R-D1R interactions.	Adenosine	23-32	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	184-188
19283589-7	2009	Decreased levels of ADA would be due to increased adenosine levels, protecting against oxidative stress.	Adenosine	50-59	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	20-23
31284861-2	2019	Extracellular adenosine is a pivotal regulation molecule that adjusts physiological function through the interaction with four ARs: A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	137-141
19319464-9	2009	RESULTS: MGP and CIO suggested a critical role for the adenosine system, especially adenosine deaminase (ADA), a key enzyme of adenosine catabolism.	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	105-108
19319464-9	2009	RESULTS: MGP and CIO suggested a critical role for the adenosine system, especially adenosine deaminase (ADA), a key enzyme of adenosine catabolism.	Adenosine	84-93	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	105-108
19319464-13	2009	CONCLUSIONS: OGT may prevent IND-induced enteropathy by decreasing ADA which results in the elevation of adenosine.	Adenosine	105-114	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	67-70
30826127-7	2019	CD38-targeting antibodies probably also reduce adenosine production in the bone marrow microenvironment, which may contribute to improved T cell activity.	Adenosine	47-56	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	0-4
20419049-9	2009	Collectively, these results indicate that E2 engages a RhoA &gt;ROCK&gt; cofilin&gt; actin pathway also used by brain-derived neurotrophic factor and adenosine, and therefore belongs to a family of "synaptic modulators" that regulate plasticity.	Adenosine	150-159	cofilin 1	Homo sapiens	73-80
30336179-0	2019	Balance between dopamine and adenosine signals regulates the PKA/Rap1 pathway in striatal medium spiny neurons.	Adenosine	29-38	RAP1A, member of RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	65-69
19060901-1	2009	The deaminase ADAR1 edits adenosines in nuclear transcripts of nervous tissue and is required in the fetal liver of the developing mouse embryo.	Adenosine	26-36	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	14-19
30513816-4	2018	The production of extracellular adenosine is mediated by the cell surface ectoenzymes CD73, CD39, and CD38 and therapeutic agents have been developed to target these as well as the downstream adenosine receptors (A1R, A2AR, A2BR, A3R) to enhance anti-tumor immune responses.	Adenosine	32-41	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	92-96
30513816-4	2018	The production of extracellular adenosine is mediated by the cell surface ectoenzymes CD73, CD39, and CD38 and therapeutic agents have been developed to target these as well as the downstream adenosine receptors (A1R, A2AR, A2BR, A3R) to enhance anti-tumor immune responses.	Adenosine	32-41	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	102-106
30513816-4	2018	The production of extracellular adenosine is mediated by the cell surface ectoenzymes CD73, CD39, and CD38 and therapeutic agents have been developed to target these as well as the downstream adenosine receptors (A1R, A2AR, A2BR, A3R) to enhance anti-tumor immune responses.	Adenosine	32-41	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	218-222
30342020-1	2018	In the present study, a screen of adenosine analogs as potential modulators of arylamine-N-acetyltransferase 1 activity identified ATP as an inhibitor within its range of physiological concentrations.	Adenosine	34-43	N-acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	79-110
20020657-5	2009	It may be suggested that elevated 5"-nucleotidase concentration at the membranes of endothelial cells might in turn contribute to the pool of extracellular adenosine to stimulate antiinflammatory effect.	Adenosine	156-165	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	34-49
29616397-0	2018	Adenosine Augmentation Evoked by an ENT1 Inhibitor Improves Memory Impairment and Neuronal Plasticity in the APP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer"s Disease.	Adenosine	0-9	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	113-116
29616397-4	2018	In the present study, we report that a small adenosine analogue (designated J4) that inhibited ENT1 prevented the decline in spatial memory in an AD mouse model (APP/PS1).	Adenosine	45-54	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	166-169
31120126-2	2018	Proper linking of the catalytic domain of the RNA editing enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) to an antisense guide RNA can convert specific adenosines (As) to inosines (Is), with the latter recognized as guanosines (Gs) during the translation process.	Adenosine	153-163	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	65-98
31120126-2	2018	Proper linking of the catalytic domain of the RNA editing enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) to an antisense guide RNA can convert specific adenosines (As) to inosines (Is), with the latter recognized as guanosines (Gs) during the translation process.	Adenosine	153-163	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	100-104
31120126-2	2018	Proper linking of the catalytic domain of the RNA editing enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) to an antisense guide RNA can convert specific adenosines (As) to inosines (Is), with the latter recognized as guanosines (Gs) during the translation process.	Adenosine	165-167	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	65-98
31120126-2	2018	Proper linking of the catalytic domain of the RNA editing enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) to an antisense guide RNA can convert specific adenosines (As) to inosines (Is), with the latter recognized as guanosines (Gs) during the translation process.	Adenosine	165-167	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	100-104
30473700-7	2018	DCs express both ectoenzymes, enabling them to produce Ado from extracellular ATP by activity of CD73 and CD39 and thus allow dampening of the proinflammatory activity of adjacent leukocytes in the tissue.	Adenosine	55-58	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	106-110
30075429-1	2018	Adenosine (ADO), generated by the ectonucleotidase CD39 and CD73 from ATP, interacts with its specific G protein-coupled receptors, which can impair anti-tumor immune responses inhibiting the infiltration and function of CD8+ T cell and natural killer cell.	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
30075429-1	2018	Adenosine (ADO), generated by the ectonucleotidase CD39 and CD73 from ATP, interacts with its specific G protein-coupled receptors, which can impair anti-tumor immune responses inhibiting the infiltration and function of CD8+ T cell and natural killer cell.	Adenosine	11-14	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
30319363-10	2018	Reduced expression of CD39 and CD73 suggests promotion of ATP-dependent pro-inflammatory and reduction of adenosine-mediated anti-inflammatory mechanisms in migraine.	Adenosine	106-115	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
29770436-1	2018	Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) editing is the most abundant form of RNA modification in mammalian cells, which is catalyzed by adenosine deaminase acting on the double-stranded RNA (ADAR) protein family.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	181-185
30069711-6	2018	In addition, the effective dose (10 mg/kg) of adenosine inhibited microglia activation and suppressed abnormal elevation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in CTX and hippocampus, but increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 or IL-10 in the same brain regions during the remyelinating process.	Adenosine	46-55	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	155-163
30069711-6	2018	In addition, the effective dose (10 mg/kg) of adenosine inhibited microglia activation and suppressed abnormal elevation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in CTX and hippocampus, but increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 or IL-10 in the same brain regions during the remyelinating process.	Adenosine	46-55	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	258-262
30146748-2	2018	CD39, an ectonucleotidase highly expressed on regulatory T cells (Tregs), is responsible for production of adenosine, an important anti-inflammatory mediator of MTX action.	Adenosine	107-116	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
28801916-7	2018	Using a functional co-culture model of rat CB chemoreceptor (type I) cell clusters and juxtaposed afferent petrosal neurons (PNs), we tested the hypothesis that adenosine and DA act postsynaptically to modulate a hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) cation current (Ih ).	Adenosine	161-170	cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	267-270
29936843-2	2018	Here, we show that the rate of electron transport in DNA duplexes spacer-free tethered to gold via the adenosine terminal region (a dA10 tag) is enhanced compared to the hitherto reported DNA-metal electrode tethering chemistries.	Adenosine	103-112	antennal protein 10	Drosophila melanogaster	132-136
29733889-0	2018	Adenosine Promotes Endplate nAChR Channel Activity in Adult Mouse Skeletal Muscle Fibers via Low Affinity P1 Receptors.	Adenosine	0-9	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	28-33
17950365-1	2007	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is responsible for cleaving the neuromodulator adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	73-82	adenosine deaminase	Danio rerio	0-19
29733889-3	2018	In this study, using two-microelectrode voltage-clamp and single-channel patch-clamp recording techniques, we have explored potential postsynaptic targets of adenosine and their modulatory effect on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated synaptic responses in adult mouse skeletal muscle fibers in vitro.	Adenosine	158-167	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	199-231
17950365-1	2007	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is responsible for cleaving the neuromodulator adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	73-82	adenosine deaminase	Danio rerio	21-24
29733889-3	2018	In this study, using two-microelectrode voltage-clamp and single-channel patch-clamp recording techniques, we have explored potential postsynaptic targets of adenosine and their modulatory effect on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated synaptic responses in adult mouse skeletal muscle fibers in vitro.	Adenosine	158-167	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	233-238
17923533-7	2007	Stimulation of Smn production from the transgenic SMN2 gene by cyclic adenosine monophosphate restores Cav2.2 accumulation and excitability.	Adenosine	70-79	survival of motor neuron 1, telomeric	Homo sapiens	15-18
29733889-5	2018	Consistent with a postsynaptic site of action, adenosine and the potent P1 receptor agonist NECA significantly increased the open probability, the frequency and the open time of single nAChR channels, recorded at the endplate region.	Adenosine	47-56	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	185-190
17923533-7	2007	Stimulation of Smn production from the transgenic SMN2 gene by cyclic adenosine monophosphate restores Cav2.2 accumulation and excitability.	Adenosine	70-79	survival of motor neuron 2, centromeric	Homo sapiens	50-54
29733889-6	2018	Using specific ligands for the P1 receptor subtypes, we found that the low-affinity P1 receptor subtype A2B was responsible for mediating the effects of adenosine on the nAChR channel openings.	Adenosine	153-162	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	170-175
17923533-7	2007	Stimulation of Smn production from the transgenic SMN2 gene by cyclic adenosine monophosphate restores Cav2.2 accumulation and excitability.	Adenosine	70-79	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 B	Homo sapiens	103-109
29973599-3	2018	Although the liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway plays a pivotal role in maintaining energy homeostasis under conditions of metabolic stress, the role of LKB1-AMPK signalling in aiding cancer cell survival and in malignant tumours has not yet been fully elucidated.	Adenosine	36-45	serine/threonine kinase 11	Homo sapiens	13-28
29973599-3	2018	Although the liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway plays a pivotal role in maintaining energy homeostasis under conditions of metabolic stress, the role of LKB1-AMPK signalling in aiding cancer cell survival and in malignant tumours has not yet been fully elucidated.	Adenosine	36-45	serine/threonine kinase 11	Homo sapiens	30-34
29720380-2	2018	Adenosine inhibits the function of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by binding to and activating the A2a adenosine receptor (A2aR) expressed on their surface.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	90-112
29720380-2	2018	Adenosine inhibits the function of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by binding to and activating the A2a adenosine receptor (A2aR) expressed on their surface.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	114-118
29702148-7	2018	CD38-targeting antibodies probably also reduce adenosine production in the bone marrow microenvironment, which may contribute to improved T cell activity.	Adenosine	47-56	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	0-4
29685885-11	2018	The cAMP efflux triggered by fenoterol/formoterol indicates that the extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway may play a role in balancing the relaxant effects of beta2-adrenoceptor agonists in airways, which may impact their bronchodilation effects.	Adenosine	88-97	adrenoceptor beta 2	Rattus norvegicus	159-177
17601796-3	2007	Mice deficient in the purine catabolic enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) develop pulmonary inflammation and mucous metaplasia in association with adenosine elevations making them a useful model for assessing the contribution of specific adenosine receptors to adenosine-mediated pulmonary disease.	Adenosine	145-154	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	46-65
17601796-4	2007	Studies suggest that the A(2A) adenosine receptor (A(2A)R) functions to limit inflammation and promote tissue protection; however, the contribution of A(2A)R signaling has not been examined in the ADA-deficient model of adenosine-mediated lung inflammation.	Adenosine	31-40	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	51-58
18829737-1	2008	Adenosine-activated renovascular dilatation in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats is mediated by stimulating adenosine(2A) receptors (A(2A)R), which is linked to epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) synthesis.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	99-122
18829737-1	2008	Adenosine-activated renovascular dilatation in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats is mediated by stimulating adenosine(2A) receptors (A(2A)R), which is linked to epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) synthesis.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	124-130
18924612-7	2008	The translocated platelets were found to release large quantities of ATP, which was metabolized to adenosine via a 2-step enzymatic reaction mediated by ecto-nucleotidases, including CD73 and ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (ecto-NTPDases), expressed on the apical membrane of the intestinal epithelial cells.	Adenosine	99-108	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	183-187
18829471-3	2008	The adenosine triggers the immunosuppressive signaling via intracellular cyclic AMP-elevating A2A adenosine receptors (A2AR) on antitumor T cells.	Adenosine	4-13	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	119-123
18618669-1	2008	Adenosine, a modulator of neuronal function in the mammalian central nervous system, exerts a neuroprotective effect via the adenosine A(1) receptor; however, its effect on neural stem cells (NSCs) remains unclear.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	125-148
18772187-3	2008	(i) Incubation of intact tuber slices with ATP led to the formation of ADP, AMP, adenosine, adenine and ribose, indicating operation of apyrase, 5"-nucleotidase and nucleosidase.	Adenosine	81-90	apyrase	Solanum tuberosum	136-143
18784652-6	2008	Adenosine to inosine editing within untranslated regions of eri-6 and eri-7 pre-mRNAs reveals a double-stranded pre-mRNA intermediate, forming in the nucleus before splicing occurs.	Adenosine	0-9	Enhanced RNAI (RNA interference)	Caenorhabditis elegans	60-65
29942314-1	2018	Objectives: CD39 and CD73 are surface enzymes that jut into the extracellular space where they mediate the step-wise phosphohydrolysis of the autocrine and paracrine danger signals ATP and ADP into anti-inflammatory adenosine.	Adenosine	216-225	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	21-25
17616749-0	2007	The central role of adenosine in statin-induced ERK1/2, Akt, and eNOS phosphorylation.	Adenosine	20-29	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	48-54
29759563-3	2018	High levels of extracellular adenosine (ADO) are detected in CLL as a consequence of expression of ecto-enzymes, such as CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	29-38	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	121-125
29759563-3	2018	High levels of extracellular adenosine (ADO) are detected in CLL as a consequence of expression of ecto-enzymes, such as CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	40-43	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	121-125
29436006-2	2018	Both ATP/adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine modulate ACh secretion by activating presynaptic P2Y13 and A1 , A2A , and A3 receptors, respectively.	Adenosine	9-18	purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 13	Mus musculus	100-105
18707133-6	2008	However, the aptamer will change its structure from ss-DNA to tertiary structure after adenosine is added to the SPR cell.	Adenosine	87-96	sepiapterin reductase	Homo sapiens	113-116
18707133-9	2008	Based on this principle, we choose a simple system (antiadenosine aptamer/adenosine) to detect the sensing ability of this SPR biosensor for a small molecule.	Adenosine	56-65	sepiapterin reductase	Homo sapiens	123-126
18707133-10	2008	The experimental results confirm that the SPR sensor we developed possesses a good sensitivity and a high selectivity for adenosine.	Adenosine	122-131	sepiapterin reductase	Homo sapiens	42-45
18707133-11	2008	The detection range for adenosine is from 1 x 10 (-9) to 1 x 10 (-6) M. More significantly, it is fairly easy to generalize this strategy to detect a spectrum of small molecules by SPR spectroscopy using different aptamers.	Adenosine	24-33	sepiapterin reductase	Homo sapiens	181-184
29436006-2	2018	Both ATP/adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine modulate ACh secretion by activating presynaptic P2Y13 and A1 , A2A , and A3 receptors, respectively.	Adenosine	41-50	purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 13	Mus musculus	100-105
29332180-4	2018	The balance between extracellular ATP and adenosine in the blood and extracellular fluid is regulated chiefly by the activities of CD39 and CD73, which constitute the CD39-adenosinergic axis.	Adenosine	42-51	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	140-144
29799858-8	2018	Further, we evaluated the role of A2A antagonist, SCH442416, a putative neuroprotective agent to affect adenosine transients.	Adenosine	104-113	spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
18582589-1	2008	Adenosine deaminase (ADA; EC 3.5.4.4) activity is responsible for cleaving adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine deaminase	Danio rerio	0-19
18582589-1	2008	Adenosine deaminase (ADA; EC 3.5.4.4) activity is responsible for cleaving adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine deaminase	Danio rerio	21-24
18582589-9	2008	The presence of ADA activity in zebrafish brain may be important to regulate the adenosine/inosine levels in the CNS of this species.	Adenosine	81-90	adenosine deaminase	Danio rerio	16-19
29626161-7	2018	AMP and adenosine, the degradation products of ATP, markedly inhibited HAS2 expression and, despite concomitant up-regulation of HAS1 and HAS3, inhibited hyaluronan synthesis.	Adenosine	8-17	hyaluronan synthase 3	Homo sapiens	138-142
29788960-3	2018	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) is an immunosuppressive molecule intricately involved in adaptive and innate immune responses and is able to dephosphorylate AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	160-169	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-20
18787389-1	2008	5"-Nucleotidase is involved in sperm capacitation via the cAMP-adenosine pathway and in sperm motility via direct adenosine production from AMP.	Adenosine	63-72	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-15
18787389-1	2008	5"-Nucleotidase is involved in sperm capacitation via the cAMP-adenosine pathway and in sperm motility via direct adenosine production from AMP.	Adenosine	114-123	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-15
29788960-3	2018	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) is an immunosuppressive molecule intricately involved in adaptive and innate immune responses and is able to dephosphorylate AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	160-169	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	22-26
29717153-1	2018	Our previous studies have shown adenosine A2A R activation markedly promotes the expression of cystatin F (CF) and exacerbates the white matter lesions induced by hypoxic brain injuries.	Adenosine	32-41	cystatin F (leukocystatin)	Mus musculus	95-105
18457833-12	2008	[a specific neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor] potentiated the anti-convulsant action of sub-effective dose of adenosine (50 mg/kg i.p.).	Adenosine	125-134	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	12-42
18457833-12	2008	[a specific neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor] potentiated the anti-convulsant action of sub-effective dose of adenosine (50 mg/kg i.p.).	Adenosine	125-134	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	44-48
29717153-1	2018	Our previous studies have shown adenosine A2A R activation markedly promotes the expression of cystatin F (CF) and exacerbates the white matter lesions induced by hypoxic brain injuries.	Adenosine	32-41	cystatin F (leukocystatin)	Mus musculus	107-109
29692361-3	2018	Adenosine inhibits T cell motility through the A2A receptor (A2AR) and suppression of KCa3.1 channels.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	47-59
18490761-4	2008	Furthermore, CX(3)CL1-induced neuroprotection from Glu toxicity is mediated through the adenosine receptor 1 (AR(1)), being blocked by neuronal cell preparations treatment with 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX), a specific inhibitor of AR(1), and mimicked by both adenosine and the specific AR(1) agonist 2-chloro-N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine.	Adenosine	88-97	chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1	Mus musculus	13-21
29692361-3	2018	Adenosine inhibits T cell motility through the A2A receptor (A2AR) and suppression of KCa3.1 channels.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	61-65
18490761-5	2008	Similarly, experiments from whole-cell patch-clamped hippocampal neurons in culture, obtained from CX(3)CR1(+/+) mice, show that CX(3)CL1-induced depression of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid- (AMPA-) type Glu receptor-mediated current (AMPA-current), is associated with AR(1) activity being blocked by DPCPX and mimicked by adenosine.	Adenosine	350-359	chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1	Mus musculus	129-137
29692361-7	2018	The effect of adenosine was mimicked by an A2AR agonist and prevented by an A2AR antagonist.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	43-47
18490761-7	2008	We also report that CX(3)CL1 induced a significant release of adenosine from microglial BV2 cells, as measured by HPLC analysis.	Adenosine	62-71	chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1	Mus musculus	20-28
29692361-7	2018	The effect of adenosine was mimicked by an A2AR agonist and prevented by an A2AR antagonist.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	76-80
29731713-2	2018	Numerous studies have explored the role of CD38, CD39, CD203a/PC-1, and CD73 in generating extracellular adenosine (ADO) and thus in shaping the tumor niche in favor of proliferation.	Adenosine	105-114	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	43-47
29731713-3	2018	The findings shown here reveal that CIK cells are able to produce extracellular ADO via traditional (CD39/CD73) and/or alternative (CD38/CD203a/CD73 or CD203a/CD73) pathways.	Adenosine	80-83	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	101-105
18371949-5	2008	Coadministration of adenosine (a substrate of both CNT1 and CNT2), thymidine (a CNT1 substrate) and inosine (a CNT2 substrate) significantly suppressed the intestinal mizoribine absorption, depending on the nucleoside concentrations coadministered.	Adenosine	20-29	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	60-64
29731713-3	2018	The findings shown here reveal that CIK cells are able to produce extracellular ADO via traditional (CD39/CD73) and/or alternative (CD38/CD203a/CD73 or CD203a/CD73) pathways.	Adenosine	80-83	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	132-136
18371949-5	2008	Coadministration of adenosine (a substrate of both CNT1 and CNT2), thymidine (a CNT1 substrate) and inosine (a CNT2 substrate) significantly suppressed the intestinal mizoribine absorption, depending on the nucleoside concentrations coadministered.	Adenosine	20-29	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	111-115
28617999-4	2018	Suppression of adenosine signaling via inhibition of adenosine receptors or adenosine generating enzymes including CD39 and CD73 on ovarian or cervical cancer cells is a potentially novel therapeutic approach for gynecological cancer patients.	Adenosine	15-24	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	115-119
29457714-1	2018	Adenosine deamination is one of the most prevalent post-transcriptional modifications in mRNA and is catalyzed by ADAR1 and ADAR2 in humans.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	114-119
18461129-2	2008	It is suggested that adenosine exhibits pro-inflammatory effects through its A(1) receptor (A(1)R), and anti-inflammatory effects through A(2A) receptor (A(2A)R).	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	77-97
18005245-0	2008	Adenosine increases calcium sensitivity via receptor-independent activation of the p38/MK2 pathway in mesenteric arteries.	Adenosine	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	83-86
18005245-1	2008	AIM: Adenosine (Ado) restores desensitized angiotensin II-induced contractions in the renal arterioles via an intracellular, receptor-independent mechanisms including the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK).	Adenosine	5-14	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	171-174
29489750-6	2018	In particular, we identify a functional interaction with the METTL3-METTL14-WTAP complex, which mediates the conversion of adenosine to N6-methyladenosine (m6A) on RNA.	Adenosine	123-132	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	61-67
29504933-5	2018	Molecular modeling and/or molecular dynamics simulations indicate that acetylation of GSK3 isoforms would hinder both the adenosine binding and prevent stable interactions of the negatively charged phosphates.	Adenosine	122-131	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	86-90
18005245-1	2008	AIM: Adenosine (Ado) restores desensitized angiotensin II-induced contractions in the renal arterioles via an intracellular, receptor-independent mechanisms including the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK).	Adenosine	16-19	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	171-174
18005245-11	2008	CONCLUSION: The study shows that Ado activates the p38 MAPK/MK2 pathway in vascular smooth muscle via an intracellular action, which results in an increased MLC(20) phosphorylation in concert with increased calcium sensitivity of the contractile apparatus.	Adenosine	33-36	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	51-59
29535189-0	2018	Zc3h13/Flacc is required for adenosine methylation by bridging the mRNA-binding factor Rbm15/Spenito to the m6A machinery component Wtap/Fl(2)d.	Adenosine	29-38	female lethal d	Drosophila melanogaster	137-143
18340377-4	2008	Here we report that mice lacking adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme necessary for the breakdown of adenosine, displayed unexpected priapic activity.	Adenosine	33-42	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	54-57
18340377-5	2008	ADA enzyme therapy successfully corrected the priapic activity both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that it was dependent on elevated adenosine levels.	Adenosine	135-144	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-3
18340377-8	2008	Thus, we have shown that excessive adenosine accumulation in the penis contributes to priapism through increased A2BR signaling in both Ada -/- and SCD transgenic mice.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	136-139
29229601-0	2018	A2AR Adenosine Signaling Suppresses Natural Killer Cell Maturation in the Tumor Microenvironment.	Adenosine	5-14	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	0-4
18280468-12	2008	The findings showed that these antidepressant drugs can affect the ecto-nucleotidase pathway, suggesting that the extracellular adenosine levels could be modulated by these drugs.	Adenosine	128-137	tripartite motif containing 33	Homo sapiens	67-71
29229601-6	2018	Taken together, our results establish A2AR-mediated adenosine signaling as an intrinsic negative regulator of NK-cell maturation and antitumor immune responses.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	38-42
18276138-0	2008	Adenosine analogues as inhibitors of P2Y12 receptor mediated platelet aggregation.	Adenosine	0-9	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	37-42
29229601-7	2018	On the basis of these findings, we propose that administering A2AR antagonists concurrently with NK cell-based therapies may heighten therapeutic benefits by augmenting NK cell-mediated antitumor immunity.Significance: Ablating adenosine signaling is found to promote natural killer cell maturation and antitumor immunity and reduce tumor growth.	Adenosine	228-237	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	62-66
18276138-1	2008	Modified adenosine derivatives may lead to the development of P2Y(12) antagonists that are potent, selective, and bind reversibly to the receptor.	Adenosine	9-18	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	62-69
29467608-3	2018	The effects of adenosine are mediated via four adenosine receptor subtypes: A1R, A2AR, A2BR, A3R.	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	81-85
18326758-9	2008	In comparison, anti-inflammatory effects of AICAR were mimicked by adenosine but not inosine, the metabolites of AICAR.	Adenosine	67-76	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	44-49
28770471-6	2018	Activity of ecto5"-nucleotidase increased from 0.032 +- 0.006 to 0.049 +- 0.014 nmol/mg tissue/min in kidney cortex of mice administered high-dose decaffeinated coffee (HDC) together with increase in cortex adenosine concentration and decrease in plasma creatinine concentration.	Adenosine	207-216	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	12-31
18258482-3	2008	Novel studies now establish that, through the generation of the immunosuppressive factor adenosine, the ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73 are important contributors to the regulatory activity of Foxp3(+)CD4(+) T cells.	Adenosine	89-98	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	125-129
18258482-3	2008	Novel studies now establish that, through the generation of the immunosuppressive factor adenosine, the ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73 are important contributors to the regulatory activity of Foxp3(+)CD4(+) T cells.	Adenosine	89-98	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	187-192
17911479-0	2007	Mechanism of action of IFN-beta in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: a special reference to CD73 and adenosine.	Adenosine	104-113	interferon beta 1	Homo sapiens	23-31
17911479-2	2007	CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) is an ectoenzyme, which produces adenosine from adenosine monophosphate (AMP) precursor by enzymatic dephosphorylation.	Adenosine	61-70	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
28770471-7	2018	HDC leads to increased activity of ecto5"-nucleotidase in kidney cortex that translates to increase in concentration of adenosine.	Adenosine	120-129	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	35-54
17911479-2	2007	CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) is an ectoenzyme, which produces adenosine from adenosine monophosphate (AMP) precursor by enzymatic dephosphorylation.	Adenosine	61-70	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	6-26
17911479-3	2007	AMP is known to be abundantly present at sites of inflammation, and more importantly adenosine, the product of CD73, is known to possess both anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activity.	Adenosine	85-94	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	111-115
29127211-2	2018	TRIBE expresses an RBP of interest fused to the catalytic domain (cd) of the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR and performs adenosine-to-inosine editing on RNA targets of the RBP.	Adenosine	114-123	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	96-100
17911479-8	2007	Adenosine, a known neuroprotective agent, might contribute to the beneficial effects of IFN-beta on MS.	Adenosine	0-9	interferon beta 1	Homo sapiens	88-96
18242127-2	2008	Here, we outline the effects on kidney function of the autacoid, adenosine, which forms the basis for adenosine A(1) receptor (A(1)R) antagonists as treatment for decompensated heart failure.	Adenosine	65-74	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	102-125
29108754-0	2018	Extracellular adenosine produced by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) regulates macrophage pro-inflammatory responses, nitric oxide production, and favors Salmonella persistence.	Adenosine	14-23	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	36-56
18172552-3	2008	Here we show that astrocyte-expressed adenosine kinase (ADK), a key negative regulator of the brain inhibitory molecule adenosine, is a potential predictor and modulator of epileptogenesis.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	56-59
18062933-11	2008	These data suggest that eN is a novel and specific receptor for tenascin C and that the interaction between these proteins may influence cell adhesion and migration and also lead to decreased generation of local adenosine.	Adenosine	212-221	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	24-26
17909080-1	2008	Tissue-derived adenosine, acting via the adenosine A(2A) receptor (A(2A)R), is emerging as an important negative regulator of T-cell function.	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	67-74
18781940-4	2008	Herein, we review results described in the literature, starting from the year 2000, in the field of the fluorescent GPCR small, non-peptide ligands according to the affinity to the selected receptors (histamine, adenosine, adrenergic, cannabinoid, muscarinie, neuropeptide Y and serotonine) as well as the fluorophores that have been used to tag the molecules.	Adenosine	212-221	G protein-coupled receptor 166 pseudogene	Homo sapiens	116-120
18582595-6	2008	Inhibition of Janus kinase 2 prevented the adenosine-induced steroidogenesis and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, demonstrating that Janus kinase 2 was the upstream effector of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase pathway.	Adenosine	43-52	mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-189
17457365-3	2008	Adenosine is an endogenous neuroprotectant regulated by adenosine kinase (ADK).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	56-72
17457365-3	2008	Adenosine is an endogenous neuroprotectant regulated by adenosine kinase (ADK).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	74-77
17457365-8	2008	Reduction of ADK-immunoreactivity corresponded to a 2.2-fold increase in hippocampal adenosine at 3 h of reperfusion.	Adenosine	85-94	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	13-16
17898122-1	2007	Adenosine (Ado) enhances ANG II-induced constrictions of afferent arterioles (Af) by receptor-dependent and -independent pathways.	Adenosine	0-9	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	25-28
17898122-1	2007	Adenosine (Ado) enhances ANG II-induced constrictions of afferent arterioles (Af) by receptor-dependent and -independent pathways.	Adenosine	11-14	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	25-28
17898122-2	2007	Here, we test the hypothesis that transient Ado treatment has a sustained effect on Af contractility, resulting in increased ANG II responses after longer absence of Ado.	Adenosine	44-47	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	125-128
17898122-3	2007	Treatment with Ado (cumulative from 10(-11) to 10(-4) mol/l) and consecutive washout for 10 or 30 min increased constrictions on ANG II in isolated, perfused Af.	Adenosine	15-18	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	129-132
17920149-0	2007	Adenosine induces expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in primary rat astrocytes.	Adenosine	0-9	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	32-75
17920149-0	2007	Adenosine induces expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in primary rat astrocytes.	Adenosine	0-9	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	77-81
17920149-2	2007	We examined whether adenosine induces the production of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in cultured astrocytes.	Adenosine	20-29	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	56-99
17920149-2	2007	We examined whether adenosine induces the production of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in cultured astrocytes.	Adenosine	20-29	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	101-105
17920149-3	2007	We evaluated GDNF mRNA expression and GDNF production in astrocytes cultured with adenosine and the adenosine selective receptor agonists 5-(N-ethylcarboxamido) adenosine (NECA), N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) and 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl) phenethylamino-5"-N-ethylcarboxamindo-adenosine hydrochloride (CGS 21680).	Adenosine	82-91	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	13-17
17920149-5	2007	In this study, we confirmed that adenosine and the selective A(2B) adenosine receptor agonist NECA induced the expression of GDNF in cultured astrocytes.	Adenosine	33-42	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	125-129
17920149-6	2007	The A(2B) receptor antagonist alloxazine was able to inhibit the increase in extracellular GDNF produced by adenosine.	Adenosine	108-117	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	91-95
17920149-7	2007	Furthermore, the amounts of GDNF produced were significantly reduced in astrocytes of the adenosine-treated SHRSP compared with those of WKY.	Adenosine	90-99	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
17920149-8	2007	These results indicate that adenosine induces the expression of GDNF, and adenosine A(2B) receptors participate in the regulation of GDNF levels in astrocytes.	Adenosine	28-37	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	64-68
17920149-8	2007	These results indicate that adenosine induces the expression of GDNF, and adenosine A(2B) receptors participate in the regulation of GDNF levels in astrocytes.	Adenosine	28-37	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	133-137
17920622-2	2007	Since adenosine is known to be a major trigger of ischemic preconditioning, we hypothesized that A(1) adenosine receptor (A(1)AR) activation plays a role in sildenafil-induced cardioprotective signaling.	Adenosine	6-15	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	97-120
17920622-2	2007	Since adenosine is known to be a major trigger of ischemic preconditioning, we hypothesized that A(1) adenosine receptor (A(1)AR) activation plays a role in sildenafil-induced cardioprotective signaling.	Adenosine	6-15	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	122-128
18210811-2	2007	The adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) are enriched in dopamine-rich areas of the brain, such as the basal ganglia, and are thought to interact with dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) negatively.	Adenosine	4-13	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	145-165
18210811-2	2007	The adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) are enriched in dopamine-rich areas of the brain, such as the basal ganglia, and are thought to interact with dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) negatively.	Adenosine	4-13	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	167-170
17696452-14	2007	This study shows that adenosine elimination on human airway epithelia is mediated by ADA1, CNT2, and CNT3, which constitute important regulators of adenosine-mediated inflammation.	Adenosine	22-31	solute carrier family 28 member 3	Homo sapiens	101-105
17696452-14	2007	This study shows that adenosine elimination on human airway epithelia is mediated by ADA1, CNT2, and CNT3, which constitute important regulators of adenosine-mediated inflammation.	Adenosine	148-157	solute carrier family 28 member 3	Homo sapiens	101-105
17616749-13	2007	Adenosine was required for ERK1/2 activation by statins, which resulted in Akt and eNOS phosphorylation.	Adenosine	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	27-33
17619122-2	2007	The neurotoxicity induced by glutamate increases the ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity in neurons, which produces adenosine from AMP.	Adenosine	110-119	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	53-73
17619122-9	2007	The adenosine formed from ecto-5"-nucleotidase stimulation preferentially acted on adenosine A(2A) receptor which is probably co-operating with the neurotoxicity induced by amino acids.	Adenosine	4-13	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	26-46
17643826-9	2007	We suggest that the inhibition of ecto-5"-NT/CD73 may result in a decrease in extracellular adenosine production with a consequent reduction in tumor progression.	Adenosine	92-101	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	45-49
17468137-2	2007	Characterization of mice with elevated adenosine levels secondary to the loss of adenosine deaminase (ADA) expression, the primary metabolic enzyme for adenosine, further support a role for this ubiquitous mediator in the pathogenesis of asthma.	Adenosine	81-90	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	102-105
17474152-0	2007	Adenosine closes the K+ channel KCa3.1 in human lung mast cells and inhibits their migration via the adenosine A2A receptor.	Adenosine	0-9	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	32-38
17477546-3	2007	Ricin toxin A-chain (RTA) and pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) catalyze the release of adenine from a specific adenosine on a stem-tetraloop (GAGA) sequence at the elongation factor (eEF2) binding site of the 28S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes, thereby arresting translation.	Adenosine	111-120	RNA binding fox-1 homolog 2	Homo sapiens	0-19
17477546-3	2007	Ricin toxin A-chain (RTA) and pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) catalyze the release of adenine from a specific adenosine on a stem-tetraloop (GAGA) sequence at the elongation factor (eEF2) binding site of the 28S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes, thereby arresting translation.	Adenosine	111-120	RNA binding fox-1 homolog 2	Homo sapiens	21-24
17477546-7	2007	Adenine is also released from the second adenosine in the modified tetraloop, demonstrating an alternative mode for the binding of this motif in the RTA active site.	Adenosine	41-50	RNA binding fox-1 homolog 2	Homo sapiens	149-152
17400382-6	2007	Since an abnormal p38 and GSK3beta activity is implicated in acute (stroke) and chronic (Alzheimer"s disease) neurodegenerative diseases, the results of the present study provide a hint to better understand adenosine relevance in these disorders.	Adenosine	207-216	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
17400382-6	2007	Since an abnormal p38 and GSK3beta activity is implicated in acute (stroke) and chronic (Alzheimer"s disease) neurodegenerative diseases, the results of the present study provide a hint to better understand adenosine relevance in these disorders.	Adenosine	207-216	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	26-34
17428235-7	2007	Importantly, the GHSR inverse agonist [D-Arg(1) D-Phe(5) D-Trp(7,9) Leu(11)]-Substance P (SP-analogue) blocked the adenosine stimulated calcium release, demonstrating that GHSR is involved.	Adenosine	115-124	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	17-21
17428235-7	2007	Importantly, the GHSR inverse agonist [D-Arg(1) D-Phe(5) D-Trp(7,9) Leu(11)]-Substance P (SP-analogue) blocked the adenosine stimulated calcium release, demonstrating that GHSR is involved.	Adenosine	115-124	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	172-176
17428235-8	2007	Assessment of the GHSR-dependent calcium release using adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists resulted in a rank order of potencies resembling the profile of A(2B)R. A(2B)R over-expression in HEK-GHSR cells enhanced potency and efficacy of the adenosine induced calcium release without increasing IP(3) production.	Adenosine	55-64	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	18-22
17428235-11	2007	CONCLUSION: In HEK-GHSR cells adenosine activates endogenously expressed A(2B)R resulting in calcium mobilization.	Adenosine	30-39	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	19-23
17172269-2	2007	Because p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) may regulate glucose metabolism and may be activated downstream of AMPK, this study determined the effects of the p38 MAPK inhibitors SB202190 and SB203580 on adenosine-induced alterations in glucose utilization and AMPK activity.	Adenosine	211-220	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	8-44
17471030-12	2007	Our results suggest that up-regulated adenosine production, EGFR and IL-8 expression due to overexpressed CD73 may involved in CD73-promoted breast cancer metastasis.	Adenosine	38-47	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	106-110
17471030-12	2007	Our results suggest that up-regulated adenosine production, EGFR and IL-8 expression due to overexpressed CD73 may involved in CD73-promoted breast cancer metastasis.	Adenosine	38-47	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	127-131
16685255-2	2007	Adenosine levels are normally kept in the range of 20 to 200 nmol/L by low basal expression of its main metabolic enzyme, adenosine kinase (ADK).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	122-138
16685255-2	2007	Adenosine levels are normally kept in the range of 20 to 200 nmol/L by low basal expression of its main metabolic enzyme, adenosine kinase (ADK).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	140-143
17093123-0	2007	Adenosine inhibits activity of hypocretin/orexin neurons by the A1 receptor in the lateral hypothalamus: a possible sleep-promoting effect.	Adenosine	0-9	hypocretin	Mus musculus	31-48
17093123-6	2007	In this study, we examined the hypothesis that adenosine inhibits the activity of hypocretin/orexin neurons by using electrophysiological methods in brain slices from mice expressing green fluorescent protein in hypocretin/orexin neurons.	Adenosine	47-56	hypocretin	Mus musculus	82-99
17093123-6	2007	In this study, we examined the hypothesis that adenosine inhibits the activity of hypocretin/orexin neurons by using electrophysiological methods in brain slices from mice expressing green fluorescent protein in hypocretin/orexin neurons.	Adenosine	47-56	hypocretin	Mus musculus	212-229
17093123-8	2007	The adenosine-mediated inhibition arises from depression of excitatory synaptic transmission to hypocretin/orexin neurons because adenosine depresses the amplitude of evoked excitatory postsynaptic potential and the frequency of spontaneous and miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents in these neurons.	Adenosine	4-13	hypocretin	Mus musculus	96-113
17093123-8	2007	The adenosine-mediated inhibition arises from depression of excitatory synaptic transmission to hypocretin/orexin neurons because adenosine depresses the amplitude of evoked excitatory postsynaptic potential and the frequency of spontaneous and miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents in these neurons.	Adenosine	130-139	hypocretin	Mus musculus	96-113
17093123-9	2007	At the cell body of the hypocretin/orexin neurons, adenosine inhibits voltage-dependent calcium currents without the induction of GIRK current.	Adenosine	51-60	hypocretin	Mus musculus	24-41
17093123-11	2007	In summary, our data suggest that in addition to its effect in the basal forebrain, adenosine exerts its sleep-promoting effect in the LH by inhibition of hypocretin/orexin neurons.	Adenosine	84-93	hypocretin	Mus musculus	155-172
17028245-1	2007	The extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway is the cellular egress of cAMP followed by extracellular conversion of cAMP to adenosine by the sequential actions of ecto-phosphodiesterase and ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	23-32	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	186-206
17028245-1	2007	The extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway is the cellular egress of cAMP followed by extracellular conversion of cAMP to adenosine by the sequential actions of ecto-phosphodiesterase and ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	120-129	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	186-206
17174234-1	2006	BACKGROUND: Adenosine 5"-triphosphate is catabolized to adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP), which is further degraded by 2 pathways: deamination to inosine 5"-monophosphate and ammonia by AMP deaminase, or dephosphorylation to adenosine and inorganic phosphate by 5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	56-65	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	262-277
17217617-2	2006	Here we report that the mRNA of a homeobox gene prox1, a candidate tumor suppressor, suffers adenosine-to-inosine nucleotide conversion and loses tumor-suppressive functions in a subset of human cancers.	Adenosine	93-102	prospero homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	48-53
17135404-11	2006	These data suggest A1 receptor-mediated p38 MAPK activation is a crucial step underlying the presynaptic inhibitory effect of adenosine on CA3-CA1 synaptic transmission.	Adenosine	126-135	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
17568578-2	2007	Ecto-NTPDases and ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 can control extracellular ATP/adenosine levels, which have been described as proliferation factors.	Adenosine	74-83	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	18-38
17568578-2	2007	Ecto-NTPDases and ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 can control extracellular ATP/adenosine levels, which have been described as proliferation factors.	Adenosine	74-83	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	39-43
29108754-0	2018	Extracellular adenosine produced by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) regulates macrophage pro-inflammatory responses, nitric oxide production, and favors Salmonella persistence.	Adenosine	14-23	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	58-62
29108754-1	2018	Surface enzymes CD39 (nucleoside triphosphate dephosphorylase) and CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) mediate the synthesis of extracellular adenosine that can regulate immune responses.	Adenosine	134-143	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	67-71
29108754-1	2018	Surface enzymes CD39 (nucleoside triphosphate dephosphorylase) and CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) mediate the synthesis of extracellular adenosine that can regulate immune responses.	Adenosine	134-143	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	73-93
29108754-2	2018	Adenosine produced by CD39/CD73 acts via adenosine receptors (ARs).	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	27-31
29108754-14	2018	Extracellular adenosine synthesized by CD73 suppresses antibacterial responses of macrophages, which may weaken macrophage function and impair innate immune responses to Salmonella infection.	Adenosine	14-23	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	39-43
17574764-7	2007	Results demonstrate that the presence of NTPDases and 5"-nucleotidase enzymes in Walker 256 tumor cells may be important for regulation of the extracellular adenine nucleotides/adenine nucleoside ratio, therefore leading to tumor growth.	Adenosine	177-195	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	54-69
29377887-3	2018	However, in the tumor micro-environment, two extracellular membrane-bound enzymes (CD39 and CD73) are overexpressed and hydrolyze efficiently ATP into AMP then further into immune-suppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	192-201	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	83-87
29377929-3	2018	We investigated the contribution of the extracellular adenosine pathway regulated by the ecto-nucleotidase CD73 in Pneumovax-induced antibody responses.	Adenosine	54-63	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	107-111
29315226-1	2018	Ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, specific nucleotide metabolizing enzymes located on the surface of the host, can convert a pro-inflammatory environment driven by a danger molecule extracellular-ATP to an adenosine-mediated anti-inflammatory milieu.	Adenosine	205-214	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
17401670-0	2007	Differential expression of cerebellar metabotropic glutamate receptors mGLUR2/3 and mGLUR4a after the administration of a convulsant drug and the adenosine analogue cyclopentyladenosine.	Adenosine	146-155	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA2 (alpha 2)	Mus musculus	71-77
28716651-3	2018	Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes, ADAR1 and ADAR2, convert adenosines in double-stranded RNA structures into inosines by hydrolytic deamination.	Adenosine	76-86	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-34
30221577-0	2018	Streptococcus suis synthesizes deoxyadenosine and adenosine by 5"-nucleotidase to dampen host immune responses.	Adenosine	36-45	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	63-78
30221577-2	2018	S. suis 5"-nucleotidase is able to convert adenosine monophosphate to adenosine, resulting in inhibiting neutrophil functions in vitro and it is an important virulence factor.	Adenosine	43-52	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	8-23
30221577-3	2018	Here, we show that S. suis 5"-nucleotidase not only enables producing 2"-deoxyadenosine from 2"-deoxyadenosine monophosphate by the enzymatic assay and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis in vitro, but also synthesizes both 2"-deoxyadenosine and adenosine in mouse blood in vivo by RP-HPLC and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analyses.	Adenosine	78-87	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	27-42
30221577-6	2018	The in vivo transcriptome analysis in mouse blood showed the inhibitory effect of 5"-nucleotidase on neutrophil functions and immune responses probably mediated through the generation of adenosine.	Adenosine	187-196	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	82-97
30221577-7	2018	Taken together, these findings indicate that S. suis synthesizes 2"-deoxyadenosine and adenosine by 5"-nucleotidase to dampen host immune responses, which represents a new mechanism of S. suis pathogenesis.	Adenosine	73-82	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	100-115
29464038-3	2018	Recently, we demonstrated that regulatory B cells (Breg), defined as CD19+CD39+CD73+ B cells, play a significant role in the production of immunosuppressive, extracellular adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	172-181	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	79-83
29464038-3	2018	Recently, we demonstrated that regulatory B cells (Breg), defined as CD19+CD39+CD73+ B cells, play a significant role in the production of immunosuppressive, extracellular adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	183-186	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	79-83
29326589-10	2017	Altogether, our data demonstrated that (1) an increased number of circulating CD8/CD26 T cells is associated with preservation of muscle strength in DMD subjects, and (2) CD8/CD26 T cells from DMD subjects mediated degradation of adenosine by adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	230-239	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-86
29326589-10	2017	Altogether, our data demonstrated that (1) an increased number of circulating CD8/CD26 T cells is associated with preservation of muscle strength in DMD subjects, and (2) CD8/CD26 T cells from DMD subjects mediated degradation of adenosine by adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	230-239	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	175-179
29203771-3	2017	Since adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing has recently emerged as a driver of cancer progression, genomic amplification combined with inflammatory cytokine activation of ADAR1 could stimulate MM progression and therapeutic resistance.	Adenosine	6-15	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	167-172
28820319-1	2017	Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing is a conserved process, which is performed by ADAR enzymes.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	79-83
28984845-2	2017	In this study, we engineered the deaminase domain of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR1) and the MS2 system to target-specific adenosines, with the goal of correcting G-to-A mutations at the RNA level.	Adenosine	133-143	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	88-93
28984845-2	2017	In this study, we engineered the deaminase domain of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR1) and the MS2 system to target-specific adenosines, with the goal of correcting G-to-A mutations at the RNA level.	Adenosine	133-143	MS2	Homo sapiens	103-106
28984845-5	2017	The guide RNAs directed the ADAR1 deaminase to the desired editing site, where it converted adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	92-101	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	28-33
28933241-1	2017	Human S-adenosyl-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH, E.C.3.3.1.1) has been considered to be an attractive target for the design of medicines to treat human disease, because of its important role in regulating biological methylation reactions to catalyse the reversible hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) to adenosine (Ado) and l-homocysteine (Hcy).	Adenosine	309-318	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	6-39
28933241-1	2017	Human S-adenosyl-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH, E.C.3.3.1.1) has been considered to be an attractive target for the design of medicines to treat human disease, because of its important role in regulating biological methylation reactions to catalyse the reversible hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) to adenosine (Ado) and l-homocysteine (Hcy).	Adenosine	309-318	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	41-45
28933241-1	2017	Human S-adenosyl-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH, E.C.3.3.1.1) has been considered to be an attractive target for the design of medicines to treat human disease, because of its important role in regulating biological methylation reactions to catalyse the reversible hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) to adenosine (Ado) and l-homocysteine (Hcy).	Adenosine	320-323	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	6-39
28933241-1	2017	Human S-adenosyl-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH, E.C.3.3.1.1) has been considered to be an attractive target for the design of medicines to treat human disease, because of its important role in regulating biological methylation reactions to catalyse the reversible hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) to adenosine (Ado) and l-homocysteine (Hcy).	Adenosine	320-323	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	41-45
29209319-1	2017	The ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73 regulate the purinergic signaling through the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/ADP to AMP and to adenosine (Ado), respectively.	Adenosine	90-99	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	16-20
29209319-1	2017	The ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73 regulate the purinergic signaling through the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/ADP to AMP and to adenosine (Ado), respectively.	Adenosine	148-151	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	16-20
29095874-2	2017	Whilst adenosine has been recognized to mediate the cardioprotective effect of C34T AMPD1, the precise pathophysiologic mechanism involved remains undefined to date.	Adenosine	7-16	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	84-89
16942776-0	2006	Simultaneous determination of adenosine and its metabolites by capillary electrophoresis as a rapid monitoring tool for 5"-nucleotidase activity.	Adenosine	30-39	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	120-135
29276916-8	2017	Proteinkinase A (PKA) inhibitors KT5720, H-89 and Rp-adenosine-cAMP suppressed ISO-induced hyperpolarization in PV.	Adenosine	53-62	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-15
29276916-8	2017	Proteinkinase A (PKA) inhibitors KT5720, H-89 and Rp-adenosine-cAMP suppressed ISO-induced hyperpolarization in PV.	Adenosine	53-62	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
29078406-3	2017	Here, we apply the approach of site-directed RNA editing to repair, at the mRNA level, a disease-causing guanosine to adenosine (G &gt; A) mutation in the mouse MeCP2 DNA binding domain.	Adenosine	118-127	methyl CpG binding protein 2	Mus musculus	161-166
27641077-8	2017	In contrast, two nucleosides, uridine and adenosine, minimally interacted with PMAT/Pmat in all species.	Adenosine	42-51	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	79-83
27641077-8	2017	In contrast, two nucleosides, uridine and adenosine, minimally interacted with PMAT/Pmat in all species.	Adenosine	42-51	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	84-88
28533090-1	2017	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AHCY) catalyzes the reversible hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) to adenosine and l-homocysteine.	Adenosine	111-120	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	0-32
28533090-1	2017	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AHCY) catalyzes the reversible hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) to adenosine and l-homocysteine.	Adenosine	111-120	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	34-38
28743609-2	2017	This "danger" signal can be converted to immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO) by the action of the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, expressed by skin and immune cells.	Adenosine	59-68	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	123-127
17525170-2	2007	ADAR2 edits RNA by converting adenosine to inosine within double-stranded or structured RNA.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	0-5
28743609-2	2017	This "danger" signal can be converted to immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO) by the action of the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, expressed by skin and immune cells.	Adenosine	70-73	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	123-127
28453786-1	2017	The highly conserved ADAR enzymes, found in all multicellular metazoans, catalyze the editing of mRNA transcripts by the deamination of adenosines to inosines.	Adenosine	136-146	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	21-25
17487388-1	2007	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) is an essential enzyme that generates adenosine, an essential molecule for cell growth.	Adenosine	66-75	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-20
17487388-1	2007	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) is an essential enzyme that generates adenosine, an essential molecule for cell growth.	Adenosine	66-75	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	22-26
17303086-6	2007	Taken together, these results suggest that intracellularly transported adenosine, perhaps converted AMP as the ensuing event, activates caspase-8 and the downstream effector caspase caspase-3 by neutralizing caspase-8 inhibition due to c-FLIP as a consequence of decreased c-FLIP expression, leading to apoptosis.	Adenosine	71-80	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	208-217
28133948-0	2017	Maternal high salt diet altered Adenosine-mediated vasodilatation via PKA/BK channel pathway in offspring rats.	Adenosine	32-41	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
17442976-4	2007	Adenosine and NECA markedly induced HO-1 and blocked LPS-induced TNF-alpha production via adenosine A2aR-mediated signaling; blocking of HO-1 by RNA interference abrogated the effects of adenosine and NECA on TNF-alpha.	Adenosine	90-99	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	100-104
17442976-6	2007	The induction of A2aR expression by HO-1 or CO resulted in an increase in the sensitivity to the anti-inflammatory effects of adenosine and NECA, which was lost in macrophages isolated from A2aR-deficient mice.	Adenosine	126-135	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	17-21
28133948-2	2017	This study tested the hypothesis that prenatal HS may influence Adenosine-induced vasodilatation via protein kinase A (PKA) pathway in coronary arteries.	Adenosine	64-73	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	101-117
17442976-6	2007	The induction of A2aR expression by HO-1 or CO resulted in an increase in the sensitivity to the anti-inflammatory effects of adenosine and NECA, which was lost in macrophages isolated from A2aR-deficient mice.	Adenosine	126-135	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	190-194
28133948-2	2017	This study tested the hypothesis that prenatal HS may influence Adenosine-induced vasodilatation via protein kinase A (PKA) pathway in coronary arteries.	Adenosine	64-73	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
28133948-7	2017	After pretreatment with PKA inhibitor, vasodilatation to Adenosine was decreased to a smaller extent in HS than that in control.	Adenosine	57-66	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	24-27
27623281-0	2017	A new s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-linked method for adenosine detection based on DNA-templated fluorescent Cu/Ag nanoclusters.	Adenosine	57-66	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	6-38
17308037-1	2007	In kidneys, stimulation of adenylyl cyclase causes egress of cAMP, conversion of cAMP to AMP by ecto-phosphodiesterase, and metabolism of AMP to adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	145-154	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	158-178
27623281-1	2017	We herein describe a novel fluorescent method for the rapid and selective detection of adenosine by utilizing DNA-templated Cu/Ag nanoclusters (NCs) and employing s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH).	Adenosine	87-96	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	163-195
27623281-1	2017	We herein describe a novel fluorescent method for the rapid and selective detection of adenosine by utilizing DNA-templated Cu/Ag nanoclusters (NCs) and employing s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH).	Adenosine	87-96	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	197-201
28959174-0	2017	A Novel Mutation in the FOXC2 Gene: A Heterozygous Insertion of Adenosine (c.867insA) in a Family with Lymphoedema of Lower Limbs without Distichiasis.	Adenosine	64-73	forkhead box C2	Homo sapiens	24-29
28959174-5	2017	RESULTS: All affected family members with lymphoedema of lower limbs without distichiasis, and still asymptomatic six years old girl from the same family, carried the same previously unreported insertion of adenosine (c.867insA) in FOXC2.	Adenosine	207-216	forkhead box C2	Homo sapiens	232-237
28507174-6	2017	Genetic deletion of CD73 (an ectonucleotidase that converts AMP to adenosine) prevented the elevation of placental adenosine in the autoantibody-induced preeclampsia mouse model and ameliorated preeclampsia features and placental DNA hypomethylation.	Adenosine	67-76	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	20-24
16670267-7	2006	Functional studies of murine hypoxia revealed inhibition of ADA with deoxycoformycin (dCF) enhances protective responses mediated by adenosine (vascular leak and neutrophil accumulation).	Adenosine	133-142	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	60-63
28507174-6	2017	Genetic deletion of CD73 (an ectonucleotidase that converts AMP to adenosine) prevented the elevation of placental adenosine in the autoantibody-induced preeclampsia mouse model and ameliorated preeclampsia features and placental DNA hypomethylation.	Adenosine	115-124	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	20-24
16995746-5	2006	The objective of the present study was to elucidate the structural characteristics of the adenosine-binding site of four major kinase groups, AGC (PKA, PKG, and PKC families), CaMK (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases), CMGC (CDK, MAPK, GSK3, and CLK families), and TK (tyrosine kinases).	Adenosine	90-99	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV	Homo sapiens	176-180
28198766-9	2017	However, hCD39 transgene was more widespread at 4 weeks post-IRI and was associated with higher renal adenosine levels at 4 weeks post-IRI compared with wild-type littermates.	Adenosine	102-111	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	9-14
16995746-5	2006	The objective of the present study was to elucidate the structural characteristics of the adenosine-binding site of four major kinase groups, AGC (PKA, PKG, and PKC families), CaMK (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases), CMGC (CDK, MAPK, GSK3, and CLK families), and TK (tyrosine kinases).	Adenosine	90-99	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV	Homo sapiens	182-226
28581447-11	2017	Our data demonstrated that adenosine prevents hypothermic injury to the endothelium by activating ERK1/2, eNOS, p70S6K, and p38MAPK signaling pathways at early time points.	Adenosine	27-36	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Homo sapiens	112-118
16862552-7	2006	In agreement with the extracellular formation of adenosine and intracellular formation of inosine by astrocytes, the present study showed high expression of ecto 5"-nucleotidase and AMP deaminase type 3 in astrocytes.	Adenosine	49-58	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	157-177
28153452-1	2017	Adenosine as well as agonists and antagonists for the four adenosine receptor subtypes (A1R, A2AR, A2BR and A3R) play a role in several key physiological and pathophysiological processes, including the regulation of vascular tone, thrombosis, immune response, inflammation, and angiogenesis.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	93-97
18404487-3	2006	In other tissues, ecto-nucleotidases mediate the consecutive dephosphorylation of ATP to AMP, and AMP is converted to adenosine by ecto-5" nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	118-127	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	131-151
18404487-3	2006	In other tissues, ecto-nucleotidases mediate the consecutive dephosphorylation of ATP to AMP, and AMP is converted to adenosine by ecto-5" nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	118-127	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	153-157
28153452-5	2017	Adenosine also appears to modulate intracellular cholesterol availability in Niemann-Pick type C1 disease and Alzheimer disease via A2AR and A3, respectively.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	132-143
28436945-1	2017	Both p150 and p110 isoforms of ADAR1 convert adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA).	Adenosine	45-54	spliceosome associated factor 3, U4/U6 recycling protein	Homo sapiens	14-18
28436945-1	2017	Both p150 and p110 isoforms of ADAR1 convert adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA).	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	31-36
28415676-6	2017	In Vitro, adenosine decreased the eEPSCs amplitude of pyramidal neurons in hippocampus CA1 region, NBTI also had the same effect.	Adenosine	10-19	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
16916931-7	2006	We propose to target the hypoxia--&gt;adenosine--&gt;A2AR pathway as a cancer immunotherapy strategy to prevent the inhibition of antitumor T cells in the tumor microenvironment.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	53-57
16916931-10	2006	Thus, although using the hypoxia--&gt;adenosine--&gt;A2AR pathway inhibitors may improve antitumor immunity, the recruitment of this pathway by selective drugs is expected to attenuate the autoimmune tissue damage.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	53-57
28553113-13	2017	LDE-MTX increased the expression of myocardial vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) associated with adenosine release; this correlated not only with an increase in angiogenesis, but also with other parameters improved by LDE-MTX, suggesting that VEGF increase played an important role in the beneficial effects of LDE-MTX.	Adenosine	105-114	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	47-81
16626672-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: Adenosine deaminase (ADA) may be multifunctional, regulating adenosine levels and adenosine receptor (AR) agonism, and potentially modifying AR functionality.	Adenosine	72-81	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	11-30
28553113-13	2017	LDE-MTX increased the expression of myocardial vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) associated with adenosine release; this correlated not only with an increase in angiogenesis, but also with other parameters improved by LDE-MTX, suggesting that VEGF increase played an important role in the beneficial effects of LDE-MTX.	Adenosine	105-114	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	83-87
28680754-1	2017	CD39/CD73-adenosine pathway has been recently defined as an important tumor-induced immunosuppressive mechanism.	Adenosine	10-19	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
16672376-1	2006	ADAR2 is a double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase involved in the editing of mammalian RNAs by the site-specific conversion of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I).	Adenosine	40-49	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	0-5
28417934-3	2017	Adenosine analogs modulate chloride secretion in gastric glands and activate acid secretion in isolated parietal cells through A2B adenosine receptor (A2BR) binding.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine receptor A2b	Oryctolagus cuniculus	127-149
16469385-4	2006	Adenosine activated caspase-3, -8 and -9, but mitochondrial membrane potentials were not affected.	Adenosine	0-9	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	20-40
16469385-12	2006	Extracellular adenosine, thus, appears to activate caspase-9 followed by the effector caspase, caspase-3, at least via two independent pathways linked to A(1) adenosine receptor-mediated adenylate cyclase inhibition and adenosine uptake into cells/conversion to AMP/activation of AMPK, possibly regardless of mitochondrial damage, thereby leading to RCR-1 cell death, dominantly by apoptosis.	Adenosine	14-23	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	95-104
16469385-12	2006	Extracellular adenosine, thus, appears to activate caspase-9 followed by the effector caspase, caspase-3, at least via two independent pathways linked to A(1) adenosine receptor-mediated adenylate cyclase inhibition and adenosine uptake into cells/conversion to AMP/activation of AMPK, possibly regardless of mitochondrial damage, thereby leading to RCR-1 cell death, dominantly by apoptosis.	Adenosine	159-168	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	95-104
28417934-3	2017	Adenosine analogs modulate chloride secretion in gastric glands and activate acid secretion in isolated parietal cells through A2B adenosine receptor (A2BR) binding.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine receptor A2b	Oryctolagus cuniculus	151-155
17336335-11	2007	To elicit the beneficial effect of adenosine against ischemia and reperfusion injury of the liver, it is important to oppose adenosine A1 receptor activation.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine A1 receptor	Canis lupus familiaris	125-146
28417934-8	2017	Our findings demonstrate that A2BR and ADA are partially coexpressed at the gastric ECL cell surface and that A2BR is functional, with regard to binding of adenosine analogs and adenylate cyclase activation.	Adenosine	156-165	adenosine receptor A2b	Oryctolagus cuniculus	110-114
16563876-5	2006	Inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase by concanavalin A (0.1 mg ml-1) produced only a moderate decrease (approximately 25%) on adenosine accumulation in the LM-MP, indicating that the extracellular catabolism of released ATP might not be a major source of the nucleoside.	Adenosine	124-133	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	14-34
28376099-0	2017	The adenosine generating enzymes CD39/CD73 control microglial processes ramification in the mouse brain.	Adenosine	4-13	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	38-42
16709165-4	2006	Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored 5"-nucleotidase is an extracellular, raft-associated enzyme responsible for conversion of extracellular ATP into adenosine.	Adenosine	151-160	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	38-53
17363004-3	2007	The main source of extracellular adenosine is the hydrolysis of extracellular ATP by a group of ecto-enzymes: ENTPDase family, NPP family and ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	33-42	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	142-162
28376099-2	2017	Microglia express all essential purinergic elements such as receptors, nucleoside transporters and ecto-enzymes, including CD39 (NTPDase1) and CD73 (5"-nucleotidase), which sequentially degrade extracellular ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	215-224	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	143-147
28376099-2	2017	Microglia express all essential purinergic elements such as receptors, nucleoside transporters and ecto-enzymes, including CD39 (NTPDase1) and CD73 (5"-nucleotidase), which sequentially degrade extracellular ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	215-224	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	149-164
16775665-6	2006	RESULTS: Compared with the control group, adenosine significantly decreased the area of no-reflow measured with both methods from 78.5 and 82.3% to 20.7 and 21.5% of ligation area, respectively (both P &lt; 0.01), reduced necrosis area, maintained VE-cadherin, beta-catenin and gamma-catenin levels in reflow myocardium (P &lt; 0.05-0.01).	Adenosine	42-51	catenin beta 1	Sus scrofa	261-273
28376099-6	2017	An elevation of extracellular adenosine 1) by the inhibition of adenosine transport with dipyridamole, 2) by application of exogenous adenosine or 3) by degradation of endogenous ATP/ADP with apyrase enhanced spontaneous and ATP-induced ramification of cd39-/- microglia in acute brain slices and facilitated the transformation of cd39-/- and cd73-/- microglia into a ramified process-bearing phenotype in vitro.	Adenosine	30-39	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	343-347
28188287-3	2017	The present study investigated the possibility that adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, which causes nucleotide conversion by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes, might modulate DHFR expression.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	124-157
16527902-1	2006	The "extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway" refers to the conversion of cAMP to AMP by ecto-phosphodiesterase, followed by metabolism of AMP to adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase, with all the steps occurring in the extracellular compartment.	Adenosine	24-33	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	156-176
16527902-1	2006	The "extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway" refers to the conversion of cAMP to AMP by ecto-phosphodiesterase, followed by metabolism of AMP to adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase, with all the steps occurring in the extracellular compartment.	Adenosine	143-152	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	156-176
17353435-2	2007	Once generated, adenosine can activate cell-surface adenosine receptors (A1 AR, A2A AR, A2B AR, A3 AR).	Adenosine	16-25	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	73-78
17360481-4	2007	Rat AT2 cells generated and produced cAMP in response to adenosine, and micromolar concentrations of adenosine were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from mice.	Adenosine	57-66	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
28188287-3	2017	The present study investigated the possibility that adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, which causes nucleotide conversion by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes, might modulate DHFR expression.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	159-163
17360481-5	2007	Ussing chamber studies of rat AT2 cells indicated that adenosine affects ion transport through engagement of A(1)R, A(2a)R, and/or A(3)R through a mechanism that increases CFTR and amiloride-sensitive channel function.	Adenosine	55-64	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
28188287-3	2017	The present study investigated the possibility that adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, which causes nucleotide conversion by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes, might modulate DHFR expression.	Adenosine	52-61	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	189-193
27236567-0	2017	Adenosine produced from adenine nucleotides through an interaction between apoptotic cells and engulfing macrophages contributes to the appearance of transglutaminase 2 in dying thymocytes.	Adenosine	0-9	transglutaminase 2, C polypeptide	Mus musculus	150-168
16718268-10	2006	As ConA-induced clustering may reflect the interactions of membrane proteins with extracellular matrix, we also analysed the effect of several extracellular matrix proteins on the in-situ activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase in WM9 cells and found that tenascin C strongly inhibited ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity and adenosine generation from AMP.	Adenosine	313-322	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	200-220
27236567-5	2017	Here, we show that in vitro adenosine, adenosine, and retinoic acid or adenosine, TGF-beta and retinoic acids together can significantly enhance the TG2 mRNA expression in dying thymocytes.	Adenosine	28-37	transglutaminase 2, C polypeptide	Mus musculus	149-152
27236567-5	2017	Here, we show that in vitro adenosine, adenosine, and retinoic acid or adenosine, TGF-beta and retinoic acids together can significantly enhance the TG2 mRNA expression in dying thymocytes.	Adenosine	39-48	transglutaminase 2, C polypeptide	Mus musculus	149-152
16303857-1	2006	Adenosine acting through A(1) adenosine receptors (A1AR) has been shown previously to be required for the vasoconstriction elicited by high luminal NaCl concentrations at the macula densa (MD).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	25-49
16303857-1	2006	Adenosine acting through A(1) adenosine receptors (A1AR) has been shown previously to be required for the vasoconstriction elicited by high luminal NaCl concentrations at the macula densa (MD).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	51-55
27236567-5	2017	Here, we show that in vitro adenosine, adenosine, and retinoic acid or adenosine, TGF-beta and retinoic acids together can significantly enhance the TG2 mRNA expression in dying thymocytes.	Adenosine	39-48	transglutaminase 2, C polypeptide	Mus musculus	149-152
27236567-7	2017	In accordance, loss of A2ARs in A2AR null mice significantly attenuates the in vivo induction of TG2 following apoptosis induction in the thymus indicating that adenosine indeed contributes in vivo to the apoptosis-related appearance of the enzyme.	Adenosine	161-170	transglutaminase 2, C polypeptide	Mus musculus	97-100
27236567-8	2017	We also demonstrate that adenosine is produced extracellularly during engulfment of apoptotic thymocytes, partly from adenine nucleotides released via thymocyte pannexin-1 channels.	Adenosine	25-34	pannexin 1	Mus musculus	161-171
16670768-6	2006	Impressive differences in adenosine metabolism were also appreciated, with increased tissue adenosine levels and A(1), A(2B), and A(3) adenosine receptor expression and decreased adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in C57BL/6 animals.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	179-198
16670768-6	2006	Impressive differences in adenosine metabolism were also appreciated, with increased tissue adenosine levels and A(1), A(2B), and A(3) adenosine receptor expression and decreased adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in C57BL/6 animals.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	200-203
27236567-9	2017	Our data reveal a novel crosstalk between macrophages and apoptotic cells, in which apoptotic cell uptake-related adenosine production contributes to the appearance of TG2 in the dying thymocytes.	Adenosine	114-123	transglutaminase 2, C polypeptide	Mus musculus	168-171
28258700-4	2017	Extracellular adenosine generated by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 is a newly recognized "immune checkpoint mediator" that interferes with anti-tumor immune responses.	Adenosine	14-23	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	59-63
16644754-9	2006	However, preexposure of SKOV-3 cells to dipyridamole, an equilibrative nucleoside transporter inhibitor; APCP, a CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) inhibitor; or cold adenosine significantly inhibited cellular uptake of (3)H-AMP.	Adenosine	160-169	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	119-139
16644754-17	2006	The mechanism of intracellular uptake depends predominantly on equilibrative nucleoside transporters after conversion of AMP to adenosine by CD73 in SKOV-3, SCC-15, and U251 cells.	Adenosine	128-137	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	141-145
28041708-2	2017	Adenosine strongly impacts blood flow mostly via adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) expressed in coronary tissues.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	49-71
16569664-7	2006	Extracellular adenosine is equally able to activate AMPK and promote ACC phosphorylation in liver parenchymal cell models in a manner that is also inhibited by 5"-ITU.	Adenosine	14-23	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
16444287-6	2006	The ecto-5"-nucleotidase inhibitor AOPCP produces a 72% inhibition in the release of adenosine from CB evoked by nicotine.	Adenosine	85-94	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	4-24
28041708-2	2017	Adenosine strongly impacts blood flow mostly via adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) expressed in coronary tissues.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	73-77
28270751-10	2017	Neuromodulation of neuronal networks in cocaine use disorder via dopamine (DA) and adenosine signals involve A2AR-D2R and A2AR-D2R-Sigma1R heteroreceptor complexes in the dorsal and ventral striatum.	Adenosine	83-92	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	109-113
16497986-8	2006	Adenosine-induced phosphorylation of AMPK was not mediated by P1 receptors but required adenosine uptake by equilibrative nucleoside transporters followed by its (intracellular) metabolism to AMP.	Adenosine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
16497986-8	2006	Adenosine-induced phosphorylation of AMPK was not mediated by P1 receptors but required adenosine uptake by equilibrative nucleoside transporters followed by its (intracellular) metabolism to AMP.	Adenosine	88-97	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
16418778-0	2006	Human osteoblast precursors produce extracellular adenosine, which modulates their secretion of IL-6 and osteoprotegerin.	Adenosine	50-59	TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Homo sapiens	105-120
16418778-2	2006	Adenosine stimulated IL-6 but inhibited osteoprotegerin secretion, suggesting that adenosine is a newly described regulator of progenitor cell function.	Adenosine	0-9	TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Homo sapiens	40-55
28270751-10	2017	Neuromodulation of neuronal networks in cocaine use disorder via dopamine (DA) and adenosine signals involve A2AR-D2R and A2AR-D2R-Sigma1R heteroreceptor complexes in the dorsal and ventral striatum.	Adenosine	83-92	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	122-126
16418778-2	2006	Adenosine stimulated IL-6 but inhibited osteoprotegerin secretion, suggesting that adenosine is a newly described regulator of progenitor cell function.	Adenosine	83-92	TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Homo sapiens	40-55
27769744-3	2017	Pannexin1 (Panx1) is abundantly expressed in the brain and has been shown to contribute to adenosine signaling in nervous system tissues (Prochnow et al., 2012).	Adenosine	91-100	pannexin 1	Mus musculus	11-16
16399217-1	2006	The impact of age on the enzymatic activities of adenosine metabolic enzymes, i.e., adenosine deaminase, adenosine kinase, cytosolic- and ecto-5"-nucleotidase have been assessed in the brain sleep/wake regulatory areas of young, intermediate and old rats (2, 12 and 24 months, respectively).	Adenosine	49-58	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	123-158
27769744-4	2017	We hypothesized that pannexin1 may contribute to sleep-wake cycle regulation through extracellular adenosine, a well-established paracrine factor in slow wave sleep.	Adenosine	99-108	pannexin 1	Mus musculus	21-30
27769744-9	2017	These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that extracellular adenosine is relatively depleted in Panx1-/- animals due to the absence of the ATP-permeable hemichannels.	Adenosine	69-78	pannexin 1	Mus musculus	105-110
28038380-1	2017	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Mutations in the 5"-nucleotidase ecto (NT5E) gene that encodes CD73, a nucleotidase that converts AMP to adenosine, are linked to arterial calcification.	Adenosine	126-135	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	38-58
16236444-1	2006	Adenosine A(2A) receptor (A(2A)R) antagonists, including the non-specific adenosine antagonist caffeine, have been proposed as a novel, non-dopaminergic treatment strategy for Parkinson"s disease (PD).	Adenosine	74-83	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	0-24
28038380-1	2017	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Mutations in the 5"-nucleotidase ecto (NT5E) gene that encodes CD73, a nucleotidase that converts AMP to adenosine, are linked to arterial calcification.	Adenosine	126-135	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	60-64
28038380-1	2017	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Mutations in the 5"-nucleotidase ecto (NT5E) gene that encodes CD73, a nucleotidase that converts AMP to adenosine, are linked to arterial calcification.	Adenosine	126-135	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	84-88
16770441-6	2006	The adenosine-producing system in vertebrates involves a cascade dephosphorylating ATP and ending with 5"-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5) localized either on the membrane or inside the cell.	Adenosine	4-13	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	103-118
27321181-4	2017	Sequential hydrolysis of extracellular ATP catalyzed by CD39 and CD73 is the main pathway for the generation of adenosine in the tumor interstitium.	Adenosine	112-121	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	56-60
27926534-1	2017	Catalyzed by adenosine deaminase (ADAR), the adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) editing in RNA is not only involved in various important biological processes, but also closely associated with a series of major diseases.	Adenosine	13-22	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	34-38
16497164-3	2006	Alternatively, intracellular AMP is dephosphorylated to adenosine via cytosolic AMP 5"-nucleotidase (cN-I).	Adenosine	56-65	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA	Homo sapiens	70-99
16497164-3	2006	Alternatively, intracellular AMP is dephosphorylated to adenosine via cytosolic AMP 5"-nucleotidase (cN-I).	Adenosine	56-65	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA	Homo sapiens	101-105
28344879-1	2017	CD39 and CD73 are surface-expressed ectonucleotidases that hydrolyze ATP in a highly regulated, serial manner into ADP, AMP and adenosine.	Adenosine	128-137	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
16280366-4	2006	In addition to highlighting neutrophils as an early and pivotal target for mediating adenosine anti-inflammatory activities, these results identify TNF-alpha and the MIP chemokine family as gene products whose expression is pivotally affected by activation of A2AR in LPS-activated PMNs.	Adenosine	85-94	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	260-264
27365148-3	2016	Adenosine sharpens salience of information encoding in neuronal circuits: high-frequency stimulation triggers ATP release in the "activated" synapse, which is locally converted by ecto-nucleotidases into adenosine to selectively activate A2A R; A2A R switch off A1 R and CB1 receptors, bolster glutamate release and NMDA receptors to assist increasing synaptic plasticity in the "activated" synapse; the parallel engagement of the astrocytic syncytium releases adenosine further inhibiting neighboring synapses, thus sharpening the encoded plastic change.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	238-243
17337770-0	2006	Adenosine-mediated inhibition of cytotoxic activity and cytokine production by IL-2/NKp46-activated NK cells: involvement of protein kinase A isozyme I (PKA I).	Adenosine	0-9	natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1	Homo sapiens	84-89
17337770-1	2006	Adenosine suppresses the production of various cytokines/ chemokines and inhibits the cytotoxic activity of murine and human NK cells activated with IL-2 or Ly49D, NKp46-receptor crosslinking, respectively.	Adenosine	0-9	natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1	Homo sapiens	164-169
16805430-7	2006	We have discovered that treatment with adenosine, a neuromodulator that acts through G protein-coupled receptors, is capable of activating Trk tyrosine kinase receptors.	Adenosine	39-48	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	139-142
16805430-13	2006	Adenosine and PACAP (pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide) induce Trk activation specifically through their respective GPCRs to promote cell survival.	Adenosine	0-9	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	80-83
16120812-7	2005	When infused into the subcapsular interstitium, adenosine reduced superficial blood flow through A1AR activation.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	97-101
16120812-9	2005	Luminal adenosine caused vasoconstriction in the presence of L-NAME or the A2AR antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2-propynyl)xanthine.	Adenosine	8-17	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	75-79
16120812-10	2005	Our data show that global elevation of renal adenosine causes steady-state vasorelaxation resulting from adenosine 2 receptor (A2AR)-mediated generation of NO.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	127-131
16120812-11	2005	In contrast, selective augmentation of adenosine around afferent arterioles causes persistent vasoconstriction, indicating A1AR dominance.	Adenosine	39-48	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	123-127
16120812-12	2005	Thus, adenosine is a renal constrictor only when it can interact with afferent arteriolar A1AR without affecting the bulk of renal A2AR at the same time.	Adenosine	6-15	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	90-94
15930047-1	2005	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is considered to be the key regulator of the brain"s endogenous anticonvulsant, adenosine.	Adenosine	103-112	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	0-16
15930047-1	2005	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is considered to be the key regulator of the brain"s endogenous anticonvulsant, adenosine.	Adenosine	103-112	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	18-21
15930047-11	2005	We therefore conclude that therapeutic strategies that augment the adenosine system after astrogliosis-induced upregulation of ADK constitute a neurochemical rationale for the prevention of seizures in epilepsy.	Adenosine	67-76	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	127-130
16156010-5	2005	This adenosine originated partly as nucleotide, as inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase reduced the amount of adenosine detected in the probe following administration of amitriptyline.	Adenosine	5-14	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	65-85
16156010-5	2005	This adenosine originated partly as nucleotide, as inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase reduced the amount of adenosine detected in the probe following administration of amitriptyline.	Adenosine	108-117	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	65-85
15886017-4	2005	In NC cultures, addition of the adenosine receptor agonist NECA in the presence of BMP2 promotes sympathoadrenal cell development, whereas the antagonist CGS 15943 or the adenosine degrading enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) suppresses TH expression.	Adenosine	32-41	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Homo sapiens	83-87
15907156-1	2005	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme present in all organisms that catalyzes the irreversible deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine to inosine and deoxyinosine.	Adenosine	111-120	Adenosine deaminase	Drosophila melanogaster	0-19
15907156-1	2005	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme present in all organisms that catalyzes the irreversible deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine to inosine and deoxyinosine.	Adenosine	111-120	Adenosine deaminase	Drosophila melanogaster	21-24
15893296-7	2005	Inhibition of the enzymatic conversion of ATP to adenosine using a combination of a potent ecto-5"-nucleotidase inhibitor, alpha,beta-methylene adenosine 5"-diphosphate (AMP-CP), and a competitive substrate for ecto-5"-nucleotidase (guanosine monophosphate, GMP) did not affect basal VP release.	Adenosine	49-58	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	91-111
15893296-7	2005	Inhibition of the enzymatic conversion of ATP to adenosine using a combination of a potent ecto-5"-nucleotidase inhibitor, alpha,beta-methylene adenosine 5"-diphosphate (AMP-CP), and a competitive substrate for ecto-5"-nucleotidase (guanosine monophosphate, GMP) did not affect basal VP release.	Adenosine	49-58	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	211-231
15899864-2	2005	Upon interferon activation by dsRNA, 2",5"-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1A) is induced; it binds dsRNA and converts ATP into 2",5"-linked oligomers of adenosine (called 2-5A), which activate RNase L that in turn degrades viral and cellular RNAs.	Adenosine	154-163	2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase 1A	Mus musculus	72-77
18404504-9	2005	Various NTPDases may also distinctly affect formation of extracellular adenosine and therefore adenosine receptor-mediated responses, since they generate different amounts of the substrate (AMP) and inhibitor (ADP) of ecto-5"-nucleotidase, the rate limiting enzyme in the production of adenosine.	Adenosine	71-80	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	218-238
18404504-9	2005	Various NTPDases may also distinctly affect formation of extracellular adenosine and therefore adenosine receptor-mediated responses, since they generate different amounts of the substrate (AMP) and inhibitor (ADP) of ecto-5"-nucleotidase, the rate limiting enzyme in the production of adenosine.	Adenosine	95-104	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	218-238
15808907-12	2005	The effects of orexin A were completely blocked by adenosine type 1 receptor antagonists, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX) and theophylline, but not by naloxone, suggesting a possible involvement of the adenosine-containing neurons and/or the adenosine pathway in these orexin actions.	Adenosine	51-60	hypocretin	Mus musculus	15-21
15808907-12	2005	The effects of orexin A were completely blocked by adenosine type 1 receptor antagonists, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX) and theophylline, but not by naloxone, suggesting a possible involvement of the adenosine-containing neurons and/or the adenosine pathway in these orexin actions.	Adenosine	213-222	hypocretin	Mus musculus	15-23
15808907-12	2005	The effects of orexin A were completely blocked by adenosine type 1 receptor antagonists, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX) and theophylline, but not by naloxone, suggesting a possible involvement of the adenosine-containing neurons and/or the adenosine pathway in these orexin actions.	Adenosine	213-222	hypocretin	Mus musculus	15-21
15985713-8	2005	The mechanism underlying neuroprotective properties of PACAP seems to involve activation of adenylyl cyclase (AC) --> cyclic adenosine 3",5"-mono-phosphate (cAMP) --> protein kinase A (PKA) and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways, and inhibition of caspase-3.	Adenosine	125-134	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Homo sapiens	55-60
15769843-0	2005	Potentiation of neutrophil cyclooxygenase-2 by adenosine: an early anti-inflammatory signal.	Adenosine	47-56	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	27-43
15769843-2	2005	Adenosine, an endogenous autacoid with several anti-inflammatory properties, blocks the synthesis of leukotriene B(4) while it potentiates the cyclooxygenase-2 pathway in fMLP-treated neutrophils, following activation of the A(2A) receptor.	Adenosine	0-9	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	143-159
15769843-7	2005	Given the uncontrolled inflammatory phenotype observed in knockout mice and in view of the potent inhibitory actions of prostaglandin E(2) on inflammatory cells, an increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression resulting from A(2A) receptor activation, observed particularly in neutrophils, may take part in an early modulatory mechanism promoting anti-inflammatory activities of adenosine.	Adenosine	372-381	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	175-191
17169379-7	2007	The presence of NTPDases and 5"-nucleotidase enzymes in Walker 256 tumor cells may be important to regulate the ratio adenine nucleotides/adenine nucleoside extracellularly, therefore motivating tumor growth.	Adenosine	138-156	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	29-44
17129762-3	2007	It stimulates DP1 receptors on leptomeningeal cells of the basal forebrain to release adenosine as a paracrine signaling molecule to promote sleep.	Adenosine	86-95	prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens	14-17
17167068-7	2007	However, ADP responses were significantly enhanced in the presence of the ENT1 nucleoside transporter inhibitors dipyridamole and NBTI and were significantly inhibited by adenosine deaminase, indicating a role for extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	171-180	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	74-78
17099061-10	2007	In summary, adenosinergic inhibition of contracture is solely A(1)AR mediated; the response is "supraphysiological", evident only with significant periods of pre-ischaemic AR agonism (or increased A(1)AR density); and ischaemic contracture appears insensitive to locally generated adenosine, potentially owing to the rapidity of contracture development versus the finite time necessary for expression of AR-mediated cardioprotection.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	62-68
16685255-7	2007	Thus, low levels of ADK are essential to maintain adenosine-mediated neuroprotection.	Adenosine	50-59	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	20-23
17517775-1	2007	RNA-editing enzymes of the ADAR family convert adenosines to inosines in double-stranded RNA substrates.	Adenosine	47-57	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	27-31
17343900-3	2007	The di- and triphosphate nucleosides can be hydrolyzed by members of several families of ectonucleotidases, including ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (E-NTPDases) and ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (E-NPPs) that, together with an ecto-5"-nucleotidase, catalyze adenosine formation.	Adenosine	298-307	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	267-287
16956888-1	2006	RNA editing via the conversion of adenosine (A) to inosine (I) is catalyzed by two major families of adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs), ADAR1 and ADAR2.	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	145-150
16705150-6	2006	In isolated glomerular preparations, we developed a system for evaluating the effects of changing dietary salt on ecto-5"-nucleotidase (ecto-5"-NT) activity, the final enzyme in the conversion of ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	203-212	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	114-134
16705150-6	2006	In isolated glomerular preparations, we developed a system for evaluating the effects of changing dietary salt on ecto-5"-nucleotidase (ecto-5"-NT) activity, the final enzyme in the conversion of ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	203-212	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	136-146
16904273-1	2006	The serotonin receptor 5HT2CR pre-mRNA is subject to adenosine deamination (RNA editing) at five residues located within a 15 nucleotide stretch of the coding region.	Adenosine	53-62	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C	Mus musculus	23-29
16823836-0	2006	Adenosine upregulates CXCR4 and enhances the proliferative and migratory responses of human carcinoma cells to CXCL12/SDF-1alpha.	Adenosine	0-9	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12	Homo sapiens	111-117
27365148-3	2016	Adenosine sharpens salience of information encoding in neuronal circuits: high-frequency stimulation triggers ATP release in the "activated" synapse, which is locally converted by ecto-nucleotidases into adenosine to selectively activate A2A R; A2A R switch off A1 R and CB1 receptors, bolster glutamate release and NMDA receptors to assist increasing synaptic plasticity in the "activated" synapse; the parallel engagement of the astrocytic syncytium releases adenosine further inhibiting neighboring synapses, thus sharpening the encoded plastic change.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	245-250
16823836-7	2006	Adenosine may therefore be one of the factors within the tumor microenvironment that facilitates tumor dissemination, by upregulating CXCR4 on certain cancer cells and enhancing cellular responses to CXCL12.	Adenosine	0-9	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12	Homo sapiens	200-206
27365148-3	2016	Adenosine sharpens salience of information encoding in neuronal circuits: high-frequency stimulation triggers ATP release in the "activated" synapse, which is locally converted by ecto-nucleotidases into adenosine to selectively activate A2A R; A2A R switch off A1 R and CB1 receptors, bolster glutamate release and NMDA receptors to assist increasing synaptic plasticity in the "activated" synapse; the parallel engagement of the astrocytic syncytium releases adenosine further inhibiting neighboring synapses, thus sharpening the encoded plastic change.	Adenosine	204-213	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	238-243
27365148-3	2016	Adenosine sharpens salience of information encoding in neuronal circuits: high-frequency stimulation triggers ATP release in the "activated" synapse, which is locally converted by ecto-nucleotidases into adenosine to selectively activate A2A R; A2A R switch off A1 R and CB1 receptors, bolster glutamate release and NMDA receptors to assist increasing synaptic plasticity in the "activated" synapse; the parallel engagement of the astrocytic syncytium releases adenosine further inhibiting neighboring synapses, thus sharpening the encoded plastic change.	Adenosine	204-213	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	245-250
27365148-3	2016	Adenosine sharpens salience of information encoding in neuronal circuits: high-frequency stimulation triggers ATP release in the "activated" synapse, which is locally converted by ecto-nucleotidases into adenosine to selectively activate A2A R; A2A R switch off A1 R and CB1 receptors, bolster glutamate release and NMDA receptors to assist increasing synaptic plasticity in the "activated" synapse; the parallel engagement of the astrocytic syncytium releases adenosine further inhibiting neighboring synapses, thus sharpening the encoded plastic change.	Adenosine	461-470	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	238-243
27365148-11	2016	The main physiological role of the adenosine modulation system is to sharp the salience of information encoding through a combined action of adenosine A2A receptors (A2A R) in the synapse undergoing an alteration of synaptic efficiency with an increased inhibitory action of A1 R in all surrounding synapses.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	166-171
17079665-1	2006	Endogenous adenosine acting at the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) can modify brain injury in a variety of neurological disorder models.	Adenosine	11-20	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	35-57
17079665-1	2006	Endogenous adenosine acting at the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) can modify brain injury in a variety of neurological disorder models.	Adenosine	11-20	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	59-63
27365148-11	2016	The main physiological role of the adenosine modulation system is to sharp the salience of information encoding through a combined action of adenosine A2A receptors (A2A R) in the synapse undergoing an alteration of synaptic efficiency with an increased inhibitory action of A1 R in all surrounding synapses.	Adenosine	141-150	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	166-171
27365148-12	2016	Brain insults trigger an up-regulation of A2A R in an attempt to bolster adaptive plasticity together with adenosine release and A1 R desensitization; this favors synaptotocity (increased A2A R) and decreases the hurdle to undergo degeneration (decreased A1 R).	Adenosine	107-116	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	42-47
27761584-0	2016	Adenosine Generated in the Bone Marrow Niche Through a CD38-Mediated Pathway Correlates with Progression of Human Myeloma.	Adenosine	0-9	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	55-59
27761584-7	2016	Adenosine levels were significantly higher in the bone marrow plasma of patients with symptomatic myeloma and correlated with ISS staging, suggesting that adenosine is produced in the myeloma niche at micromolar levels by an ectoenzymatic network centered on CD38.	Adenosine	0-9	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	259-263
27761584-7	2016	Adenosine levels were significantly higher in the bone marrow plasma of patients with symptomatic myeloma and correlated with ISS staging, suggesting that adenosine is produced in the myeloma niche at micromolar levels by an ectoenzymatic network centered on CD38.	Adenosine	155-164	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	259-263
16885159-8	2006	In addition, secretion contains ecto-5"-nucleotidase, CD73, further converting [(3)H]AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	92-101	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	32-52
27557710-2	2016	By linking the catalytic domain of the RNA editing enzyme ADAR to an antisense guide RNA, specific adenosines can be converted to inosines, biological mimics for guanosine.	Adenosine	99-109	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	58-62
16885159-8	2006	In addition, secretion contains ecto-5"-nucleotidase, CD73, further converting [(3)H]AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	92-101	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	54-58
27906627-2	2016	Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) convert extracellular nucleotides in a sequential order: ATP to ADP, AMP, and then to adenosine.	Adenosine	174-183	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-48
17003354-6	2006	Extracellular adenosine under oxidative stress is largely inhibited after blockade of ecto-5"-nucleotidase, suggesting that extracellular adenosine results preferentially from ATP release and catabolism.	Adenosine	14-23	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	86-106
17003354-6	2006	Extracellular adenosine under oxidative stress is largely inhibited after blockade of ecto-5"-nucleotidase, suggesting that extracellular adenosine results preferentially from ATP release and catabolism.	Adenosine	138-147	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	86-106
27906627-2	2016	Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) convert extracellular nucleotides in a sequential order: ATP to ADP, AMP, and then to adenosine.	Adenosine	174-183	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	50-54
27903866-7	2016	This neuroprotective effect of caPAK4 was mediated by phosphorylation of CRTC1 [CREB (adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate response element-binding protein)-regulated transcription coactivator] at S215.	Adenosine	86-95	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-84
16840565-4	2006	Large dose capsaicin pretreatment to induce degeneration of transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1)-expressing C fibers greatly reduced, but did not abolish, the sensory irritation response to ATP aerosol and was without effect on the response to adenosine aerosol, indicating that ATP acts largely on capsaicin-sensitive (primarily C fibers) and adenosine acts on capsaicin-insensitive (primarily Adelta fibers) nerves.	Adenosine	361-370	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	60-105
27911851-1	2016	RNA editing in mammals is a form of post-transcriptional modification in which adenosine is converted to inosine by the adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) family of enzymes.	Adenosine	79-88	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	120-154
16873718-2	2006	Previous studies have implicated the equilibrative nucleoside transporter family member equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 (ENT1) in the regulation of cardiac adenosine levels.	Adenosine	163-172	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	88-126
16873718-2	2006	Previous studies have implicated the equilibrative nucleoside transporter family member equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 (ENT1) in the regulation of cardiac adenosine levels.	Adenosine	163-172	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	128-132
27911851-1	2016	RNA editing in mammals is a form of post-transcriptional modification in which adenosine is converted to inosine by the adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) family of enzymes.	Adenosine	79-88	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	156-160
27748841-0	2016	Effects of adenosine stimulation on the mRNA expression of CLCNKB in the basolateral medullary thick ascending limb of the rat kidney.	Adenosine	11-20	chloride voltage-gated channel Kb	Rattus norvegicus	59-65
16718378-2	2006	The levels of these molecules are controlled by ecto-NTPDases and ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 (ecto-5"-NT/CD73) actions, which are responsible for the complete ATP degradation to adenosine.	Adenosine	177-186	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	66-86
16718378-2	2006	The levels of these molecules are controlled by ecto-NTPDases and ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 (ecto-5"-NT/CD73) actions, which are responsible for the complete ATP degradation to adenosine.	Adenosine	177-186	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	87-91
16718378-2	2006	The levels of these molecules are controlled by ecto-NTPDases and ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 (ecto-5"-NT/CD73) actions, which are responsible for the complete ATP degradation to adenosine.	Adenosine	177-186	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	104-108
27748841-4	2016	The present study investigated the effects of adenosine on the mRNA expression of chloride voltage-gated channel Kb (CLCNKB), a candidate gene involved in hypertension, which encodes for the ClC-Kb channel.	Adenosine	46-55	chloride voltage-gated channel Kb	Rattus norvegicus	82-115
27748841-4	2016	The present study investigated the effects of adenosine on the mRNA expression of chloride voltage-gated channel Kb (CLCNKB), a candidate gene involved in hypertension, which encodes for the ClC-Kb channel.	Adenosine	46-55	chloride voltage-gated channel Kb	Rattus norvegicus	117-123
27748841-8	2016	The findings indicated that adenosine increased the mRNA expression of CLCNKB in primary cultures of medullary TAL cells, and this stimulatory effect was regulated by the cAMP-PKA and PLA2-arachidonic acid (AA) pathways.	Adenosine	28-37	chloride voltage-gated channel Kb	Rattus norvegicus	71-77
16860569-4	2006	We find that Fyn expression is sufficient to allow transactivation of Trk by adenosine and that Fyn and Trk are colocalized in a juxtanuclear membrane compartment.	Adenosine	77-86	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	70-73
16860569-5	2006	Adenosine activation of Fyn results in direct phosphorylation of Trk in vitro and follows a delayed time course that coincides with Trk activation.	Adenosine	0-9	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	65-68
27748841-8	2016	The findings indicated that adenosine increased the mRNA expression of CLCNKB in primary cultures of medullary TAL cells, and this stimulatory effect was regulated by the cAMP-PKA and PLA2-arachidonic acid (AA) pathways.	Adenosine	28-37	phospholipase A2 group IB	Rattus norvegicus	184-188
16860569-5	2006	Adenosine activation of Fyn results in direct phosphorylation of Trk in vitro and follows a delayed time course that coincides with Trk activation.	Adenosine	0-9	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	132-135
16688763-2	2006	Adenosine transport via human equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 (hENT1) is reduced by NO by unknown mechanisms in HUVEC.	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	71-76
16688763-3	2006	We examined whether gestational diabetes-reduced adenosine transport results from lower hENT1 gene (SLC29A1) expression.	Adenosine	49-58	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	88-93
27748841-9	2016	The present study showed that adenosine affected the mRNA expression of CLCNKB, initially through the cAMP-PKA pathway and then the PLA2-AA pathway.	Adenosine	30-39	chloride voltage-gated channel Kb	Rattus norvegicus	72-78
27748841-9	2016	The present study showed that adenosine affected the mRNA expression of CLCNKB, initially through the cAMP-PKA pathway and then the PLA2-AA pathway.	Adenosine	30-39	phospholipase A2 group IB	Rattus norvegicus	132-136
27895775-1	2016	Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (ENTPD1), also known as cluster of differentiation (CD)39, is the rate-limiting enzyme in the generation of immunosuppressive adenosine and is important in tumor progression.	Adenosine	175-184	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-48
16688763-3	2006	We examined whether gestational diabetes-reduced adenosine transport results from lower hENT1 gene (SLC29A1) expression.	Adenosine	49-58	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	100-107
16861292-1	2006	CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) on human gingival fibroblasts plays a role in the regulation of intracellular cAMP levels through the generation of adenosine, which subsequently activates adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	144-153	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
16861292-1	2006	CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) on human gingival fibroblasts plays a role in the regulation of intracellular cAMP levels through the generation of adenosine, which subsequently activates adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	144-153	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	6-26
15649894-6	2005	Functional analysis of the TM 1 and 11 mutants of hENT1 and CeENT1 revealed that Ala and Thr in the TM 1 and 11 positions, respectively, impaired uridine and adenosine transport and that Leu442 of hENT1 was involved in permeant selectivity.	Adenosine	158-167	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	50-55
27895775-1	2016	Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (ENTPD1), also known as cluster of differentiation (CD)39, is the rate-limiting enzyme in the generation of immunosuppressive adenosine and is important in tumor progression.	Adenosine	175-184	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	50-56
16861292-2	2006	In this study, we examined the involvement of ecto-adenosine deaminase, which can be anchored to CD26 on human gingival fibroblasts, in metabolizing adenosine generated by CD73, and thus attenuating adenosine receptor activation.	Adenosine	51-60	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	172-176
16861292-4	2006	Interestingly, the cAMP response to adenosine generated from 5"-AMP via CD73 and the ability of 5"-AMP to induce hyaluronan synthase 1 mRNA were significantly decreased by the pre-treatment of fibroblasts with Jurkat cell lysate.	Adenosine	36-45	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	72-76
27399166-8	2016	Gene polymorphisms within the adenosine pathway (ATIC, adenosine A2A receptor [ADORA2A]) and the MTX pathway (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR] and ABCB1) were genotyped using TaqMan assays.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	55-77
16861292-6	2006	These results suggest that ecto-adenosine deaminase metabolizes CD73-generated adenosine and regulates adenosine receptor activation.	Adenosine	32-41	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	64-68
15743400-2	2005	By selectively modifying adenosine metabolism via adenosine deaminase or adenosine kinase inhibitors, it may be possible to enhance the receptor-mediated protective actions of adenosine in a site- and event-specific fashion.	Adenosine	25-34	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	50-69
27696924-1	2016	The most widespread type of RNA editing, conversion of adenosine to inosine (A I), is catalyzed by two members of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) family, ADAR1 and ADAR2.	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	153-157
15557207-1	2005	The human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) is an important modulator of the physiological action of adenosine.	Adenosine	114-123	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	10-48
15557207-1	2005	The human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) is an important modulator of the physiological action of adenosine.	Adenosine	114-123	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	50-55
27696924-1	2016	The most widespread type of RNA editing, conversion of adenosine to inosine (A I), is catalyzed by two members of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) family, ADAR1 and ADAR2.	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	167-172
15557207-2	2005	We identified amino acid residues involved in adenosine transport using a yeast-based assay to rapidly screen and identify randomly generated hENT1 mutants that exhibited decreased sensitivity to inhibition of adenosine transport by various hENT1 competitive inhibitors.	Adenosine	46-55	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	142-147
15557207-2	2005	We identified amino acid residues involved in adenosine transport using a yeast-based assay to rapidly screen and identify randomly generated hENT1 mutants that exhibited decreased sensitivity to inhibition of adenosine transport by various hENT1 competitive inhibitors.	Adenosine	46-55	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	241-246
27618338-2	2016	SF3b is a multi-protein complex which recognizes the branch point adenosine of pre-mRNA as part of a larger U2 snRNP or U11/U12 di-snRNP in the dynamic spliceosome machinery.	Adenosine	66-75	LSM2 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA and mRNA degradation associated	Homo sapiens	111-116
15557207-2	2005	We identified amino acid residues involved in adenosine transport using a yeast-based assay to rapidly screen and identify randomly generated hENT1 mutants that exhibited decreased sensitivity to inhibition of adenosine transport by various hENT1 competitive inhibitors.	Adenosine	210-219	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	142-147
15557207-2	2005	We identified amino acid residues involved in adenosine transport using a yeast-based assay to rapidly screen and identify randomly generated hENT1 mutants that exhibited decreased sensitivity to inhibition of adenosine transport by various hENT1 competitive inhibitors.	Adenosine	210-219	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	241-246
15557207-10	2005	In contrast, Ser160 and Met89 of hENT1, respectively, play a dominant role in conferring sensitivity to dipyridamole and adenosine/guanosine affinity.	Adenosine	121-130	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	33-38
16468051-0	2006	Adenosine produced via the CD73/ecto-5"-nucleotidase pathway has no impact on erythropoietin production but is associated with reduced kidney weight.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	27-31
16468051-0	2006	Adenosine produced via the CD73/ecto-5"-nucleotidase pathway has no impact on erythropoietin production but is associated with reduced kidney weight.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	32-52
16468051-1	2006	CD73/ecto-5"-nucleotidase, which catalyzes the conversion of adenosine monophosphate to adenosine, has been implicated in vascular homeostasis.	Adenosine	61-70	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
16468051-1	2006	CD73/ecto-5"-nucleotidase, which catalyzes the conversion of adenosine monophosphate to adenosine, has been implicated in vascular homeostasis.	Adenosine	61-70	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	5-25
16468051-8	2006	We conclude that adenosine derived by the extracellular CD73 pathway has no impact on EPO production under basal conditions and after hypoxic challenge but may determine kidney weight.	Adenosine	17-26	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	56-60
18404475-3	2006	The formation of extracellular adenosine from adenosine 5"-monophosphate is accomplished primarily through ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-linked membrane protein found on the surface of a variety of cell types.	Adenosine	31-40	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	107-127
27626971-4	2016	Using an intracoronary Doppler guidewire, CBF was examined by evaluating changes in blood flow in response to acetylcholine and CFVR in response to adenosine.	Adenosine	148-157	CCAAT enhancer binding protein zeta	Homo sapiens	42-45
18404475-3	2006	The formation of extracellular adenosine from adenosine 5"-monophosphate is accomplished primarily through ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-linked membrane protein found on the surface of a variety of cell types.	Adenosine	31-40	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	129-133
16361361-7	2006	ATP, adenosine, and UTP significantly stimulated MMP-2 release in the presence of IL-1beta (300 nM ATP: 181 +/- 22%, P = 0.003; 30 microm adenosine: 244 +/- 150%, P = 0.001; and 200 microm UTP: 153 +/- 40%, P = 0.015; vs. 100% constitutive).	Adenosine	5-14	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	49-54
16361361-7	2006	ATP, adenosine, and UTP significantly stimulated MMP-2 release in the presence of IL-1beta (300 nM ATP: 181 +/- 22%, P = 0.003; 30 microm adenosine: 244 +/- 150%, P = 0.001; and 200 microm UTP: 153 +/- 40%, P = 0.015; vs. 100% constitutive).	Adenosine	138-147	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	49-54
16497986-0	2006	Extracellular nucleotides and adenosine independently activate AMP-activated protein kinase in endothelial cells: involvement of P2 receptors and adenosine transporters.	Adenosine	30-39	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	63-91
16497986-3	2006	We demonstrate that extracellular nucleotides (ATP, ADP, and UTP, but not UDP) and adenosine independently induce phosphorylation and activation of AMPK in human umbilical vein EC (HUVEC) by the mechanism that is not linked to changes in AMP:ATP ratio.	Adenosine	83-92	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	148-152
16497986-4	2006	HUVEC express NTPDases, as well as 5"-nucleotidase; hence, nucleotides can be metabolized to adenosine.	Adenosine	93-102	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	35-50
16540390-7	2006	Treatment of control cells with adenosine resulted in increased XOR activity similar to hypoxia.	Adenosine	32-41	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	64-67
16516871-1	2006	Recent data indicate that cocaine locomotor responses may be influenced by dopamine (DA) neurotransmission and adenosine neuromodulation involving the A2A receptor (A2AR).	Adenosine	111-120	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	151-163
16516871-1	2006	Recent data indicate that cocaine locomotor responses may be influenced by dopamine (DA) neurotransmission and adenosine neuromodulation involving the A2A receptor (A2AR).	Adenosine	111-120	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	165-169
16258000-2	2006	Adenosine levels in tissues are controlled in part by the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	65-84
16258000-2	2006	Adenosine levels in tissues are controlled in part by the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	86-89
16258000-3	2006	ADA-deficient mice accumulate adenosine levels in multiple tissues, including the lung, where adenosine contributes to the development of pulmonary inflammation and chronic airway remodeling.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-3
16258000-3	2006	ADA-deficient mice accumulate adenosine levels in multiple tissues, including the lung, where adenosine contributes to the development of pulmonary inflammation and chronic airway remodeling.	Adenosine	94-103	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-3
16258000-4	2006	The present study describes the development of pulmonary fibrosis in mice that have been genetically engineered to possess partial ADA enzyme activity and, thus, accumulate adenosine over a prolonged period of time.	Adenosine	173-182	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	131-134
16769676-1	2006	Site-specific deamination of five adenosine residues in the pre-mRNA of the serotonin 2C receptor, 5HT2CR, alters the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein.	Adenosine	34-43	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C	Mus musculus	99-105
16487508-5	2006	The stimulatory effect of IL-1beta on basal adenosine release was reduced by removal of extracellular Ca2+ and IP3 receptor inhibitor, while the stimulatory effect of IL-1beta on K(+)-stimulated adenosine release was reduced by ryanodine receptor inhibitor.	Adenosine	44-53	inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor 3	Mus musculus	111-123
16436623-3	2006	Neurospheres cultured from the adult mouse SVZ in the presence of epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2 expressed the ecto-nucleotidases NTPDase2 and the tissue non-specific isoform of alkaline phosphatase, hydrolyzing extracellular ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	257-266	fibroblast growth factor 2	Mus musculus	94-120
16332511-6	2006	Adenosine challenge significantly increased the levels of eosinophil peroxidase, neutrophil myeloperoxidase and beta-hexosaminidase in BAL.	Adenosine	0-9	O-GlcNAcase	Mus musculus	112-131
16799190-5	2006	ATP and AMP are metabolized by endothelial cell-surface enzymes, the ecto-apyrase (CD39, metabolizes ATP to AMP) and the 5"-ecto-nucleotidase (CD73, metabolizes AMP to adenosine).	Adenosine	168-177	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	143-147
16253211-4	2005	We observed increases in caspase-3 activity following exposure to adenosine.	Adenosine	66-75	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	25-34
16177079-11	2005	LAK cells with genetically disrupted AdoRA2A were resistant to the inhibitory effects of adenosine, CADO and NECA.	Adenosine	89-98	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	37-44
16177079-2	2005	Adenosine is an endogenous ligand for four different adenosine receptor (AdoR) subtypes (AdoRA1, AdoRA2A, AdoRA2B, and AdoRA3).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	89-95
16177079-2	2005	Adenosine is an endogenous ligand for four different adenosine receptor (AdoR) subtypes (AdoRA1, AdoRA2A, AdoRA2B, and AdoRA3).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	97-104
16161999-2	2005	The design of the I45DCs was based in part on the structures of trisubstituted purines complexed with cyclin dependent kinase 2 (cdk2), a protein important in regulating the G1/S transition in the cell cycle, and the intramolecular hydrogen bond in I45DCs that predisposes the conformation to one that mimics substituted adenosines.	Adenosine	321-331	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	129-133
16200394-1	2005	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase, the major enzyme controlling extracellular adenosine production, can be activated by phospholipids, e.g. lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC).	Adenosine	65-74	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-20
15637180-0	2005	Luminal adenosine stimulates chloride secretion through A1 receptor in mouse jejunum.	Adenosine	8-17	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	56-58
15637180-7	2005	The effect of apical adenosine on chloride secretion was lost in jejuna from mice lacking the A1R.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	94-97
15637180-9	2005	Furthermore, in jejuna from control mice, the effect of apical adenosine was also abolished in the presence of 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, a specific A1R antagonist.	Adenosine	63-72	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	158-161
15637180-11	2005	This study demonstrates that A1R (and not A(2A)R) mediates the enhancement of chloride secretion induced by luminal adenosine in mice jejunum.	Adenosine	116-125	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	29-32
15808907-12	2005	The effects of orexin A were completely blocked by adenosine type 1 receptor antagonists, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX) and theophylline, but not by naloxone, suggesting a possible involvement of the adenosine-containing neurons and/or the adenosine pathway in these orexin actions.	Adenosine	51-60	hypocretin	Mus musculus	15-23
15677478-2	2005	Two size forms of ADAR1 are known that possess adenosine-to-inosine editing activity: an interferon (IFN)-inducible approximately 150-kDa protein and a constitutively expressed N-terminally truncated approximately 110-kDa protein.	Adenosine	47-56	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	18-23
15840400-2	2005	Adenosine is deeply involved in the control of motor behaviour and substantial evidences indicate that adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists improve motor deficits in animal models of Parkinson"s disease.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	103-127
15539417-0	2005	Acute adenosine preconditioning is mediated by p38 MAPK activation in discrete subcellular compartments.	Adenosine	6-15	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
15539423-7	2005	Adenosine and NECA (0.1 microM) caused small contractions of 13.9 +/- 3.0 and 16.4 +/- 6.4%, respectively, and CCPA at 0.1 and 1.0 microM caused contractions of 30.8 +/- 4.3 and 28.1 +/- 3.9%, respectively, in A(1)AR((+/+)) rings.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	210-216
15539423-9	2005	Adenosine, NECA, and CGS-21680 produced an increase in maximal relaxation in A(1)AR((-/-)) compared with A(1)AR((+/+)) rings, whereas Cl-IBMECA did not produce contraction in either A(1)AR((+/+)) or A(1)AR((-/-)) rings.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	77-83
15539423-9	2005	Adenosine, NECA, and CGS-21680 produced an increase in maximal relaxation in A(1)AR((-/-)) compared with A(1)AR((+/+)) rings, whereas Cl-IBMECA did not produce contraction in either A(1)AR((+/+)) or A(1)AR((-/-)) rings.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	105-111
15539423-9	2005	Adenosine, NECA, and CGS-21680 produced an increase in maximal relaxation in A(1)AR((-/-)) compared with A(1)AR((+/+)) rings, whereas Cl-IBMECA did not produce contraction in either A(1)AR((+/+)) or A(1)AR((-/-)) rings.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	105-111
15539423-9	2005	Adenosine, NECA, and CGS-21680 produced an increase in maximal relaxation in A(1)AR((-/-)) compared with A(1)AR((+/+)) rings, whereas Cl-IBMECA did not produce contraction in either A(1)AR((+/+)) or A(1)AR((-/-)) rings.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	105-111
15630442-3	2005	In this study we examined the contribution of A(1) adenosine receptor (A(1)AR) signaling to the pulmonary inflammation and injury seen in adenosine deaminase-deficient (ADA-deficient) mice, which exhibit elevated adenosine levels.	Adenosine	51-60	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	71-77
15500958-8	2004	This effect was blocked by impermeant inhibitors of 5"-nucleotidase, indicating that the extracellular adenosine was derived from extracellular AMP.	Adenosine	103-112	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	52-67
15345696-0	2004	Adenosine up-regulation of the mucin gene, MUC2, in asthma.	Adenosine	0-9	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	31-36
15345696-5	2004	Results in cultured airway epithelial cells showed that MUC2 mucin expression increased in response to adenosine.	Adenosine	103-112	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	61-66
15345696-8	2004	These results suggest that adenosine cooperates with inflammatory cytokines to stimulate mucin production in the asthmatic airway and supports the use of A1, CLCA1, and EGFR inhibitors in the treatment of asthma.	Adenosine	27-36	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	89-94
15345696-8	2004	These results suggest that adenosine cooperates with inflammatory cytokines to stimulate mucin production in the asthmatic airway and supports the use of A1, CLCA1, and EGFR inhibitors in the treatment of asthma.	Adenosine	27-36	chloride channel accessory 1	Homo sapiens	158-163
15522276-8	2004	The role of PI-3K/PKB in adenosine-induced preconditioning was assessed by monitoring Caspase 3 activity and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release induced by exposure of cardiomyocytes to 4 h hypoxia (0.5% O(2)) followed by 18 h reoxygenation (HX4/R).	Adenosine	25-34	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	86-95
15452841-4	2004	On cardiac MRS, DM2/PROMM patients showed a reduction of phosphocreatine (PCr) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by 25 and 20% compared to matched healthy controls.	Adenosine	83-92	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-14 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	16-19
15450109-11	2004	CONCLUSION: During BIPC adenosine acting on the A1R appears necessary for myocardial protection.	Adenosine	24-33	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	48-51
15543949-2	2004	Adenosine may be released as from cells or, following adenine nucleotides release, they may be metabolized and rapidly converted to adenosine via the action of an ectoenzyme cascade formed by an ATP diphosphohydrolase and a 5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	224-239
15543949-2	2004	Adenosine may be released as from cells or, following adenine nucleotides release, they may be metabolized and rapidly converted to adenosine via the action of an ectoenzyme cascade formed by an ATP diphosphohydrolase and a 5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	132-141	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	224-239
15543949-8	2004	T3 stimulated CD73 activity and expression of the cells, suggesting that this effect could promote an increase in adenosine formation and, therefore, has an important modulatory role in the elicitation of responses that serve to restore the tissue oxygen supply-to-demand ratio back to normal.	Adenosine	114-123	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
15361858-3	2004	A small region of human K(V)1.1 mRNA sequence directs efficient modification of one adenosine by human adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 (hADAR2).	Adenosine	84-93	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	140-146
15571229-0	2004	Adenosine transport in HPRT deficient lymphocytes from Lesch-Nyhan disease patients.	Adenosine	0-9	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	23-27
15474886-3	2004	The mechanisms by which aggregated polyQ induces neurodegeneration include the binding of abnormal huntingtin to cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein, which hampers its ability to turn on transcription of other genes; mutant huntingtin binding to the active site on the cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein, which is essential for its acetyltransferase activity and, hence, the drugs that inhibit histone deacetylase arrest polyQ-dependent neurodegeneration; and/or disrupting the ubiquitin-proteasome system.	Adenosine	120-129	huntingtin	Homo sapiens	99-109
15474886-3	2004	The mechanisms by which aggregated polyQ induces neurodegeneration include the binding of abnormal huntingtin to cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein, which hampers its ability to turn on transcription of other genes; mutant huntingtin binding to the active site on the cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein, which is essential for its acetyltransferase activity and, hence, the drugs that inhibit histone deacetylase arrest polyQ-dependent neurodegeneration; and/or disrupting the ubiquitin-proteasome system.	Adenosine	304-313	huntingtin	Homo sapiens	99-109
15257174-1	2004	OBJECTIVE: To test markers within adenosine-related genes: A1 and A2a receptors (ADORA1, ADORA2a) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) for potential involvement in essential hypertension (EH).	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	81-87
15716377-1	2005	Mutations in the AAA adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) Spastin (SPG4) cause an autosomal dominant form of hereditary spastic paraplegia, which is a retrograde axonopathy primarily characterized pathologically by the degeneration of long spinal neurons in the corticospinal tracts and the dorsal columns.	Adenosine	21-30	spastin	Homo sapiens	55-62
15716377-1	2005	Mutations in the AAA adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) Spastin (SPG4) cause an autosomal dominant form of hereditary spastic paraplegia, which is a retrograde axonopathy primarily characterized pathologically by the degeneration of long spinal neurons in the corticospinal tracts and the dorsal columns.	Adenosine	21-30	spastin	Homo sapiens	64-68
16021917-0	2005	Expression of human ecto 5" nucleotidase in pig endothelial cells and its implication for adenosine production and xenotransplantation.	Adenosine	90-99	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	20-40
15319286-4	2004	Intravascular nucleotides released by inflammatory cells undergo phosphohydrolysis via hypoxia-induced CD39 ectoapyrase (CD39 converts adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate [ATP/ADP] to adenosine monophosphate [AMP]) and CD73 ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73 converts AMP to adenosine).	Adenosine	135-144	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	228-232
15319286-4	2004	Intravascular nucleotides released by inflammatory cells undergo phosphohydrolysis via hypoxia-induced CD39 ectoapyrase (CD39 converts adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate [ATP/ADP] to adenosine monophosphate [AMP]) and CD73 ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73 converts AMP to adenosine).	Adenosine	135-144	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	255-259
15319286-5	2004	Extensions of our in vitro findings using cd39- and cd73-null animals revealed that extracellular adenosine produced through adenine nucleotide metabolism during hypoxia is a potent anti-inflammatory signal for PMNs in vivo.	Adenosine	98-107	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	52-56
15319286-6	2004	These findings identify CD39 and CD73 as critical control points for endogenous adenosine generation and implicate this pathway as an innate mechanism to attenuate excessive tissue PMN accumulation.	Adenosine	80-89	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	33-37
15286003-4	2004	Adenosine and homocysteine significantly attenuated thrombin-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction and intercellular gap formation.	Adenosine	0-9	Rho GTPase activating protein 35	Homo sapiens	119-122
15286003-7	2004	Incubation with adenosine and homocysteine also enhanced in vitro interactions between RhoA and RhoGDI, as well as subcellular translocation of p190RhoGAP to the cytosol.	Adenosine	16-25	Rho GTPase activating protein 35	Homo sapiens	144-154
15341591-1	2004	Extracellular adenosine is dramatically increased during cerebral ischaemia and is considered to be neuroprotective due to its inhibitory effect on synaptic transmission mediated by the adenosine A1 receptor (A1R).	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	196-207
15341591-1	2004	Extracellular adenosine is dramatically increased during cerebral ischaemia and is considered to be neuroprotective due to its inhibitory effect on synaptic transmission mediated by the adenosine A1 receptor (A1R).	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	209-212
15341591-5	2004	Although the inhibitory action of adenosine on excitatory neurotransmission in hippocampal slices was lost in A1R knockout mice, there was no difference in damage between slices from wild-type and knockout mice after in vitro ischaemia.	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	110-113
15131243-8	2004	Moreover, PKCepsilon stimulates Ado uptake via the predominant NT in HL-1, mouse equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (mENT1).	Adenosine	32-35	protein kinase C, epsilon	Mus musculus	10-20
15210521-1	2004	BACKGROUND: Autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia (ADHSP) is mainly caused by mutations in the SPG4 gene, which encodes a new member of the AAA (adenosine triphosphatases associated with diverse cellular activities) protein family (spastin).	Adenosine	156-165	spastin	Homo sapiens	106-110
15210521-1	2004	BACKGROUND: Autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia (ADHSP) is mainly caused by mutations in the SPG4 gene, which encodes a new member of the AAA (adenosine triphosphatases associated with diverse cellular activities) protein family (spastin).	Adenosine	156-165	spastin	Homo sapiens	243-250
27430193-3	2016	CD39 is an ectonucleotidase able to hydrolyse adenosine triphosphate to create adenosine that may inhibit T-cell responses in patients with AECOPD.	Adenosine	46-55	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
27044320-5	2016	Adenosine-to-Inosine RNA editing by ADAR1 is proposed to destabilise duplexes formed from inverted repetitive elements within RNAs, which appear to prevent MDA5 from sensing these RNA as virus-like in the cytoplasm.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	36-41
27044320-5	2016	Adenosine-to-Inosine RNA editing by ADAR1 is proposed to destabilise duplexes formed from inverted repetitive elements within RNAs, which appear to prevent MDA5 from sensing these RNA as virus-like in the cytoplasm.	Adenosine	0-9	interferon induced with helicase C domain 1	Homo sapiens	156-160
27687780-1	2016	BACKGROUND: A-to-I RNA-editing mediated by ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) enzymes that converts adenosine to inosine in RNA sequence can generate mutations and alter gene regulation in metazoans.	Adenosine	49-58	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	43-47
15240680-3	2004	In this study, we show that adenosine suppressed IL-2-dependent proliferation of CTLL-2 T cells by inhibiting STAT5a/b tyrosine phosphorylation that is associated with IL-2R signaling without affecting IL-2-induced phosphorylation of Jak1 or Jak3.	Adenosine	28-37	Janus kinase 1	Mus musculus	234-238
15240680-3	2004	In this study, we show that adenosine suppressed IL-2-dependent proliferation of CTLL-2 T cells by inhibiting STAT5a/b tyrosine phosphorylation that is associated with IL-2R signaling without affecting IL-2-induced phosphorylation of Jak1 or Jak3.	Adenosine	28-37	Janus kinase 3	Mus musculus	242-246
15240680-5	2004	Adenosine dramatically increased Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP-2) tyrosine phosphorylation and its association with STAT5 in IL-2-stimulated CTLL-2 T cells, implicating SHP-2 in adenosine-induced STAT5a/b dephosphorylation.	Adenosine	0-9	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11	Mus musculus	88-93
15240680-5	2004	Adenosine dramatically increased Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP-2) tyrosine phosphorylation and its association with STAT5 in IL-2-stimulated CTLL-2 T cells, implicating SHP-2 in adenosine-induced STAT5a/b dephosphorylation.	Adenosine	0-9	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11	Mus musculus	198-203
15240680-5	2004	Adenosine dramatically increased Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP-2) tyrosine phosphorylation and its association with STAT5 in IL-2-stimulated CTLL-2 T cells, implicating SHP-2 in adenosine-induced STAT5a/b dephosphorylation.	Adenosine	207-216	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11	Mus musculus	88-93
15240680-5	2004	Adenosine dramatically increased Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP-2) tyrosine phosphorylation and its association with STAT5 in IL-2-stimulated CTLL-2 T cells, implicating SHP-2 in adenosine-induced STAT5a/b dephosphorylation.	Adenosine	207-216	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11	Mus musculus	198-203
27417582-3	2016	CD73 hydrolyzes AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	23-32	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
15240680-9	2004	Collectively, these findings suggest that adenosine acts through A(2) receptors and associated cAMP/protein kinase A-dependent signaling pathways to activate SHP-2 and cause STAT5 dephosphorylation that results in reduced IL-2R signaling in T cells.	Adenosine	42-51	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11	Mus musculus	158-163
15240734-2	2004	In this study, we have investigated the role(s) of the A(3) adenosine receptor in adenosine-dependent pulmonary inflammation observed in adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient mice.	Adenosine	60-69	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	137-156
15240734-2	2004	In this study, we have investigated the role(s) of the A(3) adenosine receptor in adenosine-dependent pulmonary inflammation observed in adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient mice.	Adenosine	60-69	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	158-161
27430240-0	2016	Adenosine and the adenosine A2A receptor agonist, CGS21680, upregulate CD39 and CD73 expression through E2F-1 and CREB in regulatory T cells isolated from septic mice.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	80-84
27557561-2	2016	Deficiency of ADA results in enhanced adenosine signaling which up-regulates OPN expression.	Adenosine	38-47	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	77-80
27482003-5	2016	Mouse genetic studies demonstrated that elevated CD73 contributed to hypoxia-induced adenosine accumulation and that elevated adenosine-mediated erythrocyte A2B adenosine receptor activation was beneficial by inducing 2,3-BPG production and triggering O2 release to prevent multiple tissue hypoxia, inflammation, and pulmonary vascular leakage.	Adenosine	85-94	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	49-53
15153659-0	2004	Calcineurin contributes to the enhancing effect of adenosine on nerve growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth via the decreased duration of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation.	Adenosine	51-60	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	64-83
15153659-0	2004	Calcineurin contributes to the enhancing effect of adenosine on nerve growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth via the decreased duration of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation.	Adenosine	51-60	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	140-176
15153659-2	2004	We found that adenosine increases NGF-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but decreases the duration of phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase.	Adenosine	14-23	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
15153659-2	2004	We found that adenosine increases NGF-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but decreases the duration of phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase.	Adenosine	14-23	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	159-162
27262403-3	2016	Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that in dying thymocytes the expression of Tgm2 is induced by external signals derived from engulfing macrophages, such as retinoids, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and adenosine, the latter triggering the adenylate cyclase signaling pathway.	Adenosine	224-233	transglutaminase 2, C polypeptide	Mus musculus	91-95
15153659-4	2004	FK506, a specific calcineurin inhibitor, inhibited the enhancing effect of adenosine on the NGF-induced neurite outgrowth and increased the duration of p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation without affecting ERK phosphorylation.	Adenosine	75-84	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
15153659-5	2004	These results suggest that adenosine decreases the duration of p38 MAP kinase via calcineurin activation, which contributes to the enhancement of NGF-induced neurite outgrowth.	Adenosine	27-36	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	63-77
15153659-5	2004	These results suggest that adenosine decreases the duration of p38 MAP kinase via calcineurin activation, which contributes to the enhancement of NGF-induced neurite outgrowth.	Adenosine	27-36	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	146-149
27793266-5	2016	The ability of the parasite to modulate the levels of extracellular ATP and adenosine either by directly acting on the levels of these molecules or by inducing the expression of CD39 and CD73 on the infected cell may influence the magnitude of the immune response against the parasite contributing to its growth and survival.	Adenosine	76-85	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	178-182
15033378-4	2004	In the brain adenosine mediates prominent neuroprotective functions via the adenosine A(1) receptor.	Adenosine	13-22	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	76-99
27335499-1	2016	Increasing evidence demonstrates that generation of extracellular adenosine from ATP, which is hydrolyzed by the CD39/CD73 enzyme pair, attenuates the inflammatory response and deactivates macrophage antimicrobial mechanisms.	Adenosine	66-75	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	118-122
14734746-0	2004	IFN-alpha induced adenosine production on the endothelium: a mechanism mediated by CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) up-regulation.	Adenosine	18-27	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	83-87
14734746-0	2004	IFN-alpha induced adenosine production on the endothelium: a mechanism mediated by CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) up-regulation.	Adenosine	18-27	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	89-109
14734746-1	2004	CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase; EC 3.1.3.5) participates in lymphocyte binding to endothelial cells and converts extracellular AMP into a potent anti-inflammatory substance adenosine.	Adenosine	169-178	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
14734746-1	2004	CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase; EC 3.1.3.5) participates in lymphocyte binding to endothelial cells and converts extracellular AMP into a potent anti-inflammatory substance adenosine.	Adenosine	169-178	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	6-26
14734746-4	2004	Moreover, CD73-mediated production of adenosine is increased after IFN-alpha treatment on endothelial cells, resulting in a decrease in the permeability of these cells.	Adenosine	38-47	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	10-14
15147507-7	2004	This effect was only apparent in hypoxia and when adenosine extracellular concentrations were reduced by the blockade of ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	50-59	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	121-141
14734746-8	2004	Overall, these results suggest that IFN-alpha is a relevant in vivo regulator of CD73 in the endothelial-leukocyte microenvironment in infections/inflammations, and thus has a fundamental role in controlling the extent of inflammation via CD73-dependent adenosine production.	Adenosine	254-263	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	81-85
15071115-0	2004	Direct interaction of adenosine with the TRPV1 channel protein.	Adenosine	22-31	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	41-46
27373337-3	2016	How Mettl3 and Mettl14 cooperate to catalyze methylation of adenosines has remained elusive.	Adenosine	60-70	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	4-10
15071115-3	2004	Activation of TRPV1 in the spinal cord and periphery promotes release of adenosine, which produces analgesia by activating A(1) and A(2A) adenosine receptor (AR) on central and peripheral neurons.	Adenosine	73-82	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	14-19
15071115-5	2004	Adenosine analogs inhibit TRPV1-mediated Ca(2+) entry in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells stably expressing TRPV1 (HEK/TRPV1) and DRG neurons.	Adenosine	0-9	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	26-31
15071115-5	2004	Adenosine analogs inhibit TRPV1-mediated Ca(2+) entry in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells stably expressing TRPV1 (HEK/TRPV1) and DRG neurons.	Adenosine	0-9	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	113-118
15071115-5	2004	Adenosine analogs inhibit TRPV1-mediated Ca(2+) entry in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells stably expressing TRPV1 (HEK/TRPV1) and DRG neurons.	Adenosine	0-9	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	113-118
15071115-9	2004	Adenosine analogs inhibited [(3)H]RTX binding to affinity-purified TRPV1, indicative of a direct interaction of these ligands with the receptor.	Adenosine	0-9	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	67-72
14734746-8	2004	Overall, these results suggest that IFN-alpha is a relevant in vivo regulator of CD73 in the endothelial-leukocyte microenvironment in infections/inflammations, and thus has a fundamental role in controlling the extent of inflammation via CD73-dependent adenosine production.	Adenosine	254-263	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	239-243
14687222-9	2004	The CD73/5"-NT expression was increased upon stimulation with gamma-interferon, but not other stimulants such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-4, lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis and Escherichia coli, and fimbriae from P. gingivalis, and this increase was correlated with the enhanced GM-CSF inhibition by 5"-AMP but not adenosine.	Adenosine	339-348	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	4-8
14687222-10	2004	CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggested that CD73/5"-NT on hGF exerts an anti-inflammatory effects in periodontal disease by conversion from 5"-AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	149-158	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	43-47
14687222-10	2004	CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggested that CD73/5"-NT on hGF exerts an anti-inflammatory effects in periodontal disease by conversion from 5"-AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	149-158	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	57-60
14615479-2	2004	We show here by gene targeting that ADAR1 selectively edits in vivo two of five closely spaced adenosines in the serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine subtype 2C receptor pre-mRNA of nervous tissue; and hence, site-selective adenosine-to-inosine editing is indeed a function of ADAR1.	Adenosine	95-105	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	36-41
27312972-0	2016	Early synaptic deficits in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer"s disease involve neuronal adenosine A2A receptors.	Adenosine	91-100	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	35-38
14615479-2	2004	We show here by gene targeting that ADAR1 selectively edits in vivo two of five closely spaced adenosines in the serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine subtype 2C receptor pre-mRNA of nervous tissue; and hence, site-selective adenosine-to-inosine editing is indeed a function of ADAR1.	Adenosine	95-105	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	270-275
14615479-2	2004	We show here by gene targeting that ADAR1 selectively edits in vivo two of five closely spaced adenosines in the serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine subtype 2C receptor pre-mRNA of nervous tissue; and hence, site-selective adenosine-to-inosine editing is indeed a function of ADAR1.	Adenosine	95-104	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	36-41
14615479-2	2004	We show here by gene targeting that ADAR1 selectively edits in vivo two of five closely spaced adenosines in the serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine subtype 2C receptor pre-mRNA of nervous tissue; and hence, site-selective adenosine-to-inosine editing is indeed a function of ADAR1.	Adenosine	95-104	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	270-275
26903141-0	2016	The adenosine metabolite inosine is a functional agonist of the adenosine A2A receptor with a unique signaling bias.	Adenosine	4-13	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	64-86
12855405-4	2004	Adenosine deaminase null mice (ADA-/-) exhibit abnormalities in alveogenesis in association with elevated lung adenosine levels.	Adenosine	111-120	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-19
14977414-4	2004	Extracellular cAMP is then converted to adenosine by the serial actions of ecto-phosphodiesterase and ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	40-49	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	102-122
15777019-7	2004	Adenosine causes an acute activation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase and NO release, with membrane hyperpolarization leading to increased system y+ activity in fetal endothelial cells.	Adenosine	0-9	interferon induced protein 44	Homo sapiens	44-47
14751870-5	2004	Adenosine (nonselective agonist), CPA (A(1)), CGS 21680 (A(2A)) or Cl-IB-MECA (A(3)), all increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a time- and dose-dependent manner.	Adenosine	0-9	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	100-106
14751870-7	2004	Theophylline (nonselective antagonist) inhibited completely adenosine-mediated ERK1/2 activation, whereas a partial inhibition was obtained with DPCPX (A(1)), ZM 241385 (A(2A)), and MRS 1220 (A(3)).	Adenosine	60-69	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	79-85
14751870-10	2004	Pertussis toxin (PTX, G(i/o) blocker) inhibited completely CPA- and partially adenosine- and Cl-IB-MECA-induced ERK1/2 activation.	Adenosine	78-87	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	112-118
15299191-4	2004	Adenosine is produced from AMP by the action of 5"-nucleotidase (5"-NT) and is converted back into AMP by adenosine kinase (AK) or into inosine by adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	48-63
14755130-10	2004	Based on the experimental data, a signaling pathway is proposed involving adenylate cyclase and protein kinase A, which causes phosphorylation of the IP(3) receptor, with a cross-talk between the signaling pathways activated by ghrelin and adenosine.	Adenosine	240-249	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3	Homo sapiens	150-164
14605885-0	2004	Exogenous adenosine enhances caspase-3 activity in warm renal ischaemia.	Adenosine	10-19	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	29-38
14609736-0	2003	Adenosine binding sites at S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase are controlled by the NAD+/NADH ratio of the enzyme.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosylhomocysteinase	Bos taurus	27-59
14609736-1	2003	S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcy hydrolase) catalyzes the reversible hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) to adenosine (Ado) and homocysteine.	Adenosine	126-135	adenosylhomocysteinase	Bos taurus	0-32
14609736-1	2003	S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcy hydrolase) catalyzes the reversible hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) to adenosine (Ado) and homocysteine.	Adenosine	34-37	adenosylhomocysteinase	Bos taurus	0-32
14636179-8	2003	Together, these results suggest that adenosine, acting through A2A receptors, may modulate the release of alpha-MSH in the cerebral cortex and amygdala.	Adenosine	37-46	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	106-115
14578500-0	2003	Involvement of CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) in adenosine generation by human gingival fibroblasts.	Adenosine	46-55	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	21-41
14578500-1	2003	Adenosine has various biological effects on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and epithelial cells closely associated with inflammation, such as cytokine production and cell adhesion.	Adenosine	0-9	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	72-75
14578500-3	2003	In this study, we examined the involvement of CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) in adenosine generation by HGF.	Adenosine	77-86	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	46-50
14578500-3	2003	In this study, we examined the involvement of CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) in adenosine generation by HGF.	Adenosine	77-86	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	52-72
14578500-3	2003	In this study, we examined the involvement of CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) in adenosine generation by HGF.	Adenosine	77-86	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	101-104
14578500-5	2003	Adenosine production was observed following the addition of 5"-AMP, the substrate of CD73-associated ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	85-89
14578500-5	2003	Adenosine production was observed following the addition of 5"-AMP, the substrate of CD73-associated ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	101-121
14578500-8	2003	These results suggest that CD73 on HGF is a critical enzyme responsible for the generation of adenosine, an immunomodulator that activates adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	94-103	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	27-31
14578500-8	2003	These results suggest that CD73 on HGF is a critical enzyme responsible for the generation of adenosine, an immunomodulator that activates adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	94-103	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	35-38
14504137-0	2003	Adenosine-induced IL-6 expression in pituitary folliculostellate cells is mediated via A2b adenosine receptors coupled to PKC and p38 MAPK.	Adenosine	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	130-138
12874832-0	2003	Adenosine inhibits activation-induced T cell expression of CD2 and CD28 co-stimulatory molecules: role of interleukin-2 and cyclic AMP signaling pathways.	Adenosine	0-9	CD2 antigen	Mus musculus	59-62
12874832-2	2003	Mouse T cells activated with anti-CD3 antibody in the presence of adenosine with or without coformycin (to prevent adenosine breakdown by adenosine deaminase) exhibited decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of some intracellular proteins and were inhibited in their ability to proliferate and synthesize interleukin (IL)-2.	Adenosine	66-75	CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide	Mus musculus	34-37
12874832-2	2003	Mouse T cells activated with anti-CD3 antibody in the presence of adenosine with or without coformycin (to prevent adenosine breakdown by adenosine deaminase) exhibited decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of some intracellular proteins and were inhibited in their ability to proliferate and synthesize interleukin (IL)-2.	Adenosine	66-75	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	138-157
12874832-2	2003	Mouse T cells activated with anti-CD3 antibody in the presence of adenosine with or without coformycin (to prevent adenosine breakdown by adenosine deaminase) exhibited decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of some intracellular proteins and were inhibited in their ability to proliferate and synthesize interleukin (IL)-2.	Adenosine	115-124	CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide	Mus musculus	34-37
12874832-2	2003	Mouse T cells activated with anti-CD3 antibody in the presence of adenosine with or without coformycin (to prevent adenosine breakdown by adenosine deaminase) exhibited decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of some intracellular proteins and were inhibited in their ability to proliferate and synthesize interleukin (IL)-2.	Adenosine	115-124	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	138-157
12874832-3	2003	In addition, adenosine interfered with activation-induced expression of the co-stimulatory molecules CD2 and CD28.	Adenosine	13-22	CD2 antigen	Mus musculus	101-104
12874832-6	2003	The inhibitory effect of adenosine on activation-induced CD2 and CD28 expression could not be attributed to cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation resulting from the stimulation of adenylyl cyclase-coupled adenosine receptors, even though cAMP at concentrations much higher than those generated following adenosine stimulation was inhibitory for both CD2 and CD28 expression.	Adenosine	25-34	CD2 antigen	Mus musculus	57-60
12874832-6	2003	The inhibitory effect of adenosine on activation-induced CD2 and CD28 expression could not be attributed to cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation resulting from the stimulation of adenylyl cyclase-coupled adenosine receptors, even though cAMP at concentrations much higher than those generated following adenosine stimulation was inhibitory for both CD2 and CD28 expression.	Adenosine	25-34	CD2 antigen	Mus musculus	65-68
12880422-6	2003	In a chemotaxis assay of human dendritic cells in response to macrophage inflammatory protein 3beta (MIP-3beta)/CCL19, adenosine caused a delay in transmigration.	Adenosine	119-128	C-C motif chemokine ligand 19	Homo sapiens	62-99
12880422-6	2003	In a chemotaxis assay of human dendritic cells in response to macrophage inflammatory protein 3beta (MIP-3beta)/CCL19, adenosine caused a delay in transmigration.	Adenosine	119-128	C-C motif chemokine ligand 19	Homo sapiens	101-110
12880422-6	2003	In a chemotaxis assay of human dendritic cells in response to macrophage inflammatory protein 3beta (MIP-3beta)/CCL19, adenosine caused a delay in transmigration.	Adenosine	119-128	C-C motif chemokine ligand 19	Homo sapiens	112-117
14978343-4	2004	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (E-5"-NT) has been considered to play a principal role in conversion of AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	100-109	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-20
14978343-4	2004	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (E-5"-NT) has been considered to play a principal role in conversion of AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	100-109	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	22-29
14736855-2	2004	Brain levels of adenosine are primarily regulated by the activity of adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	16-25	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	69-85
14760094-1	2004	PURPOSE: The purpose is to understand the expression of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN), an adenosine producing enzyme with potential roles in angiogenesis, growth, and immunosuppression, in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative and -positive breast cancer.	Adenosine	86-95	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	56-76
14760094-1	2004	PURPOSE: The purpose is to understand the expression of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN), an adenosine producing enzyme with potential roles in angiogenesis, growth, and immunosuppression, in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative and -positive breast cancer.	Adenosine	86-95	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	78-80
14760094-9	2004	CONCLUSIONS: Our results show for the first time that eN is negatively regulated by ERalpha in dominant fashion and suggests that eN expression and its generation of adenosine may relate to breast cancer progression.	Adenosine	166-175	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	54-56
14760094-9	2004	CONCLUSIONS: Our results show for the first time that eN is negatively regulated by ERalpha in dominant fashion and suggests that eN expression and its generation of adenosine may relate to breast cancer progression.	Adenosine	166-175	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	130-132
15609080-1	2004	The role of muscle contraction, prostanoids, nitric oxide and adenosine in the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and endothelial cell proliferative compounds in skeletal muscle cell cultures was examined.	Adenosine	62-71	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	136-166
15609080-1	2004	The role of muscle contraction, prostanoids, nitric oxide and adenosine in the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and endothelial cell proliferative compounds in skeletal muscle cell cultures was examined.	Adenosine	62-71	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	168-172
15609080-10	2004	The present data demonstrate that contractile activity, NO, adenosine and products of cyclooxygenase regulate the expression of VEGF and bFGF mRNA in skeletal muscle cells and that contractile activity and NO regulate endothelial cell proliferative compounds in muscle extracellular fluid.	Adenosine	60-69	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	137-141
14732620-2	2004	The most common form of hereditary spastic paraplegia is caused by mutations in the spastin gene (SPG4), which encodes spastin, an adenosine triphosphatase associated with various cellular activities protein.	Adenosine	131-140	spastin	Homo sapiens	84-91
14732620-2	2004	The most common form of hereditary spastic paraplegia is caused by mutations in the spastin gene (SPG4), which encodes spastin, an adenosine triphosphatase associated with various cellular activities protein.	Adenosine	131-140	spastin	Homo sapiens	98-102
14732620-2	2004	The most common form of hereditary spastic paraplegia is caused by mutations in the spastin gene (SPG4), which encodes spastin, an adenosine triphosphatase associated with various cellular activities protein.	Adenosine	131-140	spastin	Homo sapiens	119-126
14751870-16	2004	In summary, we have shown that ERK1/2 activation by adenosine in cardiomyocytes results from an additive stimulation of A(1), A(2A), and A(3)ARs, which involves G(i/o) proteins, PKC, and tyrosine kinase for A(1) and A(3)ARs, and Gs and PKA for A(2A)ARs.	Adenosine	52-61	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	31-37
14755130-6	2004	The results showed that adenosine induced, in a dose-dependent manner, a calcium mobilization from IP(3)-sensitive intracellular stores since the IP(3) receptor blocker 2-APB was able to suppress the calcium response.	Adenosine	24-33	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3	Homo sapiens	146-160
15714002-5	2004	RESULTS: ATP or adenosine (100 microM) induced extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), Akt and GSK3beta phosphorylation.	Adenosine	16-25	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	108-116
12907448-5	2003	However, in circulating chicken embryonic RBCs, the enzyme is induced together with carbonic anhydrase (CAII) and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) by norepinephrine (NE) and adenosine, which are released by the embryo under hypoxic conditions.	Adenosine	175-184	carbonic anhydrase 2	Gallus gallus	104-108
14560043-2	2003	The extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway refers to the conversion of cAMP to AMP by ectophosphodiesterase, followed by metabolism of AMP to adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase, with all steps occurring in the extracellular compartment.	Adenosine	23-32	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	153-173
14560043-2	2003	The extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway refers to the conversion of cAMP to AMP by ectophosphodiesterase, followed by metabolism of AMP to adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase, with all steps occurring in the extracellular compartment.	Adenosine	140-149	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	153-173
12954591-4	2003	It appears that the steady-state response to the increase of plasma adenosine levels above normal resulting from the infusion is global renal vasorelaxation that is the result of A2AR activation in most parts of the renal vasculature, including larger renal arteries, juxtamedullary afferent arterioles, efferent arterioles, and medullary vessels.	Adenosine	68-77	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	179-183
12954591-6	2003	In contrast, isolated perfused afferent arterioles of superficial and midcortical nephrons of rabbit and mouse, especially in their most distal segment at the entrance to the glomerulus, respond to adenosine with persistent vasoconstriction, indicating predominant or exclusive expression of A1AR.	Adenosine	198-207	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	292-296
14504137-7	2003	These findings indicate that adenosine can stimulate IL-6 secretion in FS cells via the A2b receptor coupled principally to PLC/PKC and p38 MAPK; such an action may be important in the modulation of inflammatory response processes in the pituitary gland.	Adenosine	29-38	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	136-144
12952466-6	2003	8-Aza substitution at adenosine in various RNA substrates accelerates the rate of deamination at these sites by ADAR2 (2.8-17-fold).	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	112-117
12952466-8	2003	N(6)-Methyladenosine in RNA is a slow substrate for ADAR2 (rate is 2% that of adenosine), with no product observed with N(6)-ethyladenosine, suggesting a limited size of the leaving group pocket.	Adenosine	11-20	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	52-57
12920200-1	2003	Adenosine acting via A2a receptors (A2aR) is a potent cerebral vasodilator that relaxes vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by a mechanism attributed to activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAK).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
12897202-4	2003	We also determined whether adenosine induced IL-13 in lungs from ADA-null mice.	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	65-68
12897202-7	2003	ADA enzyme therapy diminished the IL-13-induced increase in adenosine, inhibited IL-13-induced inflammation, chemokine elaboration, fibrosis, and alveolar destruction, and prolonged the survival of IL-13-transgenic animals.	Adenosine	60-69	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-3
12897202-8	2003	In addition, IL-13 was strongly induced by adenosine in ADA-null mice.	Adenosine	43-52	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	56-59
12707258-0	2003	Adherent leukocytes prevent adenosine formation and impair endothelial barrier function by Ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73-dependent mechanism.	Adenosine	28-37	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	91-111
12707258-0	2003	Adherent leukocytes prevent adenosine formation and impair endothelial barrier function by Ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73-dependent mechanism.	Adenosine	28-37	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	112-116
12717009-14	2003	However, A1AR overexpression improved tolerance for both ages, restoring adenosine-mediated protection.	Adenosine	73-82	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	9-13
26903141-8	2016	Our data demonstrate that inosine produces ERK1/2-biased signaling whereas adenosine produces cAMP-biased signaling at the A2AR, highlighting pharmacological differences between these two agonists.	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	123-127
27114365-6	2016	Furthermore adenosine increased the activities of GSH-Px and SOD, as well as retained mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and reduced the expression of ERK, p38, and JNK.	Adenosine	12-21	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	141-144
27114365-6	2016	Furthermore adenosine increased the activities of GSH-Px and SOD, as well as retained mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and reduced the expression of ERK, p38, and JNK.	Adenosine	12-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	196-199
12679375-6	2003	AMP was either dephosphorylated into adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (inhibited by ATP and blocked by 200 microM alpha,beta-methylene ADP) or deaminated into IMP by ecto-AMP deaminase (inhibited by 200 microM deoxycoformycin, which increased adenosine formation).	Adenosine	37-46	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	50-70
26733167-2	2016	Adenosine is an important immunosuppressive factor which can be secreted by both tumor and immune cells trough action of two cell surface ecto-nucleotidase molecules CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	175-179
12606673-0	2003	Norepinephrine evoked by potassium depolarization increases interstitial adenosine concentration via activation of ecto-5"-nucleotidase in rat hearts.	Adenosine	73-82	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	115-135
12606673-8	2003	We conclude that high [K(+)](o)-induced NE release from sympathetic nerve terminals increases adenosine by stimulating the PKC-ecto-5"-nucleotidase cascade through alpha(1)-adrenoceptors.	Adenosine	94-103	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	127-147
27245613-8	2016	Furthermore, increased cAMP concentrations enhanced the expression of HIF target genes encoding CD39 and CD73, which are enzymes that convert extracellular adenosine 5"-triphosphate to adenosine, a molecule that enhances tumor immunosuppression and reduces heart rate and contractility.	Adenosine	156-165	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	96-100
27213506-2	2016	The present study aimed to explore the effects of cluster of differentiation (CD200) on adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels and inflammatory response in PD mice.	Adenosine	88-97	CD200 antigen	Mus musculus	78-83
12560324-14	2003	Collectively, these experiments support a major role for extracellular nucleotide catalysis and for ecto 5"-NT and NS AP in the regulation of adenosine concentrations on airway surfaces.	Adenosine	142-151	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	100-110
12787573-13	2003	ATP is released both spinally and peripherally following inflammation or injury, and may be converted to adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase contributing an additional source of adenosine.	Adenosine	105-114	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	118-138
12787573-13	2003	ATP is released both spinally and peripherally following inflammation or injury, and may be converted to adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase contributing an additional source of adenosine.	Adenosine	176-185	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	118-138
12600879-4	2003	The adenosine agonist NECA (100 micromol/L) increased interleukin-8 (IL-8), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and angiopoietin-2 mRNA expression.	Adenosine	4-13	angiopoietin 2	Homo sapiens	123-137
27068975-10	2016	The heterotetrameric structure of the A2AR-D2R complex offers a novel model that can provide new clues about how to adjust the drug dosage to the expected levels of endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	176-185	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	38-42
26973651-7	2016	This purine nucleotide is rapidly hydrolyzed to adenosine by ectoenzymes on the macrophage surface, CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	48-57	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	100-104
27057473-1	2016	CD39 and CD73 are key enzymes in the adenosine (ADO) pathway.	Adenosine	37-46	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
27057473-1	2016	CD39 and CD73 are key enzymes in the adenosine (ADO) pathway.	Adenosine	48-51	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
26842680-8	2016	In Treg, TEX-mediated down-regulation of genes regulating the adenosine pathway translated into high expression of CD39 and increased adenosine production.	Adenosine	62-71	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	115-119
12556361-15	2003	Adenosine generated by the action of 5"-nucleotidase may elicit further effects on ion transport, often opposite those of ATP.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	37-52
26655226-1	2016	Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, catalyzed by the ADAR enzyme family, acts on dsRNA structures within pre-mRNA molecules.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	60-64
26253870-1	2016	PURPOSE: CD73 is an adenosine-generating ecto-enzyme that suppresses antitumor immunity in mouse models of cancer, including prostate cancer.	Adenosine	20-29	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	9-13
26647875-10	2016	Both adenosine and 5-Aza-CdR increased MEG3 mRNA expression and the CpG island of MEG3 gene in HepG2 cells was typical hypermethylation.	Adenosine	5-14	maternally expressed 3	Homo sapiens	39-43
26647875-10	2016	Both adenosine and 5-Aza-CdR increased MEG3 mRNA expression and the CpG island of MEG3 gene in HepG2 cells was typical hypermethylation.	Adenosine	5-14	maternally expressed 3	Homo sapiens	82-86
26647875-13	2016	These findings are the first to identify that adenosine increases MEG3 expression by inhibition of DNA methylation and its antitumor effects is involved in MEG3 activation.	Adenosine	46-55	maternally expressed 3	Homo sapiens	66-70
12663448-1	2003	Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis: the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent ligation of glutamate and cysteine.	Adenosine	128-137	glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	0-33
26647875-13	2016	These findings are the first to identify that adenosine increases MEG3 expression by inhibition of DNA methylation and its antitumor effects is involved in MEG3 activation.	Adenosine	46-55	maternally expressed 3	Homo sapiens	156-160
12663448-1	2003	Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis: the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent ligation of glutamate and cysteine.	Adenosine	128-137	glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	35-44
26612708-6	2016	Yet, we still lack a complete understanding of how specific ADAR family members can selectively deaminate certain adenosines while others cannot.	Adenosine	114-124	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	60-64
12665561-1	2003	ADAR1 and ADAR2 are editing enzymes that deaminate adenosine to inosine in long double stranded RNA duplexes and specific pre-mRNA transcripts.	Adenosine	51-60	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	10-15
26658668-4	2015	This review will explore this question by focusing primarily on adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing by the adenine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes that have been intensively studied for the past 20 years and have a wide range of effects.	Adenosine	64-73	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	146-150
12719472-1	2003	The RNA-editing enzyme adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA (ADAR1) deaminates adenosines to inosines in double-stranded RNA substrates.	Adenosine	79-89	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	61-66
26432867-5	2015	Because AMP hydrolysis by the ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) plays a central role in and is rate-limiting for generation of adenosine in the normal lung, we hypothesized that ALI would be attenuated in C57BL/6-congenic CD73-knockout (CD73-KO) mice.	Adenosine	121-130	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	30-50
12559769-0	2003	Too much of a good thing: adenosine overload in adenosine-deaminase-deficient mice.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	48-67
26432867-5	2015	Because AMP hydrolysis by the ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) plays a central role in and is rate-limiting for generation of adenosine in the normal lung, we hypothesized that ALI would be attenuated in C57BL/6-congenic CD73-knockout (CD73-KO) mice.	Adenosine	121-130	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	52-56
26596786-1	2015	A paper recently published in Science reports that adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1-dependent adenosine-to-inosine editing marks endogenous double strand RNA as self and prevents their immune recognition by cytosolic RNA sensor MDA5.	Adenosine	51-60	interferon induced with helicase C domain 1	Homo sapiens	231-235
12234600-1	2002	The enzyme S-adenosyl-homocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase) which catalyzes the reversible hydrolysis of AdoHcy to adenosine and homocysteine is an adenosine binding protein.	Adenosine	112-121	adenosylhomocysteinase	Bos taurus	11-44
12234600-1	2002	The enzyme S-adenosyl-homocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase) which catalyzes the reversible hydrolysis of AdoHcy to adenosine and homocysteine is an adenosine binding protein.	Adenosine	112-121	adenosylhomocysteinase	Bos taurus	46-55
12234600-2	2002	In the present study we examined the characteristics of [(3)H]cAMP binding to purified AdoHcyase from bovine kidney in comparison with the high affinity adenosine binding site of AdoHcyase.	Adenosine	153-162	adenosylhomocysteinase	Bos taurus	179-188
12234600-11	2002	Our data indicate that the binding site for nanomolar concentrations of cAMP and adenosine at the AdoHcyase appears to be identical.	Adenosine	81-90	adenosylhomocysteinase	Bos taurus	98-107
26331349-0	2015	CD73-mediated adenosine production promotes stem cell-like properties in mouse Tc17 cells.	Adenosine	14-23	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
26331349-1	2015	The CD73 ectonucleotidase catalyses the hydrolysis of AMP to adenosine, an immunosuppressive molecule.	Adenosine	61-70	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	4-8
26331349-7	2015	These data reveal a novel function of CD73 ectonucleotidase in arresting CD8(+) T-cell differentiation and support the idea that CD73-driven adenosine production by Tc17 cells may promote stem cell-like properties in Tc17 cells.	Adenosine	141-150	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	38-42
12351209-3	2002	Mice with a genetic disruption of the gene encoding adenosine kinase (Adk(-/-))-the major adenosine metabolizing enzyme-were used as a source for the derivation of adenosine releasing neuronal cells.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	70-73
26331349-7	2015	These data reveal a novel function of CD73 ectonucleotidase in arresting CD8(+) T-cell differentiation and support the idea that CD73-driven adenosine production by Tc17 cells may promote stem cell-like properties in Tc17 cells.	Adenosine	141-150	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	129-133
12351209-6	2002	Cultured neuroectodermal Adk(-/-) cells released up to 2 micro g adenosine per mg protein per hour.	Adenosine	65-74	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	25-28
26529652-3	2015	The common 34C&gt;T loss-of-function variant of AMPD1 (rs17602729) is associated with increased adenosine formation, but effects on immune function and outcome in sepsis patients are unknown.	Adenosine	96-105	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	48-53
12493585-1	2002	OBJECTIVES: To investigate plasma activities of 5"-nucleotidase, a key enzyme in the production of adenosine and evaluate the relationship between changes in 5"-nucleotidase activities and pregnancy-related hormones, estrogen, progesterone and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in women with hyperemesis gravidarum.	Adenosine	99-108	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	48-63
26226423-4	2015	CD39 and CD73 are two ectonucleotidases that cooperate in the generation of extracellular adenosine through ATP hydrolysis, thus tilting the balance towards immunosuppressive microenvironments.	Adenosine	90-99	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
12119284-0	2002	Gap junctions between cells expressing connexin 43 or 32 show inverse permselectivity to adenosine and ATP.	Adenosine	89-98	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	39-50
26226423-6	2015	In this review, we discuss evidence that supports a role of CD73 and CD39 ectonucleotidases in controlling naive T-cell homeostasis and memory cell survival through adenosine production.	Adenosine	165-174	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	69-73
12119284-8	2002	Thus, addition of phosphate to adenosine appears to shift its relative permeability from channels formed by Cx32 to channels formed by Cx43.	Adenosine	31-40	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	135-139
26506509-1	2015	Extracellular adenosine, generated by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) via enzymatic catalyzation, has been found to facilitate atherosclerosis (AS).	Adenosine	14-23	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	38-58
12106679-3	2002	To help determine if adenosine might play a role in the control of orexin neurons, immunohistochemistry was used to characterize the distribution of adenosine A1 receptor protein on the orexinergic neurons.	Adenosine	21-30	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	67-73
26506509-1	2015	Extracellular adenosine, generated by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) via enzymatic catalyzation, has been found to facilitate atherosclerosis (AS).	Adenosine	14-23	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	60-64
26080748-3	2015	In the mammalian brain, ecto-nucleotidases comprise three enzyme families: ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases 1-3 (NTPDase1-3), ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phospodiesterases 1-3 (NPP1-3), and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN), which crucially determine ATP/adenosine ratio in the pericellular milieu.	Adenosine	267-276	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	75-127
12110591-5	2002	The conserved branch-point in tobacco rpl16 is chosen even if an adjacent unpaired adenosine is available, suggesting that spatial arrangements in domain 6 determine correct branch-point selection.	Adenosine	83-92	rpl16	Nicotiana tabacum	38-43
26080748-3	2015	In the mammalian brain, ecto-nucleotidases comprise three enzyme families: ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases 1-3 (NTPDase1-3), ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phospodiesterases 1-3 (NPP1-3), and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN), which crucially determine ATP/adenosine ratio in the pericellular milieu.	Adenosine	267-276	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	129-139
26622427-0	2015	Effect of adenosine on GLAST expression in the retina of a chronic ocular hypertension rat model.	Adenosine	10-19	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	23-28
12016589-1	2002	Adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL; also called "adenylosuccinase") catalyzes two steps in the synthesis of purine nucleotides: (1) the conversion of succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide ribotide into aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribotide and (2) the conversion of adenylosuccinate into adenosine monophosphate.	Adenosine	275-284	adenylosuccinate lyase	Homo sapiens	0-22
12016589-1	2002	Adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL; also called "adenylosuccinase") catalyzes two steps in the synthesis of purine nucleotides: (1) the conversion of succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide ribotide into aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribotide and (2) the conversion of adenylosuccinate into adenosine monophosphate.	Adenosine	275-284	adenylosuccinate lyase	Homo sapiens	24-28
12016589-1	2002	Adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL; also called "adenylosuccinase") catalyzes two steps in the synthesis of purine nucleotides: (1) the conversion of succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide ribotide into aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribotide and (2) the conversion of adenylosuccinate into adenosine monophosphate.	Adenosine	275-284	adenylosuccinate lyase	Homo sapiens	42-60
26622427-1	2015	This study was performed to evaluate the effect of adenosine and an adenosine receptor antagonist on the expression of the L-glutamate/L-aspartate transporter (GLAST) in the retina of a chronic ocular hypertension (COH) rat model.	Adenosine	51-60	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	123-158
12632419-7	2003	At those concentrations, ADA1 would be expected to be functionally dominant due to its higher affinity for adenosine.	Adenosine	107-116	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	25-29
26622427-1	2015	This study was performed to evaluate the effect of adenosine and an adenosine receptor antagonist on the expression of the L-glutamate/L-aspartate transporter (GLAST) in the retina of a chronic ocular hypertension (COH) rat model.	Adenosine	51-60	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	160-165
12632419-10	2003	CONCLUSION: Elevated ADA1 activity is an intrinsic characteristic of RA FLS, which likely contributes to the pathogenesis of RA by neutralizing the antirheumatic properties of endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	187-196	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	21-25
12111038-0	2002	Contribution of I(K,ADO) to the negative dromotropic effect of adenosine.	Adenosine	63-72	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenase	Cavia porcellus	20-23
12111038-1	2002	OBJECTIVE: Despite the pathophysiological and therapeutic significance of the negative dromotropic effect of adenosine, its underlying ionic mechanism, and specifically the role of the adenosine-activated K(+) current (I(K,ADO)) is not experimentally defined.	Adenosine	109-118	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenase	Cavia porcellus	223-226
26622427-6	2015	Compared with the COH group, GLAST mRNA expression was decreased by 33.6% in the group treated with adenosine (n=6, P=0.020) and was increased by 159.6% in the group treated with SCH442416 (n=6, P=0.001).	Adenosine	100-109	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	29-34
12111038-10	2002	CONCLUSION: I(K,ADO) contributes significantly to the negative dromotropic effect of adenosine, but predominantly at relatively high concentrations of the nucleoside.	Adenosine	85-94	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenase	Cavia porcellus	16-19
12670309-6	2003	The source for extracellular adenosine was likely to be intracellular adenosine as the ecto-5"-nucleotidase inhibitor alpha beta-methylene-ADP was unable to block the effect of NMDA.	Adenosine	29-38	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	87-107
26622427-7	2015	Administration of adenosine decreased GLAST protein expression by 34.7% (n=6, P&lt;0.001), while treatment with the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist SCH442416 increased GLAST protein expression by 48.3% compared with the control COH group (n=6, P&lt;0.001).	Adenosine	18-27	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	38-43
12606947-7	2003	Adenosine also suppressed NF-kappaB-dependent reporter gene expression activated by TNF or by overexpression of TNFR1, TRAF 2, NIK, and p65 subunit of NF-kappaB.	Adenosine	0-9	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	136-160
26622427-8	2015	Immunohistochemical experiments showed that administration of adenosine decreased GLAST protein expression, as compared with expression in the control COH rat retina.	Adenosine	62-71	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	82-87
12376291-5	2002	The twitch tension was also enhanced in rats of IP10 group at 24 h, but at 2 h, though with less effectiveness than that in IP5 and Ade group.	Adenosine	132-135	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
26252972-5	2015	Experimental study shows that ADAR2 selectively edits the R/G site, while ADAR1 edits more promiscuously at several other adenosines.	Adenosine	122-132	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	74-79
12096211-1	2002	Adenosine is a purine nucleoside which mediates a variety of cellular responses relevant to asthma and COPD through interaction with specific receptors.	Adenosine	0-9	COPD	Homo sapiens	103-107
12096211-2	2002	Administration of adenosine by inhalation to patients with asthma and COPD is known to cause concentration related bronchoconstriction.	Adenosine	18-27	COPD	Homo sapiens	70-74
26259769-1	2015	ADAR (adenosine deAminase acting on RNA) editases catalyze the deamination of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I), a post-transcriptional modification that alters coding and non-coding RNA stability and function.	Adenosine	6-15	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-4
12598932-1	2003	Using whole-cell patch clamp technique this study investigated the effects of adenosine (Ado) on action potential, L-type calcium current (I(Ca.L)), delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs), and transient inward current (I(ti)) induced by isoproterenol (Iso) in guinea pig isolated single ventricular myocytes.	Adenosine	78-87	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenase	Cavia porcellus	89-92
26313746-5	2015	Pharmacologic inhibition and/or genetic ablation of enzymes that generate extracellular adenosine (EAD) (e.g. the ectoenzyme CD73) or degrade EAD (e.g. adenosine deaminase) revealed that EAD dramatically increases murine resistance to S. pneumoniae lung infection.	Adenosine	88-97	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	125-129
12546701-6	2003	Adenosine, acting through the A(3) adenosine receptor, as well as other agonists of G(alpha i)-coupled receptors, transiently increased PtdIns(3,4,5) P (3) exclusively via PI3K gamma.	Adenosine	0-9	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma	Mus musculus	172-182
12929389-2	2003	A series of new potent bisubstrate inhibitors for COMT, resulting from X-ray structure-based design and featuring adenosine and catechol moieties have been synthesised.	Adenosine	114-123	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	50-54
12096211-4	2002	Evaluation of airways responsiveness by adenosine induced bronchoconstriction may be valuable in differentiating asthma from COPD, monitoring of anti-inflammatory treatment in asthma, surveying disease progression, and assessing disease activity in relation to allergic airways inflammation.	Adenosine	40-49	COPD	Homo sapiens	125-129
26037610-0	2015	Discovery and structural analyses of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase inhibitors based on non-adenosine analogs.	Adenosine	97-106	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	37-72
12098587-4	2002	At the time of the decrease in adenosine levels, an increase in striatal adenosine A(2A) receptor mRNA levels (+20%), measured by in situ hybridization, was observed.	Adenosine	31-40	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	73-97
11814344-2	2002	hENT1 is involved in the uptake of natural nucleosides, including regulation of the physiological effects of extracellular adenosine, and transports nucleoside drugs used in the treatment of cancer and viral diseases.	Adenosine	123-132	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-5
12459255-1	2002	Adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA -2 (ADAR2) is a member of a family of vertebrate genes that encode adenosine (A)-to-inosine (I) RNA deaminases, enzymes that deaminate specific A residues in specific pre-mRNAs to produce I.	Adenosine	104-113	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	0-39
12459255-1	2002	Adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA -2 (ADAR2) is a member of a family of vertebrate genes that encode adenosine (A)-to-inosine (I) RNA deaminases, enzymes that deaminate specific A residues in specific pre-mRNAs to produce I.	Adenosine	104-113	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	41-46
26037610-1	2015	Optimization of a new series of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase) inhibitors based on non-adenosine analogs led to very potent compounds 14n, 18a, and 18b with IC50 values of 13 +- 3, 5.0 +- 2.0, and 8.5 +- 3.1 nM, respectively.	Adenosine	104-113	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	32-67
26037610-1	2015	Optimization of a new series of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase) inhibitors based on non-adenosine analogs led to very potent compounds 14n, 18a, and 18b with IC50 values of 13 +- 3, 5.0 +- 2.0, and 8.5 +- 3.1 nM, respectively.	Adenosine	104-113	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	69-78
26091716-0	2015	CD56brightCD16- NK Cells Produce Adenosine through a CD38-Mediated Pathway and Act as Regulatory Cells Inhibiting Autologous CD4+ T Cell Proliferation.	Adenosine	33-42	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	0-14
12163487-0	2002	Adenosine to inosine editing by ADAR2 requires formation of a ternary complex on the GluR-B R/G site.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	32-37
12163487-0	2002	Adenosine to inosine editing by ADAR2 requires formation of a ternary complex on the GluR-B R/G site.	Adenosine	0-9	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Homo sapiens	85-91
11750876-5	2002	Adenosine and adenosine agonists can activate Trk receptor phosphorylation specifically through the seven transmembrane spanning adenosine 2A (A2A) receptor.	Adenosine	0-9	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	46-49
11750876-5	2002	Adenosine and adenosine agonists can activate Trk receptor phosphorylation specifically through the seven transmembrane spanning adenosine 2A (A2A) receptor.	Adenosine	14-23	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	46-49
11750876-8	2002	Unlike the biological actions of other tyrosine kinase receptors, increased Trk receptor activity by adenosine resulted in increased cell survival.	Adenosine	101-110	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	76-79
11750876-9	2002	This article will discuss potential mechanisms by which adenosine can activate trophic responses through Trk tyrosine kinase receptors.	Adenosine	56-65	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	105-108
12297833-6	2002	ET(A) desensitization also occurred in response to prostaglandin E(2), adenosine, or ET(B) stimulation.	Adenosine	71-80	endothelin receptor type A	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
26091716-0	2015	CD56brightCD16- NK Cells Produce Adenosine through a CD38-Mediated Pathway and Act as Regulatory Cells Inhibiting Autologous CD4+ T Cell Proliferation.	Adenosine	33-42	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	53-57
26091716-12	2015	In conclusion, CD56(bright)CD16(-) NK cells act as "regulatory cells" through ADO produced by an ectoenzymes network, with a pivotal role of CD38.	Adenosine	78-81	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	15-19
26211589-9	2015	The regulation of extracellular nucleotides released in response to hypoxia and inflammation through E-NTPDase and E-ADA enzymes represent an important control of purine-mediated in the SCA disease, avoiding elevated adenosine levels in the extracellular medium and consequent organ injuries in these patients.	Adenosine	217-226	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 8	Homo sapiens	101-110
12356888-3	2002	This inosine signal was greatly reduced by addition of the ecto-5"-nucleotidase inhibitor alpha,beta-methylene ADP (200 microM), suggesting that the inosine arose from adenosine that was produced in the extracellular space by the prior release of ATP.	Adenosine	168-177	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	59-79
12356889-6	2002	Addition of the ecto-5"-nucleotidase inhibitor alpha,beta-methylene ADP (200 microM) to the dorsal surface of the brainstem completely abolished the signal evoked by hypoxia, suggesting that the inosine arose from adenosine that was produced in the extracellular space by the prior release of ATP.	Adenosine	214-223	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	16-36
12571440-1	2002	The present study investigated plasma activity of 5"-nucleotidase, a key enzyme in the production of adenosine, in pre-eclampsia, and evaluated the relationship between changes in 5"-nucleotidase activity, and levels of uric acid, endproduct of the purine metabolism, and the severity of pre-eclampsia.	Adenosine	101-110	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	50-65
25762024-4	2015	However, an extension in CGS21680 compared with adenosine, the (2-carboxyethyl)phenylethylamino group, binds in an extended vestibule formed from transmembrane regions 2 and 7 (TM2 and TM7) and extracellular loops 2 and 3 (EL2 and EL3).	Adenosine	48-57	spectrin beta, erythrocytic	Homo sapiens	231-234
11756633-3	2002	The adenosine A(1)-receptor agonist, N(6)-(2-phenylisopropyl) adenosine, R (-) isomer (R-PIA) (1 microM), induced an age-dependent reduction of respiratory frequency that could be reversed by the adenosine antagonist theophylline (55 microM).	Adenosine	4-13	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Rattus norvegicus	87-92
11717194-1	2001	In this study we examined the influence of adenosine on the cellular functions of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF), such as the production of inflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrices (ECM), and the expression and function of adhesion molecules.	Adenosine	43-52	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	110-113
26005855-7	2015	CD39 also contributes to Tr1 suppressive activity by generating adenosine in cooperation with CD73 expressed by responder T cells and antigen-presenting cells.	Adenosine	64-73	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
12204768-3	2002	The level of adenosine during perfusion of adenosine 5"-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) was given as an index of the activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase in the tissue.	Adenosine	13-22	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	127-147
11731589-11	2001	Inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase with AOPCP in electro-stimulated cells resulted in a 70% lower (P &lt; 0.05) rate of extracellular adenosine accumulation compared with control cells, indicating that adenosine to a large extent is formed in the extracellular space during contraction.	Adenosine	134-143	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	14-34
12204768-4	2002	Endogenous norepinephrine (NE) activates both alpha(1)-adrenoceptors and protein kinase C (PKC), which, in turn, activates ecto-5"-nucleotidase via phosphorylation thereby enhancing the production of interstitial adenosine.	Adenosine	213-222	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	123-143
25681585-4	2015	Consistent with the finding of AMPD induction, adenosine accumulation during ischemia was much attenuated in HIF-1alpha-expressing hearts.	Adenosine	47-56	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	109-119
12204768-8	2002	Nitric oxide (NO) facilitates the production of interstitial adenosine, via guanosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP)-mediated activation of ecto-5"-nucleotidase as another pathway.	Adenosine	61-70	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	143-163
11731589-11	2001	Inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase with AOPCP in electro-stimulated cells resulted in a 70% lower (P &lt; 0.05) rate of extracellular adenosine accumulation compared with control cells, indicating that adenosine to a large extent is formed in the extracellular space during contraction.	Adenosine	202-211	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	14-34
25780038-0	2015	Regulatory T cell-derived adenosine induces dendritic cell migration through the Epac-Rap1 pathway.	Adenosine	26-35	RAP1A, member of RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	86-90
11641103-1	2001	The hypothesis that adenosine acting on adenosine A1 receptors (A1R) regulates several renal functions and mediates tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) was examined using A1R knockout mice.	Adenosine	20-29	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	64-67
11641103-1	2001	The hypothesis that adenosine acting on adenosine A1 receptors (A1R) regulates several renal functions and mediates tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) was examined using A1R knockout mice.	Adenosine	20-29	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	167-170
11641103-8	2001	The results demonstrate that adenosine acting on A1R is required for TGF and modulates renin release.	Adenosine	29-38	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	49-52
12189203-2	2002	Here we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence for a synergism between adenosine and glutamate based on subtype 5 metabotropic glutamate (mGluR5) and adenosine A2A (A2AR) receptor/receptor interactions.	Adenosine	70-79	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	137-143
12187107-1	2002	It has been demonstrated in anti-Thy1 glomerulonephritis that extracellular adenine nucleotides have a significant pro-inflammatory activity, however, glomerular ATP/ADPase, which in concert with 5"-nucleotidase converts ATP/ADP, and AMP to anti-inflammatory adenosine had an anti-inflammatory role.	Adenosine	259-268	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	196-211
25780038-8	2015	In aggregate, these data show that Treg degrade ATP to adenosine via CD39, attracting DC by activating Epac1-Rap1-dependent pathways.	Adenosine	55-64	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	69-73
25780038-8	2015	In aggregate, these data show that Treg degrade ATP to adenosine via CD39, attracting DC by activating Epac1-Rap1-dependent pathways.	Adenosine	55-64	RAP1A, member of RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	109-113
25582055-1	2015	BACKGROUND: ADAR enzymes convert adenosines to inosines within double-stranded RNAs, including microRNA (miRNA) precursors, with important consequences on miRNA retargeting and expression.	Adenosine	33-43	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	12-16
12122499-0	2002	Relaxation of the mouse isolated aorta and carotid artery in response to adenosine analogues in genetically-modified mice lacking the adenosine A(2A) receptor.	Adenosine	73-82	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	134-158
11513604-12	2001	A crystal structure of the complex of RNase A with 2"-deoxyuridine 3"-pyrophosphate (P"--&gt;5") adenosine (dUppA), determined at 1.7 A resolution, together with models of the UppA complex based on this structure suggest that His119 contributes to UppA cleavage through a hydrogen bond with a nonbridging oxygen atom in the pyrophosphate and through pi-pi stacking with the six-membered ring of adenine.	Adenosine	97-106	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	38-45
25048519-7	2015	Coadjuvant ectoenzymes include PC-1/CD203a, CD39, and CD73, which control the production of ADO.	Adenosine	92-95	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	44-48
11454656-1	2001	Although adenosine analogues such as 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) relax the rat thoracic aorta in a partially endothelium-dependent manner via adenosine A(2A) receptors, others such as N(6)-R-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) act via an endothelium-independent, antagonist-insensitive mechanism.	Adenosine	9-18	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Rattus norvegicus	194-232
12065294-6	2002	In the absence of the inhibitor/regenerator system, extracellular ATP was rapidly broken down to ADP, AMP, and adenosine.	Adenosine	111-120	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8A2	Homo sapiens	66-69
12065294-9	2002	EPEC killing of host cells releases ATP, which is broken down to adenosine, which in turn stimulates secretion via apical adenosine A2b receptors.	Adenosine	65-74	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8A2	Homo sapiens	36-39
25490556-2	2014	It works in conjunction with CD39 to regulate the formation and degradation of adenosine in vivo.	Adenosine	79-88	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	29-33
11433002-19	2001	Phagocytosis of fluorescent beads was inhibited by ATP, but the ecto-5"-nucleotidase inhibitor alpha, beta-methylene ADP prevented this, suggesting that inhibition was mediated by extracellular conversion of ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	215-224	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	64-84
12069942-3	2002	Adenosine production was measured as the activity of soluble 5"-nucleotidase and membrane-bound ecto-5"-nucleotidase in the membrane pellet and supernatant fractions of left and right ventricular muscle and gracilis muscle taken from 10 DA and 10 COP rats.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	61-76
25352330-4	2014	Furthermore, ATP is rapidly degraded into adenosine by ectonucleotidases such as CD39 and CD73, and adenosine exerts additional regulatory effects through its own receptors.	Adenosine	42-51	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	81-85
11322507-8	2001	In our search for endogenous ligands for the orphan receptors GHS-R and GPR38, we showed that adenosine is a partial agonist of the GHS-R and that motilin is the endogenous ligand for GPR38.	Adenosine	94-103	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	62-67
11322507-8	2001	In our search for endogenous ligands for the orphan receptors GHS-R and GPR38, we showed that adenosine is a partial agonist of the GHS-R and that motilin is the endogenous ligand for GPR38.	Adenosine	94-103	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	132-137
25473378-2	2014	Adenosine mediates its anti-inflammatory activity primarily through the adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR), a member of the G-protein coupled receptors.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	72-94
11156949-0	2001	Leptin-induced lipolysis opposes the tonic inhibition of endogenous adenosine in white adipocytes.	Adenosine	68-77	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
12069942-3	2002	Adenosine production was measured as the activity of soluble 5"-nucleotidase and membrane-bound ecto-5"-nucleotidase in the membrane pellet and supernatant fractions of left and right ventricular muscle and gracilis muscle taken from 10 DA and 10 COP rats.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	96-116
12069942-4	2002	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity in the membrane pellet of hearts from both DA and COP accounted for the vast majority of the total tissue adenosine production (&gt;90% in the left ventricle and &gt;80% in the right ventricle).	Adenosine	136-145	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	0-20
11156949-13	2001	It can be concluded that the lipolytic effect of leptin is located at the adenylate cyclase/Gi proteins level and that leptin-induced lipolysis opposes the tonic inhibition of endogenous adenosine in white adipocytes.	Adenosine	187-196	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	49-55
25473378-2	2014	Adenosine mediates its anti-inflammatory activity primarily through the adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR), a member of the G-protein coupled receptors.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	96-100
11156949-13	2001	It can be concluded that the lipolytic effect of leptin is located at the adenylate cyclase/Gi proteins level and that leptin-induced lipolysis opposes the tonic inhibition of endogenous adenosine in white adipocytes.	Adenosine	187-196	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	119-125
25473378-4	2014	We sought to harness the anti-inflammatory effects of adenosine by enhancing the responsiveness of A2aR to endogenously produced adenosine through allosteric modulation.	Adenosine	54-63	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	99-103
12045454-4	2002	Moreover, exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to adenosine or the agonists leads to the induction of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) production.	Adenosine	60-69	colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte)	Mus musculus	112-149
25473378-4	2014	We sought to harness the anti-inflammatory effects of adenosine by enhancing the responsiveness of A2aR to endogenously produced adenosine through allosteric modulation.	Adenosine	129-138	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	99-103
12045454-4	2002	Moreover, exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to adenosine or the agonists leads to the induction of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) production.	Adenosine	60-69	colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte)	Mus musculus	151-156
25473378-19	2014	CONCLUSIONS: AEA061 increases affinity and Bmax of A2aR to adenosine, thereby increasing adenosine potency and efficacy, which translates to enhanced A2aR responsiveness.	Adenosine	59-68	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	51-55
25473378-19	2014	CONCLUSIONS: AEA061 increases affinity and Bmax of A2aR to adenosine, thereby increasing adenosine potency and efficacy, which translates to enhanced A2aR responsiveness.	Adenosine	59-68	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	150-154
11264476-3	2001	Nucleotides are rapidly converted to adenosine by a family of ecto-nucleotidases including CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	37-46	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	100-104
25473378-19	2014	CONCLUSIONS: AEA061 increases affinity and Bmax of A2aR to adenosine, thereby increasing adenosine potency and efficacy, which translates to enhanced A2aR responsiveness.	Adenosine	89-98	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	51-55
25457181-5	2014	These Ca2+-binding proteins differentially modulate allosteric interactions within the A2AR-D2R heteromer, which constitutes a unique cellular device that integrates extracellular (adenosine and dopamine) and intracellular (Ca+2) signals to produce a specific functional response.	Adenosine	181-190	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	87-91
11121320-1	2001	It has been shown that preconditioning either by proximal pedicle clamping or by pedicle intravascular drug administration, for example with adenosine, can improve flap survival.	Adenosine	141-150	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein	Rattus norvegicus	164-168
11121320-7	2001	In the pharmacologic preconditioning group adenosine was locally injected in the cranial half of the flap before the cranial pedicle was cut.	Adenosine	43-52	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein	Rattus norvegicus	101-105
12061138-3	2002	The level of adenosine during adenosine 5"-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) perfusion serves as an index of the activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase in the tissue.	Adenosine	13-22	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	121-141
12061138-4	2002	Endogenous norepinephrine (NE) activates alpha 1-adrenoceptors to lead to the activation of protein kinase C (PKC), which, in turn, activates ecto-5"-nucleotidase via phosphorylation, thereby enhancing the production of interstitial adenosine.	Adenosine	233-242	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	142-162
12061138-6	2002	Nicorandil, a hybrid of an ATP sensitive K+ (KATP) channel opener and nitrate, increases the level of interstitial adenosine via cGMP-mediated activation of ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	115-124	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	157-177
12061138-8	2002	Nitric oxide (NO) facilitates the production of interstitial adenosine, via activation of ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	61-70	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	90-110
12061138-9	2002	However, singlet oxygen (1O2) is a very powerful oxidant that causes inactivation of ecto-5"-nucleotidase to result in a decrease in the concentration of adenosine in rat heart.	Adenosine	154-163	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	85-105
25199539-5	2014	First, we found that adenosine stimulation mimicked the effect of acupuncture on microRNA profiling (including miR-339, miR-145 and miR-451) and protein level (including Sirt2) in nerve growth factor-induced differentiated PC12 cells.	Adenosine	21-30	microRNA 145	Rattus norvegicus	120-127
24907587-5	2014	Peripheral administration of adenosine in wild-type (WT) mice led to a 2.3-fold increase in caspase-1 activity in the amygdala and to a 33% and 42% reduction in spontaneous locomotor activity and food intake, respectively, that were not observed in caspase-1 knockout (KO), IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) KO and A2A AR KO mice or in mice administered a caspase-1 inhibitor centrally.	Adenosine	29-38	cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	315-320
12007919-6	2002	These results support the idea that adenosine-induced antinociception at the spinal level might possibly be caused, at least partly, by the stimulation of inhibitory adenosine A(1) receptors located presynaptically on primary afferent fibres containing CGRP but not substance P.	Adenosine	36-45	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	253-257
12007926-2	2002	Adenosine inhibits noradrenaline and renin release.	Adenosine	0-9	renin	Rattus norvegicus	37-42
11169789-0	2001	Basal levels of adenosine modulate mGluR5 on rat hippocampal astrocytes.	Adenosine	16-25	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	35-41
24907587-7	2014	Caspase-1 KO mice, IL-1R1 KO mice, A2A AR KO mice and WT mice treated with the KATP channel blocker, glyburide, were resistant to adenosine-induced anxiety-like behaviors.	Adenosine	130-139	cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	39-44
25038240-6	2014	While inhibition of the cAMP/PKA pathway by adenosine shortened ipRGC light responses, stimulation of this pathway with compounds such as forskolin had the opposite effect and lengthened the duration of ipRGC spiking.	Adenosine	44-53	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
11145997-8	2001	Furthermore, we conclude that AMP is converted to adenosine in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord by ecto-5"-nucleotidase and subsequently may be one source of adenosine, acting through adenosine A(1) receptors in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, which produce antihyperalgesia.	Adenosine	50-59	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	101-121
11208900-3	2001	The evoked release and extracellular catabolism of ATP were 49-55% lower in aged rats, but ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity, which forms adenosine, was 5-fold higher whereas adenosine uptake was decreased by 50% in aged rats.	Adenosine	134-143	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	91-111
11749958-3	2001	Yeast cells expressing ENT1,At are able to grow on adenosine-containing media, adenosine import exhibited an apparent affinity (K(M)) of 3.6 microM, and led to accumulation of this nucleoside within the yeast cell.	Adenosine	51-60	epsin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	23-27
11749958-3	2001	Yeast cells expressing ENT1,At are able to grow on adenosine-containing media, adenosine import exhibited an apparent affinity (K(M)) of 3.6 microM, and led to accumulation of this nucleoside within the yeast cell.	Adenosine	79-88	epsin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	23-27
24990899-8	2014	In conclusion, CD73 and TNAP play interactive roles to metabolize luminally applied 5"-AMP in the renal vasculature such that inhibition of both is required to inhibit the production of adenosine.	Adenosine	186-195	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	15-19
11749958-6	2001	The presence of protonophores abolished adenosine import, indicating that ENT1,At catalyse a proton-dependent adenosine transport.	Adenosine	40-49	epsin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	74-78
11749958-6	2001	The presence of protonophores abolished adenosine import, indicating that ENT1,At catalyse a proton-dependent adenosine transport.	Adenosine	110-119	epsin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	74-78
11123368-2	2001	Through elevation of endogenous adenosine concentrations the adenosine kinase inhibitor GP515 might serve to down-regulate local inflammatory responses.	Adenosine	32-41	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	61-77
24477600-7	2014	Adenosine also inhibited thrombin-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and decreased adhesion of monocytic THP-1 cells to stimulated HUVECs via down-regulation of expression of cell surface adhesion molecules, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin.	Adenosine	0-9	selectin E	Homo sapiens	226-236
24961687-1	2014	Adenosine mediates its effects through activation of a family of four G-protein-coupled receptors, named A1 , A2A , A2B and A3 .	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	116-126
11108815-8	2000	The effect of adenosine was antagonized by an A1 adenosine receptor antagonist, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX).	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine receptor A1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	46-67
11139445-2	2000	Furthermore, the adenosine formation was found to be mediated by an ecto-enzyme distinct from the ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	17-26	tripartite motif-containing 33	Mus musculus	68-72
10978314-5	2000	The ecto-5"-nucleotidase inhibitor, alpha,beta-methylene ADP (100 microm), caused a larger inhibition (54%) of adenosine release in the presence of AA (30 microm) compared with control (37% inhibition) indicating that the AA-induced extracellular adenosine accumulation is mostly originated from an increased release and extracellular catabolism of ATP.	Adenosine	111-120	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	4-24
10978314-5	2000	The ecto-5"-nucleotidase inhibitor, alpha,beta-methylene ADP (100 microm), caused a larger inhibition (54%) of adenosine release in the presence of AA (30 microm) compared with control (37% inhibition) indicating that the AA-induced extracellular adenosine accumulation is mostly originated from an increased release and extracellular catabolism of ATP.	Adenosine	247-256	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	4-24
11007996-10	2000	The relevance of cellular mediators, such as 5"-nucleotidase, to generate adenosine for preconditioning is controversial.	Adenosine	74-83	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	45-60
10899903-1	2000	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a purine catabolic enzyme that manages levels of the biologically active purines adenosine and 2"-deoxyadenosine in tissues and cells.	Adenosine	110-119	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-19
10899903-1	2000	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a purine catabolic enzyme that manages levels of the biologically active purines adenosine and 2"-deoxyadenosine in tissues and cells.	Adenosine	110-119	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	21-24
10899903-7	2000	Lowering adenosine and 2"-deoxyadenosine levels using ADA enzyme therapy decreased the pulmonary eosinophilia and resolved many of the lung histopathologies.	Adenosine	9-18	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	54-57
10845921-1	2000	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency causes severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and is accompanied by T-cell depletion and accumulation of both intracellular and extracellular adenosine (extAdo) and deoxyadenosine.	Adenosine	180-189	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-19
10797314-0	2000	Adenosine acts as a chemoprotective agent by stimulating G-CSF production: a role for A1 and A3 adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	0-9	peripheral blood stem cell response to granulocyte colony stimulating factor 1	Mus musculus	57-62
10797314-5	2000	Adenosine"s interaction with its A1 and A3 receptors induced G-CSF production, which led to its stimulatory effect on bone marrow cells.	Adenosine	0-9	peripheral blood stem cell response to granulocyte colony stimulating factor 1	Mus musculus	61-66
10832607-3	2000	Adenosine in the dialysate collected during perfusion with Tyrode"s solution containing 100 microM AMP (through the probe) originated from the hydrolysis of AMP catalyzed by endogenous ecto-5"-nucleotidase, so that the level of adenosine reflected the activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase in this tissue.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	185-205
10832607-3	2000	Adenosine in the dialysate collected during perfusion with Tyrode"s solution containing 100 microM AMP (through the probe) originated from the hydrolysis of AMP catalyzed by endogenous ecto-5"-nucleotidase, so that the level of adenosine reflected the activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase in this tissue.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	264-284
10832607-3	2000	Adenosine in the dialysate collected during perfusion with Tyrode"s solution containing 100 microM AMP (through the probe) originated from the hydrolysis of AMP catalyzed by endogenous ecto-5"-nucleotidase, so that the level of adenosine reflected the activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase in this tissue.	Adenosine	228-237	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	185-205
10832607-11	2000	These results indicate that histidine increases interstitial adenosine concentration via NA release-mediated activation of ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	61-70	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	123-143
10836790-3	2000	Although some ADAR substrates are deaminated very promiscuously, mammalian glutamate receptor B (gluR-B) pre-mRNA is deaminated at a few specific adenosines.	Adenosine	146-156	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Homo sapiens	75-95
10836790-3	2000	Although some ADAR substrates are deaminated very promiscuously, mammalian glutamate receptor B (gluR-B) pre-mRNA is deaminated at a few specific adenosines.	Adenosine	146-156	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Homo sapiens	97-103
10766785-5	2000	During rapid (more than 90% in 10 min) or slower (30-40% in 10 min) ATP catabolism, cN-I-transfected COS-7 and H9c2 cells produced significantly more adenosine than cN-II-transfected cells, which were similar to control-transfected cells.	Adenosine	150-159	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA	Homo sapiens	84-88
10766785-11	2000	Under the conditions tested in these cells, only cN-I plays a significant role in AMP breakdown to adenosine, whereas only cN-II breaks down IMP to inosine and GMP to guanosine.	Adenosine	99-108	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA	Homo sapiens	49-53
10759594-2	2000	Adenosine and NO have both been shown to increase in skeletal muscle cells and interstitial fluid during exercise and the enzymes responsible for their formation, AMP 5"-nucleotidase and NO synthase (NOS), have been shown to be activated upon muscle contraction.	Adenosine	0-9	nitric oxide synthase 1	Homo sapiens	187-198
10762436-1	2000	5"-nucleotidase, an adenosine producing enzyme with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored structure, was localized in human ejaculated spermatozoa.	Adenosine	20-29	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-15
10457374-0	1999	Activation of A(1) adenosine or mGlu3 metabotropic glutamate receptors enhances the release of nerve growth factor and S-100beta protein from cultured astrocytes.	Adenosine	19-28	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	95-114
10441122-6	1999	The adenosine of pdUppA-3"-p adopts an atypical syn conformation not observed for standard adenosine nucleotides bound to RNase A.	Adenosine	4-13	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	122-129
10487382-0	1999	The effects of adenosine ligands R-PIA and CPT on ethanol withdrawal.	Adenosine	15-24	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Rattus norvegicus	33-38
10417315-1	1999	Adenylosuccinate synthase (EC 6.3.4.4) catalyses the first committed step in the synthesis of adenosine.	Adenosine	94-103	adenylosuccinate synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-25
10421220-3	1999	AD deaminase (ADA), which inactivates endogenously released AD, potentiated the hyperglycemia-induced increase in CDP-DG.	Adenosine	0-2	cut like homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	114-117
10419767-0	1999	Sites of action for future therapy: an adenosine-dependent mechanism by which aspirin retains its antiinflammatory activity in cyclooxygenase-2 and NFkappaB knockout mice.	Adenosine	39-48	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	127-143
10419767-9	1999	Removal of adenosine by adenosine deaminase or specific antagonism of adenosine at A(2)receptors completely reversed the antiinflammatory effects of aspirin and sodium salicylate, but not those of dexamethasone.	Adenosine	11-20	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	24-43
14600995-2	1999	Also, the adenosine-induced effects on rCBF were correlated with the anatomic severity of ICA stenosis.	Adenosine	10-19	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	39-43
14600995-9	1999	The planimetric asymmetry of stenosis correlated significantly with the adenosine-induced asymmetry of rCBF in ICA-dependent areas (r = 0.78, p &lt; 0.02).	Adenosine	72-81	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	103-107
14600995-11	1999	CONCLUSION: Therefore, the conclusion can be drawn that adenosine as a potent cerebral vasodilatator may be employed as a challenging agent for functional tests of rCBF and that the adenosine test facilitates detection of the hemodynamic effects of "minor" stenoses.	Adenosine	56-65	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	164-168
10470864-0	1999	Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and drugs elevating extracellular adenosine act additively to enhance the hemopoietic spleen colony formation in irradiated mice.	Adenosine	72-81	colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte)	Mus musculus	0-37
10470864-4	1999	These findings indicate that the signaling pathways of G-CSF and drugs elevating extracellular adenosine can interact at the level of primitive hemopoietic stem cells.	Adenosine	95-104	colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte)	Mus musculus	55-60
9880133-1	1998	The adenosine A2a receptor (A2aAR) gene is thought to be involved in essential hypertension because adenosine elicits vasodilation and decreases arterial blood pressure via this receptor, and because disruption of the A2aAR gene increases blood pressure in mice.	Adenosine	4-13	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	28-33
9880133-1	1998	The adenosine A2a receptor (A2aAR) gene is thought to be involved in essential hypertension because adenosine elicits vasodilation and decreases arterial blood pressure via this receptor, and because disruption of the A2aAR gene increases blood pressure in mice.	Adenosine	4-13	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	218-223
9842828-1	1998	UNLABELLED: We examined the development of tolerance to the antiallodynic effect of chronic intrathecal (IT) administration of the adenosine analog R-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) in a rat model of central pain after ischemic spinal cord injury.	Adenosine	131-140	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Rattus norvegicus	148-181
9827583-0	1998	Effects of ions on adenosine binding and enzyme activity of purified S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase from bovine kidney.	Adenosine	19-28	adenosylhomocysteinase	Bos taurus	69-101
9951547-6	1998	These enzymes in association with an ATP diphosphohydrolase and a 5"-nucleotidase are able to promote the complete hydrolysis of dinucleotides to adenosine in the synaptic cleft.	Adenosine	146-155	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	66-81
9864274-1	1998	In the rat kidney, exogenous adenosine-3"-5"-monophosphate (cAMP) is converted to adenosine via the metabolism of cAMP to adenosine-5"-monophosphate by phosphodiesterase and adenosine-5"-monophosphate to adenosine by 5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	29-38	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	217-232
9864274-1	1998	In the rat kidney, exogenous adenosine-3"-5"-monophosphate (cAMP) is converted to adenosine via the metabolism of cAMP to adenosine-5"-monophosphate by phosphodiesterase and adenosine-5"-monophosphate to adenosine by 5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	82-91	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	217-232
9799417-5	1998	Dialysate adenosine obtained during perfusion with the AMP-containing solution through the probe originated from the hydrolysis of AMP by endogenous ecto-5"-nucleotidase, and the level of adenosine reflected the activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase in the tissue.	Adenosine	10-19	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	149-169
9799417-5	1998	Dialysate adenosine obtained during perfusion with the AMP-containing solution through the probe originated from the hydrolysis of AMP by endogenous ecto-5"-nucleotidase, and the level of adenosine reflected the activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase in the tissue.	Adenosine	188-197	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	224-244
9832386-2	1998	infusion of adrenomedullin (ADM) alone and in combination with low-dose vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on adenosine-induced vasodepression in rats.	Adenosine	157-166	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	148-152
11705765-2	2001	activate 5"-nucleotidase (5"-ND), thereby increasing the production of renal adenosine and regulating renal function.	Adenosine	77-86	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	9-24
11717194-5	2001	Moreover, the adherence of IL-1beta-stimulated HGF to activated lymphocytes was also inhibited by adenosine, which is in part explained by the fact that adenosine down-regulated the IL-1beta-induced expression of ICAM-1 on HGF.	Adenosine	98-107	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	47-50
11717194-5	2001	Moreover, the adherence of IL-1beta-stimulated HGF to activated lymphocytes was also inhibited by adenosine, which is in part explained by the fact that adenosine down-regulated the IL-1beta-induced expression of ICAM-1 on HGF.	Adenosine	98-107	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	223-226
11717194-5	2001	Moreover, the adherence of IL-1beta-stimulated HGF to activated lymphocytes was also inhibited by adenosine, which is in part explained by the fact that adenosine down-regulated the IL-1beta-induced expression of ICAM-1 on HGF.	Adenosine	153-162	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	47-50
11717194-5	2001	Moreover, the adherence of IL-1beta-stimulated HGF to activated lymphocytes was also inhibited by adenosine, which is in part explained by the fact that adenosine down-regulated the IL-1beta-induced expression of ICAM-1 on HGF.	Adenosine	153-162	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	223-226
11487728-12	2001	In summary, these studies describe the expression cloning of CNT2 from a rat BBB library and show that the pattern of sodium dependency and NBTI insensitivity of the cloned CNT2 are identical to patterns of adenosine transport across the BBB in vivo.	Adenosine	207-216	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
11487728-13	2001	These results suggest that BBB adenosine transport in vivo is mediated by CNT2, which would make CNT2 one of the few known sodium-dependent cotransporters that mediate substrate transport across the BBB in the blood to brain direction.	Adenosine	31-40	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	74-78
11487728-13	2001	These results suggest that BBB adenosine transport in vivo is mediated by CNT2, which would make CNT2 one of the few known sodium-dependent cotransporters that mediate substrate transport across the BBB in the blood to brain direction.	Adenosine	31-40	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	97-101
11454903-0	2001	Adenosine-mediated mast cell degranulation in adenosine deaminase-deficient mice.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	46-65
11454903-3	2001	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a purine catabolic enzyme responsible for regulating the levels of adenosine in tissues and cells.	Adenosine	96-105	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-19
11454903-3	2001	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a purine catabolic enzyme responsible for regulating the levels of adenosine in tissues and cells.	Adenosine	96-105	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	21-24
11454903-4	2001	ADA-deficient mice develop lung inflammation and damage reminiscent of that seen in asthma in association with elevated adenosine levels.	Adenosine	120-129	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-3
11454903-6	2001	ADA-deficient mice exhibited extensive lung mast cell degranulation concurrent with elevated adenosine levels.	Adenosine	93-102	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-3
11454903-7	2001	ADA enzyme therapy prevented the accumulation of lung adenosine as well as mast cell degranulation, suggesting that this process was dependent on elevated lung adenosine levels.	Adenosine	54-63	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-3
11454903-7	2001	ADA enzyme therapy prevented the accumulation of lung adenosine as well as mast cell degranulation, suggesting that this process was dependent on elevated lung adenosine levels.	Adenosine	160-169	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-3
11470917-7	2001	In A(1)R(-/-) mice, the analgesic effect of intrathecal adenosine was lost, and thermal hyperalgesia was observed, but the analgesic effect of morphine was intact.	Adenosine	56-65	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	3-8
11459663-0	2001	Introduction of alkynyl chains on C-8 of adenosine led to very selective antagonists of the A(3) adenosine receptor.	Adenosine	41-50	homeobox C8	Homo sapiens	34-37
11435465-7	2001	Furthermore, ex vivo experiments on ADA(-/-) T cells demonstrated that elevated adenosine is responsible for this abnormal TCR signaling.	Adenosine	80-89	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	36-39
11421361-1	2001	RNA editing catalyzed by ADAR1 and ADAR2 involves the site-specific conversion of adenosine to inosine within imperfectly duplexed RNA.	Adenosine	82-91	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	35-40
11311901-6	2001	The apparent reciprocal distribution of hENT1 and hENT2 in human brain suggests that these nucleoside transporter proteins are produced in distinct regions of the CNS where they function in nucleoside salvage and/or regulation of exogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	240-249	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	40-45
11125033-10	2001	Therefore, in lymphocytes, cell surface ADA, apart from degrading extracellular adenosine, regulates those actions of adenosine that are mediated via adenosine receptors of the A2B subtype.	Adenosine	80-89	adenosine deaminase	Cricetulus griseus	40-43
11125033-10	2001	Therefore, in lymphocytes, cell surface ADA, apart from degrading extracellular adenosine, regulates those actions of adenosine that are mediated via adenosine receptors of the A2B subtype.	Adenosine	118-127	adenosine deaminase	Cricetulus griseus	40-43
11702857-4	2001	The adjunct use of drugs elevating extracellular adenosine might reduce the cost expenditure of therapy with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.	Adenosine	49-58	colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte)	Mus musculus	109-146
11082453-3	2000	Inhibition of the ADO-metabolizing enzyme adenosine kinase (AK) increases extracellular ADO concentrations at sites of tissue trauma and AK inhibitors may have therapeutic potential as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents.	Adenosine	18-21	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	42-58
11082453-3	2000	Inhibition of the ADO-metabolizing enzyme adenosine kinase (AK) increases extracellular ADO concentrations at sites of tissue trauma and AK inhibitors may have therapeutic potential as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents.	Adenosine	18-21	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	60-62
11082453-3	2000	Inhibition of the ADO-metabolizing enzyme adenosine kinase (AK) increases extracellular ADO concentrations at sites of tissue trauma and AK inhibitors may have therapeutic potential as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents.	Adenosine	18-21	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	137-139
11099415-1	2000	The members of the ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) gene family are involved in site-selective RNA editing that changes adenosine residues of target substrate RNAs to inosine.	Adenosine	25-34	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	19-23
11099417-3	2000	We identified seven different mutations in two adjacent, oppositely oriented genes that encode new members of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family (six mutations in ABCG8 and one in ABCG5) in nine patients with sitosterolemia.	Adenosine	114-123	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group)	Homo sapiens	161-164
11090541-3	2000	Chemical signals released by a sublethal ischemic stress (such as NO, reactive oxygen species, and adenosine) trigger a complex cascade of signaling events that includes the activation of protein kinase C, Src protein tyrosine kinases, and nuclear factor kappaB and culminates in increased synthesis of inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, aldose reductase, Mn superoxide dismutase, and probably other cardioprotective proteins.	Adenosine	99-108	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	362-385
11045950-9	2000	These data indicate that 1) interstitial adenosine is lower in mouse versus rat myocardium during ischemia, 2) A(1)AR activation by endogenous adenosine or exogenous agonists does not modify ischemic contracture in murine myocardium, 3) A(1)AR activation by endogenous adenosine during ischemia attenuates postischemic stunning, and 4) A(1)AR activation by endogenous adenosine during the reperfusion period also improves postischemic contractile recovery.	Adenosine	143-152	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	111-117
11045950-9	2000	These data indicate that 1) interstitial adenosine is lower in mouse versus rat myocardium during ischemia, 2) A(1)AR activation by endogenous adenosine or exogenous agonists does not modify ischemic contracture in murine myocardium, 3) A(1)AR activation by endogenous adenosine during ischemia attenuates postischemic stunning, and 4) A(1)AR activation by endogenous adenosine during the reperfusion period also improves postischemic contractile recovery.	Adenosine	143-152	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	111-117
11045950-9	2000	These data indicate that 1) interstitial adenosine is lower in mouse versus rat myocardium during ischemia, 2) A(1)AR activation by endogenous adenosine or exogenous agonists does not modify ischemic contracture in murine myocardium, 3) A(1)AR activation by endogenous adenosine during ischemia attenuates postischemic stunning, and 4) A(1)AR activation by endogenous adenosine during the reperfusion period also improves postischemic contractile recovery.	Adenosine	143-152	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	111-117
11092461-1	2000	The presented data address the problem of pleiotropic effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and suggest the ability of drugs increasing the level of extracellular adenosine to activate erythropoiesis when given jointly with G-CSF.	Adenosine	182-191	colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte)	Mus musculus	243-248
11092461-10	2000	The observed additivity and synergism of G-CSF with elevated extracellular adenosine in terms of erythropoiesis is an interesting finding with potential implications in clinical practice.	Adenosine	75-84	colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte)	Mus musculus	41-46
11065230-0	2000	The effect of adenosine on blood pressure variability in sinoaortic denervated rats is mediated by adenosine A2a-Receptor.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	99-121
11065230-9	2000	These results suggest that the effect of adenosine on BPV is mediated by adenosine A2a-receptor.	Adenosine	41-50	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	73-95
11046060-0	2000	Regulation of endothelial CD73 by adenosine: paracrine pathway for enhanced endothelial barrier function.	Adenosine	34-43	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	26-30
11046060-3	2000	Extracellular 5"-AMP is metabolized to adenosine by surface-expressed 5"-ectonucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	39-48	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	91-95
11046060-5	2000	We hypothesized that adenosine signaling to endothelia provides a paracrine loop for regulated expression of CD73 and enhanced endothelial barrier function.	Adenosine	21-30	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	109-113
11046060-7	2000	Initial experiments revealed that adenosine and adenosine analogues induce CD73 mRNA (RT-PCR), surface expression (immunoprecipitation of surface biotinylated CD73), and function (HPLC analysis of etheno-AMP conversion to ethenoadenosine) in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion.	Adenosine	34-43	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	75-79
11046060-7	2000	Initial experiments revealed that adenosine and adenosine analogues induce CD73 mRNA (RT-PCR), surface expression (immunoprecipitation of surface biotinylated CD73), and function (HPLC analysis of etheno-AMP conversion to ethenoadenosine) in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion.	Adenosine	34-43	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	159-163
11046060-7	2000	Initial experiments revealed that adenosine and adenosine analogues induce CD73 mRNA (RT-PCR), surface expression (immunoprecipitation of surface biotinylated CD73), and function (HPLC analysis of etheno-AMP conversion to ethenoadenosine) in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion.	Adenosine	48-57	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	75-79
11046060-7	2000	Initial experiments revealed that adenosine and adenosine analogues induce CD73 mRNA (RT-PCR), surface expression (immunoprecipitation of surface biotinylated CD73), and function (HPLC analysis of etheno-AMP conversion to ethenoadenosine) in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion.	Adenosine	48-57	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	159-163
11046060-11	2000	These results provide an example of transcriptional induction of enzyme (CD73) by enzymatic product (adenosine) and define a paracrine pathway for the regulated expression of vascular endothelial CD73 and barrier function.	Adenosine	101-110	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	73-77
11046060-11	2000	These results provide an example of transcriptional induction of enzyme (CD73) by enzymatic product (adenosine) and define a paracrine pathway for the regulated expression of vascular endothelial CD73 and barrier function.	Adenosine	101-110	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	196-200
11041852-12	2000	Our data add substantially to the understanding of ADAR2 specificity, and aid in efforts to predict which ADAR deaminates a given editing site adenosine in vivo.	Adenosine	143-152	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	51-56
10960067-1	2000	Cell surface A(2A) adenosine receptor (A(2A)R) mediated signalling affects a variety of important processes and adenosine analogues possess promising pharmacological properties.	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	39-45
10960067-5	2000	Incubation of A(2A)R-expressing thymocytes with extracellular adenosine or CGS 21680 in vitro results in the death of about 7-15% of thymocytes.	Adenosine	62-71	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	14-20
10965912-3	2000	This led to the discovery of adenosine as a GHS-R agonist.	Adenosine	29-38	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	44-49
10965912-4	2000	We demonstrate that adenosine as well as the A1 adenosine receptor agonist N6-R-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) induce calcium responses, with EC50 values of 50 nM and 0.5 nM, respectively, in cells which express recombinant human GHS-R.	Adenosine	20-29	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	232-237
10965912-6	2000	Binding experiments show that adenosine and the GHS compound MK-0677 bind to membranes from GHS-R expressing cells with nearly identical Bmax values (2.6 +/- 0.1 x 10(-10) mol/mg protein for adenosine and 2.0 +/- 0.3 x 10(-10) mol/mg protein for MK-0677).	Adenosine	30-39	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	92-97
10965912-8	2000	Furthermore, we show that the IC50 values for inhibition of the adenosine, R-PIA, and GHS induced calcium responses by the GHS-R antagonist [D-Arg1, D-Phe5, D-Trp7,9, D-Leu11]-substance P are similar.	Adenosine	64-73	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	123-128
10965912-8	2000	Furthermore, we show that the IC50 values for inhibition of the adenosine, R-PIA, and GHS induced calcium responses by the GHS-R antagonist [D-Arg1, D-Phe5, D-Trp7,9, D-Leu11]-substance P are similar.	Adenosine	64-73	arginase 1	Homo sapiens	143-147
10965912-9	2000	These findings strongly suggest that adenosine and R-PIA are agonists of the GHS-R.	Adenosine	37-46	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	77-82
10988261-1	2000	The extracellular "cAMP-adenosine pathway" refers to the local production of adenosine mediated by cAMP egress into the extracellular space, conversion of cAMP to AMP by ectophosphodiesterase, and the metabolism of AMP to adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	24-33	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	235-255
10988261-1	2000	The extracellular "cAMP-adenosine pathway" refers to the local production of adenosine mediated by cAMP egress into the extracellular space, conversion of cAMP to AMP by ectophosphodiesterase, and the metabolism of AMP to adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	77-86	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	235-255
10988261-1	2000	The extracellular "cAMP-adenosine pathway" refers to the local production of adenosine mediated by cAMP egress into the extracellular space, conversion of cAMP to AMP by ectophosphodiesterase, and the metabolism of AMP to adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	77-86	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	235-255
10908627-4	2000	It has been proposed that adenosine binding to A2AR lowers the affinity of dopamine for D2R, thus modulating the function of this receptor.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	47-51
10869532-3	2000	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase is a key enzyme for synthesizing adenosine and plays an important role in ischemic preconditioning.	Adenosine	54-63	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	0-20
10816606-0	2000	Adenosine-induced expression of interleukin-6 in astrocytes through protein kinase A and NF-IL-6.	Adenosine	0-9	CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta	Homo sapiens	89-96
10816606-9	2000	This suggests that adenosine induces the de novo synthesis of NF-IL-6 through activation of PKA and thereby stimulates transcription of IL-6 in astrocytes.	Adenosine	19-28	CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta	Homo sapiens	62-69
10863963-7	2000	These results suggest that cAMP is involved in adenosine-induced IL-6 production by HGF.	Adenosine	47-56	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	84-87
10863963-9	2000	Moreover, the experiments using antagonists specific for adenosine receptor subtypes revealed that the adenosine-induced IL-6 production by HGF was, at least in part, mediated by the adenosine A2b receptor.	Adenosine	57-66	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	140-143
10722669-8	2000	7-, and 19.3-fold lower affinity than hENT1 for thymidine, adenosine, cytidine, and guanosine, respectively.	Adenosine	59-68	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	38-43
10757505-2	2000	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase produces adenosine from AMP.	Adenosine	30-39	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-20
11783528-0	2000	Adenosine deaminase-deficient mice: models for the study of lymphocyte development and adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	87-96	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-19
10615945-0	2000	Role of adenosine in insulin-stimulated release of leptin from isolated white adipocytes of Wistar rats.	Adenosine	8-17	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	51-57
10615945-3	2000	The present study investigated the role of adenosine in the release of leptin by insulin in isolated rat white adipocytes.	Adenosine	43-52	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	71-77
10615945-5	2000	Adenosine deaminase, at concentrations sufficient to metabolize endogenous adenosine, decreased insulin-stimulated leptin release.	Adenosine	75-84	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	115-121
10615945-11	2000	These results suggest that, in isolated white adipocytes, the released adenosine acts as a helper and/or a positive regulator for insulin in the release of leptin via an activation of adenosine A1 receptors that involves the PLC-PKC pathway.	Adenosine	71-80	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	156-162
11199508-2	2000	The level of dialysate adenosine measured under a constant supply of adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP) reflected the activity of endogenous ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	23-32	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	139-159
11199508-5	2000	These results suggest that nicorandil increases the level of interstitial adenosine via cyclic guanosine monophosphate-mediated activation of ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	74-83	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	142-162
10617137-1	2000	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase is regarded as being the key enzyme in the formation of the neuromodulator adenosine from released ATP.	Adenosine	96-105	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	0-20
10490889-5	1999	Further studies in rat cardiac fibroblasts revealed that the effects of A(1) receptor blockade on extracellular adenosine levels were concentration dependent and prevented by inhibition of G(i) proteins with pertussis toxin or blockade of ecto-5"-nucleotidase with alpha, beta-methyleneadenosine-5"-diphosphate.	Adenosine	112-121	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	239-259
10629874-12	1999	These findings suggest that adenosine may reduce I/R-induced liver injury mainly by inhibiting hepatic TNF-alpha production via A2AR, thereby reducing neutrophil activation.	Adenosine	28-37	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	128-132
10419546-5	1999	The dose-dependent inductions of ICER protein by norepinephrine, the beta(1)-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol, vasoactive intestinal peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, and adenosine are correlated to regulatory dynamics in melatonin production.	Adenosine	207-216	cAMP responsive element modulator	Rattus norvegicus	33-37
10330225-5	1999	When A2aR were stimulated in myocytes that had the antiadrenergic actions of adenosine (Ado) abolished by either treatment with pertussis toxin (PTx) or the presence of 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), an adenosine A1-receptor antagonist, the maximum increases in Ca2+ transients were similarly nominal (with PTx: 10(-4) M CGS-21680, 14 +/- 6% and 10(-4) M Ado, 15 +/- 4%; without PTx: 10(-5) M Ado + 2 x 10(-7) M DPCPX, 19 +/- 1%).	Adenosine	77-86	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	5-9
10330225-5	1999	When A2aR were stimulated in myocytes that had the antiadrenergic actions of adenosine (Ado) abolished by either treatment with pertussis toxin (PTx) or the presence of 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), an adenosine A1-receptor antagonist, the maximum increases in Ca2+ transients were similarly nominal (with PTx: 10(-4) M CGS-21680, 14 +/- 6% and 10(-4) M Ado, 15 +/- 4%; without PTx: 10(-5) M Ado + 2 x 10(-7) M DPCPX, 19 +/- 1%).	Adenosine	88-91	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	5-9
10330225-5	1999	When A2aR were stimulated in myocytes that had the antiadrenergic actions of adenosine (Ado) abolished by either treatment with pertussis toxin (PTx) or the presence of 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), an adenosine A1-receptor antagonist, the maximum increases in Ca2+ transients were similarly nominal (with PTx: 10(-4) M CGS-21680, 14 +/- 6% and 10(-4) M Ado, 15 +/- 4%; without PTx: 10(-5) M Ado + 2 x 10(-7) M DPCPX, 19 +/- 1%).	Adenosine	368-371	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	5-9
10330225-5	1999	When A2aR were stimulated in myocytes that had the antiadrenergic actions of adenosine (Ado) abolished by either treatment with pertussis toxin (PTx) or the presence of 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), an adenosine A1-receptor antagonist, the maximum increases in Ca2+ transients were similarly nominal (with PTx: 10(-4) M CGS-21680, 14 +/- 6% and 10(-4) M Ado, 15 +/- 4%; without PTx: 10(-5) M Ado + 2 x 10(-7) M DPCPX, 19 +/- 1%).	Adenosine	368-371	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	5-9
10065327-5	1999	An increase in interstitial adenosine during preconditioning is thought to be derived primarily from hydrolysis of 5"-AMP in the myocyte by cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase, although a contribution of ectosolic 5"-nucleotidase remains controversial.	Adenosine	28-37	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	150-165
10065327-5	1999	An increase in interstitial adenosine during preconditioning is thought to be derived primarily from hydrolysis of 5"-AMP in the myocyte by cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase, although a contribution of ectosolic 5"-nucleotidase remains controversial.	Adenosine	28-37	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	204-219
9933147-10	1999	The present results show that different clones of PC 12 cells differ widely in the cAMP increase induced by adenosine analogues and that this is due to differences in the amount of adenosine A2A receptor, G protein and effector.	Adenosine	108-117	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	181-203
9688465-3	1998	We have reported that analogues of adenosine, such as R-N6-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) can, at doses as low as 10 microg/kg IP, prevent the hippocampal damage that follows the systemic administration of kainate.	Adenosine	35-44	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Rattus norvegicus	54-83
9782120-0	1998	Neutrophil-derived 5"-adenosine monophosphate promotes endothelial barrier function via CD73-mediated conversion to adenosine and endothelial A2B receptor activation.	Adenosine	22-31	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	88-92
9782120-8	1998	5"-AMP bioactivity required endothelial CD73-mediated conversion of 5"-AMP to adenosine via its 5"-ectonucleotidase activity.	Adenosine	78-87	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	40-44
9848096-5	1998	The order of potency for ATP receptor agonists was 2-MeSATP approximately ATP &gt;&gt; alpha, beta-MeATP &gt; adenosine, and UTP was ineffective, a pharmacological profile consistent with that of a P2y purinoceptor.	Adenosine	110-119	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Bos taurus	25-37
25080599-11	2014	After reinstatement, application of the A1 adenosine antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine increased GABA tone to inhibit the CRF-R2 action.	Adenosine	43-52	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	134-140
24837549-0	2014	Phosphodiesterase 2 negatively regulates adenosine-induced transcription of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene in PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells.	Adenosine	41-50	phosphodiesterase 2A	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
9841266-3	1998	brief duration of ischemia (metabolic inhibition) and adenosine, led to activation of p38 MAP kinase.	Adenosine	54-63	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
24829383-7	2014	Processing of pri-miRNAs by Drosha and Dicer has been shown to be affected by adenosine-to-inosine deamination-type RNA editing.	Adenosine	78-87	drosha ribonuclease type III S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	28-34
9690740-2	1998	In this investigation we evaluated the effect of a memory task (step-down inhibitory avoidance) on the synaptosomal ecto-enzymes (ATP diphosphohydrolase and 5"-nucleotidase) involved in the degradation of ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	212-221	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	157-172
24808017-7	2014	KIF1C mutations in SPG58 affect the domains involved in adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis and microtubule binding, key functions for this microtubule-based motor protein.	Adenosine	56-65	inner membrane mitochondrial protein	Homo sapiens	156-169
24614760-5	2014	This finding led us to further discover that excess adenosine signaling via ADORA2B activation directly reduces PDE5 gene expression in a hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha)-dependent manner.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	76-83
9548416-0	1998	Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and drugs elevating extracellular adenosine synergize to enhance haematopoietic reconstitution in irradiated mice.	Adenosine	72-81	colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte)	Mus musculus	0-37
24614760-6	2014	Overall, we reveal that excess adenosine-mediated ADORA2B signaling underlies reduced penile PDE activity by decreasing PDE5 gene expression in a HIF-1alpha-dependent manner and provide new insight for the pathogenesis of priapism and novel therapies for the disease.	Adenosine	31-40	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	50-57
24652937-4	2014	Complex I deficits and adenosine triphosphate synthesis were also rescued in cells derived from PINK1 patients.	Adenosine	23-32	PTEN induced kinase 1	Homo sapiens	96-101
9548416-2	1998	In the present study, we investigated the ability of drugs elevating extracellular adenosine to influence curative effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in mice exposed to a sublethal dose of 4 Gy of 60Co radiation.	Adenosine	83-92	colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte)	Mus musculus	126-163
9548416-2	1998	In the present study, we investigated the ability of drugs elevating extracellular adenosine to influence curative effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in mice exposed to a sublethal dose of 4 Gy of 60Co radiation.	Adenosine	83-92	colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte)	Mus musculus	165-170
24629340-6	2014	Thus, adenosine acts as a danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that initiates helminth-induced type 2 immune responses through A2BAR.	Adenosine	6-15	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	133-138
9503825-5	1998	Cholinergic neurons in DBH, PPT, and LDT which are involved in the promotion of wakefulness, are presumed to be the target structure of adenosine to promote sleep by causing a depressant effect on the neuronal excitation through A1 adenosine receptor.	Adenosine	136-145	tachykinin, precursor 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
9435300-0	1998	Methotrexate and sulfasalazine promote adenosine release by a mechanism that requires ecto-5"-nucleotidase-mediated conversion of adenine nucleotides.	Adenosine	39-48	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	86-106
9435300-2	1998	The results of the experiments reported here provide three distinct lines of evidence that adenosine results from the ecto-5"-nucleotidase- mediated conversion of adenine nucleotides to adenosine.	Adenosine	91-100	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	118-138
9435300-2	1998	The results of the experiments reported here provide three distinct lines of evidence that adenosine results from the ecto-5"-nucleotidase- mediated conversion of adenine nucleotides to adenosine.	Adenosine	186-195	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	118-138
9435300-3	1998	First, pretreatment of a human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1) with methotrexate increases extracellular adenosine after exposure of the pretreated cells to activated neutrophils; the ecto-5"-nucleotidase inhibitor alpha, beta-methylene adenosine-5"-diphosphate (APCP) abrogates completely the increase in extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	250-259	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	197-217
9435300-6	1998	These results not only show that ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity is a critical mediator of methotrexate- and sulfasalazine-induced antiinflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo but also indicate that adenine nucleotides, released from cells, are the source of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	273-282	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	33-53
12168042-5	1998	DNA sequencing showed that this clone had an adenosine deletion at 86th codon in hIL-5 cDNA and expressed a polypeptide of 93 amino acids at high level, and hIL-5 cDNA had not yet been expressed in E.coli successfully.	Adenosine	45-54	interleukin 5	Homo sapiens	81-86
9362302-3	1997	Dose-response curves generated using a variety of adenosine agonists revealed that A1AR activation potently regulated fetal heart rates.	Adenosine	50-59	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	83-87
9362302-6	1997	Endogenous adenosine also acted tonically to suppress fetal heart rates, as demonstrated by the A1AR antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine, increasing heart rates, whereas the adenosine reuptake blocker dipyridamole lowered fetal heart rates.	Adenosine	11-20	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	96-100
9375955-0	1997	The effect of glibenclamide on the production of interstitial adenosine by inhibiting ecto-5"-nucleotidase in rat hearts.	Adenosine	62-71	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	86-106
9375955-3	1997	The production of adenosine in the ischaemic myocardium is attributed primarily to the enzymatic dephosphorylation of adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP) by 5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	18-27	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	154-169
9375955-10	1997	Thus, the dialysate adenosine noted during the perfusion of AMP originated from dephosphorylation of AMP by ecto-5"-nucleotidase, and the dialysate level of adenosine attained reflects the ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity in the tissue in situ.	Adenosine	20-29	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	108-128
9375955-10	1997	Thus, the dialysate adenosine noted during the perfusion of AMP originated from dephosphorylation of AMP by ecto-5"-nucleotidase, and the dialysate level of adenosine attained reflects the ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity in the tissue in situ.	Adenosine	157-166	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	189-209
9288680-2	1997	To determine whether protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated activation of ecto-5"-nucleotidase would increase interstitial adenosine concentrations in the rat heart in vivo, we made use of the microdialysis technique and a flexibly mounted probe, which was implanted in the left ventricular myocardium and perfused with Tyrode solution.	Adenosine	116-125	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	67-87
9288680-6	1997	alpha, beta-Methyleneadenosine 5"-diphosphate (AOPCP, 100 microM), an inhibitor of ecto-5"-nucleotidase, abolished the AMP-induced increase in dialysate adenosine, but did not affect the baseline level of adenosine.	Adenosine	21-30	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	83-103
9288680-6	1997	alpha, beta-Methyleneadenosine 5"-diphosphate (AOPCP, 100 microM), an inhibitor of ecto-5"-nucleotidase, abolished the AMP-induced increase in dialysate adenosine, but did not affect the baseline level of adenosine.	Adenosine	153-162	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	83-103
9288680-7	1997	These observations suggest that the dialysate adenosine obtained during the perfusion with AMP, but not the baseline levels of adenosine, originated from the dephosphorylation of AMP by ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	46-55	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	186-206
9288680-8	1997	Thus, the level of adenosine measured during AMP perfusion gives an index of the activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase in the tissue.	Adenosine	19-28	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	93-113
9288680-10	1997	Noradrenaline (10 microM) increased the adenosine concentration measured in the presence of 100 microM AMP (i.e. the activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase) by 38.7 +/- 9.6% (n = 5, P &lt; 0.05), an increase which was inhibited by an antagonist of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor (prazosin, 50 microM) or of PKC (chelerythrine, 10 microM).	Adenosine	40-49	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	129-149
9288680-15	1997	These data provide the first evidence that alpha 1-adrenoceptor stimulation and the subsequent activation of PKC can increase adenosine concentrations in interstitial spaces of ventricular muscle in vivo, through activation of endogenous ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	126-135	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	238-258
9223456-5	1997	The potency order for the induction of fMLP-stimulated beta-glucuronidase release by adenine nucleotides and adenosine was ATPgammaS &gt; or = ATP &gt; ADP &gt; AMP = Adenosine approximately 0.	Adenosine	109-118	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	55-73
9223456-5	1997	The potency order for the induction of fMLP-stimulated beta-glucuronidase release by adenine nucleotides and adenosine was ATPgammaS &gt; or = ATP &gt; ADP &gt; AMP = Adenosine approximately 0.	Adenosine	167-176	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	55-73
9126325-5	1997	The potency order for the induction of fMLP-stimulated beta-glucuronidase release by adenine nucleotides and adenosine was ATP gamma S &gt; 3 ATP &gt; ADP &gt; AMP = Adenosine approximately 0.	Adenosine	109-118	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	55-73
9126325-5	1997	The potency order for the induction of fMLP-stimulated beta-glucuronidase release by adenine nucleotides and adenosine was ATP gamma S &gt; 3 ATP &gt; ADP &gt; AMP = Adenosine approximately 0.	Adenosine	166-175	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	55-73
9045870-4	1997	Inosine, the product of adenosine deamination, was elevated more than twofold, however, indicating that adenosine deaminase (ADA) can prevent the accumulation of adenosine, even with a dramatic increase in 5"-NT activity, and demonstrating the availability of 5"-NT substrates in the thymus for the first time.	Adenosine	24-33	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	125-128
9045870-4	1997	Inosine, the product of adenosine deamination, was elevated more than twofold, however, indicating that adenosine deaminase (ADA) can prevent the accumulation of adenosine, even with a dramatic increase in 5"-NT activity, and demonstrating the availability of 5"-NT substrates in the thymus for the first time.	Adenosine	104-113	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	125-128
9045870-5	1997	Thymic adenosine concentrations of mice treated with the ADA inhibitor 2"-deoxycoformycin (dCF) were elevated over 30-fold, suggesting that high ADA activity, rather than an absence of 5"-NT, is mainly responsible for low thymic adenosine levels.	Adenosine	7-16	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	57-60
9045870-5	1997	Thymic adenosine concentrations of mice treated with the ADA inhibitor 2"-deoxycoformycin (dCF) were elevated over 30-fold, suggesting that high ADA activity, rather than an absence of 5"-NT, is mainly responsible for low thymic adenosine levels.	Adenosine	7-16	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	145-148
9045870-5	1997	Thymic adenosine concentrations of mice treated with the ADA inhibitor 2"-deoxycoformycin (dCF) were elevated over 30-fold, suggesting that high ADA activity, rather than an absence of 5"-NT, is mainly responsible for low thymic adenosine levels.	Adenosine	229-238	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	57-60
9045870-6	1997	The adenosine concentrations in dCF-treated mice are sufficient to cause adenosine receptor-mediated thymocyte apoptosis in vitro, suggesting that adenosine accumulation could play a role in ADA-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency.	Adenosine	4-13	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	191-194
9110121-3	1997	Regulation of the enzyme producing adenosine (i.e., 5"-nucleotidase) has been reported during preconditioning but, because its activity does not seem to be associated with infarct size, it is unlikely that the hydrolase plays a pivotal role.	Adenosine	35-44	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	52-67
9408766-2	1997	Adenosine is the end product of 5"-nucleotidase activity.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	32-47
9131425-11	1996	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase is a GPI-anchored glycoprotein and catalyses the formation of AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	90-99	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-20
8985888-22	1996	In conclusion, the results suggest that high-intensity, high-frequency motor nerve stimulation critically influences endogenous adenosine formation and the A1/A2A receptor activation balance, i.e., it potentiates the tonic adenosine A2A-receptor-mediated facilitation of ACh release, whereas activation of the inhibitory A1 receptors becomes less effective.	Adenosine	128-137	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	223-245
8863827-2	1996	High affinity binding sites for A2a adenosine agonists were detected in yeast membranes containing the endogenous Grx protein Gpa1.	Adenosine	36-45	guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	126-130
9742943-0	1998	Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38-MAPKs, SAPKs/JNKs and ERKs) by adenosine in the perfused rat heart.	Adenosine	84-93	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	49-58
9742943-3	1998	p38-MAPK was rapidly phosphorylated and activated (10-fold activation, maximal at 5 min) by 10 mM adenosine, as was the p38-MAPK substrate, MAPKAPK2 (4.5-fold).	Adenosine	98-107	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
9742943-3	1998	p38-MAPK was rapidly phosphorylated and activated (10-fold activation, maximal at 5 min) by 10 mM adenosine, as was the p38-MAPK substrate, MAPKAPK2 (4.5-fold).	Adenosine	98-107	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	120-123
9742943-5	1998	The concentration dependences of activation of p38-MAPK and ERKs were biphasic with a "high affinity" component (maximal at 10-100 microM adenosine) and a "low affinity" component that had not saturated at 10 mM.	Adenosine	138-147	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
9781834-3	1998	A progressive increase in 5"-nucleotidase activity in the particulate fraction containing plasma membrane was suppressed by vanadate in a time- and dose-dependent manner, suggesting that vanadate inhibits, in part, the production of adenosine based on a dephosphorylation of AMP.	Adenosine	233-242	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	26-41
9726238-0	1998	Hypoxia upregulates glucose transport activity through an adenosine-mediated increase of GLUT1 expression in retinal capillary endothelial cells.	Adenosine	58-67	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Bos taurus	89-94
9726238-12	1998	These data suggest that hypoxia in BRECs upregulates glucose transport activity through an increase of GLUT1 expression that is partially mediated by adenosine, A2R, and the cAMP-PKA pathway.	Adenosine	150-159	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Bos taurus	103-108
9795920-3	1998	We studied 5"-nucleotidase (an adenosine-producing enzyme) and adenosine deaminase (involved in adenosine degradation).	Adenosine	31-40	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	11-26
17895102-1	1998	Adenosine, an endogenous neuroprotective agent, can be produced in the synaptic cleft from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis via the concerted action of two enzymes: ATP diphosphohydrolase and 5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	199-214
9705281-3	1998	When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, recombinant hENT1 and rENT1 transport both purine and pyrimidine nucleosides, including adenosine, and are inhibited by nanomolar concentrations of NBMPR.	Adenosine	123-132	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	47-52
9716359-9	1998	The present results suggest that low-dose nicorandil modifies the response to adenosine in interaction with low levels of endogenous neuropeptides such as VIP and CGRP, and that the reciprocal interaction is mediated partly through K(ATP) channel activation in vascular smooth muscle.	Adenosine	78-87	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	163-167
9636049-12	1998	Because of the high selectivity for c-N-I versus both of the other 5"-nucleotidases, the nucleoside inhibitors of c-N-I may be useful biochemical tools in discerning the role that c-N-I plays in generating adenosine within myocardium.	Adenosine	206-215	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA	Homo sapiens	36-41
9636049-12	1998	Because of the high selectivity for c-N-I versus both of the other 5"-nucleotidases, the nucleoside inhibitors of c-N-I may be useful biochemical tools in discerning the role that c-N-I plays in generating adenosine within myocardium.	Adenosine	206-215	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA	Homo sapiens	114-119
9636049-12	1998	Because of the high selectivity for c-N-I versus both of the other 5"-nucleotidases, the nucleoside inhibitors of c-N-I may be useful biochemical tools in discerning the role that c-N-I plays in generating adenosine within myocardium.	Adenosine	206-215	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA	Homo sapiens	114-119
9576908-7	1998	The form of Fhit bound to two ApppA substrates would present to the cell a dramatically phosphorylated surface, prominently displaying six phosphate groups and two adenosine moieties in place of a deep cavity lined with histidines, arginines, and glutamines.	Adenosine	164-173	fragile histidine triad diadenosine triphosphatase	Homo sapiens	12-16
9397032-6	1997	Application of adenosine at various depths in neocortex of halothane-anesthetized rats showed a predominant CBF increase at the level of application.	Adenosine	15-24	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	108-111
9523470-1	1997	The isoenzymes ADA1 and ADA2 of the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA 3.5.4.4) deaminate mainly two nucleotides: adenosine and 2"-deoxyadenosine, molecules with many effects on human cells.	Adenosine	43-52	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	15-19
9523470-1	1997	The isoenzymes ADA1 and ADA2 of the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA 3.5.4.4) deaminate mainly two nucleotides: adenosine and 2"-deoxyadenosine, molecules with many effects on human cells.	Adenosine	43-52	transcriptional adaptor 2A	Homo sapiens	24-28
9523470-1	1997	The isoenzymes ADA1 and ADA2 of the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA 3.5.4.4) deaminate mainly two nucleotides: adenosine and 2"-deoxyadenosine, molecules with many effects on human cells.	Adenosine	43-52	transcriptional adaptor 3	Homo sapiens	64-69
9581572-2	1997	In this study we demonstrate that TT vesicles purified from chicken skeletal muscle possess ecto-ADPase and ecto-5"-nucleotidase activities that, along with ecto-ATPase, are able to sequentially degrade extracellular ATP to ADP, AMP and adenosine.	Adenosine	237-246	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Gallus gallus	113-128
9315889-5	1997	AMP, ADP, and ATP were all rapidly converted to adenosine, with a T1/2 for ATP conversion to adenosine of approximately 200 msec, and the last step in this pathway (transformation of AMP to adenosine by 5"-nucleotidase) seems to be the rate-limiting step.	Adenosine	48-57	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	203-218
9322927-6	1997	Inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide and of transcription by the adenosine analog dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole both prevented the increase in AT1 receptor density following GH treatment, indicating that the action of GH is transcriptional.	Adenosine	77-86	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Rattus norvegicus	160-163
9336322-1	1997	We recently demonstrated that cAMP added to the perfusate increased the renal venous recovery of adenosine in the isolated rat kidney, an effect blocked by inhibition of ecto-phosphodiesterase and ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	97-106	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	197-217
9311822-9	1997	The kinase activities of TTK are blocked by the adenosine analog 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-benzimidazole (DRB) as well as by the kinase inhibitor H8 at concentrations known to block transcript elongation.	Adenosine	48-57	TTK protein kinase	Homo sapiens	25-28
24660106-0	2014	Adenosine limits the therapeutic effectiveness of anti-CTLA4 mAb in a mouse melanoma model.	Adenosine	0-9	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4	Mus musculus	55-60
9257914-2	1997	We investigated, by intravital microscopy in rats, the role of the subtypes of adenosine receptors A1 (A1/AR) and A2 (A2AR) in mediating adenosine-induced vasodilatation of second and third order arterioles of the diaphragm.	Adenosine	79-88	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	118-122
24660106-4	2014	We found that treatment with APCP, selective inhibitor of the adenosine-generating nucleotidase CD73, enhanced the activity of anti-CTLA4 mAb, by improving tumor immune response.	Adenosine	62-71	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4	Mus musculus	132-137
9257914-5	1997	The non selective A2AR subtype agonist N6-[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl) ethyl]adenosine (DPMA) also dilated diaphragmatic arterioles but induced a significantly smaller dilatation than adenosine.	Adenosine	92-101	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	18-22
9257914-9	1997	By contrast, adenosine significantly dilated diaphragmatic arterioles in the presence of A2AR antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 10 microM).	Adenosine	13-22	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	89-93
24508457-4	2014	Despite lacking deaminase function, ADR-1 affects editing of over 60 adenosines within the 3" UTRs of 16 different mRNAs.	Adenosine	69-79	A-to-I RNA editing regulator adr-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	36-41
9298923-1	1997	Findings in peripheral tissues that diadenosine polyphosphates (Ap(n)As) activate 5"-nucleotidase activity and inhibit adenosine kinase activity in vitro led us to test the hypothesis that Ap(n)As and analogues thereof, through such actions on purine enzymes, increase brain levels of endogenous adenosine in vivo.	Adenosine	38-47	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	82-97
24505337-5	2014	In addition supTh17 cells are resistant to the effects of adenosine as result of the low expression of the A2A receptor and accelerated adenosine catalysis by adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	58-67	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	159-178
9111310-8	1997	Isoforms DRADA2c and -2d, which have a distinctive truncated shorter C-terminal structure, displayed weak adenosine-to-inosine conversion activity but no editing activity tested at three known sites of GluR-B RNA.	Adenosine	106-115	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	9-15
24505337-5	2014	In addition supTh17 cells are resistant to the effects of adenosine as result of the low expression of the A2A receptor and accelerated adenosine catalysis by adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	58-67	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	180-183
24505337-5	2014	In addition supTh17 cells are resistant to the effects of adenosine as result of the low expression of the A2A receptor and accelerated adenosine catalysis by adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	136-145	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	159-178
9113993-1	1997	The glutamate receptor subunit B (GluR-B) pre-mRNA is edited at two adenosine residues, resulting in amino acid changes that alter the electrophysiologic properties of the glutamate receptor.	Adenosine	68-77	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Homo sapiens	4-32
9113993-1	1997	The glutamate receptor subunit B (GluR-B) pre-mRNA is edited at two adenosine residues, resulting in amino acid changes that alter the electrophysiologic properties of the glutamate receptor.	Adenosine	68-77	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Homo sapiens	34-40
24505337-5	2014	In addition supTh17 cells are resistant to the effects of adenosine as result of the low expression of the A2A receptor and accelerated adenosine catalysis by adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	136-145	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	180-183
24316715-0	2014	A METTL3-METTL14 complex mediates mammalian nuclear RNA N6-adenosine methylation.	Adenosine	59-68	methyltransferase 14, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase subunit	Homo sapiens	9-16
9099909-0	1997	Epidermal growth factor protects GH3 cells from adenosine induced growth arrest.	Adenosine	48-57	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-23
25236726-9	2014	Studies using mice lacking the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 have illuminated how adenosine functions through neuroglial interactions involving glutamate uptake transporter GLT-1 [referred to as excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) in human] and possibly water channel aquaporin 4 to regulate ethanol sensitivity, reward-related motivational processes, and alcohol intake.	Adenosine	91-100	solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	182-187
9099909-4	1997	Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was able to completely reverse the growth inhibitory effect, restoring the growth rate of cultures treated with adenosine and EGF to that of control cultures.	Adenosine	142-151	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-23
9099909-4	1997	Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was able to completely reverse the growth inhibitory effect, restoring the growth rate of cultures treated with adenosine and EGF to that of control cultures.	Adenosine	142-151	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
9099909-6	1997	EGF was able to reduce the adenosine induced apoptosis almost to levels seen in the control cultures.	Adenosine	27-36	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
9099909-7	1997	Thus the mechanism of the growth inhibitory effect of adenosine does not appear to be by reducing the rate of cell division but rather by increasing the rate of cell death and EGF restores the growth rate of adenosine treated cells to that of untreated cells by preventing adenosine induced apoptosis.	Adenosine	54-63	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	176-179
9099909-7	1997	Thus the mechanism of the growth inhibitory effect of adenosine does not appear to be by reducing the rate of cell division but rather by increasing the rate of cell death and EGF restores the growth rate of adenosine treated cells to that of untreated cells by preventing adenosine induced apoptosis.	Adenosine	208-217	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	176-179
9099909-7	1997	Thus the mechanism of the growth inhibitory effect of adenosine does not appear to be by reducing the rate of cell division but rather by increasing the rate of cell death and EGF restores the growth rate of adenosine treated cells to that of untreated cells by preventing adenosine induced apoptosis.	Adenosine	208-217	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	176-179
25236726-9	2014	Studies using mice lacking the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 have illuminated how adenosine functions through neuroglial interactions involving glutamate uptake transporter GLT-1 [referred to as excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) in human] and possibly water channel aquaporin 4 to regulate ethanol sensitivity, reward-related motivational processes, and alcohol intake.	Adenosine	91-100	solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	204-239
25236726-9	2014	Studies using mice lacking the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 have illuminated how adenosine functions through neuroglial interactions involving glutamate uptake transporter GLT-1 [referred to as excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) in human] and possibly water channel aquaporin 4 to regulate ethanol sensitivity, reward-related motivational processes, and alcohol intake.	Adenosine	91-100	solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	241-246
25210228-8	2014	Redistribution of NTPDase2, but not of NTPDase3, from ganglion cell bodies to myenteric nerve terminals leads to preferential ADP accumulation from released ATP, thus contributing to the prolonged inhibition of muscle-bound ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 and to the delay of adenosine formation at the inflamed neuromuscular synapse.	Adenosine	270-279	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2	Rattus norvegicus	18-26
25210228-9	2014	On the other hand, depression of endogenous adenosine accumulation may also occur due to enhancement of adenosine deaminase activity.	Adenosine	44-53	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	104-123
9812833-3	1997	To determine the adenosine-receptor subtype which mediates the response of RSNA to adenosine, we used selective A1-receptor agonist (R-PIA) and A2-receptor agonist (NECA) and found that MAP and HR were reduced by R-PIA and NECA.	Adenosine	17-26	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Rattus norvegicus	112-138
24096734-7	2014	Moreover, all adenosine agonists prevented either Ang II- or ET-1-induced hypertrophy, a property shared by the RhoA inhibitor Clostridium botulinum C3 exoenzyme, the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 or the actin depolymerizing agent latrunculin B.	Adenosine	14-23	ras homolog family member A	Rattus norvegicus	112-116
9089072-3	1997	Adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme regulating adenosine levels, exists in the plasma membrane of the sperm, but little is known about its action on testicular function.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-19
9089072-3	1997	Adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme regulating adenosine levels, exists in the plasma membrane of the sperm, but little is known about its action on testicular function.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	21-24
24463125-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of adenosine preconditioning on cell apoptosis and expressions of glucose-regulated protein (GRP-78) and cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease 12 (caspase-12) in rats with spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.	Adenosine	34-43	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Rattus norvegicus	124-130
8901821-5	1996	The conversion of cAMP to adenosine and inosine was inhibited by blockade of phosphodiesterase with IBMX, of ecto-phosphodiesterase with DPSPX, and of ecto-5"-nucleotidase with AMP-CP.	Adenosine	26-35	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	151-171
24463125-7	2014	CONCLUSION: Adenosine can up-regulate GRP-78 expression and down-regulate caspase-12 expression, and protects the spinal cord against ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting cell apoptosis.	Adenosine	12-21	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Rattus norvegicus	38-44
8901821-9	1996	These results indicate that vascular smooth muscle cells metabolize cAMP to adenosine via the sequential action of ecto-phosphodiesterase and ecto-5"-nucleotidase and provide the first evidence that cAMP-derived adenosine can inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell growth.	Adenosine	76-85	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	142-162
24940687-5	2014	The most significant difference between ApoE/LDLr (-/-) and wild-type mice was several times higher rate of conversion of adenosine to inosine catalyzed by eADA activity.	Adenosine	122-131	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	45-49
8901821-9	1996	These results indicate that vascular smooth muscle cells metabolize cAMP to adenosine via the sequential action of ecto-phosphodiesterase and ecto-5"-nucleotidase and provide the first evidence that cAMP-derived adenosine can inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell growth.	Adenosine	212-221	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	142-162
23813862-8	2013	The comparatively high expression of CD39 on liver mDCs correlated strongly with both ATP hydrolysis and adenosine production.	Adenosine	105-114	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	37-41
9010733-1	1996	The distribution of the adenosine-producing ecto-enzyme 5"-nucleotidase was investigated histochemically in the developing rat olfactory bulb.	Adenosine	24-33	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	56-71
8902190-1	1996	The aim of the present study was to find out whether activities of the enzymes controlling adenosine metabolism, 5"-nucleotidase (5NT) and adenosine deaminase (ADA), in the left ventricle of the rat"s heart change after 6 weeks of endurance or sprint training.	Adenosine	91-100	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	113-128
23962057-1	2013	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Adenosine may be generated by hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides by ectonucleotidases, including ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39), ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP-1) and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP).	Adenosine	24-33	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	126-174
8899553-1	1996	Adenosine, synthesized by ecto-5"-nucleotidase, is cardioprotective against ischemia and reperfusion injury.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	26-46
8899553-7	1996	Adenosine release during hypoxia and reperfusion was augmented in the methoxamine- and PMA-pretreated cardiomyocytes compared with the untreated cardiomyocytes, which was inhibited by alpha, beta-methyleneadenosine 5"-diphosphate (AOPCP), an inhibitor of ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	255-275
23962057-1	2013	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Adenosine may be generated by hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides by ectonucleotidases, including ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39), ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP-1) and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP).	Adenosine	24-33	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	176-180
23962057-1	2013	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Adenosine may be generated by hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides by ectonucleotidases, including ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39), ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP-1) and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP).	Adenosine	24-33	alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney	Mus musculus	271-311
23962057-1	2013	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Adenosine may be generated by hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides by ectonucleotidases, including ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39), ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP-1) and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP).	Adenosine	24-33	alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney	Mus musculus	313-317
8864701-0	1996	The affinity of adenosine for the high- and low-affinity states of the human adenosine A1 receptor.	Adenosine	16-25	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	77-98
23703920-0	2013	Equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT)-1-dependent elevation of extracellular adenosine protects the liver during ischemia and reperfusion.	Adenosine	82-91	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	0-44
8864701-1	1996	The affinity of adenosine for the human adenosine A1 receptor expressed on Chinese hamster ovary cell membranes has been measured in the presence and absence of GTP.	Adenosine	16-25	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	40-61
8864701-3	1996	From these data, the affinity of adenosine for the high- and low-affinity states of the human adenosine A1 receptor (7 x 10(7) and 1.3 x 10(5) M-1, respectively) was calculated.	Adenosine	33-42	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	94-115
8645720-1	1996	Magnesium ion is an allosteric effector of 5"-nucleotidase and thus activates adenosine production from AMP.	Adenosine	78-87	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	43-58
24122028-6	2013	Western blotting is done to analyze the effect of ADO on FcepsilonRI-induced Syk phosphorylation.	Adenosine	50-53	spleen associated tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	77-80
24122028-11	2013	Accordingly, ADO significantly attenuated FcepsilonRI-induced phosphorylation of Syk at the critical activating tyrosine (Y525).	Adenosine	13-16	spleen associated tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	81-84
23922219-0	2013	Role of CNPase in the oligodendrocytic extracellular 2",3"-cAMP-adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	64-73	2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase	Mus musculus	8-14
8667202-3	1996	Under conditions in which extensive metabolism of intracellular adenosine was present, [3H]adenosine accumulation by DDT1 MF-2 cells was almost completely inhibited by iodotubercidin and the adenosine deaminase inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)-adenine or by the nucleoside transport inhibitor nitrobenzylthioinosine.	Adenosine	64-73	adenosine deaminase	Mesocricetus auratus	191-210
23922219-8	2013	Oligodendrocytes also converted 2"-AMP to adenosine, and this was also attenuated in CNPase -/- oligodendrocytes.	Adenosine	42-51	2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase	Mus musculus	85-91
23890048-9	2013	Adenosine (7.1 mumol L(-1) ) added to WB, was detectable for 0.5 min in the presence of vehicle or PAM, for 3-6 min in the presence of ticagrelor, and for &gt; 60 min in the presence of dipyridamole.	Adenosine	0-9	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Homo sapiens	99-102
8967393-11	1996	Nevertheless, cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase activity in human heart can easily account for adenosine formation during ischemia.	Adenosine	87-96	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	24-39
23810895-9	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Common clinical features and a low adenosine plasmatic level define a distinct form of syncope, distinguish it from VVS, and suggest a causal role of the adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	48-57	VVS	Homo sapiens	129-132
8745227-12	1996	Increased recycling of adenosine to phosphorylated nucleotides may result from MLA"s affect on adenosine kinase, which could explain the drugs effect on adenylate and adenosine metabolite pools.	Adenosine	23-32	adenosine kinase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	95-111
8558444-3	1996	In the present study, a newly synthesized iodinated adenosine analogue, [125I]2-[2-(4-amino-3-iodophenhyl)ethylamino]adenosine (125I-APE), was found to bind to adenosine receptors in porcine coronary artery smooth muscle membranes.	Adenosine	52-61	apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	133-136
23603835-8	2013	Subsequent studies in gene-targeted mice for Ent1 or Ent2 revealed a selective phenotype in Ent2(-/-) mice, including attenuated pulmonary edema and improved gas exchange during ALI in conjunction with elevated adenosine levels in the bronchoalveolar fluid.	Adenosine	211-220	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	45-49
8577368-8	1995	These results demonstrate that systemic administration of adenosine antagonists enhance D2 dopamine receptor-dependent regulation of c-Fos in the striatopallidal pathway.	Adenosine	58-67	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	88-108
23732541-3	2013	Here, we show that the 5" adenosine of miR390 and the central region of miR390/miR390* duplex are critical for the specific interaction with AGO7.	Adenosine	26-35	MIR390a	Arabidopsis thaliana	39-45
7677773-2	1995	One of the receptors mediating the central effects of adenosine is the adenosine A1 receptor.	Adenosine	54-63	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	71-92
23732541-3	2013	Here, we show that the 5" adenosine of miR390 and the central region of miR390/miR390* duplex are critical for the specific interaction with AGO7.	Adenosine	26-35	MIR390a	Arabidopsis thaliana	72-78
7573382-10	1995	Adenosine, through the activation of a GTP-binding protein, antagonizes the ATPi-induced channel closure.	Adenosine	0-9	ATP synthase inhibitory factor subunit 1	Homo sapiens	76-80
23732541-3	2013	Here, we show that the 5" adenosine of miR390 and the central region of miR390/miR390* duplex are critical for the specific interaction with AGO7.	Adenosine	26-35	MIR390a	Arabidopsis thaliana	72-78
23732541-3	2013	Here, we show that the 5" adenosine of miR390 and the central region of miR390/miR390* duplex are critical for the specific interaction with AGO7.	Adenosine	26-35	Argonaute family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	141-145
23540714-4	2013	This adenosine-mediated cardio-adaptive response involves the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor HIF1alpha and the circadian rhythm protein PER2.	Adenosine	5-14	period circadian regulator 2	Homo sapiens	151-155
24159812-1	2013	The addition of Na and Ca chlorides to adenine (A), adenosine (Ado) and adenosine diphosphate solutions at pH 5.3 has been shown to result in intensification of EPR signals in samples irradiated by near UV at 77 K and appearance of signals of Cl2-* and peroxyl radicals.	Adenosine	63-66	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	243-246
7492733-3	1995	The products were found to consist of ethenoadenosine derivatives which bonded an additional adenosine unit to C-8 in the etheno bridge.	Adenosine	44-53	homeobox C8	Homo sapiens	111-114
7662029-8	1995	Inhibition of inflammation by GP-1-515 in this model depended upon increased adenosine concentration in the inflamed pouch since injection of adenosine deaminase into the air pouch with the carrageenan completely reversed the antiinflammatory effects of GP-1-515 at all doses of GP-1-515 tested.	Adenosine	77-86	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	142-161
23184610-5	2013	Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) transfers hydrophilic nucleosides, such as adenosine, across the plasma membrane.	Adenosine	89-98	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	0-38
7670465-4	1995	The ADA substrates, adenosine and deoxyadenosine, are increased in ADA-deficient mice.	Adenosine	20-29	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	4-7
23184610-5	2013	Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) transfers hydrophilic nucleosides, such as adenosine, across the plasma membrane.	Adenosine	89-98	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	40-44
23184610-12	2013	Plasma adenosine levels were significantly greater in ENT1(-/-) mice than in wild-type, consistent with loss of ENT1--a primary adenosine uptake pathway.	Adenosine	7-16	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	54-58
7721757-0	1995	Editing of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor GluR-B pre-mRNA in vitro reveals site-selective adenosine to inosine conversion.	Adenosine	125-134	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Homo sapiens	77-83
23184610-12	2013	Plasma adenosine levels were significantly greater in ENT1(-/-) mice than in wild-type, consistent with loss of ENT1--a primary adenosine uptake pathway.	Adenosine	128-137	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	54-58
23462984-1	2013	A new approach is proposed for simple detection of adenosine deaminase (ADA) based on adenosine induced self-assembly of two pieces of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA).	Adenosine	51-60	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	72-75
7878468-1	1995	RNA encoding the B subunit of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor (GluR-B) undergoes a posttranscriptional modification in which a genomically encoded adenosine is represented as a guanosine in the GluR-B complementary DNA.	Adenosine	224-233	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Homo sapiens	140-146
7878468-1	1995	RNA encoding the B subunit of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor (GluR-B) undergoes a posttranscriptional modification in which a genomically encoded adenosine is represented as a guanosine in the GluR-B complementary DNA.	Adenosine	224-233	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Homo sapiens	271-277
7878468-2	1995	In vitro editing of GluR-B RNA transcripts with HeLa cell nuclear extracts was found to result from an activity that converts adenosine to inosine in regions of double-stranded RNA by enzymatic base modification.	Adenosine	126-135	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Homo sapiens	20-26
23462984-6	2013	Reaction of the complex with ADA causes a great fluorescence enhancement by converting adenosine into inosine that has no affinity for the aptamer.	Adenosine	87-96	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	29-32
23447535-4	2013	Tyr-330 lies within the adenosine-binding motif in the C-terminal tail of PKAc within a cluster of acidic amino acids (DDYEEEE), which is a characteristic of Syk substrates.	Adenosine	24-33	spleen associated tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	158-161
7870177-0	1995	Editing of glutamate receptor subunit B pre-mRNA in vitro by site-specific deamination of adenosine.	Adenosine	90-99	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Homo sapiens	11-39
7870177-1	1995	Editing of the glutamate receptor subunit B (GluR-B) pre-mRNA at a single adenosine residue results in an amino-acid change that profoundly alters the electrophysiological properties of the receptor.	Adenosine	74-83	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Homo sapiens	15-43
23278551-0	2013	Adenosine and cAMP signalling skew human dendritic cell differentiation towards a tolerogenic phenotype with defective CD8(+) T-cell priming capacity.	Adenosine	0-9	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	119-122
7870177-1	1995	Editing of the glutamate receptor subunit B (GluR-B) pre-mRNA at a single adenosine residue results in an amino-acid change that profoundly alters the electrophysiological properties of the receptor.	Adenosine	74-83	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Homo sapiens	45-51
7553137-1	1995	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase is anchored at the outer surface of cell membranes and thus its reaction product adenosine is released into the extracellular space.	Adenosine	102-111	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	0-20
23278551-7	2013	These results establish a novel mechanism by which adenosine hampers CD8(+) T-cell immunity via dendritic cells that may contribute to peripheral tolerance as well as to the establishment of immunosuppressive microenvironments relevant to tumour biology.	Adenosine	51-60	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	69-72
23190738-1	2013	The secretory and transmembrane isoforms of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) can dephosphorylate extracellular adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine, classifying PAP as an ectonucleotidase.	Adenosine	111-120	acid phosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	44-70
7753405-1	1995	The adenosine-producing ecto-enzyme 5"-nucleotidase has recently been assigned to malleable axon terminals in both the developing and regenerating adult nervous system, but is otherwise only glia-bound.	Adenosine	4-13	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	36-51
23190738-1	2013	The secretory and transmembrane isoforms of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) can dephosphorylate extracellular adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine, classifying PAP as an ectonucleotidase.	Adenosine	111-120	acid phosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	72-75
23190738-1	2013	The secretory and transmembrane isoforms of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) can dephosphorylate extracellular adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine, classifying PAP as an ectonucleotidase.	Adenosine	111-120	acid phosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	170-173
22944024-8	2013	And if the ADA is added into the mixture, the DNA1 unbends, because of the adenosine is transformed to inosine catalyzed by the ADA.	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	11-14
7533314-9	1995	Interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, cyclic adenosine monophosphate and adenosine analogues also activated 5"-nucleotidase whereas they were inactive on alkaline phosphodiesterase I.	Adenosine	45-54	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	108-123
7961848-7	1994	The enzymatic properties of the protein expressed in insect cells are characteristic of type II PtdIns 4-kinases (activated by detergent and inhibited by adenosine), and PI4K alpha is recognized by an antibody specific for type II PtdIns 4-kinases.	Adenosine	154-163	phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha	Homo sapiens	170-180
22944024-8	2013	And if the ADA is added into the mixture, the DNA1 unbends, because of the adenosine is transformed to inosine catalyzed by the ADA.	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	128-131
23246977-6	2013	An adenosine to guanine single nucleotide polymorphism of VDR gene (rs757343) was genotyped using the PCR-RFLP method.	Adenosine	3-12	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	58-61
7799447-10	1994	Although the inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase caused a decrease in the release of adenosine and adenine moiety label from the heart it is most likely that adenosine was mainly derived from intracellular sources, because the hypoxia-induced increase in the concentration of adenosine was more excessive than that of AMP.	Adenosine	84-93	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	27-47
7799447-10	1994	Although the inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase caused a decrease in the release of adenosine and adenine moiety label from the heart it is most likely that adenosine was mainly derived from intracellular sources, because the hypoxia-induced increase in the concentration of adenosine was more excessive than that of AMP.	Adenosine	157-166	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	27-47
7799447-10	1994	Although the inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase caused a decrease in the release of adenosine and adenine moiety label from the heart it is most likely that adenosine was mainly derived from intracellular sources, because the hypoxia-induced increase in the concentration of adenosine was more excessive than that of AMP.	Adenosine	157-166	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	27-47
23152114-2	2013	Therefore, we hypothesized that lack of sEH in mice enhances adenosine-induced relaxation through A(2A) adenosine receptors (AR) via CYP-epoxygenases and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Adenosine	61-70	epoxide hydrolase 2, cytoplasmic	Mus musculus	40-43
23607094-5	2013	The artificial box C/D RNA directed to the branch point adenosine of the second intron, as well as the analogue directed to the last nucleotide of the second exon of the HSPA8 pre-mRNA caused the most prominent influence on the level of HSPA8 mRNAs.	Adenosine	56-65	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8	Homo sapiens	170-175
7952795-2	1994	Adenosine and other purines are released by tissues during ischemia as occurs in the utero-placental circulation during PIH.	Adenosine	0-9	pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, toxemia of pregnancy included)	Homo sapiens	120-123
23607094-5	2013	The artificial box C/D RNA directed to the branch point adenosine of the second intron, as well as the analogue directed to the last nucleotide of the second exon of the HSPA8 pre-mRNA caused the most prominent influence on the level of HSPA8 mRNAs.	Adenosine	56-65	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8	Homo sapiens	237-242
23083809-5	2012	Mouse Th17 cells induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) express CD39 and CD73 ectonucleotidases on their surfaces, which leads to adenosine release and suppression of T cell immunity.	Adenosine	145-154	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	79-83
7545935-1	1994	The murine gene encoding the GluR-B subunit of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptors was characterized with respect to exon-intron organization, transcriptional start site, alternatively spliced transcripts, and adenosine to guanosine substitutions between gene and complementary DNA sequence.	Adenosine	241-250	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA2 (alpha 2)	Mus musculus	29-35
22579767-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Adenosine deaminase (ADA) catalyzes the deamination of adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	67-76	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	12-31
8000038-1	1994	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (5"-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.5) of mesangial cells may be the main source of adenosine within the glomerulus, and thus essential in the regulation of glomerular microcirculation.	Adenosine	115-124	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-20
22579767-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Adenosine deaminase (ADA) catalyzes the deamination of adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	67-76	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	33-36
22579767-6	2012	RESULTS: The molar extinction coefficients of adenosine and inosine at 265 nm were 12,715 and 4,918 l/mol.cm and their difference was used to calculate ADA activity.	Adenosine	46-55	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	152-155
8127679-1	1994	The methylation of internal adenosine residues in mRNA only occurs within GAC or AAC sequences.	Adenosine	28-37	glycine N-acyltransferase	Bos taurus	81-84
23026583-1	2012	To study whether treatment with adenosine (ADO), an agonist of adenosine receptors, attenuates intestinal dysfunction caused by ischemia (I) and reperfusion (R), we treated rats with ADO (15 mg/kg or saline solution (SS) intravenously before 60 minutes occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (I) and/or 120 minutes after its release (R).	Adenosine	32-41	2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenase	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
8110185-0	1994	Phosphorylation of adenosine in renal brush-border membrane vesicles by an exchange reaction catalysed by adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine kinase	Sus scrofa	106-122
23026583-1	2012	To study whether treatment with adenosine (ADO), an agonist of adenosine receptors, attenuates intestinal dysfunction caused by ischemia (I) and reperfusion (R), we treated rats with ADO (15 mg/kg or saline solution (SS) intravenously before 60 minutes occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (I) and/or 120 minutes after its release (R).	Adenosine	32-41	2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenase	Rattus norvegicus	183-186
22821963-4	2012	The suppressive activity of CD8+CCR7+ Tregs is not mediated by IL-10, TGF-beta, CTLA-4, CCL4, or adenosine and relies on interference with very early steps of the TCR signaling cascade.	Adenosine	97-106	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	28-31
8282812-2	1994	Capacity for ATP resynthesis during recovery from ischemia or hypoxia is limited to the size of the adenine nucleotide pool, which is determined in part by the activity of cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase (5"-NT): AMP--&gt;adenosine plus inorganic phosphate (Pi).	Adenosine	216-225	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	182-197
7519152-4	1993	An assumption is made that inhibiting action of antibodies on activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase may change adenosine concentration and may be one of elements in the mechanism promoting an increase of the intracellular calcium concentration.	Adenosine	106-115	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	74-94
22613226-1	2012	We present a novel fluorescent aptasensor for simple and accurate detection of adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity and inhibition on the basis of graphene oxide (GO) using adenosine (AD) as the substrate.	Adenosine	79-88	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	100-103
22613226-1	2012	We present a novel fluorescent aptasensor for simple and accurate detection of adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity and inhibition on the basis of graphene oxide (GO) using adenosine (AD) as the substrate.	Adenosine	100-102	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	79-98
8505099-2	1993	Our previous work showed that a cytosolic (not a membrane, as previously hypothesized) 5"-nucleotidase from dog heart has the kinetic properties consistent with it being the enzyme responsible for adenosine formation from adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP) in response to hypoxia or ischemia.	Adenosine	197-206	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Canis lupus familiaris	87-102
8505099-8	1993	These results are the first to document the presence cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase in specific cell types in the heart and demonstrate the potential for these cell types to produce adenosine via cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	177-186	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Canis lupus familiaris	63-78
8505099-8	1993	These results are the first to document the presence cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase in specific cell types in the heart and demonstrate the potential for these cell types to produce adenosine via cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	177-186	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Canis lupus familiaris	201-216
22617023-7	2012	The 300 nucleotides long 3"-terminal region of the PepMV genome, containing a stretch of at least 20 adenosine (A) residues, was an adequate exogenous RNA template for RdRp initiation of the minus-strand synthesis but higher transcription efficiency was observed as the number of A residues increased.	Adenosine	101-110	RNA dependent RNA polymerase	Pepino mosaic virus	168-172
8456951-0	1993	Distribution and regulation of renal ecto-5"-nucleotidase: implications for physiological functions of adenosine.	Adenosine	103-112	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	37-57
8456951-6	1993	Then we focus on the ecto-5"-nucleotidase, which seems to represent the major source of extracellular adenosine in the kidney; that enzyme is present in tubular luminal membranes, in fibroblasts, and in mesangial cells.	Adenosine	102-111	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	21-41
22377775-2	2012	The adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1) gene resides within proximity of linkage peaks on chromosome 9q influence AD and plays a key role in cellular cholesterol efflux in the brain.	Adenosine	4-13	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	65-70
8341135-5	1993	The Ca2+ ionophore A23187 also releases adenosine, but this release is due to the extrasynaptosomal conversion of released nucleotide(s) to adenosine, as it is markedly reduced by ecto-5"-nucleotidase inhibitors.	Adenosine	40-49	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	180-200
8341135-5	1993	The Ca2+ ionophore A23187 also releases adenosine, but this release is due to the extrasynaptosomal conversion of released nucleotide(s) to adenosine, as it is markedly reduced by ecto-5"-nucleotidase inhibitors.	Adenosine	140-149	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	180-200
22613024-1	2012	Modulation of purinergic signaling, which is critical for vascular homeostasis and the response to vascular injury, is regulated by hydrolysis of proinflammatory ATP and/or ADP by ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (ENTPD-1; CD39) to AMP, which then is hydrolyzed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to adenosine.	Adenosine	312-321	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	180-228
22613024-1	2012	Modulation of purinergic signaling, which is critical for vascular homeostasis and the response to vascular injury, is regulated by hydrolysis of proinflammatory ATP and/or ADP by ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (ENTPD-1; CD39) to AMP, which then is hydrolyzed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to adenosine.	Adenosine	312-321	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	230-237
22540145-3	2012	Extracellular ATP and adenosine diphosphate are converted to adenosine monophosphate (AMP) by the enzyme ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1, also known as CD39, and extracellular AMP is in turn converted to adenosine by the 5"-ectonuleotidase enzyme CD73.	Adenosine	22-31	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	105-153
22540145-3	2012	Extracellular ATP and adenosine diphosphate are converted to adenosine monophosphate (AMP) by the enzyme ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1, also known as CD39, and extracellular AMP is in turn converted to adenosine by the 5"-ectonuleotidase enzyme CD73.	Adenosine	22-31	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	169-173
22048125-2	2012	In this study, we found that the formation of AVs was mediated by activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the brains of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice, amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) pathology-bearing model mouse.	Adenosine	80-89	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	136-140
22423036-4	2012	The receptors that transduce adenosine action are the A1, A2a, A2b, and A3 adenosine receptors (A1AR, A2aAR, A2bAR, and A3AR).	Adenosine	29-38	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	109-114
22353632-1	2012	Adenosine deaminase, which catalyzes the deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine, plays a central role in purine metabolism.	Adenosine	56-65	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
22406269-2	2012	Here, we showed that in vitro Th17 cells generated with the cytokines IL-6 and TGF-beta expressed CD39 and CD73 ectonucleotidases, leading to adenosine release and the subsequent suppression of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell effector functions.	Adenosine	142-151	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	205-208
22182780-6	2012	Eventually, adenosine deaminase (ADA) almost abolished the adenosine-induced inhibition, but only moderately decreased the ATP-induced inhibition.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
22244962-7	2012	CONCLUSIONS: We may suggest that ectonucleotidases as well as ADA are enzymes involved in thromboembolic events but especially here we may see that they are also directly involved in the generation of adenosine formation in the cancer patient circulation.	Adenosine	201-210	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	62-65
22142423-0	2012	Structure-activity relationships of truncated C2- or C8-substituted adenosine derivatives as dual acting A2A and A3 adenosine receptor ligands.	Adenosine	68-77	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	105-108
23171836-10	2012	Adenosine upregulated expression of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), that is suppressed by knocking-down A(3) adenosine receptor, and accumulated AIF in the nucleus.	Adenosine	0-9	apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1	Homo sapiens	36-61
23171836-10	2012	Adenosine upregulated expression of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), that is suppressed by knocking-down A(3) adenosine receptor, and accumulated AIF in the nucleus.	Adenosine	0-9	apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1	Homo sapiens	63-66
23171836-10	2012	Adenosine upregulated expression of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), that is suppressed by knocking-down A(3) adenosine receptor, and accumulated AIF in the nucleus.	Adenosine	0-9	apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1	Homo sapiens	146-149
23171836-11	2012	CONCLUSION: The results of the present study show that adenosine induces 5637 cell apoptosis by upregulating AIF expression via an A(3) adenosine receptor-mediated G(q) protein/PKC pathway.	Adenosine	55-64	apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1	Homo sapiens	109-112
22001157-0	2012	Ecto-ATPase inhibition: ATP and adenosine release under physiological and ischemic in vivo conditions in the rat striatum.	Adenosine	32-41	CEA cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
21873810-8	2012	In addition, adenosine and ATP prevented the production of LPS-induced IL-6, TNF-alpha and IL-12 in DH82 cells.	Adenosine	13-22	interleukin 6	Canis lupus familiaris	71-75
22952909-2	2012	Adenosine is strongly implicated in sleep homeostasis, and a single nucleotide polymorphism in the adenosine deaminase gene (ADA G22A) has been associated with deeper and more efficient sleep.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	99-118
22844517-1	2012	Adenosine causes vasodilation of human placenta vasculature by increasing the transport of arginine via cationic amino acid transporters 1 (hCAT-1).	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 7 member 1	Homo sapiens	140-146
22720031-6	2012	Prostaglandin E2 and adenosine, natural ligands that stimulate adenylyl cyclase activity, also enhanced Amphiregulin synthesis while reducing synthesis of most other cytokines.	Adenosine	21-30	amphiregulin	Homo sapiens	104-116
22919313-7	2012	As with adult PMNs, adenosine could suppress the CD11b expressions of neonatal PMNs, but had no significant suppressive effect on phagocytosis.	Adenosine	20-29	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	49-54
22039302-1	2011	Extracellular adenosine and purine nucleotides are elevated in many pathological situations associated with the expansion of CD11b(+)Gr1(+) myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs).	Adenosine	14-23	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	125-130
21872611-11	2011	Enhanced extracellular adenosine levels in ENT1-null cardiomyocytes appeared to come from a pool of extracellular nucleotides including IMP, AMP and ADP.	Adenosine	23-32	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	43-47
21872611-13	2011	SIGNIFICANCE: ENT1 contributes to modulation of extracellular adenosine levels and subsequent purinergic signaling via ARs.	Adenosine	62-71	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	14-18
21872611-14	2011	ENT1-null mice possess elevated circulating adenosine levels and reduced cellular uptake resulting in a perpetually cardioprotected phenotype.	Adenosine	44-53	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	0-4
21775503-10	2011	We demonstrated that Hsp70 binds to polyQ in adenosine triphosphate-dependent manner, which suggests that Hsp70 exerts a chaperoning activity in the course of this interaction.	Adenosine	45-54	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	21-26
21775503-10	2011	We demonstrated that Hsp70 binds to polyQ in adenosine triphosphate-dependent manner, which suggests that Hsp70 exerts a chaperoning activity in the course of this interaction.	Adenosine	45-54	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	106-111
21593451-6	2011	Treatment of stimulated CD4(+) T-cells with adenosine (25 muM) potently reduced IFN-gamma release which is mediated by adenosine A2a receptors (A2aR).	Adenosine	44-53	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	24-27
21593451-10	2011	In summary, CD73-derived adenosine tonically inhibits active NF-kappaB in CD4(+) T-cells, thereby modulating the release of a broad spectrum of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines.	Adenosine	25-34	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	74-77
21615561-1	2011	Adenosine neuromodulation depends on a balanced activation of inhibitory A1 (A1R) and facilitatory A(2A) receptors (A(2A) R).	Adenosine	0-9	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A6	Rattus norvegicus	73-75
21615561-1	2011	Adenosine neuromodulation depends on a balanced activation of inhibitory A1 (A1R) and facilitatory A(2A) receptors (A(2A) R).	Adenosine	0-9	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A6	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
21546330-3	2011	Extracellular adenosine levels are a net result of its production (mediated by CD39 and CD73), and of its conversion into inosine by Adenosine Deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	133-152
21546330-3	2011	Extracellular adenosine levels are a net result of its production (mediated by CD39 and CD73), and of its conversion into inosine by Adenosine Deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	154-157
21145355-2	2011	The GTPase family of proteins, including fission proteins, dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1), mitochondrial fission 1 (Fis1), and fusion proteins (Mfn1, Mfn2 and Opa1) are essential to maintain mitochondrial fission and fusion balance, and to provide necessary adenosine triphosphate to neurons.	Adenosine	260-269	fission, mitochondrial 1	Homo sapiens	118-122
21145355-2	2011	The GTPase family of proteins, including fission proteins, dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1), mitochondrial fission 1 (Fis1), and fusion proteins (Mfn1, Mfn2 and Opa1) are essential to maintain mitochondrial fission and fusion balance, and to provide necessary adenosine triphosphate to neurons.	Adenosine	260-269	mitofusin 1	Homo sapiens	146-150
21145355-2	2011	The GTPase family of proteins, including fission proteins, dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1), mitochondrial fission 1 (Fis1), and fusion proteins (Mfn1, Mfn2 and Opa1) are essential to maintain mitochondrial fission and fusion balance, and to provide necessary adenosine triphosphate to neurons.	Adenosine	260-269	mitofusin 2	Homo sapiens	152-156
21463108-3	2011	dCF is a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (ADA), and treatment results in the accumulation of deoxyadenosine (dAdo) and adenosine (Ado) in the plasma.	Adenosine	29-38	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	50-53
1336530-0	1992	[Effect of cyclic AMP and adenosine on hCG transcription by trophoblast cells].	Adenosine	26-35	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	39-42
1336530-7	1992	We have also shown that adenosine is a potent stimulator of hCG production.	Adenosine	24-33	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	60-63
1524217-3	1992	Adenosine formation is spectrophotometrically determined by combining a coupled-enzyme system (adenosine deaminase or an adenosine deaminase/nucleoside phosphorylase/xanthine oxidase combination) to the ribonuclease cleavage.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	95-114
1524217-3	1992	Adenosine formation is spectrophotometrically determined by combining a coupled-enzyme system (adenosine deaminase or an adenosine deaminase/nucleoside phosphorylase/xanthine oxidase combination) to the ribonuclease cleavage.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	121-140
1348400-3	1992	The pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to adenosine was abolished by BW 1433U, a specific purinergic receptor (P1) inhibitor, PTX pretreatment, indomethacin, and ONO 3708, a thromboxane A2 (TxA2) receptor antagonist.	Adenosine	42-51	thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens	174-204
1311718-16	1992	We conclude that adenosine activates a 305-pS Cl- channel in the apical membrane of RCCT-28A cells by a membrane-delimited pathway involving an A1 adenosine receptor, phospholipase C, diacylglycerol, PKC, and a G protein.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine receptor A1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	144-165
1914153-1	1991	The transient appearance of 5"-nucleotidase, an adenosine-producing ecto-enzyme, was studied during specific stages of postnatal synaptogenesis in the rat cerebellum.	Adenosine	48-57	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	28-43
2006182-9	1991	One hypothesis that explains the effect of methotrexate on adenosine release is that, by inhibition of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) transformylase, methotrexate induces the accumulation of AICAR, the nucleoside precursor of which (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside referred to hereafter as acadesine) has previously been shown to cause adenosine release from ischemic cardiac tissue.	Adenosine	59-68	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	150-155
2006182-9	1991	One hypothesis that explains the effect of methotrexate on adenosine release is that, by inhibition of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) transformylase, methotrexate induces the accumulation of AICAR, the nucleoside precursor of which (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside referred to hereafter as acadesine) has previously been shown to cause adenosine release from ischemic cardiac tissue.	Adenosine	59-68	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	214-219
2006182-9	1991	One hypothesis that explains the effect of methotrexate on adenosine release is that, by inhibition of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) transformylase, methotrexate induces the accumulation of AICAR, the nucleoside precursor of which (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside referred to hereafter as acadesine) has previously been shown to cause adenosine release from ischemic cardiac tissue.	Adenosine	373-382	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	150-155
2035831-1	1991	Kinetic investigations on adenosine deaminase from calf intestinal mucosa by spectrophotometric monitoring of the reaction at 264, 270, or 228 nm show that this method does not produce artifactual inhibition by substrate excess up to 0.7 mM concentration, when either adenosine or 2"-deoxyadenosine are employed with calf adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine deaminase	Bos taurus	322-341
1987316-1	1991	5"-Nucleotidase activity was assayed in 105,000-g supernatants from rat brain by following conversion of [3H]AMP into adenosine.	Adenosine	118-127	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	0-15
2267953-2	1990	The order of potency of adenosine analogues (CHA = R-PIA greater than NECA much greater than CGS 21680, CV 1808) indicates that the adenosine receptor responsible is of the A1 subtype.	Adenosine	24-33	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Rattus norvegicus	51-56
21335462-12	2011	Together, these results identify AK as an important mediator of adenosine attenuation of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, which acts, at least in part, through inhibition of Raf signaling to mTOR/p70S6k.	Adenosine	64-73	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	185-189
21274618-0	2011	Baclofen and adenosine inhibition of synaptic transmission at CA3-CA1 synapses display differential sensitivity to K+ channel blockade.	Adenosine	13-22	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	62-69
20836741-2	2011	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme responsible for the degradation of adenosine.	Adenosine	74-83	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
20836741-2	2011	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme responsible for the degradation of adenosine.	Adenosine	74-83	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
21258363-7	2011	Importantly, we found that inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and adenosine and neutralizing antibodies against IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta could reverse cytokine production, suggesting that IDO, adenosine, IL-10 and Transforming growth factor-beta1 in PF might take part in impairing T-cell functions.	Adenosine	229-238	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	125-130
21158714-6	2011	Several DNMT inhibitors are currently being evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies, include various analogues of adenosine, cytidine or deoxycytidine.	Adenosine	120-129	DNA methyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	8-12
20854794-7	2011	The thienopyrimidine 2"-deoxynucleoside (dMeThPmR, 3) and ribonucleoside (MeThPmR, 4) were the most active inhibitors of uridine transport in hCNT1-producing oocytes and were an order of magnitude more effective than adenosine, a known low-capacity transport inhibitor of hCNT1.	Adenosine	217-226	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	142-147
21490773-6	2011	Methotrexate upregulates expression of cholesterol 27-hydroxylase and ABCA1 via adenosine release, while COX-2 inhibition downregulates these proteins.	Adenosine	80-89	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	70-75
20723579-3	2010	Adenosine but not CHA increased lactate production, glucose uptake, GLUT1, LDHA and MCT4 mRNA levels, and stabilized ZO-1 protein at the cell membrane.	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	68-73
20940317-5	2010	The adenosine works in this regard through the adenosine receptor as an anti-insulin hormone in parallel to adipokinetic hormone, a glucagon counterpart in flies.	Adenosine	4-13	Insulin-like receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	77-84
20682839-9	2010	NTPDase3 activity also regulated the inhibitory effect of exogenous ATP in the presence of a high glucose concentration most likely by controlling adenosine production.	Adenosine	147-156	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
20860664-10	2010	After pretreatment with dipyridamole plus ADA, to reduce extracellular adenosine, CIB decreased cholinergic motor responses of normal LMP to ES, with enhanced efficacy in inflamed LMP.	Adenosine	71-80	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
20543083-8	2010	These changes in adenosine deaminase and A(2a) receptors likely reflect adaptive cellular mechanisms in response to reduced adenosine flux across the membranes of ENT1(-/-) cells.	Adenosine	17-26	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	163-167
20063052-0	2010	Adenosine-induced caspase-3 activation by tuning Bcl-XL/DIABLO/IAP expression in HuH-7 human hepatoma cells.	Adenosine	0-9	MIR7-3 host gene	Homo sapiens	81-86
20063052-1	2010	Extracellular adenosine disrupted mitochondrial membrane potentials in HuH-7 cells, a Fas-deficient human hepatoma cell line, and the effect was inhibited by the adenosine transporter inhibitor dipyridamole or by overexpressing Bcl-X(L).	Adenosine	14-23	MIR7-3 host gene	Homo sapiens	71-76
20063052-4	2010	Caspase-3 and -8 were implicated in adenosine-induced HuH-7 cell death, and adenosine actually activated caspase-3 without caspase-9 activation.	Adenosine	36-45	MIR7-3 host gene	Homo sapiens	54-59
20063052-7	2010	This represents further insight into adenosine-induced HuH-7 cell apoptotic pathway.	Adenosine	37-46	MIR7-3 host gene	Homo sapiens	55-60
20175942-7	2010	Administration of adenosine also increased plasma adiponectin levels, accompanied by upregulation of mRNA expression level of adiponectin and adiponectin receptor 1 in perirenal fat and adiponectin receptor 2 in the liver.	Adenosine	18-27	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	50-61
20175942-7	2010	Administration of adenosine also increased plasma adiponectin levels, accompanied by upregulation of mRNA expression level of adiponectin and adiponectin receptor 1 in perirenal fat and adiponectin receptor 2 in the liver.	Adenosine	18-27	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	126-137
20399005-2	2010	PATIENTS AND METHODS: The ADA assay was based on the automatic indirect method in which ADA catalyzes adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	102-111	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	26-29
20399005-2	2010	PATIENTS AND METHODS: The ADA assay was based on the automatic indirect method in which ADA catalyzes adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	102-111	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	88-91
20399005-3	2010	ADA activity in the CSF was calculated based on ammonia liberated from adenosine and quantified spectrophotometrically.	Adenosine	71-80	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-3
20228181-9	2010	We also found that adenosine enhanced Rac1 GTPase activity and overexpression of dominant negative Rac1 attenuated adenosine-induced increases in focal adhesion complexes.	Adenosine	19-28	Rac family small GTPase 1	Homo sapiens	38-42
2231747-6	1990	The intercellular distribution of 5"-nucleotidase was not studied, but the lack of this enzyme in the mitochondria indicate that the adenosine production observed during mitochondrial AMP production, e.g. during acetate oxidation in intact heart muscle, must involve AMP transport out from the mitochondria.	Adenosine	133-142	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	34-49
2382828-3	1990	Because ADA2 has a higher Km for adenosine and higher Ki values for EHNA than does ADA1, the activity of ADA1 is almost completely inhibited by EHNA at 0.1 mM (analytical recovery 4.1%), whereas ADA2 is practically unaffected (analytical recovery 94.8%) by that concentration of EHNA.	Adenosine	33-42	transcriptional adaptor 2A	Homo sapiens	8-12
2382828-3	1990	Because ADA2 has a higher Km for adenosine and higher Ki values for EHNA than does ADA1, the activity of ADA1 is almost completely inhibited by EHNA at 0.1 mM (analytical recovery 4.1%), whereas ADA2 is practically unaffected (analytical recovery 94.8%) by that concentration of EHNA.	Adenosine	33-42	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	105-109
1967143-4	1990	Inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase by alpha,beta-methylene ADP and GMP decreased basal release of adenosine by 40%, indicating that part of the adenosine was derived from the extracellular metabolism of released nucleotide.	Adenosine	98-107	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	14-34
1967143-4	1990	Inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase by alpha,beta-methylene ADP and GMP decreased basal release of adenosine by 40%, indicating that part of the adenosine was derived from the extracellular metabolism of released nucleotide.	Adenosine	144-153	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	14-34
33771554-0	2021	Activation of central adenosine A2B receptors mediate brain ghrelin-induced improvement of intestinal barrier function through the vagus nerve in rats.	Adenosine	22-31	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	60-67
33771554-5	2021	Adenosine receptor antagonist, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX), blocked the intracisternal ghrelin-induced improvement of intestinal hyperpermeability while dopamine, cannabinoid or opioid receptor antagonist failed to prevent it.	Adenosine	0-9	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	102-109
33771554-9	2021	Adenosine A2B specific antagonist, alloxazine blocked the ghrelin- or central vagal stimulation by 2-deoxy-d-glucose-induced improvement of intestinal hyperpermeability.	Adenosine	0-9	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	58-65
33771554-10	2021	These results suggest that activation of adenosine A2B receptors in the central nervous system is capable of improving intestinal barrier function through the vagal pathway, and the adenosine A2B receptors may mediate the ghrelin-induced improvement of leaky gut in a vagal dependent fashion.	Adenosine	41-50	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	222-229
33771554-10	2021	These results suggest that activation of adenosine A2B receptors in the central nervous system is capable of improving intestinal barrier function through the vagal pathway, and the adenosine A2B receptors may mediate the ghrelin-induced improvement of leaky gut in a vagal dependent fashion.	Adenosine	182-191	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	222-229
33973110-2	2021	Mice lacking adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) develop spontaneous OA by 16 weeks of age, a finding relevant to human OA since loss of adenosine signaling due to diminished adenosine production (NT5E deficiency) also leads to development of OA in mice and humans.	Adenosine	13-22	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	23-36
33973110-2	2021	Mice lacking adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) develop spontaneous OA by 16 weeks of age, a finding relevant to human OA since loss of adenosine signaling due to diminished adenosine production (NT5E deficiency) also leads to development of OA in mice and humans.	Adenosine	13-22	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	38-42
33973110-2	2021	Mice lacking adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) develop spontaneous OA by 16 weeks of age, a finding relevant to human OA since loss of adenosine signaling due to diminished adenosine production (NT5E deficiency) also leads to development of OA in mice and humans.	Adenosine	13-22	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	192-196
33973110-2	2021	Mice lacking adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) develop spontaneous OA by 16 weeks of age, a finding relevant to human OA since loss of adenosine signaling due to diminished adenosine production (NT5E deficiency) also leads to development of OA in mice and humans.	Adenosine	132-141	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	38-42
33973110-2	2021	Mice lacking adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) develop spontaneous OA by 16 weeks of age, a finding relevant to human OA since loss of adenosine signaling due to diminished adenosine production (NT5E deficiency) also leads to development of OA in mice and humans.	Adenosine	132-141	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	192-196
33973110-2	2021	Mice lacking adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) develop spontaneous OA by 16 weeks of age, a finding relevant to human OA since loss of adenosine signaling due to diminished adenosine production (NT5E deficiency) also leads to development of OA in mice and humans.	Adenosine	132-141	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	38-42
33973110-2	2021	Mice lacking adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) develop spontaneous OA by 16 weeks of age, a finding relevant to human OA since loss of adenosine signaling due to diminished adenosine production (NT5E deficiency) also leads to development of OA in mice and humans.	Adenosine	132-141	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	192-196
33801503-7	2021	Furthermore, activation of both Galphas-coupled human adenosine receptors, A2A (A2AAR) and A2B (A2BAR), increased the interaction between GGTase-I and Rap1B, probably representing a way to modulate prenylation and function of Rap1B.	Adenosine	54-63	RAP1B, member of RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	151-156
33801503-7	2021	Furthermore, activation of both Galphas-coupled human adenosine receptors, A2A (A2AAR) and A2B (A2BAR), increased the interaction between GGTase-I and Rap1B, probably representing a way to modulate prenylation and function of Rap1B.	Adenosine	54-63	RAP1B, member of RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	226-231
33819246-1	2021	Antagonists of the Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) receptor, P2Y12, may inhibit platelet aggregation as a result of stimulation with arachidonic acid (AA).	Adenosine	19-28	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	57-62
34936958-9	2022	The metabolomics analyses have shown that in the group with higher drip loss from muscle tissue the increase of metabolism of energy transformations taking place in muscle tissue after slaughter was observed and that differences between groups are related to 11 metabolic pathways, mainly carbohydrate metabolism (glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway) adenine and adenosine salvage, adenosine nucleotides degradation, arsenate detoxification, methylglyoxal degradation.	Adenosine	382-391	DL	Gallus gallus	67-76
34936958-9	2022	The metabolomics analyses have shown that in the group with higher drip loss from muscle tissue the increase of metabolism of energy transformations taking place in muscle tissue after slaughter was observed and that differences between groups are related to 11 metabolic pathways, mainly carbohydrate metabolism (glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway) adenine and adenosine salvage, adenosine nucleotides degradation, arsenate detoxification, methylglyoxal degradation.	Adenosine	401-410	DL	Gallus gallus	67-76
20228181-9	2010	We also found that adenosine enhanced Rac1 GTPase activity and overexpression of dominant negative Rac1 attenuated adenosine-induced increases in focal adhesion complexes.	Adenosine	115-124	Rac family small GTPase 1	Homo sapiens	99-103
20228181-10	2010	We further demonstrated that elevation of cellular adenosine by inhibition of adenosine deaminase with Pentostatin significantly enhanced endothelial basal barrier function, an effect that was also associated with enhanced Rac1 GTPase activity and with increased focal adhesion complexes and adherens junctions.	Adenosine	51-60	Rac family small GTPase 1	Homo sapiens	223-227
20085785-1	2010	Alcohol-sensitive type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1) regulates adenosine-mediated glutamate neurotransmission in the brain.	Adenosine	79-88	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	63-67
34922916-4	2022	Here, CD39 first converts ATP and adenosine diphosphate(ADP) into AMP, after which AMP is dephosphorylated into adenosine by CD73.	Adenosine	34-43	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	125-129
20548128-3	2010	Adenosine deaminase (ADA, E.C.3.5.4.4) converts adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
34274534-3	2022	ADAR2 is an enzyme that edits adenosine to inosine nucleotides in double strand RNA, and RNA editing is associated with many human diseases.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	0-5
20548128-3	2010	Adenosine deaminase (ADA, E.C.3.5.4.4) converts adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
34968527-3	2022	We demonstrated that deposition of N6-methyl adenosine (m6A) in SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the infected cells recruits heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1), an RNA binding protein which serves as a m6A reader.	Adenosine	45-54	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	110-152
34968527-3	2022	We demonstrated that deposition of N6-methyl adenosine (m6A) in SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the infected cells recruits heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1), an RNA binding protein which serves as a m6A reader.	Adenosine	45-54	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	154-161
20548128-5	2010	It has been established that in COPD patients the adenosine levels increase, which can contribute to decrease of ADA activity.	Adenosine	50-59	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	113-116
19861313-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Adenosine, a potent regulator of inflammation, is produced under stressful conditions due to degradation of ATP/ADP by the ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	12-21	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	147-151
34802248-1	2022	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Treatment with A1R/A3R (adenosine A1 and A3 receptor) agonists in rodent models of acute ischemic stroke results in significantly reduced lesion volume, indicating activation of adenosine A1R or A3R is cerebroprotective.	Adenosine	202-211	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	39-76
19861313-13	2010	CONCLUSION: Bacterial products induce the production of adenosine by up-regulation of CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	56-65	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	86-90
20169073-4	2010	Changes include an up-regulation of CD73, the major enzyme of adenosine production and down-regulation of adenosine deaminase (ADA), the major enzyme for adenosine metabolism.	Adenosine	106-115	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	127-130
19914228-8	2010	CONCLUSIONS: The regulation of ATP and adenosine levels by NTPDase and ADA activities may be important to preserve cellular integrity and to modulate the immune response in MS.	Adenosine	39-48	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	71-74
34921635-7	2021	Among the pH regulatory genes upregulated by Mgrn1 knockdown, we identified those encoding several subunits of the vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase V-ATPase (mostly Atp6v0d2) and a calcium channel of the transient receptor potential channel family, Mucolipin 3 (Mcoln3).	Adenosine	124-133	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit D2	Mus musculus	166-174
34946593-4	2021	Since selective agonists of RXFP3 are restricted to relaxin-3 and its analogs, we conducted a high-throughput screening campaign against 32,021 synthetic and natural product-derived compounds using a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) measurement-based method.	Adenosine	207-216	relaxin family peptide receptor 3	Homo sapiens	28-33
20064252-1	2010	BACKGROUND: The adenosine/uridine-rich element (ARE)-binding protein AUF1 functions to regulate the inflammatory response through the targeted degradation of cytokine and other mRNAs that contain specific AREs in their 3" noncoding region (3" NCR).	Adenosine	16-25	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D	Mus musculus	69-73
34605731-8	2021	Mechanistically, DUSP14 elevation increased the p-Adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein activated protein kinase(AMPK), inhibitor of NF-kappaB (IkappaB) expression and decreased p-p65 NF-kappaB expression, indicating that DUSP14 might restore the AMPK-IkappaB pathway to restrain NF-kappaB signaling under IL-1beta exposure.	Adenosine	50-59	dual specificity phosphatase 14	Rattus norvegicus	17-23
34605731-8	2021	Mechanistically, DUSP14 elevation increased the p-Adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein activated protein kinase(AMPK), inhibitor of NF-kappaB (IkappaB) expression and decreased p-p65 NF-kappaB expression, indicating that DUSP14 might restore the AMPK-IkappaB pathway to restrain NF-kappaB signaling under IL-1beta exposure.	Adenosine	50-59	dual specificity phosphatase 14	Rattus norvegicus	229-235
19683936-14	2009	CONCLUSION: Compared with simple cold blood cardioplegia in heart valve replacement patients, ADO pretreatment as an adjunct to 1 mmol l(-1) ADO cold blood cardioplegia may reduce cTnI, IL-6 and IL-8 release, resulting in reduced myocardial injury in ultrastructure after surgery.	Adenosine	94-97	troponin I3, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	180-184
19559780-7	2009	Taking into account the important anti-inflammatory role of adenosine, ADA may provide an efficient means for scavenging cell-surrounding adenosine and play an important part in subsequent events of neonatal HI in association with GFAP reactive gliosis.	Adenosine	60-69	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
34736066-5	2021	However, MEL increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, and p-PKA protein levels were blocked by a Mel1b-specific antagonist but not a Mel1c-specific antagonist, which indicated that Mel1b affected the secretion of GH via the AC/cAMP/PKA signalling pathway.	Adenosine	30-39	growth hormone	Gallus gallus	228-230
19906119-8	2009	Adenosine deaminase inhibition attenuated the cytoprotective effect of adenosine but not of inosine during COGD.	Adenosine	71-80	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
34783558-1	2021	Adenosine is an immunosuppressive factor in the tumor microenvironment mainly through activation of the A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR), which is a mechanism hijacked by tumors to escape immune surveillance.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	104-126
34783558-1	2021	Adenosine is an immunosuppressive factor in the tumor microenvironment mainly through activation of the A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR), which is a mechanism hijacked by tumors to escape immune surveillance.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	128-132
34884548-4	2021	Under these circumstances, an increasing level of extracellular adenosine via the activation of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) and consequent adenosine receptor signalling is a typical mechanism that tumours use to evade immune surveillance.	Adenosine	64-73	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	96-116
34884548-4	2021	Under these circumstances, an increasing level of extracellular adenosine via the activation of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) and consequent adenosine receptor signalling is a typical mechanism that tumours use to evade immune surveillance.	Adenosine	64-73	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	118-122
19728741-14	2009	Compared to malarial ADA complexes with adenosine or deoxycoformycin, 5"-methylthioribosyl groups are rotated 130 degrees .	Adenosine	40-49	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
34884548-4	2021	Under these circumstances, an increasing level of extracellular adenosine via the activation of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) and consequent adenosine receptor signalling is a typical mechanism that tumours use to evade immune surveillance.	Adenosine	139-148	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	96-116
34884548-4	2021	Under these circumstances, an increasing level of extracellular adenosine via the activation of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) and consequent adenosine receptor signalling is a typical mechanism that tumours use to evade immune surveillance.	Adenosine	139-148	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	118-122
34884548-5	2021	CD73 is responsible for the conversion of adenosine monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	42-51	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
34884548-5	2021	CD73 is responsible for the conversion of adenosine monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	69-78	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
34884548-7	2021	Hence, targetting CD73"s signalling is important for the reversal of adenosine-facilitated immune suppression.	Adenosine	69-78	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	18-22
19638569-8	2009	Adenosine effects on cell proliferation could be mediated by an early increase in E2F-1 and by that of c-Myc, despite the fact that phosphorylation of the Rb protein and expression of E2F-3 were decreased.	Adenosine	0-9	E2F transcription factor 3	Rattus norvegicus	184-189
34814800-1	2022	Cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase IA (cN-IA) plays a central role in the regulation of the purine nucleotide pool in skeletal muscle, preferentially converting adenosine monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	152-161	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA	Homo sapiens	0-28
34814800-1	2022	Cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase IA (cN-IA) plays a central role in the regulation of the purine nucleotide pool in skeletal muscle, preferentially converting adenosine monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	152-161	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA	Homo sapiens	30-35
34814800-1	2022	Cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase IA (cN-IA) plays a central role in the regulation of the purine nucleotide pool in skeletal muscle, preferentially converting adenosine monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	179-188	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA	Homo sapiens	0-28
34814800-1	2022	Cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase IA (cN-IA) plays a central role in the regulation of the purine nucleotide pool in skeletal muscle, preferentially converting adenosine monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	179-188	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA	Homo sapiens	30-35
19638569-10	2009	In conclusion, these data suggest that adenosine actions can accelerate and increase proliferation in a "primed" liver, mainly through enhancing c-Myc, E2F family, cell-cycle cyclins, and HGF expression.	Adenosine	39-48	hepatocyte growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	188-191
19805344-4	2009	Comparison of the structures of the liganded and unliganded CAP suggests that cAMP stabilizes the active DNA binding conformation of CAP through the interactions that the N(6) of the adenosine makes with the C-helices.	Adenosine	183-192	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	60-63
34869947-1	2021	Small molecule inhibition of with no lysine kinase 1 (WNK1) (WNK463) signaling activates adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling and mitigates membrane enrichment of glucose transporters 1 and 4, which decreases protein O-GlcNAcylation and glycation.	Adenosine	89-98	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	29-52
34869947-1	2021	Small molecule inhibition of with no lysine kinase 1 (WNK1) (WNK463) signaling activates adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling and mitigates membrane enrichment of glucose transporters 1 and 4, which decreases protein O-GlcNAcylation and glycation.	Adenosine	89-98	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	54-58
19805344-4	2009	Comparison of the structures of the liganded and unliganded CAP suggests that cAMP stabilizes the active DNA binding conformation of CAP through the interactions that the N(6) of the adenosine makes with the C-helices.	Adenosine	183-192	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	133-136
19302259-0	2009	Adenosine infusion attenuates soluble RAGE in endotoxin-induced inflammation in human volunteers.	Adenosine	0-9	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 914	Homo sapiens	38-42
34727932-11	2021	Exogenous C14 supplementation to cardiomyocytes led to increased lipid deposition in cardiomyocytes along with the obstacles in adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways and affecting fatty acid oxidation.	Adenosine	128-137	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	187-191
34769328-1	2021	Sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) is a member of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) protein superfamily, encoded by Abcc8, and is recognized as a key mediator of central nervous system (CNS) cellular swelling via the transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) channel.	Adenosine	50-59	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	0-23
34769328-1	2021	Sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) is a member of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) protein superfamily, encoded by Abcc8, and is recognized as a key mediator of central nervous system (CNS) cellular swelling via the transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) channel.	Adenosine	50-59	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	25-29
19707555-7	2009	These studies demonstrated dose-dependent slowing of the heart rate with adenosine treatment in wild-type, A2AAR(-/-), A2BAR(-/-), or A3AR(-/-) mice.	Adenosine	73-82	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	119-124
19584680-8	2009	The beneficial effect of adenosine was also observed for BALB/c islet allografts when alloimmune rejection was prevented by anti-CD4 antibody.	Adenosine	25-34	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	129-132
34482286-9	2021	Adenosine levels were found to be elevated upon doxorubicin treatment in vivo, which could be blocked by CD73 inhibition.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	105-109
34482286-11	2021	Furthermore, a retrospective analysis of rectal cancer patient samples demonstrated an upregulation of the adenosine pathway upon chemoradiation, providing further rationale for combining CD73 inhibition with chemotherapeutic agents.	Adenosine	107-116	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	188-192
34482286-12	2021	This study demonstrates the ability of a novel CD73 antibody to enhance T-cell function through the potent suppression of adenosine levels.	Adenosine	122-131	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	47-51
19361992-0	2009	Enhanced activity or resistance of adenosine derivatives towards adenosine deaminase-catalyzed deamination: Influence of ribose modifications.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	65-84
34630705-3	2021	The present study aimed to identify the underlying molecular mechanism of the effect of lncRNA NUTM2A-AS1 in LUAD by exploring whether lncRNA NUTM2A-AS1 could affect LUAD cell proliferation and apoptosis through the microRNA (miR)-590-5p/methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit (METTL3) axis.	Adenosine	262-271	prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens	102-105
19333129-2	2009	We evaluated the interactions between A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptors in the presence and absence of adenosine deaminase (ADA, which is used to remove endogenous adenosine) in a cardiac cell ischemia model.	Adenosine	100-109	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	121-124
34671682-1	2021	Background: We previously observed that adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) had a protective role in proximal tubular megalin loss associated with albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy (DN).	Adenosine	40-49	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	63-67
19140664-1	2009	In the present article, we report on a strategy to improve the physical properties of a series of small molecule human adenosine 2A (hA2A) antagonists.	Adenosine	119-128	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	133-137
34600475-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Activation of Adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/Sirtuin1 (AMPK/SIRT1) exerts an effect in alleviating obesity and gut damage.	Adenosine	26-35	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	88-92
19133987-5	2009	A concomitant increase in cerebrospinal fluid levels of adenosine supports their hypothesis that inhibiting XO increases adenosine levels via salvage from hypoxanthine.	Adenosine	56-65	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	108-110
34310936-3	2021	Furthermore, adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) which are richly expressed in the OB, play an important role in the regulation of REM sleep.	Adenosine	13-22	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	23-36
34310936-3	2021	Furthermore, adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) which are richly expressed in the OB, play an important role in the regulation of REM sleep.	Adenosine	13-22	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	38-42
19133987-5	2009	A concomitant increase in cerebrospinal fluid levels of adenosine supports their hypothesis that inhibiting XO increases adenosine levels via salvage from hypoxanthine.	Adenosine	121-130	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	108-110
19367912-1	2008	Density functional theory methods have been used to investigate possible mechanisms of the second half-reaction of aminoacylation catalyzed by histidyl-tRNA synthetase: transfer of the aminoacyl moiety from histidyl-adenylate to the terminal adenosine (A76) of tRNA.	Adenosine	242-251	histidyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	143-167
34265363-4	2021	Growing evidence indicates that CD39 and CD73, as novel checkpoints, can transform adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-mediated pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment into an adenosine-mediated immunosuppressive one via the purinergic signaling pathway.	Adenosine	83-92	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	41-45
34265363-4	2021	Growing evidence indicates that CD39 and CD73, as novel checkpoints, can transform adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-mediated pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment into an adenosine-mediated immunosuppressive one via the purinergic signaling pathway.	Adenosine	169-178	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	41-45
34631561-4	2021	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters have been extensively studied as multidrug resistance (MDR) mediators since they are responsible for the efflux of various anticancer drugs.	Adenosine	0-9	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group)	Homo sapiens	47-50
18635403-8	2008	Of these, ATP, adenosine, UTP, and UDP act as agonists at apical P2Y2 (ATP, UTP), P2Y6 (UDP), and A2B (adenosine) receptors on ciliated and/or goblet cells to regulate mucociliary clearance.	Adenosine	15-24	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Homo sapiens	65-69
34536482-3	2022	Adenosine, acting through the A2AR, regulates inflammation, immune response, T cell homeostasis and tissue repair.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	30-34
34536482-10	2022	Thus, the enhancement of A2AR responsiveness to the endogenous agonist adenosine through positive allosteric modulation is sufficient to enhance intrinsic homeostatic mechanisms attenuating disease progression.	Adenosine	71-80	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	25-29
18327580-7	2008	Combined PGE2 and adenosine treatment resulted in augmentation of cAMP production, PKA activity, CREB phosphorylation and inhibition of Akt phosphorylation.	Adenosine	18-27	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	97-101
18680557-7	2008	The results show that human ADA, apart from reducing the adenosine concentration and thus preventing A(1)R desensitization, binds to A(1)R behaving as an allosteric effector that markedly enhances agonist affinity and increases receptor functionality.	Adenosine	57-66	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	28-31
34477210-9	2022	While these results seemed contradictory, systemically administered E2 blocked the ability of CGS-21680 (adenosine A2A receptor agonist) microinjected into the MnPO to increase NREM sleep suggesting that E2 may block adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	217-226	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	105-127
34539333-3	2021	The adenosine level mainly depends on two enzymatic activities: 5"-nucleotidase (5"NT or CD73) that synthesizes adenosine from AMP, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) that converts adenosine into inosine.	Adenosine	112-121	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	89-93
18794722-3	2008	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible deamination of adenosine.	Adenosine	86-95	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
18794722-3	2008	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible deamination of adenosine.	Adenosine	86-95	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
34431799-6	2021	Antibodies against the cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase 1A (Anti-CN1A), an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of adenosine monophosphate into adenosine and phosphate and is abundant in skeletal muscle, has been reported to be present in IBM and could be of crucial significance in the diagnosis of the disease.	Adenosine	104-113	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA	Homo sapiens	23-51
34431799-6	2021	Antibodies against the cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase 1A (Anti-CN1A), an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of adenosine monophosphate into adenosine and phosphate and is abundant in skeletal muscle, has been reported to be present in IBM and could be of crucial significance in the diagnosis of the disease.	Adenosine	104-113	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA	Homo sapiens	58-62
18794722-4	2008	We hypothesized that the 22G>A polymorphism in the ADA gene inhibits its catalytic activity, and potentiates the protective effects of adenosine.	Adenosine	135-144	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	51-54
34431799-6	2021	Antibodies against the cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase 1A (Anti-CN1A), an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of adenosine monophosphate into adenosine and phosphate and is abundant in skeletal muscle, has been reported to be present in IBM and could be of crucial significance in the diagnosis of the disease.	Adenosine	133-142	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA	Homo sapiens	23-51
18602399-4	2008	For this reason, plasmodial ADA accepts a wider range of substrates, as it is responsible for deamination of both adenosine and 5"-methylthioadenosine.	Adenosine	114-123	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	28-31
34464670-0	2021	Bispecific antibody CD73xEpCAM selectively inhibits the adenosine-mediated immunosuppressive activity of carcinoma-derived extracellular vesicles.	Adenosine	56-65	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	20-24
34464670-2	2021	A significant part of the immunoinhibitory activity of EVs is attributable to CD73, a GPI-anchored ecto-5"-nucleotidase involved in the conversion of tumor-derived proinflammatory extracellular ATP (eATP) to immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	226-235	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	78-82
34464670-2	2021	A significant part of the immunoinhibitory activity of EVs is attributable to CD73, a GPI-anchored ecto-5"-nucleotidase involved in the conversion of tumor-derived proinflammatory extracellular ATP (eATP) to immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	226-235	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	99-119
18602399-7	2008	We now report crystal structures of Plasmodium vivax ADA in complex with adenosine, guanosine, and the picomolar inhibitor 2"-deoxycoformycin.	Adenosine	73-82	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	53-56
34464670-2	2021	A significant part of the immunoinhibitory activity of EVs is attributable to CD73, a GPI-anchored ecto-5"-nucleotidase involved in the conversion of tumor-derived proinflammatory extracellular ATP (eATP) to immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	237-240	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	78-82
18606162-7	2008	The levels of transcription factors IRF-1 and c-Fos, as well as the phosphorylation of c-Jun were also reduced in adenosine-treated C6 cells, while the activation of NF-kappaB was enhanced via increased phosphorylation of its inhibitory unit IkappaB.	Adenosine	114-123	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	46-51
34464670-2	2021	A significant part of the immunoinhibitory activity of EVs is attributable to CD73, a GPI-anchored ecto-5"-nucleotidase involved in the conversion of tumor-derived proinflammatory extracellular ATP (eATP) to immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	237-240	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	99-119
18559975-6	2008	Unlike normal myeloid DCs, adenosine-differentiated DCs have impaired allostimulatory activity and express high levels of angiogenic, pro-inflammatory, immune suppressor, and tolerogenic factors, including VEGF, IL-8, IL-6, IL-10, COX-2, TGF-beta, and IDO.	Adenosine	27-36	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	206-210
18456811-3	2008	However, several cAMP-independent CRP variants (termed CRP*) exist that can be further activated by both adenosine and cGMP, as well as by cAMP.	Adenosine	105-114	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	34-37
34571872-6	2021	Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1)/CD39 dephosphorylates ATP to ADP and to AMP, which in turn, is hydrolysed to adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	137-146	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	150-170
34571872-6	2021	Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1)/CD39 dephosphorylates ATP to ADP and to AMP, which in turn, is hydrolysed to adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	137-146	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	172-176
18456811-3	2008	However, several cAMP-independent CRP variants (termed CRP*) exist that can be further activated by both adenosine and cGMP, as well as by cAMP.	Adenosine	105-114	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	55-59
34380502-3	2021	REPAIR was developed by fusing inactivated Cas13 (dCas13) with the adenine deaminase domain of ADAR2, which efficiently performs adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing.	Adenosine	129-138	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	95-100
18456811-8	2008	The model also predicts that wild-type CRP should be activated even by the lower-affinity ligand, adenosine, which we experimentally confirmed.	Adenosine	98-107	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	39-42
34447786-5	2021	Gating of Kir channels is regulated by different ligands, like Gbetagamma, H+, Na+, adenosine nucleotides, and the signaling lipid phosphatidyl-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), which is an essential activator for all eukaryotic Kir family members.	Adenosine	84-93	killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, two Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 4	Homo sapiens	10-13
34447786-5	2021	Gating of Kir channels is regulated by different ligands, like Gbetagamma, H+, Na+, adenosine nucleotides, and the signaling lipid phosphatidyl-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), which is an essential activator for all eukaryotic Kir family members.	Adenosine	84-93	killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, two Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 4	Homo sapiens	229-232
17693933-5	2008	We found that adenosine inhibited the expression of ICAM-1 and the production of TNF-alpha by human PBMC via adenosine A2A receptor in the presence of LPS.	Adenosine	14-23	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	52-58
18001706-7	2008	In conclusion, these results indicate that the inhibitory effect of YC-1 on homotypic neutrophil aggregation is attributed to an elevation in the cAMP concentration through inhibition of the activity of PDE, which may potentiate the autocrine functions of endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	267-276	RNA binding motif single stranded interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	68-72
34381563-2	2021	The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 play strategic roles in calibrating purinergic signals via an extracellular balance between ATP and adenosine.	Adenosine	136-145	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	31-35
34350286-1	2021	Objective: Airway sensory nerves involved in the cough reflex are activated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) agonism of P2X purinoceptor 3 (P2X3) receptors.	Adenosine	79-88	purinergic receptor P2X 3	Homo sapiens	119-137
17942570-10	2008	These results suggest that the elevation of renal tissue and interstitial adenosine contributes to the renal vasoconstriction observed in the ANG II-induced hypertension and that it is mediated by a decrease in the activity and expression of ADA, increased production of adenosine, and an induced imbalance in adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	271-280	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	242-245
34360833-1	2021	CD39 is an enzyme which is responsible, together with CD73, for a cascade converting adenosine triphosphate into adenosine diphosphate and cyclic adenosine monophosphate, ultimately leading to the release of an immunosuppressive form of adenosine in the tumor microenvironment.	Adenosine	85-94	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	54-58
34360833-1	2021	CD39 is an enzyme which is responsible, together with CD73, for a cascade converting adenosine triphosphate into adenosine diphosphate and cyclic adenosine monophosphate, ultimately leading to the release of an immunosuppressive form of adenosine in the tumor microenvironment.	Adenosine	113-122	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	54-58
18302529-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Adenosine deaminase (ADA) catalyzes the irreversible hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	91-100	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	12-31
34360833-1	2021	CD39 is an enzyme which is responsible, together with CD73, for a cascade converting adenosine triphosphate into adenosine diphosphate and cyclic adenosine monophosphate, ultimately leading to the release of an immunosuppressive form of adenosine in the tumor microenvironment.	Adenosine	146-155	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	54-58
34360833-1	2021	CD39 is an enzyme which is responsible, together with CD73, for a cascade converting adenosine triphosphate into adenosine diphosphate and cyclic adenosine monophosphate, ultimately leading to the release of an immunosuppressive form of adenosine in the tumor microenvironment.	Adenosine	237-246	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	54-58
34393062-1	2022	BACKGROUND: Key regulators of antitumor immunity such as arginase-1 and the adenosine pathway may have an important role in modulating the effect of immunotherapy.	Adenosine	76-85	arginase 1	Homo sapiens	57-67
34393062-7	2022	In the adenosine pathway, the prevalence of positive staining for CD39, CD73, and A2AR was 4.9%, 2.5%, and 69.2%, in TETs and 0%, 1.7%, and 50.8%, in SCLC.	Adenosine	7-16	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	72-76
18302529-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Adenosine deaminase (ADA) catalyzes the irreversible hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	91-100	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	33-36
18789784-1	2007	Wilson"s disease is an infrequent, autosomic recessive pathology, resulting from a loss of function of an adenosine triphosphatase (ATP7B or WDNP), secondarily to a change (more than 60 are described currently), insertion or deletion of the ATP7B gene located on the chromosome 13q14.3-q21.1, which involves a reduction or an absence of the transport of copper in the bile and its accumulation in the body, notably the brain.	Adenosine	106-115	ATPase copper transporting beta	Homo sapiens	132-137
34288769-1	2021	Deficiency of human adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is an auto-inflammatory inborn error of immunity caused by biallelic deleterious mutations in the gene encoding ADA2.	Adenosine	20-29	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	162-166
17912432-1	2007	Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is an important enzyme in the salvage pathway of adenosine and methionine synthesis.	Adenosine	10-19	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	35-39
34154407-4	2021	Our data show that adenosine and remdesivir triphosphates promote the synthesis of A-less RNAs, as does ppGpp, while amino acid substitutions at the NiRAN-RdRp interface augment activation, suggesting that ligand binding to the NiRAN catalytic site modulates RdRp activity.	Adenosine	19-28	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	155-159
34154407-4	2021	Our data show that adenosine and remdesivir triphosphates promote the synthesis of A-less RNAs, as does ppGpp, while amino acid substitutions at the NiRAN-RdRp interface augment activation, suggesting that ligand binding to the NiRAN catalytic site modulates RdRp activity.	Adenosine	19-28	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	259-263
18036291-11	2007	CONCLUSION: OPCAB can cause myocardial injuries which can be reduced by adenosine preconditioning through the reduction of the release of CK-MB and cTnI.	Adenosine	72-81	troponin I3, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	148-152
34107215-3	2021	Recognizing the wake-promoting capacity of histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists in combination with the "caffeine-like effects" of A1R/A2AR antagonists, we designed A1R/A2AR/H3R MTLs, where a piperidino-/pyrrolidino(propyloxy)phenyl H3R pharmacophore was introduced with overlap into an adenosine antagonist arylindenopyrimidine core.	Adenosine	290-299	ferredoxin reductase	Rattus norvegicus	174-176
34355184-3	2021	Together with ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), NPP3 produces immunosuppressive, cancer-promoting adenosine, and has therefore been proposed as a target for cancer therapy.	Adenosine	93-102	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	14-34
17505024-1	2007	Adenosine released by cells in injurious or hypoxic environments has tissue-protecting and anti-inflammatory effects, which are also a result of modulation of macrophage functions, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production.	Adenosine	0-9	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	189-223
34355184-3	2021	Together with ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), NPP3 produces immunosuppressive, cancer-promoting adenosine, and has therefore been proposed as a target for cancer therapy.	Adenosine	93-102	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	36-40
34163324-3	2021	5-HT7R could influence phosphorylation of protein kinase A (PKA)- or extracellular signal-regulated kinase1 / 2 (ERK1 / 2)-mediated signaling pathways, which mediate sensitization of nociceptive neurons via interacting with cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).	Adenosine	231-240	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	113-121
34105294-4	2021	DDIT3 is induced during glutamine deprivation to promote glycolysis and adenosine triphosphate production via suppression of the negative glycolytic regulator TIGAR.	Adenosine	72-81	TP53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase	Homo sapiens	159-164
17505024-1	2007	Adenosine released by cells in injurious or hypoxic environments has tissue-protecting and anti-inflammatory effects, which are also a result of modulation of macrophage functions, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production.	Adenosine	0-9	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	225-229
34205965-0	2021	Downregulation of CD73/A2AR-Mediated Adenosine Signaling as a Potential Mechanism of Neuroprotective Effects of Theta-Burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Acute Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.	Adenosine	37-46	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	23-27
17505024-2	2007	As VEGF is a well-known target of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), we hypothesized that adenosine may activate HIF-1 directly.	Adenosine	91-100	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	3-7
17499224-5	2007	Ecto-ADA revealed a low affinity to adenosine (Ado) and 2"-deoxyadenosine (2"-dAdo) (K(M)=286.30+/-40.38 microM and 287.14+/-46.50 microM, respectively).	Adenosine	36-45	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	5-8
34082585-0	2021	Cyclic adenosine monophosphate regulates connective tissue growth factor expression in myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction.	Adenosine	7-16	cellular communication network factor 2	Mus musculus	41-72
34082585-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate regulation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway on connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) during myocardial fibrosis (MF) in mice after myocardial infarction (MI).	Adenosine	68-77	cellular communication network factor 2	Mus musculus	120-151
34082585-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate regulation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway on connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) during myocardial fibrosis (MF) in mice after myocardial infarction (MI).	Adenosine	68-77	cellular communication network factor 2	Mus musculus	153-157
34082585-6	2021	Cardiac function indices were better in the MI + meglumine adenosine cyclophosphate (MAC) group than in the MI group, and CTGF expression in the MI + MAC group was downregulated.	Adenosine	59-68	cellular communication network factor 2	Mus musculus	122-126
34122398-1	2021	Background: Human adenosine deaminases (ADAs) modulate the immune response: ADA1 via metabolizing adenosine, a purine metabolite that inhibits pro-inflammatory and Th1 cytokine production, and the multi-functional ADA2, by enhancing T-cell proliferation and monocyte differentiation.	Adenosine	18-27	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	76-80
34122398-1	2021	Background: Human adenosine deaminases (ADAs) modulate the immune response: ADA1 via metabolizing adenosine, a purine metabolite that inhibits pro-inflammatory and Th1 cytokine production, and the multi-functional ADA2, by enhancing T-cell proliferation and monocyte differentiation.	Adenosine	18-27	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	214-218
34122398-1	2021	Background: Human adenosine deaminases (ADAs) modulate the immune response: ADA1 via metabolizing adenosine, a purine metabolite that inhibits pro-inflammatory and Th1 cytokine production, and the multi-functional ADA2, by enhancing T-cell proliferation and monocyte differentiation.	Adenosine	98-107	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	76-80
34122398-2	2021	Newborns are relatively deficient in ADA1 resulting in elevated plasma adenosine concentrations and a Th2/anti-inflammatory bias compared to adults.	Adenosine	71-80	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
34070217-2	2021	Rhes mRNA is expressed at high levels in the dorsal striatum, with a medial-to-lateral expression gradient reflecting that of both dopamine D2 and adenosine A2A receptors.	Adenosine	147-156	RASD family member 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
34093805-1	2021	Background: Adenosine A1 Receptor (ADORA1) is an adenosine receptor particularly relevant to the immunomodulatory process of malignant tumors.	Adenosine	49-58	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	12-33
34093805-1	2021	Background: Adenosine A1 Receptor (ADORA1) is an adenosine receptor particularly relevant to the immunomodulatory process of malignant tumors.	Adenosine	49-58	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	35-41
17499224-5	2007	Ecto-ADA revealed a low affinity to adenosine (Ado) and 2"-deoxyadenosine (2"-dAdo) (K(M)=286.30+/-40.38 microM and 287.14+/-46.50 microM, respectively).	Adenosine	47-50	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	5-8
17303086-0	2007	Intracellularly transported adenosine induces apoptosis in HuH-7 human hepatoma cells by downregulating c-FLIP expression causing caspase-3/-8 activation.	Adenosine	28-37	MIR7-3 host gene	Homo sapiens	59-64
17303086-1	2007	Extracellular adenosine induced apoptosis of HuH-7 cells, a Fas-deficient human hepatoma cell line.	Adenosine	14-23	MIR7-3 host gene	Homo sapiens	45-50
34095014-8	2021	CKMT2 overexpression conferred cardioprotection against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) by increasing cell viability and mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate level, preserving mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, while phosphomutations, especially in Y368, nullified cardioprotection by significantly reducing cell viability and increasing ROS production during H/R.	Adenosine	131-140	creatine kinase, mitochondrial 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
17303086-3	2007	Adenosine activated caspase-3 and -8, but not caspase-9, in HuH-7 cells, and the activation was abolished by dipyridamole.	Adenosine	0-9	MIR7-3 host gene	Homo sapiens	60-65
17303086-5	2007	Furthermore, overexpression of c-FLIP short in HuH-7 cells inhibited adenosine-induced caspase-8 activity.	Adenosine	69-78	MIR7-3 host gene	Homo sapiens	47-52
17368195-1	2007	Adenosine receptors (AdoR) are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and mediate extracellular adenosine signaling, but the mechanism of adenosine signaling is still unclear.	Adenosine	111-120	Adenosine receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	0-19
34234890-8	2021	The molecular mechanism underlying these effects may be related to an increase in adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis induced by overexpression of MCT2.	Adenosine	82-91	solute carrier family 16 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	194-198
34585035-12	2021	Also, an imbalance in adenosinergic analgesic signaling in sensory neurons such as the downregulation of prostatic acid phosphatase and adenosine A1 receptors, which colocalized with TRPV1 as a membrane microdomain also correlated with the development of mechanical allodynia.	Adenosine	136-145	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	183-188
34567171-8	2021	In-silico characterization, suggested that Adenosine diphosphate site (A-site) and quercetin site (Q-Site) in IRE1a enzyme are both available interacting sites of a target for the investigated ligands but with different strengths of interactions.	Adenosine	43-52	endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1	Homo sapiens	110-115
34084316-10	2021	In addition, benzodiazepine receptor agonists improve pancreatic beta-cell functions through GABA dependent pathway or through modulation of pancreatic adenosine and glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1).	Adenosine	152-161	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	189-194
35569379-5	2022	The ratio of immunoreactive neurons of phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response-element-binding protein in the Vc also increased following nerve ligation and decreased with the anti-CGRP antibody.	Adenosine	61-70	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	196-200
35618039-7	2022	Importantly, blocking adenosine receptor activity with theophylline during ABT-702 administration prevented ADK degradation, preserved late cardiac ADK activity, diminished CF increase and abolished delayed cardioprotection, indicating that early adenosine receptor signaling induces late ADK degradation to elicit sustained adenosine release.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	108-111
35618039-7	2022	Importantly, blocking adenosine receptor activity with theophylline during ABT-702 administration prevented ADK degradation, preserved late cardiac ADK activity, diminished CF increase and abolished delayed cardioprotection, indicating that early adenosine receptor signaling induces late ADK degradation to elicit sustained adenosine release.	Adenosine	247-256	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	148-151
35618039-8	2022	Together, these results indicate that ABT-702 induces a distinct form of delayed cardioprotection mediated by adenosine receptor-dependent, proteasomal degradation of cardiac ADK and enhanced adenosine signaling in the late phase.	Adenosine	110-119	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	175-178
17368195-1	2007	Adenosine receptors (AdoR) are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and mediate extracellular adenosine signaling, but the mechanism of adenosine signaling is still unclear.	Adenosine	111-120	Adenosine receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	21-25
17368195-1	2007	Adenosine receptors (AdoR) are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and mediate extracellular adenosine signaling, but the mechanism of adenosine signaling is still unclear.	Adenosine	153-162	Adenosine receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	0-19
17368195-1	2007	Adenosine receptors (AdoR) are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and mediate extracellular adenosine signaling, but the mechanism of adenosine signaling is still unclear.	Adenosine	153-162	Adenosine receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	21-25
17368195-3	2007	Adenosine stimulation of Chinese hamster ovary cells carrying transiently expressed CG9753 led to a dose-dependent increase of intracellular cAMP and calcium, but untransfected controls showed no such response, showing that CG9753 encodes a functional AdoR.	Adenosine	0-9	Adenosine receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	84-90
17368195-3	2007	Adenosine stimulation of Chinese hamster ovary cells carrying transiently expressed CG9753 led to a dose-dependent increase of intracellular cAMP and calcium, but untransfected controls showed no such response, showing that CG9753 encodes a functional AdoR.	Adenosine	0-9	Adenosine receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	224-230
17368195-3	2007	Adenosine stimulation of Chinese hamster ovary cells carrying transiently expressed CG9753 led to a dose-dependent increase of intracellular cAMP and calcium, but untransfected controls showed no such response, showing that CG9753 encodes a functional AdoR.	Adenosine	0-9	Adenosine receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	252-256
17389480-0	2007	Adenosine opposes thrombin-induced inhibition of intercellular calcium wave in corneal endothelial cells.	Adenosine	0-9	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Bos taurus	18-26
17389480-3	2007	This study was conducted to examine the effects of adenosine, which is known to oppose thrombin-induced RhoA activation, thereby leading to myosin light chain dephosphorylation, on gap junctional intercellular communication and paracrine intercellular communication in cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells.	Adenosine	51-60	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Bos taurus	87-95
17389480-11	2007	Pretreatment with adenosine prevented this inhibitory effect of thrombin.	Adenosine	18-27	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Bos taurus	64-72
17389480-14	2007	Similar to the effects on Ca(2+) wave propagation, adenosine prevented the thrombin-induced reduction in the fluorescence recovery during photobleaching experiments.	Adenosine	51-60	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Bos taurus	75-83
17389480-15	2007	Furthermore, pretreatment with adenosine prevented both thrombin and TRAP-6 from blocking the uptake of Lucifer yellow in a Ca(2+)-free medium.	Adenosine	31-40	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Bos taurus	56-64
17389480-17	2007	In consistence with Lucifer yellow uptake through hemichannels, the thrombin-induced inhibition of ATP release was overcome by pretreatment with adenosine.	Adenosine	145-154	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Bos taurus	68-76
17389480-18	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Adenosine prevents thrombin-induced inhibition of hemichannel-mediated paracrine intercellular communication and of gap junctional intercellular communication.	Adenosine	13-22	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Bos taurus	32-40
17353435-9	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, pharmacological and genetic evidence demonstrate the importance of CD73-dependent adenosine generation and signaling through A2B AR for cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning and suggests 5"-nucleotidase or A2B AR agonists as therapy for myocardial ischemia.	Adenosine	111-120	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	242-248
17142283-4	2007	The 3",5"-pyrophosphate group of this compound increases its affinity and introduces structural features which seem to be unique in pyrophosphate-containing ligands bound to RNase A, such as the adoption of a syn conformation by the adenosine base at RNase subsite B(2) and the placement of the 5"-beta-phosphate of the adenylate (instead of the alpha-phosphate) at subsite P(1) where the phosphodiester bond cleavage occurs.	Adenosine	233-242	synemin	Homo sapiens	209-212
17142283-6	2007	The simulations show that the adenylate 5"-beta-phosphate binding position and the adenosine syn orientation constitute robust structural features in both complexes, stabilized by persistent interactions with specific active-site residues of subsites P(1) and B(2).	Adenosine	83-92	synemin	Homo sapiens	93-96
17310143-4	2007	In the present study, we examined the effect of adenosine on the IL-18-induced up-regulation of ICAM-1 on human monocytes and production of IL-12, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha by PBMC.	Adenosine	48-57	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	65-70
17310143-4	2007	In the present study, we examined the effect of adenosine on the IL-18-induced up-regulation of ICAM-1 on human monocytes and production of IL-12, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha by PBMC.	Adenosine	48-57	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	96-102
17310143-7	2007	KEY RESULTS: Adenosine inhibited the IL-18-induced up-regulation of ICAM-1 on human monocytes and it abolished the IL-18-enhanced production of IL-12, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha.	Adenosine	13-22	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	37-42
17310143-7	2007	KEY RESULTS: Adenosine inhibited the IL-18-induced up-regulation of ICAM-1 on human monocytes and it abolished the IL-18-enhanced production of IL-12, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha.	Adenosine	13-22	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	68-74
17310143-7	2007	KEY RESULTS: Adenosine inhibited the IL-18-induced up-regulation of ICAM-1 on human monocytes and it abolished the IL-18-enhanced production of IL-12, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha.	Adenosine	13-22	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	115-120
17310143-11	2007	CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Adenosine differentially regulates IL-18-induced adhesion molecule expression and cytokine production through several subtypes of its receptors.	Adenosine	30-39	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	65-70
17183888-0	2006	Endotoxin stimulated interleukin-10 production is enhanced by adenosine.	Adenosine	62-71	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	21-35
17183888-2	2006	The aim of this bench study was to investigate whether adenosine influences secretion of interleukin-10 (IL-O) in human whole blood culture stimulated with lipopolysaccharide.	Adenosine	55-64	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	89-103
35405741-4	2022	Adenosine has emerged as a potent immune suppressant within the TME and CD73 is the major enzyme responsible for its extracellular production.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	72-76
35405741-6	2022	To target this pathway and block the formation of adenosine, we designed a novel, selective and potent class of small-molecule inhibitors of CD73, including AB680 (quemliclustat), which is currently being tested in cancer patients.	Adenosine	50-59	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	141-145
35405741-7	2022	AB680 effectively restored T cell proliferation, cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity that were dampened by the formation of immunosuppressive adenosine by CD73.	Adenosine	142-151	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	155-159
35405741-8	2022	Furthermore, in an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction where CD73-derived adenosine had a dominant suppressive effect in the presence of PD-1 blockade, AB680 restored T cell activation and function.	Adenosine	75-84	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	62-66
17183888-7	2006	In conclusion adenosine enhances lipopolysaccharide stimulated IL-10 production in whole human blood and may contribute to the IL-10 mediated immune dysfunction in sepsis.	Adenosine	14-23	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	63-68
35635297-4	2022	In addition, LT significantly affected mitochondrial biogenesis and function and antioxidative related genes expression, and increased the protein expression of p-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and decreased the Keap1 protein levels.	Adenosine	163-172	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	219-223
17183888-7	2006	In conclusion adenosine enhances lipopolysaccharide stimulated IL-10 production in whole human blood and may contribute to the IL-10 mediated immune dysfunction in sepsis.	Adenosine	14-23	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	127-132
17082591-0	2006	T regulatory and primed uncommitted CD4 T cells express CD73, which suppresses effector CD4 T cells by converting 5"-adenosine monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	117-126	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	36-39
17082591-0	2006	T regulatory and primed uncommitted CD4 T cells express CD73, which suppresses effector CD4 T cells by converting 5"-adenosine monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	117-126	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	88-91
35598361-3	2022	Besides the low tumor mutational burden, PD-L1 expression and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T cells, upregulation of CD73/adenosine pathway also contributes to the immune-inert microenvironment of EGFR-mutant NSCLC.	Adenosine	116-125	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	111-115
16982051-10	2006	The postconditioning of adenosine and acetylcholine is relative to the adenosine A1 and muscarinic M2 receptors, respectively.	Adenosine	24-33	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A6	Rattus norvegicus	81-111
35597366-1	2022	Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous nucleoside or autacoid that affects the cardiovascular system through the activation of four G-protein coupled receptors: adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR), adenosine A2A receptor (A2AAR), adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR), and adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	159-180
35597366-1	2022	Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous nucleoside or autacoid that affects the cardiovascular system through the activation of four G-protein coupled receptors: adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR), adenosine A2A receptor (A2AAR), adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR), and adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	182-186
35597366-1	2022	Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous nucleoside or autacoid that affects the cardiovascular system through the activation of four G-protein coupled receptors: adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR), adenosine A2A receptor (A2AAR), adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR), and adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	202-211
35597366-1	2022	Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous nucleoside or autacoid that affects the cardiovascular system through the activation of four G-protein coupled receptors: adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR), adenosine A2A receptor (A2AAR), adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR), and adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	213-218
35579414-8	2022	CONCLUSION: These results highlight the potential of RIP for obesity interventions and suggest that RIP inhibited adipocyte differentiation and lipid synthesis by activating adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway and down-regulating the expression of major adipogenic transcription factors, PPARgamma, C/EBPalpha, etc.	Adenosine	174-183	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	336-345
35579414-8	2022	CONCLUSION: These results highlight the potential of RIP for obesity interventions and suggest that RIP inhibited adipocyte differentiation and lipid synthesis by activating adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway and down-regulating the expression of major adipogenic transcription factors, PPARgamma, C/EBPalpha, etc.	Adenosine	174-183	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha	Mus musculus	347-357
16778150-5	2006	5"-(N-ethylcarboxamido)-adenosine (NECA), a stable analog of adenosine, increased the release of IL-19 by 4.6- +/- 1.1-fold.	Adenosine	24-33	interleukin 19	Homo sapiens	97-102
35514261-1	2022	Platelet activation by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is mediated through two G-protein-coupled receptors, P2Y1 and P2Y12, which signal through Gq and Gi, respectively.	Adenosine	23-32	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	113-118
16917093-14	2006	In conclusion, we show here that adenosine inhibits MMP-9 secretion by neutrophils.	Adenosine	33-42	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	52-57
35573239-0	2022	CD73-Positive Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote the Proliferation and Migration of Pediatric Urethral Smooth Muscle Cells Through Adenosine Pathway.	Adenosine	184-193	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
35573239-8	2022	In summary, UCMSC-sEV promoted proliferation and migration of PUSMCs in vitro by activating CD73/adenosine signaling axis and downstream PI3K/AKT pathway.	Adenosine	97-106	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	92-96
16616909-9	2006	CONCLUSIONS: Increased plasma adenosine may be involved in regulating the Th1/Th2 balance in hyperemesis gravidarum.	Adenosine	30-39	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	74-77
35510041-4	2022	The hypoxia-adenosine pathway, in which CD73 encoded by the NT5E gene is a key enzyme for adenosine production, has been identified as an immune checkpoint of great potential.	Adenosine	12-21	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	40-44
35510041-4	2022	The hypoxia-adenosine pathway, in which CD73 encoded by the NT5E gene is a key enzyme for adenosine production, has been identified as an immune checkpoint of great potential.	Adenosine	12-21	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	60-64
35510041-4	2022	The hypoxia-adenosine pathway, in which CD73 encoded by the NT5E gene is a key enzyme for adenosine production, has been identified as an immune checkpoint of great potential.	Adenosine	90-99	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	40-44
35510041-4	2022	The hypoxia-adenosine pathway, in which CD73 encoded by the NT5E gene is a key enzyme for adenosine production, has been identified as an immune checkpoint of great potential.	Adenosine	90-99	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	60-64
16841096-9	2006	Thus in chronic lung diseases associated with increased adenosine, antagonism of A2BAR-mediated responses may prove to be a beneficial therapy.	Adenosine	56-65	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	81-86
16522819-3	2006	Our studies using adenosine receptor subtype-specific agonists revealed that pretreatment with adenosine compounds suppressed RANTES-induced chemotaxis and Ca2+ flux through activation of A2a adenosine receptor.	Adenosine	18-27	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Homo sapiens	126-132
35529868-0	2022	Lentiviral Mediated ADA2 Gene Transfer Corrects the Defects Associated With Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase Type 2.	Adenosine	90-99	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	20-24
35529868-1	2022	Deficiency of adenosine deaminase type 2 (DADA2) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by bi-allelic loss-of-function mutations in ADA2.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	134-138
16369729-8	2006	The activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase increased 2-fold in diabetic cells resulting in a rise of the activity ratio of ecto-5"-nucleotidase/adenosine deaminase from 28 to 56.These results indicate that in rat cardiomyocytes diabetes alters activities of adenosine metabolizing enzymes in such a way that conversion of AMP to IMP is favored in the cytosolic compartment, whereas the capability to produce adenosine extracellularly is increased.	Adenosine	252-261	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	138-157
17175968-2	2006	In order to improve diagnostic value of ADA it is recommended to estimate activity of both ADA1 and ADA2 izoenzymes or 2"-deoxyadenosine/adenosine activity ratio.	Adenosine	127-136	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	40-43
35396348-6	2022	The pharmacological and reverse genetic approaches identified beta1-adrenergic receptor (AR)-mediated exchange proteins directly activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (EPAC)-SHIP1 signal activation by ablation of phosphatidylinositol triphosphate, regulating phagocytic cup formation.	Adenosine	149-158	ferredoxin reductase	Mus musculus	89-91
17175968-5	2006	ADA either with adenosine or 2"-deoxyadenosine was determined by colorimetric method of Giusti.	Adenosine	16-25	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-3
17175968-7	2006	The ADA level reached the diagnostic cut-off set for tuberculous effusions (40 U/L) in every 11 tuberculous exudates with the mean value of 85,3+/-47,1 U/L; in 9 of these the 2"-deoxyadenosine/adenosine ratio was less than 0,45.	Adenosine	183-192	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	4-7
17175968-10	2006	We concluded that ADA measured by the Giusti method proceeded by the dilution 1:8 of the pleural effusion samples very good differentiates tuberculous from malignant pleurisy, without the necessity to determine the 2"-deoxyadenosine/adenosine ratio.	Adenosine	223-232	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	18-21
35444646-7	2022	CD73, both a soluble and a membrane-bound form, display immunosuppressive effects through producing adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	100-109	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
16256072-1	2005	Logistic regression and artificial neural networks have been developed as two non-linear models to establish quantitative structure-activity relationships between structural descriptors and biochemical activity of adenosine based competitive inhibitors, toward adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	214-223	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	261-280
35444646-7	2022	CD73, both a soluble and a membrane-bound form, display immunosuppressive effects through producing adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	111-114	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
35217359-3	2022	Adenosine is a potent immune-modulating molecule and overexpression of CD73 on tumor leads to the high concentration of adenosine.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	71-75
35217359-3	2022	Adenosine is a potent immune-modulating molecule and overexpression of CD73 on tumor leads to the high concentration of adenosine.	Adenosine	120-129	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	71-75
16339566-10	2005	Also, the selective A2B antagonist, alloxazine, prevented the effect of adenosine.	Adenosine	72-81	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	20-23
35217359-4	2022	Blockade of the key adenosine-generating enzyme CD73 can be a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy.	Adenosine	20-29	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	48-52
35078640-3	2022	The ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73, also expressed by CD4 T lymphocytes, are involved in the hydrolysis of pro-inflammatory extracellular ATP and generation of immunosuppressive adenosine and seem to be modulated in some arthritogenic pathologies.	Adenosine	173-182	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	25-29
35078640-8	2022	Finally, reduced levels of the ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73 expression was found during the chronic phase suggesting a possible modulation of extracellular ATP and adenosine by CD4+ T cells that may be involved in the persistence of arthritogenic symptoms.	Adenosine	161-170	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	52-56
16212003-4	2005	It is caused by the loss of function of an adenosine triphosphatase (ATP 7B), which is due to a mutation in the ATP 7B gene on chromosome 13.	Adenosine	43-52	ATPase copper transporting beta	Homo sapiens	69-75
35365585-1	2022	BACKGROUND: Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1/L2 (programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1/ligand 2) pathway combined with other immunosuppressive signalings, such as CD73/A2aR (A2a adenosine receptor) adenosine signaling, has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment.	Adenosine	215-224	programmed cell death 1	Sus scrofa	41-112
35365585-1	2022	BACKGROUND: Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1/L2 (programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1/ligand 2) pathway combined with other immunosuppressive signalings, such as CD73/A2aR (A2a adenosine receptor) adenosine signaling, has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment.	Adenosine	215-224	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	180-184
35348986-0	2022	Chemical biology-based approaches to study adenosine A2A - dopamine D2 receptor heteromers.	Adenosine	43-52	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	59-79
35408582-0	2022	Anti-Hair Loss Effect of Adenosine Is Exerted by cAMP Mediated Wnt/beta-Catenin Pathway Stimulation via Modulation of Gsk3beta Activity in Cultured Human Dermal Papilla Cells.	Adenosine	25-34	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	118-126
35433336-3	2022	Physical exercise-activated adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling induces endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), increases NO bio-availability, and inhibits palmitoylation, leading to specific and immediate SARS-CoV-2 protection.	Adenosine	28-37	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	84-88
35327609-2	2022	Presently, researchers are developing approaches in immune therapy that target inhibition of adenosine or its signaling such as CD39 or CD73 inhibiting antibodies or adenosine A2A receptor antagonists.	Adenosine	93-102	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	136-140
35253629-8	2022	These findings indicate that therapeutic targeting of the USP2-E2F4 axis inhibits autophagic machinery essential for zinc homeostasis in cancer progression.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ANOVA: analysis of variance; ATG2A: autophagy related 2A; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; BECN1: beclin 1; BiFC: bimolecular fluorescence complementation; CCND1: cyclin D1; CDK: cyclin dependent kinase; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; CHX: cycloheximide; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; DAPI: 4",6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; E2F4: E2F transcription factor 4; eATP: extracellular adenosine triphosphate; EBSS: Earle"s balanced salt solution; FP: first progression; FRET: fluorescence resonance energy transfer; FUCCI: fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GST: glutathione S-transferase; HA: hemagglutinin; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MDM2: MDM2 proto-oncogene; MKI67/Ki-67: marker of proliferation Ki-67; MT: metallothionein; MT1E: metallothionein 1E; MT1M: metallothionein 1M; MT1X: metallothionein 1X; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethyltriazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide; OS: overall survival; PECAM1/CD31: platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1; PIK3C3: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; qPCR: quantitative PCR; RFP: red fluorescent protein; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; UBXN1: UBX domain protein 1; Ub: ubiquitin; ULK2: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 2; USP14: ubiquitin specific peptidase 14; USP2: ubiquitin specific peptidase 2; USP5: ubiquitin specific peptidase 5; USP7: ubiquitin specific peptidase 7; ZnCl2: zinc chloride.	Adenosine	600-609	E2F transcription factor 4	Homo sapiens	63-67
35269514-3	2022	In this study, KRGE promoted astrocytic mitochondrial functions, assessed with oxygen consumption and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, which could be regulated by the translocase of the outer membrane of mitochondria 20 (Tom20) pathway with a PGC-1alpha-independent pathway.	Adenosine	102-111	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	251-261
35042768-0	2022	Dopamine release in nucleus accumbens is under tonic inhibition by adenosine A1 receptors regulated by astrocytic ENT1 and dysregulated by ethanol.	Adenosine	67-76	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	114-118
35042768-2	2022	A1Rs on other striatal neurons are activated by an adenosine tone that is limited by equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) that is enriched on astrocytes and is ethanol-sensitive.	Adenosine	51-60	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	85-123
35042768-2	2022	A1Rs on other striatal neurons are activated by an adenosine tone that is limited by equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) that is enriched on astrocytes and is ethanol-sensitive.	Adenosine	51-60	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	125-129
35042768-7	2022	By imaging the genetically encoded fluorescent adenosine sensor GRAB-Ado, we identified a striatal extracellular adenosine tone that was elevated by the ENT1 inhibitor and sensitive to gliotoxin fluorocitrate.	Adenosine	47-56	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	153-157
35042768-7	2022	By imaging the genetically encoded fluorescent adenosine sensor GRAB-Ado, we identified a striatal extracellular adenosine tone that was elevated by the ENT1 inhibitor and sensitive to gliotoxin fluorocitrate.	Adenosine	113-122	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	153-157
35042768-8	2022	Finally, we identified that ethanol (50 mM) promoted A1R-mediated inhibition of dopamine release, through diminishing adenosine uptake via ENT1.	Adenosine	118-127	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	139-143
35042768-9	2022	Together, these data reveal that dopamine output dynamics are gated by a striatal adenosine tone, limiting amplitude but promoting contrast, regulated by ENT1, and promoted by ethanol.	Adenosine	82-91	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	154-158
35042768-12	2022	We reveal that the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) on astrocytes limits this tonic inhibition, and that ethanol promotes it by diminishing adenosine uptake via ENT1.	Adenosine	153-162	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	19-57
35042768-12	2022	We reveal that the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) on astrocytes limits this tonic inhibition, and that ethanol promotes it by diminishing adenosine uptake via ENT1.	Adenosine	153-162	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	59-63
35042768-12	2022	We reveal that the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) on astrocytes limits this tonic inhibition, and that ethanol promotes it by diminishing adenosine uptake via ENT1.	Adenosine	153-162	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	174-178
35416841-12	2022	CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that electroacupuncture at Zusanli can produce analgesia in chronic constriction injury rat models, possibly via the increased ecto-5"-nucleotidase expression induced through electroacupuncture, thus leading to increased adenosine expression in the spinal cord.	Adenosine	254-263	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	160-180
35124003-4	2022	Here we investigated adenosine deamination to inosine (A-to-I RNA editing) in the miR-379-410 cluster by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes as a possible mechanism modulating the expression and activity of these miRNAs in a brain-specific manner.	Adenosine	21-30	microRNA 379	Homo sapiens	82-89
35199627-1	2022	Extracellular adenosine is produced from ATP by CD39 and CD73, and can modulate tumor development by acting on cancer cells or immune cells.	Adenosine	14-23	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	57-61
35145312-2	2022	In this study, we engineered circular ADAR-recruiting guide RNAs (cadRNAs) to enable more efficient programmable adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing without requiring co-delivery of any exogenous proteins.	Adenosine	113-122	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	38-42
35143739-2	2022	Adenosine Mono Phosphate-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) is a key regulatory enzyme in lipids metabolism and a potential target for diabetes and obesity treatment.	Adenosine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	51-55
35064115-0	2022	Adenosine receptor 2a agonists target mouse CD11c+T-bet+ B cells in infection and autoimmunity.	Adenosine	0-9	integrin subunit alpha X	Homo sapiens	44-49
35013152-8	2022	Furthermore, we determined the expressions of the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and the effect of MET on this pathway in LECs during the ageing process of ARC.	Adenosine	50-59	activity regulated cytoskeleton associated protein	Homo sapiens	195-198
35135451-3	2022	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) is an analog of adenosine monophosphate and is a direct activator of AMPK.	Adenosine	64-73	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	117-121
16212003-4	2005	It is caused by the loss of function of an adenosine triphosphatase (ATP 7B), which is due to a mutation in the ATP 7B gene on chromosome 13.	Adenosine	43-52	ATPase copper transporting beta	Homo sapiens	112-118
16187920-8	2005	On functional characterization in COS-7 cells, the novel Ile568Val TSHR mutation conferred constitutive activation of the cAMP pathway (2- to 3-fold increase of basal cyclic adenosine monophosphate [cAMP]), but not of the inositol phosphate cascade.	Adenosine	174-183	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	67-71
16080912-8	2005	When cells were pretreated with adenosine (100 microM; A2B agonist) or forskolin (10 microM), thrombin-induced phosphorylation was suppressed.	Adenosine	32-41	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Bos taurus	94-102
16024724-9	2005	The absence of methionine and the presence of adenosine in the cell culture medium, which lead to a low intracellular AdoMet/S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio, are associated with faster electrophoretic mobility of MTHFR, presumably because of less or no phosphorylation.	Adenosine	46-55	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	210-215
15964513-5	2005	Extracellular ATP protected against ozone toxicity in a P2Y receptor-dependent manner as (1) removal of ATP and adenosine by apyrase and adenosine deaminase, respectively, potentiated ozone toxicity, (2) extracellular supplementation with ATP, a poorly hydrolyzable ATP analog ATPgammaS, or UTP inhibited apoptotic and necrotic ozone-mediated cell death, and (3) ATP-mediated protection was eliminated by P2 and P2Y receptor inhibitors suramin and Cibacron blue (reactive blue 2), respectively.	Adenosine	112-121	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	137-156
15972692-7	2005	Our data confirms that adenosine, and its stable analog 5"-N-ethylcarboxamideadenosine, can mimic the differential effects of MTX on NURR1 transcription.	Adenosine	23-32	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens	133-138
15972692-10	2005	In summary, these findings establish the nuclear orphan receptor NURR1 as a molecular target of MTX action in human inflammatory joint disease and demonstrate that the immunomodulatory actions of MTX on NURR1 expression are mediated through adenosine release.	Adenosine	241-250	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens	65-70
15972692-10	2005	In summary, these findings establish the nuclear orphan receptor NURR1 as a molecular target of MTX action in human inflammatory joint disease and demonstrate that the immunomodulatory actions of MTX on NURR1 expression are mediated through adenosine release.	Adenosine	241-250	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens	203-208
15613271-2	2005	It has been demonstrated that ATP (acting as a neurotransmitter) is hydrolyzed to adenosine in the synaptic cleft by the conjugated action of ectonucleotidases, which include an enzyme of the E-NTPDase family (NTPDase3, apyrase, EC 3.6.1.5) and a 5"-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5).	Adenosine	82-91	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 3	Rattus norvegicus	210-218
15662124-1	2005	Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) plays an important role in the salvage pathway for the synthesis of adenosine.	Adenosine	10-19	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	35-39
2677316-2	1989	Adenosine is a potent inhibitor of renin release.	Adenosine	0-9	renin	Rattus norvegicus	35-40
2677316-3	1989	It has therefore been suggested that endogenous adenosine may play a role in the regulation of renin release.	Adenosine	48-57	renin	Rattus norvegicus	95-100
2677316-5	1989	Evidence to support a modulatory role of adenosine on renin release in vivo is, however, limited.	Adenosine	41-50	renin	Rattus norvegicus	54-59
2677316-11	1989	These results suggest that furosemide-induced renin release in vivo is restrained by endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	96-105	renin	Rattus norvegicus	46-51
15708476-5	2005	Adenosine deaminase prevented hypoxia-induced neurite outgrowth indicating that the effect is mediated by adenosine.	Adenosine	106-115	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
2550263-5	1989	The same was true for the decrease in [3H]cyclic AMP accumulation that is produced by the adenosine analogue R-N6-phenylisopropyl adenosine (R-PIA) in forskolin-treated hippocampal slices.	Adenosine	90-99	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Rattus norvegicus	109-146
15256361-7	2004	Furthermore, in cells stimulated with apical or basolateral adenosine, we demonstrate a complex consisting of VAMP-2, soluble NEM-sensitive factor attachment protein (SNAP)-23, and A2b receptor that is coimmunoprecipitated in cells stimulated with adenosine within 5 min and is no longer detected within 15 min.	Adenosine	60-69	synaptosome associated protein 23	Homo sapiens	118-175
2539728-4	1989	Inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase with 100 microM alpha, beta-methyleneadenosine 5"-diphosphate (AOPCP) reduced plasma adenosine to 22 +/- 6 nM.	Adenosine	72-81	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	14-34
15256361-7	2004	Furthermore, in cells stimulated with apical or basolateral adenosine, we demonstrate a complex consisting of VAMP-2, soluble NEM-sensitive factor attachment protein (SNAP)-23, and A2b receptor that is coimmunoprecipitated in cells stimulated with adenosine within 5 min and is no longer detected within 15 min.	Adenosine	248-257	synaptosome associated protein 23	Homo sapiens	118-175
15155771-1	2004	Adenosine has been shown to inhibit immunoreactive gastrin (IRG) release and to stimulate somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) release by activating adenosine A(1) and A(2A) receptors, respectively.	Adenosine	0-9	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	51-58
15282267-3	2004	Two GPCR ligands, adenosine and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), can activate Trk receptor activity to increase the survival of neural cells through stimulation of Akt activity.	Adenosine	18-27	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
15282267-4	2004	To investigate the mechanism of Trk receptor transactivation, we have examined the localization of Trk receptors in PC12 cells and primary neurons after treatment with adenosine agonists and PACAP.	Adenosine	168-177	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
15147968-4	2004	A 30 nt adenosine-uridine-rich element ("GLUT1 AURE") inhibited luciferase activity in HEK-293 cells.	Adenosine	8-17	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	41-46
15095371-5	2004	Here we show that stimulation of cultured murine astrocytes with the selective adenosine A3 receptor agonist 2-chloro-N6-(3-iodobenzyl)-N-methyl-5"-carbamoyladenosine (CL-IB-MECA) induced the release of CCL2.	Adenosine	79-88	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	203-207
15095371-8	2004	These results show that stimulation of adenosine A3 receptors in astrocytes induced the release of CCL2, thus supporting the assumption that adenosine receptors in glial cells regulate the synthesis of neuroprotective substances.	Adenosine	39-48	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	99-103
15095371-8	2004	These results show that stimulation of adenosine A3 receptors in astrocytes induced the release of CCL2, thus supporting the assumption that adenosine receptors in glial cells regulate the synthesis of neuroprotective substances.	Adenosine	141-150	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	99-103
14985075-8	2004	Hypoxia (8-20 h) down-regulates mENT1-dependent adenosine uptake, NBTI-binding and PKC but not PKCdelta in HL-1 cells.	Adenosine	48-57	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	32-37
14985075-9	2004	Abrogation of PKC activity using chronic phorbol ester or a dominant negative PKC mimicked the effect of hypoxia on adenosine uptake suggesting that PKC is involved in regulation of mENT1.	Adenosine	116-125	protein kinase C, delta	Mus musculus	14-17
14985075-9	2004	Abrogation of PKC activity using chronic phorbol ester or a dominant negative PKC mimicked the effect of hypoxia on adenosine uptake suggesting that PKC is involved in regulation of mENT1.	Adenosine	116-125	protein kinase C, delta	Mus musculus	78-81
14985075-9	2004	Abrogation of PKC activity using chronic phorbol ester or a dominant negative PKC mimicked the effect of hypoxia on adenosine uptake suggesting that PKC is involved in regulation of mENT1.	Adenosine	116-125	protein kinase C, delta	Mus musculus	78-81
14985075-9	2004	Abrogation of PKC activity using chronic phorbol ester or a dominant negative PKC mimicked the effect of hypoxia on adenosine uptake suggesting that PKC is involved in regulation of mENT1.	Adenosine	116-125	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	182-187
14985075-12	2004	Cardiomyocytes may regulate mENT1 (via PKC) to modulate release and/or uptake of adenosine.	Adenosine	81-90	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	28-33
14985075-12	2004	Cardiomyocytes may regulate mENT1 (via PKC) to modulate release and/or uptake of adenosine.	Adenosine	81-90	protein kinase C, delta	Mus musculus	39-42
14694149-1	2004	Purinergic receptors are a family of ubiquitous transmembrane receptors comprising two classes, P1 and P2 receptors, which are activated by adenosine and extracellular nucleotides (i.e. ATP, ADP, UTP and UDP), respectively.	Adenosine	140-149	crystallin gamma F, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	96-115
14983235-1	2004	CD39 (ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1; E-NTPDase-1), is highly expressed on quiescent vascular endothelial cells and efficiently hydrolyzes extracellular ATP and ADP to AMP and ultimately adenosine.	Adenosine	206-215	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	0-4
14983235-1	2004	CD39 (ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1; E-NTPDase-1), is highly expressed on quiescent vascular endothelial cells and efficiently hydrolyzes extracellular ATP and ADP to AMP and ultimately adenosine.	Adenosine	206-215	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	6-55
14505676-2	2003	The SAR profiles of a panel of adenosine-anchored bicyclic heterocycles against HER-2 and HER-4 indicated that specificity can be derived for highly homologous protein kinases from stereospecific recognition in the triphosphate-subsite.	Adenosine	31-40	sarcosine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	4-7
14555239-1	2003	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) catalyzes the conversion of adenosine and deoxyadenosine to inosine and deoxyinosine, respectively.	Adenosine	54-63	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
14570405-2	2003	To decrease extracellular adenosine levels, adenosine deaminase (ADA) that converts adenosine into an inactive metabolite was used.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	44-63
14570405-2	2003	To decrease extracellular adenosine levels, adenosine deaminase (ADA) that converts adenosine into an inactive metabolite was used.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
14570405-2	2003	To decrease extracellular adenosine levels, adenosine deaminase (ADA) that converts adenosine into an inactive metabolite was used.	Adenosine	44-53	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
12875990-2	2003	Here, we demonstrate that TLR2, TLR7, and TLR9, but not TLR3 and TLR5 agonists, also synergize with A(2A)R agonists and adenosine to up-regulate VEGF, while simultaneously strongly down-regulating TNFalpha expression.	Adenosine	120-129	toll-like receptor 7	Mus musculus	32-36
12875990-2	2003	Here, we demonstrate that TLR2, TLR7, and TLR9, but not TLR3 and TLR5 agonists, also synergize with A(2A)R agonists and adenosine to up-regulate VEGF, while simultaneously strongly down-regulating TNFalpha expression.	Adenosine	120-129	toll-like receptor 9	Mus musculus	42-46
12875990-2	2003	Here, we demonstrate that TLR2, TLR7, and TLR9, but not TLR3 and TLR5 agonists, also synergize with A(2A)R agonists and adenosine to up-regulate VEGF, while simultaneously strongly down-regulating TNFalpha expression.	Adenosine	120-129	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	145-149
12875990-4	2003	In the presence of adenosine or A(2A)R agonists, but not A(1)R agonists, TLR2, 4, 7, and 9 agonists strongly up-regulate VEGF expression, while simultaneously down-regulating TNFalpha.	Adenosine	19-28	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	121-125
12875990-6	2003	With adenosine or A(2A)R agonists, TLR2, 7, and 9, but not TLR4 agonists, also synergistically up-regulate VEGF, while down-regulating TNFalpha expression.	Adenosine	5-14	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	107-111
12446452-4	2003	Adenosine also increased LPS-induced CD54, CD80, MHC class I, and HLA-DR molecule expression in mDCs.	Adenosine	0-9	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
12446452-5	2003	In addition, adenosine dose-dependently inhibited tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-12 (IL-12) release, whereas it enhanced the secretion of IL-10 from mDCs.	Adenosine	13-22	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	151-156
12446452-9	2003	Finally, adenosine augmented the release of the chemokine CCL17 and inhibited CXCL10 production by mDCs.	Adenosine	9-18	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10	Homo sapiens	78-84
12664268-8	2003	The calculated k(cat)/ K(m) values for 5"-methylthioadenosine and adenosine, about 20-fold higher than for inosine and guanosine, indicate that 6-amino purine nucleosides are preferred substrates of MTAP from P. furiosus.	Adenosine	52-61	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	199-203
12522156-0	2003	Activity-dependent release of adenosine contributes to short-term depression at CA3-CA1 synapses in rat hippocampus.	Adenosine	30-39	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	80-87
2702488-0	1989	The adenosine agonist N6-R-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) stimulates feeding in rats.	Adenosine	4-13	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Rattus norvegicus	22-58
2702488-2	1989	In the present study, we found that the adenosine ligand, N6-R-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA), increased food intake in rats at a time in the day when rats normally eat very little food or none at all.	Adenosine	40-49	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Rattus norvegicus	58-94
12669819-9	2003	The cells cultured for 1 or 24 h in a medium containing adenosine at concentrations of 10(-6) and 10(-4) M showed significant reduction in 3H-choline incorporation compared to control cultures, whereas endothelin-1, at a concentration of 10 and 100 nM, caused stimulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis.	Adenosine	56-65	endothelin 1	Bos taurus	202-214
12831851-2	2003	Subarachnoid administration of adenosine (AD) or AD agonists promotes sleep and induces expression of Fos protein in VLPO neurons.	Adenosine	31-40	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
2492344-7	1989	Exposure of dorsal, but not ventral, spinal cord synaptosomes to capsaicin produced a dose- and Ca++-dependent release of adenosine, which was reduced by capsaicin pretreatment (neonatal and adult) and inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	122-131	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	216-236
2748557-3	1989	The levels of adenosine were judged indirectly by the activity of 5-nucleotidase, adenosine desaminase and AMP.	Adenosine	14-23	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Canis lupus familiaris	66-80
12831851-2	2003	Subarachnoid administration of adenosine (AD) or AD agonists promotes sleep and induces expression of Fos protein in VLPO neurons.	Adenosine	42-44	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
12492427-8	2002	We previously established that adenosine-induced stellation of pituicytes occurs via RhoA inhibition.	Adenosine	31-40	ras homolog family member A	Rattus norvegicus	85-89
12367777-1	2002	BACKGROUND: Adenosine deaminase (AD) and xanthine oxidase (XO) are enzymes of purine catabolism that catalyze the conversion of adenosine to inosine, deoxyadenosine to deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid, respectively.	Adenosine	128-137	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	12-31
12367777-1	2002	BACKGROUND: Adenosine deaminase (AD) and xanthine oxidase (XO) are enzymes of purine catabolism that catalyze the conversion of adenosine to inosine, deoxyadenosine to deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid, respectively.	Adenosine	128-137	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	33-35
12187106-6	2002	Increased expression of mesangial cell ecto-ATPase and ecto-5"-nucleotidase after spermine and spermidine treatment could result in an increased production of adenosine, a powerful autacoid interesting with respect to a role of mesangial cells in inflammatory processes.	Adenosine	159-168	CEA cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-50
12593532-1	2002	Influence of diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC) on the activity of ecto-ATPase (plasma membrane-bound enzyme participating in a cascade of reactions leading to the formation of adenosine--a modulator of inflammation) was examined on the lymphocytes isolated from the spleen of rats with inflammation.	Adenosine	171-180	CEA cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-72
12162957-7	2002	Competition experiments using variants of BC1 and BC200 RNAs demonstrated that the central adenosine-rich region of both RNAs mediates binding to PABP.	Adenosine	91-100	brain cytoplasmic RNA 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
12597016-7	2002	L-dopa plus carbidopa or OR-486 (a potent centrally acting COMT inhibitor) completely reversed adenosine-induced catatonia.	Adenosine	95-104	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Mus musculus	59-63
11909821-0	2002	Inhibition of nitrobenzylthioinosine-sensitive adenosine transport by elevated D-glucose involves activation of P2Y2 purinoceptors in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.	Adenosine	47-56	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Homo sapiens	112-116
11909821-6	2002	Our findings demonstrate that inhibition of adenosine transport via hENT1 in endothelial cells cultured in 25 mmol/L D-glucose could be due to stimulation of P2Y2 purinoceptors by ATP, which is released from these cells in response to D-glucose.	Adenosine	44-53	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Homo sapiens	158-162
11815366-7	2002	The adenosine-induced GIRK currents were abolished by injection of pertussis toxin and CPA inhibited forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation.	Adenosine	4-13	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 3 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	22-26
11763167-6	2001	In cancer cells that lack methyladenosine phosphorylase (MTAP, required in the salvage pathway), alanosine should deprive such cells (but not normal cells) of de novo synthesized adenosine [277968].	Adenosine	32-41	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	57-61
11564822-3	2001	We found that, consistent with previous reports, adenosine and 2-[p-(2-carnonylethyl)phenylethylamino]-5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS-21680), a selective A(2A) receptor agonist, suppress IL-12 production but increase IL-10 production in LPS-activated THP-1 cells.	Adenosine	49-58	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	222-227
11564822-6	2001	Similarly, IL-1 and TNF-alpha treatment potentiated the stimulatory effect of adenosine and CGS-21680 on IL-10 production, whereas IFN-gamma treatment almost completely abolished this effect.	Adenosine	78-87	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	105-110
11592813-6	2001	The receptors that transduce adenosine action include A1, A2a, A2b, and A3 adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	29-38	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	58-61
11441041-7	2001	We propose that ADA activity in A. aegypti may help blood feeding by removing adenosine, a molecule associated with both the initiation of pain perception and the induction of mast cell degranulation in vertebrates, and by producing inosine, a molecule that potently inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines.	Adenosine	78-87	adenosine deaminase-like protein	Culex quinquefasciatus	16-19
11357058-1	2001	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) regulates cellular levels of adenosine and deoxyadenosine, and 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) induces ADA mRNA in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
11357058-1	2001	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) regulates cellular levels of adenosine and deoxyadenosine, and 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) induces ADA mRNA in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
11299275-0	2001	Evidence that the renin decrease during hypoxia is adenosine mediated in conscious dogs.	Adenosine	51-60	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	18-23
11299275-1	2001	This study investigated whether adenosine mediates the decrease in plasma renin activity (PRA) during acute hypoxia.	Adenosine	32-41	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	74-79
11248211-0	2001	Adenosine and adenosine triphosphate modulate the substrate binding affinity of glucose transporter GLUT1 in vitro.	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	100-105
11248211-3	2001	In an effort to identify this putative GLUT1 inhibitor molecule, we studied here the effects of adenosine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on the binding of D-glucose to GLUT1 by assessing their abilities to displace cytochalasin B (CB), using purified GLUT1 in vesicles.	Adenosine	96-105	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	39-44
2462385-2	1988	Structurally modified congeners of adenosine including 5"-N-ethylcarboxamideadenosine (NECA) and R-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) also potentiated mediator release.	Adenosine	35-44	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Homo sapiens	97-130
11248211-3	2001	In an effort to identify this putative GLUT1 inhibitor molecule, we studied here the effects of adenosine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on the binding of D-glucose to GLUT1 by assessing their abilities to displace cytochalasin B (CB), using purified GLUT1 in vesicles.	Adenosine	96-105	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	170-175
11248211-3	2001	In an effort to identify this putative GLUT1 inhibitor molecule, we studied here the effects of adenosine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on the binding of D-glucose to GLUT1 by assessing their abilities to displace cytochalasin B (CB), using purified GLUT1 in vesicles.	Adenosine	96-105	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	170-175
11248211-8	2001	They also suggest that adenosine and ATP may regulate GLUT1 intrinsic activity in certain cells where adenosine reduces the substrate-binding affinity while ATP increases the substrate-binding affinity by interfering with the adenosine effect and/or by enhancing the substrate-binding affinity at an acidic compartment.	Adenosine	23-32	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	54-59
11248211-8	2001	They also suggest that adenosine and ATP may regulate GLUT1 intrinsic activity in certain cells where adenosine reduces the substrate-binding affinity while ATP increases the substrate-binding affinity by interfering with the adenosine effect and/or by enhancing the substrate-binding affinity at an acidic compartment.	Adenosine	102-111	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	54-59
11248211-8	2001	They also suggest that adenosine and ATP may regulate GLUT1 intrinsic activity in certain cells where adenosine reduces the substrate-binding affinity while ATP increases the substrate-binding affinity by interfering with the adenosine effect and/or by enhancing the substrate-binding affinity at an acidic compartment.	Adenosine	102-111	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	54-59
11223861-1	2001	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme of the purine metabolism which catalyzes the irreversible deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine to inosine and deoxyinosine, respectively.	Adenosine	112-121	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
11223861-1	2001	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme of the purine metabolism which catalyzes the irreversible deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine to inosine and deoxyinosine, respectively.	Adenosine	112-121	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
11320597-3	2001	Other avenues of approach include the administration of agents which elevate local concentrations of adenosine at injury sites by inhibiting its metabolism to inosine by adenosine deaminase, rephosphorylation to adenosine triphosphate by adenosine kinase; or re-uptake into adjacent cells.	Adenosine	101-110	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	170-189
11159014-1	2001	Adenosine and/or homocysteine causes endothelial cell apoptosis, a mechanism requiring protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) activity.	Adenosine	0-9	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22	Homo sapiens	87-115
11159014-1	2001	Adenosine and/or homocysteine causes endothelial cell apoptosis, a mechanism requiring protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) activity.	Adenosine	0-9	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22	Homo sapiens	117-123
11159014-8	2001	Sodium orthovanadate did block adenosine-homocysteine-induced FAK, paxillin, and p130(CAS) proteolysis and Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-ase activity.	Adenosine	31-40	nucleolar and coiled-body phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	81-85
11156861-5	2001	Membrane-disrupted SHR SMCs metabolized exogenous adenosine faster than WKY SMCs did, and this difference was abolished by inhibition of adenosine deaminase but not adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	50-59	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	137-156
11156861-8	2001	We conclude that dysregulation of extracellular adenosine levels exists in SHR SMCs, that this dysregulation is not due to a defect in the cAMP-adenosine pathway but rather to enhanced activity of adenosine deaminase, and that the dysregulation of extracellular adenosine mediates the enhanced proliferative response of SHR SMCs.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	197-216
11158259-3	2001	Adenosine deaminase (ADA; 1 U/mL), which abolished the adenosine-induced response, did not eliminate the beta,gamma-MeATP-induced response.	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
11048721-5	2000	Here we show that DCC interacts with the membrane-associated adenosine A2b receptor, a G-protein-coupled receptor that induces cAMP accumulation on binding adenosine.	Adenosine	61-70	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	71-74
11000134-0	2000	Adenosine induces endothelial apoptosis by activating protein tyrosine phosphatase: a possible role of p38alpha.	Adenosine	0-9	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22	Homo sapiens	54-82
11000134-5	2000	Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) attenuated homocysteine- and/or adenosine-induced apoptosis and completely blocked apoptosis induced by the inhibition of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase with MDL-28842.	Adenosine	84-93	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22	Homo sapiens	14-42
11000134-5	2000	Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) attenuated homocysteine- and/or adenosine-induced apoptosis and completely blocked apoptosis induced by the inhibition of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase with MDL-28842.	Adenosine	84-93	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22	Homo sapiens	44-50
11000134-7	2000	Adenosine significantly elevated the PTPase activity in the ECs.	Adenosine	0-9	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22	Homo sapiens	37-43
11000134-11	2000	Adenosine-treated ECs had diminished p38alpha activity compared with control cells; this effect was blunted on PTPase inhibition.	Adenosine	0-9	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22	Homo sapiens	111-117
11000134-12	2000	These results indicate that PTPase(s) plays an integral role in the induction of EC apoptosis upon exposure to homocysteine and/or adenosine, possibly by the attenuation of p38alpha activity.	Adenosine	131-140	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22	Homo sapiens	28-34
11015315-8	2000	Adenosine deaminase blocked the effect of adenosine, but left the response to ATP unchanged.	Adenosine	42-51	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
11063127-0	2000	Okadaic acid-mediated induction of the c-fos gene in estrogen receptor-negative human breast carcinoma cells utilized, in part, posttranscriptional mechanisms involving adenosine-uridine-rich elements.	Adenosine	169-178	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	39-44
10987833-9	2000	It was surprising that adenosine was not released during ATP-depleting conditions unless AMP deaminase and adenosine deaminase were inhibited.	Adenosine	23-32	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	107-126
10940565-8	2000	The aa sequence from the ORF-C localized downstream of the Tc52 gene showed significant homology to human adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (hADAT1) that specifically deaminates adenosine 37 to inosine in eukaryotic tRNA(Ala) and to its homologue yeast protein (Tad1p) (22-25% identity and an additional 38-40% similarity over 177aa).	Adenosine	106-115	adenosine deaminase tRNA specific 1	Homo sapiens	141-147
10734167-1	2000	It has been proposed that extracellular ATP inhibits synaptic release of glutamate from hippocampal CA1 synapses after its catabolism to adenosine.	Adenosine	137-146	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	100-103
10671218-5	2000	Our data suggest a possible explanation for this genetic puzzle: the human CD3gamma gene has a mutational hot spot in a nucleotide sequence of nine adenosines (9A) in the exon 3 encoding most of the external CD3gamma domain.	Adenosine	148-158	CD3 gamma subunit of T-cell receptor complex	Homo sapiens	75-83
2844436-5	1988	The positive inotropic response to CGRP was significantly enhanced by isobutylmethylxanthine and was attenuated by adenosine.	Adenosine	115-124	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
10671218-5	2000	Our data suggest a possible explanation for this genetic puzzle: the human CD3gamma gene has a mutational hot spot in a nucleotide sequence of nine adenosines (9A) in the exon 3 encoding most of the external CD3gamma domain.	Adenosine	148-158	CD3 gamma subunit of T-cell receptor complex	Homo sapiens	208-216
10786700-11	2000	The interaction of endogenous adenosine with the GMP-binding sites was determined by incubating membranes in the presence or absence of adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	136-155
3379046-4	1988	Dipyridamole (10 mumol/liter), an inhibitor of nucleoside transport, caused a 5-7-fold increase in adenosine accumulation which was reduced by 85% on inhibition of ectophosphatases by beta-glycerophosphate and antibodies against ecto-5"-nucleotidase or alpha, beta-methylene 5"-adenosine diphosphate (10 mumol/liter), respectively, indicating that most of the adenosine is produced in the extracellular compartment.	Adenosine	99-108	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	229-249
10660805-1	2000	The effect of four variables (adenosine, glutamate dehydrogenase, phosphate buffer, and pH) on the measured catalytic concentration of adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4) was studied by Response Surface Methodology (RSM).	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	135-154
3260027-3	1988	SP6 polymerase efficiently transcribes cDNA inserts which contain a guanosine (G) nucleotide at position +1 relative to the SP6 promoter; however, inserts with an adenosine (A) or pyrimidine at position +1 are not transcribed.	Adenosine	163-172	Sp6 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	0-3
11268424-5	2000	The substantial Th2-driving force of endogenous stress mediators, as well as histamine and adenosine, can be amplified to a great extent during certain conditions and may play a role in increased susceptibility of the organism to various infections that are normally cleared by Th1 responses.	Adenosine	91-100	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	278-281
2840494-4	1988	Adenosine was not metabolized by washed spermatozoa under conditions used for the assay of adenosine deaminase or adenosine kinase, but it was metabolized rapidly by unwashed sperm suspensions.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	91-110
10694229-0	2000	Adenosine induces cyclic-AMP formation and inhibits endothelin-1 production/secretion in guinea-pig tracheal epithelial cells through A(2B) adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	0-9	endothelin-1	Cavia porcellus	52-64
2840494-4	1988	Adenosine was not metabolized by washed spermatozoa under conditions used for the assay of adenosine deaminase or adenosine kinase, but it was metabolized rapidly by unwashed sperm suspensions.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	114-130
10694245-8	2000	The A(2A) receptor antagonist, ZM 241385 (10 nM) as well as adenosine deaminase (ADA, 2 U ml(-1)), prevented the enhancement of field EPSP slope caused by CGRP (30 nM) in the presence of DPCPX (10 nM), suggesting that this effect of CGRP requires the concomitant activation of A(2A) adenosine receptors by endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	60-69	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
3343292-5	1988	A reduced release of adenosine into the interstitial space also explains the ability of both agents to block the increase in CBF evoked by hypoxic challenges.	Adenosine	21-30	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	125-128
22607408-4	2000	Replacement of the asparagine by alanine weakens binding dramatically, but substitution of the adenosine by cytidine or guanosine slightly increases or decreases respective binding affinities for RPL30.	Adenosine	95-104	ribosomal 60S subunit protein L30	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	196-201
2854904-1	1988	Because adenosine plays a role in the regulation of glomerular filtration rate and of the release of renin, we examined the possibility of a local source for this mediator.	Adenosine	8-17	renin	Rattus norvegicus	101-106
10772701-0	2000	Synthesis of (Z)- and (E)-9-[(2-hydroxyethylidene)cyclopropyl]adenine--new methylenecyclopropane analogues of adenosine and their substrate activity for adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	110-119	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	153-172
11072801-7	2000	The results obtained indicate that ADX and OVX upregulate the expression of ecto-ATPase, potentiating the production of adenosine in synaptic cleft thus modulating the activity of numerous neurotransmitter systems in distinct areas of the CNS.	Adenosine	120-129	CEA cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-87
10845757-15	1999	Adenosine is deaminated by adenosine deaminase (ADA) and guanosine is converted to guanine and deaminated by guanase.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	27-46
10845757-15	1999	Adenosine is deaminated by adenosine deaminase (ADA) and guanosine is converted to guanine and deaminated by guanase.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	48-51
10581392-0	1999	Adenosine and behavioral state control: adenosine increases c-Fos protein and AP1 binding in basal forebrain of rats.	Adenosine	40-49	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	60-65
10575360-3	1999	Human dCK catalysed the phosphorylation of D- and L-enantiomers of beta-dA, beta-araA, and beta-dG with enantioselectivities favoring the unnatural enantiomer for the adenosine derivatives and the natural enantiomer for 2"-deoxyguanosine.	Adenosine	167-176	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	Drosophila melanogaster	6-9
10525068-6	1999	In agreement with our previous reports, adenosine antagonists reduced haloperidol-induced c-fos and neurotensin gene expression as well as catalepsy.	Adenosine	40-49	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	90-95
10525068-11	1999	These results indicate that the haloperidol-induced increases in c-fos and NT gene expression in the dorsolateral striatum and catalepsy are driven largely by adenosine and glutamatergic inputs acting at A(2A) and NMDA receptors.	Adenosine	159-168	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	65-70
10510349-0	1999	Adenosine inhibits macrophage colony-stimulating factor-dependent proliferation of macrophages through the induction of p27kip-1 expression.	Adenosine	0-9	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Mus musculus	120-128
10510349-8	1999	The treatment of macrophages with adenosine induces the expression of p27kip-1, a G1 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, in a protein kinase A-dependent way.	Adenosine	34-43	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Mus musculus	70-78
10510349-9	1999	Moreover, the involvement of p27kip-1 in the adenosine inhibition of macrophage proliferation was confirmed using macrophages from mice with a disrupted p27kip-1 gene.	Adenosine	45-54	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Mus musculus	29-37
10510349-9	1999	Moreover, the involvement of p27kip-1 in the adenosine inhibition of macrophage proliferation was confirmed using macrophages from mice with a disrupted p27kip-1 gene.	Adenosine	45-54	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Mus musculus	153-161
10510349-10	1999	These results demonstrate that adenosine inhibits macrophage proliferation through a mechanism that involves binding to A2B adenosine receptor, the generation of cAMP, and the induction of p27kip-1 expression.	Adenosine	31-40	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Mus musculus	189-197
10382272-3	1999	In the presence of an adenosine deaminase inhibitor, adenosine and 2"-deoxyadenosine (2"-dAdo) produced different toxicity patterns: both adenosine and 2"-dAdo were toxic to E3 embryos, but only 2"-dAdo was toxic at later stages (E6 1/2, E11).	Adenosine	53-62	skull morphology 7	Mus musculus	230-241
10092629-1	1999	RNA transcripts encoding the serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C (5-HT2C) receptor (5-HT2CR) undergo adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing events at up to five specific sites.	Adenosine	98-107	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens	63-69
11499015-0	1999	[Expression of c-fos in the medulla oblongata after carotid baroreceptor activation by elevated intrasinus pressure and adenosine].	Adenosine	120-129	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	15-20
11499015-1	1999	Expression of c-fos protein in the medulla oblongata after baroreceptor activation by elevated intrasinus pressure (ISP) and perfusion of adenosine (Ado) was examined in 14 vascularly isolated carotid sinus perfusion rats.	Adenosine	138-147	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	14-19
11499015-1	1999	Expression of c-fos protein in the medulla oblongata after baroreceptor activation by elevated intrasinus pressure (ISP) and perfusion of adenosine (Ado) was examined in 14 vascularly isolated carotid sinus perfusion rats.	Adenosine	149-152	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	14-19
10092821-9	1999	The stimulation of A2B receptors by adenosine or its analogues inhibits the IFN-gamma-induced expression of MHC class II genes and also the IFN-gamma-induced expression of nitric oxide synthase and of proinflammatory cytokines.	Adenosine	36-45	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	19-22
10199616-0	1999	Opposite tonic modulation of dopamine and adenosine on c-fos gene expression in striatopallidal neurons.	Adenosine	42-51	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	55-60
10199616-9	1999	In addition, this study provides evidence that endogenous adenosine, acting via adenosine A2A receptors, induces striatal c-fos messenger RNA when extracellular dopamine levels are strongly reduced.	Adenosine	58-67	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	122-127
10199625-6	1999	Both the specific adenosine A2a antagonist 8-(3-chlorostyryl)-caffeine and the general adenosine antagonist theophylline reduced haloperidol-dependent induction of striatal neurotensin and c-fos messenger RNA.	Adenosine	18-27	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	173-184
10199625-6	1999	Both the specific adenosine A2a antagonist 8-(3-chlorostyryl)-caffeine and the general adenosine antagonist theophylline reduced haloperidol-dependent induction of striatal neurotensin and c-fos messenger RNA.	Adenosine	18-27	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	189-194
10069416-0	1999	The extracellular versus intracellular mechanisms of inhibition of TCR-triggered activation in thymocytes by adenosine under conditions of inhibited adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	109-118	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	149-168
9914161-2	1999	Many of the adenosine actions seem to be mediated by specific surface receptors positively coupled to adenylate cyclase: A2A and A2B.	Adenosine	12-21	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	121-132
9790168-8	1998	We further suggest that adenosine 3", 5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) is one of the factors that regulate the levels of both Abeta and ubiquitin in NB cells.	Adenosine	24-33	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	124-129
9808987-14	1998	ADA SCID is currently explained only by intracellular lymphotoxicity of accumulated adenosine.	Adenosine	84-93	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-3
9808987-16	1998	This, in turn, may lead to changes in antigen receptor repertoires and to immunodeficiency, Such properties of adenosine receptors suggest an expanded understanding of pathogenesis of ADA SCID as being due to two independent (intracellular and extracellular) mechanisms of adenosine action.	Adenosine	111-120	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	184-187
9753640-3	1998	Up to a concentration of 250 microM ATPo, growth inhibition is solely attributable to ATPo, while at higher ATPo concentrations adenosine generated from ATPo hydrolysis contributes to this effect.	Adenosine	128-137	ATP synthase peripheral stalk subunit OSCP	Homo sapiens	36-40
9607713-7	1998	Adenosine deaminase (0.2 U/ml) totally annulled the inhibition of epileptiform activity produced by 10 microM adenosine or 1 microM Ap4A and Ap5A.	Adenosine	110-119	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
9583764-0	1998	UP 202-56, an adenosine analogue, selectively acts via A1 receptors to significantly decrease noxiously-evoked spinal c-Fos protein expression.	Adenosine	14-23	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	118-123
9918763-0	1998	Adenosine-induced inhibition of basal endothelin-1 production from guinea-pig tracheal epithelial cells: a mechanism involving the release of cAMP.	Adenosine	0-9	endothelin-1	Cavia porcellus	38-50
2824755-9	1987	Noradrenaline (5-500 microM) produced a Ca++-dependent release of a nucleotide which was subsequently degraded extracellularly to adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	130-139	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	143-163
9600645-2	1998	Evoked adenosine release is potentiated when either adenosine kinase or adenosine deaminase are inhibited.	Adenosine	7-16	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	72-91
2895052-5	1987	IAP (islet-activating protein, pertussis toxin) is capable of uncoupling the receptor stimulation to activation of Ni and/or N0, thus resulting in the inhibition of negative inotropic and chronotropic responses to muscarinic receptor agonists, and to adenosine and its derivatives such as N6-phenylisopropyladenosine and N6-methyladenosine.	Adenosine	251-260	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
9510086-0	1998	Negative inotropic action of alpha-1a adrenoceptor blocking agents: role of adenosine and ATP-sensitive K+ channels.	Adenosine	76-85	alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Cavia porcellus	29-50
2895052-5	1987	IAP (islet-activating protein, pertussis toxin) is capable of uncoupling the receptor stimulation to activation of Ni and/or N0, thus resulting in the inhibition of negative inotropic and chronotropic responses to muscarinic receptor agonists, and to adenosine and its derivatives such as N6-phenylisopropyladenosine and N6-methyladenosine.	Adenosine	251-260	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	5-29
3301666-1	1987	Adenosine may be a physiological modulator of vascular smooth muscle tone, sympathetic neurotransmission, renin release, and renal and cardiac function.	Adenosine	0-9	renin	Rattus norvegicus	106-111
3301666-7	1987	Given the known effects of adenosine on renin release, these data support a role for endogenous adenosine as a regulator of renin release in renovascular hypertension.	Adenosine	96-105	renin	Rattus norvegicus	40-45
3301666-7	1987	Given the known effects of adenosine on renin release, these data support a role for endogenous adenosine as a regulator of renin release in renovascular hypertension.	Adenosine	96-105	renin	Rattus norvegicus	124-129
3039004-3	1987	Enzyme activity is determined by colorimetric estimation of NH3 released from adenosine, the product of 5"-nucleotidase activity in the presence of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	78-87	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	104-119
3555117-1	1987	Previous observations by others have shown that Na deprivation augments and Na loading attenuates the inhibitory effect of exogenous adenosine on renin secretion in vivo.	Adenosine	133-142	renin	Rattus norvegicus	146-151
3555117-5	1987	N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA), an adenosine analogue that selectively activates the A1 subclass of adenosine receptors in the nanomolar to micromolar concentration range inhibited renin secretion over the same range of concentrations (nM-microM) and to approximately the same maximal extent (to 50% of the mean basal secretory rate) in cortical slices taken from Na-loaded, control, and Na-deprived rats.	Adenosine	13-22	renin	Rattus norvegicus	179-184
3330576-0	1987	Role of endogenous adenosine as a modulator of the renin response to salt restriction.	Adenosine	19-28	renin	Rattus norvegicus	51-56
3330576-1	1987	Numerous studies indicate that exogenous adenosine can inhibit renin release.	Adenosine	41-50	renin	Rattus norvegicus	63-68
3330576-2	1987	However, the hypothesis that endogenous adenosine functions to restrain the renin response to physiological and/or pharmacological stimuli remains untested.	Adenosine	40-49	renin	Rattus norvegicus	76-81
3330576-7	1987	These data support the hypothesis that endogenous adenosine functions to restrain the renin response to salt depletion.	Adenosine	50-59	renin	Rattus norvegicus	86-91
9473633-0	1998	Late developmental changes in the ability of adenosine A1 receptors to regulate synaptic transmission in the hippocampus Paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) of CA3-CA1 excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) was compared in hippocampal slices from juvenile (postnatal day (P) 15-21) and young adult rats (P28-P35) following application of adenosine.	Adenosine	45-54	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	156-159
9473163-1	1998	The effect of adenosine on intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was studied in human uterine myocyte.	Adenosine	14-23	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	70-73
3021230-1	1986	Adenosine production by isolated rat heart mitochondria was examined and was observed to be dependent on an active adenine nucleotide transporter and a functional 5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	163-178
3021230-3	1986	These results suggest that mitochondria provide AMP for an extramitochondrial 5"-nucleotidase and this was verified by direct measurement of extramitochondrial levels of AMP and adenosine.	Adenosine	178-187	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	78-93
3016191-4	1986	5"-AMP, adenosine, and inosine were indeed potent agents in producing a potentiating effect on NGF-induced early neurite outgrowth at a concentration of 1 mM.	Adenosine	8-17	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
3013369-9	1986	It is concluded that the stable adenosine analogs R-PIA and NECA, at behaviorally active doses, are decreasing in vivo the rate of DA synthesis and release from rat striatal DA nerve terminals by an adenosine receptor-mediated effect.	Adenosine	32-41	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
4029149-0	1985	Effects of ATP and adenosine addition on activity of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and the concentration of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ in rat hepatocytes.	Adenosine	19-28	oxoglutarate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	53-79
4029149-5	1985	The mechanism of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase activation may be via an increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ content as a consequence of the increase in [Ca2+]c. The effects of 100 microM adenosine were also investigated.	Adenosine	179-188	oxoglutarate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	17-43
4029149-6	1985	An increase in flux from glutamine to glucose was observed together with a decrease in the cell oxoglutarate, thus indicating that adenosine addition to hepatocytes could also activate oxoglutarate dehydrogenase.	Adenosine	131-140	oxoglutarate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	185-211
4029149-8	1985	Adenosine caused a small apparent increase in [Ca2+]c to 0.3-0.4 microM; it remains to be established if this effect, which is small relative to that of ATP, is sufficient to elicit the activation of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase: alternative mechanisms may exist.	Adenosine	0-9	oxoglutarate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	200-226
2981315-6	1985	5"-N-Ethylcarboxamide adenosine and adenosine decreased total and segmental (afferent and efferent) resistances and stimulated renin secretion.	Adenosine	22-31	renin	Rattus norvegicus	127-132
9473163-2	1998	Adenosine 10(-6) M elicited a rapid followed by a maintained increase in [Ca2+]i in Fluo-3-loaded myocytes.	Adenosine	0-9	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	74-77
9473163-3	1998	Compared with basal [Ca2+]i level, adenosine induced a 2.6-fold increase in the absence of extracellular calcium, and a 2.4-fold increase in the presence of extracellular calcium.	Adenosine	35-44	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	21-24
9473163-9	1998	The data suggest that in human uterine myocytes, adenosine stimulates release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and influx of extracellular Ca2+ through Ca2+ entry pathway.	Adenosine	49-58	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	81-84
9473163-9	1998	The data suggest that in human uterine myocytes, adenosine stimulates release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and influx of extracellular Ca2+ through Ca2+ entry pathway.	Adenosine	49-58	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	140-143
9473163-9	1998	The data suggest that in human uterine myocytes, adenosine stimulates release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and influx of extracellular Ca2+ through Ca2+ entry pathway.	Adenosine	49-58	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	140-143
6501444-4	1984	Dipyridamole and papaverine, inhibitors of adenosine uptake, potentiated the increase in CBF during anoxia.	Adenosine	43-52	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
6501444-5	1984	The results support the hypothesis that adenosine plays an important role in regulating CBF during anoxic episodes.	Adenosine	40-49	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
9315922-0	1997	Dopamine-adenosine interactions in the striatum and the globus pallidus: inhibition of striatopallidal neurons through either D2 or A2A receptors enhances D1 receptor-mediated effects on c-fos expression.	Adenosine	9-18	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	187-192
9269779-3	1997	The strong inhibition of the T-cell receptor (TCR)-triggered proliferation and of upregulation of interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain (CD25) molecules, but not the direct lymphotoxicity, were observed at low concentrations of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	239-248	interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain	Mus musculus	98-132
9269779-3	1997	The strong inhibition of the T-cell receptor (TCR)-triggered proliferation and of upregulation of interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain (CD25) molecules, but not the direct lymphotoxicity, were observed at low concentrations of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	239-248	interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain	Mus musculus	134-138
9812870-0	1997	[Expression of c-fos in spinal cord, medulla oblongata and thalamus following epicardial application of adenosine].	Adenosine	104-113	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	15-20
9812870-1	1997	Effects of epicardial application of adenosine on the expression of c-fos proto-oncogene in spinal cord, medulla oblongata and thalamus were examined in 12 sinoaortic denervated and vagotomized anesthetized rats.	Adenosine	37-46	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	68-73
9144513-0	1997	Adenosine metabolism during phorbol myristate acetate-mediated induction of HL-60 cell differentiation: changes in expression pattern of adenosine kinase, adenosine deaminase, and 5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	155-174
9065496-0	1997	Adenosine release mediates cyanide-induced suppression of CA1 neuronal activity.	Adenosine	0-9	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	58-61
9039951-3	1997	Adenosine nucleotides are present in bile, which suggests that hepatocytes may release nucleotides into the canaliculus where they are promptly degraded into adenosine by ecto-ATPase and 5"-nucleotidase, which have been identified in the canalicular plasma membrane.	Adenosine	158-167	CEA cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	171-182
9017239-0	1996	Synergistic interaction between an adenosine antagonist and a D1 dopamine agonist on rotational behavior and striatal c-Fos induction in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats.	Adenosine	35-44	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	118-123
8783232-4	1996	Both S-(p-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine-induced inhibition and facilitation of [3H]acetylcholine release resulted from extracellular endogenous adenosine accumulation, because they were blocked after inactivation of endogenous adenosine with adenosine deaminase (0.5 U/ml).	Adenosine	141-150	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	239-258
8687400-5	1996	Inhibition of ecto-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.15), 5"-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5) or alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) significantly diminished the stimulatory effect of ATP, indicating that the effect is primarily caused by adenosine and not by adenine nucleotides.	Adenosine	213-222	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Macaca mulatta	41-56
8639803-5	1996	Removal of extracellular adenosine by adenosine deaminase (ADA), or blocking of adenosine-receptors by theophylline, antagonized the inhibitory effects of platelets (or the equivalent supernatant) on the neutrophil respiratory burst.	Adenosine	25-34	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	38-57
8735973-4	1996	Moreover, precontraction of PA rings with adrenotensin selectively attenuated the pulmonary vasorelaxant response to ADM but not to other vasodilator substances, including isoproterenol, pinacidil, nifedipine, and adenosine.	Adenosine	214-223	adrenomedullin	Homo sapiens	117-120
8822480-7	1996	These results indicate that in the presence of a dopamine D2 antagonist, Fos expression in striato-pallidal neurons is mediated in part through activation of A2 receptors by adenosine, and via NMDA receptor activation by glutamate.	Adenosine	174-183	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	73-76
7626064-4	1995	Comparison of the sequences of actin and the protein components of nucleosome suggests that H2A may contain an adenosine binding site similar to the adenosine motif of actin, H1 and/or H2B phosphate/Ca2+ binding sites corresponding to the phosphate 1 motif of actin, HMG17 a phosphate/Ca2+ binding site corresponding to the phosphate 2 motif of actin.	Adenosine	111-120	high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 2	Homo sapiens	267-272
7626064-4	1995	Comparison of the sequences of actin and the protein components of nucleosome suggests that H2A may contain an adenosine binding site similar to the adenosine motif of actin, H1 and/or H2B phosphate/Ca2+ binding sites corresponding to the phosphate 1 motif of actin, HMG17 a phosphate/Ca2+ binding site corresponding to the phosphate 2 motif of actin.	Adenosine	149-158	high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 2	Homo sapiens	267-272
7731018-1	1995	Synthesis and A1 and A2a adenosine binding activities of some 1-aryl-1,4-dihydro-3-methyl[1]benzopyrano[2,3-c] pyrazol-4-ones, 1-aryl-4,9-dihydro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolin-4- ones, and 1-aryl-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]quinoxalines.	Adenosine	25-34	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	21-24
7731018-2	1995	The syntheses and A1 and A2a adenosine binding activities of some new 1-aryl-1,4-dihydro-3-methyl[1]benzopyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-4-ones, 1-aryl-4,9-dihydro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]-quinolin-4-ones, and 1-aryl-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]quinoxalines are reported.	Adenosine	29-38	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	25-28
7633332-5	1995	5 microM erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenosine (EHNA), an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, also increased endogenous adenosine release and altered the pattern of [3H]-purine release evoked by energy depletion by decreasing the proportion of [3H]-label released as [3H]-hypoxanthine and [3H]-inosine, whilst approximately doubling that of [3H]-adenosine.	Adenosine	39-48	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	73-92
7633332-8	1995	However, adenosine deaminase becomes important in regulating extracellular adenosine concentration when adenosine formation is increased by energy depletion.	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	9-28
7877305-6	1995	In similar experiments, adenosine also inhibited N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced granulocyte CD11b up-regulation (p &lt; 0.01).	Adenosine	24-33	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	109-114
6205001-0	1984	Adenosine-resistant Chinese hamster fibroblast variants with hyperactive adenosine-deaminase: an analysis of the protection against exogenous adenosine afforded by increased activity of the deamination pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Cricetulus griseus	73-92
6205001-3	1984	Inhibition of ADA activity by coformycin reduced the level of adenosine resistance but did not restore wild-type sensitivity, indicating that a second defect contributes to the adenosine-resistant phenotype of these variants; evidence was indeed obtained for the presence in both lines of additional alterations protecting them against the lethal depletion of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (Ishii and Green, 1973) imposed by adenosine to wild-type cells.	Adenosine	62-71	adenosine deaminase	Cricetulus griseus	14-17
6205001-3	1984	Inhibition of ADA activity by coformycin reduced the level of adenosine resistance but did not restore wild-type sensitivity, indicating that a second defect contributes to the adenosine-resistant phenotype of these variants; evidence was indeed obtained for the presence in both lines of additional alterations protecting them against the lethal depletion of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (Ishii and Green, 1973) imposed by adenosine to wild-type cells.	Adenosine	177-186	adenosine deaminase	Cricetulus griseus	14-17
6205001-3	1984	Inhibition of ADA activity by coformycin reduced the level of adenosine resistance but did not restore wild-type sensitivity, indicating that a second defect contributes to the adenosine-resistant phenotype of these variants; evidence was indeed obtained for the presence in both lines of additional alterations protecting them against the lethal depletion of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (Ishii and Green, 1973) imposed by adenosine to wild-type cells.	Adenosine	177-186	adenosine deaminase	Cricetulus griseus	14-17
6205001-4	1984	To gain better insight into the influence of ADA hyperactivity on adenosine resistance, a procedure was developed for the specific isolation of variants with increased levels of ADA activity.	Adenosine	66-75	adenosine deaminase	Cricetulus griseus	178-181
6205001-6	1984	These investigations confirmed that amplification of ADA can efficiently contribute in protecting cells against high concentrations of exogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	145-154	adenosine deaminase	Cricetulus griseus	53-56
6205001-7	1984	The variants isolated by this procedure again manifested, in addition to amplification of ADA activity, another alteration decreasing their sensitivity to adenosine.	Adenosine	155-164	adenosine deaminase	Cricetulus griseus	90-93
7837231-3	1995	The introduction of a vinyl group at C-6 of uridine or an ethynyl group at C-8 of adenosine resulted in nucleoside derivatives showing cytostatic activity against several murine and/or human tumor cell lines.	Adenosine	82-91	cell division cycle associated 3	Mus musculus	75-78
6379148-7	1984	These results are inconsistent with the hypothesis that renal renin is an important determinant of adenosine-induced renal hemodynamic changes.	Adenosine	99-108	renin	Rattus norvegicus	62-67
7626181-11	1995	This effect may, at least in part, be ascribed to inhibition of the breakdown and disposal of endogenous adenosine which, in turn, inhibits the excessive stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system in the early phase of reperfusion.	Adenosine	105-114	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	173-178
6146982-0	1984	Adenosine-dependent activation of tyrosine hydroxylase is defective in adenosine kinase-deficient PC12 cells.	Adenosine	0-9	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	34-54
6146982-3	1984	The activation of TyrOHase is mediated by the adenosine-dependent activation of adenylate cyclase (EC50 = 600 nM).	Adenosine	46-55	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	18-26
7887474-10	1994	The percentage of recovery of adenosine in plasma treated with adenosine deaminase was above 90%.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	63-82
6146982-8	1984	These studies with kinase-deficient PC12 cells provide genetic evidence that adenosine-dependent activation of TyrOHase is mediated by acute increases in cAMP.	Adenosine	77-86	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	111-119
6722172-6	1984	Although the complex was stable even under nonequilibrium conditions, the bound S- adenosylhomocysteine was separated into adenosine and homocysteine in the presence of S- adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase.	Adenosine	123-132	adenosylhomocysteinase	Bos taurus	169-202
6729244-0	1984	Action of adenosine on energy metabolism and on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in rat brains.	Adenosine	10-19	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	48-81
8082733-5	1994	The results show that increasing intracellular levels of cAMP by exposing the cells to the synthetic adenosine analogue N-ethyl-carboxamido adenosine (NECA) results in an accumulation of c-jun and c-fos mRNA in both cell types.	Adenosine	101-110	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	197-202
8027026-5	1994	Functionally, cNT1 exhibited the transport characteristics of the nucleoside transport system cit (selective for pyrimidine nucleosides and adenosine) and accepted both 3"-azido-3"-deoxythymidine (AZT) and 2",3"-dideoxycytidine (ddC) as permeants (Km = 0.49 and 0.51 mM, respectively).	Adenosine	140-149	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
8189039-11	1994	These results document the age-related, tissue-specific expression and localization of ADA in renal tissue, features that probably reflect the crucial role played by the enzyme in adenosine/deoxyadenosine catabolism.	Adenosine	180-189	adenosine deaminase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	87-90
8185949-0	1994	Adenosine inhibits evoked synaptic transmission primarily by reducing presynaptic calcium influx in area CA1 of hippocampus.	Adenosine	0-9	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	105-108
8185949-4	1994	Adenosine may inhibit transmitter release by reducing voltage-dependent Ca2+ currents, activating K+ currents, or by mechanisms downstream to Ca2+ influx.	Adenosine	0-9	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	72-75
8185949-4	1994	Adenosine may inhibit transmitter release by reducing voltage-dependent Ca2+ currents, activating K+ currents, or by mechanisms downstream to Ca2+ influx.	Adenosine	0-9	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	142-145
8185949-5	1994	By simultaneously recording the presynaptic Ca2+ transient ([Ca]t) and the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) at CA3-CA1 synapses of hippocampal slices, we found that adenosine, through activation of presynaptic A1 receptors, inhibits the fEPSP primarily by reducing the [Ca]t. Reduced [Ca]t was due to inhibition of omega-conotoxin GVIA-sensitive and some unidentified Ca2+ channels, probably including Q-type, but not to omega-agatoxin-IVA-sensitive Ca2+ channels.	Adenosine	180-189	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	44-47
6695416-0	1984	The role of adenosine in CBF increases during hypoxia in young vs aged rats.	Adenosine	12-21	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
8185949-5	1994	By simultaneously recording the presynaptic Ca2+ transient ([Ca]t) and the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) at CA3-CA1 synapses of hippocampal slices, we found that adenosine, through activation of presynaptic A1 receptors, inhibits the fEPSP primarily by reducing the [Ca]t. Reduced [Ca]t was due to inhibition of omega-conotoxin GVIA-sensitive and some unidentified Ca2+ channels, probably including Q-type, but not to omega-agatoxin-IVA-sensitive Ca2+ channels.	Adenosine	180-189	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	383-386
6695416-9	1984	The results suggest that adenosine plays a major role in CBF increases during both moderate and severe hypoxia and in the difference in response to hypoxia between young and aged rats.	Adenosine	25-34	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
8185949-5	1994	By simultaneously recording the presynaptic Ca2+ transient ([Ca]t) and the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) at CA3-CA1 synapses of hippocampal slices, we found that adenosine, through activation of presynaptic A1 receptors, inhibits the fEPSP primarily by reducing the [Ca]t. Reduced [Ca]t was due to inhibition of omega-conotoxin GVIA-sensitive and some unidentified Ca2+ channels, probably including Q-type, but not to omega-agatoxin-IVA-sensitive Ca2+ channels.	Adenosine	180-189	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	383-386
8177912-2	1994	Pretreatment of animals with erythro-9-)2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (EHNA), an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, also potentiated the increased concentrations of adenosine in venous blood by 6-fold and raised arterial adenosine concentrations by 3-fold.	Adenosine	160-169	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	90-109
8177912-4	1994	These data clearly suggest that hemorrhage induced extensive adenosine release and the released endogenous adenosine was eliminated quickly from plasma by the uptake mechanism and adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	107-116	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	180-199
8304544-4	1994	Both the low- and high-dose adenosine infusions significantly increased fetal plasma AVP concentrations (1.7 +/- 0.2 to 25 +/- 7 pg/ml and 1.6 +/- 0.1 to 54 +/- 8 pg/ml, respectively).	Adenosine	28-37	vasopressin-neurophysin 2-copeptin	Ovis aries	85-88
6313658-10	1983	Analysis of cAMP catabolites in granulosa cells indicated that the phosphodiesterase reaction product, 5"-AMP, was rapidly converted to adenosine by a plasma membrane 5"-nucleotidase, independent of the cellular hormonal status.	Adenosine	136-145	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	167-182
6316932-4	1983	The activity of 5"-nucleotidase, and hence the capacity of the cells to synthesize adenosine, was the same in fat-cells and also stromal cells of adipose tissue from pregnant, lactating and male rats.	Adenosine	83-92	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	16-31
6311934-12	1983	Adenosine did not significantly affect either aggregation or lysozyme release and only modestly affected beta-glucuronidase release by neutrophils stimulated with FMLP.	Adenosine	0-9	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	105-123
6315455-8	1983	These results indicate that adenosine selectively inhibits contractions of the rabbit portal vein evoked by adrenergic nerve stimulation via activation of an adenosine A1 receptor.	Adenosine	28-37	adenosine receptor A1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	158-179
6311180-4	1983	Sufficient cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase was present in intact cells to explain the observed rate of adenosine formation.	Adenosine	97-106	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	21-36
6311180-5	1983	We conclude that the cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase is responsible for adenosine production in rat polymorphonuclear leucocytes.	Adenosine	66-75	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	31-46
6177462-5	1982	Incubation of T lymphocytes or TR lymphocytes with adenosine or impromidine, an H2 histamine agonist, under conditions previously shown to increase Fc gamma receptors and radioresistant suppressor cell activity, was found to increase the proportion of cells expressing readily detectable surface beta 2 microglobulin and the antigen detected by OKT8.	Adenosine	51-60	beta-2 microglobulin	Mus musculus	296-316
6177462-7	1982	These data indicate that the expression of T lymphocyte Fc gamma receptors, beta 2 microglobulin and the antigens detected by the monoclonal antibodies OKT4 and OKT8 are, at least in part, regulated by agents acting upon adenosine and H2 histamine receptors.	Adenosine	221-230	beta-2 microglobulin	Mus musculus	76-96
6211316-6	1982	Brief exposure of Tr cells to adenosine or impromidine, an H2 histamine agonist, cause a rapid increase in the number of Tr cells bearing RFc gamma and the development of radioresistant suppressor cell activity.	Adenosine	30-39	solute carrier family 19 member 1	Homo sapiens	138-141
6211316-7	1982	The RFc gamma induced on Tr cells by adenosine or impromidine are more stable in culture than the spontaneously occurring RFc gamma on Ts cells.	Adenosine	37-46	solute carrier family 19 member 1	Homo sapiens	4-7
8304544-8	1994	These results indicate that 1) adenosine causes a dose-dependent increase in plasma AVP concentrations and 2) a hypoxia-induced rise in fetal adenosine levels triggers vasopressin release.	Adenosine	31-40	vasopressin-neurophysin 2-copeptin	Ovis aries	84-87
8238380-5	1993	Either enhancement of the degradation of adenosine by 0.1 U/ml adenosine deaminase (ADA) or inhibition of adenosine release from the cells by 10(-6) M S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) mimicked the effects of A1 antagonists.	Adenosine	41-50	adenosine deaminase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	63-82
8253116-0	1993	Adenosine inhibits the release of atrial natriuretic peptide from the perfused rat heart.	Adenosine	0-9	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	34-60
8253116-1	1993	The effect of adenosine on atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release was studied in the perfused rat heart model.	Adenosine	14-23	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	27-53
8253116-1	1993	The effect of adenosine on atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release was studied in the perfused rat heart model.	Adenosine	14-23	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
8253116-4	1993	When heart rate was maintained constant by external pacing, inhibition of ANP release was observed only with 100 microM adenosine (P &lt; 0.01).	Adenosine	120-129	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
8253116-5	1993	The results show that adenosine dose-dependently inhibits ANP release from the perfused rat heart.	Adenosine	22-31	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
8253116-6	1993	The effect of adenosine on ANP release was partially due to its negative chronotropic effect but the results suggest that adenosine may also have a direct inhibitory effect on ANP release in atrial myocardium.	Adenosine	14-23	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
8253116-6	1993	The effect of adenosine on ANP release was partially due to its negative chronotropic effect but the results suggest that adenosine may also have a direct inhibitory effect on ANP release in atrial myocardium.	Adenosine	122-131	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	176-179
8393328-0	1993	Acting via A2 receptors, adenosine inhibits the upregulation of Mac-1 (Cd11b/CD18) expression on FMLP-stimulated neutrophils.	Adenosine	25-34	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	64-69
8393328-0	1993	Acting via A2 receptors, adenosine inhibits the upregulation of Mac-1 (Cd11b/CD18) expression on FMLP-stimulated neutrophils.	Adenosine	25-34	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	71-76
8393328-3	1993	Using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry, we investigated the effect of adenosine on the increase in plasma membrane expression of Mac-1 which occurs following stimulation of neutrophils with the chemotactic peptide N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP).	Adenosine	78-87	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	137-142
8393328-6	1993	We also found that dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate inhibited the upregulation of Mac-1, and that the effect of adenosine on Mac-1 expression was not reversed by colchicine or vinblastine.	Adenosine	36-45	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	90-95
8393328-7	1993	We conclude that adenosine acts via A2 receptors to inhibit the upregulation of Mac-1 expression of FMLP-stimulated neutrophils, and that A1 receptors are not involved.	Adenosine	17-26	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	80-85
8393328-8	1993	This effect of adenosine may help to limit Mac-1-dependent neutrophil exudation at sites of inflammation or ischemia-reperfusion.	Adenosine	15-24	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	43-48
8281308-4	1993	PP90 was phosphorylated under conditions that excluded enzyme activities due to Ca2+/calmodulin kinases, cyclic nucleotide-dependent kinases or protein kinase C. On the other hand, the phosphorylation could be selectively inhibited by the purine analogues adenosine, 2-aminopurine and 6-thioguanine (6-TG).	Adenosine	256-265	calnexin	Canis lupus familiaris	0-4
7684612-3	1993	Adenosine deaminase was without effect on ATP action while reversing the inhibitory effect of adenosine.	Adenosine	94-103	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
8330191-1	1993	The role of adenosine as a metabolic regulator of physiological processes in the brain was studied by measuring its concentrations and the activity of adenosine-metabolizing enzymes: 5"-nucleotidase, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase in the cerebral cortex of the rat.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	234-253
8465201-2	1993	A strand displacement assay was used to show that highly purified preparation of BTF2 had an adenosine triphosphate-dependent DNA helicase activity, in addition to the previously characterized carboxyl-terminal domain kinase activity.	Adenosine	93-102	ERCC excision repair 3, TFIIH core complex helicase subunit	Homo sapiens	81-85
8487759-4	1993	In the complex with RecA protein the dissociation constant for pyrophosphate is 1.6 mM and 710 mM for adenosine.	Adenosine	102-111	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	20-24
8443979-8	1993	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) abolished the inhibitory effect of adenosine and augmented PAF-induced actin polymerization.	Adenosine	61-70	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
8381506-2	1993	It has been proposed that ethanol induces the accumulation of extracellular adenosine, which then down-regulates the Gs alpha protein and leads to heterologous desensitization.	Adenosine	76-85	GNAS (guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating) complex locus	Mus musculus	117-125
7129853-3	1982	The data are consistent with the view that a conformational change involving aromatic amino acid residues occurs upon binding of purine riboside to adenosine binding site of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	148-157	adenosine deaminase	Bos taurus	174-193
8382501-3	1993	Previous reports have shown that adenosine or its analogs reduced Ca2+ current in dorsal root ganglion and hippocampal neurons.	Adenosine	33-42	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: carbonic anhydrase 2	Cavia porcellus	66-69
6759088-0	1982	[Modification of the catalytic center of Escherichia coli ATP(CTP): tRNA-nucleotidyltransferase by adenosine and cytidine triphosphate derivatives with a reactive group in the triphosphate fragment].	Adenosine	99-108	ATPase	Escherichia coli	58-66
8382501-8	1993	Because of the ubiquity of adenosine, the differential effects on Ca2+ channels of adenosine receptor subtype activation may have significant implications for neuronal excitability.	Adenosine	27-36	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: carbonic anhydrase 2	Cavia porcellus	66-69
8380395-4	1993	In some experiments, either MTX or adenosine was added to a superfusate containing either PAF or LTB4.	Adenosine	35-44	PCNA clamp associated factor	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
7307243-1	1981	We employed intracoronary infusions of calf intestine adenosine deaminase (ADA) to test the hypothesis that adenosine regulates coronary blood flow during myocardial reactive hyperemia (RH).	Adenosine	54-63	adenosine deaminase	Bos taurus	75-78
8380395-6	1993	RESULTS: Both MTX and adenosine were effective in preventing the leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesive interactions elicited by PAF, but not by LTB4.	Adenosine	22-31	PCNA clamp associated factor	Rattus norvegicus	126-129
8380395-7	1993	These actions of adenosine and MTX against PAF-induced leukocyte adhesion were blunted by ADA and the A2-(but not the A1-) receptor antagonist.	Adenosine	17-26	PCNA clamp associated factor	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
8380395-8	1993	CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that both adenosine and methotrexate attenuate PAF-induced leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion in postcapillary venules via activation of A2-receptors on the leukocyte.	Adenosine	46-55	PCNA clamp associated factor	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
1331363-0	1992	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor desensitization is regulated by activation-induced extracellular adenosine accumulation.	Adenosine	98-107	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	0-32
1331363-1	1992	Adenosine modulation of nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) function was studied in primary cultures of rat skeletal muscle.	Adenosine	0-9	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	24-46
1331363-1	1992	Adenosine modulation of nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) function was studied in primary cultures of rat skeletal muscle.	Adenosine	0-9	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	48-53
1331363-2	1992	Activation of the nAChR by carbachol increased extracellular adenosine concentration in a dose-dependent manner.	Adenosine	61-70	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	18-23
1331363-5	1992	These results suggest that the increased cAMP levels were due to adenosine receptor activation by the extracellular adenosine accumulated on nAChR activation.	Adenosine	65-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	141-146
1331363-8	1992	We found that the adenosine receptor antagonist, BW1434U, significantly inhibited carbachol-induced nAChR desensitization, indicating that extracellular adenosine is involved in nAChR desensitization.	Adenosine	18-27	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	100-105
1331363-8	1992	We found that the adenosine receptor antagonist, BW1434U, significantly inhibited carbachol-induced nAChR desensitization, indicating that extracellular adenosine is involved in nAChR desensitization.	Adenosine	18-27	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	178-183
1331363-9	1992	Our data suggest that nAChR function is regulated via a feedback mechanism mediated by adenosine released from muscle on activation of the nAChR.	Adenosine	87-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	22-27
1331363-9	1992	Our data suggest that nAChR function is regulated via a feedback mechanism mediated by adenosine released from muscle on activation of the nAChR.	Adenosine	87-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	139-144
1419490-3	1992	When extracellular adenosine was removed by adenosine deaminase, the effect of adenosine was completely abolished.	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	44-63
1510152-7	1992	Adenosine deaminase fully attenuated the dipyridamole-induced increases in CBF and dialysate adenosine.	Adenosine	93-102	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	0-19
1618264-6	1992	The CRH-induced depolarization was prevented by incubation in 10 microM 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA, an adenosine analog) suggesting that the response was mediated by stimulation of adenylate cyclase and elevation of cAMP.	Adenosine	93-102	corticoliberin	Cavia porcellus	4-7
1441846-3	1992	Km for adenosine and 2"-deoxy-adenosine were 3.08 x 10(-5) M and 3.03 x 10(-5) M for mitochondrial ADA and 3.12 x 10(-5) M and 2.87 x 10(-5) M for cytosolic ADA.	Adenosine	7-16	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
1441846-3	1992	Km for adenosine and 2"-deoxy-adenosine were 3.08 x 10(-5) M and 3.03 x 10(-5) M for mitochondrial ADA and 3.12 x 10(-5) M and 2.87 x 10(-5) M for cytosolic ADA.	Adenosine	7-16	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	157-160
1378294-7	1992	Adenosine (50 microM), a metabolic precursor to endogenous cyclic AMP, also inhibited accumulation of thymosin beta-10 mRNA (to less than 70% of control levels).	Adenosine	0-9	thymosin, beta 10	Rattus norvegicus	102-118
1665390-7	1991	The adenosine analogue cyclohexyladenosine significantly reduced co-release of noradrenaline and NPY.	Adenosine	4-13	pro-neuropeptide Y	Cavia porcellus	97-100
2058714-1	1991	We examined the role of adenosine in modulating the coronary constrictor effect of neuropeptide Y (NPY).	Adenosine	24-33	neuropeptide Y	Canis lupus familiaris	83-97
2058714-1	1991	We examined the role of adenosine in modulating the coronary constrictor effect of neuropeptide Y (NPY).	Adenosine	24-33	neuropeptide Y	Canis lupus familiaris	99-102
1646946-7	1991	Treatment of PC12 cells with atrial natriuretic factor or sodium nitroprusside caused 1) increased intracellular cGMP levels, 2) attenuation of adenosine-stimulated cAMP accumulation, and 3) increased rates of cAMP decay after removal of the adenosine stimulus.	Adenosine	144-153	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	29-54
1646946-7	1991	Treatment of PC12 cells with atrial natriuretic factor or sodium nitroprusside caused 1) increased intracellular cGMP levels, 2) attenuation of adenosine-stimulated cAMP accumulation, and 3) increased rates of cAMP decay after removal of the adenosine stimulus.	Adenosine	242-251	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	29-54
1877368-9	1991	The results also show that adenosine levels can be altered in vivo by inhibitors of adenosine transport and adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	108-127
6279343-7	1981	Lymphocytes, therefore, have the ability to generate AMP on their surface which can be further metabolized to adenosine by ecto-5" nucleotidase.	Adenosine	110-119	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	123-143
1742765-0	1991	Influence of adenosine on the stimulatory effect of isoprenaline and insulin on myocardial contractility in vivo.	Adenosine	13-22	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	69-76
1898656-1	1991	Phorbol myristate acetate-induced accumulation of adenosine owing to inactivation of extracellularly released adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	50-59	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	110-129
7021547-7	1981	Slight activation of the enzyme by glucagon or adenosine tended to be enhanced by IAP treatment.	Adenosine	47-56	Cd47 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
6262487-6	1981	It is suggested that by inhibiting 5"-nucleotidase, caffeine and theophylline may influence the production of adenosine in the myocardium and thereby may interfere with an important mechanism for the regulation of coronary blood flow.	Adenosine	110-119	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	35-50
1898656-10	1991	We concluded that PMNs, even when not stimulated, continuously produce adenosine by dephosphorylation of extracellularly released adenylates; and that stimulation of PMNs by PMA causes adenosine accumulation owing to the inactivation of adenosine deaminase released by broken cells.	Adenosine	185-194	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	237-256
1988669-2	1991	In the rat and dog, exogenous adenosine inhibits renin release and adenosine receptor blockade augments stimulated renin release, suggesting that endogenous adenosine contributes to the regulation of renin release.	Adenosine	67-76	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	115-120
2172772-10	1990	ADA inhibited the response to both adenosine and forskolin; however, 200 times as much enzyme was necessary to inhibit the forskolin response.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
500014-2	1979	In binding experiments on Blue Sepharose CL-6B (an affinity gel for nucleotide-specific enzymes) it is observed that ATP citrate lyase recognizes ATP and CoA as well as ADP, 3"-AMP, and NADP, but not 5"-AMP, NAD, or adenosine.	Adenosine	216-225	ATP citrate lyase	Rattus norvegicus	117-134
2394745-2	1990	Under induced conditions, B lymphoblasts but not T lymphoblasts, release significant amounts of adenosine, which are markedly elevated by adenosine deaminase inhibitors.	Adenosine	96-105	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	138-157
223649-7	1979	The reaction was partly reversed by prolonged incubation, slow denaturation of the protein, dilution of the incubation mixture and removal of adenosine by converting it to inosine by the enzyme adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	142-151	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	194-213
223649-18	1979	The conversion of adenosine to inosine by the enzyme adenosine deaminase was decreased in the presence of the binding protein.	Adenosine	18-27	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	53-72
2394745-6	1990	B lymphoblasts release adenosine because of their combination of enzyme activities which produce or utilize adenosine (high AMP-5"-nucleotidase and relatively low adenosine kinase and adenosine deaminase activities).	Adenosine	23-32	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	184-203
2394745-6	1990	B lymphoblasts release adenosine because of their combination of enzyme activities which produce or utilize adenosine (high AMP-5"-nucleotidase and relatively low adenosine kinase and adenosine deaminase activities).	Adenosine	108-117	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	184-203
2390112-9	1990	This conclusion is further supported by data showing that the removal of endogenous adenosine with adenosine deaminase resulted in a comparable 25-30% inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose transport.	Adenosine	84-93	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	99-118
476055-0	1979	Dialdehydes derived from adenine nucleosides as substrates and inhibitors of adenosine aminohydrolase.	Adenosine	25-44	adenosine deaminase	Bos taurus	77-101
2275369-2	1990	ADA activity was determined by adenosine catalyzed reactions.	Adenosine	31-40	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-3
439600-3	1979	In the area of the necrosis adenosine monophosphate is metabolized mainly without the production of adenosine because high activity of AMP aminohydrolase here occurs in conjunction with deep inhibition of 5-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	28-37	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Canis lupus familiaris	205-219
215126-13	1978	It is suggested that 5"-nucleotidase and adenosine kinase are simultaneously active so that a substrate cycle between AMP and adenosine is produced: the difference in Km values between kinase and deaminase indicates that, via the cycle, small changes in activity of kinase or nucleotidase produce large changes in adenosine concentration.	Adenosine	126-135	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	21-36
2153547-5	1990	With asparagine as substrate, 0.5 mM adenosine increased gluconeogenesis; this increase was due to adenosine conversion through adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	37-46	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	128-147
2153547-5	1990	With asparagine as substrate, 0.5 mM adenosine increased gluconeogenesis; this increase was due to adenosine conversion through adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	99-108	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	128-147
307279-1	1978	Using the S49 T-cell lymphoma system for the study of immunodeficiency diseases, we characterized several variants in purine salvage and transport pathways and studied their responses to the cytotoxic action of adenosine (5-20 micron) in the presence of adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitors.	Adenosine	211-220	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	254-273
307279-1	1978	Using the S49 T-cell lymphoma system for the study of immunodeficiency diseases, we characterized several variants in purine salvage and transport pathways and studied their responses to the cytotoxic action of adenosine (5-20 micron) in the presence of adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitors.	Adenosine	211-220	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	275-278
20504559-4	1990	What we now know about the neuroanatomy of ADA-containing systems should facilitate tests of the hypothesis that ADA acts on some as yet uncharacterized pool of adenosine and help in answering the more specific question of how this enzyme relates to the role of adenosine as a neuroregulatory substance in discrete neural systems.	Adenosine	161-170	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	43-46
307279-3	1978	Variants lacking hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase or adenine phosphoribosyltransferase are sensitive to the killing action of adenosine.	Adenosine	141-150	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	68-101
20504559-4	1990	What we now know about the neuroanatomy of ADA-containing systems should facilitate tests of the hypothesis that ADA acts on some as yet uncharacterized pool of adenosine and help in answering the more specific question of how this enzyme relates to the role of adenosine as a neuroregulatory substance in discrete neural systems.	Adenosine	161-170	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	113-116
624728-0	1978	Vectorial production of adenosine by 5"-nucleotidase in the perfused rat heart.	Adenosine	24-33	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	37-52
20504559-4	1990	What we now know about the neuroanatomy of ADA-containing systems should facilitate tests of the hypothesis that ADA acts on some as yet uncharacterized pool of adenosine and help in answering the more specific question of how this enzyme relates to the role of adenosine as a neuroregulatory substance in discrete neural systems.	Adenosine	262-271	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	43-46
20504559-4	1990	What we now know about the neuroanatomy of ADA-containing systems should facilitate tests of the hypothesis that ADA acts on some as yet uncharacterized pool of adenosine and help in answering the more specific question of how this enzyme relates to the role of adenosine as a neuroregulatory substance in discrete neural systems.	Adenosine	262-271	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	113-116
2402884-3	1990	Both are activated by spermine and inhibited by adenosine and some rhodopsin kinase specific adenosine derivatives such as sangivamycin.	Adenosine	93-102	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-83
200733-1	1977	The elevation of cyclic adenosine 3":5"-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in response to adenosine in C-1300 murine neuroblastoma (clone N2a) in surface culture is increased in magnitude in cultures pretreated overnight with theophylline or adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	24-33	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	234-253
888970-3	1977	Adenosine and adenine also appeared in the medium when adenosine deaminase was inhibited.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	55-74
33768096-3	2021	Adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy-sensing protein kinase involved in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis in cardiomyocytes.	Adenosine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	59-63
894893-3	1977	In most patients with chronic coronary insufficiency an increased activity of enzymes responsible for the metabolism of adenosine, above all of 5"-nucleotidase, is registered after a graded physical exertion test.	Adenosine	120-129	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	144-159
33235193-1	2020	Adenosine, its interacting A1 and A2A receptors, and particularly the variant rs5751876 in the A2A gene ADORA2A have been shown to modulate anxiety, arousal, and sleep.	Adenosine	0-9	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	95-98
888401-3	1977	Conversion of AMP into adenosine was limited due to inhibition of 5-nucleotidase, whereas the direct AMP deamination and degradation of adenosine proceeded with the normal rate.	Adenosine	23-32	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Canis lupus familiaris	66-80
24687255-3	2014	Among new classes of drugs, adenosine A2A antagonists have emerged as promising candidates.	Adenosine	28-37	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	38-41
888401-4	1977	Out of the necrosis area 5-nucleotidase maintained the high activity but both "non-adenosine" pathway of AMP degradation and adenosine splitting were inhibited; this promoted the nucleoside formation and maintained its level in the tissue.	Adenosine	125-134	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Canis lupus familiaris	25-39
14701834-0	2004	Electrophysiological characterization of the human Na(+)/nucleoside cotransporter 1 (hCNT1) and role of adenosine on hCNT1 function.	Adenosine	104-113	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	117-122
188824-10	1977	Similar stimulation is seen in I-10 Leydig tumor cells, but an ACTH-resistant mutant of Y-1 cells, called OS-3, is relatively resistant to adenosine.	Adenosine	139-148	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	63-67
188824-13	1977	Like the NH2-terminal 24 residues of adrenocorticotropic hormone (1-24 ACTH), the adenosine effect in Y-1 membranes is rapid and is on the Vmax intercept (versus ATP) and not on the Km.	Adenosine	82-91	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	37-64
188824-13	1977	Like the NH2-terminal 24 residues of adrenocorticotropic hormone (1-24 ACTH), the adenosine effect in Y-1 membranes is rapid and is on the Vmax intercept (versus ATP) and not on the Km.	Adenosine	82-91	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	71-75
150596-3	1977	Adenosine is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme ATPase and, in this way, contributes to the anemia, the bleeding diathesis and the CNS symptoms of uremia.	Adenosine	0-9	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	46-52
4358332-0	1973	Adenosine metabolism: properties of dog heart microsomal 5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Canis lupus familiaris	57-72
33955503-12	2021	The authors would like to add that the p.Arg34Trp variant"s association with DADA2 has been previously identified in a paper by Kaljas et al: Human adenosine deaminases ADA1 and ADA2 bind to different subsets of immune cells.	Adenosine	148-157	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	169-173
33955503-12	2021	The authors would like to add that the p.Arg34Trp variant"s association with DADA2 has been previously identified in a paper by Kaljas et al: Human adenosine deaminases ADA1 and ADA2 bind to different subsets of immune cells.	Adenosine	148-157	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	78-82
34042257-7	2021	What is more, knockdown of ZNF479 inhibited glucose uptake, lactate production, adenosine triphosphate level, and extracellular acidification ratio; increased oxygen consumption ratio in gastric cancer cells; and decreased the expression of glycolytic proteins both in vitro and in vivo.	Adenosine	80-89	zinc finger protein 479	Homo sapiens	27-33
34048157-0	2021	Adenosine perfusion MR imaging - a diagnostic aid for ectopic splenic tissue.	Adenosine	0-9	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	46-49
34048739-3	2021	Adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3beta) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) are all key proteins that regulate mitochondrial metabolism and apoptosis, and they are involved in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases.	Adenosine	0-9	protein phosphatase 2 (formerly 2A), catalytic subunit, alpha isoform	Mus musculus	127-131
34037096-1	2021	The conversion of adenosine to inosine is catalyzed by adenosine deaminase (ADA) (EC 3.5.4.4), which has two isoforms in humans (ADA1 and ADA2) and belongs to the zinc-dependent hydrolase family.	Adenosine	18-27	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	129-133
34037096-1	2021	The conversion of adenosine to inosine is catalyzed by adenosine deaminase (ADA) (EC 3.5.4.4), which has two isoforms in humans (ADA1 and ADA2) and belongs to the zinc-dependent hydrolase family.	Adenosine	18-27	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	138-142
34000337-7	2021	In contrast, the exchange protein activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP; Epac) inhibitor ESI-09 reduced mechanical PGE2-induced hyperalgesia, whereas no effect was observed in OVX animals.	Adenosine	54-63	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Rattus norvegicus	85-89
14701834-2	2004	Nevertheless, a complete electrophysiological characterization of the basic properties of hCNT1-mediated translocation has not been performed yet, and the exact role of adenosine in hCNT1 function has not been addressed either.	Adenosine	169-178	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	182-187
14701834-3	2004	In the present work we have used the two-electrode voltage clamp technique to investigate hCNT1 transport mechanism and study the kinetic properties of adenosine as an inhibitor of hCNT1.	Adenosine	152-161	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	181-186
14701834-4	2004	We show that hCNT1 exhibits presteady-state currents that disappear upon the addition of adenosine or uridine.	Adenosine	89-98	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	13-18
34973600-2	2022	Structural studies have revealed that TRPM2 is gated by adenosine 5"-diphosphoribose that binds to the cytosolic domains of TRPM2 and calcium ions that are coordinated by residues in the transmembrane domain.	Adenosine	56-65	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2	Homo sapiens	38-43
34973600-2	2022	Structural studies have revealed that TRPM2 is gated by adenosine 5"-diphosphoribose that binds to the cytosolic domains of TRPM2 and calcium ions that are coordinated by residues in the transmembrane domain.	Adenosine	56-65	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2	Homo sapiens	124-129
34871838-9	2022	Importantly, we found that this process is mediated by the Adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway.	Adenosine	59-68	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	118-122
34971693-1	2022	Several drugs approved for inhalation for the treatment of pulmonary diseases are substrates of the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp).	Adenosine	100-109	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	174-178
34930349-1	2021	BACKGROUND: To investigate the role of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on the production of interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha induced by IL-1beta in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) following treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4- carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR).	Adenosine	39-48	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	95-99
34881804-1	2021	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a purine metabolism enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of adenosine and deoxyadenosine.	Adenosine	88-97	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
34881804-1	2021	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a purine metabolism enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of adenosine and deoxyadenosine.	Adenosine	88-97	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
34840926-6	2021	Similarly, nucleotides such as Adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP), Adenosine di-phosphate (ADP), Uridine tri-phosphate (UTP), Uridine di-phosphate (UDP) and Uridine diphosphoglucose (UDPG) induced elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) activity in RAW264.7 cells.	Adenosine	31-40	acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant	Mus musculus	235-270
34840926-6	2021	Similarly, nucleotides such as Adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP), Adenosine di-phosphate (ADP), Uridine tri-phosphate (UTP), Uridine di-phosphate (UDP) and Uridine diphosphoglucose (UDPG) induced elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) activity in RAW264.7 cells.	Adenosine	31-40	acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant	Mus musculus	272-276
34840926-6	2021	Similarly, nucleotides such as Adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP), Adenosine di-phosphate (ADP), Uridine tri-phosphate (UTP), Uridine di-phosphate (UDP) and Uridine diphosphoglucose (UDPG) induced elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) activity in RAW264.7 cells.	Adenosine	62-71	acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant	Mus musculus	235-270
34840926-6	2021	Similarly, nucleotides such as Adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP), Adenosine di-phosphate (ADP), Uridine tri-phosphate (UTP), Uridine di-phosphate (UDP) and Uridine diphosphoglucose (UDPG) induced elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) activity in RAW264.7 cells.	Adenosine	62-71	acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant	Mus musculus	272-276
34786500-11	2021	In addition, starter feeding decreased the expression of Ras-related protein rap-1A (RAP1A, FC = 0.48) enriched in Rap1 signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway.	Adenosine	169-178	ras-related protein Rap-1A	Ovis aries	85-90
33957564-2	2021	Indeed, the tonic inhibitory effect of this receptor has been linked to the activation of exchange protein activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate-1 (Epac-1) protein through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate cascade.	Adenosine	127-136	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Rattus norvegicus	154-160
33957564-2	2021	Indeed, the tonic inhibitory effect of this receptor has been linked to the activation of exchange protein activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate-1 (Epac-1) protein through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate cascade.	Adenosine	189-198	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Rattus norvegicus	154-160
34787047-6	2021	PCAT18-upregulation inhibited, while PCAT18-downregulation promoted, migration and expression of matrix metalloproteinases 9/2 (MMP9/MMP2) and uridylyl phosphate adenosine (uPA) in TNBC cells.	Adenosine	162-171	prostate cancer associated transcript 18	Homo sapiens	37-43
34288817-0	2021	Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha protects the liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating the A2B adenosine receptor.	Adenosine	109-118	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-31
33434633-6	2021	Furthermore, our results show that CD73-deficiency is associated with increased apoptosis in response to 1600 muM adenosine, decreased sensitivity to mitomycin and enhanced sensitivity to vincristine.	Adenosine	114-123	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	35-39
34455227-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in BRCA-mutated advanced breast cancer patients comprehensively.	Adenosine	84-93	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	146-150
33932990-2	2021	We have previously shown that glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 is a coronary vasodilator and we sought to investigate if this is an adenosine-mediated effect.	Adenosine	129-138	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	30-59
32632892-10	2021	(2) Adenosine could inhibit the expression of gap junction protein (Cx43) and reduce glutamate diffusion.	Adenosine	4-13	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	68-72
33511551-2	2021	However, it is unknown in aortic vascular response, therefore, we hypothesized that A2AAR-gene deletion in mice (A2AAR-/-) affects adenosine-induced vascular response by increase in sEH and adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) activities.	Adenosine	131-140	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	84-89
33511551-2	2021	However, it is unknown in aortic vascular response, therefore, we hypothesized that A2AAR-gene deletion in mice (A2AAR-/-) affects adenosine-induced vascular response by increase in sEH and adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) activities.	Adenosine	131-140	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	113-118
33511551-2	2021	However, it is unknown in aortic vascular response, therefore, we hypothesized that A2AAR-gene deletion in mice (A2AAR-/-) affects adenosine-induced vascular response by increase in sEH and adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) activities.	Adenosine	131-140	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	190-211
33511551-2	2021	However, it is unknown in aortic vascular response, therefore, we hypothesized that A2AAR-gene deletion in mice (A2AAR-/-) affects adenosine-induced vascular response by increase in sEH and adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) activities.	Adenosine	131-140	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	213-217
33415682-1	2021	Chronic adenosine A1R stimulation in hypoxia leads to persistent hippocampal synaptic depression, while unopposed adenosine A2AR receptor stimulation during hypoxia/reperfusion triggers adenosine-induced post-hypoxia synaptic potentiation (APSP) and increased neuronal death.	Adenosine	114-123	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	124-128
33415682-1	2021	Chronic adenosine A1R stimulation in hypoxia leads to persistent hippocampal synaptic depression, while unopposed adenosine A2AR receptor stimulation during hypoxia/reperfusion triggers adenosine-induced post-hypoxia synaptic potentiation (APSP) and increased neuronal death.	Adenosine	114-123	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	124-128
33925516-0	2021	Increased Extracellular Adenosine in Radiotherapy-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells Enhances Tumor Progression through A2AR-Akt-beta-Catenin Signaling.	Adenosine	24-33	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	115-119
33925341-7	2021	ABCC6 facilitates the cellular efflux of ATP, which is rapidly converted into inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) and adenosine by the ectonucleotidases NPP1 and CD73 (NT5E).	Adenosine	112-121	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 6	Mus musculus	0-5
33894004-2	2021	Messenger RNAs encoding CAPS1 are subject to a site-specific adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing event resulting in a glutamate-to-glycine (E-to-G) substitution in the C-terminal domain of the encoded protein product.	Adenosine	61-70	Ca2+-dependent secretion activator	Mus musculus	24-29
32667970-0	2021	Metformin directly suppresses atherosclerosis in normoglycemic mice via haematopoietic Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK).	Adenosine	87-96	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	137-141
33911021-8	2021	Here we demonstrate that astrocytes respond to IGF-I signaling, elevating their intracellular Ca2+ and stimulating the release of ATP/adenosine, which triggers the LTD of cortical inhibitory synapses, thus regulating the behavioral task performance related to cortical sensory information processing.	Adenosine	134-143	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	47-52
33863778-0	2021	Targeting adenosine with adenosine deaminase 2 to inhibit growth of solid tumors.	Adenosine	10-19	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	25-46
33863778-2	2021	Adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) converts adenosine into inosine.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	0-21
33863778-2	2021	Adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) converts adenosine into inosine.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	23-27
33863778-6	2021	In mice, PEGylated ADA2 (PEGADA2) inhibited tumor growth by targeting adenosine in an enzyme activity-dependent manner and thereby modulating immune responses.	Adenosine	70-79	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	19-23
33846709-1	2021	Cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element-binding protein-1 (CREB1)-regulated transcription coactivator-1 (CRTC1) is a cytoplasmic coactivator that translocates to the nucleus in response to cyclic adenosine monophosphate.	Adenosine	7-16	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	115-120
33846709-1	2021	Cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element-binding protein-1 (CREB1)-regulated transcription coactivator-1 (CRTC1) is a cytoplasmic coactivator that translocates to the nucleus in response to cyclic adenosine monophosphate.	Adenosine	206-215	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	115-120
33791800-1	2021	P2RX2 encodes the P2X2 receptor, which is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) gated (purinoreceptor) ion channel.	Adenosine	45-54	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 2	Mus musculus	0-5
34536555-5	2021	Hypoxia-induced extracellular adenosine (eADO) significantly enhanced pDC recruitment into tumors via the adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA1).	Adenosine	30-39	phosducin	Homo sapiens	70-73
34939388-0	2021	Anti-hypertensive and endothelia protective effects of Fufang Qima capsule on primary hypertension via adiponectin/adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase pathway.	Adenosine	115-124	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	103-114
33737640-5	2021	Furthermore, transcriptome detection, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry verification revealed that in thyroid tissue, the relative mRNA and protein expression of cyclic adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP response element-binding protein (Creb) were increased and the mRNA expression of S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) was decreased in the diosgenin groups.	Adenosine	168-177	S100 calcium binding protein A9	Rattus norvegicus	320-351
33737640-5	2021	Furthermore, transcriptome detection, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry verification revealed that in thyroid tissue, the relative mRNA and protein expression of cyclic adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP response element-binding protein (Creb) were increased and the mRNA expression of S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) was decreased in the diosgenin groups.	Adenosine	168-177	S100 calcium binding protein A9	Rattus norvegicus	353-359
33936858-7	2021	Redd1 reduced protein kinase A phosphorylation and suppressed cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) -responsive element-binding protein (CREB) binding to the cAMP regulatory element (CRE) in Ppargc1a-AP promoter, leading to Ppargc1a-AP inactivation.	Adenosine	69-78	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	191-199
33776926-3	2021	In benign cortisol-producing adrenocortical tumors and hyperplasias abnormal cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A signaling has been found to play a central role in tumorigenesis, with pathogenic variants in GNAS, PRKAR1A, PRKACA, PRKACB, PDE11A, and PDE8B being implicated.	Adenosine	84-93	protein kinase cAMP-dependent type I regulatory subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	225-232
33776926-3	2021	In benign cortisol-producing adrenocortical tumors and hyperplasias abnormal cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A signaling has been found to play a central role in tumorigenesis, with pathogenic variants in GNAS, PRKAR1A, PRKACA, PRKACB, PDE11A, and PDE8B being implicated.	Adenosine	84-93	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit beta	Homo sapiens	242-248
33776926-3	2021	In benign cortisol-producing adrenocortical tumors and hyperplasias abnormal cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A signaling has been found to play a central role in tumorigenesis, with pathogenic variants in GNAS, PRKAR1A, PRKACA, PRKACB, PDE11A, and PDE8B being implicated.	Adenosine	84-93	phosphodiesterase 11A	Homo sapiens	250-256
33776926-3	2021	In benign cortisol-producing adrenocortical tumors and hyperplasias abnormal cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A signaling has been found to play a central role in tumorigenesis, with pathogenic variants in GNAS, PRKAR1A, PRKACA, PRKACB, PDE11A, and PDE8B being implicated.	Adenosine	84-93	phosphodiesterase 8B	Homo sapiens	262-267
33706537-8	2021	In contrast, adenosine DeltaT1 was reduced compared with WT mice (3.88+-1.58) in both A2AAR-/- (1.63+-1.32, P<0.05) and A2BAR-/- (1.55+-1.35, P<0.05).	Adenosine	13-22	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	86-91
33732112-0	2021	Crosstalk Between ATP-P2X7 and Adenosine A2A Receptors Controlling Neuroinflammation in Rats Subject to Repeated Restraint Stress.	Adenosine	31-40	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	41-54
33732112-2	2021	Previous studies showed that ATP-P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) and adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) antagonists attenuate behavioral modifications upon exposure to repeated stress.	Adenosine	60-69	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	70-83
33747367-1	2021	The main anti-diabetic effect of metformin mediated through stimulation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis and triggering glucose uptake in skeletal muscles.	Adenosine	75-84	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	131-135
33669830-5	2021	Evidence has shown that Ca2+ influx through TRPC6 activates the cAMP (adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate) response element-binding protein (CREB), an important transcription factor linked to neuronal survival.	Adenosine	70-79	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 6	Homo sapiens	44-49
33242564-9	2021	Binding of dopamine to D2R inhibits the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway which ultimately decreases CREB phosphorylation during osteoclastogenesis.	Adenosine	47-56	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	23-26
33011075-3	2021	Recently, the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter ABCB5 has been shown to identify a novel dermal immunomodulatory MSC subpopulation.	Adenosine	14-23	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 5	Homo sapiens	66-71
33310138-6	2021	This review discusses the effect of Sesn2 on the redox signal, mainly via participation in the signaling pathway of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1.	Adenosine	175-184	sestrin 2	Homo sapiens	36-41
33301817-2	2021	We previously hypothesized that a balance between dopamine (DA) and adenosine signals regulates the PKA-Rap1 pathway in medium spiny neurons expressing DA D1 receptors (D1R-MSNs) or D2 receptors (D2R-MSNs) and demonstrated that the PKA-Rap1 pathway in D1R-MSNs is responsible for positive reinforcement.	Adenosine	68-77	RAS-related protein 1a	Mus musculus	104-108
33309808-6	2021	For in vitro analysis, BV-2 microglia cells with NEK7-siRNA were stimulated with 1mug/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 2mM Adenosine triphosphate (ATP).	Adenosine	122-131	NIMA (never in mitosis gene a)-related expressed kinase 7	Mus musculus	49-53
33309808-7	2021	RESULTS: Here, we found that the mRNA and protein levels of NEK7 and NLRP3 inflammasomes were upregulated in spinal cord tissues of injured mice and BV-2 microglia cells exposed to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP).	Adenosine	210-219	NIMA (never in mitosis gene a)-related expressed kinase 7	Mus musculus	60-64
33399453-7	2021	Key binding interactions of the known inhibitor adenosine-5"-(alpha,beta-methylene)diphosphate (AMPCP) with hCD73 provided the foundation for our early designs.	Adenosine	48-57	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	108-113
33416495-6	2021	Mechanistically, MTX attenuated cytokine-induced EC activation through a unique adenosine-adenosine receptor A3-SMAD3/4-MiR-181b signaling cascade.	Adenosine	80-89	SMAD family member 3	Mus musculus	112-117
33416495-6	2021	Mechanistically, MTX attenuated cytokine-induced EC activation through a unique adenosine-adenosine receptor A3-SMAD3/4-MiR-181b signaling cascade.	Adenosine	90-99	SMAD family member 3	Mus musculus	112-117
33416944-1	2021	INTRODUCTION: CD73 is a membrane-bound enzyme crucial in adenosine generation.	Adenosine	57-66	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	14-18
33416944-9	2021	Immune profiling demonstrated that T-cell inflammation and adenosine signatures were significantly higher in CD73-expressing lung adenocarcinomas relative to those lacking CD73.	Adenosine	59-68	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	109-113
33416945-2	2021	However, we do not know whether the adenosine pathway (CD39/CD73/A2AR) plays a role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).	Adenosine	36-45	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	60-64
33098857-2	2021	In inflammatory microenvironments, exogenous ATP (eATP) is hydrolyzed to adenosine, which exerts immunosuppressive effects, by the consecutive action of the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	73-82	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	184-188
33418913-4	2021	Recent data suggest that, among the potential mechanisms behind the lack of responsiveness or resistance to anti-PD-L1/PD-1 antibodies, the CD38 metabolic pathways involving the immune-suppressive factor, adenosine, could play an important role.	Adenosine	205-214	programmed cell death 1	Homo sapiens	119-123
33052430-3	2021	Extracellular adenosine level is controlled through the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT-1) and the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	14-23	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	56-94
33052430-3	2021	Extracellular adenosine level is controlled through the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT-1) and the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	14-23	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	96-101
33052430-4	2021	The aim of this study was to determine the control of adenosine blood level (ABL) via ENT-1 and ADA during apnoea-induced hypoxia in elite freedivers was similar to high-altitude adaptation.	Adenosine	54-63	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	86-91
34838121-13	2021	We discovered that cell-specific CD39 expression in macrophages and CD73 expression in HCC cells synergistically activated the eATP-adenosine pathway and produced more adenosine, thereby impairing CD8+ T cell function and driving anti-PD1 resistance.	Adenosine	132-141	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	33-37
32970335-1	2021	CD73 is an important ectoenzyme responsible for the production of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	80-89	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
34838121-13	2021	We discovered that cell-specific CD39 expression in macrophages and CD73 expression in HCC cells synergistically activated the eATP-adenosine pathway and produced more adenosine, thereby impairing CD8+ T cell function and driving anti-PD1 resistance.	Adenosine	168-177	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	33-37
34757706-1	2021	Sirt1, a member of the sirtuins family, is a nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase.	Adenosine	58-67	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
33205540-5	2021	Initially, we demonstrated that Wilms" tumor 1-associated protein (WTAP), a major RNA N6-adenosine methyltransferase, was obviously upregulated in human NKTCL cell lines (YTS and SNK-6 cells), compared with normal NK cells.	Adenosine	89-98	WT1 associated protein	Homo sapiens	32-65
33205540-5	2021	Initially, we demonstrated that Wilms" tumor 1-associated protein (WTAP), a major RNA N6-adenosine methyltransferase, was obviously upregulated in human NKTCL cell lines (YTS and SNK-6 cells), compared with normal NK cells.	Adenosine	89-98	WT1 associated protein	Homo sapiens	67-71
34534287-6	2021	We further examined the role of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) and its transcription factor cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive element-binding protein 1 (CREB) in the context of macrophage-mediated inflammation and established p38alphaMKOApoe-/- mice.	Adenosine	102-111	oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) dehydrogenase (lipoamide)	Mus musculus	32-58
32203145-4	2021	CD39 and CD73 convert extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into adenosine, a key player in Tregs" immunosuppression.	Adenosine	36-45	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	9-13
32203145-4	2021	CD39 and CD73 convert extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into adenosine, a key player in Tregs" immunosuppression.	Adenosine	70-79	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	9-13
34534287-6	2021	We further examined the role of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) and its transcription factor cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive element-binding protein 1 (CREB) in the context of macrophage-mediated inflammation and established p38alphaMKOApoe-/- mice.	Adenosine	102-111	oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) dehydrogenase (lipoamide)	Mus musculus	60-64
33129878-5	2021	Cyclic nucleotide-dependent manipulation of VASP Ser phosphorylation was performed with 8-bromoadenosine 3",5"-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP) or 8-chlorophenylthio 3",5"-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (8-CPT-cGMP).	Adenosine	95-104	vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein	Homo sapiens	44-48
34157791-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Testing for BRCA1/2 gene alterations in patients with high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is a critical determinant of treatment eligibility for poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors in addition to providing vital information for genetic counselling.	Adenosine	161-170	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	24-31
34339538-9	2021	Interestingly, among several adenosine (P1) receptor and ATP (P2) receptor genes, only the adenosine A2B receptor gene, Adora2b, was up-regulated in the course of development.	Adenosine	29-38	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	91-113
33390888-6	2020	While caffeine has complex pharmacological profiles, studies with genetic knockout mice have clearly revealed that caffeine"s action is largely mediated by the brain adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and confer neuroprotection by modulating neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity and mitochondrial function.	Adenosine	166-175	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	190-194
34339538-9	2021	Interestingly, among several adenosine (P1) receptor and ATP (P2) receptor genes, only the adenosine A2B receptor gene, Adora2b, was up-regulated in the course of development.	Adenosine	29-38	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	120-127
34777360-9	2021	Supplementing iPSCs and methylcellulose cultures with exogenous ADA, which can correct adenosine metabolism, reversed all abnormalities, cementing the critical role of ADA in neutrophil development.	Adenosine	87-96	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	64-67
33253521-2	2020	The majority of efforts to develop inhibitors of GSK3beta have been focused on developing small molecule inhibitors that compete with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through direct interaction with the ATP binding site.	Adenosine	134-143	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	49-57
33166411-4	2020	Here, using helicase and adenosine triphosphatase assays we show that a complex containing p44 and p62 enhances XPD"s affinity for dsDNA 3-fold over p44 alone.	Adenosine	25-34	interferon induced protein 44	Homo sapiens	91-94
34689162-9	2021	Deletion of sEH may preserve the expression of Sirt3, and thus maintain the mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and morphology, significantly suppressing VSMC calcification.	Adenosine	90-99	epoxide hydrolase 2, cytoplasmic	Mus musculus	12-15
33322215-8	2020	In contrast to in vitro studies, specific upregulation of ADO-related enzymes CD73 and CD39 in GLUT-1high tumor regions was never observed.	Adenosine	58-61	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	78-82
33298434-6	2020	Our study identifies cathD as a key lysosomal molecule that unconventionally contributes to actin cytoskeleton remodeling via cytosolic translocation during adenosine triphosphate-evoked microglia migration.	Adenosine	157-166	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	21-26
34657048-5	2021	Alterations in different DNA damage repair genes, including BRCA2, ATM, CDK12, or mismatch repair genes, are linked to favorable response to targeted therapies such as poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose)polymerase(PARP)inhibitors or immune checkpoint inhibitors.	Adenosine	173-182	BRCA2 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	60-65
34657048-5	2021	Alterations in different DNA damage repair genes, including BRCA2, ATM, CDK12, or mismatch repair genes, are linked to favorable response to targeted therapies such as poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose)polymerase(PARP)inhibitors or immune checkpoint inhibitors.	Adenosine	173-182	cyclin dependent kinase 12	Homo sapiens	72-77
34478713-4	2021	Utilising NAD+, the ecto-enzyme adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribosyl transferase 2.2 (ART2.2) catalyzes the addition of ADP-ribosyl groups onto arginine residues of CD8alpha or beta chains and alters the interaction between the MHC and TCR complexes.	Adenosine	32-41	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	164-172
34478713-4	2021	Utilising NAD+, the ecto-enzyme adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribosyl transferase 2.2 (ART2.2) catalyzes the addition of ADP-ribosyl groups onto arginine residues of CD8alpha or beta chains and alters the interaction between the MHC and TCR complexes.	Adenosine	32-41	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	227-230
34540999-1	2021	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha/gamma-adenosine 5"-monophosphate- (AMP-) activated protein kinase- (AMPK-) sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) pathway and fatty acid metabolism are reported to be involved in influenza A virus (IAV) replication and IAV-pneumonia.	Adenosine	66-75	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	146-151
34577590-6	2021	Metformin, a first line antihyperglycemic medication, is a 5"-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator hypothesized to act as a geroprotective agent.	Adenosine	62-71	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	118-122
34425696-1	2021	The methylation of RNA at the N6 position of adenosine (m6A) orchestrates multiple biological processes to control development, differentiation, and cell cycle, as well as various aspects of the virus life cycle.	Adenosine	45-54	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	56-59
34435233-2	2021	ATP meets all requisite criteria to be considered a neurotransmitter: (1) presence in taste cells, as in all cells; (2) release upon appropriate taste stimulation; (3) binding to cognate purinergic receptors P2X2 and P2X3 on gustatory afferent neurons, and (4) after release, enzymatic degradation to adenosine and other nucleotides by the ectonucleotidase, NTPDase2, expressed on the Type I, glial-like cells in the taste bud.	Adenosine	301-310	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	358-366
33296647-1	2020	Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP)-AMP synthase (cGAS), upon sensing cytosolic DNA, catalyzes the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP), which activates STING-TBK1-IRF3 signaling.	Adenosine	145-154	interferon regulatory factor 3	Homo sapiens	205-209
33488292-10	2020	These results suggest that persistent infection by HR-HPV and the concomitant production of TGF-beta promote the expression of CD39 and CD73 to favor CC progression through Ado generation.	Adenosine	173-176	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	92-100
33488292-10	2020	These results suggest that persistent infection by HR-HPV and the concomitant production of TGF-beta promote the expression of CD39 and CD73 to favor CC progression through Ado generation.	Adenosine	173-176	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	136-140
34404721-1	2021	The ABCG1 homodimer (G1) and ABCG5-ABCG8 heterodimer (G5G8), two members of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter G family, are required for maintenance of cellular cholesterol levels.	Adenosine	80-89	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 8	Homo sapiens	35-40
33135478-0	2020	Inhibiting 15-PGDH prevents ischemic renal injury by PGE2/EP4 signaling pathway mediating vasodilation, increased renal blood flow, and increased adenosine/A2A.	Adenosine	146-155	hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15 (NAD)	Mus musculus	11-18
34901547-5	2022	The integrated GOD effectively catalyzes the depletion of glucose for reducing the supplies of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and subsequent down-regulation of HSP expression.	Adenosine	95-104	heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	158-161
33166836-4	2020	Using quantification of nitrite levels, RT-PCR analysis and RNA interference we demonstrate that adenosine A1 (A1R) and A2a receptor (A2aR) agonists induce a concentration-dependent decrease and increase of nitrite and nNOS mRNA levels in cultured cells from WKY and SHR, respectively.	Adenosine	97-106	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	134-138
34445661-4	2021	Both OA and RA cells expressed CD39 (converts ATP to AMP), CD73 (converts AMP to adenosine), ADA (converts adenosine to inosine), ENT1/2 (adenosine transporters), all AR subtypes (A1, A2A, A2B and A3) and synthesized predominantly adenosine.	Adenosine	107-116	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	93-96
32969084-2	2020	Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important therapeutic target because it is a cellular metabolism energy sensor and key signaling kinase in spermatozoa.	Adenosine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	56-60
34445661-8	2021	Taken together, OA and RA synoviocytes express the complete enzymatic machinery to synthesize adenosine/inosine; however, mainly adenosine is responsible for the anti- (IL-6 and IL-10) or pro-inflammatory (TNF) effects mediated by A2A- and A2BAR.	Adenosine	129-138	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	178-183
34421595-9	2021	Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), glutamine and guanine levels significantly increased in KKU213 cells while guanine and xanthine levels remarkably increased in KKU055 cells showing a marked difference between the control and FASN knockdown groups.	Adenosine	0-9	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	221-225
33025424-7	2020	Adenosine A2ARs are involved in this likely pre-synaptic action since the effect of caffeine was mimicked by the A2AR antagonist, SCH58261 (50 nM).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	10-14
34325767-7	2022	Moreover, in cases with fetal brain-sparing, we observed statistically significant hypermethylation at a binding site for cyclic adenosine monophophate response element binding protein (CREB) of BDNF promoter exon 4 and hypomethylation at an HRE located within the NTRK2 promoter (both p <0.05).	Adenosine	129-138	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	186-190
33222670-4	2021	Adenosine nucleoside, which is a derivative of ATP, is highly elevated in the tumor microenvironment by CD39 and CD73 enzymatic activity.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	113-117
33222670-5	2021	Recently, it is distinguished that cancer cellderived exosomes carry CD39 and CD73 on their surface and may contribute to rising adenosine levels in the tumor microenvironment.	Adenosine	129-138	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	78-82
34325767-7	2022	Moreover, in cases with fetal brain-sparing, we observed statistically significant hypermethylation at a binding site for cyclic adenosine monophophate response element binding protein (CREB) of BDNF promoter exon 4 and hypomethylation at an HRE located within the NTRK2 promoter (both p <0.05).	Adenosine	129-138	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	195-199
32553948-1	2020	Overexpression of adenosine in the tumor region leads to suppression of various immune cells, particularly T cells through ligation with adenosine 2a receptor (A2aR).	Adenosine	18-27	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	137-158
32553948-1	2020	Overexpression of adenosine in the tumor region leads to suppression of various immune cells, particularly T cells through ligation with adenosine 2a receptor (A2aR).	Adenosine	18-27	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	160-164
34320948-6	2021	Interestingly, modifying the metabolic environmental conditions through the use of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carbox-amide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an activator of the 5"-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), specifically reduced the growth of hybrids, and also abrogated the invasive capacity of hybrids displaying enhanced glycolysis.	Adenosine	171-180	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	227-231
32394183-4	2020	Selectively reconstructing bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) A2AR (WT   KO group) and activated total adenosine A2AR with CGS21680 (CCH + CGS group) improved the cognitive related index.	Adenosine	102-111	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	112-116
32394183-6	2020	On the contrary, selective inactivation of adenosine A2AR (KO   WT group) and activation of non-BMDC A2AR with CGS21680 (KO   WT + CGS group) served the opposite effects.	Adenosine	43-52	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	53-57
34319598-0	2022	RNA editing enzyme adenosine deaminases acting on RNA 1 deficiency increases the sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells to anlotinib by regulating CX3CR1-fractalkine expression.	Adenosine	19-28	C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	156-162
33072107-1	2020	The ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73 play a major role in controlling tissue inflammation by regulating the balance between adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine.	Adenosine	117-126	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	25-29
33072107-1	2020	The ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73 play a major role in controlling tissue inflammation by regulating the balance between adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine.	Adenosine	150-159	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	25-29
34302581-9	2022	It mainly includes many pathways related to lipid metabolism such as Adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Rap1, cAMP, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Ras, hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), PI3K-Akt, insulin signaling and so on.	Adenosine	69-78	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	128-132
32943546-4	2020	We developed two novel series of CD73 antibody Ab001/Ab002 and humanized version Hu001/Hu0002, which demonstrated high CD73 binding affinity, potent enzyme inhibition and efficiently protected effector T lymphocyte function from adenosine/cancer-imposed toxicity.	Adenosine	229-238	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	33-37
34301999-2	2021	Adenosine deaminase (ADA), a risk factor in RA, degrades adenosine, an anti-inflammatory molecule, resulting in an inflammatory bias.	Adenosine	57-66	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
32611235-2	2020	In human macrophages in vitro, heme activates an adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase / activating transcription factor 1 (AMPK/ATF1) pathway that directs Mhem macrophages through coregulation of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1, HO-1) and lipid homeostasis genes.	Adenosine	49-58	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	135-139
34301999-2	2021	Adenosine deaminase (ADA), a risk factor in RA, degrades adenosine, an anti-inflammatory molecule, resulting in an inflammatory bias.	Adenosine	57-66	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
34260389-7	2021	However, compared to no treatment, the addition of DNase-I was sufficient to cleave ATP and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in adenosine.	Adenosine	92-101	deoxyribonuclease I	Mus musculus	51-58
33013365-2	2020	They increase the extracellular concentration of immunostimulatory ATP and reduce the formation of AMP, which can be further hydrolyzed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to immunosuppressive, cancer-promoting adenosine.	Adenosine	206-215	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	139-159
33013365-2	2020	They increase the extracellular concentration of immunostimulatory ATP and reduce the formation of AMP, which can be further hydrolyzed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to immunosuppressive, cancer-promoting adenosine.	Adenosine	206-215	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	161-165
34260389-7	2021	However, compared to no treatment, the addition of DNase-I was sufficient to cleave ATP and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in adenosine.	Adenosine	123-132	deoxyribonuclease I	Mus musculus	51-58
34260389-10	2021	Treatment with DNase-I induces the hydrolysis of ATP and ADP, leading to the generation of adenosine and the inhibition of thrombus formation in vivo.	Adenosine	91-100	deoxyribonuclease I	Mus musculus	15-22
34430447-1	2021	Menkes disease (MD) is a rare congenital copper deficiency disease caused by an adenosine triphosphatase copper transporting alpha (ATP7A) gene mutation.	Adenosine	80-89	ATPase copper transporting alpha	Homo sapiens	132-137
32721947-6	2020	RESULTS: In glioma patients, the adenosine-CD73-CD39 immune suppressive pathway was most frequently expressed, followed by PD-1.	Adenosine	33-42	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	43-47
32721947-6	2020	RESULTS: In glioma patients, the adenosine-CD73-CD39 immune suppressive pathway was most frequently expressed, followed by PD-1.	Adenosine	33-42	programmed cell death 1	Homo sapiens	123-127
34198681-0	2021	Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Eliminates Sex Differences in Estradiol-Induced Elastin Production from Engineered Dermal Substitutes.	Adenosine	7-16	elastin	Homo sapiens	79-86
32641760-3	2020	The functional activities of ectonucleotidases such as CD39 and CD73, which hydrolyse pro-inflammatory ATP to generate immunosuppressive adenosine, are therefore pivotal in acute inflammation.	Adenosine	137-146	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	64-68
34070360-3	2021	The mitochondrial energy metabolism and cell proliferation markers, cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1) and Ki67, were enhanced by adenosine and cordycepin in cultured dermal fibroblasts.	Adenosine	145-154	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	68-109
32577957-5	2020	Alternatively, ATP released at acupoints by AP/EAP may be enzymatically degraded to adenosine, stimulating in loco presynaptic A1Rs exerting an inhibitory influence on the primary afferent fibers (the above mentioned pain-sensing peripheral terminals of DRG neurons) which thereby fail to conduct action potentials to the spinal cord dorsal horn.	Adenosine	84-93	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	44-50
32577957-6	2020	The net effect of the stimulation of P2X3, P2X4, P2X7, and A1Rs by the AP/EAP-induced release of ATP/adenosine at certain acupoints will be analgesia.	Adenosine	101-110	purinergic receptor P2X 3	Homo sapiens	37-41
32577957-6	2020	The net effect of the stimulation of P2X3, P2X4, P2X7, and A1Rs by the AP/EAP-induced release of ATP/adenosine at certain acupoints will be analgesia.	Adenosine	101-110	purinergic receptor P2X 4	Homo sapiens	43-47
34070360-3	2021	The mitochondrial energy metabolism and cell proliferation markers, cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1) and Ki67, were enhanced by adenosine and cordycepin in cultured dermal fibroblasts.	Adenosine	145-154	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	111-116
32577957-6	2020	The net effect of the stimulation of P2X3, P2X4, P2X7, and A1Rs by the AP/EAP-induced release of ATP/adenosine at certain acupoints will be analgesia.	Adenosine	101-110	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	71-77
34069548-1	2021	The G protein-coupled adenosine A2B receptor is suggested to be involved in various pathological processes accompanied by increased levels of adenosine as found in inflammation, hypoxia, and cancer.	Adenosine	142-151	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	22-44
32497962-2	2020	As significant contributors that cause MDR, ABC superfamily proteins can transport the chemotherapeutic drugs out of the tumor cells by the energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis, thereby reducing their intracellular accumulation.	Adenosine	150-159	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group)	Homo sapiens	44-47
34069548-6	2021	Both compounds showed high affinity towards the adenosine A2B receptor (Ki (5) = 9.97 +- 0.86 nM; Ki (6) = 12.3 +- 3.6 nM) with moderate selectivity versus the other adenosine receptor subtypes.	Adenosine	166-175	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	48-70
32352607-1	2020	OBJECTIVE: Inhibition of adenosine kinase (ADK), via augmenting endogenous adenosine levels exerts cardiovascular protection.	Adenosine	25-34	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	43-46
35597097-4	2022	A structural model reproducibly predicted a binding mode where the pyrrolo pyrimidine forms a hydrogen bonding network with Asp22 and the amide backbone NH of Ile23 in the adenosine binding pocket and the carboxylate forms hydrogen bonds to the amide backbone of Phe157 and Asp156, part of the oxyanion subsite of Mac1.	Adenosine	172-181	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	314-318
35523052-7	2022	From the light transmission aggregometry analysis, it was found that the maximal extent of aggregation for adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was significantly higher with dabigatran than with FXa inhibitors, and the ED50 value of ADP on platelet aggregation was significantly lower with dabigatran than with FXa inhibitors.	Adenosine	107-116	coagulation factor X	Homo sapiens	186-189
32752089-0	2020	Adenosine Receptor Agonists Increase the Inhibition of Platelet Function by P2Y12 Antagonists in a cAMP- and Calcium-Dependent Manner.	Adenosine	0-9	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	76-81
32719099-0	2021	Biallelic variants in ADARB1, encoding a dsRNA-specific adenosine deaminase, cause a severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.	Adenosine	56-65	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	22-28
35523052-7	2022	From the light transmission aggregometry analysis, it was found that the maximal extent of aggregation for adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was significantly higher with dabigatran than with FXa inhibitors, and the ED50 value of ADP on platelet aggregation was significantly lower with dabigatran than with FXa inhibitors.	Adenosine	107-116	coagulation factor X	Homo sapiens	302-305
32719099-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing is a co-transcriptional/post-transcriptional modification of double-stranded RNA, catalysed by one of two active adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs), ADAR1 and ADAR2.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	212-217
35508185-4	2022	The most common RNA modification is methylation of N6-adenosine deposited by the m6A methyltransferase complex (METTL3/14/16, WTAP, KIAA1429, and RBM15/15B), erased by demethylases (FTO and ALKBH5), and recognized by binding proteins (e.g., YTHDF1/2/3, YTHDC1/2, IGF2BP1/2/3, etc.).	Adenosine	54-63	insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	263-274
32719099-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing is a co-transcriptional/post-transcriptional modification of double-stranded RNA, catalysed by one of two active adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs), ADAR1 and ADAR2.	Adenosine	158-167	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	212-217
35508185-5	2022	Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is another abundant editing event converting adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA regions through the action of the adenosine deaminase (ADAR) proteins.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	165-184
35508185-5	2022	Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is another abundant editing event converting adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA regions through the action of the adenosine deaminase (ADAR) proteins.	Adenosine	87-96	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	165-184
35634433-0	2022	Design, synthesis and evaluation of amino-3,5-dicyanopyridines and thieno(2,3-b)pyridines as ligands of adenosine A1 receptors for the potential treatment of epilepsy.	Adenosine	104-113	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A6	Rattus norvegicus	114-116
33230433-7	2020	TLR2 knockdown or miR-410-3p overexpression was found to alleviate mitochondrial membrane damage and mitochondrial swelling, in addition to augmenting the levels of adenosine triphosphate, mitochondrial membrane potential, and the expression levels of CCL7, CCL5, CXCL1, and CXCL9 in vivo and in vitro.	Adenosine	165-174	toll-like receptor 2	Mus musculus	0-4
32707767-8	2020	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stimulated cell migration via P2X7/P2X4, and caused HMGB1 release via P2X7 in RAW264.7 cells, which was dependent on p38MAPK/NF-kappaB signaling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation.	Adenosine	0-9	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	81-86
32707767-8	2020	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stimulated cell migration via P2X7/P2X4, and caused HMGB1 release via P2X7 in RAW264.7 cells, which was dependent on p38MAPK/NF-kappaB signaling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation.	Adenosine	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	146-153
35410483-12	2022	Adenosine supplementation activated AMPK and abolished SAHH deficiency-induced expression of H19 and Runx2 and osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs.	Adenosine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	36-40
35410483-13	2022	Finally, AMPK activation by adenosine inhibited H19 expression by inducing Sirt1-mediated histone H3 hypoacetylation and DNMT3b-mediated hypermethylation of the H19 promoter in SAHH deficiency VSMCs.	Adenosine	28-37	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	9-13
35410483-13	2022	Finally, AMPK activation by adenosine inhibited H19 expression by inducing Sirt1-mediated histone H3 hypoacetylation and DNMT3b-mediated hypermethylation of the H19 promoter in SAHH deficiency VSMCs.	Adenosine	28-37	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	75-80
35553626-7	2022	Consistently, the IL-17RE+ Th17 subset produced more adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) than IL-17RE- Th17 subset.	Adenosine	53-62	interleukin 17 receptor E	Homo sapiens	18-25
32324387-5	2020	Furthermore, the arsenite-elicited diminutions in ubiquitinations of RPS10 and RPS20 gave rise to augmented read-through of poly(adenosine)-containing stalling sequences, which was abolished in ZNF598 knockout cells.	Adenosine	129-138	ribosomal protein S10	Homo sapiens	69-74
35535955-5	2022	Meanwhile, the increased temperature enhances the catalytic activity of GOx, thus impeding the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and inhibiting HSP expression.	Adenosine	109-118	hydroxyacid oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	72-75
32679729-1	2020	Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is in charge of numerous catabolic and anabolic signaling pathways to sustain appropriate intracellular adenosine triphosphate levels in response to energetic and/or cellular stress.	Adenosine	160-169	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	0-48
32679729-1	2020	Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is in charge of numerous catabolic and anabolic signaling pathways to sustain appropriate intracellular adenosine triphosphate levels in response to energetic and/or cellular stress.	Adenosine	160-169	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	50-54
32760402-4	2020	Indeed, besides immune checkpoint receptors and their ligands, other mechanisms inducing immunosuppression and including adenosine produced by ecto-nucleotidases CD39 and CD73 contribute to lung tumorigenesis and progression.	Adenosine	121-130	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	171-175
35427270-5	2022	METHODS: In cells stably expressing mu-opioid receptor (MOR), delta-opioid receptor (DOR), and kappa-opioid receptor (KOR), G protein-mediated pathways were assessed using the CellKey and an intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) assay, while beta-arrestin-mediated pathways were analyzed with beta-arrestin recruitment and receptor internalization assays.	Adenosine	212-221	opioid receptor, kappa 1	Mus musculus	118-121
32432925-0	2020	Extracellular adenosine enhances pulmonary artery vasa vasorum endothelial cell barrier function via Gi/ELMO1/Rac1/PKA-dependent signaling mechanisms.	Adenosine	14-23	engulfment and cell motility 1	Bos taurus	104-109
32432925-0	2020	Extracellular adenosine enhances pulmonary artery vasa vasorum endothelial cell barrier function via Gi/ELMO1/Rac1/PKA-dependent signaling mechanisms.	Adenosine	14-23	Rac family small GTPase 1	Bos taurus	110-114
32432925-3	2020	Extracellular adenosine was shown to exhibit a barrier-protective effect on VV endothelial cells (VVEC) via cAMP-independent mechanisms, which involved adenosine A1 receptor-mediated activation of Gi-phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt pathway and actin cytoskeleton remodeling.	Adenosine	14-23	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Bos taurus	226-229
32289379-3	2020	We evaluated the role of TGF-beta on NT5E gene expression coding for the ecto-5`-nucleotidase CD73, the limiting enzyme in extracellular adenosine production.	Adenosine	137-146	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	37-41
35593197-8	2022	We showed that the adenosine triphosphate-P2X7 pathway regulated the hepatic PANX1-IL-33 axis during endotoxemia in vitro and in vivo.	Adenosine	19-28	interleukin 33	Mus musculus	83-88
32289379-3	2020	We evaluated the role of TGF-beta on NT5E gene expression coding for the ecto-5`-nucleotidase CD73, the limiting enzyme in extracellular adenosine production.	Adenosine	137-146	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	73-93
32289379-3	2020	We evaluated the role of TGF-beta on NT5E gene expression coding for the ecto-5`-nucleotidase CD73, the limiting enzyme in extracellular adenosine production.	Adenosine	137-146	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	94-98
35367412-0	2022	Cathepsin D interacts with adenosine A2A receptors in mouse macrophages to modulate cell surface localization and inflammatory signaling.	Adenosine	27-36	cathepsin D	Mus musculus	0-11
32181500-1	2020	AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) is phosphorylated (AMPK-P) in response to low energy through allosteric activation by Adenosine mono- or diphosphate (AMP/ADP).	Adenosine	142-151	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
32181500-1	2020	AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) is phosphorylated (AMPK-P) in response to low energy through allosteric activation by Adenosine mono- or diphosphate (AMP/ADP).	Adenosine	142-151	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	6-54
35367412-10	2022	In summary, we conclude that CtsD is a novel A2AR interacting partner, and thus describe molecular and functional interplay that may be crucial for adenosine-mediated macrophage regulation in inflammatory processes.	Adenosine	148-157	cathepsin D	Mus musculus	29-33
32181500-1	2020	AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) is phosphorylated (AMPK-P) in response to low energy through allosteric activation by Adenosine mono- or diphosphate (AMP/ADP).	Adenosine	142-151	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	75-79
35559231-6	2022	Through DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity assay, analysis of the global DNA methylation, and the histone modification profiles, we demonstrated that the modified adenosines behave similar to 5-AZA-dC, known DNMT inhibitor.	Adenosine	166-176	DNA methyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	8-29
32266820-1	2020	CD73 is a membrane-bound enzyme that catalyzes the extracellular conversion of adenosine monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	79-88	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
35403872-0	2022	The E3 ubiquitin ligase SMURF2 stabilizes RNA editase ADAR1p110 and promotes its adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing function.	Adenosine	81-90	SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2	Homo sapiens	4-30
32313990-7	2020	By contrast, the ecto-phosphodiesterase inhibitor DPSPX (1,3-dipropyl-8-sulfophenylxanthine) and the CD73 ecto-5"-nucleotidase inhibitor AMP-CP (adenosine 5"-(alpha,beta-methylene)diphosphate) were not protective.	Adenosine	145-154	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	101-105
35041190-0	2022	Upregulation of Src Family Tyrosine Kinases in the Rat Striatum by Adenosine A2A Receptors.	Adenosine	67-76	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
32566028-1	2020	The present study aimed to analyze the expression levels of adenosine diphosphate ribosylation factor guanylate kinase 1 (ASAP1) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in gastric cancer (GC) tissues in order to explore their association with clinicopathological features and prognosis.	Adenosine	60-69	guanylate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	102-120
35361255-1	2022	The adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily A member 7 gene (ABCA7) is associated with Alzheimer"s disease (AD) in large genome-wide association studies.	Adenosine	4-13	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 7	Homo sapiens	71-76
32452425-4	2020	PF adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) levels were significantly lower in anergic TPE patients than in non-anergic TPE patients (p = 0.048).	Adenosine	3-12	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	26-30
35386701-2	2022	Adenosine binding to the A2AR receptor activates the typical G protein and triggers the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	97-101
35242239-8	2022	Moreover, silencing RIG-I inhibited glucose metabolism by decreasing extracellular acidification rate, lactate production, adenosine triphosphate, and content of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha and pyruvate kinase isoform.	Adenosine	123-132	DEAD/H box helicase 58	Mus musculus	20-25
32432317-3	2020	Hence, this study was conducted to clarify the functional relevance of miR-497-195 cluster in OPLL, which may implicate in Adenosine A2A (ADORA2A).	Adenosine	123-132	microRNA 497	Homo sapiens	71-78
32312837-0	2020	Myeloid cell-derived TGF-beta signaling regulates ECM deposition in mammary carcinoma via adenosine-dependent mechanisms.	Adenosine	90-99	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	21-29
35222366-11	2022	Mechanistically, adenosine receptor signals enhanced the association of AUF1s with the Vegfa, Il12b, and Tnf mRNAs to differentially regulate and facilitate the pro-angiogenic switch.	Adenosine	17-26	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	87-92
32312837-2	2020	We previously demonstrated that TGFbeta signaling on myeloid cells regulates expression of CD73, a key enzyme for production of adenosine, a pro-tumorigenic metabolite implicated in regulation of tumor cell behaviors, immune response, and angiogenesis.	Adenosine	128-137	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	32-39
32312837-2	2020	We previously demonstrated that TGFbeta signaling on myeloid cells regulates expression of CD73, a key enzyme for production of adenosine, a pro-tumorigenic metabolite implicated in regulation of tumor cell behaviors, immune response, and angiogenesis.	Adenosine	128-137	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	91-95
35222366-11	2022	Mechanistically, adenosine receptor signals enhanced the association of AUF1s with the Vegfa, Il12b, and Tnf mRNAs to differentially regulate and facilitate the pro-angiogenic switch.	Adenosine	17-26	interleukin 12b	Mus musculus	94-99
32595514-5	2020	Furthermore, to interfere with the endogenous adenosine release, the ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) inhibitor was applied [5"-(alpha,beta-methylene) diphosphate sodium salt (AMPCP), 500 muM].	Adenosine	46-55	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	69-89
35203270-1	2022	ABCB4, is an adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporter localized at the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes, where it mediates phosphatidylcholine secretion into bile.	Adenosine	13-22	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
32595514-5	2020	Furthermore, to interfere with the endogenous adenosine release, the ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) inhibitor was applied [5"-(alpha,beta-methylene) diphosphate sodium salt (AMPCP), 500 muM].	Adenosine	46-55	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	91-95
32595514-8	2020	PSB36 prolonged APD90 and ERP in rat atria, and CD73 inhibition with AMPCP prolonged ERP in rats, confirming that endogenously produced amount of adenosine is sufficiently high to alter atrial electrophysiology.	Adenosine	146-155	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
32450899-2	2020	In this study, we investigated the role of connexin43 (Cx43) hemichannel-mediated adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release in purinergic-mediated disassembly of adherens and tight junction complexes in early tubular injury.	Adenosine	82-91	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	43-53
32450899-2	2020	In this study, we investigated the role of connexin43 (Cx43) hemichannel-mediated adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release in purinergic-mediated disassembly of adherens and tight junction complexes in early tubular injury.	Adenosine	82-91	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	55-59
32434995-4	2020	Unbiased high-throughput metabolic profiling coupled with in vitro and in vivo flux analyses with isotopically labeled tracers led us to discover that maternal eENT1-dependent adenosine uptake is critical in activating AMPK by controlling the AMP/ATP ratio and its downstream target, bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM); in turn, BPGM mediates 2,3-BPG production, which enhances O2 delivery to maintain placental oxygenation.	Adenosine	176-185	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	219-223
35129068-7	2022	Moreover, the expressions of apoptosis- and formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) receptors and the adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway-related proteins were determined with Western blot., related proteins and proteins.	Adenosine	95-104	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	154-158
32070750-2	2020	N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) is one of the most abundant modifications on mRNA, it is unclear yet how m6A epitranscriptome response to stimulation of TGFbeta.	Adenosine	10-19	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	147-154
32409420-11	2020	A CD39 inhibitor, POM-1, and an anti-CD73 antibody inhibited adenosine production and reduced T-cell suppression in vitro in coculture of myeloma and stromal cells.	Adenosine	61-70	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	37-41
35135866-4	2022	Adenosine receptor (eg, A2AR, A2BR) stimulation of both the innate and adaptive cellular precursors lead to immunosuppressive phenotypic differentiation.	Adenosine	0-9	podocalyxin like 2	Homo sapiens	20-22
32409420-12	2020	Blocking the adenosine pathway in vivo with a combination of Sodium polyoxotungstate (POM-1), anti-CD73, and the A2AR antagonist AZD4635 activated immune cells, increased interferon gamma production, and reduced the tumor load in a murine model of MM.	Adenosine	13-22	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	113-117
34908152-5	2022	Additionally, the methyltransferase heterodimer selectively methylated adenosines close to the rG4 sequences.	Adenosine	71-81	G4 protein	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
32432410-0	2020	Maternal high salt diet altered Adenosine-mediated vasodilatation via PKA/BK channel pathway in offspring rats.	Adenosine	32-41	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
32365642-7	2020	The function of microglia is regulated by a whole array of purinergic receptors classified as P2Y12, P2Y6, P2Y4, P2X4, P2X7, A2A, and A3, as targets of endogenous ATP, ADP, or adenosine.	Adenosine	176-185	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	94-99
34968169-9	2022	In addition, etomidate caused the activation of Adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), along with upregulated expression levels of phosphorylated AMPKalpha and phosphorylated acetyl-Co A carboxylase (ACC).	Adenosine	48-57	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	107-111
2487116-3	1989	In mammalian retina, cell bodies that are strongly labeled for adenosine-like immunoreactivity (ALIR) have been localized to the ganglion cell layer (GCL) (Braas et al., 1987; Blazynski et al., 1989).	Adenosine	63-72	germ cell-less 2, spermatogenesis associated	Homo sapiens	150-153
2819081-0	1989	NMR and computational characterization of the N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)aminofluorene adduct [(AF)G] opposite adenosine in DNA: (AF)G[syn].A[anti] pair formation and its pH dependence.	Adenosine	106-115	synemin	Homo sapiens	130-133
2484632-4	1989	Protonation of adenosine considerably reduces its self-stacking tendency: this is different with ATP4-, where a maximum is reached for H2(ATP)2- caused by additional ionic interactions in the [H2(ATP)]2(4-) dimer.	Adenosine	15-24	relaxin 2	Homo sapiens	135-143
32354179-4	2020	Using fluorescence based-techniques, we compared binding affinities of the full-length and N-terminally truncated forms of APE1 (APE1NDelta35 and APE1NDelta61) for functionally and structurally different DNA polymerase beta (Polbeta), X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1), and poly(adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), in the absence and presence of model DNA intermediates.	Adenosine	296-305	apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	123-127
32314960-5	2020	Transcripts of scyl-1 are greatly decreased in adr-1 mutants due to deficient RNA editing at a single adenosine in their 3"-UTR.	Adenosine	102-111	SCY1 like pseudokinase 1	Homo sapiens	15-21
32083657-5	2020	The thus produced tRNAValAAC is substrate of the human tRNA ADAT2/3 enzyme and we confirm the deamination of adenosine to inosine and the formation of tRNAValIACin vitro by ON-MS.	Adenosine	109-118	adenosine deaminase tRNA specific 2	Homo sapiens	60-65
2672469-0	1989	Adenosine deaminase for removing adenosine: how much is enough?	Adenosine	33-42	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
32494624-2	2020	We used an "in situ" approach to identify CDK2 substrates within nuclei isolated from cells expressing CDK2 engineered to use adenosine 5"-triphosphate analogs.	Adenosine	126-135	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	42-46
32494624-2	2020	We used an "in situ" approach to identify CDK2 substrates within nuclei isolated from cells expressing CDK2 engineered to use adenosine 5"-triphosphate analogs.	Adenosine	126-135	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	103-107
2547896-4	1989	These isomers presumably represent syn- and anti-arrangement of coordinated water and adenosine.	Adenosine	86-95	synemin	Homo sapiens	35-38
32280302-2	2020	The concentrations of eATP and ADO in tumor microenvironment (TME) are controlled by ectonucleotidases, such as CD39 and CD73, the major ecto-enzymes expressed on immune cells, endothelial cells and cancer cells.	Adenosine	31-34	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	121-125
2499406-1	1989	Immunohistochemical localization of adenosine deaminase (ADA), marker for the putative neurotransmitter/neuromodulator adenosine, has revealed a population of ADA-positive neurons in the ventrolateral hypothalamus in the rat brain.	Adenosine	36-45	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
31721163-0	2020	beta3 adrenoceptor-induced cholinergic bladder inhibition involves EPAC1 and PKC favoring ENT1-mediated adenosine outflow from the human and rat detrusor.	Adenosine	104-113	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	90-94
2499406-1	1989	Immunohistochemical localization of adenosine deaminase (ADA), marker for the putative neurotransmitter/neuromodulator adenosine, has revealed a population of ADA-positive neurons in the ventrolateral hypothalamus in the rat brain.	Adenosine	36-45	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	159-162
2483929-10	1989	Adenosine deaminase was weakly permissive, presumably through destruction of adenosine.	Adenosine	77-86	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
32061060-1	2020	BACKGROUND: CD73 induces the dephosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate converting it to adenosine, enabling malignancies to escape from immune surveillance.	Adenosine	50-59	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	12-16
2583595-0	1989	Relationship between adenosine deaminase activity (ADA) and inosinemonophosphate (IMP) accumulation in fresh erythrocytes incubated with adenosine and dipyridamole.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	51-54
32284765-1	2020	Accumulated extracellular adenosine suppresses antitumor immunity via adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR).	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	70-91
32284765-1	2020	Accumulated extracellular adenosine suppresses antitumor immunity via adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR).	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	93-97
32284765-2	2020	Blockade of A2AR with DZD2269 can inhibit phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein mediated by adenosine analogue in vitro and in vivo.	Adenosine	111-120	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	12-16
32273831-1	2020	Adenosine deaminase acting on double-stranded RNA 1 (ADAR1) mediates adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing events.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	53-58
32273831-1	2020	Adenosine deaminase acting on double-stranded RNA 1 (ADAR1) mediates adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing events.	Adenosine	69-78	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	53-58
32205841-1	2020	Tumor microenvironment plays vital roles in shaping cancer diversity, and CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase; NT5E) is an emerging immune checkpoint in modulating cancer progression via conversion of immunostimulatory ATP into immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	237-246	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	74-78
32205841-1	2020	Tumor microenvironment plays vital roles in shaping cancer diversity, and CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase; NT5E) is an emerging immune checkpoint in modulating cancer progression via conversion of immunostimulatory ATP into immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	237-246	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	80-100
32205841-1	2020	Tumor microenvironment plays vital roles in shaping cancer diversity, and CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase; NT5E) is an emerging immune checkpoint in modulating cancer progression via conversion of immunostimulatory ATP into immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	237-246	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	102-106
32258062-1	2020	Background: Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is a double-stranded RNA-editing enzyme that is involved in several functions including the deamination of adenosine to inosine, RNA interference (RNAi) mechanisms and microRNA (miRNA) processing, rendering ADAR1 essential for life.	Adenosine	163-172	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	12-47
2912887-6	1989	Since the deamination of adenosine to inosine associated with ADA2-1 phenotype is slower than that associated with ADA1, the interaction of ADA on ACP1 activity may in fact be explained by a lower intracellular concentration of inosine in ADA2 carriers and, therefore, by a lower modulating effect of this on acid phosphatase activity.	Adenosine	25-34	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	62-65
32258062-1	2020	Background: Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is a double-stranded RNA-editing enzyme that is involved in several functions including the deamination of adenosine to inosine, RNA interference (RNAi) mechanisms and microRNA (miRNA) processing, rendering ADAR1 essential for life.	Adenosine	163-172	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	49-54
32258062-1	2020	Background: Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is a double-stranded RNA-editing enzyme that is involved in several functions including the deamination of adenosine to inosine, RNA interference (RNAi) mechanisms and microRNA (miRNA) processing, rendering ADAR1 essential for life.	Adenosine	163-172	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	263-268
2912887-6	1989	Since the deamination of adenosine to inosine associated with ADA2-1 phenotype is slower than that associated with ADA1, the interaction of ADA on ACP1 activity may in fact be explained by a lower intracellular concentration of inosine in ADA2 carriers and, therefore, by a lower modulating effect of this on acid phosphatase activity.	Adenosine	25-34	acid phosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	147-151
3401255-8	1988	These results suggest that inosine is the adenosine metabolite that may accumulate in the incubation medium following fat cell treatment with adenosine deaminase, thus contributing to the stimulatory effects of this enzyme on lipolysis.	Adenosine	42-51	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	142-161
32210974-2	2020	Thereby, the SDF-1-CXCR4/CXCR7-axis was linked with adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	52-61	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12	Homo sapiens	13-18
3071444-6	1988	These results indicate a significant difference in the effect of insulin treatment on the altered diabetic vascular responsiveness to catecholamines and adenosine or to prostacyclin.	Adenosine	153-162	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	65-72
30407483-5	2020	Consistently, acylated ghrelin and unacylated ghrelin treatments effectively increased myogenic genes and decreased degradation genes in the muscle in fasted old Ghrl-/- mice, possibly by stimulating insulin and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathways.	Adenosine	212-221	ghrelin	Mus musculus	23-30
30407483-5	2020	Consistently, acylated ghrelin and unacylated ghrelin treatments effectively increased myogenic genes and decreased degradation genes in the muscle in fasted old Ghrl-/- mice, possibly by stimulating insulin and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathways.	Adenosine	212-221	ghrelin	Mus musculus	46-53
3167567-6	1988	The atypical immunohistochemical behavior of cerebellar ADA, despite its biochemical similarity to ADA elsewhere in the brain, suggests that the enzyme in the cerebellum has some unique features which must be taken into account when considering its possible role in regulating the neuromodulatory actions of adenosine in the cerebellar cortex.	Adenosine	308-317	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
32156055-3	2020	AMP (30 microM) was rapidly (t1/2 3 +- 1 min) dephosphorylated into adenosine by CD73/ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	68-77	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	81-85
32156055-3	2020	AMP (30 microM) was rapidly (t1/2 3 +- 1 min) dephosphorylated into adenosine by CD73/ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	68-77	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	86-106
31994393-3	2020	In the case of adenosine, the selectivity of trifluoromethylation depends heavily on the functional group protection strategy and leads to a set of CF3 modified nucleosides with different substitution patterns (C-8, C-2, or both) in up to 37% yield.	Adenosine	15-24	homeobox C8	Homo sapiens	211-214
31852792-13	2020	Taken together, our results suggest that BoDV utilizes ADAR2 to edit its genome to appear as "self" RNA in order to maintain persistent infection in the nucleus.Importance Cells use the editing activity of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA proteins (ADARs) to prevent autoimmune responses induced by "self" dsRNA, but viruses can exploit this process to their advantage.	Adenosine	206-215	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	55-60
32054602-1	2022	Response to: "Total adenosine deaminase highly correlated with adenosine deaminase 2 activity in serum" by Gao et al.	Adenosine	20-29	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	63-84
31838907-6	2020	Moreover, both tubuloglomerular feedback in vivo and in vitro were nearly inactive in the aging kidney, which is associated with the significantly reduced expression of adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) and suppressed vasoconstrictor response to adenosine in Af-Art.	Adenosine	169-178	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	192-196
31347162-0	2020	CD73-dependent adenosine dampens interleukin 1beta-induced CXCL8 production in gingival fibroblasts: Association with heme oxygenase-1 and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase.	Adenosine	15-24	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
31347162-1	2020	BACKGROUND: During inflammation, stressed or infected cells can release adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the extracellular medium, which can be hydrolyzed to adenosine by ectonucleotidases such as ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39) and 5"-nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	72-81	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	273-277
31347162-11	2020	CONCLUSIONS: CD73-generated adenosine dampens IL-1beta-induced CXCL8 in HGFs and involves HO-1 and pAMPK signaling.	Adenosine	28-37	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	13-17
32129745-0	2020	[A new generation of immunotherapies targeting the CD39/CD73/adenosine pathway to promote the anti-tumor immune response].	Adenosine	61-70	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	56-60
31959514-3	2020	Recent studies show that TFEB and TFE3 function in innate immune cells to regulate antibacterial and antiviral responses downstream of phagocytosis, interferon (IFN)-gamma, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	203-212	transcription factor EB	Homo sapiens	25-29
31959514-3	2020	Recent studies show that TFEB and TFE3 function in innate immune cells to regulate antibacterial and antiviral responses downstream of phagocytosis, interferon (IFN)-gamma, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	203-212	transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3	Homo sapiens	34-38
32012688-9	2020	Notably, the level of proline-rich homeodomain protein (PRH), a downstream target of protein kinase CK2, in adenosine-sensitive cell lines was higher than in others.	Adenosine	108-117	hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Homo sapiens	56-59
32012688-10	2020	This indicates the potential prognostic marker of PRH for CCA cell responses to adenosine.	Adenosine	80-89	hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Homo sapiens	50-53
32012688-11	2020	The role of PRH in adenosine-mediated cytotoxicity in CCA cells was further investigated, and the results demonstrated that adenosine inactivated PRH by enhancing PRH phosphorylation.	Adenosine	19-28	hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Homo sapiens	12-15
32012688-11	2020	The role of PRH in adenosine-mediated cytotoxicity in CCA cells was further investigated, and the results demonstrated that adenosine inactivated PRH by enhancing PRH phosphorylation.	Adenosine	19-28	hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Homo sapiens	146-149
32012688-11	2020	The role of PRH in adenosine-mediated cytotoxicity in CCA cells was further investigated, and the results demonstrated that adenosine inactivated PRH by enhancing PRH phosphorylation.	Adenosine	19-28	hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Homo sapiens	146-149
32012688-11	2020	The role of PRH in adenosine-mediated cytotoxicity in CCA cells was further investigated, and the results demonstrated that adenosine inactivated PRH by enhancing PRH phosphorylation.	Adenosine	124-133	hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Homo sapiens	12-15
32012688-11	2020	The role of PRH in adenosine-mediated cytotoxicity in CCA cells was further investigated, and the results demonstrated that adenosine inactivated PRH by enhancing PRH phosphorylation.	Adenosine	124-133	hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Homo sapiens	146-149
32012688-11	2020	The role of PRH in adenosine-mediated cytotoxicity in CCA cells was further investigated, and the results demonstrated that adenosine inactivated PRH by enhancing PRH phosphorylation.	Adenosine	124-133	hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Homo sapiens	146-149
32012688-12	2020	In addition, PRH knockdown CCA cells were less responsive to adenosine.	Adenosine	61-70	hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Homo sapiens	13-16
32012688-13	2020	Accordingly, we proposed a novel adenosine-mediated cancer cell growth and invasion suppression via a receptor-independent mechanism through PRH suppression in CCA.	Adenosine	33-42	hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Homo sapiens	141-144
31915322-8	2020	Additionally, intervention of adenosine monophosphate activated protein (AMPK)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling molecule by the AMPK activator, AICAR, increased p-AMPK and ABCA1 expression, decreased p-mTOR expression and promoted cholesterol efflux, resulting in an obvious reduction in intracellular lipid content.	Adenosine	30-39	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	73-77
31915322-8	2020	Additionally, intervention of adenosine monophosphate activated protein (AMPK)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling molecule by the AMPK activator, AICAR, increased p-AMPK and ABCA1 expression, decreased p-mTOR expression and promoted cholesterol efflux, resulting in an obvious reduction in intracellular lipid content.	Adenosine	30-39	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	142-146
31915322-8	2020	Additionally, intervention of adenosine monophosphate activated protein (AMPK)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling molecule by the AMPK activator, AICAR, increased p-AMPK and ABCA1 expression, decreased p-mTOR expression and promoted cholesterol efflux, resulting in an obvious reduction in intracellular lipid content.	Adenosine	30-39	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	158-163
31915322-8	2020	Additionally, intervention of adenosine monophosphate activated protein (AMPK)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling molecule by the AMPK activator, AICAR, increased p-AMPK and ABCA1 expression, decreased p-mTOR expression and promoted cholesterol efflux, resulting in an obvious reduction in intracellular lipid content.	Adenosine	30-39	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	142-146
31980601-1	2020	CD73, an ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E), serves as an immune checkpoint by generating adenosine (ADO), which suppresses immune activation through the A2A receptor.	Adenosine	83-92	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
31980601-1	2020	CD73, an ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E), serves as an immune checkpoint by generating adenosine (ADO), which suppresses immune activation through the A2A receptor.	Adenosine	83-92	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	9-29
31980601-1	2020	CD73, an ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E), serves as an immune checkpoint by generating adenosine (ADO), which suppresses immune activation through the A2A receptor.	Adenosine	83-92	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	31-35
31980601-1	2020	CD73, an ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E), serves as an immune checkpoint by generating adenosine (ADO), which suppresses immune activation through the A2A receptor.	Adenosine	94-97	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
31980601-1	2020	CD73, an ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E), serves as an immune checkpoint by generating adenosine (ADO), which suppresses immune activation through the A2A receptor.	Adenosine	94-97	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	9-29
31980601-1	2020	CD73, an ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E), serves as an immune checkpoint by generating adenosine (ADO), which suppresses immune activation through the A2A receptor.	Adenosine	94-97	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	31-35
32158921-3	2020	Hydroxylation affects ADSL enzymatic activity and, therefore, adenosine levels.	Adenosine	62-71	adenylosuccinate lyase	Homo sapiens	22-26
31852821-5	2020	Extracellular adenosine, the ligand for AdoR, is a small metabolite that can be released by various cell types and degraded in the extracellular space by secreted adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	14-23	Adenosine deaminase	Drosophila melanogaster	163-182
3260524-4	1988	ADA not only reversed the inhibition due to adenosine but actually augmented the aggregation to FMLP by 118% +/- 9%.	Adenosine	44-53	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-3
32034707-5	2020	Additionally, we have included new original data from our laboratory demonstrating a key involvement of MAP kinases in the cytostastic and cytotoxic effects exerted by an adenosine analogue, 2-CdA, which with the name of Cladribine is already clinically utilized in haematological malignancies.	Adenosine	171-180	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	193-196
3260524-8	1988	Adenosine, therefore, may inhibit granulocyte responsiveness by blocking signal transduction at a point after calcium entry/mobilization but before activation of protein kinase C. Furthermore, the augmentation of responses seen with ADA suggests that endogenous adenosine may be a physiologic autocrine regulator of granulocyte function.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	233-236
3260524-8	1988	Adenosine, therefore, may inhibit granulocyte responsiveness by blocking signal transduction at a point after calcium entry/mobilization but before activation of protein kinase C. Furthermore, the augmentation of responses seen with ADA suggests that endogenous adenosine may be a physiologic autocrine regulator of granulocyte function.	Adenosine	262-271	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	233-236
3342099-4	1988	If ADA activity was blocked by 2"-deoxycoformycin (dCF, 5 microM), a tight-binding inhibitor of ADA, most of the Ado (96%) was incorporated into adenine nucleotides, whereas if Ado kinase activity was blocked with 5-iodotubercidin (10 microM), Ado was mainly (95%) metabolized into hypoxanthine.	Adenosine	113-116	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	3-6
3342099-4	1988	If ADA activity was blocked by 2"-deoxycoformycin (dCF, 5 microM), a tight-binding inhibitor of ADA, most of the Ado (96%) was incorporated into adenine nucleotides, whereas if Ado kinase activity was blocked with 5-iodotubercidin (10 microM), Ado was mainly (95%) metabolized into hypoxanthine.	Adenosine	113-116	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	96-99
3342099-4	1988	If ADA activity was blocked by 2"-deoxycoformycin (dCF, 5 microM), a tight-binding inhibitor of ADA, most of the Ado (96%) was incorporated into adenine nucleotides, whereas if Ado kinase activity was blocked with 5-iodotubercidin (10 microM), Ado was mainly (95%) metabolized into hypoxanthine.	Adenosine	177-180	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	3-6
3342099-7	1988	In the presence of nucleoside transport inhibitors, Ado which slowly enters the cell was metabolized principally by Ado kinase rather than ADA.	Adenosine	52-55	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	139-142
2833226-6	1988	Adenosine formation was quantified in pigeon and rat ventricular myocardium in the presence of inhibitors of adenosine kinase and adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	130-149
2828046-6	1988	It is suggested that in the [H2(ATP)]4-(2) dimer intermolecular ion pairs (and hydrogen bonds) are formed between the H+(N-1) site of one H2(ATP)2- and the gamma-P(OH)(O)-2 group of the other; in this way (a) the stack is further stabilized, and (b) the positive charges at the adenine residues are compensated (otherwise repulsion would occur as is evident from the adenosine systems).	Adenosine	367-376	relaxin 2	Homo sapiens	138-146
2854949-10	1988	The coformycins inhibit the deamination of adenosine into inosine by adenosine deaminase, and 5-iodotubercidin inhibits the recycling of adenosine into AMP by adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	43-52	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	69-88
2459496-1	1988	The metabolism of adenosine and its effects on phosphoribosylpyrophosphate, PP-ribose-P, dependent nucleotide synthesis were studied using erythrocytes from patients with adenosine deaminase and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency as models.	Adenosine	18-27	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	171-190
2825800-3	1987	The fractional flow from AMP to inosine through adenosine was estimated by the use of the adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4) inhibitors, coformycin and 2"-deoxycoformycin.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	90-109
2825800-9	1987	In the intact myotubes at low adenosine concentration, the anabolic activity of adenosine kinase was at least 4.9-fold the catabolic activity of adenosine deaminase, in accord with the markedly higher Vmax/Km ratio of the kinase for adenosine.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	145-164
2825800-9	1987	In the intact myotubes at low adenosine concentration, the anabolic activity of adenosine kinase was at least 4.9-fold the catabolic activity of adenosine deaminase, in accord with the markedly higher Vmax/Km ratio of the kinase for adenosine.	Adenosine	80-89	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	145-164
2441011-3	1987	Nanomolar concentrations of the A1 receptor agonists, cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) and phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA), significantly inhibited the activity of forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase in preparations in which endogenous adenosine was destroyed by pretreatment with adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	64-73	adenosine deaminase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	276-295
3663598-4	1987	The catalytic subunit was stimulated 3-4-fold by calmodulin (CaM) with a turnover number greater than 1000 min-1 and was directly inhibited by adenosine.	Adenosine	143-152	CaM5	Triticum aestivum	49-59
3663598-4	1987	The catalytic subunit was stimulated 3-4-fold by calmodulin (CaM) with a turnover number greater than 1000 min-1 and was directly inhibited by adenosine.	Adenosine	143-152	CaM5	Triticum aestivum	61-64
3663598-8	1987	These data illustrate that the catalytic subunit of the calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclase is a glycoprotein which interacts directly with calmodulin and that adenosine can inhibit the enzyme without intervening receptors or G coupling proteins.	Adenosine	163-172	CaM5	Triticum aestivum	56-66
3498118-5	1987	It was found that these inhibitors (EHNA and Ara-A, 2-deoxycoformycin and adenosine) increase the activity of serum biotinidase as was the case with ethionine.	Adenosine	74-83	biotinidase	Rattus norvegicus	116-127
3656177-10	1987	Exposure of the neurones to adenosine prior to or during application of bombesin, GRP, VIP, CCK or histamine blocked the actions of these substances.	Adenosine	28-37	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	92-95
2434139-2	1987	The exact role of adenosine in the adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4) deficiency-related severe combined immunodeficiency disease has not been ascertained.	Adenosine	18-27	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	35-54
3677453-2	1987	When urinary adenosine concentration is lowered by intrarenal infusion of adenosine deaminase in one-kidney one-clip rats, peripheral sympathetic nervous system activity and arterial pressure decrease if the renal nerves are intact.	Adenosine	13-22	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	74-93
33146056-3	2020	CD39 processes pro-inflammatory extracellular ATP to ADP and AMP, which is then processed by Ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 to immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	140-149	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	93-113
33146056-3	2020	CD39 processes pro-inflammatory extracellular ATP to ADP and AMP, which is then processed by Ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 to immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	140-149	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	114-118
3494649-6	1987	An involvement of adenosine in this response was demonstrated using an adenosine antagonist, caffeine, an uptake inhibitor, dipyridamole and an adenosine deaminase inhibitor, deoxycoformycin.	Adenosine	18-27	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	144-163
2885869-4	1987	Adding adenosine deaminase (ADA) did not change the normal transmitter release while in the presence of 4-AP the elimination of the endogenous adenosine brought about a significantly higher 3H-glutamate output.	Adenosine	7-16	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
31847204-4	2019	Other ectoenzymes, CD73 and CD203a, together with CD38, are also involved in the alternative axis of extracellular production of ADO, bypassing the canonical pathway mediated by CD39.	Adenosine	129-132	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	19-23
3756467-4	1986	Since the down regulation of these sites is correlated temporally with the onset of hyperactivity following transient anoxia, it is suggested that a reduction in the strength of the neuromodulatory action of adenosine contributes to the postanoxic hyperactivity of CA1 pyramidal cells and perhaps to their selective vulnerability.	Adenosine	208-217	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	265-268
31817925-1	2019	The Popeye domain containing (POPDC) gene family consists of POPDC1 (also known as BVES), POPDC2 and POPDC3 and encodes a novel class of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) effector proteins.	Adenosine	144-153	popeye domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	101-107
31816953-1	2019	It was previously demonstrated that rat adenosine A2AR transmembrane V peptide administration into the nucleus accumbens enhances cocaine self-administration through disruption of the A2AR-dopamine (D2R) heteroreceptor complex of this region.	Adenosine	40-49	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	50-54
31816953-1	2019	It was previously demonstrated that rat adenosine A2AR transmembrane V peptide administration into the nucleus accumbens enhances cocaine self-administration through disruption of the A2AR-dopamine (D2R) heteroreceptor complex of this region.	Adenosine	40-49	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	184-188
31711939-3	2019	The production of extracellular adenosine in solid tumors was recently identified as a major immunosuppressive pathway, targeting this pathway would enhance the therapeutic activity of anti-PD1 mAbs.	Adenosine	32-41	programmed cell death 1	Homo sapiens	190-193
31707461-6	2019	Additionally, we investigated whether the adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling (AMPK) pathway was involved in this process.	Adenosine	42-51	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	102-106
32029034-1	2019	OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of the low-affinity A2b adenosine receptors (Adora2b) in pulmonary microvascular endothelial inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide and its mechanism.	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine A2B receptor	Rattus norvegicus	76-83
3519811-4	1986	Adenosine infusion was also accompanied by a significant reduction of plasma renin activity, from 8.4 +/- 0.6 ng/ml/hour to 3.8 +/- 0.4 ng/ml/hour.	Adenosine	0-9	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	77-82
31748653-3	2019	Evidence shows that the blockade of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) affords protection to the retina through the control of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.	Adenosine	36-45	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	46-59
31748653-3	2019	Evidence shows that the blockade of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) affords protection to the retina through the control of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.	Adenosine	36-45	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	61-65
3519811-6	1986	Allopurinol also prevented the decrease of plasma renin activity, for which the average values recorded before and after adenosine were 9.6 +/- 0.6 ng/ml/hour and 8.2 +/- 0.6 ng/ml/hour, respectively.	Adenosine	121-130	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	50-55
3519811-7	1986	The results of this study indicate that allopurinol exerts specific effects on the vasodilatory component of adenosine and prevents the adenosine-suppressive effect on the renin-angiotensin system.	Adenosine	136-145	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	172-177
3717362-9	1986	Interstitial levels of ADA were inversely correlated with the tissue contents of adenosine.	Adenosine	81-90	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	23-26
31729379-7	2019	Hydroxylation-proficient ADSL, by affecting adenosine levels, represses the expression of the long non-coding RNA MIR22HG, thus upregulating cMYC protein level.	Adenosine	44-53	adenylosuccinate lyase	Homo sapiens	25-29
31729379-7	2019	Hydroxylation-proficient ADSL, by affecting adenosine levels, represses the expression of the long non-coding RNA MIR22HG, thus upregulating cMYC protein level.	Adenosine	44-53	MIR22 host gene	Homo sapiens	114-121
3963215-7	1986	ADA also attenuated significantly the coronary vasodilatory response to exogenous adenosine and to 20-s ischemia.	Adenosine	82-91	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	0-3
31730022-9	2019	The NMNAT-3 enzyme, which catalyzes an important step in the biosynthesis of NAD+ from adenosine triphosphate, was also upregulated in RA iPSCs.	Adenosine	87-96	nicotinamide nucleotide adenylyltransferase 3	Homo sapiens	4-11
32109988-10	2019	Furthermore, molecular mechanism studies indicated that Ado remarkably inhibited the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, and CD31, while interference with RhoGDI2 restored the expression of the above-mentioned angiogenic factors.	Adenosine	56-59	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	99-104
32109988-10	2019	Furthermore, molecular mechanism studies indicated that Ado remarkably inhibited the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, and CD31, while interference with RhoGDI2 restored the expression of the above-mentioned angiogenic factors.	Adenosine	56-59	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	119-127
32109988-10	2019	Furthermore, molecular mechanism studies indicated that Ado remarkably inhibited the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, and CD31, while interference with RhoGDI2 restored the expression of the above-mentioned angiogenic factors.	Adenosine	56-59	platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	144-148
31684173-5	2019	Therefore, adenosine receptors A2A and A2B could be targets for anti-platelet therapy, especially under circumstances when classic therapy based on antagonizing the purinergic receptor P2Y12 is insufficient or problematic.	Adenosine	11-20	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	185-190
3011169-0	1986	Adenosine inhibits epileptiform activity arising in hippocampal area CA3.	Adenosine	0-9	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	69-72
3011169-1	1986	The ability of adenosine and structurally-related compounds to inhibit epileptiform activity induced by bicuculline in the CA3 region of the hippocampal slice of the rat was examined.	Adenosine	15-24	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	123-126
3704998-4	1986	Adenosine deaminase, an enzyme breaking down adenosine, reverses the inhibitory action of dipyridamole.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
31409667-3	2019	The novel adenosine analog N6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-adenosine (NHBA) which is isolated from the rhizomes of Gastrodia elata activates A2AR and inhibits ENT1.	Adenosine	10-19	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	130-134
31409667-14	2019	SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Our work highlights that adenosine A2AR receptor (A2AR) activation and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) inhibition by a novel adenosine analog isolated from Gastrodia elata, N6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-adenosine, decreases ethanol-drinking and -seeking behaviors.	Adenosine	49-58	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	59-63
3838797-1	1985	Human adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an important purine catabolic enzyme which irreversibly deaminates adenosine and deoxyadenosine.	Adenosine	6-15	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	27-30
31409667-14	2019	SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Our work highlights that adenosine A2AR receptor (A2AR) activation and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) inhibition by a novel adenosine analog isolated from Gastrodia elata, N6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-adenosine, decreases ethanol-drinking and -seeking behaviors.	Adenosine	49-58	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	74-78
3991077-0	1985	Adenosine uptake sites in rat brain: identification using [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine and co-localization with adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	110-129
30941807-3	2019	One group of proteins that combines all three stated aspects-the metabolism and distribution of drugs as well as their own regulation-is adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporters.	Adenosine	137-146	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group)	Homo sapiens	178-181
31717704-4	2019	The A2A adenosine receptor colocalized with ezrin, an A-kinase anchoring protein, in the luminal membrane of duct cells in the mouse and guinea pig pancreas.	Adenosine	8-17	ezrin	Mus musculus	44-49
3991077-2	1985	It was found that [3H]NBI labels sites for which adenosine has far higher affinity than do other nucleosides, that these sites are heterogeneously distributed and that there is an exact correspondence between areas containing [3H]NBI sites and ADA-immunoreactive neurons.	Adenosine	49-58	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	244-247
31623231-9	2019	Adenosine is either released from stressed or injured cells or generated from extracellular adenine nucleotides by the concerted action of the ectoenzymes ectoapyrase (CD39) and 5" ectonucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) that catabolize ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	199-203
31623231-9	2019	Adenosine is either released from stressed or injured cells or generated from extracellular adenine nucleotides by the concerted action of the ectoenzymes ectoapyrase (CD39) and 5" ectonucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) that catabolize ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	205-209
3991077-3	1985	Our results indicate that [3H]NBI and ADA are potential markers for revealing anatomical sites at which actions of adenosine may be expressed.	Adenosine	115-124	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
31623231-9	2019	Adenosine is either released from stressed or injured cells or generated from extracellular adenine nucleotides by the concerted action of the ectoenzymes ectoapyrase (CD39) and 5" ectonucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) that catabolize ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	234-243	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	199-203
31623231-10	2019	Recent work revealed a role of the immunoregulatory CD73/adenosine system in radiation-induced fibrotic disease in normal tissues suggesting a potential use as novel therapeutic target for normal tissue protection.	Adenosine	57-66	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	52-56
3881043-2	1985	Production of labeled inosine and hypoxanthine from adenosine was considerably lower in adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient cells than in normal cells and virtually eliminated in normal cells by the presence of 1 microM deoxycoformycin (a potent ADA inhibitor), suggesting that labeled inosine and hypoxanthine production requires ADA activity.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	88-107
31623231-12	2019	However, expression and activity of the CD73/adenosine system in the tumor environment has also been linked to increased tumor growth and tumor immune escape, at least in preclinical models.	Adenosine	45-54	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	40-44
3881043-2	1985	Production of labeled inosine and hypoxanthine from adenosine was considerably lower in adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient cells than in normal cells and virtually eliminated in normal cells by the presence of 1 microM deoxycoformycin (a potent ADA inhibitor), suggesting that labeled inosine and hypoxanthine production requires ADA activity.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	109-112
31444105-1	2019	Endonuclease V (EndoV) cleaves the second phosphodiester bond 3" to a deaminated adenosine (inosine).	Adenosine	81-90	endonuclease V	Homo sapiens	0-14
31444105-1	2019	Endonuclease V (EndoV) cleaves the second phosphodiester bond 3" to a deaminated adenosine (inosine).	Adenosine	81-90	endonuclease V	Homo sapiens	16-21
6497845-1	1984	The anti-lipolytic effect of the adenosine analogue N6-L-phenylisopropyladenosine was studied with rat adipocytes incubated with a high concentration of adenosine deaminase (0.5 unit/ml, approx.	Adenosine	33-42	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	153-172
31248747-9	2019	These results imply that repeated stress upregulates A2AR-mediated adenosine signaling to facilitate PKA activation, whereas regular exercise inhibits A2AR function by increasing 5-HT2AR in the BLA.	Adenosine	67-76	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	53-57
31248747-10	2019	Accordingly, this integrated modulation of 5-HT and adenosine signaling, via 5-HT2AR and A2AR respectively, may be a mechanism underlying the anxiolytic effect of regular exercise.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	89-93
6083455-8	1984	3) Deamination of endogenous adenosine by addition of adenosine deaminase to the medium enhanced the acetylcholine release.	Adenosine	29-38	adenosine deaminase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	54-73
31366735-6	2019	A catalytic-site mutant ADAR1 also decreased HBV RNA levels, whereas another adenosine deaminases that act on the RNA (ADAR) family protein, ADAR2, did not.	Adenosine	77-86	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	141-146
6609265-1	1984	During activation of WF rat splenic T-cells, a change occurs with respect to susceptibility to a toxic accumulation of adenosine or deoxyadenosine (dADO) in the presence of adenosine deaminase (ADA) blockade.	Adenosine	119-128	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	194-197
31555737-1	2019	Disrupting the interactions between Hsp90 and Cdc37 is emerging as an alternative and specific way to regulate the Hsp90 chaperone cycle in a manner not involving adenosine triphosphatase inhibition.	Adenosine	163-172	cell division cycle 37, HSP90 cochaperone	Homo sapiens	46-51
31270214-10	2019	SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study revealed that adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) and ADAR2, which catalyze adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, downregulate the expression of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) in human liver-derived cells by attenuating splicing.	Adenosine	49-58	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	97-102
31695457-0	2019	The effect of A1 adenosine receptor in diabetic megalin loss with caspase-1/IL18 signaling.	Adenosine	17-26	interleukin 18	Mus musculus	76-80
31695457-1	2019	Purpose: In our previous study, exacerbation of albuminuria was observed in A1 adenosine receptor knockout (A1AR-/-) mice with diabetic nephropathy (DN), but the mechanism was unclear.	Adenosine	79-88	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	108-112
31466336-13	2019	Interestingly, we found that GSE and GSPB2 treatments (0.1 to 100 mug/mL) improved progesterone and estradiol secretion and this was associated with a higher level of the cholesterol carriers, StAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein), CREB (Cyclic adenosine monophosphate Response Element-binding protein), and MAPK ERK1/2 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinases 1/2) phosphorylation in both hGC and KGN cells.	Adenosine	253-262	CELIAC2	Homo sapiens	29-32
31181209-2	2019	IMM-H007, an adenosine derivative, is an activator of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK).	Adenosine	13-22	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	54-82
31181209-2	2019	IMM-H007, an adenosine derivative, is an activator of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK).	Adenosine	13-22	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	84-88
31199187-9	2019	Similarly, blockade of inward rectifier K+ channels reduced but did not eliminate group differences in adenosine dilation whereas group differences were eliminated by blockade of Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels that blunted and abrogated adenosine and A2A-dependent dilation, respectively.	Adenosine	239-248	casein kappa	Homo sapiens	198-201
6321074-2	1984	It has recently been proposed that an important source of superoxide anion during the respiratory burst that stimulates murine macrophages is the sequential metabolism of adenosine via adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase to uric acid.	Adenosine	171-180	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	209-225
31199187-11	2019	Together, these data demonstrate Aldo-induced impairment of adenosine-mediated coronary vasodilation involving blunted A2A-KCa-dependent vasodilation, independent of blood pressure, providing important insights into the link between plasma Aldo and cardiac mortality and rationale for aldosterone antagonist use to preserve coronary microvascular function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Increased plasma aldosterone levels are associated with worsened cardiac outcomes in diverse patient groups by unclear mechanisms.	Adenosine	60-69	casein kappa	Homo sapiens	123-126
6205194-4	1984	The antiaggregating and cyclic AMP increasing activities of adenosine were little affected by S-(p-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioguanosine (6TG), an uptake inhibitor of adenosine, or 2"-deoxycoformycin, an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	60-69	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	208-227
31154474-4	2019	It degrades ATP to AMP and CD73 dephosphorylates AMP into adenosine.	Adenosine	58-67	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	27-31
31034872-4	2019	We identified the binding site for transcription factor cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding (CREB) in the DAZAP2 promoter CpG2, and we found that hypermethylation of the CREB binding motif in the DAZAP2 promoter is responsible for the reduced DAZAP2 expression in MM cells.	Adenosine	63-72	DAZ associated protein 2	Homo sapiens	126-132
31223045-1	2019	CD73 is a novel immune checkpoint associated with adenosine metabolism that promotes tumor progression by suppressing antitumor immune response and promoting angiogenesis.	Adenosine	50-59	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
6220065-13	1983	We conclude that a) during active SLE, there is impaired suppression of proliferation and B cell differentiation; b) the impaired suppression of B cell differentiation results from abnormal spontaneous (TS) and adenosine-inducible (TRA) suppressor functions; c) the defective generation of suppressor T cell function during active disease results, in part, from a block in the transition from inducer/helper to suppressor cell; and, d) the suppressor T cell dysfunction is reversible with disease remission.	Adenosine	211-220	T cell receptor alpha locus	Homo sapiens	232-235
31121068-5	2019	The metabolite-protein interaction network and changes in the concentration ratio of these metabolites indicated that adenosine and adenosine deaminase (ADA; EC 3.5.4.4) were the most promising therapeutic targets and adenosine augmentation might be a rational approach to slow PD progression.	Adenosine	118-127	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	153-156
31121068-5	2019	The metabolite-protein interaction network and changes in the concentration ratio of these metabolites indicated that adenosine and adenosine deaminase (ADA; EC 3.5.4.4) were the most promising therapeutic targets and adenosine augmentation might be a rational approach to slow PD progression.	Adenosine	132-141	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	153-156
31296651-2	2019	Previously, we developed a programmable adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing approach by fusing catalytically inactivate RNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas13 (dCas13) with the adenine deaminase domain of ADAR2.	Adenosine	40-49	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	199-204
31028741-4	2019	These effects were associated with an upregulation of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) and the activation of its upstream Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/(Liver kinase B1) LKB1- (Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) AMPK axis.	Adenosine	160-169	uncoupling protein 2	Homo sapiens	54-74
31028741-4	2019	These effects were associated with an upregulation of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) and the activation of its upstream Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/(Liver kinase B1) LKB1- (Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) AMPK axis.	Adenosine	160-169	uncoupling protein 2	Homo sapiens	76-80
31028741-4	2019	These effects were associated with an upregulation of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) and the activation of its upstream Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/(Liver kinase B1) LKB1- (Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) AMPK axis.	Adenosine	160-169	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	210-214
31327964-9	2019	Our results show that melatonin prevents LPS and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in murine microglia in vitro, evidenced by inhibition of NLRP3 expression, Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) speck formation, caspase-1 cleavage and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) maturation and secretion.	Adenosine	49-58	caspase 1	Mus musculus	272-281
31235912-1	2019	The human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1), a member of the SLC29 family, plays crucial roles in adenosine signaling, cellular uptake of nucleoside for DNA and RNA synthesis, and nucleoside-derived anticancer and antiviral drug transport in humans.	Adenosine	111-120	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	10-48
31235912-1	2019	The human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1), a member of the SLC29 family, plays crucial roles in adenosine signaling, cellular uptake of nucleoside for DNA and RNA synthesis, and nucleoside-derived anticancer and antiviral drug transport in humans.	Adenosine	111-120	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	50-55
31235912-3	2019	Despite its importance in human physiology and pharmacology, the molecular basis of hENT1-mediated adenosine transport and its inhibition by AdoRIs are limited, owing to the absence of structural information on hENT1.	Adenosine	99-108	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	84-89
31235912-5	2019	Combined with mutagenesis study, our structural analyses elucidate two distinct inhibitory mechanisms exhibited on hENT1 and provide insight into adenosine recognition and transport.	Adenosine	146-155	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	115-120
31235912-6	2019	Our studies provide a platform for improved pharmacological intervention of adenosine and nucleoside analog drug transport by hENT1.	Adenosine	76-85	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	126-131
6193690-5	1983	Thymidine, glycine, and adenosine (GAT) prevent methotrexate toxicity only if maintained in the incubation medium.	Adenosine	24-33	glycine-N-acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	35-38
6363311-7	1983	The observation that both ATP and adenosine have unique effects on T-cells compared to B-cells may contribute toward explaining why patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) associated with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency have greater T-cell than B-cell abnormalities.	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	202-221
6363311-7	1983	The observation that both ATP and adenosine have unique effects on T-cells compared to B-cells may contribute toward explaining why patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) associated with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency have greater T-cell than B-cell abnormalities.	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	223-226
6845818-1	1983	The nucleoside antibiotic formycin, 7-amino-3-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrazolo(4,3-d)pyrimidine, a structural analogue of adenosine, is deaminated about 10-fold faster by adenosine deaminase than adenosine itself, and is therefore a superior substrate for both routine assays and kinetic studies with the purified enzyme.	Adenosine	120-129	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	169-188
7142187-7	1982	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was inhibited by the following compounds (Ki values in parentheses): adenosine (4.34 mM), 5"-AMP (3.50 mM), ADP (2.35 mM), ATP (5.34 mM), and 3",5"-cAMP (0.60 mM).	Adenosine	110-119	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	0-40
6175708-3	1982	In ADA-deficient lymphoblasts this altered pyrimidine metabolism is accompanied by reduced intracellular concentrations of PP-ribose-P with adenosine but not deoxyadenosine.	Adenosine	140-149	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	3-6
16592840-0	1980	Calculations of the circular dichroism of adenosine derivatives constrained in the syn form.	Adenosine	42-51	synemin	Homo sapiens	83-86
16592840-1	1980	The rotational strengths of the four longer wavelength transitions, B(2u), B(1u), and the two E(1u), of adenosine derivatives constrained in the syn form have been investigated theoretically and experimentally.	Adenosine	104-113	synemin	Homo sapiens	145-148
31353872-4	2019	Usp2KO cells reduced the accumulation of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and oxygen consumption.	Adenosine	55-64	ubiquitin specific peptidase 2	Mus musculus	0-4
6248432-2	1980	In old animals, adenosine metabolism was activated, this being evident from the rise of 5"-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase activity in blood and myocardium.	Adenosine	16-25	adenosine deaminase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	108-127
31244820-5	2019	Like several other barriers in the TME, such as the PD-1/PDL-1 axis, CTLA-4, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1), adenosine plays important physiologic roles, but has been co-opted by tumors to promote their growth and impair immunity.	Adenosine	118-127	programmed cell death 1	Homo sapiens	52-56
6264330-7	1980	(2) Adenosine deaminase blocked the responses to AMP, ADP, ATP, and adenosine-containing coenzymes.	Adenosine	68-77	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	4-23
7008370-0	1980	[Effects of a long-acting adenosine analogue on insulin and glucagon release (author"s transl)].	Adenosine	26-35	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	48-55
30918224-1	2019	Phosphofructokinase-1 (EC:2.7.1.11, PFK-1) catalyzes the phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate using adenosine triphosphate and is a key regulatory enzyme of glycolysis.	Adenosine	132-141	phosphofructokinase, muscle	Canis lupus familiaris	0-21
448160-0	1979	Inhibition of methylation by adenosine in adenosine deaminase-inhibited, phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human lymphocytes.	Adenosine	29-38	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	42-61
31116985-3	2019	The production of adenosine via the sequential activity of CD39 and CD73 ectoenzymes participates to the generation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.	Adenosine	18-27	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	68-72
31116985-4	2019	In order to disrupt the adenosine pathway, we generated two antibodies, IPH5201 and IPH5301, targeting human membrane-associated and soluble forms of CD39 and CD73, respectively, and efficiently blocking the hydrolysis of immunogenic ATP into immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	24-33	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	159-163
470943-2	1979	Syn-anti-equilibrium in solutions of adenosine, 5"-AMP, 3"-AMP, 5"-CMP and 3"-CMP].	Adenosine	37-46	synemin	Homo sapiens	0-3
30978018-3	2019	Binding of the nucleotide adenosine 5"-diphosphate ribose (ADPR) to the cytosolic NUDT9 homology (NUDT9 H) domain activates the channel.	Adenosine	26-35	nudix hydrolase 9	Homo sapiens	82-87
30781912-4	1979	Adenosine, AMP, 2- chloroadenosine, alpha,beta-methylene ADP and beta,gamma-methylene ATP each inhibited ATP-induced aggregation of platelets in rat PRP to a similar extent as ADP-induced aggregation.	Adenosine	0-9	proline rich protein 2-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	149-152
31205451-3	2019	In this context, it is unknown whether ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, which are involved in the production of adenosine (Ado) that suppresses the specific antitumor immune response, are present in precursor lesions of CeCa.	Adenosine	112-121	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	66-70
31205451-3	2019	In this context, it is unknown whether ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, which are involved in the production of adenosine (Ado) that suppresses the specific antitumor immune response, are present in precursor lesions of CeCa.	Adenosine	123-126	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	66-70
31205451-6	2019	Interestingly, solubilized cervical mucus from these patients also showed higher contents of soluble CD39 and CD73, which were associated with a greater capacity to produce Ado from the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP).	Adenosine	173-176	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	110-114
30249343-8	2019	While the increased expression of A2AR-allows activated gammadelta T cells to bind adenosine more effectively than other immune cells, the decreased CD73 restricts their ability to convert AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	83-92	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	34-38
486114-6	1979	Adenosine deaminase, which lowers the concentration of adenosine in the incubation medium, decreased the sensitivity of both processes (lipolysis and glucose uptake) to insulin: this suggests that adenosine increases the sensitivity of both processes.	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
31000420-9	2019	Mechanistically, mitochondrial FAM3A increases adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and secretion; ATP binds to P2 receptors and then upregulates cytosolic free Ca2+ levels.	Adenosine	47-56	FAM3 metabolism regulating signaling molecule A	Mus musculus	31-36
486114-6	1979	Adenosine deaminase, which lowers the concentration of adenosine in the incubation medium, decreased the sensitivity of both processes (lipolysis and glucose uptake) to insulin: this suggests that adenosine increases the sensitivity of both processes.	Adenosine	197-206	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
207416-1	1978	Deoxyadenosine but not adenosine reversed the antiviral activity of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A) and 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine (ara-H) when used in the presence of coformycin, an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	5-14	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	216-235
207296-7	1978	In rat hepatoma cell lines growing in culture, the toxicity of adenosine correlated inversely with the ratio of adenosine deaminase activity to adenosine kinase activity.	Adenosine	63-72	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	112-131
154541-3	1978	ADA catalyzes the conversion of adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	32-41	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-3
154541-4	1978	Since increased adenosine concentrations in tissue culture inhibit the growth of lymphoblastic cell lines, it has been postulated that decreased ADA activity can result in suppression of the immune response by the inhibition of cell division.	Adenosine	16-25	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	145-148
193085-2	1977	Differences in total activity and distribution of the high and low Km activity enzymes for adenosine and guanosine 3",5"-monophosphate (cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP, respectively) were found.	Adenosine	91-100	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	158-161
200064-2	1976	Both adenosine compounds were significantly increasing renin release.	Adenosine	5-14	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	55-60
1032220-3	1976	The results obtained have shown that incubation of cardiac muscle homogenates with labelled ATP increased the content of adenosine through raising 5"-AMP nucleotidase activity and inhibiting adenosine deaminase activity.	Adenosine	121-130	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	191-210
239915-8	1975	These data show that the adenosine moiety of NADP is more critically involved than the nicotinamide portion in the interaction with human G6PD.	Adenosine	25-34	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	138-142
4313452-0	1970	Effects of adenosine compounds on renal function and renin secretion in dogs.	Adenosine	11-20	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	53-58
6048501-0	1967	The role of the 5"-hydroxyl group of adenosine in determining substrate specificity for adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	37-46	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	88-107
34050151-4	2021	Mechanistically, human A2AR-edited CAR T cells are significantly resistant to adenosine-mediated transcriptional changes, resulting in enhanced production of cytokines including IFNgamma and TNF, and increased expression of JAK-STAT signaling pathway associated genes.	Adenosine	78-87	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3	Homo sapiens	35-38
34033815-0	2021	CD39-mediated ATP-adenosine signalling promotes hepatic stellate cell activation and alcoholic liver disease.	Adenosine	18-27	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	0-4
34033815-2	2021	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is hydrolysed to adenosine by different enzymes including ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1/ENTPD1 (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), regulating many physiological and pathological processes in various diseases, but these changes and functions in alcoholic liver disease are generally unknown.	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	145-149
34033815-2	2021	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is hydrolysed to adenosine by different enzymes including ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1/ENTPD1 (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), regulating many physiological and pathological processes in various diseases, but these changes and functions in alcoholic liver disease are generally unknown.	Adenosine	46-55	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	145-149
34033815-8	2021	Moreover, blockade or silencing of CD39 could block the activation of the adenosine A2A and adenosine A2B receptors and the TGF-beta/Smad3 pathway, which are essential events in HSC activation.	Adenosine	74-83	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	35-39
34033815-8	2021	Moreover, blockade or silencing of CD39 could block the activation of the adenosine A2A and adenosine A2B receptors and the TGF-beta/Smad3 pathway, which are essential events in HSC activation.	Adenosine	92-101	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	35-39
34033815-9	2021	Thus, blockade of CD39 to inhibit the transduction of ATP to adenosine may prevent HSC activation, alleviating alcoholic hepatic fibrosis.	Adenosine	61-70	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	18-22
33992835-8	2021	Furthermore, we found that DRD1 signaling downregulated the NLRP3 inflammasome in H9C2 cells through cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).	Adenosine	108-117	dopamine receptor D1	Rattus norvegicus	27-31
33296074-6	2021	RESULTS: VEGF165 -treated cells had higher Runt-related transcription factor 2 expression and CaMKII/ adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling activation than did control cells.	Adenosine	102-111	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	166-170
30632636-3	2019	Using the genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator GCaMP6f and two-photon imaging, we show that melanopsin is both competent to stimulate robust IP3-dependent Ca2+ signals in astrocyte fine processes, and to evoke an ATP/Adenosine-dependent transient boost of hippocampal excitatory synaptic transmission.	Adenosine	215-224	opsin 4	Homo sapiens	90-100
33906557-5	2022	Here, we review the physiological role of autophagy in the context of intestinal epithelial maintenance and how genetic mutations affecting autophagy contribute to the development of intestinal disease.Abbreviations: AKT1S1: AKT1 substrate 1; AMBRA1: autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; APC: APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway; ATF6: activating transcription factor 6; ATG: autophagy related; atg16l1[DeltaIEC] mice: mice with a specific deletion of Atg16l1 in intestinal epithelial cells; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; BECN1: beclin 1; bsk/Jnk: basket; CADPR: cyclic ADP ribose; CALCOCO2: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; CASP3: caspase 3; CD: Crohn disease; CDH1/E-cadherin: cadherin 1; CF: cystic fibrosis; CFTR: CF transmembrane conductance regulator; CGAS: cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; CLDN2: claudin 2; CoPEC: colibactin-producing E. coli; CRC: colorectal cancer; CYP1A1: cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1; DC: dendritic cell; DDIT3: DNA damage inducible transcript 3; DEPTOR: DEP domain containing MTOR interacting protein; DSS: dextran sulfate sodium; EGF: epidermal growth factor; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; EIF2A: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A; EIF2AK3: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3; EIF2AK4/GCN2: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERN1: endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; HMGB1: high mobility group box 1; HSPA5/GRP78: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; IEC: intestinal epithelial cell; IFN: interferon; IFNG/IFNgamma:interferon gamma; IL: interleukin; IRGM: immunity related GTPase M; ISC: intestinal stem cell; LGR5: leucine rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5; LRRK2: leucine rich repeat kinase 2; MAP1LC3A/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha; MAPK/JNK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MAPK14/p38 MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase 14; MAPKAP1: MAPK associated protein 1; MAVS: mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein; miRNA: microRNA; MLKL: mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase; MLST8: MTOR associated protein, LST8 homolog; MNV: murine norovirus; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NBR1: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; NLRP: NLR family pyrin domain containing; NOD: nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing; NRBF2: nuclear receptor binding factor 2; OPTN: optineurin; OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation; P: phosphorylation; Patj: PATJ crumbs cell polarity complex component; PE: phosphatidyl-ethanolamine; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PIK3R4: phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 4; PPARG: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; PRR5: proline rich 5; PRR5L: proline rich 5 like; PtdIns3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; RER: rough endoplasmic reticulum; RHEB: Ras homolog, MTORC1 binding; RICTOR: RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2; RIPK1: receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RPTOR: regulatory associated protein of MTOR complex 1; RPS6KB1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1; SH3GLB1: SH3 domain containing GRB2 like, endophilin B1; SNP: single-nucleotide polymorphism; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; STAT3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; STING1: stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1; TA: transit-amplifying; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TFE3: transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3; TGM2: transglutaminase 2; TJ: tight junction; TJP1/ZO1: tight junction protein 1; TNBS: 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; TNF/TNFalpha: tumor necrosis factor; Tor: target of rapamycin; TRAF: TNF receptor associated factor; TRIM11: tripartite motif containing 11; TRP53: transformation related protein 53; TSC: TSC complex subunit; Ub: ubiquitin; UC: ulcerative colitis; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; USO1/p115: USO1 vesicle transport factor; UVRAG: UV radiation resistance associated; WIPI: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting; WNT: WNT family member; XBP1: X-box binding protein 1; ZFYVE1/DFCP1: zinc finger FYVE-type containing 1.	Adenosine	535-544	AKT1 substrate 1 (proline-rich)	Mus musculus	217-223
31014364-4	2019	The ectonucleotidase activity of CD73 catalyzes AMP to adenosine, which subsequently inhibits anti-tumor immune responses.	Adenosine	55-64	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	33-37
31014364-10	2019	RESULTS: In contrast to the long recognized immune suppressive effect of CD73-adenosine signaling in tumor tissue, we made a striking observation that in AML, CD73 expression on CD8 T cells associates with an increased immune response.	Adenosine	78-87	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	73-77
33792632-6	2021	Preliminary studies in humans have revealed that treatment with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), which upregulates platelet tetherin/BST-2 expression, also reduces adenosine diphosphate-stimulated platelet receptor function and reactivity.	Adenosine	161-170	bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2	Homo sapiens	121-129
33678793-10	2021	PFKFB2 activated the fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate (Fru-2, 6-p2) /PFK/anaerobic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) glycolysis energy flux in response to hypoxia in cardiomyocytes.	Adenosine	77-86	6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 2	Mus musculus	0-6
31024543-2	2019	Adenosine is either released from stressed or injured cells or generated from extracellular adenine nucleotides by the concerted action of the ectoenzymes ectoapyrase (CD39) and 5" ectonucleotidase (CD73) that catabolize ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	199-203
31024543-2	2019	Adenosine is either released from stressed or injured cells or generated from extracellular adenine nucleotides by the concerted action of the ectoenzymes ectoapyrase (CD39) and 5" ectonucleotidase (CD73) that catabolize ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	228-237	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	199-203
31024543-3	2019	An acute CD73-dependent increase of adenosine in normal tissues mostly exerts tissue protective functions whereas chronically increased adenosine-levels in tissues exposed to DNA damaging chemotherapy or radiotherapy promote pathologic remodeling processes and fibrosis for example in the skin and the lung.	Adenosine	36-45	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	9-13
31024543-3	2019	An acute CD73-dependent increase of adenosine in normal tissues mostly exerts tissue protective functions whereas chronically increased adenosine-levels in tissues exposed to DNA damaging chemotherapy or radiotherapy promote pathologic remodeling processes and fibrosis for example in the skin and the lung.	Adenosine	136-145	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	9-13
30506571-0	2019	Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Antagonism Improves Glycemic Control and Increases Energy Expenditure Through Sirtuin-1/Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 and 5"Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling.	Adenosine	159-168	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	0-22
30565670-3	2019	Therefore, we evaluate the ability of miR-1271 to influence cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis in HBV-associated HCC through the Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway via targeting CCNA1.	Adenosine	149-158	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	199-203
33727336-0	2021	Interleukin-7 protects CD8+ T cells from adenosine-mediated immunosuppression.	Adenosine	41-50	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	23-26
33727336-1	2021	The nucleoside adenosine accumulates extracellularly in solid tumors and inhibits CD8+ T cells by activating adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	15-24	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	82-85
30637481-2	2019	The major adenosine receptor complexes in the striato-pallidal GABA neurons can be the A2AR-D2R and A2AR-D2R-mGluR5 receptor complexes, in which A2AR protomers and mGluR5 protomers can allosterically interact to inhibit D2R protomer signaling.	Adenosine	10-19	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	109-115
33727336-1	2021	The nucleoside adenosine accumulates extracellularly in solid tumors and inhibits CD8+ T cells by activating adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	109-118	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	82-85
30637481-2	2019	The major adenosine receptor complexes in the striato-pallidal GABA neurons can be the A2AR-D2R and A2AR-D2R-mGluR5 receptor complexes, in which A2AR protomers and mGluR5 protomers can allosterically interact to inhibit D2R protomer signaling.	Adenosine	10-19	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	164-170
33727336-4	2021	Here, we found that IL-7 signaling promoted the accumulation of tumor-associated CD8+ T cells, in part, by preventing adenosine-mediated immunosuppression.	Adenosine	118-127	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	81-84
30746715-0	2019	Unravelling purinergic regulation in the epididymis: activation of V-ATPase-dependent acidification by luminal ATP and adenosine.	Adenosine	119-128	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit D2	Mus musculus	67-75
33727336-5	2021	Inhibition of the transcription factor FoxO1 downstream of IL-7 receptor signaling was important for protecting CD8+ T cells from suppression by adenosine.	Adenosine	145-154	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	112-115
30746715-4	2019	We demonstrate that the hydrolysis of ATP to produce adenosine by ectonucleotidases plays a key role in V-ATPase-dependent proton secretion, and is part of a feedback loop that ensures acidification of the luminal compartment These results help us better understand how professional proton-secreting cells respond to extracellular cues to modulate their functions, and how they communicate with neighbouring cells.	Adenosine	53-62	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit D2	Mus musculus	104-112
33690842-7	2021	Mechanistically, we found that ENT1-mediated adenosine transport is critical for cAMP homeostasis and the regulation of erythroid transcription factors.	Adenosine	45-54	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	31-35
33243500-4	2021	Besides, Mo or/and Cd elevated the number of autophagosome and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) puncta, upregulated mRNA levels of Beclin-1, LC3A, LC3B, Atg5 and adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase alpha1 (AMPKalpha-1), inhibited Dynein, p62 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) mRNA levels, increased Beclin-1 and LC3II/LC3I protein levels.	Adenosine	180-189	beclin 1	Homo sapiens	149-157
30069829-7	2019	Enzymes involved on adenosine metabolism, such as 5"-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase, were found to be reduced after RSV treatment, but adenosine levels remained unchanged.	Adenosine	20-29	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	70-89
31090331-4	2019	Through the study of network pharmacology,12 components of aspirin and Trichosanthis Fructus,including hydroxygenkwanin,quercetin and adenosine,were found to show the anti-platelet aggregation and anti-thrombosis mechanisms through9 common protein targets,such as SRC,RAC1,MAPK14,MAPK1,AKT1,and 14 common signaling pathways,such as VEGF signaling pathway.	Adenosine	134-143	Rac family small GTPase 1	Rattus norvegicus	268-272
33738064-0	2021	Biological Evaluation of 5"-(N-Ethylcarboxamido)adenosine Analogues as Grp94-Selective Inhibitors.	Adenosine	48-57	heat shock protein 90 beta family member 1	Homo sapiens	71-76
31090331-4	2019	Through the study of network pharmacology,12 components of aspirin and Trichosanthis Fructus,including hydroxygenkwanin,quercetin and adenosine,were found to show the anti-platelet aggregation and anti-thrombosis mechanisms through9 common protein targets,such as SRC,RAC1,MAPK14,MAPK1,AKT1,and 14 common signaling pathways,such as VEGF signaling pathway.	Adenosine	134-143	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	273-279
31090331-4	2019	Through the study of network pharmacology,12 components of aspirin and Trichosanthis Fructus,including hydroxygenkwanin,quercetin and adenosine,were found to show the anti-platelet aggregation and anti-thrombosis mechanisms through9 common protein targets,such as SRC,RAC1,MAPK14,MAPK1,AKT1,and 14 common signaling pathways,such as VEGF signaling pathway.	Adenosine	134-143	mitogen activated protein kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	273-278
33738064-4	2021	5"-(N-Ethylcarboxamido)adenosine (NECA) was identified from a high-throughput screen as one of the first molecules to exhibit isoform selectivity toward Grp94, with the ethyl group projecting into a unique pocket within the ATP binding site of Grp94.	Adenosine	23-32	heat shock protein 90 beta family member 1	Homo sapiens	153-158
33738064-4	2021	5"-(N-Ethylcarboxamido)adenosine (NECA) was identified from a high-throughput screen as one of the first molecules to exhibit isoform selectivity toward Grp94, with the ethyl group projecting into a unique pocket within the ATP binding site of Grp94.	Adenosine	23-32	heat shock protein 90 beta family member 1	Homo sapiens	244-249
33508418-3	2021	Meanwhile, the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPARalpha) blocker, GW6471, with the Adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, AICAR, were applied in vitro study to clarify the role of PPARalpha/SREBP-1c/FAS/GPAT/AMPK signal pathway in the process.	Adenosine	96-105	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	155-159
33508418-3	2021	Meanwhile, the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPARalpha) blocker, GW6471, with the Adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, AICAR, were applied in vitro study to clarify the role of PPARalpha/SREBP-1c/FAS/GPAT/AMPK signal pathway in the process.	Adenosine	96-105	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	258-262
30622168-5	2019	Rather, adenosine-induced depotentiation is inhibited by specific antagonists of p38 MAPK, but not by a structural analog that does not inhibit p38.	Adenosine	8-17	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
33394272-2	2021	Panx1-mediated adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) release plays a vital role in physiological and pathophysiological conditions and is known major extracellular molecule in purinergic signaling.	Adenosine	15-24	pannexin 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
30689733-0	2019	CD73-derived adenosine controls inflammation and neurodegeneration by modulating dopamine signalling.	Adenosine	13-22	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
33679138-4	2021	Exchange Protein directly Activated by cAMP (EPAC), as a newly emerging cAMP (adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate) downstream molecule, plays a vital role in the cellular pathways of IPF such as inhibiting fibroblast proliferation, stress fiber formation and epithelium cell adhesion, so it may be a novel target for drug development and treatment for curbing IPF.	Adenosine	78-87	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	45-49
30689733-3	2019	Here, we show that the ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73)-mediated adenosine formation provides an important input to activate A2AR, and upregulated CD73 and A2AR in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson"s disease models coordinatively contribute to the elevated adenosine signalling.	Adenosine	60-69	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	23-43
30689733-3	2019	Here, we show that the ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73)-mediated adenosine formation provides an important input to activate A2AR, and upregulated CD73 and A2AR in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson"s disease models coordinatively contribute to the elevated adenosine signalling.	Adenosine	60-69	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	45-49
30689733-3	2019	Here, we show that the ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73)-mediated adenosine formation provides an important input to activate A2AR, and upregulated CD73 and A2AR in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson"s disease models coordinatively contribute to the elevated adenosine signalling.	Adenosine	60-69	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	142-146
30689733-3	2019	Here, we show that the ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73)-mediated adenosine formation provides an important input to activate A2AR, and upregulated CD73 and A2AR in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson"s disease models coordinatively contribute to the elevated adenosine signalling.	Adenosine	292-301	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	23-43
30689733-3	2019	Here, we show that the ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73)-mediated adenosine formation provides an important input to activate A2AR, and upregulated CD73 and A2AR in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson"s disease models coordinatively contribute to the elevated adenosine signalling.	Adenosine	292-301	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	45-49
33472058-0	2021	N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an endogenous A3 adenosine receptor ligand.	Adenosine	9-18	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	20-23
30689733-3	2019	Here, we show that the ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73)-mediated adenosine formation provides an important input to activate A2AR, and upregulated CD73 and A2AR in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson"s disease models coordinatively contribute to the elevated adenosine signalling.	Adenosine	292-301	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	142-146
30689733-4	2019	Importantly, we demonstrate that CD73-derived adenosine-A2AR signalling modulates microglial immunoresponses and morphological dynamics.	Adenosine	46-55	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	33-37
30689733-6	2019	Limiting CD73-derived adenosine substantially suppressed microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and improved the viability of dopaminergic neurons and motor behaviours in Parkinson"s disease models.	Adenosine	22-31	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	9-13
33472058-3	2021	In this study, we explored the physiological role of these extracellular modified nucleosides and found that N6-methyladenosine (m6A), widely recognized as an epigenetic mark in RNA, acts as a ligand for the human adenosine A3 receptor, for which it has greater affinity than unmodified adenosine.	Adenosine	118-127	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	129-132
30689733-7	2019	Moreover, CD73 inactivation suppressed A2AR induction and A2AR-mediated pro-inflammatory responses, whereas replenishment of adenosine analogues restored these effects, suggesting that CD73 produces a self-regulating feed-forward adenosine formation to activate A2AR and promote neuroinflammation.	Adenosine	125-134	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	185-189
30689733-7	2019	Moreover, CD73 inactivation suppressed A2AR induction and A2AR-mediated pro-inflammatory responses, whereas replenishment of adenosine analogues restored these effects, suggesting that CD73 produces a self-regulating feed-forward adenosine formation to activate A2AR and promote neuroinflammation.	Adenosine	230-239	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	10-14
33586252-9	2021	Prg4 induction by fluid flow shear stress was diminished in Trpv2 knockout chondrocytes, and this was mediated by the Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein axis.	Adenosine	174-183	proteoglycan 4 (megakaryocyte stimulating factor, articular superficial zone protein)	Mus musculus	0-4
30689733-7	2019	Moreover, CD73 inactivation suppressed A2AR induction and A2AR-mediated pro-inflammatory responses, whereas replenishment of adenosine analogues restored these effects, suggesting that CD73 produces a self-regulating feed-forward adenosine formation to activate A2AR and promote neuroinflammation.	Adenosine	230-239	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	185-189
30689733-9	2019	Our study thus reveals a novel role for CD73-mediated nucleotide metabolism in regulating neuroinflammation and provides the proof-of-principle that targeting nucleotide metabolic pathways to limit adenosine production and neuroinflammation in Parkinson"s disease might be a promising therapeutic strategy.	Adenosine	198-207	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	40-44
30471091-5	2019	HS6ST2 transfers sulfate from adenosine 3"-phosphate, 5"-phosphosulfate to the sixth position of the N-sulphoglucosamine residue in heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans.	Adenosine	30-39	heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 2	Homo sapiens	0-6
30598426-9	2019	FGF2 also increased metabolism of endogenously released ATP, resulting in a transient increase in adenosine and substantial accumulation of extracellular inosine.	Adenosine	98-107	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
33586252-9	2021	Prg4 induction by fluid flow shear stress was diminished in Trpv2 knockout chondrocytes, and this was mediated by the Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein axis.	Adenosine	174-183	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 2	Mus musculus	60-65
33557872-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporters such as P-glycoprotein (PGP) play an important role in drug pharmacokinetics by actively effluxing their substrates at barrier interfaces, including the blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and placental barriers.	Adenosine	12-21	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	73-87
29671861-2	2019	Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptors P2Y1 and P2Y12 both play a role in platelet activation, The present hypothesis herein is that the inhibition of these receptors may affect the release of PEVs.	Adenosine	0-9	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	47-52
30734681-3	2019	Recently, the important role in the platelet aggregation of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-activated P2Y12 and P2Y1 receptors, Gprotein coupled receptors of the P2 purinergic family, has emerged, and their inhibitors are explored as potential therapeutic antithrombotics.	Adenosine	60-69	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	98-103
30336152-3	2019	Enhancing endogenous A2AR signaling, however, may be an alternative strategy for treating insomnia, because adenosine levels in the brain accumulate during wakefulness.	Adenosine	108-117	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	21-25
30336152-4	2019	In the present study, we found that 3,4-difluoro-2-((2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)amino)benzoic acid, denoted A2AR positive allosteric modulator (PAM)-1, enhanced adenosine signaling at the A2AR and induced slow wave sleep (SWS) without affecting body temperature in wild-type male mice after intraperitoneal administration, whereas the SWS-inducing effect of this benzoic acid derivative was abolished in A2AR KO mice.	Adenosine	156-165	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	103-107
30336152-4	2019	In the present study, we found that 3,4-difluoro-2-((2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)amino)benzoic acid, denoted A2AR positive allosteric modulator (PAM)-1, enhanced adenosine signaling at the A2AR and induced slow wave sleep (SWS) without affecting body temperature in wild-type male mice after intraperitoneal administration, whereas the SWS-inducing effect of this benzoic acid derivative was abolished in A2AR KO mice.	Adenosine	156-165	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	183-187
30336152-4	2019	In the present study, we found that 3,4-difluoro-2-((2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)amino)benzoic acid, denoted A2AR positive allosteric modulator (PAM)-1, enhanced adenosine signaling at the A2AR and induced slow wave sleep (SWS) without affecting body temperature in wild-type male mice after intraperitoneal administration, whereas the SWS-inducing effect of this benzoic acid derivative was abolished in A2AR KO mice.	Adenosine	156-165	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	183-187
30325443-7	2018	Most surprisingly, the bacterial enzyme has a signal sequence similar to that of eukaryotic ADGF/ADA2 and is specifically secreted into the extracellular space, where it may potentially control the level of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	221-230	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	92-96
30325443-7	2018	Most surprisingly, the bacterial enzyme has a signal sequence similar to that of eukaryotic ADGF/ADA2 and is specifically secreted into the extracellular space, where it may potentially control the level of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	221-230	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	97-101
30269308-12	2018	Overall, our data show that in IMFs an extracellular AMP-adenosine pathway is functionally active and among the different enzymatic pathways regulating extracellular adenosine levels, CD73 and ecto-ADA represent the critical catabolic pathway.	Adenosine	57-66	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	184-188
30269308-12	2018	Overall, our data show that in IMFs an extracellular AMP-adenosine pathway is functionally active and among the different enzymatic pathways regulating extracellular adenosine levels, CD73 and ecto-ADA represent the critical catabolic pathway.	Adenosine	166-175	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	184-188
30560130-6	2018	During healthy aging, elderly lymph nodes adopted a regulatory profile, characterized by: (i) increased plasmacytoid DCs, (ii) increased expression of the adenosine-producing enzyme CD73 on CD11c+ cells, and (iii) increased expression of multiple regulatory markers (including CD73, the adenosine A2B receptor, CTLA-4, PD-1, ICOS, LAG-3, and IL-10) on CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, compared to lymph nodes from young mice.	Adenosine	155-164	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	182-186
30467503-6	2018	Hypoxia also fuels the generation of adenosine from the cancer-associated ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	37-46	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	95-99
30303204-1	2018	Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase1 (NTPDase1, CD39) is a major ectonucleotidase that hydrolyzes proinflammatory ATP via ADP to AMP, which is subsequently converted by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	230-239	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	181-201
30303204-1	2018	Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase1 (NTPDase1, CD39) is a major ectonucleotidase that hydrolyzes proinflammatory ATP via ADP to AMP, which is subsequently converted by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	230-239	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	203-207
33557872-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporters such as P-glycoprotein (PGP) play an important role in drug pharmacokinetics by actively effluxing their substrates at barrier interfaces, including the blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and placental barriers.	Adenosine	12-21	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
33538796-2	2021	We show that TSP-1 is a critical mediator of hemostasis that promotes platelet activation by modulating inhibitory cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling.	Adenosine	122-131	thrombospondin 1	Mus musculus	13-18
33523764-10	2021	Compared to controls, platelet-pulmonary endothelial aggregates and pulmonary hypertension induced by adenosine diphosphate were decreased in NEDD9-/- mice or wild type mice treated with the anti-NEDD9 antibody, which also decreased chronic pulmonary thromboembolic remodeling in vivo.	Adenosine	102-111	neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated gene 9	Mus musculus	142-147
33078449-7	2021	The docking study of the most potent compound against VEGFR-2 with the best-scored conformations displayed a binding affinity (-9.5 kcal/mol) comparable with the drug sunitinib (-9.9 kcal/mol) and exhibited that tighter interactions at the active adenosine triphosphate site might be responsible for anticancer potency.	Adenosine	247-256	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	54-61
33552397-0	2021	Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 secretion by dimethyl sulfoxide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in human monocytes.	Adenosine	84-93	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	14-40
33410337-8	2021	In the computational model, adenosine yielded a significant reduction of action potential duration 90 (52%) and PWD (7%).	Adenosine	28-37	ATPase copper transporting beta	Homo sapiens	112-115
33537003-3	2020	Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase, has been reported to not only deacetylate histones to modulate chromatin function but also deacetylate numerous transcription factors to regulate the expression of target genes, both positively and negatively.	Adenosine	34-43	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	0-9
33537003-3	2020	Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase, has been reported to not only deacetylate histones to modulate chromatin function but also deacetylate numerous transcription factors to regulate the expression of target genes, both positively and negatively.	Adenosine	34-43	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	11-16
33428944-2	2021	Here we study the enzymology of three human RNA methyltransferases that methylate the adenosine amino group in diverse contexts, when it is: the first transcribed nucleotide after the mRNA cap (PCIF1), at position 1832 of 18S rRNA (MettL5-Trm112 complex), and within a hairpin in the 3" UTR of the S-adenosyl-l-methionine synthetase (MettL16).	Adenosine	86-95	methyltransferase 5, N6-adenosine	Homo sapiens	232-238
33428944-2	2021	Here we study the enzymology of three human RNA methyltransferases that methylate the adenosine amino group in diverse contexts, when it is: the first transcribed nucleotide after the mRNA cap (PCIF1), at position 1832 of 18S rRNA (MettL5-Trm112 complex), and within a hairpin in the 3" UTR of the S-adenosyl-l-methionine synthetase (MettL16).	Adenosine	86-95	tRNA methyltransferase activator subunit 11-2	Homo sapiens	239-245
33410631-0	2021	Anterior thalamic nuclei deep brain stimulation inhibits mossy fiber sprouting via 3",5"-cyclic adenosine monophosphate protein kinase A signaling pathway in a chronic epileptic monkey model.	Adenosine	96-105	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Macaca mulatta	120-136
33180318-12	2021	Polymorphisms in adenosine receptor genes ADORA1 (rs10920568 and rs12744240), ADORA2A (rs34923252 and rs5996696), and ADORA3 (rs10776727 and rs2298191), especially in AHR (rs4410790) and adenosine deaminase (rs521704), play critical roles in the interindividual response to caffeine therapy.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	187-206
33539025-5	2021	These include mechanisms that were conserved during evolution but have gained special features in multicellular eukaryotes, such as pathways regulated by eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF-2)-alpha kinase (GCN2, also named general control nonderepressible 2 kinase), 5"-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and target of rapamycin (TOR).The interplay between IDO-1 and above-mentioned pathway seems to be highly context dependent.	Adenosine	283-292	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4	Homo sapiens	219-223
33539025-5	2021	These include mechanisms that were conserved during evolution but have gained special features in multicellular eukaryotes, such as pathways regulated by eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF-2)-alpha kinase (GCN2, also named general control nonderepressible 2 kinase), 5"-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and target of rapamycin (TOR).The interplay between IDO-1 and above-mentioned pathway seems to be highly context dependent.	Adenosine	283-292	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4	Homo sapiens	236-270
33683190-0	2021	CD39/CD73/A2a Adenosine Metabolic Pathway: Targets for Moxibustion in Treating DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis.	Adenosine	14-23	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	0-4
33545804-4	2021	Niraparib is a poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor that uses the concept of synthetic lethality in the presence of a mutation in the breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA).	Adenosine	21-30	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	196-200
33197575-3	2021	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is the degrading enzyme for an immunosuppressive signal - adenosine, and play an important role in immune homeostasis regulation.	Adenosine	84-93	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
33197575-3	2021	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is the degrading enzyme for an immunosuppressive signal - adenosine, and play an important role in immune homeostasis regulation.	Adenosine	84-93	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
33096224-1	2021	Late-onset preeclampsia (LOPE) associates with reduced umbilical vein reactivity and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity but increased human cationic amino acid (hCAT-1)-mediated L-arginine transport involving A2A adenosine receptor in the fetoplacental unit.	Adenosine	228-237	solute carrier family 7 member 1	Homo sapiens	176-182
33091310-1	2021	Cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element (CRE) binding protein (CREB) is a nuclear transcription factor that regulates the transcription of several genes containing the CRE sites in their promoters.	Adenosine	7-16	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	71-75
33148660-3	2021	Loss of ZMYND8 triggered activation of the DNA sensor cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase in micronuclei, leading to further activation of the downstream signaling effectors stimulator of interferon genes and NF-kappaB, but not TANK-binding kinase 1 and interferon regulatory factor 3, thereby inducing the expression of interferon-beta and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in breast cancer cells in vitro and tumors in vivo.	Adenosine	85-94	interferon beta 1, fibroblast	Mus musculus	349-364
29909144-2	2018	PDE8B degrades cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), a second messenger involved in dopamine signaling.	Adenosine	22-31	phosphodiesterase 8B	Homo sapiens	0-5
32576926-5	2021	Notably, neonatal lungs also contained higher levels of cAMP, a secondary messenger produced following adenosine receptor signaling, than adult lungs and increased responsiveness to R848 was observed in adult mice when adenosine was coadministered.	Adenosine	103-112	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Mus musculus	56-60
30425720-5	2018	NK cells were shown to be hyper-responsive to adenosine when primed with IL-12 and IL-15 compared to IL-2, exhibiting enhanced IFN-gamma expression from CD56bright and CD56dim subsets while modulating the expression of activation marker NKG2D.	Adenosine	46-55	killer cell lectin like receptor K1	Homo sapiens	237-242
32576926-5	2021	Notably, neonatal lungs also contained higher levels of cAMP, a secondary messenger produced following adenosine receptor signaling, than adult lungs and increased responsiveness to R848 was observed in adult mice when adenosine was coadministered.	Adenosine	219-228	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Mus musculus	56-60
33357687-0	2021	Genistein activated adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase-sirtuin1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha pathway potentially through adiponectin and estrogen receptor beta signaling to suppress fat deposition in broiler chickens.	Adenosine	20-29	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Gallus gallus	177-188
29871907-8	2018	In vitro overexpression of SLC29A1 in human endothelial cells disrupted adenosine signaling and reduced nitric oxide levels that were further lowered upon bevacizumab exposure.Conclusions: The genomic region between SLC29A1 and HSP90AB1 and its role in regulating adenosine signaling are key targets for further investigation into the pathogenesis of bevacizumab-induced hypertension.	Adenosine	72-81	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	27-34
29871907-8	2018	In vitro overexpression of SLC29A1 in human endothelial cells disrupted adenosine signaling and reduced nitric oxide levels that were further lowered upon bevacizumab exposure.Conclusions: The genomic region between SLC29A1 and HSP90AB1 and its role in regulating adenosine signaling are key targets for further investigation into the pathogenesis of bevacizumab-induced hypertension.	Adenosine	264-273	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	27-34
33357687-0	2021	Genistein activated adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase-sirtuin1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha pathway potentially through adiponectin and estrogen receptor beta signaling to suppress fat deposition in broiler chickens.	Adenosine	20-29	estrogen receptor 2	Gallus gallus	193-215
29871907-8	2018	In vitro overexpression of SLC29A1 in human endothelial cells disrupted adenosine signaling and reduced nitric oxide levels that were further lowered upon bevacizumab exposure.Conclusions: The genomic region between SLC29A1 and HSP90AB1 and its role in regulating adenosine signaling are key targets for further investigation into the pathogenesis of bevacizumab-induced hypertension.	Adenosine	264-273	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	216-223
33370779-6	2020	These genes included Slc29a1 encoding an equilibrative nucleoside transporter (Slc29a1/ENT1) that utilizes adenosine as a preferred substrate.	Adenosine	107-116	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	21-28
33370779-6	2020	These genes included Slc29a1 encoding an equilibrative nucleoside transporter (Slc29a1/ENT1) that utilizes adenosine as a preferred substrate.	Adenosine	107-116	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	79-86
33370779-6	2020	These genes included Slc29a1 encoding an equilibrative nucleoside transporter (Slc29a1/ENT1) that utilizes adenosine as a preferred substrate.	Adenosine	107-116	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	87-91
33220174-0	2020	N6-Adenosine Methylation of Socs1 mRNA Is Required to Sustain the Negative Feedback Control of Macrophage Activation.	Adenosine	3-12	suppressor of cytokine signaling 1	Mus musculus	28-33
33437375-1	2020	Adora2B (adenosine receptor 2B) has been reported as one of the key modulators during cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI).	Adenosine	9-18	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	0-7
32910479-3	2020	METHODS: The in-vitro reactions between the putative prodrug CNCbl-mCP with the NMPs of adenosine (AMP), guanosine (GMP), cytidine (CMP) and uridine (UMP) were carried out in slightly acid water/methanol solutions at 37  C for 24 h. Each sample was examined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization in positive ion mode and tandem mass spectrometry (RPLC/ESI-MS/MS) by collision induced dissociation (CID) in a linear ion-trap mass spectrometer.	Adenosine	88-97	CD46 antigen, complement regulatory protein	Mus musculus	67-70
33409479-4	2021	In Kctd13 -/- neurons, there were increased levels of succinyl-adenosine (S-Ado), a metabolite downstream of ADSS.	Adenosine	63-72	potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 13	Homo sapiens	3-9
33131093-8	2020	Moreover, elevated cochlear adenosine in untreated mice was associated with enhanced Adora2b gene expression.	Adenosine	28-37	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	85-92
33131093-11	2020	Overall, understanding purinergic molecular signaling in SNHL in Ada-/- mice allows us to further discover that ADORA2B is also a pathogenic factor underlying aged-related SNHL by impairing cochlear myelination and lowering cochlear adenosine levels or blocking ADORA2B signaling are effective therapies for SNHL.	Adenosine	233-242	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	112-119
32828811-7	2020	Furthermore, UII induced the phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) through the UII-UTR1/5 system.	Adenosine	55-64	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Xenopus tropicalis	120-124
32356316-2	2020	We show that MA inhibited the enzymatic activity of FXa and platelet aggregation, induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a thromboxane A2 (TXA2 ) analog, U46619 with a similar antithrombotic efficacy to rivaroxaban, a direct FXa inhibitor used as a positive control.	Adenosine	93-102	coagulation factor X	Homo sapiens	52-55
32967524-2	2020	The methylation of adenosine at N6 position generates N6-methyladenosine (m6A), which is the most abundant and reversible epitranscriptomic modification in mammals.	Adenosine	19-28	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	74-77
33299899-4	2020	In particular, we focus on the interaction of the extracellular nucleotide adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with its receptors P2X1, P2X4, P2X7, P2Y1, and P2Y2 and of adenosine (Ado) with A2A and A3 receptors, as well as their roles in host immune responses.	Adenosine	75-84	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Homo sapiens	151-155
32916566-2	2020	Adenosine catabolism is regulated by the activity of the adenosine deaminase enzyme (ADA), for which several polymorphisms have been identified.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	57-83
32916566-2	2020	Adenosine catabolism is regulated by the activity of the adenosine deaminase enzyme (ADA), for which several polymorphisms have been identified.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	85-88
33324223-3	2020	Adenosine and the key adenosine regulators adenosine deaminase (ADA), adenosine kinase (ADK), and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 may play a role in COVID-19 pathogenesis.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	43-62
33324223-3	2020	Adenosine and the key adenosine regulators adenosine deaminase (ADA), adenosine kinase (ADK), and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 may play a role in COVID-19 pathogenesis.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	64-67
33324223-3	2020	Adenosine and the key adenosine regulators adenosine deaminase (ADA), adenosine kinase (ADK), and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 may play a role in COVID-19 pathogenesis.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	43-62
33324223-3	2020	Adenosine and the key adenosine regulators adenosine deaminase (ADA), adenosine kinase (ADK), and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 may play a role in COVID-19 pathogenesis.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	64-67
33324223-4	2020	Here, we highlight 1) the non-enzymatic role of ADA by which it might out-compete the virus (SARS-CoV-2) for binding to the CD26 receptor, 2) the enzymatic roles of ADK and ADA to increase adenosine levels and ameliorate Advanced Respiratory Distress Syndrome, and 3) inhibition of adenosine transporters to reduce platelet activation, thrombosis and improve COVID-19 outcomes.	Adenosine	189-198	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	48-51
33324223-4	2020	Here, we highlight 1) the non-enzymatic role of ADA by which it might out-compete the virus (SARS-CoV-2) for binding to the CD26 receptor, 2) the enzymatic roles of ADK and ADA to increase adenosine levels and ameliorate Advanced Respiratory Distress Syndrome, and 3) inhibition of adenosine transporters to reduce platelet activation, thrombosis and improve COVID-19 outcomes.	Adenosine	189-198	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	173-176
33324223-5	2020	Depending on the stage of exposure to and infection by SARS-CoV-2, enhancing adenosine levels by targeting key adenosine regulators such as ADA, ADK and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 might find therapeutic use against COVID-19 and warrants further investigation.	Adenosine	77-86	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	140-143
33324223-5	2020	Depending on the stage of exposure to and infection by SARS-CoV-2, enhancing adenosine levels by targeting key adenosine regulators such as ADA, ADK and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 might find therapeutic use against COVID-19 and warrants further investigation.	Adenosine	111-120	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	140-143
33152456-6	2020	The findings suggest that G-1 stimulates GPR30-mediated mechanisms via cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A/nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A members activity in the regulation of Pomc in corticotroph cells.	Adenosine	78-87	G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1	Mus musculus	41-46
32564901-10	2020	Importantly, mice lacking an astrocytic adenosine transporter, ENT1 (equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1; Slc29a1), show no transition from habitual to goal-directed reward-seeking behaviors upon astrocyte activation, while restoring ENT1 expression in the DMS facilitated this transition.	Adenosine	40-49	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	63-67
32564901-10	2020	Importantly, mice lacking an astrocytic adenosine transporter, ENT1 (equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1; Slc29a1), show no transition from habitual to goal-directed reward-seeking behaviors upon astrocyte activation, while restoring ENT1 expression in the DMS facilitated this transition.	Adenosine	40-49	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	69-107
32564901-10	2020	Importantly, mice lacking an astrocytic adenosine transporter, ENT1 (equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1; Slc29a1), show no transition from habitual to goal-directed reward-seeking behaviors upon astrocyte activation, while restoring ENT1 expression in the DMS facilitated this transition.	Adenosine	40-49	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	109-116
33046502-4	2020	We find widespread loss of adenosine-to-inosine editing of Alu RNAs in MS. Unedited Alu RNAs are potent activators of both IFN and NF-kappaB responses via the dsRNA sensors, RIG-I, and TLR3.	Adenosine	27-36	DExD/H-box helicase 58	Homo sapiens	174-179
33119282-2	2020	While many different classes of adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP)-competitive inhibitors have been described for CK2alpha, they tend to suffer from significant off-target activity and new approaches are needed.	Adenosine	32-41	casein kinase 2 alpha 2	Homo sapiens	111-119
32911190-6	2020	Molecular docking studies showed that the inhibition of tuberculosinyl adenosine transferase (Rv3378c) could constitute an antimycobacterial mechanism of action for these triterpenic azepane derivatives.	Adenosine	71-80	diterpene synthase	Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv	94-101
32687725-6	2020	Exercise training or Mst1 deficiency abated oxidative stress and reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species formation, attenuated mitochondrial swelling, and enhanced mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate formation and mitochondrial membrane potential in myocardium of diabetic mice.	Adenosine	184-193	macrophage stimulating 1 (hepatocyte growth factor-like)	Mus musculus	21-25
32996649-1	2020	INTRODUCTION: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-responsive element-binding protein H (CREBH), an endoplasmic reticulum-anchored transcription factor essential for lipid metabolism and inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is covalently modified by N-acetylglucosamine.	Adenosine	21-30	cAMP responsive element binding protein 3-like 3	Mus musculus	89-94
33120985-9	2020	Thus, NAD+ is a significant source of adenosine and UA in the airways in mouse models of allergic airway disease, and the capacity for their generation from NAD+ is augmented by CD38, a major NADase with high affinity for NAD+.	Adenosine	38-47	CD38 antigen	Mus musculus	178-182
33122944-1	2020	Background: Adenosine triphosphatase H+ transporting accessory protein 2 (ATP6AP2), also known as (pro)renin receptor, is implicated in tumorigenesis and the progression of several types of cancer.	Adenosine	12-21	ATPase H+ transporting accessory protein 2	Homo sapiens	74-81
30145320-2	2018	We previously found that expression changes in the adenosine metabolizing enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK) in the adult brain are associated with deficits in various cognitive domains.	Adenosine	51-60	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	81-97
33122944-1	2020	Background: Adenosine triphosphatase H+ transporting accessory protein 2 (ATP6AP2), also known as (pro)renin receptor, is implicated in tumorigenesis and the progression of several types of cancer.	Adenosine	12-21	ATPase H+ transporting accessory protein 2	Homo sapiens	103-117
30145320-2	2018	We previously found that expression changes in the adenosine metabolizing enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK) in the adult brain are associated with deficits in various cognitive domains.	Adenosine	51-60	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	99-102
33081024-5	2020	Herein, we first studied the role of extracellular Adenosine (ADO) on isolated human U343MG cells as a glioblastoma cellular model, finding that at high concentrations it was able to prompt the gene expression of Snail and ZEB1, which regulate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, even if a complete transition was not reached.	Adenosine	51-60	zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	223-227
33081024-5	2020	Herein, we first studied the role of extracellular Adenosine (ADO) on isolated human U343MG cells as a glioblastoma cellular model, finding that at high concentrations it was able to prompt the gene expression of Snail and ZEB1, which regulate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, even if a complete transition was not reached.	Adenosine	62-65	zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	223-227
29694248-1	2018	ADAR1 (adenosine deaminase acting on double-stranded RNA 1) is an RNA-editing enzyme that mediates adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing events, an important post-transcriptional modification mechanism that can alter the coding properties of mRNA or regulate microRNA biogenesis.	Adenosine	7-16	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	0-5
32989163-2	2020	Two major human AlkB family members, FTO and ALKBH5, both act as oxidative demethylases of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) but furnish different major products, N6-hydroxymethyladenosine (hm6A) and adenosine (A), respectively.	Adenosine	100-109	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	16-20
33044386-2	2021	Methotrexate acts by enhancing the level of adenosine, which gets converted to inosine by the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	44-53	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	101-120
29870090-5	2018	Western blot analysis showed that l-AHG effectively attenuated alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced melanogenic proteins by inhibiting cyclic adenosine monophosphate/cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Akt signaling pathways in HEMs.	Adenosine	150-159	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	63-99
29870090-5	2018	Western blot analysis showed that l-AHG effectively attenuated alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced melanogenic proteins by inhibiting cyclic adenosine monophosphate/cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Akt signaling pathways in HEMs.	Adenosine	181-190	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	63-99
29548686-2	2018	Adenosine has been shown to trigger hypothermia via agonism at A1 and A3 adenosine receptors (A1AR, A3AR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	63-92
33044386-2	2021	Methotrexate acts by enhancing the level of adenosine, which gets converted to inosine by the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	44-53	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	122-125
29548686-2	2018	Adenosine has been shown to trigger hypothermia via agonism at A1 and A3 adenosine receptors (A1AR, A3AR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	94-98
33050279-1	2020	Investigation into the role of methylation of the adenosine base (m6A) of RNA has only recently begun, but it quickly became apparent that m6A is able to control and fine-tune many aspects of mRNA, from splicing to translation.	Adenosine	50-59	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	139-142
29548686-3	2018	Here, we find that adenosine continues to elicit hypothermia in mice null for A1AR and A3AR and investigated the effect of agonism at A2AAR or A2BAR.	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	78-82
29923026-1	2018	Adenosine signaling via the A2a receptor (A2aR) is emerging as an important checkpoint of immune responses.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	28-40
33135341-10	2020	Mechanistically, TRPC6 inhibited mitochondrial fission in the hippocampus of diabetic mice undergoing RH episodes by activating adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase, and TRPC6-mediated cytosolic calcium influx was required for this process.	Adenosine	128-137	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6	Mus musculus	17-22
29923026-1	2018	Adenosine signaling via the A2a receptor (A2aR) is emerging as an important checkpoint of immune responses.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	42-46
32776712-5	2020	By this assay, we demonstrated that RecA filaments-catalysed adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis approached a second-order reaction, and its rate constant was estimated as 0.057 mM-1 min-1 .	Adenosine	61-70	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	36-40
29271068-4	2018	However, in a metabolic syndrome animal model, the effects of leptin in ventilatory control, carotid sinus nerve activity and adenosine release by the CB are blunted.	Adenosine	126-135	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	62-68
32776712-6	2020	In addition, we explored the effects of DNA length on this reaction and revealed that the increase of the length of single-stranded DNA can promote the adenosine triphosphatase hydrolytic activity of RecA filaments.	Adenosine	152-161	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	200-204
29271068-13	2018	Leptin did not modify intracellular Ca2+ in CB chemoreceptor cells, but it produced an increase in the release of adenosine from the whole CB.	Adenosine	114-123	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
29271068-15	2018	We also concluded that leptin signalling is mediated by adenosine release and that HF diets blunt leptin responses in the CB, compromising ventilatory adaptation.	Adenosine	56-65	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	23-29
32269319-5	2020	Indeed, adenosine signaling impaired antibody-mediated cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) by macrophages and limited the generation of anti-lymphoma CD8+ T cells.	Adenosine	8-17	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	143-146
29973267-0	2018	Human mesenchymal stromal cells inhibit platelet activation and aggregation involving CD73-converted adenosine.	Adenosine	101-110	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	86-90
29973267-10	2018	Using inhibitors of the CD39-CD73-adenosine axis, we showed that adenosine produced by CD73 ectonucleotidase activity was largely responsible for the LA-MSC and BM-MSC platelet inhibitory action.	Adenosine	34-43	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	87-91
29973267-10	2018	Using inhibitors of the CD39-CD73-adenosine axis, we showed that adenosine produced by CD73 ectonucleotidase activity was largely responsible for the LA-MSC and BM-MSC platelet inhibitory action.	Adenosine	65-74	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	29-33
32999463-5	2020	ATP triggers the recruitment of microglial protrusions and is converted by the microglial ATP/ADP hydrolysing ectoenzyme CD39 into AMP; AMP is then converted into adenosine by CD73, which is expressed on microglia as well as other brain cells.	Adenosine	163-172	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	121-125
29973267-10	2018	Using inhibitors of the CD39-CD73-adenosine axis, we showed that adenosine produced by CD73 ectonucleotidase activity was largely responsible for the LA-MSC and BM-MSC platelet inhibitory action.	Adenosine	65-74	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	87-91
29973267-13	2018	We now show that MSCs can, dependent on their tissue origin, inhibit platelet activation involving adenosine converted from adenosine monophosphate by CD73 ectonucleotidase activity.	Adenosine	99-108	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	151-155
32682846-4	2020	It was shown that zinc significantly induced the level of Beclin1 and LC3B by activating adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway.	Adenosine	89-98	beclin 1	Homo sapiens	58-65
32682846-4	2020	It was shown that zinc significantly induced the level of Beclin1 and LC3B by activating adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway.	Adenosine	89-98	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	148-152
32962063-10	2020	Here, we demonstrate that JMS safely and effectively inhibits alpha-MSH-induced melanogenesis via the CaMKKbeta (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase beta)-AMPK (5" adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway.	Adenosine	172-181	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2, beta	Mus musculus	102-161
29914571-5	2018	Hypoxia, high cell turnover, and expression of CD39 and CD73 are important factors in adenosine production.	Adenosine	86-95	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	56-60
32899862-2	2020	In P2X7R knockout (KO) mice, prolonged astroglial HSP25 induction exerts 5" adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1-mediated autophagic pathway independent of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity following KA injection.	Adenosine	76-85	heat shock protein 1	Mus musculus	50-55
29455338-4	2018	Extracellular ATP is mainly hydrolyzed by NTPDase1/CD39 and NTPDase2/CD39L1, generating AMP, which is hydrolyzed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to adenosine, a possible promoter of tumor growth and metastasis.	Adenosine	147-156	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	116-136
29455338-4	2018	Extracellular ATP is mainly hydrolyzed by NTPDase1/CD39 and NTPDase2/CD39L1, generating AMP, which is hydrolyzed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to adenosine, a possible promoter of tumor growth and metastasis.	Adenosine	147-156	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	138-142
29455338-8	2018	In addition, adenosine induced an increase in proliferation and migration in PTC derived cells, whose effect was blocked by APCP, a non-hydrolysable ADP analogue, which is an inhibitor of CD73.	Adenosine	13-22	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	188-192
32445585-3	2020	Studies have demonstrated that adenosine 5"-phosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) play a negative regulatory role in osteoclast differentiation and function.	Adenosine	31-40	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	86-90
30221054-2	2018	Adenosine (ADO), an immunosuppressive molecule, is produced within MM patients" BM by adenosinergic ectoenzymes, starting from ATP (CD39/CD73) or NAD+ [CD38/CD203a(PC-1)/CD73].	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	137-141
30221054-2	2018	Adenosine (ADO), an immunosuppressive molecule, is produced within MM patients" BM by adenosinergic ectoenzymes, starting from ATP (CD39/CD73) or NAD+ [CD38/CD203a(PC-1)/CD73].	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	170-174
30221054-2	2018	Adenosine (ADO), an immunosuppressive molecule, is produced within MM patients" BM by adenosinergic ectoenzymes, starting from ATP (CD39/CD73) or NAD+ [CD38/CD203a(PC-1)/CD73].	Adenosine	11-14	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	137-141
30221054-2	2018	Adenosine (ADO), an immunosuppressive molecule, is produced within MM patients" BM by adenosinergic ectoenzymes, starting from ATP (CD39/CD73) or NAD+ [CD38/CD203a(PC-1)/CD73].	Adenosine	11-14	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	170-174
32574967-1	2020	Recent studies have indicated that the transcription factor cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) is involved in the etiology of epilepsy.	Adenosine	67-76	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	125-129
29205377-9	2018	Furthermore, we show that the dopamine D1 receptors evoked ERK1/2 activation as well as the NR2B(Tyr1472) phosphorylation are also regulated by endogenous adenosine and A2A Rs.	Adenosine	155-164	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	59-65
32954345-12	2020	Pharmacological stimulation of four G-protein-coupled receptors enriched in the striatal parvalbumin interneurons inhibited Gdnf expression presumably by decreasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate formation.	Adenosine	172-181	parvalbumin	Homo sapiens	89-100
32847424-7	2022	Also, there was a significant decrease in the activity of adenosine monophosphohydrolase (AMPase) with a simultaneous increase in activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA), adenosine triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (ATPdase), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in scopolamine-induced rats when compared with the control.	Adenosine	58-67	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	256-277
32847424-7	2022	Also, there was a significant decrease in the activity of adenosine monophosphohydrolase (AMPase) with a simultaneous increase in activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA), adenosine triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (ATPdase), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in scopolamine-induced rats when compared with the control.	Adenosine	58-67	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	279-283
29306022-1	2018	T regulatory cells (Tregs), involved in tumour tolerance, can generate Adenosine by CD39/CD73 surface enzymes, which identify four Tregs subsets: CD39+CD73- nTregs, CD39+CD73+ iTregs, CD39-CD73+ oTregs and CD39-CD73- xTregs.	Adenosine	71-80	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	89-93
32843065-0	2020	Upregulation of METTL14 mediates the elevation of PERP mRNA N6 adenosine methylation promoting the growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer.	Adenosine	63-72	methyltransferase 14, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase subunit	Homo sapiens	16-23
29769837-3	2018	Alternatively, ADO can be generated starting from NAD+, which is metabolized by the concerted action of CD38, CD203a/PC-1, and CD73.	Adenosine	15-18	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	127-131
32843065-0	2020	Upregulation of METTL14 mediates the elevation of PERP mRNA N6 adenosine methylation promoting the growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer.	Adenosine	63-72	p53 apoptosis effector related to PMP22	Homo sapiens	50-54
32843065-11	2020	Methylation of the target adenosine lead to increased PERP mRNA turnover, thus decreasing PERP (mRNA and protein) levels in pancreatic cancer cells.	Adenosine	26-35	p53 apoptosis effector related to PMP22	Homo sapiens	54-58
29518009-2	2018	In this study, gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays demonstrated that miR-25-3p positively regulated the metabolism of C2C12 cells by attenuating phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) gene expression and triglyceride (TG) content, and enhancing the content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS).	Adenosine	263-272	microRNA 25	Mus musculus	78-84
32843065-11	2020	Methylation of the target adenosine lead to increased PERP mRNA turnover, thus decreasing PERP (mRNA and protein) levels in pancreatic cancer cells.	Adenosine	26-35	p53 apoptosis effector related to PMP22	Homo sapiens	90-94
29244203-0	2018	Pediatric tolerogenic DCs expressing CD4 and immunoglobulin-like transcript receptor (ILT)-4 secrete IL-10 in response to Fc and adenosine.	Adenosine	129-138	leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptor B2	Homo sapiens	45-92
32911914-2	2020	Reactive oxygen species, high concentrations of adenosine triphosphate and uric acid activate the pyroptosis system, which then cleaves the pore formation mechanism of gasdermin-D, leading to the death of liver cells, accompanied by the release of interleukin-1beta, interleukin-18, and other inflammatory factors.	Adenosine	48-57	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	267-281
32824670-8	2020	While in mesenchymal GSCs, both CD73 and Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP) contribute to the AMP (adenosine monophosphate) hydrolysis.	Adenosine	97-106	acid phosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	41-67
32879619-6	2020	MCL also prevented LPS- and adenosine triphosphate-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vitro, as evidenced by the inhibition of NLRP3 expression, caspase-1 cleavage, and interleukin-1beta and interleukin-18 maturation and secretion.	Adenosine	28-37	caspase 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-160
29426934-0	2018	Involvement of orexin neurons in fasting- and central adenosine-induced hypothermia.	Adenosine	54-63	hypocretin	Mus musculus	15-21
29426934-1	2018	We examined whether orexin neurons might play a protective role against fasting- and adenosine-induced hypothermia.	Adenosine	85-94	hypocretin	Mus musculus	20-26
32761233-1	2020	Adenosine monophosphate deaminase 3 (Ampd3) encodes the erythrocyte isoform of the adenosine monophosphate (AMP) deaminase gene family.	Adenosine	83-92	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 3	Mus musculus	0-35
29426934-9	2018	We propose that orexin neurons play dual roles (enhancer in the induction phase and compensator during the recovery phase) in adenosine-induced hypothermia and a protective/compensatory role in fasting-induced hypothermia.	Adenosine	126-135	hypocretin	Mus musculus	16-22
32761233-1	2020	Adenosine monophosphate deaminase 3 (Ampd3) encodes the erythrocyte isoform of the adenosine monophosphate (AMP) deaminase gene family.	Adenosine	83-92	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 3	Mus musculus	37-42
32589834-4	2020	MSUT2 protein functions to bind poly adenosine [poly(A)] tails of messenger RNA through its C-terminal CCCH type zinc finger domains and loss of CCCH domain function suppresses tauopathy in C. elegans and mice.	Adenosine	37-46	zinc finger CCCH-type containing 14	Homo sapiens	0-5
28982732-7	2018	Thus, we identify adenosine as a novel negative regulator of ILC2 activation.-Csoka, B., Nemeth, Z. H., Duerr, C. U., Fritz, J. H., Pacher, P., Hasko, G. Adenosine receptors differentially regulate type 2 cytokine production by IL-33-activated bone marrow cells, ILC2s, and macrophages.	Adenosine	18-27	interleukin 33	Homo sapiens	228-233
32182396-3	2020	The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of adenosine depletion with pegylated adenosine deaminase (PEG-ADA) in preclinical models of SSc.	Adenosine	72-81	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	107-126
29222395-6	2018	Therefore, we investigated the role of adenosine in the regulation of V-ATPase in ICs.	Adenosine	39-48	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit D2	Mus musculus	70-78
29222395-7	2018	Intravenous treatment of mice with adenosine or agonists of ADORA2A and ADORA2B purinergic P1 receptors induced V-ATPase apical membrane accumulation in medullary A-ICs but not in cortical A-ICs or other IC subtypes.	Adenosine	35-44	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit D2	Mus musculus	112-120
29222395-9	2018	Cell fractionation showed that adenosine or an ADORA2A or ADORA2B agonist induced V-ATPase translocation from vesicles to the plasma membrane and increased protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent protein phosphorylation in purified medullary ICs that were isolated from mice.	Adenosine	31-40	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit D2	Mus musculus	82-90
29222395-11	2018	Finally, a fluorescence pH assay showed that adenosine activates V-ATPase in isolated medullary ICs.	Adenosine	45-54	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit D2	Mus musculus	65-73
29222395-12	2018	Our study shows that medullary A-ICs respond to luminal adenosine through ADORA2A and ADORA2B receptors in a cAMP/PKA pathway-dependent mechanism to induce V-ATPase-dependent H+ secretion.	Adenosine	56-65	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	74-81
29222395-12	2018	Our study shows that medullary A-ICs respond to luminal adenosine through ADORA2A and ADORA2B receptors in a cAMP/PKA pathway-dependent mechanism to induce V-ATPase-dependent H+ secretion.	Adenosine	56-65	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit D2	Mus musculus	156-164
29345574-1	2018	CD73, also known as ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN, NT5E, EC3.13.5), is the ratelimiting enzyme for adenosine generation and is expressed on multiple cells.	Adenosine	94-103	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
29345574-1	2018	CD73, also known as ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN, NT5E, EC3.13.5), is the ratelimiting enzyme for adenosine generation and is expressed on multiple cells.	Adenosine	94-103	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	20-40
29345574-1	2018	CD73, also known as ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN, NT5E, EC3.13.5), is the ratelimiting enzyme for adenosine generation and is expressed on multiple cells.	Adenosine	94-103	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	42-44
29345574-1	2018	CD73, also known as ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN, NT5E, EC3.13.5), is the ratelimiting enzyme for adenosine generation and is expressed on multiple cells.	Adenosine	94-103	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	46-50
29345574-5	2018	In addition, CD73 is expressed on Treg cells and mediates immune suppression through adenosine.	Adenosine	85-94	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	13-17
28716651-3	2018	Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes, ADAR1 and ADAR2, convert adenosines in double-stranded RNA structures into inosines by hydrolytic deamination.	Adenosine	76-86	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	61-66
28988061-4	2017	Our findings demonstrate that the MgFe-Ado-LDH nanohybrid promoted osteogenic differentiation of stem cells through the synergistic activation of adenosine A2b receptor (A2bR) by the dual delivery of adenosine and Mg2+ ions, outperforming direct supplementation of adenosine alone.	Adenosine	200-209	adenosine A2B receptor	Rattus norvegicus	146-168
28464260-9	2017	Pharmacological approaches strongly suggested that the effect of Apyrase involved the accumulation of extracellular adenosine; this notion was strengthened when the incubation of the SKOV-3 cell with alpha,beta-methylene ADP (CD73 inhibitor) or adenosine deaminase was sufficient to abolish the effect of apyrase on cell migration.	Adenosine	116-125	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	226-230
28756309-5	2017	Simultaneously, metabolic homeostatic factors were critical for glucose metabolism, including phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and AKT serine/threonine kinase.	Adenosine	109-118	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	159-163
29085053-5	2017	ESWT, exogenous adenosine and specialized A2BR agonist suppressed hMSC chondrogenic differentiation through downregulating the expressions of aggrecan (ACAN), Collagen Type I alpha 2(COL1A2), Collagen Type II alpha 1(COL2A1), Sex-Determining Region YBox 9 (SOX9) and Sex-Determining Region YBox 6 (SOX6).	Adenosine	16-25	SRY-box transcription factor 9	Homo sapiens	226-255
29085053-5	2017	ESWT, exogenous adenosine and specialized A2BR agonist suppressed hMSC chondrogenic differentiation through downregulating the expressions of aggrecan (ACAN), Collagen Type I alpha 2(COL1A2), Collagen Type II alpha 1(COL2A1), Sex-Determining Region YBox 9 (SOX9) and Sex-Determining Region YBox 6 (SOX6).	Adenosine	16-25	SRY-box transcription factor 9	Homo sapiens	257-261
29085053-5	2017	ESWT, exogenous adenosine and specialized A2BR agonist suppressed hMSC chondrogenic differentiation through downregulating the expressions of aggrecan (ACAN), Collagen Type I alpha 2(COL1A2), Collagen Type II alpha 1(COL2A1), Sex-Determining Region YBox 9 (SOX9) and Sex-Determining Region YBox 6 (SOX6).	Adenosine	16-25	SRY-box transcription factor 6	Homo sapiens	267-296
29085053-5	2017	ESWT, exogenous adenosine and specialized A2BR agonist suppressed hMSC chondrogenic differentiation through downregulating the expressions of aggrecan (ACAN), Collagen Type I alpha 2(COL1A2), Collagen Type II alpha 1(COL2A1), Sex-Determining Region YBox 9 (SOX9) and Sex-Determining Region YBox 6 (SOX6).	Adenosine	16-25	SRY-box transcription factor 6	Homo sapiens	298-302
28522451-4	2017	Adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) enzymatic activity was analysed in monocyte isolated from patients and healthy controls incubated with adenosine and with or without an ADA1 inhibitor.	Adenosine	132-141	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	0-21
28522451-4	2017	Adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) enzymatic activity was analysed in monocyte isolated from patients and healthy controls incubated with adenosine and with or without an ADA1 inhibitor.	Adenosine	132-141	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	23-27
28916770-0	2017	Changes in CD73, CD39 and CD26 expression on T-lymphocytes of ANCA-associated vasculitis patients suggest impairment in adenosine generation and turn-over.	Adenosine	120-129	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	11-15
28916770-1	2017	Extracellular adenosine, generated via the concerted action of CD39 and CD73, contributes to T-cell differentiation and function.	Adenosine	14-23	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	72-76
28959385-6	2017	CD8+ T cell responses were impaired via exosomal regulation of DC function; exosomes triggered the expression of CD73, an ecto-5-nucleotidase responsible for AMP to adenosine hydrolysis, on DC.	Adenosine	165-174	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	113-117
28959385-6	2017	CD8+ T cell responses were impaired via exosomal regulation of DC function; exosomes triggered the expression of CD73, an ecto-5-nucleotidase responsible for AMP to adenosine hydrolysis, on DC.	Adenosine	165-174	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	122-141
28547381-2	2017	High levels of extracellular ATP saturate the ATP hydrolysis enzymes CD39 and CD73 resulting in persistent high ATP levels despite the conversion to adenosine.	Adenosine	149-158	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	78-82
28547381-6	2017	The high levels of extracellular ATP and the upregulation of ecto-enzymes and soluble enzymes that hydrolyse ATP to adenosine (CD39 and CD73) increase the extracellular adenosine levels that inhibit the innate and adaptive immune responses rendering the host susceptible to infection by invading microorganisms.	Adenosine	116-125	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	136-140
28547381-6	2017	The high levels of extracellular ATP and the upregulation of ecto-enzymes and soluble enzymes that hydrolyse ATP to adenosine (CD39 and CD73) increase the extracellular adenosine levels that inhibit the innate and adaptive immune responses rendering the host susceptible to infection by invading microorganisms.	Adenosine	169-178	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	136-140
28842605-6	2017	Particularly, insulin through insulin receptor/PI3K pathway markedly upregulated ENT2 uptake activity to restores the extracellular basal level of adenosine.	Adenosine	147-156	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	30-46
29088814-8	2017	Decreasing adenosine inhibitted M2 polarization of RAW264.7 cells through inactivating JAK1/STAT3 signal pathway in fasting condition.	Adenosine	11-20	Janus kinase 1	Mus musculus	87-91
28771482-1	2017	Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is a mitochondrial membrane protein that plays a role in uncoupling electron transport from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) formation.	Adenosine	120-129	uncoupling protein 2	Homo sapiens	0-20
28771482-1	2017	Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is a mitochondrial membrane protein that plays a role in uncoupling electron transport from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) formation.	Adenosine	120-129	uncoupling protein 2	Homo sapiens	22-26
28747757-0	2017	TGFbeta-induced osteogenic potential of human amniotic fluid stem cells via CD73-generated adenosine production.	Adenosine	91-100	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	76-80
28775724-2	2017	Of these, A2AR is recognized as mediating major adenosine anti-inflammatory activity.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	10-14
28342985-5	2017	Stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation is strictly dependent on the ecto enzyme CD73 that mediates autocrine formation of adenosine, and is inhibited by knockdown of the A3 adenosine receptor (A3R) as well as by an A3R antagonist or by agonist-stimulated down-regulation of the A3R.	Adenosine	117-126	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	75-79
32854024-4	2020	The use of gene-editing technology, commonly used in tandem with CAR and transgenic T cell receptor (TCR) based adoptive cellular therapy, offers further opportunities to specifically modulate responses to adenosine.	Adenosine	206-215	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3	Homo sapiens	65-68
28495790-2	2017	We hypothesize that elevated adenosine during SIRS down-regulates Gi-coupled A1R, which signals an effect that sensitizes a cAMP-dependent lymphotoxic response.	Adenosine	29-38	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	77-80
32306482-2	2020	Previously, our study shows that the ethanol-sensitive adenosine transporter, equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1), regulates ethanol-drinking behaviors.	Adenosine	55-64	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	78-116
28530470-0	2017	CD73 Controls Extracellular Adenosine Generation in the Trigeminal Nociceptive Nerves.	Adenosine	28-37	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
28530470-8	2017	Our results indicate that CD73 might participate in nociceptive modulation by affecting extracellular adenosine generation in the trigeminal nociceptive pathway.	Adenosine	102-111	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	26-30
32306482-2	2020	Previously, our study shows that the ethanol-sensitive adenosine transporter, equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1), regulates ethanol-drinking behaviors.	Adenosine	55-64	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	118-122
32306482-3	2020	Although ENT1 is expressed in both neurons and astrocytes, astrocytic ENT1 is thought to regulate adenosine levels in response to ethanol.	Adenosine	98-107	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	70-74
28093236-5	2017	Extracellular ATP can be hydrolyzed into adenosine in a two-step enzymatic process involving the ectonucleotidases CD39 (ecto-apyrase) and CD73.	Adenosine	41-50	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	139-143
32742325-2	2020	The activation of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), functionally expressed in VSMCs, inhibits cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) formation by elevating intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and then suppressing renin release.	Adenosine	100-109	calcium-sensing receptor	Rattus norvegicus	18-42
27995448-5	2017	hENT1 transports the substrate adenosine with a Km of 215 +- 34 micromol/L and a Vmax of 578 +- 23.4 nmol mg-1 min-1.	Adenosine	31-40	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-5
27995448-6	2017	Adenosine uptake by hENT1 is competitively inhibited by nitrobenzylmercaptopurine ribonucleoside (NBMPR), nucleosides, deoxynucleosides, and nucleoside-derived anti-cancer and anti-viral drugs.	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	20-25
27995448-7	2017	Binding of hENT1 to adenosine, deoxyadenosine, and adenine by isothermal titration calorimetry is in general agreement with results of the competitive inhibition assays.	Adenosine	20-29	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	11-16
27830476-4	2017	Human CD39 rapidly hydrolyzes ATP and ADP to AMP; AMP is hydrolyzed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to adenosine, an anti-thrombotic and cardiovascular protective mediator.	Adenosine	102-111	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	71-91
32742325-2	2020	The activation of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), functionally expressed in VSMCs, inhibits cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) formation by elevating intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and then suppressing renin release.	Adenosine	100-109	calcium-sensing receptor	Rattus norvegicus	44-48
27830476-4	2017	Human CD39 rapidly hydrolyzes ATP and ADP to AMP; AMP is hydrolyzed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to adenosine, an anti-thrombotic and cardiovascular protective mediator.	Adenosine	102-111	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	93-97
32640257-2	2020	Sensing of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) by the purinergic receptor P2RX7 is needed for recirculating CD8+ T cell memory, but its role for Trm cells is unclear.	Adenosine	25-34	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	116-119
32665638-0	2020	ADAD1 and ADAD2, testis-specific adenosine deaminase domain-containing proteins, are required for male fertility.	Adenosine	33-42	adenosine deaminase domain containing 2	Mus musculus	10-15
28373875-2	2017	One set of ectoenzymes-CD39, CD38, CD203a, and CD73-leads to the generation of adenosine (ADO) by metabolizing ATP and NAD+.	Adenosine	79-88	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	47-51
28373875-2	2017	One set of ectoenzymes-CD39, CD38, CD203a, and CD73-leads to the generation of adenosine (ADO) by metabolizing ATP and NAD+.	Adenosine	90-93	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	47-51
32660418-3	2020	We hypothesized that high ischemic sensitivities of epicardial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (IKATP) and sodium (INa) currents play key roles in the genesis of ST elevation.	Adenosine	63-72	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 11	Homo sapiens	107-112
28167531-3	2017	Editing of one adenosine in the transcript encoding the glutamate receptor subunit B, glutamate receptor ionotropic AMPA 2 (GRIA2), modifies a codon, replacing the genomically encoded glutamine (Q) with arginine (R); thus this editing site is referred to as the Q/R site.	Adenosine	15-24	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Homo sapiens	86-122
28167531-3	2017	Editing of one adenosine in the transcript encoding the glutamate receptor subunit B, glutamate receptor ionotropic AMPA 2 (GRIA2), modifies a codon, replacing the genomically encoded glutamine (Q) with arginine (R); thus this editing site is referred to as the Q/R site.	Adenosine	15-24	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Homo sapiens	124-129
28193701-5	2017	Here, we provide evidence that loss of Lrp4 in the OB lineage stabilizes the prorenin receptor (PRR) and increases PRR/V-ATPase-driven ATP release, thereby enhancing the production of the ATP derivative adenosine.	Adenosine	203-212	LDL receptor related protein 4	Homo sapiens	39-43
28292464-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: Adenosine is taken up via human equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 (hENT1) and 2 (hENT2) at a physiological extracellular pH (pHo ~7.4) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).	Adenosine	14-23	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	87-92
28292464-7	2017	RESULTS: Overall adenosine transport (i.e., hENT1+hENT2) was semisaturable and partially inhibited by 1 mumol/L, but abolished by 10 mumol/L NBTI in cells non-treated or treated with NH4Cl.	Adenosine	17-26	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	44-49
27974461-5	2017	We hypothesized that the hypoxic microenvironment within the GC facilitates an extracellular adenosine-rich milieu, which serves to limit TFH frequency and function, and also promotes immunosuppressive T follicular regulatory cells (TFR).	Adenosine	93-102	transferrin receptor	Mus musculus	233-236
26898925-7	2017	Production of immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO) by functionally active ectonucleotidases, CD39 and CD73, was determined by luminescence and mass spectrometry.	Adenosine	32-41	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	99-103
26898925-7	2017	Production of immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO) by functionally active ectonucleotidases, CD39 and CD73, was determined by luminescence and mass spectrometry.	Adenosine	43-46	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	99-103
27965423-1	2016	ACDC (arterial calcification due to deficiency of CD73) is an autosomal recessive disease resulting from loss-of-function mutations in NT5E, which encodes CD73, a 5"-ectonucleotidase that converts extracellular adenosine monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	211-220	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	135-139
27965423-1	2016	ACDC (arterial calcification due to deficiency of CD73) is an autosomal recessive disease resulting from loss-of-function mutations in NT5E, which encodes CD73, a 5"-ectonucleotidase that converts extracellular adenosine monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	211-220	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	50-54
27906627-2	2016	Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) convert extracellular nucleotides in a sequential order: ATP to ADP, AMP, and then to adenosine.	Adenosine	174-183	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	60-80
27906627-2	2016	Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) convert extracellular nucleotides in a sequential order: ATP to ADP, AMP, and then to adenosine.	Adenosine	174-183	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	82-86
28026807-4	2016	Administration of AMP or adenosine caused a decrease in activities of glutathione reductase (GR), GPx, catalase, a decrease in the MDA level and an increase in activities of AMPD and AD in the heart.	Adenosine	25-34	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Homo sapiens	70-91
28026807-4	2016	Administration of AMP or adenosine caused a decrease in activities of glutathione reductase (GR), GPx, catalase, a decrease in the MDA level and an increase in activities of AMPD and AD in the heart.	Adenosine	25-34	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Homo sapiens	93-95
28026807-5	2016	In the liver AMP and adenosine also caused a decrease in activities of glutathione reductase (GR), GPx, a decrease in the MDA level and an increase in activities of AMPD and AD.	Adenosine	21-30	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Homo sapiens	71-92
28026807-5	2016	In the liver AMP and adenosine also caused a decrease in activities of glutathione reductase (GR), GPx, a decrease in the MDA level and an increase in activities of AMPD and AD.	Adenosine	21-30	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Homo sapiens	94-96
27735840-1	2016	The effect of the betaine: homocysteine methyltransferase BHMT c.716G&gt;A (G: guanosine; A: adenosine) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the BHMT pathway is unknown during pregnancy.	Adenosine	93-102	betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	58-62
27595325-0	2016	Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing controls cathepsin S expression in atherosclerosis by enabling HuR-mediated post-transcriptional regulation.	Adenosine	0-9	cathepsin S	Homo sapiens	42-53
27503556-2	2016	TTP family members, from plants through humans, can bind adenosine-uridine rich elements in target mRNAs with high affinity.	Adenosine	57-66	ZFP36 ring finger protein	Homo sapiens	0-3
27520940-3	2016	This organometallic inhibitor incorporates adenosine and zinc(II)cyclen within its core scaffold and inhibits UBA5 noncompetitively and selectively over other E1 enzymes and a panel of human kinases.	Adenosine	43-52	ubiquitin like modifier activating enzyme 5	Homo sapiens	110-114
32589947-2	2020	Here, we show that the enigmatic adenosine A2B receptor (A2B) is abundantly expressed in skeletal muscle (SKM) as well as brown adipose tissue (BAT) and might be targeted to counteract age-related muscle atrophy (sarcopenia) as well as obesity.	Adenosine	33-42	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	43-46
32589947-7	2020	Mechanistically, A2B forms heterodimers required for adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	53-62	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	17-20
32733440-1	2020	Intracellular adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is indispensable for cellular metabolic processes, and it is interconverted to ADP and/or ATP or activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	Adenosine	14-23	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	151-179
27296672-1	2016	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN), a membrane rate-limiting enzyme of the purine catabolic pathway, catalyzes the conversion of AMP to adenosine involved in the regulation of many brain physiological and pathological processes.	Adenosine	127-136	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	0-20
27296672-1	2016	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN), a membrane rate-limiting enzyme of the purine catabolic pathway, catalyzes the conversion of AMP to adenosine involved in the regulation of many brain physiological and pathological processes.	Adenosine	127-136	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	22-24
27296672-3	2016	Thus, we examined expression of eN as a component of adenosine signaling system in the basal state in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of male and female rats at gene, protein and functional level, as well as in the state of gonadal hormone deprivation, induced by ovariectomy (OVX), whereas impact of steroid hormones was explored after repeated administration of 17alpha-estradiol, 17beta-estradiol and progesterone for seven consecutive days.	Adenosine	53-62	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	32-34
27494846-1	2016	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) 1 is the master editor of the transcriptome, catalyzing the conversion of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I).	Adenosine	115-124	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	0-42
27462069-2	2016	We tested the hypothesis that adenosine-induced AF is driven by localized reentry in RA areas with highest expression of adenosine A1 receptor and its downstream GIRK (G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels) channels (IK,Ado).	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	121-142
27462069-9	2016	Sustained adenosine-induced AF is maintained by reentrant drivers localized in lateral RA regions with the highest adenosine A1 receptor/GIRK4 expression.	Adenosine	10-19	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	115-136
32733440-1	2020	Intracellular adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is indispensable for cellular metabolic processes, and it is interconverted to ADP and/or ATP or activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	Adenosine	14-23	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	181-185
32523687-4	2020	We have previously shown that sustained adenosine exposure activates p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinases in mitochondria.	Adenosine	40-49	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	77-82
27757316-1	2016	The ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 enzyme plays a pivotal role in generating an adenosine-enriched immunosuppressed and pro-angiogenic niche supporting cancer development.	Adenosine	75-84	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	4-24
32396616-6	2020	A more complete thromboinflammatory phenotype was achieved by synergistic activation of NS1 with classic platelet agonists, enhancing alpha-granule translocation and inducing thromboxane A2 synthesis (thrombin and platelet-activating factor), or activating caspase-1 for IL-1beta processing and secretion (adenosine triphosphate).	Adenosine	306-315	influenza virus NS1A binding protein	Homo sapiens	88-91
27757316-1	2016	The ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 enzyme plays a pivotal role in generating an adenosine-enriched immunosuppressed and pro-angiogenic niche supporting cancer development.	Adenosine	75-84	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	25-29
27236363-2	2016	CD39 generates AMP, which is in turn used by the ecto-5"-nucleotidase CD73 to synthesize adenosine.	Adenosine	89-98	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	49-69
27236363-2	2016	CD39 generates AMP, which is in turn used by the ecto-5"-nucleotidase CD73 to synthesize adenosine.	Adenosine	89-98	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	70-74
32507359-3	2020	Genetic alterations in GNAS, PRKAR1A, PRKACA, PRKACB, PDE11A, and PDE8B, that lead to aberrant cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein (cAMP) kinase A signaling, were found to play a major role in the development of benign cortisol-producing adrenocortical tumors and/or hyperplasias, whereas genetic defects in KCNJ5, ATP1A1, ATP2B3, CACNA1D, CACNA1H, and CLCN2 were implicated in the development of benign aldosterone-producing tumors and/or hyperplasias through modification of intracellular calcium signaling.	Adenosine	102-111	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	38-44
32507359-3	2020	Genetic alterations in GNAS, PRKAR1A, PRKACA, PRKACB, PDE11A, and PDE8B, that lead to aberrant cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein (cAMP) kinase A signaling, were found to play a major role in the development of benign cortisol-producing adrenocortical tumors and/or hyperplasias, whereas genetic defects in KCNJ5, ATP1A1, ATP2B3, CACNA1D, CACNA1H, and CLCN2 were implicated in the development of benign aldosterone-producing tumors and/or hyperplasias through modification of intracellular calcium signaling.	Adenosine	102-111	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 5	Homo sapiens	311-316
27320922-2	2016	Here, we report that mice lacking adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme necessary for the breakdown of adenosine, displayed unexpected chronic mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity due to sustained elevated circulating adenosine.	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	55-58
32507359-3	2020	Genetic alterations in GNAS, PRKAR1A, PRKACA, PRKACB, PDE11A, and PDE8B, that lead to aberrant cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein (cAMP) kinase A signaling, were found to play a major role in the development of benign cortisol-producing adrenocortical tumors and/or hyperplasias, whereas genetic defects in KCNJ5, ATP1A1, ATP2B3, CACNA1D, CACNA1H, and CLCN2 were implicated in the development of benign aldosterone-producing tumors and/or hyperplasias through modification of intracellular calcium signaling.	Adenosine	102-111	ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	318-324
27320922-2	2016	Here, we report that mice lacking adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme necessary for the breakdown of adenosine, displayed unexpected chronic mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity due to sustained elevated circulating adenosine.	Adenosine	102-111	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	34-53
32092816-2	2020	It has been shown to mediate numerous pathophysiological processes, including the regulation of synaptic plasticity and Wnt-associated signaling, via promoting the ubiquitination of its substrates, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-response element binding protein regulated transcription coactivator 3 (CRTC3), alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazo-lepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR), and Dishevelled2 (Dvl2).	Adenosine	213-222	dishevelled segment polarity protein 2	Homo sapiens	404-416
27320922-2	2016	Here, we report that mice lacking adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme necessary for the breakdown of adenosine, displayed unexpected chronic mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity due to sustained elevated circulating adenosine.	Adenosine	102-111	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	55-58
27320922-3	2016	Extending from Ada(-/-) mice, we further discovered that prolonged elevated adenosine contributed to chronic pain behaviors in two additional independent animal models: sickle cell disease mice, a model of severe pain with limited treatment, and complete Freund"s adjuvant paw-injected mice, a well-accepted inflammatory model of chronic pain.	Adenosine	76-85	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	15-18
32092816-2	2020	It has been shown to mediate numerous pathophysiological processes, including the regulation of synaptic plasticity and Wnt-associated signaling, via promoting the ubiquitination of its substrates, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-response element binding protein regulated transcription coactivator 3 (CRTC3), alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazo-lepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR), and Dishevelled2 (Dvl2).	Adenosine	213-222	dishevelled segment polarity protein 2	Homo sapiens	418-422
26987957-5	2016	Previous findings obtained on adenosine metabolism in brain suggest that eN may be modulated by ovarian steroids.	Adenosine	30-39	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	73-75
32389342-4	2020	Somatic mutations in genes coding for ion channels (KCNJ5 and CACNA1D) and adenosine triphosphatases (ATP1A1 and ATP2B3) highlight the central role of calcium signalling in autonomous aldosterone production by the adrenal gland.	Adenosine	75-84	ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	102-108
27313580-7	2016	The second is the conversion of adenosine triphosphate into adenosine by the ectonucleases CD39 and CD73 present on the surface of Tregs.	Adenosine	32-41	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	100-104
27347335-0	2016	Adenosine promotes Foxp3 expression in Treg cells in sepsis model by activating JNK/AP-1 pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	19-24
27347335-9	2016	RESULTS: Pharmacological inhibition of both adenosine and JNK reduced Foxp3 protein levels.	Adenosine	44-53	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	70-75
27347335-13	2016	CONCLUSION: We confirm that adenosine plays significant roles in the high expression of Foxp3.	Adenosine	28-37	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	88-93
32303740-7	2020	The expression levels of ATF3 and P2X3 were measured using qRT-PCR, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence analysis after adenosine 5"-diphosphate (ADP) exposure in DRG cells.	Adenosine	128-137	activating transcription factor 3	Rattus norvegicus	25-29
27347335-14	2016	Adenosine promotes Foxp3 expression in Treg cells during sepsis via JNK/AP-1 pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	19-24
31898347-2	2020	Notably, CFIm25, CPSF73 and PAP have essential roles for poly(A) site selection, mRNA cleavage and adenosine residues polymerization.	Adenosine	99-108	nudix hydrolase 21	Homo sapiens	9-15
27088570-5	2016	The released PO4(3-) interacted with ADP to form ATP, and then degraded into adenosine, an ATP metabolite, which interacted with A2b adenosine receptor to activate the cAMP/PKA pathway, resulting in the high expression of osteogenesis-related genes, such as Runx2, BMP-2, and OCN.	Adenosine	77-86	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Homo sapiens	265-270
32327598-5	2020	The ability of the MC4R crystallized construct to couple to ion channel Kir7.1, while lacking cyclic adenosine monophosphate stimulation, highlights a heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein)-independent mechanism for this signaling modality.	Adenosine	101-110	melanocortin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	19-23
27063086-12	2016	ATP would be rapidly transformed into adenosine by the ectonucleotidase activities such as NTPDase I (CD39), and NT5E (CD73).	Adenosine	38-47	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	113-117
27063086-12	2016	ATP would be rapidly transformed into adenosine by the ectonucleotidase activities such as NTPDase I (CD39), and NT5E (CD73).	Adenosine	38-47	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	119-123
32083837-0	2020	CD73 or CD39 deletion reveals different mechanisms of formation for spontaneous and mechanically-stimulated adenosine release and sex specific compensations in ATP degradation.	Adenosine	108-117	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	8-12
32083837-3	2020	CD39 knockout (KO) mice have a lower frequency of spontaneous adenosine events than wild-type (WT, C57BL/6).	Adenosine	62-71	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	0-4
32160899-3	2020	The aim of this study was to investigate the role of peripheral CD8+T cells expressing CD73, involved in the generation of the immune suppressive molecule adenosine, in predicting outcome after nivolumab treatment in advanced melanoma patients.	Adenosine	155-164	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	64-67
26681807-1	2016	The adenosine monophosphate activated kinase protein (AMPK) is an evolutionary-conserved protein important for cell survival and organismal longevity through the modulation of energy homeostasis.	Adenosine	4-13	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	54-58
31792360-0	2020	Adaptation to inflammatory acidity through neutrophil-derived adenosine regulation of SLC26A3.	Adenosine	62-71	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	86-93
26626486-1	2016	Adenosine signaling via A1 receptor (A1R) and A2A receptor (A2AR) has shown promise in revealing potential targets for neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	46-58
31792360-5	2020	Given the significant amount of adenosine (Ado) generated during PMN TEM, we profiled the influence of Ado on IECs gene expression by microarray and identified the induction of SLC26A3, the major apical Cl-/HCO3- exchanger in IECs.	Adenosine	32-41	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	177-184
31792360-5	2020	Given the significant amount of adenosine (Ado) generated during PMN TEM, we profiled the influence of Ado on IECs gene expression by microarray and identified the induction of SLC26A3, the major apical Cl-/HCO3- exchanger in IECs.	Adenosine	43-46	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	177-184
31792360-8	2020	In conclusion, Ado signaling during PMN TEM induces an adaptive tissue response to inflammatory acidification through the induction of SLC26A3 expression, thereby promoting pH homeostasis.	Adenosine	15-18	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	135-142
32032283-7	2020	More importantly, miR-338-5p affected the adenosine 5$-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway by regulating CTGF expression in Neuro-2a cells exposed to H/R.	Adenosine	42-51	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	101-105
26731338-4	2016	In this study, we demonstrate that adenosine is actively produced from adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP) by CD73 on MSCs and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs).	Adenosine	35-44	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	107-111
31678514-10	2020	Additionally, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation aggravated the cholesterol accumulation and decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression in VSMCs.	Adenosine	118-127	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 1	Mus musculus	180-185
26731338-5	2016	Our results indicate that although MSCs express CD39 at low level and it colocalizes with CD73 in bulge areas of membranes, the most efficient adenosine production from adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) requires co-operation of MSCs and activated T cells.	Adenosine	143-152	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	90-94
26731338-6	2016	Highly CD39 expressing activated T cells produce AMP from ATP and MSCs produce adenosine from AMP via CD73 activity.	Adenosine	79-88	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	102-106
26731338-9	2016	An efficient production of immunosuppressive adenosine is dependent on the concerted action of CD39-positive immune cells with CD73-positive cells such as MSCs or their EVs.	Adenosine	45-54	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	127-131
26808918-0	2016	CD73-adenosine: a next-generation target in immuno-oncology.	Adenosine	5-14	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
26808918-3	2016	The CD73-adenosine axis constitutes one of the most promising pathways in immuno-oncology.	Adenosine	9-18	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	4-8
26808918-4	2016	We and others have demonstrated the immunosuppressive role of CD73-adenosine in cancer and established proof-of-concept that the targeted blockade of CD73 or adenosine receptors could effectively promote anti-tumor immunity and enhance the activity of first-generation immune checkpoint blockers.	Adenosine	67-76	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	62-66
26808918-4	2016	We and others have demonstrated the immunosuppressive role of CD73-adenosine in cancer and established proof-of-concept that the targeted blockade of CD73 or adenosine receptors could effectively promote anti-tumor immunity and enhance the activity of first-generation immune checkpoint blockers.	Adenosine	67-76	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	150-154
31623018-0	2020	Inhibition of Chikungunya virus by an adenosine analog targeting the SAM-dependent nsP1 methyltransferase.	Adenosine	38-47	SH2 domain containing 3A	Homo sapiens	83-87
26642367-7	2016	We determined that CD73-generated adenosine induces cortical actin polymerization via adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) induction of a Rho GTPase CDC42-dependent conformational change of the actin-related proteins 2 and 3 (ARP2/3) actin polymerization complex member N-WASP.	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	82-112
26642367-7	2016	We determined that CD73-generated adenosine induces cortical actin polymerization via adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) induction of a Rho GTPase CDC42-dependent conformational change of the actin-related proteins 2 and 3 (ARP2/3) actin polymerization complex member N-WASP.	Adenosine	34-43	cell division cycle 42	Mus musculus	140-145
30129404-9	2020	The administration of the xanthines has been proposed as a non-dopaminergic strategy for neuroprotection in PD and the mechanisms of protection have been associated with antagonism of adenosine A2A receptors and Monoamine Oxidase type B (MAO-B) inhibition.	Adenosine	184-193	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	238-243
26485095-1	2015	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes, ADAR1 and ADAR2, mediates adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, and their mRNA expressions are altered during developmental, physiological, and pathophysiological processes in the nervous system.	Adenosine	76-85	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	60-65
26499073-5	2015	Further analyses showed an increased expression of the ecto 5"-nucleotidase (CD73), which hydrolyzes AMP to adenosine, at the renal proximal tubules and a higher enzymatic activity in tubule extracts.	Adenosine	108-117	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	55-75
26499073-5	2015	Further analyses showed an increased expression of the ecto 5"-nucleotidase (CD73), which hydrolyzes AMP to adenosine, at the renal proximal tubules and a higher enzymatic activity in tubule extracts.	Adenosine	108-117	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	77-81
26499073-9	2015	In conclusion, the increase of CD73 activity is a key component in the production of high levels of adenosine and emerges as a new tool for the early diagnosis of tubular injury in diabetic kidney disease.	Adenosine	100-109	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
32294028-2	2020	Based on previous studies showing a critical role for the adenosine A2B receptor (ADORA2B) in PER2 regulation, we hypothesized that hippocampal ADORA2B is crucial for cognitive function.	Adenosine	58-67	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	82-89
27141365-1	2016	Adenosine, deriving from ATP released by dying cancer cells and then degradated in the tumor environment by CD39/CD73 enzyme axis, is linked to the generation of an immunosuppressed niche favoring the onset of neoplasia.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	113-117
32294028-2	2020	Based on previous studies showing a critical role for the adenosine A2B receptor (ADORA2B) in PER2 regulation, we hypothesized that hippocampal ADORA2B is crucial for cognitive function.	Adenosine	58-67	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	144-151
31204215-3	2020	We recently reported that the inhibition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element (CRE) binding protein (CREB) activation is important in vein graft IH.	Adenosine	51-60	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	115-119
26254860-2	2015	T1-11 [N6-(4-Hydroxybenzyl) adenosine], isolated from a Chinese medicinal herb Gastordia elata, is an adenosine A2A receptor agonist.	Adenosine	28-37	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	102-124
26431833-9	2015	The released ATP was sequentially dephosphorylated through ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase2) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 reactions, with respective generation of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine and their maintenance in the extracellular medium at basal levels.	Adenosine	189-198	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	122-142
26431833-9	2015	The released ATP was sequentially dephosphorylated through ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase2) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 reactions, with respective generation of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine and their maintenance in the extracellular medium at basal levels.	Adenosine	189-198	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	143-147
33073674-7	2020	Further, Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis revealed a comethylation network module in the pain group that was not preserved in the control group, where the hub gene was the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent transcription factor ATF-2.	Adenosine	189-198	activating transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	244-249
31247308-8	2019	The results of this study support the evidence that the regulation of ATP and adenosine levels by NTPDase and ADA activities appear to be important to modulate the immune response in T. evansi infection, once the treatment with curcumin maintained the NTPDase activity reduced and enhanced ADA activity in lymphocytes.	Adenosine	78-87	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	110-113
26491983-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 (ecto-5"-NT) participates in extracellular ATP catabolism by converting adenosine monophosphate (AMP) into adenosine.	Adenosine	110-119	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	12-32
26491983-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 (ecto-5"-NT) participates in extracellular ATP catabolism by converting adenosine monophosphate (AMP) into adenosine.	Adenosine	110-119	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	33-37
26213104-8	2015	), only Galphai-3 was activated by 1mM adenosine, indicating that human brain adenosine A1 receptor is coupled preferentially, if not exclusively, to Galphai-3.	Adenosine	39-48	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	78-99
31247308-8	2019	The results of this study support the evidence that the regulation of ATP and adenosine levels by NTPDase and ADA activities appear to be important to modulate the immune response in T. evansi infection, once the treatment with curcumin maintained the NTPDase activity reduced and enhanced ADA activity in lymphocytes.	Adenosine	78-87	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	290-293
31751473-10	2019	Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) stimulated ecto+ ILC3 to produce IL-22 and adenosine.	Adenosine	14-23	interleukin 22	Homo sapiens	77-82
26059452-2	2015	CD39 has been reported to be a marker of regulatory immune cells and catalyzes extracellular hydrolysis of nucleotides to generate AMP and, in tandem with CD73, adenosine.	Adenosine	161-170	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	155-159
31671624-5	2019	Adenosine can be degraded using recombinant adenosine deaminase (ADA) to revert its pathological effects.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	44-63
31671624-5	2019	Adenosine can be degraded using recombinant adenosine deaminase (ADA) to revert its pathological effects.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	65-68
26009814-12	2015	We conclude that HS resuscitation exerts anti-inflammatory effects that involve panx1, CD39, CD73, and other ectonucleotidases, which produce the adenosine that blocks PMNs by stimulating their A2a receptors.	Adenosine	146-155	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	93-97
31671624-6	2019	The aim of this study was to degrade adenosine using ADA in order to decrease malignancy of GSCs.	Adenosine	37-46	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	53-56
31671624-7	2019	Adenosine depletion was performed using recombinant ADA.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	52-55
31671624-11	2019	In conclusion, adenosine depletion using adenosine deaminase decreases GSCs aggressiveness.	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	41-60
26048575-0	2015	Melanoma Induces, and Adenosine Suppresses, CXCR3-Cognate Chemokine Production and T-cell Infiltration of Lungs Bearing Metastatic-like Disease.	Adenosine	22-31	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3	Homo sapiens	44-49
26048575-7	2015	Collectively, our data demonstrate that CXCR3-cognate ligand expression is required for efficient T-cell access of tumor-infiltrated lungs, and these ligands are expressed in a temporally restricted pattern that is governed, in part, by adenosine.	Adenosine	237-246	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3	Homo sapiens	40-45
32337496-1	2020	Background: Talazoparib is a poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitor that causes death in cells with breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 or 2 (BRCA1/2) mutations.	Adenosine	34-43	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	159-166
31614728-3	2019	N18TG2 neuronal cells overexpressing or silencing CRIP1a highlighted the ability of CRIP1 to regulate cyclic adenosine 3",5"monophosphate (cAMP) production and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation.	Adenosine	109-118	cysteine-rich protein 1 (intestinal)	Mus musculus	50-55
25997945-2	2015	In response to oxygen level in tissues, adenosine plasma concentration is regulated in particular via its synthesis by CD73 and via its degradation by adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	40-49	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	119-123
31601268-9	2019	RESULTS: Here, we demonstrate that Ado signaling through the A2A receptor (A2AR) in human peripheral CD8+ T cells and TILs is responsible for the higher sensitivity to Ado-mediated suppression of T central memory cells.	Adenosine	168-171	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	101-104
31601268-13	2019	Thus, p-CREB and p-S6 may represent useful pharmacodynamic and efficacy biomarkers of immunotherapies targeting Ado.	Adenosine	112-115	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	8-12
31271215-13	2019	Besides, Cirbp-/- resulted in decreased levels of creatine kinase B, glycine amidinotransferase, adenosine triphosphate and creatine contents in the intestine, affecting energy metabolism and balance, which is associated with the maintenance of epithelial barrier during acute injury.	Adenosine	97-106	cold inducible RNA binding protein	Rattus norvegicus	9-14
25833166-8	2015	We previously demonstrated that expression of another component of the adenosine signaling pathway, the adensosine 2B receptor, can be regulated by sialorphin (the rat opiorphin homolologue), and we demonstrate that sialorphin also regulates CD73 expression in a dose- and time-dependent fashion.	Adenosine	71-80	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	242-246
25824528-7	2015	However, we report a potential functional interaction between GPR37 and adenosine A2A receptors (A2 A R) in the hippocampus, with A2 A R modulating the GPR37-associated phenotype.	Adenosine	72-81	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	82-103
25824528-7	2015	However, we report a potential functional interaction between GPR37 and adenosine A2A receptors (A2 A R) in the hippocampus, with A2 A R modulating the GPR37-associated phenotype.	Adenosine	72-81	G protein-coupled receptor 37	Mus musculus	152-157
31144362-3	2019	In this study, autophagy was markedly inhibited by low concentration of adenosine, which present by not only inhibited transformation from LC3-I to LC3-II and autophagosomes formation, but also the elevation of mTOR and reduction of beclin-1 proteins.	Adenosine	72-81	beclin 1	Homo sapiens	233-241
31144362-6	2019	More interestingly, OE ILF3 increased autophagy, whereas downregulated ILF3, especially in the case of adenosine, led to marked autophagy inhibition by decreasing beclin-1.	Adenosine	103-112	beclin 1	Homo sapiens	163-171
31144362-7	2019	The present study demonstrates autophagy inhibition is involved in the adenosine-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells, the cytotoxicity can be synergized by OE MEG3 via downregulated ILF3 to activate PI3K/Akt/mTOR and inactivate the beclin-1 signaling pathway.	Adenosine	71-80	beclin 1	Homo sapiens	232-240
31344393-0	2019	Adenosine stimulates neuromedin U mRNA expression in the rat pars tuberalis.	Adenosine	0-9	neuromedin U	Rattus norvegicus	21-33
25677906-1	2015	The ectonucleotidase CD73 degrades adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine which potently inhibits host immune responses against cancer.	Adenosine	35-44	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	21-25
31344393-2	2019	Here we examined the involvement of adenosine in the regulation of Nmu expression.	Adenosine	36-45	neuromedin U	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
31344393-6	2019	These findings suggest that adenosine stimulates Nmu expression by activating the cAMP signaling pathway through adenosine receptor A2b in the rat PT.	Adenosine	28-37	neuromedin U	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
31344393-7	2019	This is the first report to demonstrate that Nmu expression in the PT is regulated by adenosine, which acts as an intravital central metabolic signal, in addition to melatonin, which acts as an external photoperiodic environmental signal.	Adenosine	86-95	neuromedin U	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
26070128-4	2015	By reducing the uptake of extracellular adenosine, ENT1 inhibitors potentiate the cardioprotective effect of endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	40-49	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	51-55
26070128-4	2015	By reducing the uptake of extracellular adenosine, ENT1 inhibitors potentiate the cardioprotective effect of endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	120-129	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	51-55
31527507-8	2019	Moreover, a decreased caspase activity as well as an increased proteinkinase B (AKT) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation could be observed after the nimodipine treatment under different stress conditions.	Adenosine	96-105	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	154-158
25851604-2	2015	In the small ribosomal subunit of budding yeast, on the 18S rRNA, two adjacent adenosines (A1781/A1782) are N(6)-dimethylated by Dim1 near the decoding site, and one guanosine (G1575) is N(7)-methylated by Bud23-Trm112 at a ridge between the P- and E-site tRNAs.	Adenosine	79-89	18S rRNA (guanine1575-N7)-methyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	206-211
30693533-2	2019	Unlike the classical electron transfer chain, however, the activity of AOX does not generate adenosine triphosphate but has functions such as thermogenesis and stress response.	Adenosine	93-102	acyl-CoA oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	71-74
31034872-4	2019	We identified the binding site for transcription factor cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding (CREB) in the DAZAP2 promoter CpG2, and we found that hypermethylation of the CREB binding motif in the DAZAP2 promoter is responsible for the reduced DAZAP2 expression in MM cells.	Adenosine	63-72	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	190-194
31010267-7	2019	The current study demonstrates that loss of ENT1-mediated adenosine transport leads to increased cell proliferation in the AF of the IVD.	Adenosine	58-67	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	44-48
30417358-0	2019	A2a adenosine receptor agonist improves endoplasmic reticulum stress in MIN6 cell line through protein kinase A/ protein kinase B/ Cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein/ and Growth Arrest And DNA-Damage-Inducible 34/ eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2alpha pathways.	Adenosine	4-13	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 15A	Mus musculus	200-278
31006881-6	2019	Particularly, patients with low-dose CNI therapy showed a significant decrease in adenosine triphosphate (0.209 +- 0.012 vs 0.222 +- 0.010; P < 0.001) and a significant increase in PCr (0.344 +- 0.026 vs 0.321 +- 0.017; P < 0.001) compared to controls.	Adenosine	82-91	calcineurin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	37-40
30657919-1	2019	The cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element binding protein 3-like 1 (CREB3L1) gene codes for the endoplasmic reticulum stress transducer old astrocyte specifically induced substance (OASIS), which has an important role in osteoblast differentiation during bone development.	Adenosine	11-20	cAMP responsive element binding protein 3 like 1	Homo sapiens	80-87
30657919-1	2019	The cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element binding protein 3-like 1 (CREB3L1) gene codes for the endoplasmic reticulum stress transducer old astrocyte specifically induced substance (OASIS), which has an important role in osteoblast differentiation during bone development.	Adenosine	11-20	cAMP responsive element binding protein 3 like 1	Homo sapiens	194-199
31118410-2	2019	Here, we used RNA sequencing to screen the most likely regulators of NKA signaling and found that the liver kinase B1(LKB1)/adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway was the most abundantly enriched pathway in HUA.	Adenosine	124-133	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	180-184
29271489-8	2019	Ado-induced strengthening of the HLMVEC barrier required the coordinated activation of PKA and EPAC1 in a cAMP-dependent manner.	Adenosine	0-3	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	95-100
30660649-7	2019	Extracellular adenosine production was higher under hypoxia than normoxia, mainly by the catalytic action of the prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), promoting cell migration/invasion in a HIF-2-dependent process.	Adenosine	14-23	acid phosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	113-139
30660649-7	2019	Extracellular adenosine production was higher under hypoxia than normoxia, mainly by the catalytic action of the prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), promoting cell migration/invasion in a HIF-2-dependent process.	Adenosine	14-23	acid phosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	141-144
30660649-9	2019	In conclusion, high levels of extracellular adenosine production enhance cell migration/invasion of GSCs, through HIF-2/PAP-dependent activation of A3AR under hypoxia.	Adenosine	44-53	acid phosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	120-123
30641086-13	2019	Furthermore, the inhibition of adenosine deaminase in endothelial cells in vitro attenuated LPS-mediated IL-6 release and soluble ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 concentration in the incubation medium through the restoration of the extracellular adenosine pool and adenosine receptor-dependent pathways.	Adenosine	31-40	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	130-136
30307561-0	2019	Inhibiting Adenosine Receptor Signaling Promotes Accumulation of Effector CD4+ T Cells in the Lung Parenchyma During Severe Tuberculosis.	Adenosine	11-20	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	74-77
30307561-6	2019	Intranasal administration of the adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine substantially enhanced the frequency and number of parenchymal CD4+ T cells as well as both CD69 expression and IFNgamma production.	Adenosine	33-42	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	135-138
30307561-7	2019	CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that adenosine, which may be generated by extracellular adenosine triphosphate degradation, impairs the parenchymal CD4+ T-cell response and contributes to the development of severe tuberculosis.	Adenosine	41-50	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	152-155
30307561-7	2019	CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that adenosine, which may be generated by extracellular adenosine triphosphate degradation, impairs the parenchymal CD4+ T-cell response and contributes to the development of severe tuberculosis.	Adenosine	92-101	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	152-155
30520694-3	2019	In the present study, we examined the ability of VIP and secretin, which stimulate cAMP generation in pancreatic acini, to stimulate PAK4 activation, the signaling cascades involved, and their possible role in activating sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+,K+-ATPase).	Adenosine	238-247	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	57-65
30598426-7	2019	FGF2 increased extracellular metabolism of AMP to adenosine and of adenosine to inosine by upregulating ecto-5"-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase (ADA), respectively.	Adenosine	67-76	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	129-148
30598426-7	2019	FGF2 increased extracellular metabolism of AMP to adenosine and of adenosine to inosine by upregulating ecto-5"-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase (ADA), respectively.	Adenosine	67-76	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	150-153
30535464-5	2019	In the present study, it was demonstrated that Ado inhibited HepG2 cell growth in a time- and concentration-dependent manner and activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as indicated by G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, the increased mRNA and protein levels of GRP78/BiP, PERK, ATF4, CHOP, cleaved caspase-3, cytochrome c and the loss of mitochon-drial membrane potential (DeltaPsim).	Adenosine	47-50	activating transcription factor 4	Homo sapiens	273-277
30535464-7	2019	Blocking autophagy using LY294002 notably entrenched Ado-induced growth inhibition and cell apoptosis, as demonstrated with the increased expression of cytochrome c and p62, and the decreased expression of LC3-II.	Adenosine	53-56	nucleoporin 62	Homo sapiens	169-172
30479062-3	2019	In this study, we examined sirtuin 1/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (SIRT1/AMPK) activities and identified significant decreases in the ALS-MSCs compared with normal healthy control originated BM-MSCs.	Adenosine	37-46	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	87-92
30567514-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Somatostatin (SST) inhibits intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production and thus may modify cyst formation in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).	Adenosine	61-70	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	12-24
30567514-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Somatostatin (SST) inhibits intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production and thus may modify cyst formation in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).	Adenosine	61-70	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	26-29
30568602-5	2018	Objectives: To investigate the role of ATP/adenosine in the progression of a PKP2-associated cardiomyopathy.	Adenosine	43-52	plakophilin 2	Mus musculus	77-81
25873329-0	2015	Aberrant alternative splicing pattern of ADAR2 downregulates adenosine-to-inosine editing in glioma.	Adenosine	61-70	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	41-46
30663435-0	2018	Adenosine Metabolism in COPD: A Study on Adenosine Levels, 5"-Nucleotidase, Adenosine Deaminase and Its Isoenzymes Activity in Serum, Lymphocytes and Erythrocytes.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	76-95
25911169-9	2015	In intact isolated coronary arteries, adenosine-induced (10 muM) increase in H2O2 formation in both WT and A2BAR KO mice was attenuated by Nox2 inhibition, whereas adenosine failed to increase H2O2 production in A2AAR KO mice.	Adenosine	38-47	cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide	Mus musculus	139-143
25911169-9	2015	In intact isolated coronary arteries, adenosine-induced (10 muM) increase in H2O2 formation in both WT and A2BAR KO mice was attenuated by Nox2 inhibition, whereas adenosine failed to increase H2O2 production in A2AAR KO mice.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	212-217
25911169-10	2015	In conclusion, adenosine-induced increase in coronary flow is partially mediated by Nox2-derived H2O2, which critically depends upon the presence of A2AAR.	Adenosine	15-24	cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide	Mus musculus	84-88
25911169-10	2015	In conclusion, adenosine-induced increase in coronary flow is partially mediated by Nox2-derived H2O2, which critically depends upon the presence of A2AAR.	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	149-154
30361393-2	2018	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is the enzyme responsible for adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing in dsRNAs, and loss of ADAR1 activates the innate immune sensing response via melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), which interprets unedited dsRNA as non-self.	Adenosine	74-83	interferon induced with helicase C domain 1	Mus musculus	185-230
25850771-1	2015	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (ecto-5"-NT, 5"-NT, eN, CD73) is a membrane ecto-enzyme that is primarily responsible for the extracellular production of adenosine from AMP.	Adenosine	143-152	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-20
30361393-2	2018	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is the enzyme responsible for adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing in dsRNAs, and loss of ADAR1 activates the innate immune sensing response via melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), which interprets unedited dsRNA as non-self.	Adenosine	74-83	interferon induced with helicase C domain 1	Mus musculus	232-236
25850771-1	2015	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (ecto-5"-NT, 5"-NT, eN, CD73) is a membrane ecto-enzyme that is primarily responsible for the extracellular production of adenosine from AMP.	Adenosine	143-152	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	45-49
30267975-3	2018	We tested the hypothesis that blockade of androgen receptor (AR) and suppression of late gestational androgen excess prevents glucose dysmetabolism and poor fetal outcome through suppression of adenosine deaminase (ADA)/xanthine oxidase (XO) pathway.	Adenosine	194-203	androgen receptor	Rattus norvegicus	42-59
30267975-3	2018	We tested the hypothesis that blockade of androgen receptor (AR) and suppression of late gestational androgen excess prevents glucose dysmetabolism and poor fetal outcome through suppression of adenosine deaminase (ADA)/xanthine oxidase (XO) pathway.	Adenosine	194-203	androgen receptor	Rattus norvegicus	61-63
25725289-12	2015	This signaling pathway represents a feedback loop whereby adenosine receptor signaling can lead to increased adenosine reuptake into cells via hENT1.	Adenosine	58-67	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	143-148
29616397-0	2018	Adenosine Augmentation Evoked by an ENT1 Inhibitor Improves Memory Impairment and Neuronal Plasticity in the APP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer"s Disease.	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	36-40
25779930-0	2015	Suppression of adenosine 2a receptor (A2aR)-mediated adenosine signaling improves disease phenotypes in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	38-42
25717146-5	2015	The extracellular ATP concentration is regulated by an enzymatic process, in which CD39 converts ATP and ADP into AMP, and CD73 converts AMP into adenosine.	Adenosine	146-155	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	123-127
29616397-3	2018	Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) is a major adenosine transporter that recycles adenosine from the extracellular space.	Adenosine	57-66	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	0-38
29616397-3	2018	Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) is a major adenosine transporter that recycles adenosine from the extracellular space.	Adenosine	57-66	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	40-44
29616397-3	2018	Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) is a major adenosine transporter that recycles adenosine from the extracellular space.	Adenosine	93-102	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	0-38
29616397-3	2018	Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) is a major adenosine transporter that recycles adenosine from the extracellular space.	Adenosine	93-102	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	40-44
25720338-11	2015	Thus, due to the importance of adenosine signaling in the regulation of inflammatory and immune process and the crucial role of ADA in the postischemic homeostase of adenosine as well as during inflammatory process, we suggest that ADA1 inhibitors may play an important role in the regulation of events that follow the HI insult, favoring the increase in the adenosine in the sites of tissue injury.	Adenosine	31-40	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	232-236
29616397-4	2018	In the present study, we report that a small adenosine analogue (designated J4) that inhibited ENT1 prevented the decline in spatial memory in an AD mouse model (APP/PS1).	Adenosine	45-54	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	95-99
25720338-11	2015	Thus, due to the importance of adenosine signaling in the regulation of inflammatory and immune process and the crucial role of ADA in the postischemic homeostase of adenosine as well as during inflammatory process, we suggest that ADA1 inhibitors may play an important role in the regulation of events that follow the HI insult, favoring the increase in the adenosine in the sites of tissue injury.	Adenosine	166-175	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	232-236
29090621-5	2018	The activities of ecto-5 -nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase (ADA) also significantly enhanced (39% and 52%, respectively), which correlates with a 45% decrease in adenosine concentration.	Adenosine	43-52	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	64-67
25720338-11	2015	Thus, due to the importance of adenosine signaling in the regulation of inflammatory and immune process and the crucial role of ADA in the postischemic homeostase of adenosine as well as during inflammatory process, we suggest that ADA1 inhibitors may play an important role in the regulation of events that follow the HI insult, favoring the increase in the adenosine in the sites of tissue injury.	Adenosine	166-175	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	232-236
25849562-12	2015	CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: We have demonstrated that ADO and AMP in P. papatasi saliva mediate exacerbative effects of Leishmania infection by acting preferentially on DCs promoting a tolerogenic profile in DCs and by generating iTregs in inflammatory foci through an A2AR mechanism.	Adenosine	51-54	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	266-270
25644539-3	2015	We hypothesized that expression of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1), which generates AMP, and 5"-nucleotidase (CD73), an enzyme using AMP as a substrate to produce adenosine, may co-regulate the mineralization of the aortic valve.	Adenosine	189-198	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	136-140
25573752-2	2015	We have previously found that adenosine, acting via A2A receptors (A2AR) promotes wound healing and inhibits inflammatory osteolysis and hypothesized that A2AR might be a novel target to promote bone regeneration.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	52-65
25573752-2	2015	We have previously found that adenosine, acting via A2A receptors (A2AR) promotes wound healing and inhibits inflammatory osteolysis and hypothesized that A2AR might be a novel target to promote bone regeneration.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	67-71
29090621-7	2018	This study demonstrates that hypothyroidism interferes with adenine nucleoside and nucleotide hydrolysis and this is correlated with oxidative stress, which might be responsible for the increase in ADA activity.	Adenosine	60-78	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	198-201
25573752-2	2015	We have previously found that adenosine, acting via A2A receptors (A2AR) promotes wound healing and inhibits inflammatory osteolysis and hypothesized that A2AR might be a novel target to promote bone regeneration.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	155-159
30269308-2	2018	Both the duration and magnitude of adenosine signaling in enteric neuromuscular function depend on its availability, which is regulated by the ecto-enzymes ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and ecto-adenosine deaminase (ADA) and by dipyridamole-sensitive equilibrative transporters (ENTs).	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	216-240
25532725-5	2015	BMSC recipients had increased serum CD73 expressing exosomes that promoted adenosine accumulation ex vivo.	Adenosine	75-84	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	36-40
30269308-2	2018	Both the duration and magnitude of adenosine signaling in enteric neuromuscular function depend on its availability, which is regulated by the ecto-enzymes ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and ecto-adenosine deaminase (ADA) and by dipyridamole-sensitive equilibrative transporters (ENTs).	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	242-245
25532725-7	2015	To investigate the potential clinical relevance of these mechanistic findings, patient serum samples collected pre- and post-BMSC treatment were studied for exosome content: CD73 expressing exosomes promoting adenosine accumulation were detected in post-BMSC samples.	Adenosine	209-218	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	174-178
30362042-12	2018	Adenosine, via A1 and A2A receptors, affects the dopaminergic and glutaminergic signaling, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF), and also changes the synaptic plasticity (e.g., causing a prolonged excitation or inhibition) in brain regions responsible for learning and memory.	Adenosine	0-9	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	95-128
30444912-1	2018	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) catalyzes the deamination of adenosine, which is important in purine metabolism.	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
25560904-11	2015	Furthermore, the actions of ecto-5"-nucleotidase, ADA, and NTs are directly involved in the control of extracellular adenosine levels and have an important role in the development of seizure episodes in zebrafish.	Adenosine	117-126	adenosine deaminase	Danio rerio	50-53
30305381-6	2018	As proof of concept, the resulting Michaelis-Menten kinetic constants accurately predict the known regulation of IDE by adenosine triphosphate (ATP).	Adenosine	120-129	insulin degrading enzyme	Homo sapiens	113-116
26038697-6	2015	Our in silico study suggests that not only small molecules such as adenosine derivatives but also bulky molecules like naringin can be a potent ADA1 inhibitor for the clinical usage.	Adenosine	67-76	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	144-148
25592834-5	2015	Stimulation of the A2A adenosine receptor normalized the AMPK-evoked redistribution of HuR.	Adenosine	23-32	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	57-61
30099007-7	2018	NECA increased intracellular cAMP in C3a-activated mast cells, suggesting that Galphas protein signals are required for adenosine-induced inhibition of C3a-mediated human mast cell activation.	Adenosine	120-129	complement C3	Homo sapiens	37-40
30099007-7	2018	NECA increased intracellular cAMP in C3a-activated mast cells, suggesting that Galphas protein signals are required for adenosine-induced inhibition of C3a-mediated human mast cell activation.	Adenosine	120-129	complement C3	Homo sapiens	152-155
25418634-0	2015	Correlation of low CD73 expression on synovial lymphocytes with reduced adenosine generation and higher disease severity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.	Adenosine	72-81	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	19-23
25418634-1	2015	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and adenosine-generating activity of the ecto-5"-nucleotidase CD73 on synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).	Adenosine	45-54	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	82-102
30099007-9	2018	Our results suggest that adenosine inhibits C3a-mediated activation of human mast cells, possibly through a Galphas protein-dependent pathway.	Adenosine	25-34	complement C3	Homo sapiens	44-47
25418634-1	2015	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and adenosine-generating activity of the ecto-5"-nucleotidase CD73 on synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).	Adenosine	45-54	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	103-107
25418634-2	2015	METHODS: Given the role of CD73 protein in the production of antiinflammatory adenosine and its intersection with inflammatory biologic pathways, the expression of CD73 on SF and PB lymphocytes from patients with JIA and PB lymphocytes from healthy control subjects was determined by flow cytometry.	Adenosine	78-87	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	27-31
30044380-0	2018	Comparative Study of Carborane- and Phenyl-Modified Adenosine Derivatives as Ligands for the A2A and A3 Adenosine Receptors Based on a Rigid in Silico Docking and Radioligand Replacement Assay.	Adenosine	52-61	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	93-96
25418634-11	2015	The decreased CD73 expression on SFMCs, in turn, results in reduced adenosine production, which leads to a decreased potential for antiinflammatory activity.	Adenosine	68-77	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	14-18
25641680-1	2015	5"-Nucleotidase/CD73 is a key enzyme in the regulation of purinergic signaling, hydrolyzing extracellular AMP to produce adenosine, which is critical in the blood vascular system and in immunosuppression.	Adenosine	121-130	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-15
29782174-8	2018	Upregulated SLC28A2 mRNA was reflected in elevated uptake of [3H]-adenosine, high-affinity substrate of concentrative nucleoside transporter 2.	Adenosine	66-75	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	12-19
25641680-1	2015	5"-Nucleotidase/CD73 is a key enzyme in the regulation of purinergic signaling, hydrolyzing extracellular AMP to produce adenosine, which is critical in the blood vascular system and in immunosuppression.	Adenosine	121-130	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	16-20
29720380-2	2018	Adenosine inhibits the function of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by binding to and activating the A2a adenosine receptor (A2aR) expressed on their surface.	Adenosine	0-9	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	44-47
25534414-1	2015	OBJECTIVES: To study the effects of diet on disease progression and activity levels of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and its downstream targets, in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) animal model.	Adenosine	87-96	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	137-141
29942314-1	2018	Objectives: CD39 and CD73 are surface enzymes that jut into the extracellular space where they mediate the step-wise phosphohydrolysis of the autocrine and paracrine danger signals ATP and ADP into anti-inflammatory adenosine.	Adenosine	216-225	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	12-16
29910735-2	2018	Adenosine signaling through the ADORA2B receptor has previously been implicated in disease progression and tissue remodeling in chronic lung disease.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	32-39
25519486-1	2015	ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) is an RNA-editing enzyme present in most metazoans that converts adenosines in double-stranded RNA targets into inosines.	Adenosine	106-116	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-4
25519486-1	2015	ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) is an RNA-editing enzyme present in most metazoans that converts adenosines in double-stranded RNA targets into inosines.	Adenosine	106-116	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	6-39
25451117-10	2015	Adenosine and its precursors, via A2A receptors, likely suppress TNF-alpha and CXCL10 production by activated microglia in brain diseases.	Adenosine	0-9	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10	Mus musculus	79-85
25351985-1	2015	Reduced adenosine uptake via human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is reversed by insulin by restoring hENT1 expression.	Adenosine	8-17	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	35-73
25351985-1	2015	Reduced adenosine uptake via human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is reversed by insulin by restoring hENT1 expression.	Adenosine	8-17	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	75-80
25351985-1	2015	Reduced adenosine uptake via human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is reversed by insulin by restoring hENT1 expression.	Adenosine	8-17	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	210-215
25561440-0	2015	Editorial: Old dog, new tricks: proangiogenic effect of adenosine via stimulation of thrombospondin-1 in macrophages.	Adenosine	56-65	thrombospondin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	85-101
29910735-5	2018	Hypothesis: We hypothesized that adenosine signaling through the ADORA2B receptor in PASMC mediates the development of PH.	Adenosine	33-42	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	65-72
29332180-4	2018	The balance between extracellular ATP and adenosine in the blood and extracellular fluid is regulated chiefly by the activities of CD39 and CD73, which constitute the CD39-adenosinergic axis.	Adenosine	42-51	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	167-171
29692361-0	2018	A defect in KCa3.1 channel activity limits the ability of CD8+ T cells from cancer patients to infiltrate an adenosine-rich microenvironment.	Adenosine	109-118	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	58-61
29692361-4	2018	We conducted three-dimensional chemotaxis experiments to elucidate the effect of adenosine on the migration of peripheral blood CD8+ T cells from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients.	Adenosine	81-90	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	128-131
25691808-3	2015	The pivotal role of ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73, in controlling extracellular ADO formation, prompted us to investigate its role in a rat model of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG).	Adenosine	76-79	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	20-40
29692361-5	2018	The chemotaxis of HNSCC CD8+ T cells was reduced in the presence of adenosine, and the effect was greater on HNSCC CD8+ T cells than on healthy donor (HD) CD8+ T cells.	Adenosine	68-77	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	24-27
25691808-3	2015	The pivotal role of ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73, in controlling extracellular ADO formation, prompted us to investigate its role in a rat model of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG).	Adenosine	76-79	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
29692361-10	2018	Activation of KCa3.1 channels by 1-EBIO restored the ability of HNSCC CD8+ T cells to chemotax in the presence of adenosine.	Adenosine	114-123	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	70-73
25856065-6	2015	Although plasma mixed with citrate, adenosine, theophylline and adenosine (CTAD) is needed for the PF4 and beta-TG assays, effects of anti-coagulants (EDTA, citrate and CTAD) on the sCLEC-2 ELISA were negligible.	Adenosine	64-73	platelet factor 4	Homo sapiens	99-102
29692361-11	2018	Our data highlight the mechanism underlying the increased sensitivity of HNSCC CD8+ T cells to adenosine and the potential therapeutic benefit of KCa3.1 channel activators, which could increase infiltration of these T cells into tumors.	Adenosine	95-104	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	79-82
28661026-2	2018	Dysregulation of the activity of adenosine generating enzymes including adenosine deaminase in serum of patients with acute colitis supports the role of this omnipresent metabolite in the pathogenesis of colitis.	Adenosine	33-42	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	72-91
25391662-4	2014	Specifically, we found that deletion of tdp-1: (1) preferentially alters the accumulation of RNAs with inherent double-stranded structure (dsRNA); (2) increases the accumulation of nuclear dsRNA foci; (3) enhances the frequency of adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing; and (4) dramatically increases the amount of transcripts immunoprecipitable with a dsRNA-specific antibody, including intronic sequences, RNAs with antisense overlap to another transcript, and transposons.	Adenosine	231-240	Tar DNA-binding protein homolog 1	Caenorhabditis elegans	40-45
29489750-6	2018	In particular, we identify a functional interaction with the METTL3-METTL14-WTAP complex, which mediates the conversion of adenosine to N6-methyladenosine (m6A) on RNA.	Adenosine	123-132	methyltransferase 14, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase subunit	Homo sapiens	68-75
29228327-1	2018	Methylation of the adenosine base at the nitrogen-6 position (m6A) is the most prevalent internal posttranscriptional modification of mRNAs in many eukaryotes.	Adenosine	19-28	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	62-65
25457840-4	2014	This protective effect is limited due to rapid cellular re-uptake of adenosine by equilibrative nucleotside transporter-1 (ENT1) or break down by adenosine kinase (AK), the key enzyme in adenosine clearance pathway.	Adenosine	146-155	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	164-166
25457840-6	2014	Therefore, we seek to investigate the potential role of amplifying the endogenous ambient level of adenosine by pharmacological inhibition of AK.	Adenosine	99-108	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	142-144
29506637-0	2018	Urtica dioica inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis by targeting Ornithine decarboxylase and Adenosine deaminase as key regulatory enzymes in adenosine and polyamines homeostasis in human breast cancer cell lines.	Adenosine	147-156	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	98-117
25188742-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Adenosine levels are regulated by ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 and adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	76-95
29497379-2	2018	From a metabolic point of view, adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an essential protein in the regulation of the total intracellular and extracellular adenosine in a tissue.	Adenosine	32-41	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	53-56
25188742-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Adenosine levels are regulated by ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 and adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	97-100
25456137-1	2014	The ADAR RNA-editing enzymes deaminate adenosine bases to inosines in cellular RNAs.	Adenosine	39-48	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	4-8
29127211-2	2018	TRIBE expresses an RBP of interest fused to the catalytic domain (cd) of the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR and performs adenosine-to-inosine editing on RNA targets of the RBP.	Adenosine	114-123	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	19-22
25268760-6	2014	Our results show that expression of increased amounts of A2AR allows gammadelta T cells to bind adenosine and thereby attenuate its suppressive effect, while decreased expression of CD73 results in less generation of adenosine in the inflammatory site.	Adenosine	96-105	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	57-61
29127211-2	2018	TRIBE expresses an RBP of interest fused to the catalytic domain (cd) of the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR and performs adenosine-to-inosine editing on RNA targets of the RBP.	Adenosine	114-123	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	165-168
29108754-1	2018	Surface enzymes CD39 (nucleoside triphosphate dephosphorylase) and CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) mediate the synthesis of extracellular adenosine that can regulate immune responses.	Adenosine	134-143	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	16-20
24558171-7	2014	Glycometabolism pathways network which was constructed by 4 glycometabolism pathways showed that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, H+transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex ATP5B, ATP5C1, ATP5D, and ATP5G1 had high degree related to ATP metabolism.	Adenosine	97-106	ATP synthase membrane subunit c locus 1	Homo sapiens	203-209
29108754-2	2018	Adenosine produced by CD39/CD73 acts via adenosine receptors (ARs).	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	22-26
24762005-4	2014	APVR was defined as the time-dependent reconnection &gt;20 minutes after initial PVI and/or reconnection evoked by intravenous adenosine administration (20 mg).	Adenosine	127-136	TAPVR1	Homo sapiens	0-4
29464038-3	2018	Recently, we demonstrated that regulatory B cells (Breg), defined as CD19+CD39+CD73+ B cells, play a significant role in the production of immunosuppressive, extracellular adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	172-181	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	74-78
29464038-3	2018	Recently, we demonstrated that regulatory B cells (Breg), defined as CD19+CD39+CD73+ B cells, play a significant role in the production of immunosuppressive, extracellular adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	183-186	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	74-78
29326589-10	2017	Altogether, our data demonstrated that (1) an increased number of circulating CD8/CD26 T cells is associated with preservation of muscle strength in DMD subjects, and (2) CD8/CD26 T cells from DMD subjects mediated degradation of adenosine by adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	230-239	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	78-81
24563227-1	2014	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e-5NT), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked membrane protein, catalyzes a conversion of AMP to adenosine, which influences nearly every aspect of brain physiology, including embryonic and postnatal brain development.	Adenosine	119-128	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	0-20
24563227-1	2014	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e-5NT), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked membrane protein, catalyzes a conversion of AMP to adenosine, which influences nearly every aspect of brain physiology, including embryonic and postnatal brain development.	Adenosine	119-128	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	22-27
29326589-10	2017	Altogether, our data demonstrated that (1) an increased number of circulating CD8/CD26 T cells is associated with preservation of muscle strength in DMD subjects, and (2) CD8/CD26 T cells from DMD subjects mediated degradation of adenosine by adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	230-239	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	171-174
29326589-10	2017	Altogether, our data demonstrated that (1) an increased number of circulating CD8/CD26 T cells is associated with preservation of muscle strength in DMD subjects, and (2) CD8/CD26 T cells from DMD subjects mediated degradation of adenosine by adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	230-239	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	243-262
28984845-2	2017	In this study, we engineered the deaminase domain of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR1) and the MS2 system to target-specific adenosines, with the goal of correcting G-to-A mutations at the RNA level.	Adenosine	133-143	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	53-72
28742222-0	2017	Disruption of the ATP/adenosine balance in CD39-/- mice is associated with handling-induced seizures.	Adenosine	22-31	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	43-47
29296543-4	2017	Here, we demonstrated that activation of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells isolated from healthy donors and cultured in the presence of IL-21 favors the emergence of a subpopulation of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells that express the ectonucleotidase CD73 and inhibits T cell proliferation in a CD73/adenosine-dependent manner.	Adenosine	280-289	interleukin 21	Mus musculus	125-130
28743609-2	2017	This "danger" signal can be converted to immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO) by the action of the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, expressed by skin and immune cells.	Adenosine	59-68	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	114-118
28743609-2	2017	This "danger" signal can be converted to immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO) by the action of the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, expressed by skin and immune cells.	Adenosine	70-73	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	114-118
28747516-8	2017	The fail-safe mechanism in response to adenosine challenge is orchestrated by heterogeneous differences in adenosine A1 receptors and downstream GIRK4 channel protein expressions across the SAN complex.	Adenosine	39-48	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 5	Homo sapiens	145-150
28343356-4	2017	CD39 is the dominant vascular nucleotidase that facilitates adenosine generation via extracellular ATP/ADP-phosphohydrolysis.	Adenosine	60-69	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	0-4
28376099-0	2017	The adenosine generating enzymes CD39/CD73 control microglial processes ramification in the mouse brain.	Adenosine	4-13	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	33-37
28376099-2	2017	Microglia express all essential purinergic elements such as receptors, nucleoside transporters and ecto-enzymes, including CD39 (NTPDase1) and CD73 (5"-nucleotidase), which sequentially degrade extracellular ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	215-224	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	123-127
28376099-2	2017	Microglia express all essential purinergic elements such as receptors, nucleoside transporters and ecto-enzymes, including CD39 (NTPDase1) and CD73 (5"-nucleotidase), which sequentially degrade extracellular ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	215-224	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	129-137
28376099-6	2017	An elevation of extracellular adenosine 1) by the inhibition of adenosine transport with dipyridamole, 2) by application of exogenous adenosine or 3) by degradation of endogenous ATP/ADP with apyrase enhanced spontaneous and ATP-induced ramification of cd39-/- microglia in acute brain slices and facilitated the transformation of cd39-/- and cd73-/- microglia into a ramified process-bearing phenotype in vitro.	Adenosine	30-39	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	253-257
28376099-6	2017	An elevation of extracellular adenosine 1) by the inhibition of adenosine transport with dipyridamole, 2) by application of exogenous adenosine or 3) by degradation of endogenous ATP/ADP with apyrase enhanced spontaneous and ATP-induced ramification of cd39-/- microglia in acute brain slices and facilitated the transformation of cd39-/- and cd73-/- microglia into a ramified process-bearing phenotype in vitro.	Adenosine	30-39	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	331-335
28451365-3	2017	Isothiazolo 2-aminoadenosine, an adenosine surrogate, was found to be particularly emissive and effectively deaminated by adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	122-141
28087698-4	2017	In this study, we demonstrate that lysosomal adenosine is elevated by deleting adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme responsible for adenosine degradation.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	79-98
28087698-4	2017	In this study, we demonstrate that lysosomal adenosine is elevated by deleting adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme responsible for adenosine degradation.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	100-103
28087698-4	2017	In this study, we demonstrate that lysosomal adenosine is elevated by deleting adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme responsible for adenosine degradation.	Adenosine	79-88	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	100-103
28087698-5	2017	We also show that lysosomal adenosine accumulation inhibits TRPML1, which is rescued by overexpressing ENT3, the adenosine transporter situated in the lysosome membrane.	Adenosine	28-37	solute carrier family 29 member 3	Homo sapiens	103-107
27591011-4	2016	Three P1,P3-bis-thio-analogs of symmetrical di(nucleosid-5"-yl) triphosphates (NP3N) bearing adenosine, guanosine or ribavirin residues (6, 7 and 8, respectively), were obtained by direct condensation of corresponding base-protected nucleoside-5"-O-(2-thio-1,3,2-oxathiaphospholane) with anhydrous phosphoric acid in the presence of DBU.	Adenosine	93-102	crystallin gamma F, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	6-11
27708405-3	2016	Here we describe the first comprehensive fragment-based inhibitor exploration of an HSP70 enzyme, which yielded an amino-quinazoline fragment that was elaborated to a novel ATP binding site ligand with different physicochemical properties to known adenosine-based HSP70 inhibitors.	Adenosine	248-257	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	84-89
27708405-3	2016	Here we describe the first comprehensive fragment-based inhibitor exploration of an HSP70 enzyme, which yielded an amino-quinazoline fragment that was elaborated to a novel ATP binding site ligand with different physicochemical properties to known adenosine-based HSP70 inhibitors.	Adenosine	248-257	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	264-269
27237608-1	2016	Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) mediates passage of adenosine across the plasma membrane.	Adenosine	66-75	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	0-38
27237608-1	2016	Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) mediates passage of adenosine across the plasma membrane.	Adenosine	66-75	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	40-44
27430240-0	2016	Adenosine and the adenosine A2A receptor agonist, CGS21680, upregulate CD39 and CD73 expression through E2F-1 and CREB in regulatory T cells isolated from septic mice.	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	71-75
27557561-10	2016	CONCLUSION: Simvastatin reversed IL-13-suppressed ADA activity that leads to the down-regulation of adenosine signaling and therefore inhibits OPN expression through the direct inhibition of IL-13-activated STAT6 pathway.	Adenosine	100-109	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	50-53
27335499-1	2016	Increasing evidence demonstrates that generation of extracellular adenosine from ATP, which is hydrolyzed by the CD39/CD73 enzyme pair, attenuates the inflammatory response and deactivates macrophage antimicrobial mechanisms.	Adenosine	66-75	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	113-117
27373337-3	2016	How Mettl3 and Mettl14 cooperate to catalyze methylation of adenosines has remained elusive.	Adenosine	60-70	methyltransferase 14, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase subunit	Homo sapiens	15-22
27302991-9	2016	Adenosine-mediated decreases in cardiac output and stroke volume may be A2B and/or A3 AR-mediated; however, the A1 and A2 ARs also play roles in overall cardiac function.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	72-75
26847815-2	2016	Adenosine, a small molecule generated extracellularly from adenine nucleotides as a result of direct stimulation, hypoxia, or injury, acts via a family of classical seven-pass G protein-coupled protein receptors, A2A and A2B, leading to generation of cAMP and activation of downstream targets such as PKA and Epac.	Adenosine	0-9	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	309-313
26733167-2	2016	Adenosine is an important immunosuppressive factor which can be secreted by both tumor and immune cells trough action of two cell surface ecto-nucleotidase molecules CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	166-170
27022190-12	2016	Data from ClC-1 expression systems suggest that this ClC-1 activation may arise from loss of regulation by adenosine nucleotides and/or oxidation.	Adenosine	107-116	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	10-15
27022190-12	2016	Data from ClC-1 expression systems suggest that this ClC-1 activation may arise from loss of regulation by adenosine nucleotides and/or oxidation.	Adenosine	107-116	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	53-58
26537220-14	2016	This Delta[Ca(2+)]i response was also strongly inhibited by blockers of either the adenosine A2A receptor (SCH 58261) or of the 5"-ectonucleotidase (AOPCP), suggesting it was due to adenosine arising from breakdown of ATP released through Panx-1 channels.	Adenosine	83-92	Pannexin 1	Rattus norvegicus	239-245
26452489-8	2015	It is concluded that both the inhibitory actions of BDNF on GABA release as well as the facilitatory action of the neurotrophin on glutamate release are dependent on the activation of adenosine A(2A)R by endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	184-193	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
26303340-3	2015	Here, we show that co-activation of mGluR5 and NMDAR in hippocampal slices synergistically leads to a robust phosphorylation of NR2B (Tyr1472), which is Src kinase dependent and is enabled by endogenous adenosine acting on A2A receptors.	Adenosine	203-212	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	128-132
25850656-3	2015	We hypothesized that adenosine-mediated protection from intestinal barrier dysfunction involves tissue-specific signaling through the A2B adenosine receptor (Adora2b) at the intestinal mucosal surface.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	158-165
25955284-6	2015	Therefore, the ASc can be a positive factor for increasing the availability of substrates with significant protective actions, such as adenosine.	Adenosine	135-144	PYD and CARD domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
26313746-6	2015	Moreover, adenosine diminished PMN movement across endothelial monolayers in vitro, and although inhibition or deficiency of CD73 had no discernible impact on PMN recruitment within the first 6 hours after intratracheal inoculation of mice, these measures enhanced PMN numbers in the pulmonary interstitium after 18 hours of infection, culminating in dramatically elevated numbers of pulmonary PMNs at three days post-infection.	Adenosine	10-19	tubulin-specific chaperone E	Mus musculus	31-34
26091716-12	2015	In conclusion, CD56(bright)CD16(-) NK cells act as "regulatory cells" through ADO produced by an ectoenzymes network, with a pivotal role of CD38.	Adenosine	78-81	Fc gamma receptor IIIa	Homo sapiens	27-31
25959377-0	2015	Early adenosine release contributes to hypoxia-induced disruption of stimulus-induced sharp wave-ripple complexes in rat hippocampal area CA3.	Adenosine	6-15	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
25959377-11	2015	Our data suggest that early adenosine release during hypoxia induces a decrease in pre-synaptic glutamate release and that both might contribute to transient block of SPW-Rs during hypoxia/anoxia in area CA3.	Adenosine	28-37	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	204-207
25762024-4	2015	However, an extension in CGS21680 compared with adenosine, the (2-carboxyethyl)phenylethylamino group, binds in an extended vestibule formed from transmembrane regions 2 and 7 (TM2 and TM7) and extracellular loops 2 and 3 (EL2 and EL3).	Adenosine	48-57	spectrin alpha, erythrocytic 1	Homo sapiens	223-226
25747753-3	2015	Known interactions between DPP4 and adenosine deaminase (ADA) suggest an involvement of adenosine signaling in DPP4 inhibitor-mediated cardioprotection.	Adenosine	36-45	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	57-60
25870200-5	2015	Elevated adenosine levels increased runx1(+)/cmyb(+) HSPCs in the dorsal aorta, whereas blocking the adenosine pathway decreased HSPCs.	Adenosine	9-18	runt related transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	36-41
26003082-9	2015	Gap junction inhibitors suppressed the increases in adenosine and adenine nucleotide levels by reduction of [Ca(2+)]e. These results indicate that extracellular adenosine accumulation by ADK/ADA inhibition is due to the adenosine release via ENT2, while that by reduction of [Ca(2+)]e is due to breakdown of ATP released via gap junction hemichannels, after which ENT2 incorporates adenosine into the cells.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	191-194
26003082-9	2015	Gap junction inhibitors suppressed the increases in adenosine and adenine nucleotide levels by reduction of [Ca(2+)]e. These results indicate that extracellular adenosine accumulation by ADK/ADA inhibition is due to the adenosine release via ENT2, while that by reduction of [Ca(2+)]e is due to breakdown of ATP released via gap junction hemichannels, after which ENT2 incorporates adenosine into the cells.	Adenosine	161-170	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	191-194
26003082-9	2015	Gap junction inhibitors suppressed the increases in adenosine and adenine nucleotide levels by reduction of [Ca(2+)]e. These results indicate that extracellular adenosine accumulation by ADK/ADA inhibition is due to the adenosine release via ENT2, while that by reduction of [Ca(2+)]e is due to breakdown of ATP released via gap junction hemichannels, after which ENT2 incorporates adenosine into the cells.	Adenosine	161-170	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	191-194
26003082-9	2015	Gap junction inhibitors suppressed the increases in adenosine and adenine nucleotide levels by reduction of [Ca(2+)]e. These results indicate that extracellular adenosine accumulation by ADK/ADA inhibition is due to the adenosine release via ENT2, while that by reduction of [Ca(2+)]e is due to breakdown of ATP released via gap junction hemichannels, after which ENT2 incorporates adenosine into the cells.	Adenosine	161-170	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	191-194
25713076-6	2015	For HAPR, on the other hand, the reduction to adenosine seems to be of less significance in the detoxication pathway of human cells as HAPR is primarily metabolized to inosine by direct dehydroxylamination catalyzed by adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	46-55	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	219-238
25780038-0	2015	Regulatory T cell-derived adenosine induces dendritic cell migration through the Epac-Rap1 pathway.	Adenosine	26-35	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	81-85
25780038-8	2015	In aggregate, these data show that Treg degrade ATP to adenosine via CD39, attracting DC by activating Epac1-Rap1-dependent pathways.	Adenosine	55-64	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	103-108
25196093-14	2015	Adenosine attenuated the elevation of corticosterone and altered expression of SLC5A1, NPC1L1 and TNF-alpha.	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-85
25384972-6	2015	The blockade of basal (adenosine-free) signaling from A2a inhibits protein kinase A (PKA) activity, thereby recruiting cytosolic p53, which opens the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and impairs mitochondrial respiration, resulting in apoptosis.	Adenosine	23-32	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	54-57
25360869-3	2014	In the absence of ADA, aptamer forms hairpin-like conformation with adenosines making close affinity of Gs and FAM, which results in the weak FRET from PFP to FAM because of FAM fluorescence being quenched by Gs via photoinduced electron transfer (PET).	Adenosine	68-78	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	18-21
25360869-4	2014	After addition of ADA, adenosine was hydrolyzed by ADA, followed by the release of free aptamer.	Adenosine	23-32	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	18-21
25360869-4	2014	After addition of ADA, adenosine was hydrolyzed by ADA, followed by the release of free aptamer.	Adenosine	23-32	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	51-54
25199539-5	2014	First, we found that adenosine stimulation mimicked the effect of acupuncture on microRNA profiling (including miR-339, miR-145 and miR-451) and protein level (including Sirt2) in nerve growth factor-induced differentiated PC12 cells.	Adenosine	21-30	microRNA 451a	Rattus norvegicus	132-139
25199539-5	2014	First, we found that adenosine stimulation mimicked the effect of acupuncture on microRNA profiling (including miR-339, miR-145 and miR-451) and protein level (including Sirt2) in nerve growth factor-induced differentiated PC12 cells.	Adenosine	21-30	sirtuin 2	Rattus norvegicus	170-175
25054776-6	2014	However, in conditions of persistent, excessive adenosine exposure, such as in patients born with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, adenosine signaling via A2B receptor promotes renal fibrosis, as seen in chronic inflammation.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	98-117
25054776-6	2014	However, in conditions of persistent, excessive adenosine exposure, such as in patients born with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, adenosine signaling via A2B receptor promotes renal fibrosis, as seen in chronic inflammation.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	119-122
24990899-8	2014	In conclusion, CD73 and TNAP play interactive roles to metabolize luminally applied 5"-AMP in the renal vasculature such that inhibition of both is required to inhibit the production of adenosine.	Adenosine	186-195	alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney	Mus musculus	24-28
24965595-1	2014	OBJECTIVES: Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) contributes to the regulation of adenosine concentration and in turn to T cell activation.	Adenosine	71-80	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	12-31
24965595-1	2014	OBJECTIVES: Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) contributes to the regulation of adenosine concentration and in turn to T cell activation.	Adenosine	71-80	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	33-36
24477600-7	2014	Adenosine also inhibited thrombin-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and decreased adhesion of monocytic THP-1 cells to stimulated HUVECs via down-regulation of expression of cell surface adhesion molecules, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin.	Adenosine	0-9	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	214-220
24749746-0	2014	Human CD4+ CD39+ regulatory T cells produce adenosine upon co-expression of surface CD73 or contact with CD73+ exosomes or CD73+ cells.	Adenosine	44-53	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	11-15
24749746-1	2014	While murine CD4(+) CD39(+) regulatory T cells (T(reg)) co-express CD73 and hydrolyze exogenous (e) adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO), surface co-expression of CD73 on human circulating CD4(+) CD39(+) T(reg) is rare.	Adenosine	161-164	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	67-71
24500065-2	2014	Extended dsRNA duplexes can be hyperedited by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR), which catalyzes adenosine (A)-to-inosine (I) editing.	Adenosine	46-55	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	81-85
27926468-0	2014	BET 1: Intraosseous adenosine for the termination of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in children.	Adenosine	20-29	Bet1 golgi vesicular membrane trafficking protein	Homo sapiens	0-5
24945528-0	2014	The volatile anesthetic isoflurane increases endothelial adenosine generation via microparticle ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) release.	Adenosine	57-66	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	96-116
24945528-0	2014	The volatile anesthetic isoflurane increases endothelial adenosine generation via microparticle ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) release.	Adenosine	57-66	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	118-122
24440912-1	2014	Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) catalyzes cellular RNA adenosine-to-inosine editing events on structured RNA molecules.	Adenosine	68-77	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-36
24440912-1	2014	Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) catalyzes cellular RNA adenosine-to-inosine editing events on structured RNA molecules.	Adenosine	68-77	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	38-43
24603903-1	2014	The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (CAMKK2-AMPK) pathway mediated amyloid beta42 (Abeta42)-induced synaptotoxicity and blockage of CAMKK2-protected neurons against the effect of Abeta42.	Adenosine	58-67	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase kinase 2	Homo sapiens	108-119
24603903-1	2014	The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (CAMKK2-AMPK) pathway mediated amyloid beta42 (Abeta42)-induced synaptotoxicity and blockage of CAMKK2-protected neurons against the effect of Abeta42.	Adenosine	58-67	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase kinase 2	Homo sapiens	108-114
24844306-7	2014	Adenosine enhanced photoreceptor Cx35 phosphorylation in daytime, but with a complex dose-response curve.	Adenosine	0-9	gap junction protein delta 2b	Danio rerio	33-37
24844306-8	2014	Selective pharmacological manipulations revealed that adenosine A2a receptors provide a potent positive drive to phosphorylate photoreceptor Cx35 under the influence of endogenous adenosine at night.	Adenosine	54-63	gap junction protein delta 2b	Danio rerio	141-145
24844306-11	2014	Thus, the nighttime/darkness signal adenosine provides a net positive drive on Cx35 phosphorylation at night, working in opposition to dopamine to regulate photoreceptor coupling via a push-pull mechanism.	Adenosine	36-45	gap junction protein delta 2b	Danio rerio	79-83
24740327-7	2014	Similar results were found with adenosine analogs, disconnecting the inhibitory effect of certain cAMP analogs from PKA or Epac.	Adenosine	32-41	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	116-119
24670982-3	2014	CD39 (nucleoside triphosphate dephosphorylase) combined with ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) metabolizes ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	108-117	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	61-81
24670982-3	2014	CD39 (nucleoside triphosphate dephosphorylase) combined with ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) metabolizes ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	108-117	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	83-87
24664100-1	2014	CD73 catalyzes the conversion of extracellular nucleosides to adenosine, modulating inflammatory and T cell responses.	Adenosine	62-71	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
24664100-10	2014	Together, these findings suggest that CD73-dependent adenosine signaling is prominent in the mature GC and required for establishment of the long-lived PC compartment, thus identifying a novel role for CD73 in humoral immunity.	Adenosine	53-62	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	38-42
24664100-10	2014	Together, these findings suggest that CD73-dependent adenosine signaling is prominent in the mature GC and required for establishment of the long-lived PC compartment, thus identifying a novel role for CD73 in humoral immunity.	Adenosine	53-62	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	202-206
24347612-2	2014	Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing by ADAR proteins converts a genomically encoded adenosine into inosine.	Adenosine	90-99	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	45-49
24414167-0	2014	Characterization of the adenosine pharmacology of ticagrelor reveals therapeutically relevant inhibition of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1.	Adenosine	24-33	equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1	Canis lupus familiaris	108-146
24414167-10	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Ticagrelor inhibits cellular adenosine uptake selectively via ENT1 inhibition at concentrations of clinical relevance.	Adenosine	42-51	equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1	Canis lupus familiaris	75-79
24462745-1	2014	In many vertebrate tissues CD39-like ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) act in concert with ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5NT, CD73) to convert extracellular ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	183-192	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
24489992-0	2014	Anti-CD39 and anti-CD73 antibodies A1 and 7G2 improve targeted therapy in ovarian cancer by blocking adenosine-dependent immune evasion.	Adenosine	101-110	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	5-9
24489992-1	2014	The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 degrade ATP to adenosine which inhibits immune responses via the A2A adenosine receptor (ADORA2A) on T and NK cells.	Adenosine	51-60	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
24489992-1	2014	The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 degrade ATP to adenosine which inhibits immune responses via the A2A adenosine receptor (ADORA2A) on T and NK cells.	Adenosine	51-60	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	125-132
24304537-9	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Unlike milrinone, cilostazol has therapeutic neutrality in arrhythmias because of adenosine uptake inhibition, which antagonizes the PDE-3-induced increase of sympathetic reinnervation via mediation of an adenosine A1 receptor-mediated antioxidation.	Adenosine	95-104	phosphodiesterase 4D, cAMP-specific-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	146-151
24533801-4	2014	Breakthroughs such as the first ligand-bound X-ray structure of a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist in complex with the adenosine A2A receptor, the discovery of the existence of dopamine D2 homodimers, dopamine D2- adenosine A2A heterodimers and higher order oligomers in addition to technological progress have changed the direction of research in academia and industry and form the pillars for novel and exciting discoveries in this field.	Adenosine	76-85	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	130-152
25034284-6	2014	The phosphohydrolysis of ATP by ectonucleotidases, such as those of the CD39/ENTPD family, results in the generation of immune suppressive adenosine, which in turn markedly limits inflammatory processes.	Adenosine	139-148	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
25175968-2	2014	The A1 and A2A adenosine receptors (A1R and A2AR) are major targets of caffeine and have been extensively investigated.	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	44-48
24043462-1	2014	This study investigated the immune-modulatory effects of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) on human Th17 cell function through the CD39-mediated adenosine-producing pathway.	Adenosine	169-178	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	155-159
24043462-5	2014	The hBMSCs induced increased expression of the CD39 and CD73 on T cells correlated with the suppressive function of hBMSCs, which was accompanied by increased adenosine production.	Adenosine	159-168	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	47-51
24043462-6	2014	Our data suggests that hBMSCs can effectively suppress immune responses of the Th17 cells via the CD39-CD73-mediated adenosine-producing pathway.	Adenosine	117-126	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	98-102
24266925-9	2013	Our work supports the hypothesis that extracellular adenosine, generated in tandem by ecto-enzymes CD39 and CD73, promotes dermal fibrogenesis.	Adenosine	52-61	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	108-112
24045110-0	2013	Perturbation of biogenesis and targeting of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded miR-BART3 microRNA by adenosine-to-inosine editing.	Adenosine	93-102	myosin regulatory light chain interacting protein	Homo sapiens	71-74
24126054-1	2013	Human TRIT1 is a tRNA isopentenyltransferase (IPTase) homologue of Escherichia coli MiaA, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mod5, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Tit1, and Caenorhabditis elegans GRO-1 that adds isopentenyl groups to adenosine 37 (i6A37) of substrate tRNAs.	Adenosine	218-227	tRNA isopentenyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	6-11
24126054-1	2013	Human TRIT1 is a tRNA isopentenyltransferase (IPTase) homologue of Escherichia coli MiaA, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mod5, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Tit1, and Caenorhabditis elegans GRO-1 that adds isopentenyl groups to adenosine 37 (i6A37) of substrate tRNAs.	Adenosine	218-227	tRNA isopentenyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	46-52
23941770-10	2013	Adenosine-mediated MMP-1 inhibition was restored in the presence of H89, a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor.	Adenosine	0-9	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	19-24
23941770-11	2013	Conversely, forskolin, an enhancer of intracellular cAMP, mimicked the effect of adenosine, suggesting that the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway is involved in adenosine-mediated MMP-1 inhibition.	Adenosine	81-90	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	173-178
23941770-11	2013	Conversely, forskolin, an enhancer of intracellular cAMP, mimicked the effect of adenosine, suggesting that the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway is involved in adenosine-mediated MMP-1 inhibition.	Adenosine	154-163	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	173-178
24165678-1	2013	Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, in which genomically encoded adenosine is changed to inosine in RNA, is catalyzed by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR).	Adenosine	72-81	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	128-161
24165678-1	2013	Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, in which genomically encoded adenosine is changed to inosine in RNA, is catalyzed by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR).	Adenosine	72-81	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	163-167
23921184-3	2013	Caffeine, a nonselective competitive PDE inhibitor, due to its structural similarity to adenosine molecule maintains the cAMP level by occupying PDE enzymes such as PDE-3A inside the oocyte and PDE-4 and PDE-5 in the cumulus cells.	Adenosine	88-97	phosphodiesterase 5A	Canis lupus familiaris	204-209
24051088-2	2013	However, in this study we found that adenosine treatment results in cellular senescence in A549 lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo; adenosine induces cell cycle arrest and senescence in a p53/p21 dependent manner; adenosine elevates the level of phosphor-gammaH2AX, pCHK2 and pBRCA1, the markers for prolonged DNA damage response which are likely responsible for initiating the cellular senescence.	Adenosine	37-46	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	201-204
24051088-2	2013	However, in this study we found that adenosine treatment results in cellular senescence in A549 lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo; adenosine induces cell cycle arrest and senescence in a p53/p21 dependent manner; adenosine elevates the level of phosphor-gammaH2AX, pCHK2 and pBRCA1, the markers for prolonged DNA damage response which are likely responsible for initiating the cellular senescence.	Adenosine	141-150	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	201-204
24051088-2	2013	However, in this study we found that adenosine treatment results in cellular senescence in A549 lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo; adenosine induces cell cycle arrest and senescence in a p53/p21 dependent manner; adenosine elevates the level of phosphor-gammaH2AX, pCHK2 and pBRCA1, the markers for prolonged DNA damage response which are likely responsible for initiating the cellular senescence.	Adenosine	141-150	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	201-204
23737488-9	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that glioma-derived CD73 contributes to local adenosine-mediated immunosuppression in synergy with CD39 from infiltrating CD4(+)CD39(+) T lymphocytes, which could become a potential therapeutic target for treatment of malignant glioma and other immunosuppressive diseases.	Adenosine	77-86	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	159-163
23534823-0	2013	ADAR-related activation of adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing during regeneration.	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-4
23534823-6	2013	Full open-reading frame sequences for ADAR1 and ADAR2, two enzymes responsible for adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, were cloned from newt brain cDNA and exhibited a strong resemblance to ADAR (adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific) enzymes discovered in mammals.	Adenosine	83-92	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	38-43
23534823-6	2013	Full open-reading frame sequences for ADAR1 and ADAR2, two enzymes responsible for adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, were cloned from newt brain cDNA and exhibited a strong resemblance to ADAR (adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific) enzymes discovered in mammals.	Adenosine	83-92	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	38-42
23898333-5	2013	A subset of iTreg expressing ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 is able to hydrolyze ATP to 5"-AMP and adenosine (ADO) and thus mediate suppression of those immune cells which express ADO receptors.	Adenosine	100-109	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	47-51
23898333-5	2013	A subset of iTreg expressing ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 is able to hydrolyze ATP to 5"-AMP and adenosine (ADO) and thus mediate suppression of those immune cells which express ADO receptors.	Adenosine	111-114	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	47-51
23825434-1	2013	Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E) hydrolyze extracellular AMP to adenosine in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and in the dorsal spinal cord.	Adenosine	96-105	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	59-63
23825434-2	2013	Previously, we found that adenosine production was reduced, but not eliminated, in Pap-/-/Nt5e-/- double knock-out (dKO) mice, suggesting that a third AMP ectonucleotidase was present in these tissues.	Adenosine	26-35	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	90-94
23825434-9	2013	These data suggest that triple elimination of TNAP, PAP, and NT5E is required to block AMP hydrolysis to adenosine in DRG neurons and dorsal spinal cord.	Adenosine	105-114	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	61-65
23812361-2	2013	show that isoflurane uses a tubule-based transforming growth factor-beta/CD73-dependent process that generates adenosine to protect mice from ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) with effects to prevent the "no-reflow phenomenon" and decrease inflammation.	Adenosine	111-120	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	73-77
24005375-1	2013	BACKGROUND: The role of the adenosine (ADO) suppression pathway, specifically CD39-expressing and CD73-expressing CD4+ T cells in HIV-1 infection is unclear.	Adenosine	28-37	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	78-82
24005375-1	2013	BACKGROUND: The role of the adenosine (ADO) suppression pathway, specifically CD39-expressing and CD73-expressing CD4+ T cells in HIV-1 infection is unclear.	Adenosine	39-42	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	78-82
23557694-5	2013	Adenosine antagonists with different receptor-selectivity profiles were used to study spontaneous or haloperidol-impaired exploration and c-Fos expression in different striatal areas.	Adenosine	0-9	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	138-143
23515796-9	2013	Inhibition of extracellular formation of adenosine by blocking ecto-5"-nucleotidase with alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5"-diphosphate prevented preconditioning in most but not all cells.	Adenosine	41-50	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	63-83
23584256-4	2013	METHODS AND RESULTS: Using high-throughput quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction profiling, we discovered that the expression level of 5"-ectonucleotidase (CD73), a key enzyme that produces extracellular adenosine, was significantly increased in the kidneys of angiotensin II-infused mice, an animal model of hypertensive nephropathy.	Adenosine	227-236	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	179-183
23584256-5	2013	Genetic and pharmacological studies in mice revealed that elevated CD73-mediated excess renal adenosine preferentially induced A2B adenosine receptor (ADORA2B) production and that enhanced kidney ADORA2B signaling contributes to angiotensin II-induced hypertension.	Adenosine	94-103	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	67-71
23398498-1	2013	CONTEXT: CD73 converts extracellular AMP to adenosine which is well known to inhibit lipolysis.	Adenosine	44-53	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	9-13
23398498-2	2013	It is unknown, however, whether adenosine formed directly by CD73 is functionally relevant in this process.	Adenosine	32-41	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	61-65
23398498-3	2013	OBJECTIVE: We therefore explored the effect of CD73-derived adenosine on body fat of aged mice.	Adenosine	60-69	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	47-51
23398498-4	2013	RESULTS: In lean mice, extracellular adenosine formation by adipocytes is dependent on CD73.	Adenosine	37-46	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	87-91
23398498-10	2013	CONCLUSION: CD73-derived adenosine is functionally involved in body fat homeostasis.	Adenosine	25-34	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	12-16
23613714-11	2013	Further, we show that adenosine pretreatment blocked the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced permeability in VVEC-Co, validating its anti-inflammatory effects.	Adenosine	22-31	tumor necrosis factor	Bos taurus	57-84
23613714-11	2013	Further, we show that adenosine pretreatment blocked the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced permeability in VVEC-Co, validating its anti-inflammatory effects.	Adenosine	22-31	tumor necrosis factor	Bos taurus	86-95
22751118-3	2013	Although Tregs mediate immunosuppression through multiple, non-redundant, cell-contact dependent and independent mechanisms, a growing body of evidence suggests an important role for the CD39-CD73-adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	197-206	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	187-191
22751118-4	2013	CD39 ectonucleotidase is the rate-limiting enzyme of a cascade leading to the generation of suppressive adenosine that alters CD4 and CD8 T cell and natural killer cell antitumor activities.	Adenosine	104-113	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
23474584-9	2013	Chemotactic responses of HSCs are increased by CD39-dependent adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis and adenosine signaling via A2A receptors in vitro.	Adenosine	62-71	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	47-51
23345014-8	2013	Adenosine induced apoptosis, which was determined by Annexin V-FITC staining and increased sub-G1 population.	Adenosine	0-9	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	53-62
23440385-10	2013	In conclusion, the current data suggest that adenosine via adenosine A2(B)R and A2(A)R/A3R induces HAS1.	Adenosine	45-54	hyaluronan synthase 1	Homo sapiens	99-103
23079506-3	2013	SAHH hydrolyzes S-AdoHcy to adenosine and homocysteine (Hcy) and is therefore a potential therapeutic target for various diseases, including cancer, malaria, and viral diseases.	Adenosine	28-37	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	0-4
23264566-1	2013	Adenosine to inosine (A &gt; I) RNA editing, which is catalyzed by the ADAR family of proteins, is one of the fundamental mechanisms by which transcriptomic diversity is generated.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	71-75
23663495-8	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that Fli1 and CTGF are important mediators of the fibrogenic actions of adenosine and the use of small molecules such as adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists may be useful in the therapy of dermal fibrosis in diseases such as scleroderma.	Adenosine	105-114	Friend leukemia integration 1	Mus musculus	38-42
22988838-1	2012	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) substrates.	Adenosine	81-90	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-33
22988838-1	2012	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) substrates.	Adenosine	81-90	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	35-39
22997289-8	2012	Inhibition of CD73 resulted, in all cases, in a significant decrease in extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	86-95	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	14-18
22826317-1	2012	CD73 is a cell surface enzyme that suppresses T cell-mediated immune responses by producing extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	106-115	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
22894638-11	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Adenosine from glutamate-stressed neurons induces rapid LIF release in astrocytes.	Adenosine	13-22	leukemia inhibitory factor	Mus musculus	69-72
22875826-1	2012	Research on the biological roles of ectonucleoidases has revealed that CD73, an ecto-5 nucleotidase, plays a special role in the extracellular conversion of adenosine monophosphate to adenosine--specifically, as a checkpoint that determines whether the extracellular environment is proinflammatory (characterized by adenosine 5"-triphosphate-mediated responses) or anti-inflammatory (adenosine-mediated responses).	Adenosine	157-166	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	71-75
22875826-1	2012	Research on the biological roles of ectonucleoidases has revealed that CD73, an ecto-5 nucleotidase, plays a special role in the extracellular conversion of adenosine monophosphate to adenosine--specifically, as a checkpoint that determines whether the extracellular environment is proinflammatory (characterized by adenosine 5"-triphosphate-mediated responses) or anti-inflammatory (adenosine-mediated responses).	Adenosine	157-166	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	80-99
22875826-1	2012	Research on the biological roles of ectonucleoidases has revealed that CD73, an ecto-5 nucleotidase, plays a special role in the extracellular conversion of adenosine monophosphate to adenosine--specifically, as a checkpoint that determines whether the extracellular environment is proinflammatory (characterized by adenosine 5"-triphosphate-mediated responses) or anti-inflammatory (adenosine-mediated responses).	Adenosine	184-193	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	71-75
22875826-1	2012	Research on the biological roles of ectonucleoidases has revealed that CD73, an ecto-5 nucleotidase, plays a special role in the extracellular conversion of adenosine monophosphate to adenosine--specifically, as a checkpoint that determines whether the extracellular environment is proinflammatory (characterized by adenosine 5"-triphosphate-mediated responses) or anti-inflammatory (adenosine-mediated responses).	Adenosine	184-193	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	80-99
22875826-2	2012	Inactivating or inhibiting CD73 attenuates the extracellular formation of adenosine, exacerbating the severity of various inflammatory diseases.	Adenosine	74-83	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	27-31
22875826-3	2012	In this issue of Science Translational Medicine, Flogel and colleagues showed that CD73 can be pharmacologically exploited to convert an inactive adenosine precursor to an active, anti-inflammatory adenosine analog.	Adenosine	146-155	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	83-87
22875826-3	2012	In this issue of Science Translational Medicine, Flogel and colleagues showed that CD73 can be pharmacologically exploited to convert an inactive adenosine precursor to an active, anti-inflammatory adenosine analog.	Adenosine	198-207	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	83-87
22349724-2	2012	Ectonucleotidase CD39 has anti-inflammatory properties as it hydrolyzes proinflammatory extracellular ATP, generates anti-inflammatory adenosine, and also protects regulatory T cells from ATP-induced cell death.	Adenosine	135-144	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	17-21
22758929-7	2012	In a continued demonstration of the versatility of O(6)-(benzotriazol-1H-yl)purine nucleosides, one C-2 triazolylinosine derivative was converted to two adenosine analogues via these intermediates, under mild conditions.	Adenosine	153-162	complement C2	Homo sapiens	100-103
22360621-6	2012	In CSF from traumatic brain injury patients, 2",3"-cAMP was significantly increased in the initial 12 h after injury and strongly correlated with CSF levels of 2"-AMP, 3"-AMP, adenosine and inosine.	Adenosine	176-185	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	3-6
22325325-1	2012	OBJECTIVE: The inhibition of adenosine deaminase with erythro-9 (2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)-adenine (EHNA) and the es-ENT1 transporter with p-nitro-benzylthioinosine (NBMPR), entraps myocardial intracellular adenosine during on-pump warm aortic crossclamping, leading to a complete recovery of cardiac function and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during reperfusion.	Adenosine	29-38	equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1	Canis lupus familiaris	110-114
23189667-11	2012	The limits of quantification (LOQs, S/N = 10) of adenosine and cordycepin were 0.21 and 0.083 mg/L, respectively.	Adenosine	49-58	TARBP2 subunit of RISC loading complex	Homo sapiens	30-34
21882189-0	2012	CD73-generated adenosine promotes osteoblast differentiation.	Adenosine	15-24	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
21882189-1	2012	CD731 is a GPI-anchored cell surface protein with ecto-5"-nucleotidase enzyme activity that plays a crucial role in adenosine production.	Adenosine	116-125	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	50-70
21882189-10	2012	Collectively, our results indicate that CD73 generated adenosine positively regulates osteoblast differentiation via A(2B)AR signaling.	Adenosine	55-64	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	40-44
22438472-3	2012	Assuming that the increment of intracellular cAMP is followed by cAMP efflux and extracellular generation of adenosine, the contribution of the extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway on the beta(2)-AR inotropic response was also addressed.	Adenosine	109-118	adrenergic receptor, beta 2	Mus musculus	188-198
22438472-3	2012	Assuming that the increment of intracellular cAMP is followed by cAMP efflux and extracellular generation of adenosine, the contribution of the extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway on the beta(2)-AR inotropic response was also addressed.	Adenosine	163-172	adrenergic receptor, beta 2	Mus musculus	188-198
22438472-6	2012	The late descending phase of the beta(2)-AR agonist inotropic effect was mimicked by either cAMP or adenosine and abolished by preincubation of diaphragm with pertussis toxin (PTX) (G(i) signaling inhibitor) or the organic anion transporter inhibitor probenecid, indicating a delayed coupling of beta(2)-AR to G(i) protein which depends on cAMP efflux.	Adenosine	100-109	adrenergic receptor, beta 2	Mus musculus	33-43
22311477-8	2012	Collectively, these data demonstrated an important role of adenosine, through A(1)R in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis.	Adenosine	59-68	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	87-92
22213163-7	2012	The results of the present study indicate that extracellular adenosine downregulates Bcl-X(L) expression and upregulates Bid expression, thereby disrupting mitochondrial membrane potentials to allow cytochrome c efflux from the mitochondria, and then causing activation of caspase-9 and the effector caspase-3, as mediated via A(2a) adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	61-70	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	273-282
22337832-1	2012	BET 1: is intravenous adenosine effective and safe in patients presenting with unstable paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia?	Adenosine	22-31	Bet1 golgi vesicular membrane trafficking protein	Homo sapiens	0-5
22720259-1	2012	The enzymatic activity of CD73 produces immune-suppressing adenosine.	Adenosine	59-68	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	26-30
22229268-3	2012	As ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) is the rate-limiting enzyme for extracellular adenosine generation, it may protect renal IRI through adenosine production.	Adenosine	77-86	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	3-23
22229268-3	2012	As ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) is the rate-limiting enzyme for extracellular adenosine generation, it may protect renal IRI through adenosine production.	Adenosine	77-86	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	25-29
22229268-3	2012	As ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) is the rate-limiting enzyme for extracellular adenosine generation, it may protect renal IRI through adenosine production.	Adenosine	132-141	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	3-23
22229268-3	2012	As ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) is the rate-limiting enzyme for extracellular adenosine generation, it may protect renal IRI through adenosine production.	Adenosine	132-141	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	25-29
22229268-7	2012	Our data support the fact that CD73 may protect the kidney from IRI through adenosine production and a reduction of free radicals.	Adenosine	76-85	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	31-35
22264229-2	2012	Adenosine, through its action on the adenosine A2A receptor, prevents neutrophillic adhesion and oxidative burst and inhibits inflammatory cytokine production.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine receptor A2a	Oryctolagus cuniculus	37-59
23118501-1	2012	CD73 is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-(GPI-) linked membrane protein that catalyzes the extracellular dephosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine.	Adenosine	125-134	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
24331176-4	2012	Adenosine alone caused hyperglycemia and reduced plasma adiponectin.	Adenosine	0-9	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	56-67
22761898-3	2012	The present study was performed to test the importance of CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) for basal and hypoxic/ischemic adenosine production.	Adenosine	117-126	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	58-62
22761898-3	2012	The present study was performed to test the importance of CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) for basal and hypoxic/ischemic adenosine production.	Adenosine	117-126	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	64-84
22761898-7	2012	The inhibitory effects of ATP in CD73(+/+) and CD73(-/-) slices were blocked by the adenosine A(1) receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) and were enhanced by the nucleoside transport inhibitor S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI), consistent with effects that are mediated by adenosine after metabolism of ATP.	Adenosine	84-93	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	33-37
22761898-7	2012	The inhibitory effects of ATP in CD73(+/+) and CD73(-/-) slices were blocked by the adenosine A(1) receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) and were enhanced by the nucleoside transport inhibitor S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI), consistent with effects that are mediated by adenosine after metabolism of ATP.	Adenosine	84-93	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	47-51
22666342-1	2012	Extracellular adenosine formed by 5"-ectonucleotidase (CD73) is involved in tubulo-glomerular feedback in the kidney but is also known to be an important immune modulator.	Adenosine	14-23	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	55-59
22514659-1	2012	BACKGROUND: The ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73 are expressed by a broad range of immune cells and promote the extracellular degradation of nucleotides to anti-inflammatory adenosine.	Adenosine	167-176	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	37-41
22514659-9	2012	CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that extracellular ATP formed during I/R is preferentially degraded by CD39 present on myeloid cells, while the formation of immunosuppressive adenosine is mainly catalysed by CD73 present on granulocytes and lymphoid cells.	Adenosine	174-183	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	207-211
21998208-1	2011	Extracellular adenosine (ADO), generated from ATP or ADP through the concerted action of the ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73, elicits autocrine and paracrine effects mediated by type 1 purinergic receptors.	Adenosine	14-23	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	105-109
21998208-1	2011	Extracellular adenosine (ADO), generated from ATP or ADP through the concerted action of the ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73, elicits autocrine and paracrine effects mediated by type 1 purinergic receptors.	Adenosine	25-28	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	105-109
21998208-5	2011	CD39(+)/CD73(+) CLL cells generate ADO from ADP in a time- and concentration-dependent manner.	Adenosine	35-38	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
21810444-1	2011	Several selective antagonists for adenosine A(2A) receptors (A(2A)R) are currently under evaluation in clinical trials (phases I to III) to treat Parkinson"s disease, and they will probably soon reach the market.	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	44-68
22024172-4	2011	As a consequence, adenosine is released as a paracrine sleep-promoting molecule to activate adenosine A2A receptor-expressing sleep-promoting neurons and to inhibit adenosine A1 receptor-possessing arousal neurons.	Adenosine	18-27	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	92-114
22011440-0	2011	PAP and NT5E inhibit nociceptive neurotransmission by rapidly hydrolyzing nucleotides to adenosine.	Adenosine	89-98	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	8-12
22011440-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) produce extracellular adenosine from the nucleotide AMP in spinal nociceptive (pain-sensing) circuits; however, it is currently unknown if these are the main ectonucleotidases that generate adenosine or how rapidly they generate adenosine.	Adenosine	105-114	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	49-69
22011440-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) produce extracellular adenosine from the nucleotide AMP in spinal nociceptive (pain-sensing) circuits; however, it is currently unknown if these are the main ectonucleotidases that generate adenosine or how rapidly they generate adenosine.	Adenosine	105-114	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	71-75
22011440-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) produce extracellular adenosine from the nucleotide AMP in spinal nociceptive (pain-sensing) circuits; however, it is currently unknown if these are the main ectonucleotidases that generate adenosine or how rapidly they generate adenosine.	Adenosine	105-114	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	77-81
22011440-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) produce extracellular adenosine from the nucleotide AMP in spinal nociceptive (pain-sensing) circuits; however, it is currently unknown if these are the main ectonucleotidases that generate adenosine or how rapidly they generate adenosine.	Adenosine	273-282	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	49-69
22011440-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) produce extracellular adenosine from the nucleotide AMP in spinal nociceptive (pain-sensing) circuits; however, it is currently unknown if these are the main ectonucleotidases that generate adenosine or how rapidly they generate adenosine.	Adenosine	273-282	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	71-75
22011440-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) produce extracellular adenosine from the nucleotide AMP in spinal nociceptive (pain-sensing) circuits; however, it is currently unknown if these are the main ectonucleotidases that generate adenosine or how rapidly they generate adenosine.	Adenosine	273-282	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	77-81
22011440-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) produce extracellular adenosine from the nucleotide AMP in spinal nociceptive (pain-sensing) circuits; however, it is currently unknown if these are the main ectonucleotidases that generate adenosine or how rapidly they generate adenosine.	Adenosine	273-282	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	49-69
22011440-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) produce extracellular adenosine from the nucleotide AMP in spinal nociceptive (pain-sensing) circuits; however, it is currently unknown if these are the main ectonucleotidases that generate adenosine or how rapidly they generate adenosine.	Adenosine	273-282	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	71-75
22011440-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) produce extracellular adenosine from the nucleotide AMP in spinal nociceptive (pain-sensing) circuits; however, it is currently unknown if these are the main ectonucleotidases that generate adenosine or how rapidly they generate adenosine.	Adenosine	273-282	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	77-81
22011440-5	2011	Adenosine was maximally produced within seconds from AMP in wild-type (WT) mice but production was reduced &gt;50% in dKO mice, indicating PAP and NT5E rapidly generate adenosine in lamina II.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	147-151
22011440-5	2011	Adenosine was maximally produced within seconds from AMP in wild-type (WT) mice but production was reduced &gt;50% in dKO mice, indicating PAP and NT5E rapidly generate adenosine in lamina II.	Adenosine	169-178	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	147-151
22011440-7	2011	Adenosine transients were of short duration (&lt;2 s) and were reduced (&gt;60%) in frequency in Pap-/-, Nt5e-/- and dKO mice, suggesting these ectonucleotidases rapidly hydrolyze endogenously released nucleotides to adenosine.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	105-109
22011440-9	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our experiments indicate that PAP and NT5E are the main ectonucleotidases that generate adenosine in nociceptive circuits and indicate these enzymes transform pulsatile or sustained nucleotide release into an inhibitory adenosinergic signal.	Adenosine	115-124	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	65-69
21638125-0	2011	Ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 on OvCA cells are potent adenosine-generating enzymes responsible for adenosine receptor 2A-dependent suppression of T cell function and NK cell cytotoxicity.	Adenosine	57-66	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
21638125-1	2011	The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 degrade immune stimulatory ATP to adenosine that inhibits T and NK cell responses via the A(2A) adenosine receptor (ADORA2A).	Adenosine	70-79	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
21638125-1	2011	The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 degrade immune stimulatory ATP to adenosine that inhibits T and NK cell responses via the A(2A) adenosine receptor (ADORA2A).	Adenosine	70-79	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	152-159
22028664-2	2011	It occurs when a genomically encoded adenosine (A) is converted to an inosine (I) by ADAR proteins.	Adenosine	37-46	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	85-89
21835166-1	2011	RNA editing by adenosine deamination, catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR), is a post-transcriptional modification that contributes to transcriptome and proteome diversity and is widespread in mammals.	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	51-85
21835166-1	2011	RNA editing by adenosine deamination, catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR), is a post-transcriptional modification that contributes to transcriptome and proteome diversity and is widespread in mammals.	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	87-91
21430704-1	2011	CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) produce immunosuppressive adenosine by degradation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	75-84	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	166-170
21464136-0	2011	Cooperation of adenosine with macrophage Toll-4 receptor agonists leads to increased glycolytic flux through the enhanced expression of PFKFB3 gene.	Adenosine	15-24	6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	136-142
21464136-3	2011	Using shRNA and differential expression of A(2A) and A(2B) receptors, we demonstrate that the A(2A) receptor mediates, in part, the induction of pfkfb3 by LPS, whereas the A(2B) receptor, with lower adenosine affinity, cooperates when high adenosine levels are present.	Adenosine	240-249	6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	145-151
21464136-6	2011	Taken together, our results show that, in macrophages, endogenously generated adenosine cooperates with bacterial components to increase PFKFB3 isozyme activity, resulting in greater fructose 2,6-bisphosphate accumulation.	Adenosine	78-87	6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	137-143
21619990-1	2011	BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine whether polarized arrest using adenosine/lidocaine cold crystalloid cardioplegia in combination with the hibernation inductor delta-opioid receptor agonist pentazocine would give satisfactory myocardial protection rather than using depolarized supranormal potassium cardioplegia, supranormal potassium cardioplegia with pentazocine, or adenosine/lidocaine cardioplegia.	Adenosine	391-400	opioid receptor delta 1	Sus scrofa	181-202
21486772-5	2011	During adenosine, forearm vasoconstrictor responses to direct alpha1-stimulation were lower in older compared with young adults (DeltaFVC=-25 +- 3% vs. -41 +- 5%; P &lt;0.05), whereas the responses to alpha2-stimulation were not different (-35+-6% vs. -44 +- 8%; NS).	Adenosine	7-16	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	62-68
21424267-1	2011	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eNT/CD73, E.C.3.1.3.5) is a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked cell-surface protein with several functions, including the local generation of adenosine from AMP, with the consequent activation of adenosine receptors and the salvaging of extracellular nucleotides.	Adenosine	172-181	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-20
21424267-1	2011	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eNT/CD73, E.C.3.1.3.5) is a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked cell-surface protein with several functions, including the local generation of adenosine from AMP, with the consequent activation of adenosine receptors and the salvaging of extracellular nucleotides.	Adenosine	172-181	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	26-30
21469131-1	2011	CD73/ecto-5"-nucleotidase dephosphorylates extracellular AMP into adenosine, and it is a key enzyme in the regulation of adenosinergic signaling.	Adenosine	66-75	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
21469131-1	2011	CD73/ecto-5"-nucleotidase dephosphorylates extracellular AMP into adenosine, and it is a key enzyme in the regulation of adenosinergic signaling.	Adenosine	66-75	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	5-25
21292811-1	2011	CD73 is a cell-surface enzyme that suppresses immune responses by producing extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	90-99	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
21357264-2	2011	Based on previous studies indicating an anti-inflammatory role for hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1-elicited enhancement of extracellular adenosine production via ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) and signaling through the A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR), we targeted HIF-1 during IR using pharmacological or genetic approaches.	Adenosine	138-147	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	163-183
21357264-2	2011	Based on previous studies indicating an anti-inflammatory role for hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1-elicited enhancement of extracellular adenosine production via ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) and signaling through the A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR), we targeted HIF-1 during IR using pharmacological or genetic approaches.	Adenosine	138-147	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	185-189
21307327-7	2011	The neuromodulator adenosine reduced the amplitude and spatiotemporal spread of VSD signals evoked in CA1 of Mecp2 mutant slices to wild-type levels, suggesting its potential use as an anticonvulsant in RTT individuals.	Adenosine	19-28	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	102-105
21307327-7	2011	The neuromodulator adenosine reduced the amplitude and spatiotemporal spread of VSD signals evoked in CA1 of Mecp2 mutant slices to wild-type levels, suggesting its potential use as an anticonvulsant in RTT individuals.	Adenosine	19-28	methyl CpG binding protein 2	Mus musculus	109-114
21412432-5	2011	Drosophila possesses a family of six ADGF proteins with ADGF-A being the main regulator of extra-cellular adenosine during larval stages.	Adenosine	106-115	Adenosine deaminase-related growth factor A	Drosophila melanogaster	56-62
21412432-11	2011	Connecting the exclusive expression of ADGF-A within sites of inflammation, as presented here, with the release of energy stores when the ADGF-A activity is absent, suggests that extra-cellular adenosine may function as a signal for energy allocation during immune response and that ADGF-A/ADA2 expression in such sites of inflammation may regulate this role.	Adenosine	194-203	Adenosine deaminase-related growth factor A	Drosophila melanogaster	39-45
20665697-10	2011	These findings suggest that seizing entails lasting changes in hippocampus area CA1 so that LTP induction by PBs is masked due to intensive adenosine release which in turn prevents TPS to induce PS LTD in epileptic CA1 network.	Adenosine	140-149	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
20665697-10	2011	These findings suggest that seizing entails lasting changes in hippocampus area CA1 so that LTP induction by PBs is masked due to intensive adenosine release which in turn prevents TPS to induce PS LTD in epileptic CA1 network.	Adenosine	140-149	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	215-218
21386999-1	2011	Adenosine A(2A) receptors (A2ARs) are thought to interact negatively with the dopamine D(2) receptor (D2R), so selective A2AR antagonists have attracted attention as novel treatments for Parkinson"s disease (PD).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	27-31
21325824-0	2011	Adenosine activates AMPK to phosphorylate Bcl-XL responsible for mitochondrial damage and DIABLO release in HuH-7 cells.	Adenosine	0-9	diablo IAP-binding mitochondrial protein	Homo sapiens	90-96
20709859-7	2010	5"-Ectonucleotidase (CD73) is thought to be necessary for the production of adenosine during ischemia.	Adenosine	76-85	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	21-25
20842321-0	2010	Role of adenosine A(2A) receptors in modulating synaptic functions and brain levels of BDNF: a possible key mechanism in the pathophysiology of Huntington"s disease.	Adenosine	8-17	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	87-91
20842321-1	2010	In the last few years, accumulating evidence has shown the existence of an important cross-talk between adenosine A(2A) receptors (A(2A)Rs) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).	Adenosine	104-113	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	144-177
20842321-1	2010	In the last few years, accumulating evidence has shown the existence of an important cross-talk between adenosine A(2A) receptors (A(2A)Rs) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).	Adenosine	104-113	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	179-183
20211657-4	2010	The adenosine antagonists MSX-3, caffeine, DPCPX and CPT were studied for their ability to reverse the locomotor suppression induced by the D(1) antagonist SCH 39166 (ecopipam) and the D(2) antagonist eticlopride.	Adenosine	4-13	msh homeobox 3	Rattus norvegicus	26-31
20548026-8	2010	These data implicate CD73 acting through adenosine generation and its stimulation of the A2AR as a critical negative modulator of lymphocyte recruitment into airway allografts.	Adenosine	41-50	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	21-25
20548026-9	2010	The CD73/adenosine axis might be a new therapeutic target to prevent BO.	Adenosine	9-18	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	4-8
20574523-1	2010	Adenosine to Inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a site-specific modification of RNA transcripts, catalyzed by members of the ADAR (Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA) protein family.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	122-126
20574523-1	2010	Adenosine to Inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a site-specific modification of RNA transcripts, catalyzed by members of the ADAR (Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA) protein family.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	128-161
20136797-6	2010	The purpose of the present study was to characterize in this system the expression profile of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), the enzyme generating adenosine from AMP.	Adenosine	145-154	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	94-114
20136797-6	2010	The purpose of the present study was to characterize in this system the expression profile of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), the enzyme generating adenosine from AMP.	Adenosine	145-154	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	116-120
20395005-3	2010	During ethanol metabolism, adenosine is generated by the enzyme ecto-5"-nucleotidase, and adenosine production and adenosine receptor activation are known to play critical roles in the development of hepatic fibrosis.	Adenosine	27-36	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	64-84
19900759-2	2010	In the gene expression assay using a DNA microalley, adenosine upregulated mRNAs for tumor necrosis factor (TNF), TNF receptor 1-associated death domain protein (TRADD), TNF related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2), TRADD/receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), and caspase-9, involving activation of caspase-8 and -9 followed by the effector caspase-3.	Adenosine	53-62	TNF receptor superfamily member 10b	Homo sapiens	170-218
19900759-2	2010	In the gene expression assay using a DNA microalley, adenosine upregulated mRNAs for tumor necrosis factor (TNF), TNF receptor 1-associated death domain protein (TRADD), TNF related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2), TRADD/receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), and caspase-9, involving activation of caspase-8 and -9 followed by the effector caspase-3.	Adenosine	53-62	TNF receptor superfamily member 10b	Homo sapiens	220-228
19900759-2	2010	In the gene expression assay using a DNA microalley, adenosine upregulated mRNAs for tumor necrosis factor (TNF), TNF receptor 1-associated death domain protein (TRADD), TNF related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2), TRADD/receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), and caspase-9, involving activation of caspase-8 and -9 followed by the effector caspase-3.	Adenosine	53-62	receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	237-274
19900759-2	2010	In the gene expression assay using a DNA microalley, adenosine upregulated mRNAs for tumor necrosis factor (TNF), TNF receptor 1-associated death domain protein (TRADD), TNF related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2), TRADD/receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), and caspase-9, involving activation of caspase-8 and -9 followed by the effector caspase-3.	Adenosine	53-62	receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	276-281
19900759-2	2010	In the gene expression assay using a DNA microalley, adenosine upregulated mRNAs for tumor necrosis factor (TNF), TNF receptor 1-associated death domain protein (TRADD), TNF related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2), TRADD/receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), and caspase-9, involving activation of caspase-8 and -9 followed by the effector caspase-3.	Adenosine	53-62	Fas associated via death domain	Homo sapiens	284-319
20398264-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E, also known as CD73) hydrolyzes extracellular adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine in nociceptive circuits.	Adenosine	85-94	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	12-32
20398264-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E, also known as CD73) hydrolyzes extracellular adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine in nociceptive circuits.	Adenosine	85-94	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	34-38
20398264-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E, also known as CD73) hydrolyzes extracellular adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine in nociceptive circuits.	Adenosine	85-94	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	54-58
20371826-4	2010	Importantly, we found that accumulated adenosine contributed to the inhibition of the hippocampal CA1 LTP and impairment of spatial memory retrieval measured in the Morris water maze.	Adenosine	39-48	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	98-101
20371826-6	2010	Likewise, adenosine deaminase, which converts adenosine into the inactive metabolite inosine, restored impaired hippocampal CA1 LTP.	Adenosine	10-19	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	124-127
19777340-5	2010	In this study, we have investigated the influence of two neuroprotective anti-Parkinsonian drugs, the monoamine oxidase B inhibitor selegiline and the adenosine A(2A) antagonist SCH 58261, on the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) in the mouse brain.	Adenosine	151-160	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	206-239
20408459-5	2010	Adenosine, a key molecule in the anti-inflammatory action of MTX seems to have a pro-fibrotic effect in some experimental models, thereby suggesting a mechanism through which MTX could lead to a fibrotic process.	Adenosine	0-9	metaxin 1	Homo sapiens	61-64
20408459-5	2010	Adenosine, a key molecule in the anti-inflammatory action of MTX seems to have a pro-fibrotic effect in some experimental models, thereby suggesting a mechanism through which MTX could lead to a fibrotic process.	Adenosine	0-9	metaxin 1	Homo sapiens	175-178
20179192-3	2010	Because the ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity of CD73 catalyzes AMP breakdown to immunosuppressive adenosine, we hypothesized that CD73-generated adenosine prevents tumor destruction by inhibiting antitumor immunity.	Adenosine	95-104	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	12-32
20179192-3	2010	Because the ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity of CD73 catalyzes AMP breakdown to immunosuppressive adenosine, we hypothesized that CD73-generated adenosine prevents tumor destruction by inhibiting antitumor immunity.	Adenosine	95-104	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	45-49
20179192-3	2010	Because the ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity of CD73 catalyzes AMP breakdown to immunosuppressive adenosine, we hypothesized that CD73-generated adenosine prevents tumor destruction by inhibiting antitumor immunity.	Adenosine	95-104	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	127-131
20179192-3	2010	Because the ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity of CD73 catalyzes AMP breakdown to immunosuppressive adenosine, we hypothesized that CD73-generated adenosine prevents tumor destruction by inhibiting antitumor immunity.	Adenosine	142-151	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	12-32
20179192-3	2010	Because the ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity of CD73 catalyzes AMP breakdown to immunosuppressive adenosine, we hypothesized that CD73-generated adenosine prevents tumor destruction by inhibiting antitumor immunity.	Adenosine	142-151	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	45-49
20179192-3	2010	Because the ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity of CD73 catalyzes AMP breakdown to immunosuppressive adenosine, we hypothesized that CD73-generated adenosine prevents tumor destruction by inhibiting antitumor immunity.	Adenosine	142-151	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	127-131
19897460-8	2010	Repetition in seven patients of the pEST/EST-2 protocol after intravenous administration of the adenosine antagonist theophylline showed prevention of the effects of p-EST on exercise-induced platelet reactivity.	Adenosine	96-105	telomerase reverse transcriptase	Homo sapiens	41-46
19914331-0	2010	Sleep fragmentation reduces hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell excitability and response to adenosine.	Adenosine	88-97	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
19914331-5	2010	Contrary to our initial prediction, the hyperpolarizing response to bath applied adenosine (30 microM) was reduced in the CA1 neurons of SF treated rats.	Adenosine	81-90	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
20026782-10	2010	Endothelial CD73 is known to induce antiadhesion signaling via the production of adenosine.	Adenosine	81-90	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	12-16
20413899-1	2010	Adenosine suppresses immune responses through the adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	75-79
20413899-1	2010	Adenosine suppresses immune responses through the adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR).	Adenosine	50-59	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	75-79
19947935-5	2009	Furthermore, adenosine was found to modulate the expression of some important proteins in the cell cycle, such as cyclin B and p21, and to inhibit the transition of metaphase to anaphase in mitosis.	Adenosine	13-22	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	127-130
19751800-1	2009	The depth and complexity of the non-coding transcriptome in nervous system tissues provides a rich substrate for adenosine de-amination acting on RNA (ADAR).	Adenosine	113-122	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	151-155
19920175-1	2009	Ricin A-chain (RTA) and saporin-L1 (SAP) catalyze adenosine depurination of 28S rRNA to inhibit protein synthesis and cause cell death.	Adenosine	50-59	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	15-18
19843934-7	2009	Importantly, the impaired effector functions were maintained in T cells even after removal of the A2AR agonist, reflecting T cell memory of the immunoregulatory effect of adenosine.	Adenosine	171-180	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	98-102
19740768-2	2009	The family of ADAR enzymes converts some adenosines of RNA duplexes to inosines through hydrolytic deamination.	Adenosine	41-51	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	14-18
19845893-4	2009	Since adenosine inhibits the expression of TNF-alpha, two functional polymorphisms in genes encoding enzymes participating in adenosine metabolism, i.e. AMP deaminase-1 (AMPD1, C34T) and adenosine deaminase (ADA, G22A), were analyzed.	Adenosine	6-15	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	153-168
19845893-4	2009	Since adenosine inhibits the expression of TNF-alpha, two functional polymorphisms in genes encoding enzymes participating in adenosine metabolism, i.e. AMP deaminase-1 (AMPD1, C34T) and adenosine deaminase (ADA, G22A), were analyzed.	Adenosine	126-135	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	153-168
19845893-4	2009	Since adenosine inhibits the expression of TNF-alpha, two functional polymorphisms in genes encoding enzymes participating in adenosine metabolism, i.e. AMP deaminase-1 (AMPD1, C34T) and adenosine deaminase (ADA, G22A), were analyzed.	Adenosine	126-135	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	170-175
19740334-4	2009	We show that adenosine inhibited the initial activation of murine naive CD8 T cells after alphaCD3/CD28-mediated stimulation.	Adenosine	13-22	CD28 antigen	Mus musculus	99-103
19740334-7	2009	Further analysis of the underlying mechanisms demonstrated that adenosine prevented rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of the key kinase ZAP-70 as well as Akt and ERK1/2 in naive alphaCD3/CD28-stimulated CD8 cells.	Adenosine	64-73	zeta-chain (TCR) associated protein kinase	Mus musculus	133-139
19740334-7	2009	Further analysis of the underlying mechanisms demonstrated that adenosine prevented rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of the key kinase ZAP-70 as well as Akt and ERK1/2 in naive alphaCD3/CD28-stimulated CD8 cells.	Adenosine	64-73	CD28 antigen	Mus musculus	184-188
19740334-8	2009	Consequently, alphaCD3/CD28-induced calcium-influx into CD8 cells was reduced by exposure to adenosine.	Adenosine	93-102	CD28 antigen	Mus musculus	23-27
19464286-2	2009	The synthesis of adenosine involves the catabolism of adenine nucleotides (ATP, ADP and AMP) by the action of extracellular ectonucleotidases i.e. CD39 or nucleoside triphosphate dephosphorylase (NTPD) and CD73 or 5"-ectonucleotidase.	Adenosine	17-26	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	147-151
19188511-4	2009	These experiments identified P2Y1, P2Y2, and possibly P2Y4 as the purinergic receptors involved in eNOS phosphorylation and demonstrated that this process was adenosine independent.	Adenosine	159-168	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Homo sapiens	29-33
19105964-10	2009	CONCLUSIONS: HIF-1alpha-dependent repression of ENT2 increases mucosal adenosine signaling and attenuates hypoxia-associated inflammation of the intestine.	Adenosine	71-80	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	13-23
18640059-5	2009	Adenosine analogs were added to control and TNF-alpha- or LPS-treated cultures both in the absence and in the presence of adenosine deaminase (ADA) which is used to deplete endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Bos taurus	44-53
19088736-1	2009	ADAR1 catalyzes the deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-5
18804111-0	2008	Extracellular adenosine production by ecto-5"-nucleotidase protects during murine hepatic ischemic preconditioning.	Adenosine	14-23	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	38-58
18804111-5	2008	We investigated whether ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), the "pacemaker" enzyme of extracellular adenosine production, is critical for hepatic protection by IP.	Adenosine	93-102	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	24-44
18804111-5	2008	We investigated whether ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), the "pacemaker" enzyme of extracellular adenosine production, is critical for hepatic protection by IP.	Adenosine	93-102	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	46-50
18804111-9	2008	Increases in extracellular adenosine with IP were significantly attenuated in cd73-deficient (cd73(-/-)) mice.	Adenosine	27-36	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	78-82
18804111-9	2008	Increases in extracellular adenosine with IP were significantly attenuated in cd73-deficient (cd73(-/-)) mice.	Adenosine	27-36	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	94-98
18804111-12	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Extracellular adenosine production by CD73 mediates protection during murine hepatic IP.	Adenosine	27-36	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	51-55
18607626-1	2008	Adenosine is formed from extracellular purines by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) and is an essential player in allergic airway inflammation.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	50-70
18607626-1	2008	Adenosine is formed from extracellular purines by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) and is an essential player in allergic airway inflammation.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	72-76
18838560-6	2008	In mice in which extracellular adenosine production was impaired by CD73 KO, TAC caused greater hypertrophy and dysfunction and increased myocardial 3"-nitrotyrosine.	Adenosine	31-40	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	68-72
18708630-8	2008	Increases of CD73 transcript (5"-ectonucleotidase, pacemaker of extracellular adenosine production) or total pulmonary adenosine levels with mechanical ventilation were less pronounced in C57BL/6 mice, suggesting attenuated adenosine protection in C57BL/6 mice.	Adenosine	78-87	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	13-17
18752325-5	2008	Here, we show that NKT cells express both CD39 and CD73/ecto-5"-nucleotidase and can therefore generate adenosine from extracellular nucleotides, whereas natural killer cells do not express CD73.	Adenosine	104-113	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	51-55
18752325-5	2008	Here, we show that NKT cells express both CD39 and CD73/ecto-5"-nucleotidase and can therefore generate adenosine from extracellular nucleotides, whereas natural killer cells do not express CD73.	Adenosine	104-113	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	56-76
18263696-0	2008	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) -mediated extracellular adenosine production plays a critical role in hepatic fibrosis.	Adenosine	52-61	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-20
18263696-0	2008	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) -mediated extracellular adenosine production plays a critical role in hepatic fibrosis.	Adenosine	52-61	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	22-26
18263696-4	2008	Because ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) catalyzes the terminal step in extracellular adenosine formation from AMP, we determined whether CD73 plays a role in the development of hepatic fibrosis.	Adenosine	81-90	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	8-28
18263696-4	2008	Because ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) catalyzes the terminal step in extracellular adenosine formation from AMP, we determined whether CD73 plays a role in the development of hepatic fibrosis.	Adenosine	81-90	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	30-34
18668437-9	2008	hENT4 is uniquely selective for adenosine, and also transports a variety of organic cations.	Adenosine	32-41	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
18445587-9	2008	Moreover, we identified the two receptors with low affinity to adenosine, namely A(2B) and A(3) adenosine receptors, as regulators of the FADD secretion process.	Adenosine	63-72	Fas (TNFRSF6)-associated via death domain	Mus musculus	138-142
18424752-0	2008	CD73-generated adenosine restricts lymphocyte migration into draining lymph nodes.	Adenosine	15-24	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
18424752-3	2008	CD73 produces adenosine from AMP and is expressed on high endothelial venules (HEV) and subsets of lymphocytes.	Adenosine	14-23	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
18424752-6	2008	The A(2B) receptor is a likely target of CD73-generated adenosine, because it is the only adenosine receptor expressed on the HEV-like cell line KOP2.16 and it is up-regulated by TNF-alpha.	Adenosine	56-65	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	41-45
18311159-2	2008	Adenosine generation and consequent effects, mediated via A2A adenosine receptors (A2AR) on effector cells, play a critical role in the pathophysiological modulation of these responses in vivo.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	58-81
18311159-2	2008	Adenosine generation and consequent effects, mediated via A2A adenosine receptors (A2AR) on effector cells, play a critical role in the pathophysiological modulation of these responses in vivo.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	83-87
18311159-3	2008	Adenosine is both released by hypoxic cells/tissues and is also generated from extracellular nucleotides by ecto-enzymes e.g. CD39 (ENTPD1) and CD73 that are expressed by the vasculature and immune cells, in particular by T regulatory cell.	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	126-130
18311159-3	2008	Adenosine is both released by hypoxic cells/tissues and is also generated from extracellular nucleotides by ecto-enzymes e.g. CD39 (ENTPD1) and CD73 that are expressed by the vasculature and immune cells, in particular by T regulatory cell.	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	132-138
18311159-7	2008	Novel drugs that block A2AR-adenosinergic effects and/or adenosine generation have the potential to boost pathogen destruction and to selectively destroy malignant tissues.	Adenosine	28-37	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	23-27
18032734-8	2008	We documented that the interaction between P-selectin and its ligand (P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1) plays a role in adenosine-dependent eEPC adhesion to cECs and that stimulation of adenosine receptors in cECs induces rapid cell surface expression of P-selectin.	Adenosine	120-129	selectin P	Homo sapiens	43-53
18032734-8	2008	We documented that the interaction between P-selectin and its ligand (P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1) plays a role in adenosine-dependent eEPC adhesion to cECs and that stimulation of adenosine receptors in cECs induces rapid cell surface expression of P-selectin.	Adenosine	120-129	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	70-102
18032734-8	2008	We documented that the interaction between P-selectin and its ligand (P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1) plays a role in adenosine-dependent eEPC adhesion to cECs and that stimulation of adenosine receptors in cECs induces rapid cell surface expression of P-selectin.	Adenosine	120-129	selectin P	Homo sapiens	70-80
18098126-5	2008	However, the effects of ATP on migration in cd39(-/-) microglia can be restored by co-stimulation with adenosine or by addition of a soluble ectonucleotidase.	Adenosine	103-112	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	44-48
17693933-7	2008	Adenosine had no effect on the expression of CD14 and TLR-4, suggesting that the inhibitory effects of adenosine on the LPS actions might be independent of the expression of CD14 and TLR-4.	Adenosine	0-9	interferon regulatory factor 6	Homo sapiens	120-123
17693933-7	2008	Adenosine had no effect on the expression of CD14 and TLR-4, suggesting that the inhibitory effects of adenosine on the LPS actions might be independent of the expression of CD14 and TLR-4.	Adenosine	103-112	interferon regulatory factor 6	Homo sapiens	120-123
18585081-2	2008	Recent experiments studied the ability of MSX-3 (an adenosine A(2A) antagonist) to reverse the locomotor suppression and tremor produced by dopamine antagonists in rats.	Adenosine	52-61	msh homeobox 3	Rattus norvegicus	42-47
17845853-2	2007	Ribavirin has also been reported to inhibit human S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (Hs-SAHH), which catalyzes the conversion of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine to adenosine and homocysteine.	Adenosine	160-169	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	90-94
17845853-3	2007	We now report that ribavirin, which is structurally similar to adenosine, produces time-dependent inactivation of Hs-SAHH and Trypanosoma cruzi SAHH (Tc-SAHH).	Adenosine	63-72	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	117-121
17845853-3	2007	We now report that ribavirin, which is structurally similar to adenosine, produces time-dependent inactivation of Hs-SAHH and Trypanosoma cruzi SAHH (Tc-SAHH).	Adenosine	63-72	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	144-148
17910011-0	2007	Biologically stable 2-5A analogues containing 3"-O,4"-C-bridged adenosine as potent RNase L agonists.	Adenosine	64-73	ribonuclease L	Homo sapiens	84-91
18067781-8	2007	Plasma cardiac troponin I levels were higher and the areas of hydropic changes were larger in control group than in ARG and ADO groups.	Adenosine	124-127	troponin I3, cardiac type	Canis lupus familiaris	7-25
18067781-9	2007	Combination of arginine and adenosine provided further myoprotection with respect to better cardiac performance, lower release of cardiac troponin I, and smaller areas of hydropic changes compared with ARG and ADO groups.	Adenosine	28-37	troponin I3, cardiac type	Canis lupus familiaris	130-148
17709634-12	2007	Adenosine infusion increased MBF by 3.0+/-0.6-fold in NOS3-/- mice and 2.5+/-0.3-fold in WT (P=0.58 between genotypes).	Adenosine	0-9	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	54-58
17616749-0	2007	The central role of adenosine in statin-induced ERK1/2, Akt, and eNOS phosphorylation.	Adenosine	20-29	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	65-69
17589432-6	2007	The tumor protective effect was induced with MART1 mRNA carrying a poly(A) tail length of 100 adenosines at an optimal dose of 12.5 microg per mouse.	Adenosine	94-104	melan-A	Mus musculus	45-50
17500000-12	2007	Both types of aprotinin significantly increased vasorelaxation to adenosine when compared with controls, but did not affect that to sodium nitroprusside.	Adenosine	66-75	pancreatic trypsin inhibitor	Bos taurus	14-23
17553694-6	2007	The effects of ADPbetaS and adenosine were reversed by subtype-selective receptor antagonists, demonstrating that P2Y1 and A2a receptors mediate inhibitory effects on primary neurosphere proliferation.	Adenosine	28-37	purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 1	Mus musculus	114-118
17575165-4	2007	Studies with CGS21680, a specific agonist of adenosine A2A receptor (AdoRA2A), and ZM241385, an AdoRA2-selective antagonist, indicate that the inhibitory effects of adenosine are mediated via cyclic AMP (cAMP)-elevating AdoRA2A, leading to protein kinase A (PKA) activation.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	69-76
17548651-8	2007	Because ectoapyrase (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) are rate limiting for extracellular adenosine generation, we examined their contribution to ALI.	Adenosine	95-104	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	31-51
17548651-8	2007	Because ectoapyrase (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) are rate limiting for extracellular adenosine generation, we examined their contribution to ALI.	Adenosine	95-104	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	53-57
17502665-0	2007	Adenosine generation catalyzed by CD39 and CD73 expressed on regulatory T cells mediates immune suppression.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	43-47
17502665-6	2007	We conclude that CD39 and CD73 are surface markers of T reg cells that impart a specific biochemical signature characterized by adenosine generation that has functional relevance for cellular immunoregulation.	Adenosine	128-137	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	26-30
17474152-0	2007	Adenosine closes the K+ channel KCa3.1 in human lung mast cells and inhibits their migration via the adenosine A2A receptor.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	101-123
17428802-1	2007	RNA editing that converts adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is mediated by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR).	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	93-127
17428802-1	2007	RNA editing that converts adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is mediated by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR).	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	129-133
17477546-3	2007	Ricin toxin A-chain (RTA) and pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) catalyze the release of adenine from a specific adenosine on a stem-tetraloop (GAGA) sequence at the elongation factor (eEF2) binding site of the 28S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes, thereby arresting translation.	Adenosine	111-120	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2	Homo sapiens	183-187
17469101-8	2007	CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that the antiinflammatory actions of MTX are mediated, at least in part, by increased release of adenine nucleotides that are hydrolyzed extracellularly to adenosine via an ecto-5"-NT-dependent pathway.	Adenosine	194-203	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	211-221
17164794-1	2007	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of AdoHcy to adenosine and homocysteine.	Adenosine	83-92	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	0-32
17164794-1	2007	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of AdoHcy to adenosine and homocysteine.	Adenosine	83-92	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	34-43
17267736-3	2007	Because ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) is rate limiting for extracellular adenosine generation, this study examined the contribution of CD73-dependent adenosine production to ischemic preconditioning (IP) of the kidneys.	Adenosine	148-157	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	133-137
17267736-5	2007	In fact, increases in renal adenosine concentration with IP are attenuated in cd73(-/-) mice.	Adenosine	28-37	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	78-82
17239259-10	2007	These results suggest that the K(+)-current responses to FSH and Ade may be produced by the opening of a novel type of K(ATP) channel comprising SUR2A and Kir6.1.	Adenosine	65-68	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 8 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	155-161
17097637-0	2007	Role of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase in adenosine-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells.	Adenosine	44-53	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	8-40
17079286-1	2007	The RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 is a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) binding protein that modifies cellular and viral RNA sequences by adenosine deamination.	Adenosine	128-137	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	23-28
17150438-8	2006	The results suggest that the CA1 region of the hippocampus plays an important role in spreading seizure spikes from the entorhinal cortex to other brain regions and activation of adenosine A1 receptors in this region participates in the anticonvulsant effects of adenosine agonists.	Adenosine	179-188	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
17139332-1	2006	The most prevalent type of RNA editing is mediated by ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) enzymes, which convert adenosines to inosines (a process known as A--&gt;I RNA editing) in double-stranded (ds)RNA substrates.	Adenosine	118-128	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	54-58
17139332-1	2006	The most prevalent type of RNA editing is mediated by ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) enzymes, which convert adenosines to inosines (a process known as A--&gt;I RNA editing) in double-stranded (ds)RNA substrates.	Adenosine	118-128	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	60-93
17135404-7	2006	Excitatory postsynaptic field potentials evoked in area CA1 of the rat hippocampus markedly decreased in response to adenosine (10 microM), the A1 receptor agonist CPA (40 nM), or a 5 min exposure to hypoxia.	Adenosine	117-126	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
17082635-1	2006	Adenosine is a potent endogenous regulator of airway inflammation that acts through specific receptor subtypes that can either cause constriction (A1R, A2BR, and A3R) or relaxation (A2AR) of the airways.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	182-186
16917093-9	2006	The effect of adenosine was mimicked by the adenosine A2a receptor agonist CGS21680 and was inhibited by both the A2a antagonist SCH5826 and A2a RNA silencing.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	44-66
16603157-6	2006	Furthermore, the treatment with adenosine, a mediator of several relevant biological phenomena, induced a decrease in the reactivity with anti-CD39 antibody, raised against mammalian E-NTPDase, probably because of down regulation in the L. amazonensis ecto-NTPDase expression.	Adenosine	32-41	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	143-147
16603157-6	2006	Furthermore, the treatment with adenosine, a mediator of several relevant biological phenomena, induced a decrease in the reactivity with anti-CD39 antibody, raised against mammalian E-NTPDase, probably because of down regulation in the L. amazonensis ecto-NTPDase expression.	Adenosine	32-41	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 8	Homo sapiens	183-192
16995746-5	2006	The objective of the present study was to elucidate the structural characteristics of the adenosine-binding site of four major kinase groups, AGC (PKA, PKG, and PKC families), CaMK (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases), CMGC (CDK, MAPK, GSK3, and CLK families), and TK (tyrosine kinases).	Adenosine	90-99	protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1	Homo sapiens	152-155
16916931-6	2006	The inhibition of antitumor T cells via their A2AR in the adenosine-rich tumor microenvironment may explain the paradoxical coexistence of tumors and antitumor immune cells in some cancer patients (the "Hellstrom paradox").	Adenosine	58-67	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	46-50
16709679-8	2006	Hence, AppCH2ppA-mediated effects involve PPADS-sensitive P2-like receptor activation leading to the production of NO that stimulates intracellular synthesis of adenosine, causing in turn postsynaptic A1 receptor activation and subsequent postsynaptic CA1 dendritic inhibition.	Adenosine	161-170	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	252-255
16790843-2	2006	The host editing enzyme ADAR1 recognizes specific RNA secondary structure features around the amber/W site in the HDV antigenome and deaminates the amber/W adenosine.	Adenosine	156-165	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	24-29
16581872-0	2006	Adenosine affects the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum via A2A receptors in ferret skinned cardiac fibres.	Adenosine	0-9	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mustela putorius furo	33-36
16581872-1	2006	In this study, it was shown that adenosine potentiates caffeine-induced Ca2+ release.	Adenosine	33-42	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mustela putorius furo	72-75
16581872-7	2006	Adenosine (1-100 nm) and the specific A2A receptor agonist CGS 21680 (1-50 nm) produced a concentration-dependant potentiation of the caffeine-induced Ca2+ release from saponin-skinned fibres.	Adenosine	0-9	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mustela putorius furo	151-154
16581872-9	2006	In addition, the potentiation of caffeine-induced Ca2+ release by adenosine (50 nm; 15.3 +/- 1.0%; n = 6) and by CGS 21680 (50 nm; 11.2 +/- 0.4%; n = 6) was reduced by the specific A2A receptor antagonist ZM 241385 (50 nm) to 8.0 +/- 1.4 (n = 4) and 5.4 +/- 1.2% (n = 4), respectively.	Adenosine	66-75	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mustela putorius furo	50-53
16828810-3	2006	A primary determinant of localized production of adenosine at tissue interfaces is ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	49-58	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	83-103
16828810-3	2006	A primary determinant of localized production of adenosine at tissue interfaces is ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	49-58	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	105-109
16828810-10	2006	Then, we infer that CD73 in brain microvessel endothelial cells plays a very important role through forming adenosine during brain ischemia and reperfusion.	Adenosine	108-117	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	20-24
16618704-1	2006	Members of the ADAR (adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA) enzyme family catalyze the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine within double-stranded RNAs, a poorly understood process that is critical to mammalian development.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	15-19
16752891-4	2006	Homodimeric DPP-IV interacts extracellularly with adenosine deaminase, and this interaction is critical for adenosine signaling and T-cell proliferation.	Adenosine	50-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-18
16603734-3	2006	We now report the genetic confirmation of this hypothesis through the construction of a conditional delta hgprt/delta xprt mutant strain that exhibits an absolute requirement for 2"-deoxycoformycin, an inhibitor of the leishmanial adenine aminohydrolase enzyme, and either adenine or adenosine as a source of purine.	Adenosine	284-293	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	106-111
16673448-5	2006	We analyzed several knockout and transgenic mouse lines and found that adenosine-induced killing of mouse thymocytes requires Bim, occurs independently of "death receptor" signaling and is inhibited by Bcl-2 and Nur77.	Adenosine	71-80	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Mus musculus	212-217
16673448-6	2006	Collectively our data demonstrate that adenosine-induced cell death involves signaling pathways originally found in negative selection of thymocytes and suggest a determining role of Bim and a regulatory role for Nur77.	Adenosine	39-48	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Mus musculus	213-218
16696848-3	2006	Here, we describe experiments using an enzyme-based adenosine sensor to show that adenosine potently (IC50 approximately 1 microm) inhibits excitatory synaptic transmission in area CA1 during oxygen/glucose deprivation ("ischaemia"), and that the prolonged post-ischaemic presence of extracellular adenosine sustains the depression of the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP).	Adenosine	52-61	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-184
16696848-3	2006	Here, we describe experiments using an enzyme-based adenosine sensor to show that adenosine potently (IC50 approximately 1 microm) inhibits excitatory synaptic transmission in area CA1 during oxygen/glucose deprivation ("ischaemia"), and that the prolonged post-ischaemic presence of extracellular adenosine sustains the depression of the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP).	Adenosine	82-91	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-184
16696848-3	2006	Here, we describe experiments using an enzyme-based adenosine sensor to show that adenosine potently (IC50 approximately 1 microm) inhibits excitatory synaptic transmission in area CA1 during oxygen/glucose deprivation ("ischaemia"), and that the prolonged post-ischaemic presence of extracellular adenosine sustains the depression of the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP).	Adenosine	82-91	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-184
16670768-9	2006	They also demonstrate that IL-4 has different effects on adenosine metabolism in Balb/c and C57BL/6 mice and that these differences contribute to the different responses that IL-4 induces in these inbred animals.	Adenosine	57-66	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	27-31
16670768-9	2006	They also demonstrate that IL-4 has different effects on adenosine metabolism in Balb/c and C57BL/6 mice and that these differences contribute to the different responses that IL-4 induces in these inbred animals.	Adenosine	57-66	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	175-179
16547283-0	2006	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73)-mediated adenosine production is tissue protective in a model of bleomycin-induced lung injury.	Adenosine	37-46	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-20
16547283-0	2006	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73)-mediated adenosine production is tissue protective in a model of bleomycin-induced lung injury.	Adenosine	37-46	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	22-26
16547283-4	2006	In addition, increased activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) was found in the lungs in conjunction with adenosine elevations.	Adenosine	106-115	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	35-55
16547283-4	2006	In addition, increased activity of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) was found in the lungs in conjunction with adenosine elevations.	Adenosine	106-115	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	57-61
16547283-6	2006	Results demonstrated that CD73(-/-) mice challenged with bleomycin no longer accumulated adenosine in their lungs, suggesting that the primary means of adenosine production following bleomycin injury resulted from the release and subsequent dephosphorylation of adenine nucleotides.	Adenosine	152-161	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	26-30
16547283-8	2006	Intranasal instillations of exogenous nucleotidase restored the ability of lungs of CD73(-/-) mice to accumulate adenosine following bleomycin challenge.	Adenosine	113-122	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	84-88
16547283-11	2006	Together, these findings suggest that CD73-dependent adenosine production contributes to anti-inflammatory pathways in bleomycin-induced lung injury.	Adenosine	53-62	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	38-42
16497986-9	2006	Moreover, adenosine effect was Ca2+ and CaMKK independent, although probably associated with upstream LKB1.	Adenosine	10-19	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase kinase 2	Homo sapiens	40-45
16497986-9	2006	Moreover, adenosine effect was Ca2+ and CaMKK independent, although probably associated with upstream LKB1.	Adenosine	10-19	serine/threonine kinase 11	Homo sapiens	102-106
16536456-6	2006	Co-incubation of the cells with adenosine and thymidine along with either conjugate A or MTX resulted in almost complete protection, suggesting that the conjugate achieves its effect on dihyrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzyme through the same mechanism as that of MTX.	Adenosine	32-41	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	186-208
16536456-6	2006	Co-incubation of the cells with adenosine and thymidine along with either conjugate A or MTX resulted in almost complete protection, suggesting that the conjugate achieves its effect on dihyrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzyme through the same mechanism as that of MTX.	Adenosine	32-41	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	210-214
16645791-3	2006	Analogs of one of these classes of inhibitors, the long side-chain variolins, cannot bind to the adenosyl pocket of the closed conformation of AsnRS due to steric clashes, though the short side-chain variolins identified by SLIDE apparently bind isosterically with adenosine.	Adenosine	265-274	Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase, putative	Brugia malayi	143-148
16475990-2	2006	Editing is thought to be catalysed by the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA1 (ADAR1) of which two different forms exist, interferon (IFN)-alpha-inducible ADAR1-L and constitutively expressed ADAR1-S. ADAR1-L is hypothesized to be a part of the innate cellular immune system, responsible for deaminating adenosines in viral dsRNAs.	Adenosine	303-313	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	42-76
16475990-2	2006	Editing is thought to be catalysed by the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA1 (ADAR1) of which two different forms exist, interferon (IFN)-alpha-inducible ADAR1-L and constitutively expressed ADAR1-S. ADAR1-L is hypothesized to be a part of the innate cellular immune system, responsible for deaminating adenosines in viral dsRNAs.	Adenosine	303-313	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	78-83
16475990-2	2006	Editing is thought to be catalysed by the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA1 (ADAR1) of which two different forms exist, interferon (IFN)-alpha-inducible ADAR1-L and constitutively expressed ADAR1-S. ADAR1-L is hypothesized to be a part of the innate cellular immune system, responsible for deaminating adenosines in viral dsRNAs.	Adenosine	303-313	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	154-159
16475990-2	2006	Editing is thought to be catalysed by the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA1 (ADAR1) of which two different forms exist, interferon (IFN)-alpha-inducible ADAR1-L and constitutively expressed ADAR1-S. ADAR1-L is hypothesized to be a part of the innate cellular immune system, responsible for deaminating adenosines in viral dsRNAs.	Adenosine	303-313	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	154-159
16475990-2	2006	Editing is thought to be catalysed by the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA1 (ADAR1) of which two different forms exist, interferon (IFN)-alpha-inducible ADAR1-L and constitutively expressed ADAR1-S. ADAR1-L is hypothesized to be a part of the innate cellular immune system, responsible for deaminating adenosines in viral dsRNAs.	Adenosine	303-313	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	154-159
16495236-1	2006	The p14 subunit of the essential splicing factor 3b (SF3b) can be cross-linked to the branch-point adenosine of pre-mRNA introns within the spliceosome.	Adenosine	99-108	splicing factor 3b subunit 6	Homo sapiens	4-7
16412392-0	2006	Adenosine treatment delays postischemic hippocampal CA1 loss after cardiac arrest and resuscitation in rats.	Adenosine	0-9	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
16412392-4	2006	Compared to the untreated group, treatment with adenosine (7.2 mg/kg) initiated immediately after resuscitation increased the proportion of rats surviving to 4 days and significantly delayed hippocampal CA1 neuronal loss.	Adenosine	48-57	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	203-206
16418778-7	2006	MATERIALS AND METHODS: Extracellular adenosine levels were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography in HCC1 and bone marrow stromal (BMS) cells.	Adenosine	37-46	C-C motif chemokine ligand 14	Homo sapiens	113-117
17192679-8	2006	Thus, the likely sites for mediating the action of adenosine are those core components of the neurotransmitter release process, the three SNARES (SNAP-25, syntaxin, and synaptobrevin), and synaptotagmin.	Adenosine	51-60	synaptosome associated protein 25	Homo sapiens	146-153
16413516-4	2005	Adenosine pretreatment resulted in a reduction in IL-8 expression and secretion in response to TNF-alpha, IL-1, LPS, and PMA.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	106-110
15907156-3	2005	We have established a Drosophila model to study the effects of altered adenosine levels in vivo by genetic elimination of adenosine deaminase-related growth factor-A (ADGF-A), which has ADA activity and is expressed in the gut and hematopoietic organ.	Adenosine	71-80	Adenosine deaminase-related growth factor A	Drosophila melanogaster	122-165
15907156-3	2005	We have established a Drosophila model to study the effects of altered adenosine levels in vivo by genetic elimination of adenosine deaminase-related growth factor-A (ADGF-A), which has ADA activity and is expressed in the gut and hematopoietic organ.	Adenosine	71-80	Adenosine deaminase-related growth factor A	Drosophila melanogaster	167-173
15907156-5	2005	The elevated level of adenosine in the hemolymph due to lack of ADGF-A leads to apparently inconsistent phenotypic effects: precocious metamorphic changes including differentiation of macrophage-like cells and fat body disintegration on one hand, and delay of development with block of pupariation on the other.	Adenosine	22-31	Adenosine deaminase-related growth factor A	Drosophila melanogaster	64-70
15901501-2	2005	Rather, recent work has suggested that nuclear dsRNA is a target for the ADAR class of enzymes, which deaminate adenosines to inosines.	Adenosine	112-122	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	73-77
18404503-5	2005	Adenosine containing dinucleotides exhibit some level of activity on P2Y(1) while uridine containing dinucleotides have some level of agonist response on P2Y(2) and P2Y(6).	Adenosine	0-9	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	165-171
15882662-1	2005	BACKGROUND: C34T variant of adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 (AMPD1) gene has been associated with a prolonged survival in heart failure and coronary artery disease, hypothetically linked to an enhanced production of adenosine.	Adenosine	28-37	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	65-70
15882662-2	2005	DESIGN: Since adenosine administration is a promising approach for the prevention of the ischemia-reperfusion in myocardial revascularization, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the AMPD1 (-) allele is associated with a favorable prognosis after coronary revascularization.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	196-201
15882662-3	2005	In addition, we assessed the association between AMPD1 polymorphism and plasma adenosine levels.	Adenosine	79-88	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	49-54
15882662-12	2005	Alternative cardioprotective pathways of the AMPD1 gene-involving an enhanced chronic long-term production of adenosine-might be responsible for survival.	Adenosine	110-119	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	45-50
15741329-7	2005	Molecular modeling of ATP binding to cyt c and mutagenesis experiments show the interactions of phosphate groups with Lys88 and Arg91, with adenosine ring interaction with Glu62 explaining the unfavorable binding of GTP.	Adenosine	140-149	cytochrome c, somatic	Equus caballus	37-42
15652960-0	2005	Adenosine attenuates C-terminal but not N-terminal proteolysis of cTnI during cardioplegic arrest.	Adenosine	0-9	troponin I3, cardiac type	Rattus norvegicus	66-70
15652960-3	2005	We investigated the effect of adenosine on N-terminal and C-terminal proteolysis of TnI in the heart.	Adenosine	30-39	troponin I3, cardiac type	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
15652960-10	2005	The supplementation of cardioplegic solution with adenosine significantly attenuated the late C-terminal proteolytic degradation of TnI and its apparent dissociation from myofibrils proteins but had no effect on the early N-terminal proteolysis associated with cardioplegic arrest.	Adenosine	50-59	troponin I3, cardiac type	Rattus norvegicus	132-135
16021918-1	2005	Possession of the nonsense mutation in AMPD 1 C34T gene has been linked to improved survival in patients with heart failure, possibly by promoting the formation of adenosine.	Adenosine	164-173	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	39-45
15319286-4	2004	Intravascular nucleotides released by inflammatory cells undergo phosphohydrolysis via hypoxia-induced CD39 ectoapyrase (CD39 converts adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate [ATP/ADP] to adenosine monophosphate [AMP]) and CD73 ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73 converts AMP to adenosine).	Adenosine	135-144	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	103-107
15319286-4	2004	Intravascular nucleotides released by inflammatory cells undergo phosphohydrolysis via hypoxia-induced CD39 ectoapyrase (CD39 converts adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate [ATP/ADP] to adenosine monophosphate [AMP]) and CD73 ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73 converts AMP to adenosine).	Adenosine	135-144	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	121-125
15319286-5	2004	Extensions of our in vitro findings using cd39- and cd73-null animals revealed that extracellular adenosine produced through adenine nucleotide metabolism during hypoxia is a potent anti-inflammatory signal for PMNs in vivo.	Adenosine	98-107	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	42-46
15319286-6	2004	These findings identify CD39 and CD73 as critical control points for endogenous adenosine generation and implicate this pathway as an innate mechanism to attenuate excessive tissue PMN accumulation.	Adenosine	80-89	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
15583013-2	2004	The generation of extracellular adenosine involves phosphohydrolysis of adenine nucleotide intermediates, and is regulated by the terminal enzymatic step catalyzed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	32-41	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	167-187
15583013-2	2004	The generation of extracellular adenosine involves phosphohydrolysis of adenine nucleotide intermediates, and is regulated by the terminal enzymatic step catalyzed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	32-41	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	189-193
15286003-7	2004	Incubation with adenosine and homocysteine also enhanced in vitro interactions between RhoA and RhoGDI, as well as subcellular translocation of p190RhoGAP to the cytosol.	Adenosine	16-25	Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	96-102
15579163-8	2004	Presynaptic depression of evoked EPSCs by hypoxia or adenosine was significantly larger in alpha-Syn knockout than in wild-type mice, further supporting the hypothesis of regulation of synaptic transmission by alpha-Syn.	Adenosine	53-62	synuclein, alpha	Mus musculus	91-100
15570708-1	2004	Na-montmorillonite prepared from Volclay by the titration method facilitates the self-condensation of ImpA, the 5"-phosphorimidazolide derivative of adenosine.	Adenosine	149-158	inositol monophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	102-106
15530657-1	2004	Pre-mRNA adenosine deaminase (ADAR) is involved in many physiological processes by either directly converting adenosine to inosine in certain pre-mRNAs or indirectly regulating expression of certain genes.	Adenosine	9-18	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA	Drosophila melanogaster	30-34
15265768-5	2004	This suggests that the stimulatory effect of adenosine analogs is mediated by a PKA-dependent pathway.	Adenosine	45-54	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
15265768-10	2004	We conclude that stimulation of adenosine receptor increases the apical 70-pS K channel activity via a PKA-dependent pathway and that the effect of adenosine on the apical 70-pS K channel is suppressed by low-K intake.	Adenosine	32-41	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
15355102-1	2004	Deamination at C6 of adenosine in RNA catalyzed by the ADAR enzymes generates inosine at the corresponding position.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	55-59
15240680-0	2004	Adenosine acts through A2 receptors to inhibit IL-2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5 in T lymphocytes: role of cyclic adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate and phosphatases.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	47-51
15240680-0	2004	Adenosine acts through A2 receptors to inhibit IL-2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5 in T lymphocytes: role of cyclic adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate and phosphatases.	Adenosine	0-9	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Mus musculus	88-93
15240680-3	2004	In this study, we show that adenosine suppressed IL-2-dependent proliferation of CTLL-2 T cells by inhibiting STAT5a/b tyrosine phosphorylation that is associated with IL-2R signaling without affecting IL-2-induced phosphorylation of Jak1 or Jak3.	Adenosine	28-37	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	49-53
15240680-3	2004	In this study, we show that adenosine suppressed IL-2-dependent proliferation of CTLL-2 T cells by inhibiting STAT5a/b tyrosine phosphorylation that is associated with IL-2R signaling without affecting IL-2-induced phosphorylation of Jak1 or Jak3.	Adenosine	28-37	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Mus musculus	110-116
15240680-3	2004	In this study, we show that adenosine suppressed IL-2-dependent proliferation of CTLL-2 T cells by inhibiting STAT5a/b tyrosine phosphorylation that is associated with IL-2R signaling without affecting IL-2-induced phosphorylation of Jak1 or Jak3.	Adenosine	28-37	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	168-172
15149841-0	2004	Wnt and beta-catenin signaling target the expression of ecto-5"-nucleotidase and increase extracellular adenosine generation.	Adenosine	104-113	Wnt family member 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
15149841-0	2004	Wnt and beta-catenin signaling target the expression of ecto-5"-nucleotidase and increase extracellular adenosine generation.	Adenosine	104-113	catenin beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-20
15165742-4	2004	cAMP can compete with adenosine and can counteract the adenosine-induced inhibition of AdoHcyase.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	87-96
15165742-4	2004	cAMP can compete with adenosine and can counteract the adenosine-induced inhibition of AdoHcyase.	Adenosine	55-64	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	87-96
15135700-2	2004	The increased conversion of adenosine monophosphate to adenosine, which in turn attenuates the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression, has been suggested as a putative mechanism for prolonged survival in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) carrying the mutant AMPD1 allele.	Adenosine	28-37	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	295-300
15001573-0	2004	Identification and characterization of a cell-surface receptor, P2Y15, for AMP and adenosine.	Adenosine	83-92	oxoglutarate receptor 1	Homo sapiens	64-69
15001573-6	2004	Until now, the effects of AMP have been thought to depend on its dephosphorylation to adenosine but we demonstrate here that P2Y15 is a bona fide AMP receptor by showing that it binds [(32)P]AMP.	Adenosine	86-95	oxoglutarate receptor 1	Homo sapiens	125-130
15147301-10	2004	Thus, our data suggest that zaprinast-evoked adenosine accumulation is likely to be mediated by stimulation of glutamate release by a cAMP- and PKA-dependent mechanism, most likely by inhibition of PDE1 in neurons.	Adenosine	45-54	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	144-147
14982931-2	2004	To explore the biochemical and structural bases for the adenosine phosphoramidate hydrolase activity of rabbit Hint, we synthesized novel substrates linking a p-nitroaniline group to adenylate (AMP-pNA) and inhibitors that consist of an adenosine group and 5"-sulfamoyl (AdoOSO(2)NH(2)) or N-ethylsulfamoyl (AdoOSO(2)NHCH(2)CH(3)) group.	Adenosine	56-65	adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidase HINT1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	111-115
15093687-1	2004	Members of the ADAR (adenosine deaminases acting on RNA) gene family are involved in one type of RNA editing that converts adenosine residues to inosine.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	15-19
15009683-0	2004	AICA riboside both activates AMP-activated protein kinase and competes with adenosine for the nucleoside transporter in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus.	Adenosine	76-85	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	124-127
14613934-1	2004	One type of RNA editing involves the conversion of adenosine residues into inosine in double-stranded RNA through the action of adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR).	Adenosine	51-60	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	128-162
14613934-1	2004	One type of RNA editing involves the conversion of adenosine residues into inosine in double-stranded RNA through the action of adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR).	Adenosine	51-60	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	164-168
12855406-9	2004	Thus, Ado increases the release of interleukin-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 from bronchial smooth muscle cells via activation of the A2B AdoR.	Adenosine	6-9	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	53-83
14751870-12	2004	H89 (protein kinase A, PKA inhibitor) abolished completely CGS 21680 and partially adenosine and Cl-IB-MECA responses, without any effect on CPA response.	Adenosine	83-92	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	5-21
14630704-2	2004	Using CD26-transfected cells, we demonstrate that cell surface ADA (ecto-ADA) can regulate adenosine receptor engagement by degrading extracellular adenosine (Ado) to inosine.	Adenosine	91-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-10
14630704-2	2004	Using CD26-transfected cells, we demonstrate that cell surface ADA (ecto-ADA) can regulate adenosine receptor engagement by degrading extracellular adenosine (Ado) to inosine.	Adenosine	159-162	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-10
14525968-11	2004	We conclude that adenosine binding to A(2A)AR counteracts stimulation of neutrophil CD49d integrin expression and neutrophil binding to VCAM-1 via a cAMP/PKA-mediated pathway.	Adenosine	17-26	integrin subunit alpha 4	Homo sapiens	84-89
12874832-0	2003	Adenosine inhibits activation-induced T cell expression of CD2 and CD28 co-stimulatory molecules: role of interleukin-2 and cyclic AMP signaling pathways.	Adenosine	0-9	CD28 antigen	Mus musculus	67-71
12874832-0	2003	Adenosine inhibits activation-induced T cell expression of CD2 and CD28 co-stimulatory molecules: role of interleukin-2 and cyclic AMP signaling pathways.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	106-119
12874832-3	2003	In addition, adenosine interfered with activation-induced expression of the co-stimulatory molecules CD2 and CD28.	Adenosine	13-22	CD28 antigen	Mus musculus	109-113
12874832-5	2003	Collectively, these data suggest that CD2 and CD28 up-regulation following T cell activation is IL-2-dependent; and that adenosine inhibits activation-induced T cell expression of CD2 and CD28 by interfering with IL-2-dependent signaling.	Adenosine	121-130	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	96-100
12874832-5	2003	Collectively, these data suggest that CD2 and CD28 up-regulation following T cell activation is IL-2-dependent; and that adenosine inhibits activation-induced T cell expression of CD2 and CD28 by interfering with IL-2-dependent signaling.	Adenosine	121-130	CD28 antigen	Mus musculus	188-192
12874832-5	2003	Collectively, these data suggest that CD2 and CD28 up-regulation following T cell activation is IL-2-dependent; and that adenosine inhibits activation-induced T cell expression of CD2 and CD28 by interfering with IL-2-dependent signaling.	Adenosine	121-130	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	213-217
12874832-6	2003	The inhibitory effect of adenosine on activation-induced CD2 and CD28 expression could not be attributed to cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation resulting from the stimulation of adenylyl cyclase-coupled adenosine receptors, even though cAMP at concentrations much higher than those generated following adenosine stimulation was inhibitory for both CD2 and CD28 expression.	Adenosine	25-34	CD28 antigen	Mus musculus	65-69
12874832-6	2003	The inhibitory effect of adenosine on activation-induced CD2 and CD28 expression could not be attributed to cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation resulting from the stimulation of adenylyl cyclase-coupled adenosine receptors, even though cAMP at concentrations much higher than those generated following adenosine stimulation was inhibitory for both CD2 and CD28 expression.	Adenosine	25-34	CD28 antigen	Mus musculus	351-355
12874832-7	2003	We conclude that adenosine interferes with IL-2-dependent T cell expression of co-stimulatory molecules via a mechanism that does not involve the accumulation of intracellular cAMP.	Adenosine	17-26	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	43-47
12843280-6	2003	Adenosine inhibits signaling between CA3 and CA1 neurons, but it is unclear from pharmacologic studies whether this response is caused by presynaptic or postsynaptic effects.	Adenosine	0-9	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	45-48
12805399-9	2003	Serum leptin concentration was inversely associated with adenosine-stimulated flow in study subjects (r = -0.50, p &lt; 0.05).	Adenosine	57-66	leptin	Homo sapiens	6-12
12805399-12	2003	Moreover, the adenosine-stimulated myocardial flow is inversely related to prevailing concentration of serum leptin.	Adenosine	14-23	leptin	Homo sapiens	109-115
12665561-1	2003	ADAR1 and ADAR2 are editing enzymes that deaminate adenosine to inosine in long double stranded RNA duplexes and specific pre-mRNA transcripts.	Adenosine	51-60	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-5
12772776-3	2003	We report here that adenosine pretreatment of fMLF-stimulated neutrophils results in decreased plasma membrane/secretory granule content of the flavocytochrome b components (p22phox and gp91phox) of the NADPH oxidase, which correlates with inhibition of ROS production.	Adenosine	20-29	cytochrome b-245 alpha chain	Homo sapiens	174-181
12744602-4	2003	The product was converted to adenosine, indicating that the stereochemistry at C-2" is retained.	Adenosine	29-38	complement C2	Homo sapiens	79-82
12554862-3	2003	The first class affects the stability of two higher-order complexes and comprises changes in two adenosines, A65 and A70, in the loop region previously identified as the binding site for the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP)-specific U1A protein.	Adenosine	97-107	LSM2 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA and mRNA degradation associated	Homo sapiens	227-232
12568723-1	2003	The ADAR1 gene encodes an RNA-specific adenosine deaminase that alters the functional activity of both viral and cellular RNAs by posttranscriptional adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing.	Adenosine	39-48	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	4-9
12429726-3	2002	The A2A receptor (A2AR) has been linked to anti-inflammatory effects of adenosine.	Adenosine	72-81	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	4-16
12429726-3	2002	The A2A receptor (A2AR) has been linked to anti-inflammatory effects of adenosine.	Adenosine	72-81	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	18-22
12429726-5	2002	We hypothesized that endogenous adenosine inhibited LPS-mediated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production via A2AR stimulation.	Adenosine	32-41	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	108-112
12374781-7	2002	Genistein (10 microM) and PD98059 (10 microM), an inhibitor of MAPK kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2), inhibited adenosine-stimulated l-arginine transport, NO production, and phosphorylation of p42/p44MAPK.	Adenosine	99-108	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	80-86
12152652-0	2002	Adenosine inhibits tissue factor expression by LPS-stimulated human monocytes: involvement of the A3 adenosine receptor.	Adenosine	0-9	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	19-32
12152652-3	2002	This study was conducted to determine whether adenosine (ADO) could modulate the expression of TF by human monocytes.	Adenosine	46-55	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	95-97
12152652-3	2002	This study was conducted to determine whether adenosine (ADO) could modulate the expression of TF by human monocytes.	Adenosine	57-60	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	95-97
12152652-5	2002	The mechanism was at least pre-translational since ADO caused a change in the TF mRNA level.	Adenosine	51-54	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	78-80
11992407-7	2002	Interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma synthesis by AK-T cells was also inhibited by adenosine.	Adenosine	81-90	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	0-13
11980669-7	2002	Treatment with adenosine or nucleoside analogues may thus enhance the response to radiation or chemotherapy of tumors that express the PCPH oncogene.	Adenosine	15-24	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5 (inactive)	Homo sapiens	135-139
11968056-10	2002	Adenosine + EHNA, not guanosine + EHNA, significantly increased the intracellular concentration of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) and greatly reduced the ratio of S-adenosyl-L-methioine to SAH, which is associated with apoptosis.	Adenosine	0-9	acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 3	Rattus norvegicus	126-129
11968056-10	2002	Adenosine + EHNA, not guanosine + EHNA, significantly increased the intracellular concentration of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) and greatly reduced the ratio of S-adenosyl-L-methioine to SAH, which is associated with apoptosis.	Adenosine	0-9	acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 3	Rattus norvegicus	190-193
11968056-11	2002	These data demonstrate that adenosine mediates apoptosis of astrocytes both, via activation of A(3) adenosine receptors and by modulating SAH hydrolase activity.	Adenosine	28-37	acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 3	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
11959804-2	2002	We reported previously that bisphosphate derivatives of adenosine are antagonists of the P2Y(1) receptor and that modification of the ribose in these analogues is tolerated in the P2Y(1) receptor binding pharmacophore.	Adenosine	56-65	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Homo sapiens	89-104
11856654-4	2002	This observation was consistent with the histology of bone reported in Atp6i-knockout mice, which lack the gene encoding the a3 subunit of vacuolar-type H(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase).	Adenosine	158-167	T cell, immune regulator 1, ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 protein A3	Mus musculus	71-76
12448564-2	2002	In this article, we 1) outline adenosine"s metabolic pathways, 2) address cardioprotective properties of adenosine, and 3) discuss possible implications of the two recently published clinical studies disclosing a positive effect of adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 (AMPD1) gene mutation on cardiovascular survival in heart failure and ischemic heart disease.	Adenosine	31-40	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	232-267
11570579-6	2001	CONCLUSION: Thus, it is believed that adenosine-induced apoptosis is mediated by the activation of the caspase cascade by cytochrome c release with concomitant increase of Bax in the mitochondria, which implies that the translocation of Bax might be a leading event in the adenosine-induced apoptosis.	Adenosine	38-47	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	103-110
11570579-6	2001	CONCLUSION: Thus, it is believed that adenosine-induced apoptosis is mediated by the activation of the caspase cascade by cytochrome c release with concomitant increase of Bax in the mitochondria, which implies that the translocation of Bax might be a leading event in the adenosine-induced apoptosis.	Adenosine	273-282	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	103-110
11570579-7	2001	Moreover, we found that most of the apoptotic parameters in adenosine-induced cellular changes, such as translocation of Bax, the release of cytochrome c, and the consequent activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, were attenuated by thymidine supplement, thus indicating that the sensing of a nucleoside or nucleotide balance might be an upstream event of cytochrome c release.	Adenosine	60-69	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	188-197
11507200-2	2001	One or several members of the ADAR (adenosine deaminases that act on RNA) family are thought to convert the adenosine to an inosine (I) within the HDAg-S amber codon in antigenomic RNA.	Adenosine	36-45	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	30-34
11500380-1	2001	Previous UV cross-linking studies demonstrated that, upon integration of the U2 snRNP into the spliceosome, a 14 kDa protein (p14) interacts directly with the branch adenosine, the nucleophile for the first transesterification step of splicing.	Adenosine	166-175	LSM2 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA and mRNA degradation associated	Homo sapiens	80-85
11500380-1	2001	Previous UV cross-linking studies demonstrated that, upon integration of the U2 snRNP into the spliceosome, a 14 kDa protein (p14) interacts directly with the branch adenosine, the nucleophile for the first transesterification step of splicing.	Adenosine	166-175	splicing factor 3b subunit 6	Homo sapiens	126-129
11500380-4	2001	Antibodies raised against this cDNA-encoded protein precipitated the 14 kDa protein cross-linked to the branch adenosine, confirming the identity of the p14 cDNA.	Adenosine	111-120	splicing factor 3b subunit 6	Homo sapiens	153-156
11445284-3	2001	S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), which is synthesized from adenosine triphosphate and methionine (MET), serves as methyl donor for this O-metabolisation of levodopa with resulting conversion of SAM to total homocysteine (tHcy) via S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH).	Adenosine	54-63	SAFB like transcription modulator	Homo sapiens	93-96
12600086-12	2001	CONCLUSION: These results indicated that the expression of A2bAR mRNAs in PBMCs was more remarkable in asthmatics than in healthy subjects; that adenosine or IL-1 potentiated the mRNA expression of A2bAR in PBMCs in asthmatic patients, which was correlated with allergy state and the degree of airway obstruction; and that theophylline might antagonize adenosine by inhibiting A2bAR mRNA.	Adenosine	353-362	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	158-162
11284680-10	2001	Consistent with previous studies of the binary complex formed from another type II DHFR, the ribonicotinamide bond of NADP(+) was found to adopt a syn conformation, while the adenosine moiety adopts an anti conformation.	Adenosine	175-184	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	83-87
11950149-3	2001	It is proposed that adenosine and NO are similarly responsible for causing the tonic vasodilation that gradually wanes in the first 7 days of chronic hypoxia and that concomitantly, adenosine and hypoxia stimulate VEGF expression, so increasing venular permeability and triggering angiogenesis.	Adenosine	20-29	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	214-218
11950149-3	2001	It is proposed that adenosine and NO are similarly responsible for causing the tonic vasodilation that gradually wanes in the first 7 days of chronic hypoxia and that concomitantly, adenosine and hypoxia stimulate VEGF expression, so increasing venular permeability and triggering angiogenesis.	Adenosine	182-191	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	214-218
11264476-3	2001	Nucleotides are rapidly converted to adenosine by a family of ecto-nucleotidases including CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	37-46	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	91-95
11504563-0	2001	Asymmetric interactions in the adenosine-binding pockets of the MS2 coat protein dimer.	Adenosine	31-40	MS2	Homo sapiens	64-67
11133223-0	2001	Adenosine attenuates reperfusion-induced apoptotic cell death by modulating expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins.	Adenosine	0-9	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Canis lupus familiaris	90-95
11133223-1	2001	This study tests the hypothesis that infarct reduction with adenosine (Ado) is associated with inhibition of apoptotic cell death by modulating expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and pro-apoptotic Bax proteins and reducing neutrophil accumulation.	Adenosine	60-69	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Canis lupus familiaris	173-178
11133223-1	2001	This study tests the hypothesis that infarct reduction with adenosine (Ado) is associated with inhibition of apoptotic cell death by modulating expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and pro-apoptotic Bax proteins and reducing neutrophil accumulation.	Adenosine	71-74	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Canis lupus familiaris	173-178
11118505-12	2000	Our findings provide evidence that D-glucose inhibits adenosine transport in human fetal endothelial cells by a mechanism that involves activation of PKC, leading to increased NO levels and p42-p44mapk phosphorylation.	Adenosine	54-63	cyclin dependent kinase 20	Homo sapiens	190-193
11139445-2	2000	Furthermore, the adenosine formation was found to be mediated by an ecto-enzyme distinct from the ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	17-26	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	120-124
11102987-5	2000	Within exon 11 of PMS2 is a coding repeat of eight adenosines.	Adenosine	51-61	PMS1 homolog 2, mismatch repair system component	Homo sapiens	18-22
10978314-7	2000	AA (30 microm) increased by 36-42% the tonic inhibition by endogenous extracellular adenosine of adenosine A(1) receptors in the modulation of acetylcholine release and of CA1 hippocampal synaptic transmission in hippocampal slices.	Adenosine	84-93	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	172-175
10933785-6	2000	A computed structural model of HH-BDH predicts the two active center sulfhydryls to be C69 (near the adenosine moiety of NAD) and C242.	Adenosine	101-110	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	34-37
10908296-6	2000	In contrast, the three extra adenosines located immediately after the sixth position of the polyadenylation signal in the 3" untranslated region of NAT1*16 ostensibly caused disruption of the predicted secondary structure of the pre-mRNA for NAT1 16, culminating in parallel 2-fold decreases in the amount and catalytic activity of NAT1 16 in COS-1 cell cytosol.	Adenosine	29-39	N-acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	148-152
10908296-6	2000	In contrast, the three extra adenosines located immediately after the sixth position of the polyadenylation signal in the 3" untranslated region of NAT1*16 ostensibly caused disruption of the predicted secondary structure of the pre-mRNA for NAT1 16, culminating in parallel 2-fold decreases in the amount and catalytic activity of NAT1 16 in COS-1 cell cytosol.	Adenosine	29-39	N-acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	242-246
10908296-6	2000	In contrast, the three extra adenosines located immediately after the sixth position of the polyadenylation signal in the 3" untranslated region of NAT1*16 ostensibly caused disruption of the predicted secondary structure of the pre-mRNA for NAT1 16, culminating in parallel 2-fold decreases in the amount and catalytic activity of NAT1 16 in COS-1 cell cytosol.	Adenosine	29-39	N-acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	242-246
10845921-3	2000	These effects of adenosine include direct induction of apoptosis in about 6% to 15% thymocytes and inhibition of T-cell receptor (TCR)-induced activation of the majority of thymocytes with inhibited ADA.	Adenosine	17-26	T cell receptor alpha variable 6-3	Mus musculus	113-128
10845921-3	2000	These effects of adenosine include direct induction of apoptosis in about 6% to 15% thymocytes and inhibition of T-cell receptor (TCR)-induced activation of the majority of thymocytes with inhibited ADA.	Adenosine	17-26	T cell receptor alpha variable 6-3	Mus musculus	130-133
10833413-0	2000	Adenosine-derived non-phosphate antagonists for P2Y(1) purinoceptors.	Adenosine	0-9	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Homo sapiens	48-54
10833413-1	2000	Novel type antagonists for P2Y(1) adenine nucleotide receptors were synthesized by coupling of adenosine 5"-OH group with oligo-aspartate chain via a carbonyl linker.	Adenosine	95-104	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Homo sapiens	27-33
10921779-3	2000	In the present study, we analyzed the interaction of a Drosophila Sex-lethal (Sx1) protein fragment, consisting of two RBDs (RBD1-RBD2), with two distinct target RNAs derived from the tra and Sxl mRNA precursors with guanosine and adenosine, respectively, in a position near the 5"-terminus of a uridine stretch.	Adenosine	231-240	Sex lethal	Drosophila melanogaster	66-76
10921779-3	2000	In the present study, we analyzed the interaction of a Drosophila Sex-lethal (Sx1) protein fragment, consisting of two RBDs (RBD1-RBD2), with two distinct target RNAs derived from the tra and Sxl mRNA precursors with guanosine and adenosine, respectively, in a position near the 5"-terminus of a uridine stretch.	Adenosine	231-240	Sex lethal	Drosophila melanogaster	78-81
10869376-11	2000	Thus, depending on the cell type, adenosine may have an inhibitory effect on VEGF production, which may have implications in blood vessel development.	Adenosine	34-43	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	77-81
10836790-1	2000	The ADAR family of RNA-editing enzymes deaminates adenosines within RNA that is completely or largely double stranded.	Adenosine	50-60	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	4-8
10737751-0	2000	Doubly homologated dihalovinyl and acetylene analogues of adenosine: synthesis, interaction with S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, and antiviral and cytostatic effects.	Adenosine	58-67	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	97-132
10471734-1	1999	Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mRNA levels are controlled post-transcriptionally by the 3"-untranslated region (UTR) adenosine-uridine-rich element (ARE).	Adenosine	144-153	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	0-48
10471734-1	1999	Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mRNA levels are controlled post-transcriptionally by the 3"-untranslated region (UTR) adenosine-uridine-rich element (ARE).	Adenosine	144-153	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	50-56
10430867-2	1999	We report here the identification and characterization of a human ADAR protein, hADAT1, that specifically deaminates adenosine 37 to inosine in eukaryotic tRNA(Ala).	Adenosine	117-126	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	66-70
10438602-6	1999	Since ADAR1 deaminates short RNAs at fewer adenosines than long RNAs, loops decrease the number of deaminations within an RNA by dividing a long RNA into shorter substrates.	Adenosine	43-53	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	6-11
10494016-0	1999	Involvement of K(+) channels in the inhibitory effects of adenosine on anoxia-induced [Ca(2+) ](i) increase in cultured rat hippocampal CA1 neurons.	Adenosine	58-67	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-139
10485288-1	1999	The Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene RIT1 encodes a phospho-ribosyl transferase that exclusively modifies the initiator tRNA (tRNAMet(i)) by the addition of a 2"-O-ribosyl phosphate group to Adenosine 64.	Adenosine	188-197	tRNA A64-2'-O-ribosylphosphate transferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	34-38
9820206-8	1998	Finally, anti-TCP-11 Fab fragments (1/25 dilution) significantly stimulated cAMP production, whereas low Fab (1/200; nonstimulatory when used alone) plus adenosine (10 microM) significantly enhanced the stimulation of capacitation by adenosine.	Adenosine	234-243	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	105-108
9792534-7	1998	These results show that adenosine potentiates insulin- and contraction-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle by enhancing the increase in GLUT4 at the cell surface and raise the possibility that decreased adenosine production or action could play a causative role in insulin resistance.	Adenosine	24-33	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	148-153
9819250-12	1998	In conclusion, these G-protein-dependent hyperpolarizing changes produced in CA1 neurons by hypoxia are probably initiated by Ca2+ release from internal stores stimulated by enhanced glycolysis and a variable synergistic action of adenosine.	Adenosine	231-240	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
10098210-11	1998	Adenosine augmented renal vasoconstriction by NE and Ang II via the adenosine A1 receptor, and the A1 receptor antagonist significantly reduced NE- or Ang II-induced renal vasoconstriction.	Adenosine	0-9	angiogenin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	53-56
9763626-14	1998	We conclude therefore that the reduced effect of adenosine on ICa and [Ca2+]i in PC12 cells exposed to chronic hypoxia is due to hypoxia-induced downregulation of PKA.	Adenosine	49-58	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	163-166
9786508-6	1998	In homogenates prepared from cells overexpressing GRK2, the acute stimulation of adenylyl cyclase by activation of A2A and A2B adenosine receptors was markedly reduced, but could be reversed by pretreating the cells with AD (adenosine deaminase), to remove extracellular adenosine from the medium.	Adenosine	127-136	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Mus musculus	50-54
9786512-3	1998	Here we evaluated the effect of adenosine and various ligands of the adenosine receptor subtypes (A1, A2, A3) on the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) 1alpha production in immunostimulated RAW macrophages in vitro.	Adenosine	32-41	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3	Mus musculus	127-171
9707437-1	1998	We have identified an RNA-specific adenosine deaminase (termed Tad1p/scADAT1) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that selectively converts adenosine at position 37 of eukaryotic tRNAAla to inosine.	Adenosine	35-44	tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	63-68
9722021-1	1998	The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory activity of adenosine on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), thrombin-, or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced tissue factor (TF) expression on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).	Adenosine	65-74	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	173-186
9667600-1	1998	Recently, the mutation causing early-onset generalized torsion dystonia has been identified as a GAG deletion in the gene for an adenosine triphosphate-binding protein named torsinA.	Adenosine	129-138	torsin family 1 member A	Homo sapiens	174-181
9550406-6	1997	However, the mutated CD26 transfectants were much more sensitive to the inhibitory effect of adenosine on IL-2 production than were the wild CD26 transfectants.	Adenosine	93-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-25
9371425-5	1997	The adenosine effect was mimicked by N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA), an agonist for A1 adenosine receptor.	Adenosine	4-13	transcription factor like 5	Homo sapiens	37-65
9281613-12	1997	Taken together, the results suggest that the adenosine and alpha-phosphate moieties of ATP bind to critical residues in TM3 and TM7 on the exofacial side of the human P2Y1 receptor.	Adenosine	45-54	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Homo sapiens	167-180
9263988-1	1997	This in vivo study investigated whether adenosine (ADO) plays a role in oxygen-dependent production of erythropoietin (EPO).	Adenosine	40-49	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	103-117
9263988-1	1997	This in vivo study investigated whether adenosine (ADO) plays a role in oxygen-dependent production of erythropoietin (EPO).	Adenosine	40-49	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
9263988-1	1997	This in vivo study investigated whether adenosine (ADO) plays a role in oxygen-dependent production of erythropoietin (EPO).	Adenosine	51-54	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	103-117
9263988-1	1997	This in vivo study investigated whether adenosine (ADO) plays a role in oxygen-dependent production of erythropoietin (EPO).	Adenosine	51-54	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
9187265-7	1997	After a 20-min treatment with an adenosine agonist, the desensitization of A2a and A2b receptor-stimulated adenylyl cyclase in dominant negative mutant GRK2 cells was less than half that seen in plasmid transfected control cells.	Adenosine	33-42	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Mus musculus	152-156
9147402-1	1997	We describe how endogenous adenosine can prevent the induction of homosynaptic long-term depression (LTD) in the CA1 region of slices of adult rat hippocampus.	Adenosine	27-36	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
9071968-0	1997	Regulation of lipolysis by somatotropin: functional alteration of adrenergic and adenosine signaling in bovine adipose tissue.	Adenosine	81-90	somatotropin	Bos taurus	27-39
9020165-1	1997	The double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR) is an interferon-inducible RNA-editing enzyme implicated in the site-selective deamination of adenosine to inosine in viral RNAs and cellular pre-mRNAs.	Adenosine	33-42	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	54-58
9016611-2	1997	Previous work has shown that the DNA sequence recognized by Reb1p contains an adenosine residue that is unusually reactive toward chemical modification by dimethylsulfate and that methylation of this nucleoside increases the binding affinity of the Reb1p protein for its target.	Adenosine	78-87	DNA-binding protein REB1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	249-254
9416294-8	1997	The association between CSF adenosine concentration and death, and the correlation between uncoupling of CBF and oxidative metabolism and CSF adenosine concentration support our first hypothesis.	Adenosine	142-151	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	138-141
9183643-5	1996	Moreover, ADA on the cell surface is involved in an important immunoregulatory mechanism by which released ADA binds to cell surface CD26 and this complex is capable of reducing the local concentration of adenosine.	Adenosine	205-214	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	133-137
8759717-4	1996	Two other nucleotide-hydrolyzing activities were induced on the T cell surface concomitantly with CD38: the human PC-1 molecule, a nucleotide phosphodiesterase/pyrophosphatase that produces AMP from NAD or ADP-ribose, and a nucleotidase that produces adenosine from AMP, but which may be distinct from the CD73 5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	251-260	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	98-102
8724545-1	1996	The adenine nucleoside analogue, fludarabine phosphate, in combination with cytosine-arabinoside (Ara-C) and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) (the so called FLAG regimen) has recently been shown to be effective in the treatment of poor-prognosis acute non-lymphoid leukaemia.	Adenosine	4-22	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	109-146
8722180-2	1996	Recent highlights include the identification of the catalytic subunit of the mammalian apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme as a zinc-dependent cytidine deaminase that binds to RNA, the demonstration that adenosines in brain glutamate receptor pre-mRNAs are converted into inosines and that double-stranded RNA A deaminase (dsRAD), the candidate enzyme, is another zinc-dependent RNA nucleotide deaminase, and a mounting body of evidence for a cleavage-ligation mechanism for U insertion/deletion editing in kinetoplastid protozoa.	Adenosine	205-215	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	291-322
8722180-2	1996	Recent highlights include the identification of the catalytic subunit of the mammalian apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme as a zinc-dependent cytidine deaminase that binds to RNA, the demonstration that adenosines in brain glutamate receptor pre-mRNAs are converted into inosines and that double-stranded RNA A deaminase (dsRAD), the candidate enzyme, is another zinc-dependent RNA nucleotide deaminase, and a mounting body of evidence for a cleavage-ligation mechanism for U insertion/deletion editing in kinetoplastid protozoa.	Adenosine	205-215	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	324-329
8779915-5	1996	Inhibition of endogenous adenosine deaminase activity by erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine or 2"-deoxycoformycin strongly enhanced the inhibitory effects of exogenous adenosine on cytokine release and expression of E-selectin and VCAM-1.	Adenosine	25-34	selectin E	Homo sapiens	218-228
8549214-7	1996	RESULTS: Adenosine produced selective vasodilation of the pulmonary vascular bed: both PVR and MPAP were significantly reduced during adenosine infusion without changes in either SVR or MAP.	Adenosine	9-18	PVR cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	87-90
8549214-7	1996	RESULTS: Adenosine produced selective vasodilation of the pulmonary vascular bed: both PVR and MPAP were significantly reduced during adenosine infusion without changes in either SVR or MAP.	Adenosine	134-143	PVR cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	87-90
8549214-9	1996	Adenosine effectively reduced PVR and pulmonary arterial pressure without decreasing SVR or systemic arterial pressure.	Adenosine	0-9	PVR cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	30-33
9222368-1	1995	Double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase (DsRAD), which converts adenosine in duplex RNA to inosine, has been implicated in editing of cellular mRNA and hypermutation of viral RNA in the central nervous system (CNS).	Adenosine	20-29	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	41-46
7606456-0	1995	Hyperexcitability in CA1 of the rat hippocampal slice following hypoxia or adenosine.	Adenosine	75-84	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
7606456-3	1995	This method provides evidence that rebound hyperexcitability following hypoxia or prolonged adenosine-mediated inhibition results from an increase in excitability of the CA1 pyramidal neurons rather than from an increase in excitatory neurotransmitter release.	Adenosine	92-101	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	170-173
7550616-1	1995	This study extends previous investigations into the effect of adenosine on bicuculline-resistant paired-pulse inhibition between field potentials evoked 300 ms apart in the CA1 area of the rat hippocampal slice.	Adenosine	62-71	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	173-176
7550616-6	1995	A possible mechanism for this effect is that adenosine is suppressing transmission at excitatory terminals onto interneurones which would suggest that these receptors are more sensitive to adenosine than those on the Schaffer collateral/CA1 pyramidal cell synapses.	Adenosine	45-54	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	237-240
7931278-3	1994	Dexamethasone significantly potentiated cAMP accumulation in response to the adenosine analogue N6-R-phenylisopropyl adenosine (PIA), and in response to forskolin.	Adenosine	77-86	RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2	Homo sapiens	96-126
7931278-3	1994	Dexamethasone significantly potentiated cAMP accumulation in response to the adenosine analogue N6-R-phenylisopropyl adenosine (PIA), and in response to forskolin.	Adenosine	77-86	RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2	Homo sapiens	128-131
8093102-0	1994	Effects of novel anti-viral adenosine analogues on the activity of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase from human liver.	Adenosine	28-37	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	67-99
8032664-3	1994	In the present work the P1 and P2Y purinoceptor antagonists, 8-phenyltheophylline and reactive blue 2, respectively, were used to study the mechanisms of relaxation responses induced by GTP, guanosine, adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine in noradrenaline-precontracted rat mesenteric artery rings.	Adenosine	202-211	perforin 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-47
7515268-1	1994	The adenine nucleoside analogue fludarabine phosphate in combination with cytosine-arabinoside (Ara-C) and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has recently proved effective in the treatment of poor-prognosis acute non-lymphoid leukaemia.	Adenosine	4-22	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	107-144
7515268-1	1994	The adenine nucleoside analogue fludarabine phosphate in combination with cytosine-arabinoside (Ara-C) and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has recently proved effective in the treatment of poor-prognosis acute non-lymphoid leukaemia.	Adenosine	4-22	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	146-151
8261422-2	1993	The enzyme S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase converts S-adenosylhomocysteine, a potent endogenous inhibitor of S-adenosylmethione-mediated methyltransferase reactions, to adenosine and L-homocysteine.	Adenosine	170-179	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	11-43
8293769-10	1993	We conclude that in vivo, (a) adenosine possibly elicits endothelium-dependent dilation; (b) adenosine and bradykinin act in part independently of the L-arginine/NO pathway; (c) vasodilation to acetylcholine is potentiated by acute ACE inhibition via NO-dependent mechanisms.	Adenosine	93-102	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Canis lupus familiaris	232-235
8295714-0	1993	Effects of adenosine and cadmium on presynaptic fiber spikes in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus in vitro.	Adenosine	11-20	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
8295714-1	1993	Adenosine was found to decrease the amplitude of presynaptic fiber spikes recorded in stratum radiatum of the CA1 region of the hippocampus following stimulation of the Schaffer collateral and commissural afferents.	Adenosine	0-9	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-113
8350982-9	1993	Our results suggest that ecto-5"-nucleotidase may play a crucial role in the hydrolysis of AMP to adenosine at the mossy fibre synapses.	Adenosine	98-107	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	25-45
8416969-2	1993	The stereochemistry and kinetics for hydrogen transfer to the catalytically essential NAD+ of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHase) have been determined for selected adenosine analogues.	Adenosine	170-179	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	94-126
8416969-2	1993	The stereochemistry and kinetics for hydrogen transfer to the catalytically essential NAD+ of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHase) have been determined for selected adenosine analogues.	Adenosine	170-179	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	128-134
1493225-0	1992	Adenosine-induced hyperpolarization is depressed by glibenclamide in rat CA1 neurones.	Adenosine	0-9	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
1371803-14	1992	In conclusion, adenosine appears to be an effective inhibitor of neutrophil granule protein secretion induced by fMLP but only a weak inhibitor of exocytosis in response to TNF or GM-CSF.	Adenosine	15-24	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	180-186
1323203-5	1992	Influx of [3H]-MTX in CEM-7A cells was found to be down-regulated 6-7-fold after preincubation of cells with adenosine, 5-formyl-THF or 5-methyl-THF, but could be prevented exclusively by inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase.	Adenosine	109-118	metaxin 1	Homo sapiens	15-18
1763064-0	1991	Phosphorylation state of the GLUT4 isoform of the glucose transporter in subfractions of the rat adipose cell: effects of insulin, adenosine, and isoproterenol.	Adenosine	131-140	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	29-34
1763064-1	1991	The acute effects of insulin, adenosine, and isoproterenol on the activity, subcellular distribution, and phosphorylation state of the GLUT4 glucose transporter isoform were investigated in rat adipocytes under conditions carefully controlled to monitor changes in cAMP-dependent protein kinase (A-kinase) activity.	Adenosine	30-39	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	135-140
1761496-0	1991	Adenosine prevents phorbol ester injury in rabbit lungs: role of leukotrienes and TNF.	Adenosine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	82-85
1761496-1	1991	The objective of this study was to determine whether adenosine (ADO) prevents phorbol myristate acetate- (PMA) induced lung injury by modulating peptidoleukotrienes (LT) and/or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production.	Adenosine	53-62	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	177-198
1761496-1	1991	The objective of this study was to determine whether adenosine (ADO) prevents phorbol myristate acetate- (PMA) induced lung injury by modulating peptidoleukotrienes (LT) and/or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production.	Adenosine	53-62	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	200-203
1761496-1	1991	The objective of this study was to determine whether adenosine (ADO) prevents phorbol myristate acetate- (PMA) induced lung injury by modulating peptidoleukotrienes (LT) and/or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production.	Adenosine	64-67	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	177-198
1761496-1	1991	The objective of this study was to determine whether adenosine (ADO) prevents phorbol myristate acetate- (PMA) induced lung injury by modulating peptidoleukotrienes (LT) and/or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production.	Adenosine	64-67	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	200-203
1656938-2	1991	Isoprenaline-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in cells prepared from obese subjects as compared with normal-weight subjects, was less sensitive to inhibition by the adenosine agonist N6-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine (PIA) (P = 0.047).	Adenosine	167-176	RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2	Homo sapiens	185-220
1884445-6	1991	Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) also decreased, but the ratio of PVR to SVR decreased (maximal mean percent decrease from baseline) by 10.5% (p less than 0.025), indicating that adenosine has a preferential vasodilator effect on the pulmonary circulation when administered in this manner.	Adenosine	181-190	PVR cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	68-71
1650398-3	1991	The potency order of adenosine analogues for inhibition of inositol phosphate accumulation was L-PIA greater than adenosine greater than NECA, a finding indicating that A1-class adenosine receptors are involved in the inhibition.	Adenosine	21-30	RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2	Homo sapiens	97-100
1806586-3	1991	Anti-adenosine antiserum for the RIA was raised in rabbits immunized with diSc-adenosine conjugated to human serum albumin (diSc-adenosine-HSA).	Adenosine	5-14	albumin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	115-122
2291538-2	1990	This effect of ATP appears mediated via a P2-purinoceptor because the rank order of agonist potency is ATP greater than ADP greater than AMP = adenosine.	Adenosine	143-152	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	42-57
2104880-3	1990	In human fat cells NPY and PYY promoted a dose-dependent inhibition of lipolysis elicited by 2 micrograms/ml adenosine deaminase (removal of adenosine) whatever the lipolytic index used (glycerol or nonesterified fatty acids).	Adenosine	109-118	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	19-22
33823181-2	2021	alpha-MSH upregulates the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in melanocytes via the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A/cAMP response element-binding protein (cAMP/PKA/CREB) signaling pathway.	Adenosine	124-133	melanocyte inducing transcription factor	Homo sapiens	40-86
33823181-2	2021	alpha-MSH upregulates the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in melanocytes via the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A/cAMP response element-binding protein (cAMP/PKA/CREB) signaling pathway.	Adenosine	124-133	melanocyte inducing transcription factor	Homo sapiens	88-92
33973627-9	2021	The most-effective compound, the adenosine uptake inhibitor drug dipyridamole, also rescued axon growth defects in the UBA1-dependent zebrafish model of SMA.	Adenosine	33-42	ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 1	Danio rerio	119-123
33809846-1	2021	Phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) is an enzyme responsible for the degradation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), an important cellular messenger.	Adenosine	82-91	phosphodiesterase 7A	Homo sapiens	0-19
33809846-1	2021	Phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) is an enzyme responsible for the degradation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), an important cellular messenger.	Adenosine	82-91	phosphodiesterase 7A	Homo sapiens	21-25
33763129-2	2021	Nur77, an orphan nuclear receptor that is expressed in response to the luteinizing hormone/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (LH/cAMP) signaling pathway, is one of the key factors that regulate steroidogenesis in Leydig cells.	Adenosine	98-107	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Mus musculus	0-5
33816646-2	2021	Adenosine functions through binding to the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) present on T cells.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	43-65
33816646-2	2021	Adenosine functions through binding to the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) present on T cells.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	67-71
33816646-5	2021	Herein, we developed a lipid nanoparticle (NP)-based targeted delivery approach to knock down A2AR in T cells in order to increase their chemotaxis in the presence of adenosine.	Adenosine	167-176	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	94-98
33236491-2	2021	Ubiquitination involving Nedd4-2 is regulated by adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is impaired in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of db/db mice.	Adenosine	49-58	neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated gene 4-like	Mus musculus	25-32
34922916-4	2022	Here, CD39 first converts ATP and adenosine diphosphate(ADP) into AMP, after which AMP is dephosphorylated into adenosine by CD73.	Adenosine	34-43	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	6-10
34808556-0	2022	Cordycepin suppresses glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic transmission through activation of A1 adenosine receptor in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.	Adenosine	97-106	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	135-138
34514988-3	2021	As such, the expression pattern of the 4 adenosine receptors (A1R, A2AR, A2BR and A3R) and the extracellular adenosine levels have attracted great interest in the pathogenesis and possible treatment of rare neurodegenerative diseases with motor symptoms.	Adenosine	41-50	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	67-71
34921635-7	2021	Among the pH regulatory genes upregulated by Mgrn1 knockdown, we identified those encoding several subunits of the vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase V-ATPase (mostly Atp6v0d2) and a calcium channel of the transient receptor potential channel family, Mucolipin 3 (Mcoln3).	Adenosine	124-133	mahogunin, ring finger 1	Mus musculus	45-50
34921233-7	2022	Conversely, blockage of adenosine synthesis by CD73 inhibitor APCP or deficiency of A2A aggravated murine airway inflammation.	Adenosine	24-33	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	47-51
34946593-4	2021	Since selective agonists of RXFP3 are restricted to relaxin-3 and its analogs, we conducted a high-throughput screening campaign against 32,021 synthetic and natural product-derived compounds using a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) measurement-based method.	Adenosine	207-216	relaxin 3	Homo sapiens	52-61
34857633-2	2021	For beta2-adrenergic receptors (beta2AR), unbiased agonists stabilize conformation(s) that evoke coupling to Galphas (cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production/human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cell relaxation) and beta-arrestin engagement, the latter acting to quench Galphas signaling, contributing to receptor desensitization/tachyphylaxis.	Adenosine	125-134	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	32-39
34650622-9	2021	Additional cellular studies demonstrated that blocking the expression and hydrolase activity of CD73 with alpha,beta-methylene ADP (APCP) could counteract the protective effect of CD73 on neuronal apoptosis, while adenosine (Ado) could rescue the increased apoptosis caused by CD73 deletion.	Adenosine	214-223	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	277-281
34650622-9	2021	Additional cellular studies demonstrated that blocking the expression and hydrolase activity of CD73 with alpha,beta-methylene ADP (APCP) could counteract the protective effect of CD73 on neuronal apoptosis, while adenosine (Ado) could rescue the increased apoptosis caused by CD73 deletion.	Adenosine	225-228	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	277-281
34650622-11	2021	In conclusion, CD73 could inhibit DRG neuronal apoptosis by promoting the Ado/cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway.	Adenosine	74-77	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	15-19
34453336-4	2021	Here, we investigated changes of spontaneous, transient adenosine in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus during three different models of varied intensity of ischemia.	Adenosine	56-65	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
34453336-10	2021	Thus, during ischemic stroke, there are fewer spontaneous adenosine events that could inhibit neurotransmission, which might lead to more damage and less neuroprotection in the hippocampus CA1 region.	Adenosine	58-67	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	189-192
34634709-4	2021	Using cell-based luciferase reporter systems, we demonstrated that chicken NPS could potently activate NPSR1 expressed in vitro and thus stimulates multiple signaling pathways, including calcium mobilization, cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA), and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling pathways, indicating that NPS actions could be mediated by NPSR1 in birds.	Adenosine	216-225	neuropeptide S receptor 1	Gallus gallus	103-108
34885748-1	2021	Although a monoclonal antibody targeting the multifunctional ectoenzyme CD38 is an FDA-approved drug, few small molecule inhibitors exist for this enzyme that catalyzes inter alia the formation and metabolism of the N1-ribosylated, Ca2+-mobilizing, second messenger cyclic adenosine 5"-diphosphoribose (cADPR).	Adenosine	273-282	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	72-76
34615735-9	2021	Finally, we found that the suppressive activity of LF-induced Tregs is facilitated mainly by CD39/CD73-induced adenosine generation and that this suppressor activity alleviates inflammatory bowel disease.	Adenosine	111-120	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	98-102
34678311-2	2021	Clot formation is promoted via cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated secretion of von Willebrand factor (vWF), which fine tunes the process of hemostasis.	Adenosine	38-47	Von Willebrand factor	Mus musculus	91-112
34648293-6	2021	Moreover, the CD73 inhibitor reduced extracellular adenosine production, and the combination therapy significantly promoted the activation and infiltration of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, which helped to optimally suppress tumor growth and extend median survival in vivo.	Adenosine	51-60	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	14-18
34589143-1	2021	Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR1) is a member of the adenosine deaminases acting on RNA family that catalyze the adenosine-to-inosine editing of double-stranded RNA substrates.	Adenosine	76-85	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-48
34589143-1	2021	Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR1) is a member of the adenosine deaminases acting on RNA family that catalyze the adenosine-to-inosine editing of double-stranded RNA substrates.	Adenosine	76-85	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	50-55
34589143-1	2021	Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR1) is a member of the adenosine deaminases acting on RNA family that catalyze the adenosine-to-inosine editing of double-stranded RNA substrates.	Adenosine	136-145	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-48
34589143-1	2021	Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR1) is a member of the adenosine deaminases acting on RNA family that catalyze the adenosine-to-inosine editing of double-stranded RNA substrates.	Adenosine	136-145	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	50-55
34630705-3	2021	The present study aimed to identify the underlying molecular mechanism of the effect of lncRNA NUTM2A-AS1 in LUAD by exploring whether lncRNA NUTM2A-AS1 could affect LUAD cell proliferation and apoptosis through the microRNA (miR)-590-5p/methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit (METTL3) axis.	Adenosine	262-271	NUTM2A antisense RNA 1	Homo sapiens	142-152
34630705-3	2021	The present study aimed to identify the underlying molecular mechanism of the effect of lncRNA NUTM2A-AS1 in LUAD by exploring whether lncRNA NUTM2A-AS1 could affect LUAD cell proliferation and apoptosis through the microRNA (miR)-590-5p/methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit (METTL3) axis.	Adenosine	262-271	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	317-323
34689367-1	2022	OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine expressions of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) and METTL14, two enzymes essential for mRNA methylation at the adenosine (m6 A), in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to investigate in vitro aggressiveness of their aberrant expressions.	Adenosine	154-163	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	57-81
34689367-1	2022	OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine expressions of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) and METTL14, two enzymes essential for mRNA methylation at the adenosine (m6 A), in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to investigate in vitro aggressiveness of their aberrant expressions.	Adenosine	154-163	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	83-89
34733261-11	2021	The functional prediction analysis of oral bacterial communities showed that genes involved in cell adhesion molecules (p<0.001), extracellular matrix molecule-receptor interaction (p<0.001), focal adhesion (p<0.001), and regulation of actin cytoskeleton (p<0.001) were associated with glioma grades, and some microbial gene functions involving lipid metabolism and the adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling pathway were significantly more enriched in IDH1 mutant gliomas than compared with the IDH1-wild-type gliomas.	Adenosine	370-379	isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1	Homo sapiens	476-480
34760335-3	2021	It was found that the expression level of ADAR1 affected the global number of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) editing sites but not the editing degree.	Adenosine	78-87	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	42-47
34675608-1	2021	Introduction: ENPP1 and ENTPD1 are two main enzymes involved in ATP-AMP-ADP-adenosine axis, which is associated with lipid metabolism, diabetes mellitus (DM) and renal fibrosis.	Adenosine	76-85	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	24-30
34383941-15	2021	Knockdown of AMPK and SLC28a1 abolished the effect of adenosine on lipid deposition in ZFL cells, and AMPK morpholino blocked the hepatic lipid-lowering effect of dietary AMP in vivo.	Adenosine	54-63	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Danio rerio	22-29
34265363-4	2021	Growing evidence indicates that CD39 and CD73, as novel checkpoints, can transform adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-mediated pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment into an adenosine-mediated immunosuppressive one via the purinergic signaling pathway.	Adenosine	83-92	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
34265363-4	2021	Growing evidence indicates that CD39 and CD73, as novel checkpoints, can transform adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-mediated pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment into an adenosine-mediated immunosuppressive one via the purinergic signaling pathway.	Adenosine	169-178	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
34297039-3	2021	Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing by ADAR induces mismatches in dsRNA and prevents recognition by MDA5 and autoinflammation.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	41-45
34297039-3	2021	Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing by ADAR induces mismatches in dsRNA and prevents recognition by MDA5 and autoinflammation.	Adenosine	0-9	interferon induced with helicase C domain 1	Homo sapiens	102-106
34370691-8	2021	Moreover, over-expression of Sirtuin 3 in islets isolated from female offspring treated with prenatal testosterone normalized the oxidative stress level, restored cyclic adenosine monophosphate and adenosine triphosphate generation, which finally improved glucose stimulated insulin secretion in beta cells.	Adenosine	170-179	sirtuin 3	Mus musculus	29-38
34370691-8	2021	Moreover, over-expression of Sirtuin 3 in islets isolated from female offspring treated with prenatal testosterone normalized the oxidative stress level, restored cyclic adenosine monophosphate and adenosine triphosphate generation, which finally improved glucose stimulated insulin secretion in beta cells.	Adenosine	198-207	sirtuin 3	Mus musculus	29-38
34466690-5	2021	Compared with CON lambs, the relative mRNA levels of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha1 (AMPKalpha1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC1alpha) and transcription factor A (TFAM) were increased (P < 0.05) in the liver of IUGR lambs, but were decreased (P < 0.05) in the liver of NCG- or Arg-treated lambs compared with those in the IUGR lambs.	Adenosine	53-62	transcription factor A, mitochondrial	Ovis aries	231-235
34418159-4	2021	Specifically, we revealed two distinct stages of the hyperoxia phase with greater cellular proliferation and apoptosis activities and upregulation of adenosine signaling at postnatal 9 day (P9) but reduced cellular activities and adenosine-A2A R signaling at P12.	Adenosine	230-239	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	240-245
33510056-4	2021	The neuromodulator adenosine, and its receptors (A1, A2A, A2B and A3 receptors: A1R, A2AR, A2BR and A3R), are crucial mediators in remyelination processes.	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	85-89
34119876-1	2021	S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) is hydrolyzed by SAH hydrolase (SAHH) to homocysteine and adenosine.	Adenosine	87-96	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase	Mus musculus	46-59
34119876-1	2021	S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) is hydrolyzed by SAH hydrolase (SAHH) to homocysteine and adenosine.	Adenosine	87-96	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase	Mus musculus	61-65
34119876-4	2021	In the present study, we found that inhibition of SAHH by using its inhibitor adenosine dialdehyde (ADA) accumulates intracellular or plasma SAH levels and increases high glucose-induced podocyte injury and aggravates STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy, which is associated with Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation.	Adenosine	78-87	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	50-54
34119876-4	2021	In the present study, we found that inhibition of SAHH by using its inhibitor adenosine dialdehyde (ADA) accumulates intracellular or plasma SAH levels and increases high glucose-induced podocyte injury and aggravates STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy, which is associated with Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation.	Adenosine	78-87	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	277-304
34571872-6	2021	Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1)/CD39 dephosphorylates ATP to ADP and to AMP, which in turn, is hydrolysed to adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	137-146	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	50-58
34571872-6	2021	Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1)/CD39 dephosphorylates ATP to ADP and to AMP, which in turn, is hydrolysed to adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	137-146	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
34446600-3	2021	Genetic suppressor screens identified that mutations of ADR-2, an RNA adenosine deaminase, rescued ciliary phenotypes of dyf-5CA We found that dyf-5CA animals abnormally transcribed antisense RNAs that pair with dyf-5CA messenger RNA (mRNA) to form double-stranded RNA, recruiting ADR-2 to edit the region ectopically.	Adenosine	70-79	Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase adr-2	Caenorhabditis elegans	56-61
34446600-3	2021	Genetic suppressor screens identified that mutations of ADR-2, an RNA adenosine deaminase, rescued ciliary phenotypes of dyf-5CA We found that dyf-5CA animals abnormally transcribed antisense RNAs that pair with dyf-5CA messenger RNA (mRNA) to form double-stranded RNA, recruiting ADR-2 to edit the region ectopically.	Adenosine	70-79	Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase adr-2	Caenorhabditis elegans	281-286
34466002-0	2021	A Novel CD73 Inhibitor SHR170008 Suppresses Adenosine in Tumor and Enhances Anti-Tumor Activity with PD-1 Blockade in a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer.	Adenosine	44-53	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	8-12
34505013-4	2021	PPARalpha activation enhanced the fatty acid beta-oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, thus promoting proliferation and differentiation of Sox9+ hepatocytes along periportal (PP)-perivenous (PV) axis.	Adenosine	101-110	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9
34414094-1	2021	Metformin (MET), a first-line oral agent used to treat diabetes, exerts its function mainly by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein.	Adenosine	106-115	SAFB like transcription modulator	Homo sapiens	0-9
34414094-1	2021	Metformin (MET), a first-line oral agent used to treat diabetes, exerts its function mainly by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein.	Adenosine	106-115	SAFB like transcription modulator	Homo sapiens	11-14
34406456-2	2022	Across the genera, methylation of tRNAs at N1 of adenosine 58 (A58) by AtTRM61/AtTRM6 complex plays a critical role in maintaining the stability of initiator methionyl-tRNA (tRNAiMet).	Adenosine	49-58	serine-rich adhesin for platelets-like protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	79-85
34192517-5	2021	Substitutions of Zalpha from either ZBP1 or the RNA-editing enzyme double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase (ADAR)1 yields fully functional E3 capable of suppressing virus-induced necroptosis.	Adenosine	87-96	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	108-114
34381563-2	2021	The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 play strategic roles in calibrating purinergic signals via an extracellular balance between ATP and adenosine.	Adenosine	136-145	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
34157570-1	2021	Inhibitors of the enzyme adenosine monophosphate deaminase (AMPD) show interesting levels of herbicidal activity.	Adenosine	25-34	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
34360833-1	2021	CD39 is an enzyme which is responsible, together with CD73, for a cascade converting adenosine triphosphate into adenosine diphosphate and cyclic adenosine monophosphate, ultimately leading to the release of an immunosuppressive form of adenosine in the tumor microenvironment.	Adenosine	85-94	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
34360833-1	2021	CD39 is an enzyme which is responsible, together with CD73, for a cascade converting adenosine triphosphate into adenosine diphosphate and cyclic adenosine monophosphate, ultimately leading to the release of an immunosuppressive form of adenosine in the tumor microenvironment.	Adenosine	113-122	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
34360833-1	2021	CD39 is an enzyme which is responsible, together with CD73, for a cascade converting adenosine triphosphate into adenosine diphosphate and cyclic adenosine monophosphate, ultimately leading to the release of an immunosuppressive form of adenosine in the tumor microenvironment.	Adenosine	146-155	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
34360833-1	2021	CD39 is an enzyme which is responsible, together with CD73, for a cascade converting adenosine triphosphate into adenosine diphosphate and cyclic adenosine monophosphate, ultimately leading to the release of an immunosuppressive form of adenosine in the tumor microenvironment.	Adenosine	237-246	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
34393062-7	2022	In the adenosine pathway, the prevalence of positive staining for CD39, CD73, and A2AR was 4.9%, 2.5%, and 69.2%, in TETs and 0%, 1.7%, and 50.8%, in SCLC.	Adenosine	7-16	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	66-70
34393062-7	2022	In the adenosine pathway, the prevalence of positive staining for CD39, CD73, and A2AR was 4.9%, 2.5%, and 69.2%, in TETs and 0%, 1.7%, and 50.8%, in SCLC.	Adenosine	7-16	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	82-86
34335174-2	2021	Adenosine receptors are most abundant in the brain, where adenosine acts through inhibitory A1 receptors to decrease activity/noise and through facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR) to promote plastic changes in physiological conditions.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	157-170
34335174-2	2021	Adenosine receptors are most abundant in the brain, where adenosine acts through inhibitory A1 receptors to decrease activity/noise and through facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR) to promote plastic changes in physiological conditions.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	172-176
34335174-2	2021	Adenosine receptors are most abundant in the brain, where adenosine acts through inhibitory A1 receptors to decrease activity/noise and through facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR) to promote plastic changes in physiological conditions.	Adenosine	58-67	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	157-170
34335174-2	2021	Adenosine receptors are most abundant in the brain, where adenosine acts through inhibitory A1 receptors to decrease activity/noise and through facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR) to promote plastic changes in physiological conditions.	Adenosine	58-67	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	172-176
34152738-5	2021	The ex vivo findings distinctly establish the pro-osteogenic potential of adenosine and EGCG, stimulating MSCs toward osteoblast differentiation with significantly increased expression of alkaline phosphatase, calcium deposits, and enhanced osteocalcin expression.	Adenosine	74-83	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein 2	Mus musculus	241-252
34234167-5	2021	We also discovered an enrichment of cytosine-to-uracil mutation among the viral population collected from the nasopharynx, that is different from the adenosine-to-inosine change previously reported in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples and a previously unidentified upregulation of APOBEC4 expression in nasopharynx among infected patients, indicating the innate immune host response mediated by ADAR and APOBEC gene families could be tissue-specific.	Adenosine	150-159	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	402-406
34226519-1	2021	It has been recently reported that CD38 expressed on tumor cells of multiple murine and human origins could be upregulated in response to PD-L1 antibody therapy, which led to dysfunction of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T immune cells due to increasing the production of adenosine.	Adenosine	265-274	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	138-143
34276384-13	2021	In the liver, expression of cytochrome P450 (Cyp) enzyme Cyp7a1 and Cyp7b1 was increased, whereas expression of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (Abc) transporters Abcg5 and Abcg8 was decreased by APS.	Adenosine	112-121	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 8	Mus musculus	181-186
34130310-1	2021	ABSTRACT: The methyltransferase-like 3 (Mettl3) is a key component of the large N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex in mammalian responsible for RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, which plays an important role in gene post-transcription modulation.	Adenosine	83-92	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	14-38
34130310-1	2021	ABSTRACT: The methyltransferase-like 3 (Mettl3) is a key component of the large N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex in mammalian responsible for RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, which plays an important role in gene post-transcription modulation.	Adenosine	83-92	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	40-46
34130310-1	2021	ABSTRACT: The methyltransferase-like 3 (Mettl3) is a key component of the large N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex in mammalian responsible for RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, which plays an important role in gene post-transcription modulation.	Adenosine	83-92	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	172-175
34185971-7	2022	Consistent with this, we evaluated the expression levels of cell-cycle biomarkers and found that Bioinformatics analysis combined with N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A; methylation at the N6 position in adenosine) RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR (MeRIP-qPCR) assay indicated that GPR133 expression was downregulated by this modification.	Adenosine	196-205	adhesion G protein-coupled receptor D1	Homo sapiens	270-276
34258288-3	2021	Results: Adenosine-5"-N-ethyluronamide (NECA), a stable adenosine analogue, significantly stimulate inflammatory mediator (IL-6) (p < 0.001) and nuclear receptors (NR4A) (p < 0.05) and significantly modulate metabolic (PFK, LCAD, PGC-1alpha, and CPT1B) gene expressions in skeletal muscle cells (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.001, and p < 0.01, respectively).	Adenosine	9-18	acyl-CoA dehydrogenase long chain	Homo sapiens	224-228
34107215-3	2021	Recognizing the wake-promoting capacity of histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists in combination with the "caffeine-like effects" of A1R/A2AR antagonists, we designed A1R/A2AR/H3R MTLs, where a piperidino-/pyrrolidino(propyloxy)phenyl H3R pharmacophore was introduced with overlap into an adenosine antagonist arylindenopyrimidine core.	Adenosine	290-299	histamine receptor H3	Rattus norvegicus	177-180
34107215-3	2021	Recognizing the wake-promoting capacity of histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists in combination with the "caffeine-like effects" of A1R/A2AR antagonists, we designed A1R/A2AR/H3R MTLs, where a piperidino-/pyrrolidino(propyloxy)phenyl H3R pharmacophore was introduced with overlap into an adenosine antagonist arylindenopyrimidine core.	Adenosine	290-299	histamine receptor H3	Rattus norvegicus	236-239
34207099-1	2021	RNA methylation at the nitrogen sixth of adenosine (m6A, N6-methyladenosine) is the most abundant RNA modification which plays a crucial role in all RNA metabolic aspects.	Adenosine	41-50	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	52-55
34211393-1	2021	Extracellular ATP and its ultimate degradation product adenosine are potent extracellular signaling molecules that elicit a variety of pathophysiological pathways in retina through the activation of P2 and P1 purinoceptors, respectively.	Adenosine	55-64	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	199-222
34211393-4	2021	Several agonists and antagonists of ATP receptors and adenosine receptors (ARs) have been developed for the potential treatment of glaucoma, DR and AMD: antagonists of P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) (BBG, MRS2540) prevent ATP-induced neuronal apoptosis in glaucoma, DR, and AMD; A1 receptor (A1R) agonists (INO-8875) lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma; A2A receptor (A2AR) agonists (CGS21680) or antagonists (SCH58261, ZM241385) reduce neuroinflammation in glaucoma, DR, and AMD; A3 receptor (A3R) agonists (2-Cl-lB-MECA, MRS3558) protect retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from apoptosis in glaucoma.	Adenosine	54-63	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	348-360
34074703-1	2021	Pharmacologic agonism of the beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR) induces bronchodilation by activating the enzyme adenylyl cyclase to generate cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).	Adenosine	150-159	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	56-63
34135730-0	2021	A2 B Adenosine Receptors and Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Signaling Cross-Talk in Oligodendrogliogenesis.	Adenosine	5-14	bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2	Homo sapiens	69-73
34085465-9	2021	And the protein expression levels of organic anion transporter 1(OAT1) and adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter G2(ABCG2) were detected by immunohistochemistry.	Adenosine	75-84	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2	Rattus norvegicus	130-135
34517946-1	2021	The RNA methyltransferase (MTase) complex METTL3-METTL14 transfers methyl groups from S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) to the N6-position of adenosines within its consensus sequence, the DRACH motif (D=A, G, U; R=A, G; H=A, C, U).	Adenosine	141-151	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	42-48
35292321-4	2022	Meanwhile, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) value and electron transport system activity (ETSA) increased to 25.05, 22.87, 20.43 and 6.22, 4.87, 3.95 of C1, C3 and C5 compartments, respectively.	Adenosine	11-20	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	149-155
35596184-8	2022	In diabetic patients receiving ticagrelor, PCSK9 levels were positively correlated with maximal platelet aggregation measured by light transmittance aggregometry and maximum amplitude of adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet-fibrin clots measured by thrombelastography in the maintenance phase of treatment, whereas no correlations were found in non-diabetic patients.	Adenosine	187-196	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9	Homo sapiens	43-48
35598361-3	2022	Besides the low tumor mutational burden, PD-L1 expression and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T cells, upregulation of CD73/adenosine pathway also contributes to the immune-inert microenvironment of EGFR-mutant NSCLC.	Adenosine	116-125	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	41-46
35625624-1	2022	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), the ectoenzyme that together with CD39 is responsible for extracellular ATP hydrolysis and adenosine accumulation, regulates immune/inflammatory processes by controlling innate and acquired immunity cell functions.	Adenosine	120-129	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-20
35625624-1	2022	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), the ectoenzyme that together with CD39 is responsible for extracellular ATP hydrolysis and adenosine accumulation, regulates immune/inflammatory processes by controlling innate and acquired immunity cell functions.	Adenosine	120-129	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	22-26
35625864-5	2022	Adenosine acts via four subtypes of receptors, named A1 (A1R), A2A (A2AR), A2B (A2BR) and A3 (A3R) receptors, with all subtypes belonging to G protein membrane receptors.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	63-66
35625864-5	2022	Adenosine acts via four subtypes of receptors, named A1 (A1R), A2A (A2AR), A2B (A2BR) and A3 (A3R) receptors, with all subtypes belonging to G protein membrane receptors.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	68-72
35625864-6	2022	The main effects of adenosine on the cardiovascular system occurs via the modulation of potassium ion channels (IK Ado, K ATP), voltage-gate calcium channels and via cAMP production inhibition (A1R and A3R) or, conversely, through the increased production of cAMP (A2A/BR) in target cells.	Adenosine	20-29	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	265-268
35526561-9	2022	Finally, we demonstrated that Negr1-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) showed elevated reactive oxygen species levels and decreased adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation compared with control MEFs.	Adenosine	135-144	neuronal growth regulator 1	Mus musculus	30-35
35514261-1	2022	Platelet activation by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is mediated through two G-protein-coupled receptors, P2Y1 and P2Y12, which signal through Gq and Gi, respectively.	Adenosine	23-32	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Homo sapiens	104-108
35592437-6	2022	Adenosine and NECA activated most members of all four Galpha protein families (Galphas, Galphaq/11, Galphai, and Galpha12/13).	Adenosine	0-9	succinate-CoA ligase GDP/ADP-forming subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	54-60
35592437-6	2022	Adenosine and NECA activated most members of all four Galpha protein families (Galphas, Galphaq/11, Galphai, and Galpha12/13).	Adenosine	0-9	G protein subunit alpha i1	Homo sapiens	100-107
35513260-8	2022	The primary driver of micro-ciRNA genesis (< 155 nt as ciRNA-ATXN2L) appears to be the absence of a canonical "A" (i.e. a "tnA" located in the usual branching region) to build the lariat around this adenosine.	Adenosine	199-208	ataxin 2 like	Felis catus	61-67
35182571-9	2022	Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), a direct target of hypoxia, which is a key regulator of adenosine signaling by binding to the A2BAR promoter to induce expression of A2BAR, was shown to be decreased by PSB-603.	Adenosine	102-111	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	0-31
35182571-9	2022	Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), a direct target of hypoxia, which is a key regulator of adenosine signaling by binding to the A2BAR promoter to induce expression of A2BAR, was shown to be decreased by PSB-603.	Adenosine	102-111	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	33-43
35573239-7	2022	It was found that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway in PUSMCs was activated by adenosine or UCMSC-sEV intervention.	Adenosine	127-136	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta	Homo sapiens	22-51
35573239-7	2022	It was found that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway in PUSMCs was activated by adenosine or UCMSC-sEV intervention.	Adenosine	127-136	protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta	Homo sapiens	59-75
35624663-5	2022	The mechanistic study indicated that empagliflozin significantly activated adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKalpha) through Calcium/Calmodulin dependent protein kinase kinase beta (CAMKK2) instead of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) or TGF-beta activated kinase (TAK1).	Adenosine	75-84	serine/threonine kinase 11	Homo sapiens	252-256
35624663-5	2022	The mechanistic study indicated that empagliflozin significantly activated adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKalpha) through Calcium/Calmodulin dependent protein kinase kinase beta (CAMKK2) instead of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) or TGF-beta activated kinase (TAK1).	Adenosine	75-84	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	288-292
35625528-1	2022	Hsp90 (Heat Shock Protein 90) is an ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) molecular chaperone responsible for the activation and maturation of client proteins.	Adenosine	41-50	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
35625528-1	2022	Hsp90 (Heat Shock Protein 90) is an ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) molecular chaperone responsible for the activation and maturation of client proteins.	Adenosine	41-50	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	7-28
35239513-5	2022	MUC5AC was functionally related to inflammation as Muc5ac-deficient (Muc5ac-/-) mice had attenuated rhinovirus (RV)-induced airway inflammation and exogenous MUC5AC glycoprotein administration augmented inflammatory responses and increased release of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in mice and human airway epithelial cell cultures.	Adenosine	265-274	mucin 5, subtype B, tracheobronchial	Mus musculus	69-73
35418200-4	2022	Each subunit of the ALDH1A3-ATP complex contains one ATP molecule bound to the adenosine-binding pocket of the cofactor-binding site.	Adenosine	79-88	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A3	Homo sapiens	20-27
35453434-3	2022	C3G activates adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a cellular energy sensor involved in metabolism and the aging process.	Adenosine	14-23	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 1	Mus musculus	0-3
35453767-2	2022	A-to-I editing is a post-transcriptional mechanism affecting coding and non-coding dsRNAs, catalyzed by the adenosine deaminases acting on the RNA (ADAR) family of enzymes.	Adenosine	108-117	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	148-152
35183535-1	2022	Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) is an essential enzyme that catalyzes adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) production in aerobic glycolysis.	Adenosine	71-80	phosphoglycerate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-25
35183535-1	2022	Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) is an essential enzyme that catalyzes adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) production in aerobic glycolysis.	Adenosine	71-80	phosphoglycerate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
35365616-1	2022	Adenosine (A) to inosine (I) RNA editing catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes is a post-transcriptional modification that emerged as a key player in tumorigenesis and cancer progression.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	54-88
35365616-1	2022	Adenosine (A) to inosine (I) RNA editing catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes is a post-transcriptional modification that emerged as a key player in tumorigenesis and cancer progression.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	90-94
35182887-7	2022	The direct interaction of Fla-CN and the above four targets allowed elucidation of its complicated molecular mechanism, including the activation of adenosine 5-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the inhibition of gluconeogenesis.	Adenosine	148-157	4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase	Mus musculus	26-29
35078640-3	2022	The ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73, also expressed by CD4 T lymphocytes, are involved in the hydrolysis of pro-inflammatory extracellular ATP and generation of immunosuppressive adenosine and seem to be modulated in some arthritogenic pathologies.	Adenosine	173-182	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	16-20
35078640-8	2022	Finally, reduced levels of the ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73 expression was found during the chronic phase suggesting a possible modulation of extracellular ATP and adenosine by CD4+ T cells that may be involved in the persistence of arthritogenic symptoms.	Adenosine	161-170	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	43-47
35365585-1	2022	BACKGROUND: Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1/L2 (programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1/ligand 2) pathway combined with other immunosuppressive signalings, such as CD73/A2aR (A2a adenosine receptor) adenosine signaling, has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment.	Adenosine	215-224	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	185-189
35365585-1	2022	BACKGROUND: Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1/L2 (programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1/ligand 2) pathway combined with other immunosuppressive signalings, such as CD73/A2aR (A2a adenosine receptor) adenosine signaling, has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment.	Adenosine	215-224	LOC606744	Sus scrofa	191-213
35453575-1	2022	CD73 catalyzes the conversion of ATP to adenosine, which is involved in various physiological and pathological processes, including tumor immune escape.	Adenosine	40-49	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
35408582-0	2022	Anti-Hair Loss Effect of Adenosine Is Exerted by cAMP Mediated Wnt/beta-Catenin Pathway Stimulation via Modulation of Gsk3beta Activity in Cultured Human Dermal Papilla Cells.	Adenosine	25-34	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	67-79
35370693-0	2022	Metformin Inhibits NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP)-Relevant Neuroinflammation via an Adenosine-5"-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)-Dependent Pathway to Alleviate Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice.	Adenosine	97-106	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	19-55
35156720-1	2022	RNA editing by the adenosine deaminase ADAR1 prevents innate immune responses to endogenous RNAs.	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	39-44
35327609-2	2022	Presently, researchers are developing approaches in immune therapy that target inhibition of adenosine or its signaling such as CD39 or CD73 inhibiting antibodies or adenosine A2A receptor antagonists.	Adenosine	93-102	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	128-132
35253629-8	2022	These findings indicate that therapeutic targeting of the USP2-E2F4 axis inhibits autophagic machinery essential for zinc homeostasis in cancer progression.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ANOVA: analysis of variance; ATG2A: autophagy related 2A; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; BECN1: beclin 1; BiFC: bimolecular fluorescence complementation; CCND1: cyclin D1; CDK: cyclin dependent kinase; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; CHX: cycloheximide; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; DAPI: 4",6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; E2F4: E2F transcription factor 4; eATP: extracellular adenosine triphosphate; EBSS: Earle"s balanced salt solution; FP: first progression; FRET: fluorescence resonance energy transfer; FUCCI: fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GST: glutathione S-transferase; HA: hemagglutinin; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MDM2: MDM2 proto-oncogene; MKI67/Ki-67: marker of proliferation Ki-67; MT: metallothionein; MT1E: metallothionein 1E; MT1M: metallothionein 1M; MT1X: metallothionein 1X; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethyltriazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide; OS: overall survival; PECAM1/CD31: platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1; PIK3C3: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; qPCR: quantitative PCR; RFP: red fluorescent protein; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; UBXN1: UBX domain protein 1; Ub: ubiquitin; ULK2: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 2; USP14: ubiquitin specific peptidase 14; USP2: ubiquitin specific peptidase 2; USP5: ubiquitin specific peptidase 5; USP7: ubiquitin specific peptidase 7; ZnCl2: zinc chloride.	Adenosine	600-609	ubiquitin specific peptidase 2	Homo sapiens	58-62
35124003-4	2022	Here we investigated adenosine deamination to inosine (A-to-I RNA editing) in the miR-379-410 cluster by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes as a possible mechanism modulating the expression and activity of these miRNAs in a brain-specific manner.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	105-138
35124003-4	2022	Here we investigated adenosine deamination to inosine (A-to-I RNA editing) in the miR-379-410 cluster by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes as a possible mechanism modulating the expression and activity of these miRNAs in a brain-specific manner.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	140-144
35530410-4	2022	To determine whether OPN can affect sperm during sperm capacitation, we examined cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations after sperm capacitation, and the results showed that OPN significantly increased the cAMP concentration in sperm (p < 0.05).	Adenosine	88-97	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	188-191
35104569-7	2022	Moreover, luminal accumulation of the Oat3 and Mrp4 substrate, 8-(2-(fluoresceinyl)aminoethylthio) adenosine-3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (8-(fluo)-cAMP), was reduced by substrates/inhibitors of Oat3 and Mrp4.	Adenosine	99-108	solute carrier family 22 member 8	Rattus norvegicus	38-42
35104569-7	2022	Moreover, luminal accumulation of the Oat3 and Mrp4 substrate, 8-(2-(fluoresceinyl)aminoethylthio) adenosine-3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (8-(fluo)-cAMP), was reduced by substrates/inhibitors of Oat3 and Mrp4.	Adenosine	99-108	solute carrier family 22 member 8	Rattus norvegicus	193-197
35227162-0	2022	The role of p53 and p21 on 8-chloro-adenosine-induced cellular response.	Adenosine	36-45	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	20-23
35212809-0	2022	CD73 controls ocular adenosine levels and protects retina from light-induced phototoxicity.	Adenosine	21-30	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
35212809-6	2022	The relevance of the CD73-adenosine pathway was confirmed by flash electroretinography showing that pharmacological inhibition of adenosine production by injection of highly selective CD73 inhibitor PSB-12489 in the vitreous cavity of dark-adapted mouse eyes rendered the animals hypersensitive to prolonged bright light, manifested as decreased a-wave and b-wave amplitudes.	Adenosine	26-35	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	21-25
35212809-8	2022	Our study thus defines ocular adenosine metabolism as a complex and spatially integrated network and further characterizes the critical role of CD73 in maintaining the functional activity of retinal cells.	Adenosine	30-39	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	144-148
35199627-1	2022	Extracellular adenosine is produced from ATP by CD39 and CD73, and can modulate tumor development by acting on cancer cells or immune cells.	Adenosine	14-23	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
35001076-3	2022	Our metabolic enzyme screen indicated that elevated expression of CD73, an ecto-5"-nucleotidase that generates adenosine, correlates with increased aggressiveness.	Adenosine	111-120	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	66-70
35001076-3	2022	Our metabolic enzyme screen indicated that elevated expression of CD73, an ecto-5"-nucleotidase that generates adenosine, correlates with increased aggressiveness.	Adenosine	111-120	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	75-95
35066738-2	2022	Methyltransferase-like protein 3 (METTL3) catalyzes the formation of N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) and participates in various biological processes.	Adenosine	79-88	methyltransferase-like 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-32
35066738-2	2022	Methyltransferase-like protein 3 (METTL3) catalyzes the formation of N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) and participates in various biological processes.	Adenosine	79-88	methyltransferase-like 3	Rattus norvegicus	34-40
35060905-1	2022	Methyltransferase like-3 (METTL3) and METTL14 complex transfers a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to N6 amino group of adenosine bases in RNA (m6A) and DNA (m6dA).	Adenosine	129-138	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	0-24
35060905-1	2022	Methyltransferase like-3 (METTL3) and METTL14 complex transfers a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to N6 amino group of adenosine bases in RNA (m6A) and DNA (m6dA).	Adenosine	129-138	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	26-32
35064115-0	2022	Adenosine receptor 2a agonists target mouse CD11c+T-bet+ B cells in infection and autoimmunity.	Adenosine	0-9	T-box transcription factor 21	Homo sapiens	50-55
35095914-1	2021	Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP)-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS), along with the adaptor stimulator of interferon genes (STING), are crucial components of the innate immune system, and their study has become a research hotspot in recent years.	Adenosine	37-46	cyclic GMP-AMP synthase	Homo sapiens	85-89
35012429-0	2022	N(6)-adenosine-methyltransferase-14 promotes glioma tumorigenesis by repressing argininosuccinate synthase 1 expression in an m6A-dependent manner.	Adenosine	5-14	argininosuccinate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	80-108
35012429-8	2022	Furthermore, we found that ASS1 was a target of N(6)-adenosine-methyltransferase-14 (METTL14)-mediated N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification.	Adenosine	53-62	argininosuccinate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
35113333-6	2022	A key mechanism is tubuloglomerular feedback in which SGLT2 inhibitors cause more sodium to pass along the nephron: the sodium is sensed by macula cells which act via adenosine to constrict afferent glomerular arterioles, thereby protecting glomeruli by reducing intraglomerular pressure.	Adenosine	167-176	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	54-59
2477235-7	1989	The effects of adenosine on both TSH- and IGF-I-stimulated DNA synthesis are shared by guanosine and inosine, although with different potencies for the various guanine nucleosides.	Adenosine	15-24	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-47
2477235-9	1989	Adenosine interacts with multiple receptors and with multiple postreceptor pathways in FRTL5 to produce divergent effects on the control of cell replication by two growth factors (TSH and IGF-I) that act through different postreceptor pathways.	Adenosine	0-9	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	188-193
2560235-9	1989	An interesting consequence of these events would be an increased production of adenosine in the direct vicinity of some of its putative targets, the glomerular arterioles and the erythropoietin-producing cells.	Adenosine	79-88	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	179-193
2550263-4	1989	The adenosine (50 microM)-mediated hyperpolarization and decrease in input resistance as well as the adenosine-mediated inhibition of low calcium-induced bursting in pyramidal CA1 neurons were virtually abolished.	Adenosine	101-110	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	176-179
2550263-7	1989	The inhibitory effect of adenosine on field excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)s evoked in the CA1 region was unaltered by PTX pretreatment.	Adenosine	25-34	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
2542083-2	1989	Basal NE action was not totally abolished whereas the permissive action of adenosine and PIA was completely abolished by pretreatment of the cells with islet-activating protein (IAP), pertussis toxin.	Adenosine	75-84	magnesium transporter 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-176
2542083-2	1989	Basal NE action was not totally abolished whereas the permissive action of adenosine and PIA was completely abolished by pretreatment of the cells with islet-activating protein (IAP), pertussis toxin.	Adenosine	75-84	magnesium transporter 1	Rattus norvegicus	178-181
2721578-3	1989	More sensitive to the action of THA was the outward K+ current activated in CA1 neurones by 5-HT, adenosine and baclofen.	Adenosine	98-107	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
2521786-4	1989	This specific inhibition, plus evidence from fluorescence quenching and photoaffinity labeling, suggests that actin binds at the adenosine activation sites of PFK.	Adenosine	129-138	actin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	110-115
2566586-7	1989	Also, the A1-selective adenosine agonist (-)-N6-(R-phenylisopropyl)-adenosine (R-PIA) eliminated the arteriolar constriction.	Adenosine	23-32	RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2	Homo sapiens	81-84
2854533-3	1988	Inhibition of 5"-nucleotidase activity with alpha, beta-methylene adenosine 5"-diphosphate (AMPCP), to reduce available endogenous adenosine, caused a dose-dependent inhibition of the fertilizing ability of partially capacitated spermatozoa, which was significant with 100 and 250 microM AMPCP.	Adenosine	66-75	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	14-29
3412493-0	1988	Endogenous adenosine inhibits hippocampal CA1 neurones: further evidence from extra- and intracellular recording.	Adenosine	11-20	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
3412493-11	1988	We conclude that endogenous adenosine, release by a calcium independent mechanism, can exert an inhibitory tone on CA1 neurones in vitro.	Adenosine	28-37	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	115-118
3394583-9	1988	Since asthmatics show increased hyperreagibility (bronchospasm) to inhalation of adenosine, the inhibition of PIA-induced contraction by azelastine indicates that the drug may be worthwhile in the treatment bronchial hyperreactivity in asthmatic patients.	Adenosine	81-90	RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2	Homo sapiens	110-113
3359424-2	1988	A 24-h exposure of murine LC3, TA3 and B16 cells and human MeWo and K562 cells to 1-10 microM periodate-oxidized adenosine had a very slight inhibitory effect upon DNA methylation.	Adenosine	113-122	microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha	Mus musculus	26-29
2850603-4	1988	NECA greater than 2-chloroadenosine greater than adenosine greater than (-)-R-PIA greater than (+)-S-PIA increased platelet cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in a dose-dependent fashion.	Adenosine	26-35	RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2	Homo sapiens	101-104
3441311-2	1987	Iterative focal injections of 2-chloroadenosine, a stable analogue of adenosine, protect against selective hippocampal CA1 loss (P less than 0.01), when given either immediately before ischaemia and after 4 and 10 h of reperfusion or after 1 min, 4 h and 10 h of reperfusion.	Adenosine	38-47	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
2825915-2	1987	The relative contribution of direct effects of adenosine upon CA1 pyramidal neurons (hyperpolarization, increased conductance) was evaluated by comparing the effects of superfused adenosine on EPSP amplitude, and on depolarizing responses to local application of glutamate.	Adenosine	47-56	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
2420658-6	1986	Theophylline and MIX attenuated adenosine inhibition of cAMP accumulation.	Adenosine	32-41	Mix paired-like homeobox	Homo sapiens	17-20
3003929-5	1986	Biochemical studies with AK from the mutant cells show that in comparison to the wild-type enzyme, the mutant enzymes required much higher concentrations of the adenosine analog N7-(delta 2-isopentenyl) formycin A for similar inhibition of [3H]adenosine phosphorylation.	Adenosine	161-170	adenosine kinase	Cricetulus griseus	25-27
3003929-6	1986	These results indicate that AK from the Fomr mutants has lower affinity for phosphorylation of adenosine analogs in comparison to the enzyme from the parental cells.	Adenosine	95-104	adenosine kinase	Cricetulus griseus	28-30
3004411-0	1985	Covalent labelling of ligand binding sites of human placental S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase with 8-azido derivatives of adenosine and cyclic AMP.	Adenosine	123-132	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	62-94
3004411-1	1985	S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase) has previously been identified as a cytoplasmic adenosine and cyclic AMP binding protein.	Adenosine	93-102	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	0-32
3004411-1	1985	S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase) has previously been identified as a cytoplasmic adenosine and cyclic AMP binding protein.	Adenosine	93-102	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	34-43
3004411-3	1985	8-Azidoadenosine (8-N3-Ado), like adenosine, inactivated AdoHcyase, and the rate of inactivation was greatly increased by periodate oxidation.	Adenosine	7-16	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	57-66
3004411-7	1985	Two observations suggested that cyclic AMP and adenosine bind to the same sites on AdoHcyase.	Adenosine	47-56	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	83-92
4052045-11	1985	The rate of adenosine binding and the sensitivity of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase to inactivation by adenosine were both diminished in the absence of dithiothreitol.	Adenosine	105-114	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	53-85
4008102-3	1985	One substitution of a thymidine for an adenosine was found at position 1069 of the 2898 nucleotide sequence in a restriction endonuclease (SacI) fragment, which corresponds to the second base of the 61st codon of the gene encoding P21 protein.	Adenosine	39-48	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	231-234
2984303-1	1985	Zymosan particle-stimulated beta-galactosidase secretion by mouse peritoneal macrophages was found to be inhibited by micromolar concentrations of adenosine, AMP, ADP, and ATP.	Adenosine	147-156	galactosidase, beta 1	Mus musculus	28-46
3878116-0	1985	Inhibition of interleukin-2 messenger RNA in mouse lymphocytes by 2"-deoxycoformycin and adenosine metabolites.	Adenosine	89-98	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	14-27
6098837-1	1984	Adenosine and its analogs (-)-N6-phenylisopropyladenosine and 5"-N-ethylcarboxamideadenosine inhibit cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity in guinea-pig atrial and ventricular preparations at concentrations of 100 mumol l-1 and higher.	Adenosine	0-9	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Cavia porcellus	101-105
6098837-3	1984	However, inhibition of cAMP breakdown may compensate for the adenosine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase and may thus at least partially explain why with this drug no changes in cAMP or cGMP content have previously been observed in intact cardiac tissue.	Adenosine	61-70	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Cavia porcellus	23-27
6089755-2	1984	This effect of glucagon was abolished by either PIA [N6-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine] (100nM) or adenosine (10 microM).	Adenosine	73-82	RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2	Homo sapiens	48-51
6330251-7	1984	For B-lymphoblasts, 2"-deoxyadenosine together with adenosine produces comparable growth inhibition of wild-type and adenosine kinase-deficient cells, and this inhibition is more marked than with adenosine alone, but is independent of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase activity.	Adenosine	28-37	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	235-267
6319628-0	1984	DARPP-32, a dopamine- and adenosine 3":5"-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein enriched in dopamine-innervated brain regions.	Adenosine	26-35	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B	Bos taurus	0-8
6462692-3	1984	Prebiotic syntheses of adenine from HCN, of D,L-ribose from adenosine, and of adenosine from adenine and D-ribose have in fact been demonstrated.	Adenosine	78-87	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	36-39
6412668-0	1983	Concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid and adenosine in the CSF in progressive myoclonus epilepsy without Lafora"s bodies.	Adenosine	46-55	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	63-66
6306018-7	1983	In contrast, the rate of conversion of adenosine to nucleotides by adenosine kinase-deficient cells increased linearly up to a concentration of 400 microM adenosine, with the consequence that, at this concentration, these cells took up adenosine almost as rapidly as wild-type cells.	Adenosine	39-48	adenosine kinase	Cricetulus griseus	67-83
6306018-9	1983	We conclude that adenosine is converted to nucleotides in adenosine kinase-deficient cells via adenine.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine kinase	Cricetulus griseus	58-74
7079734-3	1982	The activity of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase is dependent in vivo on that of adenosine deaminase, since the substrates for the deaminase, adenosine and deoxyadenosine, respectively, inhibit and inactivate S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase in genetic or drug-induced adenosine deaminase deficiency.	Adenosine	81-90	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	16-48
7079734-3	1982	The activity of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase is dependent in vivo on that of adenosine deaminase, since the substrates for the deaminase, adenosine and deoxyadenosine, respectively, inhibit and inactivate S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase in genetic or drug-induced adenosine deaminase deficiency.	Adenosine	81-90	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	209-241
7079734-5	1982	In addition, the unusual capacity of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase to form stable complexes with adenosine and its cofactor, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, suggest that evolution of its gene may have involved recombination of a portion of the adenosine deaminase gene with an adenine nucleotide domain-coding sequence of another preexisting gene.	Adenosine	100-109	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	37-69
7170303-1	1982	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase catalyses the synthesis of S-adenosyl-homocysteine (AdoHcy) from adenosine (Ado) and L-homocysteine (L-Hcy) in the absence of other enzymes, such adenosine deaminase, using Ado or L-Hcy as a substrate.	Adenosine	101-110	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	0-35
7170303-1	1982	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase catalyses the synthesis of S-adenosyl-homocysteine (AdoHcy) from adenosine (Ado) and L-homocysteine (L-Hcy) in the absence of other enzymes, such adenosine deaminase, using Ado or L-Hcy as a substrate.	Adenosine	88-91	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	0-35
7170303-1	1982	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase catalyses the synthesis of S-adenosyl-homocysteine (AdoHcy) from adenosine (Ado) and L-homocysteine (L-Hcy) in the absence of other enzymes, such adenosine deaminase, using Ado or L-Hcy as a substrate.	Adenosine	112-115	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	0-35
7306081-0	1981	Role of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase in adenosine metabolism in mammalian heart.	Adenosine	44-53	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	8-40
715439-0	1978	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase is an adenosine-binding protein: a target for adenosine toxicity.	Adenosine	39-48	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	0-32
307279-3	1978	Variants lacking hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase or adenine phosphoribosyltransferase are sensitive to the killing action of adenosine.	Adenosine	141-150	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	17-64
187132-8	1976	The inhibitory effect of cAMP appeared to be nonspecific and was presumably related to adenosine in its molecule.	Adenosine	87-96	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Cavia porcellus	25-29
10793738-2	1974	The mechanism of formation of this novel nucleoside was elucidated using adenosine tritiated at C-8 and C-2, and was found to deformylate exclusively at C-2.	Adenosine	73-82	complement C2	Rattus norvegicus	153-156
4361287-0	1974	The effect of adenosine analogues on the ATP-pyrophosphate exchange reaction catalysed by methionyl-tRNA synthetase.	Adenosine	14-23	methionyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	90-115
33689926-3	2021	Mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) acquired an increased ability to enhance Th17 autoimmune responses after exposure to gammadelta T cells; meanwhile, after exposure, a significant portion of the BMDCs expressed CD73 - a molecule that is fundamental in the conversion of immunostimulatory ATP into immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	331-340	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	227-231
33689926-7	2021	gammadelta T cells more effectively induced CD73+ BMDCs from the BMDCs that were pre-exposed to TLR ligands, and the response was further augmented by adenosine.	Adenosine	151-160	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	44-48
34048638-8	2021	RESULTS: We determined the crystal structure of a mammalian FAM46C protein at 2.35 A, and confirmed that FAM46C preferentially consumed adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and extended A-rich RNA substrates.	Adenosine	136-145	terminal nucleotidyltransferase 5C	Homo sapiens	60-66
34048638-8	2021	RESULTS: We determined the crystal structure of a mammalian FAM46C protein at 2.35 A, and confirmed that FAM46C preferentially consumed adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and extended A-rich RNA substrates.	Adenosine	136-145	terminal nucleotidyltransferase 5C	Homo sapiens	105-111
34001607-7	2021	To control the quality of these expanding proteomes, core chaperones, ranging from heat shock proteins 20 (HSP20s) that prevent aggregation to HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, and HSP100 acting as adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-fueled unfolding and refolding machines, also evolved.	Adenosine	185-194	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	157-162
33993290-6	2021	Pharmacological inhibition of ENTPD1 (by POM-1) significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines evoked by ATP treatment, suggesting that metabolites of ATP, including adenosine, are likely involved.	Adenosine	168-177	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	30-36
34012727-5	2021	By activating hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), regulating the adenosine (Ado)-A2aR pathway, regulating the glycolytic pathway, and driving epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and other biological pathways, hypoxia regulates the expression levels of CTLA4, PD1, PDL1, CD47, lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM3), and other immune checkpoints, which interfere with the immune effector cell anti-tumor response and provide convenient conditions for tumors to escape immune surveillance.	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	91-95
34012727-5	2021	By activating hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), regulating the adenosine (Ado)-A2aR pathway, regulating the glycolytic pathway, and driving epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and other biological pathways, hypoxia regulates the expression levels of CTLA4, PD1, PDL1, CD47, lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM3), and other immune checkpoints, which interfere with the immune effector cell anti-tumor response and provide convenient conditions for tumors to escape immune surveillance.	Adenosine	86-89	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	91-95
33957564-1	2021	Despite the renal expression of P2Y12, the purinergic receptor for adenosine diphosphate, few data are available to discuss the renotherapeutic potential of ticagrelor, one of its reversible blockers.	Adenosine	67-76	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Rattus norvegicus	32-37
33460629-1	2021	CD39 and CD73 control cell immunity by hydrolyzing proinflammatory ATP and ADP (CD39) into AMP, subsequently converted into anti-inflammatory adenosine (CD73).	Adenosine	142-151	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
33524787-4	2021	The main components of this system that will be presented in this review are: P1 and P2 receptors and the enzymatic cascade composed by CD39 (NTPDase; with ATP and ADP as a substrate), CD73 (5"-nucleotidase; with AMP as a substrate), and adenosine deaminase (ADA; with adenosine as a substrate).	Adenosine	238-247	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	136-140
32632892-11	2021	Inhibition of A2aR attenuated adenosine inhibition of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) in the OGD/R model, while it enhanced adenosine inhibition of GJIC in the glutamate model, depending on the glutamate concentration.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	14-18
32632892-13	2021	Taken together, the results indicate that adenosine plays a role of anti-excitatory toxicity effect in protection against neuronal death and the functional recovery of ischemic stroke mainly by targeting astrocytes, which are closely related to A2aR.	Adenosine	42-51	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	245-249
33661342-2	2021	Among proteins performing metabolic adaptation to the various cellular nutrient conditions, liver kinase B 1 (LKB1) and its main downstream target adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKalpha) are important sensors of energy requirements within the cell.	Adenosine	147-156	serine/threonine kinase 11	Homo sapiens	92-108
33661342-2	2021	Among proteins performing metabolic adaptation to the various cellular nutrient conditions, liver kinase B 1 (LKB1) and its main downstream target adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKalpha) are important sensors of energy requirements within the cell.	Adenosine	147-156	serine/threonine kinase 11	Homo sapiens	110-114
33444676-1	2021	Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), a member of the Sirtuin family, acts as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent protein deacetylase, mono-adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosyltransferase, and fatty acid deacylase, and plays critical roles in inflammation, aging, glycolysis, and DNA repair.	Adenosine	135-144	sirtuin 6	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
33444676-1	2021	Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), a member of the Sirtuin family, acts as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent protein deacetylase, mono-adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosyltransferase, and fatty acid deacylase, and plays critical roles in inflammation, aging, glycolysis, and DNA repair.	Adenosine	135-144	sirtuin 6	Rattus norvegicus	11-16
33925516-1	2021	Recently, we found that the expressions of adenosine (ADO) receptors A2AR and A2BR and the ectonucleotidase CD73 which is needed for the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and the extracellular ADO level are increased in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells and RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells compared to normal cells or non-TNBC cells.	Adenosine	43-52	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	69-73
33925516-1	2021	Recently, we found that the expressions of adenosine (ADO) receptors A2AR and A2BR and the ectonucleotidase CD73 which is needed for the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and the extracellular ADO level are increased in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells and RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells compared to normal cells or non-TNBC cells.	Adenosine	54-57	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	69-73
33925516-1	2021	Recently, we found that the expressions of adenosine (ADO) receptors A2AR and A2BR and the ectonucleotidase CD73 which is needed for the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and the extracellular ADO level are increased in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells and RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells compared to normal cells or non-TNBC cells.	Adenosine	151-160	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	69-73
33986681-0	2021	Annexin A2-Mediated Plasminogen Activation in Endothelial Cells Contributes to the Proangiogenic Effect of Adenosine A2A Receptors.	Adenosine	107-116	annexin A2	Homo sapiens	0-10
33925341-7	2021	ABCC6 facilitates the cellular efflux of ATP, which is rapidly converted into inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) and adenosine by the ectonucleotidases NPP1 and CD73 (NT5E).	Adenosine	112-121	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Mus musculus	147-151
33925341-7	2021	ABCC6 facilitates the cellular efflux of ATP, which is rapidly converted into inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) and adenosine by the ectonucleotidases NPP1 and CD73 (NT5E).	Adenosine	112-121	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	156-160
33925341-7	2021	ABCC6 facilitates the cellular efflux of ATP, which is rapidly converted into inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) and adenosine by the ectonucleotidases NPP1 and CD73 (NT5E).	Adenosine	112-121	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	162-166
33721028-1	2021	The hydrolytic deamination of adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) by RNA editing is a widespread post-transcriptional modification catalyzed by the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) family of proteins.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	142-175
33721028-1	2021	The hydrolytic deamination of adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) by RNA editing is a widespread post-transcriptional modification catalyzed by the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) family of proteins.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	177-181
33923845-3	2021	In this study, a four-enzyme cascade consisting of ScADK, AjPPK2, and SmPPK2 for ATP synthesis from adenosine coupled to the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) catalyzing cyclic GMP-AMP (2"3"-cGAMP) formation was successfully developed.	Adenosine	100-109	cyclic GMP-AMP synthase	Homo sapiens	125-148
33936090-4	2021	Surface CD38 expression is increased in different hematological and solid tumors, where it cooperates with other ecto-enzymes to produce the immunosuppressive molecule adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	168-177	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	8-12
33936090-4	2021	Surface CD38 expression is increased in different hematological and solid tumors, where it cooperates with other ecto-enzymes to produce the immunosuppressive molecule adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	179-182	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	8-12
33936090-6	2021	We therefore discuss these novel findings, examining the possible contribution of NAD+ depletion, along with ADO production, in the immunosuppressive activities of CD38 in the context of human tumors.	Adenosine	109-112	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	164-168
33782089-2	2021	One form of Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome caused by inactivating mutations in ADAR results in reduced adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing of endogenous dsRNAs, induction of IFNs, IFN-stimulated genes, other inflammatory mediators, morbidity, and mortality.	Adenosine	99-108	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	75-79
33846332-1	2021	Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing catalyzed by ADAR enzymes occurs in double-stranded RNAs.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	55-59
33848530-2	2021	Regulatory T cells (Tregs) promote cSCC carcinogenesis and in other solid tumors, infiltrating Tregs and CD8+ T cells express ENTPD1 (also known as CD39), an ecto-enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in converting extracellular ATP to extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	257-266	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	126-132
33848530-2	2021	Regulatory T cells (Tregs) promote cSCC carcinogenesis and in other solid tumors, infiltrating Tregs and CD8+ T cells express ENTPD1 (also known as CD39), an ecto-enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in converting extracellular ATP to extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	257-266	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	148-152
33848530-5	2021	We found increased ENTPD1 expression on T cells within cSCCs when compared to T cells from blood or non-lesional skin and accordingly, concentrations of derivative extracellular ADP, AMP, and adenosine are increased in tumors compared to normal skin.	Adenosine	192-201	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	19-25
33848530-8	2021	Finally, increased extracellular adenosine is shown to downregulate the expression of NAP1L2, a nucleosome assembly protein we show to be important for DDR secondary to UVR.	Adenosine	33-42	nucleosome assembly protein 1 like 2	Homo sapiens	86-92
33653875-2	2021	Cellular sensitivity to Hh ligands is influenced by heterotrimeric G protein activity, which controls production of the second messenger 3",5"-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).	Adenosine	150-159	hedgehog	Drosophila melanogaster	24-26
32728184-1	2021	RNA editing-primarily conversion of adenosine to inosine (A > I)-is a widespread posttranscriptional mechanism, mediated by Adenosine Deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes to alter the RNA sequence of primary transcripts.	Adenosine	36-45	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	124-158
32728184-1	2021	RNA editing-primarily conversion of adenosine to inosine (A > I)-is a widespread posttranscriptional mechanism, mediated by Adenosine Deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes to alter the RNA sequence of primary transcripts.	Adenosine	36-45	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	160-164
33982476-5	2021	MTX-induced hepatotoxicity mechanisms include folate pathway, oxidative stress damage and adenosine pathway, of which oxidative stress theory is the main research direction.	Adenosine	90-99	metaxin 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
33242622-15	2021	WAS inhibited the production of IL-1beta, but not IL-6, in response to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and monosodium uric acid (MSU) crystals in LPS-primed BMDMs.	Adenosine	71-80	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	32-40
33723056-1	2021	Human adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) catalyzes adenosine-to-inosine deamination reactions on double-stranded RNA molecules to regulate cellular responses to endogenous and exogenous RNA.	Adenosine	6-15	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	43-48
33828561-0	2021	Adenosine Diphosphate Improves Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice Through P2Y12 Receptor Activation.	Adenosine	0-9	purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 12	Mus musculus	70-75
33737640-5	2021	Furthermore, transcriptome detection, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry verification revealed that in thyroid tissue, the relative mRNA and protein expression of cyclic adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP response element-binding protein (Creb) were increased and the mRNA expression of S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) was decreased in the diosgenin groups.	Adenosine	168-177	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	206-222
33737640-5	2021	Furthermore, transcriptome detection, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry verification revealed that in thyroid tissue, the relative mRNA and protein expression of cyclic adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP response element-binding protein (Creb) were increased and the mRNA expression of S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) was decreased in the diosgenin groups.	Adenosine	168-177	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	224-227
33737640-5	2021	Furthermore, transcriptome detection, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry verification revealed that in thyroid tissue, the relative mRNA and protein expression of cyclic adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP response element-binding protein (Creb) were increased and the mRNA expression of S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) was decreased in the diosgenin groups.	Adenosine	168-177	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	233-270
33737640-5	2021	Furthermore, transcriptome detection, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry verification revealed that in thyroid tissue, the relative mRNA and protein expression of cyclic adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP response element-binding protein (Creb) were increased and the mRNA expression of S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) was decreased in the diosgenin groups.	Adenosine	168-177	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	272-276
33334906-2	2021	Although poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have been shown to benefit men with mCRPC harboring DDR defects due to mutations in BRCA1/2 and ATM, additional treatments are necessary because the effects are not durable.	Adenosine	15-24	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	177-180
33706537-9	2021	Furthermore, adenosine DeltaT1 was halved in eNOS-/- (1.76+-1.46, P<0.05) versus WT mice.	Adenosine	13-22	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	45-49
32935303-3	2021	The aim of our study was the evaluation of ATP, AMP, and adenosine extracellular catabolism, catalyzed by ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39), ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), and ecto-adenosine deaminase (eADA) in mouse aortas.	Adenosine	57-66	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	163-183
32935303-3	2021	The aim of our study was the evaluation of ATP, AMP, and adenosine extracellular catabolism, catalyzed by ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39), ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), and ecto-adenosine deaminase (eADA) in mouse aortas.	Adenosine	57-66	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	185-189
32935303-3	2021	The aim of our study was the evaluation of ATP, AMP, and adenosine extracellular catabolism, catalyzed by ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39), ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), and ecto-adenosine deaminase (eADA) in mouse aortas.	Adenosine	201-210	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	163-183
33491264-3	2021	METTL3, a part of N6-adenosine-methyltransferase, has been reported to play an important role in a variety of tumours.	Adenosine	21-30	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	0-6
33423764-4	2021	Here we report the findings that within hours of DNA damages keratinocytes show an innate immune response, which involves the activation of cGAS-STING; a cytosolic DNA receptor, cGAS (cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase), cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase, and DNA sensing adaptor, STING (protein stimulator of interferon genes).	Adenosine	215-224	cyclic GMP-AMP synthase	Homo sapiens	250-281
33124777-8	2021	In addition, CD73 expressing ERCs showed tissue protective function via the regulation of adenosine receptor expression which was related to the infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the allografts.	Adenosine	90-99	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	13-17
32985769-14	2021	These anti-cytotoxicity, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis effects of PDRN can be attributed to the adenosine A2AR enhancing effect on PM10-exposed bronchial cells.	Adenosine	104-113	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	114-118
33516905-3	2021	CD73 is the major enzyme that dephosphorylates extracellular adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to form the anti-inflammatory adenosine.	Adenosine	61-70	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
33516905-3	2021	CD73 is the major enzyme that dephosphorylates extracellular adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to form the anti-inflammatory adenosine.	Adenosine	121-130	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
33516905-11	2021	Female CD73-LKO mice had lower serum albumin (p<0.05) and elevated inflammatory genes (p<0.01) but did not exhibit the spectrum of histopathologic changes in male mice, potentially due to compensatory induction of adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	214-223	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	7-11
33584346-2	2021	The ADO A2A receptor (ADORA2A) and A2B receptor (ADORA2B) are best described to have both tissue-protective and tissue-destructive processes.	Adenosine	4-7	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	22-29
33525350-3	2021	The mammalian adenosine receptor (A2a-R) is known to modulate multiple physiological responses in animal cells.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	34-39
33525350-4	2021	Here, we describe that kinetin binds to the adenosine receptor (A2a-R) through the Asn253 residue in an adenosine dependent manner.	Adenosine	44-53	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	64-69
33525350-4	2021	Here, we describe that kinetin binds to the adenosine receptor (A2a-R) through the Asn253 residue in an adenosine dependent manner.	Adenosine	104-113	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	64-69
33477467-6	2021	The results showed that under the action of adenosine-triphosphate (ATP), rTSST-1 significantly induced interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production in mouse macrophages and the production was dose-dependent.	Adenosine	44-53	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	123-131
33467093-5	2021	In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the RNA polyadenylate binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) interacts with a unique 22 nt adenosine stretch adjacent to the intron 9 poly(A) signal and regulates KCNH2 pre-mRNA alternative polyadenylation and the relative expression of Kv11.1a C-terminal isoforms.	Adenosine	132-141	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	53-92
33467093-5	2021	In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the RNA polyadenylate binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) interacts with a unique 22 nt adenosine stretch adjacent to the intron 9 poly(A) signal and regulates KCNH2 pre-mRNA alternative polyadenylation and the relative expression of Kv11.1a C-terminal isoforms.	Adenosine	132-141	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	94-100
33467093-5	2021	In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the RNA polyadenylate binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) interacts with a unique 22 nt adenosine stretch adjacent to the intron 9 poly(A) signal and regulates KCNH2 pre-mRNA alternative polyadenylation and the relative expression of Kv11.1a C-terminal isoforms.	Adenosine	132-141	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	204-209
33467093-5	2021	In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the RNA polyadenylate binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) interacts with a unique 22 nt adenosine stretch adjacent to the intron 9 poly(A) signal and regulates KCNH2 pre-mRNA alternative polyadenylation and the relative expression of Kv11.1a C-terminal isoforms.	Adenosine	132-141	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	278-282
33309808-7	2021	RESULTS: Here, we found that the mRNA and protein levels of NEK7 and NLRP3 inflammasomes were upregulated in spinal cord tissues of injured mice and BV-2 microglia cells exposed to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP).	Adenosine	210-219	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	69-74
33319990-3	2021	Using in silico docking, we predict key binding interactions for these analogues within the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding site of PI4K and PKG, paving the way for structure-based optimization of imidazopyridazines targeting both Plasmodium PI4K and PKG.	Adenosine	92-101	protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1	Homo sapiens	146-149
33319990-3	2021	Using in silico docking, we predict key binding interactions for these analogues within the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding site of PI4K and PKG, paving the way for structure-based optimization of imidazopyridazines targeting both Plasmodium PI4K and PKG.	Adenosine	92-101	protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1	Homo sapiens	256-259
33416945-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Adenosine and its adenosine 2A receptors (A2AR) mediate the immunosuppressive mechanism by which tumors escape immunosurveillance and impede anti-tumor immunity within the tumor microenvironment.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	54-58
33416945-2	2021	However, we do not know whether the adenosine pathway (CD39/CD73/A2AR) plays a role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).	Adenosine	36-45	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	55-59
33416945-2	2021	However, we do not know whether the adenosine pathway (CD39/CD73/A2AR) plays a role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).	Adenosine	36-45	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	65-69
33098857-2	2021	In inflammatory microenvironments, exogenous ATP (eATP) is hydrolyzed to adenosine, which exerts immunosuppressive effects, by the consecutive action of the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	73-82	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	175-179
33418913-4	2021	Recent data suggest that, among the potential mechanisms behind the lack of responsiveness or resistance to anti-PD-L1/PD-1 antibodies, the CD38 metabolic pathways involving the immune-suppressive factor, adenosine, could play an important role.	Adenosine	205-214	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	113-118
33418913-4	2021	Recent data suggest that, among the potential mechanisms behind the lack of responsiveness or resistance to anti-PD-L1/PD-1 antibodies, the CD38 metabolic pathways involving the immune-suppressive factor, adenosine, could play an important role.	Adenosine	205-214	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	140-144
33356364-0	2021	Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Improves Impaired Fatty Acid Oxidation Via the Activation of Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase-alpha - Proliferator-Activated Receptor-r Coactivator-1alpha Signaling in Skeletal Muscle of Mice With Heart Failure.	Adenosine	95-104	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	0-33
33356364-2	2021	Since BDNF is reported to enhance fatty acid oxidation, we herein conducted an in vivo investigation to determine whether the improvement in exercise capacity is due to the enhancement of the fatty acid oxidation of skeletal muscle via the AMPKalpha-PGC1alpha (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-alpha-proliferator-activated receptor-r coactivator-1alpha) axis.	Adenosine	261-270	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	6-10
33463071-7	2021	Further analysis reveals that adenosine-A2B adenosine receptor-PI3K-AKT-Foxo1 cascade is a possible mechanism of CD73 regulation.	Adenosine	30-39	forkhead box O1	Mus musculus	72-77
33463071-7	2021	Further analysis reveals that adenosine-A2B adenosine receptor-PI3K-AKT-Foxo1 cascade is a possible mechanism of CD73 regulation.	Adenosine	30-39	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	113-117
33463071-7	2021	Further analysis reveals that adenosine-A2B adenosine receptor-PI3K-AKT-Foxo1 cascade is a possible mechanism of CD73 regulation.	Adenosine	44-53	forkhead box O1	Mus musculus	72-77
33463071-7	2021	Further analysis reveals that adenosine-A2B adenosine receptor-PI3K-AKT-Foxo1 cascade is a possible mechanism of CD73 regulation.	Adenosine	44-53	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	113-117
32582954-6	2021	METHODS: NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages from IL-37d transgenic (IL-37dtg) and control wild type (WT) mice were activated by lipopolysaccharide and adenosine 5"-triphosphate.	Adenosine	150-159	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	9-14
32663496-1	2021	BACKGROUND & AIMS: In autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) imbalance between Treg and Th17-cells has been linked to low levels of CD39, an ectoenzyme that hydrolyses ATP ultimately generating immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	200-209	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	120-124
32203145-4	2021	CD39 and CD73 convert extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into adenosine, a key player in Tregs" immunosuppression.	Adenosine	36-45	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
32203145-4	2021	CD39 and CD73 convert extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into adenosine, a key player in Tregs" immunosuppression.	Adenosine	70-79	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
32203145-9	2021	Overall, we found that ATLL cells express CD39 at a high rate, and our results suggest that this helps ATLL cells escape antitumor immunity through the extracellular ATPDase-Adenosine cascade.	Adenosine	174-183	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	166-173
32729076-0	2021	Adenosine-to-Inosine RNA Editing Enzyme ADAR and microRNAs.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	40-44
32729086-1	2021	The type I interferonopathies comprise a heterogenous group of monogenic diseases associated with a constitutive activation of type I interferon signaling.The elucidation of the genetic causes of this group of diseases revealed an alteration of nucleic acid processing and signaling.ADAR1 is among the genes found mutated in patients with this type of disorders.This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosines in inosines within a double-stranded RNA target (RNA editing of A to I).	Adenosine	414-424	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	283-288
33302272-2	2021	However, the initial time window of STAT3-induced calcium hemostasis, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in H2O2PoC, and its regulated mechanism remain unknown.	Adenosine	122-131	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	36-41
33415135-2	2020	Of the various types of RNA editing, the adenosine to inosine substitution is the most widespread in higher eukaryotes, which is mediated by the ADAR family enzymes.	Adenosine	41-50	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	145-149
33166411-4	2020	Here, using helicase and adenosine triphosphatase assays we show that a complex containing p44 and p62 enhances XPD"s affinity for dsDNA 3-fold over p44 alone.	Adenosine	25-34	ERCC excision repair 2, TFIIH core complex helicase subunit	Homo sapiens	112-115
33322166-4	2020	We performed molecular modeling of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-induced tau aggregation in order to successfully validate the concept of helical tau filament formation.	Adenosine	35-44	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	72-75
33322166-4	2020	We performed molecular modeling of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-induced tau aggregation in order to successfully validate the concept of helical tau filament formation.	Adenosine	35-44	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	145-148
33322210-1	2020	Recent efforts to determine the high-resolution crystal structures for the adenosine receptors (A1R and A2AR) have utilized modifications to the native receptors in order to facilitate receptor crystallization and structure determination.	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	104-108
33322215-8	2020	In contrast to in vitro studies, specific upregulation of ADO-related enzymes CD73 and CD39 in GLUT-1high tumor regions was never observed.	Adenosine	58-61	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	87-91
33296647-1	2020	Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP)-AMP synthase (cGAS), upon sensing cytosolic DNA, catalyzes the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP), which activates STING-TBK1-IRF3 signaling.	Adenosine	145-154	cyclic GMP-AMP synthase	Homo sapiens	51-55
33296647-1	2020	Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP)-AMP synthase (cGAS), upon sensing cytosolic DNA, catalyzes the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP), which activates STING-TBK1-IRF3 signaling.	Adenosine	145-154	TANK binding kinase 1	Homo sapiens	200-204
33488292-10	2020	These results suggest that persistent infection by HR-HPV and the concomitant production of TGF-beta promote the expression of CD39 and CD73 to favor CC progression through Ado generation.	Adenosine	173-176	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	127-131
33284729-4	2022	Platelets from untreated blood samples and samples treated with either adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP) had surface GPIbalpha, activated GPIIb-IIIa, and P-selectin levels measured using flow cytometry.	Adenosine	71-80	selectin P	Homo sapiens	192-202
33277478-4	2020	Kae1 catalyzes the universal and essential tRNA modification N6-threonylcarbamoyl adenosine, but the precise roles of all other KEOPS subunits remain an enigma.	Adenosine	82-91	O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase	Homo sapiens	0-4
33343573-1	2020	Previous studies have shown that CD73 is pivotal in the conversion of pro-inflammatory adenosine triphosphate into anti-inflammatory adenosine and that immune cells of the same type that express different levels of CD73 are functionally distinct.	Adenosine	87-96	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	33-37
33343573-1	2020	Previous studies have shown that CD73 is pivotal in the conversion of pro-inflammatory adenosine triphosphate into anti-inflammatory adenosine and that immune cells of the same type that express different levels of CD73 are functionally distinct.	Adenosine	133-142	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	33-37
33343573-3	2020	Bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) do not constantly express CD73; however, a significant portion of the BMDCs expressed CD73 after exposure to Toll-like receptor ligand, leading to stronger Th17 responses by converting adenosine monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	221-230	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	122-126
33354501-4	2020	Indeed, the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase-stimulator of interferon genes-TANK-binding kinase 1 (cGAS-STING-TBK1) axis is now appreciated as the major signaling pathway in innate immune response across different species.	Adenosine	43-52	TANK binding kinase 1	Homo sapiens	107-128
33354501-4	2020	Indeed, the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase-stimulator of interferon genes-TANK-binding kinase 1 (cGAS-STING-TBK1) axis is now appreciated as the major signaling pathway in innate immune response across different species.	Adenosine	43-52	TANK binding kinase 1	Homo sapiens	141-145
32918113-2	2020	Epinephrine released during stress acts via beta 2-adrenergic receptors (beta2-AR or ADRB2) to stimulate the synthesis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the red blood cells (RBCs).	Adenosine	129-138	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	73-81
32822814-2	2020	Of RNA editing events, Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is one of the most frequent types of RNA editing catalyzed by ADAR proteins.	Adenosine	23-32	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	127-131
32448869-1	2020	Adenosine receptors ADORA2A and ADORA3 are part of the adenosine-mediated antiinflammatory pathway and are overexpressed in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	20-27
32448869-1	2020	Adenosine receptors ADORA2A and ADORA3 are part of the adenosine-mediated antiinflammatory pathway and are overexpressed in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA).	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	20-27
33025424-3	2020	Through both inhibitory and excitatory high-affinity receptors (A1R and A2R, respectively), adenosine affects NMDA receptor (NMDAR) function at the hippocampus, but surprisingly, there is a lack of knowledge on the effects of caffeine upon this ionotropic glutamatergic receptor deeply involved in both positive (plasticity) and negative (excitotoxicity) synaptic actions.	Adenosine	92-101	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA1 (zeta 1)	Mus musculus	110-123
33025424-3	2020	Through both inhibitory and excitatory high-affinity receptors (A1R and A2R, respectively), adenosine affects NMDA receptor (NMDAR) function at the hippocampus, but surprisingly, there is a lack of knowledge on the effects of caffeine upon this ionotropic glutamatergic receptor deeply involved in both positive (plasticity) and negative (excitotoxicity) synaptic actions.	Adenosine	92-101	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA1 (zeta 1)	Mus musculus	125-130
33129204-0	2020	Nucleotide P2Y1 receptor agonists are in vitro and in vivo prodrugs of A1/A3 adenosine receptor agonists: implications for roles of P2Y1 and A1/A3 receptors in physiology and pathology.	Adenosine	77-86	purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 1	Mus musculus	11-24
33256812-1	2020	BACKGROUND: Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing plays important roles in diversifying the transcriptome and preventing MDA5 sensing of endogenous dsRNA as nonself.	Adenosine	12-21	interferon induced with helicase C domain 1	Homo sapiens	125-129
33222670-4	2021	Adenosine nucleoside, which is a derivative of ATP, is highly elevated in the tumor microenvironment by CD39 and CD73 enzymatic activity.	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	104-108
33222670-5	2021	Recently, it is distinguished that cancer cellderived exosomes carry CD39 and CD73 on their surface and may contribute to rising adenosine levels in the tumor microenvironment.	Adenosine	129-138	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	69-73
32717630-12	2020	The hemostatic mechanism may involve activation of the P2Y1, P2Y12, and PKC receptors in the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor signaling pathway.	Adenosine	93-102	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Rattus norvegicus	61-66
32539231-10	2020	Platelet P-selectin expression at baseline and in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP, 1 microM) stimulation was higher in nonsplenectomized and splenectomized HbE/beta-thal patients than healthy subjects.	Adenosine	62-71	selectin P	Homo sapiens	9-19
33028694-8	2020	Mechanism studies have shown that DMC can promote ubiquitin degradation of HBx-induced PD-L1 protein in HCC cells by activating adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway.	Adenosine	128-137	X protein	Hepatitis B virus	75-78
32439581-1	2020	Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, catalyzed by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes, is the most frequent type of post-transcriptional nucleotide conversion in humans.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	56-89
32439581-1	2020	Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, catalyzed by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes, is the most frequent type of post-transcriptional nucleotide conversion in humans.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	91-95
32766784-0	2020	Fto-modulated lipid niche regulates adult neurogenesis through modulating adenosine metabolism.	Adenosine	74-83	fat mass and obesity associated	Mus musculus	0-3
32766784-6	2020	Mechanistically, specific deleting Fto in lipid altered gene expression and increased adenosine secretion of adipocytes.	Adenosine	86-95	fat mass and obesity associated	Mus musculus	35-38
32998232-7	2020	Therefore, estrogen regulates the expression and/or pro-angiogenic activity of A2A adenosine receptors, likely involving activation of ERalpha and ERbeta receptors.	Adenosine	83-92	estrogen receptor 1 (alpha)	Mus musculus	135-142
33072107-1	2020	The ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73 play a major role in controlling tissue inflammation by regulating the balance between adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine.	Adenosine	117-126	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	16-20
33072107-1	2020	The ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73 play a major role in controlling tissue inflammation by regulating the balance between adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine.	Adenosine	150-159	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	16-20
33457103-5	2020	In this study, we found the expression of A2a receptor (A2AR) and A2b receptor (A2BR) both upregulated in human-derived CAR-T cells, and only A2AR was responsible for adenosine-induced impairment of CAR-T cell function.	Adenosine	167-176	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	42-54
33457103-5	2020	In this study, we found the expression of A2a receptor (A2AR) and A2b receptor (A2BR) both upregulated in human-derived CAR-T cells, and only A2AR was responsible for adenosine-induced impairment of CAR-T cell function.	Adenosine	167-176	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	142-146
32707188-10	2020	Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) reversed the inhibitory effects of alamandine on the Ang II-induced increases in collagen I, TGF-beta, and CTGF levels.	Adenosine	7-16	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	145-149
32867554-5	2020	Adenosine-mediated purinergic 1 receptor activation, particularly A2AR activation, reduces pulmonary vascular resistance and attenuates pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricle hypertrophy, thereby exerting a protective effect.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	66-70
32611235-2	2020	In human macrophages in vitro, heme activates an adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase / activating transcription factor 1 (AMPK/ATF1) pathway that directs Mhem macrophages through coregulation of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1, HO-1) and lipid homeostasis genes.	Adenosine	49-58	activating transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	140-144
32611235-2	2020	In human macrophages in vitro, heme activates an adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase / activating transcription factor 1 (AMPK/ATF1) pathway that directs Mhem macrophages through coregulation of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1, HO-1) and lipid homeostasis genes.	Adenosine	49-58	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	208-224
32611235-2	2020	In human macrophages in vitro, heme activates an adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase / activating transcription factor 1 (AMPK/ATF1) pathway that directs Mhem macrophages through coregulation of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1, HO-1) and lipid homeostasis genes.	Adenosine	49-58	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	226-231
32611235-2	2020	In human macrophages in vitro, heme activates an adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase / activating transcription factor 1 (AMPK/ATF1) pathway that directs Mhem macrophages through coregulation of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1, HO-1) and lipid homeostasis genes.	Adenosine	49-58	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	233-237
33842005-10	2021	Mechanistically, AAT1 knockdown decreased the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) content in MCs, while SO2 prevented this reduction in a dose-independent manner.	Adenosine	53-62	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
32721947-6	2020	RESULTS: In glioma patients, the adenosine-CD73-CD39 immune suppressive pathway was most frequently expressed, followed by PD-1.	Adenosine	33-42	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
32721947-8	2020	In multiple murine glioma models, including those that express CD73, adenosine receptor inhibitors demonstrated a modest therapeutic response; however, the addition of other inhibitors of the adenosine pathway did not further enhance this therapeutic effect.	Adenosine	69-78	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	63-67
33240987-3	2020	Metformin (MET) has been demonstrated utility as an anti-tumor agent by acting through the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway.	Adenosine	91-100	SAFB like transcription modulator	Homo sapiens	0-9
33240987-3	2020	Metformin (MET) has been demonstrated utility as an anti-tumor agent by acting through the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway.	Adenosine	91-100	SAFB like transcription modulator	Homo sapiens	11-14
32997405-9	2020	In mice subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), exogenous irisin administration suppressed ferroptosis, inhibited inflammatory response, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, restored abnormal mitochondrial morphology, and increased mtDNA copy number and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content.	Adenosine	277-286	fibronectin type III domain containing 5	Homo sapiens	66-72
32828234-2	2020	Pannexin 1 is a mechanosensitive, nonjunctional channel known for its role in adenosine triphosphate release.	Adenosine	78-87	pannexin 1	Mus musculus	0-10
32641760-3	2020	The functional activities of ectonucleotidases such as CD39 and CD73, which hydrolyse pro-inflammatory ATP to generate immunosuppressive adenosine, are therefore pivotal in acute inflammation.	Adenosine	137-146	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	55-59
32061675-6	2020	We first demonstrated that FLAC6 efficiently solubilized three membrane proteins i.e. the native adenosine receptor A2AR, a G protein-coupled receptor, and two native transporters AcrB and BmrA.	Adenosine	97-106	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	116-120
32626969-6	2020	The results demonstrated that the overexpression of ATG4a could promote autophagy by promoting the adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway and inhibiting the Akt pathway.	Adenosine	99-108	autophagy related 4A cysteine peptidase	Homo sapiens	52-57
32724362-7	2020	Inhibition of CD73 by adenosine 5"-(alpha,beta-methylene) diphosphate (APCP) suppressed the severity of CAT with attenuated weight loss, longer colons, lower tumor number and smaller tumor size compared with the model group.	Adenosine	22-31	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	14-18
32889156-4	2020	METHODS: An assay for measuring cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in ASM derived from healthy donors was adapted to provide a biochemical surrogate for ASM relaxation.	Adenosine	39-48	H19 imprinted maternally expressed transcript	Homo sapiens	73-76
32289327-1	2020	Epidemiological evidence suggests that chronic consumption of caffeine, a non-selective antagonist of adenosine A2AR receptors (A2AR), can be neuroprotective in a number of age-related neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer"s disease.	Adenosine	102-111	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	112-116
32556945-0	2020	Immortalization of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells by TERT Affects Adenosine Metabolism and Impairs their Immunosuppressive Capacity.	Adenosine	61-70	telomerase reverse transcriptase	Homo sapiens	48-52
32843840-8	2020	Based on the primary and secondary protein structures, we propose that MMP0253 may function as the adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase to catalyse acetate formation from acetyl-CoA.	Adenosine	99-108	acetate--CoA ligase family protein	Methanococcus maripaludis S2	71-78
32726316-8	2020	Thus despite lacking catalytic activity, it is the modified (adenosine-ribose) substrate binding cleft of Adprhl1 that fulfils an essential role during heart formation.	Adenosine	61-70	ADP-ribosylhydrolase like 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	106-113
32727116-2	2020	Adenosine is released mostly by endothelial cells and myocytes during ischemia or hypoxia and greatly regulates the cardiovascular system via four specific G-protein-coupled receptors named A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	195-199
32719099-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing is a co-transcriptional/post-transcriptional modification of double-stranded RNA, catalysed by one of two active adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs), ADAR1 and ADAR2.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	202-207
32719099-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing is a co-transcriptional/post-transcriptional modification of double-stranded RNA, catalysed by one of two active adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs), ADAR1 and ADAR2.	Adenosine	158-167	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	202-207
32324387-5	2020	Furthermore, the arsenite-elicited diminutions in ubiquitinations of RPS10 and RPS20 gave rise to augmented read-through of poly(adenosine)-containing stalling sequences, which was abolished in ZNF598 knockout cells.	Adenosine	129-138	ribosomal protein S20	Homo sapiens	79-84
32668243-2	2020	Here we apply this approach to the brain and successfully repair a guanosine-to-adenosine mutation in methyl CpG binding protein 2 RNA that causes the neurodevelopmental disease Rett syndrome.	Adenosine	80-89	methyl CpG binding protein 2	Mus musculus	102-130
32760402-4	2020	Indeed, besides immune checkpoint receptors and their ligands, other mechanisms inducing immunosuppression and including adenosine produced by ecto-nucleotidases CD39 and CD73 contribute to lung tumorigenesis and progression.	Adenosine	121-130	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	162-166
32289340-6	2020	Although pharmacological inhibition of A2aR could significantly increase proliferation capacity and cytokine production of huCAR19 T cells following treatment with an adenosine analog, cytotoxic activity of huCAR19 T cells was not significantly improved.	Adenosine	167-176	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	39-43
32432317-3	2020	Hence, this study was conducted to clarify the functional relevance of miR-497-195 cluster in OPLL, which may implicate in Adenosine A2A (ADORA2A).	Adenosine	123-132	OPLL	Homo sapiens	94-98
32432317-3	2020	Hence, this study was conducted to clarify the functional relevance of miR-497-195 cluster in OPLL, which may implicate in Adenosine A2A (ADORA2A).	Adenosine	123-132	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	138-145
32553157-6	2020	The ability to modulate the cytotoxic potential of CD26hiCD94lo Vdelta2+ cells, combined with their adenosine-binding capacity, may make them ideal targets for immunotherapeutic expansion and adoptive transfer.	Adenosine	100-109	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-71
32312837-6	2020	Consistent with these findings, adenosine significantly downregulated TGFbeta signaling on fibroblasts, an effect regulated by A2A and A2B adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	32-41	transforming growth factor alpha	Mus musculus	70-77
32312837-6	2020	Consistent with these findings, adenosine significantly downregulated TGFbeta signaling on fibroblasts, an effect regulated by A2A and A2B adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	139-148	transforming growth factor alpha	Mus musculus	70-77
32522986-0	2020	Author Correction: NADH oxidase-dependent CD39 expression by CD8+ T cells modulates interferon gamma responses via generation of adenosine.	Adenosine	129-138	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	42-46
32391636-7	2020	PRPS1 wild type (WT) showed different resistance to 6-mercaptopurine (6-mp) in different metabolic cells because it could be inhibited by adenosine diphosphate or guanosine diphosphate negative feedback.	Adenosine	138-147	phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
32367441-0	2020	Characterization of the N6-etheno-bridge method to assess extracellular metabolism of adenine nucleotides: detection of a possible role for purine nucleoside phosphorylase in adenosine metabolism.	Adenosine	175-184	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Rattus norvegicus	140-171
32367441-8	2020	N6-etheno-adenosine was partially converted to N6-etheno-adenine in four different cell types; this was blocked by purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNPase) inhibition.	Adenosine	10-19	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Rattus norvegicus	115-146
32367441-8	2020	N6-etheno-adenosine was partially converted to N6-etheno-adenine in four different cell types; this was blocked by purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNPase) inhibition.	Adenosine	10-19	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Rattus norvegicus	148-154
32596399-1	2020	To profile the landscape of methylation N6 adenosine (m6A) RNA regulators in colonic adenocarcinoma (COAD) and to explore potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, we assessed the differential expression patterns of m6A RNA methylation regulators between 418 COAD patients and 41 controls based on profiling from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.	Adenosine	43-52	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	54-57
32456076-4	2020	TOM40 expression positively correlated with intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels.	Adenosine	58-67	translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40	Mus musculus	0-5
32434995-4	2020	Unbiased high-throughput metabolic profiling coupled with in vitro and in vivo flux analyses with isotopically labeled tracers led us to discover that maternal eENT1-dependent adenosine uptake is critical in activating AMPK by controlling the AMP/ATP ratio and its downstream target, bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM); in turn, BPGM mediates 2,3-BPG production, which enhances O2 delivery to maintain placental oxygenation.	Adenosine	176-185	bisphosphoglycerate mutase	Homo sapiens	284-310
32434995-4	2020	Unbiased high-throughput metabolic profiling coupled with in vitro and in vivo flux analyses with isotopically labeled tracers led us to discover that maternal eENT1-dependent adenosine uptake is critical in activating AMPK by controlling the AMP/ATP ratio and its downstream target, bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM); in turn, BPGM mediates 2,3-BPG production, which enhances O2 delivery to maintain placental oxygenation.	Adenosine	176-185	bisphosphoglycerate mutase	Homo sapiens	312-316
32434995-4	2020	Unbiased high-throughput metabolic profiling coupled with in vitro and in vivo flux analyses with isotopically labeled tracers led us to discover that maternal eENT1-dependent adenosine uptake is critical in activating AMPK by controlling the AMP/ATP ratio and its downstream target, bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM); in turn, BPGM mediates 2,3-BPG production, which enhances O2 delivery to maintain placental oxygenation.	Adenosine	176-185	bisphosphoglycerate mutase	Homo sapiens	328-332
32408898-8	2020	AHCY is a direct target of DZNep and is critically involved in the biological methylation process, where it catalyzes the reversible hydrolysis of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine to L-homocysteine and adenosine.	Adenosine	195-204	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	0-4
32409420-11	2020	A CD39 inhibitor, POM-1, and an anti-CD73 antibody inhibited adenosine production and reduced T-cell suppression in vitro in coculture of myeloma and stromal cells.	Adenosine	61-70	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	2-6
32409420-12	2020	Blocking the adenosine pathway in vivo with a combination of Sodium polyoxotungstate (POM-1), anti-CD73, and the A2AR antagonist AZD4635 activated immune cells, increased interferon gamma production, and reduced the tumor load in a murine model of MM.	Adenosine	13-22	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	99-103
32409420-13	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the adenosine pathway can be successfully targeted in MM and blocking this pathway could be an alternative to PD1/PDL1 inhibition for MM and other hematological cancers.	Adenosine	39-48	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	149-153
32365642-7	2020	The function of microglia is regulated by a whole array of purinergic receptors classified as P2Y12, P2Y6, P2Y4, P2X4, P2X7, A2A, and A3, as targets of endogenous ATP, ADP, or adenosine.	Adenosine	176-185	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	101-105
32348766-3	2020	Here, we report that adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is required for optimal KSHV lytic reactivation from latency.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	58-63
32344536-5	2020	We report that RNA m6A methyltransferase Mettl3 interacts with the 5" external transcribed spacer (5"ETS) of the 47S rRNA precursor and modifies adenosine 196.	Adenosine	145-154	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	41-47
32340354-8	2020	Bafilomycin and chloroquine induced the accumulation of Aqp2 in lysosomal structures, which was prevented in cells treated with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP), which led to phosphorylation and membrane localization of Aqp2.	Adenosine	145-154	aquaporin 2	Homo sapiens	56-60
32295059-2	2020	The function of Hsp90 is highly dependent on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding to the N-terminal domain of the protein.	Adenosine	45-54	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	16-21
32280302-2	2020	The concentrations of eATP and ADO in tumor microenvironment (TME) are controlled by ectonucleotidases, such as CD39 and CD73, the major ecto-enzymes expressed on immune cells, endothelial cells and cancer cells.	Adenosine	31-34	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	112-116
31721163-0	2020	beta3 adrenoceptor-induced cholinergic bladder inhibition involves EPAC1 and PKC favoring ENT1-mediated adenosine outflow from the human and rat detrusor.	Adenosine	104-113	adrenoceptor beta 3	Homo sapiens	0-18
31721163-1	2020	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The way beta3 receptor agonists (e.g. mirabegron) control bladder overactivity may involve adenosine release from human and rat detrusor smooth muscle.	Adenosine	115-124	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	32-37
31585521-2	2020	Methylation of adenosine at the N6 position (m6A) in messenger RNA (mRNA) is currently the most well-studied RNA modification and is catalyzed by the RNA methyltransferase complex METTL3/METTL14.	Adenosine	15-24	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	180-186
32216748-2	2020	The cAMP (cyclic Adenosine MonoPhosphate)-mediated cascade of excitation and inhibition responses observed in MSN intracellular signal transduction is crucial for neuroscience research due to its involvement in the motor and behavioral functions.	Adenosine	17-26	moesin	Mus musculus	110-113
32168870-2	2020	ADORA2A is the gene that encodes A2A subtypes of adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	49-58	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	0-7
32151275-3	2020	Adenosine, a metabolite which is highly produced in TME, is known to mediate the suppression of anti-tumor T cell responses via binding and signaling through adenosine 2a receptor (A2aR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	158-179
32151275-3	2020	Adenosine, a metabolite which is highly produced in TME, is known to mediate the suppression of anti-tumor T cell responses via binding and signaling through adenosine 2a receptor (A2aR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	181-185
32151275-10	2020	Interestingly, CAR T cells that carried the anti-A2aR shRNA sequences were resistant to the inhibitory effects of adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	114-123	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	49-53
32151275-11	2020	Pharmacological inhibition of A2aR reversed the reduction in CAR T cell proliferation and cytokine response caused by the adenosine analog; however, it failed to rescue the cytotoxic function of the cells.	Adenosine	122-131	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	30-34
32132027-2	2020	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) is an RNA-editing enzyme that converts adenosine into inosine in double-stranded RNAs potentially involved in malignant development.	Adenosine	80-89	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-33
32132027-2	2020	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) is an RNA-editing enzyme that converts adenosine into inosine in double-stranded RNAs potentially involved in malignant development.	Adenosine	80-89	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	35-39
32170814-0	2020	Deletion of murine slc29a4 modifies vascular responses to adenosine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in a sexually dimorphic manner.	Adenosine	58-67	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 4	Mus musculus	19-26
32120817-4	2020	Active Rap1 couples extracellular stimulation with intracellular signaling through secondary messengers-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), Ca2+, and diacylglycerol (DAG).	Adenosine	111-120	RAP1A, member of RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	7-11
31971463-1	2020	Introduction: Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a surface bound ectopeptidase that is commonly known as CD26 or adenosine deaminase binding protein.	Adenosine	112-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-108
31347162-0	2020	CD73-dependent adenosine dampens interleukin 1beta-induced CXCL8 production in gingival fibroblasts: Association with heme oxygenase-1 and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase.	Adenosine	15-24	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	118-134
31347162-1	2020	BACKGROUND: During inflammation, stressed or infected cells can release adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the extracellular medium, which can be hydrolyzed to adenosine by ectonucleotidases such as ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39) and 5"-nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	72-81	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	196-244
31347162-1	2020	BACKGROUND: During inflammation, stressed or infected cells can release adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the extracellular medium, which can be hydrolyzed to adenosine by ectonucleotidases such as ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39) and 5"-nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	72-81	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	246-250
31347162-11	2020	CONCLUSIONS: CD73-generated adenosine dampens IL-1beta-induced CXCL8 in HGFs and involves HO-1 and pAMPK signaling.	Adenosine	28-37	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	90-94
32129745-0	2020	[A new generation of immunotherapies targeting the CD39/CD73/adenosine pathway to promote the anti-tumor immune response].	Adenosine	61-70	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
31473904-4	2020	Phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) is a key enzyme involved in the degradation of intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine 3", 5"-monophosphate in different cell types; however, little is known regarding its role in neurodegenerative diseases, and specifically in Parkinson"s disease.	Adenosine	105-114	phosphodiesterase 7A	Homo sapiens	0-19
31473904-4	2020	Phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) is a key enzyme involved in the degradation of intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine 3", 5"-monophosphate in different cell types; however, little is known regarding its role in neurodegenerative diseases, and specifically in Parkinson"s disease.	Adenosine	105-114	phosphodiesterase 7A	Homo sapiens	21-25
31940720-8	2020	Activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) increased FTO expression, and there was a positive feedback loop between FTO and p-AMPK.	Adenosine	14-23	fat mass and obesity associated	Mus musculus	80-83
31940720-8	2020	Activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) increased FTO expression, and there was a positive feedback loop between FTO and p-AMPK.	Adenosine	14-23	fat mass and obesity associated	Mus musculus	143-146
31668868-7	2020	After the optimization of extraction conditions, the aptamer/AuNPs coated in-tube SPME-HPLC method was developed for the adenosine assay with the linear range of 0.002-0.100 mug mL-1 and the detection limit of 0.45 ng mL-1.	Adenosine	121-130	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	178-182
31668868-7	2020	After the optimization of extraction conditions, the aptamer/AuNPs coated in-tube SPME-HPLC method was developed for the adenosine assay with the linear range of 0.002-0.100 mug mL-1 and the detection limit of 0.45 ng mL-1.	Adenosine	121-130	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	218-222
31980601-6	2020	Mechanistically, CAF-CD73 expression is enhanced via an ADO-A2B receptor-mediated feedforward circuit triggered by tumor cell death, which enforces the CD73-checkpoint.	Adenosine	56-59	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	21-25
32158921-4	2020	Adenosine, in turn, favors the translation of cMYC, triggering its oncogenic downstream cascade.	Adenosine	0-9	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	46-50
31852821-6	2020	Interestingly, down-regulation of adenosine deaminase-related growth factor A (Adgf-A) from enterocytes is necessary for extracellular adenosine to activate AdoR and induce ISC overproliferation.	Adenosine	34-43	Adenosine deaminase-related growth factor A	Drosophila melanogaster	79-85
31852821-7	2020	As Adgf-A expression and its enzymatic activity decrease following tissue damage, our study provides important insights into how the enzymatic regulation of extracellular adenosine levels under tissue-damage conditions facilitates ISC proliferation.	Adenosine	171-180	Adenosine deaminase-related growth factor A	Drosophila melanogaster	3-9
31706844-1	2020	The methylation of adenosines at the N6 position (m6A formation) is the most prevalent type of RNA modification in humans.	Adenosine	19-29	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	50-53
31706844-9	2020	With an RNA immunoprecipitation assay using an anti-m6A antibody, it was revealed that the adenosines in the 5"-UTR and the last exon of CYP2C8 are methylated in HepaRG cells and human liver samples.	Adenosine	91-101	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	52-55
31596949-1	2020	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Adenosine is a local mediator that regulates physiological and pathological processes via activation of four G protein-coupled receptors (A1 , A2A , A2B , A3 ).	Adenosine	24-33	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A8	Rattus norvegicus	173-181
31732494-1	2020	Adenosine mediates immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment through triggering adenosine 2A receptors (A2AR) on immune cells.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	90-112
31732494-1	2020	Adenosine mediates immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment through triggering adenosine 2A receptors (A2AR) on immune cells.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	114-118
33146056-3	2020	CD39 processes pro-inflammatory extracellular ATP to ADP and AMP, which is then processed by Ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 to immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	140-149	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
33146056-4	2020	Directly inhibiting the enzymatic function of CD39 via an antibody has the potential to unleash an immune-mediated anti-tumor response via two mechanisms: 1) increasing the availability of immunostimulatory extracellular ATP released by damaged and/or dying cells, and 2) reducing the generation and accumulation of suppressive adenosine within the TME.	Adenosine	328-337	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	46-50
31847204-3	2019	As an ectoenzyme, CD38 functions as a metabolic sensor catalyzing the extracellular conversion of NAD+ to the immunosuppressive factor adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	135-144	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	18-22
31847204-3	2019	As an ectoenzyme, CD38 functions as a metabolic sensor catalyzing the extracellular conversion of NAD+ to the immunosuppressive factor adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	146-149	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	18-22
31847204-4	2019	Other ectoenzymes, CD73 and CD203a, together with CD38, are also involved in the alternative axis of extracellular production of ADO, bypassing the canonical pathway mediated by CD39.	Adenosine	129-132	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	50-54
31847204-4	2019	Other ectoenzymes, CD73 and CD203a, together with CD38, are also involved in the alternative axis of extracellular production of ADO, bypassing the canonical pathway mediated by CD39.	Adenosine	129-132	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	178-182
31915684-6	2019	Subsequently, the predicted adenosine biosynthesis pathway combined with qPCR and gene expression data of RNA-Seq indicated that the increased adenosine accumulation is a result of down-regulation of ndk, ADK, and APRT genes combined with up-regulation of AK gene.	Adenosine	28-37	cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2	Homo sapiens	200-203
31328322-1	2019	Adenosine A2A receptors (A2A R) are modulators of various physiological processes essential for brain homeostasis and fine synaptic tuning.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	10-30
31701800-4	2019	Platelet activation stimulated by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in the presence or absence of abeta2GPI was measured by the expression of P-selectin on platelet surface using flow cytometry.	Adenosine	34-43	selectin P	Homo sapiens	136-146
31729379-7	2019	Hydroxylation-proficient ADSL, by affecting adenosine levels, represses the expression of the long non-coding RNA MIR22HG, thus upregulating cMYC protein level.	Adenosine	44-53	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	141-145
32109988-4	2019	Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was carried out to study the effect of Ado on the expression of Rho-specific guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor 2 (RhoGDI2) in the subcutaneous xenografts.	Adenosine	66-69	Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) gamma	Mus musculus	149-156
31636457-0	2019	Genome-wide quantification of ADAR adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing activity.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	30-34
31636457-1	2019	Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing by the adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA (ADAR) enzymes is a common RNA modification, preventing false activation of the innate immune system by endogenous double-stranded RNAs.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	87-91
31433169-7	2019	In addition, we observed that the expression level of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR1) was significantly decreased upon Cr(VI) exposure, which could be responsible for the induced decrease of inosine in mRNA by Cr(VI) exposure.	Adenosine	58-67	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	93-98
31623231-9	2019	Adenosine is either released from stressed or injured cells or generated from extracellular adenine nucleotides by the concerted action of the ectoenzymes ectoapyrase (CD39) and 5" ectonucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) that catabolize ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	155-166
31623231-9	2019	Adenosine is either released from stressed or injured cells or generated from extracellular adenine nucleotides by the concerted action of the ectoenzymes ectoapyrase (CD39) and 5" ectonucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) that catabolize ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	168-172
31623231-9	2019	Adenosine is either released from stressed or injured cells or generated from extracellular adenine nucleotides by the concerted action of the ectoenzymes ectoapyrase (CD39) and 5" ectonucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) that catabolize ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	234-243	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	155-166
31623231-9	2019	Adenosine is either released from stressed or injured cells or generated from extracellular adenine nucleotides by the concerted action of the ectoenzymes ectoapyrase (CD39) and 5" ectonucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) that catabolize ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	234-243	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	168-172
31614517-3	2019	Taking this observation into account, we structurally modified an indolylpyrimidylpiperazine (IPP) scaffold, 1 (a non-selective adenosine receptors" ligand) into a modified IPP (mIPP) scaffold by switching the position of the carbonyl group, resulting in the formation of both ketone and tertiary amine groups in the new scaffold.	Adenosine	128-137	IAP promoted placental gene	Mus musculus	94-97
31601268-9	2019	RESULTS: Here, we demonstrate that Ado signaling through the A2A receptor (A2AR) in human peripheral CD8+ T cells and TILs is responsible for the higher sensitivity to Ado-mediated suppression of T central memory cells.	Adenosine	35-38	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	61-73
31601268-9	2019	RESULTS: Here, we demonstrate that Ado signaling through the A2A receptor (A2AR) in human peripheral CD8+ T cells and TILs is responsible for the higher sensitivity to Ado-mediated suppression of T central memory cells.	Adenosine	35-38	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	75-79
31601268-9	2019	RESULTS: Here, we demonstrate that Ado signaling through the A2A receptor (A2AR) in human peripheral CD8+ T cells and TILs is responsible for the higher sensitivity to Ado-mediated suppression of T central memory cells.	Adenosine	168-171	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	61-73
31601268-9	2019	RESULTS: Here, we demonstrate that Ado signaling through the A2A receptor (A2AR) in human peripheral CD8+ T cells and TILs is responsible for the higher sensitivity to Ado-mediated suppression of T central memory cells.	Adenosine	168-171	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	75-79
31265905-5	2019	S-adenosyl-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) catalyzes AdoHcy hydrolysis to adenosine and homocysteine, alleviating AdoHcy inhibition of JHAMT.	Adenosine	72-81	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	35-39
31265905-6	2019	3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), an analog of adenosine, is an inhibitor of SAHH, and an epigenetic drug for cancer therapy.	Adenosine	42-51	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	72-76
31423758-2	2019	The adenosine deaminase RNA-Specific (ADAR;OMIM: *146920) gene was identified as causing DSH.	Adenosine	4-13	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	38-42
31366735-0	2019	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA-1 (ADAR1) inhibits hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication by enhancing microRNA-122 processing.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	37-42
31366735-1	2019	Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA-1 (ADAR1) involves adenosine to inosine RNA editing and microRNA processing.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	38-43
31366735-1	2019	Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA-1 (ADAR1) involves adenosine to inosine RNA editing and microRNA processing.	Adenosine	54-63	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	38-43
31537831-1	2019	Adenosine has been reported to be transported by equilibrative nucleoside transporter 4 (ENT4), encoded by the SLC29A4 gene, in an acidic pH-dependent manner.	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	49-87
31537831-1	2019	Adenosine has been reported to be transported by equilibrative nucleoside transporter 4 (ENT4), encoded by the SLC29A4 gene, in an acidic pH-dependent manner.	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	89-93
31537831-1	2019	Adenosine has been reported to be transported by equilibrative nucleoside transporter 4 (ENT4), encoded by the SLC29A4 gene, in an acidic pH-dependent manner.	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	111-118
31537831-2	2019	This makes hENT4 of interest as a therapeutic target in acidic pathologies where adenosine is protective (e.g. vascular ischaemia).	Adenosine	81-90	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	11-16
31270214-10	2019	SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study revealed that adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) and ADAR2, which catalyze adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, downregulate the expression of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) in human liver-derived cells by attenuating splicing.	Adenosine	49-58	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	86-91
31339445-0	2019	Adenosine interaction with adenosine receptor A2a promotes gastric cancer metastasis by enhancing PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	27-49
31339445-5	2019	Adenosine enhanced the expression of the stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated genes by binding to A2aR.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	119-123
31379173-4	2019	Herein, a gadolinium/adenosine monophosphate (Gd3+/AMP) shell was formed on liposomes (liposome@Gd3+/AMP) using lipids containing phosphoserine (PS) or cholinephosphate (CP) headgroups, while phosphocholine liposomes did not support the shell.	Adenosine	21-30	GRDX	Homo sapiens	46-49
31379173-4	2019	Herein, a gadolinium/adenosine monophosphate (Gd3+/AMP) shell was formed on liposomes (liposome@Gd3+/AMP) using lipids containing phosphoserine (PS) or cholinephosphate (CP) headgroups, while phosphocholine liposomes did not support the shell.	Adenosine	21-30	GRDX	Homo sapiens	96-99
31154474-8	2019	But knowledge of CD39+ Treg cells and A2AR which are crucial in the adenosine immunosuppressive pathway is still limited in ITP.	Adenosine	68-77	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	17-21
31154474-8	2019	But knowledge of CD39+ Treg cells and A2AR which are crucial in the adenosine immunosuppressive pathway is still limited in ITP.	Adenosine	68-77	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	38-42
30633335-2	2019	Limited O2 availability leads to increased levels of adenosine, which regulates the kidney via activation of both A1 and A2A adenosine receptors (A1R and A2AR, respectively).	Adenosine	53-62	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	154-158
30633335-2	2019	Limited O2 availability leads to increased levels of adenosine, which regulates the kidney via activation of both A1 and A2A adenosine receptors (A1R and A2AR, respectively).	Adenosine	125-134	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	154-158
31187140-4	2019	Here, we showed that leptin could promote cell proliferation and maintain high adenosine triphosphate levels in HCT116 and MCF-7 cells.	Adenosine	79-88	leptin	Homo sapiens	21-27
31028741-4	2019	These effects were associated with an upregulation of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) and the activation of its upstream Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/(Liver kinase B1) LKB1- (Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) AMPK axis.	Adenosine	160-169	serine/threonine kinase 11	Homo sapiens	136-151
31028741-4	2019	These effects were associated with an upregulation of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) and the activation of its upstream Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/(Liver kinase B1) LKB1- (Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) AMPK axis.	Adenosine	160-169	serine/threonine kinase 11	Homo sapiens	153-157
31327964-9	2019	Our results show that melatonin prevents LPS and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in murine microglia in vitro, evidenced by inhibition of NLRP3 expression, Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) speck formation, caspase-1 cleavage and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) maturation and secretion.	Adenosine	49-58	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	86-91
31327964-9	2019	Our results show that melatonin prevents LPS and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in murine microglia in vitro, evidenced by inhibition of NLRP3 expression, Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) speck formation, caspase-1 cleavage and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) maturation and secretion.	Adenosine	49-58	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	314-322
30822423-3	2019	Caffeine releases respiratory arrest by competing with adenosine for binding to adenosine A1 and A2A receptors (A1R and A2AR).	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	120-124
31244820-5	2019	Like several other barriers in the TME, such as the PD-1/PDL-1 axis, CTLA-4, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1), adenosine plays important physiologic roles, but has been co-opted by tumors to promote their growth and impair immunity.	Adenosine	118-127	indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	110-115
31097585-7	2019	OPN3 negatively regulates the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response evoked by MC1R via activation of the Galphai subunit of G proteins, thus decreasing cellular melanin levels.	Adenosine	37-46	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	87-91
31275983-2	2019	Adenosine receptor 2</protein-id> (A2aR) can play an immunosuppressive role in tumor microenvironment by binding to its ligand adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	127-136	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	35-39
31275983-2	2019	Adenosine receptor 2</protein-id> (A2aR) can play an immunosuppressive role in tumor microenvironment by binding to its ligand adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	138-141	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	35-39
30967398-0	2019	N6-Methylation of Adenosine of FZD10 mRNA Contributes to PARP Inhibitor Resistance.	Adenosine	18-27	frizzled class receptor 10	Mus musculus	31-36
30954629-0	2019	Complex regulation of ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 and A2AR-mediated adenosine signaling at neurovascular unit: A link between acute and chronic neuroinflammation.	Adenosine	66-75	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	52-56
30954629-4	2019	Neuroinflammatory conditions are also associated with significant enhancement and gain-of-function of A2AR-mediated adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	116-125	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	102-106
31054946-8	2019	The adenosine A1 and A2A receptor agonist combination also significantly increased the number of Fos transcripts and Fos positive cells in dorsal striatum.	Adenosine	4-13	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	97-100
31054946-8	2019	The adenosine A1 and A2A receptor agonist combination also significantly increased the number of Fos transcripts and Fos positive cells in dorsal striatum.	Adenosine	4-13	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	117-120
30918224-1	2019	Phosphofructokinase-1 (EC:2.7.1.11, PFK-1) catalyzes the phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate using adenosine triphosphate and is a key regulatory enzyme of glycolysis.	Adenosine	132-141	phosphofructokinase, muscle	Homo sapiens	36-41
31150459-2	2019	Adenosine can activate four subtypes of adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B and A3) and has been implicated in diabetic nephropathy.	Adenosine	0-9	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A8	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
31150459-2	2019	Adenosine can activate four subtypes of adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B and A3) and has been implicated in diabetic nephropathy.	Adenosine	40-49	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A8	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
31191254-10	2019	As adenosine has anti-inflammatory effects on astrocytes and CNS-infiltrating effector T cells in EAE, the downregulation of CD73 in astrocytes may be considered a pro-inflammatory process for facilitating the pathogenesis of EAE.	Adenosine	3-12	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	125-129
31116985-3	2019	The production of adenosine via the sequential activity of CD39 and CD73 ectoenzymes participates to the generation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.	Adenosine	18-27	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	59-63
31116985-4	2019	In order to disrupt the adenosine pathway, we generated two antibodies, IPH5201 and IPH5301, targeting human membrane-associated and soluble forms of CD39 and CD73, respectively, and efficiently blocking the hydrolysis of immunogenic ATP into immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	24-33	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	150-154
31205451-3	2019	In this context, it is unknown whether ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, which are involved in the production of adenosine (Ado) that suppresses the specific antitumor immune response, are present in precursor lesions of CeCa.	Adenosine	112-121	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	57-61
31205451-3	2019	In this context, it is unknown whether ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, which are involved in the production of adenosine (Ado) that suppresses the specific antitumor immune response, are present in precursor lesions of CeCa.	Adenosine	123-126	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	57-61
31205451-6	2019	Interestingly, solubilized cervical mucus from these patients also showed higher contents of soluble CD39 and CD73, which were associated with a greater capacity to produce Ado from the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP).	Adenosine	173-176	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	101-105
30659266-3	2019	Here, we discovered that methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), a major RNA N6-adenosine methyltransferase, was significantly up-regulated in human BCa.	Adenosine	75-84	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	25-49
30659266-3	2019	Here, we discovered that methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), a major RNA N6-adenosine methyltransferase, was significantly up-regulated in human BCa.	Adenosine	75-84	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	51-57
31024543-2	2019	Adenosine is either released from stressed or injured cells or generated from extracellular adenine nucleotides by the concerted action of the ectoenzymes ectoapyrase (CD39) and 5" ectonucleotidase (CD73) that catabolize ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	155-166
31024543-2	2019	Adenosine is either released from stressed or injured cells or generated from extracellular adenine nucleotides by the concerted action of the ectoenzymes ectoapyrase (CD39) and 5" ectonucleotidase (CD73) that catabolize ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	168-172
31024543-2	2019	Adenosine is either released from stressed or injured cells or generated from extracellular adenine nucleotides by the concerted action of the ectoenzymes ectoapyrase (CD39) and 5" ectonucleotidase (CD73) that catabolize ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	228-237	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	155-166
31024543-2	2019	Adenosine is either released from stressed or injured cells or generated from extracellular adenine nucleotides by the concerted action of the ectoenzymes ectoapyrase (CD39) and 5" ectonucleotidase (CD73) that catabolize ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	228-237	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	168-172
30506571-0	2019	Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Antagonism Improves Glycemic Control and Increases Energy Expenditure Through Sirtuin-1/Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 and 5"Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling.	Adenosine	159-168	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	101-110
30637481-2	2019	The major adenosine receptor complexes in the striato-pallidal GABA neurons can be the A2AR-D2R and A2AR-D2R-mGluR5 receptor complexes, in which A2AR protomers and mGluR5 protomers can allosterically interact to inhibit D2R protomer signaling.	Adenosine	10-19	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	87-91
30637481-2	2019	The major adenosine receptor complexes in the striato-pallidal GABA neurons can be the A2AR-D2R and A2AR-D2R-mGluR5 receptor complexes, in which A2AR protomers and mGluR5 protomers can allosterically interact to inhibit D2R protomer signaling.	Adenosine	10-19	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	100-104
30637481-2	2019	The major adenosine receptor complexes in the striato-pallidal GABA neurons can be the A2AR-D2R and A2AR-D2R-mGluR5 receptor complexes, in which A2AR protomers and mGluR5 protomers can allosterically interact to inhibit D2R protomer signaling.	Adenosine	10-19	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	100-104
30069829-7	2019	Enzymes involved on adenosine metabolism, such as 5"-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase, were found to be reduced after RSV treatment, but adenosine levels remained unchanged.	Adenosine	20-29	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	50-65
31090331-4	2019	Through the study of network pharmacology,12 components of aspirin and Trichosanthis Fructus,including hydroxygenkwanin,quercetin and adenosine,were found to show the anti-platelet aggregation and anti-thrombosis mechanisms through9 common protein targets,such as SRC,RAC1,MAPK14,MAPK1,AKT1,and 14 common signaling pathways,such as VEGF signaling pathway.	Adenosine	134-143	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	332-336
30767533-6	2019	In particular, native human adenosine receptor (A2AR) and bacterial transporter (BmrA) were solubilized efficiently.	Adenosine	28-37	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	48-52
30622168-1	2019	We previously found that low-frequency stimulation of direct temperoammonic (TA) inputs to hippocampal area CA1 depotentiates previously established long-term potentiation in the Schaffer collateral (SC) pathway through complex signaling involving dopamine, endocannabinoids, neuregulin-1, GABA, and adenosine, with adenosine being the most distal modulator identified to date.	Adenosine	300-309	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	108-111
30622168-1	2019	We previously found that low-frequency stimulation of direct temperoammonic (TA) inputs to hippocampal area CA1 depotentiates previously established long-term potentiation in the Schaffer collateral (SC) pathway through complex signaling involving dopamine, endocannabinoids, neuregulin-1, GABA, and adenosine, with adenosine being the most distal modulator identified to date.	Adenosine	316-325	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	108-111
30689733-2	2019	While increased adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) signaling has been well-documented in both Parkinson"s disease models and patients, the source of this enhanced adenosine signalling remains unclear.	Adenosine	16-25	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	40-44
30689733-3	2019	Here, we show that the ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73)-mediated adenosine formation provides an important input to activate A2AR, and upregulated CD73 and A2AR in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson"s disease models coordinatively contribute to the elevated adenosine signalling.	Adenosine	60-69	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	120-124
30689733-3	2019	Here, we show that the ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73)-mediated adenosine formation provides an important input to activate A2AR, and upregulated CD73 and A2AR in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson"s disease models coordinatively contribute to the elevated adenosine signalling.	Adenosine	60-69	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	151-155
30689733-3	2019	Here, we show that the ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73)-mediated adenosine formation provides an important input to activate A2AR, and upregulated CD73 and A2AR in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson"s disease models coordinatively contribute to the elevated adenosine signalling.	Adenosine	292-301	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	120-124
30689733-3	2019	Here, we show that the ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73)-mediated adenosine formation provides an important input to activate A2AR, and upregulated CD73 and A2AR in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson"s disease models coordinatively contribute to the elevated adenosine signalling.	Adenosine	292-301	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	151-155
30689733-4	2019	Importantly, we demonstrate that CD73-derived adenosine-A2AR signalling modulates microglial immunoresponses and morphological dynamics.	Adenosine	46-55	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	56-60
30689733-7	2019	Moreover, CD73 inactivation suppressed A2AR induction and A2AR-mediated pro-inflammatory responses, whereas replenishment of adenosine analogues restored these effects, suggesting that CD73 produces a self-regulating feed-forward adenosine formation to activate A2AR and promote neuroinflammation.	Adenosine	230-239	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	39-43
30689733-7	2019	Moreover, CD73 inactivation suppressed A2AR induction and A2AR-mediated pro-inflammatory responses, whereas replenishment of adenosine analogues restored these effects, suggesting that CD73 produces a self-regulating feed-forward adenosine formation to activate A2AR and promote neuroinflammation.	Adenosine	230-239	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	58-62
30689733-7	2019	Moreover, CD73 inactivation suppressed A2AR induction and A2AR-mediated pro-inflammatory responses, whereas replenishment of adenosine analogues restored these effects, suggesting that CD73 produces a self-regulating feed-forward adenosine formation to activate A2AR and promote neuroinflammation.	Adenosine	230-239	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	58-62
30592616-1	2019	Human RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 deaminates adenosine in pre-mRNA to yield inosine.	Adenosine	42-51	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	25-30
30578766-4	2019	Methylation of the transited adenosine was catalyzed by methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3), and this m6A-RNA promoted a preferential pre-mRNA splicing; consequently, the produced p53 R273H mutant protein resulted in acquired multidrug resistance in colon cancer cells.	Adenosine	29-38	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	56-80
30578766-4	2019	Methylation of the transited adenosine was catalyzed by methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3), and this m6A-RNA promoted a preferential pre-mRNA splicing; consequently, the produced p53 R273H mutant protein resulted in acquired multidrug resistance in colon cancer cells.	Adenosine	29-38	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	82-88
30692041-6	2019	ADAR1 is an RNA-editing enzyme which catalyzes the deamination of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) in double-stranded RNA substrates during post-transcription processing.	Adenosine	66-75	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-5
30489667-1	2019	BACKGROUND: ADAR1 is an enzymatic protein, which catalyzes a RNA editing reaction by converting Adenosine to Inosine, and its expression has been found to be dysregulated in many cancer types.	Adenosine	96-105	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	12-17
29788096-1	2019	Background: Sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na/K-ATPase) has been shown to regulate Src activity by combining with Src to keep it in an inactive form.	Adenosine	29-38	Rous sarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	95-98
29788096-1	2019	Background: Sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na/K-ATPase) has been shown to regulate Src activity by combining with Src to keep it in an inactive form.	Adenosine	29-38	Rous sarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	126-129
30615446-3	2019	However, because of JAK3"s strong binding preference to adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP), a number of inhibitors exhibit large gaps between enzymatic and cellular potency, which hampers efforts to dissect the roles of JAK3 in cellular settings.	Adenosine	56-65	Janus kinase 3	Homo sapiens	20-24
30733807-7	2019	The results show that medium to high doses of adenosine can significantly promote cardiac function (LVEF and LVFS) and reduce the levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-alpha, IL-6, PCT, and cTnI) and p-JNK in septic rats, with a significant difference seen between male and female rats.	Adenosine	46-55	troponin I3, cardiac type	Rattus norvegicus	188-192
30733807-7	2019	The results show that medium to high doses of adenosine can significantly promote cardiac function (LVEF and LVFS) and reduce the levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-alpha, IL-6, PCT, and cTnI) and p-JNK in septic rats, with a significant difference seen between male and female rats.	Adenosine	46-55	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	200-203
31550088-16	2019	The report identifies a mechanism that integrates adenosine release and Cx hemichannel activity and shows how adenosine signalling and Cx channels may act together to promote persistent inflammation, which is observed in several chronic diseases of the respiratory airway.	Adenosine	50-59	LOC100128922	Homo sapiens	135-137
30365112-8	2019	These results indicate that Abeta and tau may be considered as novel biomarkers of sleep disorder in AD pathology, and that they function by regulating the expression levels of orexin A and adenosine A1R.	Adenosine	190-199	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	28-33
30365112-8	2019	These results indicate that Abeta and tau may be considered as novel biomarkers of sleep disorder in AD pathology, and that they function by regulating the expression levels of orexin A and adenosine A1R.	Adenosine	190-199	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	38-41
30734681-3	2019	Recently, the important role in the platelet aggregation of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-activated P2Y12 and P2Y1 receptors, Gprotein coupled receptors of the P2 purinergic family, has emerged, and their inhibitors are explored as potential therapeutic antithrombotics.	Adenosine	60-69	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Homo sapiens	98-102
30587120-1	2018	BACKGROUND: A-to-I RNA editing is a co-/post-transcriptional modification catalyzed by ADAR enzymes, that deaminates Adenosines (A) into Inosines (I).	Adenosine	117-127	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	87-91
30651930-3	2018	CD39 mediates the hydrolysis of ATP to immunosuppressive adenosine and adds to the immunosuppressive effects of Treg.	Adenosine	57-66	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
30573948-1	2018	Background: The adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) specifically deaminates adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA).	Adenosine	16-25	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	53-58
30514403-1	2018	BACKGROUND: The anti-tumor immunity of natural killer (NK) cells can be paralyzed by the CD73-induced generation of immunosuppressive adenosine from precursor ATP within the hypoxic microenvironment of solid tumors.	Adenosine	134-143	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	89-93
30143933-0	2018	Ferulic Acid Protected from Kidney Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Mice: Possible Mechanism Through Increasing Adenosine Generation via HIF-1alpha.	Adenosine	110-119	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	135-145
30596206-1	2018	Recent studies on interactions between striatal adenosine and dopamine and one of its main targets, the adenosine A2A receptor-dopamine D2 receptor (A2AR-D2R) heteromer, have provided a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the psychostimulant effects of caffeine and have brought forward new data on the mechanisms of operation of classical orthosteric ligands within G protein-coupled receptor heteromers.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	149-153
30473700-3	2018	In this sequence of events, the ectoenzyme CD39 degrades ATP into ADP and AMP, respectively, and CD73 catalyzes the last step leading to the production of Ado.	Adenosine	155-158	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	43-47
30467503-6	2018	Hypoxia also fuels the generation of adenosine from the cancer-associated ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	37-46	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	86-90
30303204-1	2018	Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase1 (NTPDase1, CD39) is a major ectonucleotidase that hydrolyzes proinflammatory ATP via ADP to AMP, which is subsequently converted by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	230-239	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-48
30303204-1	2018	Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase1 (NTPDase1, CD39) is a major ectonucleotidase that hydrolyzes proinflammatory ATP via ADP to AMP, which is subsequently converted by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	230-239	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	50-58
30303204-1	2018	Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase1 (NTPDase1, CD39) is a major ectonucleotidase that hydrolyzes proinflammatory ATP via ADP to AMP, which is subsequently converted by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	230-239	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
30336706-2	2018	Several studies support the accumulation of extracellular adenosine in the tumor microenvironment as a critical mechanism in immune evasion implicating A2AR antagonists for use in immuno-oncology.	Adenosine	58-67	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	152-156
30425720-5	2018	NK cells were shown to be hyper-responsive to adenosine when primed with IL-12 and IL-15 compared to IL-2, exhibiting enhanced IFN-gamma expression from CD56bright and CD56dim subsets while modulating the expression of activation marker NKG2D.	Adenosine	46-55	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	153-157
30229863-6	2018	Spontaneous adenosine production by CD3(+) or CD3(-) exosomes was measured by mass spectrometry, as was the production of adenosine by CD4+ CD39+ regulatory T cells (Treg ) co-incubated with these exosomes.	Adenosine	122-131	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	140-144
29741783-1	2018	CD73 facilitates tumor growth by upregulation of the adenosine (immunosuppressive factor) in the tumor microenvironment, however, its precise molecular mechanisms is not precisely understood.	Adenosine	53-62	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
30197299-4	2018	When presented with a random pool of RNAs, METTL16 selects for methylation-structured RNAs where the critical adenosine is present in a bulge.	Adenosine	110-119	methyltransferase like 16	Mus musculus	43-50
29485733-8	2018	In addition, upregulation of MITF was mediated by activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling.	Adenosine	64-73	melanocyte inducing transcription factor	Homo sapiens	29-33
30197321-2	2018	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) is a key protein for A-to-I editing, which converts the adenosine group of a double-stranded RNA to creatinine group by deaminating it, resulting in a change of nucleotide sequence.	Adenosine	97-106	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	35-39
30002075-3	2018	Extracellular adenosine, sourced from surrounding hematopoietic progenitors, inhibits this calcium influx, thereby suppressing mitochondrial metabolism and promoting HSC quiescence.	Adenosine	14-23	fucosyltransferase 1 (H blood group)	Homo sapiens	166-169
29923026-2	2018	The presence of adenosine in the inflammatory milieu or generated by the CD39/CD73 axis on tissues or T regulatory cells serves to regulate immune responses.	Adenosine	16-25	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	78-82
29973267-10	2018	Using inhibitors of the CD39-CD73-adenosine axis, we showed that adenosine produced by CD73 ectonucleotidase activity was largely responsible for the LA-MSC and BM-MSC platelet inhibitory action.	Adenosine	34-43	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
29973267-10	2018	Using inhibitors of the CD39-CD73-adenosine axis, we showed that adenosine produced by CD73 ectonucleotidase activity was largely responsible for the LA-MSC and BM-MSC platelet inhibitory action.	Adenosine	65-74	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
29973282-6	2018	The protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), synaptotagmin-1 (SYT1) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) in the rats" hippocampi was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, and the gene expression of cAMP-regulated enhancer (CRE) was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).	Adenosine	102-111	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	160-164
29627645-2	2018	In the presence of target adenosine, DNA s1 is released from the aptamer and then hybridizes with hairpin DNA (HP1), which could initiate the cycling cleavage process under the reaction of nicking endonuclease.	Adenosine	26-35	chromobox 5	Homo sapiens	111-114
29914571-5	2018	Hypoxia, high cell turnover, and expression of CD39 and CD73 are important factors in adenosine production.	Adenosine	86-95	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	47-51
29455338-4	2018	Extracellular ATP is mainly hydrolyzed by NTPDase1/CD39 and NTPDase2/CD39L1, generating AMP, which is hydrolyzed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to adenosine, a possible promoter of tumor growth and metastasis.	Adenosine	147-156	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	42-50
29455338-4	2018	Extracellular ATP is mainly hydrolyzed by NTPDase1/CD39 and NTPDase2/CD39L1, generating AMP, which is hydrolyzed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to adenosine, a possible promoter of tumor growth and metastasis.	Adenosine	147-156	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
29887330-6	2018	Released ATP and its metabolite adenosine act on P2Y11 and adenosine A2b receptors expressed by astrocytes, causing an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor in astrocytes.	Adenosine	32-41	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	131-164
29516286-9	2018	In conclusion, we suggest that these potent ectoenzymes of primary cultured murine microglia, NPP1 together with CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) maintain the adenosine levels for triggering nucleotide-stimulating responses.	Adenosine	154-163	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Mus musculus	94-98
29516286-9	2018	In conclusion, we suggest that these potent ectoenzymes of primary cultured murine microglia, NPP1 together with CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) maintain the adenosine levels for triggering nucleotide-stimulating responses.	Adenosine	154-163	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	113-117
29516286-9	2018	In conclusion, we suggest that these potent ectoenzymes of primary cultured murine microglia, NPP1 together with CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) maintain the adenosine levels for triggering nucleotide-stimulating responses.	Adenosine	154-163	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	119-139
30221054-2	2018	Adenosine (ADO), an immunosuppressive molecule, is produced within MM patients" BM by adenosinergic ectoenzymes, starting from ATP (CD39/CD73) or NAD+ [CD38/CD203a(PC-1)/CD73].	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	132-136
30221054-2	2018	Adenosine (ADO), an immunosuppressive molecule, is produced within MM patients" BM by adenosinergic ectoenzymes, starting from ATP (CD39/CD73) or NAD+ [CD38/CD203a(PC-1)/CD73].	Adenosine	0-9	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	152-156
30221054-2	2018	Adenosine (ADO), an immunosuppressive molecule, is produced within MM patients" BM by adenosinergic ectoenzymes, starting from ATP (CD39/CD73) or NAD+ [CD38/CD203a(PC-1)/CD73].	Adenosine	11-14	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	132-136
30221054-2	2018	Adenosine (ADO), an immunosuppressive molecule, is produced within MM patients" BM by adenosinergic ectoenzymes, starting from ATP (CD39/CD73) or NAD+ [CD38/CD203a(PC-1)/CD73].	Adenosine	11-14	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	152-156
29502358-8	2018	Previous research has shown that METTL3-dependent N6-adenosine methylation plays an important role in mRNA splicing.	Adenosine	53-62	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	33-39
29616118-6	2018	Furthermore, adenosine-induced cell growth inhibition was exerted via apoptosis, as confirmed by the analysis of DNA fragmentation, Hoechst nuclear staining and flow cytometry with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide staining.	Adenosine	13-22	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	181-190
29616118-8	2018	Finally, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation was found to be significantly inhibited in adenosine-treated FaDu cells, as was phosphorylation of the mTOR downregulators, S6 kinase beta1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma1.	Adenosine	187-196	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	9-34
29616118-8	2018	Finally, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation was found to be significantly inhibited in adenosine-treated FaDu cells, as was phosphorylation of the mTOR downregulators, S6 kinase beta1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma1.	Adenosine	187-196	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	285-346
29702691-3	2018	This metabolic switch is mediated by extracellular adenosine, as evidenced by the fact that blocking adenosine signaling in the adoR mutant suppresses the systemic metabolic switch and decreases resistance to infection, while enhancing adenosine effects by lowering adenosine deaminase ADGF-A increases resistance to S. pneumoniae.	Adenosine	51-60	Adenosine deaminase-related growth factor A	Drosophila melanogaster	286-292
29702691-3	2018	This metabolic switch is mediated by extracellular adenosine, as evidenced by the fact that blocking adenosine signaling in the adoR mutant suppresses the systemic metabolic switch and decreases resistance to infection, while enhancing adenosine effects by lowering adenosine deaminase ADGF-A increases resistance to S. pneumoniae.	Adenosine	101-110	Adenosine deaminase-related growth factor A	Drosophila melanogaster	286-292
29702691-3	2018	This metabolic switch is mediated by extracellular adenosine, as evidenced by the fact that blocking adenosine signaling in the adoR mutant suppresses the systemic metabolic switch and decreases resistance to infection, while enhancing adenosine effects by lowering adenosine deaminase ADGF-A increases resistance to S. pneumoniae.	Adenosine	101-110	Adenosine deaminase-related growth factor A	Drosophila melanogaster	286-292
29702691-4	2018	Further, that ADGF-A is later expressed by immune cells during infection to regulate these effects of adenosine on the systemic metabolism and immune response.	Adenosine	102-111	Adenosine deaminase-related growth factor A	Drosophila melanogaster	14-20
29702691-7	2018	An adenosine-mediated systemic metabolic switch is thus essential for effective resistance but must be regulated by ADGF-A expression from immune cells to prevent the loss of energy reserves and possibly to avoid the exploitation of energy by the pathogen.	Adenosine	3-12	Adenosine deaminase-related growth factor A	Drosophila melanogaster	116-122
29686613-8	2018	We present a model of the function of the A2AR-D2R heterotetramer-AC5 complex, which acts as an integrative device of adenosine and dopamine signals that determine the excitability and gene expression of the striatopallidal neurons.	Adenosine	118-127	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	42-46
28102227-3	2018	Specifically, the main adenosine and endocannabinoid receptors present in the striatum, ie, adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R), are of pivotal importance in the control of neuronal excitability.	Adenosine	23-32	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	92-114
28102227-3	2018	Specifically, the main adenosine and endocannabinoid receptors present in the striatum, ie, adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R), are of pivotal importance in the control of neuronal excitability.	Adenosine	23-32	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	116-120
29306022-1	2018	T regulatory cells (Tregs), involved in tumour tolerance, can generate Adenosine by CD39/CD73 surface enzymes, which identify four Tregs subsets: CD39+CD73- nTregs, CD39+CD73+ iTregs, CD39-CD73+ oTregs and CD39-CD73- xTregs.	Adenosine	71-80	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	84-88
29769837-3	2018	Alternatively, ADO can be generated starting from NAD+, which is metabolized by the concerted action of CD38, CD203a/PC-1, and CD73.	Adenosine	15-18	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	104-108
29572515-9	2018	As the extent of editing is known to positively correlate with exon Vb usage while it reduces receptor functionality, our data support the model where SNORD115 directly promotes alternative exon inclusion without the requirement for conversion of key adenosines to inosines, thereby favouring production of full-length receptor isoforms with higher potency.	Adenosine	251-261	small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115 cluster	Homo sapiens	151-159
29456159-5	2018	Adenosine generated via the CD39 cell surface ectoenzyme on niche Tregs protected HSCs from oxidative stress and maintained HSC quiescence.	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	28-32
29103803-3	2018	Purinergic signalling involving catabolism of ATP to adenosine by cell-surface enzymes CD39 and CD73 has anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects.	Adenosine	53-62	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	96-100
29486745-3	2018	Adenosine has different affinities for A1R and A2AR, allowing the heteromeric receptor to detect its concentration by integrating the downstream Gi- and Gs-dependent signals.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	47-51
29486745-8	2018	This mechanism provides the molecular basis for the operation of the A1-A2AHet as an adenosine concentration-sensing device that modulates the signals originating at both A1R and A2AR.	Adenosine	85-94	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	179-183
29274133-10	2018	Adenosine-induced hyperpolarization was mediated by background K+ currents that were reduced by halothane and bupivacaine, which are known to inhibit two-pore domain K+ (K2P) channels.	Adenosine	0-9	keratin 76	Homo sapiens	170-173
30357738-0	2018	Adenosine Mediates Hypercapnic Response in the Rat Carotid Body via A2A and A2B Receptors.	Adenosine	0-9	spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
30357738-10	2018	In conclusion, the effect of adenosine in mediating the hypercapnic response in the rat CB involves an effect on A2A and A2B adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	29-38	spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
29126977-6	2018	Therefore, it is generally believed that inosine is incapable of activating the A2AR through direct engagement, but indirectly activates the A2AR upon metabolic conversion to higher affinity adenosine.	Adenosine	191-200	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	141-145
29933938-3	2018	Adenosine-stress myocardial perfusion assessed by CT (CTP) recently demonstrated to be a feasible and accurate tool for evaluating the functional significance of coronary stenoses in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD).	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 25 member 1	Homo sapiens	50-52
29933938-3	2018	Adenosine-stress myocardial perfusion assessed by CT (CTP) recently demonstrated to be a feasible and accurate tool for evaluating the functional significance of coronary stenoses in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD).	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 25 member 1	Homo sapiens	54-57
28716651-3	2018	Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes, ADAR1 and ADAR2, convert adenosines in double-stranded RNA structures into inosines by hydrolytic deamination.	Adenosine	76-86	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	36-40
28716651-3	2018	Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes, ADAR1 and ADAR2, convert adenosines in double-stranded RNA structures into inosines by hydrolytic deamination.	Adenosine	76-86	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	51-56
29464038-8	2018	Surface expression of CD39 correlated strongly with the production of ADO as measured by mass spectrometry.	Adenosine	70-73	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
29055002-10	2017	Proportions of B lymphocytes expressing CD73, an ecto-enzyme operating in a pathway converting proinflammatory ATP to anti-inflammatory adenosine, were also temporarily increased by transient BAFFR-Fc treatment, but not anti-CD20 therapy.	Adenosine	136-145	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	40-44
28667437-5	2017	Remarkably, ecto-5"-nucleotidase/Nt5e/Cd73 enzyme, which accounts for the dominant adenosine-generating activity in the extracellular medium, is expressed by activated liver myofibroblasts.	Adenosine	83-92	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	12-32
29129909-1	2017	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is the master RNA editor, catalyzing the deamination of adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	100-109	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-35
29129909-1	2017	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is the master RNA editor, catalyzing the deamination of adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	100-109	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	37-42
28705714-3	2017	The molecular target was shown to be S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AHCY), which catalyzes reversible hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) to adenosine and L-homocysteine.	Adenosine	151-160	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	37-69
28705714-3	2017	The molecular target was shown to be S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AHCY), which catalyzes reversible hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) to adenosine and L-homocysteine.	Adenosine	151-160	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	71-75
28916770-0	2017	Changes in CD73, CD39 and CD26 expression on T-lymphocytes of ANCA-associated vasculitis patients suggest impairment in adenosine generation and turn-over.	Adenosine	120-129	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	17-21
28916770-0	2017	Changes in CD73, CD39 and CD26 expression on T-lymphocytes of ANCA-associated vasculitis patients suggest impairment in adenosine generation and turn-over.	Adenosine	120-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-30
28916770-1	2017	Extracellular adenosine, generated via the concerted action of CD39 and CD73, contributes to T-cell differentiation and function.	Adenosine	14-23	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	63-67
28916770-2	2017	Adenosine concentrations are furthermore influenced by adenosine deaminase binding protein CD26.	Adenosine	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-95
28547381-2	2017	High levels of extracellular ATP saturate the ATP hydrolysis enzymes CD39 and CD73 resulting in persistent high ATP levels despite the conversion to adenosine.	Adenosine	149-158	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	69-73
28547381-6	2017	The high levels of extracellular ATP and the upregulation of ecto-enzymes and soluble enzymes that hydrolyse ATP to adenosine (CD39 and CD73) increase the extracellular adenosine levels that inhibit the innate and adaptive immune responses rendering the host susceptible to infection by invading microorganisms.	Adenosine	116-125	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	127-131
28547381-6	2017	The high levels of extracellular ATP and the upregulation of ecto-enzymes and soluble enzymes that hydrolyse ATP to adenosine (CD39 and CD73) increase the extracellular adenosine levels that inhibit the innate and adaptive immune responses rendering the host susceptible to infection by invading microorganisms.	Adenosine	169-178	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	127-131
28828402-3	2017	We previously found that low-frequency stimulation (LFS) of temperoammonic (TA) inputs to area CA1 also depotentiates previously established SC LTP through a complex signaling pathway involving endocannabinoids, GABA, adenosine, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), but not glutamate.	Adenosine	218-227	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
28622804-6	2017	In the presence of adenosine, hairpin HP1 could form specific binding with adenosine and trigger the unfolding of HP1"s hairpin structure.	Adenosine	19-28	chromobox 5	Homo sapiens	38-41
28622804-6	2017	In the presence of adenosine, hairpin HP1 could form specific binding with adenosine and trigger the unfolding of HP1"s hairpin structure.	Adenosine	19-28	chromobox 5	Homo sapiens	114-117
28622804-6	2017	In the presence of adenosine, hairpin HP1 could form specific binding with adenosine and trigger the unfolding of HP1"s hairpin structure.	Adenosine	75-84	chromobox 5	Homo sapiens	38-41
28622804-6	2017	In the presence of adenosine, hairpin HP1 could form specific binding with adenosine and trigger the unfolding of HP1"s hairpin structure.	Adenosine	75-84	chromobox 5	Homo sapiens	114-117
28622804-10	2017	On the contrary, the absence of adenosine failed to unfold HP1, remaining color unchanged eventually.	Adenosine	32-41	chromobox 5	Homo sapiens	59-62
28130813-2	2017	A series of well-characterized PAMs for adenosine (A1 R, A2A R, A3 R) and muscarinic acetylcholine (M1 R, M5 R) receptors were modeled using both rigid and flexible receptor CHARMM-based molecular docking.	Adenosine	40-49	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	51-55
28093236-5	2017	Extracellular ATP can be hydrolyzed into adenosine in a two-step enzymatic process involving the ectonucleotidases CD39 (ecto-apyrase) and CD73.	Adenosine	41-50	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	115-119
28093236-5	2017	Extracellular ATP can be hydrolyzed into adenosine in a two-step enzymatic process involving the ectonucleotidases CD39 (ecto-apyrase) and CD73.	Adenosine	41-50	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	121-133
28398248-3	2017	RNA editing is a biochemical process in which either Adenosine or Cytosine is deaminated by a group of RNA editing enzymes including ADAR (Adenosine deaminase; RNA specific) or APOBEC3B (Apolipoprotein B mRNA Editing Enzyme Catalytic Subunit 3B).	Adenosine	53-62	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	133-137
27830476-4	2017	Human CD39 rapidly hydrolyzes ATP and ADP to AMP; AMP is hydrolyzed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to adenosine, an anti-thrombotic and cardiovascular protective mediator.	Adenosine	102-111	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	6-10
28373875-2	2017	One set of ectoenzymes-CD39, CD38, CD203a, and CD73-leads to the generation of adenosine (ADO) by metabolizing ATP and NAD+.	Adenosine	79-88	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	23-27
28373875-2	2017	One set of ectoenzymes-CD39, CD38, CD203a, and CD73-leads to the generation of adenosine (ADO) by metabolizing ATP and NAD+.	Adenosine	79-88	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	29-33
28373875-2	2017	One set of ectoenzymes-CD39, CD38, CD203a, and CD73-leads to the generation of adenosine (ADO) by metabolizing ATP and NAD+.	Adenosine	90-93	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	23-27
28373875-2	2017	One set of ectoenzymes-CD39, CD38, CD203a, and CD73-leads to the generation of adenosine (ADO) by metabolizing ATP and NAD+.	Adenosine	90-93	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	29-33
28288184-1	2017	CD73 works together with CD39 to convert extracellular ATP to immunoregulatory adenosine, thus inhibiting inflammation.	Adenosine	79-88	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	25-29
28292464-2	2017	Acidic pHo increases the uptake of adenosine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) via hENT4 in this cell type.	Adenosine	35-44	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	79-84
28216637-1	2017	Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing in transcripts encoding the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.1 converts an isoleucine to valine codon for amino acid 400, speeding channel recovery from inactivation.	Adenosine	0-9	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	93-98
27988461-9	2017	However, in the presence of CD73-expressing cells, ATP-mediated BMMC stimulation caused a marked degranulation in a CD73- and adenosine-dependent manner.	Adenosine	126-135	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	28-32
26898925-7	2017	Production of immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO) by functionally active ectonucleotidases, CD39 and CD73, was determined by luminescence and mass spectrometry.	Adenosine	32-41	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	90-94
26898925-7	2017	Production of immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO) by functionally active ectonucleotidases, CD39 and CD73, was determined by luminescence and mass spectrometry.	Adenosine	43-46	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	90-94
27334229-6	2017	Activation of cytoplasmic RNA sensors by processed RNAs is tightly controlled by their degradation through the machineries, such as RNA editing, by adenosine (A) deaminases that act on RNA 1 (ADAR1) and the RNA exosome.	Adenosine	148-157	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	192-197
27863387-1	2016	ADAR1, one of adenosine deaminases acting on RNA, modulates RNA transcripts through converting adenosine (A) to inosine (I) by deamination.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-5
27911956-5	2016	Together, these data suggest important roles of the A2B receptors and NaV1.5 channels in the Ado-induced increase in proliferation and migration of the MDA-MB 231 cells.	Adenosine	93-96	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5	Homo sapiens	70-76
27365148-1	2016	The adenosine modulation system mostly operates through inhibitory A1 (A1 R) and facilitatory A2A receptors (A2A R) in the brain.	Adenosine	4-13	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	94-114
27778347-4	2016	This review addresses how adenosine, through its high-affinity A1 (A1 R) and A2A receptors (A2A R), interferes with different GABA-mediated forms of inhibition in the hippocampus to regulate neuronal excitability.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	77-90
27778347-4	2016	This review addresses how adenosine, through its high-affinity A1 (A1 R) and A2A receptors (A2A R), interferes with different GABA-mediated forms of inhibition in the hippocampus to regulate neuronal excitability.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	92-97
27565610-3	2016	As cAMP-adenosine pathway is involved in sperm capacitation, we hypothesize that extracellular PDEs are functionally present in seminal plasma.	Adenosine	8-17	phosphodiesterase 10A	Bos taurus	95-99
28026807-4	2016	Administration of AMP or adenosine caused a decrease in activities of glutathione reductase (GR), GPx, catalase, a decrease in the MDA level and an increase in activities of AMPD and AD in the heart.	Adenosine	25-34	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	174-178
28026807-5	2016	In the liver AMP and adenosine also caused a decrease in activities of glutathione reductase (GR), GPx, a decrease in the MDA level and an increase in activities of AMPD and AD.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	165-169
27185203-1	2016	As one member of ADAR family, ADAR1 (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1) can convert adenosine to inosine within dsRNA.	Adenosine	37-46	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	30-35
27473274-0	2016	Caffeine intake inverts the effect of adenosine on myocardial perfusion during stress as measured by T1 mapping.	Adenosine	38-47	CD5 molecule	Homo sapiens	101-103
27473274-12	2016	Caffeine intake inverts the adenosine effect during stress perfusion CMR as measured by T1 mapping.	Adenosine	28-37	CD5 molecule	Homo sapiens	88-90
27473274-13	2016	T1 reactivity can assess the adequacy of adenosine-induced stress in perfusion CMR.	Adenosine	41-50	CD5 molecule	Homo sapiens	0-2
26860875-17	2016	GBA1 mutations perturb normal mitochondria functioning by increasing generation of free radical species (ROS) and decreasing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, oxygen consumption, and membrane potential.	Adenosine	125-134	glucosylceramidase beta	Homo sapiens	0-4
27595325-0	2016	Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing controls cathepsin S expression in atherosclerosis by enabling HuR-mediated post-transcriptional regulation.	Adenosine	0-9	ELAV like RNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	96-99
29244467-8	2016	We can assume that the formation of complexes with the ADA ectopeptidases (CD26 and 5"-NC) for newly diagnosed IPT provides a balance CD26_ADA extracellular / intracellular adenosine and 5"-NC / adenosine and thereby adequate metabolism of immunocompetent cells.	Adenosine	173-182	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-79
29244467-8	2016	We can assume that the formation of complexes with the ADA ectopeptidases (CD26 and 5"-NC) for newly diagnosed IPT provides a balance CD26_ADA extracellular / intracellular adenosine and 5"-NC / adenosine and thereby adequate metabolism of immunocompetent cells.	Adenosine	173-182	tRNA isopentenyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	111-114
29244467-8	2016	We can assume that the formation of complexes with the ADA ectopeptidases (CD26 and 5"-NC) for newly diagnosed IPT provides a balance CD26_ADA extracellular / intracellular adenosine and 5"-NC / adenosine and thereby adequate metabolism of immunocompetent cells.	Adenosine	173-182	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	134-138
29244467-8	2016	We can assume that the formation of complexes with the ADA ectopeptidases (CD26 and 5"-NC) for newly diagnosed IPT provides a balance CD26_ADA extracellular / intracellular adenosine and 5"-NC / adenosine and thereby adequate metabolism of immunocompetent cells.	Adenosine	195-204	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-79
29244467-8	2016	We can assume that the formation of complexes with the ADA ectopeptidases (CD26 and 5"-NC) for newly diagnosed IPT provides a balance CD26_ADA extracellular / intracellular adenosine and 5"-NC / adenosine and thereby adequate metabolism of immunocompetent cells.	Adenosine	195-204	tRNA isopentenyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	111-114
29244467-8	2016	We can assume that the formation of complexes with the ADA ectopeptidases (CD26 and 5"-NC) for newly diagnosed IPT provides a balance CD26_ADA extracellular / intracellular adenosine and 5"-NC / adenosine and thereby adequate metabolism of immunocompetent cells.	Adenosine	195-204	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	134-138
27236363-2	2016	CD39 generates AMP, which is in turn used by the ecto-5"-nucleotidase CD73 to synthesize adenosine.	Adenosine	89-98	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
27104882-1	2016	ADAR1 is a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) editing enzyme that specifically converts adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	81-90	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-5
27313580-7	2016	The second is the conversion of adenosine triphosphate into adenosine by the ectonucleases CD39 and CD73 present on the surface of Tregs.	Adenosine	32-41	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	91-95
27063086-12	2016	ATP would be rapidly transformed into adenosine by the ectonucleotidase activities such as NTPDase I (CD39), and NT5E (CD73).	Adenosine	38-47	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	102-106
26964090-1	2016	CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase), a cell surface enzyme hydrolyzing AMP to adenosine, was lately demonstrated to play a direct role in tumor progression including regulation of tumor vascularization.	Adenosine	70-79	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
26964090-1	2016	CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase), a cell surface enzyme hydrolyzing AMP to adenosine, was lately demonstrated to play a direct role in tumor progression including regulation of tumor vascularization.	Adenosine	70-79	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	6-26
26964090-3	2016	Interstitial adenosine, accumulating in solid tumors due to CD73 enzymatic activity, is recognized as a main mediator regulating the production of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors, but the engagement of specific adenosine receptors in tumor progression in vivo is still poorly researched.	Adenosine	13-22	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	60-64
26787824-5	2016	Our results showed that circulating Tregs from cancer patients expressed high levels of CD39, an ectoenzyme mediating hydrolysis of ATP to AMP, as a rate-determining first step in the generation of immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	216-225	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	88-92
26731338-5	2016	Our results indicate that although MSCs express CD39 at low level and it colocalizes with CD73 in bulge areas of membranes, the most efficient adenosine production from adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) requires co-operation of MSCs and activated T cells.	Adenosine	143-152	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
26731338-9	2016	An efficient production of immunosuppressive adenosine is dependent on the concerted action of CD39-positive immune cells with CD73-positive cells such as MSCs or their EVs.	Adenosine	45-54	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	95-99
26920550-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Conditions of inflammatory tissue distress are associated with high extracellular levels of adenosine, due to increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) degradation upon cellular stress or the release of extracellular ATP upon cell death, which can be degraded to adenosine by membrane-bound ecto-enzymes like CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	104-113	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	327-331
26650818-6	2016	The inhibitory mechanism of MSCs might be contributed by CD73 on MSCs that cooperated with CD39 and CD73 on activated T cells to produce adenosine, resulting in inhibition of T-cell proliferation.	Adenosine	137-146	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	57-61
26650818-6	2016	The inhibitory mechanism of MSCs might be contributed by CD73 on MSCs that cooperated with CD39 and CD73 on activated T cells to produce adenosine, resulting in inhibition of T-cell proliferation.	Adenosine	137-146	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	100-104
26650818-8	2016	Hence, our study demonstrates that the CD73/adenosine pathway involves the immunomodulatory function of MSCs in autoimmune responses.	Adenosine	44-53	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	39-43
26439223-1	2016	It is known that adenosine excess due to monophosphate deaminase deficiency (AMPD1) can be linked to muscle problems.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	77-82
26673726-3	2016	While certain Trm10 orthologues specifically methylate either guanosine or adenosine at position 9 of tRNA, others have a dual specificity.	Adenosine	75-84	tRNA methyltransferase 10A	Homo sapiens	14-19
26611209-6	2016	Moreover, A2AR activation increased the fraction of non-uniformly responding cells in HL-1 myocyte cultures from 19 +- 3 to 51 +- 9 %; p &lt; 0.02, and electrical mapping in perfused porcine atria revealed that adenosine induced electrical alternans at longer cycle lengths, doubled the fraction of electrodes showing alternation, and increased the amplitude of alternations.	Adenosine	211-220	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	10-14
26642367-1	2016	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) is central to the generation of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	74-83	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-20
26642367-1	2016	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) is central to the generation of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	74-83	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	22-26
26642367-5	2016	Given that CD73-generated adenosine is central to regulating tissue protection and physiology in normal tissues, we hypothesized that CD73-generated adenosine in endometrial carcinoma induces an innate reflex to protect epithelial integrity.	Adenosine	26-35	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	11-15
26642367-5	2016	Given that CD73-generated adenosine is central to regulating tissue protection and physiology in normal tissues, we hypothesized that CD73-generated adenosine in endometrial carcinoma induces an innate reflex to protect epithelial integrity.	Adenosine	26-35	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	134-138
26642367-5	2016	Given that CD73-generated adenosine is central to regulating tissue protection and physiology in normal tissues, we hypothesized that CD73-generated adenosine in endometrial carcinoma induces an innate reflex to protect epithelial integrity.	Adenosine	149-158	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	11-15
26642367-5	2016	Given that CD73-generated adenosine is central to regulating tissue protection and physiology in normal tissues, we hypothesized that CD73-generated adenosine in endometrial carcinoma induces an innate reflex to protect epithelial integrity.	Adenosine	149-158	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	134-138
26642367-7	2016	We determined that CD73-generated adenosine induces cortical actin polymerization via adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) induction of a Rho GTPase CDC42-dependent conformational change of the actin-related proteins 2 and 3 (ARP2/3) actin polymerization complex member N-WASP.	Adenosine	34-43	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	19-23
26642367-9	2016	Together, these findings reveal that CD73-generated adenosine promotes epithelial integrity and suggest why loss of CD73 in endometrial cancer allows for tumor progression.	Adenosine	52-61	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	37-41
26642367-9	2016	Together, these findings reveal that CD73-generated adenosine promotes epithelial integrity and suggest why loss of CD73 in endometrial cancer allows for tumor progression.	Adenosine	52-61	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	116-120
26485095-1	2015	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes, ADAR1 and ADAR2, mediates adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, and their mRNA expressions are altered during developmental, physiological, and pathophysiological processes in the nervous system.	Adenosine	76-85	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-33
26485095-1	2015	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes, ADAR1 and ADAR2, mediates adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, and their mRNA expressions are altered during developmental, physiological, and pathophysiological processes in the nervous system.	Adenosine	76-85	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	35-39
26485095-1	2015	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes, ADAR1 and ADAR2, mediates adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, and their mRNA expressions are altered during developmental, physiological, and pathophysiological processes in the nervous system.	Adenosine	76-85	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	50-55
27141365-1	2016	Adenosine, deriving from ATP released by dying cancer cells and then degradated in the tumor environment by CD39/CD73 enzyme axis, is linked to the generation of an immunosuppressed niche favoring the onset of neoplasia.	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	108-112
26416848-0	2015	Adenosine Attenuates Human Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by Inhibiting Multiple Signaling Pathways That Converge on Cyclin D. The goal of this study was to determine whether and how adenosine affects the proliferation of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs).	Adenosine	0-9	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens	135-141
26545615-1	2015	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), an enzyme providing interstitial adenosine, mediates diverse physiological and pathological responses.	Adenosine	62-71	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-20
26545615-1	2015	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), an enzyme providing interstitial adenosine, mediates diverse physiological and pathological responses.	Adenosine	62-71	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	22-26
26545615-15	2015	Additionally, tumor cell CD73 is important in metastasis formation through adenosine-independent attachment to endothelium.	Adenosine	75-84	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	25-29
26113408-1	2015	The ectonucleotidase CD39 is pivotal in the conversion of immunostimulatory adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into immunosuppressive adenosine which potently inhibits host immune responses against cancer.	Adenosine	76-85	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	21-25
26372505-8	2015	Furthermore, a screen of the ADAR1 E1008X library with a reporter construct bearing an A G mismatch at the editing site suggests one role for the residue at position 1008 is to sense the identity of the base pairing partner for the editing site adenosine.	Adenosine	245-254	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	29-34
26573329-1	2015	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAH hydrolase or SAHH) is a highly conserved enzyme that catalyses the reversible hydrolysis of SAH to L-homocysteine (HCY) and adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	165-174	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	0-35
26573329-1	2015	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAH hydrolase or SAHH) is a highly conserved enzyme that catalyses the reversible hydrolysis of SAH to L-homocysteine (HCY) and adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	165-174	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	54-58
26573329-1	2015	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAH hydrolase or SAHH) is a highly conserved enzyme that catalyses the reversible hydrolysis of SAH to L-homocysteine (HCY) and adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	176-179	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	0-35
26573329-1	2015	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAH hydrolase or SAHH) is a highly conserved enzyme that catalyses the reversible hydrolysis of SAH to L-homocysteine (HCY) and adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	176-179	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	54-58
25980546-4	2015	The aim of this study was to investigate whether adenosine may affect microglia functions by acting on HIF-1alpha modulation.	Adenosine	49-58	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	103-113
25980546-6	2015	Adenosine increased LPS-induced HIF-1alpha accumulation leading to an increase in HIF-1alpha target genes involved in cell metabolism [glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1)] and pathogens killing [inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS)] but did not induce HIF-1alpha dependent genes related to angiogenesis [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] and inflammation [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)].	Adenosine	0-9	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	32-42
25980546-6	2015	Adenosine increased LPS-induced HIF-1alpha accumulation leading to an increase in HIF-1alpha target genes involved in cell metabolism [glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1)] and pathogens killing [inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS)] but did not induce HIF-1alpha dependent genes related to angiogenesis [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] and inflammation [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)].	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	135-156
25980546-6	2015	Adenosine increased LPS-induced HIF-1alpha accumulation leading to an increase in HIF-1alpha target genes involved in cell metabolism [glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1)] and pathogens killing [inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS)] but did not induce HIF-1alpha dependent genes related to angiogenesis [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] and inflammation [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)].	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	158-164
25980546-6	2015	Adenosine increased LPS-induced HIF-1alpha accumulation leading to an increase in HIF-1alpha target genes involved in cell metabolism [glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1)] and pathogens killing [inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS)] but did not induce HIF-1alpha dependent genes related to angiogenesis [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] and inflammation [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)].	Adenosine	0-9	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	82-92
25980546-7	2015	The stimulatory effect of adenosine on HIF-1alpha and its target genes was essentially exerted by activation of A2A through p44/42 and A2B subtypes via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Akt phosphorylation.	Adenosine	26-35	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	39-49
25980546-7	2015	The stimulatory effect of adenosine on HIF-1alpha and its target genes was essentially exerted by activation of A2A through p44/42 and A2B subtypes via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Akt phosphorylation.	Adenosine	26-35	transformation related protein 53	Mus musculus	124-127
25980546-9	2015	In conclusion adenosine increases GLUT-1 and iNOS gene expression in a HIF-1alpha-dependent way, through A2A and A2B receptors, suggesting their role in the regulation of microglial cells function following injury.	Adenosine	14-23	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	34-40
25980546-9	2015	In conclusion adenosine increases GLUT-1 and iNOS gene expression in a HIF-1alpha-dependent way, through A2A and A2B receptors, suggesting their role in the regulation of microglial cells function following injury.	Adenosine	14-23	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	71-81
26823801-1	2015	CD39/ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (ENTPD1) is a cell surface-located, rate-limiting enzyme in the generation of adenosine, and plays a crucial role in tumor development.	Adenosine	132-141	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-53
26823801-1	2015	CD39/ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (ENTPD1) is a cell surface-located, rate-limiting enzyme in the generation of adenosine, and plays a crucial role in tumor development.	Adenosine	132-141	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	55-61
26437436-1	2015	The ADAR proteins deaminate adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA which is one of the most abundant modifications present in mammalian RNA.	Adenosine	28-37	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	4-8
26330053-9	2015	Extracellular adenosine, which is efficiently generated through the catabolism of ATP via the CD39/CD73 ecto-nucleotidase axis, promotes BBB permeability by signaling through A1 and A2A ARs expressed on BBB cells.	Adenosine	14-23	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	99-103
26008223-6	2015	Indeed, ectonucleotidases have the ability to either terminate P2 receptor responses initiated by nucleoside triphosphates (ATP and UTP), and/or to favor the activation of ADP (e.g. P2Y1,12,13) and UDP (e.g. P2Y6) and/or adenosine (P1) specific receptors.	Adenosine	221-230	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Homo sapiens	182-186
26008223-6	2015	Indeed, ectonucleotidases have the ability to either terminate P2 receptor responses initiated by nucleoside triphosphates (ATP and UTP), and/or to favor the activation of ADP (e.g. P2Y1,12,13) and UDP (e.g. P2Y6) and/or adenosine (P1) specific receptors.	Adenosine	221-230	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	208-212
26150535-4	2015	CD73, also called ecto-5"-nucleotidase, occupies a strategic position in this pathway, as it is the main enzyme responsible for the generation of adenosine from ATP.	Adenosine	146-155	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
26150535-4	2015	CD73, also called ecto-5"-nucleotidase, occupies a strategic position in this pathway, as it is the main enzyme responsible for the generation of adenosine from ATP.	Adenosine	146-155	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	18-38
26059452-2	2015	CD39 has been reported to be a marker of regulatory immune cells and catalyzes extracellular hydrolysis of nucleotides to generate AMP and, in tandem with CD73, adenosine.	Adenosine	161-170	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
26009814-12	2015	We conclude that HS resuscitation exerts anti-inflammatory effects that involve panx1, CD39, CD73, and other ectonucleotidases, which produce the adenosine that blocks PMNs by stimulating their A2a receptors.	Adenosine	146-155	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	87-91
26261991-3	2015	Conventionally extracellular adenosine formation by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) during ischemia was thought to be negligible compared to the massive intracellular production, but controversial reports in the past demand further evaluation.	Adenosine	29-38	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	52-72
26261991-3	2015	Conventionally extracellular adenosine formation by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) during ischemia was thought to be negligible compared to the massive intracellular production, but controversial reports in the past demand further evaluation.	Adenosine	29-38	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	74-78
26261991-11	2015	The ecto-5"-nucleotidase derived extracellular formation of adenosine does not contribute substantially to adenosine"s well known cardioprotective effect in early phase ischemic preconditioning.	Adenosine	60-69	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	4-24
26080435-3	2015	We show that PCA3 controls PRUNE2 levels via a unique regulatory mechanism involving formation of a PRUNE2/PCA3 double-stranded RNA that undergoes adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR)-dependent adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing.	Adenosine	147-156	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	182-186
25833166-0	2015	Opiorphin-dependent upregulation of CD73 (a key enzyme in the adenosine signaling pathway) in corporal smooth muscle cells exposed to hypoxic conditions and in corporal tissue in pre-priapic sickle cell mice.	Adenosine	62-71	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	36-40
25833166-3	2015	A key enzyme in the adenosine pathway is CD73, an ecto-5"-nucleotidase (5"-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase; EC 3.1.3.5) which catalyzes the conversion of adenosine mononucleotides to adenosine.	Adenosine	20-29	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	41-45
25833166-3	2015	A key enzyme in the adenosine pathway is CD73, an ecto-5"-nucleotidase (5"-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase; EC 3.1.3.5) which catalyzes the conversion of adenosine mononucleotides to adenosine.	Adenosine	20-29	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	50-70
25833166-3	2015	A key enzyme in the adenosine pathway is CD73, an ecto-5"-nucleotidase (5"-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase; EC 3.1.3.5) which catalyzes the conversion of adenosine mononucleotides to adenosine.	Adenosine	154-163	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	41-45
25833166-3	2015	A key enzyme in the adenosine pathway is CD73, an ecto-5"-nucleotidase (5"-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase; EC 3.1.3.5) which catalyzes the conversion of adenosine mononucleotides to adenosine.	Adenosine	154-163	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	50-70
25833166-8	2015	We previously demonstrated that expression of another component of the adenosine signaling pathway, the adensosine 2B receptor, can be regulated by sialorphin (the rat opiorphin homolologue), and we demonstrate that sialorphin also regulates CD73 expression in a dose- and time-dependent fashion.	Adenosine	71-80	submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B	Rattus norvegicus	148-158
25833166-8	2015	We previously demonstrated that expression of another component of the adenosine signaling pathway, the adensosine 2B receptor, can be regulated by sialorphin (the rat opiorphin homolologue), and we demonstrate that sialorphin also regulates CD73 expression in a dose- and time-dependent fashion.	Adenosine	71-80	submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B	Rattus norvegicus	216-226
25673044-5	2015	Previous studies have indicated that disturbed adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) expression is able to alter mRNA and miRNA adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) levels associated with cancer pathogenesis.	Adenosine	47-56	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	82-86
26328244-1	2015	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AHCY) hydrolyzes S-adenosylhomocysteine to adenosine and l-homocysteine, and it is already known that inhibition of AHCY decreased cell proliferation by G2/M arrest in MCF7 cells.	Adenosine	77-86	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	34-38
25765819-0	2015	A2b adenosine signaling represses CIITA transcription via an epigenetic mechanism in vascular smooth muscle cells.	Adenosine	4-13	class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator	Homo sapiens	34-39
25765819-4	2015	Here we report that activation of A2b adenosine signaling suppresses CIITA expression in human aortic smooth muscle cells.	Adenosine	38-47	class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator	Homo sapiens	69-74
26070128-8	2015	It has been proposed that ENT4 may also contribute to the regulation of extracellular adenosine in the heart, especially under the acidotic conditions associated with ischemia.	Adenosine	86-95	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	26-30
25645390-4	2015	The GI mGluR agonist DHPG induced both persistent oscillations in neuronal activity and the release of adenosine in areas CA1 and CA3.	Adenosine	103-112	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
28210690-9	2015	GMaM up-regulated CD39 and CD73, which allows the conversion of adenosine triphosphate into adenosine and coincided with the induction of Foxp3+ (forkhead-box-protein P3 positive) regulatory T cells (Treg) in cocultures of GMaM and naive T cells.	Adenosine	64-73	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	27-31
25950510-1	2015	Adenosine, an immunomodulatory biomolecule, is produced by the ecto-enzymes CD39 (nucleoside triphosphate dephosphorylase) and CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) by dephosphorylation of extracellular ATP.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	127-131
25950510-1	2015	Adenosine, an immunomodulatory biomolecule, is produced by the ecto-enzymes CD39 (nucleoside triphosphate dephosphorylase) and CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) by dephosphorylation of extracellular ATP.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	133-153
25950510-5	2015	Although adenosine generated through CD73 provides a feedback to control tissue damage mediated by a host immune response, it can also contribute to immunosuppression.	Adenosine	9-18	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	37-41
25779930-6	2015	In the current study, we showed that adenosine 2a receptor (A2aR), but not adenosine 1 receptor (A1R), is highly enriched in spinal (motor) neurons.	Adenosine	37-46	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	60-64
25717146-9	2015	MUO SVCs also displayed up-regulation of the A2AR, allowing extracellular adenosine to increase IL-1beta local secretion.	Adenosine	74-83	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	45-49
25855956-2	2015	Inosine is generated from adenosine (A) catalyzed by ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) enzymes in a process called A-to-I RNA editing.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	53-57
25855956-2	2015	Inosine is generated from adenosine (A) catalyzed by ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) enzymes in a process called A-to-I RNA editing.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	59-92
25644539-0	2015	Adenosine derived from ecto-nucleotidases in calcific aortic valve disease promotes mineralization through A2a adenosine receptor.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	107-129
25681339-3	2015	Extracellular adenosine can come from two sources: transport of intracellular adenosine and hydrolysis of extracellular adenine nucleotides by CD73.	Adenosine	14-23	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	143-147
25681339-11	2015	It also strengthens the notion that CD73-generated adenosine by nonhematopoietic cells plays a protective role in RA and suggests that strategies able to enhance CD73 activity or expression levels may be a valid therapeutic option.	Adenosine	51-60	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	36-40
25681339-11	2015	It also strengthens the notion that CD73-generated adenosine by nonhematopoietic cells plays a protective role in RA and suggests that strategies able to enhance CD73 activity or expression levels may be a valid therapeutic option.	Adenosine	51-60	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	162-166
25479719-11	2015	These effects are associated with the adenosine-CD73 signaling pathway.	Adenosine	38-47	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	48-52
25538227-6	2015	Mechanistically, we provided both human and mouse evidence that elevated placental CD73 is a key enzyme causing increased placental adenosine, thereby contributing to preeclampsia.	Adenosine	132-141	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	83-87
26155397-1	2015	We report that CD39-expressing-melanoma cells inhibited both T-cell proliferation and the generation of cytotoxic effectors in an adenosine-dependent manner, and that treatment with a CD39-blocking antibody alleviated tumor-mediated immunosuppression.	Adenosine	130-139	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	15-19
26155397-1	2015	We report that CD39-expressing-melanoma cells inhibited both T-cell proliferation and the generation of cytotoxic effectors in an adenosine-dependent manner, and that treatment with a CD39-blocking antibody alleviated tumor-mediated immunosuppression.	Adenosine	130-139	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	184-188
25519722-1	2015	An enzyme-linked immuno-mass spectrometric assay (ELIMSA) with the specific detection probe streptavidin conjugated to alkaline phosphatase catalyzed the production of adenosine from the substrate adenosine monophosphate (AMP) for sensitive quantification of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) by mass spectrometry.	Adenosine	168-177	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	259-290
25452548-0	2015	CD73-generated adenosine is critical for immune regulation during Toxoplasma gondii infection.	Adenosine	15-24	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
25452548-2	2015	Previously, we found that mice deficient in the ectoenzyme CD73, which generates adenosine in the extracellular matrix, were resistant to chronic toxoplasmosis after oral infection with T. gondii.	Adenosine	81-90	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	59-63
25452548-8	2015	Administration of the broad-spectrum adenosine receptor agonist 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) protected CD73(-/-) mice against T. gondii-induced immunopathology, suggesting that the absence of CD73-generated adenosine led to the increased susceptibility in these mice.	Adenosine	37-46	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	112-116
25790933-10	2015	CEPO but not EPO significantly increased gene expression of dopamine receptors 1 and 2, and adenosine receptor 2a, and significantly down-regulated adrenergic receptor 1D and gastrin releasing peptide.	Adenosine	92-101	erythropoietin	Mus musculus	1-4
25367157-7	2015	Based on known crystallographic structures of NADP(+) -bound DHFR and the model of the partially unfolded protein we previously determined, we propose that the adenosine-binding domain of DHFR remains folded in the partially unfolded form and interacts with the adenosine moiety of NADP(+) .	Adenosine	160-169	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli	61-65
25367157-7	2015	Based on known crystallographic structures of NADP(+) -bound DHFR and the model of the partially unfolded protein we previously determined, we propose that the adenosine-binding domain of DHFR remains folded in the partially unfolded form and interacts with the adenosine moiety of NADP(+) .	Adenosine	160-169	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli	188-192
25367157-7	2015	Based on known crystallographic structures of NADP(+) -bound DHFR and the model of the partially unfolded protein we previously determined, we propose that the adenosine-binding domain of DHFR remains folded in the partially unfolded form and interacts with the adenosine moiety of NADP(+) .	Adenosine	262-271	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli	61-65
25367157-7	2015	Based on known crystallographic structures of NADP(+) -bound DHFR and the model of the partially unfolded protein we previously determined, we propose that the adenosine-binding domain of DHFR remains folded in the partially unfolded form and interacts with the adenosine moiety of NADP(+) .	Adenosine	262-271	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli	188-192
25709759-6	2015	Recently, a novel strategy has emerged targeting adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) through the use of adenosine agonists.	Adenosine	49-58	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	74-78
25465225-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that adenosine generated by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) in the tumor microenvironment plays a major role in promoting tumor growth by suppressing the immune response and stimulating angiogenesis via A2A and A2B receptors.	Adenosine	47-56	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	70-90
25465225-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that adenosine generated by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) in the tumor microenvironment plays a major role in promoting tumor growth by suppressing the immune response and stimulating angiogenesis via A2A and A2B receptors.	Adenosine	47-56	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	92-96
25465225-3	2014	Therefore the aim of this study was to clarify the role of host CD73, which catalyzes the extracellular hydrolysis of AMP to adenosine, on tumor growth and metastasis of B16-F10 melanoma cells.	Adenosine	125-134	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	64-68
25188742-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Adenosine levels are regulated by ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 and adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	12-21	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	46-66
25188742-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Adenosine levels are regulated by ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 and adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	12-21	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	67-71
25129451-0	2014	Effect of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN) in astrocytes on adenosine and inosine formation.	Adenosine	53-62	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	10-30
25129451-0	2014	Effect of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN) in astrocytes on adenosine and inosine formation.	Adenosine	53-62	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	32-34
25129451-2	2014	Extracellularly, ATP is metabolized by a series of enzymes, including ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN; also known as CD73) which is encoded by the gene 5NTE and functions to form adenosine (ADO) from adenosine monophosphate (AMP).	Adenosine	172-181	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	70-90
25129451-2	2014	Extracellularly, ATP is metabolized by a series of enzymes, including ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN; also known as CD73) which is encoded by the gene 5NTE and functions to form adenosine (ADO) from adenosine monophosphate (AMP).	Adenosine	172-181	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	92-94
25129451-2	2014	Extracellularly, ATP is metabolized by a series of enzymes, including ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN; also known as CD73) which is encoded by the gene 5NTE and functions to form adenosine (ADO) from adenosine monophosphate (AMP).	Adenosine	172-181	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	110-114
25129451-2	2014	Extracellularly, ATP is metabolized by a series of enzymes, including ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN; also known as CD73) which is encoded by the gene 5NTE and functions to form adenosine (ADO) from adenosine monophosphate (AMP).	Adenosine	183-186	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	70-90
25129451-2	2014	Extracellularly, ATP is metabolized by a series of enzymes, including ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN; also known as CD73) which is encoded by the gene 5NTE and functions to form adenosine (ADO) from adenosine monophosphate (AMP).	Adenosine	183-186	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	92-94
25129451-2	2014	Extracellularly, ATP is metabolized by a series of enzymes, including ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN; also known as CD73) which is encoded by the gene 5NTE and functions to form adenosine (ADO) from adenosine monophosphate (AMP).	Adenosine	183-186	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	110-114
25129451-4	2014	We used astrocytes cultured from 5NTE (+/+) or 5NTE (-/-) mice to evaluate the role of eN expressed by astrocytes in the production of ADO and inosine (INO) in response to glucose deprivation (GD) or oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD).	Adenosine	135-138	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	87-89
25379658-5	2014	Here we find that mutation in torsinA induces ER stress, and inhibits the cyclic adenosine-3", 5"-monophosphate (cAMP) response to the adenylate cyclase agonist forskolin.	Adenosine	81-90	torsin family 1 member A	Homo sapiens	30-37
25268760-4	2014	Furthermore, compared to resting cells, activated gammadelta T cells expressed significantly lower levels of CD73, an enzyme involved in the generation of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	169-178	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	109-113
25268760-6	2014	Our results show that expression of increased amounts of A2AR allows gammadelta T cells to bind adenosine and thereby attenuate its suppressive effect, while decreased expression of CD73 results in less generation of adenosine in the inflammatory site.	Adenosine	217-226	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	182-186
24990899-1	2014	CD73 metabolizes extracellular 5"-AMP to adenosine; yet recent experiments in brain tissue suggest that CD73 is not required for the metabolism of 5"-AMP to adenosine because of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), which like CD73 is a GPI-anchored ecto-enyzme with 5"-nucleotidase activity.	Adenosine	41-50	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
24892887-0	2014	Increased striatal adenosine A2A receptor levels is an early event in Parkinson"s disease-related pathology and it is potentially regulated by miR-34b.	Adenosine	19-28	microRNA 34b	Homo sapiens	143-150
24749746-1	2014	While murine CD4(+) CD39(+) regulatory T cells (T(reg)) co-express CD73 and hydrolyze exogenous (e) adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO), surface co-expression of CD73 on human circulating CD4(+) CD39(+) T(reg) is rare.	Adenosine	100-109	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	13-16
24749746-1	2014	While murine CD4(+) CD39(+) regulatory T cells (T(reg)) co-express CD73 and hydrolyze exogenous (e) adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO), surface co-expression of CD73 on human circulating CD4(+) CD39(+) T(reg) is rare.	Adenosine	100-109	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	20-24
24749746-1	2014	While murine CD4(+) CD39(+) regulatory T cells (T(reg)) co-express CD73 and hydrolyze exogenous (e) adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO), surface co-expression of CD73 on human circulating CD4(+) CD39(+) T(reg) is rare.	Adenosine	161-164	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	13-16
24749746-1	2014	While murine CD4(+) CD39(+) regulatory T cells (T(reg)) co-express CD73 and hydrolyze exogenous (e) adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO), surface co-expression of CD73 on human circulating CD4(+) CD39(+) T(reg) is rare.	Adenosine	161-164	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	20-24
24970893-9	2014	On the other hand, activation of CREB with adenosine suppressed IL-6 expression.	Adenosine	43-52	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	33-37
25298788-3	2014	A recent demonstration that the mainly intracellular nucleoside transporter ENT3 shows much higher expression in freshly isolated astrocytes than in a corresponding neuronal preparation leads to the suggestion that it was important for the synthesis of gliotransmitter ATP from adenosine.	Adenosine	278-287	solute carrier family 29 member 3	Homo sapiens	76-80
24893272-3	2014	In the absence of ADA, the adenosine aptamer forms a hairpin-like conformation with adenosine, which is far from its complementary single-stranded DNA (DNAc-FI).	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	18-21
24893272-5	2014	After addition of ADA, adenosine is hydrolyzed to inosine and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) is formed between the aptamer and DNAc-FI, followed by EB intercalating into dsDNA.	Adenosine	23-32	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	18-21
24991094-8	2014	It is suggested that in addition to other proposed mechanisms, accumulated adenosine due to the inhibition of ADA enzyme might also play part in the anticancer properties of taxus species.	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	110-113
24670982-3	2014	CD39 (nucleoside triphosphate dephosphorylase) combined with ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) metabolizes ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	108-117	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	0-4
24024783-3	2014	Adenosine acts via specific GPCRs to either stimulate cyclic AMP formation, as exemplified by Gs -protein-coupled adenosine receptors (A2A and A2B ), or inhibit AC activity, in the case of Gi/o -coupled adenosine receptors (A1 and A3 ).	Adenosine	0-9	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	135-146
26417242-4	2014	However, concurrent determination of serum TNFalpha and enzymatic activities of ADA and its ADA1 and ADA2 isoenzymes, as the main regulators of adenosine concentration, has not yet been carried out.	Adenosine	144-153	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	80-83
26417242-12	2014	CONCLUSION: Adenosine deaminase activity is reduced in CHF patients to give rise to the concentration of adenosine, thereby attenuating pathologic consequences of CHF.	Adenosine	105-114	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	12-31
24624989-5	2014	The enzymatic reaction of adenosine catalyzed by adenosine deaminase plays a key role as well in the regulation of the hybridized complex.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	49-68
25147442-7	2014	In contrast, IL-10 did not alter these parameters but was able to reduce the prooxidant effects yielded by serotonin, adenosine, melatonin, or TNFalpha, in part by restoring the antioxidant enzymes activities.	Adenosine	118-127	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	13-18
25242873-4	2014	We first identified that HT-29 cells regulated adenosine and adenine nucleotide concentration at their surface by the expression of the ectoenzymes NTPDase2, ecto-5"-nucleotidase, and adenylate kinase.	Adenosine	47-56	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	148-156
24136993-1	2014	Interstitial adenosine stimulates neovascularization in part through A2B adenosine receptor-dependent upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).	Adenosine	13-22	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	118-152
24136993-1	2014	Interstitial adenosine stimulates neovascularization in part through A2B adenosine receptor-dependent upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).	Adenosine	13-22	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	154-158
24266925-9	2013	Our work supports the hypothesis that extracellular adenosine, generated in tandem by ecto-enzymes CD39 and CD73, promotes dermal fibrogenesis.	Adenosine	52-61	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	99-103
24106065-2	2013	More specifically, these ligands contain an adenosine moiety that is linked via its N(6) -position to the amino group of the saligenin-substituted ethanolamine moiety present in the well-known beta2 AR agonist, salbutamol.	Adenosine	44-53	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	193-201
23778007-2	2013	The majority of missense mutations of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) domains found in PCS impair the binding activity of PRKAG2 to adenosine derivatives, and therefore lead to PRKAG2 function impairment and AMPK activity alteration, resulting in a familial syndrome of ventricular preexcitation, conduction defects, and cardiac hypertrophy.	Adenosine	134-143	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 2	Homo sapiens	124-130
23817371-0	2013	Human beta-defensin 2 induces extracellular accumulation of adenosine in Escherichia coli.	Adenosine	60-69	defensin beta 4B	Homo sapiens	6-21
23817371-4	2013	Other cationic antimicrobial peptides tested presented variable outcomes with regard to extracellular adenosine accumulation; human beta-defensin 2 was the most efficient at inducing this response.	Adenosine	102-111	defensin beta 4B	Homo sapiens	132-147
23590299-4	2013	After inflammatory in vitro experiments, we observed a repression of ENT1 and ENT2 that was associated with an attenuation of extracellular adenosine uptake.	Adenosine	140-149	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	69-73
23504259-5	2013	Adenosine signaling suppresses the TLR-dependent expression of TNF-alpha, IL-12, IFN-gamma, and several other inflammatory cytokines by macrophages and induces the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and IL-10.	Adenosine	0-9	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	178-212
23504259-5	2013	Adenosine signaling suppresses the TLR-dependent expression of TNF-alpha, IL-12, IFN-gamma, and several other inflammatory cytokines by macrophages and induces the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and IL-10.	Adenosine	0-9	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	214-218
23504259-6	2013	We show here using mice lacking a functional IL-4Ralpha gene (IL-4Ralpha(-/-) mice) that this adenosine-mediated switch does not require IL-4Ralpha-dependent signaling.	Adenosine	94-103	interleukin 4 receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	45-55
23504259-6	2013	We show here using mice lacking a functional IL-4Ralpha gene (IL-4Ralpha(-/-) mice) that this adenosine-mediated switch does not require IL-4Ralpha-dependent signaling.	Adenosine	94-103	interleukin 4 receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	62-72
23504259-6	2013	We show here using mice lacking a functional IL-4Ralpha gene (IL-4Ralpha(-/-) mice) that this adenosine-mediated switch does not require IL-4Ralpha-dependent signaling.	Adenosine	94-103	interleukin 4 receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	62-72
23825434-9	2013	These data suggest that triple elimination of TNAP, PAP, and NT5E is required to block AMP hydrolysis to adenosine in DRG neurons and dorsal spinal cord.	Adenosine	105-114	alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney	Mus musculus	46-50
23877847-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by allopurinol increases hypoxanthine and xanthine, which are converted to purines, including the inhibitory neuromodulator adenosine.	Adenosine	167-176	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	26-42
23364452-3	2013	We investigated whether CD39, an ectonucleotidase that promotes the generation of extracellular adenosine, would mitigate diabetes in the T cell-mediated multiple low-dose streptozotocin (MLDS) model.	Adenosine	96-105	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	24-28
23716716-0	2013	An adenosine-mediated signaling pathway suppresses prenylation of the GTPase Rap1B and promotes cell scattering.	Adenosine	3-12	RAP1B, member of RAS oncogene family	Rattus norvegicus	77-82
23716716-7	2013	Our findings support a model in which high concentrations of extracellular adenosine, such as those that arise in the tumor microenvironment, can chronically activate A2B receptors to suppress Rap1B prenylation and signaling at the cell membrane, resulting in reduced cell-cell contact and promoting cell scattering.	Adenosine	75-84	RAP1B, member of RAS oncogene family	Rattus norvegicus	193-198
23584256-5	2013	Genetic and pharmacological studies in mice revealed that elevated CD73-mediated excess renal adenosine preferentially induced A2B adenosine receptor (ADORA2B) production and that enhanced kidney ADORA2B signaling contributes to angiotensin II-induced hypertension.	Adenosine	94-103	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	151-158
23500543-6	2013	Most strikingly, all agonists investigated (adenosine, NECA, BAY60-6583, CGS21680) showed strongly increased efficacies at the mutant A2B(EL2-A2A) as compared to the wt AR.	Adenosine	44-53	spectrin alpha, erythrocytic 1	Homo sapiens	138-141
23184610-12	2013	Plasma adenosine levels were significantly greater in ENT1(-/-) mice than in wild-type, consistent with loss of ENT1--a primary adenosine uptake pathway.	Adenosine	128-137	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	112-116
23600369-1	2013	CD39 (NTPDase1), a critical immune and vascular ecto-nucleotidase, hydrolyses pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic nucleotides (adenosine-5"-triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate) to adenosine.	Adenosine	127-136	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	0-4
23600369-1	2013	CD39 (NTPDase1), a critical immune and vascular ecto-nucleotidase, hydrolyses pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic nucleotides (adenosine-5"-triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate) to adenosine.	Adenosine	127-136	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	6-14
23638125-11	2013	Additional signaling pathways associated with hypoxia:adenosine included MAP kinase and CREB.	Adenosine	54-63	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	88-92
23202335-5	2013	After adding ADA in the test solution, adenosine will be converted to inosine regardless of the aptamer binding.	Adenosine	39-48	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	13-16
22751118-4	2013	CD39 ectonucleotidase is the rate-limiting enzyme of a cascade leading to the generation of suppressive adenosine that alters CD4 and CD8 T cell and natural killer cell antitumor activities.	Adenosine	104-113	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	134-137
23830383-0	2013	Genetic variability in copper-transporting P-type adenosine triphosphatase (ATP7B) is associated with Alzheimer"s disease in a Chinese population.	Adenosine	50-59	ATPase copper transporting beta	Homo sapiens	76-81
23345014-4	2013	MTT viability, BrdU and cell counting assays were used to study the cell proliferation effect of adenosine in presence of adenosine deaminase inhibitor and the nucleoside transporter inhibitor.	Adenosine	97-106	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	122-141
22805606-14	2013	Adenosine (0.1 mm) also inhibited the KCNQ1 currents by about 56%.	Adenosine	0-9	potassium channel, voltage gated KQT-like subfamily Q, member 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	38-43
23407968-11	2013	We conclude that adenosine and dopamine coregulate photoreceptor coupling through opposite action on the PKA pathway and Cx36 phosphorylation.	Adenosine	17-26	gap junction protein, delta 2	Mus musculus	121-125
23032072-0	2013	Striatal adenosine signaling regulates EAAT2 and astrocytic AQP4 expression and alcohol drinking in mice.	Adenosine	9-18	solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	39-44
23032072-0	2013	Striatal adenosine signaling regulates EAAT2 and astrocytic AQP4 expression and alcohol drinking in mice.	Adenosine	9-18	aquaporin 4	Mus musculus	60-64
23032072-11	2013	Overall, our findings indicate that adenosine signaling regulates EAAT2 and astrocytic AQP4 expressions, which control ethanol drinking in mice.	Adenosine	36-45	solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	66-71
23032072-11	2013	Overall, our findings indicate that adenosine signaling regulates EAAT2 and astrocytic AQP4 expressions, which control ethanol drinking in mice.	Adenosine	36-45	aquaporin 4	Mus musculus	87-91
22950421-9	2013	The analysis of ATP7B informative SNPs confirms our previous hypothesis about the absence of ATP7B in the significant loci of genome-wide association studies of AD and the genetic association study suggests that transmembrane and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) domains in the ATP7B gene may harbor variants/haplotypes associated with AD risk.	Adenosine	230-239	ATPase copper transporting beta	Homo sapiens	16-21
23324600-4	2013	The GLI1 mRNA is highly edited at nucleotide 2179 by adenosine deamination in normal cerebellum, but the extent of this modification is reduced in cell lines from the cerebellar tumor medulloblastoma.	Adenosine	53-62	GLI family zinc finger 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
23324600-7	2013	This adenosine to inosine substitution leads to a change from Arginine to Glycine at position 701 that influences not only GLI1 transcriptional activity, but also GLI1-dependent cellular proliferation.	Adenosine	5-14	GLI family zinc finger 1	Homo sapiens	123-127
23209284-4	2013	Surprisingly, mutations were detected in the Ig-Smu region of Bcl6-deficient IgM B cells without class-switch recombination, and these mutations were mainly generated by conversion of adenosine to guanosine, suggesting a novel DNA mutator in the B cells.	Adenosine	184-193	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 6	Mus musculus	62-66
23209284-8	2013	Thus, Bcl6 protects senescent cells from accumulation of adenosine-targeted DNA mutations induced by ADAR1.	Adenosine	57-66	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 6	Mus musculus	6-10
23152114-11	2013	Our data suggest that adenosine-induced relaxation in sEH(-/-) may depend on the upregulation of A(2A) AR, CYP2J, and PPARgamma, and the downregulation of A(1) AR and PPARalpha.	Adenosine	22-31	epoxide hydrolase 2, cytoplasmic	Mus musculus	54-57
24133903-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a hydrolytic enzyme involved in the deamination of adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	92-101	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	12-31
24133903-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a hydrolytic enzyme involved in the deamination of adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	92-101	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	33-36
22859060-2	2013	Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1; (CD39/ENTPD1) is an ectonucleotidase that regulates extracellular nucleotide/nucleoside concentrations by scavenging nucleotides to ultimately generate adenosine.	Adenosine	198-207	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	47-51
22859060-2	2013	Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1; (CD39/ENTPD1) is an ectonucleotidase that regulates extracellular nucleotide/nucleoside concentrations by scavenging nucleotides to ultimately generate adenosine.	Adenosine	198-207	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	52-58
23028059-2	2012	Previous studies have shown that extracellular adenosine is a prominent tissue-protective cue elicited during ischemia, including signaling events through the adenosine receptor 2b (Adora2b).	Adenosine	47-56	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	182-189
22360621-5	2012	Microdialysis experiments in 2",3"-cyclic nucleotide-3"-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) wild-type mice demonstrated that traumatic brain injury (controlled cortical impact model) activated the brain 2",3"-cAMP-adenosine pathway; similar experiments in CNPase knockout mice indicated that CNPase was involved in the metabolism of endogenous 2",3"-cAMP to 2"-AMP and to adenosine.	Adenosine	205-214	2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase	Mus musculus	75-81
22360621-5	2012	Microdialysis experiments in 2",3"-cyclic nucleotide-3"-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) wild-type mice demonstrated that traumatic brain injury (controlled cortical impact model) activated the brain 2",3"-cAMP-adenosine pathway; similar experiments in CNPase knockout mice indicated that CNPase was involved in the metabolism of endogenous 2",3"-cAMP to 2"-AMP and to adenosine.	Adenosine	363-372	2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase	Mus musculus	75-81
22169893-2	2012	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a "key" enzyme in the purine metabolism, promoting the deamination of adenosine, an important anti-inflammatory molecule.	Adenosine	99-108	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
22169893-2	2012	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a "key" enzyme in the purine metabolism, promoting the deamination of adenosine, an important anti-inflammatory molecule.	Adenosine	99-108	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
22431204-5	2012	An increase in adenosine levels in adenosine deaminase-deficient mice in vivo significantly augmented vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in cardiac Sca-1(+)CD31(-) stromal cells but not in Sca-1(+)CD31(+) endothelial cells.	Adenosine	15-24	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	102-136
22431204-5	2012	An increase in adenosine levels in adenosine deaminase-deficient mice in vivo significantly augmented vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in cardiac Sca-1(+)CD31(-) stromal cells but not in Sca-1(+)CD31(+) endothelial cells.	Adenosine	15-24	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	138-142
22431204-5	2012	An increase in adenosine levels in adenosine deaminase-deficient mice in vivo significantly augmented vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in cardiac Sca-1(+)CD31(-) stromal cells but not in Sca-1(+)CD31(+) endothelial cells.	Adenosine	15-24	lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus A	Mus musculus	166-171
22431204-5	2012	An increase in adenosine levels in adenosine deaminase-deficient mice in vivo significantly augmented vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in cardiac Sca-1(+)CD31(-) stromal cells but not in Sca-1(+)CD31(+) endothelial cells.	Adenosine	15-24	lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus A	Mus musculus	207-212
21919946-1	2012	Adenosine deaminase (ADA; E.C.3.5.4.4) catalyses the deamination of adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	68-77	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
21919946-1	2012	Adenosine deaminase (ADA; E.C.3.5.4.4) catalyses the deamination of adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	68-77	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
21919946-2	2012	In the human reproductive system, the importance of enzymes that affect metabolism of adenosine, particularly adenosine deaminase, has been noticed.	Adenosine	86-95	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	110-129
21919946-7	2012	This alteration in ADA activity can lead to reduced adenosine levels, which may be involved in disturbing the fertility process.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	19-22
22588937-0	2012	[Adenosine alleviates hypoxia-induced rat right ventricular hypertrophy through the NHE-1/CaN signal pathway].	Adenosine	1-10	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	84-89
22588937-6	2012	The NHE-1 and CnAbeta mRNA levels in hypoxia group were significantly higher than those in normoxia group, adenosine treatment group, hypoxia with CPA group, and hypoxia with NECA group(P&lt;0.001).	Adenosine	107-116	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
22588937-7	2012	CONCLUSION: Adenosine and its agonist can inhibit hypoxia-induced RVH in rats through the NHE-1/CaN signal pathway.	Adenosine	12-21	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	90-95
22421436-6	2012	In contrast, selective activation of postsynaptic CA1 neurons leads to release of adenosine and synaptic depression.	Adenosine	82-91	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	50-53
22233927-10	2012	Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation data showed that PKCepsilon but not PKCdelta was associated with TOM70 and HSP90, and this association was enhanced by adenosine treatment.	Adenosine	155-164	translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 70	Rattus norvegicus	101-106
22233927-11	2012	Moreover, adenosine-induced association of PKCepsilon with TOM70 was reduced by suppressing HSP90 expression with siRNA.	Adenosine	10-19	translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 70	Rattus norvegicus	59-64
22233927-12	2012	In conclusion, we demonstrate that adenosine induces HSP90-dependent translocation of PKCepsilon to mitochondria, possibly through mitochondrial import machinery TOM70.	Adenosine	35-44	translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 70	Rattus norvegicus	162-167
22240481-1	2012	BACKGROUND & AIMS: Wilson disease is a severe disorder of copper metabolism caused by mutations in ATP7B, which encodes a copper-transporting adenosine triphosphatase.	Adenosine	142-151	ATPase copper transporting beta	Homo sapiens	99-104
23650578-2	2012	Acute exposure to isoproterenol or adenosine enhanced PDK4 and PPARgamma mRNA gene expression in CON and MLP adipocytes.	Adenosine	35-44	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	63-72
23650578-2	2012	Acute exposure to isoproterenol or adenosine enhanced PDK4 and PPARgamma mRNA gene expression in CON and MLP adipocytes.	Adenosine	35-44	MARCKS-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
21857250-8	2012	PMN constitutively produce adenosine, so we added adenosine deaminase to the transwell assays and observed increased migration to ENA-78 across T84 monolayers.	Adenosine	27-36	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Homo sapiens	130-136
22378888-3	2012	In mice and rats we found that, to exert neuroprotection, CXCL16 requires the presence of extracellular adenosine (ADO), and that pharmacological or genetic inactivation of the ADO A(3) receptor, A(3)R, prevents CXCL16 effect.	Adenosine	104-113	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16	Rattus norvegicus	58-64
22378888-3	2012	In mice and rats we found that, to exert neuroprotection, CXCL16 requires the presence of extracellular adenosine (ADO), and that pharmacological or genetic inactivation of the ADO A(3) receptor, A(3)R, prevents CXCL16 effect.	Adenosine	115-118	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16	Rattus norvegicus	58-64
21859364-7	2012	However, adenosine deaminase acts on adenosine to convert it into inosine, thereby increasing adenosine deaminase activity in overweight and obese Indian subjects.	Adenosine	9-18	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	94-113
22020741-8	2012	We also confirmed that adenosine promoted the expression of several             growth factors that are responsible for hair growth, including fibroblast growth             factors (FGF)-7, FGF-2, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and vascular endothelial             growth factor (VEGF) in a cDNA microarray with semi-quantitative RT-PCR.	Adenosine	23-32	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	285-289
22020741-9	2012	Transcriptional             activation of beta-catenin in DP cells was increased by adenosine in a luciferase             assay.	Adenosine	84-93	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	42-54
22020741-12	2012	These results             suggest that adenosine stimulates growth of hair follicles by triggering the expression             of growth factors and beta-catenin, and by inducing their downstream target signaling             pathways.	Adenosine	39-48	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	148-160
22126400-4	2012	In light of this, we determined if the actions of adenosine on medial EC (mEC) layer II stellate neurons are augmented in TLE and by which receptor subtype.	Adenosine	50-59	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28	Mus musculus	70-72
22126400-4	2012	In light of this, we determined if the actions of adenosine on medial EC (mEC) layer II stellate neurons are augmented in TLE and by which receptor subtype.	Adenosine	50-59	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28	Mus musculus	74-77
22126400-13	2012	SIGNIFICANCE: Our data indicate that the actions of adenosine on mEC layer II stellate neurons is accentuated in TLE due to an upregulation of adenosine A(1)-receptors.	Adenosine	52-61	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28	Mus musculus	65-68
21926236-1	2012	Adenosine has been implicated in suppressing the proinflammatory responses of classically activated macrophages induced by Th1 cytokines.	Adenosine	0-9	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	123-126
21266914-4	2012	In endothelial cells, 60%, 10%, and 30% of adenosine transport are mediated by ENT-1, ENT-2, and CNT-2, respectively.	Adenosine	43-52	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	97-102
21266914-8	2012	It has been speculated that the increase in the activities of ENT-1 and CNT-2 may reduce the availability of adenosine to adenosine receptors, thereby weakening the vascular functions of adenosine.	Adenosine	109-118	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	72-77
21266914-8	2012	It has been speculated that the increase in the activities of ENT-1 and CNT-2 may reduce the availability of adenosine to adenosine receptors, thereby weakening the vascular functions of adenosine.	Adenosine	122-131	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	72-77
22761898-11	2012	These results do not support an important role for CD73 in the formation of adenosine in the CA1 area of the hippocampus during basal, hypoxic or ischemic conditions, but instead point to TNAP as a potential source of extracellular adenosine when CD73 is absent.	Adenosine	232-241	alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney	Mus musculus	188-192
22514659-1	2012	BACKGROUND: The ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73 are expressed by a broad range of immune cells and promote the extracellular degradation of nucleotides to anti-inflammatory adenosine.	Adenosine	167-176	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	28-32
22623885-3	2012	Adenosine concentration in tissues is maintained by the relative activities of the adenosine-producing enzyme, 5"-NU and the adenosine-degrading enzyme-ADA adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	152-155
22623885-3	2012	Adenosine concentration in tissues is maintained by the relative activities of the adenosine-producing enzyme, 5"-NU and the adenosine-degrading enzyme-ADA adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	156-175
22623885-3	2012	Adenosine concentration in tissues is maintained by the relative activities of the adenosine-producing enzyme, 5"-NU and the adenosine-degrading enzyme-ADA adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	125-134	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	152-155
22623885-3	2012	Adenosine concentration in tissues is maintained by the relative activities of the adenosine-producing enzyme, 5"-NU and the adenosine-degrading enzyme-ADA adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	125-134	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	156-175
21712262-5	2011	During the tachycardia phase following adenosine, QTc increased to 620 ms. Genetic analysis revealed a rare heterozygous polymorphism in KCNE1 predicting the substitution of asparagine for aspartic acid at position 85 of minK (D85N).	Adenosine	39-48	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E regulatory subunit 1	Homo sapiens	137-142
21402044-3	2011	Adenosine, amino-ddG, and amino-D4G could be converted by ADA to different extents under our experimental conditions.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	58-61
21430704-1	2011	CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) produce immunosuppressive adenosine by degradation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	75-84	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	157-161
21593380-2	2011	Previously implicated as an anti-inflammatory mediator in CD4(+) T cell regulation, we report that adenosine acts via dendritic cell (DC) A(2B) adenosine receptor (A(2B)AR) to promote the development of Th17 cells.	Adenosine	99-108	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	58-61
21593380-3	2011	Mouse naive CD4(+) T cells cocultured with DCs in the presence of adenosine or the stable adenosine mimetic 5"-(N-ethylcarboximado) adenosine resulted in the differentiation of IL-17- and IL-22-secreting cells and elevation of mRNA that encode signature Th17-associated molecules, such as IL-23R and RORgammat.	Adenosine	66-75	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	12-15
21593380-3	2011	Mouse naive CD4(+) T cells cocultured with DCs in the presence of adenosine or the stable adenosine mimetic 5"-(N-ethylcarboximado) adenosine resulted in the differentiation of IL-17- and IL-22-secreting cells and elevation of mRNA that encode signature Th17-associated molecules, such as IL-23R and RORgammat.	Adenosine	66-75	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	177-193
21593380-3	2011	Mouse naive CD4(+) T cells cocultured with DCs in the presence of adenosine or the stable adenosine mimetic 5"-(N-ethylcarboximado) adenosine resulted in the differentiation of IL-17- and IL-22-secreting cells and elevation of mRNA that encode signature Th17-associated molecules, such as IL-23R and RORgammat.	Adenosine	90-99	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	12-15
21593380-3	2011	Mouse naive CD4(+) T cells cocultured with DCs in the presence of adenosine or the stable adenosine mimetic 5"-(N-ethylcarboximado) adenosine resulted in the differentiation of IL-17- and IL-22-secreting cells and elevation of mRNA that encode signature Th17-associated molecules, such as IL-23R and RORgammat.	Adenosine	90-99	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	177-193
20546702-5	2011	Moreover, the notion that during ischemia or inflammation extracellular adenosine is dramatically elevated to levels sufficient for A2BAR activation, indicated that A2BAR signaling may be important to dampen inflammation particularly during tissue hypoxia.	Adenosine	72-81	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	132-137
20546702-5	2011	Moreover, the notion that during ischemia or inflammation extracellular adenosine is dramatically elevated to levels sufficient for A2BAR activation, indicated that A2BAR signaling may be important to dampen inflammation particularly during tissue hypoxia.	Adenosine	72-81	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	165-170
20603099-3	2011	In some cases, where A(2A)Rs are constitutively activated (e.g. by endogenous extracellular adenosine), the need for A(2A)R activation for the maintenance of the synaptic influences of BDNF can be envisaged from the loss of BDNF effects upon blockade of adenosine A(2A)Rs or upon removal of extracellular adenosine with adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	92-101	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	185-189
20603099-3	2011	In some cases, where A(2A)Rs are constitutively activated (e.g. by endogenous extracellular adenosine), the need for A(2A)R activation for the maintenance of the synaptic influences of BDNF can be envisaged from the loss of BDNF effects upon blockade of adenosine A(2A)Rs or upon removal of extracellular adenosine with adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	254-263	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	185-189
20603099-4	2011	In some other cases, it is necessary to enhance extracellular adenosine levels (e.g. depolarization) or to further activate A(2A)Rs (e.g. with selective agonists) to trigger a BDNF neuromodulatory role at the synapses.	Adenosine	62-71	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	176-180
21267638-9	2011	Further, pharmacologic preconditioning with S1P or adenosine was also blocked at reperfusion by antagonists of the pannexin-1/P2X7 channels indicating that pharmacologic preconditioning also requires opening of the channel at full reperfusion.	Adenosine	51-60	Pannexin 1	Rattus norvegicus	115-125
21172326-9	2011	These results suggest that the inhibition of ADA activity caused by alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone may affect the adenosine levels in LS and modulate cell viability, attenuating conditions that involve the activation of the immune system.	Adenosine	113-122	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	45-48
21149610-0	2011	Adenosine potentiates human lung mast cell tissue plasminogen activator activity.	Adenosine	0-9	chromosome 20 open reading frame 181	Homo sapiens	43-71
21149610-3	2011	Adenosine potentiated mast cell tPA activity and tPA gene expression in a dose-dependent manner.	Adenosine	0-9	chromosome 20 open reading frame 181	Homo sapiens	32-35
21149610-3	2011	Adenosine potentiated mast cell tPA activity and tPA gene expression in a dose-dependent manner.	Adenosine	0-9	chromosome 20 open reading frame 181	Homo sapiens	49-52
21149610-6	2011	Pharmacological and signaling studies suggest that the A(2A) receptor is the major subtype accounting for adenosine-induced mast cell tPA activity.	Adenosine	106-115	chromosome 20 open reading frame 181	Homo sapiens	134-137
21149610-8	2011	To our knowledge, this study provides the first data to demonstrate the potentiating effect of adenosine on mast cell tPA activity and fibrin clot lysis.	Adenosine	95-104	chromosome 20 open reading frame 181	Homo sapiens	118-121
21713039-4	2011	METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here, we report a novel dual-function compound, N(6)-(4-hydroxybenzyl)adenine riboside (designated T1-11) which activates the A(2A)R and a major adenosine transporter (ENT1).	Adenosine	177-186	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	200-204
21713039-6	2011	Molecular modeling analyses showed that T1-11 binds to the adenosine pockets of the A(2A)R and ENT1.	Adenosine	59-68	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	95-99
21365880-5	2010	Diverse studies suggest that seric and plasmatic levels of ADA rise in some diseases caused by microorganisms infecting mainly the macrophages and in hypertensive disorders, which may represent a compensatory mechanism resulting from increased adenosine levels and the release of hormones and inflammatory mediators estimulated by hipoxia.	Adenosine	244-253	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	59-62
21234122-4	2010	Transcriptomics screening of the human mast cell-line HMC-1 revealed a sharp induction of transcriptionally active NR4A2 and NR4A3 by the adenosine analogue NECA.	Adenosine	138-147	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens	115-120
20517649-1	2010	Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal-recessive copper overload disorder caused by mutations in the copper-transporting adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) ATP7B.	Adenosine	118-127	ATPase copper transporting beta	Homo sapiens	152-157
20931554-1	2010	UNLABELLED: Wilson disease is a copper metabolism disorder caused by mutations in ATP7B, a copper-transporting adenosine triphosphatase.	Adenosine	111-120	ATPase copper transporting beta	Homo sapiens	82-87
21036084-2	2010	At present, no drug or vaccine is available for the treatment and therapy of both viral infections, but the non-structural protein, nsP3, is a potential target for the design of potent inhibitors that fit at the adenosine-binding site of its macro domain.	Adenosine	212-221	SH2 domain containing 3C	Homo sapiens	132-136
20668053-12	2010	The present results show that: 1) bowel inflammation is associated with an enhanced adenosine deaminase expression; and 2) the anti-inflammatory actions of adenosine deaminase inhibitors against chronic established colitis depend on the sparing of endogenous adenosine, leading to enhanced A(2A) and A(3) receptor activation.	Adenosine	84-93	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	156-175
20930592-7	2010	In this model, using a clinically relevant mode of pharmacologic intervention, pERK 1/2-dependent A1-mediated cardioprotection requires a cooperative activation of A2 receptors, presumably through endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	208-217	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3	Mus musculus	79-83
20876874-3	2010	Here, through experiments involving fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and single-molecule imaging, we directly measured the mobilities of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) receptor 1 (cAR1), a chemoattractant receptor, and a G protein betagamma subunit in live cells.	Adenosine	154-163	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3	Homo sapiens	197-201
20013289-4	2010	We investigated the linkage between the serum levels of adenosine and interleukin 10 (IL-10) with IAP.	Adenosine	56-65	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	86-91
20573894-8	2010	Moreover, removal of endogenous adenosine or disruption of lipid rafts reduced BDNF stimulatory effects on glutamate release from cortical synaptosomes.	Adenosine	32-41	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	79-83
20416359-8	2010	The adenosine degrading enzyme, adenosine deaminase, mimicked the effects of DPCPX on the mEPSC frequency.	Adenosine	4-13	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	32-51
20345118-2	2010	While a well-designed oligonucleotide containing three functional regions (an adenosine aptamer region, a G-quadruplex halves region, and a linker region) is adopted in our strategy as the core element, the enzymatic reaction of adenosine catalyzed by adenosine deaminase plays a key role as well in the regulation of the binding of the G-quadruplex halves with hemin, the electroactive probe, which is to reflect the activity of the enzyme indirectly but accurately.	Adenosine	229-238	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	252-271
20140240-7	2010	SLC29A3 encodes an intracellular equilibrative nucleoside transporter (hENT3) with affinity for adenosine.	Adenosine	96-105	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 3	Mus musculus	0-7
20140240-7	2010	SLC29A3 encodes an intracellular equilibrative nucleoside transporter (hENT3) with affinity for adenosine.	Adenosine	96-105	solute carrier family 29 member 3	Homo sapiens	71-76
19846878-0	2009	Adenosine blocks IFN-gamma-induced phosphorylation of STAT1 on serine 727 to reduce macrophage activation.	Adenosine	0-9	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	54-59
19846878-5	2009	This investigation demonstrates that adding adenosine to IFN-gamma-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 and human THP-1 macrophages results in unique modulation of STAT1 serine and tyrosine phosphorylation events.	Adenosine	44-53	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	155-160
19846878-6	2009	We show that adenosine inhibits IFN-gamma-induced STAT1 S727 phosphorylation by &gt;30% and phosphoserine-mediated transcriptional activity by 58% but has no effect on phosphorylation of Y701 or receptor-associated JAK tyrosine kinases.	Adenosine	13-22	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
19846878-7	2009	Inhibition of the adenosine A(3) receptor with a subtype-specific antagonist (MRS 1191 in RAW 264.7 cells and MRS 1220 in THP-1 cells) reverses this adenosine suppressive effect on STAT1 phosphoserine status by 25-50%.	Adenosine	18-27	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	181-186
19846878-9	2009	These data suggest that A(3) receptor signaling is key to adenosine-mediated STAT1 modulation and anti-inflammatory action in IFN-gamma-activated mouse and human macrophages.	Adenosine	58-67	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Mus musculus	77-82
19846878-10	2009	Because STAT1 plays a key role in IFN-gamma-induced inflammation and foam cell transformation, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying STAT1 deactivation by adenosine may improve preventative and therapeutic approaches to vascular disease.	Adenosine	169-178	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	8-13
19846878-10	2009	Because STAT1 plays a key role in IFN-gamma-induced inflammation and foam cell transformation, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying STAT1 deactivation by adenosine may improve preventative and therapeutic approaches to vascular disease.	Adenosine	169-178	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	147-152
19467940-9	2009	CONCLUSIONS: The HYPD mannose binding lectin haplotype may predispose a subgroup of cystic fibrosis patients to a more severe liver involvement impairing the local defence mechanisms whereas the c.834-66G>T adenosine triphospate-binding cassette subfamily B member 4 variant may enhance the activity of the protein and thus exert a protective effect toward liver disease.	Adenosine	207-216	MAGE family member A3	Homo sapiens	17-21
19845893-4	2009	Since adenosine inhibits the expression of TNF-alpha, two functional polymorphisms in genes encoding enzymes participating in adenosine metabolism, i.e. AMP deaminase-1 (AMPD1, C34T) and adenosine deaminase (ADA, G22A), were analyzed.	Adenosine	126-135	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	187-206
19845893-4	2009	Since adenosine inhibits the expression of TNF-alpha, two functional polymorphisms in genes encoding enzymes participating in adenosine metabolism, i.e. AMP deaminase-1 (AMPD1, C34T) and adenosine deaminase (ADA, G22A), were analyzed.	Adenosine	126-135	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	208-211
19645715-1	2009	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: D-Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) is an intermediate in the glycolytic pathway, exerting pharmacological actions on inflammation by inhibiting cytokine production or interfering with adenosine production.	Adenosine	207-216	far upstream element (FUSE) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	24-51
19645715-1	2009	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: D-Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) is an intermediate in the glycolytic pathway, exerting pharmacological actions on inflammation by inhibiting cytokine production or interfering with adenosine production.	Adenosine	207-216	far upstream element (FUSE) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	53-56
19645715-6	2009	On the other hand, the antinociceptive effect of FBP was prevented by systemic and intraplantar treatment with an adenosine A(1) receptor antagonist (8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine), suggesting that the FBP effect is mediated by peripheral adenosine acting on A(1) receptors.	Adenosine	114-123	far upstream element (FUSE) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	49-52
19645715-6	2009	On the other hand, the antinociceptive effect of FBP was prevented by systemic and intraplantar treatment with an adenosine A(1) receptor antagonist (8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine), suggesting that the FBP effect is mediated by peripheral adenosine acting on A(1) receptors.	Adenosine	114-123	far upstream element (FUSE) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	207-210
19645715-7	2009	Giving FBP to mice increased adenosine levels in plasma, and adenosine treatment of paw inflammation presented a similar antinociceptive mechanism to that of FBP.	Adenosine	29-38	far upstream element (FUSE) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	7-10
19322680-3	2009	While prostatic acid phosphatase hydrolyzes phosphomonoesters other than 5"-nucleoside monophosphates these novel data suggest that, in addition to ecto-5"-nucleotidase and the alkaline phosphatases, prostatic acid phosphatase must be taken into account in future studies on extracellular adenosine production.	Adenosine	289-298	acid phosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	6-32
19450566-5	2009	In membrane excitability experiments, bath application of adenosine and CPA reversibly inhibited action potentials (AP) in subiculum neurons that were evoked by stimulation of the pyramidal cell layer of the CA1, but not by depolarizing current injection steps in subiculum neurons, suggesting a presynaptic mechanism of action.	Adenosine	58-67	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	208-211
19327339-8	2009	These data show that adenosine is deaminated by A(1) receptor-associated ADA to inosine, which in turn modulates PKA in the BLM through A(1) receptor-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	73-76
19427686-0	2009	CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells suppress contact hypersensitivity reactions through a CD39, adenosine-dependent mechanism.	Adenosine	89-98	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	0-3
19427686-0	2009	CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells suppress contact hypersensitivity reactions through a CD39, adenosine-dependent mechanism.	Adenosine	89-98	interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain	Mus musculus	4-8
19427686-0	2009	CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells suppress contact hypersensitivity reactions through a CD39, adenosine-dependent mechanism.	Adenosine	89-98	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	83-87
19427686-7	2009	As a source for Treg cell-derived adenosine, we identified the ectonucleotidase CD39 because CD39-deficient Treg cells did not prevent adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelium.	Adenosine	34-43	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	80-84
19427686-7	2009	As a source for Treg cell-derived adenosine, we identified the ectonucleotidase CD39 because CD39-deficient Treg cells did not prevent adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelium.	Adenosine	34-43	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	93-97
19375644-7	2009	CONCLUSION: We identified a significant role for the A2bAR in the regulation of TNF-alpha, which would contribute to the anti-inflammatory actions of adenosine under vascular stress.	Adenosine	150-159	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	53-58
19131477-6	2009	The potentiating effect on the sensitivity of CSLVA fibers to adenosine injection or lung inflation was completely blocked by pretreatment with capsazepine (a TRPV1 receptor antagonist) but was unaffected by pretreatment with AM281 (a CB1 receptor antagonist).	Adenosine	62-71	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	235-238
19019012-0	2009	A1 and A2a receptors mediate inhibitory effects of adenosine on the motor activity of human colon.	Adenosine	51-60	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	7-10
19256508-1	2009	The design and synthesis of novel adenosine-derived inhibitors of HSP70, guided by modeling and X-ray crystallographic structures of these compounds in complex with HSC70/BAG-1, is described.	Adenosine	34-43	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	66-71
19256508-1	2009	The design and synthesis of novel adenosine-derived inhibitors of HSP70, guided by modeling and X-ray crystallographic structures of these compounds in complex with HSC70/BAG-1, is described.	Adenosine	34-43	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8	Homo sapiens	165-170
19292472-4	2009	Hypertension and plasma lipid, nitric oxide, insulin, leptin, adiponectin levels, and glucose metabolism were significantly improved in the adenosine group.	Adenosine	140-149	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	62-73
19118101-4	2009	Intravascular administration of adenosine (n = 9) reduced insulin concentrations and elevated glucose and lactate levels.	Adenosine	32-41	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	58-65
19118101-8	2009	We conclude that 1) endogenous adenosine via A(1) receptors depresses plasma concentrations of insulin, glucose, and lactate; 2) exogenous adenosine via A(2A) receptors increases glucose and lactate levels, but these responses are dampened by stimulation of A(1) receptors; and 3) hypoxia, which increases endogenous adenosine concentrations, induces hyperglycemia that is partly mediated by activation of A(1) and A(2A) receptors.	Adenosine	31-40	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	95-102
18608782-2	2009	Adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme involved in purine metabolism, catalyzes the hydrolytic breakdown of adenosine into inosine and free ammonia.	Adenosine	106-115	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
18608782-2	2009	Adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme involved in purine metabolism, catalyzes the hydrolytic breakdown of adenosine into inosine and free ammonia.	Adenosine	106-115	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
19123823-3	2009	We find that in both the solvents the adenosine molecule can remain either in anti or syn conformations.	Adenosine	38-47	synemin	Homo sapiens	86-89
19123823-5	2009	Because of the relatively larger time scale for the interconversion, anti and syn conformational states of adenosine are studied separately in water and chloroform solvents using CPMD calculations.	Adenosine	107-116	synemin	Homo sapiens	78-81
19123823-7	2009	On the basis of the CPMD calculations, the syn form of adenosine in water has a larger dipole moment than the anti form.	Adenosine	55-64	synemin	Homo sapiens	43-46
19123823-8	2009	Moreover, the molecular geometry of anti and syn forms of adenosine in these two solvents is reported.	Adenosine	58-67	synemin	Homo sapiens	45-48
19104409-2	2008	Ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 are integral vascular and immune nucleotidases that regulate extracellular adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	107-116	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	18-22
18838091-1	2008	Adenosine is a potent mediator of myocardial protection against hypertrophy via A(1) or A(3) receptors that may be partly related to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release.	Adenosine	0-9	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	133-159
18838091-1	2008	Adenosine is a potent mediator of myocardial protection against hypertrophy via A(1) or A(3) receptors that may be partly related to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release.	Adenosine	0-9	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	161-164
18752325-5	2008	Here, we show that NKT cells express both CD39 and CD73/ecto-5"-nucleotidase and can therefore generate adenosine from extracellular nucleotides, whereas natural killer cells do not express CD73.	Adenosine	104-113	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	42-46
18758473-1	2008	Adenosine is a key endogenous molecule that regulates tissue function by activating four G-protein-coupled adenosine receptors: A1, A2A, A2B and A3.	Adenosine	0-9	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	132-135
18524989-7	2008	SCF-activated mast cells also exacerbated tumor immunosuppression by releasing adenosine and increasing T regulatory cells, which augmented the suppression of T cells and natural killer cells in tumors.	Adenosine	79-88	KIT ligand	Homo sapiens	0-3
18664027-0	2008	Intravenous adenosine reduces myocardial no-reflow by decreasing endothelin-1 via activation of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel.	Adenosine	12-21	endothelin-1	Sus scrofa	65-77
18664027-8	2008	CONCLUSION: The beneficial effect of adenosine on myocardial no-reflow could be due to its effect on ET-1 via the activation of K(ATP) channel.	Adenosine	37-46	endothelin-1	Sus scrofa	101-105
18391093-8	2008	Conversely, the adenosine analogue 2-chloro-adenosine significantly reduced cell size, mammalian target of rapamycin/p70 ribosomal S6 kinase activation, and atrial natriuretic peptide expression in cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes.	Adenosine	16-25	annexin A6	Homo sapiens	117-120
18218852-1	2008	Mutations in the adenosine deaminase (ADA) gene are responsible for a form of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) caused by the lymphotoxic accumulation of ADA substrates, adenosine and 2"-deoxy-adenosine.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	38-41
18218852-1	2008	Mutations in the adenosine deaminase (ADA) gene are responsible for a form of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) caused by the lymphotoxic accumulation of ADA substrates, adenosine and 2"-deoxy-adenosine.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	160-163
32907145-8	2008	The reason for this behaviour is that the thermal activation causes a redistribution of syn-anti conformations of adenosine headgroups, as indicated by spectroscopic results (NMR, CD, FTIR), which is then collectively frozen thanks to molecular constraints present in the aggregate.	Adenosine	114-123	synemin	Homo sapiens	88-91
18322229-7	2008	Both protein kinase A and protein kinase C mediated the adenosine-induced IL-6 release, at least partly via phosphorylation of CREB.	Adenosine	56-65	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	127-131
18055876-3	2008	We hypothesized that blocking thrombin receptor activation with a protease-activated receptor (PAR) 4 antagonist would unmask the cardioprotective effects of endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	169-178	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor	Rattus norvegicus	30-47
17693933-8	2008	Thus, adenosine differentially regulates the expression of ICAM-1 and the production of TNF-alpha through plural subtypes of receptors.	Adenosine	6-15	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	59-65
19706975-4	2008	A synergistic effect of SAH + Hcy + Ado on apoptosis (2.55-fold, P &lt; 0.05) was obtained, as calculated using the data of Annexin V-positive cells.	Adenosine	36-39	annexin A5	Mus musculus	124-133
17878054-3	2007	Adenosine deaminase eliminated both AMP- and adenosine-mediated growth inhibitions.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
17855772-11	2007	3-Deazaadenosine (DZA), an adenosine analogue, prevented high methionine-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression and collagen type-1 synthesis.	Adenosine	7-16	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	81-87
18045536-3	2007	Adenosine-stimulated CFTR-mediated chloride currents are potentiated by MRP4 inhibition, and this potentiation is directly coupled to attenuated cAMP efflux through the apical cAMP transporter.	Adenosine	0-9	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	21-25
17693413-6	2007	Adenosine had a similar effect to ATP at pH 7.2, but acidosis did not potentiate this effect, indicating that the phosphates of ATP are important for this cooperativity, possibly due to electrostatic interactions with protonatable residues of ClC-1.	Adenosine	0-9	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	243-248
17698621-3	2007	Adenosine kinase is also of high pharmacological interest, since for many adenosine antimetabolites, phosphorylation is a prerequisite for activity.	Adenosine	74-83	adenosine kinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-16
17919502-1	2007	BACKGROUND & AIMS: Wilson"s disease (WD) is characterized by hepatic copper overload and caused by mutations in the gene encoding the copper-transporting P-type adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) ATP7B.	Adenosine	161-170	ATPase copper transporting beta	Homo sapiens	195-200
17575165-1	2007	The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of adenosine and its stable analogue 2-chloroadenosine (CADO) on the cytotoxic activity and cytokine production by human antimelanoma specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-helper type 1 (Th1) clones.	Adenosine	57-66	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	197-200
17575165-2	2007	The cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells was inhibited by adenosine and CADO.	Adenosine	56-65	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	26-29
17575165-3	2007	Using Lab MAP multiplex technology, we found that adenosine inhibits production of various cytokines and chemokines by CD8+ and CD4+ T cells.	Adenosine	50-59	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	119-122
17548651-8	2007	Because ectoapyrase (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) are rate limiting for extracellular adenosine generation, we examined their contribution to ALI.	Adenosine	95-104	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	8-19
17548651-8	2007	Because ectoapyrase (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) are rate limiting for extracellular adenosine generation, we examined their contribution to ALI.	Adenosine	95-104	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	21-25
17374532-4	2007	In the present study, we examined the effect of adenosine at increasing concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 microM on the IL-18-enhanced expression of ICAM-1, production of IFN-gamma and IL-12 and lymphocyte proliferation during human mixed lymphocyte reaction.	Adenosine	48-57	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	154-160
17374532-5	2007	Adenosine inhibited the IL-18-initiated immune responses.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	24-29
17374532-6	2007	The IC(50) values of adenosine for inhibition of the IL-18-enhanced ICAM-1 expression, IFN-gamma production and lymphocyte proliferation were 20 microM, respectively.	Adenosine	21-30	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	53-58
17374532-6	2007	The IC(50) values of adenosine for inhibition of the IL-18-enhanced ICAM-1 expression, IFN-gamma production and lymphocyte proliferation were 20 microM, respectively.	Adenosine	21-30	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	68-74
17502665-0	2007	Adenosine generation catalyzed by CD39 and CD73 expressed on regulatory T cells mediates immune suppression.	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	34-38
17502665-6	2007	We conclude that CD39 and CD73 are surface markers of T reg cells that impart a specific biochemical signature characterized by adenosine generation that has functional relevance for cellular immunoregulation.	Adenosine	128-137	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	17-21
17425352-1	2007	The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase superfamily of enzymes (PDEs) catalyzes the stereospecific hydrolysis of the second messengers adenosine and guanosine 3",5"- cyclic monophosphate (cAMP, cGMP) to produce 5"-AMP and 5"-GMP, respectively.	Adenosine	135-144	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	195-198
17722647-7	2007	A physiological link between CNT2 function and intracellular metabolism is also supported by the evidence that extracellular adenosine can activate the AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK), by a mechanism which relies upon adenosine transport and phosphorylation.	Adenosine	125-134	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	29-33
17722647-7	2007	A physiological link between CNT2 function and intracellular metabolism is also supported by the evidence that extracellular adenosine can activate the AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK), by a mechanism which relies upon adenosine transport and phosphorylation.	Adenosine	214-223	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	29-33
17421024-1	2007	We previously reported that adenosine, through A(2A) receptor activation, potentiates synaptic actions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus of infant (3-4 weeks) rats.	Adenosine	28-37	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	106-139
17421024-1	2007	We previously reported that adenosine, through A(2A) receptor activation, potentiates synaptic actions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus of infant (3-4 weeks) rats.	Adenosine	28-37	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	141-145
17135404-11	2006	These data suggest A1 receptor-mediated p38 MAPK activation is a crucial step underlying the presynaptic inhibitory effect of adenosine on CA3-CA1 synaptic transmission.	Adenosine	126-135	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	139-146
18404470-7	2006	A series of in vitro studies suggests that cN-II might contribute to the regulation of 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) level, through the so-called oxypurine cycle, and in the production of intracellular adenosine, formed by ATP degradation.	Adenosine	212-221	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	43-48
16867213-1	2006	Antagonism of the A2A adenosine function has proved beneficial in the treatment of Parkinson"s disease, in that it increases L-dopa therapeutical effects without concomitant worsening of its side-effects.	Adenosine	22-31	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	18-21
16867213-2	2006	In this paper we describe a preferential A2A adenosine antagonist, ST 1535, with long-lasting pharmacodynamic effects.	Adenosine	45-54	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	41-44
16867213-3	2006	It competitively antagonizes the effects of the A2A adenosine agonist NECA on cAMP in cells cloned with the human A2A adenosine receptor (IC50=353+/-30 nM), and the effects of the A1 adenosine agonist CHA on cAMP in cells cloned with the human A1 adenosine receptor (IC50=510+/-38 nM).	Adenosine	52-61	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	48-51
16867213-4	2006	ST 1535, at oral doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg, antagonizes catalepsy induced by intracerebroventricular administration of the A2A adenosine agonist CGS 21680 (10 microg/5 microl) in mice.	Adenosine	125-134	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	121-124
16917093-0	2006	Adenosine inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-9 secretion by neutrophils: implication of A2a receptor and cAMP/PKA/Ca2+ pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	19-45
16917093-3	2006	The aim of our study was to determine the effect of adenosine on the secretion of MMP-9 by neutrophils.	Adenosine	52-61	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	82-87
16917093-7	2006	Adenosine (1 micromol/L) decreased the fMLP-induced MMP-9 secretion by 30+/-2% (n=8, P&lt;0.001).	Adenosine	0-9	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	52-57
16917093-8	2006	The effect was dose-dependent and was not specific to fMLP because adenosine also inhibited MMP-9 secretion by LPS- or H(2)O(2)-stimulated neutrophils.	Adenosine	67-76	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	92-97
16917093-13	2006	The inhibition of MMP-9 secretion by adenosine, as well as the calcium effect, was prevented by the protein kinase A inhibitor H-89.	Adenosine	37-46	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	18-23
16670267-4	2006	Guided by microarray results revealing induction of endothelial adenosine deaminase (ADA) mRNA in hypoxia, we used in vitro and in vivo models of adenosine signaling, confirming induction of ADA protein and activity.	Adenosine	64-73	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	85-88
16670267-9	2006	Taken together, these results reveal induction of ADA as innate metabolic adaptation to chronically elevated adenosine levels during hypoxia.	Adenosine	109-118	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	50-53
16469385-2	2006	In the apoptosis assay using propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V, treatment with adenosine (1mM) for 72h increased the population of PI-negative/annexin V-positive cells, that is related to early apoptosis, and that of PI-positive/annexin V-positive cells, that is related to late apoptosis/secondary necrosis.	Adenosine	81-90	annexin A5	Rattus norvegicus	55-64
16469385-2	2006	In the apoptosis assay using propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V, treatment with adenosine (1mM) for 72h increased the population of PI-negative/annexin V-positive cells, that is related to early apoptosis, and that of PI-positive/annexin V-positive cells, that is related to late apoptosis/secondary necrosis.	Adenosine	81-90	annexin A5	Rattus norvegicus	145-154
16469385-2	2006	In the apoptosis assay using propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V, treatment with adenosine (1mM) for 72h increased the population of PI-negative/annexin V-positive cells, that is related to early apoptosis, and that of PI-positive/annexin V-positive cells, that is related to late apoptosis/secondary necrosis.	Adenosine	81-90	annexin A5	Rattus norvegicus	145-154
16469385-12	2006	Extracellular adenosine, thus, appears to activate caspase-9 followed by the effector caspase, caspase-3, at least via two independent pathways linked to A(1) adenosine receptor-mediated adenylate cyclase inhibition and adenosine uptake into cells/conversion to AMP/activation of AMPK, possibly regardless of mitochondrial damage, thereby leading to RCR-1 cell death, dominantly by apoptosis.	Adenosine	14-23	caspase 8	Rattus norvegicus	51-58
16469385-12	2006	Extracellular adenosine, thus, appears to activate caspase-9 followed by the effector caspase, caspase-3, at least via two independent pathways linked to A(1) adenosine receptor-mediated adenylate cyclase inhibition and adenosine uptake into cells/conversion to AMP/activation of AMPK, possibly regardless of mitochondrial damage, thereby leading to RCR-1 cell death, dominantly by apoptosis.	Adenosine	159-168	caspase 8	Rattus norvegicus	51-58
16469385-13	2006	Moreover, caspase-8 activation could again contribute to adenosine-induced cytotoxicity, although the underlying mechanism is currently unknown.	Adenosine	57-66	caspase 8	Rattus norvegicus	10-19
16469385-14	2006	Collectively, the results of the present study may represent a new pathway for caspase activation relevant to diverse adenosine signals in cell death.	Adenosine	118-127	caspase 8	Rattus norvegicus	79-86
16761096-7	2006	The structure reveals that staurosporine occupies the position where the adenosine of ATP binds in TAO2, and the binding of the inhibitor mimics many features of ATP binding.	Adenosine	73-82	TAO kinase 2	Homo sapiens	99-103
16775665-6	2006	RESULTS: Compared with the control group, adenosine significantly decreased the area of no-reflow measured with both methods from 78.5 and 82.3% to 20.7 and 21.5% of ligation area, respectively (both P &lt; 0.01), reduced necrosis area, maintained VE-cadherin, beta-catenin and gamma-catenin levels in reflow myocardium (P &lt; 0.05-0.01).	Adenosine	42-51	cadherin 5	Sus scrofa	248-259
16673448-5	2006	We analyzed several knockout and transgenic mouse lines and found that adenosine-induced killing of mouse thymocytes requires Bim, occurs independently of "death receptor" signaling and is inhibited by Bcl-2 and Nur77.	Adenosine	71-80	BCL2-like 11 (apoptosis facilitator)	Mus musculus	126-129
16673448-6	2006	Collectively our data demonstrate that adenosine-induced cell death involves signaling pathways originally found in negative selection of thymocytes and suggest a determining role of Bim and a regulatory role for Nur77.	Adenosine	39-48	BCL2-like 11 (apoptosis facilitator)	Mus musculus	183-186
16515782-2	2006	Adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4) metabolizes extracellular adenosine, resulting in an exacerbation of inflammation.	Adenosine	59-68	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
16724628-2	2006	Adenosine is an important local hormone influencing immune function and tissue reactivity; because adenosine concentration is regulated by adenosine deaminase (ADA), we have investigated the possible effect of ADA polymorphism on the relationship between IgE and positive prick test.	Adenosine	99-108	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	139-158
16724628-2	2006	Adenosine is an important local hormone influencing immune function and tissue reactivity; because adenosine concentration is regulated by adenosine deaminase (ADA), we have investigated the possible effect of ADA polymorphism on the relationship between IgE and positive prick test.	Adenosine	99-108	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	160-163
16291925-10	2006	These results show that adenosine and catecholamine analogs activate sperm motility by mechanisms that require extracellular Ca2+, the atypical sperm adenylyl cyclase, cAMP, and protein kinase A.	Adenosine	24-33	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Mus musculus	168-194
16508015-1	2006	The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, acting through the downstream kinase MK2, regulates the stability of many proinflammatory mRNAs that contain adenosine/uridine-rich elements (AREs).	Adenosine	176-185	MAPK activated protein kinase 2	Homo sapiens	104-107
16399217-1	2006	The impact of age on the enzymatic activities of adenosine metabolic enzymes, i.e., adenosine deaminase, adenosine kinase, cytosolic- and ecto-5"-nucleotidase have been assessed in the brain sleep/wake regulatory areas of young, intermediate and old rats (2, 12 and 24 months, respectively).	Adenosine	49-58	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	84-103
16415880-1	2006	Bacterial tRNA adenosine deaminases (TadAs) catalyze the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine at the wobble position of tRNA(Arg2), a process that enables this single tRNA to recognize three different arginine codons in mRNA.	Adenosine	15-24	AT695_RS00230	Staphylococcus aureus	130-139
16415880-4	2006	Here we report the crystallization and structure determination to 2.0 A of Staphylococcus aureus TadA bound to the anticodon stem-loop of tRNA(Arg2) bearing nebularine, a non-hydrolyzable adenosine analog, at the wobble position.	Adenosine	188-197	AT695_RS00230	Staphylococcus aureus	138-147
16432215-2	2006	Human p14, a component of the spliceosomal U2 and U11/U12 snRNPs, has been shown to associate directly with the pre-mRNA branch adenosine early in spliceosome assembly and within the fully assembled spliceosome.	Adenosine	128-137	ribonuclease P/MRP subunit p14	Homo sapiens	6-9
16432215-5	2006	An analysis of RNA.protein crosslinking to wild-type and mutant p14 shows that the branch adenosine directly interacts with a conserved aromatic within a pocket on the surface of the complex.	Adenosine	90-99	ribonuclease P/MRP subunit p14	Homo sapiens	64-67
17012777-2	2006	Adenosine causes cytotoxicity, either when added exogenously or when generated from ATPo hydrolysis, via mechanisms which are not mutually exclusive and which involve, adenosine receptor activation, pyrimidine starvation and/or increases in intracellular S-adenosylhomocysteine: S-adenosylmethionine ratio.	Adenosine	0-9	ATP synthase peripheral stalk subunit OSCP	Homo sapiens	84-88
17012777-3	2006	Given that adenosine also appears to protect against cytotoxicity via mechanisms including immunity against damage by oxygen free radicals, an understanding of the contribution of adenosine to ATPo-induced cytotoxicity is thus crucial, when considering any potential therapeutic use for these compounds.	Adenosine	180-189	ATP synthase peripheral stalk subunit OSCP	Homo sapiens	193-197
17012777-5	2006	Such studies can benefit from use a range of ATPo concentrations when assessing the contribution of adenosine to ATPo-induced cytotoxicity.	Adenosine	100-109	ATP synthase peripheral stalk subunit OSCP	Homo sapiens	113-117
16600525-1	2006	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme which catalyzes adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
16600525-1	2006	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme which catalyzes adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
16600525-9	2006	ADA also has effect on the activation of complement system by the deamination of adenosine.	Adenosine	81-90	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-3
16600525-11	2006	Second, many effects produced by ADA are caused by the metabolism of adenosine.	Adenosine	69-78	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	33-36
16600525-15	2006	If adenosine is rapidly metabolized by the high level of ADA, the advantages of adenosine will lost.	Adenosine	3-12	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	57-60
16600525-15	2006	If adenosine is rapidly metabolized by the high level of ADA, the advantages of adenosine will lost.	Adenosine	80-89	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	57-60
16286581-0	2005	Adenosine-stimulated atrial natriuretic peptide release through A1 receptor subtype.	Adenosine	0-9	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	21-47
16286581-2	2005	The protective effect of adenosine may partly relate to the cardiac hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).	Adenosine	25-34	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	76-102
16141067-6	2005	Indeed, IP6 is also essential for in vivo and in vitro deamination of adenosine 37 of tRNAala by ADAT1.	Adenosine	70-79	adenosine deaminase tRNA specific 1	Homo sapiens	97-102
16245692-2	2005	The conformational models of the active site of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and its complexes in the basic state with adenosine and 13 isosteric analogues of the aza, deaza, and azadeaza series were constructed.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	69-72
15899864-2	2005	Upon interferon activation by dsRNA, 2",5"-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1A) is induced; it binds dsRNA and converts ATP into 2",5"-linked oligomers of adenosine (called 2-5A), which activate RNase L that in turn degrades viral and cellular RNAs.	Adenosine	154-163	ribonuclease L (2', 5'-oligoisoadenylate synthetase-dependent)	Mus musculus	194-201
15932708-7	2005	In adenosine treated group, the changes of SBP and DBP, left ventricular systolic pressure, +/- dp/dtmax, cardiac output, LVEDP and PCWP were the same as those in the control group after AMI and reperfusion, while left ventricular systolic pressure, +/- dp/dtmax, cardiac output, LVEDP and PCWP recovered significantly at 60 minutes of reperfusion compared with those at 6 hours AMI.	Adenosine	3-12	GC vitamin D binding protein	Sus scrofa	51-54
15802613-0	2005	Adenosine-dependent induction of glutathione peroxidase 1 in human primary endothelial cells and protection against oxidative stress.	Adenosine	0-9	glutathione peroxidase 1	Homo sapiens	33-57
15680468-7	2005	The rank order of potency for the increment of ANP release was adenosine&gt;ATP=ADP&gt;2-MesADP&gt;alpha,beta-MeATP.	Adenosine	63-72	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
15819883-10	2005	Finally, the alignment of the protein sequence of SsMTAPII with those of SsMTAP and human 5"-deoxy-5"-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (hMTAP) shows several key residue changes that may account why SsMTAPII, unlike hMTAP, is able to recognize adenosine as substrate.	Adenosine	112-121	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	137-142
15649894-6	2005	Functional analysis of the TM 1 and 11 mutants of hENT1 and CeENT1 revealed that Ala and Thr in the TM 1 and 11 positions, respectively, impaired uridine and adenosine transport and that Leu442 of hENT1 was involved in permeant selectivity.	Adenosine	158-167	Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter	Caenorhabditis elegans	60-66
15664128-8	2005	In mENT1 expressed on X. laevis oocyte, K(t) value of adenosine transport was 6.9 +/- 2.7 microM (and comparable to those in situ and in vitro studies).	Adenosine	54-63	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	3-8
15664128-9	2005	In conclusion, we characterized the adenosine transport across the BBB in mice by using in situ brain perfusion technique and MBEC4 cells and found that these transports share common characteristics with mENT1-mediated transport.	Adenosine	36-45	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	204-209
15664128-10	2005	Transport of adenosine across the BBB in mice may be attributable to mENT1.	Adenosine	13-22	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	69-74
15601553-2	2004	Adenosine analogues have the same bioactivities as adenosine, but are slowly deaminated by adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	91-110
15131243-8	2004	Moreover, PKCepsilon stimulates Ado uptake via the predominant NT in HL-1, mouse equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (mENT1).	Adenosine	32-35	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	81-119
15131243-8	2004	Moreover, PKCepsilon stimulates Ado uptake via the predominant NT in HL-1, mouse equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (mENT1).	Adenosine	32-35	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	121-126
15281007-2	2004	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a polymorphic enzyme that catalyses the irreversible deamination of adenosine to inosine and has an important role in regulating adenosine concentration.	Adenosine	97-106	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
15281007-2	2004	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a polymorphic enzyme that catalyses the irreversible deamination of adenosine to inosine and has an important role in regulating adenosine concentration.	Adenosine	97-106	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
15281007-2	2004	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a polymorphic enzyme that catalyses the irreversible deamination of adenosine to inosine and has an important role in regulating adenosine concentration.	Adenosine	158-167	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
15281007-2	2004	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a polymorphic enzyme that catalyses the irreversible deamination of adenosine to inosine and has an important role in regulating adenosine concentration.	Adenosine	158-167	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
15281007-3	2004	Based on the hypothesis that ACP1 counteracts insulin signaling by dephosphorylating the insulin receptor and that adenosine has an anti-insulin action, we reasoned that low ACP1 activity (low dephosphorylating action on insulin receptor) when associated with high ADA activity (low adenosine concentration) would result in a cumulative effect towards an increased glucose tolerance.	Adenosine	115-124	acid phosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	174-178
15281007-3	2004	Based on the hypothesis that ACP1 counteracts insulin signaling by dephosphorylating the insulin receptor and that adenosine has an anti-insulin action, we reasoned that low ACP1 activity (low dephosphorylating action on insulin receptor) when associated with high ADA activity (low adenosine concentration) would result in a cumulative effect towards an increased glucose tolerance.	Adenosine	283-292	acid phosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	174-178
15275960-6	2004	We conclude that a Ba(2+)- and 4-aminopyridine-sensitive K(+) channel in SG neurons is opened via the activation of A(1) receptors by adenosine whose level is possibly regulated by rENT1, adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	134-143	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	188-207
15240680-3	2004	In this study, we show that adenosine suppressed IL-2-dependent proliferation of CTLL-2 T cells by inhibiting STAT5a/b tyrosine phosphorylation that is associated with IL-2R signaling without affecting IL-2-induced phosphorylation of Jak1 or Jak3.	Adenosine	28-37	interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain	Mus musculus	168-173
15149841-3	2004	Since genes encoding ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) contain TCF/LEF consensus binding sites, we asked whether Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, a pathway that is deregulated in several human tumors, targets the expression of these genes and thus influence extracellular adenosine generation.	Adenosine	51-60	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	72-75
15086899-6	2004	In these 13 patients, we also sequenced two regions of the CLCN5 promoter (626 and 586 bp, respectively, 2.1 and 1 kb upstream of exon 2) containing regulatory sites [activating protein-1 (AP-1)-like, AP-4, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-receptor element binding protein (CREB)] and primary and secondary transcription start sites.	Adenosine	218-227	chloride voltage-gated channel 5	Homo sapiens	59-64
15087490-1	2004	Adenosine to inosine editing of mRNA from the human 5-HT2C receptor gene (HTR2C) occurs at five exonic positions (A-E) in a stable stem-loop that includes the normal 5" splice site of intron 5 and is flanked by two alternative splice sites.	Adenosine	0-9	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens	74-79
15009686-2	2004	Adenosine deaminase converts adenosine into inosine, and both adenosine and inosine can be beneficial for postischemic recovery.	Adenosine	29-38	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
14983235-18	2004	Treatment with NTPDase or adenosine supplementation abrogated the increased vascular permeability in ischemic jejunal specimens of both wild-type mice and cd39-null.	Adenosine	26-35	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	155-159
14630704-2	2004	Using CD26-transfected cells, we demonstrate that cell surface ADA (ecto-ADA) can regulate adenosine receptor engagement by degrading extracellular adenosine (Ado) to inosine.	Adenosine	91-100	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	63-66
14630704-2	2004	Using CD26-transfected cells, we demonstrate that cell surface ADA (ecto-ADA) can regulate adenosine receptor engagement by degrading extracellular adenosine (Ado) to inosine.	Adenosine	91-100	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	68-76
14630704-2	2004	Using CD26-transfected cells, we demonstrate that cell surface ADA (ecto-ADA) can regulate adenosine receptor engagement by degrading extracellular adenosine (Ado) to inosine.	Adenosine	159-162	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	63-66
14630704-2	2004	Using CD26-transfected cells, we demonstrate that cell surface ADA (ecto-ADA) can regulate adenosine receptor engagement by degrading extracellular adenosine (Ado) to inosine.	Adenosine	159-162	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	68-76
14630704-8	2004	When thymocytes incubated at high densities (to mimic the situation in tissues) were exposed to exogenous adenosine, the cAMP response was dramatically decreased by ecto-ADA.	Adenosine	106-115	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	165-173
15299191-4	2004	Adenosine is produced from AMP by the action of 5"-nucleotidase (5"-NT) and is converted back into AMP by adenosine kinase (AK) or into inosine by adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	147-166
14651954-7	2003	The p38 MAPK pathway inhibitor SB203580 but not the p42/44 MAPK pathway blocker PD98059 decreased adenosine-induced CREB activation, indicating that p38 MAPK but not p42/44 MAPK is an upstream mediator of CREB activation.	Adenosine	98-107	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	116-120
14651954-7	2003	The p38 MAPK pathway inhibitor SB203580 but not the p42/44 MAPK pathway blocker PD98059 decreased adenosine-induced CREB activation, indicating that p38 MAPK but not p42/44 MAPK is an upstream mediator of CREB activation.	Adenosine	98-107	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	205-209
14651954-8	2003	Thus, some of the immunomodulatory effects of adenosine in macrophages may be explained by its augmenting effect on CREB activation.	Adenosine	46-55	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	116-120
14504137-2	2003	We investigated the action of adenosine A2 receptor agonists on IL-6 and VEGF secretion in two murine FS cell lines (TtT/GF and Tpit/F1), and demonstrated a rank order of potency, 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA)&gt;2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine&gt;adenosine, suggesting mediation via the A2b receptor.	Adenosine	30-39	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	73-77
12875836-4	2003	Protein-facilitated splicing by CBP2 suppresses 11 of 30 interfering substitutions at the RNA backbone and a greater fraction, 27 of 41, at the adenosine base, including at structures conserved among group I introns.	Adenosine	144-153	serpin family H member 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
12875836-6	2003	This substitution, plus three adenosine base modifications that interfere more strongly in CBP2-dependent splicing than in self-splicing, yield a cost for protein facilitation of only four functional groups, as approximated by this set of analogs.	Adenosine	30-39	serpin family H member 1	Homo sapiens	91-95
12819231-1	2003	Regulation of renal apical Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) activity by adenosine has been suggested to contribute to acute control of mammalian Na(+) homeostasis.	Adenosine	65-74	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	27-45
12819231-1	2003	Regulation of renal apical Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) activity by adenosine has been suggested to contribute to acute control of mammalian Na(+) homeostasis.	Adenosine	65-74	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	47-51
12819231-2	2003	The mechanism by which adenosine controls NHE3 activity in a renal cell line was examined.	Adenosine	23-32	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	42-46
12819231-3	2003	The adenosine analog, N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) exerts a bimodal effect on NHE3: CPA concentrations &gt;10(-8) M inactivate NHE3, whereas concentrations &lt;10(-8) M stimulate NHE3 activity.	Adenosine	4-13	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	81-85
12819231-3	2003	The adenosine analog, N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) exerts a bimodal effect on NHE3: CPA concentrations &gt;10(-8) M inactivate NHE3, whereas concentrations &lt;10(-8) M stimulate NHE3 activity.	Adenosine	4-13	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	130-134
12819231-3	2003	The adenosine analog, N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) exerts a bimodal effect on NHE3: CPA concentrations &gt;10(-8) M inactivate NHE3, whereas concentrations &lt;10(-8) M stimulate NHE3 activity.	Adenosine	4-13	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	130-134
12883639-1	2003	Adenosine kinase (AK), a key enzyme in the regulation of the cellular concentrations of adenosine (A), is an important physiological effector of many cells and tissues.	Adenosine	88-97	adenosine kinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-16
12883639-1	2003	Adenosine kinase (AK), a key enzyme in the regulation of the cellular concentrations of adenosine (A), is an important physiological effector of many cells and tissues.	Adenosine	88-97	adenosine kinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	18-20
12883639-3	2003	Kinetic analysis of S. cerevisiae AK revealed K(m) values of (3.5+/-0.2) micromol/L for adenosine and (100.0+/-11.0) micromol/L for ATP, with k(cat) of (1530+/-20) min(-1) for adenosine and (1448+/-25) min(-1) for ATP.	Adenosine	88-97	adenosine kinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	34-36
12883639-3	2003	Kinetic analysis of S. cerevisiae AK revealed K(m) values of (3.5+/-0.2) micromol/L for adenosine and (100.0+/-11.0) micromol/L for ATP, with k(cat) of (1530+/-20) min(-1) for adenosine and (1448+/-25) min(-1) for ATP.	Adenosine	176-185	adenosine kinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	34-36
12531806-7	2003	Furthermore, bone marrow-derived syk(-/-) mast cells showed normal activation of the Akt, ERK, and p38 MAP kinase pathways when stimulated by the GPCR ligand adenosine.	Adenosine	158-167	spleen associated tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	33-36
12697717-8	2003	A 17 beta HSDXI construct with a stretch of 20 adenosines was found to produce significantly more enzyme activity than constructs containing 15 or less adenosines (43% vs. 26%, P &lt; 0.005).	Adenosine	47-57	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 11	Homo sapiens	2-15
12772776-3	2003	We report here that adenosine pretreatment of fMLF-stimulated neutrophils results in decreased plasma membrane/secretory granule content of the flavocytochrome b components (p22phox and gp91phox) of the NADPH oxidase, which correlates with inhibition of ROS production.	Adenosine	20-29	cytochrome b-245 beta chain	Homo sapiens	186-194
12554862-3	2003	The first class affects the stability of two higher-order complexes and comprises changes in two adenosines, A65 and A70, in the loop region previously identified as the binding site for the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP)-specific U1A protein.	Adenosine	97-107	small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide A	Homo sapiens	243-246
12119284-6	2002	For example, adenosine passed about 12-fold better through channels formed by Cx32.	Adenosine	13-22	gap junction protein beta 1	Homo sapiens	78-82
12119284-8	2002	Thus, addition of phosphate to adenosine appears to shift its relative permeability from channels formed by Cx32 to channels formed by Cx43.	Adenosine	31-40	gap junction protein beta 1	Homo sapiens	108-112
12057661-3	2002	100 times lower than adenosine-was modified with substitutions at positions 6 (6-fluoro, compound 6) and 8 (8-aza, compound 7) with the intent to improve the level of hydration and hence hydrolysis by ADA.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	201-204
12057661-4	2002	In these substrates the fused cyclopropane moiety constrains the cyclopentane ring to mimic the conformation of a furanose sugar in the North hemisphere of the pseudorotational cycle, which matches the conformation of the ribose ring of adenosine in complex with ADA.	Adenosine	237-246	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	263-266
12057661-5	2002	The order of susceptibility to ADA hydrolysis was adenosine&gt;&gt;(N)-MCdA (5) approximately equal to(N)-6F-MCdP (6)&gt;(N)-8-aza-MCdA (7).	Adenosine	50-59	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	31-34
12063302-2	2002	This study investigates the PKC signaling pathway in the late PC induced by activation of adenosine A(1) receptor (A(1)R) with adenosine agonist 2-chloro-N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA) and the effect on iNOS upregulation.	Adenosine	90-99	protein kinase C, delta	Mus musculus	28-31
12063302-10	2002	The data show that PKC is an important component of PC with adenosine agonist.	Adenosine	60-69	protein kinase C, delta	Mus musculus	19-22
12127822-6	2002	RESULTS: Blockade of PKC using CHE on day 1 eliminated both ADO- and IPC-induced microvascular protections seen on day 2.	Adenosine	60-63	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
12127822-8	2002	CONCLUSION: The overall results from these studies suggest that ischemic or ADO preconditioning induces late-phase microvascular protection in skeletal muscle by a PKC-dependent mechanism.	Adenosine	76-79	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	164-167
12117305-15	2002	Adenosine deaminase (1 U/mL) abolished the inhibitory effect of high ATP concentrations, indicating the involvement of the degradation product adenosine.	Adenosine	143-152	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
12469875-12	2002	These results suggest that thyroid hormones could be involved in the regulation of ectonucleotidase activities, such as ecto-ATP diphosphohydrolase and ecto-ATPase, possibly exerting a modulatory role in extracellular adenosine levels.	Adenosine	218-227	CEA cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-163
11968056-3	2002	Further, if guanosine, which increases the extracellular concentration of adenosine, also induced apoptosis determined using the TUNEL and Annexin V assays.	Adenosine	74-83	annexin A5	Rattus norvegicus	139-148
11988167-1	2002	Five adenosines within the coding sequence of the serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2C) pre-mRNA are converted to inosines by RNA editing (named A, B, C" (E), C, and D sites).	Adenosine	5-15	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens	73-79
11843119-9	2002	Adenosine treatment also significantly inhibited the LPS-induced increase in iNOS activity.	Adenosine	0-9	nitric oxide synthase 2	Equus caballus	77-81
11820942-1	2002	Ricin toxin A-chain (RTA), a ribosome-inactivating protein from seeds of the castor bean plant (Ricinus communis), inactivates eukaryotic ribosomes by hydrolyzing the N-glycosidic bond of a single adenosine residue in a highly conserved loop of 28S rRNA, but does not act on prokaryotic ribosomes.	Adenosine	197-206	RT1 class I, locus A	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
12440705-5	2002	Reverse transcription--polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed that HL-1 cells possess mouse equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 and 2 (mENT1, mENT2) and kinetic analyses indicate moderate-affinity (Km = 51.3 +/- 12.9 microM), NBTI-sensitive adenosine transport.	Adenosine	251-260	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	145-150
11739555-7	2001	Ecto-ADA protected activated lymphocytes from the toxic effects of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	81-90	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	5-8
11739555-8	2001	Therefore, this cell surface ADA control might constitute part of the fine immunoregulatory mechanism of adenosine-mediated signaling through purinergic receptors in leukocytes.	Adenosine	105-114	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	29-32
11432856-2	2001	Binding of adenosine (3-thiotriphosphate) (ATPgammaS), a nonhydrolyzable analog of ATP, to replication factor C with a N-terminal truncation (Delta2-273) of the Rfc1 subunit (RFC) was studied by filter binding.	Adenosine	11-20	replication factor C subunit 1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	161-165
11527539-8	2001	Adenosine deaminase inhibited the cAMP response to adenosine but had no effect on the ATP-induced cAMP response.	Adenosine	51-60	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
11583161-1	2001	Published results on the inhibitory effects of small cosolutes on adenosine deamination by adenosine deaminase [Kurz, L. C., Weitkamp, E., and Frieden, C. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 3027-3032; Dzingeleski, G., and Wolfenden, R. (1993) Biochemistry 32, 9143-9147] have been reexamined.	Adenosine	66-75	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	91-110
11583161-4	2001	There are thus experimental grounds for adopting the present description of the inhibitory effects of unrelated cosolutes on the kinetics of adenosine deamination by adenosine deaminase in terms of thermodynamic nonideality.	Adenosine	141-150	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	166-185
11296702-1	2001	On the basis of earlier suggested unitary mechanism of synaptic plasticity opposite effects of adenosine and dopamine on the cAMP concentration in striatal spinal cells can emphasize the well known antagonistic interactions between A2A and D2 receptors on striatopallidal cells and between A1 and D1 receptors on striatonigral cells.	Adenosine	95-104	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	232-242
11133223-0	2001	Adenosine attenuates reperfusion-induced apoptotic cell death by modulating expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins.	Adenosine	0-9	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Canis lupus familiaris	100-103
11133223-1	2001	This study tests the hypothesis that infarct reduction with adenosine (Ado) is associated with inhibition of apoptotic cell death by modulating expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and pro-apoptotic Bax proteins and reducing neutrophil accumulation.	Adenosine	60-69	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Canis lupus familiaris	197-200
11133223-1	2001	This study tests the hypothesis that infarct reduction with adenosine (Ado) is associated with inhibition of apoptotic cell death by modulating expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and pro-apoptotic Bax proteins and reducing neutrophil accumulation.	Adenosine	71-74	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Canis lupus familiaris	197-200
11551148-4	2001	It is likely that ecto-ATPase, regulating the concentration of ATP and adenosine in synaptic cleft, has important role in the processes of brain development and aging.	Adenosine	71-80	CEA cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-29
10986283-6	2000	Multiple proteins (84, 70, 44, and 37 kDa) bound this region, and the binding of 84- and 37-kDa (tentatively identified as the adenosine- or uridine-rich element-binding factor AUF1) proteins was enhanced in G(1), correlating with decreased Topo II mRNA levels.	Adenosine	127-136	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D	Homo sapiens	177-181
11087222-0	2000	Role for PKC in the adenosine-induced decrease in shortening velocity of rat ventricular myocytes.	Adenosine	20-29	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
11038259-4	2000	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a key enzyme involved in the metabolism of ADO.	Adenosine	72-75	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
11038259-4	2000	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a key enzyme involved in the metabolism of ADO.	Adenosine	72-75	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
10930370-7	2000	In contrast, the adenosine receptor 1 and 2 antagonists inhibited this secretory response, whereas the adenosine uptake inhibitors S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioguanosine and S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine and the adenosine deaminase inhibitor deoxycoformycin potentiated NT-induced Isc increase.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	209-228
10951561-4	2000	We report here that enhances, TR dependent transcriptional activation is conferred by P75gag-v-erbA when the thymidine in the half site recognition motif is exchanged for an adenosine.	Adenosine	174-183	thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	95-99
10952470-11	2000	The primacy of the adipocyte locus for the insulin effect included data that insulin"s action on liver is prevented when plasma NEFA are maintained, as well as data showing proportional decline in glucose production and fatty acids when antilipolysis is induced by an adenosine agonist.	Adenosine	268-277	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	43-50
10825445-7	2000	A similar pattern of sequential [(3)H]ATP dephosphorylation still occurs in the presence of ecto-ATPase inhibitors suramin, Ap(4)A and PPADS, but the appearance of the ultimate reaction product, adenosine, was significantly delayed.	Adenosine	195-204	CEA cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-103
10854778-2	2000	DRADA has been shown to deaminate specific adenosine residues in a subset of glutamate and serotonin receptors, and this editing results in proteins of altered sequences and functional properties.	Adenosine	43-52	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Danio rerio	0-5
10759594-5	2000	Functional evidence for the role of adenosine in muscle blood flow control stems from studies using adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists, adenosine deaminase or adenosine uptake inhibitors.	Adenosine	36-45	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	145-164
10792504-8	2000	These results suggest that PMA induces the transcriptional activation of the MCP-3 gene through de novo protein synthesis and the rapid decay of PMA-induced MCP-3 mRNA through de novo synthesis of adenosine/uridine (AU)-rich element binding proteins and cAMP signalling inhibits the PMA-induced transcriptional activation of the MCP-3 gene expression.	Adenosine	197-206	C-C motif chemokine ligand 7	Homo sapiens	157-162
10792504-8	2000	These results suggest that PMA induces the transcriptional activation of the MCP-3 gene through de novo protein synthesis and the rapid decay of PMA-induced MCP-3 mRNA through de novo synthesis of adenosine/uridine (AU)-rich element binding proteins and cAMP signalling inhibits the PMA-induced transcriptional activation of the MCP-3 gene expression.	Adenosine	197-206	C-C motif chemokine ligand 7	Homo sapiens	157-162
10704207-1	2000	Several recent X-ray crystal structures of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in complex with various adenosine surrogates have illustrated the preferred mode of substrate binding for this enzyme.	Adenosine	43-52	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	64-67
10813998-7	2000	The synthesized D- and L-adenine derivatives were tested as substrates of adenosine deaminase, which indicated that the D-adenosine derivative 4a was a good substrate of a mammalian adenosine deaminase from calf intestinal mucosa (EC 3.5.4.4) while its L-enantiomer 10a was a poor substrate.	Adenosine	120-131	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	74-93
10813998-7	2000	The synthesized D- and L-adenine derivatives were tested as substrates of adenosine deaminase, which indicated that the D-adenosine derivative 4a was a good substrate of a mammalian adenosine deaminase from calf intestinal mucosa (EC 3.5.4.4) while its L-enantiomer 10a was a poor substrate.	Adenosine	120-131	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	182-201
10596453-1	1999	BACKGROUND: Adenosine deaminase (ADA) catalyzes hydrolytic and irreversible deamination of deoxyadenosine into deoxyinosine and of adenosine into inosine, and is related to lymphocytic proliferation and differentiation.	Adenosine	96-105	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	33-36
10510459-5	1999	Adenosine deaminase abolished the response to adenosine but only reduced the response to ATP by about 50%.	Adenosine	46-55	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
10464142-2	1999	Absence of the multidrug-resistance protein 2 (MRP2; symbol ABCC2), an adenosine triphosphate-dependent conjugate export pump, from the hepatocyte canalicular membrane is the molecular basis of this syndrome.	Adenosine	71-80	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2	Homo sapiens	15-45
10464142-2	1999	Absence of the multidrug-resistance protein 2 (MRP2; symbol ABCC2), an adenosine triphosphate-dependent conjugate export pump, from the hepatocyte canalicular membrane is the molecular basis of this syndrome.	Adenosine	71-80	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2	Homo sapiens	47-51
10464142-2	1999	Absence of the multidrug-resistance protein 2 (MRP2; symbol ABCC2), an adenosine triphosphate-dependent conjugate export pump, from the hepatocyte canalicular membrane is the molecular basis of this syndrome.	Adenosine	71-80	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2	Homo sapiens	60-65
10457374-0	1999	Activation of A(1) adenosine or mGlu3 metabotropic glutamate receptors enhances the release of nerve growth factor and S-100beta protein from cultured astrocytes.	Adenosine	19-28	S100 calcium binding protein B	Rattus norvegicus	119-128
10488704-6	1999	RESULTS: Adenosine (100 microM) significantly inhibited TNF release and increased IL-10 production in whole blood cultures from controls stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, but not from cirrhotic patients.	Adenosine	9-18	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	82-87
10488704-8	1999	To test the hypothesis that plasma adenosine deaminase, which was increased in the patients" plasma, was actually involved in this blunted response to adenosine in alcoholic cirrhosis, we performed adenosine dose-response experiments and pharmacologically blocked adenosine deaminase activity with deoxycoformycin.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	264-283
10488704-8	1999	To test the hypothesis that plasma adenosine deaminase, which was increased in the patients" plasma, was actually involved in this blunted response to adenosine in alcoholic cirrhosis, we performed adenosine dose-response experiments and pharmacologically blocked adenosine deaminase activity with deoxycoformycin.	Adenosine	151-160	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	35-54
10455109-7	1999	The additional mutation of Ser(353) to Thr in TM 8 converted hCNT1/S319G/Q320M, from cib to cif, but with relatively low adenosine transport activity.	Adenosine	121-130	tetraspanin 16	Homo sapiens	46-50
10455109-8	1999	Additional mutation of Leu(354) to Val (which had no effect on its own) increased the adenosine transport capability of hCNT1/S319G/Q320M/S353T, producing a full cif-type transporter phenotype.	Adenosine	86-95	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	120-125
10430867-2	1999	We report here the identification and characterization of a human ADAR protein, hADAT1, that specifically deaminates adenosine 37 to inosine in eukaryotic tRNA(Ala).	Adenosine	117-126	adenosine deaminase tRNA specific 1	Homo sapiens	80-86
10444484-0	1999	Adenosine upregulates VEGF expression in cultured myocardial vascular smooth muscle cells.	Adenosine	0-9	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Canis lupus familiaris	22-26
10444484-1	1999	We tested whether adenosine has differential effects on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and whether A(1) or A(2) receptors (A(1)R; A(2)R) mediate these effects.	Adenosine	18-27	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Canis lupus familiaris	92-96
10444484-7	1999	The A(2)R antagonist 8-(3-chlorostyryl)-caffeine completely blocked adenosine-induced VEGF protein and mRNA expression and decreased baseline VEGF protein levels by up to approximately 60% under normoxic conditions but only by approximately 25% under hypoxic conditions.	Adenosine	68-77	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Canis lupus familiaris	86-90
10444484-9	1999	These results are consistent with the hypothesis that 1) adenosine increases VEGF protein and mRNA expression by way of A(2)R. 2) Adenosine plays a major role as an autocrine factor regulating VEGF expression during normoxic conditions but has a relatively minor role during hypoxic conditions.	Adenosine	57-66	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Canis lupus familiaris	77-81
10444484-9	1999	These results are consistent with the hypothesis that 1) adenosine increases VEGF protein and mRNA expression by way of A(2)R. 2) Adenosine plays a major role as an autocrine factor regulating VEGF expression during normoxic conditions but has a relatively minor role during hypoxic conditions.	Adenosine	57-66	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Canis lupus familiaris	193-197
10444484-9	1999	These results are consistent with the hypothesis that 1) adenosine increases VEGF protein and mRNA expression by way of A(2)R. 2) Adenosine plays a major role as an autocrine factor regulating VEGF expression during normoxic conditions but has a relatively minor role during hypoxic conditions.	Adenosine	130-139	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Canis lupus familiaris	77-81
10444484-9	1999	These results are consistent with the hypothesis that 1) adenosine increases VEGF protein and mRNA expression by way of A(2)R. 2) Adenosine plays a major role as an autocrine factor regulating VEGF expression during normoxic conditions but has a relatively minor role during hypoxic conditions.	Adenosine	130-139	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Canis lupus familiaris	193-197
10444484-10	1999	3) Endogenous adenosine can account for the majority of basal VEGF secretion by MVSMCs under normoxic conditions and could therefore be a maintenance factor for the vasculature.	Adenosine	14-23	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Canis lupus familiaris	62-66
10411597-8	1999	Adenosine deaminase (1 U/ml) and 8-SPT (25 microM), which nearly abolished the response to 1 microM adenosine, also reduced cAMP accumulation caused by AMP (-78 and -54%, respectively).	Adenosine	100-109	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
10398420-6	1999	We have investigated the ability for extracellular ATP and adenosine to influence the in vitro incorporation, either basal or GTH-, IGF-I- and suramin-stimulated, of 3H-thymidine (3H-Tdr) by trout Go.	Adenosine	59-68	insulin-like growth factor I	Oncorhynchus mykiss	132-137
10398420-14	1999	The stimulating effect of adenosine/ATP was additive with that of either GTH-I or IGF-I or suramin when the cells were from testes at the beginning of spermatogenesis, but adenosine suppressed their effect when the cells were from testes in mid-spermatogenesis.	Adenosine	26-35	insulin-like growth factor I	Oncorhynchus mykiss	82-87
10432493-1	1999	RNA encoding the rat serotonin 5-HT2C receptor undergoes editing whereby one to four adenosines are converted to inosines.	Adenosine	85-95	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens	21-46
10432493-4	1999	We analyzed 5-HT2C receptor editing in human brain and hypothalamic RNA samples and confirmed that all four adenosine editing sites observed in rat were also present in human samples.	Adenosine	108-117	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens	12-18
10551002-5	1999	Adenosine deaminase (0.2 U ml-1) totally annulled the inhibition of epileptiform activity produced by 10 microM adenosine but reduced only the later components of the inhibition by 10 microM diadenosine tetraphosphate and diadenosine pentaphosphate.	Adenosine	112-121	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
9843544-8	1998	In arteries precontracted with ET-1 (10(-8)-3 x 10(-8) M), relaxation to sodium nitroprusside (10(-8)-10(-4) M) was increased at 41 and 44 degreesC vs. at 37 degreesC, but that of ACh (10(-8)-10(-4) M) or adenosine (10(-8)-10(-4) M) was not different at all temperatures studied.	Adenosine	205-214	endothelin-1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	31-35
9832386-2	1998	infusion of adrenomedullin (ADM) alone and in combination with low-dose vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on adenosine-induced vasodepression in rats.	Adenosine	157-166	adrenomedullin	Rattus norvegicus	12-26
10087507-1	1998	Two Na(+)-dependent nucleoside transporters implicated in adenosine and uridine transport in mammalian cells are distinguished functionally on the basis of substrate specificity: CNT1 is selective for pyrimidine nucleosides but also transports adenosine; CNT2 (also termed SPNT) is selective for purine nucleosides but also transports uridine.	Adenosine	58-67	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	179-183
10087507-1	1998	Two Na(+)-dependent nucleoside transporters implicated in adenosine and uridine transport in mammalian cells are distinguished functionally on the basis of substrate specificity: CNT1 is selective for pyrimidine nucleosides but also transports adenosine; CNT2 (also termed SPNT) is selective for purine nucleosides but also transports uridine.	Adenosine	58-67	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	255-259
10087507-1	1998	Two Na(+)-dependent nucleoside transporters implicated in adenosine and uridine transport in mammalian cells are distinguished functionally on the basis of substrate specificity: CNT1 is selective for pyrimidine nucleosides but also transports adenosine; CNT2 (also termed SPNT) is selective for purine nucleosides but also transports uridine.	Adenosine	58-67	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	273-277
10087507-1	1998	Two Na(+)-dependent nucleoside transporters implicated in adenosine and uridine transport in mammalian cells are distinguished functionally on the basis of substrate specificity: CNT1 is selective for pyrimidine nucleosides but also transports adenosine; CNT2 (also termed SPNT) is selective for purine nucleosides but also transports uridine.	Adenosine	244-253	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	179-183
10087507-1	1998	Two Na(+)-dependent nucleoside transporters implicated in adenosine and uridine transport in mammalian cells are distinguished functionally on the basis of substrate specificity: CNT1 is selective for pyrimidine nucleosides but also transports adenosine; CNT2 (also termed SPNT) is selective for purine nucleosides but also transports uridine.	Adenosine	244-253	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	255-259
10087507-1	1998	Two Na(+)-dependent nucleoside transporters implicated in adenosine and uridine transport in mammalian cells are distinguished functionally on the basis of substrate specificity: CNT1 is selective for pyrimidine nucleosides but also transports adenosine; CNT2 (also termed SPNT) is selective for purine nucleosides but also transports uridine.	Adenosine	244-253	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	273-277
10087507-7	1998	In Xenopus oocytes, recombinant hCNT2 exhibited the functional characteristics of a Na(+)-dependent nucleoside transporter with selectivity for adenosine, other purine nucleosides and uridine (adenosine and uridine K(m) app values 8 and 40 microM, respectively).	Adenosine	144-153	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	32-37
10087507-7	1998	In Xenopus oocytes, recombinant hCNT2 exhibited the functional characteristics of a Na(+)-dependent nucleoside transporter with selectivity for adenosine, other purine nucleosides and uridine (adenosine and uridine K(m) app values 8 and 40 microM, respectively).	Adenosine	193-202	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	32-37
10087507-11	1998	hCNT2 is, therefore potentially involved in both the intestinal absorption and renal handling of purine nucleosides (including adenosine), uridine and purine nucleoside drugs.	Adenosine	127-136	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
9726984-5	1998	2"-Deoxycoformycin, an adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4) inhibitor, increased the potency of adenosine 5-fold, suggesting that the effectiveness of adenosine as an autophagy inhibitor was curtailed by its intracellular deamination.	Adenosine	92-101	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	23-42
9733916-0	1998	A comparison of the adenosine-mediated synaptic inhibition in the CA3 area of immature and adult rat hippocampus.	Adenosine	20-29	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
9742943-3	1998	p38-MAPK was rapidly phosphorylated and activated (10-fold activation, maximal at 5 min) by 10 mM adenosine, as was the p38-MAPK substrate, MAPKAPK2 (4.5-fold).	Adenosine	98-107	MAPK activated protein kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	140-148
9846158-1	1998	Chronic exposure of sheep adipose tissue to growth hormone (GH) in vitro decreases the ability of the adenosine analogue, N6-phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA), to inhibit isoprenaline-stimulated lipolysis by a mechanism which is dependent on both gene transcription and protein serine/threonine phosphorylation.	Adenosine	102-111	somatotropin	Ovis aries	44-58
9663849-8	1998	In addition, a combination of 1.2 nM VEGF with 10 microM ADO exceeded the stimulation in migration by ADO only and VEGF only.	Adenosine	57-60	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Canis lupus familiaris	37-41
9399998-0	1997	Regulation of adenosine concentration and cytoprotective effects of novel reversible adenosine deaminase inhibitors.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	85-104
9331174-5	1997	Rats receiving QA lesions and GFAP-hNGF-secreting grafts stem cell grafts displayed a sparing of striatal neurons immunoreactive (ir) for glutamic acid decarboxylase, choline acetyltransferase, and neurons histochemically positive for nicotinamide adenosine diphosphate.	Adenosine	248-257	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	30-39
9281613-12	1997	Taken together, the results suggest that the adenosine and alpha-phosphate moieties of ATP bind to critical residues in TM3 and TM7 on the exofacial side of the human P2Y1 receptor.	Adenosine	45-54	tropomyosin 3	Homo sapiens	120-123
9257914-2	1997	We investigated, by intravital microscopy in rats, the role of the subtypes of adenosine receptors A1 (A1/AR) and A2 (A2AR) in mediating adenosine-induced vasodilatation of second and third order arterioles of the diaphragm.	Adenosine	79-88	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A6	Rattus norvegicus	99-101
9257914-2	1997	We investigated, by intravital microscopy in rats, the role of the subtypes of adenosine receptors A1 (A1/AR) and A2 (A2AR) in mediating adenosine-induced vasodilatation of second and third order arterioles of the diaphragm.	Adenosine	79-88	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A6	Rattus norvegicus	103-108
9180903-6	1997	Submaximal doses of adenosine (10 nM-10 microM) were able to induce c-Fos expression in FRTL-5 cells.	Adenosine	20-29	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	68-73
9087581-3	1997	This inhibitory effect was concentration dependent, with a rank order of potency of NECA &gt; 2-chloroadenosine &gt; adenosine &gt;&gt; APNEA (an A3-adenosine-receptor agonist) &gt; CGS-21680 (an A2a agonist) &gt; CCPA (an A1 agonist).	Adenosine	102-111	adenosine A3 receptor	Canis lupus familiaris	146-167
9124315-8	1997	hCNT1 was 83% identical to rCNT1 in amino acid sequence and exhibited the transport characteristics of an Na+-dependent nucleoside transporter with selectivity for pyrimidine nucleosides and adenosine when expressed in Xenopus oocytes.	Adenosine	191-200	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
8985888-8	1996	The magnitude of the adenosine tonic inhibition was dependent on the number of pulses (250-750) delivered in each stimulation train, e.g., the facilitatory effect of adenosine deaminase (ADA, 0.5 U/ml) and the inhibitory effect of the adenosine uptake blocker S-(p-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI, 5 microM) reached significance only when &gt; 250 pulses were applied.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	166-185
8967974-3	1996	We investigated adenosine transport mediated by a recombinant pyrimidine-selective rat jejunal/kidney Na+/nucleoside cotransporter (rCNT1) expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and compared it with that mediated by a recombinant purine-selective rat jejunal/liver Na+/nucleoside cotransporter (rCNT2).	Adenosine	16-25	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	132-137
8967974-4	1996	Adenosine fluxes mediated by rCNT1 were 1 order of magnitude lower than those mediated by rCNT2.	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-34
8967974-5	1996	In kinetic studies, rCNT1 transported adenosine with an apparent Km value for influx (26 microM) similar to that for uridine but with a very much lower Vmax value, and the Vmax/Km ratios were 0.003 and 0.57 for adenosine and uridine, respectively.	Adenosine	38-47	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-25
8967974-5	1996	In kinetic studies, rCNT1 transported adenosine with an apparent Km value for influx (26 microM) similar to that for uridine but with a very much lower Vmax value, and the Vmax/Km ratios were 0.003 and 0.57 for adenosine and uridine, respectively.	Adenosine	211-220	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-25
8967974-7	1996	Uridine efflux was stimulated by extracellular uridine and inhibited by extracellular adenosine, suggesting that the rate of conversion of rCNT1 from its outward-facing conformation to its inward-facing conformation was increased when the transporter was complexed with uridine and decreased when it was complexed with adenosine.	Adenosine	86-95	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	139-144
8967974-7	1996	Uridine efflux was stimulated by extracellular uridine and inhibited by extracellular adenosine, suggesting that the rate of conversion of rCNT1 from its outward-facing conformation to its inward-facing conformation was increased when the transporter was complexed with uridine and decreased when it was complexed with adenosine.	Adenosine	319-328	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	139-144
8967974-8	1996	Thus, although rCNT1 binds adenosine and uridine with similar affinities, it kinetically favors transport of uridine.	Adenosine	27-36	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-20
8902190-1	1996	The aim of the present study was to find out whether activities of the enzymes controlling adenosine metabolism, 5"-nucleotidase (5NT) and adenosine deaminase (ADA), in the left ventricle of the rat"s heart change after 6 weeks of endurance or sprint training.	Adenosine	91-100	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	139-158
8902190-1	1996	The aim of the present study was to find out whether activities of the enzymes controlling adenosine metabolism, 5"-nucleotidase (5NT) and adenosine deaminase (ADA), in the left ventricle of the rat"s heart change after 6 weeks of endurance or sprint training.	Adenosine	91-100	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	160-163
8795616-2	1996	The present study demonstrates that increasing the intracellular concentration of adenosine in a single hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neuron selectively inhibits the excitatory postsynaptic potentials in that cell.	Adenosine	82-91	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	116-119
8795616-4	1996	The effects of adenosine could not be mimicked by an agonist at the intracellular adenosine P-site, but the effects could be antagonized by a charged adenosine receptor antagonist and by adenosine deaminase, demonstrating that the effect was mediated via adenosine acting at extracellular adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	187-206
8795616-8	1996	These data demonstrate that elevating the intracellular concentration of adenosine in a single CA1 pyramidal neuron induces the release of adenosine into the extracellular space in such a way that it selectively inhibits the excitatory inputs to that cell, and the data support the general conclusion that adenosine is a retrograde messenger used by pyramidal neurons to regulate their excitatory input.	Adenosine	73-82	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	95-98
8795616-8	1996	These data demonstrate that elevating the intracellular concentration of adenosine in a single CA1 pyramidal neuron induces the release of adenosine into the extracellular space in such a way that it selectively inhibits the excitatory inputs to that cell, and the data support the general conclusion that adenosine is a retrograde messenger used by pyramidal neurons to regulate their excitatory input.	Adenosine	139-148	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	95-98
8795616-8	1996	These data demonstrate that elevating the intracellular concentration of adenosine in a single CA1 pyramidal neuron induces the release of adenosine into the extracellular space in such a way that it selectively inhibits the excitatory inputs to that cell, and the data support the general conclusion that adenosine is a retrograde messenger used by pyramidal neurons to regulate their excitatory input.	Adenosine	139-148	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	95-98
8864701-2	1996	The competitive effect of endogenous adenosine on the binding properties of adenosine A1 receptors was estimated from differences in the binding of N6-cyclohexyladenosine measured in the absence and presence of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	37-46	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	211-230
8764607-10	1996	Another kinase inhibitor, 5"-amino 5"-deoxyadenosine, was effective in protecting neurons against dAdo but had no effect against adenosine toxicity.	Adenosine	43-52	ado	Drosophila melanogaster	98-102
8700147-5	1996	Recombinant rCNT1 transports physiological pyrimidine nucleosides and adenosine.	Adenosine	70-79	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-17
8713072-4	1996	Recombinant cNT1rat was sodium-dependent and selective for pyrimidine nucleosides, with approximately Km values of 21 microM, 12.5 microM and 15 microM for uridine, thymidine and adenosine, respectively.	Adenosine	179-188	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-16
8855408-1	1996	The possibility of determining the Michaelis constant of the irreversible deamination of adenosine to inosine by adenosine deaminase, using capillary electrophoresis, was investigated.	Adenosine	89-98	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	113-132
8666814-0	1996	Adenosine enhances IL-10 secretion by human monocytes.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	19-24
8666814-3	1996	Pre-incubation with adenosine dose-dependently enhanced IL-10 release by TNF stimulated human monocytes (+29, +58, and +116% at 1, 10, and 100 muM, respectively.)	Adenosine	20-29	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	56-61
8666814-4	1996	Adenosine also significantly enhanced IL-10 production after hydrogen peroxide and LPS stimulation and dose-dependently inhibited TNF secretion.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	38-43
8666814-6	1996	Blocking IL-10 with anti-IL-10 mAbs partially restored adenosine-induced TNF inhibition.	Adenosine	55-64	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	9-14
8666814-6	1996	Blocking IL-10 with anti-IL-10 mAbs partially restored adenosine-induced TNF inhibition.	Adenosine	55-64	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	25-30
8666814-8	1996	In conclusion, adenosine, in the submillimolar concentration range, increases IL-10 secretion by stimulated monocytes.	Adenosine	15-24	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	78-83
8763398-1	1996	We have demonstrated that adenosine enhances insulin-stimulated myocardial glucose uptake in situ.	Adenosine	26-35	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	45-52
8763398-2	1996	In the present study we determined the role of adrenergic influences and myocardial work on insulin-stimulated myocardial glucose uptake while varying intracoronary adenosine concentrations.	Adenosine	165-174	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	92-99
8763398-11	1996	Adenosine increased the maximal value for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake.	Adenosine	0-9	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	42-49
8707711-5	1996	Treatment with somatotropin decreased the response to antilipolytic agents such as the adenosine analog N6-phenylisopropyladenosine and prostaglandin E1.	Adenosine	87-96	somatotropin	Ovis aries	15-27
8963681-3	1996	The distribution of A1 receptors and this adenosine uptake site differed in the hippocampus where A1 receptors were highest in CA1 but the uptake site was low in CA1 and higher in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus.	Adenosine	42-51	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	127-130
8963681-3	1996	The distribution of A1 receptors and this adenosine uptake site differed in the hippocampus where A1 receptors were highest in CA1 but the uptake site was low in CA1 and higher in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus.	Adenosine	42-51	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	162-165
8720382-2	1996	These results support the suggestion that many pharmacological actions of flavonoids are mediated by an amplification of the effect of endogenous adenosine via adenosine receptors because adenosine deaminase is responsible for the adenosine inactivation.	Adenosine	146-155	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	188-207
8720382-2	1996	These results support the suggestion that many pharmacological actions of flavonoids are mediated by an amplification of the effect of endogenous adenosine via adenosine receptors because adenosine deaminase is responsible for the adenosine inactivation.	Adenosine	160-169	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	188-207
8769744-0	1996	Effects of adenosine analogues on tension and cytosolic Ca2+ in porcine coronary artery.	Adenosine	11-20	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	56-59
8769744-1	1996	This study evaluates the relaxing effects of adenosine analogues in relation to intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in porcine coronary artery.	Adenosine	45-54	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	99-102
8769744-1	1996	This study evaluates the relaxing effects of adenosine analogues in relation to intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in porcine coronary artery.	Adenosine	45-54	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	120-123
8846098-0	1995	Enhancement of NMDA-induced increases in levels of endogenous adenosine by adenosine deaminase and adenosine transport inhibition in rat striatum.	Adenosine	62-71	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	75-94
7473182-12	1995	At equiactive doses, the antihypertensive effects of adenosine agonists were shorter lasting [t1/2 for DBP were: CCPA, 54 (44-76) min, 2HE-NECA, 57 (46-71) min, CGS 21680, 45 (21-94) min, NECA, 61(38-97) min] than those of felodipine [t1/2 = 233 (182-274) min].	Adenosine	53-62	D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
8561302-0	1995	Combined inhibitory effects of ethanol and adenosine on the responses of rabbit platelets to thrombin.	Adenosine	43-52	prothrombin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	93-101
8561302-7	1995	However, when thrombin-induced aggregation was significantly reduced by 1 microM adenosine, ethanol, at 44 and 87 mM, further inhibited aggregation.	Adenosine	81-90	prothrombin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	14-22
8577368-0	1995	Adenosine antagonists potentiate D2 dopamine-dependent activation of Fos in the striatopallidal pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	69-72
8577368-8	1995	These results demonstrate that systemic administration of adenosine antagonists enhance D2 dopamine receptor-dependent regulation of c-Fos in the striatopallidal pathway.	Adenosine	58-67	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	133-138
7631858-0	1995	Adenosine modulates hypoxia-induced atrial natriuretic peptide release in fetal sheep.	Adenosine	0-9	natriuretic peptides A	Ovis aries	36-62
7631858-6	1995	Adenosine significantly increased fetal plasma ANP levels, with maximum concentrations 1.80, 2.36, and 2.51 times greater than control means (142-166 pg/ml) for the respective infusion rates of 8, 160, and 344 micrograms.min-1.kg estimated fetal wt-1.	Adenosine	0-9	natriuretic peptides A	Ovis aries	47-50
7631858-9	1995	It is concluded that adenosine causes a dose-dependent rise in fetal plasma ANP concentrations and modulates fetal ANP release during hypoxia.	Adenosine	21-30	natriuretic peptides A	Ovis aries	76-79
7631858-9	1995	It is concluded that adenosine causes a dose-dependent rise in fetal plasma ANP concentrations and modulates fetal ANP release during hypoxia.	Adenosine	21-30	natriuretic peptides A	Ovis aries	115-118
7759860-3	1995	CD8+ CTL transported adenosine into their cytoplasm at a rate of 2.3 x 10(-11) mmol/min/10(5) cells.	Adenosine	21-30	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	0-3
7599925-8	1995	In the presence of adenosine deaminase (ADA), which was used to remove adenosine present in the culture medium, the adenosine receptor agonists N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA, non-selective) and CGS21680 (A2A-receptor-selective) stimulated [3H]-thymidine incorporation with a half-maximum effect at about 10 nM, while N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA, A1-selective) was about 100 fold less potent.	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	40-43
7877305-10	1995	Acadesine and adenosine inhibit up-regulation of granulocyte CD11b in vitro, and acadesine is capable of a similar inhibition during in vivo cardiopulmonary bypass.	Adenosine	14-23	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	61-66
7758719-0	1995	Modulation of adenosine signalling in sheep adipose tissue by growth hormone.	Adenosine	14-23	somatotropin	Ovis aries	62-76
8033075-1	1994	Adenosine deaminase activity, the key enzyme of adenosine inactivation, was studied in slices taken endoscopically from gastric cancer and macroscopically unchanged gastric mucosa surrounding the cancer.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
8249784-2	1993	The actions of adenosine are terminated by the naturally occurring substance adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	77-96
8309525-7	1993	Both 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine and the adenosine-degrading enzyme adenosine deaminase produced an apparently irreversible depolarization of the membrane potential by about 20 mV.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	75-94
8309525-11	1993	The present data demonstrate that endogenously released adenosine exerts a vigorous control on the excitability of hippocampal CA3 neurons on both the pre- and postsynaptic sites.	Adenosine	56-65	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
8295714-3	1993	However, the effect of adenosine was largely the result of: (a) temporal overlap between the presynaptic fiber spike and the field EPSP response and (b) an indirect effect most likely related to the hyperpolarization of CA3 neurons giving rise to the Schaffer collateral fibers.	Adenosine	23-32	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	220-223
8295714-4	1993	When the CA3 region was separated by a knife cut from the CA1 region and the field EPSP blocked with 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, the effect of adenosine was markedly reduced, but was still significant (4.4 +/- 1.4% reduction in the amplitude of the presynaptic fiber spike).	Adenosine	149-158	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
8395286-9	1993	This functional antagonism could be completely reversed upon removal of adenosine by either the addition of adenosine deaminase or by wash-out of the adenosine agonist from the tissue.	Adenosine	72-81	adenosine deaminase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	108-127
8436613-0	1993	Changes in pial arteriolar diameter and CSF adenosine concentrations during hypoxia.	Adenosine	44-53	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
8436613-9	1993	Resting concentrations of adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine in the subwindow CSF were 0.18 +/- 0.09, 0.35 +/- 0.21, and 0.62 +/- 0.12 microM, respectively.	Adenosine	26-35	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
8436613-11	1993	However, in the presence of dipyridamole and EHNA, the concentration of adenosine in the CSF during hypoxia was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) increased.	Adenosine	72-81	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
8382260-6	1993	Inclusion of adenosine deaminase during the chronic ethanol treatment significantly decreased extracellular levels of adenosine, yet the percentage decrease in 2-chloroadenosine- and forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP levels after chronic ethanol exposure was not changed by the inclusion of the adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	13-22	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	293-312
8461381-4	1993	In culture, transduced canine fibroblasts expressed high levels of human ADA activity (33.6 mumoles adenosine metabolized per hour per milligram of soluble protein) in comparison to canine ADA in untreated control cells (1.3 mumol/hr.mg protein) and for 2 weeks following transplantation, the graft contained up to four-fold more enzyme activity from human ADA than the endogenous canine enzyme.	Adenosine	100-109	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	73-76
8380444-6	1993	These results indicate that endogenous adenosine plays an important role in regulating the apparent efficacy of 1S,3R-ACPD inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation in rat cerebral cortical slices and that previous studies in rat hippocampus and hypothalamus in the absence of added adenosine deaminase may have underestimated the efficacy of this compound.	Adenosine	39-48	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	294-313
7748334-2	1993	It was proposed that chronic ethanol causes adenosine to accumulate extracellularly, activating adenosine A2 receptors and so leading to a reduction in Gs alpha mRNA and Gs alpha protein (Nagy et al., 1989).	Adenosine	44-53	GNAS (guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating) complex locus	Mus musculus	152-160
7748334-2	1993	It was proposed that chronic ethanol causes adenosine to accumulate extracellularly, activating adenosine A2 receptors and so leading to a reduction in Gs alpha mRNA and Gs alpha protein (Nagy et al., 1989).	Adenosine	44-53	GNAS (guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating) complex locus	Mus musculus	170-178
8020339-1	1993	De novo synthesis precursors of the purine second messengers adenosine, guanosine and inosine are adenosine, guanosine and inosine monophosphate (AMP, GMP, IMP), respectively.	Adenosine	61-70	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	151-154
1493225-3	1992	It is suggested that adenosine induces the opening of potassium channels in the postsynaptic membrane of CA1 neurones, including KATP channels in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS).	Adenosine	21-30	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	105-108
1438189-0	1992	Binding of sequence-specific proteins to the adenosine- plus uridine-rich sequences of the murine granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor mRNA.	Adenosine	45-54	colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)	Mus musculus	98-146
1415708-7	1992	Adenosine deaminase also prevented the food-induced increase in venoarterial adenosine concentration difference.	Adenosine	77-86	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	0-19
1529338-2	1992	Direct experimental support for this hypothesis has been obtained in studies of the condensation of the 5"-phosphorimidazolide of adenosine (ImpA) with itself and with P1,P2-diadenosine-5",5"-pyrophosphate (AppA) in water in the presence of a montmorillonite clay.	Adenosine	130-139	crystallin gamma F, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	168-173
1504093-1	1992	Several adenosine analogs, such as coformycin, 2"-deoxycoformycin and erythro-9-(3-nonyl-p-aminobenzyl)adenine (EHNA), which are strong inhibitors of mammalian adenosine deaminase, are much weaker inhibitors of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae enzyme.	Adenosine	8-17	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	160-179
1333058-5	1992	Adenosine or its stable analogues (CADO, NECA, CPA) inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, both the release of ACh and the force of the indirectly elicited contraction of hemidiaphragm preparation, provided in the latter case that the margin of safety was reduced by (+)-tubocurarine or magnesium.	Adenosine	0-9	carboxypeptidase A1, pancreatic	Mus musculus	47-50
1524217-3	1992	Adenosine formation is spectrophotometrically determined by combining a coupled-enzyme system (adenosine deaminase or an adenosine deaminase/nucleoside phosphorylase/xanthine oxidase combination) to the ribonuclease cleavage.	Adenosine	0-9	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	166-182
1319969-9	1992	In addition, adenosine deaminase (ADA) was also applied to eliminate adenosine which may accumulate during NE stimulation.	Adenosine	13-22	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
1352869-3	1992	Adenosine (1-300 microM) depressed not only the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) but also the inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) and the late hyperpolarizing potential (LHP) evoked by stimulation of the hippocampal CA3 area or the fimbria/fornix pathway in both AH- and non-AH-neurons.	Adenosine	0-9	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	229-232
1729418-5	1992	When endogenous adenosine was degraded by addition of adenosine deaminase, the light-evoked release of radioactivity derived from [3H]choline was significantly increased compared with control values.	Adenosine	16-25	adenosine deaminase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	54-73
27280651-2	1992	Adenosine was converted into inosine first by ADA.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	46-49
1531083-5	1992	The increase in ANP release in the WKY ventricles correlated positively with the tissue lactate/pyruvate ratio (r = 0.85) and adenosine (r = 0.99), and negatively with the phosphorylation potential (r = -0.70).	Adenosine	126-135	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
1760542-10	1991	These data provide further evidence that endogenous adenosine contributes substantially to the control of renin release but only modestly to the control of RBF and GFR and to renal autoregulatory capability.	Adenosine	52-61	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	106-111
1760542-11	1991	The natriuretic responses during adenosine blockade, which occurred in the face of elevated renin levels, support the hypothesis that endogenous adenosine enhances tubular sodium reabsorption rate.	Adenosine	33-42	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	92-97
1760542-11	1991	The natriuretic responses during adenosine blockade, which occurred in the face of elevated renin levels, support the hypothesis that endogenous adenosine enhances tubular sodium reabsorption rate.	Adenosine	145-154	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	92-97
1939392-2	1991	After mock CSF under the cranial window was allowed to equilibrate with cerebral interstitial fluid, endogenous adenosine concentration was found to be 0.16 +/- 0.05 microM, while inosine and hypoxanthine were 0.35 +/- 0.17 and 1.23 +/- 0.47 microM, respectively.	Adenosine	112-121	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
1939392-3	1991	The concentration of adenosine in CSF increased 4.2-fold during ischemia and 13.8-fold during the first 5 min of reperfusion.	Adenosine	21-30	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
1939392-5	1991	After 1 h of reperfusion, CSF adenosine and inosine levels had decreased from peak value but remained significantly above preischemic values.	Adenosine	30-39	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
1939392-10	1991	These results indicate that during the postischemic period, adenine nucleosides and hypoxanthine in CSF are elevated and could affect reperfusion.	Adenosine	60-79	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
1888740-2	1991	We observe changes in the Raman spectrum of the adenosine moiety of these cofactors upon binding to mMDH, indicating that the binding site is hydrophobic.	Adenosine	48-57	malate dehydrogenase 2, NAD (mitochondrial)	Mus musculus	100-104
1650825-6	1991	In [3H]myo-inositol labeled strips of myometrial smooth muscle, the adenosine agonist R-phenylisopropyl adenosine (R-PIA) stimulated the rapid formation of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) that was antagonized by addition of the nucleoside receptor antagonist 8-sulfophenyl theophylline.	Adenosine	68-77	ribose-5-phosphate isomerase	Cavia porcellus	86-120
1933288-0	1991	Adenosine deaminase reduces hypoxic and hypercapnic dilatation of rat pial arterioles: evidence for mediation by adenosine.	Adenosine	113-122	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
1715181-1	1991	To investigate the inhibitory effect of adenosine released by endothelium on neutrophil superoxide (O2-) production, we treated confluent monolayers of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells with the enzyme adenosine deaminase, and then added human neutrophils.	Adenosine	40-49	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	216-235
1717120-8	1991	Adenosine released by IBMX was reduced 70% in the presence of alpha,beta-methylene ADP and GMP, and release from the ventral spinal cord was 61% of that from the dorsal spinal cord.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	62-94
1804974-8	1991	Adenosine deaminase (2.5 i.u./ml) increased the size of the EPSP by 70%, suggesting that endogenous adenosine modulates synaptic transmission in the ciliary ganglion.	Adenosine	100-109	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
2090926-2	1990	The enhancement of adenosine transport by inhibitors of adenosine deaminase (the enzyme which deaminates adenosine to inosine) and the ecto-localization of adenosine deaminase suggest a contribution of the enzyme in taking up nucleosides.	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	56-75
2090926-3	1990	Two possible mechanisms are suggested: 1) transport and deamination of adenosine as a coupled process, or 2) uptake of inosine after cleavage of adenosine by ecto-adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	145-154	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	163-182
1965330-0	1990	The interaction of adenosine analogues with cAMP-generating and cAMP-independent positive inotropic agents in rabbit left atrium.	Adenosine	19-28	antimicrobial protein CAP18	Oryctolagus cuniculus	44-48
1965330-0	1990	The interaction of adenosine analogues with cAMP-generating and cAMP-independent positive inotropic agents in rabbit left atrium.	Adenosine	19-28	antimicrobial protein CAP18	Oryctolagus cuniculus	64-68
2396688-3	1990	A mathematical model was used to analyze these data to obtain estimates of the following parameters of transcapillary adenosine transport: PSg, permeability-surface area product for adenosine movement through interendothelial cell channels; PSecl, permeability-surface area product for adenosine movement through the luminal plasma membrane of endothelial cells; and Gec, clearance rate constant for endothelial cell metabolism and/or sequestration of adenosine.	Adenosine	118-127	pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	139-142
1704273-6	1990	Similar interactions between the adenosine compounds and the dihydropyridines were also displayed in studies on spontaneous epileptiform activity in the CA3 region.	Adenosine	33-42	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	153-156
1697381-3	1990	In the presence of adenosine deaminase (ADA, 133 U/kg/h), the reduction in heart rate was abolished indicating that adenosine is responsible for that effect.	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
2179470-1	1990	2"-Deoxycoformycin (DCF), a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (ADA), is increasingly used as a tool to investigate adenosine metabolism and neuromodulation.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	69-72
2318770-2	1990	To test whether endogenously produced adenosine (e.g., from ATP hydrolysis) shares these deleterious effects on substrate mobilization and utilization and thus limits maximum thermogenesis in vivo, adenosine deaminase (converts adenosine to inosine) was given to rats 15 min before cold exposure.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	198-217
2210062-0	1990	Adenosine reversal of in vivo hepatic responsiveness to insulin.	Adenosine	0-9	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	56-63
2210062-1	1990	Modulation by adenosine of hepatic responsiveness to insulin was investigated in vivo in 10 healthy mongrel dogs of both sexes by determining net hepatic glucose output (NHGO) in response to insulin during the presence or absence of exogenous adenosine infusion.	Adenosine	14-23	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	53-60
2210062-1	1990	Modulation by adenosine of hepatic responsiveness to insulin was investigated in vivo in 10 healthy mongrel dogs of both sexes by determining net hepatic glucose output (NHGO) in response to insulin during the presence or absence of exogenous adenosine infusion.	Adenosine	14-23	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	191-198
2210062-4	1990	The addition of an intrahepatic arterial infusion of adenosine (10 mumol/min) during insulin infusion caused glucose output to return to basal levels (insulin, -1.7 +/- 2.6 mg.kg-1.min-1; insulin + adenosine, 3.8 +/- 1.6 mg.kg-1.min-1, P less than 0.05).	Adenosine	53-62	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	85-92
2210062-4	1990	The addition of an intrahepatic arterial infusion of adenosine (10 mumol/min) during insulin infusion caused glucose output to return to basal levels (insulin, -1.7 +/- 2.6 mg.kg-1.min-1; insulin + adenosine, 3.8 +/- 1.6 mg.kg-1.min-1, P less than 0.05).	Adenosine	53-62	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	151-158
2210062-4	1990	The addition of an intrahepatic arterial infusion of adenosine (10 mumol/min) during insulin infusion caused glucose output to return to basal levels (insulin, -1.7 +/- 2.6 mg.kg-1.min-1; insulin + adenosine, 3.8 +/- 1.6 mg.kg-1.min-1, P less than 0.05).	Adenosine	53-62	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	151-158
2210062-8	1990	These results show that adenosine completely reversed the inhibition by insulin of NHGO.	Adenosine	24-33	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	72-79
2139165-0	1990	Intrarenal adenosine prevents hyperfiltration induced by atrial natriuretic factor.	Adenosine	11-20	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	57-82
2139165-1	1990	The hyperfiltration action of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and glucagon is accompanied by an elevation of adenosine in urine.	Adenosine	109-118	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	30-55
2139165-1	1990	The hyperfiltration action of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and glucagon is accompanied by an elevation of adenosine in urine.	Adenosine	109-118	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
2139165-3	1990	Administration of ANF (2 micrograms/kg/min) resulted in an increase in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR): 1.99 vs. 3.01 ml/min (p less than 0.02) which was associated with a rise of adenosine excretion 87 vs. 151 pmol/min.	Adenosine	185-194	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
2139165-5	1990	Adenosine deaminase treatment (2 U x kg/min) did not change the basal GFR and renal plasma flow but decreased plasma adenosine level 0.64 vs. 0.18 microM (p less than 0.001) and its excretion: 93 vs. 13 pmol/min (p less than 0.01).	Adenosine	117-126	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
2139165-9	1990	It is concluded that renal endogenous adenosine functions do restrain hyperfiltration induced by ANF or glucagon.	Adenosine	38-47	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
2325827-5	1990	The chemiluminescent reaction is based on the conversion of adenosine into uric acid and H2O2 by adenosine deaminase, nucleoside phosphorylase, and xanthine oxidase enzymes.	Adenosine	60-69	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	97-116
33826130-3	2021	PDE4 is an isoenzyme that degrades 3"-5"-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which serves as a neuroprotective agent by promoting neuronal recovery through protein kinase (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and subsequent expression of the neurotrophic factor brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and anti-apoptotic B cell lymphoma (Bcl-2).	Adenosine	48-57	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	208-245
33826130-3	2021	PDE4 is an isoenzyme that degrades 3"-5"-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which serves as a neuroprotective agent by promoting neuronal recovery through protein kinase (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and subsequent expression of the neurotrophic factor brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and anti-apoptotic B cell lymphoma (Bcl-2).	Adenosine	48-57	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	247-251
33826130-3	2021	PDE4 is an isoenzyme that degrades 3"-5"-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which serves as a neuroprotective agent by promoting neuronal recovery through protein kinase (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and subsequent expression of the neurotrophic factor brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and anti-apoptotic B cell lymphoma (Bcl-2).	Adenosine	48-57	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	306-339
33826130-3	2021	PDE4 is an isoenzyme that degrades 3"-5"-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which serves as a neuroprotective agent by promoting neuronal recovery through protein kinase (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and subsequent expression of the neurotrophic factor brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and anti-apoptotic B cell lymphoma (Bcl-2).	Adenosine	48-57	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	341-345
33942984-1	2021	PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are recently discovered small non-coding RNAs consisting of 24-35 nucleotides, usually including a characteristic 5-terminal uridine and an adenosine at position 10.	Adenosine	171-180	piwi like RNA-mediated gene silencing 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
33803954-3	2021	In particular, poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors exploit BRCA 1/2 mutations and DNA damage response deficiencies, which are believed to concern up to 50% of high grade epithelial ovarian cancer cases.	Adenosine	20-29	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	87-95
33763129-2	2021	Nur77, an orphan nuclear receptor that is expressed in response to the luteinizing hormone/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (LH/cAMP) signaling pathway, is one of the key factors that regulate steroidogenesis in Leydig cells.	Adenosine	98-107	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1	Mus musculus	10-33
33816646-1	2021	In solid malignancies, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the immunosuppressive molecule adenosine, which accumulates in the tumor, suppresses cytotoxic CD8+ T cell functions including chemotaxis and tumor infiltration.	Adenosine	111-120	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	175-178
32796841-9	2020	In addition, we revealed that 20(S)-Rh2E2 specifically suppressed cancer cell energy metabolism via the downregulation of metabolic enzyme alpha-enolase, leading to the reduction of lactate, acetyl-coenzyme (acetyl CoA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC-1), but not normal cells.	Adenosine	224-233	enolase 1, alpha non-neuron	Mus musculus	139-152
8355564-5	1993	The animals treated with adenosine were either pretreated with an A1 (8-cyclopenthyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine, CPT) an A2 (3,7dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine, DMPX) or an A1-A2 (aminophylline, APH) purinergic receptor antagonist by icv (0.05 microgram) or i.v.	Adenosine	25-34	acylaminoacyl-peptide hydrolase	Rattus norvegicus	186-189
34741808-4	2022	Notably, HyPro-seq uncovers an extensive repertoire of incompletely processed, adenosine-to-inosine-edited transcripts accumulating at the interface between their encoding chromosomal regions and the NEAT1-containing paraspeckle compartment.	Adenosine	79-88	nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1	Homo sapiens	200-205
34347217-1	2022	BACKGROUND: Platinum agents are taken up into cells by copper transporter (CTR) 1 (gene code: SLC31A1) and are excreted from cells by copper-transporting P-type adenosine triphosphatase (ATP7B) and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) 2 (gene code: ABCC2).	Adenosine	161-170	ATPase copper transporting beta	Homo sapiens	187-192
34347217-1	2022	BACKGROUND: Platinum agents are taken up into cells by copper transporter (CTR) 1 (gene code: SLC31A1) and are excreted from cells by copper-transporting P-type adenosine triphosphatase (ATP7B) and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) 2 (gene code: ABCC2).	Adenosine	161-170	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2	Homo sapiens	258-263
34970694-1	2022	Methyltransferase N6-adenosine (METTL5) is a methyltransferase that specifically catalyzes 18S rRNA N6 methylation at adenosine 1832 (m6A1832), which is located in a critical position in the decoding center, therefore suggesting its potential importance in the regulation of translation.	Adenosine	21-30	methyltransferase 5, N6-adenosine	Homo sapiens	32-38
34970694-1	2022	Methyltransferase N6-adenosine (METTL5) is a methyltransferase that specifically catalyzes 18S rRNA N6 methylation at adenosine 1832 (m6A1832), which is located in a critical position in the decoding center, therefore suggesting its potential importance in the regulation of translation.	Adenosine	118-127	methyltransferase 5, N6-adenosine	Homo sapiens	32-38
34921233-6	2022	The adenosine analog NECA significantly suppress ILC2s responses and relieved airway inflammation induced by IL-33 or papain.	Adenosine	4-13	interleukin 33	Mus musculus	109-114
34878728-0	2022	Chalcone-inspired rA1 /A2A adenosine receptor ligands: ring closure as an alternative to a reactive substructure.	Adenosine	27-36	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A6	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
34878728-1	2022	Over the past few years, great progress has been made in the development of high-affinity adenosine A1 and/or A2A receptor antagonists - promising agents for the potential treatment of Parkinson"s disease.	Adenosine	90-99	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A6	Rattus norvegicus	100-102
34564933-2	2021	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a hydrolytic enzyme that catalyses the conversion of adenosine to inosine in the purine metabolism pathway.	Adenosine	82-91	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
34564933-2	2021	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a hydrolytic enzyme that catalyses the conversion of adenosine to inosine in the purine metabolism pathway.	Adenosine	82-91	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
34730235-8	2021	Additionally, in the liver, policosanol was found downregulated the expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-small heterodimer partner (SHP), and activate the Takeda G-coupled protein receptor 5 (TGR5)-adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (APMK) signaling pathway (P < 0.05).	Adenosine	202-211	G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1	Mus musculus	159-194
34730235-8	2021	Additionally, in the liver, policosanol was found downregulated the expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-small heterodimer partner (SHP), and activate the Takeda G-coupled protein receptor 5 (TGR5)-adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (APMK) signaling pathway (P < 0.05).	Adenosine	202-211	G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1	Mus musculus	196-200
34495463-4	2021	Pannexin 1 can indeed either sustain seizures through release of ATP that can directly activate purinergic receptors, or tune down epileptic activity via ATP-derived adenosine that decreases neuronal excitability.	Adenosine	166-175	pannexin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
34788616-1	2021	Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2), a Ca2+-permeable cation channel, is gated by intracellular adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR), Ca2+, warm temperature, and oxidative stress.	Adenosine	110-119	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2	Homo sapiens	0-41
34788616-1	2021	Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2), a Ca2+-permeable cation channel, is gated by intracellular adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR), Ca2+, warm temperature, and oxidative stress.	Adenosine	110-119	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2	Homo sapiens	43-48
34615735-9	2021	Finally, we found that the suppressive activity of LF-induced Tregs is facilitated mainly by CD39/CD73-induced adenosine generation and that this suppressor activity alleviates inflammatory bowel disease.	Adenosine	111-120	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	93-97
34727932-11	2021	Exogenous C14 supplementation to cardiomyocytes led to increased lipid deposition in cardiomyocytes along with the obstacles in adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways and affecting fatty acid oxidation.	Adenosine	128-137	anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
34302813-0	2021	Adenosine-to-inosine Alu RNA editing controls the stability of the pro-inflammatory long noncoding RNA NEAT1 in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.	Adenosine	0-9	nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1	Homo sapiens	103-108
34630705-3	2021	The present study aimed to identify the underlying molecular mechanism of the effect of lncRNA NUTM2A-AS1 in LUAD by exploring whether lncRNA NUTM2A-AS1 could affect LUAD cell proliferation and apoptosis through the microRNA (miR)-590-5p/methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit (METTL3) axis.	Adenosine	262-271	NUT family member 2A	Homo sapiens	95-101
34571074-5	2021	Sb treatment also induced the phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB), and the inhibition of CREB caused a reduction in Sb-induced GFAP and iNOS expression.	Adenosine	56-65	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	121-125
34411580-0	2021	The role of the phosphate groups of trinitrophenyl adenosine 5"-triphosphate (TNP-ATP) in allosteric activation of pyruvate carboxylase and the inhibition of acetyl CoA-dependent activation.	Adenosine	51-60	pyruvate carboxylase	Gallus gallus	115-135
34411580-1	2021	A previous study showed that 2"-3"-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) adenosine 5"-triphosphate (TNP-ATP) was a weak allosteric activator of Rhizobium etli pyruvate carboxylase (RePC) in the absence of acetyl-CoA.	Adenosine	60-69	pyruvate carboxylase	Gallus gallus	146-166
34769181-3	2021	Panx1a channels are located in horizontal cells of the outer retina and modulate light decrement detection through an ATP/pH-dependent mechanisms and adenosine/dopamine signaling.	Adenosine	150-159	pannexin 1a	Danio rerio	0-6
34689367-1	2022	OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine expressions of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) and METTL14, two enzymes essential for mRNA methylation at the adenosine (m6 A), in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to investigate in vitro aggressiveness of their aberrant expressions.	Adenosine	154-163	methyltransferase 14, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase subunit	Homo sapiens	95-102
34339715-2	2021	This study aims to investigate whether DCM is associated with changes in cyclic adenosine 3"-5" monophosphate (cAMP) signaling, particularly cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs).	Adenosine	80-89	phosphodiesterase 2A	Rattus norvegicus	179-183
34648290-3	2021	CD39 is an important ecto-nucleotidases for adenosine generation, therefore targeting the CD39-adenosine pathway is an emerging immune checkpoint for anticancer treatment.	Adenosine	44-53	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	0-4
34648290-3	2021	CD39 is an important ecto-nucleotidases for adenosine generation, therefore targeting the CD39-adenosine pathway is an emerging immune checkpoint for anticancer treatment.	Adenosine	44-53	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	90-94
34648290-3	2021	CD39 is an important ecto-nucleotidases for adenosine generation, therefore targeting the CD39-adenosine pathway is an emerging immune checkpoint for anticancer treatment.	Adenosine	95-104	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	0-4
34648290-3	2021	CD39 is an important ecto-nucleotidases for adenosine generation, therefore targeting the CD39-adenosine pathway is an emerging immune checkpoint for anticancer treatment.	Adenosine	95-104	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	90-94
34690814-2	2021	In this study, we investigated the role of zyxin and its associated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling in the regulation of re-endothelialization after vascular injury.	Adenosine	75-84	zyxin	Mus musculus	43-48
34600475-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Activation of Adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/Sirtuin1 (AMPK/SIRT1) exerts an effect in alleviating obesity and gut damage.	Adenosine	26-35	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	93-98
34555226-3	2021	Prior studies indicated that IL-8-induced heterologous desensitization of the beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2 -AR) led to decreased beta-agonist-induced mobilization of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).	Adenosine	177-186	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	78-103
34155691-1	2021	Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis and inactivation of the cyclic nucleotides cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate, which act as intracellular second messengers for many signal transduction pathways in the central nervous system.	Adenosine	124-133	phosphodiesterase 3B	Homo sapiens	0-35
34466676-4	2021	Specifically, arginine can regulate energy homeostasis via modulating the adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, and also regulate protein synthesis via activating the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway.	Adenosine	74-83	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	133-137
34539333-3	2021	The adenosine level mainly depends on two enzymatic activities: 5"-nucleotidase (5"NT or CD73) that synthesizes adenosine from AMP, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) that converts adenosine into inosine.	Adenosine	176-185	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	136-155
34803425-4	2021	The transcriptional activity of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) and the expression levels of tyrosinase, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), and tyrosinase-related proteins (Tyrps) were evaluated in melanocytes and UV-irradiated ex vivo human skin.	Adenosine	43-52	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	108-112
34389673-4	2021	Additionally, GBZ treatment significantly increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation-a key event in synaptic plasticity and hippocampal memory-and enhanced the expression of Neuronal Per Arnt Sim domain protein 4 (Npas4) and RyR2, two central regulators of these processes.	Adenosine	59-68	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	117-121
34476213-2	2021	Methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14), a notable RNA N6-adenosine methyltransferase (m6A), plays a significant role in the growth of tumor through controlling the RNA working.	Adenosine	54-63	methyltransferase 14, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase subunit	Homo sapiens	27-34
34445211-1	2021	Several poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are now in clinical use for tumours with defects in BReast CAncer genes BRCA1 or BRCA2 that result in deficient homologous recombination repair (HRR).	Adenosine	14-23	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	145-150
34445211-1	2021	Several poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are now in clinical use for tumours with defects in BReast CAncer genes BRCA1 or BRCA2 that result in deficient homologous recombination repair (HRR).	Adenosine	14-23	BRCA2 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	154-159
34131041-4	2021	STUDY HYPOTHESIS: The addition of a poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase inhibitor to standard chemotherapy will achieve a higher response rate in BRCA mutated patients compared with standard chemotherapy TRIAL DESIGN: This is a multicenter, phase II, single arm, open label trial.	Adenosine	41-50	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	155-159
34096956-11	2021	Curcumin requires the GM and TGR5 to activate the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway in thermogenic adipose tissue.	Adenosine	57-66	G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1	Mus musculus	29-33
34226519-1	2021	It has been recently reported that CD38 expressed on tumor cells of multiple murine and human origins could be upregulated in response to PD-L1 antibody therapy, which led to dysfunction of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T immune cells due to increasing the production of adenosine.	Adenosine	265-274	CD38 antigen	Mus musculus	35-39
34175493-7	2022	However, ATP may also undergo catalysis by ectonucleotidases present in the parasite membrane, generating adenosine, which activates P1 receptors and induces the production of anti-inflammatory molecules such as prostaglandin E2 and IL-10.	Adenosine	106-115	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	233-238
34239878-1	2021	The adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was initially identified as an enzyme acting as an "energy sensor" in maintaining energy homeostasis via serine/threonine phosphorylation when low cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level was sensed.	Adenosine	4-13	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
34239878-1	2021	The adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was initially identified as an enzyme acting as an "energy sensor" in maintaining energy homeostasis via serine/threonine phosphorylation when low cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level was sensed.	Adenosine	222-231	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
34355184-3	2021	Together with ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), NPP3 produces immunosuppressive, cancer-promoting adenosine, and has therefore been proposed as a target for cancer therapy.	Adenosine	93-102	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3	Homo sapiens	43-47
34115842-4	2022	CLPB encodes an adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) implicated in protein folding and mitochondrial function.	Adenosine	16-25	caseinolytic mitochondrial matrix peptidase chaperone subunit B	Homo sapiens	0-4
34112917-1	2021	Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, catalyzed by ADAR enzymes, is an essential post-transcriptional modification.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Sus scrofa	56-60
34201069-4	2021	Therefore, inhibition of poly(adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose) polymerase (PARP) has the potential to increase PDT efficacy.	Adenosine	30-39	poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1	Mus musculus	78-82
34074703-1	2021	Pharmacologic agonism of the beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR) induces bronchodilation by activating the enzyme adenylyl cyclase to generate cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).	Adenosine	150-159	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	29-54
34517946-1	2021	The RNA methyltransferase (MTase) complex METTL3-METTL14 transfers methyl groups from S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) to the N6-position of adenosines within its consensus sequence, the DRACH motif (D=A, G, U; R=A, G; H=A, C, U).	Adenosine	141-151	methyltransferase 14, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase subunit	Homo sapiens	49-56
34193703-7	2021	Moreover, within the cerebral cortices of Hexb-/- mouse, reactive astrocytes were found to express adenosine A2A receptors in later inflammatory phases.	Adenosine	99-108	hexosaminidase B	Mus musculus	42-46
35598361-3	2022	Besides the low tumor mutational burden, PD-L1 expression and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T cells, upregulation of CD73/adenosine pathway also contributes to the immune-inert microenvironment of EGFR-mutant NSCLC.	Adenosine	116-125	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	62-65
35597366-1	2022	Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous nucleoside or autacoid that affects the cardiovascular system through the activation of four G-protein coupled receptors: adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR), adenosine A2A receptor (A2AAR), adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR), and adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	221-243
35597366-1	2022	Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous nucleoside or autacoid that affects the cardiovascular system through the activation of four G-protein coupled receptors: adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR), adenosine A2A receptor (A2AAR), adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR), and adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	245-250
35625624-1	2022	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), the ectoenzyme that together with CD39 is responsible for extracellular ATP hydrolysis and adenosine accumulation, regulates immune/inflammatory processes by controlling innate and acquired immunity cell functions.	Adenosine	120-129	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	63-67
35182571-9	2022	Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), a direct target of hypoxia, which is a key regulator of adenosine signaling by binding to the A2BAR promoter to induce expression of A2BAR, was shown to be decreased by PSB-603.	Adenosine	102-111	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	140-145
35182571-9	2022	Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), a direct target of hypoxia, which is a key regulator of adenosine signaling by binding to the A2BAR promoter to induce expression of A2BAR, was shown to be decreased by PSB-603.	Adenosine	102-111	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	179-184
35290938-1	2022	The purinergic receptor P2X4 is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-gated cation channel, which plays an essential role in regulating various biological activities in the organism.	Adenosine	35-44	purinergic receptor P2X 4	Rattus norvegicus	4-28
35563706-6	2022	This reduction of inhibitory tone (i.e., disinhibition) is counterbalanced by the activation of astrocytes that upregulate SST interneuron-evoked IPSC amplitude by releasing ATP that, after conversion to adenosine, activates A1Rs.	Adenosine	204-213	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	123-126
35479074-6	2022	In airways, beta2-adrenoceptor agonists, which are used as bronchodilators for treatment of asthma and chronic respiratory diseases, stimulate cAMP efflux and thus trigger the extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway leading to increased concentrations of extracellular adenosine in airways.	Adenosine	195-204	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	12-30
35479074-6	2022	In airways, beta2-adrenoceptor agonists, which are used as bronchodilators for treatment of asthma and chronic respiratory diseases, stimulate cAMP efflux and thus trigger the extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway leading to increased concentrations of extracellular adenosine in airways.	Adenosine	266-275	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	12-30
35479074-8	2022	These considerations lead to the hypothesis that the cAMP-adenosine pathway attenuates the efficacy of beta2-adrenoceptor agonists.	Adenosine	58-67	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	103-121
35396348-6	2022	The pharmacological and reverse genetic approaches identified beta1-adrenergic receptor (AR)-mediated exchange proteins directly activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (EPAC)-SHIP1 signal activation by ablation of phosphatidylinositol triphosphate, regulating phagocytic cup formation.	Adenosine	149-158	adrenergic receptor, beta 1	Mus musculus	62-87
35396348-6	2022	The pharmacological and reverse genetic approaches identified beta1-adrenergic receptor (AR)-mediated exchange proteins directly activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (EPAC)-SHIP1 signal activation by ablation of phosphatidylinositol triphosphate, regulating phagocytic cup formation.	Adenosine	149-158	inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase D	Homo sapiens	180-185
35278461-8	2022	Mechanistically, silencing B7-H4 activated the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase /mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, which in turn, negatively regulated cell proliferation, stemness, and migration.	Adenosine	47-56	V-set domain containing T cell activation inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	27-32
35360268-3	2022	The expression levels of miR-542-3p and PDE4D were detected using qRT-PCR; the luciferase reporter assay system was used to detect the targeting relationship between miR-542-3p and PDE4D; overexpressing miR-542-3p was transfected into cardiomyocytes, and ROS release was detected by immunofluorescence while cellular apoptosis was detected by TUNEL; and the western blot assay was applied to detect the expression of PDE4D, phosphorylated protein kinase A (p-PKA), and phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (p-CREB).	Adenosine	491-500	phosphodiesterase 4D	Homo sapiens	40-45
35271763-1	2022	Wilson disease (WD) is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in adenosine triphosphatase copper-transporting beta (ATP7B); however, genetic testing identifies only one or no pathogenic ATP7B variant in a number of patients with WD.	Adenosine	66-75	ATPase copper transporting beta	Homo sapiens	117-122
35327609-0	2022	Adenosine-Metabolizing Enzymes, Adenosine Kinase and Adenosine Deaminase, in Cancer.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	53-72
35327609-4	2022	This review contains the latest data on two adenosine-lowering enzymes: adenosine kinase (ADK) and adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	44-53	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	99-118
35327609-4	2022	This review contains the latest data on two adenosine-lowering enzymes: adenosine kinase (ADK) and adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	44-53	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	120-123
35327609-7	2022	ADA regulates the level of adenosine by converting it to inosine.	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-3
35104569-7	2022	Moreover, luminal accumulation of the Oat3 and Mrp4 substrate, 8-(2-(fluoresceinyl)aminoethylthio) adenosine-3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (8-(fluo)-cAMP), was reduced by substrates/inhibitors of Oat3 and Mrp4.	Adenosine	99-108	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4	Rattus norvegicus	47-51
35104569-7	2022	Moreover, luminal accumulation of the Oat3 and Mrp4 substrate, 8-(2-(fluoresceinyl)aminoethylthio) adenosine-3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (8-(fluo)-cAMP), was reduced by substrates/inhibitors of Oat3 and Mrp4.	Adenosine	99-108	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4	Rattus norvegicus	202-206
35267488-8	2022	In preclinical studies and several case series, poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose)polymerase inhibitors showed antitumor effects on uLMS cell lines with BRCA2 mutations or HRD and in recurrent or persistent cases of uLMS with BRCA2 mutations.	Adenosine	53-62	BRCA2 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	153-158
35267488-8	2022	In preclinical studies and several case series, poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose)polymerase inhibitors showed antitumor effects on uLMS cell lines with BRCA2 mutations or HRD and in recurrent or persistent cases of uLMS with BRCA2 mutations.	Adenosine	53-62	BRCA2 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	226-231
35203352-9	2022	In MTC, we found 14 GPCR DEGs, including an upregulation of the dopamine receptor (DRD2) and adenosine receptor (ADORA2B), which were the target of many drugs.	Adenosine	93-102	vomeronasal 1 receptor 17 pseudogene	Homo sapiens	20-24
35129068-0	2022	Methylprednisolone up-regulates annexin A1 (ANXA1) to inhibit the inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress of cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced bronchial epithelial cells, a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in vitro model, through the formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) receptors and the adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway.	Adenosine	299-308	annexin A1	Homo sapiens	32-42
35129068-0	2022	Methylprednisolone up-regulates annexin A1 (ANXA1) to inhibit the inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress of cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced bronchial epithelial cells, a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in vitro model, through the formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) receptors and the adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway.	Adenosine	299-308	annexin A1	Homo sapiens	44-49
35060905-1	2022	Methyltransferase like-3 (METTL3) and METTL14 complex transfers a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to N6 amino group of adenosine bases in RNA (m6A) and DNA (m6dA).	Adenosine	129-138	methyltransferase 14, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase subunit	Homo sapiens	38-45
35064115-8	2022	This study suggests that targeting the adenosine signaling pathway may provide a method for the treatment of lupus and other autoimmune diseases mediated by T-bet+ B cells.	Adenosine	39-48	T-box 21	Mus musculus	157-162
34951618-2	2022	These enzymes use the anion PAPS (adenosine-3"-phosphate-5"-phosphosulfate) as a donor for a broad range of acceptor substrates, including carbohydrates, producing sulfated compounds and PAP (adenosine-3",5"-diphosphate) as a side product.	Adenosine	34-43	poly(A) polymerase alpha	Homo sapiens	187-190
34951618-2	2022	These enzymes use the anion PAPS (adenosine-3"-phosphate-5"-phosphosulfate) as a donor for a broad range of acceptor substrates, including carbohydrates, producing sulfated compounds and PAP (adenosine-3",5"-diphosphate) as a side product.	Adenosine	192-201	poly(A) polymerase alpha	Homo sapiens	187-190
35044787-5	2022	BAG5 acts as a nucleotide exchange factor for heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (HSC70), promoting adenosine diphosphate release and activating HSC70-mediated protein folding.	Adenosine	99-108	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8	Homo sapiens	81-86
35012429-8	2022	Furthermore, we found that ASS1 was a target of N(6)-adenosine-methyltransferase-14 (METTL14)-mediated N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification.	Adenosine	53-62	methyltransferase 14, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase subunit	Homo sapiens	85-92
33941754-0	2022	Beta 2-adrenergic receptor mediates noradrenergic action to induce cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein phosphorylation in satellite glial cells of dorsal root ganglia to regulate visceral hypersensitivity.	Adenosine	74-83	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	0-26
2550786-5	1989	On the other hand, adenosine deaminase (ADA) treatment of the cells also stimulated ACTH release as well as adenylate cyclase activity by about 2-fold, suggesting that endogenous adenosine plays an inhibitory role in the release of ACTH.	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	40-43
2673569-0	1989	Adenosine restores myocardial responsiveness to insulin during acute endotoxin shock in vivo.	Adenosine	0-9	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	48-55
2673569-1	1989	We recently reported that adenosine potentiated insulin-stimulated myocardial glucose uptake (MGU) in vivo and that adenosine receptor blockade resulted in myocardial insulin resistance.	Adenosine	26-35	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	48-55
2673569-6	1989	The ability of adenosine to potentiate insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was measured during sequential infusions of adenosine (0.01 mumol/min to 10 mumol/min) or during infusion of a single concentration of adenosine (1.0 mumol/min) into the circumflex artery.	Adenosine	15-24	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	39-46
2673569-9	1989	Adenosine infusions resulted in potentiation of insulin-stimulated MGU.	Adenosine	0-9	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	48-55
2673569-11	1989	Adenosine infusions elevated insulin-stimulated MGU during shock to levels similar to those observed in the control group during respective adenosine infusion rates.	Adenosine	0-9	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	29-36
2673569-11	1989	Adenosine infusions elevated insulin-stimulated MGU during shock to levels similar to those observed in the control group during respective adenosine infusion rates.	Adenosine	140-149	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	29-36
2673569-13	1989	From these results we conclude that adenosine restored the myocardial glucose uptake response to insulin during endotoxin shock.	Adenosine	36-45	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	97-104
2546140-8	1989	Since 10 micrograms/ml adenosine deaminase (ADA) reduced while DPCPX enhanced the evoked cAMP accumulation, it seems partially due to released Ado and accounts for a prevalent A2-stimulating rather than an A1-inhibitory control on adenylate cyclase activity.	Adenosine	143-146	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	23-42
2651461-2	1989	When ADA fails to catalyze the deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine, the levels of deoxyadenosine that accumulate are toxic to lymphoid cells.	Adenosine	46-55	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	5-8
2566928-6	1989	The adenosine analogue cyclohexyladenosine (1 microM) significantly reduced the stimulated overflow of both noradrenaline (to 57 +/- 5%) and NPY (to 73 +/- 8%).	Adenosine	4-13	pro-neuropeptide Y	Cavia porcellus	141-144
3064854-5	1988	The rank order of potency of analogues was 2-chloroadenosine 5"-triphosphate (2-ClATP) greater than 2-methylthioadenosine 5"-triphosphate (2-MeSATP) greater than ATP greater than ADP, while adenosine 5"-(alpha,beta-methylene)triphosphonate, AMP and adenosine were inactive, indicating the presence of P2y-purinoceptors.	Adenosine	51-60	ATP citrate lyase	Homo sapiens	80-85
2848614-3	1988	The depression of the afterpotential at the lower flow rates was largely reversed by the adenosine antagonist, theophylline (100 microM), by adenosine deaminase (10 micrograms/ml) and was mimicked by the application of the adenosine reuptake blocker, dipyridamole (100 microM).	Adenosine	89-98	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	141-160
3349577-3	1988	Both adenosine deaminase and 8-phenyltheophylline caused a rightward shift of the dose-response curve to intracoronary adenosine; 8-phenyltheophylline was significantly more potent than adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	5-14	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	186-205
3359424-4	1988	In LC3 cells, periodate-oxidized adenosine, 3-deaza-adenosine and 3-deaza-(+/-)aristeromycin reduced the intracellular ratio of S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine approximately 20-, 6- and 16-fold, respectively.	Adenosine	33-42	microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	3-6
3350972-7	1988	Furthermore, the ATP-induced increase in cellular ATP is abolished by the exogenous addition of adenosine deaminase, which converts extracellular ADO to INO.	Adenosine	146-149	adenosine deaminase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	96-115
3212039-7	1988	Adenosine deaminase reversed the relaxation produced by adenosine, but was unable to reverse the relaxing responses to diltiazem, lidoflazine and dilazep.	Adenosine	56-65	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	0-19
2441173-7	1987	A significant amount of the accumulated adenosine is extracellular since it was accessible to exogenous adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	40-49	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	104-123
3039004-3	1987	Enzyme activity is determined by colorimetric estimation of NH3 released from adenosine, the product of 5"-nucleotidase activity in the presence of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	78-87	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	148-167
2821650-5	1987	If human or rat PRP is pretreated with adenosine deaminase, an enzyme that degrades adenosine or 2",5"-dideoxyadenosine, an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase, the inhibitory effect of HL 725 is reversed.	Adenosine	39-48	proline rich protein 2-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
3038249-1	1987	Incubation (45 min) of slices of guinea-pig cerebral cortex with adenosine alone had no significant effect on the accumulation of [3H]-inositol phosphates but enhanced the response to histamine H1-receptor stimulation in a concentration-dependent manner.	Adenosine	65-74	histamine H1 receptor	Cavia porcellus	184-205
3552635-3	1987	It was found that depletion of endogenous adenosine by adenosine deaminase treatment decreases insulin"s ability to activate the receptor kinase at submaximal insulin concentrations.	Adenosine	42-51	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	55-74
3035423-10	1987	This observation together with evidence suggesting that purines serve as neurotransmitters in some sacral parasympathetic neurons supports the notion that adenosine deaminase may constitute a marker for adenine nucleoside and/or nucleotide neurotransmission.	Adenosine	203-221	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	155-174
3596088-0	1987	Evidence for negative control of growth by adenosine in the mammalian embryo: induction of Hmx/+ mutant limb outgrowth by adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	43-52	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	122-141
2824422-9	1987	Adenosine was shown to inhibit firing rate; the adenosine antagonist theophylline was shown to increase firing rate; the enzyme adenosine deaminase, which catabolizes adenosine to inosine, was shown to increase firing rate; the adenosine uptake inhibitor dipyridamole was shown to decrease firing rate; and adenosine was shown to be released from the isolated semicircular canal by electrical stimulation.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	128-147
3035580-2	1987	This action of adenosine has been assessed in various heart preparations by the application of exogenous adenosine, the determination of tissue and coronary venous effluent levels of adenosine and the degradation of endogenous adenosine by adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	240-259
2876953-2	1986	Adenosine induced suppression is also detectable in a lymphocyte subpopulation (T4+ enriched, originally described as helper inducer) resistant to the theophylline induced loss of capacity to form spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (TTR).	Adenosine	0-9	transthyretin	Ovis aries	243-246
2876953-3	1986	This activity is apparently dependent on the production of a soluble factor(s) since supernatants from adenosine treated TTR (SnA) exert a significant inhibition on the proliferative response of resting lymphocytes.	Adenosine	103-112	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	121-124
3745437-4	1986	Furthermore, depletion of endogenously released adenosine from the medium by adenosine deaminase-enhanced injury to endothelial cells by stimulated neutrophils (from 39 +/- 4% to 69 +/- 3% cytotoxicity, P less than 0.001).	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	77-96
3746429-2	1986	The formation of inosine and hypoxanthine as a measure of ADA activity in homogenates of brain was optimal at pH 7.0, linear for up to 60 min at 37 degrees C using 500 microM adenosine as substrate, and linear with protein concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.8 mg.	Adenosine	175-184	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
3461442-3	1986	We show that in addition to its consensus 5" and 3" splice sites, NS1 mRNA has an intron branch-point adenosine residue that was functional in lariat formation.	Adenosine	102-111	influenza virus NS1A binding protein	Homo sapiens	66-69
2939730-4	1986	Adenosine, however, known to directly inhibit renin secretion, did decrease renin secretion in this nonfiltering model.	Adenosine	0-9	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	46-51
2939730-4	1986	Adenosine, however, known to directly inhibit renin secretion, did decrease renin secretion in this nonfiltering model.	Adenosine	0-9	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	76-81
3014360-1	1986	Suspensions of rat brain microsomes, synaptosomes, and synaptic vesicles were able to convert adenosine to inosine by means of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	94-103	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	127-146
2934389-2	1986	The 5"-deoxy-5"-iodo-substituted analogs of adenosine and inosine are cytotoxic to tumor cells that have high activities of 5"-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase, respectively (Savarese, T.M., Chu, S-H., Chu, M.Y., and Parks, R. E., Jr. (1984) Biochem.	Adenosine	44-53	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	124-160
3000196-2	1985	If adenosine is normally an important physiological regulator, then adenosine deaminase should lower coronary blood flow.	Adenosine	3-12	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	68-87
3000196-7	1985	Coronary vasodilation elicited by intracoronary adenosine infusion was inhibited in the adenosine deaminase-treated region compared with the control region, indicating that adenosine deaminase lowered adenosine concentration at the vascular adenosine receptor.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	88-107
3000196-7	1985	Coronary vasodilation elicited by intracoronary adenosine infusion was inhibited in the adenosine deaminase-treated region compared with the control region, indicating that adenosine deaminase lowered adenosine concentration at the vascular adenosine receptor.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	173-192
3000196-7	1985	Coronary vasodilation elicited by intracoronary adenosine infusion was inhibited in the adenosine deaminase-treated region compared with the control region, indicating that adenosine deaminase lowered adenosine concentration at the vascular adenosine receptor.	Adenosine	88-97	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	173-192
3000196-8	1985	Inhibition of exogenous adenosine vasodilation was fully reversed by intracoronary infusion of a specific inhibitor of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	24-33	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	119-138
3002179-7	1985	As we have observed previously with glucagon and catecholamines, inhibition of insulin action by VIP was observed only when accumulation of adenosine in the incubation medium was prevented by addition of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	140-149	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	204-223
3007159-6	1985	When adenosine was prevented from accumulating in the incubation medium by inclusion of adenosine deaminase, low concentrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine preferentially exerted an antilipolytic action.	Adenosine	5-14	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	88-107
3978771-4	1985	Adenosine deaminase abolished the vasodilator response to intracoronary adenosine, 4 and 8 micrograms, but had no effect on the vasodilator response to intracoronary papaverine, 200 and 300 micrograms, demonstrating enzyme efficacy and specificity.	Adenosine	72-81	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	0-19
3916912-1	1985	Deaza analogues of adenosine and EHNA were tested as inhibitors of the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) obtained from several sources including human erythrocytes, calf intestine, Saccaromices cerevisiae, Escherichia coli and Takadiastase.	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	78-97
3871231-6	1985	When adenosine deaminase was inhibited with erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine, both effects of adenosine were enhanced markedly suggesting considerable metabolism of exogenous adenosine to inosine under the conditions of this study.	Adenosine	98-107	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	5-24
20492903-3	1985	When maintained in primary culture, this value decreased to a value similar to that of chromaffin tissue, but later on, and in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF), a time dependent increase of adenosine incorporation was observed which, in 84-h old cells reached up to 54 times more than that found in intact tissue.	Adenosine	199-208	nerve growth factor	Bos taurus	143-162
20492903-3	1985	When maintained in primary culture, this value decreased to a value similar to that of chromaffin tissue, but later on, and in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF), a time dependent increase of adenosine incorporation was observed which, in 84-h old cells reached up to 54 times more than that found in intact tissue.	Adenosine	199-208	nerve growth factor	Bos taurus	164-167
20492903-4	1985	This incorporation might reflect changes in the adenosine transport at the cell membrane level, furthered by NGF effect.	Adenosine	48-57	nerve growth factor	Bos taurus	109-112
2581231-3	1985	However, it was potentiated by adenosine, inhibited by sub-stimulatory concentrations of NT and the mast cell membrane stabilizing drug cromoglycate but was unaltered by the calcium antagonist verapamil.	Adenosine	31-40	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	89-91
6094613-5	1984	Adenosine deaminase was added to media containing the adipocytes from older rats to remove endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	102-111	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
6087679-0	1984	Antagonistic effect of theophylline on the adenosine-induced decreased in renin release.	Adenosine	43-52	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	74-79
6087679-1	1984	The action of theophylline on the adenosine-induced decrease in renin release was studied in anesthetized dogs.	Adenosine	34-43	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	64-69
6087679-2	1984	Adenosine inhibited renin release, decreased GFR and fractional sodium excretion, and decreased the concentration of angiotensin II in the renal lymph.	Adenosine	0-9	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	20-25
6087679-4	1984	The intrarenal infusion of adenosine (3 X 10(-7) mol/min) during theophylline infusion produced no effect on GFR or RBF, but fractional sodium excretion and renin release were significantly decreased.	Adenosine	27-36	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	157-162
6087679-9	1984	These findings demonstrate that theophylline, at concentrations having no effect on cortical cAMP, antagonizes the effect of adenosine on renin release.	Adenosine	125-134	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	138-143
6331846-3	1984	The proton chemical shifts and NOE measurements rule out models in which the H-2 proton of adenosine at the mismatch site is stacked over adjacent dG X dC base pairs.	Adenosine	91-100	relaxin 2	Homo sapiens	77-80
6092250-7	1984	Degradation of released adenosine by addition of adenosine deaminase significantly enhanced the noradrenaline action on glycerol release in both groups of sand rats.	Adenosine	24-33	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	49-68
6092250-11	1984	The degradation of adenosine by adenosine deaminase failed to improve the insulin action.	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	32-51
6609048-7	1984	Adenosine levels were maintained in the perfusate by two methods: (1) addition of fresh perfusate or (2) pretreatment of the kidney with the adenosine deaminase inhibitor--deoxycoformycin.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	141-160
6609529-0	1984	Nucleotide levels and metabolism of adenosine and deoxyadenosine in intact erythrocytes deficient in adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	36-45	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	101-120
6690596-3	1984	The inhibitory effect of adenosine on AC was blocked by the addition of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	25-34	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	72-91
6318184-4	1983	Inhibition of specific [3H]cAMP binding to lung cytosol (to the regulatory subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase) followed the order of potency: cAMP greater than cGMP; adenosine, ADP, and ATP were inactive.	Adenosine	176-185	KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	105-119
6311934-8	1983	Removal of endogenous adenosine by incubation of neutrophils with exogenous adenosine deaminase (ADA) led to marked enhancement of superoxide anion generation in response to FMLP.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	76-95
6311934-8	1983	Removal of endogenous adenosine by incubation of neutrophils with exogenous adenosine deaminase (ADA) led to marked enhancement of superoxide anion generation in response to FMLP.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	97-100
6352803-1	1983	The association of a genetic deficiency of adenosine deaminase (ADA) with immunodeficiency disease has emphasized the importance of deoxyadenosine and adenosine metabolism for human lymphocyte function.	Adenosine	43-52	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	64-67
6614194-4	1983	The adenosine reduction was prevented by theophylline or the presence of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	4-13	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	73-92
6137446-0	1983	Characteristics of release pattern of somatostatin and glucagon of pancreatic islets cultured in glucose and adenosine.	Adenosine	109-118	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	38-50
6660902-1	1983	Adenosine deaminase, which catalyzes the irreversible hydrolytic deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine to inosine and deoxyinosine respectively, plays an important role in the degradation of adenine nucleotide and purine nucleotide salvage pathway metabolism.	Adenosine	80-89	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
7079734-5	1982	In addition, the unusual capacity of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase to form stable complexes with adenosine and its cofactor, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, suggest that evolution of its gene may have involved recombination of a portion of the adenosine deaminase gene with an adenine nucleotide domain-coding sequence of another preexisting gene.	Adenosine	100-109	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	250-269
6809009-3	1982	All four adenosine analogs were substrates of human erythrocytic adenosine deaminase, but the corresponding inosine analogs (synthesized by the adenosine deaminase reaction) were highly resistant to cleavage by human erythrocytic purine nucleoside phosphorylase.	Adenosine	9-18	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	65-84
6980023-10	1982	(ii) When ADA is inhibited or absent, deoxyadenosine is removed rapidly from the circulation by the human erythrocyte utilizing an adenosine transport system linked to both ADA and adenosine kinase (EC 2.7.1.20).	Adenosine	43-52	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	10-13
6980023-10	1982	(ii) When ADA is inhibited or absent, deoxyadenosine is removed rapidly from the circulation by the human erythrocyte utilizing an adenosine transport system linked to both ADA and adenosine kinase (EC 2.7.1.20).	Adenosine	43-52	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	173-176
6980397-1	1982	We have identified seven adenine nucleosides in urines of untreated adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficient patients, four of which (adenosine, 2"-deoxyadenosine, 1-methyladenosine and N6-methyladenosine) have been previously identified in urines of normals and/or ADA deficient patients.	Adenosine	25-44	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	68-87
6980397-1	1982	We have identified seven adenine nucleosides in urines of untreated adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficient patients, four of which (adenosine, 2"-deoxyadenosine, 1-methyladenosine and N6-methyladenosine) have been previously identified in urines of normals and/or ADA deficient patients.	Adenosine	25-44	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	89-92
6980397-1	1982	We have identified seven adenine nucleosides in urines of untreated adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficient patients, four of which (adenosine, 2"-deoxyadenosine, 1-methyladenosine and N6-methyladenosine) have been previously identified in urines of normals and/or ADA deficient patients.	Adenosine	25-44	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	261-264
6980397-1	1982	We have identified seven adenine nucleosides in urines of untreated adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficient patients, four of which (adenosine, 2"-deoxyadenosine, 1-methyladenosine and N6-methyladenosine) have been previously identified in urines of normals and/or ADA deficient patients.	Adenosine	68-77	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	89-92
6980397-2	1982	We confirm that ADA deficient patients excrete markedly increased amounts of 2"-deoxyadenosine (582 +/- 363 versus normal of less than 0.1 nmoles/mg creatinine) and increased amounts of adenosine (29.4 +/- 5.7 versus normal of 4.12 +/- 1.0 nmoles/mg creatinine).	Adenosine	85-94	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	16-19
6307589-2	1982	Low concentrations of adenosine improve the fluid pump supposedly by inhibiting adenylate cyclase, since c-AMP inhibits the pump.	Adenosine	22-31	antimicrobial protein CAP18	Oryctolagus cuniculus	105-110
7170303-1	1982	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase catalyses the synthesis of S-adenosyl-homocysteine (AdoHcy) from adenosine (Ado) and L-homocysteine (L-Hcy) in the absence of other enzymes, such adenosine deaminase, using Ado or L-Hcy as a substrate.	Adenosine	101-110	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	182-201
7170303-1	1982	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase catalyses the synthesis of S-adenosyl-homocysteine (AdoHcy) from adenosine (Ado) and L-homocysteine (L-Hcy) in the absence of other enzymes, such adenosine deaminase, using Ado or L-Hcy as a substrate.	Adenosine	88-91	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	182-201
7170303-1	1982	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase catalyses the synthesis of S-adenosyl-homocysteine (AdoHcy) from adenosine (Ado) and L-homocysteine (L-Hcy) in the absence of other enzymes, such adenosine deaminase, using Ado or L-Hcy as a substrate.	Adenosine	112-115	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	182-201
6977170-4	1982	Deoxycoformycin, an adenosine analog which is a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, has shown moderate activity in acute leukemia patients in phase I trials, and has the potential to produce synergistic antitumor toxicity when used with arabinofuranosyladenine.	Adenosine	20-29	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	68-87
6270305-4	1981	Adenosine deaminase eliminated the adenosine-dependent increase.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
7279012-5	1981	Elevation of ureter pressure to 39 + 2 mm Hg abolished the fall of Pgc following adenosine infusion, 51.3 + 1.7 vs. 50.0 + 1.3 mm Hg, NS.	Adenosine	81-90	progastricsin	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
7279012-6	1981	Reduction of renal artery pressure to 70 mm Hg by an aortic clamp above the renal arteries also prevented the fall of Pgc due to adenosine, 36.8 + 0.9 vs. 36.4 + 1.8 mm Hg, NS.	Adenosine	129-138	progastricsin	Rattus norvegicus	118-121
7279012-8	1981	restored the ability of adenosine to reduce Pgc in UO from 41.5 + 1.1 to 25.9 + 2.6 mm Hg (P less than 0.001) and in AC from 34.0 + 3.4 to 28.2 + 75.7 mm Hg (P less than 0.02).	Adenosine	24-33	progastricsin	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
6947796-1	1981	Adenosine deaminase was purified 3038-fold to apparent homogeneity from human leukaemic granulocytes by adenosine affinity chromatography.	Adenosine	104-113	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
7236309-0	1981	Substrate specificity of adenosine deaminase: the role of the substituents at the 2"- and 3"-carbons of adenine nucleosides, of their configuration and of the conformation of the furanose ring.	Adenosine	104-123	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	25-44
6259294-1	1981	The endogenous levels of adenosine functionally linked to cyclic AMP systems in rat cerebral cortical slices are regulated by both adenosine deaminase and adenosine uptake systems.	Adenosine	25-34	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	131-150
7042956-0	1981	Effect of adenosine and phosphated derivatives on insulin release from the newborn dog pancreas.	Adenosine	10-19	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	50-57
7306006-9	1981	Addition of the adenosine deaminase inhibitor erythro-9-[1-(1-hydroxyethyl)heptyl]-adenine revealed the presence of a second lower affinity binding site with Kd (adenosine) 5-9 microM and a higher maximal adenosine-binding capacity.	Adenosine	162-171	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	16-35
6108963-3	1981	Adenosine deaminase decreases the basal activity of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, and almost completely abolishes the activation of this enzyme by adenosine.	Adenosine	143-152	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
7005054-1	1980	Purine ribonucleosides were found to be as potent stimulators of proinsulin biosynthesis as glucose, adenosine being effective at very low concentrations (0.1 mM).	Adenosine	101-110	insulin II	Mus musculus	65-75
160690-0	1979	Further evidence for a S-syn correlation in the purine(beta)ribosides: the solution conformation of two tricyclic analogs of adenosine and guanosine.	Adenosine	125-134	synemin	Homo sapiens	25-28
221926-7	1979	In the adenosine kinase-deficient strain 107, a combination of ADA inhibition and L-homocysteine thiolactone markedly increases intracellular AdoHcy and inhibits growth even in the absence of exogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	7-16	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	63-66
156997-0	1979	A 1H NMR study of the syn-anti dynamic equilibrium in adenine nucleosides and nucleotides with the aid of some synthetic model analogues with fixed conformations.	Adenosine	54-73	synemin	Homo sapiens	22-25
156997-1	1979	The syn-anti equilibrium about the glycosidic bond in adenosine and some related analogues was studied by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy, with the aid of several model analogues fixed in given conformations either by intramolecular bonding, or by introduction of a bulky substituent.	Adenosine	54-63	synemin	Homo sapiens	4-7
156997-5	1979	With the aid of these models, the syn-anti dynamic equilibrium was examined for adenosine and some related compounds in different solvent systems, and the conformer populations evaluated quantitatively.	Adenosine	80-89	synemin	Homo sapiens	34-37
316678-2	1979	The test which can be performed on both heparinized and dried blood, is based on the conversion of adenosine to inosine and ammonium in the presence of ADA.	Adenosine	99-108	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	152-155
715439-1	1978	When adenosine deaminase activity is inhibited, low concentrations of adenosine are toxic to human lymphoblast mutants that are unable to convert adenosine to intracellular nucleotides.	Adenosine	70-79	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	5-24
348199-1	1978	Inosine, guanosine and adenosine strongly stimulated proinsulin biosynthesis and insulin secretion in isolated mouse pancreatic islets.	Adenosine	23-32	insulin II	Mus musculus	53-63
626748-8	1978	It is considered that the bulky, tetrahedral, neutral 8-substituent, with an effective van der Waals radius of 3.5--4.0 A, provides an adenosine analogue which should exhibit the syn conformation about the glycosidic bond in solution as well as in solid state, irrespective of the nature of the sugar pucker.	Adenosine	135-144	synemin	Homo sapiens	179-182
199283-0	1977	[Use of spin labels for studying the association of adenosine, adenosine-5"-mono-, di- and triphosphate in aqueous solutions].	Adenosine	52-61	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	8-12
199283-1	1977	Possibility of spin label studies as a method of investigation of different molecular associations is considered with adenosine, adenosine-5"-mono, di- and triphosphate as examples.	Adenosine	118-127	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	15-19
855721-0	1977	Adenine and adenosine metabolism in lymphocytes deficient in adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	61-80
855721-0	1977	Adenine and adenosine metabolism in lymphocytes deficient in adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	82-85
299815-0	1977	Toxicities of adenosine and 2"-deoxyadrenosine in L cells treated with inhibitors of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	85-104
974086-17	1976	Observation of the H-2 proton resonance of the inhibitor adenosine in the presence of the enzyme revealed no NOE in contrast to the observations with the adenine nucleotides.	Adenosine	57-66	relaxin 2	Homo sapiens	19-22
4106191-1	1971	The hydrolysis of adenosine 3"-monophosphate by serum acid phosphatase has been coupled to the liberation of ammonia from the adenosine generated through the action of exogenous adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	18-27	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	178-197
34007325-10	2021	In addition, after 17 weeks of feeding, compared with the offspring of a chow-fed mother, the offspring of an obese mouse mother had reduced adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation levels and increased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation levels.	Adenosine	141-150	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	200-204
34041517-3	2021	Using a series of platelet function assays, we found that G-Rb2 and G-Rd2, among the ten PNF saponin monomers, significantly inhibited human platelet aggregation and activation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in vitro.	Adenosine	188-197	RB transcriptional corepressor like 2	Homo sapiens	60-63
34041517-3	2021	Using a series of platelet function assays, we found that G-Rb2 and G-Rd2, among the ten PNF saponin monomers, significantly inhibited human platelet aggregation and activation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in vitro.	Adenosine	188-197	peripherin 2	Homo sapiens	70-73
34001607-7	2021	To control the quality of these expanding proteomes, core chaperones, ranging from heat shock proteins 20 (HSP20s) that prevent aggregation to HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, and HSP100 acting as adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-fueled unfolding and refolding machines, also evolved.	Adenosine	185-194	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	143-148
34001607-7	2021	To control the quality of these expanding proteomes, core chaperones, ranging from heat shock proteins 20 (HSP20s) that prevent aggregation to HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, and HSP100 acting as adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-fueled unfolding and refolding machines, also evolved.	Adenosine	185-194	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	150-155
34037096-1	2021	The conversion of adenosine to inosine is catalyzed by adenosine deaminase (ADA) (EC 3.5.4.4), which has two isoforms in humans (ADA1 and ADA2) and belongs to the zinc-dependent hydrolase family.	Adenosine	18-27	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	55-74
34011962-6	2021	UPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed that CD8+ T cells activation without CD28 costimulation produces elevated levels of adenosine and that CD73 mediates its production.	Adenosine	113-122	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	34-37
33999093-1	2021	N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) methylation is one of the most common and abundant modifications of RNA molecules in eukaryotes.	Adenosine	10-19	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	21-24
34054547-5	2021	Inactivation of extracellular adenosine occurs by transport into neurons or neighboring cells, followed by either phosphorylation to AMP by adenosine kinase or deamination to inosine by adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	186-205
33840662-13	2021	This result not only proved the CLSO had therapeutic effect on NAFLD, but also confirmed its mechanism associated with degrading the phosphorylation of adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) which led to the decrease of the expression SePP1/apoER2 in order to reduce lipid accumulation.	Adenosine	152-161	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	211-215
33511551-2	2021	However, it is unknown in aortic vascular response, therefore, we hypothesized that A2AAR-gene deletion in mice (A2AAR-/-) affects adenosine-induced vascular response by increase in sEH and adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) activities.	Adenosine	131-140	epoxide hydrolase 2, cytoplasmic	Mus musculus	182-185
33511551-4	2021	NECA (adenosine-analog) and CCPA (adenosine A1 receptor-agonist)-induced dose-dependent vascular response was tested with t-AUCB (sEH-inhibitor) and angiotensin-II (Ang-II) in A2AAR-/- vs. C57Bl/6 mice.	Adenosine	6-15	epoxide hydrolase 2, cytoplasmic	Mus musculus	130-133
33946595-1	2021	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4), a member of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette transporter family, pumps various molecules out of the cell and is involved in cell communication and drug distribution.	Adenosine	66-75	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4	Homo sapiens	0-41
33946595-1	2021	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4), a member of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette transporter family, pumps various molecules out of the cell and is involved in cell communication and drug distribution.	Adenosine	66-75	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4	Homo sapiens	43-47
33981350-7	2021	We further show the correlations between sleep and mood measures were altered by ADA genotype, with a stronger relationship observed in the GG (lower adenosine) group.	Adenosine	150-159	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	81-84
33925516-0	2021	Increased Extracellular Adenosine in Radiotherapy-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells Enhances Tumor Progression through A2AR-Akt-beta-Catenin Signaling.	Adenosine	24-33	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	124-136
33925341-8	2021	PPi is a potent endogenous inhibitor of calcification, whereas adenosine indirectly contributes to calcification inhibition by suppressing the synthesis of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP).	Adenosine	63-72	alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney	Mus musculus	156-196
33925341-8	2021	PPi is a potent endogenous inhibitor of calcification, whereas adenosine indirectly contributes to calcification inhibition by suppressing the synthesis of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP).	Adenosine	63-72	alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney	Mus musculus	198-202
33929904-11	2021	Lower miR-151-3p targeted cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated and AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathways; higher miR-6909-5p, miR-7044-5p, and miR-7686-5p targeted Wnt beta-catenin signaling, retinoic acid receptor activation, apoptosis, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, IL-22, IL-12, and IL-10 signaling.	Adenosine	33-42	microRNA 151	Mus musculus	6-13
33529712-6	2021	Genomic proximity is shared with physical proximity, with ABCC4 and CFTR physically coupled in cell membrane microenvironments of epithelial cells to orchestrate functional consequences of cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent second messenger signaling and extracellular transport of endogenous and exogenous substrates.	Adenosine	196-205	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4	Homo sapiens	58-63
33891535-5	2021	Here, we show that the putative non-structural protein (NSP) 2 on segment 2 of GCXV functions as an RNA helicase that unwinds RNA helix bidirectionally in an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner, and an RNA chaperone that remodels structured RNAs and facilitates RNA strand annealing independently of ATP.	Adenosine	158-167	DEAH-box helicase 16	Homo sapiens	100-112
33729247-4	2021	The result obtained from comparison of conformers with protonation at different sites revealed that the syn-conformer with protonation occurring at the N3 position (syn-N3) is the predominant form of AdoH+ in the ground state, similar to that of Ado.	Adenosine	200-203	synemin	Homo sapiens	104-107
33729247-4	2021	The result obtained from comparison of conformers with protonation at different sites revealed that the syn-conformer with protonation occurring at the N3 position (syn-N3) is the predominant form of AdoH+ in the ground state, similar to that of Ado.	Adenosine	200-203	synemin	Homo sapiens	165-168
33736651-2	2021	The BCR-ABL1 fusion protein is an optimal target for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that aim for the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding site of ABL1.	Adenosine	104-113	ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	8-12
33736651-2	2021	The BCR-ABL1 fusion protein is an optimal target for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that aim for the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding site of ABL1.	Adenosine	104-113	ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	149-153
33289262-3	2021	The chirality induction in CD (g abs   -10 -4 ) and CPL (g lum   -10 -4 ) of P - SOF-1 from achiral SOF-1 can be presented using a small amount of adenosine-5"-triphosphate disodium (ATP) or adenosine-5"-diphosphate disodium (ADP) (only 0.4 equiv) in water.	Adenosine	147-156	hephaestin	Homo sapiens	52-105
33289262-3	2021	The chirality induction in CD (g abs   -10 -4 ) and CPL (g lum   -10 -4 ) of P - SOF-1 from achiral SOF-1 can be presented using a small amount of adenosine-5"-triphosphate disodium (ATP) or adenosine-5"-diphosphate disodium (ADP) (only 0.4 equiv) in water.	Adenosine	191-200	hephaestin	Homo sapiens	52-105
33776926-3	2021	In benign cortisol-producing adrenocortical tumors and hyperplasias abnormal cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A signaling has been found to play a central role in tumorigenesis, with pathogenic variants in GNAS, PRKAR1A, PRKACA, PRKACB, PDE11A, and PDE8B being implicated.	Adenosine	84-93	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	234-240
33653920-6	2021	The vein-specific effects of TNFalpha also required the activation of Pannexin 1 (Panx1) channels and the CD39-mediated hydrolysis of ATP to adenosine, which subsequently stimulated A2A adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	141-150	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	106-110
33653920-6	2021	The vein-specific effects of TNFalpha also required the activation of Pannexin 1 (Panx1) channels and the CD39-mediated hydrolysis of ATP to adenosine, which subsequently stimulated A2A adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	186-195	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	106-110
33476709-3	2021	The second involves the removal of a moiety at the 6-position of MBX-2168-MP by adenosine deaminase like protein-1 (ADAL-1).	Adenosine	80-89	diencephalon/mesencephalon homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	65-68
33706537-8	2021	In contrast, adenosine DeltaT1 was reduced compared with WT mice (3.88+-1.58) in both A2AAR-/- (1.63+-1.32, P<0.05) and A2BAR-/- (1.55+-1.35, P<0.05).	Adenosine	13-22	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	120-125
32935303-3	2021	The aim of our study was the evaluation of ATP, AMP, and adenosine extracellular catabolism, catalyzed by ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39), ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), and ecto-adenosine deaminase (eADA) in mouse aortas.	Adenosine	57-66	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	106-154
32935303-3	2021	The aim of our study was the evaluation of ATP, AMP, and adenosine extracellular catabolism, catalyzed by ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39), ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), and ecto-adenosine deaminase (eADA) in mouse aortas.	Adenosine	57-66	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	156-160
32935303-3	2021	The aim of our study was the evaluation of ATP, AMP, and adenosine extracellular catabolism, catalyzed by ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39), ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), and ecto-adenosine deaminase (eADA) in mouse aortas.	Adenosine	201-210	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	106-154
32935303-3	2021	The aim of our study was the evaluation of ATP, AMP, and adenosine extracellular catabolism, catalyzed by ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39), ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), and ecto-adenosine deaminase (eADA) in mouse aortas.	Adenosine	201-210	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	156-160
33559413-2	2021	Recently, there is an increase in the evidence to support the role of the combination of a poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, anti-angiogenic agents, and immunotherapy as maintenance therapy in BRCA wild-type patients with platinum-sensitive recurrence.	Adenosine	96-105	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	216-220
32985466-0	2021	The therapeutic potential of targeting exchange protein directly activated by cyclic adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate (Epac) for central nervous system trauma.	Adenosine	85-94	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	116-120
33609918-7	2021	[99mTc]DMSA uptake into vesicles that highly expressed MRP2 was significantly higher in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) than in adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and probenecid decreased uptake to similar levels as that in AMP.	Adenosine	88-97	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2	Homo sapiens	55-59
33609918-7	2021	[99mTc]DMSA uptake into vesicles that highly expressed MRP2 was significantly higher in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) than in adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and probenecid decreased uptake to similar levels as that in AMP.	Adenosine	125-134	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2	Homo sapiens	55-59
33124777-8	2021	In addition, CD73 expressing ERCs showed tissue protective function via the regulation of adenosine receptor expression which was related to the infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the allografts.	Adenosine	90-99	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	161-164
33669830-5	2021	Evidence has shown that Ca2+ influx through TRPC6 activates the cAMP (adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate) response element-binding protein (CREB), an important transcription factor linked to neuronal survival.	Adenosine	70-79	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	142-146
33336544-2	2021	It holds that vulnerable neurons of the entorhinal region generate a neurodegenerative lipid during normal function, adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter subfamily A member 7 (ABCA7) protects from AD pathogenesis by removing it out of the cell, generation of the lipid increases with age, and the minimal amount of ABCA7 needed to dispose of the rising volumes of the lipid also increases with age.	Adenosine	117-126	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 7	Homo sapiens	191-196
33336544-2	2021	It holds that vulnerable neurons of the entorhinal region generate a neurodegenerative lipid during normal function, adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter subfamily A member 7 (ABCA7) protects from AD pathogenesis by removing it out of the cell, generation of the lipid increases with age, and the minimal amount of ABCA7 needed to dispose of the rising volumes of the lipid also increases with age.	Adenosine	117-126	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 7	Homo sapiens	330-335
33523764-10	2021	Compared to controls, platelet-pulmonary endothelial aggregates and pulmonary hypertension induced by adenosine diphosphate were decreased in NEDD9-/- mice or wild type mice treated with the anti-NEDD9 antibody, which also decreased chronic pulmonary thromboembolic remodeling in vivo.	Adenosine	102-111	neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated gene 9	Mus musculus	196-201
33242564-9	2021	Binding of dopamine to D2R inhibits the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway which ultimately decreases CREB phosphorylation during osteoclastogenesis.	Adenosine	47-56	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	146-150
33253911-9	2021	In addition, the BDNF/KLF2 pathway preserved the mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, electron transport chain processing, oxygen consumption rate, and adenosine triphosphate production.	Adenosine	199-208	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	17-21
33188779-2	2021	Modification of coding transcripts by adenosine methylation (m6A) has recently emerged as a critical post-transcriptional mechanism underlying heart disease.	Adenosine	38-47	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	61-64
33554120-2	2021	Creatine kinase (CK) is pivotal in providing adenosine triphosphate in the cell and maintaining its levels when energy demand is increased.	Adenosine	45-54	cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-15
33554120-2	2021	Creatine kinase (CK) is pivotal in providing adenosine triphosphate in the cell and maintaining its levels when energy demand is increased.	Adenosine	45-54	cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	17-19
33144068-0	2021	Pharmacologic downregulation of protein arginine methyltransferase1 expression by adenosine dialdehyde increases cell senescence in breast cancer.	Adenosine	82-91	protein arginine methyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	32-67
33144068-2	2021	Tamoxifen (TAM) or adenosine dialdehyde (ADOX), independently, triggered cell cycle arrest and down-regulated PAM, as reduced protein arginine methyltransferase1 (PRMT1) mRNA and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels.	Adenosine	19-28	protein arginine methyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	126-161
33144068-2	2021	Tamoxifen (TAM) or adenosine dialdehyde (ADOX), independently, triggered cell cycle arrest and down-regulated PAM, as reduced protein arginine methyltransferase1 (PRMT1) mRNA and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels.	Adenosine	19-28	protein arginine methyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	163-168
33490644-0	2021	Olfactory marker protein interacts with adenosine nucleotide derivatives.	Adenosine	40-49	olfactory marker protein	Homo sapiens	0-24
33490644-3	2021	In the present study, we show that OMP can also interact with other adenosine nucleotides as ATP, ADP and AMP with different affinities.	Adenosine	68-77	olfactory marker protein	Homo sapiens	35-38
33243853-1	2021	Spliceosome remodeling, executed by conserved adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase)/helicases including Prp2, enables precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing.	Adenosine	46-55	transmembrane protein 171	Homo sapiens	100-104
33243853-6	2021	Adenosine 5"-triphosphate binding and hydrolysis trigger interdomain movement in Prp2, which drives unidirectional stepwise translocation of pre-mRNA toward its 3"-end.	Adenosine	0-9	transmembrane protein 171	Homo sapiens	81-85
33463061-11	2021	Mechanistically, these optimized effects were associated with enhanced the adenosine (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, which upregulated phosphorylate-phospholamban (p-PLN) (Ser16) and promoted sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (Serca) and Ryanodine Receptor 2 (RyR2) expression in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and ultimately restored Ca2+ handling in response to sepsis.	Adenosine	75-84	ryanodine receptor 2, cardiac	Mus musculus	251-271
33463061-11	2021	Mechanistically, these optimized effects were associated with enhanced the adenosine (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, which upregulated phosphorylate-phospholamban (p-PLN) (Ser16) and promoted sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (Serca) and Ryanodine Receptor 2 (RyR2) expression in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and ultimately restored Ca2+ handling in response to sepsis.	Adenosine	75-84	ryanodine receptor 2, cardiac	Mus musculus	273-277
33052430-3	2021	Extracellular adenosine level is controlled through the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT-1) and the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	118-137
33052430-3	2021	Extracellular adenosine level is controlled through the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT-1) and the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	139-142
33052430-4	2021	The aim of this study was to determine the control of adenosine blood level (ABL) via ENT-1 and ADA during apnoea-induced hypoxia in elite freedivers was similar to high-altitude adaptation.	Adenosine	54-63	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	96-99
32203145-9	2021	Overall, we found that ATLL cells express CD39 at a high rate, and our results suggest that this helps ATLL cells escape antitumor immunity through the extracellular ATPDase-Adenosine cascade.	Adenosine	174-183	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	42-46
32979391-3	2021	In vivo diameter of cerebral arterioles in nondiabetic and T1D rats was measured in response to an eNOS-dependent agonist (adenosine 5"-diphosphate; ADP), an nNOS-dependent agonist (N-methyl-D-aspartate; NMDA), and an NOS-independent agonist (nitroglycerin) before and 1 hour following JWH-133 (1 mg/kg IP).	Adenosine	123-132	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	99-103
33614237-1	2021	Modification of eukaryotic RNA by methylation of adenosine residues to generate N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a highly prevalent process.	Adenosine	49-58	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	101-104
33357433-1	2020	N6 methylation at adenosine 1832 (m6A1832) of mammalian 18S rRNA, occupying a critical position within the decoding center, is modified by a conserved methyltransferase, METTL5.	Adenosine	18-27	methyltransferase 5, N6-adenosine	Homo sapiens	170-176
33390891-1	2020	Background and Purpose: Adenosine dysregulation is associated with the occurrence of the epilepsy and equilibrative nucleoside transporters-1 (ENT-1) functions as an important regulator of extracellular adenosine in the brain.	Adenosine	24-33	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	143-148
33390891-1	2020	Background and Purpose: Adenosine dysregulation is associated with the occurrence of the epilepsy and equilibrative nucleoside transporters-1 (ENT-1) functions as an important regulator of extracellular adenosine in the brain.	Adenosine	203-212	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	102-141
33390891-1	2020	Background and Purpose: Adenosine dysregulation is associated with the occurrence of the epilepsy and equilibrative nucleoside transporters-1 (ENT-1) functions as an important regulator of extracellular adenosine in the brain.	Adenosine	203-212	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	143-148
33166411-4	2020	Here, using helicase and adenosine triphosphatase assays we show that a complex containing p44 and p62 enhances XPD"s affinity for dsDNA 3-fold over p44 alone.	Adenosine	25-34	nucleoporin 62	Homo sapiens	99-102
33011242-4	2020	The adenosine receptors act by different mechanisms and targeting adenosine receptors for neuropathic pain includes several important pathways such as p38-mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signalling, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as well as the ion channel modulations.	Adenosine	4-13	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	243-276
33011242-4	2020	The adenosine receptors act by different mechanisms and targeting adenosine receptors for neuropathic pain includes several important pathways such as p38-mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signalling, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as well as the ion channel modulations.	Adenosine	4-13	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	278-282
33011242-4	2020	The adenosine receptors act by different mechanisms and targeting adenosine receptors for neuropathic pain includes several important pathways such as p38-mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signalling, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as well as the ion channel modulations.	Adenosine	66-75	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	243-276
33011242-4	2020	The adenosine receptors act by different mechanisms and targeting adenosine receptors for neuropathic pain includes several important pathways such as p38-mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signalling, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as well as the ion channel modulations.	Adenosine	66-75	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	278-282
33322215-8	2020	In contrast to in vitro studies, specific upregulation of ADO-related enzymes CD73 and CD39 in GLUT-1high tumor regions was never observed.	Adenosine	58-61	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	95-101
33316333-3	2021	Factors which may play a role in the effects of these dietary manipulations on health include changes involving free fatty acids, ketone bodies, neurotransmitters, cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cytokines, orexin, ghrelin, leptin, reactive oxygen species and autophagy.. Several of these factors are potential contributors to improving symptoms of depression.	Adenosine	171-180	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	229-233
33284729-4	2022	Platelets from untreated blood samples and samples treated with either adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP) had surface GPIbalpha, activated GPIIb-IIIa, and P-selectin levels measured using flow cytometry.	Adenosine	71-80	glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	155-164
33276429-3	2020	Here, we describe that the activity of Panx1 channels induced by mechanical stretch is reduced by adenosine via a PKA-dependent pathway.	Adenosine	98-107	pannexin 1	Homo sapiens	39-44
33276429-4	2020	The mechanical stretch-induced activity-measured by changes in DAPI uptake-of Panx1 channels expressed in HeLa cell transfectants was inhibited by adenosine or cAMP analogs that permeate the cell membrane.	Adenosine	147-156	pannexin 1	Homo sapiens	78-83
33135478-0	2020	Inhibiting 15-PGDH prevents ischemic renal injury by PGE2/EP4 signaling pathway mediating vasodilation, increased renal blood flow, and increased adenosine/A2A.	Adenosine	146-155	prostaglandin E receptor 4 (subtype EP4)	Mus musculus	58-61
32918113-2	2020	Epinephrine released during stress acts via beta 2-adrenergic receptors (beta2-AR or ADRB2) to stimulate the synthesis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the red blood cells (RBCs).	Adenosine	129-138	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	85-90
33091480-9	2020	In addition, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-activated currents in stellate ganglion neurons and HEK293 cells co-transfected with GCK and P2 x 3 receptor plasmids were reduced after GCK shRNA treatment.	Adenosine	13-22	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	127-130
33091480-9	2020	In addition, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-activated currents in stellate ganglion neurons and HEK293 cells co-transfected with GCK and P2 x 3 receptor plasmids were reduced after GCK shRNA treatment.	Adenosine	13-22	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	179-182
33200159-3	2020	GOx could decompose to cut off the supply of energy and nutrients, inducing starvation therapy, which further lowered adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, inducing downregulated heat shock proteins and creating a more suitable microenvironment for improving PTT efficacy.	Adenosine	118-127	hydroxyacid oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
32729197-1	2020	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a human mononuclear Zn2+ metalloenzyme that converts adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	82-91	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
32729197-1	2020	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a human mononuclear Zn2+ metalloenzyme that converts adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	82-91	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
32729197-4	2020	To facilitate more rapid drug discovery efforts for this target, an in vitro assay was developed that utilizes the enzymatic conversion of a visibly emitting adenosine analogue to the corresponding fluorescent inosine analogue by ADA, which can be monitored via fluorescence intensity changes.	Adenosine	158-167	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	230-233
32856352-5	2020	ANXA1 activated formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) receptors and the downstream adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling cascade, leading to SC proliferation and migration in vitro.	Adenosine	78-87	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	137-141
33884017-1	2020	Background: Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an aminohydrolase involved in the catabolism of purine nucleotides and irreversibly deaminizes adenosine and deoxyadenosine to inosine and deoxyinosine.	Adenosine	136-145	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	12-31
33884017-1	2020	Background: Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an aminohydrolase involved in the catabolism of purine nucleotides and irreversibly deaminizes adenosine and deoxyadenosine to inosine and deoxyinosine.	Adenosine	136-145	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	33-36
33024394-11	2020	Likewise, GM-CSF overexpression resulted in a substantial increase in fecal biotin and oleic acid levels, along with a prominent decrease in the fecal succinic acid, adenosine, fumaric acid, lipoic acid, and maleic acid levels.	Adenosine	166-175	colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)	Mus musculus	10-16
32973005-3	2020	Here, we found that the orphan P5A-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) transporter ATP13A1 (Spf1 in yeast) directly interacted with the transmembrane segment (TM) of mitochondrial tail-anchored proteins.	Adenosine	35-44	ion-transporting P-type ATPase SPF1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	90-94
32907938-6	2020	The active sites of RFC are fully bound to adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) analogs, which is expected to induce opening of the sliding clamp.	Adenosine	43-52	replication factor C subunit 1	Homo sapiens	20-23
32707188-10	2020	Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) reversed the inhibitory effects of alamandine on the Ang II-induced increases in collagen I, TGF-beta, and CTGF levels.	Adenosine	7-16	transforming growth factor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	131-139
32603820-4	2020	In context, developing evidence suggest that Abeta decreases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mostly by lowering phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) protein.	Adenosine	143-152	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	61-94
32603820-4	2020	In context, developing evidence suggest that Abeta decreases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mostly by lowering phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) protein.	Adenosine	143-152	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	96-100
32603820-4	2020	In context, developing evidence suggest that Abeta decreases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mostly by lowering phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) protein.	Adenosine	143-152	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	208-212
32633758-7	2020	Whereas C. elegans GLD-2 prefers adenosine-rich RNA substrates, mammalian GLD-2 can work on RNA oligos with various sequences.	Adenosine	33-42	terminal nucleotidyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	19-24
32639661-3	2020	The successful example is that cancer cells with BRCA1/2 mutations are sensitized to poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors.	Adenosine	91-100	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	49-56
32402526-0	2020	Corrigendum to "Adenosine augments the production of IL-10 in cervical cancer cells through interaction with the A2B adenosine receptor, resulting in protection against the activity of cytotoxic T cells" [Cytokine 130 (2020) 155082].	Adenosine	16-25	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	53-58
32402526-0	2020	Corrigendum to "Adenosine augments the production of IL-10 in cervical cancer cells through interaction with the A2B adenosine receptor, resulting in protection against the activity of cytotoxic T cells" [Cytokine 130 (2020) 155082].	Adenosine	117-126	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	53-58
32505735-15	2020	RYGB surgery may also attenuate kidney fibrosis through the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/TGFbeta pathway.	Adenosine	60-69	transforming growth factor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	109-116
32433800-1	2020	BACKGROUND & AIM: The canalicular bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11) of hepatocytes is the main adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter responsible for bile acid secretion.	Adenosine	97-106	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 11	Homo sapiens	57-61
32433800-1	2020	BACKGROUND & AIM: The canalicular bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11) of hepatocytes is the main adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter responsible for bile acid secretion.	Adenosine	97-106	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 11	Homo sapiens	62-68
32519244-1	2020	The studies have shown that 5"-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is involved in Alzheimer"s disease (AD) pathology, but the effects of AMPK on AD-like Tau abnormal phosphorylation and its underlying mechanism remains unclear.	Adenosine	31-40	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	87-91
32506562-5	2020	Similar to AGO2, AGO3 binds sRNAs with a strong 5"-adenosine bias, but unlike Arabidopsis AGO2, it binds most efficiently 24nt sRNAs.	Adenosine	51-60	ARGONAUTE 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	17-21
32884538-4	2020	Germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes promote the incapacity of tumor cells to recover from DNA-accumulated damage caused by cytotoxic drugs, like platinum agents, and, most recently, through a diverse process by poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi).	Adenosine	228-237	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	26-31
32884538-4	2020	Germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes promote the incapacity of tumor cells to recover from DNA-accumulated damage caused by cytotoxic drugs, like platinum agents, and, most recently, through a diverse process by poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi).	Adenosine	228-237	BRCA2 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	36-41
32728620-1	2020	There is a strong biologic rationale that poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors may benefit a broader range of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients than covered by current approvals, which require a germline BRCA1/2 sequence variant affecting function.	Adenosine	47-56	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	237-244
32708274-9	2020	CD45(-) exosomes produced higher adenosine concentrations than CD45(+) exosomes, concluding that adenosine production measured in total exosomes mainly derives from TEX.	Adenosine	33-42	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	0-4
32708274-9	2020	CD45(-) exosomes produced higher adenosine concentrations than CD45(+) exosomes, concluding that adenosine production measured in total exosomes mainly derives from TEX.	Adenosine	97-106	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	0-4
32760718-1	2020	The addition of a methyl group to the N6 position of adenosine (m6A) is the most common posttranscriptional RNA modification, and it regulates most steps of RNA metabolism including splicing, stability, translation, nuclear-export, and RNA structures.	Adenosine	53-62	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	64-67
32432925-3	2020	Extracellular adenosine was shown to exhibit a barrier-protective effect on VV endothelial cells (VVEC) via cAMP-independent mechanisms, which involved adenosine A1 receptor-mediated activation of Gi-phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt pathway and actin cytoskeleton remodeling.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A1 receptor	Bos taurus	152-173
33613894-5	2020	The cyclic adenosine monophosphate Response Element-Binding (CREB) is considered as the main downstream marker for long-term memory.	Adenosine	11-20	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	61-65
32566028-1	2020	The present study aimed to analyze the expression levels of adenosine diphosphate ribosylation factor guanylate kinase 1 (ASAP1) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in gastric cancer (GC) tissues in order to explore their association with clinicopathological features and prognosis.	Adenosine	60-69	ArfGAP with SH3 domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 1	Homo sapiens	122-127
32612281-6	2020	EA at PC6 resulted in downregulation of adenosine, adrenaline, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glycine, and glutamate majorly in hippocampus, and then in cerebral cortex.	Adenosine	40-49	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5	Rattus norvegicus	6-9
32552762-2	2020	Methyltransferase-like 14(METTL14), a major RNA N6-adenosine methyltransferase, is involved in tumor progression via regulating RNA function.	Adenosine	51-60	methyltransferase 14, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase subunit	Homo sapiens	0-25
32552762-2	2020	Methyltransferase-like 14(METTL14), a major RNA N6-adenosine methyltransferase, is involved in tumor progression via regulating RNA function.	Adenosine	51-60	methyltransferase 14, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase subunit	Homo sapiens	26-33
32587576-9	2020	GPER modulates second messenger signaling cascades involving Galphas- and Galphai/o-associated increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate and phosphoinositide 3-kinase or Src protein kinase respectively (32, 33).	Adenosine	114-123	G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
32522986-0	2020	Author Correction: NADH oxidase-dependent CD39 expression by CD8+ T cells modulates interferon gamma responses via generation of adenosine.	Adenosine	129-138	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	61-64
32565721-12	2020	In addition, the Adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway (P < 0.01) was inhibited in the HP group.	Adenosine	17-26	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	76-80
32314960-5	2020	Transcripts of scyl-1 are greatly decreased in adr-1 mutants due to deficient RNA editing at a single adenosine in their 3"-UTR.	Adenosine	102-111	A-to-I RNA editing regulator adr-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	47-52
32191434-0	2020	Bisubstrate-Type Chemical Probes Identify GRP94 as a Potential Target of Cytosine-Containing Adenosine Analogs.	Adenosine	93-102	heat shock protein 90 beta family member 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
31984792-0	2020	Adenosine inhibits basolateral ClC-K2/b chloride channel in the collecting duct intercalated cells.	Adenosine	0-9	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive Kb	Mus musculus	31-37
31984792-6	2020	Using patch clamp electrophysiology in freshly isolated mouse collecting ducts, we found that acute application of adenosine reversely inhibits ClC-K2/b open probability from 0.31+-0.04 to 0.17+-0.06 and to 0.10+-0.05 for 1 microM and 10 microM, respectively.	Adenosine	115-124	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive Kb	Mus musculus	144-150
31984792-8	2020	Inhibitory effect of adenosine on ClC-K2/b was abolished in the presence of A1R blocker, DPCPX (10 microM).	Adenosine	21-30	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive Kb	Mus musculus	34-40
31984792-9	2020	Consistently, application of A1R agonist N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA, 1 microM) recapitulated the inhibitory action of adenosine on ClC-K2/b open probability.	Adenosine	54-63	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive Kb	Mus musculus	132-138
31984792-11	2020	Overall, we demonstrate that adenosine selectively inhibits ClC-K2/b activity in intercalated cells by targeting A1R receptors.	Adenosine	29-38	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive Kb	Mus musculus	60-66
31721163-7	2020	KEY RESULTS: The EPAC inhibitor, ESI-09, prevented mirabegron- and isoprenaline-induced adenosine release from human and rat detrusor strips, respectively.	Adenosine	88-97	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	17-21
31638096-0	2020	Long-term adenosine A1 receptor activation-induced sortilin expression promotes alpha-synuclein upregulation in dopaminergic neurons.	Adenosine	10-19	synuclein alpha	Rattus norvegicus	80-95
31585521-2	2020	Methylation of adenosine at the N6 position (m6A) in messenger RNA (mRNA) is currently the most well-studied RNA modification and is catalyzed by the RNA methyltransferase complex METTL3/METTL14.	Adenosine	15-24	methyltransferase 14, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase subunit	Homo sapiens	187-194
31943851-8	2020	Decreasing elevated exosomal CNP levels in EP4 antagonist-induced MSC EVs/exosomes reduced the efficacy of these EVs/exosomes in promoting beta3-tubulin polymerization and in converting toxic 2",3"-cAMP into neuroprotective adenosine.	Adenosine	224-233	2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase	Mus musculus	29-32
31943851-8	2020	Decreasing elevated exosomal CNP levels in EP4 antagonist-induced MSC EVs/exosomes reduced the efficacy of these EVs/exosomes in promoting beta3-tubulin polymerization and in converting toxic 2",3"-cAMP into neuroprotective adenosine.	Adenosine	224-233	prostaglandin E receptor 4 (subtype EP4)	Mus musculus	43-46
32210974-2	2020	Thereby, the SDF-1-CXCR4/CXCR7-axis was linked with adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	52-61	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
32210974-2	2020	Thereby, the SDF-1-CXCR4/CXCR7-axis was linked with adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	52-61	atypical chemokine receptor 3	Homo sapiens	25-30
32156055-0	2020	Opposing Effects of Adenosine and Inosine in Human Subcutaneous Fibroblasts May Be Regulated by Third Party ADA Cell Providers.	Adenosine	20-29	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	108-111
32156055-4	2020	Adenosine accumulation (t1/2 158 +- 17 min) in the extracellular fluid reflected very low cellular adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	99-118
32156055-4	2020	Adenosine accumulation (t1/2 158 +- 17 min) in the extracellular fluid reflected very low cellular adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	120-123
31900336-8	2020	Pimonidazole and CCL-2 positive staining diminished when B16-F1 cell-inoculated animals were treated with trolox, nifedipine, or the adenosine receptor 2A antagonist KW6002.	Adenosine	133-142	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	17-22
31900336-9	2020	Our results show that MCs are located preferentially in hypoxic zones of melanoma tumors, hypoxia-induced CCL-2 production in MCs requires calcium rise mediated by glutathionylation and membrane translocation of LVDCCs, and this mechanism of CCL-2 synthesis seems to operate in other cells inside melanoma tumors, with the participation of the adenosine receptor 2A.	Adenosine	344-353	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	106-111
32116704-0	2020	Cyp2j5-Gene Deletion Affects on Acetylcholine and Adenosine-Induced Relaxation in Mice: Role of Angiotensin-II and CYP-Epoxygenase Inhibitor.	Adenosine	50-59	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily j, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	0-6
32116704-2	2020	Therefore, we hypothesized that Cyp2j5-gene deletion affects acetylcholine- and 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) (adenosine)-induced relaxation and their response is partially inhibited by angiotensin-II (Ang-II) in mice.	Adenosine	101-110	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily j, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	32-38
31915322-8	2020	Additionally, intervention of adenosine monophosphate activated protein (AMPK)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling molecule by the AMPK activator, AICAR, increased p-AMPK and ABCA1 expression, decreased p-mTOR expression and promoted cholesterol efflux, resulting in an obvious reduction in intracellular lipid content.	Adenosine	30-39	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	186-191
31978345-6	2020	FAMIN enables in macrophages a purine nucleotide cycle (PNC) between adenosine and inosine monophosphate and adenylosuccinate, which consumes aspartate and releases fumarate in a manner involving fatty acid oxidation and ATP-citrate lyase activity.	Adenosine	69-78	ATP citrate lyase	Homo sapiens	221-238
31852821-5	2020	Extracellular adenosine, the ligand for AdoR, is a small metabolite that can be released by various cell types and degraded in the extracellular space by secreted adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	14-23	Adenosine receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	40-44
31852821-6	2020	Interestingly, down-regulation of adenosine deaminase-related growth factor A (Adgf-A) from enterocytes is necessary for extracellular adenosine to activate AdoR and induce ISC overproliferation.	Adenosine	34-43	Adenosine receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	157-161
31806266-0	2020	Selenium bioisosteric replacement of adenosine derivatives promoting adiponectin secretion increases the binding affinity to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta.	Adenosine	37-46	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	125-173
32445451-2	2020	Here we summarized the energy sensor adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its agonist berberine can combat the common underlying pathological events of neurodegeneration including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial disorder, glutamate excitotoxicity, apoptosis, autophagy disorder and neurovascular units disruption.	Adenosine	37-46	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	96-100
31914698-3	2020	We hypothesized that blockade of intracellular adenosine uptake by inhibition of ENT1/2 would increase adenosine receptor signaling and protect against P. aeruginosa-induced acute lung injury.	Adenosine	47-56	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	81-85
31914698-3	2020	We hypothesized that blockade of intracellular adenosine uptake by inhibition of ENT1/2 would increase adenosine receptor signaling and protect against P. aeruginosa-induced acute lung injury.	Adenosine	103-112	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	81-85
31914698-6	2020	Using both agonists and antagonists directed against adenosine receptors A2AR and A2BR, we further demonstrated that ENT1/2 blockade protected against P. aeruginosa -induced acute lung injury via activation of A2AR and A2BR.	Adenosine	53-62	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	117-121
31583569-1	2020	In the precedent research conducted by the same team, it concluded that the activities in C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/beta-type phospholipase C (PLCbeta) pathways of rat antral smooth muscle were changed due to diabetes, which was the key pathogenetic mechanism for diabetic gastric dysmotility.	Adenosine	168-177	natriuretic peptide C	Rattus norvegicus	118-121
31619505-3	2020	RTD is inhibited by mutation of MET22, likely due to accumulation of the Met22 substrate adenosine 3",5" bis-phosphate, which inhibits 5"-3" exonucleases.	Adenosine	89-98	3'(2'),5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	32-37
31619505-3	2020	RTD is inhibited by mutation of MET22, likely due to accumulation of the Met22 substrate adenosine 3",5" bis-phosphate, which inhibits 5"-3" exonucleases.	Adenosine	89-98	3'(2'),5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	73-78
31881809-3	2019	Since Syk S297 phosphorylation (interdomain-B) was detected in platelets, we hypothesized that this phosphorylation site regulates Syk activity via protein kinase C (PKC)-and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent pathways.	Adenosine	182-191	spleen associated tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	131-134
31585098-1	2019	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a key enzyme of adenosine metabolism.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
31585098-1	2019	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a key enzyme of adenosine metabolism.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
31722989-0	2019	Adenosine Receptor Signaling Targets Both PKA and Epac Pathways to Polarize Dendritic Cells to a Suppressive Phenotype.	Adenosine	0-9	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	50-54
31722989-8	2019	Inhibition of effector cytokine, IL-12p40 production, and increased immunosuppressive IL-10 production by adenosine signaling is significantly reversed only when both PKA and Epac pathways were inhibited together.	Adenosine	106-115	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	86-91
31722989-8	2019	Inhibition of effector cytokine, IL-12p40 production, and increased immunosuppressive IL-10 production by adenosine signaling is significantly reversed only when both PKA and Epac pathways were inhibited together.	Adenosine	106-115	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	175-179
31722989-9	2019	Adenosine signaling increased IL-10 secretion while decreasing IL-12p40 secretion in human monocyte-derived DCs.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	30-35
31722989-12	2019	Our data suggest adenosine/cAMP signaling targets both PKA/Epac pathways to fully differentiate DCs into a suppressive phenotype.	Adenosine	17-26	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	59-63
31817925-1	2019	The Popeye domain containing (POPDC) gene family consists of POPDC1 (also known as BVES), POPDC2 and POPDC3 and encodes a novel class of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) effector proteins.	Adenosine	144-153	blood vessel epicardial substance	Homo sapiens	61-67
31817925-1	2019	The Popeye domain containing (POPDC) gene family consists of POPDC1 (also known as BVES), POPDC2 and POPDC3 and encodes a novel class of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) effector proteins.	Adenosine	144-153	blood vessel epicardial substance	Homo sapiens	83-87
31817925-1	2019	The Popeye domain containing (POPDC) gene family consists of POPDC1 (also known as BVES), POPDC2 and POPDC3 and encodes a novel class of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) effector proteins.	Adenosine	144-153	popeye domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	90-96
31817822-1	2019	Signalling by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) occurs via various effector proteins, notably protein kinase A and the guanine nucleotide exchange factors Epac1 and Epac2.	Adenosine	21-30	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	159-164
31815237-4	2019	nsP3 replication protein has recently been considered as a possible antiviral target in which crucial inhibitors fit into the adenosine-binding pocket of the macrodomain.	Adenosine	126-135	SH2 domain containing 3C	Homo sapiens	0-4
31739310-12	2019	PRP contains abundant levels of adenosine, which has a positive role on fibroblast function, whilst the inhibition of adenosine A2A receptors impairs the efficacy of PRP.	Adenosine	32-41	proline rich protein 2-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
31739310-12	2019	PRP contains abundant levels of adenosine, which has a positive role on fibroblast function, whilst the inhibition of adenosine A2A receptors impairs the efficacy of PRP.	Adenosine	118-127	proline rich protein 2-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	166-169
32109988-10	2019	Furthermore, molecular mechanism studies indicated that Ado remarkably inhibited the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, and CD31, while interference with RhoGDI2 restored the expression of the above-mentioned angiogenic factors.	Adenosine	56-59	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	106-111
31419538-9	2019	In the 15-day SF group, L-tryptophan, myristoylcarnitine, and palmitoylcarnitine were significantly increased, while adenosine monophosphate, hypoxanthine, L-glutamate, L-aspartate, L-methionine, and glycerophosphocholine were decreased compared to the EC group.	Adenosine	117-126	hepatocyte growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	14-16
31472117-2	2019	The role of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-induced cell death (parthanatos) in TBI has not been well studied.	Adenosine	17-26	poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1	Mus musculus	59-63
31298483-7	2019	Additionally, through a series of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-inhibition experiments using compound C, we show that the positive effects of GPR30 on mineralization and differentiation of preosteoblasts are mediated through the AMPK/anti-acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) pathway.	Adenosine	34-43	G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1	Mus musculus	168-173
31501246-7	2019	Earlier studies identified 5"N-ethylcarboxamido adenosine (NECA) as a Grp94-selective ligand.	Adenosine	48-57	heat shock protein 90 beta family member 1	Homo sapiens	70-75
31136458-0	2019	Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima hyperplasia after vascular injury via p-adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway.	Adenosine	141-150	protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1D	Homo sapiens	0-35
31409667-3	2019	The novel adenosine analog N6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-adenosine (NHBA) which is isolated from the rhizomes of Gastrodia elata activates A2AR and inhibits ENT1.	Adenosine	10-19	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	148-152
31636457-1	2019	Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing by the adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA (ADAR) enzymes is a common RNA modification, preventing false activation of the innate immune system by endogenous double-stranded RNAs.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	49-68
30624615-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Cholera toxin (CT)-induced diarrhea is mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated active Cl- secretion via the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Adenosine	70-79	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	139-190
30624615-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Cholera toxin (CT)-induced diarrhea is mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated active Cl- secretion via the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Adenosine	70-79	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	192-196
31601268-0	2019	Adenosine mediates functional and metabolic suppression of peripheral and tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells.	Adenosine	0-9	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	93-96
31601268-8	2019	The influence of Ado/AdoR on the PKA and mTOR pathways was evaluated by phosphoflow staining of p-CREB and p-S6, respectively, and validated by western blot.	Adenosine	17-20	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	98-102
31601268-9	2019	RESULTS: Here, we demonstrate that Ado signaling through the A2A receptor (A2AR) in human peripheral CD8+ T cells and TILs is responsible for the higher sensitivity to Ado-mediated suppression of T central memory cells.	Adenosine	35-38	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	101-104
31366735-0	2019	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA-1 (ADAR1) inhibits hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication by enhancing microRNA-122 processing.	Adenosine	0-9	microRNA 122	Homo sapiens	102-114
31420466-8	2019	Importantly, intracellular cAMP regulates CD39 expression and CD39-dependent adenosine production in iTregs, and cAMP directly participates in iTreg-derived adenosine production by a CD39 signaling-independent extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	77-86	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	62-66
31420466-8	2019	Importantly, intracellular cAMP regulates CD39 expression and CD39-dependent adenosine production in iTregs, and cAMP directly participates in iTreg-derived adenosine production by a CD39 signaling-independent extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	77-86	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	62-66
31328227-6	2019	On the basis of similarities with a DNA methyltransferase, we propose that METTL5-TRMT112 acts by extruding the adenosine to be modified from a double-stranded nucleic acid.	Adenosine	112-121	methyltransferase 5, N6-adenosine	Homo sapiens	75-81
31328227-6	2019	On the basis of similarities with a DNA methyltransferase, we propose that METTL5-TRMT112 acts by extruding the adenosine to be modified from a double-stranded nucleic acid.	Adenosine	112-121	tRNA methyltransferase activator subunit 11-2	Homo sapiens	82-89
31270214-10	2019	SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study revealed that adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) and ADAR2, which catalyze adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, downregulate the expression of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) in human liver-derived cells by attenuating splicing.	Adenosine	49-58	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3	Homo sapiens	184-216
31270214-10	2019	SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study revealed that adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) and ADAR2, which catalyze adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, downregulate the expression of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) in human liver-derived cells by attenuating splicing.	Adenosine	49-58	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3	Homo sapiens	218-221
31375946-9	2019	The decreased ADA activity and the increase in A1 receptor expression may contribute to adenosine pro-tumor effects by increasing IL-6 and TNF-alpha and decreasing IL-17 and INF-gamma serum levels.	Adenosine	88-97	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	164-169
31034872-4	2019	We identified the binding site for transcription factor cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding (CREB) in the DAZAP2 promoter CpG2, and we found that hypermethylation of the CREB binding motif in the DAZAP2 promoter is responsible for the reduced DAZAP2 expression in MM cells.	Adenosine	63-72	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	113-117
30633335-5	2019	Here, we report concentration-dependent effects of adenosine: less than 5 x 10-7  M adenosine-stimulated NHE3 activity; between 5 x 10-7  M and 10-5  M adenosine-inhibited NHE3 activity; and greater than 10-5  M adenosine reversed the change in NHE3 activity (returned to baseline).	Adenosine	51-60	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	105-109
30633335-5	2019	Here, we report concentration-dependent effects of adenosine: less than 5 x 10-7  M adenosine-stimulated NHE3 activity; between 5 x 10-7  M and 10-5  M adenosine-inhibited NHE3 activity; and greater than 10-5  M adenosine reversed the change in NHE3 activity (returned to baseline).	Adenosine	51-60	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	172-176
30633335-5	2019	Here, we report concentration-dependent effects of adenosine: less than 5 x 10-7  M adenosine-stimulated NHE3 activity; between 5 x 10-7  M and 10-5  M adenosine-inhibited NHE3 activity; and greater than 10-5  M adenosine reversed the change in NHE3 activity (returned to baseline).	Adenosine	51-60	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	172-176
30633335-5	2019	Here, we report concentration-dependent effects of adenosine: less than 5 x 10-7  M adenosine-stimulated NHE3 activity; between 5 x 10-7  M and 10-5  M adenosine-inhibited NHE3 activity; and greater than 10-5  M adenosine reversed the change in NHE3 activity (returned to baseline).	Adenosine	84-93	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	105-109
30633335-5	2019	Here, we report concentration-dependent effects of adenosine: less than 5 x 10-7  M adenosine-stimulated NHE3 activity; between 5 x 10-7  M and 10-5  M adenosine-inhibited NHE3 activity; and greater than 10-5  M adenosine reversed the change in NHE3 activity (returned to baseline).	Adenosine	84-93	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	105-109
30633335-5	2019	Here, we report concentration-dependent effects of adenosine: less than 5 x 10-7  M adenosine-stimulated NHE3 activity; between 5 x 10-7  M and 10-5  M adenosine-inhibited NHE3 activity; and greater than 10-5  M adenosine reversed the change in NHE3 activity (returned to baseline).	Adenosine	84-93	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	105-109
31115798-4	2019	S1PR1 signaling can also trigger various other signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis including activation of PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK1/2, Rac, and PKC/Ca, as well as suppression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).	Adenosine	190-199	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
30903201-3	2019	We therefore hypothesized that postpartum oral estrogen-progestin use induces hepatic lipid accumulation that is associated with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation via adenosine deaminase (ADA)/xanthine oxidase (XO)/uric acid (UA)-dependent pathway.	Adenosine	209-218	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-152
30903201-3	2019	We therefore hypothesized that postpartum oral estrogen-progestin use induces hepatic lipid accumulation that is associated with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation via adenosine deaminase (ADA)/xanthine oxidase (XO)/uric acid (UA)-dependent pathway.	Adenosine	209-218	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	154-156
31346171-4	2019	2) alpha-Ketoglutarate inhibits adenosine triphosphate synthase, which in together promote the formation of cAMP/CRP regulon to increase the expression of complement-binding proteins HtrE, NfrA, and YhcD.	Adenosine	32-41	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	113-116
31244112-2	2019	Here, we report a structure-activity relationship study, which led to the discovery of a drug-like adenosine 5"-triphosphate-site PI3K/mTOR kinase inhibitor: (S)-4-(difluoromethyl)-5-(4-(3-methylmorpholino)-6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)pyridin-2-amine (PQR530, compound 6), which qualifies as a clinical candidate due to its potency and specificity for PI3K and mTOR kinases, and its pharmacokinetic properties, including brain penetration.	Adenosine	99-108	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	135-139
31244112-2	2019	Here, we report a structure-activity relationship study, which led to the discovery of a drug-like adenosine 5"-triphosphate-site PI3K/mTOR kinase inhibitor: (S)-4-(difluoromethyl)-5-(4-(3-methylmorpholino)-6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)pyridin-2-amine (PQR530, compound 6), which qualifies as a clinical candidate due to its potency and specificity for PI3K and mTOR kinases, and its pharmacokinetic properties, including brain penetration.	Adenosine	99-108	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	365-369
31028741-4	2019	These effects were associated with an upregulation of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) and the activation of its upstream Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/(Liver kinase B1) LKB1- (Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) AMPK axis.	Adenosine	160-169	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	117-126
31028741-4	2019	These effects were associated with an upregulation of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) and the activation of its upstream Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/(Liver kinase B1) LKB1- (Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) AMPK axis.	Adenosine	160-169	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	128-133
31050560-1	2019	Although the cardioprotective effect of adenosine is undisputed, the role of the adenosine A2b receptor (A2bR) in ischemic cardiac remodeling is not defined.	Adenosine	81-90	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	105-109
31050560-8	2019	This suggests the presence of a targetable adenosine-A2bR-IL-6-axis triggered by adenosine formed by the ischemic heart.	Adenosine	43-52	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	53-57
31050560-8	2019	This suggests the presence of a targetable adenosine-A2bR-IL-6-axis triggered by adenosine formed by the ischemic heart.	Adenosine	81-90	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	53-57
31050560-11	2019	This suggests an important adenosine-IL-6 axis, which is controlled by A2bR via local adenosine.	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	71-75
31050560-11	2019	This suggests an important adenosine-IL-6 axis, which is controlled by A2bR via local adenosine.	Adenosine	86-95	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	71-75
31071332-3	2019	The alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G stimulatory protein (Gsalpha) mediates receptor-stimulated production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).	Adenosine	122-131	GNAS (guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating) complex locus	Mus musculus	63-70
31076540-7	2019	CNGC19 is a Ca2+-permeable channel, as hyperpolarization of CNGC19-expressing Xenopus oocytes in the presence of both cyclic adenosine monophosphate and Ca2+ results in Ca2+ influx.	Adenosine	125-134	cyclic nucleotide gated channel 19	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-6
31076540-7	2019	CNGC19 is a Ca2+-permeable channel, as hyperpolarization of CNGC19-expressing Xenopus oocytes in the presence of both cyclic adenosine monophosphate and Ca2+ results in Ca2+ influx.	Adenosine	125-134	cyclic nucleotide gated channel 19	Arabidopsis thaliana	60-66
31062662-0	2019	Exosomes Expressing Thyrotropin Receptor Attenuate Autoantibody-Mediated Stimulation of Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Production.	Adenosine	95-104	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	20-40
31062662-2	2019	In Graves" disease (GD), autoantibodies bind to the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) on the surface of thyroid follicular epithelial cells and stimulate thyroid growth and thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion via cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production.	Adenosine	218-227	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	52-72
31062662-2	2019	In Graves" disease (GD), autoantibodies bind to the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) on the surface of thyroid follicular epithelial cells and stimulate thyroid growth and thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion via cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production.	Adenosine	218-227	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	74-78
31216643-5	2019	By introducing only Tb3+ to adenosine and ADA in the buffer, the enhancement of luminescence enabled the detection of a low concentration of ADA (detection limit 1.6 U/L).	Adenosine	28-37	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	141-144
30967398-0	2019	N6-Methylation of Adenosine of FZD10 mRNA Contributes to PARP Inhibitor Resistance.	Adenosine	18-27	poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1	Mus musculus	57-61
31002765-9	2019	However, kinetic results of PfADA-Asp176Met/Ala mutants and hADA-Met155Asp/Ala showed that the mutation reduced adenosine and 5"-methylthioadenosine substrate affinity in PfADA and kcat in hADA, thereby reducing catalytic efficiency of the enzyme.	Adenosine	112-121	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	60-64
31002765-9	2019	However, kinetic results of PfADA-Asp176Met/Ala mutants and hADA-Met155Asp/Ala showed that the mutation reduced adenosine and 5"-methylthioadenosine substrate affinity in PfADA and kcat in hADA, thereby reducing catalytic efficiency of the enzyme.	Adenosine	112-121	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	189-193
30978018-0	2019	Synthesis of Terminal Ribose Analogues of Adenosine 5"-Diphosphate Ribose as Probes for the Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel TRPM2.	Adenosine	42-51	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2	Homo sapiens	136-141
30978018-3	2019	Binding of the nucleotide adenosine 5"-diphosphate ribose (ADPR) to the cytosolic NUDT9 homology (NUDT9 H) domain activates the channel.	Adenosine	26-35	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2	Homo sapiens	98-105
31134091-5	2019	We show that Rai deficiency enhances the ability of astrocytes to upregulate the expression and activity of the ectonucleotidase CD39, which catalyzes the conversion of extracellular ATP to the immunosuppressive metabolite adenosine, through both contact-dependent and-independent mechanisms.	Adenosine	223-232	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	129-133
30835463-1	2019	The A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) was proposed as a novel target for the (immuno)therapy of cancer since A2BAR blockade results in antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, and immunostimulatory effects.	Adenosine	8-17	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	28-33
30835463-1	2019	The A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) was proposed as a novel target for the (immuno)therapy of cancer since A2BAR blockade results in antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, and immunostimulatory effects.	Adenosine	8-17	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	106-111
30746715-3	2019	In the present study, we dissect the molecular mechanisms by which clear cells respond to luminal ATP and adenosine to modulate their acidifying activity via the adenosine receptor ADORA2B and the pH-sensitive ATP receptor P2X4.	Adenosine	106-115	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	181-188
30681368-8	2019	At the early reperfusion phase, rIPC induced significant Akt and eNOS phosphorylation, which was abolished by the perfusion with an adenosine A1 receptor blocker.	Adenosine	132-141	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
30452922-2	2019	It is caused by mutations in the adenosine triphosphatase copper transporting beta gene (ATP7B), which encodes a protein that transports copper from hepatocytes into the bile.	Adenosine	33-42	ATPase copper transporting beta	Homo sapiens	89-94
30520694-17	2019	Both hormones require PAK4 activation to stimulate sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase activity.	Adenosine	68-77	p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 4	Rattus norvegicus	22-26
30584229-4	2019	CRHR2 is predominantly expressed in the heart, and a CRHR2-specific ligand, urocortin 2 (UCN2), shows positive cardiac chronotropic and inotropic effects through 3 ,5 -cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling in response to CRHR2-mediated Galphas activation in mice and humans.	Adenosine	175-184	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2	Mus musculus	53-58
30584229-4	2019	CRHR2 is predominantly expressed in the heart, and a CRHR2-specific ligand, urocortin 2 (UCN2), shows positive cardiac chronotropic and inotropic effects through 3 ,5 -cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling in response to CRHR2-mediated Galphas activation in mice and humans.	Adenosine	175-184	urocortin 2	Mus musculus	76-87
30584229-4	2019	CRHR2 is predominantly expressed in the heart, and a CRHR2-specific ligand, urocortin 2 (UCN2), shows positive cardiac chronotropic and inotropic effects through 3 ,5 -cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling in response to CRHR2-mediated Galphas activation in mice and humans.	Adenosine	175-184	urocortin 2	Mus musculus	89-93
30584229-4	2019	CRHR2 is predominantly expressed in the heart, and a CRHR2-specific ligand, urocortin 2 (UCN2), shows positive cardiac chronotropic and inotropic effects through 3 ,5 -cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling in response to CRHR2-mediated Galphas activation in mice and humans.	Adenosine	175-184	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2	Mus musculus	53-58
30551393-2	2019	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) reduces adenosine content which increases glycogenolysis.	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
30640700-1	2019	OBJECTIVE: Germline mutations in BRCA1/2 genes predict improved survival and sensitivity to treatment with poly(adenosine-diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors in epithelial ovarian carcinoma.	Adenosine	112-121	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	33-40
33418833-10	2018	In addition, LOX inhibitor treatment enhanced DOX sensitivity of 21PT in the bioprinted constructs, as seen by a decrease in LOX secretion and downregulation of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter gene expression.	Adenosine	161-170	lysyl oxidase	Homo sapiens	13-16
30269308-9	2018	Treatment of IMFs with CD73 inhibitors markedly reduced 5"-AMP clearance whereas ADA blockade or inhibition of both ADA and ENTs prevented adenosine catabolism.	Adenosine	139-148	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
30269308-9	2018	Treatment of IMFs with CD73 inhibitors markedly reduced 5"-AMP clearance whereas ADA blockade or inhibition of both ADA and ENTs prevented adenosine catabolism.	Adenosine	139-148	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	116-119
30269308-12	2018	Overall, our data show that in IMFs an extracellular AMP-adenosine pathway is functionally active and among the different enzymatic pathways regulating extracellular adenosine levels, CD73 and ecto-ADA represent the critical catabolic pathway.	Adenosine	57-66	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	198-201
30425720-5	2018	NK cells were shown to be hyper-responsive to adenosine when primed with IL-12 and IL-15 compared to IL-2, exhibiting enhanced IFN-gamma expression from CD56bright and CD56dim subsets while modulating the expression of activation marker NKG2D.	Adenosine	46-55	interleukin 15	Homo sapiens	83-88
30154417-8	2018	The over-expressing of JAZF1 in hepatocytes displayed the increased adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and decreased sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) expression.	Adenosine	68-77	JAZF zinc finger 1	Mus musculus	23-28
30002135-8	2018	High-concentration adenosine increased insulin secretion in a manner sensitive to treatment with the autophagy inducer Tat-beclin1, and inhibition of autophagy augmented secretion.	Adenosine	19-28	beclin 1	Homo sapiens	123-130
29923026-2	2018	The presence of adenosine in the inflammatory milieu or generated by the CD39/CD73 axis on tissues or T regulatory cells serves to regulate immune responses.	Adenosine	16-25	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	73-77
29983349-4	2018	These effects are independent of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), but involve augmented adenosine levels, in turn resulting in an adenosine 2B receptor-mediated post-transcriptional increase of interleukin (IL)-10 production.	Adenosine	89-98	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	195-214
29928113-3	2018	The aim of the present study was to fabricate an adenosine (Ade) prodrug-based, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-modified nanosystem for the treatment of myocardial infarction.	Adenosine	49-58	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	80-106
29928113-3	2018	The aim of the present study was to fabricate an adenosine (Ade) prodrug-based, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-modified nanosystem for the treatment of myocardial infarction.	Adenosine	60-63	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	80-106
29455338-4	2018	Extracellular ATP is mainly hydrolyzed by NTPDase1/CD39 and NTPDase2/CD39L1, generating AMP, which is hydrolyzed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to adenosine, a possible promoter of tumor growth and metastasis.	Adenosine	147-156	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	60-68
29455338-4	2018	Extracellular ATP is mainly hydrolyzed by NTPDase1/CD39 and NTPDase2/CD39L1, generating AMP, which is hydrolyzed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to adenosine, a possible promoter of tumor growth and metastasis.	Adenosine	147-156	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	69-75
29887330-6	2018	Released ATP and its metabolite adenosine act on P2Y11 and adenosine A2b receptors expressed by astrocytes, causing an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor in astrocytes.	Adenosine	32-41	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	69-72
29890051-7	2018	In the prefrontal cortex, AGE-HFS resulted in increased 5" adenosine monophosphate - activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation (P = 0.045).	Adenosine	59-68	renin binding protein	Mus musculus	26-29
29492786-6	2018	The effects of adenosine deaminase (ADA) on basal binding also support the presence of adenosine.	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	36-39
29205377-9	2018	Furthermore, we show that the dopamine D1 receptors evoked ERK1/2 activation as well as the NR2B(Tyr1472) phosphorylation are also regulated by endogenous adenosine and A2A Rs.	Adenosine	155-164	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	92-96
29568933-10	2018	Western blotting indicated that the effect of Abeta1-42 on U87 cell apoptosis may be regulated via Bcl-2 and caspase-3 located in mitochondria, whose functions, including adenosine triphosphate generation, electron transport chain and mitochondrial membrane potential, were inhibited by Abeta1-42.	Adenosine	171-180	caspase 3	Mus musculus	109-118
29616118-8	2018	Finally, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation was found to be significantly inhibited in adenosine-treated FaDu cells, as was phosphorylation of the mTOR downregulators, S6 kinase beta1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma1.	Adenosine	187-196	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1	Homo sapiens	352-401
29244203-0	2018	Pediatric tolerogenic DCs expressing CD4 and immunoglobulin-like transcript receptor (ILT)-4 secrete IL-10 in response to Fc and adenosine.	Adenosine	129-138	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	101-106
29103803-3	2018	Purinergic signalling involving catabolism of ATP to adenosine by cell-surface enzymes CD39 and CD73 has anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects.	Adenosine	53-62	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	87-91
29426890-7	2018	GMPR"s product GMPR1 is in the AMPK and adenosine receptor pathways and is thus associated with Tau phosphorylation in AD.	Adenosine	40-49	guanosine monophosphate reductase	Mus musculus	0-4
29426890-7	2018	GMPR"s product GMPR1 is in the AMPK and adenosine receptor pathways and is thus associated with Tau phosphorylation in AD.	Adenosine	40-49	guanosine monophosphate reductase	Mus musculus	15-20
29222395-12	2018	Our study shows that medullary A-ICs respond to luminal adenosine through ADORA2A and ADORA2B receptors in a cAMP/PKA pathway-dependent mechanism to induce V-ATPase-dependent H+ secretion.	Adenosine	56-65	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	86-93
29304330-1	2018	N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing are two of the most abundant RNA modifications, both at adenosines.	Adenosine	123-133	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	20-23
28590037-2	2018	Previously, we demonstrated that Col1a1 and Pparg genes are deregulated in CCl4 -induced cirrhosis but their normal expression levels are recovered upon treatment with IFC-305, an adenosine derivative.	Adenosine	180-189	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	44-49
28464260-6	2017	The landscape of gene expression profiles of SKOV-3 cell cultures treated with apyrase or adenosine demonstrated similarities (e.g., decrease FGF16 transcript) and differences (e.g., the negative regulation of Wnt 2, and 10B by adenosine).	Adenosine	90-99	fibroblast growth factor 16	Homo sapiens	142-147
28464260-9	2017	Pharmacological approaches strongly suggested that the effect of Apyrase involved the accumulation of extracellular adenosine; this notion was strengthened when the incubation of the SKOV-3 cell with alpha,beta-methylene ADP (CD73 inhibitor) or adenosine deaminase was sufficient to abolish the effect of apyrase on cell migration.	Adenosine	116-125	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	245-264
28893353-3	2017	The aims of this study were to assess whether adenosine can induce IL-6 secretion by cholangiocytes via the A2b adenosine receptor (A2bAR) and to determine the effect of A2bAR-sensitive IL-6 release on injury response in biliary cirrhosis.	Adenosine	46-55	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	108-130
28893353-3	2017	The aims of this study were to assess whether adenosine can induce IL-6 secretion by cholangiocytes via the A2b adenosine receptor (A2bAR) and to determine the effect of A2bAR-sensitive IL-6 release on injury response in biliary cirrhosis.	Adenosine	46-55	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	132-137
28893353-7	2017	Adenosine induced IL-6 mRNA expression and protein secretion via A2bAR activation.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	65-70
28893353-11	2017	Extracellular adenosine induces cholangiocyte IL-6 release via the A2bAR.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	67-72
28893353-13	2017	Adenosine upregulates IL-6 release by cholangiocytes via the A2bAR in a calcium-sensitive fashion.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	61-66
29085053-5	2017	ESWT, exogenous adenosine and specialized A2BR agonist suppressed hMSC chondrogenic differentiation through downregulating the expressions of aggrecan (ACAN), Collagen Type I alpha 2(COL1A2), Collagen Type II alpha 1(COL2A1), Sex-Determining Region YBox 9 (SOX9) and Sex-Determining Region YBox 6 (SOX6).	Adenosine	16-25	aggrecan	Homo sapiens	152-156
28842605-0	2017	Deficient Insulin-mediated Upregulation of the Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 2 Contributes to Chronically Increased Adenosine in Diabetic Glomerulopathy.	Adenosine	123-132	equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2	Rattus norvegicus	47-85
28517175-1	2017	Adenosine deaminase converts adenosine into inosine.	Adenosine	29-38	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
28370734-0	2017	Apoptosis and cell cycle regulatory effects of adenosine by modulation of GLI-1 and ERK1/2 pathways in CD44+ and CD24- breast cancer stem cells.	Adenosine	47-56	GLI family zinc finger 1	Homo sapiens	74-79
28370734-0	2017	Apoptosis and cell cycle regulatory effects of adenosine by modulation of GLI-1 and ERK1/2 pathways in CD44+ and CD24- breast cancer stem cells.	Adenosine	47-56	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	103-107
28487312-1	2017	Cd39 scavenges extracellular ATP and ADP, ultimately generating adenosine, a nucleoside, which has anti-inflammatory effects in the vasculature.	Adenosine	64-73	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	0-4
28495790-5	2017	BMDCs were cultured and used to measure the effect of adenosine on IL-15.	Adenosine	54-63	interleukin 15	Mus musculus	67-72
8856488-1	1996	Endogenous adenosine in the brain may inhibit central sympathetic tone and thereby restrain renin release, a mechanism that may be particularly important when sympathetic activity is enhanced.	Adenosine	11-20	renin	Rattus norvegicus	92-97
8856488-2	1996	The purpose of our study was to test the hypothesis that the adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine increases renin release in part by disabling the central nervous system (CNS) adenosine brake on renin release.	Adenosine	61-70	renin	Rattus norvegicus	110-115
28486975-2	2017	Based on high-throughput scans used to identify putative RNA editing sites, ADAR appears to catalyze a substantial number of adenosine to inosine transitions within repetitive regions of the primate transcriptome, thereby dramatically enhancing genetic variation beyond what is encoded in the genome.	Adenosine	125-134	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Sus scrofa	76-80
28398248-3	2017	RNA editing is a biochemical process in which either Adenosine or Cytosine is deaminated by a group of RNA editing enzymes including ADAR (Adenosine deaminase; RNA specific) or APOBEC3B (Apolipoprotein B mRNA Editing Enzyme Catalytic Subunit 3B).	Adenosine	53-62	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	139-158
28124257-1	2017	We have shown previously that bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated suppression of phospholipase-Cbeta-2 (PLCbeta-2) expression is involved in M1 (inflammatory) to M2-like (wound healing) phenotypic switching of macrophages triggered by adenosine.	Adenosine	243-252	phospholipase C, beta 2	Mus musculus	89-110
28124257-1	2017	We have shown previously that bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated suppression of phospholipase-Cbeta-2 (PLCbeta-2) expression is involved in M1 (inflammatory) to M2-like (wound healing) phenotypic switching of macrophages triggered by adenosine.	Adenosine	243-252	phospholipase C, beta 2	Mus musculus	112-121
8641834-15	1996	CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that hypoxia induces an initial decline in KDR mRNA levels and VEGF binding sites as mediated through adenosine binding to the A2R.	Adenosine	134-143	kinase insert domain receptor	Bos taurus	75-78
8782077-12	1996	Adenosine, CCPA, APNEA, BNECA and DPCPX each appear to be selective for the A1 adenosine receptor subtype in isolated rabbit cardiomyocytes.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine receptor A1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	76-97
28082236-4	2017	We demonstrated a direct correlation between changes in the plasma adenosine level and the Th1/Th2 balance in VL patients and it was corroborated with in vitro experiment.	Adenosine	67-76	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	91-94
28082236-6	2017	Our results reveal that the elevated plasma adenosine level associated with pathogenicity and plays a critical role in skewing immune response from Th1 to Th2 type to influence the outcome of the disease.	Adenosine	44-53	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	148-151
27915186-1	2017	Adenine nucleotides and adenosine are signaling molecules that activate purinergic receptors P1 and P2.	Adenosine	24-33	crystallin gamma F, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	93-102
8827834-5	1996	These results suggest that AMP is rapidly transported to the adenosine active site by ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	61-70	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	86-106
28074903-7	2017	PEG-ADA treatment corrected metabolic adenosine-based alterations, but not cellular and signaling defects, indicating an intrinsic nature of the neurological and behavioral phenotype in ADA deficiency.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	4-7
29204093-1	2017	Introduction: Adenosine and deoxyadenosine metabolism is influenced by adenosine deaminase (ADA) enzyme.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	71-90
8656052-5	1996	The rank order of potencies of adenosine receptor agonists, measured by the agonists" half-maximal inhibitory concentrations, revealed that adenosine inhibited the numerical up-regulation of beta2 integrins and shedding of L-selectin most likely via an A2(a) receptor site.	Adenosine	31-40	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	191-196
8656052-6	1996	When extracellular concentrations of endogenously formed adenosine were enhanced by the nucleoside uptake inhibitor dipyridamole, up-regulation of beta2 integrins, and shedding of L-selectin was again inhibited.	Adenosine	57-66	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	147-152
8656052-7	1996	Both effects were reversed by the enzyme adenosine deaminase, which degrades active adenosine to inactive inosine, suggesting that endogenously formed adenosine may play an important role in the regulation of beta2 integrins and L-selectin of human PMNL.	Adenosine	41-50	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	209-214
8656052-7	1996	Both effects were reversed by the enzyme adenosine deaminase, which degrades active adenosine to inactive inosine, suggesting that endogenously formed adenosine may play an important role in the regulation of beta2 integrins and L-selectin of human PMNL.	Adenosine	84-93	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	209-214
29204093-1	2017	Introduction: Adenosine and deoxyadenosine metabolism is influenced by adenosine deaminase (ADA) enzyme.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	92-95
8600451-1	1996	The diastereomers of adenosine and uridine 2",3"-cyclic phosphorothioates were tested as substrates for 2",3"-cyclic nucleotide 3"-phosphodiesterase from bovine brain.	Adenosine	21-30	2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase	Bos taurus	104-148
8552101-4	1996	A single adenosine residue in the minor groove, conserved in all known yeast Cu metalloregulatory transcription factor DNA binding sites, plays a critical role in both AMT1 DNA binding in vitro and Cu-responsive AMT1 gene transcription in vivo.	Adenosine	9-18	ammonium permease MEP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	168-172
8552101-4	1996	A single adenosine residue in the minor groove, conserved in all known yeast Cu metalloregulatory transcription factor DNA binding sites, plays a critical role in both AMT1 DNA binding in vitro and Cu-responsive AMT1 gene transcription in vivo.	Adenosine	9-18	ammonium permease MEP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	212-216
27567601-4	2016	In view of the crucial role of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1) in determining extracellular content of adenosine, the binding properties of the ENT1 inhibitor [3H]-S-(4-Nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine were evaluated in zQ175 mice and the differential expression and differential coexpression patterns of the ENT1 gene (SLC29A1) were analyzed in a large human cohort of HD disease and controls.	Adenosine	119-128	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	73-77
27591790-2	2016	ADA converts adenosine to inosine and liberates ammonia.	Adenosine	13-22	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-3
27590504-1	2016	The A2B receptor (A2BR) can mediate adenosine-induced tumor proliferation, immunosuppression and angiogenesis.	Adenosine	36-45	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	4-16
9238666-2	1996	Adenosine, R-PIA and NECA relaxed isolated uterine arteries with intact endothelium, the potency order was NECA &gt; R-PIA &gt; adenosine.	Adenosine	0-9	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Homo sapiens	117-122
9238666-2	1996	Adenosine, R-PIA and NECA relaxed isolated uterine arteries with intact endothelium, the potency order was NECA &gt; R-PIA &gt; adenosine.	Adenosine	128-137	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Homo sapiens	11-16
9238666-2	1996	Adenosine, R-PIA and NECA relaxed isolated uterine arteries with intact endothelium, the potency order was NECA &gt; R-PIA &gt; adenosine.	Adenosine	128-137	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Homo sapiens	117-122
27590504-1	2016	The A2B receptor (A2BR) can mediate adenosine-induced tumor proliferation, immunosuppression and angiogenesis.	Adenosine	36-45	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	18-22
27706781-0	2016	Direct sequencing of mutations in the copper-transporting P-type adenosine triphosphate (ATP7B) gene for diagnosis and pathogenesis of Wilson"s disease.	Adenosine	65-74	ATPase copper transporting beta	Homo sapiens	89-94
8559253-1	1996	Editing of RNA by site-selective adenosine deamination alters codons in brain-expressed pre-messenger RNAs for glutamate receptor (GluR) subunits including a codon for a channel determinant (Q/R site) in GluR-B, which controls the Ca2+ permeability of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors.	Adenosine	33-42	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Homo sapiens	204-210
8559253-5	1996	Both deaminases edit the R/G site in GluR-B pre-mRNA, indicating that members of an emerging gene family catalyse adenosine deamination in nuclear transcripts with distinct but overlapping substrate specificities.	Adenosine	114-123	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Homo sapiens	37-43
27706781-1	2016	Copper-transporting P-type adenosine triphosphatase (ATP7B) has been identified as the pathogenic gene in hepatolenticular degeneration, or Wilson"s disease (WD).	Adenosine	27-36	ATPase copper transporting beta	Homo sapiens	53-58
8805511-8	1996	The aspartate residue, which would come into unacceptably close contact with the 2"-phosphate group of the adenosine moiety of NADPH, is replaced by a threonine or alanine in the primary sequences of NADPH-preferring enzymes of the SDR family.	Adenosine	107-116	2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	127-132
8805511-8	1996	The aspartate residue, which would come into unacceptably close contact with the 2"-phosphate group of the adenosine moiety of NADPH, is replaced by a threonine or alanine in the primary sequences of NADPH-preferring enzymes of the SDR family.	Adenosine	107-116	2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	200-205
27447233-1	2016	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) which degrades adenosine to inosine, is known to be pro-inflammatory molecule in many diseases.	Adenosine	41-50	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
9009712-6	1996	The key enzyme in the conversion of AMP into adenosine is the ecto 5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	45-54	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	62-82
27462069-0	2016	Adenosine-Induced Atrial Fibrillation: Localized Reentrant Drivers in Lateral Right Atria due to Heterogeneous Expression of Adenosine A1 Receptors and GIRK4 Subunits in the Human Heart.	Adenosine	0-9	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 5	Homo sapiens	152-157
27462069-9	2016	Sustained adenosine-induced AF is maintained by reentrant drivers localized in lateral RA regions with the highest adenosine A1 receptor/GIRK4 expression.	Adenosine	10-19	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 5	Homo sapiens	137-142
8594884-20	1995	Adenosine deaminase (ADA), which oxidatively deaminates adenosine to inosine, increased AVP-stimulated IscCl.	Adenosine	56-65	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-19
8594884-22	1995	These results suggest that adenosine, via A1AR, inhibits AVP-stimulated IscCl.	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	42-46
8594884-28	1995	We conclude that adenosine, released by a nucleoside transporter and formed extracellularly by the breakdown of AMP, binds to A1AR, and decreases AVP-stimulated IscCl in mIMCD-K2 cells by reducing intracellular cAMP levels.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	126-130
8519602-12	1995	Conversely, dual inhibition of both ADA and cGs-PDE by EHNA may cause accumulation of two inhibitory metabolites, adenosine and cGMP, which may act in synergy to mediate diverse pharmacological responses, including antiviral, antitumour and antiarrhythmic effects.	Adenosine	114-123	phosphodiesterase 2A	Homo sapiens	44-51
8531494-1	1995	The membrane ectoenzyme 5"-nucleotidase converts 5"-AMP into adenosine which, in the nervous tissue, plays an important role as intercellular messenger.	Adenosine	61-70	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	24-39
8948425-3	1995	Preferential delivery of AMP by ADPase to 5"-nucleotidase makes a significant contribution to the regulation of adenosine production from ATP or ADP.	Adenosine	112-121	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	42-57
7538580-2	1995	The objective of this study was to determine whether extracellular metabolism of cyclic AMP to AMP by extracellular phosphodiesterase and hence to adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase can occur in the intact kidney.	Adenosine	147-156	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	160-180
7697853-0	1995	Alpha 1-adrenoceptor activation increases ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity and adenosine release in rat cardiomyocytes by activating protein kinase C. BACKGROUND: Adenosine is an important regulator of many cardiac functions and is synthesized primarily by ecto- and cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	160-169	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	42-62
7697853-0	1995	Alpha 1-adrenoceptor activation increases ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity and adenosine release in rat cardiomyocytes by activating protein kinase C. BACKGROUND: Adenosine is an important regulator of many cardiac functions and is synthesized primarily by ecto- and cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	160-169	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	47-62
7697853-1	1995	We have previously reported that alpha 1-adrenoceptor blockade attenuates adenosine release from ischemic myocardium, raising the possibility that alpha 1-adrenoceptor activation activates 5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	74-83	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	189-204
7697853-7	1995	When ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity increased, adenosine release was augmented in methoxamine- and PMA-treated cardiomyocytes (1299 +/- 252% and 1372 +/- 149%, respectively) compared with the untreated group (578 +/- 26%).	Adenosine	46-55	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	5-25
7697853-8	1995	The increase in adenosine release was blunted by GF109203X and alpha, beta-methyleneadenosine 5"-diphosphate, an inhibitor of ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	16-25	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	126-146
7489013-7	1995	Thus, the changes of the activity of the enzymes, participating in the biogenesis of adenosine (NT) and c-AMP (AC) are different in the limbic and sensorimotor structures dependently on learning ability of rats.	Adenosine	85-94	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	96-98
7669942-0	1995	Concentrative transport of adenosine in murine splenocytes: limitation by an ecto-adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	82-101
7669942-4	1995	This failure to achieve an adenosine concentration gradient appears to be consequent to the action of a very active ecto-adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	121-140
7989602-1	1994	Adenosine, an important regulator of many cardiac functions, is produced by ectosolic and cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	100-115
7989602-4	1994	This study tested whether adenosine decreases the activity of ectosolic and cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	26-35	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	86-101
7989602-7	1994	Ectosolic and cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase activity was decreased by exogenous adenosine (ectosolic 5"-nucleotidase activity, 20.6 +/- 2.3 vs. 8.6 +/- 1.6 mumol/min per 10(6) cells [P &lt; 0.05]; cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase activity, 2.47 +/- 0.58 vs. 1.61 +/- 0.54 mumol/min per 10(6) cells [P &lt; 0.05] at 10(-6) M adenosine) after 30 min.	Adenosine	76-85	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	24-39
7989602-7	1994	Ectosolic and cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase activity was decreased by exogenous adenosine (ectosolic 5"-nucleotidase activity, 20.6 +/- 2.3 vs. 8.6 +/- 1.6 mumol/min per 10(6) cells [P &lt; 0.05]; cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase activity, 2.47 +/- 0.58 vs. 1.61 +/- 0.54 mumol/min per 10(6) cells [P &lt; 0.05] at 10(-6) M adenosine) after 30 min.	Adenosine	76-85	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	97-112
7989602-7	1994	Ectosolic and cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase activity was decreased by exogenous adenosine (ectosolic 5"-nucleotidase activity, 20.6 +/- 2.3 vs. 8.6 +/- 1.6 mumol/min per 10(6) cells [P &lt; 0.05]; cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase activity, 2.47 +/- 0.58 vs. 1.61 +/- 0.54 mumol/min per 10(6) cells [P &lt; 0.05] at 10(-6) M adenosine) after 30 min.	Adenosine	76-85	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	97-112
7989602-7	1994	Ectosolic and cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase activity was decreased by exogenous adenosine (ectosolic 5"-nucleotidase activity, 20.6 +/- 2.3 vs. 8.6 +/- 1.6 mumol/min per 10(6) cells [P &lt; 0.05]; cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase activity, 2.47 +/- 0.58 vs. 1.61 +/- 0.54 mumol/min per 10(6) cells [P &lt; 0.05] at 10(-6) M adenosine) after 30 min.	Adenosine	313-322	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	24-39
7966142-4	1994	Affinities for calf intestinal adenosine deaminase (ADA) were determined from the steady-state inhibition of adenosine deamination.	Adenosine	31-40	adenosine deaminase	Bos taurus	52-55
7957770-6	1994	Addition of dipyridamole or NBTI to the adenosine-treated mesangial cells produced an additive increase in ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity.	Adenosine	40-49	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	107-127
7989508-0	1994	Sperm motility and kinetics of dynein ATPase in astheno- and normozoospermic samples after stimulation with adenosine and its analogues.	Adenosine	108-117	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	38-44
7989508-11	1994	These results indicate that adenosine and its analogues stimulate sperm motility and activity of dynein ATPase, most probably via A2 receptors.	Adenosine	28-37	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	104-110
8006679-2	1994	Therefore we investigated the distribution of the enzyme ecto-5"-nucleotidase which hydrolyzes extracellular adenosine monophosphate to adenosine and phosphate.	Adenosine	109-118	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	57-77
8292250-6	1993	Since TRH-induced excitatory effects can be regarded as dopamine-related behaviours, the present results further confirm that the adenosine system inhibits the behavioural effects due to dopaminergic activation.	Adenosine	130-139	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	6-9
8240397-5	1993	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase converts extracellular AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	51-60	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	0-20
8240397-15	1993	This increase in 5"-nucleotidase activity in response to endotoxin injury may represent an important clearance mechanism for circulating adenine nucleotides and may be protective in acute vascular injury by increasing adenosine production.	Adenosine	218-227	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	17-32
8147265-4	1993	Previously challenged cells exhibited increased spontaneous beta-hexosaminidase release, but adenosine retained its ability to augment beta-hexosaminidase release.	Adenosine	93-102	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	135-154
8147265-5	1993	Adenosine enhanced A23187-stimulated release of beta-hexosaminidase in control and previously challenged cells.	Adenosine	0-9	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	48-67
8348695-5	1993	In accordance with the decreases in ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity, release of adenosine was attenuated in the FMLP-pretreated and complement C5a-pretreated polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which were restored by concomitant administration of superoxide dismutase.	Adenosine	78-87	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	36-56
8515275-10	1993	Inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase by alpha,beta-methylene ADP and GMP did not affect basal adenosine outflow but potentiated "ischemia"-evoked adenosine outflow.	Adenosine	144-153	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	14-34
8358536-5	1993	Co-treatment with the adenosine derivative R-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) (100, 25 or 10 micrograms kg-1, i.p.)	Adenosine	22-31	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Rattus norvegicus	43-76
8486793-4	1993	Additional studies suggested that neutrophil-derived 5"-AMP is subsequently converted to adenosine at the epithelial cell surface by ecto-5"-nucleotidase and that adenosine subsequently activates intestinal secretion through adenosine receptors on the apical membrane of target intestinal epithelial cells.	Adenosine	89-98	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	133-153
8476074-9	1993	The hypoxic proximal tubule might release the nucleotide AMP, which would be hydrolyzed to adenosine by the ecto-5"-nucleotidase in the interstitium.	Adenosine	91-100	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	108-128
8384443-10	1993	From studies with inhibitors of membrane 5"-nucleotidase and of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, it was deduced that adenosine is produced by the latter enzyme and by cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase in normoxia, and by cytosolic and membrane 5"-nucleotidases in anoxia.	Adenosine	118-127	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	41-56
8384443-10	1993	From studies with inhibitors of membrane 5"-nucleotidase and of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, it was deduced that adenosine is produced by the latter enzyme and by cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase in normoxia, and by cytosolic and membrane 5"-nucleotidases in anoxia.	Adenosine	118-127	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	178-193
8450475-9	1993	Moreover, reduction of extracellular adenosine formation by a focal injection of an ecto-5"-nucleotidase inhibitor, alpha, beta-methyleneadenosine diphosphate, produced generalized seizures (ED50 = 37.3 +/- 22.7 nmol).	Adenosine	37-46	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	84-104
8420624-5	1993	This notion is supported by the finding that both the adenosine concentration and activity of 5"-nucleotidase, an enzyme partially governing adenosine synthesis, were increased in the hippocampus of old rats as compared to their younger counterparts.	Adenosine	141-150	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	94-109
8384527-3	1993	5"-Nucleotidase is thought to contribute to adenosine production aside from the accumulation of 5"-AMP in the ischaemic myocardium, while the hydrolysis of SAH plays a major role in adenosine production in the normoxic myocardium.	Adenosine	44-53	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-15
8384527-4	1993	5"-Nucleotidase activity is reported to increase adenosine production through accumulation of ATP, ADP, H+, Mg2+ and inorganic phosphate during ischaemia.	Adenosine	49-58	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-15
8417143-8	1993	The delay in adenosine production was proportional to the initial ATP concentration, was a consequence of feedforward inhibition of the ADPase and 5"-nucleotidase, and was inversely proportional to the ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity.	Adenosine	13-22	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	147-162
8417143-8	1993	The delay in adenosine production was proportional to the initial ATP concentration, was a consequence of feedforward inhibition of the ADPase and 5"-nucleotidase, and was inversely proportional to the ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity.	Adenosine	13-22	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	202-222
8417143-9	1993	The function and characteristics of this pathway and the central role of 5"-nucleotidase in the regulation of extraterminal adenosine concentrations are discussed.	Adenosine	124-133	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	73-88
8445983-2	1993	This observation suggests that endogenous adenosine plays a physiologically significant role in restraining renin release.	Adenosine	42-51	renin	Rattus norvegicus	108-113
8445983-3	1993	However, it is unclear whether chronic blockade of adenosine receptors would cause a rise of renin activity since tolerance to adenosine blockade is known to develop quickly.	Adenosine	51-60	renin	Rattus norvegicus	93-98
8445983-12	1993	The results of this study suggest that the inhibitory role of adenosine on renin release is a general physiological process, rather than a special situation applicable only to the 2K1C model.	Adenosine	62-71	renin	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
8234540-0	1993	Effect of adenosine blockade on plasma renin activity and catecholamines.	Adenosine	10-19	renin	Rattus norvegicus	39-44
1481890-2	1992	Adenosine produced and released within the kidney is thought to participate in the metabolic regulation of glomerular filtration (tubuloglomerular feedback), as well as in regulating renal excretory function and renin secretion.	Adenosine	0-9	renin	Rattus norvegicus	212-217
1481890-9	1992	The distribution of A1 and A2a adenosine receptor mRNAs within the rat kidney supports previously postulated roles for adenosine in the regulation of renal hemodynamics, excretory function, and renin secretion.	Adenosine	31-40	renin	Rattus norvegicus	194-199
27216633-0	2016	Discovery of potent adenosine A2a antagonists as potential anti-Parkinson disease agents.	Adenosine	20-29	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	30-33
27216633-3	2016	In this study, we combined extensive pharmacophore modeling and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis to explore the structural requirements for potent Adenosine A2A antagonists.	Adenosine	175-184	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	185-188
27216633-6	2016	Best QSAR models and their associated pharmacophore hypotheses were validated by identification of several novel Adenosine A2A antagonist leads retrieved from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) structural database.	Adenosine	113-122	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	123-126
29244467-8	2016	We can assume that the formation of complexes with the ADA ectopeptidases (CD26 and 5"-NC) for newly diagnosed IPT provides a balance CD26_ADA extracellular / intracellular adenosine and 5"-NC / adenosine and thereby adequate metabolism of immunocompetent cells.	Adenosine	173-182	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	55-58
29244467-8	2016	We can assume that the formation of complexes with the ADA ectopeptidases (CD26 and 5"-NC) for newly diagnosed IPT provides a balance CD26_ADA extracellular / intracellular adenosine and 5"-NC / adenosine and thereby adequate metabolism of immunocompetent cells.	Adenosine	173-182	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	139-142
29244467-8	2016	We can assume that the formation of complexes with the ADA ectopeptidases (CD26 and 5"-NC) for newly diagnosed IPT provides a balance CD26_ADA extracellular / intracellular adenosine and 5"-NC / adenosine and thereby adequate metabolism of immunocompetent cells.	Adenosine	195-204	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	55-58
29244467-8	2016	We can assume that the formation of complexes with the ADA ectopeptidases (CD26 and 5"-NC) for newly diagnosed IPT provides a balance CD26_ADA extracellular / intracellular adenosine and 5"-NC / adenosine and thereby adequate metabolism of immunocompetent cells.	Adenosine	195-204	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	139-142
27320922-0	2016	Sustained Elevated Adenosine via ADORA2B Promotes Chronic Pain through Neuro-immune Interaction.	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	33-40
27119979-0	2016	Exploiting Protein Conformational Change to Optimize Adenosine-Derived Inhibitors of HSP70.	Adenosine	53-62	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	85-90
27119979-3	2016	This study demonstrates that adenosine-derived HSP70 inhibitors potentially bind to the protein with a novel mechanism of action, the stabilization by desolvation of an intramolecular salt-bridge which induces a conformational change in the protein, leading to high affinity ligands.	Adenosine	29-38	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
27119979-4	2016	We also demonstrate that through the application of this mechanism, adenosine-derived HSP70 inhibitors can be optimized in a rational manner.	Adenosine	68-77	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	86-91
27347335-0	2016	Adenosine promotes Foxp3 expression in Treg cells in sepsis model by activating JNK/AP-1 pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	84-88
27347335-14	2016	Adenosine promotes Foxp3 expression in Treg cells during sepsis via JNK/AP-1 pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	72-76
26918693-9	2016	Genetic variability within the ADA gene may influence adenosine concentration and in turn the immune response by lymphocytes in solid tumors.	Adenosine	54-63	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	31-34
1445204-8	1992	Control analyses are reported which show that the fluxes towards intracellular adenine nucleosides are controlled by ecto-5"-nucleotidase in some circumstances and by the nucleoside transporters in others.	Adenosine	79-98	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	117-137
1445204-10	1992	The control patterns of these five fluxes indicate that, in the presence of extracellular adenosine and inosine, the intracellular metabolism of adenine derivatives would be highly dependent on the extracellular and intracellular concentrations of both nucleosides, on the ectoenzymes (5"-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase) and on the transporter.	Adenosine	90-99	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	286-301
1425985-2	1992	Adenosine (0.3-10 microM) produced a concentration-dependent attenuation of the vasodilator response to electrical stimulation of sensory-motor nerves, which is mediated by the sensory neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP).	Adenosine	0-9	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	198-229
1425985-2	1992	Adenosine (0.3-10 microM) produced a concentration-dependent attenuation of the vasodilator response to electrical stimulation of sensory-motor nerves, which is mediated by the sensory neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP).	Adenosine	0-9	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	231-235
1327386-7	1992	Adenosine analogues stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation with a rank order of potency characteristic of an A2-receptor: 5-N-ethyl-carboxamidoadenosine (NECA) greater than adenosine greater than R-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA), 6-N-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) greater than S-PIA.	Adenosine	0-9	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Homo sapiens	192-225
1550832-13	1992	The data show that 5"-nucleotidase activity producing adenosine exists in rat liver mitochondria and a concentration-dependent adenosine output from mitochondria by diffusion or facilitated diffusion is also suggested.	Adenosine	54-63	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	19-34
1550832-13	1992	The data show that 5"-nucleotidase activity producing adenosine exists in rat liver mitochondria and a concentration-dependent adenosine output from mitochondria by diffusion or facilitated diffusion is also suggested.	Adenosine	127-136	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	19-34
1731400-7	1992	Levels of adenosine and 2"-deoxyadenosine, which are the endogenous substrates of ADA, were monitored in the embryo/decidual unit (E/D) by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).	Adenosine	10-19	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	82-85
1822535-15	1991	But, they are consistent with the idea that the adenosine that is important is not released from muscle fibres, but synthesized by 5"-nucleotidase localized to the blood vessels; its activity may decrease proximally along the vascular tree and may vary from one vessel to another depending on the local O2 tension.	Adenosine	48-57	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	131-146
1896456-0	1991	Tat-dependent adenosine-to-inosine modification of wild-type transactivation response RNA.	Adenosine	14-23	tyrosine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	0-3
1896456-10	1991	The specificity and extent of modification of adenosines in TAR is dependent on Tat.	Adenosine	46-56	tyrosine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	80-83
1770988-1	1991	The enzyme 5"-nucleotidase is present in glial and neuronal membranes, and catalyzes the formation of adenosine, which in turn can act as a neuromodulator or neurotransmitter.	Adenosine	102-111	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	11-26
1770988-6	1991	Changes in brain 5"-nucleotidase activity during aging probably reflect the increasing number and size of glial cells, and perhaps also affect synaptic transmission through regulation of adenosine.	Adenosine	187-196	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	17-32
1978240-4	1990	Preincubation of NS20Y cells with dopamine induced homologous desensitization of D1 receptor-coupled adenylyl cyclase activity, decreasing dopamine- but not prostaglandin-, adenosine-, or forskolin-stimulated cAMP production.	Adenosine	173-182	dopamine receptor D1	Mus musculus	81-92
2079098-1	1990	The effects of intravenously infused adenosine (ADO) and its analogues, N6-R(-)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA), 5"-N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine (NECA), on the blood flow to interscapular brown adipose tissue were studied in urethane-anesthetized rats.	Adenosine	37-46	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Rattus norvegicus	72-111
26762617-5	2016	We incubated HuH7 cells with increasing concentrations of adenosine and addressed the effect on HCys level in cell culture supernatant.	Adenosine	58-67	MIR7-3 host gene	Homo sapiens	13-17
26920550-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Conditions of inflammatory tissue distress are associated with high extracellular levels of adenosine, due to increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) degradation upon cellular stress or the release of extracellular ATP upon cell death, which can be degraded to adenosine by membrane-bound ecto-enzymes like CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	104-113	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	318-322
26650818-6	2016	The inhibitory mechanism of MSCs might be contributed by CD73 on MSCs that cooperated with CD39 and CD73 on activated T cells to produce adenosine, resulting in inhibition of T-cell proliferation.	Adenosine	137-146	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	91-95
2152291-5	1990	In addition, important responses to exogenously added adenosine are also induced in the bronchi, urinary bladder, taenia coli, parietal cells of the stomach and renin secretion.	Adenosine	54-63	renin	Rattus norvegicus	161-166
1969938-8	1990	Inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase virtually abolished glutamate-evoked adenosine release, indicating that adenosine was derived from extracellular metabolism of released nucleotide(s).	Adenosine	72-81	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	14-34
1969938-8	1990	Inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase virtually abolished glutamate-evoked adenosine release, indicating that adenosine was derived from extracellular metabolism of released nucleotide(s).	Adenosine	107-116	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	14-34
27617063-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Adenosine, a signaling nucleoside, is controlled in part by the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	83-102
27617063-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Adenosine, a signaling nucleoside, is controlled in part by the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	104-107
2139230-1	1990	The enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) catalyzes the conversion of adenosine and 2"-deoxyadenosine to inosine and 2"-deoxyinosine, respectively.	Adenosine	11-20	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	32-35
2407369-0	1990	Endogenous adenosine restrains renin release in conscious rats.	Adenosine	11-20	renin	Rattus norvegicus	31-36
2407369-1	1990	The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that endogenous adenosine functions to restrain the renin release response to pharmacological and pathophysiological stimuli.	Adenosine	69-78	renin	Rattus norvegicus	105-110
2407369-10	1990	2) Even under basal physiological conditions, endogenous adenosine tonically inhibits renin release.	Adenosine	57-66	renin	Rattus norvegicus	86-91
26454326-7	2016	The reduction of ADA activity probably represented an effect on inflammatory response, especially due to the decreased hydrolysis of extracellular adenosine, might in order to protect against tissue damage and, also, setting a down-regulation on pro-inflammatory cytokines.	Adenosine	147-156	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	17-20
26527068-9	2016	Increased adenosine levels were associated with elevation of IL-6 and IL-17, which are important inflammatory cytokines in pulmonary fibrosis.	Adenosine	10-19	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	70-75
26527068-10	2016	These results demonstrate that extracellular adenosine levels are closely associated with the progression of experimental pulmonary fibrosis and that this signaling pathway may mediate fibrosis by regulating IL-6 and IL-17 production.	Adenosine	45-54	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	217-222
26642367-7	2016	We determined that CD73-generated adenosine induces cortical actin polymerization via adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) induction of a Rho GTPase CDC42-dependent conformational change of the actin-related proteins 2 and 3 (ARP2/3) actin polymerization complex member N-WASP.	Adenosine	34-43	ARP2 actin-related protein 2	Mus musculus	185-215
26642367-7	2016	We determined that CD73-generated adenosine induces cortical actin polymerization via adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) induction of a Rho GTPase CDC42-dependent conformational change of the actin-related proteins 2 and 3 (ARP2/3) actin polymerization complex member N-WASP.	Adenosine	34-43	ARP2 actin-related protein 2	Mus musculus	217-223
26642367-7	2016	We determined that CD73-generated adenosine induces cortical actin polymerization via adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) induction of a Rho GTPase CDC42-dependent conformational change of the actin-related proteins 2 and 3 (ARP2/3) actin polymerization complex member N-WASP.	Adenosine	34-43	WASP like actin nucleation promoting factor	Mus musculus	261-267
2407369-12	1990	4) Endogenous adenosine negatively modulates renin release by a direct effect on juxtaglomerular cells.	Adenosine	14-23	renin	Rattus norvegicus	45-50
33766574-1	2021	This paper aimed to systemically investigate the role of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC transporters) in the detoxification of non-substrate nanoparticles including titanium dioxide (n-TiO2, 5-10 nm) and gold (AuNPs, 3 nm, 15 nm, and 80 nm, named as Au-3, Au-15 and Au-80) in human lung cancer (A549) and human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells.	Adenosine	57-66	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group)	Homo sapiens	98-101
33761054-3	2021	Purinergic signaling is involved in neurodevelopment and controlled by ectonucleotidases, among which in the brain the most abundant are ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (NTPDase1/CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5"NT/CD73), which jointly dephosphorylate ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	278-287	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	206-226
33816275-7	2021	Mechanistically, NRBP2 regulated the activation of the 5"-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase/ mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK/mTOR) signaling pathway.	Adenosine	58-67	nuclear receptor binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	17-22
33816275-7	2021	Mechanistically, NRBP2 regulated the activation of the 5"-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase/ mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK/mTOR) signaling pathway.	Adenosine	58-67	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	145-149
26431833-9	2015	The released ATP was sequentially dephosphorylated through ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase2) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 reactions, with respective generation of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine and their maintenance in the extracellular medium at basal levels.	Adenosine	189-198	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	108-116
26452489-1	2015	Adenosine, through A(2A) receptor (A(2A)R) activation, can act as a metamodulator, controlling the actions of other modulators, as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).	Adenosine	0-9	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	131-164
33778007-6	2021	Methods: Adenosine acts on three adenosine receptors, the adenosine A1 (Adora1), A2a (Adora2a), the A2b (Adora2b) or the adenosine A3 (Adora 3) receptor.	Adenosine	9-18	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	33-70
26452489-1	2015	Adenosine, through A(2A) receptor (A(2A)R) activation, can act as a metamodulator, controlling the actions of other modulators, as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).	Adenosine	0-9	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	166-170
33778007-6	2021	Methods: Adenosine acts on three adenosine receptors, the adenosine A1 (Adora1), A2a (Adora2a), the A2b (Adora2b) or the adenosine A3 (Adora 3) receptor.	Adenosine	9-18	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	72-78
33778007-6	2021	Methods: Adenosine acts on three adenosine receptors, the adenosine A1 (Adora1), A2a (Adora2a), the A2b (Adora2b) or the adenosine A3 (Adora 3) receptor.	Adenosine	9-18	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	86-93
25980546-6	2015	Adenosine increased LPS-induced HIF-1alpha accumulation leading to an increase in HIF-1alpha target genes involved in cell metabolism [glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1)] and pathogens killing [inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS)] but did not induce HIF-1alpha dependent genes related to angiogenesis [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] and inflammation [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)].	Adenosine	0-9	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	301-335
25980546-6	2015	Adenosine increased LPS-induced HIF-1alpha accumulation leading to an increase in HIF-1alpha target genes involved in cell metabolism [glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1)] and pathogens killing [inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS)] but did not induce HIF-1alpha dependent genes related to angiogenesis [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] and inflammation [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)].	Adenosine	0-9	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	337-341
25980546-7	2015	The stimulatory effect of adenosine on HIF-1alpha and its target genes was essentially exerted by activation of A2A through p44/42 and A2B subtypes via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Akt phosphorylation.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	135-138
25980546-9	2015	In conclusion adenosine increases GLUT-1 and iNOS gene expression in a HIF-1alpha-dependent way, through A2A and A2B receptors, suggesting their role in the regulation of microglial cells function following injury.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	113-116
29274390-3	2018	Sequential hydrolysis of extracellular ATP catalyzed by ectonucleotidases (e.g. CD39, CD73) is the main pathway for the generation of adenosine, which in turn activates P1 receptors.	Adenosine	134-143	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	86-90
29745882-3	2018	Therefore, the extracellular purinergic microenvironment is under control of ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 degrading pro-inflammatory adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to anti-inflammatory adenosine as well as adenosine deaminase bound to CD26 deactivating adenosine.	Adenosine	136-145	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	104-108
29745882-3	2018	Therefore, the extracellular purinergic microenvironment is under control of ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 degrading pro-inflammatory adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to anti-inflammatory adenosine as well as adenosine deaminase bound to CD26 deactivating adenosine.	Adenosine	186-195	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	104-108
25998841-6	2015	In cells co-infected with KCNJ5, robust activation of basal and adenosine-activated inward-rectifying current was observed.	Adenosine	64-73	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 5	Homo sapiens	26-31
26330053-9	2015	Extracellular adenosine, which is efficiently generated through the catabolism of ATP via the CD39/CD73 ecto-nucleotidase axis, promotes BBB permeability by signaling through A1 and A2A ARs expressed on BBB cells.	Adenosine	14-23	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	94-98
26008223-4	2015	Ectonucleotidases and adenosine deaminase (ADA) are enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of ATP (and other nucleotides such as ADP, UTP, UDP, AMP) and adenosine, respectively.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	43-46
26009814-12	2015	We conclude that HS resuscitation exerts anti-inflammatory effects that involve panx1, CD39, CD73, and other ectonucleotidases, which produce the adenosine that blocks PMNs by stimulating their A2a receptors.	Adenosine	146-155	pannexin 1	Homo sapiens	80-85
8419549-2	1993	For detection of this site in membranes, it was necessary to remove metabolites with high affinities for this site enzymatically, e.g., adenosine by addition of adenosine deaminase and inosine by addition of nucleoside phosphorylase.	Adenosine	136-145	adenosine deaminase	Bos taurus	161-180
34757653-2	2022	Piezo2, a mechanically gated ion channel that mediates tactile allodynia in neuropathic pain, can be potentiated by a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent signaling pathway that involves the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1 (Epac1).	Adenosine	125-134	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Rattus norvegicus	202-247
34757653-2	2022	Piezo2, a mechanically gated ion channel that mediates tactile allodynia in neuropathic pain, can be potentiated by a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent signaling pathway that involves the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1 (Epac1).	Adenosine	125-134	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Rattus norvegicus	249-254
34757844-3	2022	We observed that activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and p38 MAPK signaling by SVV infection promoted autophagy induction and viral replication; additionally, the SVV-induced autophagy was independent of the ULK1 complex.	Adenosine	28-37	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	78-82
25770019-2	2015	The aim of this study was to assess the expression of CD73 and A2A in immune cells and the effect of activation of A2A by an adenosine analogue on apoptosis in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).	Adenosine	125-134	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	115-118
25997945-2	2015	In response to oxygen level in tissues, adenosine plasma concentration is regulated in particular via its synthesis by CD73 and via its degradation by adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	40-49	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	151-170
34922916-4	2022	Here, CD39 first converts ATP and adenosine diphosphate(ADP) into AMP, after which AMP is dephosphorylated into adenosine by CD73.	Adenosine	112-121	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	125-129
26080435-3	2015	We show that PCA3 controls PRUNE2 levels via a unique regulatory mechanism involving formation of a PRUNE2/PCA3 double-stranded RNA that undergoes adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR)-dependent adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing.	Adenosine	147-156	prostate cancer associated 3	Homo sapiens	13-17
26080435-3	2015	We show that PCA3 controls PRUNE2 levels via a unique regulatory mechanism involving formation of a PRUNE2/PCA3 double-stranded RNA that undergoes adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR)-dependent adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing.	Adenosine	147-156	prune homolog 2 with BCH domain	Homo sapiens	27-33
26080435-3	2015	We show that PCA3 controls PRUNE2 levels via a unique regulatory mechanism involving formation of a PRUNE2/PCA3 double-stranded RNA that undergoes adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR)-dependent adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing.	Adenosine	147-156	prune homolog 2 with BCH domain	Homo sapiens	100-106
34864452-9	2022	Mechanistic investigations reveal that the increased levels of arginase-1 (Arg1) causes the lipid metabolism disorder by regulating nitric oxide synthase-3 (NOS3)-adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase-alpha (AMPKalpha) pathway, resulting in lipid accumulation in hepatocytes.	Adenosine	163-172	arginase 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
34864452-9	2022	Mechanistic investigations reveal that the increased levels of arginase-1 (Arg1) causes the lipid metabolism disorder by regulating nitric oxide synthase-3 (NOS3)-adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase-alpha (AMPKalpha) pathway, resulting in lipid accumulation in hepatocytes.	Adenosine	163-172	arginase 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-79
26080435-3	2015	We show that PCA3 controls PRUNE2 levels via a unique regulatory mechanism involving formation of a PRUNE2/PCA3 double-stranded RNA that undergoes adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR)-dependent adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing.	Adenosine	147-156	prostate cancer associated 3	Homo sapiens	107-111
25765819-0	2015	A2b adenosine signaling represses CIITA transcription via an epigenetic mechanism in vascular smooth muscle cells.	Adenosine	4-13	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	0-3
25765819-4	2015	Here we report that activation of A2b adenosine signaling suppresses CIITA expression in human aortic smooth muscle cells.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	34-37
34735672-1	2022	Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) hydrolyzes adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP).	Adenosine	42-51	phosphodiesterase 10A	Mus musculus	0-21
34735672-1	2022	Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) hydrolyzes adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP).	Adenosine	42-51	phosphodiesterase 10A	Mus musculus	23-29
34961895-2	2022	Damage-associated stimuli, such as hypoxia and mechanical stress, induce the cellular release of ATP and NAD+ and upregulate the expression of the nucleotide-degrading purinergic ectoenzyme cascade, including adenosine-generating CD73.	Adenosine	209-218	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	230-234
34961895-5	2022	Multi-colour immunoblotting with an anti-etheno-adenosine antibody showed ARTC1-mediated transfer of ADP-ribose together with the etheno label to CD73.	Adenosine	48-57	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	146-150
34961895-6	2022	HPLC analysis of the enzymatic activity of in vitro-ribosylated CD73 revealed strong inhibition of adenosine generation in comparison to non-ribosylated CD73.	Adenosine	99-108	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	64-68
34961895-9	2022	Our study identifies human CD73 as target for ARTC1-mediated mono-ADP-ribosylation, which can profoundly modulate its adenosine-generating activity.	Adenosine	118-127	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	27-31
34948316-4	2021	Adenosine is produced starting from the highly immunostimulatory ATP, which is progressively hydrolyzed to ADP and adenosine by CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	137-141
34948316-4	2021	Adenosine is produced starting from the highly immunostimulatory ATP, which is progressively hydrolyzed to ADP and adenosine by CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	115-124	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	137-141
34605137-6	2021	Bip-3 and the adenosine-tethered peptide Bip-3-Adc provided IC 50 values of 103 muM and 7.7 muM respectively, suggesting that Bip-3-Adc bivalently inhibited AurA.	Adenosine	14-23	aurora kinase A	Homo sapiens	157-161
34880202-9	2021	SLC26A4-AS1 was related to CYP2E1 reactions, protein export, mitochondrial_ciii_assembly, formation of adenosine triphosphate by chemiosmotic coupling, budding and maturation of HIV virion, cristae formation, biocarta proteasome pathway, endosomal sorting complex required for transport, and histone modification.	Adenosine	103-112	prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens	8-11
34882682-9	2021	Differential editing was detected at the two adenosines in the NEIL1 242 codon in both pig and bowhead NEIL1 mRNAs in various tissues and organs.	Adenosine	45-55	nei like DNA glycosylase 1	Sus scrofa	63-68
34882682-11	2021	In silico analyses revealed conservation of five adenosines in ADAR2, some of which are subject to A-to-I editing in bowheads and pigs, and conservation of a regulatory sequence in GRIA2 mRNA that is responsible for recognition of the ADAR editing enzyme.	Adenosine	49-59	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	63-68
34938782-6	2021	And we found that Grp94 might interact with adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and activate its activity.	Adenosine	44-53	heat shock protein 90, beta (Grp94), member 1	Mus musculus	18-23
34697820-3	2021	CD39 catalyzes the extracellular hydrolysis of nucleoside tri- and diphosphates, mainly adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) and ADP, yielding adenosine monophosphate, which is further hydrolyzed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to produce adenosine.	Adenosine	138-147	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	194-214
34697820-3	2021	CD39 catalyzes the extracellular hydrolysis of nucleoside tri- and diphosphates, mainly adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) and ADP, yielding adenosine monophosphate, which is further hydrolyzed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to produce adenosine.	Adenosine	138-147	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	216-220
34697820-3	2021	CD39 catalyzes the extracellular hydrolysis of nucleoside tri- and diphosphates, mainly adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) and ADP, yielding adenosine monophosphate, which is further hydrolyzed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to produce adenosine.	Adenosine	233-242	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	194-214
34697820-3	2021	CD39 catalyzes the extracellular hydrolysis of nucleoside tri- and diphosphates, mainly adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) and ADP, yielding adenosine monophosphate, which is further hydrolyzed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to produce adenosine.	Adenosine	233-242	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	216-220
34383973-0	2021	Platelet inhibition by P2Y12 antagonists is potentiated by adenosine signalling activators.	Adenosine	59-68	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	23-28
34383973-2	2021	Adenosine signalling in platelets directly affects cyclic nucleotide tone which we have previously shown to have a synergistic relationship with P2Y12 inhibition.	Adenosine	0-9	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	145-150
34383973-11	2021	CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: These results indicate that P2Y12 antagonists have a synergistic relationship with adenosine signalling and that their efficacy may depend partly upon the presence of endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	112-121	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	57-62
34383973-11	2021	CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: These results indicate that P2Y12 antagonists have a synergistic relationship with adenosine signalling and that their efficacy may depend partly upon the presence of endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	207-216	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	57-62
34310895-5	2021	These were accompanied by reduced adenosine deaminase/xanthine oxidase/uric acid (ADA/XO/UA) pathway, lipid peroxidation and augmented NO and Na/K-ATPase in estrogen-progestin OC-treated rats.DPP-4 inhibition attenuated cardiac lipid deposition accompanied by reduced activity in the ADA/XO/UA pathway in estrogen-progestin OC-treated female rats.	Adenosine	34-43	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	192-197
34476674-0	2021	Association Between Adenosine A2A Receptors and Connexin 43 Regulates Hemichannels Activity and ATP Release in Astrocytes Exposed to Amyloid-beta Peptides.	Adenosine	20-29	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	48-59
34476674-2	2021	Abeta can affect astrocytic gliotransmitters release, namely ATP, which is rapidly metabolized into adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase, CD73, resulting in adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) activation that bolsters neurodegeneration.	Adenosine	100-109	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	113-133
34476674-2	2021	Abeta can affect astrocytic gliotransmitters release, namely ATP, which is rapidly metabolized into adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase, CD73, resulting in adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) activation that bolsters neurodegeneration.	Adenosine	100-109	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	135-139
34476674-2	2021	Abeta can affect astrocytic gliotransmitters release, namely ATP, which is rapidly metabolized into adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase, CD73, resulting in adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) activation that bolsters neurodegeneration.	Adenosine	154-163	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	113-133
34476674-2	2021	Abeta can affect astrocytic gliotransmitters release, namely ATP, which is rapidly metabolized into adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase, CD73, resulting in adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) activation that bolsters neurodegeneration.	Adenosine	154-163	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	135-139
34476674-9	2021	Finally, the blockade of CD73-mediated extracellular formation of ATP-derived adenosine prevented the Abeta-induced increase of Cx43 hemichannel activity and of ATP release.	Adenosine	78-87	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	25-29
34476674-9	2021	Finally, the blockade of CD73-mediated extracellular formation of ATP-derived adenosine prevented the Abeta-induced increase of Cx43 hemichannel activity and of ATP release.	Adenosine	78-87	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	128-132
34476674-10	2021	Overall, the data identify a feed-forward loop involving astrocytic A2AR and Cx43 hemichannels, whereby A2AR increase Cx43 hemichannel activity leading to increased ATP release, which is converted into adenosine by CD73, sustaining the increased astrocytic A2AR activity in AD-like conditions.	Adenosine	202-211	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	77-81
34476674-10	2021	Overall, the data identify a feed-forward loop involving astrocytic A2AR and Cx43 hemichannels, whereby A2AR increase Cx43 hemichannel activity leading to increased ATP release, which is converted into adenosine by CD73, sustaining the increased astrocytic A2AR activity in AD-like conditions.	Adenosine	202-211	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	118-122
34476674-10	2021	Overall, the data identify a feed-forward loop involving astrocytic A2AR and Cx43 hemichannels, whereby A2AR increase Cx43 hemichannel activity leading to increased ATP release, which is converted into adenosine by CD73, sustaining the increased astrocytic A2AR activity in AD-like conditions.	Adenosine	202-211	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	215-219
34283374-9	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Based on the studies reviewed, it was found that ticagrelor essentially inhibits adenosine absorption of adenosine into cells through ENT1, which increases the concentration in the blood and subsequently increases the protection of the heart muscle by adenosine.	Adenosine	94-103	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	147-151
34283374-9	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Based on the studies reviewed, it was found that ticagrelor essentially inhibits adenosine absorption of adenosine into cells through ENT1, which increases the concentration in the blood and subsequently increases the protection of the heart muscle by adenosine.	Adenosine	118-127	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	147-151
34283374-9	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Based on the studies reviewed, it was found that ticagrelor essentially inhibits adenosine absorption of adenosine into cells through ENT1, which increases the concentration in the blood and subsequently increases the protection of the heart muscle by adenosine.	Adenosine	265-274	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	147-151
34403084-2	2021	CD73 hydrolyses AMP and is the major control point for the levels of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	83-92	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
34403084-3	2021	Inhibitors of CD73 thus block the immunosuppressive action of adenosine, a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy.	Adenosine	62-71	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	14-18
25728362-14	2015	CONCLUSION: CD39 expressed on Tregs participates in the regulation of limiting allergic airway inflammation by regulating extracellular ATP and/or adenosine.	Adenosine	147-156	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	12-16
25645390-4	2015	The GI mGluR agonist DHPG induced both persistent oscillations in neuronal activity and the release of adenosine in areas CA1 and CA3.	Adenosine	103-112	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	130-133
25911169-9	2015	In intact isolated coronary arteries, adenosine-induced (10 muM) increase in H2O2 formation in both WT and A2BAR KO mice was attenuated by Nox2 inhibition, whereas adenosine failed to increase H2O2 production in A2AAR KO mice.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	107-112
28210690-9	2015	GMaM up-regulated CD39 and CD73, which allows the conversion of adenosine triphosphate into adenosine and coincided with the induction of Foxp3+ (forkhead-box-protein P3 positive) regulatory T cells (Treg) in cocultures of GMaM and naive T cells.	Adenosine	64-73	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	18-22
34846650-0	2022	Exogenous adenosine activates A2A adenosine receptor to inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via AP-1 pathway to facilitate bone repair.	Adenosine	10-19	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	101-105
34846650-0	2022	Exogenous adenosine activates A2A adenosine receptor to inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via AP-1 pathway to facilitate bone repair.	Adenosine	34-43	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	101-105
34846650-1	2022	BACKGROUND: Adenosine is a purine nucleoside involved in regulating bone homeostasis through binding to A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 adenosine receptors (A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R, respectively).	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	122-149
34846650-1	2022	BACKGROUND: Adenosine is a purine nucleoside involved in regulating bone homeostasis through binding to A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 adenosine receptors (A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R, respectively).	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	151-155
34846650-5	2022	Moreover, exogenous adenosine substantially enhanced the expression of A2AR and suppressed tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclast formation and expression of osteoclast-related genes Ctsk, NFATc1, MMP9, and ACP5.	Adenosine	20-29	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	71-75
34846650-5	2022	Moreover, exogenous adenosine substantially enhanced the expression of A2AR and suppressed tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclast formation and expression of osteoclast-related genes Ctsk, NFATc1, MMP9, and ACP5.	Adenosine	20-29	cathepsin K	Mus musculus	200-204
34846650-5	2022	Moreover, exogenous adenosine substantially enhanced the expression of A2AR and suppressed tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclast formation and expression of osteoclast-related genes Ctsk, NFATc1, MMP9, and ACP5.	Adenosine	20-29	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	214-218
34846650-9	2022	CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrated that exogenous adenosine binding to A2AR attenuated osteoclast differentiation via the inhibition of activating protein-1 (AP-1, including Fra2 subunit) pathway both in vitro and in vivo.	Adenosine	56-65	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	77-81
34846650-9	2022	CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrated that exogenous adenosine binding to A2AR attenuated osteoclast differentiation via the inhibition of activating protein-1 (AP-1, including Fra2 subunit) pathway both in vitro and in vivo.	Adenosine	56-65	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	142-162
34846650-9	2022	CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrated that exogenous adenosine binding to A2AR attenuated osteoclast differentiation via the inhibition of activating protein-1 (AP-1, including Fra2 subunit) pathway both in vitro and in vivo.	Adenosine	56-65	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	164-168
25950510-1	2015	Adenosine, an immunomodulatory biomolecule, is produced by the ecto-enzymes CD39 (nucleoside triphosphate dephosphorylase) and CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) by dephosphorylation of extracellular ATP.	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	76-80
25720338-11	2015	Thus, due to the importance of adenosine signaling in the regulation of inflammatory and immune process and the crucial role of ADA in the postischemic homeostase of adenosine as well as during inflammatory process, we suggest that ADA1 inhibitors may play an important role in the regulation of events that follow the HI insult, favoring the increase in the adenosine in the sites of tissue injury.	Adenosine	166-175	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	128-131
25720338-11	2015	Thus, due to the importance of adenosine signaling in the regulation of inflammatory and immune process and the crucial role of ADA in the postischemic homeostase of adenosine as well as during inflammatory process, we suggest that ADA1 inhibitors may play an important role in the regulation of events that follow the HI insult, favoring the increase in the adenosine in the sites of tissue injury.	Adenosine	166-175	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	128-131
34896810-8	2021	Moreover, the field monitoring showed that MGP correlates well with the concentrations of biodegradable biopolymeric OC and with microbial biomass measured as ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and cell counts, but not with the total high-MW OC concentration in the treated water.	Adenosine	164-173	matrix Gla protein	Homo sapiens	43-46
34809621-10	2021	RESULTS: Our results revealed that IGF2BP2 serves as a reader for m6A modified UCA1 and that adenosine at 1038 of UCA1 is critical to the recognition by IGF2BP2.	Adenosine	93-102	urothelial cancer associated 1	Homo sapiens	114-118
25836920-3	2015	Recent studies have shown that adenosine (A) involves Cx43 turnover in A1 receptor-dependent manner, and dipyridamole increases GJ coupling and amount of Cx43 in endothelial cells.	Adenosine	31-40	gap junction protein alpha 1	Sus scrofa	54-58
25644539-10	2015	Through several lines of evidence, we next documented that adenosine stimulated the mineralization of VICs through a cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) pathway, and found that CREB positively regulated the expression of NPP1 in a positive feedback loop by physically interacting with the promoter.	Adenosine	59-68	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	184-188
34813840-8	2022	The stimulation of adenosine A2AR exacerbated memory impairment with more serious neuropathological damage, attenuated long-term potentiation (LTP), syntaxin down-regulation, and increased BDNF protein.	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	29-33
34388251-1	2021	Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing and the catalyzing enzyme adenosine deaminase are both essential for hematopoietic development and differentiation.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	68-87
25803104-4	2015	It is now believed that a defect in P-type adenosine triphosphatase (ATP7B), the gene encoding the copper transporting P-type ATPase, is responsible for hepatic copper accumulation.	Adenosine	43-52	ATPase copper transporting beta	Homo sapiens	69-74
25521724-4	2015	Interestingly, after the addition of ADA, adenosine is hydrolyzed to inosine, and the released aptamer forms double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) with its complementary single-stranded DNAc, followed by the intercalation of picagreen to dsDNA.	Adenosine	42-51	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	37-40
34869367-4	2021	Using an in vitro transformation model dependent on simian virus 40 (SV40) small t (ST) antigen for cellular survival and proliferation in matrix-deprived conditions, we demonstrate that 5"-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity is elevated and sustained under matrix-deprived conditions in ST-expressing fibroblasts.	Adenosine	190-199	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	240-244
25418634-7	2015	CD8+ SFMCs had a lower ability to produce adenosine from etheno-AMP compared to CD8+ PBMCs.	Adenosine	42-51	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	0-3
34689556-3	2021	To mimic pathological pyroptotic cells, J774A.1 macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus nigericin (Nig) or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to form specific gasdermin D protein-driven membrane pores at an N-terminal domain (GSDMDNterm).	Adenosine	130-139	gasdermin D	Homo sapiens	176-187
24896148-5	2015	The reduced ADA activity associated to rs73598374-A variant predisposes those carriers to display higher levels of adenosine compared to G/G carriers.	Adenosine	115-124	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	12-15
25487811-0	2015	Inhibition of CREB phosphorylation by conjugates of adenosine analogues and arginine-rich peptides, inhibitors of PKA catalytic subunit.	Adenosine	52-61	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
34544837-1	2021	Stimulatory coupling of dopamine D1 (D1R) and adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) to adenylyl cyclase within the striatum is mediated through a specific Galphaolfbeta2gamma7 heterotrimer to ultimately modulate motor behaviors.	Adenosine	46-55	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	56-69
34544837-1	2021	Stimulatory coupling of dopamine D1 (D1R) and adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) to adenylyl cyclase within the striatum is mediated through a specific Galphaolfbeta2gamma7 heterotrimer to ultimately modulate motor behaviors.	Adenosine	46-55	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	71-75
34482286-0	2021	A novel antagonistic CD73 antibody for inhibition of the immunosuppressive adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	75-84	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	21-25
34482286-3	2021	CD73 is a key enzyme involved in adenosine production.	Adenosine	33-42	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
34482286-5	2021	mAb19 potently inhibits the enzymatic activity of CD73 in vitro, resulting in an inhibition of adenosine formation and enhanced T cell activation.	Adenosine	95-104	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	50-54
34481229-5	2021	SC proliferation-inhibiting effect of metformin exposure was regulated by decreasing adenosine triphosphate level and respiratory enzyme activity in the mitochondria; this process was possibly mediated by the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, which was regulated by the down-expressed miR-1764 and by the decreased antioxidant enzyme activity and excessive reactive oxygen species generation.	Adenosine	85-94	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	209-257
34481229-5	2021	SC proliferation-inhibiting effect of metformin exposure was regulated by decreasing adenosine triphosphate level and respiratory enzyme activity in the mitochondria; this process was possibly mediated by the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, which was regulated by the down-expressed miR-1764 and by the decreased antioxidant enzyme activity and excessive reactive oxygen species generation.	Adenosine	85-94	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	259-263
25293641-0	2015	Adenosine reagent-free detection by co-immobilization of adenosine deaminase and phenol red on an optical biostrip.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	57-76
25293641-3	2015	Adenosine can be determined enzymatically using either S-adenosyl-homocysteine hydrolase and (3) [H]-adenosine, or adenosine kinase combined with GTP and luciferase, or an amperometric biosensor carrying adenosine deaminase (ADA), purine nucleoside phosphorylase, and xanthine oxidase.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	204-223
25293641-3	2015	Adenosine can be determined enzymatically using either S-adenosyl-homocysteine hydrolase and (3) [H]-adenosine, or adenosine kinase combined with GTP and luciferase, or an amperometric biosensor carrying adenosine deaminase (ADA), purine nucleoside phosphorylase, and xanthine oxidase.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	225-228
25691808-5	2015	Reduction of endogenous ADO formation might explain why proliferation of CD4(+) T cells failed upon blocking A2A receptors activation with ZM241385 or adenosine deaminase in EAMG animals.	Adenosine	24-27	Cd4 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
34642093-1	2021	ADAR1 edits adenosines to inosines in cellular double-stranded (ds)RNA, thereby preventing aberrant activation of antiviral dsRNA sensors, as well as interferon (IFN) induction in Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome (AGS) encephalopathy.	Adenosine	12-22	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	0-5
25691808-5	2015	Reduction of endogenous ADO formation might explain why proliferation of CD4(+) T cells failed upon blocking A2A receptors activation with ZM241385 or adenosine deaminase in EAMG animals.	Adenosine	24-27	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	151-170
26219711-5	2015	Recent findings also implicate TNAP in the metabolism of ATP, in the production of adenosine and in the dephosphorylation of the bacterial toxin lipopolysaccharide, all molecules known to be involved in inflammation.	Adenosine	83-92	alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney	Mus musculus	31-35
34841171-2	2021	Synthetic sesquiterpene derivatives were investigated to identify novel AMPK activators as anti-diabetic drugs because the leading drugs like metformin and thiazolidinediones (TZDs) activate AMPK by inhibiting the synthesis of adenosine 5"-triphosphate and thus are associated with some side effects.	Adenosine	227-236	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	72-76
34841171-2	2021	Synthetic sesquiterpene derivatives were investigated to identify novel AMPK activators as anti-diabetic drugs because the leading drugs like metformin and thiazolidinediones (TZDs) activate AMPK by inhibiting the synthesis of adenosine 5"-triphosphate and thus are associated with some side effects.	Adenosine	227-236	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	191-195
26219711-6	2015	The role of TNAP in establishing the ATP/adenosine ratio is important for purinergic signaling, and these mechanisms could be significant in determining axonal growth in the brain.	Adenosine	41-50	alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney	Mus musculus	12-16
26219715-1	2015	Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) may be involved in the synthesis of GABA and adenosine, which are the main inhibitory neurotransmitters in cortex.	Adenosine	93-102	alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney	Mus musculus	0-40
26219715-1	2015	Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) may be involved in the synthesis of GABA and adenosine, which are the main inhibitory neurotransmitters in cortex.	Adenosine	93-102	alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney	Mus musculus	42-46
34685740-1	2021	Liver kinase B (LKB1) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are two major kinases that regulate cellular metabolism by acting as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) sensors.	Adenosine	26-35	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	82-86
34685740-1	2021	Liver kinase B (LKB1) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are two major kinases that regulate cellular metabolism by acting as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) sensors.	Adenosine	157-166	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	82-86
25457840-4	2014	This protective effect is limited due to rapid cellular re-uptake of adenosine by equilibrative nucleotside transporter-1 (ENT1) or break down by adenosine kinase (AK), the key enzyme in adenosine clearance pathway.	Adenosine	69-78	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	82-121
25457840-4	2014	This protective effect is limited due to rapid cellular re-uptake of adenosine by equilibrative nucleotside transporter-1 (ENT1) or break down by adenosine kinase (AK), the key enzyme in adenosine clearance pathway.	Adenosine	69-78	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	123-127
25232008-6	2014	We conclude that adenosine-stimulated exocytosis requires PKC- and ADAM17-dependent EGFR transactivation and that the function of ADAM17 in this pathway depends on the phosphorylation state of Ser-811 in its cytoplasmic domain.	Adenosine	17-26	epidermal growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
34650224-4	2021	In conjunction with CD39, CD73 expression enables expanded Tregs to convert ATP to immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	101-110	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	26-30
25505610-0	2014	Involvement of S1P1 receptor pathway in angiogenic effects of a novel adenosine-like nucleic acid analog COA-Cl in cultured human vascular endothelial cells.	Adenosine	70-79	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens	15-19
24558171-7	2014	Glycometabolism pathways network which was constructed by 4 glycometabolism pathways showed that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, H+transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex ATP5B, ATP5C1, ATP5D, and ATP5G1 had high degree related to ATP metabolism.	Adenosine	97-106	ATP synthase F1 subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	184-190
34581430-11	2021	The adenosine concentration increased, and the rate of MACE was significantly lower in the VASP-guided group (10 (5.3%) vs. 20 (10.8%), hazard ratio 2.38, 95% confidence interval 1.21-3.28, p = 0.007).	Adenosine	4-13	vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein	Homo sapiens	91-95
34625545-0	2021	CD73-mediated adenosine production by CD8 T cell-derived extracellular vesicles constitutes an intrinsic mechanism of immune suppression.	Adenosine	14-23	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
34625545-2	2021	The stepwise hydrolysis of extracellular ATP by ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 generates adenosine, a potent immune suppressor.	Adenosine	90-99	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	75-79
34625545-3	2021	Here we report that human effector CD8 T cells contribute to adenosine production by releasing CD73-containing extracellular vesicles upon activation.	Adenosine	61-70	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	95-99
34101933-4	2021	The expression of GRK2 and exchange protein directly activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate 1 (Epac1) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of lumbar 4-6 was detected via immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry, and the transfection of the GRK2 gene was detected by immunofluorescence.	Adenosine	73-82	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	18-22
34101933-4	2021	The expression of GRK2 and exchange protein directly activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate 1 (Epac1) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of lumbar 4-6 was detected via immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry, and the transfection of the GRK2 gene was detected by immunofluorescence.	Adenosine	73-82	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Rattus norvegicus	100-105
25465132-1	2014	BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder, caused by defects in copper-transporting P-type adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) encoded by the ATP7B gene, resulting in the deposition of copper in the liver and brain with significant disability or death if left untreated.	Adenosine	131-140	ATPase copper transporting beta	Homo sapiens	180-185
24755889-3	2014	We have previously shown that mice lacking ENT1 (ENT1 KO) have reduced adenosine levels in the striatum and drink more alcohol compared with wild types (WT).	Adenosine	71-80	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	43-47
24755889-3	2014	We have previously shown that mice lacking ENT1 (ENT1 KO) have reduced adenosine levels in the striatum and drink more alcohol compared with wild types (WT).	Adenosine	71-80	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	49-53
34553421-2	2021	The 5-HT2C R is the only G-protein-coupled receptor known to undergo post-transcriptional adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) editing by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR).	Adenosine	90-99	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C	Mus musculus	4-10
34553421-2	2021	The 5-HT2C R is the only G-protein-coupled receptor known to undergo post-transcriptional adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) editing by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR).	Adenosine	90-99	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	131-164
34553421-2	2021	The 5-HT2C R is the only G-protein-coupled receptor known to undergo post-transcriptional adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) editing by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR).	Adenosine	90-99	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	166-170
34089473-2	2021	The enzymes CD39 and CD73 produce adenosine in the extracellular milieu that has a very important role in tumor development.	Adenosine	34-43	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	21-25
24595664-16	2014	We conclude that (a) A1AR is unnecessary for LAD2 degranulation or AR enhancement; (b) A2A, A2B, and A3 ARs all contribute to pharmacologic AR enhancement of LAD2 and BMMC degranulation; and (c) LAD2 cells depend on microenvironmental adenosine to trigger AR modulation.	Adenosine	235-244	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	87-90
34558237-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on urodynamics of neurogenic bladder and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide(PACAP)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A(PKA) signaling pathway in detrusor tissue of rats after suprasacral spinal cord injury (SCI), so as to explore its possible mechanism in improving detrusor hyperreflexia bladder function after shock stage of suprasacral SCI.	Adenosine	162-171	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	148-153
34685508-8	2021	Finally, Ex-4 pretreatment stimulated hippocampal expression of phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (p-CREB), a known target of GLP-1/GLP-1R signaling.	Adenosine	86-95	glucagon	Mus musculus	178-183
34575580-6	2021	Their enzymatic properties result in the generation of AMP, which is further degraded by CD73 to adenosine, an anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet reagent.	Adenosine	97-106	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	89-93
34525334-2	2021	In this issue of Immunity, three studies report that mutations in the Zalpha-RNA binding domain of the adenosine deaminase ADAR1 are sufficient to induce autoinflammatory disease in mice, which models human Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome, highlighting the important role of Z-RNA editing in limiting innate immune recognition of endogenous RNA.	Adenosine	103-112	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	123-128
34525337-0	2021	Adenosine-to-inosine editing of endogenous Z-form RNA by the deaminase ADAR1 prevents spontaneous MAVS-dependent type I interferon responses.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	71-76
34525337-2	2021	Here, we studied the biological function(s) of Z-RNA recognition by the adenosine deaminase ADAR1, mutations in which cause Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome.	Adenosine	72-81	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	92-97
34525337-6	2021	Adenosine-to-inosine changes were enriched in transposable elements and revealed a specific requirement of ADAR1"s Zalpha domain in editing of a subset of RNAs.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	107-112
34525338-0	2021	Mutations in the adenosine deaminase ADAR1 that prevent endogenous Z-RNA binding induce Aicardi-Goutieres-syndrome-like encephalopathy.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	37-42
34525338-1	2021	Mutations in the adenosine-to-inosine RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 p150, including point mutations in the Z-RNA recognition domain Zalpha, are associated with Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome (AGS).	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	57-62
34525338-1	2021	Mutations in the adenosine-to-inosine RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 p150, including point mutations in the Z-RNA recognition domain Zalpha, are associated with Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome (AGS).	Adenosine	17-26	dynactin 1	Mus musculus	63-67
34575993-2	2021	Based on mathematical modeling, we hypothesized that FSCPX blunted the cardiac interstitial adenosine accumulation in response to nucleoside transport blockade, probably by inhibiting CD39 and/or CD73, which are the two main enzymes of the interstitial adenosine production in the heart.	Adenosine	253-262	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	196-200
34496892-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an inflammatory condition, and excessive adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released into the extracellular space, which can be catabolized into adenosine by CD73.	Adenosine	81-90	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	195-199
34496892-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an inflammatory condition, and excessive adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released into the extracellular space, which can be catabolized into adenosine by CD73.	Adenosine	182-191	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	195-199
34496892-6	2021	Effects of CD73+ hucMSC-EVs on hydrolyzing ATP into adenosine were detected.	Adenosine	52-61	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	11-15
34496892-11	2021	RESULTS: CD73+ hucMSC-EVs reduced concentration of ATP and promoted the level of adenosine.	Adenosine	81-90	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	9-13
34496892-12	2021	In vitro experiments, CD73+ hucMSC-EVs increased macrophages/microglia M2:M1 polarization, activated adenosine 2b receptor (A2bR), and then promoted cAMP/PKA signaling pathway.	Adenosine	101-110	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	22-26
34539333-3	2021	The adenosine level mainly depends on two enzymatic activities: 5"-nucleotidase (5"NT or CD73) that synthesizes adenosine from AMP, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) that converts adenosine into inosine.	Adenosine	4-13	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	64-79
34539333-3	2021	The adenosine level mainly depends on two enzymatic activities: 5"-nucleotidase (5"NT or CD73) that synthesizes adenosine from AMP, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) that converts adenosine into inosine.	Adenosine	4-13	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	89-93
34539333-3	2021	The adenosine level mainly depends on two enzymatic activities: 5"-nucleotidase (5"NT or CD73) that synthesizes adenosine from AMP, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) that converts adenosine into inosine.	Adenosine	112-121	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	64-79
34431799-6	2021	Antibodies against the cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase 1A (Anti-CN1A), an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of adenosine monophosphate into adenosine and phosphate and is abundant in skeletal muscle, has been reported to be present in IBM and could be of crucial significance in the diagnosis of the disease.	Adenosine	133-142	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA	Homo sapiens	58-62
34313915-1	2021	Previous studies suggest that adenosine A1 receptors (A1R) modulate the processing of pain.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	40-52
34313915-1	2021	Previous studies suggest that adenosine A1 receptors (A1R) modulate the processing of pain.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	54-57
34631277-2	2021	Here, we demonstrate that alkylation repair homolog protein 5 (ALKBH5), a major RNA N6-adenosine demethylase, is required for bile acid-induced gastric IM.	Adenosine	87-96	alkB homolog 5, RNA demethylase	Homo sapiens	63-69
34225478-3	2022	Adenosine deaminase 1 (ADA) catabolizes adenosine into inosine and is indispensable for a functional immune system.	Adenosine	40-49	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-21
34225478-3	2022	Adenosine deaminase 1 (ADA) catabolizes adenosine into inosine and is indispensable for a functional immune system.	Adenosine	40-49	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	23-26
34400637-6	2021	Exonucleolysis by Trf5-assisted nuclear exosome and cytoplasmic deadenylases trim the tails to 40 adenosines on average.	Adenosine	98-108	non-canonical poly(A) polymerase TRF5	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	18-22
34181938-6	2021	Both isoforms catalyze the last step of glycolysis generating adenosine triphosphate and pyruvate, however, the precise role(s) of PKM1/2 in naive and primed pluripotency is not well understood.	Adenosine	62-71	pyruvate kinase, muscle	Mus musculus	131-137
34426901-1	2021	The role of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) interactions in the striatal-pallidal GABA neurons was recently discussed in relation to A2AR overexpression and cocaine-induced increases of brain adenosine levels.	Adenosine	248-257	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 5	Homo sapiens	46-92
34426901-1	2021	The role of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) interactions in the striatal-pallidal GABA neurons was recently discussed in relation to A2AR overexpression and cocaine-induced increases of brain adenosine levels.	Adenosine	248-257	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 5	Homo sapiens	94-98
34393793-3	2021	Liver X receptor alpha (LXRalpha) inhibition and adenosine monophosphate-(AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation can enhance control of NASH.	Adenosine	49-58	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	105-109
34442398-13	2021	CONCLUSION: BrCa producing ADO (CD73+ TU) favor the induction of Tr1, which expresses CD39 and CD73, hydrolyzes ATP to ADO, and effectively suppresses anti-tumor immunity.	Adenosine	119-122	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	32-36
34442398-13	2021	CONCLUSION: BrCa producing ADO (CD73+ TU) favor the induction of Tr1, which expresses CD39 and CD73, hydrolyzes ATP to ADO, and effectively suppresses anti-tumor immunity.	Adenosine	119-122	taste 1 receptor member 1	Homo sapiens	65-68
34394047-7	2021	Furthermore, we found that Brucella Omp25 promoted cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS) degradation via the proteasome-dependent pathway, resulting in a decreased cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate production and downstream signaling activation upon DNA virus infection or IFN-stimulatory DNA stimulation.	Adenosine	82-91	synaptojanin 2 binding protein	Homo sapiens	36-41
34394047-7	2021	Furthermore, we found that Brucella Omp25 promoted cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS) degradation via the proteasome-dependent pathway, resulting in a decreased cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate production and downstream signaling activation upon DNA virus infection or IFN-stimulatory DNA stimulation.	Adenosine	228-237	synaptojanin 2 binding protein	Homo sapiens	36-41
34315403-15	2021	Furthermore, the expression of adenylyl cyclase 1 (AC1)/ protein kinase A (PKA)/ phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (pCREB) pathway was depressed by OT and restored by L368,899.	Adenosine	107-116	adenylate cyclase 1	Mus musculus	31-49
34437114-1	2021	Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates metabolism in response to the cellular energy states.	Adenosine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	56-60
34437114-3	2021	At low AMP:ATP (adenosine triphosphate) ratios, ATP inhibits AMPK by increasing AL dynamics and accessibility.	Adenosine	16-25	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	61-65
34291079-0	2021	Extracellular Adenosine Diphosphate Stimulates CXCL10-Mediated Mast Cell Infiltration Through P2Y1 Receptor to Aggravate Airway Inflammation in Asthmatic Mice.	Adenosine	14-23	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10	Mus musculus	47-53
34187514-4	2021	RESULTS: We show that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a conserved energy biosensor, is strongly activated in RGC from mice with ocular hypertension and patients with primary open angle glaucoma.	Adenosine	22-31	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	72-76
34117615-6	2021	Adenosine-stressed global circumferential strain (CS) and global longitudinal strain (LS) values were compared with global MFR values.	Adenosine	0-9	citrate synthase	Homo sapiens	50-52
34177939-12	2021	CD39+CD8+ T cells expressed high levels of the A2A adenosine receptor and were more sensitive to 2-chloroadenosine-mediated functional inhibition than their CD39- counterparts.	Adenosine	51-60	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Sus scrofa	0-4
34177939-13	2021	In vitro, a combination of blocking CD39/adenosine and PD-1 signaling showed a synergic effect in restoring CD8+ T-cell function, as evidenced by enhanced abilities to secrete functional cytokines and to kill autologous reservoir cells.	Adenosine	41-50	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Sus scrofa	36-40
34168980-8	2021	Pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA stability assays (involving actinomycin D) showed that DUXAP9 was methylated at N6-adenosine and binds to IGF2BP2, which increases its stability.	Adenosine	126-135	double homeobox A pseudogene 9	Homo sapiens	98-104
34101732-8	2021	Using pharmacological approach and genetically modified animals, we determined that NECA effects on TGFbeta pathway occur via A2A/A2B adenosine receptor-AC-PKA dependent manner.	Adenosine	134-143	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	100-107
34101732-10	2021	Our data suggest a novel mechanism of interaction between adenosine and TGFbeta signaling pathways that can impact phenotype of fibroblasts in a tumor microenvironment.	Adenosine	58-67	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	72-79
33891683-7	2021	Finally, pharmacologic studies using treatment with recombinant netrin-1 revealed a functional role for purinergic signaling events through the myeloid adenosine A2b receptor in mediating netrin-1-elicited cardioprotection.	Adenosine	152-161	netrin 1	Mus musculus	64-72
33891683-7	2021	Finally, pharmacologic studies using treatment with recombinant netrin-1 revealed a functional role for purinergic signaling events through the myeloid adenosine A2b receptor in mediating netrin-1-elicited cardioprotection.	Adenosine	152-161	netrin 1	Mus musculus	188-196
33891683-8	2021	These findings suggest an autocrine signaling loop with a functional role for neutrophil-derived netrin-1 in attenuating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through myeloid adenosine A2b signaling.	Adenosine	176-185	netrin 1	Mus musculus	97-105
34150849-7	2021	Specialized RNA-binding proteins, including adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR1-p150), with an affinity toward inverted repeat Alus, and Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (Tudor-SN) are specifically recruited to SGs under OS along with an RNA transport protein, Staufen1 (STAU1), but their precise biochemical roles in SGs and SG/P-body docking are uncertain.	Adenosine	44-53	chromatin assembly factor 1 subunit A	Homo sapiens	85-89
34073488-2	2021	Adenosine plays a significant role in protection against cellular damage by activating four subtypes of adenosine receptors (ARs), A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR, and A3AR.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	131-135
34073488-2	2021	Adenosine plays a significant role in protection against cellular damage by activating four subtypes of adenosine receptors (ARs), A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR, and A3AR.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	137-142
35618039-1	2022	Pharmacological inhibition of adenosine kinase (ADK), the major route of myocardial adenosine metabolism, can elicit acute cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) by increasing adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	84-93	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	30-46
35618039-1	2022	Pharmacological inhibition of adenosine kinase (ADK), the major route of myocardial adenosine metabolism, can elicit acute cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) by increasing adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	84-93	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	48-51
35618039-1	2022	Pharmacological inhibition of adenosine kinase (ADK), the major route of myocardial adenosine metabolism, can elicit acute cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) by increasing adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	188-197	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	30-46
35618039-1	2022	Pharmacological inhibition of adenosine kinase (ADK), the major route of myocardial adenosine metabolism, can elicit acute cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) by increasing adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	188-197	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	48-51
35491322-1	2022	INTRODUCTION: Inactivation of SMARCA4/BRG1 (Brahma-related gene 1), a member of the switch/sucrose nonfermentable subfamily of adenosine triphosphate-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, has been demonstrated in a subset of non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs).	Adenosine	127-136	SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4	Homo sapiens	30-37
35491322-1	2022	INTRODUCTION: Inactivation of SMARCA4/BRG1 (Brahma-related gene 1), a member of the switch/sucrose nonfermentable subfamily of adenosine triphosphate-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, has been demonstrated in a subset of non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs).	Adenosine	127-136	SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4	Homo sapiens	38-42
35622909-1	2022	The nonstructural protein 3 (NSP3) macrodomain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Mac1) removes adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribosylation posttranslational modifications, playing a key role in the immune evasion capabilities of the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.	Adenosine	126-135	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	29-33
35621874-6	2022	3",5"-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and its downstream effector cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) act locally within the SERCA2a microdomain to regulate the phosphorylation state of the small regulatory protein phospholamban (PLN), which forms a complex with SERCA2a.	Adenosine	13-22	phospholamban	Homo sapiens	236-239
35597366-11	2022	Interestingly, the interactions of adenosine receptors (A2AAR, A1AR) with CYP450-epoxygenases, omega-hydroxylases, sEH, and their derived metabolites or oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs or oxylipins) is shown in the regulation of the cardiovascular functions.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	56-61
35597366-11	2022	Interestingly, the interactions of adenosine receptors (A2AAR, A1AR) with CYP450-epoxygenases, omega-hydroxylases, sEH, and their derived metabolites or oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs or oxylipins) is shown in the regulation of the cardiovascular functions.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	63-67
35597366-12	2022	In addition, much evidence demonstrates polymorphisms in CYP450-epoxygenases, omega-hydroxylases, and sEH genes (Ephx2) and adenosine receptor genes (ADORA1 & ADORA2) in the human population with the susceptibility to CVDs, including hypertension.	Adenosine	124-133	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	150-156
35620732-2	2022	CD73, a cell-surface protein, acts as a switch of the adenosine-related signaling pathway that can cause significant immunosuppression.	Adenosine	54-63	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
35278645-7	2022	GCs and the activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/PKA signaling pathway facilitated yes-associated protein (YAP) phosphorylation in mouse CMs and promoted YAP protein translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.	Adenosine	37-46	yes-associated protein 1	Mus musculus	102-124
35278645-7	2022	GCs and the activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/PKA signaling pathway facilitated yes-associated protein (YAP) phosphorylation in mouse CMs and promoted YAP protein translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.	Adenosine	37-46	yes-associated protein 1	Mus musculus	126-129
35278645-7	2022	GCs and the activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/PKA signaling pathway facilitated yes-associated protein (YAP) phosphorylation in mouse CMs and promoted YAP protein translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.	Adenosine	37-46	yes-associated protein 1	Mus musculus	173-176
35543239-0	2022	Prediction of binding affinity of 1,2-diphenyline ketone analogues at adenosine triphosphate binding site of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta: a molecular docking and dynamic simulation study.	Adenosine	70-79	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	109-139
35543239-5	2022	The aim of our study was to predict the molecular interaction and dynamic behaviour of naturally occurring 1,2-diphenyline ketone analogues at the adenosine triphosphate binding site of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta through simulation studies.	Adenosine	147-156	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	186-222
35508221-2	2022	However, the immune-stimulating ATP may be rapidly degraded into immunosuppressive adenosine by highly expressed CD39 and CD73 in the tumor microenvironment, which leads to immune escape.	Adenosine	83-92	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	122-126
35563517-0	2022	CD73/Adenosine Pathway Involvement in the Interaction of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Stem Cells and Bone Cells in the Pre-Metastatic Niche.	Adenosine	5-14	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
35343587-2	2022	Histamine receptor type 2, which is expressed in the nucleus accumbens, couple to Galphas/off proteins which elevate cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels and activate protein kinase A. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that H2R activation increased the evoked firing in medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens via protein kinase A-dependent mechanisms.	Adenosine	124-133	histamine receptor H2	Homo sapiens	234-237
35431696-2	2022	Adenosine is a crucial signaling molecule recognized by four distinct G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) (i.e., A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R) and protects cells against pathological conditions.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	118-122
35431696-7	2022	Our findings indicate that adenosine protection requires a dual blockade of A1R and activation of A2AR to work at its full potential, and the A2B and A3 adenosine receptor antagonists increased paraquat-induced oxidative damage.	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	98-102
35436416-4	2022	As a low-affinity receptor, adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR) requires high concentrations of adenosine to be significantly activated in pathological conditions.	Adenosine	91-100	adenosine A2B receptor	Rattus norvegicus	28-50
35441574-4	2022	RNA pulldown and m6A-specific immunoprecipitation assays were used to detect the interaction between LINC01833 and methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit (METTL3).	Adenosine	139-148	methyltransferase like 3	Mus musculus	194-200
35365613-5	2022	Using our pDC-MM coculture models, we found that blockade of CD73 with anti-CD73 Abs: decreases adenosine levels; activates MM patient pDCs; triggers cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) activity against autologous patient MM cells.	Adenosine	96-105	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	61-65
35365613-5	2022	Using our pDC-MM coculture models, we found that blockade of CD73 with anti-CD73 Abs: decreases adenosine levels; activates MM patient pDCs; triggers cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) activity against autologous patient MM cells.	Adenosine	96-105	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	76-80
35218567-7	2022	We showed that HASC-P10 and P100 were able to intrinsically produce ATP, which was further converted to adenosine by 5"-nucleotidase (CD73) and ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39).	Adenosine	104-113	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	117-132
35218567-7	2022	We showed that HASC-P10 and P100 were able to intrinsically produce ATP, which was further converted to adenosine by 5"-nucleotidase (CD73) and ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39).	Adenosine	104-113	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	134-138
35134563-6	2022	ATP and NADH, derivatives of adenosine, inhibit insulin signaling inside cells by downregulation of activities of AMPK and SIRT1, respectively.	Adenosine	29-38	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	114-118
35325005-2	2022	For example, CD73 works with CD39 to convert highly inflammatory ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	72-81	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	13-17
35091505-10	2022	Furthermore, interactions between adenosine2A receptors and numerous other GPCRs, including D2 dopamine and CB1 cannabinoid receptors, suggest that endogenous adenosine broadly modulates striatal GPCR signaling.	Adenosine	159-168	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	108-111
35408815-6	2022	Dipyridamole significantly reduced cholesterol accumulation in fibroblasts and rescued mitochondrial deficits; the mechanism elicited by dipyridamole relies on activation of the adenosine A2AR subtype subsequent to the increased levels of extracellular adenosine due to the inhibition of ENT1.	Adenosine	178-187	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	288-292
35408815-6	2022	Dipyridamole significantly reduced cholesterol accumulation in fibroblasts and rescued mitochondrial deficits; the mechanism elicited by dipyridamole relies on activation of the adenosine A2AR subtype subsequent to the increased levels of extracellular adenosine due to the inhibition of ENT1.	Adenosine	253-262	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	288-292
35371066-3	2022	One of the described contact dependent suppressive mechanisms regulatory cells have been shown to utilize is through the production of adenosine from extracellular ATP mediated by CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	135-144	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	189-193
35253629-8	2022	These findings indicate that therapeutic targeting of the USP2-E2F4 axis inhibits autophagic machinery essential for zinc homeostasis in cancer progression.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ANOVA: analysis of variance; ATG2A: autophagy related 2A; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; BECN1: beclin 1; BiFC: bimolecular fluorescence complementation; CCND1: cyclin D1; CDK: cyclin dependent kinase; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; CHX: cycloheximide; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; DAPI: 4",6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; E2F4: E2F transcription factor 4; eATP: extracellular adenosine triphosphate; EBSS: Earle"s balanced salt solution; FP: first progression; FRET: fluorescence resonance energy transfer; FUCCI: fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GST: glutathione S-transferase; HA: hemagglutinin; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MDM2: MDM2 proto-oncogene; MKI67/Ki-67: marker of proliferation Ki-67; MT: metallothionein; MT1E: metallothionein 1E; MT1M: metallothionein 1M; MT1X: metallothionein 1X; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethyltriazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide; OS: overall survival; PECAM1/CD31: platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1; PIK3C3: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; qPCR: quantitative PCR; RFP: red fluorescent protein; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; UBXN1: UBX domain protein 1; Ub: ubiquitin; ULK2: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 2; USP14: ubiquitin specific peptidase 14; USP2: ubiquitin specific peptidase 2; USP5: ubiquitin specific peptidase 5; USP7: ubiquitin specific peptidase 7; ZnCl2: zinc chloride.	Adenosine	284-293	E2F transcription factor 4	Homo sapiens	63-67
35269975-6	2022	Deletion of Pcyox1 reduced the platelet/leukocyte aggregates in whole blood, as well as the platelet aggregation, the alpha granules release, and the alphaIIbbeta3 integrin activation in platelet-rich plasma, in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP).	Adenosine	224-233	prenylcysteine oxidase 1	Mus musculus	12-18
35064653-8	2022	However, superfluous ATP is converted into immunosuppressive adenosine through the CD39-CD73-A2AR pathway.	Adenosine	61-70	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	88-92
35222389-0	2022	CD39/CD73 Dysregulation of Adenosine Metabolism Increases Decidual Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity: Implications in Unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion.	Adenosine	27-36	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	5-9
35222389-2	2022	The ATP-adenosine metabolic pathway regulated by CD39/CD73 has recently been recognized to be important in immunosuppression.	Adenosine	8-17	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	54-58
35222389-6	2022	Similarly, inhibition of CD73 on HTR8/SVneo cells decreased the adenosine concentration in the cell culture media, increased the proportion of CD107a+ dNK cells, and decreased the invasion and proliferation capabilities of the HTR8/SVneo cells.	Adenosine	64-73	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	25-29
35222389-8	2022	In summary, reduced numbers of CD39+ and CD73+ cells at the maternal-fetal interface, which may be due to downregulated TGF-beta-mTOR-HIF-1alpha pathway, results in reduced ATP-adenosine metabolism and increased dNK cytotoxicity, and potentially contributes to URSA occurrences.	Adenosine	177-186	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	41-45
35222389-8	2022	In summary, reduced numbers of CD39+ and CD73+ cells at the maternal-fetal interface, which may be due to downregulated TGF-beta-mTOR-HIF-1alpha pathway, results in reduced ATP-adenosine metabolism and increased dNK cytotoxicity, and potentially contributes to URSA occurrences.	Adenosine	177-186	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	120-128
35203528-8	2022	Interestingly, metformin with LPS induced activation of the adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and pharmacological activation of AMPK by AICAR, a known AMPK activator, decreased ROS production, whereas the deletion of AMPK in mice dramatically enhanced ROS production in different types of immune cells.	Adenosine	60-69	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	110-114
35153777-7	2022	Additionally, the activity of 5"-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase a (AMPKalpha) in the lungs from OVA-challenged mice was remarkably lower than control ones, while after metformin treatment, the ratio of p-AMPKalpha to AMPKalpha was upregulated and new blood vessels in the sub-epithelial area as evidenced by CD31 staining were effectively suppressed.	Adenosine	33-42	platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	326-330
35069091-9	2021	Indeed, the enzyme CD73, which converts AMP to ADO, is overexpressed in glioblastoma cells; this upregulation is associated with tumor aggressiveness.	Adenosine	47-50	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	19-23
35069091-10	2021	Because of the crucial activity of CD73 in these cells, extracellular ADO accumulation in the TME contributes to sustaining glioblastoma immune escape while promoting A2-like activation.	Adenosine	70-73	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	35-39
2558222-8	1989	Presumably, this link is the activity of the enzyme 5"-nucleotidase, which is responsible for converting AMP to adenosine, together with the concentration of its substrate, AMP.	Adenosine	112-121	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	52-67
2569506-5	1989	The formation of cAMP in NEP2 is also stimulated by 5"-(N-ethylcarboxamido)adenosine (NECA) more potently than by either adenosine or N6-(L-phenylisopropyl)adenosine (L-PIA), which suggests that this foetal astrocyte expresses adenosine A2 receptors.	Adenosine	75-84	membrane metalloendopeptidase like 1	Homo sapiens	25-29
2732162-12	1989	The enhanced 5"-nucleotidase activity may stimulate adenosine production, which could affect myocardial blood flow.	Adenosine	52-61	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	13-28
2651649-0	1989	Endogenous adenosine restrains renin release during sodium restriction.	Adenosine	11-20	renin	Rattus norvegicus	31-36
2651649-1	1989	The purpose of this study was to determine the role of endogenous adenosine in controlling renin release during both a normal and low sodium diet.	Adenosine	66-75	renin	Rattus norvegicus	91-96
2651649-2	1989	To probe the involvement of endogenous adenosine in the control of renin release, we examined the effects of an adenosine receptor antagonist, 1,3-dipropyl-8-(p-sulfophenyl)xanthine (DPSPX), on renin release in rats fed either a normal or low sodium diet.	Adenosine	39-48	renin	Rattus norvegicus	67-72
2554456-5	1989	The observed changes are explained by the conditions of hypoxia in the infarcted ventricle which lead to the raise in adenosine levels by activating the 5"-nucleotidase and their depression by a very fast metabolism of the same substance.	Adenosine	118-127	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	153-168
20504440-8	1989	Compared to the effects of dopamine and adenosine, the stimulation induced by VIP, a retinal neuropeptide, was found to be much more pronounced.	Adenosine	40-49	VIP peptides	Oryctolagus cuniculus	78-81
2608471-1	1989	Adenosine, inosine and guanosine derivatives were prepared, modified at the C-8 atom with the aid of diamines (1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane and 1,5-diaminopentane).	Adenosine	0-9	homeobox C8	Homo sapiens	76-79
2541427-1	1989	Adenosine metabolism in hypothyrosis has been shown to decrease in thymocytes (5"-nucleotidase activity decreases by 18% and adenosine deaminase activity increases in thymocyte light fractions).	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	79-94
2541427-2	1989	Activation of adenosine synthesis and decay processes (5"-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase activity increase by 65 and 72%, respectively) was found in the spleen of hypothyroid rats.	Adenosine	14-23	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	55-70
3061489-2	1988	ADA catalyzes a key step in purine metabolism converting adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	57-66	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-3
2847750-4	1988	The ability of adenosine to potentiate beta-hexosaminidase release was attenuated to an even greater degree by pertussis toxin.	Adenosine	15-24	O-GlcNAcase	Mus musculus	39-58
2847750-5	1988	A23187-stimulated mediator release was not altered by pertussis toxin, although a modest inhibition of the ability of adenosine to enhance A23187-induced beta-hexosaminidase release was observed in pertussis toxin-treated mast cells.	Adenosine	118-127	O-GlcNAcase	Mus musculus	154-173
3347057-2	1988	8-Phenyl-theophylline, an adenosine antagonist, mimicked all of the actions of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine deaminase	Bos taurus	79-98
3391159-1	1988	Adenosine deaminase from bovine skeletal muscle catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine and ammonia via an ordered Uni-Bi mechanism, if water is not considered as a true second substrate, as deduced from the inhibition pattern products.	Adenosine	88-97	adenosine deaminase	Bos taurus	0-19
3297306-0	1987	Effect of adenosine analogues on protein carboxylmethyltransferase, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, and ribonucleotide reductase activity in murine neuroblastoma cells.	Adenosine	10-19	protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase 1	Mus musculus	33-66
3038272-2	1987	We have previously shown that adenosine analogs depress hippocampal-evoked responses (fEPSPs) in a brain slice preparation, and in the present study, we observed that local pressure ejection of adenosine or R-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) also reduced the fEPSP recorded in situ in a theophylline-reversible manner.	Adenosine	30-39	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Homo sapiens	207-240
3470439-2	1987	The Ki values for each of the adenosine derivatives were calculated from the rate equation for PST.	Adenosine	30-39	sulfotransferase family 1A member 1	Homo sapiens	95-98
3470439-6	1987	These data reveal that there is a rigid structural requirement for binding of the ribose portion of adenosine to both M and P PST that involves the groups on both the 3" and 5" positions.	Adenosine	100-109	sulfotransferase family 1A member 1	Homo sapiens	126-129
3593287-4	1987	Injection of growth hormone into lactating rats decreased slightly the response to adenosine, whereas injection of growth hormone into rats after removal of their litters resulted in a much greater decrease in the response to adenosine, to that found in virgin and pregnant rats.	Adenosine	226-235	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	115-129
3027486-1	1987	Adenosine analogs selective for the A1 subclass of adenosine receptors, such as N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA), inhibit renin secretion in in vitro preparations.	Adenosine	0-9	renin	Rattus norvegicus	118-123
2444066-5	1987	CGRP augmented extravasation induced by histamine, reduced the effect of ATP or adenosine and did not alter extravasation by serotonin, bradykinin or neurotensin.	Adenosine	80-89	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
2954505-5	1987	There is also evidence that adenosine formation takes place intracellularly, predominantly via a cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	28-37	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	107-122
3026695-1	1986	The role of 5"-nucleotidase in the uptake of adenosine from AMP was investigated in lymphocytes from normal subjects and patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia (CVH) and chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL).	Adenosine	45-54	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	12-27
3026695-2	1986	At physiological pH, the Km values for the uptake of adenosine and of adenosine from AMP by intact cells were one order of magnitude higher than the Km values for 5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	53-62	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	163-178
3026695-3	1986	The Vmax values for the hydrolysis of AMP by 5"-nucleotidase were two orders of magnitude greater than for the uptake of adenosine itself or the uptake of adenosine from AMP by normal lymphocytes.	Adenosine	121-130	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	45-60
3015860-1	1986	The effect of an adenosine analogue N6-L-(R-phenylisopropyl)adenosine (R-PIA) on respiration was studied in rabbit pups (1-8 days old).	Adenosine	17-26	ribose-5-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	36-76
3009779-3	1986	Adenosine (10(-6) M) inhibited the actions of histamine (10(-14) M) and gastrin (2.5 X 10(-12) M) by 69 and 67%, respectively, but not that of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (10(-16) M) or carbachol (10(-9) M).	Adenosine	0-9	gastrin	Cavia porcellus	72-79
3962688-7	1986	Ten minutes after adenosine was discontinued, rCBF showed a rebound effect with higher values than initially.	Adenosine	18-27	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
3962688-10	1986	After discontinuation of the adenosine infusion, PtO2 values were higher than those measured at the initial normotension, a similar rebound phenomenon as seen with rCBF.	Adenosine	29-38	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	164-168
3003346-0	1986	Role of 5"-nucleotidase in adenosine-mediated renal vasoconstriction during hypoxia.	Adenosine	27-36	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	8-23
3003346-3	1986	A competitive inhibitor of 5"-nucleotidase, alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine diphosphate (120 microM), inhibited the production of adenosine during hypoxia (perfusate, 0.26 +/- 0.05 microM and renal cortex, 3.1 nmol/g) but did not prevent the decline in cortical tissue ATP and ADP.	Adenosine	64-73	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	27-42
3003346-10	1986	These results indicate that either ecto or endo 5"-nucleotidase controls the renal production of adenosine during an energy deficit and that endogenous adenosine constricts the renal vasculature.	Adenosine	97-106	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	48-63
3562437-5	1986	The 5" noncoding sequences for phospholipase A2 (28 bases) and lipase (34 bases) mRNAs both have an adenosine base three positions preceding the AUG initiation codon but otherwise demonstrate no homology.	Adenosine	100-109	pancreatic lipase related protein 1	Canis lupus familiaris	38-44
2998734-0	1985	Adenosine inhibits prolactin and growth hormone secretion in a clonal pituitary cell line.	Adenosine	0-9	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	33-47
3902813-5	1985	The Km (30 microM) and Ki (4 nM) values using adenosine as substrate and 2"-deoxycoformycin as inhibitor, respectively, were identical for the enzyme derived from the parental cells as well as the adenosine deaminase gene amplification mutants.	Adenosine	46-55	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	197-216
3874340-5	1985	Similar responses were found with adenosine provided ADA was inhibited.	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	53-56
3898016-0	1985	Effects of adenosine on renin release from isolated rat glomeruli and kidney slices.	Adenosine	11-20	renin	Rattus norvegicus	24-29
3898016-1	1985	Adenosine produced by the macula densa cells in response to changes in the tubular NaCl-concentration has been suggested to inhibit renin release in vivo.	Adenosine	0-9	renin	Rattus norvegicus	132-137
3898016-5	1985	Adenosine (10 micrograms/ml) halved basal renin release from incubated KS as compared to controls (P less than 0.001, n = 8, 8).	Adenosine	0-9	renin	Rattus norvegicus	42-47
3898016-8	1985	We conclude that adenosine inhibits renin release in vitro by a mechanism independent of a functioning nephron, and which involves only the JG-cells located in the afferent arteriole at some distance from the glomerulus.	Adenosine	17-26	renin	Rattus norvegicus	36-41
2997103-2	1985	In this procedure, a mixture of AMP and NADP solution is first incubated with 5"-nucleotidase to hydrolyze AMP to adenosine and inorganic phosphate (Pi).	Adenosine	114-123	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	78-93
2983063-1	1985	Previous studies by others have demonstrated that exogenous adenosine inhibits renin secretion in vivo.	Adenosine	60-69	renin	Rattus norvegicus	79-84
2986260-4	1985	Both the magnitude and the variation in the rate of adenosine formation in polymorphonuclear leukocytes undergoing ATP catabolism can be accounted for by the properties of a cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase that is also present in heart.	Adenosine	52-61	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	184-199
2981315-1	1985	Exogenous adenosine inhibits renin secretion and can either vasoconstrict or vasodilate the renal vasculature in vivo.	Adenosine	10-19	renin	Rattus norvegicus	29-34
6602803-6	1983	Because adenosine is highly cytotoxic at 1.1 mM, adenosine deaminase expression is required to detoxify excess adenosine by converting it to inosine.	Adenosine	8-17	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	49-68
6877667-0	1983	Calmodulin antagonists inhibit adenosine uptake by rat brain cortical synaptosomes.	Adenosine	31-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6877667-1	1983	The purpose of these experiments was to determine if the adenosine uptake process in brain synaptosomes is regulated by calmodulin.	Adenosine	57-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
6877667-5	1983	It is therefore concluded that the adenosine uptake process in rat brain synaptosomes is regulated by calmodulin or a calmodulin-like protein.	Adenosine	35-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
6877667-5	1983	It is therefore concluded that the adenosine uptake process in rat brain synaptosomes is regulated by calmodulin or a calmodulin-like protein.	Adenosine	35-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-128
6834814-2	1983	The breakdown of AMP to adenosine is catalyzed by 5"-nucleotidase and this enzyme was inhibited during the ischemic period with either concanavalin A (Con A, 3 mg/kg) or alpha, beta-methyleneadenosine 5"-diphosphate (AMP-CP, 250 microM).	Adenosine	24-33	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Canis lupus familiaris	50-65
6829787-5	1983	This potentiation of slow APs in the presence of mADA or theophylline suggests that endogenous adenosine attenuates the response to isoproterenol in cardiac muscle.	Adenosine	95-104	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	49-53
6132622-9	1983	The GMP and adenosine derivatives were substrates for guanylate kinase and adenosine deaminase, respectively.	Adenosine	12-21	guanylate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	54-70
6186849-0	1983	Modification by islet-activating protein of direct and indirect inhibitory actions of adenosine on rat atrial contraction in relation to cyclic nucleotide metabolism.	Adenosine	86-95	Cd47 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	16-40
6759915-9	1982	The results suggest that adenosine modulates insulin action at a step distal from the insulin receptor, and before, or at, the glucose transport system.	Adenosine	25-34	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	86-102
6976151-5	1981	The relative activities of the alleles were estimated to be: ADA1 100%, ADA2 89%, ADA3 28% and ADA1w 67% with adenosine, and ADA1 100%, ADA2 87%, ADA3 39% and ADA1w 66% with 2"-deoxyadenosine.	Adenosine	110-119	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	61-65
6976151-5	1981	The relative activities of the alleles were estimated to be: ADA1 100%, ADA2 89%, ADA3 28% and ADA1w 67% with adenosine, and ADA1 100%, ADA2 87%, ADA3 39% and ADA1w 66% with 2"-deoxyadenosine.	Adenosine	110-119	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	95-99
6976151-5	1981	The relative activities of the alleles were estimated to be: ADA1 100%, ADA2 89%, ADA3 28% and ADA1w 67% with adenosine, and ADA1 100%, ADA2 87%, ADA3 39% and ADA1w 66% with 2"-deoxyadenosine.	Adenosine	110-119	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	95-99
6976151-5	1981	The relative activities of the alleles were estimated to be: ADA1 100%, ADA2 89%, ADA3 28% and ADA1w 67% with adenosine, and ADA1 100%, ADA2 87%, ADA3 39% and ADA1w 66% with 2"-deoxyadenosine.	Adenosine	110-119	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	95-99
7205943-3	1980	The main evidence was based on 1) the finding that the only requirement for activation of the pump was the presence of ATP, whether incorporated directly or generated by an ATP-yielding reaction; 2) the discriminating effects of various metabolic inhibitors; 3) the competition between the pump and hexokinase reaction for ATP; and 4) the difference in effects of adenosine and inosine in activating the pump in energy-depleted ghosts.	Adenosine	364-373	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8A2	Homo sapiens	323-333
6255990-1	1980	The stereochemical problem involving a pro-pro-prochiral phosphorus center, the hydrolysis of adenosine 5"-monophosphate to adenosine and inorganic phosphate catalyzed by the venom 5"-nucleotidase, has been studied by use of chiral [16O, 17O, 18O]thiophosphates (Psi).	Adenosine	94-103	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	181-196
6108130-7	1980	Although adenosine was a minor component of the nucleoside and base fraction, the adenosine fraction increased from 3 to 13% with the addition of coformycin to the HGPRT(-)-AK- line.	Adenosine	82-91	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	164-169
6108130-8	1980	In the parental and HGPRT- lines, adenosine was shown to be primarily phosphorylated rather than deaminated at concentrations less than 5 microM.	Adenosine	34-43	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
6246950-0	1980	Adenosine transport by a variant of C1300 murine neuroblastoma cells deficient in adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	82-98
6246950-1	1980	The uptake of adenosine by an adenosine kinase deficient variant of C1300 murine neuroblastoma cells has been studied in the absence and in the presence of erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine, a potent adenine deaminase inhibitor.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	30-46
6259314-5	1980	2-Chloroadenosine, which is resistant to the action of adenosine deaminase, was a more potent growth inhibitor, while 3"AMP and 2"-AMP, which are not hydrolyzed to adenosine by membrane 5"-nucleotidase, were ineffective.	Adenosine	8-17	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	55-74
6245642-2	1980	Cell-surface 5"-nucleotidase was assayed by incubating whole-cell suspensions with 5"[3H]-AMP in iso-osmotic buffer and measuring [3H]adenosine production.	Adenosine	134-143	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	13-28
1194267-0	1975	Function of 5"-nucleotidase in the uptake of adenosine from AMP by human lymphocytes.	Adenosine	45-54	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	12-27
1238994-10	1975	The sensitivity of kidney vasculature to adenosine parallelled high plasma renin activity (162 ng ang/ml-h in SR and 76 ng ang/ml-h in HR), elevated renal vascular resistance and low GFR.	Adenosine	41-50	renin	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
1238994-12	1975	Our experiments demonstrated that a marked renal vasoconstriction caused by adenosine only occurs in rats in which renin-angiotensin system was stimulated.	Adenosine	76-85	renin	Rattus norvegicus	115-120
4373712-3	1974	Purified adenosine-labeled poly(A) fragments, excised from genomic viral RNAs by RNase A and T(1) digestion, were hydrolyzed with the 3"-OH specific exoribonuclease for various periods of time.	Adenosine	9-18	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	81-88
4459261-0	1974	An enzyme-immunoassay of antibody specific for adenosine using beta-galactosidase.	Adenosine	47-56	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	63-81
32787598-6	2021	Moreover, the higher lipoprotein(a) group also exhibited significantly higher adenosine diphosphate (ADP) induced platelet aggregation (MAADP) by thrombelastography platelet mapping assay than lower lipoprotein(a) group.	Adenosine	78-87	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	21-35
33639208-7	2021	Consistent with neuronal hyperexcitability, overexpression of PPM1F regulated the expression of certain ion channel genes and induced decreased phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMKII) and Adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in hippocampus.	Adenosine	220-229	protein phosphatase 1F (PP2C domain containing)	Mus musculus	62-67
33464534-2	2021	Since adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) blockade relieves synaptic and motor impairments in Parkinson"s or Machado-Joseph"s diseases, we now tested if A2AR blockade was also effective in attenuating motor deficits in an AS (Ube3am-/p+) mouse model and if this involved correction of synaptic alterations in striatum and cerebellum.	Adenosine	6-15	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	30-34
34057470-0	2021	The structure of the mouse ADAT2/ADAT3 complex reveals the molecular basis for mammalian tRNA wobble adenosine-to-inosine deamination.	Adenosine	101-110	adenosine deaminase, tRNA-specific 2	Mus musculus	27-32
34057470-2	2021	The eukaryotic wobble adenosine-to-inosine modification is catalysed by the ADAT (ADAT2/ADAT3) complex that modifies up to eight tRNAs, requiring a full tRNA for activity.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine deaminase, tRNA-specific 2	Mus musculus	82-87
34059748-6	2021	CTRP9 overexpression enhanced expression of phosphorylated 5"-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) and phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS), and reduced phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (p-ERK1/2) expression in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) of HPH rats.	Adenosine	62-71	C1q and TNF related 9	Homo sapiens	0-5
34022892-12	2021	Furthermore, the interaction between Ac2-26 and FPR2/ALX receptor activated the 5" adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibited the downstream mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).	Adenosine	83-92	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	133-137
34021155-7	2021	This study constitutes an important mechanistic component that links schizophrenia-associated CNNM2 regions to disruption in energy adenosine system modulation and neuronal function by long-distance chromatin domain downregulation of ATP5MD.	Adenosine	132-141	cyclin and CBS domain divalent metal cation transport mediator 2	Homo sapiens	94-99
34019179-1	2021	CD73 converts AMP to adenosine, an immunosuppressive metabolite that promotes tumorigenesis.	Adenosine	21-30	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
33993848-2	2022	AHCY (adenosylhomocysteinase) converts SAH into homocysteine and adenosine.	Adenosine	65-74	acyl-CoA synthetase medium chain family member 3	Homo sapiens	39-42
33993848-7	2022	Our study uncovers a new axis of SAH-AHCYL1-PIK3C3, which senses the intracellular level of SAH to inhibit autophagy in an MTORC1-independent manner.Abbreviations: ADOX: adenosine dialdehyde; AHCY: adenosylhomocysteinase; AHCYL1: adenosylhomocysteinase like 1; cLEU: cycloleucine; PIK3C3: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; SAH: S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine; SAM: S-adenosyl-l-methionine.	Adenosine	170-179	acyl-CoA synthetase medium chain family member 3	Homo sapiens	33-36
33993848-7	2022	Our study uncovers a new axis of SAH-AHCYL1-PIK3C3, which senses the intracellular level of SAH to inhibit autophagy in an MTORC1-independent manner.Abbreviations: ADOX: adenosine dialdehyde; AHCY: adenosylhomocysteinase; AHCYL1: adenosylhomocysteinase like 1; cLEU: cycloleucine; PIK3C3: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; SAH: S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine; SAM: S-adenosyl-l-methionine.	Adenosine	170-179	phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3	Homo sapiens	44-50
33993848-7	2022	Our study uncovers a new axis of SAH-AHCYL1-PIK3C3, which senses the intracellular level of SAH to inhibit autophagy in an MTORC1-independent manner.Abbreviations: ADOX: adenosine dialdehyde; AHCY: adenosylhomocysteinase; AHCYL1: adenosylhomocysteinase like 1; cLEU: cycloleucine; PIK3C3: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; SAH: S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine; SAM: S-adenosyl-l-methionine.	Adenosine	170-179	acyl-CoA synthetase medium chain family member 3	Homo sapiens	92-95
33993848-7	2022	Our study uncovers a new axis of SAH-AHCYL1-PIK3C3, which senses the intracellular level of SAH to inhibit autophagy in an MTORC1-independent manner.Abbreviations: ADOX: adenosine dialdehyde; AHCY: adenosylhomocysteinase; AHCYL1: adenosylhomocysteinase like 1; cLEU: cycloleucine; PIK3C3: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; SAH: S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine; SAM: S-adenosyl-l-methionine.	Adenosine	170-179	phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3	Homo sapiens	281-287
33993848-7	2022	Our study uncovers a new axis of SAH-AHCYL1-PIK3C3, which senses the intracellular level of SAH to inhibit autophagy in an MTORC1-independent manner.Abbreviations: ADOX: adenosine dialdehyde; AHCY: adenosylhomocysteinase; AHCYL1: adenosylhomocysteinase like 1; cLEU: cycloleucine; PIK3C3: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; SAH: S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine; SAM: S-adenosyl-l-methionine.	Adenosine	170-179	phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3	Homo sapiens	289-343
33993848-7	2022	Our study uncovers a new axis of SAH-AHCYL1-PIK3C3, which senses the intracellular level of SAH to inhibit autophagy in an MTORC1-independent manner.Abbreviations: ADOX: adenosine dialdehyde; AHCY: adenosylhomocysteinase; AHCYL1: adenosylhomocysteinase like 1; cLEU: cycloleucine; PIK3C3: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; SAH: S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine; SAM: S-adenosyl-l-methionine.	Adenosine	170-179	acyl-CoA synthetase medium chain family member 3	Homo sapiens	92-95
33831696-1	2021	Valine-containing protein (VCP) is a member of the adenosine triphosphate family involved in a variety of cellular activities.	Adenosine	51-60	valosin containing protein	Homo sapiens	0-25
33831696-1	2021	Valine-containing protein (VCP) is a member of the adenosine triphosphate family involved in a variety of cellular activities.	Adenosine	51-60	valosin containing protein	Homo sapiens	27-30
33909515-1	2021	INTRODUCTION: Hydrolysis of AMP to adenosine and inorganic phosphate is catalyzed by 5 -ectonucleotidase, e5NT, alias CD73, a metalloenzyme incorporating two zinc ions at its active site.	Adenosine	35-44	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	106-110
33909515-1	2021	INTRODUCTION: Hydrolysis of AMP to adenosine and inorganic phosphate is catalyzed by 5 -ectonucleotidase, e5NT, alias CD73, a metalloenzyme incorporating two zinc ions at its active site.	Adenosine	35-44	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	118-122
33909515-6	2021	EXPERT OPINION: : Considerable advances have been reported in the design of nucleotide/nucleoside-based CD73 inhibitors, after the X-ray crystal structure of the enzyme in complex with the non-hydrolyzable ADP analog, adenosine (alpha,beta)-methylene diphosphate (AMPCP), was reported.	Adenosine	218-227	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	104-108
33983932-1	2021	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1), an enzyme responsible for adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, is composed of two isoforms: nuclear p110 and cytoplasmic p150.	Adenosine	71-80	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	0-35
33983932-1	2021	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1), an enzyme responsible for adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, is composed of two isoforms: nuclear p110 and cytoplasmic p150.	Adenosine	71-80	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	37-42
33983932-1	2021	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1), an enzyme responsible for adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, is composed of two isoforms: nuclear p110 and cytoplasmic p150.	Adenosine	71-80	dynactin 1	Mus musculus	163-167
33979693-1	2021	Huntington disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease that is caused by expansion of cytosine/adenosine/guanine repeats in the huntingtin (HTT) gene, which leads to a toxic, aggregation-prone, mutant HTT-polyQ protein.	Adenosine	115-124	huntingtin	Homo sapiens	148-158
33979693-1	2021	Huntington disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease that is caused by expansion of cytosine/adenosine/guanine repeats in the huntingtin (HTT) gene, which leads to a toxic, aggregation-prone, mutant HTT-polyQ protein.	Adenosine	115-124	huntingtin	Homo sapiens	160-163
33742521-5	2021	METTL3, required for addition of 6-methyl-adenosine to mRNA and thus a trigger for CIT, also showed an age-dependent increase blunted by Rapa, ACA, and 17aE2 (in males).	Adenosine	42-51	methyltransferase like 3	Mus musculus	0-6
33333075-1	2021	The initial exploration using pharmacological tools of the role of adenosine receptors in the brain, concluded that adenosine released as such acted on A1R to inhibit excitability and glutamate release from principal neurons throughout the brain and that adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) were striatal-"specific" receptors controlling dopamine D2R.	Adenosine	67-76	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	152-155
33333075-1	2021	The initial exploration using pharmacological tools of the role of adenosine receptors in the brain, concluded that adenosine released as such acted on A1R to inhibit excitability and glutamate release from principal neurons throughout the brain and that adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) were striatal-"specific" receptors controlling dopamine D2R.	Adenosine	116-125	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	152-155
33333075-1	2021	The initial exploration using pharmacological tools of the role of adenosine receptors in the brain, concluded that adenosine released as such acted on A1R to inhibit excitability and glutamate release from principal neurons throughout the brain and that adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) were striatal-"specific" receptors controlling dopamine D2R.	Adenosine	116-125	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	265-278
33333075-1	2021	The initial exploration using pharmacological tools of the role of adenosine receptors in the brain, concluded that adenosine released as such acted on A1R to inhibit excitability and glutamate release from principal neurons throughout the brain and that adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) were striatal-"specific" receptors controlling dopamine D2R.	Adenosine	116-125	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	280-284
33333075-1	2021	The initial exploration using pharmacological tools of the role of adenosine receptors in the brain, concluded that adenosine released as such acted on A1R to inhibit excitability and glutamate release from principal neurons throughout the brain and that adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) were striatal-"specific" receptors controlling dopamine D2R.	Adenosine	116-125	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	152-155
33333075-1	2021	The initial exploration using pharmacological tools of the role of adenosine receptors in the brain, concluded that adenosine released as such acted on A1R to inhibit excitability and glutamate release from principal neurons throughout the brain and that adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) were striatal-"specific" receptors controlling dopamine D2R.	Adenosine	116-125	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	265-278
33333075-1	2021	The initial exploration using pharmacological tools of the role of adenosine receptors in the brain, concluded that adenosine released as such acted on A1R to inhibit excitability and glutamate release from principal neurons throughout the brain and that adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) were striatal-"specific" receptors controlling dopamine D2R.	Adenosine	116-125	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	280-284
33333075-4	2021	Furthermore, transgenic lines with altered metabolic sources of adenosine revealed a coupling of ATP-derived adenosine to activate A2AR and a role of A1R as a hurdle to initiate neurodegeneration.	Adenosine	64-73	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	131-135
33333075-4	2021	Furthermore, transgenic lines with altered metabolic sources of adenosine revealed a coupling of ATP-derived adenosine to activate A2AR and a role of A1R as a hurdle to initiate neurodegeneration.	Adenosine	109-118	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	131-135
33340515-5	2021	Along with the "canonical route" of ATP breakdown to adenosine via sequential ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1/CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 activities, it has now become clear that purine metabolism is the result of concerted effort between ATP release, its metabolism through redundant nucleotide-inactivating and counteracting ATP-regenerating ectoenzymatic pathways, as well as cellular nucleoside uptake and phosphorylation of adenosine to ATP through complex phosphotransfer reactions.	Adenosine	53-62	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	148-168
33340515-5	2021	Along with the "canonical route" of ATP breakdown to adenosine via sequential ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1/CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 activities, it has now become clear that purine metabolism is the result of concerted effort between ATP release, its metabolism through redundant nucleotide-inactivating and counteracting ATP-regenerating ectoenzymatic pathways, as well as cellular nucleoside uptake and phosphorylation of adenosine to ATP through complex phosphotransfer reactions.	Adenosine	53-62	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	169-173
33340515-5	2021	Along with the "canonical route" of ATP breakdown to adenosine via sequential ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1/CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 activities, it has now become clear that purine metabolism is the result of concerted effort between ATP release, its metabolism through redundant nucleotide-inactivating and counteracting ATP-regenerating ectoenzymatic pathways, as well as cellular nucleoside uptake and phosphorylation of adenosine to ATP through complex phosphotransfer reactions.	Adenosine	465-474	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	148-168
33460629-1	2021	CD39 and CD73 control cell immunity by hydrolyzing proinflammatory ATP and ADP (CD39) into AMP, subsequently converted into anti-inflammatory adenosine (CD73).	Adenosine	142-151	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	9-13
33460629-1	2021	CD39 and CD73 control cell immunity by hydrolyzing proinflammatory ATP and ADP (CD39) into AMP, subsequently converted into anti-inflammatory adenosine (CD73).	Adenosine	142-151	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	153-157
33482152-9	2021	The net- resulting phenotype of adenosine derivatives in bone (including the ratio of ATP to Adenosine) is highly dependent on CD39 and CD73 enzymes together with the expression and activity of the specific receptors.	Adenosine	32-41	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	136-140
33482152-9	2021	The net- resulting phenotype of adenosine derivatives in bone (including the ratio of ATP to Adenosine) is highly dependent on CD39 and CD73 enzymes together with the expression and activity of the specific receptors.	Adenosine	93-102	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	136-140
33579783-1	2021	[Abstract:] A recently reported clinical trial yielded positive results for a CD73 inhibitor that reduces production of immunosuppressive adenosine in patients with pancreatic cancer.	Adenosine	138-147	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	78-82
33609609-1	2021	In many tumors, CD73 (NT5E), a rate-limiting enzyme in adenosine biosynthesis, is upregulated by TGF-beta and drives tumor progression.	Adenosine	55-64	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	16-20
33609609-1	2021	In many tumors, CD73 (NT5E), a rate-limiting enzyme in adenosine biosynthesis, is upregulated by TGF-beta and drives tumor progression.	Adenosine	55-64	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	22-26
33609609-1	2021	In many tumors, CD73 (NT5E), a rate-limiting enzyme in adenosine biosynthesis, is upregulated by TGF-beta and drives tumor progression.	Adenosine	55-64	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	97-105
33378686-7	2021	HFD-induced lipotoxic cardiomyopathy and dysfunction of adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin complex (AMPK-mTORC) signaling mediated lipid autophagy in heart were restored by sEH KO.	Adenosine	56-65	epoxide hydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	220-223
33577869-6	2021	The A2AR antagonist SCH5 8261, A2AR agonist 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-50-N-ethylcarboxamido adenosine HCl (CGS21680) and A2AR siRNA were used to confirm the relationship between A2AR and the cAMP/PKA pathway as well as the effects of A2AR on EA-induced improvements in neurobehavioral state and neuronal plasticity.	Adenosine	101-110	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
33577869-6	2021	The A2AR antagonist SCH5 8261, A2AR agonist 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-50-N-ethylcarboxamido adenosine HCl (CGS21680) and A2AR siRNA were used to confirm the relationship between A2AR and the cAMP/PKA pathway as well as the effects of A2AR on EA-induced improvements in neurobehavioral state and neuronal plasticity.	Adenosine	101-110	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
33577869-6	2021	The A2AR antagonist SCH5 8261, A2AR agonist 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-50-N-ethylcarboxamido adenosine HCl (CGS21680) and A2AR siRNA were used to confirm the relationship between A2AR and the cAMP/PKA pathway as well as the effects of A2AR on EA-induced improvements in neurobehavioral state and neuronal plasticity.	Adenosine	101-110	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
33577869-6	2021	The A2AR antagonist SCH5 8261, A2AR agonist 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-50-N-ethylcarboxamido adenosine HCl (CGS21680) and A2AR siRNA were used to confirm the relationship between A2AR and the cAMP/PKA pathway as well as the effects of A2AR on EA-induced improvements in neurobehavioral state and neuronal plasticity.	Adenosine	101-110	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
33913070-2	2021	Neutrophil recruitment and migration to injured tissues is guided by purinergic receptor sensitization, mostly induced by extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its hydrolysis product, adenosine (ADO), which is primarily produced by the CD39-CD73 axis located at the neutrophil cell surface.	Adenosine	136-145	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	250-254
33913070-2	2021	Neutrophil recruitment and migration to injured tissues is guided by purinergic receptor sensitization, mostly induced by extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its hydrolysis product, adenosine (ADO), which is primarily produced by the CD39-CD73 axis located at the neutrophil cell surface.	Adenosine	193-202	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	250-254
33913070-2	2021	Neutrophil recruitment and migration to injured tissues is guided by purinergic receptor sensitization, mostly induced by extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its hydrolysis product, adenosine (ADO), which is primarily produced by the CD39-CD73 axis located at the neutrophil cell surface.	Adenosine	204-207	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	250-254
33908223-1	2021	OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to validate a commercially available automated assay for the measurement of total adenosine deaminase (tADA) and its isoenzymes (ADA1 and ADA2) in saliva in a fast and accurate way, and evaluate the possible changes of these analytes in individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection.	Adenosine	127-136	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	174-178
33908223-1	2021	OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to validate a commercially available automated assay for the measurement of total adenosine deaminase (tADA) and its isoenzymes (ADA1 and ADA2) in saliva in a fast and accurate way, and evaluate the possible changes of these analytes in individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection.	Adenosine	127-136	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	183-187
33925516-1	2021	Recently, we found that the expressions of adenosine (ADO) receptors A2AR and A2BR and the ectonucleotidase CD73 which is needed for the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and the extracellular ADO level are increased in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells and RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells compared to normal cells or non-TNBC cells.	Adenosine	151-160	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	108-112
33925516-1	2021	Recently, we found that the expressions of adenosine (ADO) receptors A2AR and A2BR and the ectonucleotidase CD73 which is needed for the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and the extracellular ADO level are increased in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells and RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells compared to normal cells or non-TNBC cells.	Adenosine	151-160	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	108-112
33925516-1	2021	Recently, we found that the expressions of adenosine (ADO) receptors A2AR and A2BR and the ectonucleotidase CD73 which is needed for the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and the extracellular ADO level are increased in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells and RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells compared to normal cells or non-TNBC cells.	Adenosine	233-236	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	108-112
33925516-8	2021	These results suggest that A2AR is significantly upregulated in BC tissues, especially TNBC tissues, and ADO-mediated A2AR activation is involved in RT-R-TNBC invasion and metastasis through the AKT-beta-catenin pathway.	Adenosine	105-108	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	27-31
33925516-8	2021	These results suggest that A2AR is significantly upregulated in BC tissues, especially TNBC tissues, and ADO-mediated A2AR activation is involved in RT-R-TNBC invasion and metastasis through the AKT-beta-catenin pathway.	Adenosine	105-108	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	118-122
33995638-15	2021	A MTFR2-protein interaction network revealed a potential direct protein interaction between MTFR2 and protein kinase adenosine-monophosphate-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 (PRKAA1), and their potential binding site was predicted in a molecular docking model.	Adenosine	117-126	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	178-184
34036247-4	2021	Metabolomics coupled with biochemical and functional analyses revealed that ALDOA triggered the activation of adenosine-5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which we demonstrate played essential promalignant activities in ALDOA-expressing cells.	Adenosine	110-119	aldolase, fructose-bisphosphate A	Homo sapiens	76-81
34036247-4	2021	Metabolomics coupled with biochemical and functional analyses revealed that ALDOA triggered the activation of adenosine-5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which we demonstrate played essential promalignant activities in ALDOA-expressing cells.	Adenosine	110-119	aldolase, fructose-bisphosphate A	Homo sapiens	241-246
33953681-2	2021	Recently, we found a functional interaction between STEP and adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR), a subtype of the adenosine receptor family widely expressed in the central nervous system, where it regulates motor behavior and cognition, and plays a role in cell survival and neurodegeneration.	Adenosine	61-70	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	85-89
33837202-5	2021	Pharmacological and genetic approaches demonstrate that adenosine acts upon the circadian clockwork via adenosine A1/A2A receptor signalling through the activation of the Ca2+ -ERK-AP-1 and CREB/CRTC1-CRE pathways to regulate the clock genes Per1 and Per2.	Adenosine	56-65	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	104-129
33837202-5	2021	Pharmacological and genetic approaches demonstrate that adenosine acts upon the circadian clockwork via adenosine A1/A2A receptor signalling through the activation of the Ca2+ -ERK-AP-1 and CREB/CRTC1-CRE pathways to regulate the clock genes Per1 and Per2.	Adenosine	56-65	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	181-185
33837202-5	2021	Pharmacological and genetic approaches demonstrate that adenosine acts upon the circadian clockwork via adenosine A1/A2A receptor signalling through the activation of the Ca2+ -ERK-AP-1 and CREB/CRTC1-CRE pathways to regulate the clock genes Per1 and Per2.	Adenosine	56-65	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	195-200
33987395-9	2021	The biological processes of the down-regulated expressed genes included angiogenesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) biosynthetic process, muscle contraction, gluconeogenesis; the cellular component of the down-regulated expressed genes included mitochondrion, cytoskeleton, and myofibril; and the molecular function of the down-regulated expressed genes included nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide plus hydrogen (NADH) dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity, proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, ATP binding, electron carrier activity, cytochrome-c oxidase activity, and oxidoreductase activity.	Adenosine	112-121	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 6	Homo sapiens	598-612
33610376-4	2021	Studies of the past decade have demonstrated the role of Tregs and ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 in the generation of immunosuppressive extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	152-161	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	94-98
33610376-6	2021	Here we review the latest data on issues regarding the role of extracellular adenosine and its receptors in antitumor immune response, adenosine generation mechanisms involving Tregs and the membrane proteins CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	135-144	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	218-222
33129993-8	2021	CXCL14 activated the phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) and CREB inhibitor attenuated the modulation of StAR expression by CXCL14.	Adenosine	47-56	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	159-163
33828530-9	2021	Among them, Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, mTOR pathway, and Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway (HBP) are critical sensors of cellular energy and nutrient status in cancer cells and interact in complex and dynamic ways.	Adenosine	12-21	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	68-72
33727591-4	2021	This was done by inhibiting CD73 with adenosine 5"-(alpha, beta-methylene) diphosphate (APCP) in MDA-MB-231 or 4T1 TNBC cells or through shRNA-silencing (sh-CD73).	Adenosine	38-47	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	28-32
33689481-7	2021	Only in A0- and CFTR- co-injected oocytes did adenosine analogs produce a significant concentration-dependent activation of CFTR consistent with its electrophysiological signature.	Adenosine	46-55	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (ATP-binding cassette sub-family C, member 7)	Xenopus laevis	16-20
33689481-7	2021	Only in A0- and CFTR- co-injected oocytes did adenosine analogs produce a significant concentration-dependent activation of CFTR consistent with its electrophysiological signature.	Adenosine	46-55	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (ATP-binding cassette sub-family C, member 7)	Xenopus laevis	124-128
33732112-2	2021	Previous studies showed that ATP-P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) and adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) antagonists attenuate behavioral modifications upon exposure to repeated stress.	Adenosine	60-69	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	85-89
33523568-11	2021	X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), which is phosphorylated and stabilized via the adenosine receptors A2B and A1/Akt pathways, should play a central role in the effects of ADK inhibition on cell apoptosis and necroptosis.	Adenosine	95-104	X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis	Rattus norvegicus	0-39
33523568-11	2021	X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), which is phosphorylated and stabilized via the adenosine receptors A2B and A1/Akt pathways, should play a central role in the effects of ADK inhibition on cell apoptosis and necroptosis.	Adenosine	95-104	X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
33630907-4	2021	Two adenosine receptors known to be modulated in response to PEMF, Adora2A and Adora3, were functionally impaired by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene disruption, and the consequences of which were studied in the context of PEMF-mediated osteoblastic differentiation.	Adenosine	4-13	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	67-74
33708212-4	2021	These changes involve CD39 and CD69 expression, affecting the adenosine pathway and residency in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, together with oligoclonal expansion within CD8+ TTE cells.	Adenosine	62-71	CD69 molecule	Homo sapiens	31-35
33643295-2	2020	While both EP2 and EP4 signaling leads to an elevation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels through the stimulating Galphas protein, EP4 also couples to the inhibitory Galphai protein to decrease the production of cAMP.	Adenosine	79-88	prostaglandin E receptor 2	Homo sapiens	11-14
33572077-4	2021	In striatal membrane preparations, adenosine decreases both the affinity and the signal transduction of D2R via its interaction with A2AR.	Adenosine	35-44	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	104-107
33572077-9	2021	Antagonistic interactions between adenosine and dopamine are (at least partially) caused by allosteric receptor-receptor interactions within A2AR/D2R heteromeric complexes.	Adenosine	34-43	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	146-149
33122192-1	2020	The dimeric ectonucleotidase CD73 catalyzes the hydrolysis of AMP at the cell surface to form adenosine, a potent suppressor of the immune response.	Adenosine	94-103	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	29-33
33051247-6	2020	This led to a greater degree of intracellular accumulation of 5-FU in Huh7 cells, as well as the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate, an endogenous substrate of MRP5.	Adenosine	121-130	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 5	Homo sapiens	173-177
32548862-2	2020	We describe expression of CD73, an enzyme critical to the generation of adenosine from extracellular AMP, in T cells and other cell types within human head and neck tumors.	Adenosine	72-81	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	26-30
33045579-2	2020	CD39 can hydrolyze eATP into adenosine monophosphate (AMP), while CD73 can convert AMP into the immunosuppressive nucleoside adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	125-134	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	66-70
33045579-2	2020	CD39 can hydrolyze eATP into adenosine monophosphate (AMP), while CD73 can convert AMP into the immunosuppressive nucleoside adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	136-139	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	66-70
32488862-4	2020	Besides, the expression of adenosine receptor (A2AR) on tumor-infiltrating T cells potently reduces their function.	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	47-51
33181018-4	2020	We now extend this technique to pursue the correlation of protein flexibility and chemical reactivity within the diverse and widespread TIM barrel proteins, targeting murine adenosine deaminase (mADA) that catalyzes the irreversible deamination of adenosine to inosine and ammonia.	Adenosine	174-183	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	195-199
33181018-4	2020	We now extend this technique to pursue the correlation of protein flexibility and chemical reactivity within the diverse and widespread TIM barrel proteins, targeting murine adenosine deaminase (mADA) that catalyzes the irreversible deamination of adenosine to inosine and ammonia.	Adenosine	248-257	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	195-199
33238553-2	2020	These adenosine triphosphate dependent chaperones were classified based on their molecular mass that ranges between 10-100 kDA, including; HSP10, HSP40, HSP70, HSP90, HSPB1, HSPD, and HSPH1 family.	Adenosine	6-15	heat shock protein family E (Hsp10) member 1	Homo sapiens	139-144
33198064-1	2020	Cluster of differentiation (CD) 73, which is encoded by the NT5E gene, regulates production of immunosuppressive adenosine and is an emerging checkpoint in cancer immunotherapy.	Adenosine	113-122	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-34
33198064-1	2020	Cluster of differentiation (CD) 73, which is encoded by the NT5E gene, regulates production of immunosuppressive adenosine and is an emerging checkpoint in cancer immunotherapy.	Adenosine	113-122	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	60-64
33187081-5	2020	Reduction of CD73 protein resulted in significant suppression of GSC viability, proliferation and clonogenicity, whereas CD73 enzymatic activity exhibited negative effects only on GSC invasion involving impaired downstream adenosine (ADO) signalling.	Adenosine	223-232	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	121-125
33187081-5	2020	Reduction of CD73 protein resulted in significant suppression of GSC viability, proliferation and clonogenicity, whereas CD73 enzymatic activity exhibited negative effects only on GSC invasion involving impaired downstream adenosine (ADO) signalling.	Adenosine	234-237	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	121-125
33124469-4	2021	Mechanistically, Sert potentially binds to and antagonizes the mitochondrial VDAC1 (voltage dependent anion channel 1), resulting in reduced cellular ATP (adenosine triphosphate) level, activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of its downstream, MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase)-RPS6KB1 (ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1) signaling pathway.	Adenosine	155-164	voltage dependent anion channel 1	Homo sapiens	77-82
33124469-4	2021	Mechanistically, Sert potentially binds to and antagonizes the mitochondrial VDAC1 (voltage dependent anion channel 1), resulting in reduced cellular ATP (adenosine triphosphate) level, activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of its downstream, MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase)-RPS6KB1 (ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1) signaling pathway.	Adenosine	155-164	voltage dependent anion channel 1	Homo sapiens	84-117
33087577-6	2020	Signal transduction was strictly polarized to the serosal side of the epithelium, dependent on the extracellular and sequential hydrolysis of CDNs to adenosine by the ectonucleosidases ENPP1 and CD73, and occurred via activation of A2B adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	150-159	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	195-199
32889667-5	2020	The primary objective was to evaluate the association between Lp(a) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet reactivity using the VerifyNow  P2Y12 assay.	Adenosine	72-81	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	62-67
32758616-7	2020	Knockdown of COX5A enhanced the chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells by decreasing adenosine triphosphate and increasing reactive oxygen species levels.	Adenosine	86-95	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A	Homo sapiens	13-18
32960947-8	2020	Inhibition of GPR30 or ERbeta prevented the BPA-mediated decrease in Npy, wherease inhibition of energy sensor 5" adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) with compound C prevented BPA-induced increase in Npy.	Adenosine	114-123	neuropeptide Y	Mus musculus	220-223
32610186-8	2020	However, gestational high fructose intake led to depressed plasma and hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-dependent antioxidant barrier, adenosine and food intake.	Adenosine	150-159	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
32745471-1	2020	High-capacity mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) uptake by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) is strategically positioned to support the survival and remyelination of axons in multiple sclerosis (MS) by undocking mitochondria, buffering Ca2+ and elevating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis at metabolically stressed sites.	Adenosine	254-263	mitochondrial calcium uniporter	Mus musculus	87-90
33177176-1	2020	BACKGROUND: CD73-adenosine signaling in the tumor microenvironment is immunosuppressive and may be associated with aggressive renal cell carcinoma (RCC).	Adenosine	17-26	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	12-16
33177176-16	2020	Our findings provide compelling support for targeting the immunosuppressive and proangiogenic CD73-adenosine pathway in RCC.	Adenosine	99-108	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	94-98
32798727-3	2020	Adenosine, an endogenous neuromodulator, may accomplish that role since through A2AR it potentiates BDNF synaptic actions in healthy animals.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	80-84
32798727-14	2020	These findings set the stage for adenosine-based pharmacological therapeutic strategies for RTT, highlighting A2AR as a therapeutic target in this devastating pathology.	Adenosine	33-42	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	110-114
32763916-3	2020	Here, we describe novel pathogenic ADAT3 variants impairing adenosine deaminase activity through a distinct mechanism that can be corrected through expression of the heterodimeric ADAT2 subunit.	Adenosine	60-69	adenosine deaminase tRNA specific 3	Homo sapiens	35-40
32763916-3	2020	Here, we describe novel pathogenic ADAT3 variants impairing adenosine deaminase activity through a distinct mechanism that can be corrected through expression of the heterodimeric ADAT2 subunit.	Adenosine	60-69	adenosine deaminase tRNA specific 2	Homo sapiens	180-185
32763916-8	2020	Based upon these findings, we find that tRNA adenosine deaminase activity and wobble inosine modification can be rescued in patient cells by overexpression of the ADAT2 catalytic subunit.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine deaminase tRNA specific 2	Homo sapiens	163-168
33109186-14	2020	TLR3 activation by polyI:C readily induced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release from the trachea and increases of cilia-driven flow and CBF in WT culture, but not in TLR3-KO culture.	Adenosine	43-52	toll like receptor 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
32614585-2	2020	Intratumoral generation of ADO depends on the sequential catabolism of ATP by two ecto-nucleotidases, CD39 (ATP   AMP) and CD73 (AMP   ADO).	Adenosine	27-30	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	123-127
32614585-2	2020	Intratumoral generation of ADO depends on the sequential catabolism of ATP by two ecto-nucleotidases, CD39 (ATP   AMP) and CD73 (AMP   ADO).	Adenosine	135-138	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	123-127
32614585-3	2020	Inhibition of CD73 eliminates a major pathway of ADO production in the TME and can reverse ADO-mediated immune suppression.	Adenosine	49-52	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	14-18
32614585-3	2020	Inhibition of CD73 eliminates a major pathway of ADO production in the TME and can reverse ADO-mediated immune suppression.	Adenosine	91-94	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	14-18
33028677-6	2020	NMR and electron cryomicroscopy data have been used as restraints in molecular dynamics trajectories to develop structural ensembles for p47-p97 complexes in adenosine diphosphate (ADP)- and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-bound conformations, highlighting differences in interactions in the two states.	Adenosine	158-167	valosin containing protein	Homo sapiens	141-144
33028677-6	2020	NMR and electron cryomicroscopy data have been used as restraints in molecular dynamics trajectories to develop structural ensembles for p47-p97 complexes in adenosine diphosphate (ADP)- and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-bound conformations, highlighting differences in interactions in the two states.	Adenosine	191-200	valosin containing protein	Homo sapiens	141-144
33070177-9	2022	TNAP has also been described as an anti-inflammatory enzyme able to dephosphorylate adenosine nucleotides and lipopolysaccharide.	Adenosine	84-93	TNAP	Homo sapiens	0-4
33067580-2	2021	Recent studies show that in the peripheral adipose tissue, adenosine induces adipogenesis through peripheral adenosine A1 receptor (pADORA1) signaling; however, it remains unclear whether systemic and adipose tissue metabolism would also be under the control of central (c) ADORA1 signaling.	Adenosine	59-68	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	133-139
33067580-2	2021	Recent studies show that in the peripheral adipose tissue, adenosine induces adipogenesis through peripheral adenosine A1 receptor (pADORA1) signaling; however, it remains unclear whether systemic and adipose tissue metabolism would also be under the control of central (c) ADORA1 signaling.	Adenosine	109-118	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	133-139
33081170-4	2020	The cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway is a fundamental regulator of innate immune sensing of cancer, with potential to enhance tumour rejection through the induction of a pro-inflammatory response dominated by Type I interferons.	Adenosine	35-44	stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1	Homo sapiens	105-110
32858046-6	2020	The tonic activation of adenosine A2 receptors was dependent on the release of intracellular adenosine through equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENT1/ENT2): NBTI or dipyridamole reduced (~25%) whereas, when ENTs were blocked, adenosine A2 receptor antagonists failed to reduce and A2 agonists increase parasitic burden.	Adenosine	24-33	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	150-154
32858046-6	2020	The tonic activation of adenosine A2 receptors was dependent on the release of intracellular adenosine through equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENT1/ENT2): NBTI or dipyridamole reduced (~25%) whereas, when ENTs were blocked, adenosine A2 receptor antagonists failed to reduce and A2 agonists increase parasitic burden.	Adenosine	93-102	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	150-154
32858046-6	2020	The tonic activation of adenosine A2 receptors was dependent on the release of intracellular adenosine through equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENT1/ENT2): NBTI or dipyridamole reduced (~25%) whereas, when ENTs were blocked, adenosine A2 receptor antagonists failed to reduce and A2 agonists increase parasitic burden.	Adenosine	93-102	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	150-154
32858046-7	2020	Effects of adenosine A2 receptors antagonists and ENT1/2 inhibitor were prevented by L-NAME, indicating that nitric oxide production inhibition prevents adenosine from increasing parasitic burden.	Adenosine	153-162	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	50-56
32777015-3	2020	We here show that Cx43 mediates gap-junctional coupling between collectively invading breast cancer cells and, via hemichannels, adenosine nucleotide/nucleoside release into the extracellular space.	Adenosine	129-138	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
32777015-4	2020	Using molecular interference and rescue strategies, we identify that Cx43 hemichannel function, but not intercellular communication, induces leader cell activity and collective migration through the engagement of the adenosine receptor 1 (ADORA1) and AKT signaling.	Adenosine	217-226	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	69-73
32777015-4	2020	Using molecular interference and rescue strategies, we identify that Cx43 hemichannel function, but not intercellular communication, induces leader cell activity and collective migration through the engagement of the adenosine receptor 1 (ADORA1) and AKT signaling.	Adenosine	217-226	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	239-245
33123122-5	2020	We show here in primary tumors from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients that MICs express higher levels of immunoregulatory molecules compared to tumor bulk, namely PD-L1 and CD73, an ectoenzyme that catalyzes the production of immunosuppressive adenosine, suggesting an enhanced ability of MICs to escape immune responses.	Adenosine	254-263	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	183-187
32814251-7	2020	We show that both ADAR1 and ADAR2 (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 and RNA 2) can edit pri-microRNAs in a microRNA-specific manner.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	28-33
33214837-1	2020	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) catalyzes the hydrolysis of AMP to anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	100-109	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-20
33214837-1	2020	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) catalyzes the hydrolysis of AMP to anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	100-109	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	22-26
32565059-1	2020	Adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) are crucial in facilitating the BDNF action on synaptic transmission in the rat hippocampus primarily upon ageing.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	25-29
32565059-2	2020	Furthermore, it has been suggested that A2AR-Tropomyosin related kinase B receptor (TrkB) crosstalk has a pivotal role in adenosine A2AR-mediated modulation of the BDNF action on hippocampal plasticity.	Adenosine	122-131	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
32565059-4	2020	Using in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA), the existence of a direct physical interaction between adenosine A2AR and TrkB is demonstrated.	Adenosine	101-110	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	111-115
32632520-3	2020	Here, we showed that the effect of EA at Neiguan (PC6) is better than EA at Hegu (LI4) and sham acupoint in affecting RPP and ECG, increasing ATP and ADO production, decreasing AMP production, and upregulating the mRNA expression levels of A1AR, A2aAR, and A2bAR; knockdown of A1AR or A2bAR reversed the effect of EA at PC6 in alleviating MI injury; knockdown of A2aAR had no influence on the cardiac protection of EA at PC6; thus, the cardioprotective effect of EA at PC6 needs A1AR and A2bAR, instead of A2aAR; considering that the cardio protection of adenosine receptor needs activation of other adenosine receptors, one of the reasons may be that after silence of A1AR or A2bAR, EA at PC6 could not impact the expression levels of the other two adenosine receptors, and after silence of A2aAR, EA at PC6 could impact the expression levels of A1AR and A2bAR.	Adenosine	555-564	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5	Homo sapiens	50-53
32632520-3	2020	Here, we showed that the effect of EA at Neiguan (PC6) is better than EA at Hegu (LI4) and sham acupoint in affecting RPP and ECG, increasing ATP and ADO production, decreasing AMP production, and upregulating the mRNA expression levels of A1AR, A2aAR, and A2bAR; knockdown of A1AR or A2bAR reversed the effect of EA at PC6 in alleviating MI injury; knockdown of A2aAR had no influence on the cardiac protection of EA at PC6; thus, the cardioprotective effect of EA at PC6 needs A1AR and A2bAR, instead of A2aAR; considering that the cardio protection of adenosine receptor needs activation of other adenosine receptors, one of the reasons may be that after silence of A1AR or A2bAR, EA at PC6 could not impact the expression levels of the other two adenosine receptors, and after silence of A2aAR, EA at PC6 could impact the expression levels of A1AR and A2bAR.	Adenosine	600-609	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5	Homo sapiens	50-53
32632520-3	2020	Here, we showed that the effect of EA at Neiguan (PC6) is better than EA at Hegu (LI4) and sham acupoint in affecting RPP and ECG, increasing ATP and ADO production, decreasing AMP production, and upregulating the mRNA expression levels of A1AR, A2aAR, and A2bAR; knockdown of A1AR or A2bAR reversed the effect of EA at PC6 in alleviating MI injury; knockdown of A2aAR had no influence on the cardiac protection of EA at PC6; thus, the cardioprotective effect of EA at PC6 needs A1AR and A2bAR, instead of A2aAR; considering that the cardio protection of adenosine receptor needs activation of other adenosine receptors, one of the reasons may be that after silence of A1AR or A2bAR, EA at PC6 could not impact the expression levels of the other two adenosine receptors, and after silence of A2aAR, EA at PC6 could impact the expression levels of A1AR and A2bAR.	Adenosine	600-609	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5	Homo sapiens	50-53
32984382-5	2020	Adenosine and ATP receptors, and other members of the signaling pathway, such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), are involved in obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and OA progression.	Adenosine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	111-115
32739909-5	2020	nNOS expression and activation is regulated by some important signaling proteins, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB), calmodulin (CaM), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90)/HSP70.	Adenosine	97-106	nitric oxide synthase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
32790300-5	2020	In p97, this species is crucial for the regulation of adenosine triphosphate turnover in the first nucleotide-binding domain.	Adenosine	54-63	valosin containing protein	Homo sapiens	3-6
32778777-2	2020	Adenosine, acting at its A2A receptor (A2AR), is a critical autocrine factor for maintenance of cartilage homeostasis and here we report that injection of liposomal suspensions of either adenosine or a selective A2AR agonist, CGS21680, significantly reduced OA cartilage damage in a murine model of obesity-induced OA.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	25-37
32778777-2	2020	Adenosine, acting at its A2A receptor (A2AR), is a critical autocrine factor for maintenance of cartilage homeostasis and here we report that injection of liposomal suspensions of either adenosine or a selective A2AR agonist, CGS21680, significantly reduced OA cartilage damage in a murine model of obesity-induced OA.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	39-43
32778777-2	2020	Adenosine, acting at its A2A receptor (A2AR), is a critical autocrine factor for maintenance of cartilage homeostasis and here we report that injection of liposomal suspensions of either adenosine or a selective A2AR agonist, CGS21680, significantly reduced OA cartilage damage in a murine model of obesity-induced OA.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	212-216
32778777-2	2020	Adenosine, acting at its A2A receptor (A2AR), is a critical autocrine factor for maintenance of cartilage homeostasis and here we report that injection of liposomal suspensions of either adenosine or a selective A2AR agonist, CGS21680, significantly reduced OA cartilage damage in a murine model of obesity-induced OA.	Adenosine	187-196	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	39-43
32640650-6	2020	This RNA editing approach is based on the targeting of the deaminase domain of the hADAR2 enzyme fused to the dCas13b protein to a specific adenosine to be edited to inosine in the mutant mRNA.	Adenosine	140-149	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	83-89
32126230-1	2020	Humans possess three members of the cation-coupled concentrative nucleoside transporter CNT (SLC 28) family, hCNT1-3: hCNT1 is selective for pyrimidine nucleosides but also transports adenosine, hCNT2 transports purine nucleosides and uridine, and hCNT3 transports both pyrimidine and purine nucleosides.	Adenosine	184-193	solute carrier family 28 member 3	Homo sapiens	248-253
32126230-9	2020	Of these, hENT1 and hENT2 transport both nucleosides and nucleobases into and out of cells, but their relative contributions to nucleoside and nucleobase homeostasis and, in particular, to adenosine signaling via purinoreceptors, are not known.	Adenosine	189-198	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	10-15
32126230-11	2020	Results demonstrated that ENT1 was more important than ENT2 or CNT3 in determining plasma adenosine concentrations, indicated modest roles of ENT1 in the homeostasis of other nucleosides, and suggested that none of the transporters is a major participant in handling of nucleobases.	Adenosine	90-99	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	26-30
32727810-4	2020	METHODS: We report here the development of a small molecule A2AR inhibitor including characterization of binding and inhibition of A2AR function with varying amounts of a stable version of adenosine.	Adenosine	189-198	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	60-64
32311420-0	2020	Hippocampal synaptic dysfunction in the SOD1G93A mouse model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Reversal by adenosine A2AR blockade.	Adenosine	107-116	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	117-121
32513692-2	2020	Here, we examined signaling evoked by muscarinic (M2R) and adenosine (A1R) receptor activation in the mouse sinoatrial node (SAN), the cardiac pacemaker.	Adenosine	59-68	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	70-73
32580317-15	2020	In summary, extracellular adenine nucleotides and adenosine inhibit THP-1 cell growth, cause death of cells and modulate the functioning of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis.	Adenosine	50-59	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12	Homo sapiens	144-149
32575412-2	2020	Nifedipine modulates lipogenesis-related transcriptional factor SREBP-1/2 in proximal tubular cells by inhibiting the Adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in vitro.	Adenosine	118-127	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	177-181
32625169-5	2020	Meanwhile, Adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling plays important role in metabolic/endocrine homeostasis and infection response, and it"s closely associated with the anti-oxidative capacity of the body.	Adenosine	11-20	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	70-74
32518214-3	2020	Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), which is involved in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA)/CAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) pathway, has been shown to facilitate dendritic and synaptic plasticity.	Adenosine	67-76	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-26
32518214-3	2020	Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), which is involved in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA)/CAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) pathway, has been shown to facilitate dendritic and synaptic plasticity.	Adenosine	67-76	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
32417936-3	2020	CD73, an enzyme responsible for adenosine production, emerges as a target for glioblastoma treatment.	Adenosine	32-41	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
32417936-10	2020	Additionally, NE-siRNA CD73, TMZ or combined therapy decreased adenosine levels in liquor confirming the importance of this nucleoside on in vivo GB growth.	Adenosine	63-72	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	23-27
32292089-5	2020	The Kir family of channels consist of seven subfamilies of channels (Kir1.x through Kir7.x) that include the classic inward rectifier (Kir2.x) channel, the G-protein-gated inward rectifier K+ (GIRK) (Kir3.x), and the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive (KATP) (Kir 6.x) channels as well as the renal Kir1.1 (ROMK), Kir4.1, and Kir7.1 channels.	Adenosine	217-226	killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, two Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 4	Homo sapiens	4-7
32292089-5	2020	The Kir family of channels consist of seven subfamilies of channels (Kir1.x through Kir7.x) that include the classic inward rectifier (Kir2.x) channel, the G-protein-gated inward rectifier K+ (GIRK) (Kir3.x), and the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive (KATP) (Kir 6.x) channels as well as the renal Kir1.1 (ROMK), Kir4.1, and Kir7.1 channels.	Adenosine	217-226	killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, two Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 4	Homo sapiens	69-72
32317394-3	2020	We identified cellular adenosine turnover as a complex cascade, comprised of (a) the ectoenzymatic breakdown of ATP via sequential nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1, ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 and adenosine deaminase reactions, and ATP re-synthesis through counteracting adenylate kinase and nucleoside diphosphokinase; (b) the uptake of nucleotide-derived adenosine via equilibrative nucleoside transporters; and (c) the intracellular adenosine phosphorylation into ATP by adenosine kinase and other nucleotide kinases.	Adenosine	23-32	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	209-228
32317394-3	2020	We identified cellular adenosine turnover as a complex cascade, comprised of (a) the ectoenzymatic breakdown of ATP via sequential nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1, ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 and adenosine deaminase reactions, and ATP re-synthesis through counteracting adenylate kinase and nucleoside diphosphokinase; (b) the uptake of nucleotide-derived adenosine via equilibrative nucleoside transporters; and (c) the intracellular adenosine phosphorylation into ATP by adenosine kinase and other nucleotide kinases.	Adenosine	23-32	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	486-502
32466597-2	2020	ABCB1 is one of the major adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters that can actively efflux a range of anticancer drugs out of cancer cells, causing MDR.	Adenosine	26-35	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-3
32393626-4	2020	Here we show that cytoplasmic sensor cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) synthase (cGAS) drives IRF3 activation in both alcohol-injured hepatocytes and the neighboring parenchyma via a gap junction intercellular communication pathway.	Adenosine	68-77	interferon regulatory factor 3	Mus musculus	121-125
32466338-4	2020	Although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, the current evidence suggests that Cx43 channels could act as facilitators for calcium ions, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and/or adenosine triphosphate uptake and/or release at the interface of interacting cells.	Adenosine	161-170	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	96-100
32466338-4	2020	Although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, the current evidence suggests that Cx43 channels could act as facilitators for calcium ions, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and/or adenosine triphosphate uptake and/or release at the interface of interacting cells.	Adenosine	193-202	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	96-100
32671205-3	2020	MIR155HG is highly expressed by inflamed antigen-presenting cells, leading to the discovery that P155 interacts with the adenosine 5"-triphosphate binding domain of heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70), a chaperone required for antigen trafficking and presentation in dendritic cells (DCs).	Adenosine	121-130	MIR155 host gene	Homo sapiens	0-8
32438662-8	2020	In hPC, stimulation with PGE2 led to an EP2- and EP4-dependent increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and COX2, and induced cellular PGE2.	Adenosine	82-91	prostaglandin E receptor 2	Homo sapiens	40-43
32443448-4	2020	Flow cytometry experiments to detect apoptosis revealed that adenosine has a dual role in glutamate cytotoxicity, with A2A and A2B adenosine receptor (AR) activation exacerbating and A1 AR activation improving glutamate-induced cell injury.	Adenosine	61-70	ferredoxin reductase	Rattus norvegicus	151-153
32443448-6	2020	However, enhancing the action of endogenous adenosine on A1ARs by TRR469 completely abrogated glutamate-mediated cell death, caspase 3/7 activation, ROS production, and mitochondrial membrane potential loss.	Adenosine	44-53	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	125-136
31953314-1	2020	PURPOSE: There are several agents in early clinical trials targeting components of the adenosine pathway including A2AR and CD73.	Adenosine	87-96	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	124-128
31953314-6	2020	RESULTS: The signature captures baseline adenosine levels in vivo (r2=0.92, p=0.018), is reduced after small molecule inhibition of A2AR in mice (r2 = -0.62, p=0.001) &amp; humans (reduction in 5 of 7 patients (70%)) and is abrogated after A2AR knock-out.	Adenosine	41-50	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	132-136
31953314-10	2020	Finally, adenosine signaling is associated with reduced efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy in published cohorts (HR=0.29, p=0.00012).	Adenosine	9-18	programmed cell death 1	Homo sapiens	73-76
32363113-3	2020	We assessed whether CD73, the rate limiting enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of extracellular AMP into immunosuppressive adenosine, could be an immunological determinant of colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs).	Adenosine	126-135	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	20-24
32363113-10	2020	Our results suggested that CD73 in CRLMs may be prognostically informative and may help select patients more likely to respond to adenosine pathway blocking agents.	Adenosine	130-139	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	27-31
33455311-10	2020	A possible mechanism of the enhanced osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs was explored, and the adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway was found to play a role in the enhancement of osteogenesis.	Adenosine	95-104	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	154-158
32272642-1	2020	Long-tailed unconventional class I myosin, Myosin 1E (MYO1E) and Myosin 1F (MYO1F) are motor proteins that use chemical energy from the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to produce mechanical work along the actin cytoskeleton.	Adenosine	150-159	myosin IE	Homo sapiens	43-52
32272642-1	2020	Long-tailed unconventional class I myosin, Myosin 1E (MYO1E) and Myosin 1F (MYO1F) are motor proteins that use chemical energy from the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to produce mechanical work along the actin cytoskeleton.	Adenosine	150-159	myosin IE	Homo sapiens	54-59
32259773-2	2020	In this study, we analyzed the ability of CeCa cells to produce IL-10 through the CD73-adenosine pathway and its effect on the downregulation of HLA-I molecules to evade CTL-mediated immune recognition.	Adenosine	87-96	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	82-86
32129084-3	2020	Adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR) has the lowest affinity with adenosine among four adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	60-69	adenosine A2B receptor	Rattus norvegicus	0-22
32129084-3	2020	Adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR) has the lowest affinity with adenosine among four adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	81-90	adenosine A2B receptor	Rattus norvegicus	0-22
31721163-11	2020	CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Data suggest that beta3 -adrenoceptor-induced inhibition of cholinergic neurotransmission in human and rat urinary bladders involves activation of an EPAC1/PKC pathway downstream cyclic AMP production resulting in adenosine outflow via ENT1.	Adenosine	243-252	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Rattus norvegicus	179-184
31378829-0	2020	Non-peptidyl small molecule, adenosine, 5"-Se-methyl-5"-seleno-, 2",3"-diacetate, activates insulin receptor and attenuates hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic Leprdb/db mice.	Adenosine	29-38	insulin receptor	Mus musculus	92-108
31378829-4	2020	We have discovered a non-peptidyl small molecule, adenosine, 5"-Se-methyl-5"-seleno-, 2",3"-diacetate [referred to as non-peptidyl compound #43 (NPC43)], which restores INSR signaling in the complete absence of insulin.	Adenosine	50-59	insulin receptor	Mus musculus	169-173
31978612-3	2020	In the present study, we have aimed to investigate the influence of A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) activation on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-23 (IL-23) expression and secretion by monocyte-generated macrophages of AS patients.	Adenosine	72-81	interleukin 37	Homo sapiens	157-171
31978612-3	2020	In the present study, we have aimed to investigate the influence of A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) activation on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-23 (IL-23) expression and secretion by monocyte-generated macrophages of AS patients.	Adenosine	72-81	interleukin 37	Homo sapiens	173-178
32052890-1	2020	In OA chondrocytes, there is diminished mitochondrial production of ATP and diminished extracellular adenosine resulting in diminished adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) stimulation and altered chondrocyte homeostasis which contributes to the pathogenesis of OA.	Adenosine	101-110	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	135-157
32052890-1	2020	In OA chondrocytes, there is diminished mitochondrial production of ATP and diminished extracellular adenosine resulting in diminished adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) stimulation and altered chondrocyte homeostasis which contributes to the pathogenesis of OA.	Adenosine	101-110	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	159-163
32474547-1	2020	Background: Mutations in atpE gene or transcriptional repressor Rv0678 gene associated with inhibition of adenosine 5"-triphosphate synthase and upregulation of efflux pumps, respectively, may potentially lead to in vitro resistance to bedaquiline.	Adenosine	106-115	ATP synthase F1 subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens	25-29
31958564-8	2020	Meanwhile, lncRNA CASC2 decreased the adenosine metabolism related proteins expression of p38, Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) and Adenosine Kinase (ADK).	Adenosine	38-47	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
32180560-6	2020	Octanoic acid differentially regulates the excitability of POMC neurons, activating these neurons directly via GPR40 and inducing inhibition via an indirect non-synaptic, purine, and adenosine receptor-dependent mechanism.	Adenosine	183-192	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	59-63
31802562-6	2020	Mechanistic studies further showed that FER markedly enhances the transferrin receptor-containing endosomal compartment activities via phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/atypical protein kinase C-dependent pathway, while RSV facilitates glucose transporter storage vesicles (GSV) trafficking via an exercise-like effect of conventional protein kinase C/5"-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) modulation.	Adenosine	354-363	transferrin receptor	Homo sapiens	66-86
31941663-1	2020	Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing is an essential post-transcriptional modification catalyzed by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR)1 and ADAR2 in mammals.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	96-137
32225110-1	2020	BACKGROUND: CD73 is an ectonucleotidase regulating extracellular adenosine concentration and plays an important role in adenosine-mediated immunosuppressive pathways.	Adenosine	65-74	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	12-16
32225110-1	2020	BACKGROUND: CD73 is an ectonucleotidase regulating extracellular adenosine concentration and plays an important role in adenosine-mediated immunosuppressive pathways.	Adenosine	120-129	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	12-16
31707092-5	2020	In the frontal cortex, bulbectomized mice presented increase in the adenosine A1 receptors (A1R) and GFAP, while adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) increased in the hippocampus and striatum and SNAP-25 was decreased in frontal cortex and striatum.	Adenosine	113-122	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	138-142
32057736-7	2020	Recent findings have revealed that both ecto-nucleotidase CD39, a key enzyme hydrolyzing ATP, and CD73, an enzyme regulating adenosine turnover, are involved in the renal vascular injury in diabetes.	Adenosine	125-134	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	98-102
31868071-7	2020	To detect the production of adenosine by CD73, the Transcreener ADP2 Assay was coupled with adenosine kinase (AK); conversion of adenosine to AMP and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) by AK allows detection with ADP2 antibody.	Adenosine	28-37	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	41-45
32184726-3	2020	Reduced KCa3.1 channel activity mediates the heightened inhibitory effect of adenosine on the chemotaxis of circulating T cells from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients.	Adenosine	77-86	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	8-14
32184726-11	2020	Activation of KCa3.1 with 1-EBIO restored the ability of CaM knockdown HD T cells to chemotax in the presence of adenosine.	Adenosine	113-122	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	14-20
31990683-4	2020	We screened more than 3000 molecules and identified 6 pharmacological compounds, all possessing an adenosine moiety, that corrected HGPRT deficiency-associated neuronal phenotypes by promoting metabolism compensations in an HGPRT-independent manner.	Adenosine	99-108	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	132-137
31990683-4	2020	We screened more than 3000 molecules and identified 6 pharmacological compounds, all possessing an adenosine moiety, that corrected HGPRT deficiency-associated neuronal phenotypes by promoting metabolism compensations in an HGPRT-independent manner.	Adenosine	99-108	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	224-229
32066489-2	2020	Ticagrelor blocks adenosine reuptake through the inhibition of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT-1) on erythrocytes and platelets, thereby facilitating adenosine-induced physiological responses such as an increase in coronary blood flow velocity.	Adenosine	18-27	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	63-101
32066489-2	2020	Ticagrelor blocks adenosine reuptake through the inhibition of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT-1) on erythrocytes and platelets, thereby facilitating adenosine-induced physiological responses such as an increase in coronary blood flow velocity.	Adenosine	18-27	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	103-108
32066489-2	2020	Ticagrelor blocks adenosine reuptake through the inhibition of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT-1) on erythrocytes and platelets, thereby facilitating adenosine-induced physiological responses such as an increase in coronary blood flow velocity.	Adenosine	162-171	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	63-101
32066489-2	2020	Ticagrelor blocks adenosine reuptake through the inhibition of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT-1) on erythrocytes and platelets, thereby facilitating adenosine-induced physiological responses such as an increase in coronary blood flow velocity.	Adenosine	162-171	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	103-108
31937477-8	2020	CD73 is an extrinsic protein involved in the generation of adenosine and is overexpressed in several tumors including glioblastoma.	Adenosine	59-68	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
32076651-1	2020	To fight for essential metal ions, human pathogens secrete virulence-associated siderophores and retake the metal-chelated siderophores through a subfamily of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) importer, whose molecular mechanisms are completely unknown.	Adenosine	159-168	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group)	Homo sapiens	206-209
31633292-4	2020	Treatment with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor AZD8055, the phosphorylation level of mTOR and P70S6K reduced and increased levels of p-AMPK meaning that the adenosine-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR/P70S6K pathway is involved in SBA-15 induced autophagy of HT22.	Adenosine	176-185	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	154-158
31633292-4	2020	Treatment with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor AZD8055, the phosphorylation level of mTOR and P70S6K reduced and increased levels of p-AMPK meaning that the adenosine-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR/P70S6K pathway is involved in SBA-15 induced autophagy of HT22.	Adenosine	176-185	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	212-216
31915882-2	2020	They have an innate and regulatory immune activity, and they are able to produce immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO) via their ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	99-108	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	152-156
31915882-2	2020	They have an innate and regulatory immune activity, and they are able to produce immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO) via their ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	110-113	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	152-156
31974608-1	2020	Adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) belongs to the novel family of adenosine deaminase growth factors (ADGFs), which play an important role in tissue development.	Adenosine	60-69	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	0-21
31974608-1	2020	Adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) belongs to the novel family of adenosine deaminase growth factors (ADGFs), which play an important role in tissue development.	Adenosine	60-69	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	23-27
31961354-0	2020	Albumin-driven disassembly of lipidic nanoparticles: the specific case of the squalene-adenosine nanodrug.	Adenosine	87-96	albumin	Mus musculus	0-7
31614287-8	2020	Transcriptional analyses of ADO-treated cumulus cells revealed that NRP1, RELN, MAN1A1, THRA and GATM were up-regulated.	Adenosine	28-31	reelin	Bos taurus	74-78
31614287-8	2020	Transcriptional analyses of ADO-treated cumulus cells revealed that NRP1, RELN, MAN1A1, THRA and GATM were up-regulated.	Adenosine	28-31	mannosidase alpha class 1A member 1	Bos taurus	80-86
31834840-11	2020	Adenosine levels increased in cardiac endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes when incubated with ranolazine that was reversed when cytosolic-5"-nucleotidase (cN-II) was inhibited.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Mus musculus	156-161
31985456-16	2020	CONCLUSION: These results provide pharmacological evidence for a contribution of CD73 enzyme-dependent adenosine generation and signaling through ADORA2BR to IPC-mediated tissue protection.	Adenosine	103-112	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	81-85
31786976-12	2020	Adenosine inhibits P-SMC migration and proliferation via the A2B receptor/cyclic AMP/protein kinase A axis, which reduces cyclin D1 expression and activity via inhibiting Akt phosphorylation and Skp2 expression and upregulating p27kip1 levels.	Adenosine	0-9	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	122-131
31786976-12	2020	Adenosine inhibits P-SMC migration and proliferation via the A2B receptor/cyclic AMP/protein kinase A axis, which reduces cyclin D1 expression and activity via inhibiting Akt phosphorylation and Skp2 expression and upregulating p27kip1 levels.	Adenosine	0-9	S-phase kinase associated protein 2	Homo sapiens	195-199
32474136-1	2020	INTRODUCTION: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are transmembrane proteins which actively transport a large variety of substrates across biological membranes.	Adenosine	14-23	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group)	Homo sapiens	61-64
31531757-6	2020	Ecto-5"nucleotidase would be mainly responsible for AMP hydrolysis and adenosine accumulation.	Adenosine	71-80	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
31682853-2	2020	Enhanced adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) signaling mediates the antidepressant effects of acute sleep deprivation (SD).	Adenosine	9-18	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	32-35
31905703-0	2019	Adenosine Receptor Agonists Exhibit Anti-Platelet Effects and the Potential to Overcome Resistance to P2Y12 Receptor Antagonists.	Adenosine	0-9	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	102-107
31659743-2	2019	In animals, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists limit ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury by increasing extracellular adenosine formation and adenosine receptor stimulation.	Adenosine	119-128	nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2	Homo sapiens	12-38
31659743-2	2019	In animals, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists limit ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury by increasing extracellular adenosine formation and adenosine receptor stimulation.	Adenosine	143-152	nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2	Homo sapiens	12-38
31541390-0	2019	The impaired gene expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK), a key metabolic enzyme in leukocytes of newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis patients.	Adenosine	32-41	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	74-78
31520298-0	2019	The Inhibition of CD39 and CD73 Cell Surface Ectonucleotidases by Small Molecular Inhibitors Enhances the Mobilization of Bone Marrow Residing Stem Cells by Decreasing the Extracellular Level of Adenosine.	Adenosine	195-204	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	27-31
31493676-5	2019	Further, we show that, similarly to activation by cancer cell contact, activation by EVs is dependent on the ecto enzyme CD73 that mediates extracellular formation of adenosine and on signaling by the A3 adenosine receptor.	Adenosine	167-176	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	121-125
31722313-2	2019	ADAR2 regulates Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx through alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors via adenosine-to-inosine conversion at the glutamine/arginine site of GluA2 mRNA, which makes ADAR2 a key factor in acquired Ca<sup>2+</sup> resistance in motor neurons.	Adenosine	126-135	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA2 (alpha 2)	Mus musculus	192-197
31567350-17	2019	Inhibition of this neural signaling, either using nonspecific or specific inhibitors targeting the TRPV4/adenosine triphosphate/P2X signaling axis, may represent a novel strategy to prevent or treat ventilator-induced brain injury.	Adenosine	105-114	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4	Homo sapiens	99-104
31567350-17	2019	Inhibition of this neural signaling, either using nonspecific or specific inhibitors targeting the TRPV4/adenosine triphosphate/P2X signaling axis, may represent a novel strategy to prevent or treat ventilator-induced brain injury.	Adenosine	105-114	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 1	Mus musculus	128-131
30629224-6	2019	RESULTS: Compared with vehicle treatment, FGF-23 induced a significant decrease in rat cardiomyocyte contraction, L-type Ca2+ current, systolic Ca2+ transients and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) load and SR Ca2+-adenosine triphosphatase 2a pump activity.	Adenosine	209-218	fibroblast growth factor 23	Rattus norvegicus	42-48
31479688-6	2019	The breakdown of ATP through the CD39/CD73 axis produces adenosine, which mostly inhibits the inflammatory process through activation of specific P1 receptors.	Adenosine	57-66	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	38-42
31330495-6	2019	It was thought that headache was caused by extracellular accumulation of adenosine from inhibition of AT by AMG 337 and subsequent adenosine-mediated vasodilation through adenosine receptors (ARs).	Adenosine	73-82	amelogenin X-linked	Homo sapiens	108-111
31551431-4	2019	For this study, a prototypical SLC/GPCR pair was selected, i.e. the equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 (SLC29A1/ENT1) and an adenosine receptor (AR), for which adenosine is the substrate/ligand.	Adenosine	164-173	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	108-115
31547570-1	2019	CD73, a cell-surface protein encoded by the gene NT5E, is overexpressed in glioblastoma (GBM), where it contributes to the tumor"s pathophysiology via the generation of immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	187-196	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
31547570-1	2019	CD73, a cell-surface protein encoded by the gene NT5E, is overexpressed in glioblastoma (GBM), where it contributes to the tumor"s pathophysiology via the generation of immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	187-196	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	49-53
31220343-9	2019	CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Our data indicate that increased ATP-derived adenosine formation is responsible for A2A receptor over-activation in PD, suggesting CD73 as a new target to manage PD.	Adenosine	74-83	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	160-164
31695457-0	2019	The effect of A1 adenosine receptor in diabetic megalin loss with caspase-1/IL18 signaling.	Adenosine	17-26	caspase 1	Mus musculus	66-75
31409424-3	2019	One, rapid immunosuppressive function of MSCs is through ectoenzyme expression of CD73 and CD39 which cooperatively hydrolyze inflammatory, extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to anti-inflammatory adenosine.	Adenosine	154-163	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	82-86
31357177-4	2019	The long-lived endocrine mutants - Snell dwarf, growth hormone receptor deletion and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A knockout - all show increases in the N6-adenosine-methyltransferases (METTL3/14) that catalyze 6-methylation of adenosine (m6A) in the 5" UTR region of select mRNAs.	Adenosine	163-172	methyltransferase like 3	Mus musculus	193-202
31035040-0	2019	Chinese yam extract and adenosine attenuated LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting RAS and apoptosis via the ER-mediated activation of SHC/Ras/Raf1 pathway.	Adenosine	24-33	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	151-155
31035040-8	2019	RESULTS: The Chinese yam extract and adenosine improved heart function, downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, reversed MAPK and RAS, transformed the apoptosis markers, and increased the expression of ER and SHC/Ras/Raf1 following LPS challenge.	Adenosine	37-46	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	219-223
31035040-11	2019	CONCLUSION: The Chinese yam extract and adenosine ameliorated LPS-induced cardiac contractility through the inhibition of RAS and apoptosis possibly via an ER-SHC/Ras/Raf1-dependent mechanism.	Adenosine	40-49	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	167-171
31404305-2	2019	The concerted action of ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 plays a major role in the local production of anti-inflammatory adenosine, but both ectonucleotidases are rarely co-expressed by human T cells.	Adenosine	120-129	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	51-55
31404305-5	2019	The possibility that CD73 could act in trans would resolve the conundrum of both enzymes being co-expressed for the degradation of ATP and the generation of adenosine.	Adenosine	157-166	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	21-25
31396523-4	2019	In addition, the hypoxia-driven activity of CD73 immunometabolically impairs NK cells in tumors, due to its catalytic role in the generation of the highly immunosuppressive metabolite adenosine.	Adenosine	184-193	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	44-48
31379836-5	2019	It is then metabolized to adenosine monophosphate (AMP) via ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39) and further hydrolyzed to adenosine via ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	26-35	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	156-176
31379836-5	2019	It is then metabolized to adenosine monophosphate (AMP) via ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39) and further hydrolyzed to adenosine via ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	26-35	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	178-182
31066272-5	2019	In this study, we show that exposure of J774A.1 macrophage-like cells to chlorinated ribose and deoxyribose nucleosides results in the incorporation of 5-chloro-cytidine (5ClC), 8-chloro-adenosine (8ClA), and 8-chloro-guanosine (8ClG) into the cellular RNA and 5-chloro-deoxycytidine (5CldC) but not 8-chloro-deoxyguanosine (8CldG) or 8-chloro-deoxyadenosine (8CldA) into cellular DNA.	Adenosine	187-196	Charcot-Leyden crystal protein	Mus musculus	172-175
31212640-5	2019	In this study, we investigated the possibility that adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) participate in HMGCR-mediated inhibition of PCV2 infection and the interaction of porcine HMGCR with PCV2 proteins.	Adenosine	52-61	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	111-115
30941556-0	2019	Blockade pf CD73/adenosine axis improves the therapeutic efficacy of docetaxel in epithelial ovarian cancer.	Adenosine	17-26	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	12-16
31042624-4	2019	This study shows that metformin suppressed CD133 expression mainly by affecting the CD133 P1 promoter via adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling but not the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).	Adenosine	106-115	prominin 1	Homo sapiens	43-48
31042624-4	2019	This study shows that metformin suppressed CD133 expression mainly by affecting the CD133 P1 promoter via adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling but not the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).	Adenosine	106-115	prominin 1	Homo sapiens	84-89
30645771-4	2019	Adenosine and adenosine A2A receptor inhibit osteoclast formation, and increase local adenosine concentration with dipyridamole, an agent that blocks adenosine cellular uptake and stimulates new bone formation as well as bone morphogenic protein 2.	Adenosine	86-95	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	14-36
30962630-5	2019	Finally, AHR drives the expression of the ectonucleotidase CD39 in TAMs, which promotes CD8+ T cell dysfunction by producing adenosine in cooperation with CD73.	Adenosine	125-134	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	9-12
31413909-10	2019	Finally, we observed that Adora2a, Nt5e and Entpd1 gene expression positively correlated with Lyve1, Pdpn and Vegfc in several human cancers, thereby supporting the notion that adenosine production and A2a receptor activation might promote lymphangiogenesis in human tumors.	Adenosine	177-186	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	35-39
31413909-10	2019	Finally, we observed that Adora2a, Nt5e and Entpd1 gene expression positively correlated with Lyve1, Pdpn and Vegfc in several human cancers, thereby supporting the notion that adenosine production and A2a receptor activation might promote lymphangiogenesis in human tumors.	Adenosine	177-186	podoplanin	Homo sapiens	101-105
30755485-7	2019	The adenosine imbalance, which triggers adenosine receptor-3 signaling that decreases cAMP levels and AKT phosphorylation and enhances GSK3beta activity.	Adenosine	4-13	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	135-143
30755485-7	2019	The adenosine imbalance, which triggers adenosine receptor-3 signaling that decreases cAMP levels and AKT phosphorylation and enhances GSK3beta activity.	Adenosine	40-49	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	135-143
31604539-4	2019	In this review, we summarize past and recent research on the ecto-nucleotidases CD39 and CD73, conducted by our group and others, that recently lead to the development and clinical testing of adenosine targeting agents for cancer immunotherapy.	Adenosine	192-201	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	89-93
30957676-3	2019	However, besides immune checkpoints, other mechanisms including the adenosine produced by ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 contribute to the melanoma progression due to the immunosuppression induced by the tumour milieu.	Adenosine	68-77	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	117-121
30922349-8	2019	CONCLUSION: Our results reveal that accumulation of extracellular ADO promotes the process of the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition via A2BAR/TGF-beta1/Fstl1 signaling in MWCNT-induced lung fibrosis.	Adenosine	66-69	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	147-156
30770248-2	2019	Here, we showed that CD19+ extracellular vesicles (EVs) from B cells through CD39 and CD73 vesicle-incorporated proteins hydrolyzed ATP from chemotherapy-treated tumor cells into adenosine, thus impairing CD8+ T cell responses.	Adenosine	179-188	CD19 molecule	Homo sapiens	21-25
30770248-2	2019	Here, we showed that CD19+ extracellular vesicles (EVs) from B cells through CD39 and CD73 vesicle-incorporated proteins hydrolyzed ATP from chemotherapy-treated tumor cells into adenosine, thus impairing CD8+ T cell responses.	Adenosine	179-188	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	86-90
30395172-1	2019	CD73 is an adenosine-producing cell surface enzyme, which exerts strong anti-inflammatory and migration modulating effects in many cell types.	Adenosine	11-20	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
30698736-5	2019	This approach shows for the first time that C9orf72 human induced astrocytes and fibroblasts have an adenosine to inosine deamination defect caused by reduction of adenosine deaminase, which is also observed in induced astrocytes from sporadic patients.	Adenosine	101-110	C9orf72-SMCR8 complex subunit	Homo sapiens	44-51
30607549-1	2019	BACKGROUND: The tumor-expressed CD73 ectonucleotidase generates immune tolerance and promotes invasiveness via adenosine production from degradation of AMP.	Adenosine	111-120	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	32-36
30393085-7	2019	Similarly, in vitro we observed that Ado-producing WT DCs, but not CD73-/- DCs, rendered transgenic T cells from OTII mice (OTII T cells) hyporeactive, decreased their T-cell costimulatory signaling, and induced up-regulation of EGR2 and NDRG1.	Adenosine	37-40	N-myc downstream regulated gene 1	Mus musculus	238-243
30578680-1	2019	Adenosine A2A receptors (A2A R) play a key role in modulating dopamine-dependent locomotor activity, as heralded by the sensitization of locomotor activity upon chronic A2A R blockade, which is associated with elevated dopamine levels and altered corticostriatal synaptic plasticity.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	10-23
30578680-1	2019	Adenosine A2A receptors (A2A R) play a key role in modulating dopamine-dependent locomotor activity, as heralded by the sensitization of locomotor activity upon chronic A2A R blockade, which is associated with elevated dopamine levels and altered corticostriatal synaptic plasticity.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	25-30
30578680-1	2019	Adenosine A2A receptors (A2A R) play a key role in modulating dopamine-dependent locomotor activity, as heralded by the sensitization of locomotor activity upon chronic A2A R blockade, which is associated with elevated dopamine levels and altered corticostriatal synaptic plasticity.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	169-174
30690114-9	2019	Our findings suggest that elevated adenosine levels in the NAc core promote SWS by acting on A2ARs and provide the first evidence that adenosine is an endogenous candidate for activating NAc A2AR neurons that have the ability to induce SWS.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	93-97
31069133-3	2019	Our working hypothesis is that adenosine (ADO), an immunosuppressive molecule along with the ectoenzymatic pathways (CD39-CD73 and CD38-CD203a/PC-1-CD73) controlling its production, are involved in the dynamics of NB cells in the BM.	Adenosine	31-40	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	122-126
31069133-3	2019	Our working hypothesis is that adenosine (ADO), an immunosuppressive molecule along with the ectoenzymatic pathways (CD39-CD73 and CD38-CD203a/PC-1-CD73) controlling its production, are involved in the dynamics of NB cells in the BM.	Adenosine	42-45	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	122-126
30641247-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Prasugrel as a second generation P2Y12 adenosine diphosphate receptor antagonist which in the cerebral aneurysms with Endovascular treatment have become more emphasized.	Adenosine	51-60	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	45-50
30587530-4	2019	The results obtained indicate that hAEC constitutively express a unique combination of functional ectoenzymes, driving the production of adenosine (ADO) via canonical (CD39, CD73) and alternative (CD38, CD203a/PC-1, CD73) pathways.	Adenosine	137-146	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	174-178
30587530-4	2019	The results obtained indicate that hAEC constitutively express a unique combination of functional ectoenzymes, driving the production of adenosine (ADO) via canonical (CD39, CD73) and alternative (CD38, CD203a/PC-1, CD73) pathways.	Adenosine	137-146	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	216-220
30587530-4	2019	The results obtained indicate that hAEC constitutively express a unique combination of functional ectoenzymes, driving the production of adenosine (ADO) via canonical (CD39, CD73) and alternative (CD38, CD203a/PC-1, CD73) pathways.	Adenosine	148-151	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	174-178
30587530-4	2019	The results obtained indicate that hAEC constitutively express a unique combination of functional ectoenzymes, driving the production of adenosine (ADO) via canonical (CD39, CD73) and alternative (CD38, CD203a/PC-1, CD73) pathways.	Adenosine	148-151	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	216-220
30862176-7	2019	Immunohistochemical analysis performed in brains of these mice, revealed that adenosine kinase (ADK), an enzyme that regulates extracellular levels of adenosine, was increased only in seized GFAP-Cre:Panx1f/f mice.	Adenosine	78-87	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	96-99
30862176-9	2019	Together, these data suggest that the worsening of seizures seen in mice lacking astrocyte Panx1 is likely related to low levels of extracellular adenosine due to the increased ADK levels in astrocytes.	Adenosine	146-155	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	177-180
31707043-4	2019	The SF3b1 torus is locally unwound at an active site adenosine, whereas protein cofactors appear to stabilize overall closure in the spliceosome.	Adenosine	53-62	splicing factor 3b subunit 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
30565235-3	2019	Human adenosine deaminase type 2 deficiency (DADA2), due to biallelic deleterious mutations in the ADA2 gene, is the first described monogenic type of small- and medium-size vessel vasculitis.	Adenosine	6-15	adenosine deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	46-50
30365112-5	2019	In addition, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of tau, p-tau, orexin A and orexin neurons express adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) were markedly upregulated in the brain tissue of AD mice compared with that in samples obtained from control mice.	Adenosine	187-196	hypocretin	Mus musculus	151-159
30365112-5	2019	In addition, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of tau, p-tau, orexin A and orexin neurons express adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) were markedly upregulated in the brain tissue of AD mice compared with that in samples obtained from control mice.	Adenosine	187-196	hypocretin	Mus musculus	151-157
31727244-1	2019	CD73 is an ectonucleotidase able to catabolize 5"-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) into adenosine at the extracellular level.	Adenosine	50-59	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
31727244-3	2019	In the context of cancer, the expression and activity of CD73, either in tissue and in biological fluids, is increased leading to high levels of adenosine that potently suppress T-cell mediated responses, promoting tumor progression through stimulation of adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	145-154	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	57-61
31727244-3	2019	In the context of cancer, the expression and activity of CD73, either in tissue and in biological fluids, is increased leading to high levels of adenosine that potently suppress T-cell mediated responses, promoting tumor progression through stimulation of adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	256-265	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	57-61
31727244-4	2019	Compelling evidence indicates that elevated levels of CD73-generating adenosine limit the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.	Adenosine	70-79	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	54-58
31727244-6	2019	Measurement of CD73 levels in serum of cancer patients is a promising approach that, although it needs to be validated, may help to select patients who will benefit from adenosine-targeting agents and predict response to immunotherapy.	Adenosine	170-179	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	15-19
31727245-1	2019	CD73 is a membrane-anchored ectoenzyme that degrades extracellular AMP into adenosine, a potent immunosuppressive factor.	Adenosine	76-85	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
31727245-2	2019	In physiological conditions, induction of the CD73-adenosine pathway acts as natural feedback mechanism to prevent excessive immune reactions and subsequent tissue damage.	Adenosine	51-60	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	46-50
31727245-3	2019	In the past few years, the CD73-adenosine pathway has emerged as a major immunosuppressive mechanism by which multiple types of cancer evade anti-tumor immunity.	Adenosine	32-41	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	27-31
31727245-4	2019	Research from our group and others have established that blocking the CD73-adenosine pathway represents a promising approach to improve cancer immunotherapy.	Adenosine	75-84	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	70-74
31727245-6	2019	Implementation of simple, rapid and HTS-compatible assays to evaluate CD73 enzymatic active is a critical step for any laboratory willing to study the CD73-adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	156-165	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	70-74
31727245-6	2019	Implementation of simple, rapid and HTS-compatible assays to evaluate CD73 enzymatic active is a critical step for any laboratory willing to study the CD73-adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	156-165	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	151-155
30336179-9	2019	These results suggest that adenosine positively regulates PKA in D2R-MSNs through A2AR, while this effect is blocked by basal dopamine in vivo.	Adenosine	27-36	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	65-68
29851527-3	2019	Ticagrelor"s pleiotropic effects on reuptake of adenosine via inhibition of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) have been hypothesized to contribute to this.	Adenosine	48-57	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	76-114
29851527-3	2019	Ticagrelor"s pleiotropic effects on reuptake of adenosine via inhibition of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) have been hypothesized to contribute to this.	Adenosine	48-57	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	116-120
30571174-3	2018	ADK (adenosine kinase) is a major enzyme regulating intracellular adenosine levels, but its functional role in myeloid cells remains poorly understood.	Adenosine	5-14	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	0-3
30571174-8	2018	In vitro assays showed that ADK deletion or inhibition resulted in increased intracellular adenosine and reduced DNA methylation of the ABCG1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter G1) gene.	Adenosine	91-100	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	28-31
30571174-10	2018	Conclusions- Augmentation of intracellular adenosine levels through ADK knockout in myeloid cells protects ApoE-/- mice against atherosclerosis by reducing foam cell formation via the epigenetic regulation of cholesterol trafficking.	Adenosine	43-52	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	68-71
30663435-0	2018	Adenosine Metabolism in COPD: A Study on Adenosine Levels, 5"-Nucleotidase, Adenosine Deaminase and Its Isoenzymes Activity in Serum, Lymphocytes and Erythrocytes.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	59-74
30291675-0	2018	Adenosine deaminase inhibition suppresses progression of 4T1 murine breast cancer by adenosine receptor-dependent mechanisms.	Adenosine	85-94	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-19
30078088-7	2018	Adenosine showed moderate cytotoxicity (MTT-IC50 values were between 700 and 900 muM) and induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner by increasing levels of sub-G1 and cleaved PARP.	Adenosine	0-9	collagen type XI alpha 2 chain	Homo sapiens	187-191
30417434-13	2018	Decreased caspase-12 activity and upregulated Bcl-2 protein may explain antiapoptotic effects of adenosine.	Adenosine	97-106	caspase 12	Mus musculus	10-20
30417434-17	2018	However, adenosine potentiated the expression of GADD34 and decreased p-eIF2alpha/eIF2alpha ratio.	Adenosine	9-18	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Mus musculus	72-81
30417434-17	2018	However, adenosine potentiated the expression of GADD34 and decreased p-eIF2alpha/eIF2alpha ratio.	Adenosine	9-18	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Mus musculus	82-91
30020825-10	2018	We conclude that ADO inhibits oxalate transport by lowering PAT1 surface expression in C2 cells through signaling pathways including the A2B AR, PKC, and phospholipase C. Given higher ADO levels and overexpression of the A2B AR in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), our findings have potential relevance to pathophysiology of IBD-associated hyperoxaluria and related KS.	Adenosine	17-20	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	60-64
29688181-12	2018	CONCLUSIONS: SPR may accurately predict FFR and can limit adenosine use to one in four lesions.	Adenosine	58-67	sepiapterin reductase	Homo sapiens	13-16
29936438-11	2018	CONCLUSION: MTX and BAFF interact in mice where CD73, adenosine and regulatory B cells were identified as key actors in this phenomenon.	Adenosine	54-63	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 13b	Mus musculus	20-24
30232037-3	2018	Suppression of adenosine signaling by inhibiting adenosine receptors or adenosine-generating enzymes (CD39 and CD73) on melanoma cells presents a novel therapeutic target for patients with melanoma.	Adenosine	15-24	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	111-115
29663369-2	2018	CD73, an ecto-5-nucleotidase, is the ectoenzyme dephosphorylating extracellular AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	87-96	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
29663369-2	2018	CD73, an ecto-5-nucleotidase, is the ectoenzyme dephosphorylating extracellular AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	87-96	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	9-28
30181171-1	2018	Overexpression of CD38 after PD-1/PD-L1 blockade increases extracellular adenosine levels and may contribute to acquired resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.	Adenosine	73-82	programmed cell death 1	Homo sapiens	29-33
29956457-5	2018	ADAR2 (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA2)-mediated post-transcriptional adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing promotes cancer progression.	Adenosine	7-16	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	0-5
30097648-1	2018	Adenosine Kinase (ADK) regulates the cellular levels of adenosine (ADO) by fine-tuning its metabolic clearance.	Adenosine	56-65	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	0-16
30097648-1	2018	Adenosine Kinase (ADK) regulates the cellular levels of adenosine (ADO) by fine-tuning its metabolic clearance.	Adenosine	56-65	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	18-21
30097648-1	2018	Adenosine Kinase (ADK) regulates the cellular levels of adenosine (ADO) by fine-tuning its metabolic clearance.	Adenosine	67-70	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	0-16
30097648-1	2018	Adenosine Kinase (ADK) regulates the cellular levels of adenosine (ADO) by fine-tuning its metabolic clearance.	Adenosine	67-70	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	18-21
30097648-2	2018	The transfer of gamma-phosphate from ATP to ADO by ADK involves regulation by the substrates and products, as well as by Mg2+ and inorganic phosphate.	Adenosine	44-47	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	51-54
30097648-3	2018	Here we present new crystal structures of mouse ADK (mADK) binary (mADK:ADO; 1.2 A) and ternary (mADK:ADO:ADP; 1.8 A) complexes.	Adenosine	72-75	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	48-51
30097648-3	2018	Here we present new crystal structures of mouse ADK (mADK) binary (mADK:ADO; 1.2 A) and ternary (mADK:ADO:ADP; 1.8 A) complexes.	Adenosine	72-75	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	53-57
30097648-3	2018	Here we present new crystal structures of mouse ADK (mADK) binary (mADK:ADO; 1.2 A) and ternary (mADK:ADO:ADP; 1.8 A) complexes.	Adenosine	72-75	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	67-71
30097648-3	2018	Here we present new crystal structures of mouse ADK (mADK) binary (mADK:ADO; 1.2 A) and ternary (mADK:ADO:ADP; 1.8 A) complexes.	Adenosine	72-75	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	67-71
30097648-3	2018	Here we present new crystal structures of mouse ADK (mADK) binary (mADK:ADO; 1.2 A) and ternary (mADK:ADO:ADP; 1.8 A) complexes.	Adenosine	102-105	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	48-51
30097648-3	2018	Here we present new crystal structures of mouse ADK (mADK) binary (mADK:ADO; 1.2 A) and ternary (mADK:ADO:ADP; 1.8 A) complexes.	Adenosine	102-105	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	53-57
30097648-4	2018	In accordance with the structural demonstration of ADO occupancy of the ATP binding site, kinetic studies confirmed a competitive model of auto-inhibition of ADK by ADO.	Adenosine	51-54	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	158-161
30097648-4	2018	In accordance with the structural demonstration of ADO occupancy of the ATP binding site, kinetic studies confirmed a competitive model of auto-inhibition of ADK by ADO.	Adenosine	165-168	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	158-161
29168172-11	2018	Depletion of Rap1b only modestly impacted adenosine-induced increases in TER and Tiam1 depletion had no effect on adenosine-induced Rac1 activation and TER.	Adenosine	42-51	RAP1B, member of RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	13-18
29848639-3	2018	Remarkably, while certain Trm10 orthologs are specific for either guanosine or adenosine, others show a dual specificity.	Adenosine	79-88	tRNA (guanine(9)-N(1))-methyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	26-31
29559470-0	2018	Autocrine Adenosine Regulates Tumor Polyfunctional CD73+CD4+ Effector T Cells Devoid of Immune Checkpoints.	Adenosine	10-19	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	51-55
29483661-8	2018	In pyramidal neurons, changes in ENT1 and ADA mRNA may suggest increased catabolism of adenosine.	Adenosine	87-96	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	33-37
29962948-5	2018	Nevertheless, other transporters such as CNT2 and CNT3 can also contribute to purinergic modulation based on their high affinity for adenosine and concentrative capacity.	Adenosine	133-142	solute carrier family 28 member 3	Homo sapiens	50-54
29928232-11	2018	Moreover, the ability of hCNT2 and hCNT3 to transport adenosine links both proteins to purinergic signaling.	Adenosine	54-63	solute carrier family 28 member 3	Homo sapiens	35-40
29928476-1	2018	Background: CD73 is an ectoenzyme involved in the production of adenosine.	Adenosine	64-73	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	12-16
29796286-2	2018	A heterodimer consists of ADAT3 and ADAT2 and is involved in the adenosine-to-inosine conversion in tRNA.	Adenosine	65-74	adenosine deaminase tRNA specific 3	Homo sapiens	26-31
29796286-2	2018	A heterodimer consists of ADAT3 and ADAT2 and is involved in the adenosine-to-inosine conversion in tRNA.	Adenosine	65-74	adenosine deaminase tRNA specific 2	Homo sapiens	36-41
29742141-1	2018	The ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73 degrade extracellular ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	59-68	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	25-29
29514048-4	2018	Exposure of HUVEC and VVEC to 1% O2 for 4-24 h triggered rather moderate activation of ATP breakdown into adenosine via the CD39-CD73 axis.	Adenosine	106-115	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	129-133
29551673-8	2018	The biological function of CD73 in OCICs required its enzymatic activity and involved adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	86-95	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	27-31
29145561-1	2018	Background: CD73 is an ecto-enzyme that promotes tumor immune escape through the production of immunosuppressive extracellular adenosine in the tumor microenvironment.	Adenosine	127-136	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	12-16
29414324-1	2018	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1), a double-stranded RNA-editing enzyme that converts adenosine (A) to inosine (I), has been identified as a modulator of immune responses.	Adenosine	96-105	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	0-35
29414324-1	2018	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1), a double-stranded RNA-editing enzyme that converts adenosine (A) to inosine (I), has been identified as a modulator of immune responses.	Adenosine	96-105	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	37-42
29344645-1	2018	Adenosine kinase (ADK) serves an important role in intracellular adenosine clearance via phosphorylating adenosine to AMP.	Adenosine	65-74	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	0-16
29344645-1	2018	Adenosine kinase (ADK) serves an important role in intracellular adenosine clearance via phosphorylating adenosine to AMP.	Adenosine	65-74	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	18-21
29344645-1	2018	Adenosine kinase (ADK) serves an important role in intracellular adenosine clearance via phosphorylating adenosine to AMP.	Adenosine	105-114	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	0-16
29344645-1	2018	Adenosine kinase (ADK) serves an important role in intracellular adenosine clearance via phosphorylating adenosine to AMP.	Adenosine	105-114	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	18-21
29489750-6	2018	In particular, we identify a functional interaction with the METTL3-METTL14-WTAP complex, which mediates the conversion of adenosine to N6-methyladenosine (m6A) on RNA.	Adenosine	123-132	WT1 associated protein	Homo sapiens	76-80
29273916-7	2018	CD73, together with alkaline phosphatase, also expressed apically in oviductal epithelium, complete the hydrolysis sequence by dephosphorylating AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	152-161	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
29047106-3	2018	The relationship between CD73 and AKT/GSK-3beta/beta-catenin pathway was assessed with adenosine, adenosine 2A receptor antagonist (SCH-58261), adenosine 2A receptor agonist (NECA), CD73 enzyme inhibitor (APCP) and Akt inhibitor (MK-2206).	Adenosine	87-96	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	25-29
28233320-4	2018	Two cell surface expressed molecules including CD73 and CD39 catalyze the generation of adenosine from adenosine triphosphate (ATP).	Adenosine	88-97	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	47-51
29336194-1	2018	CD73/Ecto-5"-nucleotidase is a membrane-tethered ecto-enzyme that works in tandem with CD39 to convert extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into adenosine.	Adenosine	117-126	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
29336194-1	2018	CD73/Ecto-5"-nucleotidase is a membrane-tethered ecto-enzyme that works in tandem with CD39 to convert extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into adenosine.	Adenosine	117-126	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	5-25
29336194-2	2018	CD73 is highly expressed on various types of cancer cells and on infiltrating suppressive immune cells, leading to an elevated concentration of adenosine in the tumor microenvironment, which elicits a strong immunosuppressive effect.	Adenosine	144-153	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
29336194-4	2018	Despite initial studies using antibodies, inhibition of CD73 catalytic activity using small-molecule inhibitors may be more effective in lowering extracellular adenosine due to better tumor penetration and distribution.	Adenosine	160-169	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	56-60
29284691-3	2018	OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether angiomiR miR487b is subject to adenosine-to-inosine editing or 2"-O-ribose-methylation during neovascularization.	Adenosine	65-74	microRNA 487b	Mus musculus	43-50
29284691-5	2018	Using Sanger sequencing and endonuclease digestion, we identified and validated adenosine-to-inosine editing of the miR487b seed sequence.	Adenosine	80-89	microRNA 487b	Mus musculus	116-123
29182933-4	2018	Using chondrocyte cultures, we could attribute the rapid cellular proliferation and infiltration during exosome-mediated cartilage repair to exosomal CD73-mediated adenosine activation of AKT and ERK signalling.	Adenosine	164-173	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	150-154
29166791-4	2018	Expert Opinion: These benzothiadiazine derivatives provide good leads for the discovery of potent CD73 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer and other diseases mediated by adenosine and its action on adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	173-182	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	98-102
29212832-1	2018	Adenosine is the final product of ATP metabolism, mainly derived from the action of 5"-nucleotidase cleavage of AMP.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	84-99
29174913-2	2018	Important roles on learning and memory of adenosine and its receptors, such as adenosine A1 and A2A receptors (A1R and A2AR), also have been shown.	Adenosine	42-51	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	111-114
29174913-2	2018	Important roles on learning and memory of adenosine and its receptors, such as adenosine A1 and A2A receptors (A1R and A2AR), also have been shown.	Adenosine	42-51	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	119-123
29440987-6	2018	Pathway and enrichment analysis of non-targeted primary metabolite profiles from Sirt5-/- cortex revealed alterations in several pathways including purine metabolism (urea, adenosine, adenine, xanthine), nitrogen metabolism (glutamic acid, glycine), and malate-aspartate shuttle (malic acid, glutamic acid).	Adenosine	173-182	sirtuin 5	Mus musculus	81-86
29398917-2	2018	A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, ticagrelor, is unique among antiplatelet drugs, because ticagrelor inhibits the platelet P2Y12 receptor in a reversible manner, and because it demonstrates a wide palette of advantageous pleiotropic effects associated with the increased concentration of adenosine.	Adenosine	283-292	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	2-7
29331956-5	2018	CD73, an ecto-5"-nucleotidase, may be critical in regulating inflammation by converting pro-inflammatory AMP to anti-inflammatory adenosine.	Adenosine	130-139	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
29331956-5	2018	CD73, an ecto-5"-nucleotidase, may be critical in regulating inflammation by converting pro-inflammatory AMP to anti-inflammatory adenosine.	Adenosine	130-139	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	9-29
29331956-14	2018	CONCLUSIONS: MSC-mediated conversion of AMP to adenosine by CD73 exerts a powerful anti-inflammatory effect critical for cardiac recovery following MI/R injury.	Adenosine	47-56	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	60-64
28884474-2	2018	Here, we observed that N6-isopentenyladenosine (iPA), an isoprenoid modified adenosine with a well established anticancer activity, was able to induce a significant upregulation of cell surface expression of natural killer (NK) cell activating receptor NK Group 2 member D (NKG2D) ligands on glioma cells in vitro and xenografted in vivo.	Adenosine	37-46	killer cell lectin like receptor K1	Homo sapiens	274-279
29167643-2	2017	Adenosine neuromodulation deficits were ascribed to feed-forward inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 by high extracellular adenine nucleotides in the inflamed ileum.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	79-99
29167643-2	2017	Adenosine neuromodulation deficits were ascribed to feed-forward inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 by high extracellular adenine nucleotides in the inflamed ileum.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	100-104
28950987-1	2017	BACKGROUND: The expression of CD73 in tumor cells plays a significant role in the production of adenosine (Ado) that suppresses antitumor effector cells.	Adenosine	96-105	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	30-34
28950987-1	2017	BACKGROUND: The expression of CD73 in tumor cells plays a significant role in the production of adenosine (Ado) that suppresses antitumor effector cells.	Adenosine	107-110	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	30-34
28950987-5	2017	CONCLUSION: This results suggest that HPV infection, which is associated with more than 99% of CeCa cases, may present an increased constitutive expression of CD73 in cervical neoplasia to contribute to the suppression of the immune response mediated by the production of large amounts of Ado.	Adenosine	289-292	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	159-163
28652244-2	2017	In this study, we assessed whether the CD73-adenosinergic pathway is active in melanoma patients and whether adenosine restricts the efficacy of clinically approved targeted therapies for commonly mutated BRAFV600E melanoma.	Adenosine	44-53	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	39-43
28652244-3	2017	In AJCC stage III melanoma patients, CD73 expression (the enzyme that generates adenosine) correlated significantly with patients presenting nodal metastatic melanoma, suggesting that targeting this pathway may be effective in advanced stage disease.	Adenosine	80-89	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	37-41
28652246-2	2017	Here we found that induction of CD73, the enzyme that generates immunosuppressive adenosine, is linked to melanoma phenotype switching.	Adenosine	82-91	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	32-36
28669636-3	2017	Therefore, the aims of this study were to evaluate possible changes in the activity of deaminase adenosine (ADA) and the oxidative stress in cows seropositives for brucellosis (Experiment I), and to evaluate the seroprevalence of B. abortus in dairy cows from the Western state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil (Experiment II).	Adenosine	97-106	adenosine deaminase	Bos taurus	108-111
28370734-11	2017	Adenosine induced G1 cell cycle arrest in breast CSCs in conjunction with a marked down-regulation of cyclin D1 and CDK4.	Adenosine	0-9	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	102-111
28370734-11	2017	Adenosine induced G1 cell cycle arrest in breast CSCs in conjunction with a marked down-regulation of cyclin D1 and CDK4.	Adenosine	0-9	cyclin dependent kinase 4	Homo sapiens	116-120
28133948-12	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal HS diets altered Adenosine-mediated coronary artery vasodilatation in the offspring, which was linked to downregulation of cAMP/PKA/BK channel pathway.	Adenosine	39-48	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	154-164
28462511-5	2017	These mainly include nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin PGI2 , and adenosine, which are synthesized by endothelial NO synthases (eNOS), prostacyclin synthase, and CD39/CD73, respectively.	Adenosine	64-73	nitric oxide synthase 3	Sus scrofa	126-130
28462511-5	2017	These mainly include nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin PGI2 , and adenosine, which are synthesized by endothelial NO synthases (eNOS), prostacyclin synthase, and CD39/CD73, respectively.	Adenosine	64-73	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Sus scrofa	160-164
28389406-6	2017	Furthermore, such co-expression system led to the synergistic enzymatic activity of hE5NT and hENTPD1 as shown by the efficient catabolism of pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic extracellular adenine nucleotides along with the enhanced production of the anti-inflammatory molecule adenosine.	Adenosine	281-290	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	84-89
27862653-2	2017	Central players in adenosine signaling are the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, which convert ADP/ATP to AMP and AMP to adenosine, respectively.	Adenosine	19-28	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	74-78
27862653-2	2017	Central players in adenosine signaling are the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, which convert ADP/ATP to AMP and AMP to adenosine, respectively.	Adenosine	120-129	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	74-78
28541300-0	2017	Splicing modulators act at the branch point adenosine binding pocket defined by the PHF5A-SF3b complex.	Adenosine	44-53	PHD finger protein 5A	Homo sapiens	84-89
28373446-3	2017	In the present work, we evaluated the effect of alpha-bisabolol on ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73, the most well-characterized enzymatic source of adenosine, present in lipid rafts.	Adenosine	142-151	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	67-87
28373446-3	2017	In the present work, we evaluated the effect of alpha-bisabolol on ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73, the most well-characterized enzymatic source of adenosine, present in lipid rafts.	Adenosine	142-151	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	88-92
28217931-5	2017	Our recent publication of X-ray crystal structures of the human ADAR2 deaminase domain bound to RNA editing substrates shed considerable light on how the catalytic domains of these enzymes bind RNA and promote adenosine deamination.	Adenosine	210-219	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	64-69
28174424-3	2017	Therefore, targeting adenosine-generating enzymes (CD39 and CD73) or adenosine receptors has emerged as a novel means to stimulate anti-tumor immunity.	Adenosine	21-30	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	60-64
28288184-1	2017	CD73 works together with CD39 to convert extracellular ATP to immunoregulatory adenosine, thus inhibiting inflammation.	Adenosine	79-88	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
28230183-3	2017	We show that IDGF2 is independent of insulin and protects cells from death caused by serum deprivation, toxicity of xenobiotics or high concentrations of extracellular adenosine (Ado) and deoxyadenosine (dAdo).	Adenosine	168-177	Imaginal disc growth factor 2	Drosophila melanogaster	13-18
28230183-3	2017	We show that IDGF2 is independent of insulin and protects cells from death caused by serum deprivation, toxicity of xenobiotics or high concentrations of extracellular adenosine (Ado) and deoxyadenosine (dAdo).	Adenosine	179-182	Imaginal disc growth factor 2	Drosophila melanogaster	13-18
28202050-2	2017	As a nucleotidase, CD73 plays its enzymatic function by catalyzing the hydrolysis of AMP into adenosine and phosphate.	Adenosine	94-103	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	19-23
28202050-12	2017	These results demonstrated that the promotive effect of CD73 on cervical cancer cells proliferation and migration in vitro was independent from its enzymatic activity (i.e. production of adenosine).	Adenosine	187-196	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	56-60
28041785-2	2017	The equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) terminates the action of adenosine by removal from the extracellular environment.	Adenosine	75-84	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	4-42
28041785-2	2017	The equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) terminates the action of adenosine by removal from the extracellular environment.	Adenosine	75-84	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	44-48
28041785-3	2017	Therefore, it is proposed that inhibition of ENT1 in respiratory disease patients leads to increased adenosine concentrations, triggering bronchospasm and dyspnoea.	Adenosine	101-110	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	45-49
28210258-0	2017	Human Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit Xeno-Graft-versus-Host Disease via CD39-CD73-Adenosine and IDO Signals.	Adenosine	98-107	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	93-97
27975140-0	2017	Profound hypothermia after adenosine kinase inhibition in A1AR-deficient mice suggests a receptor-independent effect of intracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	58-62
27975140-3	2017	Since phosphorylation of adenosine by adenosine kinase (ADK) is causal in the maintenance of low intracellular adenosine, we have examined the effect of ADK inhibition on core body temperature (CBT).	Adenosine	25-34	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	38-54
27975140-3	2017	Since phosphorylation of adenosine by adenosine kinase (ADK) is causal in the maintenance of low intracellular adenosine, we have examined the effect of ADK inhibition on core body temperature (CBT).	Adenosine	25-34	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	56-59
27975140-3	2017	Since phosphorylation of adenosine by adenosine kinase (ADK) is causal in the maintenance of low intracellular adenosine, we have examined the effect of ADK inhibition on core body temperature (CBT).	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	56-59
27975140-9	2017	Hypothermia induced by CPA was much greater than that caused by CGS21680 or IB-MECA indicating that A1AR activation is the major receptor-dependent pathway for adenosine-induced hypothermia under our experimental conditions.	Adenosine	160-169	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	100-104
27975140-10	2017	Induction of deep hypothermia by inhibition of ADK, maintenance of this effect in A1AR-/- mice, and maintenance of adenosine-induced hypothermia in A1AR-deficient mice suggest that a receptor-independent action of adenosine requiring intact function of adenosine kinase contributes importantly to the hypothermia induced by adenosine.	Adenosine	115-124	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	148-152
28028617-9	2017	In ATP- and adenosine-responsive cells, iberiotoxin and TRAM-34 diminished electrical responses, implicating both KCa1.1 and KCa3.1 channels in coupling agonist-dependent Ca2+ signals to membrane voltage.	Adenosine	12-21	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	125-131
28060732-1	2017	In immune cells, CD73 dephosphorylates and converts extracellular AMP into adenosine, which binds the A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR).	Adenosine	75-84	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	17-21
28395340-1	2017	Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing occurs in a wide range of tissues and cell types and can be catalyzed by one of the two adenosine deaminase acting on double-stranded RNA enzymes, ADAR and ADARB1.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	189-193
27694321-4	2016	This additional effect of ticagrelor beyond P2Y12R antagonism was in part as a consequence of ticagrelor inhibiting the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) on platelets, leading to accumulation of extracellular adenosine and activation of Gs-coupled adenosine A2A receptors.	Adenosine	221-230	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	160-164
27830382-3	2016	Statins, via ecto-5"-nucleotidase activation, also increase adenosine levels and limit IS.	Adenosine	60-69	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	13-33
27705752-4	2016	Four extracellular factors are necessary for the acquisition of SON expression and lineage plasticity in ePS cells: adenosine (which is produced by the 5" ecto-nucleotidase CD73 and activates in turn the PKA-dependent IL6/STAT3 pathway through the adenosine receptor ADORA2b), IL6, FGF2 and ACTIVIN A.	Adenosine	116-125	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	173-177
27906615-1	2016	NT5E encodes ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5NT, CD73) which hydrolyses extracellular AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	85-94	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
27906615-1	2016	NT5E encodes ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5NT, CD73) which hydrolyses extracellular AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	85-94	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	13-33
27906615-1	2016	NT5E encodes ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5NT, CD73) which hydrolyses extracellular AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	85-94	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	35-39
27906615-1	2016	NT5E encodes ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5NT, CD73) which hydrolyses extracellular AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	85-94	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	41-45
27906640-4	2016	These effects cause an imbalance between adenosine, dopamine, and serotonin receptors in HGprt deficient cells, and cells differentiated with hypoxanthine showed an increase in dopamine, adenosine and serotonin receptors expression.	Adenosine	41-50	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	89-94
27650530-4	2016	Here, we investigated changes in the expression and cellular localization of the A2A receptor and of the adenosine-generating enzyme, ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73, in the hippocampus of control individuals and MTLE human patients.	Adenosine	105-114	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	134-154
27650530-4	2016	Here, we investigated changes in the expression and cellular localization of the A2A receptor and of the adenosine-generating enzyme, ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73, in the hippocampus of control individuals and MTLE human patients.	Adenosine	105-114	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	155-159
27650530-9	2016	Given our data, we hypothesize that selective blockade of excessive activation of astrocytic A2A receptors and/or inhibition of surplus adenosine formation by membrane-bound ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 may reduce neuronal excitability, thus providing a novel therapeutic target for drug-refractory seizures in MTLE patients.	Adenosine	136-145	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	174-194
27650530-9	2016	Given our data, we hypothesize that selective blockade of excessive activation of astrocytic A2A receptors and/or inhibition of surplus adenosine formation by membrane-bound ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 may reduce neuronal excitability, thus providing a novel therapeutic target for drug-refractory seizures in MTLE patients.	Adenosine	136-145	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	195-199
27796164-8	2016	In these culture conditions, adenosine had deleterious effects, including an increase in cyclooxygenase-2 and interleukin-6, in correlation with unregulated proinsulin release.	Adenosine	29-38	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	89-105
27851964-2	2016	CAPS1 pre-mRNA is known to undergo adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing in its coding region, which results in a glutamate-to-glycine conversion at a site in its C-terminal region.	Adenosine	35-44	Ca2+-dependent secretion activator	Mus musculus	0-5
27732656-1	2016	BACKGROUND: CD73 dephosphorylates adenosine monophosphate to adenosine that is an anti-inflammatory molecule inhibiting immune activation and vascular leakage.	Adenosine	34-43	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	12-16
27005321-5	2016	Under pathophysiological conditions, nucleotide-scavenging ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 hydrolyze ATP, ultimately, to the anti-inflammatory mediator adenosine.	Adenosine	152-161	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	86-90
27373493-0	2016	Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing by ADAR1 is essential for normal murine erythropoiesis.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	36-41
27373493-8	2016	Mapping of adenosine-to-inosine editing in purified erythroid cells identified clusters of hyperedited adenosines located in long 3"-untranslated regions of erythroid-specific transcripts and these are ADAR1-specific editing events.	Adenosine	11-20	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	202-207
27622332-0	2016	Co-inhibition of CD73 and A2AR Adenosine Signaling Improves Anti-tumor Immune Responses.	Adenosine	31-40	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	26-30
27622332-2	2016	Here, we have identified that co-blockade of the ectonucleotidase that generates adenosine CD73 and the A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR) that mediates adenosine signaling in leuokocytes, by using compound gene-targeted mice or therapeutics that target these molecules, limits tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis.	Adenosine	108-117	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	128-132
27369815-4	2016	CGRP increased ATP and ADP levels in meninges and trigeminal cultures and reduced adenosine concentration in trigeminal cells.	Adenosine	82-91	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
27532024-0	2016	Adenosine-generating ovarian cancer cells attract myeloid cells which differentiate into adenosine-generating tumor associated macrophages - a self-amplifying, CD39- and CD73-dependent mechanism for tumor immune escape.	Adenosine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	170-174
27532024-0	2016	Adenosine-generating ovarian cancer cells attract myeloid cells which differentiate into adenosine-generating tumor associated macrophages - a self-amplifying, CD39- and CD73-dependent mechanism for tumor immune escape.	Adenosine	89-98	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	170-174
27532024-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer (OvCA) tissues show abundant expression of the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 which generate immunomodulatory adenosine, thereby inhibiting cytotoxic lymphocytes.	Adenosine	138-147	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	101-105
27209048-5	2016	Different groups have highlighted the therapeutic potential of blocking CD73-dependent adenosine-mediated immunosuppression to reinstate anti-tumor immunity.	Adenosine	87-96	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	72-76
27429212-4	2016	We advocated (i) blocking immunosuppressive adenosine-A2AR-cAMP-mediated intracellular signaling by A2AR antagonists and (ii) weakening hypoxia-HIF-1alpha-mediated accumulation of extracellular adenosine by oxygenation agents that also inhibits CD39/CD73 adenosine-generating enzymes.	Adenosine	44-53	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	250-254
27429212-4	2016	We advocated (i) blocking immunosuppressive adenosine-A2AR-cAMP-mediated intracellular signaling by A2AR antagonists and (ii) weakening hypoxia-HIF-1alpha-mediated accumulation of extracellular adenosine by oxygenation agents that also inhibits CD39/CD73 adenosine-generating enzymes.	Adenosine	194-203	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	250-254
27260206-4	2016	In contrast, stimulation of TLR9 by DSP30 induced proliferation and the suppressive potential of BM-MSC, coinciding with reducing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha expression, increased expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, increased percentages of BM-MSC double positive for the ectonucleotidases CD39+CD73+ and adenosine levels.	Adenosine	329-338	toll like receptor 9	Homo sapiens	28-32
27279228-9	2016	The TGS (ThrRS, GTPase and SpoT) domain of RelA binds the CCA tail to orient the free 3" hydroxyl group of the terminal adenosine towards a beta-strand, such that an aminoacylated tRNA at this position would be sterically precluded.	Adenosine	120-129	lin-9 DREAM MuvB core complex component	Homo sapiens	4-7
27279228-9	2016	The TGS (ThrRS, GTPase and SpoT) domain of RelA binds the CCA tail to orient the free 3" hydroxyl group of the terminal adenosine towards a beta-strand, such that an aminoacylated tRNA at this position would be sterically precluded.	Adenosine	120-129	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	43-47
26910734-14	2016	Although more studies are necessary to better understand the complex cross-talk mediated by supra-physiological concentrations of adenosine in the GME, these studies demonstrate that MTX treatment increases CD73 enzyme expression and AMP hydrolysis, leading to an increase in adenosine production and immunosuppressive capability.	Adenosine	276-285	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	207-211
26961686-6	2016	RESULTS: Upon hypoxic stress, cancer cells release ATP into the extracellular space where nucleotides are converted into ADO by hypoxia-sensitive, membrane-bound ectoenzymes (CD39/CD73).	Adenosine	121-124	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	180-184
26234676-3	2016	The TRM6/61 complex is known to methylate the adenosine 58 of the initiator methionine tRNA (tRNAi(Met)), a nuclear post-transcriptional modification associated with the stabilization of this crucial component of the translation-initiation process.	Adenosine	46-55	tRNA methyltransferase 61A	Homo sapiens	4-11
26491864-2	2016	Adenosine levels are regulated by a close interplay between nucleoside transporters and adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine kinase	Mus musculus	88-104
26510892-10	2016	Direct contact between NK cells and ELCs or WJ-MSCs decreased the level of NK-activating receptor natural-killer group 2, member D. Moreover, direct co-culturing with ELCs stimulates CD73 acquisition on NK cells, a mechanism which may induce adenosine secretion by the cells and lead to an immunosuppressive function.	Adenosine	242-251	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	183-187
26603295-5	2016	Treatment with adenosine dialdehyde (AdOx), a representative global methyltransferase inhibitor, remarkably mitigated the cytoplasmic mislocalization and aggregation of FUS mutant, which is consistent with previous reports.	Adenosine	15-24	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	37-41
26806404-10	2016	Results showed HBO exposure could increase adenosine content by inhibiting ADK activity and improving 5"-nucleotidase activity.	Adenosine	43-52	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	102-117
26712564-6	2016	This complex shows surprising similarity to the tandem dsRBDs from an adenosine-to-inosine editing enzyme, ADAR2 in complex with a substrate RNA.	Adenosine	70-79	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	107-112
27572442-8	2016	Furthermore, methylation of two conserved adenosines in the stem loop II region of HIV-1 Rev response element (RRE) RNA enhanced binding of HIV-1 Rev protein to the RRE in vivo and influenced nuclear export of RNA.	Adenosine	42-52	Rev	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	89-92
27572442-8	2016	Furthermore, methylation of two conserved adenosines in the stem loop II region of HIV-1 Rev response element (RRE) RNA enhanced binding of HIV-1 Rev protein to the RRE in vivo and influenced nuclear export of RNA.	Adenosine	42-52	Rev	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	146-149
27467942-0	2016	CD73-adenosine reduces immune responses and survival in ovarian cancer patients.	Adenosine	5-14	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
27467942-2	2016	Our results demonstrate that the CD73-adenosine pathway is a major immunosuppressive mechanism co-opted by ovarian tumors to escape antitumor immunity.	Adenosine	38-47	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	33-37
27842306-0	2016	The Role Played by Adenosine in Modulating Reflex Sympathetic and Pressor Responses Evoked by Stimulation of TRPV1 in Muscle Afferents.	Adenosine	19-28	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-114
27842306-2	2016	The purpose of this study was to examine the role of adenosine in modulating the reflex RSNA and BP responses to stimulation of TRPV1.	Adenosine	53-62	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	128-133
27842306-9	2016	CONCLUSION: Adenosine contributes to muscle afferent TRPV1-engaged reflex sympathetic and pressor responses.	Adenosine	12-21	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
27842306-10	2016	It is likely that TRPV1 response is impaired as the levels of adenosine are increased in the hindlimb muscles under diseased conditions.	Adenosine	62-71	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-23
26328528-7	2016	Two unique components are genetically combined in this molecule: 1) The ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase NTPDase CD39, which enzymatically degrades ATP and ADP to AMP, which is then further degraded to adenosine by the endothelially expressed CD73.	Adenosine	217-226	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	258-262
26625714-4	2016	METHODS AND RESULTS: Elevation of cAMP using forskolin, dibutyryl-cAMP or the physiological agonists, Cicaprost or adenosine, significantly increased phosphorylation and nuclear export YAP and TAZ and inhibited TEAD-luciferase report gene activity.	Adenosine	115-124	Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	185-188
26319014-2	2015	Although cytoplasmic and nuclear PAPs have been studied extensively, the mechanism by which mitochondrial PAP (mtPAP) selects adenosine triphosphate over other nucleotides is unknown.	Adenosine	126-135	mitochondrial poly(A) polymerase	Homo sapiens	92-109
26319014-2	2015	Although cytoplasmic and nuclear PAPs have been studied extensively, the mechanism by which mitochondrial PAP (mtPAP) selects adenosine triphosphate over other nucleotides is unknown.	Adenosine	126-135	mitochondrial poly(A) polymerase	Homo sapiens	111-116
25847308-5	2015	In contrast, LPS increased whereas glutamate decreased the extracellular catabolism of ATP into adenosine through ecto-nucleotidases and ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	96-105	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	137-157
26156883-9	2015	Ticagrelor is a more potent P2Y12 inhibitor than clopidogrel and also inhibits cellular adenosine uptake via equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT) 1, whereas clopidogrel does not.	Adenosine	88-97	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	109-153
26150530-2	2015	In this study, we reveal that adenosine potently modulates the expression of NR4A1, 2, and 3 orphan nuclear receptors in myeloid cells, and this modulation is primarily through the adenosine A2a receptor subtype.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	181-203
26150530-5	2015	Exposure of TLR4 or TNF-alpha-stimulated monocytes to adenosine analogs directs changes in the expression of MIP-3alpha and IL-23p19, with NR4A2 depletion leading to significantly enhanced expression of these factors.	Adenosine	54-63	interleukin 23, alpha subunit p19	Mus musculus	124-132
26147331-1	2015	ecto-5"-Nucleotidase (eN, CD73) catalyzes the hydrolysis of extracellular AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	81-90	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-20
26147331-1	2015	ecto-5"-Nucleotidase (eN, CD73) catalyzes the hydrolysis of extracellular AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	81-90	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	22-24
26147331-1	2015	ecto-5"-Nucleotidase (eN, CD73) catalyzes the hydrolysis of extracellular AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	81-90	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	26-30
26321267-2	2015	CD73 converts AMP to adenosine that via specific subtypes of P1 receptor mediates cytoprotection involving diverse mechanisms such as vasodilatation, suppression of inflammation, inhibition of thrombosis and anti-adrenergic effect.	Adenosine	21-30	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
26321267-4	2015	Endothelium is a major site for both CD73 mediated production of adenosine and its cytoprotective effect.	Adenosine	65-74	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	37-41
26321267-5	2015	Nucleotides (predominantly ATP or ADP) that could be released from different cells via controlled specific of unspecific mechanisms constitute a major source of substrate for adenosine production via CD73.	Adenosine	175-184	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	200-204
26321267-7	2015	Retention of nucleotides and decreased adenosine production due to loss of CD73 function may have negative implications and could be important cause of various pathologies.	Adenosine	39-48	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	75-79
26095193-3	2015	The reactivity of ADAR2 was evaluated with RNA containing the emissive adenosine analogue thieno[3,4-d]-6-aminopyrimidine ((th)A).	Adenosine	71-80	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	18-23
25902928-4	2015	Levels of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), an enzyme that converts extracellular ATP into adenosine, are markedly different between regions and correlate with adenosine signalling and the efficacy of theta pulse stimulation in reversing long-term potentiation.	Adenosine	86-95	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	10-30
25902928-4	2015	Levels of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), an enzyme that converts extracellular ATP into adenosine, are markedly different between regions and correlate with adenosine signalling and the efficacy of theta pulse stimulation in reversing long-term potentiation.	Adenosine	86-95	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	32-36
25902928-4	2015	Levels of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), an enzyme that converts extracellular ATP into adenosine, are markedly different between regions and correlate with adenosine signalling and the efficacy of theta pulse stimulation in reversing long-term potentiation.	Adenosine	155-164	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	10-30
25902928-4	2015	Levels of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), an enzyme that converts extracellular ATP into adenosine, are markedly different between regions and correlate with adenosine signalling and the efficacy of theta pulse stimulation in reversing long-term potentiation.	Adenosine	155-164	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	32-36
25902928-11	2015	Input/output curves for two connections in the piriform cortex were similar to those for the LPP, whereas adenosine modulation again correlated with levels of CD73.	Adenosine	106-115	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	159-163
25496463-11	2015	CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that tofacitinib increases the cellular levels of adenosine, which is known to have anti-inflammatory activity, through the downregulation of AMPD2.	Adenosine	80-89	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 2	Homo sapiens	172-177
25672397-3	2015	The generation of adenosine by CD73 also suppresses antitumor immune responses through the activation of A2A receptors on T cells and natural killer (NK) cells.	Adenosine	18-27	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	31-35
25725289-1	2015	Equilibrative nucleoside transporter subtype 1 (ENT1) is critical for the regulation of the biological activities of endogenous nucleosides such as adenosine, and for the cellular uptake of chemotherapeutic nucleoside analogs.	Adenosine	148-157	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-46
25725289-1	2015	Equilibrative nucleoside transporter subtype 1 (ENT1) is critical for the regulation of the biological activities of endogenous nucleosides such as adenosine, and for the cellular uptake of chemotherapeutic nucleoside analogs.	Adenosine	148-157	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	48-52
25402014-1	2015	Adenosine inhibits excitatory neurons widely in the brain through adenosine A1 receptor, but activation of adenosine A2A receptor (A2A R) has an opposite effect promoting discharge in neuronal networks.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	66-87
25587035-0	2015	Elevated adenosine signaling via adenosine A2B receptor induces normal and sickle erythrocyte sphingosine kinase 1 activity.	Adenosine	9-18	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	94-114
25587035-6	2015	Subsequently, we provide in vivo genetic evidence that adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency leads to excess plasma adenosine and elevated erythrocyte SphK1 activity.	Adenosine	55-64	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	150-155
25587035-7	2015	Lowering adenosine by ADA enzyme therapy or genetic deletion of ADORA2B significantly reduced excess adenosine-induced erythrocyte SphK1 activity in ADA-deficient mice.	Adenosine	9-18	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	131-136
25587035-7	2015	Lowering adenosine by ADA enzyme therapy or genetic deletion of ADORA2B significantly reduced excess adenosine-induced erythrocyte SphK1 activity in ADA-deficient mice.	Adenosine	101-110	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	131-136
25587035-8	2015	Finally, we revealed that protein kinase A-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation functioning downstream of ADORA2B underlies adenosine-induced erythrocyte SphK1 activity.	Adenosine	149-158	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	179-184
25403716-1	2015	The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 hydrolyze extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to generate adenosine, which binds to adenosine receptors and inhibits T-cell and natural killer (NK)-cell responses, thereby suppressing the immune system.	Adenosine	60-69	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	31-35
25403716-2	2015	The generation of adenosine via the CD39/CD73 pathway is recognized as a major mechanism of regulatory T cell (Treg) immunosuppressive function.	Adenosine	18-27	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	41-45
25403716-8	2015	CD39 in cancer cells displays ATPase activity and, together with CD73, generates adenosine.	Adenosine	81-90	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	65-69
25403716-9	2015	CD39+CD73+ cancer cells inhibited the proliferation of CD4 and CD8 T cells and the generation of cytotoxic effector CD8 T cells (CTL) in a CD39- and adenosine-dependent manner.	Adenosine	149-158	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	5-9
25675517-7	2015	Tregs produce adenosine (ADO) through ATP degradation by sequential actions of two cell surface ectonucleotidases: CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	14-23	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	124-128
25675517-7	2015	Tregs produce adenosine (ADO) through ATP degradation by sequential actions of two cell surface ectonucleotidases: CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	25-28	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	124-128
25388908-2	2015	DPP-4 bound adenosine deaminase has been shown to catalyse extracellular adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	12-21	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
25388908-3	2015	DPP-4 inhibitors increased adenosine levels by inhibiting the complex formation.	Adenosine	27-36	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
26303492-4	2015	Pharmacological inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), a key enzyme required for extracellular generation of adenosine from ATP, using alpha,beta-methylene ADP, virtually abolished the basal normocapnic single fibre discharge frequency (superfusate PO(2) ~ 300 mmHg, PCO(2) ~ 40 mmHg) and diminished the chemoafferent response to hypercapnia (PCO(2) ~ 80 mmHg).	Adenosine	113-122	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	30-50
26303492-4	2015	Pharmacological inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), a key enzyme required for extracellular generation of adenosine from ATP, using alpha,beta-methylene ADP, virtually abolished the basal normocapnic single fibre discharge frequency (superfusate PO(2) ~ 300 mmHg, PCO(2) ~ 40 mmHg) and diminished the chemoafferent response to hypercapnia (PCO(2) ~ 80 mmHg).	Adenosine	113-122	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	52-56
26303492-8	2015	These data therefore identify a functional role for CD73 derived adenosine and transmembrane adenylate cyclases, in modulating the basal chemoafferent discharge frequency and in priming the CB to hypercapnic stimulation.	Adenosine	65-74	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	52-56
25284482-1	2015	Originally studied in lymphoid diseases, cladribine (CdA) is an adenosine deaminase resistant analog of adenosine that was later discovered to induce myeloid cell apoptosis.	Adenosine	64-73	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	53-56
25691808-0	2015	Deficits in endogenous adenosine formation by ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 impair neuromuscular transmission and immune competence in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis.	Adenosine	23-32	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	46-66
25691808-0	2015	Deficits in endogenous adenosine formation by ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 impair neuromuscular transmission and immune competence in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis.	Adenosine	23-32	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	67-71
25691808-1	2015	AMP dephosphorylation via ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 is the rate limiting step to generate extracellular adenosine (ADO) from released adenine nucleotides.	Adenosine	104-113	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	26-46
25691808-1	2015	AMP dephosphorylation via ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 is the rate limiting step to generate extracellular adenosine (ADO) from released adenine nucleotides.	Adenosine	104-113	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	47-51
25691808-1	2015	AMP dephosphorylation via ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 is the rate limiting step to generate extracellular adenosine (ADO) from released adenine nucleotides.	Adenosine	115-118	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	26-46
25691808-1	2015	AMP dephosphorylation via ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 is the rate limiting step to generate extracellular adenosine (ADO) from released adenine nucleotides.	Adenosine	115-118	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	47-51
25298403-1	2014	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), encoded by NT5E, is the major enzymatic source of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	93-102	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-20
25298403-1	2014	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), encoded by NT5E, is the major enzymatic source of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	93-102	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	22-26
25298403-1	2014	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), encoded by NT5E, is the major enzymatic source of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	93-102	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	40-44
25126879-2	2014	CD73/ecto-5"-nucleotidase is an enzyme that generates adenosine, which dampens inflammation and improves vascular barrier function in several disease models.	Adenosine	54-63	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	0-4
25126879-2	2014	CD73/ecto-5"-nucleotidase is an enzyme that generates adenosine, which dampens inflammation and improves vascular barrier function in several disease models.	Adenosine	54-63	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	5-25
25675814-0	2014	[Immune regulation via the generation of extracellular adenosine by CD73].	Adenosine	55-64	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	68-72
25315414-1	2014	rCNT2 is a purine-preferring concentrative nucleoside transporter implicated in the regulation of extracellular adenosine levels and purinergic signaling.	Adenosine	112-121	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
24355598-1	2014	TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) pathology and reduced expression of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 (ADAR2), which is the RNA editing enzyme responsible for adenosine-to-inosine conversion at the GluA2 glutamine/arginine (Q/R) site, concomitantly occur in the same motor neurons of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients; this finding suggests a link between these two ALS-specific molecular abnormalities.	Adenosine	69-78	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	106-111
24355598-1	2014	TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) pathology and reduced expression of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 (ADAR2), which is the RNA editing enzyme responsible for adenosine-to-inosine conversion at the GluA2 glutamine/arginine (Q/R) site, concomitantly occur in the same motor neurons of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients; this finding suggests a link between these two ALS-specific molecular abnormalities.	Adenosine	69-78	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Homo sapiens	201-206
25082853-2	2014	Blockade of adenosine 2A (A(2A)) receptors facilitates dopamine D(2) receptor function.	Adenosine	12-21	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	55-77
25127858-1	2014	There is growing evidence that generation of adenosine from ATP, which is mediated by the CD39/CD73 enzyme pair, predetermines immunosuppressive and proangiogenic properties of myeloid cells.	Adenosine	45-54	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	95-99
25124273-5	2014	Data from genetic HD models indicate that mutant huntingtin disrupts mitochondrial bioenergetics and prevents adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation, implying altered energy metabolism as an important component of HD pathogenesis.	Adenosine	110-119	huntingtin	Homo sapiens	49-59
24958495-2	2014	In this context, a critical role of CD73, in calibrating the duration, magnitude and composition of adenosine signaling in cancer development and progression, has been identified.	Adenosine	100-109	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	36-40
24477600-8	2014	Moreover, adenosine inhibited thrombin-induced elevated expression of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and HMGB-1; and chemokines, MCP-1, CXCL-1, and CXCL-3.	Adenosine	10-19	high mobility group box 1	Homo sapiens	106-112
24894822-1	2014	Cluster of differentiation 73 (CD73) is an ecto-5" nucleotidase which catalyzes the conversion of AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	105-114	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	43-63
25221554-4	2014	The second mechanism is the metabolism of extracellular ATP to adenosine by the ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	63-72	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	101-105
25110019-2	2014	For instance, enzymes of the ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) family convert adenosine residues into inosine in cellular dsRNAs.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	29-33
24679603-1	2014	Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a base recoding process within precursor messenger RNA, catalyzed by members of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) family.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	129-162
24679603-1	2014	Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a base recoding process within precursor messenger RNA, catalyzed by members of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) family.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	164-168
25071765-2	2014	The immunosuppression by endogenously-produced adenosine is pathophysiologically significant since inactivation of A2A/A2B adenosine receptor (A2AR/A2BR) and adenosine-producing ecto-enzymes CD39/CD73 results in the higher intensity of immune response and exaggeration of inflammatory damage.	Adenosine	47-56	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	143-147
25071765-2	2014	The immunosuppression by endogenously-produced adenosine is pathophysiologically significant since inactivation of A2A/A2B adenosine receptor (A2AR/A2BR) and adenosine-producing ecto-enzymes CD39/CD73 results in the higher intensity of immune response and exaggeration of inflammatory damage.	Adenosine	47-56	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	191-195
25071765-2	2014	The immunosuppression by endogenously-produced adenosine is pathophysiologically significant since inactivation of A2A/A2B adenosine receptor (A2AR/A2BR) and adenosine-producing ecto-enzymes CD39/CD73 results in the higher intensity of immune response and exaggeration of inflammatory damage.	Adenosine	123-132	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	143-147
25071765-6	2014	Thus, adenosine is not only directly and instantly inhibiting to the immune response through interaction with A2AR/A2BR on the effector cells, but also adenosine signaling can recruit other immunoregulatory mechanisms, including Tregs.	Adenosine	6-15	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	110-114
24808540-0	2014	Role of 2",3"-cyclic nucleotide 3"-phosphodiesterase in the renal 2",3"-cAMP-adenosine pathway.	Adenosine	77-86	2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase	Rattus norvegicus	8-52
24808540-2	2014	Because the enzymes involved in this "2",3"-cAMP-adenosine pathway" are unknown, we examined whether 2",3"-cyclic nucleotide 3"-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) participates in the renal metabolism of 2",3"-cAMP.	Adenosine	49-58	2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase	Rattus norvegicus	147-153
24990240-5	2014	Among the coadjuvants are (i) antagonists of A2AR, (ii) extracellular adenosine-degrading drugs, (iii) inhibitors of adenosine generation by CD39/CD73 ectoenzymes, and (iv) inhibitors of hypoxia-HIF-1alpha signaling.	Adenosine	117-126	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	141-145
24838375-3	2014	CD39, the dominant vascular nucleotidase, hydrolyzes ATP and ADP to provide the substrate for generation of the anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic mediator adenosine.	Adenosine	158-167	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
24871693-6	2014	This review illustrates the involvement of adenosine and its four receptors, A1R, A2AR, A2BR and A3R, in the complex regulation of cellular and molecular cross talk that contributes to cancer progression.	Adenosine	43-52	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	82-86
24813734-0	2014	Adenosine analogue inhibitors of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	33-65
24813734-3	2014	Hcy is produced by the cytosolic enzyme S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AHCY), which converts S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) to Hcy and adenosine.	Adenosine	136-145	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	40-72
24813734-3	2014	Hcy is produced by the cytosolic enzyme S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AHCY), which converts S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) to Hcy and adenosine.	Adenosine	136-145	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	74-78
24872359-8	2014	Because guanosine is metabolized by purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNPase), in another set of 16 kidneys we examined the effects of 8-aminoguanine (PNPase inhibitor) on renal venous levels of adenosine and inosine (adenosine metabolite).	Adenosine	194-203	purine-nucleoside phosphorylase	Mus musculus	150-156
24924894-0	2014	[Effects of adenosine on hMLH1 methylation of human colorectal cancer cells].	Adenosine	12-21	mutL homolog 1	Homo sapiens	25-30
24924894-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of adenosine on hMLH1 methylation of human colorectal cancer cells.	Adenosine	37-46	mutL homolog 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
24924894-2	2014	METHODS: The SW480 cells were treated with adenosine at the concentrations of 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 mmol/L for 72 h. The hMLH1 methylation levels of CpG islands were detected by bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction (BSP), hMLH1 mRNA expression levels by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the expression levels of hMLH1 protein by Western blot and the apoptotic rates by flow cytometry (FCM).	Adenosine	43-52	mutL homolog 1	Homo sapiens	116-121
24924894-2	2014	METHODS: The SW480 cells were treated with adenosine at the concentrations of 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 mmol/L for 72 h. The hMLH1 methylation levels of CpG islands were detected by bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction (BSP), hMLH1 mRNA expression levels by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the expression levels of hMLH1 protein by Western blot and the apoptotic rates by flow cytometry (FCM).	Adenosine	43-52	mutL homolog 1	Homo sapiens	227-232
24924894-2	2014	METHODS: The SW480 cells were treated with adenosine at the concentrations of 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 mmol/L for 72 h. The hMLH1 methylation levels of CpG islands were detected by bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction (BSP), hMLH1 mRNA expression levels by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the expression levels of hMLH1 protein by Western blot and the apoptotic rates by flow cytometry (FCM).	Adenosine	43-52	mutL homolog 1	Homo sapiens	227-232
24924894-4	2014	RESULTS: After a 72 h treatment of adenosine, the hMLH1 promoter methylation levels of 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 mmol/L groups were 65% +- 4%, 45% +- 11% and 16% +- 4% respectively and were all significantly lower than that of the control group (80% +- 4%, all P &lt; 0.01).	Adenosine	35-44	mutL homolog 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
24924894-7	2014	CONCLUSION: Adenosine can reverse the abnormal methylation of hMLH1 CpG island and promote the expression of hMLH1 so as to restrain the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of colocectal cancer cells.	Adenosine	12-21	mutL homolog 1	Homo sapiens	62-67
24924894-7	2014	CONCLUSION: Adenosine can reverse the abnormal methylation of hMLH1 CpG island and promote the expression of hMLH1 so as to restrain the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of colocectal cancer cells.	Adenosine	12-21	mutL homolog 1	Homo sapiens	109-114
24431031-6	2014	Our other studies on the metabolic impact of AMPD1 C34T mutation revealed decrease in AMPD activity, increased production of adenosine and de-inhibition of AMP regulated protein kinase.	Adenosine	125-134	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	45-50
24431031-6	2014	Our other studies on the metabolic impact of AMPD1 C34T mutation revealed decrease in AMPD activity, increased production of adenosine and de-inhibition of AMP regulated protein kinase.	Adenosine	125-134	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	45-49
24434023-0	2014	The HIF-2alpha dependent induction of PAP and adenosine synthesis regulates glioblastoma stem cell function through the A2B adenosine receptor.	Adenosine	46-55	endothelial PAS domain protein 1	Homo sapiens	4-14
24433848-6	2014	In the brain, the most abundant adenosine receptors are A1R and A2AR.	Adenosine	32-41	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	64-68
24873156-7	2014	CONCLUSION: Adenosine may affect the progression of inflammation by regulating the expressions of the cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-10 in ABP rats through the adenosine receptor signaling pathway.	Adenosine	12-21	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	126-131
23982901-1	2014	CD73 is an ecto-nucleotidase overexpressed in various types of tumors that catabolizes the generation of extracellular adenosine, a potent immunosuppressor.	Adenosine	119-128	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
23982901-2	2014	We and others have shown that targeted blockade of CD73 can rescue anti-tumor T cells from the immunosuppressive effects of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	138-147	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	51-55
24413089-5	2014	Subsequent analyses revealed that the combination of KRas activation and Atg5 inactivation favors the expression of ENTPD1/CD39, an ecto-ATPase that initiates the conversion of extracellular ATP, which is immunostimulatory, into adenosine, which is immunosuppressive.	Adenosine	229-238	Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog	Mus musculus	53-57
23787765-2	2014	Tregs express CD39, an ectonucleotidase responsible for extracellular nucleotide hydrolysis, culminating in the production of immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	144-153	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
24262796-0	2014	CD73-dependent generation of adenosine and endothelial Adora2b signaling attenuate diabetic nephropathy.	Adenosine	29-38	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
24262796-1	2014	Nucleotide phosphohydrolysis by the ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) is the main source for extracellular generation of adenosine.	Adenosine	115-124	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	36-56
24262796-1	2014	Nucleotide phosphohydrolysis by the ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) is the main source for extracellular generation of adenosine.	Adenosine	115-124	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	58-62
24262796-3	2014	Here, we hypothesized a functional role for CD73-dependent generation and concomitant signaling of extracellular adenosine during diabetic nephropathy.	Adenosine	113-122	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	44-48
24262796-10	2014	Taken together, these findings implicate CD73-dependent production of extracellular adenosine and endothelial Adora2b signaling in kidney protection during diabetic nephropathy.	Adenosine	84-93	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	41-45
24429288-6	2014	The NudP ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity is reminiscent of the reactions performed by the mammalian ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 involved in regulating the extracellular level of ATP and adenosine.	Adenosine	188-197	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	116-120
24600452-2	2014	Nucleotides such as adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate are release from injured and necrotic cells and hydrolyzed to adenosine monophosphate and adenosine by the concerted action of the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	20-29	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	218-222
24485196-1	2014	BACKGROUND: RNA editing by adenosine to inosine deamination is a widespread phenomenon, particularly frequent in the human transcriptome, largely due to the presence of inverted Alu repeats and their ability to form double-stranded structures--a requisite for ADAR editing.	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	260-264
24269557-7	2014	Rather, alpha7 nAChR activation induced expression of c-Fos and brain-derived neurotrophic factor and phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding and neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase type 2.	Adenosine	128-137	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	8-20
24213679-5	2014	A subset of iTreg expressing ectonucleotidases, CD39 and CD73, is able to hydrolyze ATP to 5"-AMP and adenosine (ADO) and thus mediate suppression of those immune cells which express ADO receptors.	Adenosine	102-111	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
24213679-5	2014	A subset of iTreg expressing ectonucleotidases, CD39 and CD73, is able to hydrolyze ATP to 5"-AMP and adenosine (ADO) and thus mediate suppression of those immune cells which express ADO receptors.	Adenosine	113-116	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
25132733-4	2014	The neuromodulator adenosine emerges as a promising targeting candidate based on its ability to regulate microglial proliferation, chemotaxis, and reactivity through the activation of its G protein coupled A2A receptor (A2AR).	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	206-218
25132733-4	2014	The neuromodulator adenosine emerges as a promising targeting candidate based on its ability to regulate microglial proliferation, chemotaxis, and reactivity through the activation of its G protein coupled A2A receptor (A2AR).	Adenosine	19-28	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	220-224
24940685-8	2014	Following addition of AMP, production of adenosine in the medium of E5NT/ENTPD1- and E5NT- transfected cells increased to 14.2+-1.1 and 24.5+-3.4 muM respectively while it remained below 1 muM in controls and in ENTPD1-transfected cells.	Adenosine	41-50	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	212-218
24266925-0	2013	Extracellular generation of adenosine by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 promotes dermal fibrosis.	Adenosine	28-37	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	72-76
24266925-2	2013	Adenosine may be formed intracellularly from adenine nucleotides or extracellularly through sequential phosphohydrolysis of released ATP by nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	194-214
24266925-2	2013	Adenosine may be formed intracellularly from adenine nucleotides or extracellularly through sequential phosphohydrolysis of released ATP by nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	216-220
24266925-6	2013	Adenosine release from skin cultured ex vivo was increased in wild-type mice after bleomycin treatment but remained low in skin from CD39KO, CD73KO, or CD39/CD73DKO bleomycin-treated mice.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	141-147
23922379-3	2013	As adenosine is known to regulate classically activated M1 and IL4- and IL-13-activated M2a macrophages, the goal of the present study was to explore its effects on M2c macrophages.	Adenosine	3-12	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	63-77
24259587-6	2013	Furthermore, our electrophysiological analysis showed that CSF levels (40-400 nm) of adenosine or synthetic A1R agonists with comparable potencies blocked mGluR1-mediated long-term depression of the postsynaptic glutamate-responsiveness (glu-LTD) of cultured Purkinje cells.	Adenosine	85-94	glutamate receptor, metabotropic 1	Mus musculus	155-161
24256817-1	2013	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes convert adenosine (A) to inosine (I) in double-stranded (ds) RNAs.	Adenosine	57-66	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-33
24256817-1	2013	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes convert adenosine (A) to inosine (I) in double-stranded (ds) RNAs.	Adenosine	57-66	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	35-39
24145419-4	2013	The two evolved cell lines showed different frameshift mutations in a stretch of eight adenosines in ACE2, which encodes a transcriptional regulator involved in cell cycle control and mother-daughter cell separation.	Adenosine	87-97	DNA-binding transcription factor ACE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	101-105
25414802-1	2013	Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA (ADARs) have been studied in many animal phyla, where they have been shown to deaminate specific adenosines into inosines in duplex mRNA regions.	Adenosine	132-142	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA	Drosophila melanogaster	0-34
23856527-4	2013	A2a (A2aR) and, partially, A2bR receptors mediate the adenosine-induced immune-suppression, which markedly facilitates tumor development/progression.	Adenosine	54-63	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	5-9
23681904-0	2013	Adenosine signaling inhibits CIITA-mediated MHC class II transactivation in lung fibroblast cells.	Adenosine	0-9	class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator	Homo sapiens	29-34
23681904-9	2013	MRS-1754 blocked the antagonism of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) in CIITA induction by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), alluding to a potential dialogue between TGF-beta and adenosine signaling pathways.	Adenosine	184-193	class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator	Homo sapiens	81-86
23874596-4	2013	In this assay, T-705 RTP was recognized by IAVpol as an efficient substrate for incorporation to the RNA both as a guanosine and an adenosine analog.	Adenosine	132-141	MORN repeat containing 4	Homo sapiens	21-24
23825434-0	2013	Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase acts redundantly with PAP and NT5E to generate adenosine in the dorsal spinal cord.	Adenosine	87-96	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	70-74
23825434-1	2013	Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E) hydrolyze extracellular AMP to adenosine in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and in the dorsal spinal cord.	Adenosine	96-105	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	37-57
22062893-2	2013	In endothelium, cell surface adenosine deaminase (ADA) complexing CD26 is coordinately induced during ischaemia as part of an adaptative response by eliminating adenosine.	Adenosine	29-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-70
23601906-1	2013	The enzymatic activities of CD39 and CD73 play strategic roles in calibrating the duration, magnitude, and chemical nature of purinergic signals delivered to immune cells through the conversion of ADP/ATP to AMP and AMP to adenosine, respectively.	Adenosine	223-232	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	28-32
23678122-7	2013	Thereby, we demonstrate that ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5e) is specifically expressed in STP neurons and is at the origin of most of the extracellular adenosine produced in the striatum.	Adenosine	148-157	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	29-49
23678122-7	2013	Thereby, we demonstrate that ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5e) is specifically expressed in STP neurons and is at the origin of most of the extracellular adenosine produced in the striatum.	Adenosine	148-157	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	51-55
22974014-5	2013	The ADAR1 protein catalyzes the transformation of adenosine to inosine in dsRNA substrates (so-called A-to-I editing) and is involved in various activities, such as viral inactivation, structural change of the protein and the resultant cell survival.	Adenosine	50-59	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	4-9
23830401-6	2013	To this aim, we analyzed the expression of CD39 (ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1, ENTPD1) and CD73 (ecto-5-nucleotidase, NT5E), the main pathway for adenosine generation, in samples obtained from women with RPL.	Adenosine	166-175	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	49-97
23830401-7	2013	The study included the evaluation of the expression of TNF-alpha (a pro-inflammatory cytokine) and of an alternative pathway of adenosine generation run by CD38 (ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase) and PC-1 (ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1, ENPP1).	Adenosine	128-137	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	156-160
23363456-2	2013	The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is also highly involved in HD and whose effects are modulated by adenosine A2 ARs, influences the activity and expression of striatal NMDA receptors.	Adenosine	130-139	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	17-50
23363456-2	2013	The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is also highly involved in HD and whose effects are modulated by adenosine A2 ARs, influences the activity and expression of striatal NMDA receptors.	Adenosine	130-139	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	52-56
23040372-0	2013	A method for fluorescence sensing of adenosine and alkaline phosphatase based on the inhibition of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase activity.	Adenosine	37-46	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	99-131
23040372-5	2013	The addition of adenosine to an SAH solution resulted in the inhibition of SAHH activity.	Adenosine	16-25	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	75-79
23040372-7	2013	Under optimal NDA derivatization conditions, the SAHH-based probe showed a limit of detection (at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3) for adenosine of 0.3 muM.	Adenosine	132-141	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	49-53
23040372-8	2013	Selectivity of the SAHH-based probe is more than 100-fold for adenosine over any adenosine analog.	Adenosine	62-71	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	19-23
23040372-8	2013	Selectivity of the SAHH-based probe is more than 100-fold for adenosine over any adenosine analog.	Adenosine	81-90	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	19-23
23040372-10	2013	The SAHH-based probe was also used to evaluate the activity and inhibition of alkaline phosphatase, which can convert adenosine monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	118-127	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	4-8
23363775-8	2013	Notably, removing endogenous extracellular adenosine or blocking A2AR prevented the LPS-mediated increase of both BDNF secretion and proliferation, as well as exogenous BDNF-induced proliferation.	Adenosine	43-52	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	114-118
23363775-8	2013	Notably, removing endogenous extracellular adenosine or blocking A2AR prevented the LPS-mediated increase of both BDNF secretion and proliferation, as well as exogenous BDNF-induced proliferation.	Adenosine	43-52	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	169-173
23847753-7	2013	These results are consistent with a lack of a reserve of functional A2AR on human lymphocytes as a general rule and suggest that the amount and functional state of the expressed A2AR determine the maximal level of the lymphocyte response to adenosine.	Adenosine	241-250	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	178-182
22988118-0	2012	CD73-generated adenosine facilitates Toxoplasma gondii differentiation to long-lived tissue cysts in the central nervous system.	Adenosine	15-24	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
22988118-5	2012	Here, we show that CD73(-/-) mice, which lack the ability to generate extracellular adenosine, are protected from T. gondii chronic infection, with significantly fewer cysts and reduced susceptibility to reactivation of infection in the CNS independent of host effector function.	Adenosine	84-93	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	19-23
22988118-8	2012	Cyst formation was rescued in CD73(-/-) astrocytes supplemented with adenosine, but not with adenosine receptor agonist 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine.	Adenosine	69-78	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	30-34
22988118-10	2012	Based on these findings, we conclude that CD73 expression promotes Toxoplasma bradyzoite differentiation and cyst formation by a mechanism dependent on the generation of adenosine, but independent of adenosine receptor signaling.	Adenosine	170-179	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	42-46
22883932-7	2012	Conversely, mice that cannot synthesize extracellular adenosine (CD73-/- mice) do not upregulate CX3CL1 in the brain following EAE induction and are protected from EAE development and its associated lymphocyte infiltration.	Adenosine	54-63	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	65-69
22934258-9	2012	However, ADA activity in patients" CD4(+)CD39(neg) Teff was decreased (p &lt; 0.05), resulting in extracellular adenosine accumulation.	Adenosine	112-121	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	41-45
23122642-4	2012	Based on the similarities of GACI, PXE, CALJA, and IBGC, it can be speculated that the underlying disease genes-ENPP1, ABCC6, NT5E, and SLC20A2, respectively-drive a cohesive molecular pathophysiology system modulated by ATP metabolism, inorganic pyrophosphate, adenosine, and inorganic phosphate generation and functional activities.	Adenosine	262-271	solute carrier family 20 member 2	Homo sapiens	136-143
22678911-8	2012	We propose that CD69 expression on CD39(+)  Treg cells enables them to interact with CD73-expressing CD8(+)  T cells to generate adenosine, thereby suppressing cytotoxicity.	Adenosine	129-138	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	35-39
22652658-6	2012	Finally, Hcy in combination with Ade reduced the mRNA levels of VEGF, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and attenuated protein levels of VEGF, ERK1/2 and Akt.	Adenosine	33-36	vascular endothelial growth factor Aa	Danio rerio	64-68
22652658-6	2012	Finally, Hcy in combination with Ade reduced the mRNA levels of VEGF, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and attenuated protein levels of VEGF, ERK1/2 and Akt.	Adenosine	33-36	fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Danio rerio	70-77
22652658-6	2012	Finally, Hcy in combination with Ade reduced the mRNA levels of VEGF, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and attenuated protein levels of VEGF, ERK1/2 and Akt.	Adenosine	33-36	vascular endothelial growth factor Aa	Danio rerio	70-74
22438472-8	2012	The involvement of the extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway in beta(2)-AR signaling would provide a negative feedback loop that may limit stimulatory G protein-coupled receptor positive inotropism and potential deleterious effects of excessive contractile response.	Adenosine	42-51	adrenergic receptor, beta 2	Mus musculus	63-73
22262774-4	2012	We used gene-targeted mice and a pharmacologic inhibitor to test the role of adenosine generated by CD73/ecto-5"-nucleotidase in GVHD.	Adenosine	77-86	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	100-104
22262774-4	2012	We used gene-targeted mice and a pharmacologic inhibitor to test the role of adenosine generated by CD73/ecto-5"-nucleotidase in GVHD.	Adenosine	77-86	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	105-125
22262774-8	2012	A2A receptor deficiency led to increased numbers of allogeneic T cells, suggesting that signaling through the A2A receptor via CD73-generated adenosine is a significant part of the mechanism by which CD73 limits the severity of GVHD.	Adenosine	142-151	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	127-131
22262774-8	2012	A2A receptor deficiency led to increased numbers of allogeneic T cells, suggesting that signaling through the A2A receptor via CD73-generated adenosine is a significant part of the mechanism by which CD73 limits the severity of GVHD.	Adenosine	142-151	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	200-204
22396496-1	2012	CD73 is a cell surface 5"-nucleotidase that converts AMP to adenosine, an immune suppressive molecule.	Adenosine	60-69	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
22278222-1	2012	ADAR1, the interferon (IFN)-inducible adenosine deaminase acting on RNA, catalyzes the C-6 deamination of adenosine (A) to produce inosine (I) in RNA substrates with a double-stranded character.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-5
22423104-5	2012	Here, we have used mice that lack the CD73 gene (encoding ecto-5"-nucleotidase that converts AMP to adenosine) to test whether action potential-dependent adenosine release in the cerebellum depends on prior ATP release.	Adenosine	100-109	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	58-78
22041582-2	2012	We have previously reported that adenosine- and cytosine-based glucopyranosyl nucleoside analogues with adequate tumour-inhibitory effect could effectively inhibit PARN.	Adenosine	33-42	poly(A)-specific ribonuclease	Homo sapiens	164-168
22759968-8	2012	CONCLUSION: The results of the present study show that adenosine upregulates p53 expression via A(3) adenosine receptor, to promote p53-dependent Noxa gene transcription, causing activation of caspase-9 and the effector caspase-3 to induce Lu-65 cell apoptosis.	Adenosine	55-64	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	193-202
21728134-1	2012	Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) catalyze adenosine to inosine editing within double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) substrates.	Adenosine	51-60	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-34
21728134-1	2012	Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) catalyze adenosine to inosine editing within double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) substrates.	Adenosine	51-60	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	36-40
21538184-0	2011	Adenosine reduces cell surface expression of toll-like receptor 4 and inflammation in response to lipopolysaccharide and matrix products.	Adenosine	0-9	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	45-65
21538184-7	2011	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha production induced by the TLR4 ligands LPS, hyaluronic acid, and heparan sulfate was potently inhibited by Ado (-75% for LPS, P &lt; 0.005).	Adenosine	135-138	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	54-58
21538184-9	2011	In contrast, Ado induced a 3-fold increase of TLR4 mRNA expression (P = 0.008), revealing the existence of a feedback mechanism to compensate for the loss of TLR4 expression at the cell surface.	Adenosine	13-16	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	46-50
21538184-9	2011	In contrast, Ado induced a 3-fold increase of TLR4 mRNA expression (P = 0.008), revealing the existence of a feedback mechanism to compensate for the loss of TLR4 expression at the cell surface.	Adenosine	13-16	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	158-162
21955554-2	2011	This study therefore explored the role of CD73-derived adenosine in a model of chronic vascular inflammation such as atherogenesis.	Adenosine	55-64	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	42-46
21955554-13	2011	This establishes CD73-derived adenosine as a direct or indirect regulator of atherogenesis.	Adenosine	30-39	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	17-21
21985365-2	2011	Adenosine, mediated via CD39 and CD73, has been shown to play a role in the action of murine T(regs) .	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	33-37
21729107-4	2011	The extracellular adenosine-producing pathway comprises two major enzymes CD39 (ATP   ADP   AMP) and CD73 (AMP   Adenosine).	Adenosine	18-27	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	74-78
21918191-2	2011	In this study, we investigated the role of the adenosine-generating ectoenzyme, ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), in regulating immune and organ function during sepsis.	Adenosine	47-56	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	80-100
21918191-2	2011	In this study, we investigated the role of the adenosine-generating ectoenzyme, ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), in regulating immune and organ function during sepsis.	Adenosine	47-56	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	102-106
21638125-7	2011	In vitro, human OvCA cell lines SK-OV-3 and OaW42 as well as 11/15 ascites-derived primary OvCA cell cultures expressed both functional CD39 and CD73 leading to more efficient depletion of extracellular ATP and enhanced generation of adenosine as compared to activated T(reg).	Adenosine	234-243	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	136-140
21638125-8	2011	Functional assays using siRNAs against CD39 and CD73 or pharmacological inhibitors of CD39, CD73 and ADORA2A revealed that tumour-derived adenosine inhibits the proliferation of allogeneic human CD4(+) T cells in co-culture with OvCA cells as well as cytotoxic T cell priming and NK cell cytotoxicity against SK-OV3 or OAW42 cells.	Adenosine	138-147	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	39-43
21638125-8	2011	Functional assays using siRNAs against CD39 and CD73 or pharmacological inhibitors of CD39, CD73 and ADORA2A revealed that tumour-derived adenosine inhibits the proliferation of allogeneic human CD4(+) T cells in co-culture with OvCA cells as well as cytotoxic T cell priming and NK cell cytotoxicity against SK-OV3 or OAW42 cells.	Adenosine	138-147	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	86-90
21638125-8	2011	Functional assays using siRNAs against CD39 and CD73 or pharmacological inhibitors of CD39, CD73 and ADORA2A revealed that tumour-derived adenosine inhibits the proliferation of allogeneic human CD4(+) T cells in co-culture with OvCA cells as well as cytotoxic T cell priming and NK cell cytotoxicity against SK-OV3 or OAW42 cells.	Adenosine	138-147	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	101-108
21924887-5	2011	ADAR1 catalyzes the deamination of adenosine (A) in RNA with double-stranded (ds) character, leading to the destabilization of RNA duplex structures and genetic recoding.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-5
21770045-1	2011	Levels of anti-inflammatory extracellular adenosine are controlled by the sequential action of the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, whose expression in CD4(+)  T cells has been associated with natural regulatory T cells (nTregs).	Adenosine	42-51	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	126-130
21770045-2	2011	We here show that CD73 expression on activated murine CD4(+)  T cells is induced by TGF-beta independently of Foxp3 expression, operates at the transcriptional level and translates into gain of functional capacity to generate adenosine.	Adenosine	226-235	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	18-22
21770045-3	2011	In the presence of AMP, CD73 induced by TGF-beta generates adenosine able to suppress proliferation of activated CD4(+)  T cells in vitro.	Adenosine	59-68	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	24-28
21770045-5	2011	CD73 is also upregulated by TGF-beta in CD8(+)  T cells, DCs and macrophages, so providing an amplification mechanism for adenosine generation in tissue microenvironments.	Adenosine	122-131	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
21840298-4	2011	In amperometric studies, acute hypoxia and high K+ (30 mM) evoked quantal CAT secretion that was enhanced after CHox, and further potentiated during simultaneous A2aR activation by adenosine.	Adenosine	181-190	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	162-166
21062422-0	2011	Adenosine elicits an eNOS-independent reduction in arterial blood pressure in conscious mice that involves adenosine A2A receptors.	Adenosine	0-9	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	21-25
21062422-11	2011	CONCLUSION: In conclusion, acute adenosine administration and selective stimulation of adenosine A(2A) receptors results in an immediate, transient eNOS-independent reduction in MAP.	Adenosine	33-42	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	148-152
21653635-8	2011	However, 3",5"-cAMP induced a 6.7-fold greater increase in 5"-AMP, an attenuated increase (61% reduction) in inosine and a similar increase in adenosine in CD73 -/- vs. CD73 +/+ kidneys.	Adenosine	143-152	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	156-160
21506953-7	2011	In contrast, the inhibitory action of adenosine was mimicked by the non-specific A2 AR agonist CV1808 and attenuated by A(2B) AR antagonists PSB1115 and MRS1760.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	81-86
21566208-4	2011	Subsequently, we determined that ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) is a key enzyme required for the production of elevated adenosine from ATP released by shear-stressed endothelial cells.	Adenosine	117-126	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	33-53
21566208-4	2011	Subsequently, we determined that ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) is a key enzyme required for the production of elevated adenosine from ATP released by shear-stressed endothelial cells.	Adenosine	117-126	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	55-59
21566208-5	2011	Mechanistically, we demonstrate that shear stress-mediated elevated adenosine functions through the adenosine A(2B) receptor (A(2B)R) to activate the PI3K/AKT signaling cascade and subsequent increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation.	Adenosine	68-77	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	202-235
21595838-0	2011	Impaired erectile function in CD73-deficient mice with reduced endogenous penile adenosine production.	Adenosine	81-90	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	30-34
21595838-8	2011	MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: The main outcome measures of this study were the in vivo assessment of initiation and maintenance of penile erection in WT mice and mice with deficiency in CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase), a key cell-surface enzyme to produce extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	262-271	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	188-208
21595838-13	2011	CONCLUSION: Overall, our findings demonstrate that CD73-dependent production of endogenous adenosine plays a direct role in initiation and maintenance of penile erection.	Adenosine	91-100	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	51-55
21677139-0	2011	Cancer exosomes express CD39 and CD73, which suppress T cells through adenosine production.	Adenosine	70-79	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
21677139-8	2011	This exosome-generated adenosine can trigger a cAMP response in adenosine A(2A) receptor-positive but not A(2A) receptor-negative cells.	Adenosine	23-32	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	64-88
21697598-0	2011	High-resolution X-ray structure of the rabbit histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (rHINT1)-adenosine complex at 1.10 A resolution.	Adenosine	100-109	adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidase HINT1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	46-90
21697598-3	2011	Here, the first complete structure of the rabbit HINT1-adenosine complex is reported at 1.10 A resolution, which is one of the highest resolutions obtained for a HINT1 structure.	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidase HINT1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	49-54
21697598-3	2011	Here, the first complete structure of the rabbit HINT1-adenosine complex is reported at 1.10 A resolution, which is one of the highest resolutions obtained for a HINT1 structure.	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidase HINT1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	162-167
21513753-9	2011	Adenosine limits the oxidative stress response of PMNs after PFs through an upregulation of the adenosine A2(A) receptor function.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	96-120
21501622-1	2011	The adenosine A(2A) receptor (A(2A)R) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that plays a key role in transmembrane signalling mediated by the agonist adenosine.	Adenosine	4-13	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	30-36
21334141-3	2011	We hypothesised that iNOS inhibition prevents formation of excessive reactive nitrogen species and attenuates the activation of poly(ADP) (poly(adenosine diphosphate)) ribose polymerase, thus mitigating the severity of acute lung injury in sheep subjected to combined burn and smoke inhalation.	Adenosine	144-153	nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Ovis aries	21-25
21586167-13	2011	Several other AdK mutants were altered in surface residues that likely affect its binding to the adenosine analogs and its interaction with other cellular proteins.	Adenosine	97-106	adenosine kinase	Cricetulus griseus	14-17
21289159-1	2011	The adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes catalyse conversion of adenosine to inosine in dsRNA.	Adenosine	4-13	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	40-44
21339747-8	2011	The addition of MTX and adenosine together markedly suppressed the level of OPG expression.	Adenosine	24-33	TNF receptor superfamily member 11B	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
20537740-5	2011	RESULTS: Decreased mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were observed in 39 and 43 patients in the iloprost group, and in 16 and 19 patients in the adenosine group, respectively.	Adenosine	190-199	PVR cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	93-96
21078670-6	2011	The altered phenotypic landscape in our adar hypomorph is paralleled by an unexpected dichotomous response of ADAR target transcripts, i.e. certain adenosines are minimally affected by dramatic ADAR reduction, whereas editing of others is severely curtailed.	Adenosine	148-158	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA	Drosophila melanogaster	40-44
21078670-6	2011	The altered phenotypic landscape in our adar hypomorph is paralleled by an unexpected dichotomous response of ADAR target transcripts, i.e. certain adenosines are minimally affected by dramatic ADAR reduction, whereas editing of others is severely curtailed.	Adenosine	148-158	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA	Drosophila melanogaster	110-114
21390184-2	2011	CD39/ENTPD1 is the dominant ectonucleotidase expressed by endothelial cells and regulatory T cells and catalyzes the sequential hydrolysis of ATP to AMP that is further degraded to adenosine by CD73/ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	181-190	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	194-198
21390184-2	2011	CD39/ENTPD1 is the dominant ectonucleotidase expressed by endothelial cells and regulatory T cells and catalyzes the sequential hydrolysis of ATP to AMP that is further degraded to adenosine by CD73/ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	181-190	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	199-219
20946348-6	2011	The addition of adenosine together with the MP significantly inhibited ATP depletion without preventing PCD; however, when the cells were treated with the MP plus CAT, ROS overproduction was blocked and PCD did not occur.	Adenosine	16-25	catalase isozyme 1	Nicotiana tabacum	163-166
21325824-10	2011	CONCLUSION: Adenosine activates AMPK, to disrupt mitochondrial membrane potentials through Bcl-X(L) phosphorylation, allowing DIABLO release from the mitochondria, as a factor for caspase-3 activation to induce HuH-7 cell apoptosis.	Adenosine	12-21	diablo IAP-binding mitochondrial protein	Homo sapiens	126-132
21763644-3	2011	T(reg)-mediated generation of adenosine, dependent on the ectonucleotidase CD39, is an important mechanism for suppression of T-cell responses.	Adenosine	30-39	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	75-79
21763644-10	2011	In contrast to healthy controls and lupus subjects without the CD39 defect, in SLE subjects with the CD39 defect, adenosine-dependent T(reg)-mediated suppression was nearly absent.	Adenosine	114-123	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	101-105
21176405-4	2011	We here demonstrate that the surface molecule CD39 is coexpressed in concert with CD73 on murine MSCs catalyzing the generation of adenosine, which can directly act on activated T cells via the adenosine A2A  receptor.	Adenosine	131-140	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	82-86
21211004-3	2011	In addition, we studied whether subjects with the common 34C &gt; T nonsense variant (rs17602729) of adenosine monophosphate deaminase (AMPD1), which predicts increased adenosine formation, have less inflammation-induced injury.	Adenosine	101-110	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	136-141
21211004-6	2011	RESULTS: The increase in adenosine levels tended to be more pronounced in the subjects heterozygous for the AMPD1 34C &gt; T variant (71 +- 22%, P=0.04), compared to placebo- (59 +- 29%, P=0.012) and caffeine-treated (53 +- 47%, P=0.29) subjects, but this difference between groups did not reach statistical significance.	Adenosine	25-34	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	108-113
20981542-3	2011	In this family, the newly reported mutation, guanine-to-adenosine at position 947 in the KCNQ1 gene, exhibits a dominant trait of LQTS with complete penetrance, in contrast to the relatively reduced clinical penetrance found in most LQTS cases.	Adenosine	56-65	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1	Homo sapiens	89-94
21560049-3	2011	These original studies launched the development of murine strains for the two major ectonucleotidases responsible for the generation of airway ADO from ATP release: CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	143-146	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	174-178
20840479-1	2010	The vascular ectonucleotidases CD39[ENTPD1 (ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1), EC 3.6.1.5] and CD73[EC 3.1.3.5] generate adenosine from extracellular nucleotides.	Adenosine	137-146	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	111-115
20840479-4	2010	Mice transgenic for human CD39 (hCD39) have increased capacity to generate adenosine.	Adenosine	75-84	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	26-30
20840479-4	2010	Mice transgenic for human CD39 (hCD39) have increased capacity to generate adenosine.	Adenosine	75-84	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	32-37
20962204-0	2010	Regulation of sFlt-1 and VEGF secretion by adenosine under hypoxic conditions in rat placental villous explants.	Adenosine	43-52	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	25-29
20962204-1	2010	The role of adenosine in the regulation of cardiovascular function has long been acknowledged, but only recently has its importance in angiogenesis been appreciated, most notably, through its direct regulation of the proangiogenic growth factor, VEGF.	Adenosine	12-21	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	246-250
20962204-3	2010	While adenosine has been reported to be an important regulator of VEGF in vascular tissue, the importance of adenosine in regulating VEGF and sFlt-1 in placental tissue is unclear.	Adenosine	6-15	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	66-70
20962204-4	2010	Here, we have investigated the role of adenosine in the secretion of VEGF and the antiangiogenic protein sFlt-1 in placental villous explants.	Adenosine	39-48	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	69-73
20962204-7	2010	Exogenous and the adenosine transporter inhibitor dipyridamole (which increases extracellular levels of adenosine) showed differential effects under normoxic conditions: sFlt-1 levels in media increased significantly (P &lt; 0.05), whereas VEGF was unaffected (P = 0.67 and P = 0.19, respectively).	Adenosine	18-27	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	240-244
20962204-8	2010	These data indicate that extracellular adenosine can regulate VEGF and sFlt-1 secretion in the hypoxic placenta and could, therefore, control the balance of these competing angiogenic factors in diseases characterized by placental ischemia.	Adenosine	39-48	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
20820662-1	2010	RNA editing by adenosine deamination is a form of epigenetic control of gene expression wherein the ADAR enzymes convert adenosine to inosine in RNA often changing the meaning of codons.	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	100-104
20820662-1	2010	RNA editing by adenosine deamination is a form of epigenetic control of gene expression wherein the ADAR enzymes convert adenosine to inosine in RNA often changing the meaning of codons.	Adenosine	121-130	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	100-104
20977632-1	2010	We have shown that CD39 and CD73 are coexpressed on the surface of murine CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and generate extracellular adenosine, contributing to Treg immunosuppressive activity.	Adenosine	139-148	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	28-32
20977632-1	2010	We have shown that CD39 and CD73 are coexpressed on the surface of murine CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and generate extracellular adenosine, contributing to Treg immunosuppressive activity.	Adenosine	139-148	forkhead box P3	Mus musculus	79-84
20945873-7	2010	Additionally, because adenosine analogs are capable of inhibiting SAHH activity, the addition of adenosine analogs to a solution containing SAH and SAHH resulted in the suppression of hydrolyzed SAH-induced NP aggregation.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	66-70
20945873-7	2010	Additionally, because adenosine analogs are capable of inhibiting SAHH activity, the addition of adenosine analogs to a solution containing SAH and SAHH resulted in the suppression of hydrolyzed SAH-induced NP aggregation.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	148-152
20945873-7	2010	Additionally, because adenosine analogs are capable of inhibiting SAHH activity, the addition of adenosine analogs to a solution containing SAH and SAHH resulted in the suppression of hydrolyzed SAH-induced NP aggregation.	Adenosine	97-106	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	66-70
20945873-7	2010	Additionally, because adenosine analogs are capable of inhibiting SAHH activity, the addition of adenosine analogs to a solution containing SAH and SAHH resulted in the suppression of hydrolyzed SAH-induced NP aggregation.	Adenosine	97-106	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	148-152
20945873-9	2010	We have demonstrated that the combination of SAHH inhibition and FSN-AuNPs can be utilized for the selective detection of adenosine.	Adenosine	122-131	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	45-49
20592246-3	2010	Recently, PMAT-mediated uptake of adenosine (a purine nucleoside) was reported, and the transporter was proposed to function as a dual nucleoside/organic cation transporter.	Adenosine	34-43	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	10-14
20592246-5	2010	Among 12 naturally occurring nucleosides and nucleobases, only adenosine was significantly transported by PMAT.	Adenosine	63-72	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	106-110
20592246-6	2010	PMAT-mediated adenosine transport is saturable, pH-dependent, and membrane-potential sensitive.	Adenosine	14-23	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
20592246-7	2010	Under both neutral (pH 7.4) and acidic (pH 6.6) conditions, adenosine is transported by PMAT at an efficiency (V(max)/K(m)) at least 10-fold lower than that of the organic cation substrates 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and serotonin.	Adenosine	60-69	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	88-92
20592246-8	2010	PMAT-mediated adenosine uptake rate was significantly enhanced by an acidic extracellular pH.	Adenosine	14-23	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
20592246-10	2010	Our results demonstrated that although PMAT transports adenosine, the transporter kinetically prefers organic cation substrates.	Adenosine	55-64	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	39-43
20546740-1	2010	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: Adenosine mediates immune suppression and is generated by the ectonucleotidases CD39 (ENTPD1) and CD73 that are expressed on vascular endothelial cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs).	Adenosine	23-32	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	121-125
20607662-4	2010	We now describe a strategy for applying transactivation of Trk receptors using small molecules, such as adenosine, which can penetrate the blood brain barrier and rescue motor neurons from cell death.	Adenosine	104-113	neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 1	Mus musculus	59-62
20814078-8	2010	In conclusion, our results indicate that ATP released from the B cell is the primary source of peripheral adenosine, and that the activities of ecto enzymes and the efficiency of Ado uptake through the nucleoside transporters determine the Ado level on the B cell surface.	Adenosine	106-115	2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	240-243
20357256-8	2010	Strikingly, deletion of key adenosine-generating enzyme, ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73, was accompanied by significantly enhanced joint swelling in borrelia-infected CD73-deficient C57BL/6 mice.	Adenosine	28-37	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	57-77
20357256-8	2010	Strikingly, deletion of key adenosine-generating enzyme, ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73, was accompanied by significantly enhanced joint swelling in borrelia-infected CD73-deficient C57BL/6 mice.	Adenosine	28-37	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	78-82
19858205-4	2010	Human CD4(+)CD25(high)FOXP3(+) Treg overexpress CD39 and CD73, ectonucleotidases sequentially converting ATP into AMP and adenosine, which then binds to A(2a) receptors on effector T cells, suppressing their functions.	Adenosine	122-131	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
19858205-5	2010	CD4(+)CD39(+) and CD4(+)CD25(high) T cells express low levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA), the enzyme responsible for adenosine breakdown, and of CD26, a surface-bound glycoprotein associated with ADA.	Adenosine	65-74	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	6-10
19858205-9	2010	Thus, human nTreg characterized by the presence of CD39 and the low expression of CD26/ADA are responsible for the generation of adenosine, which plays a major role in Treg-mediated immunosuppression.	Adenosine	129-138	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
19858205-9	2010	Thus, human nTreg characterized by the presence of CD39 and the low expression of CD26/ADA are responsible for the generation of adenosine, which plays a major role in Treg-mediated immunosuppression.	Adenosine	129-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-86
20208169-1	2010	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH; EC 3.3.1.1) catalyzes the reversible hydrolysis of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine to adenosine and L-homocysteine.	Adenosine	123-132	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase	Mus musculus	0-35
20208169-1	2010	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH; EC 3.3.1.1) catalyzes the reversible hydrolysis of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine to adenosine and L-homocysteine.	Adenosine	123-132	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase	Mus musculus	37-41
20208169-2	2010	For crystallographic investigations, mouse SAHH (MmSAHH) was overexpressed in bacterial cells and crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method in the presence of the reaction product adenosine.	Adenosine	198-207	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase	Mus musculus	43-47
19932738-4	2010	Transactivation of kinase insert domain-containing receptor/fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (KDR/flk-1) evokes a calcium-dependent, exocytotic release of glutamate, followed by activation of group I/II metabotropic glutamate receptors which results in calcium-independent release of ATP and adenosine from the cells.	Adenosine	286-295	kinase insert domain receptor	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
19932738-4	2010	Transactivation of kinase insert domain-containing receptor/fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (KDR/flk-1) evokes a calcium-dependent, exocytotic release of glutamate, followed by activation of group I/II metabotropic glutamate receptors which results in calcium-independent release of ATP and adenosine from the cells.	Adenosine	286-295	kinase insert domain receptor	Rattus norvegicus	92-97
20083662-13	2010	CD39 was highly expressed only in tDC-TGF, which correlated with increased adenosine production.	Adenosine	75-84	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
20147550-0	2010	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) inhibits nociception by hydrolyzing AMP to adenosine in nociceptive circuits.	Adenosine	71-80	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-20
20147550-0	2010	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) inhibits nociception by hydrolyzing AMP to adenosine in nociceptive circuits.	Adenosine	71-80	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	22-26
20147550-1	2010	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) is a membrane-anchored protein that hydrolyzes extracellular adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine in diverse tissues but has not been directly studied in nociceptive neurons.	Adenosine	95-104	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-20
20147550-1	2010	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) is a membrane-anchored protein that hydrolyzes extracellular adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine in diverse tissues but has not been directly studied in nociceptive neurons.	Adenosine	95-104	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	22-26
20147550-1	2010	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) is a membrane-anchored protein that hydrolyzes extracellular adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine in diverse tissues but has not been directly studied in nociceptive neurons.	Adenosine	95-104	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	28-32
20147550-8	2010	Collectively, our data indicate that the ectonucleotidase NT5E regulates nociception by hydrolyzing AMP to adenosine in nociceptive circuits and represents a new molecular target for the treatment of chronic pain.	Adenosine	107-116	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	58-62
20080644-2	2010	We performed proof-of-concept studies investigating the therapeutic potential and mechanism of action of monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapy against CD73, an ecto-enzyme overexpressed on breast-cancer cells that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of adenosine monophosphates into adenosine.	Adenosine	251-260	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	153-157
20080644-6	2010	In addition to its immunosuppressive effect, CD73 enhanced tumor-cell chemotaxis, suggesting a role for CD73-derived adenosine in tumor metastasis.	Adenosine	117-126	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	45-49
20080644-6	2010	In addition to its immunosuppressive effect, CD73 enhanced tumor-cell chemotaxis, suggesting a role for CD73-derived adenosine in tumor metastasis.	Adenosine	117-126	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	104-108
20696321-5	2010	In this review we describe the interactions between dopamine and adenosine receptors that underpin the pre-clinical and clinical rationale for pursuing adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists as symptomatic and potentially neuroprotective treatment of PD.	Adenosine	65-74	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	152-176
20063437-7	2010	The best blindly predicted models performed on par with the crystal structure of AA2AR in selecting known antagonists from decoys, as well as from antagonists for other adenosine subtypes and AA2AR agonists.	Adenosine	169-178	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	81-86
19720447-1	2009	Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA (ADARs) function to co-transcriptionally deaminate specific (or non-specific) adenosines to inosines within pre-mRNAs, using double-stranded RNAs as substrate.	Adenosine	113-123	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA	Drosophila melanogaster	0-34
19917691-5	2009	The mechanism of suppression by CD39(+) Treg cells appears to require cell contact and can be duplicated by adenosine, which is produced from ATP by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	108-117	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
19917691-5	2009	The mechanism of suppression by CD39(+) Treg cells appears to require cell contact and can be duplicated by adenosine, which is produced from ATP by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	108-117	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	171-175
19759011-1	2009	Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) catalyze the deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA templates, a process known as RNA editing.	Adenosine	71-80	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA	Drosophila melanogaster	0-34
19635551-4	2009	To test this hypothesis, we examined mRNA expressions of adenosine (ADORA2A and ADORA2B) and dopamine receptors (DRD1 and DRD2 like), and dopamine transporter (DAT1) in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from Lesch-Nyhan patients.	Adenosine	57-66	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	68-75
19656134-1	2009	Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) express both ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73, which in tandem hydrolyze pericellular ATP into adenosine, an immunoinhibitory molecule that contributes to Treg suppressive function.	Adenosine	124-133	forkhead box P3	Mus musculus	0-5
19656134-1	2009	Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) express both ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73, which in tandem hydrolyze pericellular ATP into adenosine, an immunoinhibitory molecule that contributes to Treg suppressive function.	Adenosine	124-133	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	70-74
19712927-0	2009	Up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression by adenosine through adenosine A2 receptors in the rat tongue treated with endotoxin.	Adenosine	66-75	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	17-51
19712927-1	2009	The main focus of the present investigation is to evaluate a differential effect of adenosine on the up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression through adenosine A(2) receptors in the rat tongue treated with endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide: LPS).	Adenosine	84-93	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	118-152
19712927-1	2009	The main focus of the present investigation is to evaluate a differential effect of adenosine on the up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression through adenosine A(2) receptors in the rat tongue treated with endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide: LPS).	Adenosine	84-93	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	154-158
19509406-6	2009	Here, we show that p110gamma needs p84 to relay signals from GPCRs to formation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3)], phosphorylation of Akt, migration of cells, and synergistic adenosine-enforced degranulation.	Adenosine	205-214	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	19-28
19357181-1	2009	Plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) is a novel polyspecific organic cation transporter that transports organic cations and the purine nucleoside, adenosine.	Adenosine	155-164	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	39-43
19246513-5	2009	Max-like protein X and MondoA are transcription factors previously shown to stimulate glucose-dependent Txnip expression and are shown here to convey stimulatory signals from extracellular adenosine-containing molecules to the Txnip promoter.	Adenosine	189-198	MAX dimerization protein MLX	Homo sapiens	0-18
19175412-1	2009	The DNA adenine methyltransferase (Dam methylase) of Gammaproteobacteria and the cell cycle-regulated methyltransferase (CcrM) methylase of Alphaproteobacteria catalyze an identical reaction (methylation of adenosine moieties using S-adenosyl-methionine as a methyl donor) at similar DNA targets (GATC and GANTC, respectively).	Adenosine	207-216	glutamyl-tRNA amidotransferase subunit C	Homo sapiens	297-301
19221436-3	2009	During ethanol metabolism, adenosine is generated by the enzyme ecto-5"-nucleotidase, and adenosine production and adenosine receptor activation are known to play critical roles in the development of hepatic fibrosis.	Adenosine	27-36	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	64-84
19281303-1	2009	BACKGROUND: Regulatory T cells (known as "Treg") express apyrases (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) and contribute to their inhibitory function by generating adenosine.	Adenosine	163-172	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	77-97
19281303-1	2009	BACKGROUND: Regulatory T cells (known as "Treg") express apyrases (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) and contribute to their inhibitory function by generating adenosine.	Adenosine	163-172	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	99-103
19281303-9	2009	CONCLUSION: CD39 and CD73 expressed by Th cells contribute to local accumulation of adenosine and attenuation of gastritis, which may favor persistent infection.	Adenosine	84-93	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	21-25
18838482-0	2009	Adenosine and inflammation: CD39 and CD73 are critical mediators in LPS-induced PMN trafficking into the lungs.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	37-41
18838482-2	2009	The main source of extracellular adenosine stems from a coordinated two-step enzymatic conversion of precursor nucleotides via the ecto-apyrase (CD39) and the ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	33-42	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	159-179
18838482-2	2009	The main source of extracellular adenosine stems from a coordinated two-step enzymatic conversion of precursor nucleotides via the ecto-apyrase (CD39) and the ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	33-42	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	181-185
18812468-2	2009	Adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate is metabolized to adenosine through a 2-step enzymatic reaction initiated by CD39 (ectonucleoside-triphosphate-diphosphohydrolase-1).	Adenosine	23-32	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	122-126
18812468-2	2009	Adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate is metabolized to adenosine through a 2-step enzymatic reaction initiated by CD39 (ectonucleoside-triphosphate-diphosphohydrolase-1).	Adenosine	23-32	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	128-176
19159073-0	2009	Extracellular adenosine induces apoptosis in Caco-2 human colonic cancer cells by activating caspase-9/-3 via A(2a) adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	14-23	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	93-102
19159073-12	2009	Adenosine disrupted mitochondrial membrane potentials and activated caspase-9 and -3, but not caspase-8.	Adenosine	0-9	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	68-84
19159073-13	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Extracellular adenosine induces apoptosis in Caco-2 cells by activating caspase-9 and the downstream effector caspase caspase-3 in association with mitochondrial damage via A(2a) adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	27-36	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	85-94
18855224-11	2009	Morphometric parameters associated with adipose tissue distribution and parameters of glucose metabolism should be analysed as potential confounders in further studies on the role of polymorphisms of AMPD1 and other genes associated with AMP and adenosine metabolism in cardiovascular disease.	Adenosine	246-255	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	200-205
19104409-2	2008	Ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 are integral vascular and immune nucleotidases that regulate extracellular adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	107-116	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	27-31
18815415-2	2008	We report the first prokaryotic crystal structure of SAHH, from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), in complex with adenosine (ADO) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.	Adenosine	114-123	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	53-57
18815415-2	2008	We report the first prokaryotic crystal structure of SAHH, from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), in complex with adenosine (ADO) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.	Adenosine	125-128	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	53-57
18815415-6	2008	While most of the residues lining the ADO-binding pocket are identical between Mtb and human SAHH, less is known about the binding mode of the homocysteine (HCY) appendage of the full substrate.	Adenosine	38-41	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	93-97
18713747-0	2008	Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (E-NTPDase1/CD39) regulates neutrophil chemotaxis by hydrolyzing released ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	131-140	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-49
18713747-0	2008	Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (E-NTPDase1/CD39) regulates neutrophil chemotaxis by hydrolyzing released ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	131-140	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	51-61
18713747-0	2008	Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (E-NTPDase1/CD39) regulates neutrophil chemotaxis by hydrolyzing released ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	131-140	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	62-66
18784652-6	2008	Adenosine to inosine editing within untranslated regions of eri-6 and eri-7 pre-mRNAs reveals a double-stranded pre-mRNA intermediate, forming in the nucleus before splicing occurs.	Adenosine	0-9	Enhanced RNAI (RNA interference)	Caenorhabditis elegans	70-75
18591671-1	2008	CD73 is a cell surface enzyme of the purine catabolic pathway that catalyzes the breakdown of AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	101-110	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
18591671-2	2008	Because of the strong immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory properties of adenosine, we predicted that cd73(-/-) mice would develop severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for the central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disease, multiple sclerosis.	Adenosine	75-84	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	104-108
18600537-0	2008	Regulation of leukocyte migration across endothelial barriers by ECTO-5"-nucleotidase-generated adenosine.	Adenosine	96-105	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	65-85
18600537-1	2008	CD73-deficient mice are valuable for evaluating the ability of CD73-generated adenosine to modulate adenosine receptor-mediated responses.	Adenosine	78-87	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
18600537-1	2008	CD73-deficient mice are valuable for evaluating the ability of CD73-generated adenosine to modulate adenosine receptor-mediated responses.	Adenosine	78-87	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	63-67
18600537-3	2008	In the first case, CD73-generated adenosine restricts the migration of lymphocytes across high endothelial venules (HEV) into draining lymph nodes after an inflammatory stimulus, apparently by triggering A(2B) receptors on HEV.	Adenosine	34-43	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	19-23
18441046-0	2008	The 5e motif of eukaryotic signal recognition particle RNA contains a conserved adenosine for the binding of SRP72.	Adenosine	80-89	signal recognition particle 72	Homo sapiens	109-114
18359773-0	2008	Major histocompatibility class II transactivator expression in smooth muscle cells from A2b adenosine receptor knock-out mice: cross-talk between the adenosine and interferon-gamma signaling.	Adenosine	92-101	class II transactivator	Mus musculus	25-48
18359773-6	2008	Therefore, our data establish possible cross-talk between the adenosine signaling through cAMP and IFN-gamma during regulation of CIITA expression.	Adenosine	62-71	class II transactivator	Mus musculus	130-135
18417123-5	2008	Several techniques, such as microdialysis, venous occlusion plethysmography, and (99m)Tc-annexin A5 scintigraphy can be used to study these effects of adenosine in healthy volunteers in vivo.	Adenosine	151-160	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	89-99
18224333-10	2008	These results suggest a better circulatory adaptation to exercise in individuals with diminished mAMPD activity, probably due to an AMPD1 genotype-dependent increase in adenosine formation.	Adenosine	169-178	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	132-137
18258482-3	2008	Novel studies now establish that, through the generation of the immunosuppressive factor adenosine, the ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73 are important contributors to the regulatory activity of Foxp3(+)CD4(+) T cells.	Adenosine	89-98	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	116-120
18054348-8	2008	Our results, besides showing that adenosine A1 receptor prompts mammalian spermatozoa to undergo the acrosome reaction hence supporting a role for adenosine as agent for fertilisation, show that 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine triggers signalling mechanisms that involve both Galpha(i2) and G(q/11), extracellular calcium influx, modulation of classical Ca2+-dependent PCK isoforms and up-regulation of the ERK1/2 phosphorylation.	Adenosine	34-43	succinate-CoA ligase GDP/ADP-forming subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	277-286
18097593-0	2008	Sp1 is involved in 8-chloro-adenosine-upregulated death receptor 5 expression in human hepatoma cells.	Adenosine	28-37	TNF receptor superfamily member 10b	Homo sapiens	50-66
17370140-3	2007	The present study aimed to determine the changes in systolic function of the ischemic myocardium by strain-rate imaging (SRI) with adenosine stress echocardiography.	Adenosine	131-140	sorcin	Canis lupus familiaris	121-124
17872970-2	2007	The objective of this study was to determine whether primary hepatic stellate cells produce collagen in response to adenosine (via activation of adenosine A2A receptors) and to further determine the signaling mechanisms involved in adenosine A2A receptor-mediated promotion of collagen production.	Adenosine	116-125	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	145-167
17855480-1	2007	Previous studies have yielded conflicting results as to whether extracellular adenosine generation and signaling contributes to hypoxia-induced increases in renal erythropoietin (EPO) secretion.	Adenosine	78-87	erythropoietin	Mus musculus	163-177
17855480-1	2007	Previous studies have yielded conflicting results as to whether extracellular adenosine generation and signaling contributes to hypoxia-induced increases in renal erythropoietin (EPO) secretion.	Adenosine	78-87	erythropoietin	Mus musculus	179-182
17855480-2	2007	In this study, we combined pharmacological and genetic approaches to elucidate a potential contribution of extracellular adenosine to renal EPO release in mice.	Adenosine	121-130	erythropoietin	Mus musculus	140-143
17855480-4	2007	Because the ecto-5-nucleotidase (CD73, conversion of AMP to adenosine) is considered the pacemaker of extracellular adenosine generation, we first tested the effect of blocking extracellular adenosine generation with the specific CD73-inhibitor adenosine 5"-(alpha,beta-methylene) diphosphate (APCP) or by gene-targeted deletion of cd73.	Adenosine	60-69	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	12-31
17855480-4	2007	Because the ecto-5-nucleotidase (CD73, conversion of AMP to adenosine) is considered the pacemaker of extracellular adenosine generation, we first tested the effect of blocking extracellular adenosine generation with the specific CD73-inhibitor adenosine 5"-(alpha,beta-methylene) diphosphate (APCP) or by gene-targeted deletion of cd73.	Adenosine	60-69	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	33-37
17855480-4	2007	Because the ecto-5-nucleotidase (CD73, conversion of AMP to adenosine) is considered the pacemaker of extracellular adenosine generation, we first tested the effect of blocking extracellular adenosine generation with the specific CD73-inhibitor adenosine 5"-(alpha,beta-methylene) diphosphate (APCP) or by gene-targeted deletion of cd73.	Adenosine	116-125	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	12-31
17855480-4	2007	Because the ecto-5-nucleotidase (CD73, conversion of AMP to adenosine) is considered the pacemaker of extracellular adenosine generation, we first tested the effect of blocking extracellular adenosine generation with the specific CD73-inhibitor adenosine 5"-(alpha,beta-methylene) diphosphate (APCP) or by gene-targeted deletion of cd73.	Adenosine	116-125	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	33-37
17855480-4	2007	Because the ecto-5-nucleotidase (CD73, conversion of AMP to adenosine) is considered the pacemaker of extracellular adenosine generation, we first tested the effect of blocking extracellular adenosine generation with the specific CD73-inhibitor adenosine 5"-(alpha,beta-methylene) diphosphate (APCP) or by gene-targeted deletion of cd73.	Adenosine	116-125	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	12-31
17855480-4	2007	Because the ecto-5-nucleotidase (CD73, conversion of AMP to adenosine) is considered the pacemaker of extracellular adenosine generation, we first tested the effect of blocking extracellular adenosine generation with the specific CD73-inhibitor adenosine 5"-(alpha,beta-methylene) diphosphate (APCP) or by gene-targeted deletion of cd73.	Adenosine	116-125	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	33-37
18210811-2	2007	The adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) are enriched in dopamine-rich areas of the brain, such as the basal ganglia, and are thought to interact with dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) negatively.	Adenosine	4-13	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	29-33
18021981-11	2007	The results suggested that appearance of an adenosine allele(A) in position +49 of the CTLA-4 gene may be a permissive element for CsA-induced GO.	Adenosine	44-53	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	87-93
17850795-5	2007	Homocysteine-induced cell adhesion is abolished by pre-treatment with adenosine-2",3"-dialdehyde, demonstrating that the adenosine depletion caused by reversal of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase reaction is responsible for homocysteine-induced cell damage.	Adenosine	70-79	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	163-195
17696452-12	2007	Inhibition of adenosine elimination by EHNA or phloridzin raised apical adenosine levels by &gt;3-fold and stimulated IL-13 and MCP-1 secretion by 6-fold.	Adenosine	14-23	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	128-133
17616749-13	2007	Adenosine was required for ERK1/2 activation by statins, which resulted in Akt and eNOS phosphorylation.	Adenosine	0-9	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	83-87
17719949-1	2007	A newborn with persistent pulmonary hypertension (PH) unresponsive to conventional therapies was found to be homozygous for a mutation in the gene encoding adenosine triphosphate binding cassette protein, member A3 (ABCA3).	Adenosine	156-165	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 3	Homo sapiens	216-221
17574213-4	2007	S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) is the product of SAM in hepatic transmethylation reactions, and SAH hydrolase (SAHH) is the only enzyme to metabolize SAH to homocysteine and adenosine.	Adenosine	172-181	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase	Mus musculus	94-107
17574213-4	2007	S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) is the product of SAM in hepatic transmethylation reactions, and SAH hydrolase (SAHH) is the only enzyme to metabolize SAH to homocysteine and adenosine.	Adenosine	172-181	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase	Mus musculus	109-113
17672857-1	2007	Adenosine and ATP, via their specific P1 and P2 receptors, modulate a wide variety of cellular and tissue functions, playing a neuroprotective or neurodegenerative role in brain damage conditions.	Adenosine	0-9	perforin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-47
17672857-2	2007	Although, in general, adenosine inhibits excitability and ATP functions as an excitatory transmitter in the central nervous system, recent data suggest the existence of a heterodimerization and a functional interaction between P1 and P2 receptors in the brain.	Adenosine	22-31	perforin 1	Rattus norvegicus	227-236
17428443-7	2007	Guanosine, adenosine, and imidazole competed with GTP-TR to form complexes with alpha(2)M( *).	Adenosine	11-20	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	80-89
17339610-7	2007	Other cAMP-elevating agents such as adenosine (Ado) similarly block the fMLP-induced PI-3Kgamma activation process but do not inhibit Akt phosphorylation.	Adenosine	36-45	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	85-95
17339610-7	2007	Other cAMP-elevating agents such as adenosine (Ado) similarly block the fMLP-induced PI-3Kgamma activation process but do not inhibit Akt phosphorylation.	Adenosine	47-50	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	85-95
17558181-2	2007	The action of adenosine was antagonized by an adenosine A2A-receptor (A2AR) antagonist and was mimicked by an A2AR agonist, suggesting that the stimulation of A2AR may be involved in the actions of adenosine.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	46-68
17558181-2	2007	The action of adenosine was antagonized by an adenosine A2A-receptor (A2AR) antagonist and was mimicked by an A2AR agonist, suggesting that the stimulation of A2AR may be involved in the actions of adenosine.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	70-74
17558181-2	2007	The action of adenosine was antagonized by an adenosine A2A-receptor (A2AR) antagonist and was mimicked by an A2AR agonist, suggesting that the stimulation of A2AR may be involved in the actions of adenosine.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	110-114
17558181-2	2007	The action of adenosine was antagonized by an adenosine A2A-receptor (A2AR) antagonist and was mimicked by an A2AR agonist, suggesting that the stimulation of A2AR may be involved in the actions of adenosine.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	110-114
17285297-14	2007	Adenosine significantly blunted the effects of OA and PMA on annexin V binding (s.d.	Adenosine	0-9	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	61-70
17469101-0	2007	The antiinflammatory mechanism of methotrexate depends on extracellular conversion of adenine nucleotides to adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase: findings in a study of ecto-5"-nucleotidase gene-deficient mice.	Adenosine	109-118	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	122-142
17469101-0	2007	The antiinflammatory mechanism of methotrexate depends on extracellular conversion of adenine nucleotides to adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase: findings in a study of ecto-5"-nucleotidase gene-deficient mice.	Adenosine	109-118	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	167-187
17332375-3	2007	Instability is dramatically enhanced by transcription and modulated by nuclear excision repair and a regulator of DNA repair adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB)-binding protein-a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) whose decreased activity contributes to polyQ disease.	Adenosine	125-134	Cyclic-AMP response element binding protein B	Drosophila melanogaster	141-194
17353435-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73)-dependent adenosine generation has been implicated in tissue protection during acute injury.	Adenosine	50-59	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	12-32
17353435-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73)-dependent adenosine generation has been implicated in tissue protection during acute injury.	Adenosine	50-59	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	34-38
17353435-9	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, pharmacological and genetic evidence demonstrate the importance of CD73-dependent adenosine generation and signaling through A2B AR for cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning and suggests 5"-nucleotidase or A2B AR agonists as therapy for myocardial ischemia.	Adenosine	111-120	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	96-100
17360481-5	2007	Ussing chamber studies of rat AT2 cells indicated that adenosine affects ion transport through engagement of A(1)R, A(2a)R, and/or A(3)R through a mechanism that increases CFTR and amiloride-sensitive channel function.	Adenosine	55-64	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	172-176
17360481-7	2007	Instillation of a CFTR inhibitor (CFTR(inh-172)) attenuated adenosine-mediated down-regulation of AFC, suggesting that adenosine causes Cl(-) efflux by means of CFTR.	Adenosine	60-69	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	18-22
17360481-7	2007	Instillation of a CFTR inhibitor (CFTR(inh-172)) attenuated adenosine-mediated down-regulation of AFC, suggesting that adenosine causes Cl(-) efflux by means of CFTR.	Adenosine	60-69	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
17360481-7	2007	Instillation of a CFTR inhibitor (CFTR(inh-172)) attenuated adenosine-mediated down-regulation of AFC, suggesting that adenosine causes Cl(-) efflux by means of CFTR.	Adenosine	60-69	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
17360481-7	2007	Instillation of a CFTR inhibitor (CFTR(inh-172)) attenuated adenosine-mediated down-regulation of AFC, suggesting that adenosine causes Cl(-) efflux by means of CFTR.	Adenosine	119-128	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	18-22
17360481-7	2007	Instillation of a CFTR inhibitor (CFTR(inh-172)) attenuated adenosine-mediated down-regulation of AFC, suggesting that adenosine causes Cl(-) efflux by means of CFTR.	Adenosine	119-128	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
17360481-7	2007	Instillation of a CFTR inhibitor (CFTR(inh-172)) attenuated adenosine-mediated down-regulation of AFC, suggesting that adenosine causes Cl(-) efflux by means of CFTR.	Adenosine	119-128	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
17253988-5	2007	T-DNA insertional mutant plants for AtENT3 resemble the fur1 mutant phenotype: i.e. they grow on fluorouridine, and seedlings as well as leaf discs exhibit a markedly reduced uptake capacity for uridine and cytidine, but a less pronounced reduced uptake for adenosine and guanosine.	Adenosine	258-267	Major facilitator superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	36-42
18404431-3	2007	This ecto-enzymatic cascade in tandem with CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) also generates adenosine and has major effects on both P2 and adenosine receptor signalling.	Adenosine	86-95	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	43-47
18404431-3	2007	This ecto-enzymatic cascade in tandem with CD73 (ecto-5"-nucleotidase) also generates adenosine and has major effects on both P2 and adenosine receptor signalling.	Adenosine	86-95	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	49-69
17493146-4	2007	An adenosine to guanine single nucleotide polymorphism in the Fas gene (TNFRSF6) promoter was assessed in 149 well-characterized Caucasoid patients and 172 matched controls.	Adenosine	3-12	Fas cell surface death receptor	Homo sapiens	72-79
17129762-4	2007	Adenosine activates adenosine A2A receptor-expressing sleep-active neurons in the basal forebrain and the ventrolateral preoptic area.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	20-42
17224799-1	2007	Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing has been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammation through the upregulation of the editase adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	138-173
17224799-1	2007	Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing has been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammation through the upregulation of the editase adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	175-180
17338148-8	2007	A single adenosine (A) deletion in AGL exon 32 of affected dog genomic DNA predicted a frame-shift and truncation of the protein product by 126 amino acid residues.	Adenosine	9-18	amylo-alpha-1, 6-glucosidase, 4-alpha-glucanotransferase	Canis lupus familiaris	35-38
18029780-0	2007	Synthesis of 2",5"-oligoadenylate analogs possessing a linker moiety in the place of the second adenosine and their ability to activate human RNase L.	Adenosine	96-105	ribonuclease L	Homo sapiens	142-149
18029780-1	2007	This paper describes the synthesis of 2",5"-oligoadenylate analogs possessing a linker moiety in the place of the second adenosine and their ability to activate human RNase L.	Adenosine	121-130	ribonuclease L	Homo sapiens	167-174
17184148-8	2007	The role of mTOR, ATP, cAMP, fatty acids, malonyl-CoA, adenosine and Ca(2+) in the regulation of leptin secretion from adipocytes is discussed.	Adenosine	55-64	leptin	Homo sapiens	97-103
17172447-4	2006	In eukaryotic cells, this inhibition is relieved by hydrolysis of SAH to adenosine and homocysteine catalyzed by SAH hydrolase (SAHH).	Adenosine	73-82	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	113-126
17172447-4	2006	In eukaryotic cells, this inhibition is relieved by hydrolysis of SAH to adenosine and homocysteine catalyzed by SAH hydrolase (SAHH).	Adenosine	73-82	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	128-132
17065216-3	2006	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), the enzyme that generates adenosine from AMP, was demonstrated by immunocytochemistry in approximately 20% of anterior pituitary cells, and some of these cells colocalized with prolactin and growth hormone.	Adenosine	55-64	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-20
17065216-3	2006	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), the enzyme that generates adenosine from AMP, was demonstrated by immunocytochemistry in approximately 20% of anterior pituitary cells, and some of these cells colocalized with prolactin and growth hormone.	Adenosine	55-64	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	22-26
17387282-2	2006	Two combinations of the four PABP RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), RRMs 1+2 and RRMs 3+4, bind with very strong affinities to various transcripts with long stretches of adenosine residues, whereas RRMs 2+3 bind weakly.	Adenosine	167-176	poly(A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1	Homo sapiens	29-33
16946135-9	2006	One of these, the adenosine-induced phosphorylation of the ATP synthase beta subunit, was fully characterized with the identification of 5 novel phosphorylation sites.	Adenosine	18-27	ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial	Oryctolagus cuniculus	59-84
16611738-0	2006	Adenosine downregulates DPPIV on HT-29 colon cancer cells by stimulating protein tyrosine phosphatase(s) and reducing ERK1/2 activity via a novel pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
16611738-3	2006	We have recently shown that DPPIV can be downregulated from the cell surface of HT-29 colorectal carcinoma cells by adenosine, which is a metabolite that becomes concentrated in the extracellular fluid of hypoxic solid tumors.	Adenosine	116-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
16611738-5	2006	We report here that adenosine downregulation of DPPIV from the surface of HT-29 cells occurs independently of these classic receptor subtypes, and is mediated by a novel cell-surface mechanism that induces an increase in protein tyrosine phosphatase activity.	Adenosine	20-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-53
16873718-4	2006	Originally described as a monoamine/organic cation transporter, we found that both human and mouse ENT4 exhibited a novel, pH-dependent adenosine transport activity optimal at acidic pH (apparent K(m) values 0.78 and 0.13 mmol/L, respectively, at pH 5.5) and absent at pH 7.4.	Adenosine	136-145	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 4	Mus musculus	99-103
16873718-6	2006	ENT4-mediated nucleoside transport was adenosine selective, sodium independent and only weakly inhibited by the classical inhibitors of equilibrative nucleoside transport, dipyridamole, dilazep, and nitrobenzylthioinosine.	Adenosine	39-48	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
16873718-7	2006	We hypothesize that ENT4, in addition to playing roles in cardiac serotonin transport, contributes to the regulation of extracellular adenosine concentrations, in particular under the acidotic conditions associated with ischemia.	Adenosine	134-143	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	20-24
16860569-4	2006	We find that Fyn expression is sufficient to allow transactivation of Trk by adenosine and that Fyn and Trk are colocalized in a juxtanuclear membrane compartment.	Adenosine	77-86	FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	13-16
16860569-5	2006	Adenosine activation of Fyn results in direct phosphorylation of Trk in vitro and follows a delayed time course that coincides with Trk activation.	Adenosine	0-9	FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	24-27
16861292-2	2006	In this study, we examined the involvement of ecto-adenosine deaminase, which can be anchored to CD26 on human gingival fibroblasts, in metabolizing adenosine generated by CD73, and thus attenuating adenosine receptor activation.	Adenosine	51-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-101
16537922-7	2006	Consistent with it contacting the pre-mRNA branch point adenosine, SF3b14a/p14 interacted with the U2 snRNA near the region that base pairs with the branch point sequence.	Adenosine	56-65	splicing factor 3b subunit 6	Homo sapiens	67-74
16537922-7	2006	Consistent with it contacting the pre-mRNA branch point adenosine, SF3b14a/p14 interacted with the U2 snRNA near the region that base pairs with the branch point sequence.	Adenosine	56-65	splicing factor 3b subunit 6	Homo sapiens	75-78
16452118-1	2006	The role of domains in defining the equilibrium and kinetic folding properties of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from Escherichia coli was probed by examining the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of a set of variants in which the chain connectivity in the discontinuous loop domain (DLD) and the adenosine-binding domain (ABD) was altered by permutation.	Adenosine	300-309	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli	82-105
16452118-1	2006	The role of domains in defining the equilibrium and kinetic folding properties of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from Escherichia coli was probed by examining the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of a set of variants in which the chain connectivity in the discontinuous loop domain (DLD) and the adenosine-binding domain (ABD) was altered by permutation.	Adenosine	300-309	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli	107-111
16799190-5	2006	ATP and AMP are metabolized by endothelial cell-surface enzymes, the ecto-apyrase (CD39, metabolizes ATP to AMP) and the 5"-ecto-nucleotidase (CD73, metabolizes AMP to adenosine).	Adenosine	168-177	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	69-81
16799190-5	2006	ATP and AMP are metabolized by endothelial cell-surface enzymes, the ecto-apyrase (CD39, metabolizes ATP to AMP) and the 5"-ecto-nucleotidase (CD73, metabolizes AMP to adenosine).	Adenosine	168-177	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	83-87
16343044-4	2006	When suboptimal concentrations of the evaluated cytokines and growth factors were tested in the cultures in which various concentrations of adenosine were concomitantly present, mutually potentiating effects were found in the case of IL-3 and SCF.	Adenosine	140-149	interleukin 3	Homo sapiens	234-238
16373949-2	2005	Therefore, we have investigated whether overexpression of wild-type alpha-synuclein causes degeneration during adenosine, 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-induced differentiation of murine neuroblastoma (NB) cells in culture.	Adenosine	111-120	synuclein, alpha	Mus musculus	68-83
16149054-3	2005	SAH is then hydrolyzed to Hcy and adenosine by SAH-hydrolase (SAHH).	Adenosine	34-43	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	47-60
16149054-3	2005	SAH is then hydrolyzed to Hcy and adenosine by SAH-hydrolase (SAHH).	Adenosine	34-43	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	62-66
16177079-1	2005	The effect of adenosine and its analogues on the cytotoxic activity of IL-2-activated NK cells was investigated.	Adenosine	14-23	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	71-75
16055709-1	2005	The RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 modifies adenosines by deamination and produces A-to-I mutations in mRNA.	Adenosine	38-48	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	23-28
15857155-6	2005	We show that this potential complication of clinically widely used oxygenation procedures could be completely prevented by intratracheal injection of a selective A2AR agonist to compensate for the oxygenation-related loss of the lung tissue-protecting endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	263-272	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	162-166
18404503-5	2005	Adenosine containing dinucleotides exhibit some level of activity on P2Y(1) while uridine containing dinucleotides have some level of agonist response on P2Y(2) and P2Y(6).	Adenosine	0-9	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Homo sapiens	69-75
15381153-4	2005	The investigation revealed that the endogenous ADP-ribosylation of eEF2 is complex and can take place in K562 cell lysates either under the action of endogenous transferase from [adenosine-14C]NAD or by direct binding of free [14C]ADP-ribose.	Adenosine	179-188	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2	Homo sapiens	67-71
15583013-3	2004	Guided by previous work indicating that hypoxia-induced vascular leakage is, at least in part, controlled by adenosine, we generated mice with a targeted disruption of the third coding exon of Cd73 to test the hypothesis that CD73-generated extracellular adenosine functions in an innate protective pathway for hypoxia-induced vascular leakage.	Adenosine	255-264	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	226-230
15493036-2	2004	PNP converts adenosine analogs into toxic metabolites that diffuse across cell membranes to kill neighbouring untransduced cells (PNP-GDEPT).	Adenosine	13-22	purine-nucleoside phosphorylase	Mus musculus	0-3
15493036-2	2004	PNP converts adenosine analogs into toxic metabolites that diffuse across cell membranes to kill neighbouring untransduced cells (PNP-GDEPT).	Adenosine	13-22	purine-nucleoside phosphorylase	Mus musculus	130-133
18404402-0	2004	GPR80/99, proposed to be the P2Y(15) receptor activated by adenosine and AMP, is not a P2Y receptor.	Adenosine	59-68	oxoglutarate receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
18404402-1	2004	The orphan receptor GPR80 (also called GPR99) was recently reported to be the P2Y(15) receptor activated by AMP and adenosine and coupled to increases in cyclic AMP accumulation and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization (Inbe et al.	Adenosine	116-125	oxoglutarate receptor 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
18404402-10	2004	Taken together, these data demonstrate that GPR80 is not activated by adenosine, AMP or other nucleotides, but instead is activated by alpha-ketoglutarate.	Adenosine	70-79	oxoglutarate receptor 1	Homo sapiens	44-49
15358667-12	2004	Thus, our data provide the first evidence that adenosine, extracellularly formed by CD73, can modulate coronary vascular tone, inhibit platelet activation, and play an important role in leukocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium in vivo.	Adenosine	47-56	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	84-88
15465666-8	2004	Since 5"-nucleotidase represents the major enzyme responsible for the formation of extracellular adenosine, the enzymatic characterization is important to understand its role in purinergic systems and the involvement of adenosine in the regulation of neurotransmitter release.	Adenosine	97-106	5'-nucleotidase, ecto (CD73)	Danio rerio	6-21
15465666-8	2004	Since 5"-nucleotidase represents the major enzyme responsible for the formation of extracellular adenosine, the enzymatic characterization is important to understand its role in purinergic systems and the involvement of adenosine in the regulation of neurotransmitter release.	Adenosine	220-229	5'-nucleotidase, ecto (CD73)	Danio rerio	6-21
15361858-3	2004	A small region of human K(V)1.1 mRNA sequence directs efficient modification of one adenosine by human adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 (hADAR2).	Adenosine	84-93	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	24-31
15361858-7	2004	In addition, we demonstrate that mRNAs for the paralogous D. melanogaster Shab potassium channel are edited at the same position by fly ADAR-a clear example of convergent evolution driven by adenosine deamination.	Adenosine	191-200	Shaker cognate b	Drosophila melanogaster	74-78
15257174-1	2004	OBJECTIVE: To test markers within adenosine-related genes: A1 and A2a receptors (ADORA1, ADORA2a) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) for potential involvement in essential hypertension (EH).	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	89-96
15146054-5	2004	In Rab3A knockout mice, which have been shown to have an increased sensitivity to adenosine, the simultaneous reduction in Ca(2+) currents and ACh secretion occurred at significantly lower adenosine concentrations (&lt; or = 50 microM).	Adenosine	82-91	RAB3A, member RAS oncogene family	Mus musculus	3-8
15146054-5	2004	In Rab3A knockout mice, which have been shown to have an increased sensitivity to adenosine, the simultaneous reduction in Ca(2+) currents and ACh secretion occurred at significantly lower adenosine concentrations (&lt; or = 50 microM).	Adenosine	189-198	RAB3A, member RAS oncogene family	Mus musculus	3-8
15240680-4	2004	The inhibitory effect of adenosine on IL-2-induced STAT5a/b tyrosine phosphorylation was reversed by the protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors sodium orthovanadate and bpV(phen).	Adenosine	25-34	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	38-42
15240680-4	2004	The inhibitory effect of adenosine on IL-2-induced STAT5a/b tyrosine phosphorylation was reversed by the protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors sodium orthovanadate and bpV(phen).	Adenosine	25-34	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Mus musculus	51-57
15240680-5	2004	Adenosine dramatically increased Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP-2) tyrosine phosphorylation and its association with STAT5 in IL-2-stimulated CTLL-2 T cells, implicating SHP-2 in adenosine-induced STAT5a/b dephosphorylation.	Adenosine	0-9	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Mus musculus	145-150
15240680-5	2004	Adenosine dramatically increased Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP-2) tyrosine phosphorylation and its association with STAT5 in IL-2-stimulated CTLL-2 T cells, implicating SHP-2 in adenosine-induced STAT5a/b dephosphorylation.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	154-158
15240680-5	2004	Adenosine dramatically increased Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP-2) tyrosine phosphorylation and its association with STAT5 in IL-2-stimulated CTLL-2 T cells, implicating SHP-2 in adenosine-induced STAT5a/b dephosphorylation.	Adenosine	0-9	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Mus musculus	225-231
15240680-6	2004	The inhibitory effect of adenosine on IL-2-induced STAT5a/b tyrosine phosphorylation was reproduced by A(2) receptor agonists and was blocked by selective A(2a) and A(2b) receptor antagonists, indicating that adenosine was mediating its effect through A(2) receptors.	Adenosine	25-34	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	38-42
15240680-6	2004	The inhibitory effect of adenosine on IL-2-induced STAT5a/b tyrosine phosphorylation was reproduced by A(2) receptor agonists and was blocked by selective A(2a) and A(2b) receptor antagonists, indicating that adenosine was mediating its effect through A(2) receptors.	Adenosine	25-34	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Mus musculus	51-57
15240680-6	2004	The inhibitory effect of adenosine on IL-2-induced STAT5a/b tyrosine phosphorylation was reproduced by A(2) receptor agonists and was blocked by selective A(2a) and A(2b) receptor antagonists, indicating that adenosine was mediating its effect through A(2) receptors.	Adenosine	209-218	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	38-42
15240680-6	2004	The inhibitory effect of adenosine on IL-2-induced STAT5a/b tyrosine phosphorylation was reproduced by A(2) receptor agonists and was blocked by selective A(2a) and A(2b) receptor antagonists, indicating that adenosine was mediating its effect through A(2) receptors.	Adenosine	209-218	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Mus musculus	51-57
15240680-9	2004	Collectively, these findings suggest that adenosine acts through A(2) receptors and associated cAMP/protein kinase A-dependent signaling pathways to activate SHP-2 and cause STAT5 dephosphorylation that results in reduced IL-2R signaling in T cells.	Adenosine	42-51	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Mus musculus	174-179
15187156-4	2004	The adenosine analog 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) (10 microM) increased mRNA expression of IL-1beta, IL-3, IL-4, IL-8, and IL-13, but not IL-2 and IFN-gamma.	Adenosine	4-13	interleukin 3	Homo sapiens	110-114
15165742-0	2004	S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase as a target for intracellular adenosine action.	Adenosine	63-72	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	0-32
15165742-3	2004	Pharmacological modulation of AdoHcyase to indirectly inhibit methyltransferases can be guided by the fact that adenosine binds with high affinity to AdoHcyase and inhibits enzyme activity.	Adenosine	112-121	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	30-39
15165742-3	2004	Pharmacological modulation of AdoHcyase to indirectly inhibit methyltransferases can be guided by the fact that adenosine binds with high affinity to AdoHcyase and inhibits enzyme activity.	Adenosine	112-121	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	150-159
15042566-7	2004	CONCLUSION: A to T transversions, as observed here, are the typical mutations observed in the H-ras gene of tumors induced when rodents are treated with AA and correspond with DNA adduct formation at adenosine residues.	Adenosine	200-209	HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	94-99
14758478-7	2004	Adenosine also blocked TRPM4 at 630 microM.	Adenosine	0-9	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4	Homo sapiens	23-28
14687222-5	2004	A specific inhibitor of 5"-NT, adenosine 5"-[alpha,beta-methylene] diphosphate blocked the inhibition of GM-CSF production, suggesting that adenosine converted from 5"-AMP acts on the inhibitory effects.	Adenosine	31-40	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	105-111
15609080-1	2004	The role of muscle contraction, prostanoids, nitric oxide and adenosine in the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and endothelial cell proliferative compounds in skeletal muscle cell cultures was examined.	Adenosine	62-71	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	93-127
15609080-1	2004	The role of muscle contraction, prostanoids, nitric oxide and adenosine in the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and endothelial cell proliferative compounds in skeletal muscle cell cultures was examined.	Adenosine	62-71	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	129-133
15609080-9	2004	Adenosine enhanced the basal VEGF release from muscle cells by 75% compared to control.	Adenosine	0-9	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	29-33
15609080-10	2004	The present data demonstrate that contractile activity, NO, adenosine and products of cyclooxygenase regulate the expression of VEGF and bFGF mRNA in skeletal muscle cells and that contractile activity and NO regulate endothelial cell proliferative compounds in muscle extracellular fluid.	Adenosine	60-69	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	128-132
15342215-9	2004	Quercetin and resveratrol restored the decreased CD39/ATPdase activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, in response to thrombin as demonstrated by adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and adenosine increases in endothelial culture supernatants.	Adenosine	157-166	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	49-53
15342215-9	2004	Quercetin and resveratrol restored the decreased CD39/ATPdase activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, in response to thrombin as demonstrated by adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and adenosine increases in endothelial culture supernatants.	Adenosine	157-166	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	54-61
14651954-3	2003	Since adenosine receptor occupancy has been associated with activation of the cAMP-PKA system as well as of p38 MAPK and p42/44 MAPK, all of which can activate the CREB transcription factor system, we hypothesized that adenosine would activate CREB in macrophages.	Adenosine	6-15	cyclin dependent kinase 20	Homo sapiens	121-124
14651954-6	2003	Adenosine stimulated both p38 and p42/44 MAPK activation.	Adenosine	0-9	cyclin dependent kinase 20	Homo sapiens	34-37
12970111-2	2003	Adenosine is known to protect the heart from excessive catecholamine exposure, reduce production of endothelin-1, and attenuate the activation of the renin-angiotensin system.	Adenosine	0-9	endothelin 1	Mus musculus	100-112
12810710-15	2003	Adenosine and uridine transport by AtENT3, although partly sensitive to the vasodilator drugs dilazep and dipyridamole, was resistant to the nucleoside analogue nitrobenzylmercaptopurine ribonucleoside.	Adenosine	0-9	Major facilitator superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	35-41
12952466-4	2003	However, our understanding of the chemical mechanism of the ADAR-catalyzed adenosine deamination in RNA is lagging.	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	60-64
12916015-0	2003	Mutations of the RNA-specific adenosine deaminase gene (DSRAD) are involved in dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	56-61
14499869-12	2003	CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that the C34T mutation of AMPD1 leads to a decrease in cardiac enzyme activity of AMP-deaminase without changes in any other adenosine-regulating enzymes, highlighting the importance of local cardiac metabolic changes.	Adenosine	160-169	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	61-66
12940889-15	2003	Although PKC-epsilon was activated during treatment with adenosine, diazoxide or SNAP alone, it was inactivated after washout.	Adenosine	57-66	protein kinase C epsilon	Homo sapiens	9-20
12939345-6	2003	Subsequent studies revealed that ATP is coordinately hydrolyzed to adenosine at the endothelial cell surface by hypoxia-induced CD39 and CD73 (&gt;20-and &gt;12-fold increase in mRNA, respectively).	Adenosine	67-76	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	137-141
12950459-1	2003	We have used improved miniaturized adenosine biosensors to measure adenosine release during hypoxia from within the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices.	Adenosine	67-76	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	116-119
12950459-3	2003	Our new measurements demonstrate the rapid production of adenosine during hypoxia that precedes and accompanies depression of excitatory transmission within area CA1.	Adenosine	57-66	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	162-165
12920200-1	2003	Adenosine acting via A2a receptors (A2aR) is a potent cerebral vasodilator that relaxes vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by a mechanism attributed to activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAK).	Adenosine	0-9	cyclin-dependent kinase 7	Rattus norvegicus	168-197
12920200-1	2003	Adenosine acting via A2a receptors (A2aR) is a potent cerebral vasodilator that relaxes vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by a mechanism attributed to activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAK).	Adenosine	0-9	cyclin-dependent kinase 7	Rattus norvegicus	199-202
12915207-1	2003	Adenosine (Ado), a naturally occurring autacoid, exerts cardioprotective effects against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury, through activation of its receptors type 1 (A1) and 2A (A2A).	Adenosine	0-9	spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1	Rattus norvegicus	189-192
12915207-1	2003	Adenosine (Ado), a naturally occurring autacoid, exerts cardioprotective effects against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury, through activation of its receptors type 1 (A1) and 2A (A2A).	Adenosine	11-14	spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1	Rattus norvegicus	189-192
12761355-9	2003	Conversely, 1 to 7 h after addition of either adenosine analog (i.e., before the appearance of caspase-3 activation), caspase-2 activity was surprisingly and markedly increased.	Adenosine	46-55	caspase 2	Homo sapiens	118-127
12761355-10	2003	The selective caspase-2 inhibitor N-benzyloxy carbonyl-Val-Asp-Val-Ala-Asp-fmk significantly reduced both adenosine analogs-induced caspase-2 activation and the associated cell death.	Adenosine	106-115	caspase 2	Homo sapiens	14-23
12761355-10	2003	The selective caspase-2 inhibitor N-benzyloxy carbonyl-Val-Asp-Val-Ala-Asp-fmk significantly reduced both adenosine analogs-induced caspase-2 activation and the associated cell death.	Adenosine	106-115	caspase 2	Homo sapiens	132-141
12761355-11	2003	We conclude that adenosine analogs induce the apoptosis of human astrocytoma cells by activating an atypical apoptotic cascade involving caspase-2 as an initiator caspase, and effector caspase-3.	Adenosine	17-26	caspase 2	Homo sapiens	137-146
14565277-4	2003	The product was converted to adenosine, indicating that the stereochemistry at C-2" is retained.	Adenosine	29-38	complement C2	Homo sapiens	79-82
12523934-4	2003	Although Pik1p and Stt4p are closely related members of the Type III class of PI 4-kinases, Lsb6p belongs to the distinct Type II class, based on its amino acid sequence, its sensitivity to inhibition by adenosine and its insensitivity to wortmannin.	Adenosine	204-213	1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase LSB6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	92-97
12651057-10	2003	Synchrotron radiation microangiography (spatial resolution, 20 microm) and flow determination with microspheres confirmed significant vascular responsiveness to adenosine administration in the GHG-FGF4 group, but not in the naked FGF4-gene and the control.	Adenosine	161-170	fibroblast growth factor 4	Oryctolagus cuniculus	197-201
12592005-1	2003	Adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA, ADAR, catalyzes the conversion of adenosine into inosine within double-stranded RNA.	Adenosine	72-81	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	38-42
12606947-7	2003	Adenosine also suppressed NF-kappaB-dependent reporter gene expression activated by TNF or by overexpression of TNFR1, TRAF 2, NIK, and p65 subunit of NF-kappaB.	Adenosine	0-9	TNF receptor superfamily member 1A	Homo sapiens	112-117
12606947-7	2003	Adenosine also suppressed NF-kappaB-dependent reporter gene expression activated by TNF or by overexpression of TNFR1, TRAF 2, NIK, and p65 subunit of NF-kappaB.	Adenosine	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14	Homo sapiens	127-130
12453429-2	2002	We report that the RNA editing enzyme ADAR1, which catalyzes the deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA substrates, induces translation within the nucleus, possibly at the surface of the nucleolus.	Adenosine	80-89	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	38-43
12163487-1	2002	RNA editing by members of the ADAR (adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA) enzyme family involves hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine within the context of a double-stranded pre-mRNA substrate.	Adenosine	36-45	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	30-34
12370277-2	2002	Extracellular AMP is metabolized to adenosine by surface-expressed ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) and subsequently activates surface adenosine receptors regulating endothelial and epithelial barrier function.	Adenosine	36-45	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	67-87
12370277-2	2002	Extracellular AMP is metabolized to adenosine by surface-expressed ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) and subsequently activates surface adenosine receptors regulating endothelial and epithelial barrier function.	Adenosine	36-45	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	89-93
12235271-1	2002	Excitatory glutamatergic synapses in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats are potently inhibited by purines, including adenosine, ATP, and ATP analogs.	Adenosine	117-126	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
12189203-2	2002	Here we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence for a synergism between adenosine and glutamate based on subtype 5 metabotropic glutamate (mGluR5) and adenosine A2A (A2AR) receptor/receptor interactions.	Adenosine	70-79	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	159-162
12189203-2	2002	Here we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence for a synergism between adenosine and glutamate based on subtype 5 metabotropic glutamate (mGluR5) and adenosine A2A (A2AR) receptor/receptor interactions.	Adenosine	70-79	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	164-168
12187107-1	2002	It has been demonstrated in anti-Thy1 glomerulonephritis that extracellular adenine nucleotides have a significant pro-inflammatory activity, however, glomerular ATP/ADPase, which in concert with 5"-nucleotidase converts ATP/ADP, and AMP to anti-inflammatory adenosine had an anti-inflammatory role.	Adenosine	259-268	Thy-1 cell surface antigen	Homo sapiens	33-37
12152652-11	2002	We conclude that TF inhibition by ADO on human purified monocytes involved A3 receptors.	Adenosine	34-37	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	17-19
11927587-2	2002	S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine to form adenosine and homocysteine.	Adenosine	104-113	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	0-32
11927587-2	2002	S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine to form adenosine and homocysteine.	Adenosine	104-113	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	34-43
12036374-0	2002	Sugar-modified conjugated diene analogues of adenosine and uridine: synthesis, interaction with S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, and antiviral and cytostatic effects.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	96-131
11604520-1	2001	RNA editing of specific residues by adenosine deamination is a nuclear process catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR).	Adenosine	36-45	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	92-126
11604520-1	2001	RNA editing of specific residues by adenosine deamination is a nuclear process catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR).	Adenosine	36-45	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	128-132
11421361-1	2001	RNA editing catalyzed by ADAR1 and ADAR2 involves the site-specific conversion of adenosine to inosine within imperfectly duplexed RNA.	Adenosine	82-91	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	25-30
11070497-7	2000	Ado also suppressed the induction of two stress proteins HSC70 and HSP27.	Adenosine	0-3	heat shock protein family B (small) member 1	Homo sapiens	67-72
11067872-2	2000	CD26-bound ADA has been postulated to regulate extracellular adenosine levels and to modulate the costimulatory function of CD26 on T lymphocytes.	Adenosine	61-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
11070079-2	2000	ADAR1, an RNA editing enzyme that converts adenosine to inosine, possesses three copies of a dsRNA-binding motif (dsRBM).	Adenosine	43-52	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-5
11068019-7	2000	The data show that adenosine and chloroadenosine directly inhibit hippocampal CA1 interneurons by blocking the synaptic input, by hyperpolarizing the membrane potential and by depressing the afterhyperpolarization following individual action potential spikes.	Adenosine	19-28	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
11045944-1	2000	We tested whether increased endogenous adenosine produced by the adenosine kinase inhibitor GP-515 (Metabasis Therapeutics) can induce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in cultured rat myocardial myoblasts (RMMs).	Adenosine	39-48	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	135-169
11045944-1	2000	We tested whether increased endogenous adenosine produced by the adenosine kinase inhibitor GP-515 (Metabasis Therapeutics) can induce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in cultured rat myocardial myoblasts (RMMs).	Adenosine	39-48	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	171-175
11069599-5	2000	However, when the adenosine A2A antagonist MSX-3 was applied simultaneously with quinpirole, the inhibition of neuronal firing seen after quinpirole alone was significantly potentiated (P< 0.001, n = 11).	Adenosine	18-27	msh homeobox 3	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
11041852-11	2000	Finally, we observed that Xenopus and human ADAR1 deaminate the same adenosines on all RNAs tested, emphasizing the similarity of ADAR1 in these two species.	Adenosine	69-79	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	44-49
11041852-12	2000	Our data add substantially to the understanding of ADAR2 specificity, and aid in efforts to predict which ADAR deaminates a given editing site adenosine in vivo.	Adenosine	143-152	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	51-55
10983840-3	2000	Vasodilation induced by adenosine was markedly suppressed by ZM 241385 (1 micromol/l, A2A antagonist) and alloxazine (1 micromol/l, A2B antagonist), but not by 8-cyclopentyltheophylline (CPT, 1 micromol/l, A1 antagonist).	Adenosine	24-33	spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
10983840-8	2000	Thus, it is suggested that adenosine-induced vasodilation of the rat pial artery is mediated via activation of adenosine A2A and A2B receptors, but not by A1 subtype, and activation of adenosine A2A receptor preferentially contributes to the autoregulatory vasodilation via activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels in response to hypotension and maintenance of CBF autoregulation.	Adenosine	27-36	spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
10983840-8	2000	Thus, it is suggested that adenosine-induced vasodilation of the rat pial artery is mediated via activation of adenosine A2A and A2B receptors, but not by A1 subtype, and activation of adenosine A2A receptor preferentially contributes to the autoregulatory vasodilation via activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels in response to hypotension and maintenance of CBF autoregulation.	Adenosine	27-36	spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1	Rattus norvegicus	195-198
10946066-1	2000	OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare protective effects of AMP579 and adenosine (Ado) at reperfusion (R) on inhibition of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) activation, PMN-mediated injury to coronary artery endothelium, and final infarct size.	Adenosine	85-94	2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenase	Canis lupus familiaris	96-99
11055547-3	2000	In the first series of experiments, the effects of an FR scavenger, N-2-mercaptopropionyl glycine (MPG), on the interstitial adenosine level during PC and on the infarct size-limiting effect of PC were assessed in the rabbit heart in situ.	Adenosine	125-134	DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	99-102
11951107-0	2000	[Adenosine inhibits spontaneous and glutamate  induced   discharges of hippocampal CA1 neurons].	Adenosine	1-10	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
11951107-1	2000	Effects of adenosine (Ado) on spontaneous and glutamate induced discharges of neurons in CA1 area of hippocampal slices were examined using extracelluar recording technique.	Adenosine	11-20	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
11951107-1	2000	Effects of adenosine (Ado) on spontaneous and glutamate induced discharges of neurons in CA1 area of hippocampal slices were examined using extracelluar recording technique.	Adenosine	22-25	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
11951107-8	2000	Taken together, it is suggested that Ado can bind with adenosine A1-receptors on CA1 neurons, resulting in an activation of K(ATP) channels and inhibition of neuronal activity.	Adenosine	37-40	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
10809022-2	2000	A variety of adenosine analogues inhibit the replication of Ebola virus in vitro, probably by blocking the cellular enzyme, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, thereby indirectly limiting methylation of the 5" cap of viral messenger RNA.	Adenosine	13-22	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase	Mus musculus	124-159
10639178-6	2000	(i) Expression of Galpha(oA), Galpha(oB), and Galpha(i2) (along with Gbeta(1)gamma(2)) reconstituted VD inhibition mediated by alpha(2)-adrenergic, adenosine, somatostatin, and prostaglandin E(2) receptors.	Adenosine	148-157	G protein subunit alpha i2	Rattus norvegicus	46-55
10639178-9	2000	The following rank order of coupling efficiency was observed: Galpha(oA) = Galpha(oB) &gt; Galpha(i2) for alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor; Galpha(i2) &gt; Galpha(oA) = Galpha(oB) for adenosine and prostaglandin E(2) receptors; and Galpha(oB) = Galpha(i2) &gt; Galpha(oA) for the somatostatin receptor.	Adenosine	180-189	G protein subunit alpha i2	Rattus norvegicus	91-100
10606765-3	2000	At physiological pH, recombinant AK from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and AK from beef liver (BL) show higher affinities for the substrate adenosine (Ado), larger maximum velocities and lower sensitivities to substrate inhibition in the presence of Pi.	Adenosine	144-153	adenosine kinase	Cricetulus griseus	33-35
10606765-3	2000	At physiological pH, recombinant AK from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and AK from beef liver (BL) show higher affinities for the substrate adenosine (Ado), larger maximum velocities and lower sensitivities to substrate inhibition in the presence of Pi.	Adenosine	144-153	adenosine kinase	Cricetulus griseus	79-81
10606765-3	2000	At physiological pH, recombinant AK from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and AK from beef liver (BL) show higher affinities for the substrate adenosine (Ado), larger maximum velocities and lower sensitivities to substrate inhibition in the presence of Pi.	Adenosine	155-158	adenosine kinase	Cricetulus griseus	33-35
10606765-3	2000	At physiological pH, recombinant AK from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and AK from beef liver (BL) show higher affinities for the substrate adenosine (Ado), larger maximum velocities and lower sensitivities to substrate inhibition in the presence of Pi.	Adenosine	155-158	adenosine kinase	Cricetulus griseus	79-81
10996455-1	2000	The present study was done to determine the possible effects of endogenous adenosine, present in the extracellular fluid of the hippocampal slice, on pyramidal cells in the CA1 region using intracellular recording techniques.	Adenosine	75-84	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	173-176
12903252-0	2000	Synthesis of 2-5As possessing base-modified adenosines and their activities to human recombinant RNase L.	Adenosine	44-54	ribonuclease L	Homo sapiens	97-104
12903252-3	2000	We report the syntheses of base-modified adenosine-substituted 2-5A derivatives, their interaction with recombinant human RNase L and their biological stability.	Adenosine	41-50	ribonuclease L	Homo sapiens	122-129
10583373-2	1999	In addition, human DPPIV, also known as the T-cell activation antigen CD26, binds adenosine deaminase (ADA) to the T-cell surface, thus protecting the T-cell from adenosine-mediated inhibition of proliferation.	Adenosine	82-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
10553945-0	1999	Acute peroxide treatment of rat hippocampal slices induces adenosine-mediated inhibition of excitatory transmission in area CA1.	Adenosine	59-68	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	124-127
10403781-8	1999	The identification of APOBEC-2 indicates that APOBEC-1 is not the only member of the C--&gt;U editing enzyme subfamily, which, like the A (adenosine)--&gt;I (inosine) subfamily of editing enzymes, must encompass at least two and possibly more different deaminase enzymes.	Adenosine	139-148	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	46-54
10530894-7	1999	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) had a marked stimulatory effect on lipolysis, especially during the "feeding" period, suggesting that adenosine may be a potent lipolytic modulator in marmot adipocytes.	Adenosine	128-137	adenosine deaminase	Marmota marmota marmota	0-19
10530894-7	1999	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) had a marked stimulatory effect on lipolysis, especially during the "feeding" period, suggesting that adenosine may be a potent lipolytic modulator in marmot adipocytes.	Adenosine	128-137	adenosine deaminase	Marmota marmota marmota	21-24
10200312-1	1999	RNA-specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR1) catalyzes the deamination of adenosine to inosine in viral and cellular RNAs.	Adenosine	13-22	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	34-39
9887086-8	1999	The addition of 10 microM adenosine activated a linear conductance identical to that recorded with FK and corresponding to the CFTR-like conductance.	Adenosine	26-35	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Oryctolagus cuniculus	127-131
9887086-13	1999	Overall, the data show that the DC1 cell line expressed an apical CFTR Cl- conductance that could be activated by adenosine via A2A receptors located in the basolateral membrane and involving G protein and PKA pathways.	Adenosine	114-123	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Oryctolagus cuniculus	66-70
10022007-6	1999	When measured in the presence of maximal concentrations of adenosine analog, isoproterenol caused an increase in lipolysis above basal, which was twofold greater for explants cultured with insulin plus dexamethasone plus bST than for explants cultured with insulin plus dexamethasone.	Adenosine	59-68	insulin	Bos taurus	189-196
10022007-9	1999	The addition of insulin plus dexamethasone to chronic cultures better maintained the intracellular signaling system, including sensitivity and responsiveness to adenosine inhibition of lipolysis.	Adenosine	161-170	insulin	Bos taurus	16-23
10096472-1	1999	We investigated whether adenosine neuromodulation is involved in a benzodiazepine (midazolam)-induced depression of excitatory synaptic transmissions in the CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions in rat hippocampal slices.	Adenosine	24-33	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	157-160
10096472-11	1999	The results suggest that midazolam (1 microM) depresses excitatory synaptic transmissions through the adenosine neuromodulatory system by inhibiting adenosine uptake in the CA1 and DG regions of the hippocampus.	Adenosine	102-111	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	173-176
10096472-11	1999	The results suggest that midazolam (1 microM) depresses excitatory synaptic transmissions through the adenosine neuromodulatory system by inhibiting adenosine uptake in the CA1 and DG regions of the hippocampus.	Adenosine	149-158	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	173-176
10051190-0	1999	Masking of forskolin-induced long-term potentiation by adenosine accumulation in area CA1 of the rat hippocampus.	Adenosine	55-64	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
9735305-2	1998	ADAR catalyzes the C-6 deamination of adenosine in double-stranded (ds) structures present in viral RNAs and cellular pre-mRNAs as well as synthetic dsRNA substrates.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-4
9636358-3	1998	The RNA-specific adenosine deaminase, ADAR, is an interferon-inducible RNA-editing enzyme that catalyzes the site-selective C-6 deamination of adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	38-42
9596631-7	1998	The deduced amino acid sequence of PFC1 has identity with rRNA methylases found in bacteria and yeast that modify specific adenosines of pre-rRNA transcripts.	Adenosine	123-133	Ribosomal RNA adenine dimethylase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	35-39
9653878-1	1998	Excitatory effects of adenosine in the rat hippocampus were studied by intracellular recording from CA1 pyramidal cells in vitro.	Adenosine	22-31	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
9653878-13	1998	These results indicate that the excitatory effects of adenosine may be mediated via activation of adenosine A2 receptors at both presynaptic and postsynaptic sites in the hippocampal CA1 region.	Adenosine	54-63	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	183-186
9571169-4	1998	These results permitted a further dissection of the role of various nucleotidic functional groups in the interaction of 2-5A with RNase L: specifically, that the 5"-terminal adenosine purine N-1 moiety is key for binding to RNase L, while the 2"-terminal adenosine N-6 exocyclic amino group is critical for RNase L activation.	Adenosine	174-183	ribonuclease L	Homo sapiens	130-137
9463389-4	1998	The amount of IMP present in poly(A)+ RNA isolated from various mammalian tissues suggests adenosine deamination may play an important role in regulating gene expression, particularly in brain, where we estimate one IMP is present for every 17 000 ribonucleotides.	Adenosine	91-100	inositol monophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	14-17
9463389-4	1998	The amount of IMP present in poly(A)+ RNA isolated from various mammalian tissues suggests adenosine deamination may play an important role in regulating gene expression, particularly in brain, where we estimate one IMP is present for every 17 000 ribonucleotides.	Adenosine	91-100	inositol monophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	216-219
9475512-9	1998	Results showed that the administration of convulsant MP and adenosine analogue CPA exerts differential effects on adenosine A1 receptors in CNS areas; hippocampus is the most affected area with all treatments, specially CA1 subarea, supporting an essential role in convulsant activity as well as in seizure prevention.	Adenosine	60-69	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	220-223
9503825-5	1998	Cholinergic neurons in DBH, PPT, and LDT which are involved in the promotion of wakefulness, are presumed to be the target structure of adenosine to promote sleep by causing a depressant effect on the neuronal excitation through A1 adenosine receptor.	Adenosine	136-145	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
9435300-5	1998	Finally, as we have shown previously, adenosine mediates the antiinflammatory effects of methotrexate and sulfasalazine in the murine air pouch model of inflammation, and injection of APCP, the ecto-5"-nucleotidase inhibitor, abrogates completely the increase in adenosine and the decrement in inflammation in this in vivo model.	Adenosine	38-47	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	194-214
9708366-0	1998	Carbocyclic adenosine analogues as S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitors and antiviral agents: recent advances.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	35-67
9550406-9	1997	Only the ADA bound to CD26 on the cell surface was functional and could counteract the inhibitory effect of elevated extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	131-140	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-26
9325320-3	1997	Strong evidence against the intracellular lymphotoxicity of Ado (and in support of the signaling model) is provided by abrogation of TCR-triggered growth inhibition in Ado-exposed T cells.	Adenosine	60-63	T cell receptor alpha variable 6-3	Mus musculus	133-136
9310485-11	1997	The adenosine receptor antagonist, 8-(p-sulfophenyl) theophylline, partially counteracted the anticoagulant activity of dilazep on HUVECs, thereby suggesting that the inhibitory effect of dilazep on TF expression in HUVECs depends, at least in part, on its adenosine potentiating activity.	Adenosine	4-13	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	199-201
9235909-2	1997	Ribonuclease L (RNase L) is an endoribonuclease that is activated upon binding of adenosine oligomers linked 2" to 5" to cleave viral and cellular RNAs.	Adenosine	82-91	ribonuclease L	Homo sapiens	0-14
9235909-2	1997	Ribonuclease L (RNase L) is an endoribonuclease that is activated upon binding of adenosine oligomers linked 2" to 5" to cleave viral and cellular RNAs.	Adenosine	82-91	ribonuclease L	Homo sapiens	16-23
9205063-2	1997	Solid tumors, such as adenocarcinomas of the lung and colon, are frequently hypoxic and are, therefore, likely to exhibit increased adenine nucleotide breakdown through the 5"-nucleotidase pathway, yielding adenosine.	Adenosine	207-216	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	173-188
9171871-0	1997	Anticancer and antiviral effects and inactivation of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase with 5"-carboxaldehydes and oximes synthesized from adenosine and sugar-modified analogues.	Adenosine	141-150	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	53-88
9068986-2	1997	The effect of high-dose adenosine administration on atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release is not completely understood, and data concerning the effect of adenosine on renal and systemic hemodynamics in the pig are lacking.	Adenosine	24-33	natriuretic peptides A	Sus scrofa	80-83
9068986-8	1997	Likewise, heart rate remained unchanged until the end of infusion when it increased significantly, Plasma ANP and ADH concentrations increased significantly within 30 min after adenosine infusion, reaching peak levels at 30 to 60 min.	Adenosine	177-186	natriuretic peptides A	Sus scrofa	106-109
9068986-11	1997	The adenosine-induced rise in ANP, which is normally released by atrial stretch, may represent a direct effect of adenosine on the cardiac myocytes.	Adenosine	4-13	natriuretic peptides A	Sus scrofa	30-33
9068986-11	1997	The adenosine-induced rise in ANP, which is normally released by atrial stretch, may represent a direct effect of adenosine on the cardiac myocytes.	Adenosine	114-123	natriuretic peptides A	Sus scrofa	30-33
9045870-1	1997	The adenosine producing enzyme ecto-5"-nucleotidase (5"-NT) is not normally expressed during thymocyte development until the medullary stage.	Adenosine	4-13	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	31-51
9144654-0	1997	Endogenous adenosine on membrane properties of CA1 neurons in rat hippocampal slices during normoxia and hypoxia.	Adenosine	11-20	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
9144654-1	1997	The effects of endogenous adenosine release on CA1 neurons in hippocampal slices were studied under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, by using extra-/intracellular and whole-cell recordings.	Adenosine	26-35	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
9144654-2	1997	During normoxia, the adenosine antagonist, 8-(p-sulphophenyl) theophylline (8-SPT) or adenosine deaminase (ADA) potentiated both evoked CA1 EPSPs and spontaneous synaptic activity, but not monosynaptic IPSPs; there was a minimal depolarization (by 1 mV), probably caused by the enhanced synaptic activity, but no increase in input conductance.	Adenosine	21-30	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-139
9416294-3	1997	We hypothesized that during the delayed phase after TBI in humans: 1) CSF adenosine concentration is associated with uncoupling of CBF and CMRO2, and 2) adenosine formation is driven by mediator-stimulated cAMP production in injured brain.	Adenosine	74-83	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	70-73
9416294-6	1997	CSF adenosine concentration was negatively associated with AVDO2 and strongly associated with death (both p &lt; 0.05), CSF lactate peaked during the initial 18 h, but remained increased for 5 days.	Adenosine	4-13	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
8986223-9	1996	Similarity of AUC values of acetate considered, these observations suggest that ALDH2 polymorphism results in change of effects of acetate and acetate-generated adenosine on the central nervous system and other organs during chronic ethanol consumption.	Adenosine	161-170	aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member	Rattus norvegicus	80-85
9131422-3	1996	Studies have shown that P1 and P2 purinoceptor activation by adenosine and ATP, respectively, can selectively evoke alterations in renal microvascular diameter.	Adenosine	61-70	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	31-46
8843903-12	1996	CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the hypoxia-induced accumulation of adenosine stimulates VEGF gene expression through stimulation of adenosine A2a receptor and subsequent activation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A pathway in retinal vascular cells.	Adenosine	73-82	adenosine A2a receptor	Bos taurus	138-160
8886406-2	1996	In the present work, we investigated the action of adenosine originating from extracellular catabolism of adenine nucleotides, in two preparations where synaptic transmission is modulated by both inhibitory A1 and excitatory A(2a)-adenosine receptors, the rat hippocampal Schaffer fibres/CA1 pyramid synapses and the rat innervated hemidiaphragm.	Adenosine	51-60	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	288-291
8781559-0	1996	Sulfatide-induced L-selectin activation generates intracellular oxygen radicals in human neutrophils: modulation by extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	130-139	selectin L	Homo sapiens	18-28
8781559-10	1996	Adenosine is an anti-inflammatory agent predominately released from the vascular endothelium which might suppress an inappropriate activation of the oxidase during L-selectin-mediated rolling of neutrophils.	Adenosine	0-9	selectin L	Homo sapiens	164-174
8781559-16	1996	This process might be dependent on a L-selectin-mediated increase in the expression and activity of ADA, which locally reduces the extracellular level of adenosine.	Adenosine	154-163	selectin L	Homo sapiens	37-47
8796120-8	1996	Adenosine (100 nM) inhibited this late CD18-dependent/L-selectin-independent phase of adhesion (by 61 +/- 14%, P &lt; 0.05).	Adenosine	0-9	selectin L	Homo sapiens	54-64
8796120-12	1996	Inhibition of adhesion by adenosine interferes with L-selectin-independent carbohydrate binding and possibly CD18.	Adenosine	26-35	selectin L	Homo sapiens	52-62
8813602-4	1996	In contrast, P2 purinoceptor agonists produced similar outward currents with the order of potency: ADP &gt; or = 2-methylthio ATP &gt; ATP &gt; adenosine &gt;&gt; AMP.	Adenosine	144-153	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	13-28
8656052-0	1996	Effect of adenosine on the expression of beta(2) integrins and L-selectin of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro.	Adenosine	10-19	selectin L	Homo sapiens	63-73
8656052-6	1996	When extracellular concentrations of endogenously formed adenosine were enhanced by the nucleoside uptake inhibitor dipyridamole, up-regulation of beta2 integrins, and shedding of L-selectin was again inhibited.	Adenosine	57-66	selectin L	Homo sapiens	180-190
8656052-7	1996	Both effects were reversed by the enzyme adenosine deaminase, which degrades active adenosine to inactive inosine, suggesting that endogenously formed adenosine may play an important role in the regulation of beta2 integrins and L-selectin of human PMNL.	Adenosine	41-50	selectin L	Homo sapiens	229-239
8656052-7	1996	Both effects were reversed by the enzyme adenosine deaminase, which degrades active adenosine to inactive inosine, suggesting that endogenously formed adenosine may play an important role in the regulation of beta2 integrins and L-selectin of human PMNL.	Adenosine	84-93	selectin L	Homo sapiens	229-239
8734470-4	1996	The two adenosine agonists NECA and PIA were used as preferential agonists of the A2- and A1-receptor, respectively.	Adenosine	8-17	RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2	Homo sapiens	36-39
8568233-7	1996	On the other hand, cells expressing ADA and CD26 on the surface were much more resistant to the inhibitory effect of adenosine.	Adenosine	117-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-48
8568233-8	1996	These data suggest that ADA on the cell surface is involved in an important immunoregulatory mechanism by which released ADA binds to cell surface CD26, and this complex is capable of reducing the local concentration of adenosine.	Adenosine	220-229	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-151
8595560-1	1995	Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) adenosine deaminase (dsRAD) converts adenosines to inosines within dsRNA.	Adenosine	65-75	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	49-54
8576716-1	1995	In the molecular layer of the mouse cerebellum, the histochemical activity of the adenosine-producing ectoenzyme 5"-nucleotidase discloses a parasagittal pattern of alternating enzyme-rich and enzyme-poor bands.	Adenosine	82-91	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	113-128
7650388-1	1995	Inhibition of neutrophil-myocyte adhesion and adhesion-dependent myocyte injury by adenosine was evaluated using isolated TNF-alpha-activated canine cells.	Adenosine	83-92	tumor necrosis factor	Canis lupus familiaris	122-131
7650388-12	1995	These results indicate that exogenous or endogenous adenosine can inhibit neutrophil-myocyte adhesion and injury in cells activated with TNF-alpha by an A2-mediated mechanism.	Adenosine	52-61	tumor necrosis factor	Canis lupus familiaris	137-146
7775460-8	1995	An N181S mutant lost affinity for adenosine agonists substituted at N6 or C-2, but not at C-5".	Adenosine	34-43	complement C2	Homo sapiens	74-77
7777510-2	1995	In the present study, CTF was purified from rat pituitaries and found by means of mass spectrometric analysis to be adenosine.	Adenosine	116-125	nuclear factor I/A	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
7777510-3	1995	This finding was corroborated by the observations that CTF behaves identically to adenosine when subjected to liquid chromatography, is inactivated and converted to inosine by adenosine deaminase, and is qualitatively and quantitatively indistinguishable from adenosine in its biological activity.	Adenosine	82-91	nuclear factor I/A	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
7777510-3	1995	This finding was corroborated by the observations that CTF behaves identically to adenosine when subjected to liquid chromatography, is inactivated and converted to inosine by adenosine deaminase, and is qualitatively and quantitatively indistinguishable from adenosine in its biological activity.	Adenosine	176-185	nuclear factor I/A	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
7707868-2	1995	The VEGF mRNA expression in BMEC could be upregulated 2.5 fold after 6 h of treatment with 5 microM adenosine and adenosine agonists.	Adenosine	100-109	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Sus scrofa	4-8
7707868-2	1995	The VEGF mRNA expression in BMEC could be upregulated 2.5 fold after 6 h of treatment with 5 microM adenosine and adenosine agonists.	Adenosine	114-123	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Sus scrofa	4-8
7707868-3	1995	Adenosine A1 and A2 receptor antagonists completely abolished the upregulation of the VEGF mRNA caused by adenosine.	Adenosine	106-115	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Sus scrofa	86-90
7707868-5	1995	The specific inhibitor of the PKC bisindolymaleimide (BIM) abolished the upregulation of the VEGF mRNA by adenosine completely.	Adenosine	106-115	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Sus scrofa	93-97
7707868-7	1995	Results suggest that the effect of adenosine on the VEGF mRNA expression is mediated via the A1 receptor and that an activation of the PKC may be involved in the observed effects of adenosine on the VEGF mRNA expression.	Adenosine	35-44	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Sus scrofa	52-56
7707868-7	1995	Results suggest that the effect of adenosine on the VEGF mRNA expression is mediated via the A1 receptor and that an activation of the PKC may be involved in the observed effects of adenosine on the VEGF mRNA expression.	Adenosine	182-191	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Sus scrofa	199-203
7707868-8	1995	VEGF produced by BMEC and which is inducible by adenosine may function via the autocrine pathway and may be involved in repair reactions of brain blood vessels and/or the maintenance of these cells.	Adenosine	48-57	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Sus scrofa	0-4
7527814-8	1995	Interactions between L-selectin and the neutrophil cytoskeleton might be altered by adenosine and could contribute to adenosine-mediated adhesion inhibition.	Adenosine	84-93	selectin L	Homo sapiens	21-31
7527814-8	1995	Interactions between L-selectin and the neutrophil cytoskeleton might be altered by adenosine and could contribute to adenosine-mediated adhesion inhibition.	Adenosine	118-127	selectin L	Homo sapiens	21-31
8643357-4	1995	Peptide sequence of the protein shows that it has high similarity to the RNA editing enzyme double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase (dsRAD), which deaminates adenosine in dsRNA to form inosine.	Adenosine	112-121	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	133-138
7527340-0	1994	Preferential selection of adenosines for modification by double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	26-36	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	57-96
7527340-1	1994	Double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase (dsRAD), previously called the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) unwinding/modifying activity, modifies adenosines to inosines within dsRNA.	Adenosine	138-148	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-39
7527340-1	1994	Double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase (dsRAD), previously called the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) unwinding/modifying activity, modifies adenosines to inosines within dsRNA.	Adenosine	138-148	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	41-46
7527340-5	1994	Most importantly, dsRAD exhibited selectivity, modifying a minimal number of adenosines in short dsRNAs.	Adenosine	77-87	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	18-23
7972084-2	1994	DRADA is a ubiquitous nuclear enzyme that converts multiple adenosines to inosines in double-helical RNA substrates without apparent sequence specificity.	Adenosine	60-70	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-5
8190103-2	1994	Adenosine and its agonist analogues differ from ligands for the well studied biogenic amine receptors and rhodopsin in that the adenosine receptor agonists are larger, contain a ribose moiety, and are uncharged at physiological pH.	Adenosine	0-9	rhodopsin	Canis lupus familiaris	106-115
8177492-2	1994	Activation of PKC with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) significantly potentiated cAMP accumulation in response to the adenosine analog N6-R-phenyl-isopropyl adenosine (PIA) and to forskolin.	Adenosine	124-133	RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2	Homo sapiens	141-172
8177492-2	1994	Activation of PKC with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) significantly potentiated cAMP accumulation in response to the adenosine analog N6-R-phenyl-isopropyl adenosine (PIA) and to forskolin.	Adenosine	124-133	RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2	Homo sapiens	174-177
8112233-8	1994	On the other hand, the depressant effect of a single dose of adenosine 10 microM on the CA1 synaptic response was stronger (by 35% on population spikes) and longer lasting in PTZ slices as compared with controls.	Adenosine	61-70	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	88-91
8360491-9	1993	Low concentrations of adenosine are proinflammatory providing enhanced Fc gamma receptor function via A1 receptors, whereas higher concentrations that can occur with tissue damage are anti-inflammatory providing inhibition via A2 receptors.	Adenosine	22-31	Fc gamma receptor Ia	Homo sapiens	71-88
8360491-10	1993	This rapid and potent modulation of Fc gamma receptor-mediated function suggests that adenosine is an important local regulator of the inflammatory response.	Adenosine	86-95	Fc gamma receptor Ia	Homo sapiens	36-53
8241470-1	1993	Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) adenosine deaminase, or DRADA, is a cellular enzyme that modifies adenosine residues to inosines in dsRNA by hydrolytic deamination, replacing A-U with mismatched I-U base pairs.	Adenosine	28-37	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	52-57
8476074-10	1993	Adenosine has been reported to trigger the synthesis of erythropoietin and the growth of blood capillaries.	Adenosine	0-9	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	56-70
8384443-10	1993	From studies with inhibitors of membrane 5"-nucleotidase and of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, it was deduced that adenosine is produced by the latter enzyme and by cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase in normoxia, and by cytosolic and membrane 5"-nucleotidases in anoxia.	Adenosine	118-127	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	64-96
8012498-4	1993	The inhibition of CKII increases with the number of phosphates linking the guanosine/adenosine moieties (for n = 2-6).	Adenosine	85-94	casein kinase 2 alpha 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
1361013-9	1992	CONCLUSIONS: Serum deaminase adenosine may be a useful evolutive marker for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 given that its activity increases significantly in infected patients in agreement with the grade of immunodeficiency and its values correlate well with those of reference markers (CD4+ lymphocytes and beta 2-microglobulin).	Adenosine	29-38	beta-2-microglobulin	Homo sapiens	313-333
1321991-1	1992	Adenosine-induced inhibition of evoked postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) and epileptiform burst firing in the CA1 subfield of rat hippocampal slices was studied with intracellular recordings in vitro.	Adenosine	0-9	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
1446028-1	1992	The inhibitory effect of adenosine on aggregation of human platelets activated by platelet activating factor (PAF), ADP and serotonin (5-HT) were examined using native platelets from blood of volunteers.	Adenosine	25-34	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	110-113
1446028-4	1992	It was shown that 10 microM adenosine inhibited PAF-induced platelet aggregation completely.	Adenosine	28-37	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	48-51
1446028-6	1992	Adenosine is physiological inhibitor of human platelet aggregation in administration of PAF, ADP and 5-HT.	Adenosine	0-9	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	88-91
1737776-11	1992	The dissociation constants of SAHase for adenosine and 4",5"-dehydroadenosine, substrates for the enzyme, were 9 and 14 microM, respectively.	Adenosine	41-50	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	30-36
1737776-15	1992	Since SAHase reduced by adenosine was not highly fluorescent, enzyme-bound intermediates quenched the fluorescence of enzyme-bound NADH.	Adenosine	24-33	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	6-12
1544834-3	1992	All target molecules, except adenosine and guanine, resulted in interaction with RNO2.-, as measured by the decrease in the ipr/ipf ratio in the following order of increasing reactivity: adenine, guanosine, thymine, uracil, uridine, and thymidine (at a metronidazole:target ratio of 1:1).	Adenosine	29-38	NLR family pyrin domain containing 12	Homo sapiens	81-85
1920121-4	1991	injection for adenosine agonists was 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) (ED50, 5.8 nmol/kg) greater than APEC (ED50, 25 nmol/kg) greater than N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) (ED50, 270 nmol/kg).	Adenosine	14-23	POC1 centriolar protein A	Mus musculus	145-173
1859469-5	1991	Addition of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase to the myofibrillar fraction increased phosphorylation of cTnI; this increase was inhibited by 5"-chloro-5"-deoxyadenosine and adenosine.	Adenosine	180-189	troponin I3, cardiac type	Rattus norvegicus	125-129
1677813-2	1991	Anti-CD2 receptor antibodies shared with anti-CD3 antibodies the ability to potentiate dose dependently the adenosine- and forskolin-stimulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation, whereas stimulation of the CD45 receptor had no effect on cyclase activity.	Adenosine	108-117	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	5-8
1888264-2	1991	Adenosine activates an inhibitory GTP-binding protein (Gi).	Adenosine	0-9	hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3	Homo sapiens	34-53
1888264-2	1991	Adenosine activates an inhibitory GTP-binding protein (Gi).	Adenosine	0-9	hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3	Homo sapiens	55-57
1648495-7	1991	These results indicate that both A1- and A2-receptor subtypes are present in FRTL-5 cells and that extracellular adenosine enhances the P2-purinergic agonist-induced responses by stimulating an A1 receptor which is coupled to an IAP-sensitive G-protein(s).	Adenosine	113-122	magnesium transporter 1	Rattus norvegicus	229-232
1676145-0	1991	Adenosine depresses excitatory but not fast inhibitory synaptic transmission in area CA1 of the rat hippocampus.	Adenosine	0-9	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
1676145-1	1991	The effects of adenosine on inhibitory synaptic transmission in area CA1 were examined using the rat hippocampal slice preparation and intracellular recording.	Adenosine	15-24	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-72
1676145-4	1991	These results indicate that adenosine depresses disynaptic IPSPs in area CA1 by decreasing synaptic activation of inhibitory neurons.	Adenosine	28-37	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
2253723-10	1990	Two possible mechanisms of regulation are discussed: First, renal hypoxia could lead to enhanced formation of metabolic mediators, for example prostaglandins or adenosine, which might stimulate EPO gene transcription by increasing cellular levels of second messenger molecules.	Adenosine	161-170	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	194-197
2244927-1	1990	S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase has been recognized as the target enzyme for the antiviral activity of several carbocyclic and acyclic adenosine analogues.	Adenosine	136-145	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	0-32
1699770-4	1990	The NPB assembly occurred only in pronuclei which incorporated [3H]-adenosine.	Adenosine	68-77	neuropeptide B	Homo sapiens	4-7
1701332-1	1990	The application of adenosine to hippocampal slices caused a suppression of evoked population spikes in the CA1 region.	Adenosine	19-28	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
1701332-3	1990	Several analogues of adenosine which are not substrates for the uptake system also depressed the population spikes in the CA1 region but these responses were inhibited by nifedipine and BAYK 8644.	Adenosine	21-30	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
2329126-1	1990	The effect of adenosine on total and regional CBF, measured by radiolabeled microspheres, was assessed in 16 anesthetized and ventilated newborn (1-3 days old) piglets.	Adenosine	14-23	CCAAT enhancer binding protein zeta	Homo sapiens	46-49
2329126-3	1990	Mean CSF adenosine concentration (by HPLC) before perfusion was 0.6 +/- 0.4 microM.	Adenosine	9-18	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	5-8
2329126-5	1990	All adenosine concentrations, except at low doses, increased total and regional CBF, without altering the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen.	Adenosine	4-13	CCAAT enhancer binding protein zeta	Homo sapiens	80-83
2329126-9	1990	If the newborn brain can synthesize appropriate concentrations of adenosine, this nucleoside may play a major role in regional CBF regulation during the neonatal period.	Adenosine	66-75	CCAAT enhancer binding protein zeta	Homo sapiens	127-130
1969938-5	1990	D-aspartate, which is a substrate for the glutamate transporter but is not metabolized, also released adenosine, suggesting that release was due to amino acid transport and not to its subsequent metabolism.	Adenosine	102-111	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	42-63
2163407-1	1990	Human plasma gelsolin was specifically eluted from a Cibacron Blue F3GA column with 1 mM adenosine, guanosine, cytidine and uridine di- and triphosphates, except for cytidine 5"-diphosphate.	Adenosine	89-98	gelsolin	Homo sapiens	13-21
1691782-0	1990	Cardiac dysfunction caused by recombinant human C5A anaphylatoxin: mediation by histamine, adenosine and cyclooxygenase arachidonate metabolites.	Adenosine	91-100	complement C5	Homo sapiens	48-65
1964035-5	1990	Following IAP pretreatment of intact pig epidermis, the epidermal receptor adenylate cyclase responses were markedly increased; all the stimulatory receptor adenylate cyclase responses (beta-adrenergic, prostaglandin E, adenosine and histamine responses) were significantly increased.	Adenosine	220-229	CD47 molecule	Sus scrofa	10-13
33812054-5	2021	We confirm that adenosine and the stable analogue, 5"-N-Ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA), enhance NR4A1-3 expression in THP-1 cells.	Adenosine	16-25	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Mus musculus	98-105
33761054-3	2021	Purinergic signaling is involved in neurodevelopment and controlled by ectonucleotidases, among which in the brain the most abundant are ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (NTPDase1/CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5"NT/CD73), which jointly dephosphorylate ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	278-287	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	196-200
33777958-4	2021	In the present study, we observed lower extracellular Ado concentration and suppressed expression of Ado transporters in flies expressing mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT).	Adenosine	54-57	huntingtin	Drosophila melanogaster	145-155
33777958-4	2021	In the present study, we observed lower extracellular Ado concentration and suppressed expression of Ado transporters in flies expressing mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT).	Adenosine	101-104	huntingtin	Drosophila melanogaster	145-155
29274390-3	2018	Sequential hydrolysis of extracellular ATP catalyzed by ectonucleotidases (e.g. CD39, CD73) is the main pathway for the generation of adenosine, which in turn activates P1 receptors.	Adenosine	134-143	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	80-84
29745882-3	2018	Therefore, the extracellular purinergic microenvironment is under control of ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 degrading pro-inflammatory adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to anti-inflammatory adenosine as well as adenosine deaminase bound to CD26 deactivating adenosine.	Adenosine	136-145	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	236-240
11805198-8	2002	These results suggest that hypoxia releases adenosine and produces an inhibition of synaptic transmission and intracellular signal cascade(s) involved in generation/maintenance of hippocampal CA1 theta activity.	Adenosine	44-53	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	192-195
34757653-2	2022	Piezo2, a mechanically gated ion channel that mediates tactile allodynia in neuropathic pain, can be potentiated by a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent signaling pathway that involves the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1 (Epac1).	Adenosine	125-134	piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
34536428-0	2022	Blockade of adenosine A2A receptors inhibits Tremulous Jaw Movements as well as expression of zif-268 and GAD65 mRNAs in brain motor structures.	Adenosine	12-21	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	94-101
34922916-4	2022	Here, CD39 first converts ATP and adenosine diphosphate(ADP) into AMP, after which AMP is dephosphorylated into adenosine by CD73.	Adenosine	112-121	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	6-10
34418169-2	2022	We here report three cases with RNA-specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR1) mutations causing psoriasis concomitant with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH).	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	66-71
34565560-3	2022	(2021) identify the CAMKK2-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-NRF2 signaling axis as a negative regulator of ferroptosis and showed that inhibiting CAMKK2 increases the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy.	Adenosine	27-36	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase kinase 2	Homo sapiens	162-168
34565560-3	2022	(2021) identify the CAMKK2-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-NRF2 signaling axis as a negative regulator of ferroptosis and showed that inhibiting CAMKK2 increases the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy.	Adenosine	27-36	spermatogenesis associated 2	Homo sapiens	200-204
34105255-1	2022	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) catalyzes the posttranscriptional conversion of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which can lead to the creation of missense mutations in coding sequences.	Adenosine	89-98	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-33
34105255-1	2022	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) catalyzes the posttranscriptional conversion of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which can lead to the creation of missense mutations in coding sequences.	Adenosine	89-98	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	35-39
34948316-4	2021	Adenosine is produced starting from the highly immunostimulatory ATP, which is progressively hydrolyzed to ADP and adenosine by CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	128-132
34948316-4	2021	Adenosine is produced starting from the highly immunostimulatory ATP, which is progressively hydrolyzed to ADP and adenosine by CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	115-124	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	128-132
34605137-6	2021	Bip-3 and the adenosine-tethered peptide Bip-3-Adc provided IC 50 values of 103 muM and 7.7 muM respectively, suggesting that Bip-3-Adc bivalently inhibited AurA.	Adenosine	14-23	antizyme inhibitor 2	Homo sapiens	47-50
34605137-6	2021	Bip-3 and the adenosine-tethered peptide Bip-3-Adc provided IC 50 values of 103 muM and 7.7 muM respectively, suggesting that Bip-3-Adc bivalently inhibited AurA.	Adenosine	14-23	antizyme inhibitor 2	Homo sapiens	132-135
34505893-1	2021	AIMS: Mutation type, location, dominant-negative IKs reduction, and possibly loss of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent IKs stimulation via protein kinase A (PKA) influence the clinical severity of long QT syndrome type 1 (LQT1).	Adenosine	92-101	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1	Homo sapiens	236-240
34402126-7	2021	In contrast, 24 compounds containing fatty acids, amino acids, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate were lower in the l-Cit group.	Adenosine	74-83	citron rho-interacting serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	118-121
34697820-3	2021	CD39 catalyzes the extracellular hydrolysis of nucleoside tri- and diphosphates, mainly adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) and ADP, yielding adenosine monophosphate, which is further hydrolyzed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to produce adenosine.	Adenosine	138-147	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
34697820-3	2021	CD39 catalyzes the extracellular hydrolysis of nucleoside tri- and diphosphates, mainly adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) and ADP, yielding adenosine monophosphate, which is further hydrolyzed by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to produce adenosine.	Adenosine	233-242	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
34823307-4	2021	MIS was evaluated based on intracellular adenosine triphosphate (MIS-ATP) or reactive oxygen species (MIS-ROS) generation measured using cell-based assays.	Adenosine	41-50	anti-Mullerian hormone	Homo sapiens	0-3
34823307-4	2021	MIS was evaluated based on intracellular adenosine triphosphate (MIS-ATP) or reactive oxygen species (MIS-ROS) generation measured using cell-based assays.	Adenosine	41-50	anti-Mullerian hormone	Homo sapiens	65-68
34650622-0	2021	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) inhibits dorsal root ganglion neuronal apoptosis by promoting the Ado/cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway.	Adenosine	94-97	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-20
34650622-0	2021	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) inhibits dorsal root ganglion neuronal apoptosis by promoting the Ado/cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway.	Adenosine	94-97	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	22-26
34925366-4	2021	Recent studies have shown that, besides MSU, various purine metabolites, including adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and adenosine bind to different purine receptors for regulating IL-1beta secretion implicated in the pathogenesis of gout flares.	Adenosine	83-92	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	194-202
34925366-4	2021	Recent studies have shown that, besides MSU, various purine metabolites, including adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and adenosine bind to different purine receptors for regulating IL-1beta secretion implicated in the pathogenesis of gout flares.	Adenosine	107-116	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	194-202
34925366-4	2021	Recent studies have shown that, besides MSU, various purine metabolites, including adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and adenosine bind to different purine receptors for regulating IL-1beta secretion implicated in the pathogenesis of gout flares.	Adenosine	134-143	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	194-202
34925366-5	2021	Purine metabolites such as adenosine triphosphate mainly activate the NLRP3 inflammasome through P2X ion channel receptors, which stimulates IL-1beta secretion and induces gout flares, while some purine metabolites such as adenosine diphosphate and adenosine mainly act on the G protein-coupled receptors exerting pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects to regulate the onset and resolution of a gout flare.	Adenosine	27-36	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	141-149
34857436-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA-1 (ADAR1) enzyme is a type I interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene (ISG) catalyzing the deamination of adenosine-to-inosine, a process called A-to-I RNA editing.	Adenosine	143-152	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	11-46
34857436-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA-1 (ADAR1) enzyme is a type I interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene (ISG) catalyzing the deamination of adenosine-to-inosine, a process called A-to-I RNA editing.	Adenosine	143-152	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	48-53
34476674-2	2021	Abeta can affect astrocytic gliotransmitters release, namely ATP, which is rapidly metabolized into adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase, CD73, resulting in adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) activation that bolsters neurodegeneration.	Adenosine	100-109	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	179-183
34476674-2	2021	Abeta can affect astrocytic gliotransmitters release, namely ATP, which is rapidly metabolized into adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase, CD73, resulting in adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) activation that bolsters neurodegeneration.	Adenosine	154-163	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	179-183
34476674-10	2021	Overall, the data identify a feed-forward loop involving astrocytic A2AR and Cx43 hemichannels, whereby A2AR increase Cx43 hemichannel activity leading to increased ATP release, which is converted into adenosine by CD73, sustaining the increased astrocytic A2AR activity in AD-like conditions.	Adenosine	202-211	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	68-72
34476674-10	2021	Overall, the data identify a feed-forward loop involving astrocytic A2AR and Cx43 hemichannels, whereby A2AR increase Cx43 hemichannel activity leading to increased ATP release, which is converted into adenosine by CD73, sustaining the increased astrocytic A2AR activity in AD-like conditions.	Adenosine	202-211	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	104-108
34476674-10	2021	Overall, the data identify a feed-forward loop involving astrocytic A2AR and Cx43 hemichannels, whereby A2AR increase Cx43 hemichannel activity leading to increased ATP release, which is converted into adenosine by CD73, sustaining the increased astrocytic A2AR activity in AD-like conditions.	Adenosine	202-211	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	257-261
34535545-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Conversion of adenosine to inosine in RNA by ADAR enzymes occurs at thousands of sites in the human transcriptome, and is essential for healthy brain development.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	57-61
34517660-4	2021	In such an assay protocol, a dual-functional hairpin structure was rationally designed to recognize miRNA-21 and serve as the carrier of the reporter adenosine monophosphate (AMP).	Adenosine	150-159	microRNA 21	Homo sapiens	100-108
34846650-0	2022	Exogenous adenosine activates A2A adenosine receptor to inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via AP-1 pathway to facilitate bone repair.	Adenosine	10-19	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	64-69
34846650-0	2022	Exogenous adenosine activates A2A adenosine receptor to inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via AP-1 pathway to facilitate bone repair.	Adenosine	34-43	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	64-69
34846650-3	2022	This study aims to assess the role of exogenous adenosine and receptor subtypes in receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.	Adenosine	48-57	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	83-121
34846650-3	2022	This study aims to assess the role of exogenous adenosine and receptor subtypes in receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.	Adenosine	48-57	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	123-128
34846650-7	2022	Finally, RNA sequencing showed that the expression of Fos-related antigen 2 (Fra2) was distinctly downregulated through stimulation of adenosine in RAW264.7 cells treated with RANKL.	Adenosine	135-144	fos-like antigen 2	Mus musculus	54-75
34846650-7	2022	Finally, RNA sequencing showed that the expression of Fos-related antigen 2 (Fra2) was distinctly downregulated through stimulation of adenosine in RAW264.7 cells treated with RANKL.	Adenosine	135-144	fos-like antigen 2	Mus musculus	77-81
34846650-7	2022	Finally, RNA sequencing showed that the expression of Fos-related antigen 2 (Fra2) was distinctly downregulated through stimulation of adenosine in RAW264.7 cells treated with RANKL.	Adenosine	135-144	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	176-181
34846650-9	2022	CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrated that exogenous adenosine binding to A2AR attenuated osteoclast differentiation via the inhibition of activating protein-1 (AP-1, including Fra2 subunit) pathway both in vitro and in vivo.	Adenosine	56-65	fos-like antigen 2	Mus musculus	180-184
34813840-8	2022	The stimulation of adenosine A2AR exacerbated memory impairment with more serious neuropathological damage, attenuated long-term potentiation (LTP), syntaxin down-regulation, and increased BDNF protein.	Adenosine	19-28	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	189-193
34730365-4	2021	Further conversion to the constrained adenosine analogues revealed promising structure-dependent inhibition of the protein methyltransferase PRMT5:MEP50 complex in the (sub)micromolar range.	Adenosine	38-47	WD repeat domain 77	Homo sapiens	147-152
34792724-5	2022	CD73 is an ecto-enzyme inducing tumor metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune escape via the production of extracellular adenosine in the tumor microenvironment.	Adenosine	118-127	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
34753903-6	2021	Moreover, excess adenosine was produced by AMP degradation around T cells and by adenosine receptor 2A (A2AR)-dependent inhibition of aerobic glycolysis and energy-related metabolic substrate production, thereby inhibiting the cell cycle entry and clonal proliferation of T cells.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	104-108
34595851-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Bevacizumab-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition may lead to a decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, an increase in intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ concentrations and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as well as to cell damage.	Adenosine	111-120	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	32-66
34595851-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Bevacizumab-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition may lead to a decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, an increase in intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ concentrations and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as well as to cell damage.	Adenosine	111-120	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	68-72
34759749-0	2021	High-throughput screening to identify potential inhibitors of the Zalpha domain of the adenosine deaminase 1 (ADAR1).	Adenosine	87-96	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	110-115
34759749-1	2021	Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) are enzymes involved in editing adenosine to inosine in the dsRNAs of cells associated with cancer development.	Adenosine	77-86	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-36
34759749-1	2021	Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) are enzymes involved in editing adenosine to inosine in the dsRNAs of cells associated with cancer development.	Adenosine	77-86	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	38-43
34184030-8	2021	This effect seems to require extracellular ATP-derived adenosine since a similar accumulation of neurons at the lower intermediate zone was observed in mice lacking ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73-KO).	Adenosine	55-64	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	187-191
34685740-1	2021	Liver kinase B (LKB1) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are two major kinases that regulate cellular metabolism by acting as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) sensors.	Adenosine	157-166	serine/threonine kinase 11	Homo sapiens	16-20
34650224-4	2021	In conjunction with CD39, CD73 expression enables expanded Tregs to convert ATP to immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	101-110	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	20-24
34625545-2	2021	The stepwise hydrolysis of extracellular ATP by ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 generates adenosine, a potent immune suppressor.	Adenosine	90-99	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	66-70
34224008-4	2021	In the past 25 years, vasopressin/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) has been believed to be the most important signaling pathway for AQP2 activation.	Adenosine	41-50	aquaporin 2	Homo sapiens	160-164
34089473-2	2021	The enzymes CD39 and CD73 produce adenosine in the extracellular milieu that has a very important role in tumor development.	Adenosine	34-43	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	12-16
34658758-8	2021	Then, we investigated whether the extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway mediated by NMDAR was involved in EA regulating HPA axis hyperactivity.	Adenosine	87-96	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA1 (zeta 1)	Mus musculus	181-186
34684415-4	2021	As a result, YG-1 extract is considered to affect bronchodilation by increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cAMP) levels through the beta2-adrenergic receptor.	Adenosine	86-95	adrenergic receptor, beta 2	Mus musculus	136-161
34685392-11	2021	The development of chimeric proteins such as Cas fused to cytosine or adenosine deaminase domain and modified reverse transcriptase using protein engineering enabled base and prime editing, respectively.	Adenosine	70-79	BCAR1 scaffold protein, Cas family member	Homo sapiens	45-48
34448572-5	2021	These antinociceptive effects suggested a major role for A1R and A3R in peripheral-mediated pain sensitization, whereas an average adenosine-mediated antinociceptive effect will be facilitated by A2AR and A2BR.	Adenosine	131-140	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	196-200
34245775-1	2021	Phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7), one of the 11 phosphodiesterase (PDE) families, specifically hydrolyzes cyclic 3", 5"-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).	Adenosine	114-123	phosphodiesterase 7A	Homo sapiens	0-19
34245775-1	2021	Phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7), one of the 11 phosphodiesterase (PDE) families, specifically hydrolyzes cyclic 3", 5"-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).	Adenosine	114-123	phosphodiesterase 7A	Homo sapiens	21-25
34399565-3	2021	Previous research has shown that colocalization of A2A receptors (A2AR) and dopamine D2 receptors (D2R) may induce an antagonistic interaction between adenosine and dopamine.	Adenosine	151-160	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	51-64
34399565-3	2021	Previous research has shown that colocalization of A2A receptors (A2AR) and dopamine D2 receptors (D2R) may induce an antagonistic interaction between adenosine and dopamine.	Adenosine	151-160	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	66-70
34216353-1	2021	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase or CD73 is the main source of extracellular adenosine involved in the activation of adenosine A2A receptors, responsible for the ergogenic effects of caffeine.	Adenosine	65-74	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-20
34216353-1	2021	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase or CD73 is the main source of extracellular adenosine involved in the activation of adenosine A2A receptors, responsible for the ergogenic effects of caffeine.	Adenosine	65-74	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	24-28
34216353-1	2021	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase or CD73 is the main source of extracellular adenosine involved in the activation of adenosine A2A receptors, responsible for the ergogenic effects of caffeine.	Adenosine	105-114	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-20
34216353-1	2021	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase or CD73 is the main source of extracellular adenosine involved in the activation of adenosine A2A receptors, responsible for the ergogenic effects of caffeine.	Adenosine	105-114	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	24-28
34308708-3	2021	Here, we report the first implementation of ADE-OPI-MS in a fully automated HTS environment, based on the example of a biochemical assay aiming at the identification of small-molecule inhibitors of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (GMP-AMP) synthase (cGAS).	Adenosine	233-242	cyclic GMP-AMP synthase	Homo sapiens	277-281
34311580-6	2021	We further demonstrated that the IAV growth curve could be suppressed by adenosine 3",5"-bisphosphate (pAp) treatment, an inhibitor of XRN1.	Adenosine	73-82	5'-3' exoribonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	135-139
34462421-3	2021	Here we demonstrate that the prototypical Smac mimetic BV6 cooperates with the stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING) ligand 2",3"-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (2"3"-cGAMP) to trigger necroptosis in apoptosis-deficient PC cells.	Adenosine	168-177	diablo IAP-binding mitochondrial protein	Homo sapiens	42-46
34571872-6	2021	Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1)/CD39 dephosphorylates ATP to ADP and to AMP, which in turn, is hydrolysed to adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	137-146	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-48
34466002-12	2021	Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CD73 may serve as an immune checkpoint by generating adenosine, which suppresses the antitumor activity of anti-PD-1 mAb, and inhibition of CD73 may be a potential beneficial combination partner with immune-checkpoint inhibitors to improve their therapeutic outcomes in general.	Adenosine	91-100	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	38-42
34445528-3	2021	Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-generating glycolytic enzyme, has been reported to associate with cell survival and can be triggered under hypoxia.	Adenosine	37-46	phosphoglycerate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-25
34445528-3	2021	Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-generating glycolytic enzyme, has been reported to associate with cell survival and can be triggered under hypoxia.	Adenosine	37-46	phosphoglycerate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
34380029-2	2021	ADAR1 converts adenosines into inosines within dsRNA.	Adenosine	15-25	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-5
34253859-0	2021	Hepatitis B virus evades immune recognition via RNA adenosine deaminase ADAR1-mediated viral RNA editing in hepatocytes.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	72-77
34253859-2	2021	In this study, we identified adenosine deaminases acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1), which is a key factor in HBV evasion from IFN responses in hepatocytes.	Adenosine	29-38	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	67-72
34253859-3	2021	Mechanically, ADAR1 interacted with HBV RNAs and deaminated adenosine (A) to generate inosine (I), which disrupted host immune recognition and thus promoted HBV replication.	Adenosine	60-69	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	14-19
34088870-2	2021	Here we explore prostate cancer as an exemplar and demonstrate that low levels of N6-adenosine-methyltransferase (METTL3) is associated with advanced metastatic disease.	Adenosine	85-94	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	114-120
34426901-1	2021	The role of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) interactions in the striatal-pallidal GABA neurons was recently discussed in relation to A2AR overexpression and cocaine-induced increases of brain adenosine levels.	Adenosine	248-257	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	12-34
34426901-1	2021	The role of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) interactions in the striatal-pallidal GABA neurons was recently discussed in relation to A2AR overexpression and cocaine-induced increases of brain adenosine levels.	Adenosine	248-257	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	36-40
34361022-5	2021	We also clarify that the GABA-mediated antimelanogenic properties were related to the direct inhibition of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase expression by inhibiting cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB).	Adenosine	208-217	tyrosinase	Mus musculus	165-175
34335174-5	2021	Furthermore, A2AR overfunction seems to be an early event in the demise of brain diseases, which involves an increased formation of ATP-derived adenosine and an up-regulation of A2AR.	Adenosine	144-153	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	13-17
34299203-3	2021	Adenosine is an ATP derivative that strongly impacts the cardiovascular system via its four membrane receptors, named A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R, with the A1R being more particularly involved in heart rhythm, while the A2AR controls vasodilation.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	123-127
34299203-3	2021	Adenosine is an ATP derivative that strongly impacts the cardiovascular system via its four membrane receptors, named A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R, with the A1R being more particularly involved in heart rhythm, while the A2AR controls vasodilation.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	217-221
34285486-6	2021	A Morris water maze (MWM) was used to assess changes in learning and memory abilities, and Western blotting was used to detect cyclic adenosine phosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus of MCAO rats.	Adenosine	134-143	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	188-192
34291079-0	2021	Extracellular Adenosine Diphosphate Stimulates CXCL10-Mediated Mast Cell Infiltration Through P2Y1 Receptor to Aggravate Airway Inflammation in Asthmatic Mice.	Adenosine	14-23	purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 1	Mus musculus	94-107
34159634-9	2021	In summary, our study identifies eAMPD2 as a novel regulator of the extracellular ATP-adenosine balance adding to the immunomodulatory CD39-CD73 system.	Adenosine	86-95	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	135-139
34253638-4	2021	In this study, we focused on revealing the distinct response mechanism for the potent CD73 ectoenzyme selective inhibitor AB680 as a promising drug candidate that functions by blocking tumorigenic ATP/adenosine signaling in comparison to current therapeutics that block PD-1 to assess the value of this drug as a novel immunotherapy for CRC.	Adenosine	201-210	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	86-90
34171934-5	2022	Platelets release IL-1beta within minutes in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen, and thrombin receptor agonists, but not in response to conventional NLRP3 inflammasome agonists-lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate.	Adenosine	57-66	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	18-26
34177939-16	2021	Combined blockade of CD39/adenosine and PD-1 signaling in vitro may exert a synergistic effect in restoring CD8+ T-cell function in HIV-1-infected patients.	Adenosine	26-35	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	21-25
34101732-5	2021	We found that adenosine analog NECA diminished TGFbeta-induced CCL5 and MMP9 expression.	Adenosine	14-23	transforming growth factor alpha	Mus musculus	47-54
34150849-7	2021	Specialized RNA-binding proteins, including adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR1-p150), with an affinity toward inverted repeat Alus, and Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (Tudor-SN) are specifically recruited to SGs under OS along with an RNA transport protein, Staufen1 (STAU1), but their precise biochemical roles in SGs and SG/P-body docking are uncertain.	Adenosine	44-53	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	79-84
34141159-7	2021	Spirulina platensis administration exhibited a nephroprotective impact on R, TAA, and R/TAA toxicities via regulating miR-1 and miR-146a mRNA gene expression that monitored adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling.	Adenosine	173-182	microRNA 146a	Homo sapiens	128-136
35381375-1	2022	Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter subfamily A member 7 (ABCA7) performs incompletely understood biochemical functions that affect pathogenesis of Alzheimer"s disease.	Adenosine	0-9	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phospholipid-transporting ATPase ABCA7	Mesocricetus auratus	74-79
35506379-3	2022	METHODS: Using a combination of single-cell RNA sequencing together with forster resonance energy transfer-based sensors to monitor cyclic adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate, PKA (protein kinase A)-dependent phosphorylation and cGMP (cyclic guanosine 3",5"-monophosphate), we tested the hypothesis that dysregulation occurs in a sub-family of PDEs in the cytosol and outer mitochondrial membrane of neurons from the stellate ganglion.	Adenosine	139-148	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	175-191
35637356-3	2022	Here we developed an ultrasound (US)-guided cancer immunotherapy platform using nanocomplexes composed of 2"3"-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) electrostatically bound to biocompatible branched cationic biopolymers that are conjugated onto APC-targeting microbubbles (MBs).	Adenosine	142-151	APC, WNT signaling pathway regulator	Mus musculus	270-273
35597366-12	2022	In addition, much evidence demonstrates polymorphisms in CYP450-epoxygenases, omega-hydroxylases, and sEH genes (Ephx2) and adenosine receptor genes (ADORA1 & ADORA2) in the human population with the susceptibility to CVDs, including hypertension.	Adenosine	124-133	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	159-165
35579349-1	2022	Liver Kinase B1 (LKB1) is known as a master kinase for 14 kinases related to the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	Adenosine	81-90	AMP-activated protein kinase alpha subunit	Drosophila melanogaster	137-141
35563631-1	2022	Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing is a system of post-transcriptional modification widely distributed in metazoans which is catalyzed by ADAR enzymes and occurs mostly in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) before splicing.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	136-140
35507004-4	2022	Integration of genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 functional screening with highly invasive and metastatic ESCC subline models led to the identification of METTL3, the catalytic subunit of the N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex, as a promoter of cancer metastasis.	Adenosine	185-194	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	145-151
35508221-2	2022	However, the immune-stimulating ATP may be rapidly degraded into immunosuppressive adenosine by highly expressed CD39 and CD73 in the tumor microenvironment, which leads to immune escape.	Adenosine	83-92	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	113-117
35381855-9	2022	For mechanically stimulated adenosine release, the concentration of each adenosine event significantly decreased 30% in Panx1KO mice and the frequency of stimulations that evoked adenosine also decreased.	Adenosine	28-37	pannexin 1	Mus musculus	120-125
35381855-9	2022	For mechanically stimulated adenosine release, the concentration of each adenosine event significantly decreased 30% in Panx1KO mice and the frequency of stimulations that evoked adenosine also decreased.	Adenosine	73-82	pannexin 1	Mus musculus	120-125
35381855-11	2022	Thus, Panx1 is a release mechanism for mechanically stimulated adenosine release, but not the only mechanism.	Adenosine	63-72	pannexin 1	Mus musculus	6-11
35413284-1	2022	We have recently purified mammalian sterile twenty (MST) 3 as a kinase for the multifunctional kinases adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK)-related kinases (ARKs).	Adenosine	103-112	serine/threonine kinase 24	Homo sapiens	26-58
35189023-2	2022	Free DNA is recognized by cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase (cGAS) catalyzing the production of 2",3"-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (2",3"-cGAMP) in mammalians.	Adenosine	123-132	cyclic GMP-AMP synthase	Homo sapiens	26-49
35624663-5	2022	The mechanistic study indicated that empagliflozin significantly activated adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKalpha) through Calcium/Calmodulin dependent protein kinase kinase beta (CAMKK2) instead of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) or TGF-beta activated kinase (TAK1).	Adenosine	75-84	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase kinase 2	Homo sapiens	216-222
35624663-5	2022	The mechanistic study indicated that empagliflozin significantly activated adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKalpha) through Calcium/Calmodulin dependent protein kinase kinase beta (CAMKK2) instead of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) or TGF-beta activated kinase (TAK1).	Adenosine	75-84	serine/threonine kinase 11	Homo sapiens	235-250
35394827-1	2022	The adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCA3 plays a critical role in pulmonary surfactant biogenesis.	Adenosine	4-13	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 3	Homo sapiens	71-76
35218567-7	2022	We showed that HASC-P10 and P100 were able to intrinsically produce ATP, which was further converted to adenosine by 5"-nucleotidase (CD73) and ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39).	Adenosine	104-113	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	144-192
35218567-7	2022	We showed that HASC-P10 and P100 were able to intrinsically produce ATP, which was further converted to adenosine by 5"-nucleotidase (CD73) and ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39).	Adenosine	104-113	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	194-198
35456598-1	2022	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-competitive p97 inhibitor CB-5339, the successor of CB-5083, is being evaluated in Phase 1 clinical trials for anti-cancer therapy.	Adenosine	0-9	melanotransferrin	Homo sapiens	41-44
35325005-2	2022	For example, CD73 works with CD39 to convert highly inflammatory ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	72-81	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	29-33
35091505-11	2022	Additionally, this work discovered that the source of resting endogenous extracellular adenosine is likely D1, but not D2 receptor positive MSNs, suggesting that opioid signaling and manipulation of D1R-expressing MSN cAMP activity can broadly affect striatal function and behavior.	Adenosine	87-96	moesin	Mus musculus	214-217
35408815-6	2022	Dipyridamole significantly reduced cholesterol accumulation in fibroblasts and rescued mitochondrial deficits; the mechanism elicited by dipyridamole relies on activation of the adenosine A2AR subtype subsequent to the increased levels of extracellular adenosine due to the inhibition of ENT1.	Adenosine	178-187	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	188-192
35408815-6	2022	Dipyridamole significantly reduced cholesterol accumulation in fibroblasts and rescued mitochondrial deficits; the mechanism elicited by dipyridamole relies on activation of the adenosine A2AR subtype subsequent to the increased levels of extracellular adenosine due to the inhibition of ENT1.	Adenosine	253-262	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	188-192
35371066-3	2022	One of the described contact dependent suppressive mechanisms regulatory cells have been shown to utilize is through the production of adenosine from extracellular ATP mediated by CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	135-144	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	180-184
35540097-1	2022	The authors show that increased poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme 2 (PKM2) expression is a common feature of a decompensated right ventricle in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and animal models.	Adenosine	37-46	pyruvate kinase M1/2	Homo sapiens	126-130
35355997-1	2022	Adenosine synthase A (AdsA) is a key virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus, a dangerous microbe that causes fatal diseases in humans.	Adenosine	0-9	ring finger protein 170	Homo sapiens	22-26
35253629-8	2022	These findings indicate that therapeutic targeting of the USP2-E2F4 axis inhibits autophagic machinery essential for zinc homeostasis in cancer progression.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ANOVA: analysis of variance; ATG2A: autophagy related 2A; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; BECN1: beclin 1; BiFC: bimolecular fluorescence complementation; CCND1: cyclin D1; CDK: cyclin dependent kinase; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; CHX: cycloheximide; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; DAPI: 4",6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; E2F4: E2F transcription factor 4; eATP: extracellular adenosine triphosphate; EBSS: Earle"s balanced salt solution; FP: first progression; FRET: fluorescence resonance energy transfer; FUCCI: fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GST: glutathione S-transferase; HA: hemagglutinin; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MDM2: MDM2 proto-oncogene; MKI67/Ki-67: marker of proliferation Ki-67; MT: metallothionein; MT1E: metallothionein 1E; MT1M: metallothionein 1M; MT1X: metallothionein 1X; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethyltriazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide; OS: overall survival; PECAM1/CD31: platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1; PIK3C3: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; qPCR: quantitative PCR; RFP: red fluorescent protein; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; UBXN1: UBX domain protein 1; Ub: ubiquitin; ULK2: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 2; USP14: ubiquitin specific peptidase 14; USP2: ubiquitin specific peptidase 2; USP5: ubiquitin specific peptidase 5; USP7: ubiquitin specific peptidase 7; ZnCl2: zinc chloride.	Adenosine	284-293	ubiquitin specific peptidase 2	Homo sapiens	58-62
35064653-8	2022	However, superfluous ATP is converted into immunosuppressive adenosine through the CD39-CD73-A2AR pathway.	Adenosine	61-70	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	83-87
35064653-8	2022	However, superfluous ATP is converted into immunosuppressive adenosine through the CD39-CD73-A2AR pathway.	Adenosine	61-70	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	93-97
35187176-2	2022	Extracellularly released nucleotides such as ATP are rapidly hydrolyzed to adenosine by the coordinated ectonucleotidase activities of CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	75-84	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	144-148
35187176-9	2022	Together, these data demonstrate that L. amazonensis induces a regulatory phenotype in macrophages, which by activating the CD39/CD73 pathway allows parasite survival through the action of immunomodulatory adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	206-215	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	129-133
35222389-0	2022	CD39/CD73 Dysregulation of Adenosine Metabolism Increases Decidual Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity: Implications in Unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion.	Adenosine	27-36	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
35222389-2	2022	The ATP-adenosine metabolic pathway regulated by CD39/CD73 has recently been recognized to be important in immunosuppression.	Adenosine	8-17	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	49-53
35222389-8	2022	In summary, reduced numbers of CD39+ and CD73+ cells at the maternal-fetal interface, which may be due to downregulated TGF-beta-mTOR-HIF-1alpha pathway, results in reduced ATP-adenosine metabolism and increased dNK cytotoxicity, and potentially contributes to URSA occurrences.	Adenosine	177-186	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	31-35
35132959-3	2022	The adenosine RNA deaminase, ADAR1, has been implicated as a central regulator of the dsRNA response, but how regulation of the dsRNA response might mediate cell fate during injury and whether such signaling is cell intrinsic remain unclear.	Adenosine	4-13	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	29-34
35064076-1	2022	Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) are RNA-editing enzymes that may restrict viral infection.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	36-40
35064076-2	2022	We have utilized deep sequencing to determine adenosine to guanine (A G) mutations, signifying ADAR activity, in clinical samples retrieved from 93 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected patients in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.	Adenosine	46-55	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	95-99
35256937-5	2022	Compared to Ikkbeta WT littermates, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) could induce high mortality rate in Ikkbeta C46A mice which is correlated to breaking the homeostasis by intensively activating p-IkappaBalpha-NF-kappaB signaling and inhibiting phosphorylation of 5" adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) expression.	Adenosine	262-271	conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase	Mus musculus	98-105
34978432-2	2022	The most common approach to edit RNA sequences involves the induction of an A-to-I change by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR).	Adenosine	93-102	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	128-132
35023427-11	2022	Caffeine-driven IFN-gamma production was completely reversed by adenosine, a competitive agonist of adenosine receptor A2a.	Adenosine	64-73	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	100-122
35023943-3	2022	CD73 is a ubiquitously expressed glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that is a key enzyme that converts ATP into adenosine.	Adenosine	128-137	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
2477235-0	1989	Adenosine has divergent effects on deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in FRTL5 cells: inhibition of thyrotropin-stimulated and potentiation of insulin-like growth factor-I-stimulated thymidine incorporation.	Adenosine	0-9	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	140-168
2477235-2	1989	On the other hand, adenosine markedly potentiates DNA synthesis in FRTL5 stimulated by insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I).	Adenosine	19-28	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-115
2477235-2	1989	On the other hand, adenosine markedly potentiates DNA synthesis in FRTL5 stimulated by insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I).	Adenosine	19-28	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-122
2477235-4	1989	Adenosine increases the maximal response of FRTL5 to [3H]thymidine incorporation stimulated by IGF-I and increases the sensitivity of FRTL5 to IGF-I.	Adenosine	0-9	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-100
2477235-4	1989	Adenosine increases the maximal response of FRTL5 to [3H]thymidine incorporation stimulated by IGF-I and increases the sensitivity of FRTL5 to IGF-I.	Adenosine	0-9	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-148
2559967-2	1989	Intracellular recordings with single-electrode voltage clamp were employed to study the mechanism of adenosine-elicited inhibition of CA1 neurones of the rat in vitro.	Adenosine	101-110	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
2559967-13	1989	We conclude that this adenosine inhibition is mediated by an increase in a voltage- and calcium-insensitive potassium conductance in CA1 neurones.	Adenosine	22-31	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	133-136
2481734-18	1989	The responses of PGE, oxytocin and ANF thus resembled currents elicited by catecholamines, adenosine, gonadotrophins and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).	Adenosine	91-100	natriuretic peptide A L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	35-38
2546944-4	1989	Only the IAP-sensitive part of the stimulatory actions was antagonized by 1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine (DPX), an adenosine antagonist.	Adenosine	113-122	magnesium transporter 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
2784655-8	1989	These data show that the hydroxyl on C-2" of the ribosyl moiety of adenosine undergoes a replacement by a 2"-amino or a 2"-chloro group to form 2"-amino-2"-deoxyadenosine or 2"-CldCF with retention of stereconfiguration at C-2".	Adenosine	67-76	complement C2	Homo sapiens	37-40
2784655-8	1989	These data show that the hydroxyl on C-2" of the ribosyl moiety of adenosine undergoes a replacement by a 2"-amino or a 2"-chloro group to form 2"-amino-2"-deoxyadenosine or 2"-CldCF with retention of stereconfiguration at C-2".	Adenosine	67-76	complement C2	Homo sapiens	223-226
2539815-0	1989	Correlation between the antiviral activity of acyclic and carbocyclic adenosine analogues in murine L929 cells and their inhibitory effect on L929 cells S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase.	Adenosine	70-79	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase	Mus musculus	153-185
2538926-1	1989	Human DNA was used to transform adenosine kinase (AK)-deficient BHK cells followed by selection of AK+ cells in medium containing alanosine, adenosine, and uridine (AAU medium).	Adenosine	32-41	adenosine kinase	Mesocricetus auratus	50-52
2785825-2	1989	It entails prior adenine production from deoxyadenosine (or adenosine) in a reaction involving S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase.	Adenosine	46-55	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	95-127
2492471-8	1989	A correlation between increased IL-2 production and accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase was also observed in cultures treated with hydroxyurea or with a combination of amethopterin and adenosine.	Adenosine	189-198	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	32-36
3196924-1	1988	The potency of adenosine in reducing orthodromically evoked population potentials elicited in area CA1 of rat hippocampal slices was greatly reduced by removal of magnesium from the bathing medium.	Adenosine	15-24	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
3276727-16	1988	Regulation of human LPL immunoreactive mass was demonstrated in vitro by IGF-I, serum, high concentrations of insulin, adenosine, and inosine.	Adenosine	119-128	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	20-23
2961478-9	1988	These data demonstrate that in the in vitro blood perfused canine heart, ANP administered intra-arterially results in coronary vasodilation that does not utilize adenosine-dependent or prostaglandin-dependent mechanisms.	Adenosine	162-171	natriuretic peptide A	Canis lupus familiaris	73-76
3398696-1	1988	The effects of adenosine (ADE) and ADE agonists on erythropoietin (Ep) production were determined using percent (%) 59Fe incorporation in red cells of exhypoxic polycythemic mice.	Adenosine	26-29	erythropoietin	Mus musculus	51-65
3398696-1	1988	The effects of adenosine (ADE) and ADE agonists on erythropoietin (Ep) production were determined using percent (%) 59Fe incorporation in red cells of exhypoxic polycythemic mice.	Adenosine	35-38	erythropoietin	Mus musculus	51-65
3297306-0	1987	Effect of adenosine analogues on protein carboxylmethyltransferase, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, and ribonucleotide reductase activity in murine neuroblastoma cells.	Adenosine	10-19	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase	Mus musculus	68-100
3627439-1	1987	In vitro binding sites for [125I]iodohydroxyphenylisopropyladenosine, an A1 adenosine agonist, were visualized in the CA1 area of the rat hippocampus by electron microscopical autoradiography.	Adenosine	59-68	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-121
3036123-4	1987	The results suggest that activation of CD2/CD3 receptors by lectins could potentiate the endogenous cyclic AMP stimulator adenosine via activation of protein kinase C.	Adenosine	122-131	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	39-42
3947393-4	1986	(ii) The incubation of stored cells with SAM hardly affected (or rather decreased) the IMP level, while that with adenosine remarkably increased IMP (and ITP).	Adenosine	114-123	inositol monophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	145-148
3562437-5	1986	The 5" noncoding sequences for phospholipase A2 (28 bases) and lipase (34 bases) mRNAs both have an adenosine base three positions preceding the AUG initiation codon but otherwise demonstrate no homology.	Adenosine	100-109	phospholipase A2 group IB	Canis lupus familiaris	31-47
3932644-0	1985	Adenosine actions on CA1 pyramidal neurones in rat hippocampal slices.	Adenosine	0-9	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
2986700-7	1985	The transformation is accompanied by the hydrolysis of actin-bound nucleotide into adenosine, which remains bound to actin.	Adenosine	83-92	actin, beta	Gallus gallus	55-60
2986700-7	1985	The transformation is accompanied by the hydrolysis of actin-bound nucleotide into adenosine, which remains bound to actin.	Adenosine	83-92	actin, beta	Gallus gallus	117-122
3858863-6	1985	First, periodate-oxidized adenosine and 3-deaza(+/-)aristeromycin, two other inhibitors of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase that caused greater increases in macrophage S-adenosylhomocysteine than did c3Ado, had no effect on either phagocytosis or microfilaments.	Adenosine	26-35	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase	Mus musculus	91-123
3858863-7	1985	Second, pretreatment of macrophages with periodate-oxidized adenosine (to inhibit S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase) prevented the subsequent metabolism of c3Ado to S-3-deazaadenosylhomocysteine but did not diminish the effects of c3Ado on phagocytosis or microfilaments.	Adenosine	60-69	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase	Mus musculus	82-114
2981855-5	1985	These results clearly demonstrate that the N-6 amino group of the first adenosine residue of 2-5A is critical in RNase L binding whereas the N-6 amino function of the third adenosine residue of 2-5A is crucial for the activation of RNase L.	Adenosine	72-81	ribonuclease L	Homo sapiens	113-120
6317046-3	1983	Adenosine kinase (ATP:adenosine 5"-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.20), the first to elute from the column is responsible for the majority of the deoxyadenosine phosphorylation in cell extracts and, according to resistance data, appears to phosphorylate most adenosine analogs tested, including 9-beta-D-arabinosyladenine (ara-A).	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine kinase	Cricetulus griseus	0-16
6622825-10	1983	In HPRT deficient cells N6-methyladenosine was a far more effective inhibitor of hypoxanthine transport than adenosine.	Adenosine	33-42	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	3-7
6600937-1	1983	The exact role of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (EC 3.3.1.1) in mediating the toxic effects of adenosine toward mammalian cells has not been ascertained.	Adenosine	98-107	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	18-50
6958362-2	1982	In each case, it was found that exogenous purines (guanosine, deoxyguanosine, adenosine, deoxyadenosine, and hypoxanthine) both reduced and potentiated MTX cytotoxicity depending on the MTX concentration.	Adenosine	78-87	metaxin 1	Homo sapiens	152-155
6256378-6	1981	Desensitization of the cAMP response to 10(6) M prostaglandin E1 and 1 mM adenosine was unaffected by nicotinamide.	Adenosine	74-83	small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 73A	Homo sapiens	62-70
7470463-0	1981	Adenosine analogues as substrates and inhibitors of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	52-84
7470463-4	1981	The carbocyclic analogue of adenosine is the most potent inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase with a Ki of 5 X 10(-9) M. When incubated with 3T3-L1 fibroblasts, the carbocyclic analogue of adenosine caused a 20-fold increase in the cellular concentration of S-adenosyl-homocysteine.	Adenosine	28-37	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	70-102
7470463-4	1981	The carbocyclic analogue of adenosine is the most potent inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase with a Ki of 5 X 10(-9) M. When incubated with 3T3-L1 fibroblasts, the carbocyclic analogue of adenosine caused a 20-fold increase in the cellular concentration of S-adenosyl-homocysteine.	Adenosine	198-207	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	70-102
6257844-4	1981	gamma-Aminobutyric acid, diazepine, noradrenaline and alpha antagonists are without any effect; S-adenosyl-L-methionine, adenosine and adenosine triphosphate inhibit SAH binding.	Adenosine	121-130	acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 3	Rattus norvegicus	166-169
6162090-0	1980	Evidence that the inhibitory effect of adenosine, but not cordycepin, on the methylation of nuclear RNA is mediated by S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase.	Adenosine	39-48	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	119-151
6254019-5	1980	Low concentrations of adenosine (Ado), which block binding of dAdo to purified AdoHcyase, prevented inactivation of intracellular AdoHcyase and also lessened the growth-inhibitory effect of dAdo.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	79-88
6254019-5	1980	Low concentrations of adenosine (Ado), which block binding of dAdo to purified AdoHcyase, prevented inactivation of intracellular AdoHcyase and also lessened the growth-inhibitory effect of dAdo.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	130-139
6254019-5	1980	Low concentrations of adenosine (Ado), which block binding of dAdo to purified AdoHcyase, prevented inactivation of intracellular AdoHcyase and also lessened the growth-inhibitory effect of dAdo.	Adenosine	33-36	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	79-88
6254019-5	1980	Low concentrations of adenosine (Ado), which block binding of dAdo to purified AdoHcyase, prevented inactivation of intracellular AdoHcyase and also lessened the growth-inhibitory effect of dAdo.	Adenosine	33-36	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	130-139
6247005-1	1980	1 The effects of adenosine and various derivatives were examined in the in vitro hippocampal slice preparation from rat.2 The amplitudes of extracellularly recorded field potentials from the CA1 region were depressed by adenosine, and this effect could be antagonized by methylxanthines.	Adenosine	17-26	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	191-194
6247005-1	1980	1 The effects of adenosine and various derivatives were examined in the in vitro hippocampal slice preparation from rat.2 The amplitudes of extracellularly recorded field potentials from the CA1 region were depressed by adenosine, and this effect could be antagonized by methylxanthines.	Adenosine	220-229	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	191-194
6259314-5	1980	2-Chloroadenosine, which is resistant to the action of adenosine deaminase, was a more potent growth inhibitor, while 3"AMP and 2"-AMP, which are not hydrolyzed to adenosine by membrane 5"-nucleotidase, were ineffective.	Adenosine	8-17	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	186-201
6243761-2	1980	Postsynaptic response to epinephrine was defective in chronic EAMG with high titers of antibody, suggesting that active Na-K transport system modulated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) may be affected primarily by antibody.	Adenosine	162-171	TANK binding kinase 1	Homo sapiens	120-124
1201504-2	1975	Mcp (1.0 muM) decreased the inhibitory effects of ATP, ADP, and adenosine on peristalsis induced in the isolated guinea-pig ileum by a constant increase in intraluminal pressure, did not affect inhibition due to theophylline ethylenediamine, whilst it potentiated inhibition of peristalsis due to noradrenaline.	Adenosine	64-73	membrane cofactor protein	Cavia porcellus	0-3
171652-2	1975	These include norepinephrine or isoproterenol, and prostaglandin E1 or adenosine, which stimulate ornithine decarboxylase activity in C6-BU-1 glioma and N115 neuroblastoma cells, respectively.	Adenosine	71-80	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-121
1234023-1	1975	The solution conformations of adenosine, guanosine and inosine in liquid ND3 have been determined by NMR.	Adenosine	30-39	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 3	Homo sapiens	73-76
10793760-2	1974	Compound [unk] has been proved to have a conformation in which the adenosine and benzene rings are intramolecularly stacked and compound [unk] an elongated non-stacked conformation in dimethylsulphoxide.	Adenosine	67-76	unk zinc finger	Homo sapiens	10-13
33891515-2	2021	Considering an accentuated antagonism, the results were somewhat paradoxical; i.e., the accentuated antagonism indicates that an activation of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels via the accumulation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) augments the HR response to VNS, whereas the inhibition of HCN channels by IVA also augmented the HR response to VNS.	Adenosine	255-264	cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	196-199
33610717-1	2021	Adenosine modulates many aspects of human physiology and pathophysiology through binding to the adenosine family of G protein-coupled receptors, which are comprised of four subtypes, the A1R, A2AR, A2BR and A3R.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	192-196
33610717-1	2021	Adenosine modulates many aspects of human physiology and pathophysiology through binding to the adenosine family of G protein-coupled receptors, which are comprised of four subtypes, the A1R, A2AR, A2BR and A3R.	Adenosine	96-105	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	192-196
33678520-1	2021	BACKGROUND: CD38, a druggable ectoenzyme, is involved in the generation of adenosine, which is implicated in tumour immune evasion.	Adenosine	75-84	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	12-16
32338151-2	2021	In this study, were used ADME/Tox, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate selective adenosine A2AR agonists as potential anti-inflammatory drugs.	Adenosine	113-122	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	123-127
33136287-4	2021	The three major known downstream targets of CAMKK2 are 5"-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPKalpha), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 1 (CAMK1) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 4 (CAMK4).	Adenosine	58-67	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase kinase 2	Homo sapiens	44-50
33230845-8	2021	SOD3 deficiency inhibited adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling to downregulate SIRT1 expression and thus involving in liver fibrosis.	Adenosine	26-35	superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular	Mus musculus	0-4
33230845-8	2021	SOD3 deficiency inhibited adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling to downregulate SIRT1 expression and thus involving in liver fibrosis.	Adenosine	26-35	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	108-113
34022892-12	2021	Furthermore, the interaction between Ac2-26 and FPR2/ALX receptor activated the 5" adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibited the downstream mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).	Adenosine	83-92	formyl peptide receptor 2	Homo sapiens	48-52
33993848-2	2022	AHCY (adenosylhomocysteinase) converts SAH into homocysteine and adenosine.	Adenosine	65-74	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	0-4
33993848-2	2022	AHCY (adenosylhomocysteinase) converts SAH into homocysteine and adenosine.	Adenosine	65-74	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	6-28
33993848-7	2022	Our study uncovers a new axis of SAH-AHCYL1-PIK3C3, which senses the intracellular level of SAH to inhibit autophagy in an MTORC1-independent manner.Abbreviations: ADOX: adenosine dialdehyde; AHCY: adenosylhomocysteinase; AHCYL1: adenosylhomocysteinase like 1; cLEU: cycloleucine; PIK3C3: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; SAH: S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine; SAM: S-adenosyl-l-methionine.	Adenosine	170-179	adenosylhomocysteinase like 1	Homo sapiens	37-43
33993848-7	2022	Our study uncovers a new axis of SAH-AHCYL1-PIK3C3, which senses the intracellular level of SAH to inhibit autophagy in an MTORC1-independent manner.Abbreviations: ADOX: adenosine dialdehyde; AHCY: adenosylhomocysteinase; AHCYL1: adenosylhomocysteinase like 1; cLEU: cycloleucine; PIK3C3: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; SAH: S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine; SAM: S-adenosyl-l-methionine.	Adenosine	170-179	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	37-41
33993848-7	2022	Our study uncovers a new axis of SAH-AHCYL1-PIK3C3, which senses the intracellular level of SAH to inhibit autophagy in an MTORC1-independent manner.Abbreviations: ADOX: adenosine dialdehyde; AHCY: adenosylhomocysteinase; AHCYL1: adenosylhomocysteinase like 1; cLEU: cycloleucine; PIK3C3: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; SAH: S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine; SAM: S-adenosyl-l-methionine.	Adenosine	170-179	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	198-220
33993848-7	2022	Our study uncovers a new axis of SAH-AHCYL1-PIK3C3, which senses the intracellular level of SAH to inhibit autophagy in an MTORC1-independent manner.Abbreviations: ADOX: adenosine dialdehyde; AHCY: adenosylhomocysteinase; AHCYL1: adenosylhomocysteinase like 1; cLEU: cycloleucine; PIK3C3: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; SAH: S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine; SAM: S-adenosyl-l-methionine.	Adenosine	170-179	adenosylhomocysteinase like 1	Homo sapiens	222-228
33993848-7	2022	Our study uncovers a new axis of SAH-AHCYL1-PIK3C3, which senses the intracellular level of SAH to inhibit autophagy in an MTORC1-independent manner.Abbreviations: ADOX: adenosine dialdehyde; AHCY: adenosylhomocysteinase; AHCYL1: adenosylhomocysteinase like 1; cLEU: cycloleucine; PIK3C3: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; SAH: S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine; SAM: S-adenosyl-l-methionine.	Adenosine	170-179	adenosylhomocysteinase like 1	Homo sapiens	230-259
33340515-5	2021	Along with the "canonical route" of ATP breakdown to adenosine via sequential ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1/CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 activities, it has now become clear that purine metabolism is the result of concerted effort between ATP release, its metabolism through redundant nucleotide-inactivating and counteracting ATP-regenerating ectoenzymatic pathways, as well as cellular nucleoside uptake and phosphorylation of adenosine to ATP through complex phosphotransfer reactions.	Adenosine	53-62	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	78-127
33340515-5	2021	Along with the "canonical route" of ATP breakdown to adenosine via sequential ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1/CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 activities, it has now become clear that purine metabolism is the result of concerted effort between ATP release, its metabolism through redundant nucleotide-inactivating and counteracting ATP-regenerating ectoenzymatic pathways, as well as cellular nucleoside uptake and phosphorylation of adenosine to ATP through complex phosphotransfer reactions.	Adenosine	53-62	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	129-137
33340515-5	2021	Along with the "canonical route" of ATP breakdown to adenosine via sequential ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1/CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 activities, it has now become clear that purine metabolism is the result of concerted effort between ATP release, its metabolism through redundant nucleotide-inactivating and counteracting ATP-regenerating ectoenzymatic pathways, as well as cellular nucleoside uptake and phosphorylation of adenosine to ATP through complex phosphotransfer reactions.	Adenosine	53-62	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	138-142
33340515-5	2021	Along with the "canonical route" of ATP breakdown to adenosine via sequential ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1/CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 activities, it has now become clear that purine metabolism is the result of concerted effort between ATP release, its metabolism through redundant nucleotide-inactivating and counteracting ATP-regenerating ectoenzymatic pathways, as well as cellular nucleoside uptake and phosphorylation of adenosine to ATP through complex phosphotransfer reactions.	Adenosine	465-474	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	129-137
33340515-5	2021	Along with the "canonical route" of ATP breakdown to adenosine via sequential ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1/CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 activities, it has now become clear that purine metabolism is the result of concerted effort between ATP release, its metabolism through redundant nucleotide-inactivating and counteracting ATP-regenerating ectoenzymatic pathways, as well as cellular nucleoside uptake and phosphorylation of adenosine to ATP through complex phosphotransfer reactions.	Adenosine	465-474	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	138-142
33460629-1	2021	CD39 and CD73 control cell immunity by hydrolyzing proinflammatory ATP and ADP (CD39) into AMP, subsequently converted into anti-inflammatory adenosine (CD73).	Adenosine	142-151	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	80-84
33482152-9	2021	The net- resulting phenotype of adenosine derivatives in bone (including the ratio of ATP to Adenosine) is highly dependent on CD39 and CD73 enzymes together with the expression and activity of the specific receptors.	Adenosine	32-41	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	127-131
33482152-9	2021	The net- resulting phenotype of adenosine derivatives in bone (including the ratio of ATP to Adenosine) is highly dependent on CD39 and CD73 enzymes together with the expression and activity of the specific receptors.	Adenosine	93-102	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	127-131
33913581-3	2021	We have previously reported that the expression of the angiogenic cytokines vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and IL-6 is strongly upregulated in EpiSC by adenosine acting via the A2B receptor (A2B R).	Adenosine	166-175	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	76-112
33913581-3	2021	We have previously reported that the expression of the angiogenic cytokines vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and IL-6 is strongly upregulated in EpiSC by adenosine acting via the A2B receptor (A2B R).	Adenosine	166-175	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	114-119
33913581-11	2021	Altogether, we identified A2B R-mediated HIF-1alpha induction as novel aspect in the HIF-1alpha-adenosine crosstalk, which modulates EpiSC activity and can amplify HIF-1alpha-mediated cardioprotection.	Adenosine	96-105	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	41-51
33913581-11	2021	Altogether, we identified A2B R-mediated HIF-1alpha induction as novel aspect in the HIF-1alpha-adenosine crosstalk, which modulates EpiSC activity and can amplify HIF-1alpha-mediated cardioprotection.	Adenosine	96-105	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	85-95
33913581-11	2021	Altogether, we identified A2B R-mediated HIF-1alpha induction as novel aspect in the HIF-1alpha-adenosine crosstalk, which modulates EpiSC activity and can amplify HIF-1alpha-mediated cardioprotection.	Adenosine	96-105	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	85-95
33616808-2	2021	Adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) modulate dopamine signal and addictive behaviors such as cocaine- and amphetamine-induced self-administration.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	25-29
33913070-2	2021	Neutrophil recruitment and migration to injured tissues is guided by purinergic receptor sensitization, mostly induced by extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its hydrolysis product, adenosine (ADO), which is primarily produced by the CD39-CD73 axis located at the neutrophil cell surface.	Adenosine	136-145	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	245-249
33913070-2	2021	Neutrophil recruitment and migration to injured tissues is guided by purinergic receptor sensitization, mostly induced by extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its hydrolysis product, adenosine (ADO), which is primarily produced by the CD39-CD73 axis located at the neutrophil cell surface.	Adenosine	193-202	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	245-249
33913070-2	2021	Neutrophil recruitment and migration to injured tissues is guided by purinergic receptor sensitization, mostly induced by extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its hydrolysis product, adenosine (ADO), which is primarily produced by the CD39-CD73 axis located at the neutrophil cell surface.	Adenosine	204-207	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	245-249
33925516-1	2021	Recently, we found that the expressions of adenosine (ADO) receptors A2AR and A2BR and the ectonucleotidase CD73 which is needed for the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and the extracellular ADO level are increased in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells and RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells compared to normal cells or non-TNBC cells.	Adenosine	151-160	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	69-73
33925516-1	2021	Recently, we found that the expressions of adenosine (ADO) receptors A2AR and A2BR and the ectonucleotidase CD73 which is needed for the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and the extracellular ADO level are increased in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells and RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells compared to normal cells or non-TNBC cells.	Adenosine	233-236	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	69-73
33925516-3	2021	Therefore, we further investigated the role of ADO-activated A2AR and its signaling pathway in the progression of RT-R-TNBC.	Adenosine	47-50	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	61-65
33925516-4	2021	ADO treatment induced MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion, which were enhanced in RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells in an A2AR-dependent manner.	Adenosine	0-3	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	136-140
33925516-5	2021	A2AR activation by ADO induced AKT phosphorylation and then beta-catenin, Snail, and vimentin expression, and these effects were abolished by A2AR-siRNA transfection.	Adenosine	19-22	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	0-4
33925516-5	2021	A2AR activation by ADO induced AKT phosphorylation and then beta-catenin, Snail, and vimentin expression, and these effects were abolished by A2AR-siRNA transfection.	Adenosine	19-22	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	60-72
33925516-5	2021	A2AR activation by ADO induced AKT phosphorylation and then beta-catenin, Snail, and vimentin expression, and these effects were abolished by A2AR-siRNA transfection.	Adenosine	19-22	vimentin	Homo sapiens	85-93
33925516-5	2021	A2AR activation by ADO induced AKT phosphorylation and then beta-catenin, Snail, and vimentin expression, and these effects were abolished by A2AR-siRNA transfection.	Adenosine	19-22	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	142-146
32991685-1	2021	Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that plays a major role in the physiology and physiopathology of the coronary artery system, mainly by activating its A2A receptors (A2AR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	156-169
32991685-1	2021	Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that plays a major role in the physiology and physiopathology of the coronary artery system, mainly by activating its A2A receptors (A2AR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	171-175
33515843-2	2021	Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, the most frequent nucleotide conversion on RNA, which is catalyzed by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes, may modulate gene expression and function.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	104-137
33515843-2	2021	Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, the most frequent nucleotide conversion on RNA, which is catalyzed by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes, may modulate gene expression and function.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	139-143
33610376-4	2021	Studies of the past decade have demonstrated the role of Tregs and ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 in the generation of immunosuppressive extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	152-161	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	85-89
33610376-6	2021	Here we review the latest data on issues regarding the role of extracellular adenosine and its receptors in antitumor immune response, adenosine generation mechanisms involving Tregs and the membrane proteins CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	135-144	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	209-213
33524770-7	2021	We demonstrate that the A1 receptor is required for adenosine-stimulated IL-10 and IL-1beta secretion indicating an important role of this receptor during resolution of inflammation and tissue repair in these cells.	Adenosine	52-61	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	83-91
33717263-2	2021	It selectively inhibits four isomers of PI3K, PI3Kalpha, PI3Kbeta, PI3Kgamma and PI3Kdelta, by competitively binding the lipid kinase domain on adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP), and serves an important role in inhibiting proliferation, promoting apoptosis and blocking angiogenesis, predominantly by antagonizing the PI3K/AKT pathway.	Adenosine	144-153	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	67-76
33717263-2	2021	It selectively inhibits four isomers of PI3K, PI3Kalpha, PI3Kbeta, PI3Kgamma and PI3Kdelta, by competitively binding the lipid kinase domain on adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP), and serves an important role in inhibiting proliferation, promoting apoptosis and blocking angiogenesis, predominantly by antagonizing the PI3K/AKT pathway.	Adenosine	144-153	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta	Homo sapiens	81-90
33727591-1	2021	CD73 is a cell surface ecto-5"-nucleotidase, which converts extracellular adenosine monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	74-83	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
33727591-1	2021	CD73 is a cell surface ecto-5"-nucleotidase, which converts extracellular adenosine monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	74-83	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	23-43
33727591-1	2021	CD73 is a cell surface ecto-5"-nucleotidase, which converts extracellular adenosine monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	101-110	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
33727591-1	2021	CD73 is a cell surface ecto-5"-nucleotidase, which converts extracellular adenosine monophosphate to adenosine.	Adenosine	101-110	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	23-43
33632231-5	2021	The introduction of Met, a conventional anti-diabetic drug, promotes programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) degradation by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, subsequently blocking the inhibitory signals of PD-L1.	Adenosine	129-138	SAFB like transcription modulator	Homo sapiens	20-23
33632231-5	2021	The introduction of Met, a conventional anti-diabetic drug, promotes programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) degradation by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, subsequently blocking the inhibitory signals of PD-L1.	Adenosine	129-138	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	69-94
33632231-5	2021	The introduction of Met, a conventional anti-diabetic drug, promotes programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) degradation by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, subsequently blocking the inhibitory signals of PD-L1.	Adenosine	129-138	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	96-101
33708212-4	2021	These changes involve CD39 and CD69 expression, affecting the adenosine pathway and residency in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, together with oligoclonal expansion within CD8+ TTE cells.	Adenosine	62-71	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
33869980-8	2021	Consistent with these findings, VAT removal increases adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase C phosphorylation, a major downstream target of adiponectin signaling.	Adenosine	54-63	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	151-162
33670488-3	2021	In this review, we summarized the possible correlation between adenosine system, purinergic system and Wnt/beta-catenin pathway and their role in the pathogenesis of cardiac damage following MI.	Adenosine	63-72	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	107-119
33412444-5	2021	The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration of bulk water in the pipe reactors increased from ~1.2 ng/L to almost above 5 ng/L when fed water switching to TP 2.	Adenosine	4-13	transition protein 2	Homo sapiens	158-162
33643295-2	2020	While both EP2 and EP4 signaling leads to an elevation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels through the stimulating Galphas protein, EP4 also couples to the inhibitory Galphai protein to decrease the production of cAMP.	Adenosine	79-88	prostaglandin E receptor 4	Homo sapiens	19-22
33643295-2	2020	While both EP2 and EP4 signaling leads to an elevation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels through the stimulating Galphas protein, EP4 also couples to the inhibitory Galphai protein to decrease the production of cAMP.	Adenosine	79-88	gastrin	Homo sapiens	141-148
33643295-2	2020	While both EP2 and EP4 signaling leads to an elevation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels through the stimulating Galphas protein, EP4 also couples to the inhibitory Galphai protein to decrease the production of cAMP.	Adenosine	79-88	prostaglandin E receptor 4	Homo sapiens	158-161
33634052-1	2020	Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ owing to its unique expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which is a proton channel in the inner mitochondrial membrane used to dissipate the proton gradient and uncouple the electron transport chain to generate heat instead of adenosine triphosphate.	Adenosine	283-292	uncoupling protein 1	Homo sapiens	84-104
33634052-1	2020	Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ owing to its unique expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which is a proton channel in the inner mitochondrial membrane used to dissipate the proton gradient and uncouple the electron transport chain to generate heat instead of adenosine triphosphate.	Adenosine	283-292	uncoupling protein 1	Homo sapiens	106-110
33572077-4	2021	In striatal membrane preparations, adenosine decreases both the affinity and the signal transduction of D2R via its interaction with A2AR.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	133-137
33572077-9	2021	Antagonistic interactions between adenosine and dopamine are (at least partially) caused by allosteric receptor-receptor interactions within A2AR/D2R heteromeric complexes.	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	141-145
32858177-0	2020	Genetic and epigenetic regulation of osteopontin by cyclic adenosine 3" 5"-monophosphate in osteoblasts.	Adenosine	59-68	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	37-48
32651550-2	2020	Enzymatic modification of adenosine to inosine (A2I) by ADAR is the most studied type of RNAe.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	56-60
33045579-2	2020	CD39 can hydrolyze eATP into adenosine monophosphate (AMP), while CD73 can convert AMP into the immunosuppressive nucleoside adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	29-38	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
33045579-2	2020	CD39 can hydrolyze eATP into adenosine monophosphate (AMP), while CD73 can convert AMP into the immunosuppressive nucleoside adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	125-134	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
33045579-3	2020	CD39 is a rate-limiting enzyme in this cascade, which is regarded as an immunological switch shifting the ATP-mediated pro-inflammatory environment to the ADO- mediated anti-inflammatory status.	Adenosine	155-158	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
33255391-1	2020	This study probed the differential utilization of P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors in mobilizing CD62P (P-selectin) from intracellular granules following activation of human platelets with adenosine 5"-diphosphate (ADP, 100 micromol L-1) Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was prepared from the blood of adult humans.	Adenosine	181-190	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Homo sapiens	50-54
33255391-1	2020	This study probed the differential utilization of P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors in mobilizing CD62P (P-selectin) from intracellular granules following activation of human platelets with adenosine 5"-diphosphate (ADP, 100 micromol L-1) Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was prepared from the blood of adult humans.	Adenosine	181-190	selectin P	Homo sapiens	89-94
33255391-1	2020	This study probed the differential utilization of P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors in mobilizing CD62P (P-selectin) from intracellular granules following activation of human platelets with adenosine 5"-diphosphate (ADP, 100 micromol L-1) Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was prepared from the blood of adult humans.	Adenosine	181-190	selectin P	Homo sapiens	96-106
33238553-2	2020	These adenosine triphosphate dependent chaperones were classified based on their molecular mass that ranges between 10-100 kDA, including; HSP10, HSP40, HSP70, HSP90, HSPB1, HSPD, and HSPH1 family.	Adenosine	6-15	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	160-165
33208731-1	2020	CD39 is an ectonucleotidase that initiates conversion of extracellular nucleotides into immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	106-115	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
33166408-6	2020	We analyzed the transcriptomes of human monocyte-derived macrophages stimulated in the presence of Ado or PGE2 and demonstrated that, in macrophages differentiated in M-CSF, Ado and PGE2 induce a shared transcriptional program involving the downregulation of inflammatory mediators and the upregulation of growth factors.	Adenosine	99-102	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	167-172
33166408-6	2020	We analyzed the transcriptomes of human monocyte-derived macrophages stimulated in the presence of Ado or PGE2 and demonstrated that, in macrophages differentiated in M-CSF, Ado and PGE2 induce a shared transcriptional program involving the downregulation of inflammatory mediators and the upregulation of growth factors.	Adenosine	174-177	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	167-172
33166408-7	2020	In contrast, macrophages generated in GM-CSF fail to convert to a growth-promoting phenotype, which we attribute to the suppression of receptors for Ado and PGE2 and lower production of these endogenous regulators.	Adenosine	149-152	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	38-44
33086047-1	2020	Amide hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry is powerful for describing combinatorial coupling effects of a cooperative ligand pair binding at noncontiguous sites: adenosine at the ATP-pocket and a docking peptide (PIFtide) at the PIF-pocket, on a model protein kinase PDK1.	Adenosine	171-180	PIF1 5'-to-3' DNA helicase	Homo sapiens	222-225
32735873-3	2020	We hypothesized that exaggerated hypoxia-induced hypotension after CBX, leading to greater spinal tissue hypoxia and extracellular adenosine accumulation, thereby triggering adenosine 2A receptor (A2A)-dependent pLTF.	Adenosine	131-140	spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1	Rattus norvegicus	174-200
32743802-1	2020	OBJECTIVES: To determine whether ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5NT) contributes to the release of adenosine and uridine and whether is establishes the role of e5NT in acute restraint stress-induced depression and anxiety-like behaviours in mice.	Adenosine	91-100	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	33-53
32743802-1	2020	OBJECTIVES: To determine whether ecto-5"-nucleotidase (e5NT) contributes to the release of adenosine and uridine and whether is establishes the role of e5NT in acute restraint stress-induced depression and anxiety-like behaviours in mice.	Adenosine	91-100	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	55-59
32798727-3	2020	Adenosine, an endogenous neuromodulator, may accomplish that role since through A2AR it potentiates BDNF synaptic actions in healthy animals.	Adenosine	0-9	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	100-104
32798727-11	2020	Extracts of the hippocampus and cortex of Mecp2-/y mice revealed less adenosine amount as well as less A2AR protein levels when compared to WT littermates, which may partially explain the deficits in adenosinergic tonus in these animals.	Adenosine	70-79	methyl CpG binding protein 2	Mus musculus	42-47
33192543-7	2020	Suboptimal man1a2 knockdown synergized with suboptimal EGFR signaling or suboptimal knockdown of the EGFR pathway gene, adenosine-ribosylation-factor-6, which had minimal effects individually, to reproduce biliary defects but not heterotaxy.	Adenosine	120-129	epidermal growth factor receptor	Mus musculus	101-105
33054162-3	2020	To understand the role of cellular membrane lipids and cations in GPCR activation, we performed multiscale molecular dynamics simulations (56 mus) on three different conformational states of adenosine receptor A2AR, in both the cell membrane-like lipid bilayer and in detergent micelles.	Adenosine	191-200	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	210-214
32614585-2	2020	Intratumoral generation of ADO depends on the sequential catabolism of ATP by two ecto-nucleotidases, CD39 (ATP   AMP) and CD73 (AMP   ADO).	Adenosine	27-30	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	102-106
32930254-10	2020	The synergistic effect of MET and CDDP in HA-CDDP/PMet NPs also resulted in induction of the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase-alpha (AMPK-alpha) pathway and inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), finally exerting a chemotherapeutic effect and modulating a potent immunotherapeutic function with an increase in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, a concomitant decrease in regulatory T (Treg) cells, and an increased expression of the cytokines IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha.	Adenosine	93-102	SAFB like transcription modulator	Homo sapiens	26-29
33028677-6	2020	NMR and electron cryomicroscopy data have been used as restraints in molecular dynamics trajectories to develop structural ensembles for p47-p97 complexes in adenosine diphosphate (ADP)- and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-bound conformations, highlighting differences in interactions in the two states.	Adenosine	158-167	pleckstrin	Homo sapiens	137-140
33028677-6	2020	NMR and electron cryomicroscopy data have been used as restraints in molecular dynamics trajectories to develop structural ensembles for p47-p97 complexes in adenosine diphosphate (ADP)- and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-bound conformations, highlighting differences in interactions in the two states.	Adenosine	191-200	pleckstrin	Homo sapiens	137-140
32898522-11	2020	Exposure of cancer cell lines to adenosine induced the expression of PD-L1 and LDHA mRNA and protein levels.	Adenosine	33-42	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	69-74
33116625-1	2020	Introduction: The cell-surface ectonucleotidase CD39 is a key molecule of the immunosuppressive adenosine pathway within the tumor microenvironment.	Adenosine	96-105	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
33066171-2	2020	It converts adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA regions (in coding and non-coding RNAs) through the action of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	122-155
33066171-2	2020	It converts adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA regions (in coding and non-coding RNAs) through the action of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	157-161
33123122-5	2020	We show here in primary tumors from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients that MICs express higher levels of immunoregulatory molecules compared to tumor bulk, namely PD-L1 and CD73, an ectoenzyme that catalyzes the production of immunosuppressive adenosine, suggesting an enhanced ability of MICs to escape immune responses.	Adenosine	254-263	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	173-178
32814251-7	2020	We show that both ADAR1 and ADAR2 (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 and RNA 2) can edit pri-microRNAs in a microRNA-specific manner.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	18-23
32878981-4	2020	SMOC1 exerted its favorable glycemic effects by inhibiting adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)-cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling in the liver, leading to decreased gluconeogenic gene expression and suppression of hepatic glucose output.	Adenosine	59-68	SPARC related modular calcium binding 1	Mus musculus	0-5
32577949-6	2020	Besides, GRB7 silence resulted in the decrease of adenosine triphosphate content, glucose uptake, and lactose production in TC cells and attenuated the activity and expression of mitochondrial respiratory complex.	Adenosine	50-59	growth factor receptor bound protein 7	Homo sapiens	9-13
33164356-4	2020	The results showed that adenosine, epigoitrin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, cichoric acid, corynoline, baicalin, wogonoside, wogonin and oroxylin A had a certain regulatory effect on inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor(TNF-alpha), interleukin(IL-1beta) and IL-6 at specific concentrations in a dose-dependent manner.	Adenosine	24-33	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	240-260
32867271-1	2020	ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) catalyzes the deamination of adenosine to generate inosine, through its binding to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a phenomenon known as RNA editing.	Adenosine	6-15	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-4
33193582-1	2020	Abnormal methylation of N6 adenosine (m6A) in RNA plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many types of tumors.	Adenosine	27-36	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	38-41
32819386-3	2020	Panx1 channels have been shown to be important conduits for adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) release and are associated with leukocyte infiltration and pyroptosis.	Adenosine	60-69	pannexin 1	Mus musculus	0-5
32973714-6	2020	Searching for the basis of growth inhibition by bipyridyls, we found reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in the ttgB mutant compared to the wild type.	Adenosine	77-86	multidrug efflux RND transporter permease subunit TtgB	Pseudomonas putida KT2440	120-124
32606006-7	2020	By reducing m6A levels at the 3"UTR and the mRNA stability of two phosphodiesterase genes (PDE1C and PDE4B), FTO augmented second messenger 3", 5"-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling and suppressed stemness features of ovarian cancer cells.	Adenosine	154-163	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	109-112
32790688-3	2020	METTL3 selectively catalyzes the adenosines centered in the RRAC motif.	Adenosine	33-43	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	0-6
32806497-1	2020	The most common type of RNA editing in metazoans is the deamination of adenosine into inosine (A-to-I) catalyzed by the adenosine deaminase acting on the RNA (ADAR) family of proteins.	Adenosine	71-80	double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1	Bombyx mori	159-163
32806497-1	2020	The most common type of RNA editing in metazoans is the deamination of adenosine into inosine (A-to-I) catalyzed by the adenosine deaminase acting on the RNA (ADAR) family of proteins.	Adenosine	120-129	double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1	Bombyx mori	159-163
32770053-10	2020	Our analysis deciphers vital residues in adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) and adenosine receptor (A2A-R) that facilitate the binding of kinetin to these two important human cellular proteins.	Adenosine	86-95	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	106-111
32146518-9	2020	The inhibition of BTK by ibrutinib mimicked the effect of ADO, and ibrutinib reduced the production of ADO by downregulation of CD39 in vitro.	Adenosine	103-106	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	128-132
32413841-3	2020	Therefore, we hypothesized that GLUT supplementation would protect against adipose dysfunction and excess hepatic lipid influx and deposition in EPOC-treated animals by suppressing adenosine deaminase/xanthine oxidase (ADA/XO) activity and improving glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-dependent antioxidant defense.	Adenosine	181-190	glutaminase	Rattus norvegicus	32-36
32727810-2	2020	Adenosine signaling through the adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR) on immune cells elicits a range of immunosuppressive effects which promote tumor growth and limit the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	32-53
32727810-2	2020	Adenosine signaling through the adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR) on immune cells elicits a range of immunosuppressive effects which promote tumor growth and limit the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	55-59
32727810-11	2020	We find adenosine impairs the maturation and antigen presentation function of CD103+ DCs.	Adenosine	8-17	integrin subunit alpha E	Homo sapiens	78-83
32727810-14	2020	Our results support the novel role of adenosine signaling as an intrinsic negative regulator of CD103+ DCs maturation and priming.	Adenosine	38-47	integrin subunit alpha E	Homo sapiens	96-101
32727810-18	2020	Inhibition of adenosine signaling through selective small molecule inhibition of A2AR using AZD4635 restores T cell function via an internal mechanism as well as tumor antigen cross-presentation by CD103+ DCs resulting in antitumor immunity.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	81-85
32727810-18	2020	Inhibition of adenosine signaling through selective small molecule inhibition of A2AR using AZD4635 restores T cell function via an internal mechanism as well as tumor antigen cross-presentation by CD103+ DCs resulting in antitumor immunity.	Adenosine	14-23	integrin subunit alpha E	Homo sapiens	198-203
32494006-1	2020	The U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) has an essential role in the selection of the precursor mRNA branch-site adenosine, the nucleophile for the first step of splicing1.	Adenosine	120-129	LSM2 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA and mRNA degradation associated	Homo sapiens	40-45
32655483-11	2020	Together, these results are compatible with ClC-1 function being regulated by the level of adenosine nucleotides in native tissue, and that the channel operates as a sensor of skeletal muscle metabolic state, limiting muscle excitability when energy status is low.	Adenosine	91-100	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 1	Mus musculus	44-49
32518214-3	2020	Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), which is involved in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA)/CAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) pathway, has been shown to facilitate dendritic and synaptic plasticity.	Adenosine	67-76	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	166-170
33077693-0	2020	The metabolic suppressor 3-iodothyronamine enhances lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/forkhead box O1 signaling pathway.	Adenosine	105-114	forkhead box O1	Mus musculus	154-169
32109489-1	2020	Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside ubiquitously distributed throughout the body that interacts with G protein-coupled receptors, classified in four subtypes: A1R, A2AR, A2BR and A3R.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	173-177
32367441-10	2020	PNPase inhibition reduced the urinary excretion of endogenous adenine and attenuated the conversion of exogenous adenosine to adenine in the renal cortex.	Adenosine	113-122	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
32367441-12	2020	Also, rats express an enzyme with PNPase-like activity that metabolizes N6-etheno-adenosine to N6-etheno-adenine.	Adenosine	82-91	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Rattus norvegicus	34-40
32317394-3	2020	We identified cellular adenosine turnover as a complex cascade, comprised of (a) the ectoenzymatic breakdown of ATP via sequential nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1, ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 and adenosine deaminase reactions, and ATP re-synthesis through counteracting adenylate kinase and nucleoside diphosphokinase; (b) the uptake of nucleotide-derived adenosine via equilibrative nucleoside transporters; and (c) the intracellular adenosine phosphorylation into ATP by adenosine kinase and other nucleotide kinases.	Adenosine	23-32	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	179-199
32317394-3	2020	We identified cellular adenosine turnover as a complex cascade, comprised of (a) the ectoenzymatic breakdown of ATP via sequential nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1, ecto-5"-nucleotidase/CD73 and adenosine deaminase reactions, and ATP re-synthesis through counteracting adenylate kinase and nucleoside diphosphokinase; (b) the uptake of nucleotide-derived adenosine via equilibrative nucleoside transporters; and (c) the intracellular adenosine phosphorylation into ATP by adenosine kinase and other nucleotide kinases.	Adenosine	23-32	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	200-204
32471101-1	2020	tRNA nucleotidyl transferase 1 (TRNT1) is an essential enzyme catalyzing the addition of terminal cytosine-cytosine-adenosine (CCA) trinucleotides to all mature tRNAs, which is necessary for aminoacylation.	Adenosine	116-125	tRNA nucleotidyl transferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-30
32471101-1	2020	tRNA nucleotidyl transferase 1 (TRNT1) is an essential enzyme catalyzing the addition of terminal cytosine-cytosine-adenosine (CCA) trinucleotides to all mature tRNAs, which is necessary for aminoacylation.	Adenosine	116-125	tRNA nucleotidyl transferase 1	Homo sapiens	32-37
32433963-1	2020	Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, catalyzed by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes, alters RNA sequences from those encoded by DNA.	Adenosine	0-9	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA	Drosophila melanogaster	47-80
32433963-1	2020	Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, catalyzed by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes, alters RNA sequences from those encoded by DNA.	Adenosine	0-9	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA	Drosophila melanogaster	82-86
32433965-1	2020	Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing is catalyzed by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes that deaminate adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	49-82
32433965-1	2020	Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing is catalyzed by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes that deaminate adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	84-88
32433965-1	2020	Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing is catalyzed by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes that deaminate adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	49-58	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	84-88
32438662-8	2020	In hPC, stimulation with PGE2 led to an EP2- and EP4-dependent increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and COX2, and induced cellular PGE2.	Adenosine	82-91	prostaglandin E receptor 4	Homo sapiens	49-52
32509177-2	2020	METTL3 (methyltransferase like 3), a major RNA N6-adenosine methyltransferase, has been reported to participate in the progression of many cancers.	Adenosine	50-59	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	0-6
32509177-2	2020	METTL3 (methyltransferase like 3), a major RNA N6-adenosine methyltransferase, has been reported to participate in the progression of many cancers.	Adenosine	50-59	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	8-32
32159918-2	2020	We have screened a library of 4000 analogues and derivatives of the adenosine moiety of SAM by high-throughput docking into METTL3.	Adenosine	68-77	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	124-130
31953314-1	2020	PURPOSE: There are several agents in early clinical trials targeting components of the adenosine pathway including A2AR and CD73.	Adenosine	87-96	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	115-119
31953314-6	2020	RESULTS: The signature captures baseline adenosine levels in vivo (r2=0.92, p=0.018), is reduced after small molecule inhibition of A2AR in mice (r2 = -0.62, p=0.001) &amp; humans (reduction in 5 of 7 patients (70%)) and is abrogated after A2AR knock-out.	Adenosine	41-50	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	240-244
32079656-5	2020	Ectonucleotidase mediated ATP degradation led to increased extracellular adenosine (eADO) and inhibiting CD39 and CD73 in infected cells decreased adenosine concentration and parasite survival, documenting importance of adenosine in infection.	Adenosine	147-156	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	114-118
32079656-5	2020	Ectonucleotidase mediated ATP degradation led to increased extracellular adenosine (eADO) and inhibiting CD39 and CD73 in infected cells decreased adenosine concentration and parasite survival, documenting importance of adenosine in infection.	Adenosine	147-156	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	114-118
32272642-1	2020	Long-tailed unconventional class I myosin, Myosin 1E (MYO1E) and Myosin 1F (MYO1F) are motor proteins that use chemical energy from the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to produce mechanical work along the actin cytoskeleton.	Adenosine	150-159	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	35-41
31721163-11	2020	CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Data suggest that beta3 -adrenoceptor-induced inhibition of cholinergic neurotransmission in human and rat urinary bladders involves activation of an EPAC1/PKC pathway downstream cyclic AMP production resulting in adenosine outflow via ENT1.	Adenosine	243-252	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	47-52
32047024-4	2020	Here we found increased expression of adenosine-generating enzymes CD38 and CD73 in irradiated mouse and human breast cancer cells and increased adenosine in mouse tumors following radiotherapy.	Adenosine	38-47	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	76-80
31840914-2	2020	Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB)-binding protein (CBP or CREBBP) plays important roles in regulating gene transcription and animal development.	Adenosine	7-16	carotenoid-binding protein	Bombyx mori	95-98
32221286-1	2020	ADAR RNA editing enzymes are high-affinity dsRNA-binding proteins that deaminate adenosines to inosines in pre-mRNA hairpins and also exert editing-independent effects.	Adenosine	81-91	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA	Drosophila melanogaster	0-4
32221286-3	2020	We demonstrate that Adar adenosine deamination activity is necessary for normal locomotion and prevents age-dependent neurodegeneration.	Adenosine	25-34	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA	Drosophila melanogaster	20-24
32151963-1	2020	Treg-mediated immune suppression involves many molecular mechanisms including the cleavage of inflammatory extracellular ATP to adenosine by CD39 ectoenzyme.	Adenosine	128-137	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	141-145
32044725-1	2020	One of the most prevalent forms of post-transcriptional RNA modification is the conversion of adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I), mediated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes.	Adenosine	94-103	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	172-176
31999481-2	2020	The most common modifications are deaminations of adenosine to inosine at sites of complex RNA secondary structure, a process that is carried out by the adenosine deaminase acting on double-strand RNA (ADAR) family of RNA editases.	Adenosine	50-59	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	202-206
31999481-2	2020	The most common modifications are deaminations of adenosine to inosine at sites of complex RNA secondary structure, a process that is carried out by the adenosine deaminase acting on double-strand RNA (ADAR) family of RNA editases.	Adenosine	153-162	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	202-206
31930569-3	2020	Here, we report that hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) is crucial for the enhancement of placental adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	110-119	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	21-52
31930569-3	2020	Here, we report that hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) is crucial for the enhancement of placental adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	110-119	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	54-64
31930569-4	2020	Utilizing a pharmacologic approach to reduce placental adenosine levels, we found that enhanced adenosine underlies increased placental HIF-1alpha in an angiotensin receptor type 1 receptor agonistic autoantibody (AT1 -AA)-induced mouse model of PE.	Adenosine	55-64	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	136-146
31930569-4	2020	Utilizing a pharmacologic approach to reduce placental adenosine levels, we found that enhanced adenosine underlies increased placental HIF-1alpha in an angiotensin receptor type 1 receptor agonistic autoantibody (AT1 -AA)-induced mouse model of PE.	Adenosine	96-105	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	136-146
31930569-5	2020	Knockdown of placental HIF-1alpha in vivo suppressed the accumulation of adenosine and increased ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) and adenosine A2B receptor (ADORA2B) in the placentas of PE mouse models induced by AT1 -AA or LIGHT, a TNF superfamily cytokine (TNFSF14).	Adenosine	73-82	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	23-33
31930569-5	2020	Knockdown of placental HIF-1alpha in vivo suppressed the accumulation of adenosine and increased ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) and adenosine A2B receptor (ADORA2B) in the placentas of PE mouse models induced by AT1 -AA or LIGHT, a TNF superfamily cytokine (TNFSF14).	Adenosine	129-138	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	23-33
31930569-7	2020	Overall, we demonstrated that (a) elevated placental HIF-1alpha by AT1 -AA or LIGHT upregulates CD73 and ADORA2B expression and (b) enhanced adenosine signaling through upregulated ADORA2B induces placental HIF-1alpha expression, which creates a positive feedback loop that promotes FLT-1 expression leading to disease development.	Adenosine	141-150	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	53-63
31930569-7	2020	Overall, we demonstrated that (a) elevated placental HIF-1alpha by AT1 -AA or LIGHT upregulates CD73 and ADORA2B expression and (b) enhanced adenosine signaling through upregulated ADORA2B induces placental HIF-1alpha expression, which creates a positive feedback loop that promotes FLT-1 expression leading to disease development.	Adenosine	141-150	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	207-217
31996844-2	2020	It is prominent in mammals, in which millions of adenosines are deaminated to inosines by members of the ADAR family of enzymes.	Adenosine	49-59	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	105-109
32170814-1	2020	Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 4 (ENT4), encoded by SLC29A4, mediates the flux of both 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and adenosine across cell membranes.	Adenosine	124-133	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 4	Mus musculus	0-38
32170814-1	2020	Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 4 (ENT4), encoded by SLC29A4, mediates the flux of both 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and adenosine across cell membranes.	Adenosine	124-133	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 4	Mus musculus	40-44
32170814-1	2020	Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 4 (ENT4), encoded by SLC29A4, mediates the flux of both 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and adenosine across cell membranes.	Adenosine	124-133	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 4	Mus musculus	58-65
32170814-7	2020	Female ENT4-KO mice also demonstrated an enhanced vasodilatory response to adenosine in vivo that was not seen in males.	Adenosine	75-84	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 4	Mus musculus	7-11
32170814-11	2020	These findings indicate that deletion of slc29a4 leads to sex-specific changes in vascular function with significant consequences for regulation of blood flow and pressure by adenosine and 5-HT.	Adenosine	175-184	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 4	Mus musculus	41-48
31808979-3	2020	Novel chemical compounds were designed and optimized in the adenosine triphosphate-binding site of Hsp90; lead optimized compounds were found to have significant interactions with Asp93 and other amino acids crucial for Hsp90 inhibition.	Adenosine	60-69	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	99-104
31808979-3	2020	Novel chemical compounds were designed and optimized in the adenosine triphosphate-binding site of Hsp90; lead optimized compounds were found to have significant interactions with Asp93 and other amino acids crucial for Hsp90 inhibition.	Adenosine	60-69	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	220-225
32062795-3	2020	METHODS: Platelet surface expression of P-selectin and activated glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), the toll-like receptor (TLR)-1/2 agonist Pam3CSK4, the TLR-4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 agonist SFLLRN, and the PAR-4 agonist AYPGKF were measured by flow cytometry in blood from 80 ticagrelor- and 80 prasugrel-treated ACS patients on day 3 after percutaneous coronary intervention.	Adenosine	107-116	selectin P	Homo sapiens	40-50
32062795-3	2020	METHODS: Platelet surface expression of P-selectin and activated glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), the toll-like receptor (TLR)-1/2 agonist Pam3CSK4, the TLR-4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 agonist SFLLRN, and the PAR-4 agonist AYPGKF were measured by flow cytometry in blood from 80 ticagrelor- and 80 prasugrel-treated ACS patients on day 3 after percutaneous coronary intervention.	Adenosine	107-116	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	191-196
31633292-4	2020	Treatment with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor AZD8055, the phosphorylation level of mTOR and P70S6K reduced and increased levels of p-AMPK meaning that the adenosine-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR/P70S6K pathway is involved in SBA-15 induced autophagy of HT22.	Adenosine	176-185	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Homo sapiens	113-119
31633292-4	2020	Treatment with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor AZD8055, the phosphorylation level of mTOR and P70S6K reduced and increased levels of p-AMPK meaning that the adenosine-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR/P70S6K pathway is involved in SBA-15 induced autophagy of HT22.	Adenosine	176-185	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Homo sapiens	223-229
31915882-2	2020	They have an innate and regulatory immune activity, and they are able to produce immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO) via their ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	99-108	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	143-147
31915882-2	2020	They have an innate and regulatory immune activity, and they are able to produce immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO) via their ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	110-113	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	143-147
31974050-8	2020	Age-dependent enhanced expression of CD39/CD73 was observed in purified Treg prior to infection, suggesting increased baseline adenosine production in old mice.	Adenosine	127-136	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	42-46
31724181-0	2020	Adenosine STEPs on synaptic function: An Editorial for "The activity of the STriatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase in neuronal cells is modulated by adenosine A2A receptor on" doi: 10.1111/jnc.14866.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	157-179
31991805-6	2020	GBM-PLTs expressed higher positivity for P-selectin compared to HD-PLTs, both in basal conditions and after stimulation with adenosine triphosphate (ADP) and thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP).	Adenosine	125-134	selectin P	Homo sapiens	41-51
31614287-8	2020	Transcriptional analyses of ADO-treated cumulus cells revealed that NRP1, RELN, MAN1A1, THRA and GATM were up-regulated.	Adenosine	28-31	neuropilin 1	Bos taurus	68-72
31937253-9	2020	Then, we evaluated the effect of 5-BDBD and SB203580 (a p38-MAPK inhibitors) on the release and synthesis of BDNF in BV2 microglia cells treated with 50 muM adenosine triphosphate (ATP).	Adenosine	157-166	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	109-113
33081927-2	2020	The central role of pathogen and other disease-inducing innate immunity via the action of the cytosine (AID/APOBEC) and adenosine (ADAR) deaminases is reviewed in some depth.	Adenosine	120-129	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	131-135
31619062-1	2020	OBJECTIVE: CD73 is an ectonucleotidase which catalyzes the conversion of AMP (adenosine monophosphate) to adenosine.	Adenosine	78-87	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	11-15
31619062-1	2020	OBJECTIVE: CD73 is an ectonucleotidase which catalyzes the conversion of AMP (adenosine monophosphate) to adenosine.	Adenosine	106-115	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	11-15
31806266-1	2020	N6-(3-Iodobenzyl)adenosine-5"-N-methyluronamide (1a, IB-MECA) exhibited polypharmacological characteristics targeting A3 adenosine receptor (AR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, and PPARdelta, simultaneously.	Adenosine	17-26	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	146-188
31806266-1	2020	N6-(3-Iodobenzyl)adenosine-5"-N-methyluronamide (1a, IB-MECA) exhibited polypharmacological characteristics targeting A3 adenosine receptor (AR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, and PPARdelta, simultaneously.	Adenosine	17-26	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	190-194
31985456-16	2020	CONCLUSION: These results provide pharmacological evidence for a contribution of CD73 enzyme-dependent adenosine generation and signaling through ADORA2BR to IPC-mediated tissue protection.	Adenosine	103-112	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	146-152
31475590-4	2020	The purine [adenosine 5"-tri- and di-phosphatases (ATPase and ADPase), adenosine deaminase (ADA)] nucleotide and acetylcholine hydrolyzing [acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butrylcholinesterase (BChE)] enzymes as well as arginase activities and antioxidant status were assessed.	Adenosine	12-21	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	162-166
31475590-4	2020	The purine [adenosine 5"-tri- and di-phosphatases (ATPase and ADPase), adenosine deaminase (ADA)] nucleotide and acetylcholine hydrolyzing [acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butrylcholinesterase (BChE)] enzymes as well as arginase activities and antioxidant status were assessed.	Adenosine	71-80	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	162-166
31733589-1	2020	Pre-mRNA encoding human NEIL1 undergoes editing by adenosine deaminase ADAR1 that converts a single adenosine to inosine, and this conversion results in an amino acid change of lysine 242 to arginine.	Adenosine	51-60	nei like DNA glycosylase 1	Homo sapiens	24-29
31733589-1	2020	Pre-mRNA encoding human NEIL1 undergoes editing by adenosine deaminase ADAR1 that converts a single adenosine to inosine, and this conversion results in an amino acid change of lysine 242 to arginine.	Adenosine	51-60	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	71-76
31733589-1	2020	Pre-mRNA encoding human NEIL1 undergoes editing by adenosine deaminase ADAR1 that converts a single adenosine to inosine, and this conversion results in an amino acid change of lysine 242 to arginine.	Adenosine	100-109	nei like DNA glycosylase 1	Homo sapiens	24-29
31733589-1	2020	Pre-mRNA encoding human NEIL1 undergoes editing by adenosine deaminase ADAR1 that converts a single adenosine to inosine, and this conversion results in an amino acid change of lysine 242 to arginine.	Adenosine	100-109	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	71-76
31786976-12	2020	Adenosine inhibits P-SMC migration and proliferation via the A2B receptor/cyclic AMP/protein kinase A axis, which reduces cyclin D1 expression and activity via inhibiting Akt phosphorylation and Skp2 expression and upregulating p27kip1 levels.	Adenosine	0-9	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Homo sapiens	228-235
31930120-0	2019	Adenosine Generated by Regulatory T Cells Induces CD8+ T Cell Exhaustion in Gastric Cancer through A2aR Pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	99-103
31930120-1	2019	Background: Adenosine, derived from the degradation of ATP via ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, is a critical immunosuppressive metabolite in the hypoxic microenvironment of tumor tissue.	Adenosine	12-21	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	81-85
31915684-6	2019	Subsequently, the predicted adenosine biosynthesis pathway combined with qPCR and gene expression data of RNA-Seq indicated that the increased adenosine accumulation is a result of down-regulation of ndk, ADK, and APRT genes combined with up-regulation of AK gene.	Adenosine	143-152	cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2	Homo sapiens	200-203
31638299-4	2019	In the present study, the EGF-activation of EGF receptor (EGFR) induced cyclic adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in cumulus cells, and the interruption of CREB functional complex formation by naphthol AS-E phosphate (KG-501) completely blocked the EGF-stimulated expansion-related gene expression.	Adenosine	79-88	epidermal growth factor receptor	Mus musculus	58-62
31638299-4	2019	In the present study, the EGF-activation of EGF receptor (EGFR) induced cyclic adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in cumulus cells, and the interruption of CREB functional complex formation by naphthol AS-E phosphate (KG-501) completely blocked the EGF-stimulated expansion-related gene expression.	Adenosine	79-88	epidermal growth factor	Mus musculus	26-29
31520298-0	2019	The Inhibition of CD39 and CD73 Cell Surface Ectonucleotidases by Small Molecular Inhibitors Enhances the Mobilization of Bone Marrow Residing Stem Cells by Decreasing the Extracellular Level of Adenosine.	Adenosine	195-204	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
31609623-7	2019	In addition, key proteins involved in adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated gluconeogenesis [such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase)] were downregulated in GA-treated T2DM rats.	Adenosine	38-47	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-202
31609623-7	2019	In addition, key proteins involved in adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated gluconeogenesis [such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase)] were downregulated in GA-treated T2DM rats.	Adenosine	38-47	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	204-210
31533918-3	2019	Here we demonstrate that conditioning regimen-induced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release is a primary driver of MDSC dysfunction through ATP receptor (P2x7R) engagement and NLR pyrin family domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation.	Adenosine	54-63	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	202-207
31567350-15	2019	Intratracheal replenishment of adenosine triphosphate in Trpv4 mice abrogated the protective effect of TRPV4 deficiency.	Adenosine	31-40	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4	Mus musculus	57-62
31567350-15	2019	Intratracheal replenishment of adenosine triphosphate in Trpv4 mice abrogated the protective effect of TRPV4 deficiency.	Adenosine	31-40	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4	Mus musculus	103-108
31614517-2	2019	Observation made in our previous work indicated the importance of the carbonyl group of amide in the indolylpyrimidylpiperazine (IPP) for its human A2A adenosine receptor (hA2AAR) subtype binding selectivity over the other AR subtypes.	Adenosine	152-161	IAP promoted placental gene	Mus musculus	129-132
31451581-2	2019	Here, we demonstrate that TRPM3 channels are also inhibited by Gbetagamma released from Galphas and Galphaq Activation of the Gs-coupled adenosine 2B receptor and the Gq-coupled muscarinic acetylcholine M1 receptor inhibited the activity of TRPM3 heterologously expressed in HEK293 cells.	Adenosine	137-146	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 3	Homo sapiens	26-31
31451581-2	2019	Here, we demonstrate that TRPM3 channels are also inhibited by Gbetagamma released from Galphas and Galphaq Activation of the Gs-coupled adenosine 2B receptor and the Gq-coupled muscarinic acetylcholine M1 receptor inhibited the activity of TRPM3 heterologously expressed in HEK293 cells.	Adenosine	137-146	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 3	Homo sapiens	241-246
31479688-6	2019	The breakdown of ATP through the CD39/CD73 axis produces adenosine, which mostly inhibits the inflammatory process through activation of specific P1 receptors.	Adenosine	57-66	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	33-37
31265905-5	2019	S-adenosyl-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) catalyzes AdoHcy hydrolysis to adenosine and homocysteine, alleviating AdoHcy inhibition of JHAMT.	Adenosine	72-81	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	0-33
31144362-0	2019	LncRNA MEG3 contributes to adenosine-induced cytotoxicity in hepatoma HepG2 cells by downregulated ILF3 and autophagy inhibition via regulation PI3K-AKT-mTOR and beclin-1 signaling pathway.	Adenosine	27-36	maternally expressed 3	Homo sapiens	7-11
31144362-0	2019	LncRNA MEG3 contributes to adenosine-induced cytotoxicity in hepatoma HepG2 cells by downregulated ILF3 and autophagy inhibition via regulation PI3K-AKT-mTOR and beclin-1 signaling pathway.	Adenosine	27-36	interleukin enhancer binding factor 3	Homo sapiens	99-103
31144362-1	2019	Adenosine is a promising cytotoxic reagent for tumors, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) has been indicated to play critical roles in tumorigenesis, ILF3 has been recognized as a MEG3-binding protein, however, the roles of adenosine and MEG3 on hepatoma are still ambiguous.	Adenosine	0-9	maternally expressed 3	Homo sapiens	83-110
31144362-1	2019	Adenosine is a promising cytotoxic reagent for tumors, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) has been indicated to play critical roles in tumorigenesis, ILF3 has been recognized as a MEG3-binding protein, however, the roles of adenosine and MEG3 on hepatoma are still ambiguous.	Adenosine	0-9	maternally expressed 3	Homo sapiens	112-116
31144362-1	2019	Adenosine is a promising cytotoxic reagent for tumors, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) has been indicated to play critical roles in tumorigenesis, ILF3 has been recognized as a MEG3-binding protein, however, the roles of adenosine and MEG3 on hepatoma are still ambiguous.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin enhancer binding factor 3	Homo sapiens	178-182
31144362-1	2019	Adenosine is a promising cytotoxic reagent for tumors, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) has been indicated to play critical roles in tumorigenesis, ILF3 has been recognized as a MEG3-binding protein, however, the roles of adenosine and MEG3 on hepatoma are still ambiguous.	Adenosine	252-261	maternally expressed 3	Homo sapiens	83-110
31144362-1	2019	Adenosine is a promising cytotoxic reagent for tumors, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) has been indicated to play critical roles in tumorigenesis, ILF3 has been recognized as a MEG3-binding protein, however, the roles of adenosine and MEG3 on hepatoma are still ambiguous.	Adenosine	252-261	maternally expressed 3	Homo sapiens	112-116
31144362-1	2019	Adenosine is a promising cytotoxic reagent for tumors, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) has been indicated to play critical roles in tumorigenesis, ILF3 has been recognized as a MEG3-binding protein, however, the roles of adenosine and MEG3 on hepatoma are still ambiguous.	Adenosine	252-261	interleukin enhancer binding factor 3	Homo sapiens	178-182
31144362-2	2019	To clarify the effects of MEG3 on the adenosine-induced cytotoxicity in hepatoma, MEG3 and ILF3 lentivirus were transduced into human hepatoma HepG2 cells to stimulate overexpression of MEG3 (OE MEG3) and overexpression of ILF3 (OE ILF3), furthermore, ILF3 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was also applied to downregulate the expression of ILF3.	Adenosine	38-47	maternally expressed 3	Homo sapiens	26-30
31547885-3	2019	Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) editors, members of the ADAR and ADAT protein families are important regulators of alternative splicing and transcriptional control.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	54-58
30664812-0	2019	Tumor CD73/A2aR adenosine immunosuppressive axis and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: correlations with clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcome.	Adenosine	16-25	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	11-15
31559390-1	2019	In the striatum, adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) are mainly expressed within the soma and dendrites of the striatopallidal neuron.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	42-46
31559390-4	2019	By means of reciprocal antagonistic allosteric interactions and antagonistic interactions at the effector level between adenosine and dopamine, the A2AR-D2R heterotetramer-AC5 complex acts an integrative molecular device, which determines a switch between the adenosine-facilitated activation and the dopamine-facilitated inhibition of the striatopallidal neuron.	Adenosine	120-129	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	148-152
31559390-4	2019	By means of reciprocal antagonistic allosteric interactions and antagonistic interactions at the effector level between adenosine and dopamine, the A2AR-D2R heterotetramer-AC5 complex acts an integrative molecular device, which determines a switch between the adenosine-facilitated activation and the dopamine-facilitated inhibition of the striatopallidal neuron.	Adenosine	260-269	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	148-152
31559390-6	2019	This control is mediated by adenosine A1 receptors (A1R) and A2AR, which establish intermolecular interactions forming A1R-A2AR heterotetramers.	Adenosine	28-37	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	123-127
31559391-6	2019	We review compelling evidence from humans and animal models that implicate adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) upsurge as a crucial mediator of age-related synaptic dysfunction.	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	100-104
31339445-8	2019	Our results indicate that adenosine promotes GC cell invasion and metastasis by interacting with A2aR to enhance PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway signaling.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	97-101
31409424-3	2019	One, rapid immunosuppressive function of MSCs is through ectoenzyme expression of CD73 and CD39 which cooperatively hydrolyze inflammatory, extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to anti-inflammatory adenosine.	Adenosine	154-163	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	91-95
30733317-2	2019	P2X7 receptor activation leads to the release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta in the brain, and antagonism of the P2X7 receptor is a novel therapeutic strategy to dampen adenosine triphosphate-dependent IL-1beta signaling.	Adenosine	179-188	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	78-86
31370143-1	2019	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is the first enzyme in the adenosine remediation pathway that catalyzes adenosine phosphorylation into adenosine monophosphate, thus regulating adenosine homeostasis in cells.	Adenosine	50-59	adenosine kinase	Bombyx mori	0-16
31370143-1	2019	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is the first enzyme in the adenosine remediation pathway that catalyzes adenosine phosphorylation into adenosine monophosphate, thus regulating adenosine homeostasis in cells.	Adenosine	50-59	adenosine kinase	Bombyx mori	18-21
31370143-1	2019	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is the first enzyme in the adenosine remediation pathway that catalyzes adenosine phosphorylation into adenosine monophosphate, thus regulating adenosine homeostasis in cells.	Adenosine	95-104	adenosine kinase	Bombyx mori	0-16
31370143-1	2019	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is the first enzyme in the adenosine remediation pathway that catalyzes adenosine phosphorylation into adenosine monophosphate, thus regulating adenosine homeostasis in cells.	Adenosine	95-104	adenosine kinase	Bombyx mori	18-21
31370143-1	2019	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is the first enzyme in the adenosine remediation pathway that catalyzes adenosine phosphorylation into adenosine monophosphate, thus regulating adenosine homeostasis in cells.	Adenosine	95-104	adenosine kinase	Bombyx mori	0-16
31370143-1	2019	Adenosine kinase (ADK) is the first enzyme in the adenosine remediation pathway that catalyzes adenosine phosphorylation into adenosine monophosphate, thus regulating adenosine homeostasis in cells.	Adenosine	95-104	adenosine kinase	Bombyx mori	18-21
31404305-2	2019	The concerted action of ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 plays a major role in the local production of anti-inflammatory adenosine, but both ectonucleotidases are rarely co-expressed by human T cells.	Adenosine	120-129	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	42-46
31303492-3	2019	PDE11A4, which degrades cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), is preferentially expressed in neurons of CA1, the subiculum, and the adjacently connected amygdalohippocampal region.	Adenosine	31-40	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	147-150
31379836-5	2019	It is then metabolized to adenosine monophosphate (AMP) via ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39) and further hydrolyzed to adenosine via ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	26-35	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	60-108
31379836-5	2019	It is then metabolized to adenosine monophosphate (AMP) via ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39) and further hydrolyzed to adenosine via ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	26-35	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	110-114
31106359-4	2019	We show that Uls1, an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent chromatin remodelling (Snf2) enzyme, can alter Top2 chromatin binding and prevent Top2 poisoning in yeast.	Adenosine	22-31	translocase ULS1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	13-17
30945270-6	2019	Further analyses of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and adenosine triphosphate production showed significant abnormalities under an ARL2-mutant condition.	Adenosine	60-69	ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 2	Homo sapiens	136-140
30850237-3	2019	Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that affects both coronary and limb artery blood flow, mostly via the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	108-130
30850237-3	2019	Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that affects both coronary and limb artery blood flow, mostly via the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	132-136
31212640-5	2019	In this study, we investigated the possibility that adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) participate in HMGCR-mediated inhibition of PCV2 infection and the interaction of porcine HMGCR with PCV2 proteins.	Adenosine	52-61	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Homo sapiens	166-171
31104843-4	2019	The cryo-EM structure of Pan2-Pan3 in complex with a poly(A) RNP composed of 90 adenosines and three Pab1 protomers shows how the oligomerization interfaces of Pab1 are recognized by conserved features of the deadenylase and thread the poly(A) RNA substrate into the nuclease active site.	Adenosine	80-90	poly(A) specific ribonuclease subunit PAN2	Homo sapiens	25-29
31104843-4	2019	The cryo-EM structure of Pan2-Pan3 in complex with a poly(A) RNP composed of 90 adenosines and three Pab1 protomers shows how the oligomerization interfaces of Pab1 are recognized by conserved features of the deadenylase and thread the poly(A) RNA substrate into the nuclease active site.	Adenosine	80-90	poly(A) specific ribonuclease subunit PAN3	Homo sapiens	30-34
30926752-2	2019	The extracellular adenosine-generating enzyme CD73 is involved in many cellular functions that can be usurped by tumors, including cell adhesion, proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis.	Adenosine	18-27	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	46-50
30926752-14	2019	CD73-generated adenosine has been implicated in cancer pathogenesis, but its role in GB was not ascertained.	Adenosine	15-24	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
31178828-2	2019	Here, I review findings from mouse studies on the direct modulation of GnRH neuron activity and GnRH secretion by non-peptide neurotransmitters (GABA, glutamate, dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, histamine, ATP, adenosine, and acetylcholine), gasotransmitters (nitric oxide and carbon monoxide), and gliotransmitters (prostaglandin E2 and possibly GABA, glutamate, and ATP).	Adenosine	228-237	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Mus musculus	71-75
31178828-2	2019	Here, I review findings from mouse studies on the direct modulation of GnRH neuron activity and GnRH secretion by non-peptide neurotransmitters (GABA, glutamate, dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, histamine, ATP, adenosine, and acetylcholine), gasotransmitters (nitric oxide and carbon monoxide), and gliotransmitters (prostaglandin E2 and possibly GABA, glutamate, and ATP).	Adenosine	228-237	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Mus musculus	96-100
30773021-3	2019	METHODS: Apolipoprotein E-deficient ( apoE-/-) mice received dietary supplementation with the SAH hydrolase (SAHH) inhibitor adenosine dialdehyde or were intravenously injected with a retrovirus expressing SAHH shRNA.	Adenosine	125-134	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase	Mus musculus	94-107
30773021-3	2019	METHODS: Apolipoprotein E-deficient ( apoE-/-) mice received dietary supplementation with the SAH hydrolase (SAHH) inhibitor adenosine dialdehyde or were intravenously injected with a retrovirus expressing SAHH shRNA.	Adenosine	125-134	S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase	Mus musculus	109-113
30983357-6	2019	In hCMEC/D3 cells, amino acid transporters SNAT1, SNAT2, SNAT5, ASCT1, CAT1, and LAT1; adenosine 5"-triphosphate-binding cassette transporters P-gp and MRP4; and GLUT1 were more highly expressed.	Adenosine	87-96	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	143-147
30249343-8	2019	While the increased expression of A2AR-allows activated gammadelta T cells to bind adenosine more effectively than other immune cells, the decreased CD73 restricts their ability to convert AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	196-205	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	149-153
30948460-1	2019	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR)-catalyzed adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing is potentially dysregulated in neoplastic progression.	Adenosine	51-60	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-33
30948460-1	2019	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR)-catalyzed adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing is potentially dysregulated in neoplastic progression.	Adenosine	51-60	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	35-39
31140226-3	2019	The downstream anti-inflammatory effects of adenosine are mediated via its binding to adenosine receptor 2A (ADORA2A) and 3 (ADORA3).	Adenosine	44-53	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	109-123
30962630-5	2019	Finally, AHR drives the expression of the ectonucleotidase CD39 in TAMs, which promotes CD8+ T cell dysfunction by producing adenosine in cooperation with CD73.	Adenosine	125-134	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	59-63
31039163-1	2019	Adenosine (A) to inosine (I) RNA editing is a hydrolytic deamination reaction catalyzed by the adenosine deaminase (ADAR) enzyme acting on double-stranded RNA.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	116-120
31413909-10	2019	Finally, we observed that Adora2a, Nt5e and Entpd1 gene expression positively correlated with Lyve1, Pdpn and Vegfc in several human cancers, thereby supporting the notion that adenosine production and A2a receptor activation might promote lymphangiogenesis in human tumors.	Adenosine	177-186	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	26-33
31413909-10	2019	Finally, we observed that Adora2a, Nt5e and Entpd1 gene expression positively correlated with Lyve1, Pdpn and Vegfc in several human cancers, thereby supporting the notion that adenosine production and A2a receptor activation might promote lymphangiogenesis in human tumors.	Adenosine	177-186	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	44-50
31413909-10	2019	Finally, we observed that Adora2a, Nt5e and Entpd1 gene expression positively correlated with Lyve1, Pdpn and Vegfc in several human cancers, thereby supporting the notion that adenosine production and A2a receptor activation might promote lymphangiogenesis in human tumors.	Adenosine	177-186	lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1	Homo sapiens	94-99
31068926-14	2019	Along with the ability to deplete CD38+ malignant plasma cell populations which has led to their widespread therapeutic use, anti-CD38 antibodies are involved in the polarization and release of microvesicles characterized by the expression of multiple adenosine-producing molecules.	Adenosine	252-261	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	130-134
30940903-3	2019	In this work, we explored such an allosteric modulation by performing extensive molecular dynamics simulations on the adenosine A2 receptor (A2AR) coupled to the Mini-Gs protein.	Adenosine	118-127	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	141-145
31604539-4	2019	In this review, we summarize past and recent research on the ecto-nucleotidases CD39 and CD73, conducted by our group and others, that recently lead to the development and clinical testing of adenosine targeting agents for cancer immunotherapy.	Adenosine	192-201	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	80-84
30921588-1	2019	X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a neuro-metabolic disorder that is caused by malfunction of a peroxisomal transporter protein, adenosine ATP-binding cassette transporter superfamily D member 1 (ABCD1).	Adenosine	136-145	ATP binding cassette subfamily D member 1	Homo sapiens	203-208
30957676-3	2019	However, besides immune checkpoints, other mechanisms including the adenosine produced by ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 contribute to the melanoma progression due to the immunosuppression induced by the tumour milieu.	Adenosine	68-77	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	108-112
30957676-5	2019	Here, we review the major mechanisms of immune escape activated by the CD39/CD73/adenosine pathway in melanoma and focus potential therapeutic strategies based on the control of CD39/CD73 downstream adenosine receptor signalling.	Adenosine	81-90	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	71-75
30922349-8	2019	CONCLUSION: Our results reveal that accumulation of extracellular ADO promotes the process of the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition via A2BAR/TGF-beta1/Fstl1 signaling in MWCNT-induced lung fibrosis.	Adenosine	66-69	follistatin-like 1	Mus musculus	157-162
30770248-2	2019	Here, we showed that CD19+ extracellular vesicles (EVs) from B cells through CD39 and CD73 vesicle-incorporated proteins hydrolyzed ATP from chemotherapy-treated tumor cells into adenosine, thus impairing CD8+ T cell responses.	Adenosine	179-188	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	77-81
30391332-1	2019	Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) convert adenosine to inosine in dsRNA.	Adenosine	51-60	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA	Drosophila melanogaster	0-34
30393085-1	2019	Dendritic cells (DCs) express the ecto-5"-nucleotidase CD73 that generates immunosuppressive adenosine (Ado) by dephosphorylation of extracellular Ado monophosphate and diphosphate.	Adenosine	93-102	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	34-54
30393085-1	2019	Dendritic cells (DCs) express the ecto-5"-nucleotidase CD73 that generates immunosuppressive adenosine (Ado) by dephosphorylation of extracellular Ado monophosphate and diphosphate.	Adenosine	104-107	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	34-54
30393085-1	2019	Dendritic cells (DCs) express the ecto-5"-nucleotidase CD73 that generates immunosuppressive adenosine (Ado) by dephosphorylation of extracellular Ado monophosphate and diphosphate.	Adenosine	147-150	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	34-54
30393085-7	2019	Similarly, in vitro we observed that Ado-producing WT DCs, but not CD73-/- DCs, rendered transgenic T cells from OTII mice (OTII T cells) hyporeactive, decreased their T-cell costimulatory signaling, and induced up-regulation of EGR2 and NDRG1.	Adenosine	37-40	early growth response 2	Mus musculus	229-233
31069133-3	2019	Our working hypothesis is that adenosine (ADO), an immunosuppressive molecule along with the ectoenzymatic pathways (CD39-CD73 and CD38-CD203a/PC-1-CD73) controlling its production, are involved in the dynamics of NB cells in the BM.	Adenosine	31-40	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	117-121
31069133-3	2019	Our working hypothesis is that adenosine (ADO), an immunosuppressive molecule along with the ectoenzymatic pathways (CD39-CD73 and CD38-CD203a/PC-1-CD73) controlling its production, are involved in the dynamics of NB cells in the BM.	Adenosine	31-40	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	131-135
31069133-3	2019	Our working hypothesis is that adenosine (ADO), an immunosuppressive molecule along with the ectoenzymatic pathways (CD39-CD73 and CD38-CD203a/PC-1-CD73) controlling its production, are involved in the dynamics of NB cells in the BM.	Adenosine	31-40	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting	Homo sapiens	143-152
31069133-3	2019	Our working hypothesis is that adenosine (ADO), an immunosuppressive molecule along with the ectoenzymatic pathways (CD39-CD73 and CD38-CD203a/PC-1-CD73) controlling its production, are involved in the dynamics of NB cells in the BM.	Adenosine	42-45	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	117-121
31069133-3	2019	Our working hypothesis is that adenosine (ADO), an immunosuppressive molecule along with the ectoenzymatic pathways (CD39-CD73 and CD38-CD203a/PC-1-CD73) controlling its production, are involved in the dynamics of NB cells in the BM.	Adenosine	42-45	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	131-135
31069133-3	2019	Our working hypothesis is that adenosine (ADO), an immunosuppressive molecule along with the ectoenzymatic pathways (CD39-CD73 and CD38-CD203a/PC-1-CD73) controlling its production, are involved in the dynamics of NB cells in the BM.	Adenosine	42-45	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting	Homo sapiens	143-152
30587530-4	2019	The results obtained indicate that hAEC constitutively express a unique combination of functional ectoenzymes, driving the production of adenosine (ADO) via canonical (CD39, CD73) and alternative (CD38, CD203a/PC-1, CD73) pathways.	Adenosine	137-146	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	168-172
30587530-4	2019	The results obtained indicate that hAEC constitutively express a unique combination of functional ectoenzymes, driving the production of adenosine (ADO) via canonical (CD39, CD73) and alternative (CD38, CD203a/PC-1, CD73) pathways.	Adenosine	137-146	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	197-201
30587530-4	2019	The results obtained indicate that hAEC constitutively express a unique combination of functional ectoenzymes, driving the production of adenosine (ADO) via canonical (CD39, CD73) and alternative (CD38, CD203a/PC-1, CD73) pathways.	Adenosine	137-146	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting	Homo sapiens	210-214
30587530-4	2019	The results obtained indicate that hAEC constitutively express a unique combination of functional ectoenzymes, driving the production of adenosine (ADO) via canonical (CD39, CD73) and alternative (CD38, CD203a/PC-1, CD73) pathways.	Adenosine	148-151	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	168-172
30587530-4	2019	The results obtained indicate that hAEC constitutively express a unique combination of functional ectoenzymes, driving the production of adenosine (ADO) via canonical (CD39, CD73) and alternative (CD38, CD203a/PC-1, CD73) pathways.	Adenosine	148-151	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	197-201
30587530-4	2019	The results obtained indicate that hAEC constitutively express a unique combination of functional ectoenzymes, driving the production of adenosine (ADO) via canonical (CD39, CD73) and alternative (CD38, CD203a/PC-1, CD73) pathways.	Adenosine	148-151	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting	Homo sapiens	210-214
30862176-7	2019	Immunohistochemical analysis performed in brains of these mice, revealed that adenosine kinase (ADK), an enzyme that regulates extracellular levels of adenosine, was increased only in seized GFAP-Cre:Panx1f/f mice.	Adenosine	78-87	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Mus musculus	191-195
30862176-9	2019	Together, these data suggest that the worsening of seizures seen in mice lacking astrocyte Panx1 is likely related to low levels of extracellular adenosine due to the increased ADK levels in astrocytes.	Adenosine	146-155	pannexin 1	Mus musculus	91-96
31001959-1	2019	BACKGROUND/AIMS: The extracellular ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) is involved in the production of immunosuppressive adenosin (Ado), which can influence different immune cells through the specific adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	114-122	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	35-55
31001959-1	2019	BACKGROUND/AIMS: The extracellular ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) is involved in the production of immunosuppressive adenosin (Ado), which can influence different immune cells through the specific adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	114-122	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	57-61
31001959-1	2019	BACKGROUND/AIMS: The extracellular ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) is involved in the production of immunosuppressive adenosin (Ado), which can influence different immune cells through the specific adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	124-127	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	35-55
31001959-1	2019	BACKGROUND/AIMS: The extracellular ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) is involved in the production of immunosuppressive adenosin (Ado), which can influence different immune cells through the specific adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	124-127	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	57-61
30426900-1	2019	INTRODUCTION: Members of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) family of enzymes consist of double-stranded RNA-binding domains (dsRBDs) and a deaminase domain (DD) that converts adenosine (A) into inosine (I), which acts as guanosine (G) during translation.	Adenosine	29-38	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	64-68
30365112-5	2019	In addition, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of tau, p-tau, orexin A and orexin neurons express adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) were markedly upregulated in the brain tissue of AD mice compared with that in samples obtained from control mice.	Adenosine	187-196	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	139-142
30365112-5	2019	In addition, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of tau, p-tau, orexin A and orexin neurons express adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) were markedly upregulated in the brain tissue of AD mice compared with that in samples obtained from control mice.	Adenosine	187-196	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	146-149
30365112-7	2019	In addition, the tau inhibitor TRx 0237 significantly reversed the promoting effects of Abeta25-35 on tau, p-tau, orexin A and adenosine A1R expression levels, and adenosine A1R or orexin A knockdown also inhibited tau and p-tau expression levels mediated by Abeta25-35 in AD.	Adenosine	127-136	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	17-20
30365112-7	2019	In addition, the tau inhibitor TRx 0237 significantly reversed the promoting effects of Abeta25-35 on tau, p-tau, orexin A and adenosine A1R expression levels, and adenosine A1R or orexin A knockdown also inhibited tau and p-tau expression levels mediated by Abeta25-35 in AD.	Adenosine	164-173	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	17-20
30336179-9	2019	These results suggest that adenosine positively regulates PKA in D2R-MSNs through A2AR, while this effect is blocked by basal dopamine in vivo.	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	82-86
30078088-11	2018	Mechanistically, adenosine increased pAMPK and reduced pS6K which was prevented by dipyridamole.	Adenosine	17-26	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Homo sapiens	55-59
30496178-3	2018	ADAR1 binds double-stranded RNA and converts adenosine to inosine by deamination.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-5
30385548-3	2018	Here, we found that pathologic alpha-syn activates poly(adenosine 5"-diphosphate-ribose) (PAR) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), and PAR generation accelerates the formation of pathologic alpha-syn, resulting in cell death via parthanatos.	Adenosine	56-65	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	31-40
29953637-9	2018	Upregulation of lncRNA uc.322 expression increases the insulin transcription factors pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 and Forkhead box O1 expression, promotes insulin secretion in the extracellular fluid of Min6 cells, and increases the adenosine triphosphate concentration.	Adenosine	239-248	forkhead box O1	Mus musculus	124-139
30280258-2	2018	The presence of adenosine triggers the deformation of hairpin DNA oligonucleotide (HP1) containing adenosine aptamer and then hybridizes another unlabeled hairpin DNA oligonucleotide (HP2).	Adenosine	16-25	chromobox 5	Homo sapiens	83-86
30280258-2	2018	The presence of adenosine triggers the deformation of hairpin DNA oligonucleotide (HP1) containing adenosine aptamer and then hybridizes another unlabeled hairpin DNA oligonucleotide (HP2).	Adenosine	99-108	chromobox 5	Homo sapiens	83-86
30232037-3	2018	Suppression of adenosine signaling by inhibiting adenosine receptors or adenosine-generating enzymes (CD39 and CD73) on melanoma cells presents a novel therapeutic target for patients with melanoma.	Adenosine	15-24	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	102-106
30228286-5	2018	Here, we show that reduced AHCY activity causes adenosine depletion with activation of the DNA damage response (DDR), leading to cell cycle arrest, a decreased proliferation rate and DNA damage.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	27-31
30012853-3	2018	In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that CD38 inhibits CD8+ T-cell function via adenosine receptor signaling and that CD38 or adenosine receptor blockade are effective strategies to overcome the resistance.	Adenosine	85-94	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	46-50
30181171-1	2018	Overexpression of CD38 after PD-1/PD-L1 blockade increases extracellular adenosine levels and may contribute to acquired resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.	Adenosine	73-82	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	18-22
30181171-1	2018	Overexpression of CD38 after PD-1/PD-L1 blockade increases extracellular adenosine levels and may contribute to acquired resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.	Adenosine	73-82	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	34-39
29725032-4	2018	Furthermore, after its release into the extracellular space, ATP is processed by ectonucleotidases: CD39 converts ATP to AMP, and CD73 converts AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	151-160	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	130-134
29725032-5	2018	We observed that CD73-deficient mice mobilize more HSPCs than do wild-type mice due to a decrease in adenosine concentration in the extracellular space, indicating a negative role for adenosine in the mobilization process.	Adenosine	101-110	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	17-21
29725032-5	2018	We observed that CD73-deficient mice mobilize more HSPCs than do wild-type mice due to a decrease in adenosine concentration in the extracellular space, indicating a negative role for adenosine in the mobilization process.	Adenosine	184-193	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	17-21
30197321-2	2018	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) is a key protein for A-to-I editing, which converts the adenosine group of a double-stranded RNA to creatinine group by deaminating it, resulting in a change of nucleotide sequence.	Adenosine	97-106	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-33
30097462-2	2018	Here we report that the activity of soluble CD73, an ectonucleotidase producing extracellular adenosine, was significantly elevated in a murine model of SCD and correlated with increased plasma adenosine.	Adenosine	94-103	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	44-48
30097462-2	2018	Here we report that the activity of soluble CD73, an ectonucleotidase producing extracellular adenosine, was significantly elevated in a murine model of SCD and correlated with increased plasma adenosine.	Adenosine	194-203	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	44-48
30097462-3	2018	Mouse genetic studies demonstrated that CD73 activity contributes to excessive induction of plasma adenosine and thereby promotes sickling, hemolysis, multiorgan damage, and disease progression.	Adenosine	99-108	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	40-44
29168172-10	2018	Furthermore, silencing of Rac1 specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), Vav2 and Rap1a expression significantly attenuated adenosine-induced increases in TER and activation of Rac1.	Adenosine	135-144	vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	84-88
29168172-10	2018	Furthermore, silencing of Rac1 specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), Vav2 and Rap1a expression significantly attenuated adenosine-induced increases in TER and activation of Rac1.	Adenosine	135-144	RAP1A, member of RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	93-98
29168172-12	2018	Together these data strongly suggest that Rac1 activity is required for adenosine-induced EC barrier enhancement and that the activation of Rac1 and ability to strengthen the EC barrier depends, at least in part, on cAMP-dependent Epac1/Vav2/Rap1-mediated signaling.	Adenosine	72-81	vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	237-241
29168172-12	2018	Together these data strongly suggest that Rac1 activity is required for adenosine-induced EC barrier enhancement and that the activation of Rac1 and ability to strengthen the EC barrier depends, at least in part, on cAMP-dependent Epac1/Vav2/Rap1-mediated signaling.	Adenosine	72-81	RAP1A, member of RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	242-246
30013039-5	2018	TRIBE expresses a fusion protein consisting of a queried RBP and the catalytic domain of the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) (ADARcd), which marks target RNA transcripts by converting adenosine to inosine near the RBP binding sites.	Adenosine	118-127	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA	Drosophila melanogaster	112-116
29559470-1	2018	The production of CD73-derived adenosine (Ado) by Tregs has been proposed as a resistance mechanism to anti-PD-1 therapy in murine tumor models.	Adenosine	31-40	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	18-22
29559470-1	2018	The production of CD73-derived adenosine (Ado) by Tregs has been proposed as a resistance mechanism to anti-PD-1 therapy in murine tumor models.	Adenosine	42-45	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	18-22
29426578-2	2018	Methotrexate (MTX) remains the first-line therapy for RA and its anti-inflammatory effect is associated with the maintenance of high levels of extracellular adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	157-166	metaxin 1	Homo sapiens	14-17
29426578-2	2018	Methotrexate (MTX) remains the first-line therapy for RA and its anti-inflammatory effect is associated with the maintenance of high levels of extracellular adenosine (ADO).	Adenosine	168-171	metaxin 1	Homo sapiens	14-17
29436006-6	2018	At 15 and 20 mM K+ , endogenous ATP/ADP and adenosine bind to inhibitory P2Y13 and A1 and A3 receptors since AR-C69931MX, DPCPX, and MRS-1191 increased MEPP frequency.	Adenosine	44-53	purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 13	Mus musculus	73-78
29332180-2	2018	Extracellular ATP is sequentially hydrolyzed to ADP and AMP by the actions of defined nucleotidases, such as CD39, and AMP is converted to adenosine, largely by CD73, an ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	139-148	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	161-165
29332180-2	2018	Extracellular ATP is sequentially hydrolyzed to ADP and AMP by the actions of defined nucleotidases, such as CD39, and AMP is converted to adenosine, largely by CD73, an ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	139-148	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	170-190
29742141-1	2018	The ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73 degrade extracellular ATP to adenosine.	Adenosine	59-68	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	16-20
29514048-4	2018	Exposure of HUVEC and VVEC to 1% O2 for 4-24 h triggered rather moderate activation of ATP breakdown into adenosine via the CD39-CD73 axis.	Adenosine	106-115	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	124-128
29732147-0	2018	Adenosine decreases oxidative stress and protects H2O2-treated neural stem cells against apoptosis through decreasing Mst1 expression.	Adenosine	0-9	macrophage stimulating 1	Homo sapiens	118-122
29732147-7	2018	Subsequent assays using this dosage indicated that apoptosis rate and Mst1 expression in B-dNSCs pretreated with 6 microM adenosine were significantly decreased compared with the control group.	Adenosine	122-131	macrophage stimulating 1	Homo sapiens	70-74
29780382-4	2018	We find the latter to be caused by the purinergic pathway that directs release of extracellular ATP and its conversion to immunosuppressive adenosine by co-expressed CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	140-149	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	175-179
29659627-1	2018	Methylation at the N6 position of adenosine (m6A) is a highly prevalent and reversible modification within eukaryotic mRNAs that has been linked to many stages of RNA processing and fate.	Adenosine	34-43	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	45-48
29654194-3	2018	The presence of spare adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR)-characterized by a high dissociation constant/half maximal effective concentration (KD/EC50) ratio-expressed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) has been associated with ischemia during exercise stress testing in patients with CAD.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	47-51
29540553-2	2018	The nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide-dependent class-III protein deacetylase SIRT1 is one of the major enzymes involved in removal of acetyl groups from tau in vitro However, whether SIRT1 regulates acetylation of pathogenic tau and ameliorates tau-mediated pathogenesis remains unclear.	Adenosine	17-26	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	80-85
29540553-2	2018	The nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide-dependent class-III protein deacetylase SIRT1 is one of the major enzymes involved in removal of acetyl groups from tau in vitro However, whether SIRT1 regulates acetylation of pathogenic tau and ameliorates tau-mediated pathogenesis remains unclear.	Adenosine	17-26	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	186-191
29172836-1	2018	INTRODUCTION: CD39 is the rate-limiting enzyme in the generation of immunosuppressive adenosine and its expression and activity are significant in tumor progression.	Adenosine	86-95	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
29636685-3	2018	While ATP mediates pro-inflammatory signals via P2X7 and other P2 receptors, adenosine triggers anti-inflammatory signaling via the adenosine 2a receptor (Adora2a) and other P1 receptors.	Adenosine	77-86	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	155-162
29636685-5	2018	NAD+ is converted by CD38, CD203 and other ecto-enzymes to the Ca2+ mobilizing messengers cyclic ADP-ribose and ADP-ribose, and to adenosine.	Adenosine	131-140	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	21-25
29047106-3	2018	The relationship between CD73 and AKT/GSK-3beta/beta-catenin pathway was assessed with adenosine, adenosine 2A receptor antagonist (SCH-58261), adenosine 2A receptor agonist (NECA), CD73 enzyme inhibitor (APCP) and Akt inhibitor (MK-2206).	Adenosine	87-96	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	48-60
29087477-8	2018	In ESI-MS measurements of the solutions containing adenosine, cytidine, thymidine and guanosine, we observed protonated cytidine-guanosine dimer (CH+-G) and protonated cytidine-thymidine dimer (CH+-T) in addition to hemiprotonated cytidine-cytidine dimer (CH+-C) with following relative peak height, (CH+-C) &gt; (CH+-G)   (CH+-T) &gt; (CH+-A).	Adenosine	51-60	clathrin heavy chain	Homo sapiens	256-261
29087477-8	2018	In ESI-MS measurements of the solutions containing adenosine, cytidine, thymidine and guanosine, we observed protonated cytidine-guanosine dimer (CH+-G) and protonated cytidine-thymidine dimer (CH+-T) in addition to hemiprotonated cytidine-cytidine dimer (CH+-C) with following relative peak height, (CH+-C) &gt; (CH+-G)   (CH+-T) &gt; (CH+-A).	Adenosine	51-60	clathrin heavy chain	Homo sapiens	301-306
29087477-8	2018	In ESI-MS measurements of the solutions containing adenosine, cytidine, thymidine and guanosine, we observed protonated cytidine-guanosine dimer (CH+-G) and protonated cytidine-thymidine dimer (CH+-T) in addition to hemiprotonated cytidine-cytidine dimer (CH+-C) with following relative peak height, (CH+-C) &gt; (CH+-G)   (CH+-T) &gt; (CH+-A).	Adenosine	51-60	transcription factor like 5	Homo sapiens	337-342
28233320-4	2018	Two cell surface expressed molecules including CD73 and CD39 catalyze the generation of adenosine from adenosine triphosphate (ATP).	Adenosine	88-97	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	56-60
29336194-1	2018	CD73/Ecto-5"-nucleotidase is a membrane-tethered ecto-enzyme that works in tandem with CD39 to convert extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into adenosine.	Adenosine	117-126	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	87-91
29482581-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent chromatin remodeling SWI/SNF-like BAF and PBAF complexes have been implicated in the regulation of stem cell function and cancers.	Adenosine	12-21	b-associated fitness	Mus musculus	85-88
29495349-8	2018	Additionally, the neuroprotective mechanisms of caffeine and theaflavins may contribute to the ability to antagonize the adenosine receptor A2AR and the antioxidant properties, respectively.	Adenosine	121-130	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	140-144
29395325-2	2018	Mutations in ADAR1, an adenosine-to-inosine editing enzyme of dsRNA, cause Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome, an autoinflammatory disorder associated with spontaneous interferon production and neurologic sequelae.	Adenosine	23-32	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	13-18
29280160-2	2018	The most common RNA editing type in humans is adenosine (A) to inosine (I) editing, which is mediated by ADAR enzymes.	Adenosine	46-55	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	105-109
29273356-4	2018	ADAR edits millions of adenosines to inosines within the transcriptome, and while previous studies of ADAR in cancer have solely focused on protein-coding edits, &gt;99% of edits occur in non-protein coding regions.	Adenosine	23-33	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	0-4
29212737-9	2018	Mechanistically, Lrp4 conditional knockout in astrocytes increased ATP release and the production of ATP derivative, adenosine, which were further elevated by oxygen and glucose deprivation.	Adenosine	117-126	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4	Mus musculus	17-21
29083399-4	2017	Mechanistically, apoptotic Treg cells release and convert a large amount of ATP to adenosine via CD39 and CD73, and mediate immunosuppression via the adenosine and A2A pathways.	Adenosine	83-92	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	97-101
28667437-5	2017	Remarkably, ecto-5"-nucleotidase/Nt5e/Cd73 enzyme, which accounts for the dominant adenosine-generating activity in the extracellular medium, is expressed by activated liver myofibroblasts.	Adenosine	83-92	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	33-37
28667437-5	2017	Remarkably, ecto-5"-nucleotidase/Nt5e/Cd73 enzyme, which accounts for the dominant adenosine-generating activity in the extracellular medium, is expressed by activated liver myofibroblasts.	Adenosine	83-92	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	38-42
29145453-0	2017	The antiviral drug tenofovir, an inhibitor of Pannexin-1-mediated ATP release, prevents liver and skin fibrosis by downregulating adenosine levels in the liver and skin.	Adenosine	130-139	pannexin 1	Mus musculus	46-56
29061157-1	2017	Concentration is important and not only while driving; a new study indicates how an adjacent genomic element helps to increase the efficiency of a specific adenosine to inosine RNA editing reaction, by providing a means to increase the local concentration of the RNA editing enzyme ADAR.	Adenosine	156-165	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	282-286
28969707-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification catalyzed by the ADAR (adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA) enzymes, which are ubiquitously expressed among metazoans.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	110-114
28969707-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification catalyzed by the ADAR (adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA) enzymes, which are ubiquitously expressed among metazoans.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	116-152
28720305-1	2017	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) generates adenosine, an osteoblast activator and key regulator of skeletal growth.	Adenosine	38-47	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-20
28720305-1	2017	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) generates adenosine, an osteoblast activator and key regulator of skeletal growth.	Adenosine	38-47	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	22-26
33120605-4	2017	The cellular TAR RNA Binding Protein (TRBP) and Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA (ADAR1) also prevent PKR activation, while HIV expression changes PACT function to become a PKR inhibitor.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	83-88
33120605-4	2017	The cellular TAR RNA Binding Protein (TRBP) and Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA (ADAR1) also prevent PKR activation, while HIV expression changes PACT function to become a PKR inhibitor.	Adenosine	48-57	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 2	Homo sapiens	103-106
33120607-4	2017	The cellular TAR RNA Binding Protein (TRBP) and Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA (ADAR1) also prevent PKR activation, while HIV expression changes PACT function to become a PKR inhibitor.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	83-88
33120607-4	2017	The cellular TAR RNA Binding Protein (TRBP) and Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA (ADAR1) also prevent PKR activation, while HIV expression changes PACT function to become a PKR inhibitor.	Adenosine	48-57	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 2	Homo sapiens	103-106
28832580-0	2017	Loss of CD73-mediated extracellular adenosine production exacerbates inflammation and abnormal alveolar development in newborn mice exposed to prolonged hyperoxia.	Adenosine	36-45	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	8-12
28832580-2	2017	Adenosine is a signaling molecule that is generated extracellularly by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) in response to injury.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	71-91
28832580-2	2017	Adenosine is a signaling molecule that is generated extracellularly by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) in response to injury.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	93-97
28832580-4	2017	We hypothesized that hyperoxia-induced lung injury leads to CD73-mediated increases in extracellular adenosine, which are detrimental to the newborn lung.MethodsC57Bl/6 and CD73-/- mice were exposed to 95% oxygen, 70% oxygen, or room air.	Adenosine	101-110	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	60-64
28832580-6	2017	Loss of CD73-mediated extracellular adenosine production led to decreased survival with exposure to 95% oxygen, and exacerbated pulmonary inflammation and worsened lung development with 70% oxygen exposure.ConclusionExposure to hyperoxia causes lung injury associated with an increase in adenosine concentration, and loss of CD73-mediated adenosine production leads to worsening of hyperoxic lung injury.Pediatric Research advance online publication, 23 August 2017; doi:10.1038/pr.2017.176.	Adenosine	36-45	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	8-12
28832580-6	2017	Loss of CD73-mediated extracellular adenosine production led to decreased survival with exposure to 95% oxygen, and exacerbated pulmonary inflammation and worsened lung development with 70% oxygen exposure.ConclusionExposure to hyperoxia causes lung injury associated with an increase in adenosine concentration, and loss of CD73-mediated adenosine production leads to worsening of hyperoxic lung injury.Pediatric Research advance online publication, 23 August 2017; doi:10.1038/pr.2017.176.	Adenosine	288-297	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	8-12
28832580-6	2017	Loss of CD73-mediated extracellular adenosine production led to decreased survival with exposure to 95% oxygen, and exacerbated pulmonary inflammation and worsened lung development with 70% oxygen exposure.ConclusionExposure to hyperoxia causes lung injury associated with an increase in adenosine concentration, and loss of CD73-mediated adenosine production leads to worsening of hyperoxic lung injury.Pediatric Research advance online publication, 23 August 2017; doi:10.1038/pr.2017.176.	Adenosine	288-297	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	8-12
29088814-7	2017	In vitro, fasting induced the autophagy of CT26 cells, decreased the generation of extracellular adenosine by supressing the expression of CD73 in CT26 cells.	Adenosine	97-106	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	139-143
28381459-11	2017	In conclusion, SGLT2i increases urinary adenosine excretion under clamped hyperglycemic conditions in patients with T1D.	Adenosine	40-49	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	15-20
28370734-12	2017	Adenosine also induced apoptosis by regulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, mitochondrial membrane potential depletion and activation of caspase-6.	Adenosine	0-9	caspase 6	Homo sapiens	128-137
28133948-12	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal HS diets altered Adenosine-mediated coronary artery vasodilatation in the offspring, which was linked to downregulation of cAMP/PKA/BK channel pathway.	Adenosine	39-48	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	150-153
28432149-3	2017	The proinflammatory danger signal ATP, released from damaged cells, is degraded by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 to the anti-inflammatory mediator adenosine.	Adenosine	153-162	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	114-118
28432149-4	2017	Here, we investigate the contribution of CD73-derived adenosine produced by T cells to cardiac remodeling after ischemia/reperfusion and define its mechanism of action.	Adenosine	54-63	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	41-45
28389406-6	2017	Furthermore, such co-expression system led to the synergistic enzymatic activity of hE5NT and hENTPD1 as shown by the efficient catabolism of pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic extracellular adenine nucleotides along with the enhanced production of the anti-inflammatory molecule adenosine.	Adenosine	281-290	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	94-101
28582704-3	2017	Adenosine present in high concentrations in the tumor microenvironment activates the immune checkpoint adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR), leading to the suppression of antitumor responses.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	103-125
28582704-3	2017	Adenosine present in high concentrations in the tumor microenvironment activates the immune checkpoint adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR), leading to the suppression of antitumor responses.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	127-131
28663494-4	2017	Here we show in the murine auditory cortex that juvenile plasticity can be reestablished in adulthood if acoustic stimuli are paired with disruption of ecto-5"-nucleotidase-dependent adenosine production or A1-adenosine receptor signaling in the auditory thalamus.	Adenosine	183-192	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	152-172
28690614-1	2017	As the rate-limiting enzyme in ATP/ADP-AMP-adenosine pathway, CD39 would be a novel checkpoint inhibitor target in preventing adenosine-triggered immune-suppressive effect.	Adenosine	43-52	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	62-66
28690614-1	2017	As the rate-limiting enzyme in ATP/ADP-AMP-adenosine pathway, CD39 would be a novel checkpoint inhibitor target in preventing adenosine-triggered immune-suppressive effect.	Adenosine	126-135	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	62-66
28192180-11	2017	Activity of ecto-adenosine deaminase (eADA), responsible for adenosine deamination, in the CD73-/- was 40% lower when compared to WT.	Adenosine	17-26	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	91-95
28581447-8	2017	Under basal conditions, adenosine stimulated NO production, eNOS phosphorylation at serine 1177 from 5 minutes to 4 hours and inhibited eNOS phosphorylation at threonine 495 from 5 minutes to 6 hours, but increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and p70S6K only after exposure for 5 minutes.	Adenosine	24-33	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Homo sapiens	255-261
28088487-4	2017	Here, we review the experimental evidence in support of adenosine receptor-based therapeutic strategy for ROP, including the aberrant adenosine signaling in oxygen-induced retinopathy and the role of three adenosine receptor subtypes (A1R, A2AR, A2BR) in development and treatment of ROP using oxygen-induced retinopathy models.	Adenosine	56-65	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	240-244
27862653-2	2017	Central players in adenosine signaling are the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, which convert ADP/ATP to AMP and AMP to adenosine, respectively.	Adenosine	19-28	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	65-69
27862653-2	2017	Central players in adenosine signaling are the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, which convert ADP/ATP to AMP and AMP to adenosine, respectively.	Adenosine	120-129	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	65-69
28529533-2	2017	Adenosine regulates immune function by interaction with its receptors, mainly adenosine A2A receptor, present on the surface of immune cells.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	78-100
28649357-2	2017	Here, we investigate whether host-mediated RNA editing of adenosines (ADAR) plays a role in the molecular evolution of ZIKV.	Adenosine	58-68	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	70-74
28330993-3	2017	Peptide sequences derived from the well-defined CARM1 substrate poly(A)-binding protein 1 (PABP1) were covalently linked to an adenosine moiety as in the AdoMet cofactor to generate transition state mimics.	Adenosine	127-136	poly(A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1	Homo sapiens	64-89
28330993-3	2017	Peptide sequences derived from the well-defined CARM1 substrate poly(A)-binding protein 1 (PABP1) were covalently linked to an adenosine moiety as in the AdoMet cofactor to generate transition state mimics.	Adenosine	127-136	poly(A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1	Homo sapiens	91-96
28376099-7	2017	These data indicate that under normal physiological conditions, CD39 and CD73 nucleotidases together with equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) control the fate of extracellular adenosine and thereby the ramification of microglial processes.	Adenosine	186-195	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	73-77
28404626-0	2017	Adenosine Formed by CD73 on T Cells Inhibits Cardiac Inflammation and Fibrosis and Preserves Contractile Function in Transverse Aortic Constriction-Induced Heart Failure.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	20-24
28404626-7	2017	Expression analysis by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of extracellular purine degrading enzymes and P1 and P2 receptors on T cells isolated from the injured heart revealed profound upregulation of the enzymatic machinery for hydrolysis of extracellular adenosine triphosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, both pathways converging in the formation of AMP and adenosine via CD73.	Adenosine	283-292	zinc finger protein 185	Mus musculus	130-139
28404626-7	2017	Expression analysis by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of extracellular purine degrading enzymes and P1 and P2 receptors on T cells isolated from the injured heart revealed profound upregulation of the enzymatic machinery for hydrolysis of extracellular adenosine triphosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, both pathways converging in the formation of AMP and adenosine via CD73.	Adenosine	283-292	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	412-416
28174424-3	2017	Therefore, targeting adenosine-generating enzymes (CD39 and CD73) or adenosine receptors has emerged as a novel means to stimulate anti-tumor immunity.	Adenosine	21-30	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
28060378-6	2017	We then found that enzymatic depletion of adenosine or inhibition of the adenosine receptor A2a on LEC-MF abrogated apoptotic cell suppression of TNF, and this suppression was entirely dependent on the ecto-enzyme CD73 (AMP adenosine) but not CD39 (ATP AMP), both of which are highly expressed on RPMF.	Adenosine	42-51	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	214-218
28199207-6	2017	Host adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) catalyzes adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) editing of RNA transcripts, thus changing viral RNAs and exerting antiviral and proviral effects.	Adenosine	5-14	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	42-47
27628903-1	2017	CD73-derived adenosine plays an anti-inflammatory role in various organs.	Adenosine	13-22	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
27628903-6	2017	Results from adoptive transfer experiments between WT and CD73-/- mice and pharmacologic studies modulating enzymatic activity of CD73 and extracellular adenosine levels supported a critical role of adenosine generated by proximal tubule CD73 expression in abrogating IRI.	Adenosine	199-208	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	130-134
27628903-6	2017	Results from adoptive transfer experiments between WT and CD73-/- mice and pharmacologic studies modulating enzymatic activity of CD73 and extracellular adenosine levels supported a critical role of adenosine generated by proximal tubule CD73 expression in abrogating IRI.	Adenosine	199-208	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	130-134
27628903-7	2017	Renal adenosine levels were lower before and after ischemia in CD73-deficient mice.	Adenosine	6-15	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	63-67
28210258-0	2017	Human Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit Xeno-Graft-versus-Host Disease via CD39-CD73-Adenosine and IDO Signals.	Adenosine	98-107	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	88-92
27769744-3	2017	Pannexin1 (Panx1) is abundantly expressed in the brain and has been shown to contribute to adenosine signaling in nervous system tissues (Prochnow et al., 2012).	Adenosine	91-100	pannexin 1	Mus musculus	0-9
28231731-8	2017	The adenosine derivative treatment reduced diethylnitrosamine-induced collagen expression and decreased the proportion of nodules positive for the tumor marker gamma-glutamyl transferase.	Adenosine	4-13	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	160-186
28060732-1	2017	In immune cells, CD73 dephosphorylates and converts extracellular AMP into adenosine, which binds the A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR).	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	102-124
28060732-1	2017	In immune cells, CD73 dephosphorylates and converts extracellular AMP into adenosine, which binds the A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR).	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	126-130
27993599-2	2017	Since adenosine is one of the main orchestra leaders in immunosuppression symphony of tumor, targeting its producing molecules such as CD73 can help to achieve a better clinical outcome following conventional cancer immunotherapeutic approaches.	Adenosine	6-15	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	135-139
28344891-3	2017	CD39+ gammadeltaTregs are the predominant regulatory T cells and have more potent immunosuppressive activity than CD4+ or CD8+ Tregs via the adenosine-mediated pathway but independent of TGF-beta or IL-10.	Adenosine	141-150	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
28344891-5	2017	We further demonstrate that tumor-derived TGF-beta1 induces CD39+ gammadeltaT cells from paired normal colon tissues to produce more adenosine and become potent immunosuppressive T cells.	Adenosine	133-142	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
27896810-0	2017	Multiple pathways for elevating extracellular adenosine in the rat hippocampal CA1 region characterized by adenosine sensor cells.	Adenosine	46-55	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
27896810-0	2017	Multiple pathways for elevating extracellular adenosine in the rat hippocampal CA1 region characterized by adenosine sensor cells.	Adenosine	107-116	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
27896810-7	2017	Adenosine release following treatments that cause astrocyte swelling is independent of calcium channels, but dependent on aquaporin 4, an astrocyte-specific water channel subtype.	Adenosine	0-9	aquaporin 4	Rattus norvegicus	122-133
27980502-9	2017	Lastly, the levels of several nucleotides and nucleotide metabolites (guanosine, adenosine, inosine) were also decreased after G-CSF administration, while methylated products were increased.	Adenosine	81-90	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	127-132
27005321-5	2016	Under pathophysiological conditions, nucleotide-scavenging ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 hydrolyze ATP, ultimately, to the anti-inflammatory mediator adenosine.	Adenosine	152-161	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	77-81
27373511-2	2016	Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing is a recently described novel epigenetic mechanism involving sequence alterations at the RNA but not DNA level, primarily mediated by ADAR (adenosine deaminase that act on RNA) enzymes.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	167-171
27373511-2	2016	Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing is a recently described novel epigenetic mechanism involving sequence alterations at the RNA but not DNA level, primarily mediated by ADAR (adenosine deaminase that act on RNA) enzymes.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	173-208
27754822-10	2016	Suppression of the osmotic ATP release and upregulation of the ecto-apyrase (NTPDase1), which facilitate the extracellular degradation of ATP and the formation of adenosine, may protect neurons and photoreceptors from death due to overactivation of P2X receptors.	Adenosine	163-172	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	63-75
27754822-10	2016	Suppression of the osmotic ATP release and upregulation of the ecto-apyrase (NTPDase1), which facilitate the extracellular degradation of ATP and the formation of adenosine, may protect neurons and photoreceptors from death due to overactivation of P2X receptors.	Adenosine	163-172	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	77-85
27749555-1	2016	Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (ENTPD1/CD39) is the rate-limiting enzyme in a cascade leading to the generation of immunosuppressive adenosine and plays an important role in tumor progression.	Adenosine	147-156	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	46-52
27749555-1	2016	Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (ENTPD1/CD39) is the rate-limiting enzyme in a cascade leading to the generation of immunosuppressive adenosine and plays an important role in tumor progression.	Adenosine	147-156	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
27622332-2	2016	Here, we have identified that co-blockade of the ectonucleotidase that generates adenosine CD73 and the A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR) that mediates adenosine signaling in leuokocytes, by using compound gene-targeted mice or therapeutics that target these molecules, limits tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis.	Adenosine	81-90	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	91-95
27430240-6	2016	The results revealed that adenosine and CGS21680 significantly upregulated CD39 and CD73 expression (P&lt;0.01).	Adenosine	26-35	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	84-88
27430240-7	2016	E2F-1 and CREB induced CD39 and CD73 expression, and were upregulated by adenosine and CGS21680.	Adenosine	73-82	E2F transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	0-5
27430240-8	2016	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis and adenosine generation were inhibited by the knockdown of E2F-1 or CREB, and were accelerated in the presence of CGS21680.	Adenosine	44-53	E2F transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	100-105
27430240-9	2016	Based on these results, it can be inferred that adenosine, the adenosine A2A receptor agonist, E2F-1 and CREB are the possible factors contributing to the high expression of CD39 and CD73 on the Treg cell surface during sepsis.	Adenosine	48-57	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	183-187
27430240-10	2016	Adenosine and its A2A receptor agonist served as the signal transducer factors of the CD39/CD73/adenosine pathway, accelerating adenosine generation.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	91-95
27430240-10	2016	Adenosine and its A2A receptor agonist served as the signal transducer factors of the CD39/CD73/adenosine pathway, accelerating adenosine generation.	Adenosine	96-105	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	91-95
27430240-10	2016	Adenosine and its A2A receptor agonist served as the signal transducer factors of the CD39/CD73/adenosine pathway, accelerating adenosine generation.	Adenosine	128-137	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	91-95
27418253-10	2016	However, treatment of diabetic rats with adenosine significantly decreased the plasma KIM-1 and TNF-alpha levels compared to DM + saline group.	Adenosine	41-50	hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-91
26640150-3	2016	Herein we show that the adenosine-to-inosine editing enzyme ADAR1 undergoes gene amplification in non-small cancer cell lines and primary tumors in association with higher levels of the corresponding mRNA and protein.	Adenosine	24-33	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	60-65
27532024-0	2016	Adenosine-generating ovarian cancer cells attract myeloid cells which differentiate into adenosine-generating tumor associated macrophages - a self-amplifying, CD39- and CD73-dependent mechanism for tumor immune escape.	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	160-164
27532024-0	2016	Adenosine-generating ovarian cancer cells attract myeloid cells which differentiate into adenosine-generating tumor associated macrophages - a self-amplifying, CD39- and CD73-dependent mechanism for tumor immune escape.	Adenosine	89-98	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	160-164
27532024-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer (OvCA) tissues show abundant expression of the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 which generate immunomodulatory adenosine, thereby inhibiting cytotoxic lymphocytes.	Adenosine	138-147	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	92-96
27429212-4	2016	We advocated (i) blocking immunosuppressive adenosine-A2AR-cAMP-mediated intracellular signaling by A2AR antagonists and (ii) weakening hypoxia-HIF-1alpha-mediated accumulation of extracellular adenosine by oxygenation agents that also inhibits CD39/CD73 adenosine-generating enzymes.	Adenosine	44-53	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	54-58
27429212-4	2016	We advocated (i) blocking immunosuppressive adenosine-A2AR-cAMP-mediated intracellular signaling by A2AR antagonists and (ii) weakening hypoxia-HIF-1alpha-mediated accumulation of extracellular adenosine by oxygenation agents that also inhibits CD39/CD73 adenosine-generating enzymes.	Adenosine	44-53	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	100-104
27429212-4	2016	We advocated (i) blocking immunosuppressive adenosine-A2AR-cAMP-mediated intracellular signaling by A2AR antagonists and (ii) weakening hypoxia-HIF-1alpha-mediated accumulation of extracellular adenosine by oxygenation agents that also inhibits CD39/CD73 adenosine-generating enzymes.	Adenosine	44-53	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	245-249
27429212-4	2016	We advocated (i) blocking immunosuppressive adenosine-A2AR-cAMP-mediated intracellular signaling by A2AR antagonists and (ii) weakening hypoxia-HIF-1alpha-mediated accumulation of extracellular adenosine by oxygenation agents that also inhibits CD39/CD73 adenosine-generating enzymes.	Adenosine	194-203	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	54-58
27429212-4	2016	We advocated (i) blocking immunosuppressive adenosine-A2AR-cAMP-mediated intracellular signaling by A2AR antagonists and (ii) weakening hypoxia-HIF-1alpha-mediated accumulation of extracellular adenosine by oxygenation agents that also inhibits CD39/CD73 adenosine-generating enzymes.	Adenosine	194-203	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	100-104
27429212-4	2016	We advocated (i) blocking immunosuppressive adenosine-A2AR-cAMP-mediated intracellular signaling by A2AR antagonists and (ii) weakening hypoxia-HIF-1alpha-mediated accumulation of extracellular adenosine by oxygenation agents that also inhibits CD39/CD73 adenosine-generating enzymes.	Adenosine	194-203	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	245-249
27210814-2	2016	CD39 is an ectonucleotidase that catalyzes extracellular ATP/ADP hydrolysis, culminating in the generation of immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	128-137	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
27476546-3	2016	Adenosine through adenosine A2a receptor (A2aAR) could inhibit nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling pathway in inflammation.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	18-40
27199464-6	2016	The abnormal splicing resulted from SMC marker pre-mRNA editing that was facilitated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1), an enzyme converting adenosines to inosines (A I editing) in RNA sequences.	Adenosine	154-164	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	88-123
27199464-6	2016	The abnormal splicing resulted from SMC marker pre-mRNA editing that was facilitated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1), an enzyme converting adenosines to inosines (A I editing) in RNA sequences.	Adenosine	154-164	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	125-130
27189965-9	2016	These data indicate that ethanol treatment is associated with a reduction in adenosine signaling through adenosine A1 receptors in hippocampus, mediated, at least in part, via reduced ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity.	Adenosine	77-86	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	184-204
26782277-7	2016	In addition, Abeta-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, indicated by the decrease in 3- (4,5-cimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) conversion, mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and COX activity, could be suppressed by knockdown of FOXO3a (FOXO3a-KD).	Adenosine	178-187	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	13-18
26921334-0	2016	Extracellular Adenosine Production by ecto-5"-Nucleotidase (CD73) Enhances Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis.	Adenosine	14-23	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	38-58
26921334-0	2016	Extracellular Adenosine Production by ecto-5"-Nucleotidase (CD73) Enhances Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis.	Adenosine	14-23	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	60-64
26921334-2	2016	In this study, we investigated the role of the extracellular adenosine as generated by the ecto-5"-nucleotidase CD73 in fibrosis development after thoracic irradiation.	Adenosine	61-70	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	91-111
26921334-2	2016	In this study, we investigated the role of the extracellular adenosine as generated by the ecto-5"-nucleotidase CD73 in fibrosis development after thoracic irradiation.	Adenosine	61-70	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	112-116
26921334-8	2016	Taken together, our findings demonstrate that CD73 potentiates radiation-induced lung fibrosis, suggesting that existing pharmacologic strategies for modulating adenosine may be effective in limiting lung toxicities associated with the treatment of thoracic malignancies.	Adenosine	161-170	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	46-50
26913805-7	2016	In addition, mitochondrial complex I activity was raised in DJ-1-overexpressing cells, and this rise occurred with an increase in cellular adenosine 5"-triphosphate content.	Adenosine	139-148	Parkinsonism associated deglycase	Homo sapiens	60-64
26961686-6	2016	RESULTS: Upon hypoxic stress, cancer cells release ATP into the extracellular space where nucleotides are converted into ADO by hypoxia-sensitive, membrane-bound ectoenzymes (CD39/CD73).	Adenosine	121-124	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	175-179
27622030-4	2016	The ectonucleotidase CD39 hydrolyzes ATP into extracellular adenosine that exhibits potent immunosuppressive properties when signaling through the A2A adenosine receptor.	Adenosine	60-69	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	21-25
26964090-13	2016	They also reveal previously unexplored consequences to extracellular adenosine signaling depletion in recently proposed anti-CD73 cancer therapy.	Adenosine	69-78	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	125-129
26919582-2	2016	Given that CD73 is the main enzyme responsible for conversion of AMP into the immunosuppressive molecule adenosine, we investigated its role in the regulatory function of gammadelta T cells in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU).	Adenosine	105-114	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	11-15
26673726-5	2016	Here, we present the first crystal structure of a full length Trm10 orthologue specific for adenosine, revealing next to the catalytic SPOUT domain also N- and C-terminal domains.	Adenosine	92-101	tRNA methyltransferase 10A	Homo sapiens	62-67
26673726-7	2016	Moreover, structural comparison of this adenosine-specific Trm10 orthologue with guanosine-specific Trm10 orthologues suggests that the N1 methylation of adenosine relies on additional catalytic residues.	Adenosine	40-49	tRNA methyltransferase 10A	Homo sapiens	59-64
26673726-7	2016	Moreover, structural comparison of this adenosine-specific Trm10 orthologue with guanosine-specific Trm10 orthologues suggests that the N1 methylation of adenosine relies on additional catalytic residues.	Adenosine	154-163	tRNA methyltransferase 10A	Homo sapiens	59-64
26673726-7	2016	Moreover, structural comparison of this adenosine-specific Trm10 orthologue with guanosine-specific Trm10 orthologues suggests that the N1 methylation of adenosine relies on additional catalytic residues.	Adenosine	154-163	tRNA methyltransferase 10A	Homo sapiens	100-105
26724729-5	2016	The two best MeP-based substrates with M64V-E coli PNP, a mutant which was engineered to tolerate modification at the 5"-position of adenosine and its analogs, were 9-(6-deoxy-alpha-l-talofuranosyl)-6-methylpurine (3) [methyl(talo)-MeP-R] and 9-(alpha-l-lyxofuranosyl)6-methylpurine (4) [lyxo-MeP-R].	Adenosine	133-142	purine-nucleoside phosphorylase	Mus musculus	51-54
26601943-1	2016	Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is the most frequent type of post-transcriptional nucleotide conversion in humans, and it is catalyzed by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	148-181
26601943-1	2016	Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is the most frequent type of post-transcriptional nucleotide conversion in humans, and it is catalyzed by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	183-187
27256387-2	2016	In animals, the most prevalent type of RNA editing is adenosine (A) to inosine (I) deamination catalyzed by the ADAR family.	Adenosine	54-63	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	112-116
27842306-6	2016	Likewise, arterial injection of adenosine analogue CGS21680 (A2A subtype receptor agonist, 10 microM and100 microM) also attenuated the reflex responses.	Adenosine	32-41	spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
26323656-4	2016	There are two families of enzymes responsible for maintaining the balance of m6A modification: m6A methyltransferases and demethylases, which add and remove methyl marks for adenosine of RNA, respectively.	Adenosine	174-183	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	77-80
26323656-4	2016	There are two families of enzymes responsible for maintaining the balance of m6A modification: m6A methyltransferases and demethylases, which add and remove methyl marks for adenosine of RNA, respectively.	Adenosine	174-183	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	95-98
26328528-7	2016	Two unique components are genetically combined in this molecule: 1) The ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase NTPDase CD39, which enzymatically degrades ATP and ADP to AMP, which is then further degraded to adenosine by the endothelially expressed CD73.	Adenosine	217-226	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	128-132
26647875-0	2016	The mechanism of adenosine-mediated activation of lncRNA MEG3 and its antitumor effects in human hepatoma cells.	Adenosine	17-26	maternally expressed 3	Homo sapiens	57-61
26569399-9	2015	PP2A demethylation and its reciprocal tyrosine phosphorylation were also affected by treatment of sperm with L-homocysteine and adenosine, which are known to elevate intracellular S-adenosylhomocysteine, a feedback inhibitor of methyltransferases.	Adenosine	128-137	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	0-4
26569399-11	2015	Inhibition of PP2A by okadaic acid or by incubation of caudal epididymal spermatozoa with L-homocysteine and adenosine resulted in increase of sperm motility parameters including percent motility, velocity, and lateral head amplitude.	Adenosine	109-118	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	14-18
26549640-0	2015	NADH oxidase-dependent CD39 expression by CD8(+) T cells modulates interferon gamma responses via generation of adenosine.	Adenosine	112-121	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	23-27
26549640-4	2015	CD39(+)CD8(+) T cells substantially inhibit IFNgamma production by CD39(-)CD8(+) T cells via the paracrine generation of adenosine, which is operational via adenosine type 2A receptors.	Adenosine	121-130	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
26549640-4	2015	CD39(+)CD8(+) T cells substantially inhibit IFNgamma production by CD39(-)CD8(+) T cells via the paracrine generation of adenosine, which is operational via adenosine type 2A receptors.	Adenosine	121-130	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	67-71
26549640-6	2015	Our findings provide insights into Tc1-mediated IFNgamma responses and ROS generation and link these pathways to CD39/adenosine-mediated effects in immunological disease.	Adenosine	118-127	transcobalamin 1	Homo sapiens	35-38
26549640-6	2015	Our findings provide insights into Tc1-mediated IFNgamma responses and ROS generation and link these pathways to CD39/adenosine-mediated effects in immunological disease.	Adenosine	118-127	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	113-117
26251265-2	2015	Active vitamin D (1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; 1,25(OH)2 D3) up-regulates CD4(+) T-cell expression of the purine ectonucleotidase CD39, a molecule that is associated with the generation of anti-inflammatory adenosine.	Adenosine	209-218	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	132-136
26478088-5	2015	Moreover, we showed that FBP-induced adenosine generation requires hydrolysis of extracellular ATP through the activity of the ectonucleosides triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (ENTPD1, also known as CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (E5NT, also known as CD73).	Adenosine	37-46	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	210-230
26478088-5	2015	Moreover, we showed that FBP-induced adenosine generation requires hydrolysis of extracellular ATP through the activity of the ectonucleosides triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (ENTPD1, also known as CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (E5NT, also known as CD73).	Adenosine	37-46	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	232-236
26478088-5	2015	Moreover, we showed that FBP-induced adenosine generation requires hydrolysis of extracellular ATP through the activity of the ectonucleosides triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (ENTPD1, also known as CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (E5NT, also known as CD73).	Adenosine	37-46	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	252-256
26095178-6	2015	B cells recruited to the liver produce IL-10 and TGFbeta, and express cell surface CD73 (ectoenzyme which generates adenosine).	Adenosine	116-125	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	83-87
26150530-0	2015	Adenosine Modulates NR4A Orphan Nuclear Receptors To Attenuate Hyperinflammatory Responses in Monocytic Cells.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 13 receptor, alpha 1	Mus musculus	20-23
26150530-2	2015	In this study, we reveal that adenosine potently modulates the expression of NR4A1, 2, and 3 orphan nuclear receptors in myeloid cells, and this modulation is primarily through the adenosine A2a receptor subtype.	Adenosine	30-39	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Mus musculus	77-82
26150530-5	2015	Exposure of TLR4 or TNF-alpha-stimulated monocytes to adenosine analogs directs changes in the expression of MIP-3alpha and IL-23p19, with NR4A2 depletion leading to significantly enhanced expression of these factors.	Adenosine	54-63	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20	Mus musculus	109-119
26150530-6	2015	Furthermore, we establish that nuclear levels of NF-kappaB/p65 are increased in TLR/adenosine-stimulated NR4A2-depleted cells.	Adenosine	84-93	v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian)	Mus musculus	59-62
26261991-0	2015	Extracellular Adenosine Formation by Ecto-5"-Nucleotidase (CD73) Is No Essential Trigger for Early Phase Ischemic Preconditioning.	Adenosine	14-23	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	37-57
26261991-0	2015	Extracellular Adenosine Formation by Ecto-5"-Nucleotidase (CD73) Is No Essential Trigger for Early Phase Ischemic Preconditioning.	Adenosine	14-23	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	59-63
26258883-1	2015	The ectoenzyme CD73 catalyzes the hydrolysis of AMP, and is one of the most important producers of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	113-122	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	15-19
26258883-2	2015	On regulatory T cells, CD73 is necessary for immunosuppressive functions, and on Th17 cells CD73-generated adenosine exerts anti-inflammatory effects.	Adenosine	107-116	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	92-96
25998049-2	2015	Oligodendrocytes participate in the brain 2",3"-cAMP-adenosine pathway via their robust expression of 2",3"-cyclic nucleotide 3"-phosphodiesterase (CNPase; converts 2",3"-cAMP to 2"-AMP).	Adenosine	53-62	2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase	Rattus norvegicus	102-146
25998049-2	2015	Oligodendrocytes participate in the brain 2",3"-cAMP-adenosine pathway via their robust expression of 2",3"-cyclic nucleotide 3"-phosphodiesterase (CNPase; converts 2",3"-cAMP to 2"-AMP).	Adenosine	53-62	2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase	Rattus norvegicus	148-154
25998049-3	2015	Because Schwann cells also express CNPase, it is conceivable that the 2",3"-cAMP-adenosine pathway exists in the peripheral nervous system.	Adenosine	81-90	2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase	Rattus norvegicus	35-41
25972541-6	2015	Sequences flanking these mutation sites were characteristic of those favored by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA-1 (ADAR1), which catalyzes in double-stranded RNA the C-6 deamination of adenosine to produce inosine, which is recognized as guanosine, a process known as A-to-I RNA editing.	Adenosine	80-89	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	117-122
26321268-6	2015	The ratio of AMPD/c5NT defines the amount of adenosine produced in adenine nucleotide catabolic pathway.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	13-17
26321268-7	2015	Inhibition of AMPD could alter this ratio resulting in increased adenosine production.	Adenosine	65-74	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
26125523-6	2015	The combination of extensive holo and apo fragment ions allowed the locations of the NADPH and MTX ligands to be mapped, with NADPH associated with the adenosine binding domain of DHFR and MTX interacting with the loop domain.	Adenosine	152-161	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	180-184
26095193-1	2015	Adenosine to inosine RNA editing catalyzed by ADAR enzymes is common in humans, and altered editing is associated with disease.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	46-50
26095193-2	2015	Experiments using substrate RNAs with adenosine analogues at editing sites are useful for defining features of the ADAR reaction mechanism.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	115-119
26124149-8	2015	Consistently, GLD-2 has distinct biochemical properties: It displays unusual specificity in vitro for single-stranded RNAs with at least one adenosine at the 3" end.	Adenosine	141-150	PAP-associated domain-containing protein;Poly(A) RNA polymerase gld-2	Caenorhabditis elegans	14-19
26100888-2	2015	It has been suggested that the psychostimulant effects of caffeine depend on its ability to block an allosteric modulation within the A2AR-D2R heteromer, by which adenosine decreases the affinity and intrinsic efficacy of dopamine at the D2R.	Adenosine	163-172	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	134-138
25389034-0	2015	Intestinal immunopathology is associated with decreased CD73-generated adenosine during lethal infection.	Adenosine	71-80	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	56-60
25389034-1	2015	The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 sequentially degrade the extracellular ATP pool and release immunosuppressive adenosine, thereby regulating inflammatory responses.	Adenosine	114-123	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	31-35
25389034-5	2015	CD73 expression was downregulated during acute infection with T. gondii, leading to impaired capacity to produce adenosine.	Adenosine	113-122	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
25805696-3	2015	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), which dephosphorylates AMP to adenosine, is considered to catalyze the rate-limiting step in the generation of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	59-68	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-20
25805696-3	2015	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), which dephosphorylates AMP to adenosine, is considered to catalyze the rate-limiting step in the generation of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	59-68	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	22-26
25805696-3	2015	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), which dephosphorylates AMP to adenosine, is considered to catalyze the rate-limiting step in the generation of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	154-163	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-20
25805696-3	2015	Ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73), which dephosphorylates AMP to adenosine, is considered to catalyze the rate-limiting step in the generation of extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	154-163	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	22-26
25817730-0	2015	Adenosine induces apoptosis through TNFR1/RIPK1/P38 axis in colon cancer cells.	Adenosine	0-9	TNF receptor superfamily member 1A	Homo sapiens	36-41
25817730-0	2015	Adenosine induces apoptosis through TNFR1/RIPK1/P38 axis in colon cancer cells.	Adenosine	0-9	receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
25817730-6	2015	Importantly, we found that adenosine increases the expression of TNFR1 and RIPK1 and the phosphorylation of p38.	Adenosine	27-36	TNF receptor superfamily member 1A	Homo sapiens	65-70
25817730-6	2015	Importantly, we found that adenosine increases the expression of TNFR1 and RIPK1 and the phosphorylation of p38.	Adenosine	27-36	receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	75-80
25817730-8	2015	These results indicate that a TNFR1/RIPK1/P38 axis is present in adenosine-induced apoptosis of colonic cancer cells.	Adenosine	65-74	TNF receptor superfamily member 1A	Homo sapiens	30-35
25817730-8	2015	These results indicate that a TNFR1/RIPK1/P38 axis is present in adenosine-induced apoptosis of colonic cancer cells.	Adenosine	65-74	receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	36-41
25921533-1	2015	Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing modifies maturing mRNAs through the binding of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (Adar) proteins to double-stranded RNA structures in a process critical for neuronal function.	Adenosine	0-9	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA	Drosophila melanogaster	80-113
25921533-1	2015	Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing modifies maturing mRNAs through the binding of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (Adar) proteins to double-stranded RNA structures in a process critical for neuronal function.	Adenosine	0-9	Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA	Drosophila melanogaster	115-119
25681585-3	2015	AMP that accumulates during ischemia can be metabolized to adenosine by 5"-nucleotidase or to IMP by AMPD.	Adenosine	59-68	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	72-87
25640206-1	2015	Regulatory T cells (Tregs) use different mechanisms to exert their suppressive function, among them the conversion of ATP to adenosine initiated by the ectonucleotidase CD39.	Adenosine	125-134	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	169-173
25587035-4	2015	Here we report that adenosine induces SphK1 activity in human and mouse sickle and normal erythrocytes in vitro.	Adenosine	20-29	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	38-43
25403716-1	2015	The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 hydrolyze extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to generate adenosine, which binds to adenosine receptors and inhibits T-cell and natural killer (NK)-cell responses, thereby suppressing the immune system.	Adenosine	60-69	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
25403716-2	2015	The generation of adenosine via the CD39/CD73 pathway is recognized as a major mechanism of regulatory T cell (Treg) immunosuppressive function.	Adenosine	18-27	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	36-40
25403716-8	2015	CD39 in cancer cells displays ATPase activity and, together with CD73, generates adenosine.	Adenosine	81-90	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
25403716-9	2015	CD39+CD73+ cancer cells inhibited the proliferation of CD4 and CD8 T cells and the generation of cytotoxic effector CD8 T cells (CTL) in a CD39- and adenosine-dependent manner.	Adenosine	149-158	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
25403716-11	2015	In conclusion, interfering with the CD39-adenosine pathway may represent a novel immunotherapeutic strategy for inhibiting tumor cell-mediated immunosuppression.	Adenosine	41-50	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	36-40
25675517-7	2015	Tregs produce adenosine (ADO) through ATP degradation by sequential actions of two cell surface ectonucleotidases: CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	14-23	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	115-119
25675517-7	2015	Tregs produce adenosine (ADO) through ATP degradation by sequential actions of two cell surface ectonucleotidases: CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	25-28	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	115-119
25399070-5	2015	An adenosine to guanine transversion was identified in exon 2 that changes a highly conserved glutamic acid residue in the SOX10 DNA binding domain to glycine.	Adenosine	3-12	SRY-box transcription factor 10	Homo sapiens	123-128
25480524-4	2015	Using 2 neuronal cell models, we found that extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) induced a significant increase in intracellular alphasyn levels between 24 and 48 hours after treatment.	Adenosine	58-67	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	135-143
25494977-3	2015	Upon recognition of the aptamer to target adenosine, DNA s1 is released from the aptamer and then hybridizes with hairpin DNA (HP1).	Adenosine	42-51	chromobox 5	Homo sapiens	127-130
25392527-4	2014	We identified a novel population of B cells that expresses CD73 as well as CD39, two ectoenzymes that together catalyze the extracellular dephosphorylation of adenine nucleotides to adenosine.	Adenosine	182-191	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	59-63
25392527-7	2014	In keeping with expression of both CD73 and CD39, we found that CD73(+) B cells produce adenosine in the presence of substrate, whereas B-2 cells do not.	Adenosine	88-97	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	35-39
25392527-7	2014	In keeping with expression of both CD73 and CD39, we found that CD73(+) B cells produce adenosine in the presence of substrate, whereas B-2 cells do not.	Adenosine	88-97	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	64-68
25392527-8	2014	CD73(-/-) mice were more susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced colitis than wild type (WT) mice were, and transfer of CD73(+) B cells ameliorated the severity of colitis, suggesting that B cell CD73/CD39/adenosine can modulate DSS-induced colitis.	Adenosine	223-232	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
25392527-8	2014	CD73(-/-) mice were more susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced colitis than wild type (WT) mice were, and transfer of CD73(+) B cells ameliorated the severity of colitis, suggesting that B cell CD73/CD39/adenosine can modulate DSS-induced colitis.	Adenosine	223-232	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	137-141
25392527-8	2014	CD73(-/-) mice were more susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced colitis than wild type (WT) mice were, and transfer of CD73(+) B cells ameliorated the severity of colitis, suggesting that B cell CD73/CD39/adenosine can modulate DSS-induced colitis.	Adenosine	223-232	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	137-141
25392527-10	2014	Interestingly, adenosine generation by IL-10(-/-) B cells is impaired because of reduced expression of CD73, indicating an unexpected connection between IL-10 and adenosine and suggesting caution in interpreting the results of studies with IL-10(-/-) cells.	Adenosine	15-24	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	103-107
24998471-5	2014	Here we show by using A3R null engulfing macrophages that the adenosine produced triggers the A3Rs as well, which attenuate the A2AR signaling by inhibiting adenylate cyclase.	Adenosine	62-71	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	128-132
25120128-1	2014	UNLABELLED: Intratumoral hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1-alpha)-dependent CD39/CD73 ectoenzymes may govern the accumulation of tumor-protecting extracellular adenosine and signaling through A2A adenosine receptors (A2AR) in tumor microenvironments (TME).	Adenosine	177-186	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	37-68
25120128-1	2014	UNLABELLED: Intratumoral hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1-alpha)-dependent CD39/CD73 ectoenzymes may govern the accumulation of tumor-protecting extracellular adenosine and signaling through A2A adenosine receptors (A2AR) in tumor microenvironments (TME).	Adenosine	177-186	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	70-81
25120128-1	2014	UNLABELLED: Intratumoral hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1-alpha)-dependent CD39/CD73 ectoenzymes may govern the accumulation of tumor-protecting extracellular adenosine and signaling through A2A adenosine receptors (A2AR) in tumor microenvironments (TME).	Adenosine	177-186	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	98-102
25120128-2	2014	Here, we explored the conceptually novel motivation to use supplemental oxygen as a treatment to inhibit the hypoxia/HIF-1alpha-CD39/CD73-driven accumulation of extracellular adenosine in the TME in order to weaken the tumor protection.	Adenosine	175-184	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	117-127
25120128-2	2014	Here, we explored the conceptually novel motivation to use supplemental oxygen as a treatment to inhibit the hypoxia/HIF-1alpha-CD39/CD73-driven accumulation of extracellular adenosine in the TME in order to weaken the tumor protection.	Adenosine	175-184	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	133-137
25315605-7	2014	Knockdown mutants for AtTAD2 and AtTAD3 display reduced growth and inefficient editing from adenosine to inosine in six nucleus-encoded tRNA species.	Adenosine	92-101	Cytidine/deoxycytidylate deaminase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	22-28
25315605-7	2014	Knockdown mutants for AtTAD2 and AtTAD3 display reduced growth and inefficient editing from adenosine to inosine in six nucleus-encoded tRNA species.	Adenosine	92-101	Cytidine/deoxycytidylate deaminase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	33-39
25129451-11	2014	These results indicate that eN is prominent in the formation of ADO from astrocytes but in astrocyte-neuron co-cultures, other enzymes or pathways contribute to rising ADO levels in ischemia-like conditions.	Adenosine	64-67	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	28-30
25129451-11	2014	These results indicate that eN is prominent in the formation of ADO from astrocytes but in astrocyte-neuron co-cultures, other enzymes or pathways contribute to rising ADO levels in ischemia-like conditions.	Adenosine	168-171	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	28-30
24914852-0	2014	Thymine-based molecular beacon for sensing adenosine based on the inhibition of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase activity.	Adenosine	43-52	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	80-112
24914852-1	2014	This study presents a thymine (T)-based molecular beacon (MB) used for probing S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH)-catalyzed hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and for sensing adenosine based on the inhibition of SAHH activity.	Adenosine	188-197	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	113-117
24914852-8	2014	Because adenosine was an effective SAHH activity inhibitor, the T8-MB-T8   Hg(2+) probe combining the SAHH and SAH systems was used for sensitive and selective detection of adenosine in urine without the interference of other adenosine analogs.	Adenosine	8-17	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	35-39
24914852-8	2014	Because adenosine was an effective SAHH activity inhibitor, the T8-MB-T8   Hg(2+) probe combining the SAHH and SAH systems was used for sensitive and selective detection of adenosine in urine without the interference of other adenosine analogs.	Adenosine	8-17	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	102-106
24914852-8	2014	Because adenosine was an effective SAHH activity inhibitor, the T8-MB-T8   Hg(2+) probe combining the SAHH and SAH systems was used for sensitive and selective detection of adenosine in urine without the interference of other adenosine analogs.	Adenosine	173-182	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	102-106
24914852-8	2014	Because adenosine was an effective SAHH activity inhibitor, the T8-MB-T8   Hg(2+) probe combining the SAHH and SAH systems was used for sensitive and selective detection of adenosine in urine without the interference of other adenosine analogs.	Adenosine	173-182	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	102-106
25393959-5	2014	P-selectin expression in the presence of adenosine 0.5, 1 and 2 mmol/L was inhibited from 32+-4 to 27+-2 (p&lt;0.05), 14+-3 (p&lt;0.01) and 9+-3% (p&lt;0.001), respectively.	Adenosine	41-50	selectin P	Homo sapiens	0-10
25248746-1	2014	S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) is an NAD(+)-dependent tetrameric enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of S-adenosylhomocysteine to adenosine and homocysteine and is important in cell growth and the regulation of gene expression.	Adenosine	139-148	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	0-32
25248746-1	2014	S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) is an NAD(+)-dependent tetrameric enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of S-adenosylhomocysteine to adenosine and homocysteine and is important in cell growth and the regulation of gene expression.	Adenosine	139-148	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	34-38
25973141-0	2015	Actions of adenosine on cullin neddylation: implications for inflammatory responses.	Adenosine	11-20	CDK2 associated cullin domain 1	Homo sapiens	24-30
24880143-1	2014	CD73 is intensively involved in the regulation of immune responses through the conversion of pro-inflammatory ATP to immunosuppressive adenosine.	Adenosine	135-144	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	0-4
24903596-8	2014	These results suggest adaptive changes in the hippocampus area CA1 in particular in adenosine system following repetitive systemic morphine.	Adenosine	84-93	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
24903596-10	2014	Consequently, adenosine can accumulate because of a stimulus train-induced activity pattern in CA1 area and takes the opportunity to work as an inhibitory neuromodulator and also to enable CA1 to cope with chronic morphine.	Adenosine	14-23	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
24903596-10	2014	Consequently, adenosine can accumulate because of a stimulus train-induced activity pattern in CA1 area and takes the opportunity to work as an inhibitory neuromodulator and also to enable CA1 to cope with chronic morphine.	Adenosine	14-23	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	189-192
25263205-2	2014	Adenosine is a signaling molecule that is generated extracellularly by CD73 in response to injury.	Adenosine	0-9	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	71-75
25263205-6	2014	We hypothesized that hyperoxia-induced lung injury leads to CD73-mediated increases in extracellular adenosine, which is protective through ADORA2B signaling pathways.	Adenosine	101-110	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	60-64
25263205-9	2014	Loss of CD73-mediated extracellular adenosine production exacerbated pulmonary edema without affecting inflammatory cell counts.	Adenosine	36-45	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	8-12
25127858-1	2014	There is growing evidence that generation of adenosine from ATP, which is mediated by the CD39/CD73 enzyme pair, predetermines immunosuppressive and proangiogenic properties of myeloid cells.	Adenosine	45-54	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	90-94
24477600-8	2014	Moreover, adenosine inhibited thrombin-induced elevated expression of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and HMGB-1; and chemokines, MCP-1, CXCL-1, and CXCL-3.	Adenosine	10-19	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	130-135
25221554-4	2014	The second mechanism is the metabolism of extracellular ATP to adenosine by the ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	63-72	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	92-96
25017946-0	2014	Increased adenosine levels in mice expressing mutant glial fibrillary acidic protein in astrocytes result in failure of induction of LTP reversal (depotentiation) in hippocampal CA1 neurons.	Adenosine	10-19	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	178-181
25017946-7	2014	These results suggest that a small increase in extracellular adenosine levels resulting from increased ATP release by astrocytes results in attenuation of DP in hippocampal CA1 neurons in the mutant mice.	Adenosine	61-70	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	173-176
24837549-6	2014	We have established that ANP-induced elevated levels of cGMP as well as cGMP analog stimulate hydrolytic activity of PDE2, leading to inhibition of adenosine-induced transcription of the TH gene.	Adenosine	148-157	phosphodiesterase 2A	Rattus norvegicus	117-121
24682016-1	2014	A carbon nanotubes (CNTs) based fluorescent aptasensor was developed for adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity detection and inhibitor screening by using adenosine (AD) as the substrate.	Adenosine	73-82	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	94-97
24682016-1	2014	A carbon nanotubes (CNTs) based fluorescent aptasensor was developed for adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity detection and inhibitor screening by using adenosine (AD) as the substrate.	Adenosine	94-96	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	73-92
23857120-4	2014	We identified a novel association with AD in the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F0 (ATP5H)/Potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing protein 2 (KCTD2) locus, which reached genome-wide significance in the combined discovery and genotyping sample (rs11870474, odds ratio (OR)=1.58, P=2.6 x 10(-7) in discovery and OR=1.43, P=0.004 in Fundacio ACE data set; combined OR=1.53, P=4.7 x 10(-9)).	Adenosine	49-58	ATP synthase peripheral stalk subunit d	Homo sapiens	123-128
24784458-8	2014	It is supposed that, in addition to other proposed mechanisms, accumulated adenosine due to the inhibition of the ADA enzyme might also play a part in the anticancer activity of SMF.	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	114-117
24722121-5	2014	Several lines of evidence supported the notion that the adenosine deamination is associated with the macaque editome--A-to-G editing sites were flanked by sequences with the attributes of ADAR substrates, and both the sequence context and the expression profile of ADARs are relevant factors in determining the quantitative variance of RNA editing across different sites and tissue types.	Adenosine	56-65	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Macaca mulatta	188-192
24361450-5	2014	A lower BDNF concentration (20 ng/ml) was only effective to inhibit LTD if A(2A)Rs were activated by a selective agonist, CGS 21680 (10 nM), or if the extracellular adenosine level was increased by 5-iodotubercidin (100 nM).	Adenosine	165-174	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	8-12
24413089-5	2014	Subsequent analyses revealed that the combination of KRas activation and Atg5 inactivation favors the expression of ENTPD1/CD39, an ecto-ATPase that initiates the conversion of extracellular ATP, which is immunostimulatory, into adenosine, which is immunosuppressive.	Adenosine	229-238	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	116-122
24413089-5	2014	Subsequent analyses revealed that the combination of KRas activation and Atg5 inactivation favors the expression of ENTPD1/CD39, an ecto-ATPase that initiates the conversion of extracellular ATP, which is immunostimulatory, into adenosine, which is immunosuppressive.	Adenosine	229-238	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	123-127
24262796-2	2014	Extracellular adenosine subsequently signals through four distinct adenosine A receptors (Adora1, Adora2a, Adora2b, or Adora3).	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	107-114
24586402-3	2014	However, the contribution of ENT1-mediated adenosine levels has not been studied in bone remodeling.	Adenosine	43-52	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	29-33
24586402-4	2014	With the recent identification of the importance of adenosine signaling in bone homeostasis, it is essential to understand the role of ENT1 to develop novel therapeutic compounds for bone disorders.	Adenosine	52-61	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	135-139
24586402-9	2014	Overall, our study suggests that ENT1-regulated adenosine signaling plays an essential role in lumbar spine and femur bone density.	Adenosine	48-57	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	33-37
24035856-4	2014	The enzymatic reaction of adenosine catalyzed by ADA plays a key role as well in the regulation of the synthesis of the DNA-templated AgNCs, i.e. the signal indicator.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	49-52
24247035-4	2014	We hypothesized that the inhibition of cholinesterase activity might increase acetylcholine bioavailability and consequently cholinoceptor activation, leading to concomitant adenosine release from nerve endings and skeletal muscle fibers.	Adenosine	174-183	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	39-53
23875992-6	2014	GDM associates with NO-reduced adenosine uptake in placental endothelium, suggested to maintain and/or facilitate insulin vasodilation likely increasing hCAT-1 and eNOS expression and activity.	Adenosine	31-40	solute carrier family 7 member 1	Homo sapiens	153-159
24271058-8	2014	Moreover, removal of endogenous adenosine or disruption of lipid rafts reduced BDNF stimulatory effects on glutamate release from cortical synaptosomes.	Adenosine	32-41	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	79-83
24227782-9	2013	The functional implication of the effect of adenosine on KCa3.1 was determined by measuring T cell motility on ICAM-1 surfaces.	Adenosine	44-53	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	111-117
24266925-0	2013	Extracellular generation of adenosine by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 promotes dermal fibrosis.	Adenosine	28-37	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	63-67
24266925-2	2013	Adenosine may be formed intracellularly from adenine nucleotides or extracellularly through sequential phosphohydrolysis of released ATP by nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	184-188
24266925-6	2013	Adenosine release from skin cultured ex vivo was increased in wild-type mice after bleomycin treatment but remained low in skin from CD39KO, CD73KO, or CD39/CD73DKO bleomycin-treated mice.	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	133-137
24259587-6	2013	Furthermore, our electrophysiological analysis showed that CSF levels (40-400 nm) of adenosine or synthetic A1R agonists with comparable potencies blocked mGluR1-mediated long-term depression of the postsynaptic glutamate-responsiveness (glu-LTD) of cultured Purkinje cells.	Adenosine	85-94	colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)	Mus musculus	59-62
24278035-3	2013	These and other dNf1 defects are relatively insensitive to manipulations that reduce Ras signaling strength but are suppressed by increasing signaling through the 3"-5" cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) dependent Protein Kinase A (PKA) pathway, or phenocopied by inhibiting this pathway.	Adenosine	176-185	Neurofibromin 1	Drosophila melanogaster	16-20
23908469-5	2013	This endogenous ATP is paradoxically immunosuppressive due to its rapid catabolism into adenosine by CD39.	Adenosine	88-97	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	101-105
23917951-6	2013	Thus adenosine A2A antagonists, safinamide, and the antiepileptic agent zonisamide can extend the duration of action of levodopa.	Adenosine	5-14	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	15-18
24015268-8	2013	Viral-induced ENS neurodysfunction influenced adenosine metabolism by increasing adenosine deaminase and CD73 levels in longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus with no sign of frank inflammation.	Adenosine	46-55	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	81-100
23825434-0	2013	Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase acts redundantly with PAP and NT5E to generate adenosine in the dorsal spinal cord.	Adenosine	87-96	alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney	Mus musculus	0-39
23316066-7	2013	We demonstrated that sustained adenosine exposure caused lung EC apoptosis via nucleoside transporter-facilitated intracellular adenosine uptake, subsequent activation of p38 and JNK in mitochondria, and ultimately mitochondrial defects and activation of the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.	Adenosine	31-40	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	179-182
23193172-1	2013	The enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a multifunctional protein that can both degrade adenosine and bind extracellularly to adenosine receptors, acting as an allosteric modulator regulating the hormonal effects of adenosine.	Adenosine	11-20	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	32-35
23193172-1	2013	The enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a multifunctional protein that can both degrade adenosine and bind extracellularly to adenosine receptors, acting as an allosteric modulator regulating the hormonal effects of adenosine.	Adenosine	88-97	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	11-30
23193172-1	2013	The enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a multifunctional protein that can both degrade adenosine and bind extracellularly to adenosine receptors, acting as an allosteric modulator regulating the hormonal effects of adenosine.	Adenosine	88-97	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	32-35
23340021-0	2013	Bradykinin decreases nitric oxide release from microglia via inhibition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling.	Adenosine	82-91	synaptotagmin XVII	Mus musculus	0-10
23340021-6	2013	In this study we examined whether cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling is involved in BK-mediated effect in microglial nitric oxide (NO) production.	Adenosine	41-50	synaptotagmin XVII	Mus musculus	97-99
23324600-7	2013	This adenosine to inosine substitution leads to a change from Arginine to Glycine at position 701 that influences not only GLI1 transcriptional activity, but also GLI1-dependent cellular proliferation.	Adenosine	5-14	GLI family zinc finger 1	Homo sapiens	163-167
24381421-7	2013	ADA diminishes the protective molecule adenosine.	Adenosine	39-48	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-3
24352507-4	2013	Adenosine does not replace signals provided by stimuli such as LPS or ATP but sustains inflammasome activity via a cAMP/PKA/CREB/HIF-1alpha pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	124-128
23326587-10	2013	Among these, CXCR4 was up-regulated by adenosine, and this result was confirmed by quantitative PCR (3-fold increase, P&lt;0.001).	Adenosine	39-48	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
23326587-15	2013	Adenosine also increased CXCR4 under ischemic conditions, and decreased miR-150 expression.	Adenosine	0-9	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
23326587-15	2013	Adenosine also increased CXCR4 under ischemic conditions, and decreased miR-150 expression.	Adenosine	0-9	microRNA 150	Homo sapiens	72-79
23326587-17	2013	Addition of pre-miR-150 blunted the effect of adenosine on CXCR4.	Adenosine	46-55	microRNA 150	Homo sapiens	16-23
23326587-17	2013	Addition of pre-miR-150 blunted the effect of adenosine on CXCR4.	Adenosine	46-55	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
23237743-6	2013	Furthermore, combined PGE and adenosine treatment significantly suppressed the production of IFN-gamma and IL-17 via EP4 and A receptors.	Adenosine	30-39	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	107-112
23237743-6	2013	Furthermore, combined PGE and adenosine treatment significantly suppressed the production of IFN-gamma and IL-17 via EP4 and A receptors.	Adenosine	30-39	prostaglandin E receptor 4 (subtype EP4)	Mus musculus	117-120
23237743-7	2013	Taken together, PGE and adenosine in combination could protect EAE mouse from serious EAE through limiting the over-reactive effects of T cells via EP4 and A receptors.	Adenosine	24-33	prostaglandin E receptor 4 (subtype EP4)	Mus musculus	148-151
23020581-1	2012	AIMS: Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is an essential enzyme for the methionine and adenosine salvage pathway in normal cells, frequently inactivated in many different human cancers.	Adenosine	16-25	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	41-45
22394324-4	2012	The ecto-ATPase inhibitor ARL67156 enhanced the extracellular level of ATP and inhibited the prolonged adenosine efflux, suggesting that generation of adenosine may derive from the extracellular breakdown of ATP.	Adenosine	103-112	CEA cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-15
22394324-4	2012	The ecto-ATPase inhibitor ARL67156 enhanced the extracellular level of ATP and inhibited the prolonged adenosine efflux, suggesting that generation of adenosine may derive from the extracellular breakdown of ATP.	Adenosine	151-160	CEA cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-15
22796906-1	2012	ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) is an RNA editing enzyme that targets both coding and noncoding dsRNAs (double stranded RNAs) and converts adenosine to inosine, which is read by translation machinery and by polymerases during RNA-dependent RNA replication as if it is guanosine.	Adenosine	6-15	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Danio rerio	0-4
23302571-22	2012	(6) Adenosine treatment partially attenuated the number of PCNA-positively stained cells.	Adenosine	4-13	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Rattus norvegicus	59-63
23248974-1	2012	Adenosine deaminase is an enzyme of the purine metabolism whose function is to convert adenosine to inosine and deoxyadenosine to deoxyinosine.	Adenosine	87-96	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
22934258-1	2012	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is responsible for the deamination of immunosuppressive adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	82-91	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
22934258-1	2012	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is responsible for the deamination of immunosuppressive adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	82-91	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
22934258-9	2012	However, ADA activity in patients" CD4(+)CD39(neg) Teff was decreased (p &lt; 0.05), resulting in extracellular adenosine accumulation.	Adenosine	112-121	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	9-12
22250650-5	2012	In this context, the catabolic enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) represents a critical checkpoint in the regulation of extracellular adenosine levels and, consequently, in the control of receptor stimulation, thus playing a pivotal role in the modulation of purinergic responses to several pathophysiological events, such as chronic pulmonary diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases and sepsis.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	59-62
22250650-6	2012	This article reviews current data on the role played by ADA in the regulation of immune system activity through its modulation of adenosine pathways.	Adenosine	130-139	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	56-59
22159912-2	2012	ARE/poly(U)-binding factor 1 (AUF1) belongs to a protein family that controls mRNA stability and translation by associating with adenosine- and uridine-rich regions of target messengers.	Adenosine	129-138	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D	Homo sapiens	0-28
22159912-2	2012	ARE/poly(U)-binding factor 1 (AUF1) belongs to a protein family that controls mRNA stability and translation by associating with adenosine- and uridine-rich regions of target messengers.	Adenosine	129-138	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D	Homo sapiens	30-34
22678911-8	2012	We propose that CD69 expression on CD39(+)  Treg cells enables them to interact with CD73-expressing CD8(+)  T cells to generate adenosine, thereby suppressing cytotoxicity.	Adenosine	129-138	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	101-104
22652658-6	2012	Finally, Hcy in combination with Ade reduced the mRNA levels of VEGF, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and attenuated protein levels of VEGF, ERK1/2 and Akt.	Adenosine	33-36	kinase insert domain receptor like	Danio rerio	79-86
22079877-12	2012	Both adenosine and lidocaine alone and adenocaine comparably inhibited platelet activating factor-induced CD11 b/c surface expression on PMNs (flow cytometry), but adenocaine further suppressed both CD18 expression (to 47.4% +- 9.7%) and PMN adherence (to 47.2% +- 4.3%) compared with adenosine and lidocaine alone.	Adenosine	5-14	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	106-112
22121051-6	2012	Lower baseline expression of CD28 and chemotaxis to CCL21 and S1P for T cells from older subjects attributable to endogenous adenosine were reversed completely by two different A(2A) adenosine receptor antagonists without affecting T cells of younger subjects.	Adenosine	125-134	membrane bound transcription factor peptidase, site 1	Homo sapiens	62-65
22215671-3	2012	In contrast, AMP only activated the adenosine A(2B) receptor (A(2B)R) after hydrolysis to adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) or prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP, ACPP).	Adenosine	36-45	acid phosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	140-166
22215671-3	2012	In contrast, AMP only activated the adenosine A(2B) receptor (A(2B)R) after hydrolysis to adenosine by ecto-5"-nucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) or prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP, ACPP).	Adenosine	36-45	acid phosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	173-177
22261534-2	2012	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a cytoplasmic enzyme involved in the catabolism of purine bases, capable of catalyzing the deamination of adenosine, forming inosine in the result process.	Adenosine	135-144	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
22261534-2	2012	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a cytoplasmic enzyme involved in the catabolism of purine bases, capable of catalyzing the deamination of adenosine, forming inosine in the result process.	Adenosine	135-144	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
22088953-0	2012	The metabotropic glutamate receptor 4-positive allosteric modulator VU0364770 produces efficacy alone and in combination with L-DOPA or an adenosine 2A antagonist in preclinical rodent models of Parkinson"s disease.	Adenosine	139-148	glutamate metabotropic receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	4-37
22106038-3	2012	Adenosine is considered neuroprotective, but it is rapidly removed by extracellular deaminases such as adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	103-122
22106038-3	2012	Adenosine is considered neuroprotective, but it is rapidly removed by extracellular deaminases such as adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	124-127
22106038-4	2012	The present study tested the hypothesis that ADA is inhibited by 1,3-DNB as a substrate mimic, thereby preventing adenosine catabolism.	Adenosine	114-123	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	45-48
22219293-11	2012	Adenosine is generated during taste stimulation mainly by the action of the ecto-5"-nucleotidase, NT5E, and to a lesser extent, prostatic acid phosphatase.	Adenosine	0-9	acid phosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	128-154
21496101-13	2012	While A(2B) AR is the predominant proinflammatory AR subtype expressed, A(2A) AR appears to modulate inflammatory signalling (IL-6 expression) by adenosine.	Adenosine	146-155	interleukin 6	Equus caballus	126-130
21656186-11	2011	Soluble NTPDase or adenosine administration protected Cd39-deficient mice from acute reperfusion injury.	Adenosine	19-28	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	54-58
21656186-12	2011	We conclude that CD39 is protective in hepatic IRI preventing local injury and systemic inflammation in an adenosine dependent manner.	Adenosine	107-116	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	17-21
21832250-3	2011	The ability of high glucose (25 mM, 24 h) to activate caspase-1 was attenuated by either apyrase, which metabolizes extracellular ATP to AMP, or adenosine deaminase (ADA), which metabolizes extracellular adenosine to inosine.	Adenosine	145-154	caspase 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-63
21832250-6	2011	Accumulation of active caspase-1 was also increased by dipyridamole, which suppresses adenosine reuptake.	Adenosine	86-95	caspase 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-32
21985365-2	2011	Adenosine, mediated via CD39 and CD73, has been shown to play a role in the action of murine T(regs) .	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	24-28
21729107-5	2011	In contrast, the adenosine-degrading pathway contains only one major enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	97-100
21729107-6	2011	Our study shows high concentration of adenosine in diseased condition, varying expression of enzyme involved in adenosine-producing (CD73 ) and adenosine-degrading (ADA ) pathways.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	165-168
21924340-0	2011	Gastrodia elata prevents huntingtin aggregations through activation of the adenosine A2A receptor and ubiquitin proteasome system.	Adenosine	75-84	huntingtin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
21770045-1	2011	Levels of anti-inflammatory extracellular adenosine are controlled by the sequential action of the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, whose expression in CD4(+)  T cells has been associated with natural regulatory T cells (nTregs).	Adenosine	42-51	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	117-121
21770045-1	2011	Levels of anti-inflammatory extracellular adenosine are controlled by the sequential action of the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, whose expression in CD4(+)  T cells has been associated with natural regulatory T cells (nTregs).	Adenosine	42-51	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	152-155
21770045-2	2011	We here show that CD73 expression on activated murine CD4(+)  T cells is induced by TGF-beta independently of Foxp3 expression, operates at the transcriptional level and translates into gain of functional capacity to generate adenosine.	Adenosine	226-235	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	54-57
21770045-3	2011	In the presence of AMP, CD73 induced by TGF-beta generates adenosine able to suppress proliferation of activated CD4(+)  T cells in vitro.	Adenosine	59-68	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	113-116
21430704-1	2011	CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) produce immunosuppressive adenosine by degradation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	75-84	interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain	Mus musculus	6-10
21619990-4	2011	RESULTS: Both the adenosine/lidocaine/pentazocine group and the adenosine/lidocaine group got significantly better results than the hyperkalemic and hyperkalemic pentazocine groups in improving hemodynamic values, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, LVEDP, LVESP, +-dp/dt, cardiac output, cardiac troponin I values, and left ventricular ultrastructure.	Adenosine	64-73	troponin I, cardiac muscle	Sus scrofa	289-307
21267638-2	2011	Previous studies revealed that a complex of pannexin-1 with the P2X7 receptor forms a channel during IPC that results in the release of cardioprotectants such as adenosine and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) that bind to G-protein-coupled cell surface receptors triggering cardioprotective cell signaling pathways.	Adenosine	162-171	Pannexin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
21207117-7	2011	The predicted secondary structure of chicken SeW mRNA indicates that the selenocysteine insertion sequence element is type II with invariant adenosines within the apical bulge.	Adenosine	141-151	selenoprotein W	Gallus gallus	45-48
21402407-5	2011	The long-term facilitation of the frequency of Ca(2+) oscillations was mediated by endogenous adenosine generated via breakdown of extracellular ATP by ecto-ATPase.	Adenosine	94-103	CEA cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-163
21390184-2	2011	CD39/ENTPD1 is the dominant ectonucleotidase expressed by endothelial cells and regulatory T cells and catalyzes the sequential hydrolysis of ATP to AMP that is further degraded to adenosine by CD73/ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	181-190	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	0-4
21390184-2	2011	CD39/ENTPD1 is the dominant ectonucleotidase expressed by endothelial cells and regulatory T cells and catalyzes the sequential hydrolysis of ATP to AMP that is further degraded to adenosine by CD73/ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Adenosine	181-190	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	5-11
21390184-4	2011	Whether alterations in local extracellular ATP and adenosine levels as a result of CD39 bioactivity directly affect tumor growth and cytotoxicity has not been investigated to date.	Adenosine	51-60	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	83-87
21242513-2	2011	In noninfectious models of acute inflammation, activation of A2B adenosine receptors (A2BR) in extracellular adenosine-rich microenvironments causes immunosuppression.	Adenosine	65-74	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	86-90
21270276-11	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes affects the production of adenosine and the expression of A(2B)Rs that stimulate IL-6 and CRP production, insulin resistance, and the association between ADORA2B SNPs and inflammatory markers.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	176-183
21176405-4	2011	We here demonstrate that the surface molecule CD39 is coexpressed in concert with CD73 on murine MSCs catalyzing the generation of adenosine, which can directly act on activated T cells via the adenosine A2A  receptor.	Adenosine	131-140	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	46-50
21176405-5	2011	Blocking of the adenosine pathway either by the A2A receptor antagonist SCH58261 or the specific CD39 inhibitor polyoxotungstate 1 (POM-1) blocked MSC-mediated suppression of T-cell proliferation almost completely.	Adenosine	16-25	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	97-101
22086524-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: Adenosine deaminase acts on adenosine and deoxyadenosine metabolism and modulates the immune response.	Adenosine	39-48	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	11-30
22129171-7	2011	A strong correlation was found between the plasma dipyridamole concentration and the adenosine concentration (r = 0.82; P &lt; 0.01), and between the adenosine concentration and the IL-10 concentration (r = 0.88; P &lt; 0.0001), and the subsequent decrease in TNF-alpha (r = -0.54; P = 0.02).	Adenosine	150-159	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	182-187
21401303-14	2011	Moreover, deprivation of energy or blockade of adenosine action substantially decreased secretion of adiponectin.	Adenosine	47-56	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	101-112
21682185-3	2011	The genetic defect, localized to chromosome arm 13q, has been shown to affect the copper-transporting adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) gene (ATP7B) in the liver.	Adenosine	102-111	ATPase copper transporting beta	Homo sapiens	142-147
21560049-3	2011	These original studies launched the development of murine strains for the two major ectonucleotidases responsible for the generation of airway ADO from ATP release: CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	143-146	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	165-169
20840479-1	2010	The vascular ectonucleotidases CD39[ENTPD1 (ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1), EC 3.6.1.5] and CD73[EC 3.1.3.5] generate adenosine from extracellular nucleotides.	Adenosine	137-146	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	36-42
20840479-1	2010	The vascular ectonucleotidases CD39[ENTPD1 (ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1), EC 3.6.1.5] and CD73[EC 3.1.3.5] generate adenosine from extracellular nucleotides.	Adenosine	137-146	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	44-92
20590444-2	2010	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) controls adenosine level and as ecto-enzyme acts as costimulatory molecule of adenosine receptors and/or CD26.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
20590444-2	2010	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) controls adenosine level and as ecto-enzyme acts as costimulatory molecule of adenosine receptors and/or CD26.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
20590444-6	2010	Polymorphic sites of ADA might influence cell-mediated anti-tumor immune responses controlling adenosine level and extraenzymatic protein functions.	Adenosine	95-104	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
20977632-1	2010	We have shown that CD39 and CD73 are coexpressed on the surface of murine CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and generate extracellular adenosine, contributing to Treg immunosuppressive activity.	Adenosine	139-148	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	19-23
20977632-1	2010	We have shown that CD39 and CD73 are coexpressed on the surface of murine CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and generate extracellular adenosine, contributing to Treg immunosuppressive activity.	Adenosine	139-148	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	74-77
20506327-0	2010	Link between high-affinity adenosine concentrative nucleoside transporter-2 (CNT2) and energy metabolism in intestinal and liver parenchymal cells.	Adenosine	27-36	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	37-75
20506327-0	2010	Link between high-affinity adenosine concentrative nucleoside transporter-2 (CNT2) and energy metabolism in intestinal and liver parenchymal cells.	Adenosine	27-36	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	77-81
20392501-9	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that compromised adenosine transport due to variation in nucleoside transporter gene SLC29A3 in women, could predispose to depression, and could suggest new directions in treatment research.	Adenosine	50-59	solute carrier family 29 member 3	Homo sapiens	118-125
20465995-4	2010	The genetic defect is located at copper-transporting adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) gene (ATP7B).	Adenosine	53-62	ATPase copper transporting beta	Homo sapiens	93-98
20414589-2	2010	Adenosine deaminase participates in purine metabolism by converting adenosine into inosine.	Adenosine	68-77	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
20546740-1	2010	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: Adenosine mediates immune suppression and is generated by the ectonucleotidases CD39 (ENTPD1) and CD73 that are expressed on vascular endothelial cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs).	Adenosine	23-32	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	103-107
20546740-1	2010	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: Adenosine mediates immune suppression and is generated by the ectonucleotidases CD39 (ENTPD1) and CD73 that are expressed on vascular endothelial cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs).	Adenosine	23-32	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	109-115
20706956-2	2010	Adenosine and adenosine derivatives are the main regulators of purinoceptors (P1 and P2) mediated hemostasis and blood pressure.	Adenosine	0-9	crystallin gamma F, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	78-87
20706956-2	2010	Adenosine and adenosine derivatives are the main regulators of purinoceptors (P1 and P2) mediated hemostasis and blood pressure.	Adenosine	14-23	crystallin gamma F, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	78-87
20174870-1	2010	Aim of this study was to investigate whether the polymorphic ADA (Adenosine Deaminase, EC 3.5.4.4) gene, which determines the cellular level of adenosine and plays a crucial role in the regulation of the immune system and in the control of metabolic rates, is involved in longevity.	Adenosine	144-153	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	61-64
20174870-1	2010	Aim of this study was to investigate whether the polymorphic ADA (Adenosine Deaminase, EC 3.5.4.4) gene, which determines the cellular level of adenosine and plays a crucial role in the regulation of the immune system and in the control of metabolic rates, is involved in longevity.	Adenosine	144-153	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	66-85
20688392-4	2010	Forskolin, which stimulates adenylate cyclase activity, and the cAMP analogue 8-CPT-2"-O-Me-cAMP, which selectively activates the guanine exchange factor Epac1, mimicked the effect of adenosine.	Adenosine	184-193	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	154-159
20374202-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) and excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) are predominantly expressed in astrocytes where they are thought to regulate synaptic adenosine and glutamate levels.	Adenosine	192-201	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	12-50
20374202-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) and excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) are predominantly expressed in astrocytes where they are thought to regulate synaptic adenosine and glutamate levels.	Adenosine	192-201	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	52-56
20374202-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) and excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) are predominantly expressed in astrocytes where they are thought to regulate synaptic adenosine and glutamate levels.	Adenosine	192-201	solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	62-97
20374202-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) and excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) are predominantly expressed in astrocytes where they are thought to regulate synaptic adenosine and glutamate levels.	Adenosine	192-201	solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	99-104
20207043-9	2010	CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that plasma ADA amplifies the release of toxic oxygen radicals from neutrophils through a downregulation of the inhibitory adenosine/cAMP-system and an enhanced activation of the stimulatory adenosine A(1)-receptor.	Adenosine	156-165	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	45-48
20096265-1	2010	In this work, we investigated the biological functions of adenosine (ado) in metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) regulation in U87MG human glioblastoma cells.	Adenosine	58-67	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	98-103
20096265-1	2010	In this work, we investigated the biological functions of adenosine (ado) in metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) regulation in U87MG human glioblastoma cells.	Adenosine	69-72	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	98-103
20146261-1	2010	UNLABELLED: Natural killer (NK) cells play crucial roles in innate immunity and express CD39 (Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 [E-NTPD1]), a rate-limiting ectonucleotidase in the phosphohydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides to adenosine.	Adenosine	246-255	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	88-92
20146261-1	2010	UNLABELLED: Natural killer (NK) cells play crucial roles in innate immunity and express CD39 (Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 [E-NTPD1]), a rate-limiting ectonucleotidase in the phosphohydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides to adenosine.	Adenosine	246-255	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	94-143
20308611-9	2010	Together, our findings indicate that adenosine stimulates Cl(-) secretion through the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in mIMCD-K2 cells by activating apical A2b receptors and signaling through cAMP/protein kinase A.	Adenosine	37-46	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	86-137
20045081-2	2010	Adenosine-induced EC production of glutathione peroxidase1 and nitric oxide is recognized, and an anti-inflammatory mechanism has been described.	Adenosine	0-9	glutathione peroxidase 1	Homo sapiens	35-58
20102488-3	2010	The A2a adenosine receptor has already been recognized as a mediator of adenosine-dependent effects on platelet aggregation, and here we present a new role for the A2b adenosine receptor (A2bAR) in this process.	Adenosine	8-17	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	164-186
20102488-3	2010	The A2a adenosine receptor has already been recognized as a mediator of adenosine-dependent effects on platelet aggregation, and here we present a new role for the A2b adenosine receptor (A2bAR) in this process.	Adenosine	8-17	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	188-193
20102488-8	2010	Thus, the A2bAR regulates platelet function beyond mediating the immediate effect of adenosine on aggregation.	Adenosine	85-94	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	10-15
20147632-6	2010	Because ADA converts adenosine to inosine, cells lacking this enzyme might be subject to prolonged exposure to adenosine, which has immunosuppressive effects.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	8-11
20147632-6	2010	Because ADA converts adenosine to inosine, cells lacking this enzyme might be subject to prolonged exposure to adenosine, which has immunosuppressive effects.	Adenosine	111-120	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	8-11
20147632-7	2010	Indeed, we show that chronic exposure of CD8 T lymphocytes to exogenous adenosine accelerates the process of replicative senescence, causing a reduction in overall proliferative potential, reduced telomerase activity, and blunted IL-2 gene transcription.	Adenosine	72-81	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	41-44
20044808-7	2010	Because of the important role of Rac1 in the formation of actin stress fibers, we examined the effect of adenosine on stress fiber formation and found that adenosine inhibits HGF-induced stress fiber formation.	Adenosine	156-165	Rac family small GTPase 1	Homo sapiens	33-37
19924854-4	2009	AAG recognizes a wide variety of structurally disparate lesions, including deoxyinosine (I), which results from the spontaneous oxidative deamination of adenosine, and catalyzes the hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond to release the lesion base and initiate the base excision repair pathway.	Adenosine	153-162	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-3
19934879-0	2009	Opioid-induced decreases in rat brain adenosine levels are reversed by inhibiting adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	82-101
19559780-7	2009	Taking into account the important anti-inflammatory role of adenosine, ADA may provide an efficient means for scavenging cell-surrounding adenosine and play an important part in subsequent events of neonatal HI in association with GFAP reactive gliosis.	Adenosine	138-147	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
19656134-1	2009	Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) express both ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73, which in tandem hydrolyze pericellular ATP into adenosine, an immunoinhibitory molecule that contributes to Treg suppressive function.	Adenosine	124-133	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	61-65
19805374-1	2009	CD39/ENTPD1 hydrolyzes proinflammatory nucleotides to generate adenosine.	Adenosine	63-72	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	0-4
19805374-1	2009	CD39/ENTPD1 hydrolyzes proinflammatory nucleotides to generate adenosine.	Adenosine	63-72	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	5-11
19596849-5	2009	A search for the upstream origins of these effects showed that adenosine suppressed RhoA activity but only modestly affected Rac and Cdc42.	Adenosine	63-72	ras homolog family member A	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
19596849-6	2009	A RhoA kinase (ROCK) inhibitor reproduced adenosine"s effects on cofilin phosphorylation, spine actin polymerization, and LTP, whereas a Rac inhibitor did not.	Adenosine	42-51	ras homolog family member A	Rattus norvegicus	2-6
19419194-4	2009	Adenosine conformations of ATP and ADP and guanosine conformations of GMP bound to R41M and K14M mutant yeast guanylate kinase in the complexes GKy.MgATP, GKy.MgADP, and GKy.MgADP.	Adenosine	0-9	guanylate kinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	110-126
19237250-0	2009	Adenosine deaminase-adenosine pathway in hemolysis-associated pulmonary hypertension.	Adenosine	20-29	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
19237250-5	2009	Our preliminary data suggest that in HA-PH adenosine deaminase (ADA) is released from injured erythrocytes into plasma and that metabolic conversion of adenosine (ADO) to inosine by ADA reduces extracellular ADO levels.	Adenosine	43-52	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	64-67
19237250-5	2009	Our preliminary data suggest that in HA-PH adenosine deaminase (ADA) is released from injured erythrocytes into plasma and that metabolic conversion of adenosine (ADO) to inosine by ADA reduces extracellular ADO levels.	Adenosine	43-52	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	182-185
19237250-5	2009	Our preliminary data suggest that in HA-PH adenosine deaminase (ADA) is released from injured erythrocytes into plasma and that metabolic conversion of adenosine (ADO) to inosine by ADA reduces extracellular ADO levels.	Adenosine	163-166	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	64-67
19237250-5	2009	Our preliminary data suggest that in HA-PH adenosine deaminase (ADA) is released from injured erythrocytes into plasma and that metabolic conversion of adenosine (ADO) to inosine by ADA reduces extracellular ADO levels.	Adenosine	163-166	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	182-185
19237250-5	2009	Our preliminary data suggest that in HA-PH adenosine deaminase (ADA) is released from injured erythrocytes into plasma and that metabolic conversion of adenosine (ADO) to inosine by ADA reduces extracellular ADO levels.	Adenosine	208-211	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	43-62
19237250-5	2009	Our preliminary data suggest that in HA-PH adenosine deaminase (ADA) is released from injured erythrocytes into plasma and that metabolic conversion of adenosine (ADO) to inosine by ADA reduces extracellular ADO levels.	Adenosine	208-211	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	64-67
19237250-5	2009	Our preliminary data suggest that in HA-PH adenosine deaminase (ADA) is released from injured erythrocytes into plasma and that metabolic conversion of adenosine (ADO) to inosine by ADA reduces extracellular ADO levels.	Adenosine	208-211	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	182-185
19237250-8	2009	Unfortunately, under hypoxic conditions (anemia, vasoconstriction, and vaso-occlusion) in HA-PH, this "ADO negative-feed back" is abolished and the vascular protective effects of ADO are severely diminished by ADA released from injured erythrocytes.	Adenosine	103-106	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	210-213
19220293-7	2009	Nanomolar levels of ATP and adenosine also revealed a hump at the base of the dose-response relationships, although GTP did not activate at any concentration, indicating a common, high-affinity binding site on RyR2 for adenine-based compounds.	Adenosine	28-37	RYR2	Ovis aries	210-214
19281303-1	2009	BACKGROUND: Regulatory T cells (known as "Treg") express apyrases (CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) and contribute to their inhibitory function by generating adenosine.	Adenosine	163-172	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	67-71
19281303-9	2009	CONCLUSION: CD39 and CD73 expressed by Th cells contribute to local accumulation of adenosine and attenuation of gastritis, which may favor persistent infection.	Adenosine	84-93	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	12-16
18838482-0	2009	Adenosine and inflammation: CD39 and CD73 are critical mediators in LPS-induced PMN trafficking into the lungs.	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	28-32
18838482-2	2009	The main source of extracellular adenosine stems from a coordinated two-step enzymatic conversion of precursor nucleotides via the ecto-apyrase (CD39) and the ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	33-42	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	131-143
18838482-2	2009	The main source of extracellular adenosine stems from a coordinated two-step enzymatic conversion of precursor nucleotides via the ecto-apyrase (CD39) and the ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73).	Adenosine	33-42	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	145-149
19125374-3	2009	Adenosine deaminase is the enzyme for the regulation of adenosine levels.	Adenosine	56-65	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
18840621-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: Adenosine deaminase catalyzes the conversion of adenosine and deoxyadenosine to inosine and deoxyinosine, respectively.	Adenosine	59-68	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	11-30
18773908-4	2008	Unlike conventional tetraloop-receptor interactions, which are stabilized by extensive hydrogen-bonding interactions, the GANC-receptor interaction is limited to a single base stack between the conserved adenosine of the tetraloop and a single purine of the receptor, which consists of a one- to three-nucleotide bulge and does not contain an A-platform.	Adenosine	204-213	glucosidase alpha, neutral C	Homo sapiens	122-126
18653544-14	2008	CONCLUSION: Adenosine activates MMP-9 secretion by macrophages through its A3 receptor.	Adenosine	12-21	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	32-37
18653544-15	2008	The effect is in contrast to that observed in neutrophils, where Ado inhibits MMP-9 secretion by the A2a receptor.	Adenosine	65-68	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	78-83
18783211-3	2008	We have demonstrated a relationship between the various beta2-adrenergic and A1 adenosine bivalent parameters of linker and bifunctionality by using data that are drawn from in vitro assays.	Adenosine	80-89	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	56-72
18549808-1	2008	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) perpetuates chronic inflammation by degrading extracellular adenosine which is toxic for lymphocytes.	Adenosine	86-95	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
18549808-1	2008	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) perpetuates chronic inflammation by degrading extracellular adenosine which is toxic for lymphocytes.	Adenosine	86-95	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
18481082-6	2008	The HKL1 and HKL2 proteins have 6-10 amino acid insertions/deletions (indels) at the adenosine binding domain.	Adenosine	85-94	hexokinase-like 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-8
18481082-6	2008	The HKL1 and HKL2 proteins have 6-10 amino acid insertions/deletions (indels) at the adenosine binding domain.	Adenosine	85-94	Hexokinase	Arabidopsis thaliana	13-17
18424636-4	2008	Flux of nucleosides, such as adenosine and inosine, across cardiomyocyte membranes is dependent on equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 and 2 (ENT1 and ENT2).	Adenosine	29-38	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	146-150
18424636-5	2008	We have previously shown in the murine cardiomyocyte HL-1 cell line that hypoxic challenge leads to an increase in intracellular adenosine, which exits the cell via ENT1 and preconditions via A1 and A3 adenosine receptor-dependent mechanisms.	Adenosine	129-138	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	165-169
18384754-7	2008	Specifically, a functional polymorphism in the adenosine metabolizing enzyme, adenosine deaminase, contributes to the high inter-individual variability in deep slow-wave sleep duration and intensity.	Adenosine	47-56	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	78-97
18248612-3	2008	We show that adenosine and inosine efficiently rescued clonal rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells (up to 43.6%) as well as primary cerebellar granule neurons (up to 25.1%) from hypoxic insult, and furthermore, that HIF-1alpha is critical for purine-mediated neuroprotection.	Adenosine	13-22	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	213-223
18248612-7	2008	Concomitant with these results, small interfering RNA-mediated reduction of HIF-1alpha completely abolished adenosine- and inosine-mediated protection in PC12 cells and severely hampered purine nucleoside-mediated protection in primary neurons (up to 94.2%).	Adenosine	108-117	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
18076038-1	2008	The spliceosomal protein p14, a component of the SF3b complex in the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP), is essential for the U2 snRNP to recognize the branch site adenosine.	Adenosine	172-181	ribonuclease P/MRP subunit p14	Homo sapiens	25-28
18371949-5	2008	Coadministration of adenosine (a substrate of both CNT1 and CNT2), thymidine (a CNT1 substrate) and inosine (a CNT2 substrate) significantly suppressed the intestinal mizoribine absorption, depending on the nucleoside concentrations coadministered.	Adenosine	20-29	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-55
18005245-11	2008	CONCLUSION: The study shows that Ado activates the p38 MAPK/MK2 pathway in vascular smooth muscle via an intracellular action, which results in an increased MLC(20) phosphorylation in concert with increased calcium sensitivity of the contractile apparatus.	Adenosine	33-36	myosin, light polypeptide 9, regulatory	Mus musculus	157-164
18384819-0	2008	Enhancement of long-term potentiation by brain-derived neurotrophic factor requires adenosine A2A receptor activation by endogenous adenosine.	Adenosine	84-93	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	41-74
18384819-5	2008	In an adenosine depleted background (with ADA), activation of adenosine A2A receptors (with 10nM CGS21680) restored the facilitatory effect of BDNF on LTP; this was fully prevented by the protein kinase A inhibitor, H-89 (1 microM) and mimicked by the adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin (10 microM).	Adenosine	6-15	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	143-147
18384819-8	2008	Since extracellular adenosine accumulates upon high-frequency neuronal firing, the present results reveal a key process to allow the influence of BDNF upon synaptic plasticity.	Adenosine	20-29	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	146-150
18340377-6	2008	Further genetic and pharmacologic evidence demonstrated that A2B adenosine receptor-mediated (A2BR-mediated) cAMP and cGMP induction was required for elevated adenosine-induced prolonged penile erection.	Adenosine	65-74	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	94-98
18340377-8	2008	Thus, we have shown that excessive adenosine accumulation in the penis contributes to priapism through increased A2BR signaling in both Ada -/- and SCD transgenic mice.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	113-117
18298907-6	2008	Adenosine or normal saline was given when the guiding wire crossed the lesion through percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), then the balloon was dilated and stent (Cypher/Cypher select) was implanted at the lesion.	Adenosine	0-9	LIM domain binding 3	Homo sapiens	168-174
18298907-6	2008	Adenosine or normal saline was given when the guiding wire crossed the lesion through percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), then the balloon was dilated and stent (Cypher/Cypher select) was implanted at the lesion.	Adenosine	0-9	LIM domain binding 3	Homo sapiens	175-181
18054436-3	2008	When extracellular endogenous adenosine was removed using adenosine deaminase (ADA, 1U/ml), the enhancement (57.2+/-3.7%) caused by VIP on GABA release was prevented.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	58-77
18054436-3	2008	When extracellular endogenous adenosine was removed using adenosine deaminase (ADA, 1U/ml), the enhancement (57.2+/-3.7%) caused by VIP on GABA release was prevented.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
18062933-0	2008	Tenascin C interacts with ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN) and regulates adenosine generation in cancer cells.	Adenosine	66-75	tenascin C	Homo sapiens	0-10
18062933-4	2008	We found that tenascin C was the only ECM component that strongly inhibited ecto-5"-nucleotidase (eN) activity in situ and adenosine generation from AMP (75% inhibition, p &lt; 0.01).	Adenosine	123-132	tenascin C	Homo sapiens	14-24
18062933-11	2008	These data suggest that eN is a novel and specific receptor for tenascin C and that the interaction between these proteins may influence cell adhesion and migration and also lead to decreased generation of local adenosine.	Adenosine	212-221	tenascin C	Homo sapiens	64-74
18582595-0	2008	Adenosine-stimulated adrenal steroidogenesis involves the adenosine A2A and A2B receptors and the Janus kinase 2-mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	98-112
18582595-6	2008	Inhibition of Janus kinase 2 prevented the adenosine-induced steroidogenesis and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, demonstrating that Janus kinase 2 was the upstream effector of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase pathway.	Adenosine	43-52	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	14-28
18582595-6	2008	Inhibition of Janus kinase 2 prevented the adenosine-induced steroidogenesis and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, demonstrating that Janus kinase 2 was the upstream effector of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase pathway.	Adenosine	43-52	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	210-224
18582595-8	2008	In conclusion, these data show that adenosine-stimulated steroidogenesis is mediated via the A2A and A2B adenosine receptors, activation of which triggers the Janus kinase 2-mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade and 3",5"-cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element binding protein phosphorylation.	Adenosine	36-45	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	159-173
18031938-4	2007	TNAP hydrolyzes nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates and produces the P1 receptor agonist adenosine.	Adenosine	95-104	alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney	Mus musculus	0-4
17705048-1	2007	Adenosine is known to inhibit inflammatory responses in many cell systems via a family of purine receptors termed "P1."	Adenosine	0-9	crystallin gamma F, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	114-117
17696452-14	2007	This study shows that adenosine elimination on human airway epithelia is mediated by ADA1, CNT2, and CNT3, which constitute important regulators of adenosine-mediated inflammation.	Adenosine	22-31	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	91-95
17696452-14	2007	This study shows that adenosine elimination on human airway epithelia is mediated by ADA1, CNT2, and CNT3, which constitute important regulators of adenosine-mediated inflammation.	Adenosine	148-157	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	91-95
17446223-6	2007	Breakdown of adenosine by adenosine deaminase was the major source of the inosine/hypoxanthine tone.	Adenosine	13-22	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	26-45
17400763-6	2007	We also demonstrated that the degradation of adenosine with adenosine deaminase, the knockdown of A(3) adenosine receptor expression by gene silencing, and the blockade of this receptor through A(3) receptor antagonists blocked the hypoxia-induced phosphorylation of Bad and the prolonged cell survival after treatment with paclitaxel in hypoxia.	Adenosine	45-54	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	60-79
17374532-4	2007	In the present study, we examined the effect of adenosine at increasing concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 microM on the IL-18-enhanced expression of ICAM-1, production of IFN-gamma and IL-12 and lymphocyte proliferation during human mixed lymphocyte reaction.	Adenosine	48-57	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	125-130
17368618-5	2007	Furthermore, the blockade of endogenous adenosine by adenosine deaminase or DPCPX attenuated dopamine D(1) receptor desensitization.	Adenosine	40-49	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	53-72
17368195-5	2007	These developmental defects were reduced by adenosine depletion, consistent with the proposed function of the CG9753 product as an AdoR.	Adenosine	44-53	Adenosine receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	110-116
17368195-5	2007	These developmental defects were reduced by adenosine depletion, consistent with the proposed function of the CG9753 product as an AdoR.	Adenosine	44-53	Adenosine receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	131-135
17368195-7	2007	Our results suggest that AdoR is an essential part of the adenosine signaling pathway and Drosophila offers a unique opportunity to use genetic analysis to study conserved aspects of the adenosine signaling pathway.	Adenosine	58-67	Adenosine receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	25-29
17368195-7	2007	Our results suggest that AdoR is an essential part of the adenosine signaling pathway and Drosophila offers a unique opportunity to use genetic analysis to study conserved aspects of the adenosine signaling pathway.	Adenosine	187-196	Adenosine receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	25-29
17332375-3	2007	Instability is dramatically enhanced by transcription and modulated by nuclear excision repair and a regulator of DNA repair adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB)-binding protein-a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) whose decreased activity contributes to polyQ disease.	Adenosine	125-134	nejire	Drosophila melanogaster	196-217
17353435-2	2007	Once generated, adenosine can activate cell-surface adenosine receptors (A1 AR, A2A AR, A2B AR, A3 AR).	Adenosine	16-25	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	88-94
17353435-9	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, pharmacological and genetic evidence demonstrate the importance of CD73-dependent adenosine generation and signaling through A2B AR for cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning and suggests 5"-nucleotidase or A2B AR agonists as therapy for myocardial ischemia.	Adenosine	111-120	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	154-160
18404431-9	2007	Furthermore, CD39 serves as an integral component of the suppressive machinery of Treg, acting, at least in part, through the modulation of pericellular levels of adenosine.	Adenosine	163-172	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	13-17
17030044-3	2007	Facilitation of fEPSP slope by 1 nM VIP (23.3+/-1.3%) was turned into an inhibition (-12.1+/-3.4%) when extracellular endogenous adenosine was removed using adenosine deaminase (ADA, 1U/ml).	Adenosine	129-138	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	157-176
17030044-3	2007	Facilitation of fEPSP slope by 1 nM VIP (23.3+/-1.3%) was turned into an inhibition (-12.1+/-3.4%) when extracellular endogenous adenosine was removed using adenosine deaminase (ADA, 1U/ml).	Adenosine	129-138	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	178-181
17056121-10	2007	Specifically, we will delineate how adenosine affects the production of superoxide, nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-12, IL-10, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).	Adenosine	36-45	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	153-158
17065216-1	2006	Adenosine is known to stimulate interleukin (IL)-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion from pituitary TtT/GF folliculostellate [corrected] (FS) cells indicating that it is an important paracrine regulator of anterior pituitary function.	Adenosine	0-9	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	55-89
17065216-1	2006	Adenosine is known to stimulate interleukin (IL)-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion from pituitary TtT/GF folliculostellate [corrected] (FS) cells indicating that it is an important paracrine regulator of anterior pituitary function.	Adenosine	0-9	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	91-95
17038639-5	2006	Metabolism of extracellular ATP to adenosine required PMNs, and studies addressing these metabolic steps revealed that PMN express surface ecto-apyrase (CD39).	Adenosine	35-44	tubulin-specific chaperone E	Mus musculus	54-57
17100836-0	2006	Nitric oxide-induced adenosine inhibition of hippocampal synaptic transmission depends on adenosine kinase inhibition and is cyclic GMP independent.	Adenosine	21-30	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	132-135
16823836-0	2006	Adenosine upregulates CXCR4 and enhances the proliferative and migratory responses of human carcinoma cells to CXCL12/SDF-1alpha.	Adenosine	0-9	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	22-27
16823836-5	2006	We show here that adenosine acts through A(2A) and A(2B) adenosine receptors on human colorectal carcinoma cells to upregulate CXCR4 mRNA expression up to 10-fold and selectively increases cell-surface CXCR4 protein up to 3-fold.	Adenosine	18-27	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	127-132
16823836-5	2006	We show here that adenosine acts through A(2A) and A(2B) adenosine receptors on human colorectal carcinoma cells to upregulate CXCR4 mRNA expression up to 10-fold and selectively increases cell-surface CXCR4 protein up to 3-fold.	Adenosine	18-27	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	202-207
16823836-7	2006	Adenosine may therefore be one of the factors within the tumor microenvironment that facilitates tumor dissemination, by upregulating CXCR4 on certain cancer cells and enhancing cellular responses to CXCL12.	Adenosine	0-9	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	134-139
16339914-0	2006	Adenosine inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha release from mouse peritoneal macrophages via A2A and A2B but not the A3 adenosine receptor.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	101-104
16733909-0	2006	[Effect of adenosine on endothelin-1 in the infarcted reflow and no-reflow myocardium of mini-swine].	Adenosine	11-20	endothelin-1	Sus scrofa	24-36
16733909-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of adenosine on endothelin-1 (ET-1) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and reperfusion and explore the possible mechanism of no-reflow.	Adenosine	37-46	endothelin-1	Sus scrofa	50-62
16733909-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of adenosine on endothelin-1 (ET-1) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and reperfusion and explore the possible mechanism of no-reflow.	Adenosine	37-46	endothelin-1	Sus scrofa	64-68
16733909-6	2006	RESULTS: In both control group and adenosine group, compared with that at the baseline, ET-1 in blood sample significantly increased at 5 minutes and 180 minutes of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion, as well as 5 and 60 minutes of reperfusion (all P &lt; 0.01).	Adenosine	35-44	endothelin-1	Sus scrofa	88-92
16733909-7	2006	In adenosine group, the levels of ET-1 were significantly lower than those in the control group (P &lt; 0.05, P &lt; 0.01).	Adenosine	3-12	endothelin-1	Sus scrofa	34-38
16733909-8	2006	In both control group and adenosine group, compared with that in normal myocardium, ET-1 levels in both infarcted reflow and no-reflow myocardium significantly increased (both P &lt; 0.01), with the level of ET-1 in no-reflow myocardium significantly higher than that in infarcted reflow myocardium (P &lt; 0.01).	Adenosine	26-35	endothelin-1	Sus scrofa	84-88
16733909-8	2006	In both control group and adenosine group, compared with that in normal myocardium, ET-1 levels in both infarcted reflow and no-reflow myocardium significantly increased (both P &lt; 0.01), with the level of ET-1 in no-reflow myocardium significantly higher than that in infarcted reflow myocardium (P &lt; 0.01).	Adenosine	26-35	endothelin-1	Sus scrofa	208-212
16733909-9	2006	In adenosine group, the level of ET-1 in infarcted reflow myocardium was significantly lower than that in the control group (P &lt; 0.01).	Adenosine	3-12	endothelin-1	Sus scrofa	33-37
16733909-10	2006	In both control and adenosine groups, compared with that in normal myocardium, the gene expression of ET-1 in infarcted reflow myocardium was significantly up-regulated (P &lt; 0.01), while that of ET-1 in.	Adenosine	20-29	endothelin-1	Sus scrofa	102-106
16733909-10	2006	In both control and adenosine groups, compared with that in normal myocardium, the gene expression of ET-1 in infarcted reflow myocardium was significantly up-regulated (P &lt; 0.01), while that of ET-1 in.	Adenosine	20-29	endothelin-1	Sus scrofa	198-202
16733909-12	2006	In adenosine group, the level of ET-1 in infarcted reflow myocardium was significantly lower than that in the control group (P &lt; 0.01).	Adenosine	3-12	endothelin-1	Sus scrofa	33-37
16724639-11	2006	The metabolic basis of the immunodeficiency is likely related to the sensitivity of lymphocytes to the accumulation of the aberrant ADA substrates, e.g., adenosine and 2"-deoxyadenosine.	Adenosine	154-163	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	132-135
16183671-5	2006	Adenosine stimulation was associated with increased levels of intracellular cAMP and with phosphorylation and DNA binding of the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), known for its ability to stimulate fibronectin gene transcription.	Adenosine	0-9	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	129-166
16183671-5	2006	Adenosine stimulation was associated with increased levels of intracellular cAMP and with phosphorylation and DNA binding of the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), known for its ability to stimulate fibronectin gene transcription.	Adenosine	0-9	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	168-172
16183671-9	2006	Overall, our observations suggest that adenosine might modulate tissue remodeling by stimulating fibronectin expression in lung epithelial cells through induction of purinergic receptor-mediated signals that target CREB phosphorylation and stimulate fibronectin gene transcription.	Adenosine	39-48	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	215-219
16343044-0	2006	Adenosine potentiates stimulatory effects on granulocyte-macrophage hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro of IL-3 and SCF, but not those of G-CSF, GM-CSF and IL-11.	Adenosine	0-9	KIT ligand	Homo sapiens	120-123
16343044-4	2006	When suboptimal concentrations of the evaluated cytokines and growth factors were tested in the cultures in which various concentrations of adenosine were concomitantly present, mutually potentiating effects were found in the case of IL-3 and SCF.	Adenosine	140-149	KIT ligand	Homo sapiens	243-246
16339566-0	2005	Adenosine augments IL-10 production by macrophages through an A2B receptor-mediated posttranscriptional mechanism.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	62-65
16245011-1	2005	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a well-characterized enzyme involved in the depletion of adenosine levels.	Adenosine	86-95	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
16245011-1	2005	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a well-characterized enzyme involved in the depletion of adenosine levels.	Adenosine	86-95	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
16112907-3	2005	In PEG-ADA therapy, enzymatically active ADA continuously circulates to act as a metabolic sink, detoxifying the adenosine and deoxyadenosine metabolites that accumulate to high levels in the absence of ADA.	Adenosine	113-122	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	7-10
16112907-3	2005	In PEG-ADA therapy, enzymatically active ADA continuously circulates to act as a metabolic sink, detoxifying the adenosine and deoxyadenosine metabolites that accumulate to high levels in the absence of ADA.	Adenosine	113-122	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	41-44
16112907-3	2005	In PEG-ADA therapy, enzymatically active ADA continuously circulates to act as a metabolic sink, detoxifying the adenosine and deoxyadenosine metabolites that accumulate to high levels in the absence of ADA.	Adenosine	113-122	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	41-44
16202036-3	2005	However, in the presence of adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitor, EHNA, adenosine and deoxyadenosine led to significant growth inhibition of cells of the lines tested.	Adenosine	28-37	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	49-52
16177079-2	2005	Adenosine is an endogenous ligand for four different adenosine receptor (AdoR) subtypes (AdoRA1, AdoRA2A, AdoRA2B, and AdoRA3).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	106-113
16046395-5	2005	Transfection into Chinese hamster ovary cells of a cDNA representing only the coding region of OPRM1, carrying adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, and thymidine in position 118, resulted in 1.5-fold lower mRNA levels only for OPRM1-G118, and more than 10-fold lower OPRM1 protein levels, measured by Western blotting and receptor binding assay.	Adenosine	111-120	mu-type opioid receptor	Cricetulus griseus	95-100
15802613-4	2005	In this study, we hypothesize that the cytoprotective effect of adenosine involves an increase in the activity of GPx-1.	Adenosine	64-73	glutathione peroxidase 1	Homo sapiens	114-119
15802613-10	2005	Both pharmacological inhibition and siRNA knockdown of GPx-1 attenuated the protective affect of adenosine/EHNA treatment, indicating that the adenosine-induced increase in GPx-1 contributes to an increase in cellular protection against oxidative stress.	Adenosine	97-106	glutathione peroxidase 1	Homo sapiens	55-60
15802613-10	2005	Both pharmacological inhibition and siRNA knockdown of GPx-1 attenuated the protective affect of adenosine/EHNA treatment, indicating that the adenosine-induced increase in GPx-1 contributes to an increase in cellular protection against oxidative stress.	Adenosine	97-106	glutathione peroxidase 1	Homo sapiens	173-178
15802613-10	2005	Both pharmacological inhibition and siRNA knockdown of GPx-1 attenuated the protective affect of adenosine/EHNA treatment, indicating that the adenosine-induced increase in GPx-1 contributes to an increase in cellular protection against oxidative stress.	Adenosine	143-152	glutathione peroxidase 1	Homo sapiens	55-60
15802613-10	2005	Both pharmacological inhibition and siRNA knockdown of GPx-1 attenuated the protective affect of adenosine/EHNA treatment, indicating that the adenosine-induced increase in GPx-1 contributes to an increase in cellular protection against oxidative stress.	Adenosine	143-152	glutathione peroxidase 1	Homo sapiens	173-178
15802613-11	2005	These data suggest that adenosine may protect the cardiovascular system from ischemia/reperfusion injury, in part, by enhancing the expression of the central intracellular antioxidant enzyme, GPx-1.	Adenosine	24-33	glutathione peroxidase 1	Homo sapiens	192-197
15812856-7	2005	The apparent K(m) value was calculated for adenosine and found to be 3.63 x 10(-3) M, which indicates high affinity of adenosine deaminase for its substrate adenosine.	Adenosine	43-52	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	119-138
15522276-6	2004	Adenosine, CPA and Cl-IB-MECA-mediated PKB phosphorylation were inhibited by pertussis toxin (PTX blocks G(i)/G(o)-protein), genistein (tyrosine kinase inhibitor), PP2 (Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor) and by the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG 1478.	Adenosine	0-9	epidermal growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	211-249
15458461-1	2004	BACKGROUND: We previously showed that high intralymphocytic adenosine (Ado) concentrations are found in hemodialyzed patients due to the reduced activity of mononuclear cell adenosine deaminase (MCADA).	Adenosine	71-74	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	174-193
15234106-12	2004	It was also shown that endogenous adenosine, activating A(2A) receptors coupled to the adenylate cyclase/cyclic AMP transducing system, is tonically downregulating this nAChR-mediated control of [3H]-ACh release.	Adenosine	34-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	169-174
15294291-2	2004	The A2a-GFP protein was able to bind adenosine analogs indicating that the GFP tag did not alter the ligand binding activity of the receptor.	Adenosine	37-46	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	4-7
15292329-0	2004	Permanent neonatal diabetes due to paternal germline mosaicism for an activating mutation of the KCNJ11 Gene encoding the Kir6.2 subunit of the beta-cell potassium adenosine triphosphate channel.	Adenosine	164-173	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 11	Homo sapiens	97-103
15292329-0	2004	Permanent neonatal diabetes due to paternal germline mosaicism for an activating mutation of the KCNJ11 Gene encoding the Kir6.2 subunit of the beta-cell potassium adenosine triphosphate channel.	Adenosine	164-173	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 11	Homo sapiens	122-128
15258586-2	2004	In vitro, ethanol stimulates adenosine signaling by inhibiting the type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1), whereas chronic ethanol exposure downregulates ENT1.	Adenosine	29-38	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	112-116
15275960-5	2004	The adenosine current was enhanced in duration by equilibrative nucleoside-transport (rENT1) inhibitor S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (1 microM) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (1 microM), and slowed in falling phase by adenosine kinase (AK) inhibitor iodotubercidine (1 microM).	Adenosine	4-13	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	150-169
15275960-5	2004	The adenosine current was enhanced in duration by equilibrative nucleoside-transport (rENT1) inhibitor S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (1 microM) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (1 microM), and slowed in falling phase by adenosine kinase (AK) inhibitor iodotubercidine (1 microM).	Adenosine	4-13	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	171-174
15240680-9	2004	Collectively, these findings suggest that adenosine acts through A(2) receptors and associated cAMP/protein kinase A-dependent signaling pathways to activate SHP-2 and cause STAT5 dephosphorylation that results in reduced IL-2R signaling in T cells.	Adenosine	42-51	interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain	Mus musculus	222-227
15508788-1	2004	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an unique enzyme which catalyzes conversion of adenosine and 2"-deoxyadenosine to inosine and 2"-deoxyinosine respectively.	Adenosine	76-85	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
15508788-1	2004	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an unique enzyme which catalyzes conversion of adenosine and 2"-deoxyadenosine to inosine and 2"-deoxyinosine respectively.	Adenosine	76-85	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
15146241-2	2004	CD39, the major vascular nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase), converts ATP and ADP to AMP, which is further degraded to the antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory mediator adenosine.	Adenosine	187-196	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	0-4
15044622-9	2004	Although hCNT1 bound several adenosine analogs relatively well, it did not transport 2-chloro-2"-deoxyadenosine (cladribine) or 2-fluoro-9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine (fludarabine), whereas hCNT2 transported both, albeit with low activities.	Adenosine	29-38	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	9-14
15044622-10	2004	The results indicated that although hCNT1 and hCNT2 possess some overlap in transport of several uridine and adenosine analogs, they also exhibit distinct differences in capacity to interact with some adenosine receptor ligands, adenosine-based drugs, and nicotine.	Adenosine	109-118	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	36-41
15044622-10	2004	The results indicated that although hCNT1 and hCNT2 possess some overlap in transport of several uridine and adenosine analogs, they also exhibit distinct differences in capacity to interact with some adenosine receptor ligands, adenosine-based drugs, and nicotine.	Adenosine	109-118	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	46-51
15044622-10	2004	The results indicated that although hCNT1 and hCNT2 possess some overlap in transport of several uridine and adenosine analogs, they also exhibit distinct differences in capacity to interact with some adenosine receptor ligands, adenosine-based drugs, and nicotine.	Adenosine	201-210	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	36-41
15044622-10	2004	The results indicated that although hCNT1 and hCNT2 possess some overlap in transport of several uridine and adenosine analogs, they also exhibit distinct differences in capacity to interact with some adenosine receptor ligands, adenosine-based drugs, and nicotine.	Adenosine	201-210	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	46-51
15044529-2	2004	We now investigated how adenosine influences the action of BDNF on synaptic transmission in the CA1 area of the rat hippocampal slices.	Adenosine	24-33	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	59-63
15044529-7	2004	Activation of adenosine A(2A) receptors with CGS 21680 (10 nm), or the increase in extracellular adenosine levels induced by 5-iodotubercidin (100 nm) triggered the excitatory action of BDNF, a process prevented by ZM 241385 and by H-89.	Adenosine	14-23	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	186-190
15044529-9	2004	It is concluded that presynaptic activity-dependent release of adenosine, through activation of A(2A) receptors, facilitates BDNF modulation of synaptic transmission at hippocampal synapses.	Adenosine	63-72	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	125-129
14978343-3	2004	Because most cells and tissues co-express P1 and P2 receptors, ecto-nucleotidase on target tissues, especially enzymes catalyzing adenosine formation, are determinants of the cellular response to ATP.	Adenosine	130-139	crystallin gamma F, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	42-80
14978347-0	2004	ATP- and adenosine-mediated signaling in the central nervous system: chronic pain and microglia: involvement of the ATP receptor P2X4.	Adenosine	9-18	purinergic receptor P2X 4	Rattus norvegicus	129-133
14706628-4	2004	Adenine nucleosides and nucleotides are deaminated by adenosine deaminase and AMP deaminase to their corresponding inosine derivatives which, in turn, may be further degraded.	Adenosine	0-19	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	54-73
14695279-0	2004	Comparison of the effect of water release on the interaction of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae TATA binding protein (TBP) with "TATA Box" sequences composed of adenosine or inosine.	Adenosine	158-167	TATA-binding protein	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	93-113
14695279-0	2004	Comparison of the effect of water release on the interaction of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae TATA binding protein (TBP) with "TATA Box" sequences composed of adenosine or inosine.	Adenosine	158-167	TATA-binding protein	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	115-118
14695279-7	2004	Although the affinity of TBP is slightly greater for the adenosine compared with the inosine-substituted TATA sequence in the absence of osmolyte, the end-to-end distances of the bound DNA in complex with TBP, the enthalpic and electrostatic components of binding, are identical within experimental precision.	Adenosine	57-66	TATA-binding protein	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	25-28
14668133-5	2004	Apparent affinities were higher than for hCNT1, with apparent K(m) values of 1.5-6.3 microM for adenosine, uridine and gemcitabine, and 112 and 130 microM, respectively, for AZT and ddC.	Adenosine	96-105	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	41-46
14668133-6	2004	Unlike the relatively low translocation capacity of hCNT1 and rCNT1 for adenosine, NupC exhibited broadly similar apparent V(max) values for adenosine, uridine and nucleoside drugs.	Adenosine	72-81	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	52-57
15113027-2	2004	As such, we found some theoretical descriptors to which the binding affinity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) towards several adenine nucleosides as inhibitors is correlated.	Adenosine	122-141	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	80-99
14651954-0	2003	Adenosine stimulates CREB activation in macrophages via a p38 MAPK-mediated mechanism.	Adenosine	0-9	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	21-25
14651954-3	2003	Since adenosine receptor occupancy has been associated with activation of the cAMP-PKA system as well as of p38 MAPK and p42/44 MAPK, all of which can activate the CREB transcription factor system, we hypothesized that adenosine would activate CREB in macrophages.	Adenosine	6-15	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	164-168
14651954-3	2003	Since adenosine receptor occupancy has been associated with activation of the cAMP-PKA system as well as of p38 MAPK and p42/44 MAPK, all of which can activate the CREB transcription factor system, we hypothesized that adenosine would activate CREB in macrophages.	Adenosine	6-15	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	244-248
14651954-4	2003	Using RAW 264.7 macrophages, we found that extracellular adenosine enhanced CREB transcriptional activity and increased phosphorylation of nuclear CREB.	Adenosine	57-66	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	76-80
14651954-4	2003	Using RAW 264.7 macrophages, we found that extracellular adenosine enhanced CREB transcriptional activity and increased phosphorylation of nuclear CREB.	Adenosine	57-66	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	147-151
14663004-1	2003	Recently evidence has been presented that adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors form functional heteromeric receptor complexes as demonstrated in human neuroblastoma cells and mouse fibroblast Ltk- cells.	Adenosine	42-51	leukocyte tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	195-198
14625066-1	2003	Elimination of adenosine by addition of adenosine deaminase (ADA) to the media leads to alterations in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in cerebellar granular cells.	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	40-59
14625066-1	2003	Elimination of adenosine by addition of adenosine deaminase (ADA) to the media leads to alterations in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in cerebellar granular cells.	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	61-64
14630012-3	2003	We found by Northern hybridization and enzyme assay that ecto-5(")-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase (ADA), major enzymes responsible for the production and degradation of adenosine, respectively, were localized most abundantly in the leptomeninges within the rat brain.	Adenosine	84-93	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
14630012-5	2003	In vivo microdialysis demonstrated that externally applied adenosine was rapidly metabolized by ADA to inosine in the subarachnoid space.	Adenosine	59-68	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	96-99
14630012-6	2003	Perfusion of an ADA inhibitor, coformycin, increased the extracellular adenosine level in the subarachnoid space under the rostral basal forebrain.	Adenosine	71-80	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
14630012-8	2003	These results demonstrate that the leptomeninges control the extracellular level of adenosine in the subarachnoid space by their high 5(")-nucleotidase and ADA activities and regulate non-rapid eye movement sleep.	Adenosine	84-93	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	156-159
14659095-5	2003	In CA1 pyramidal neurons of hippocampal slices, a similar synaptic suppression was also produced by adenosine, an immediate degradation product of ATP released by glial cells.	Adenosine	100-109	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	3-6
14635203-1	2003	Imatinib mesylate targets the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding sites of the protein tyrosine kinase domains associated with Bcr-abl, the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and c-kit.	Adenosine	30-39	ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	128-135
12970348-4	2003	GRP94 also binds selectively to a series of substituted adenosine analogs.	Adenosine	56-65	heat shock protein 90 beta family member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
14563484-10	2003	Adenosine was metabolized by cellular adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	38-57
12939345-6	2003	Subsequent studies revealed that ATP is coordinately hydrolyzed to adenosine at the endothelial cell surface by hypoxia-induced CD39 and CD73 (&gt;20-and &gt;12-fold increase in mRNA, respectively).	Adenosine	67-76	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	128-132
12891548-1	2003	BACKGROUND & AIMS: We recently put forward arguments in favor of ABCB4 gene (adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette, subfamily B, member 4) defects as a risk factor for symptomatic cholelithiasis in adults.	Adenosine	77-86	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
12832717-1	2003	Acute hypoxia induces a decrease in plasma renin activity (PRA), mediated, e.g., by an increase in adenosine concentration, calcium channel activity, or inhibition of ATP-sensitive potassium channels.	Adenosine	99-108	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	43-48
12668251-0	2003	Spinal adenosine agonist reduces c-fos and astrocyte activation in dorsal horn of rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis.	Adenosine	7-16	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	33-38
12603136-0	2003	Design of an adenosine analogue that selectively improves the affinity of a mutant U1A protein for RNA.	Adenosine	13-22	small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide A	Homo sapiens	83-86
12592005-1	2003	Adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA, ADAR, catalyzes the conversion of adenosine into inosine within double-stranded RNA.	Adenosine	72-81	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
12606947-7	2003	Adenosine also suppressed NF-kappaB-dependent reporter gene expression activated by TNF or by overexpression of TNFR1, TRAF 2, NIK, and p65 subunit of NF-kappaB.	Adenosine	0-9	TNF receptor associated factor 2	Homo sapiens	119-125
12213273-10	2002	In short, this study in astrocytes demonstrates that under physiological Ca(2+) and adenylate cyclase stimulation an elevation of cAMP production is achieved that is mediated by PLC/IP(3)- and CaMKII-dependent pathways and results in the release of endogenous adenosine which acts at G(s) protein-coupled A(2A) receptors.	Adenosine	260-269	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, beta	Mus musculus	178-199
12009410-5	2002	Furthermore, it was observed that the 1,5-anhydroaltritol triphosphate analogue of adenosine was a poor substrate for terminal transferase and that HNA could not act as a primer for this enzyme.	Adenosine	83-92	DNA nucleotidylexotransferase	Homo sapiens	118-138
11907094-7	2002	Bob1 transactivation only occurs with select octamer sequences that have an adenosine at position 5 (ATGCAAAT).	Adenosine	76-85	POU class 2 homeobox associating factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
11896460-4	2002	The SNPs investigated here are guanine (G) to adenosine (A) substitutions in the TNFalpha and lymphotoxin alpha (LTalpha) genes.	Adenosine	46-55	lymphotoxin alpha	Homo sapiens	94-111
11896460-4	2002	The SNPs investigated here are guanine (G) to adenosine (A) substitutions in the TNFalpha and lymphotoxin alpha (LTalpha) genes.	Adenosine	46-55	lymphotoxin alpha	Homo sapiens	113-120
11717194-5	2001	Moreover, the adherence of IL-1beta-stimulated HGF to activated lymphocytes was also inhibited by adenosine, which is in part explained by the fact that adenosine down-regulated the IL-1beta-induced expression of ICAM-1 on HGF.	Adenosine	98-107	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	213-219
11717194-5	2001	Moreover, the adherence of IL-1beta-stimulated HGF to activated lymphocytes was also inhibited by adenosine, which is in part explained by the fact that adenosine down-regulated the IL-1beta-induced expression of ICAM-1 on HGF.	Adenosine	153-162	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	213-219
11487728-5	2001	The A-11 clone yielded [3H]-adenosine flux ratios of 400 to 500 after injection of cRNA in oocytes.	Adenosine	28-37	selectin L	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
11520165-11	2001	In addition, UTP and adenosine 5"-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (ATPgammas) induced a calcium response, but 2-methylthio-ATP (2-MeSATP), ADP, and adenosine did not induce a significant increase in [Ca(2+)]ic, substantiating that the P2Y2 purinoceptor was dominant.	Adenosine	21-30	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Homo sapiens	226-230
11404469-3	2001	Fibroblasts were engineered to release adenosine by inactivating the adenosine-metabolizing enzymes adenosine kinase and adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	39-48	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	121-140
11404469-3	2001	Fibroblasts were engineered to release adenosine by inactivating the adenosine-metabolizing enzymes adenosine kinase and adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	69-78	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	121-140
11405812-1	2001	BACKGROUND: The defective gene (ATP7B) that causes Wilson disease (WD) codes for a putative copper-transporting P-type adenosine triphosphatase.	Adenosine	119-128	ATPase copper transporting beta	Homo sapiens	32-37
11306717-2	2001	Desensitization and internalization of A(1)R is modulated by adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme that regulates the extracellular concentration of adenosine.	Adenosine	61-70	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	82-85
11282248-2	2001	RNA encoding the human serotonin 5-HT2C receptor (5-HT(2C)R) undergoes adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing events at five positions, resulting in an alteration of amino acids in the second intracellular loop.	Adenosine	71-80	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens	23-48
11223943-3	2001	Furthermore, knock-out of ADO1 led to adenosine excretion in the medium and resistance to the toxic adenosine analogue cordycepin.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine kinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	26-30
11223943-3	2001	Furthermore, knock-out of ADO1 led to adenosine excretion in the medium and resistance to the toxic adenosine analogue cordycepin.	Adenosine	100-109	adenosine kinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	26-30
11248116-9	2001	Therefore, adenosine acting through the A(2A) receptors exerts a trophic effect through the engagement of Trk receptors.	Adenosine	11-20	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-109
11099417-3	2000	We identified seven different mutations in two adjacent, oppositely oriented genes that encode new members of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family (six mutations in ABCG8 and one in ABCG5) in nine patients with sitosterolemia.	Adenosine	114-123	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 8	Homo sapiens	203-208
11070497-7	2000	Ado also suppressed the induction of two stress proteins HSC70 and HSP27.	Adenosine	0-3	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8	Homo sapiens	57-62
11050179-5	2000	Adenoviral expression of mutant PTX-insensitive (PTX-i) Galpha(i1-3) or Galpha(o) subunits rescued adenosine-induced presynaptic inhibition in cultured hippocampal neurons.	Adenosine	99-108	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1A	Rattus norvegicus	56-65
11067872-2	2000	CD26-bound ADA has been postulated to regulate extracellular adenosine levels and to modulate the costimulatory function of CD26 on T lymphocytes.	Adenosine	61-70	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	11-14
11069623-5	2000	Interestingly, coincubation with adenosine deaminase reverses the antiproliferative action of adenosine and exerts no effect on the antiproliferative activity of the adenine nucleotides, thus supporting a model in which adenine nucleotides are enzymatically converted to adenosine and transported into the keratinocyte in a tightly coupled and adenosine-deaminase-resistant manner.	Adenosine	94-103	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	33-52
10950861-6	2000	Uridine-induced currents in voltage-clamped oocytes expressing rCNT1 were sodium-, voltage-, and concentration-dependent (K(0.5) = 21 microM), and were blocked by adenosine.	Adenosine	163-172	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-68
10816561-9	2000	In [(3)H]NECA displacement assays, GRP94 displayed binding interactions with ATP, dATP, ADP, AMP, cAMP, and adenosine, but not GTP, CTP, or UTP.	Adenosine	108-117	heat shock protein 90 beta family member 1	Homo sapiens	35-40
10816561-11	2000	A hypothesis on the regulation of GRP94 conformation and activity by adenosine-based ligand(s) other than ATP and ADP is presented.	Adenosine	69-78	heat shock protein 90 beta family member 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
10758091-13	2000	Thus adenosine antagonists initiate persistent spiking in the CA3 region; this activity does not depend on continued occupation of adenosine receptors by antagonists, and can be blocked by treatments that prevent NMDA receptor-dependent plasticity.	Adenosine	5-14	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
10670423-6	2000	Treatment of sections and membranes with adenosine deaminase (ADase), which is typically used in adenosine assays to eliminate endogenous adenosine, reduced basal [35S]GTPgammaS binding.	Adenosine	41-50	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	62-67
10670423-6	2000	Treatment of sections and membranes with adenosine deaminase (ADase), which is typically used in adenosine assays to eliminate endogenous adenosine, reduced basal [35S]GTPgammaS binding.	Adenosine	97-106	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	41-60
10670423-6	2000	Treatment of sections and membranes with adenosine deaminase (ADase), which is typically used in adenosine assays to eliminate endogenous adenosine, reduced basal [35S]GTPgammaS binding.	Adenosine	97-106	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	62-67
10670423-8	2000	These results suggest that endogenous adenosine contributes significantly to basal [35S]GTPgammaS binding in certain brain regions, and that this activity may be reduced by the addition of ADase, thus improving the signal:noise ratio of agonist-stimulated [35S]GTPgammaS binding.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	189-194
10615945-5	2000	Adenosine deaminase, at concentrations sufficient to metabolize endogenous adenosine, decreased insulin-stimulated leptin release.	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
10683613-7	2000	In addition, elimination of adenosine by adenosine deaminase (10 U/ml) slightly increased the adenylate cyclase activity to 82 +/- 9.	Adenosine	28-37	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	41-60
10600536-3	1999	In this report we demonstrate that the zebrafish Pax2 PD can interact with a novel type of DNA sequences in vitro, the triple-A motif, consisting of a heptameric nucleotide sequence G/CAAACA/TC with an invariant core of three adjacent adenosines.	Adenosine	235-245	paired box 2a	Danio rerio	49-53
10583373-2	1999	In addition, human DPPIV, also known as the T-cell activation antigen CD26, binds adenosine deaminase (ADA) to the T-cell surface, thus protecting the T-cell from adenosine-mediated inhibition of proliferation.	Adenosine	82-91	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	103-106
10588214-6	1999	RESULTS: Pressure-derived CFI (CFI(p)) decreased under adenosine in patients with poor collaterals, and it increased in the group with good collaterals.	Adenosine	55-64	complement factor I	Homo sapiens	31-37
10588214-6	1999	RESULTS: Pressure-derived CFI (CFI(p)) decreased under adenosine in patients with poor collaterals, and it increased in the group with good collaterals.	Adenosine	55-64	complement factor I	Homo sapiens	26-29
10588214-7	1999	There were inverse correlations between the adenosine-induced change in CFI(p) and the change in R(coll) (r = 0.61, p = 0.0001).	Adenosine	44-53	complement factor I	Homo sapiens	72-78
10492519-0	1999	The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal potently and selectively inhibits synaptic plasma membrane ecto-ATPase activity, a putative regulator of synaptic ATP and adenosine.	Adenosine	170-179	CEA cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-118
10459555-8	1999	ADA is a polymorphic enzyme that irreversibly deaminates adenosine to inosine, contributing to the regulation of intracellular and extracellular concentrations of adenosine.	Adenosine	57-66	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-3
10459555-8	1999	ADA is a polymorphic enzyme that irreversibly deaminates adenosine to inosine, contributing to the regulation of intracellular and extracellular concentrations of adenosine.	Adenosine	163-172	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-3
10405226-2	1999	Hepatic excretion of copper is impaired due to mutation of the gene for a copper-transporting adenosine triphosphatase, ATP7B.	Adenosine	94-103	ATPase copper transporting beta	Homo sapiens	120-125
10413060-0	1999	Adenosine stimulates ANP expression in cultured ventricular cardiomyocytes.	Adenosine	0-9	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
10413060-4	1999	In vivo, adenosine infusion has been shown to induce a rapid increase in plasma ANP, independent of blood pressure.	Adenosine	9-18	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
10413060-5	1999	We examined the possibility that adenosine enhances ANP-gene expression in cardiac myocytes.	Adenosine	33-42	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
10413060-6	1999	Administration of adenosine (10 microM) to cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes led to a 1.7-fold increase (p = 0.014, n = 9) in the abundance of ANP messenger RNA (mRNA) within 30 min, as measured by Northern blot hybridization.	Adenosine	18-27	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	146-149
10413060-8	1999	Our results point at adenosine as regulator of ANP mRNA level in cardiac myocytes.	Adenosine	21-30	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
10338296-5	1999	That adenosine was continuously formed during the incubation is supported by the constant requirements of adenosine deaminase in order to suppress basal radioligand binding and further by the fact that low micromolar concentrations of adenine nucleotides evoked only adenosine-mimicking and fully 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine-sensitive binding responses.	Adenosine	5-14	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	106-125
9756374-8	1998	Small but statistically significant inhibitions of the adenosine-(50 microM)-stimulated increase in chloride efflux were elicited by the A1 receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (CPX, 100 nM) and the A2 receptor antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propylargylxanthine (DMPX, 10 microM).	Adenosine	55-64	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	217-219
9698452-7	1998	This defect of lagC-null or gbf-null cells could be overcome by the addition of adenosine, which alters cAMP signaling, but then even in the presence of apparently normal signaling waves, cell motility was still aberrant.	Adenosine	80-89	Kruppel like factor 6	Homo sapiens	28-31
9666151-1	1998	The characteristics of adenosine receptors found in glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes acutely isolated from the cerebral cortices of 4- to 12-day old rats were examined by evaluating the effects of adenosine and its analogues on intracellular calcium levels.	Adenosine	23-32	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	52-81
9666151-1	1998	The characteristics of adenosine receptors found in glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes acutely isolated from the cerebral cortices of 4- to 12-day old rats were examined by evaluating the effects of adenosine and its analogues on intracellular calcium levels.	Adenosine	23-32	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	83-87
9555046-12	1998	In conclusion, the observed retention of intron 4 of the LCAT gene is the result of the specific loss of a thymine residue two bases upstream of the branchpoint adenosine residue in the putative branchpoint consensus sequence.	Adenosine	161-170	phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase	Mesocricetus auratus	57-61
9599504-6	1998	Adenosine is rapidly metabolized in blood and interstitial fluid, through cell absorption and degradation by adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	109-128
9541735-5	1998	The addition of 100 microM adenosine to neurite-bearing DRG neurons inhibited neurite growth by 47% after 2-day exposures in vitro and by 50% after 5 days whereas in the presence of NGF this inhibition was reduced to 28% and 32%, respectively.	Adenosine	27-36	nerve growth factor	Mus musculus	182-185
9553762-4	1998	Apart from degrading extracellular adenosine (Ado) or 2"-deoxyadenosine (dAdo), which are toxic for lymphocytes, ecto-ADA has an extraenzymatic function via its interaction with CD26.	Adenosine	35-44	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	118-121
9553762-4	1998	Apart from degrading extracellular adenosine (Ado) or 2"-deoxyadenosine (dAdo), which are toxic for lymphocytes, ecto-ADA has an extraenzymatic function via its interaction with CD26.	Adenosine	46-49	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	118-121
9398629-5	1997	Adenosine deaminase could inhibit both ATP- and adenosine-induced nuclear accumulation.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
9216947-4	1997	These effects were specific because purified ACE also significantly attenuated the increase in macromolecular efflux elicited by bradykinin, which is produced in the cheek pouch during suffusion of STE, but did not attenuate the increase elicited by adenosine.	Adenosine	250-259	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Oryctolagus cuniculus	45-48
9253166-6	1997	Removal of exogenous adenosine by growth in the presence of adenosine deaminase inhibited thymidine incorporation.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	60-79
9186292-6	1997	The effects of the steroid on lipolysis disappeared when adenosine was hydrolyzed by adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	57-66	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	85-104
9144513-6	1997	The metabolism of adenosine either through phosphorylation (AK) or deamination (ADA) was reduced in PMA-stimulated cells.	Adenosine	18-27	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	80-83
9017669-1	1997	The mechanism by which adenosine accumulates in the hippocampal slice during energy deprivation was investigated by examining the adenosine A1 receptor mediated depression of synaptically evoked field potentials in the CA1 area.	Adenosine	23-32	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	219-222
9037110-1	1997	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase, EC 3.3.1.1) catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-adeno-syl-L-homocysteine to adenosine and homocysteine and thus plays a crucial role in normal cellular metabolism.	Adenosine	118-127	Adenosylhomocysteinase	Drosophila melanogaster	0-35
9037110-1	1997	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase, EC 3.3.1.1) catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-adeno-syl-L-homocysteine to adenosine and homocysteine and thus plays a crucial role in normal cellular metabolism.	Adenosine	118-127	Adenosylhomocysteinase	Drosophila melanogaster	37-46
9303802-2	1997	Adenosine in concentration 50-1000 mcM depressed the release of myoglobin and prevented depletion of ATP and adenine nucleotides during the "calcium paradox".	Adenosine	0-9	methylmalonyl-CoA mutase	Homo sapiens	35-38
9303802-5	1997	Dipiridamole (50 mcM) abolished protective effect of high concentrations (100-1000 mcM) of adenosine.	Adenosine	91-100	methylmalonyl-CoA mutase	Homo sapiens	17-20
9303802-5	1997	Dipiridamole (50 mcM) abolished protective effect of high concentrations (100-1000 mcM) of adenosine.	Adenosine	91-100	methylmalonyl-CoA mutase	Homo sapiens	83-86
9408766-9	1997	However, the decrease in ADA activity in blood cells may be associate with the adenosine metabolism.	Adenosine	79-88	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	25-28
8945621-6	1996	The presence of exogenous adenosine (0.5 microM) circumvented AMP-CP-induced inhibition of rhodamine efflux from EL4/ADM cells.	Adenosine	26-35	epilepsy 4	Mus musculus	113-116
8843903-0	1996	Adenosine mediates hypoxic induction of vascular endothelial growth factor in retinal pericytes and endothelial cells.	Adenosine	0-9	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Bos taurus	40-74
8843903-6	1996	A2R antagonist CSC and adenosine degradation by adenosine deaminase reduced hypoxic stimulation of VEGF mRNA 68% +/- 18% (P = 0.038) and 37% +/- 6% (P = 0.025), respectively, in a dose-dependent manner.	Adenosine	23-32	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Bos taurus	99-103
8843903-12	1996	CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the hypoxia-induced accumulation of adenosine stimulates VEGF gene expression through stimulation of adenosine A2a receptor and subsequent activation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A pathway in retinal vascular cells.	Adenosine	73-82	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Bos taurus	94-98
8781559-13	1996	This difference in sensitivity to adenosine could be explained by various expression of extracellular adenosine deaminase (ADA), since we found that the ADA-inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)-adenine (EHNA) markedly reduced the oxygen radical production caused by sulfatides and almost totally abolished the potentiating effects of sulfatides on the fMLP-induced respiratory burst.	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	102-121
8781559-13	1996	This difference in sensitivity to adenosine could be explained by various expression of extracellular adenosine deaminase (ADA), since we found that the ADA-inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)-adenine (EHNA) markedly reduced the oxygen radical production caused by sulfatides and almost totally abolished the potentiating effects of sulfatides on the fMLP-induced respiratory burst.	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	123-126
8781559-13	1996	This difference in sensitivity to adenosine could be explained by various expression of extracellular adenosine deaminase (ADA), since we found that the ADA-inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)-adenine (EHNA) markedly reduced the oxygen radical production caused by sulfatides and almost totally abolished the potentiating effects of sulfatides on the fMLP-induced respiratory burst.	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	153-156
8781559-16	1996	This process might be dependent on a L-selectin-mediated increase in the expression and activity of ADA, which locally reduces the extracellular level of adenosine.	Adenosine	154-163	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	100-103
8675694-5	1996	The 44 kD complex contained an adenosine-uridine-rich RNA fragment that localized to nucleotides 1885-1906 of the human GLUT1 mRNA, and the formation of this complex was inhibited by synthetic RNA enriched in adenosine-uridine sequences.	Adenosine	31-40	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	120-125
8813542-5	1996	These results demonstrate that adenosine A1 receptors can modulate dopamine D1 receptor-induced EEG arousal and show, for the first time, that adenosine-dopamine interactions are involved in brain functions other than motor activity.	Adenosine	31-40	D(1A) dopamine receptor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	67-87
8641834-15	1996	CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that hypoxia induces an initial decline in KDR mRNA levels and VEGF binding sites as mediated through adenosine binding to the A2R.	Adenosine	134-143	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Bos taurus	95-99
8568233-7	1996	On the other hand, cells expressing ADA and CD26 on the surface were much more resistant to the inhibitory effect of adenosine.	Adenosine	117-126	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	36-39
8568233-8	1996	These data suggest that ADA on the cell surface is involved in an important immunoregulatory mechanism by which released ADA binds to cell surface CD26, and this complex is capable of reducing the local concentration of adenosine.	Adenosine	220-229	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	24-27
8568233-8	1996	These data suggest that ADA on the cell surface is involved in an important immunoregulatory mechanism by which released ADA binds to cell surface CD26, and this complex is capable of reducing the local concentration of adenosine.	Adenosine	220-229	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	121-124
12013490-11	1996	DAMAGE TO ERYTHROCYTES REDUCES ADENOSINE LEVELS: Adenosine deaminase rapidly metabolizes adenosine to inosine, which lacks antivaso-occlusive properties.	Adenosine	31-40	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	49-68
12013490-11	1996	DAMAGE TO ERYTHROCYTES REDUCES ADENOSINE LEVELS: Adenosine deaminase rapidly metabolizes adenosine to inosine, which lacks antivaso-occlusive properties.	Adenosine	89-98	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	49-68
12013490-12	1996	Because erythrocytes are generously endowed with adenosine deaminase, any condition that damages erythrocytes will cause leakage of adenosine deaminase from erythrocytes directly onto the blood vessel wall, thus diminishing local vascular levels of adenosine.	Adenosine	49-58	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	132-151
12013490-14	1996	HYPOTHESIS: THE ROLE OF ERYTHROCYTE-DERIVED ADENOSINE DEAMINASE IN VASO-OCCLUSIVE DISEASES: Because multiple biosynthetic pathways maintain pharmacologically active levels of adenosine within the blood vessel wall and adenosine exerts a number of antivaso-occlusive effects, release of adenosine deaminase from erythrocytes may increase the risk for vaso-occlusive events.	Adenosine	175-184	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	44-63
12013490-14	1996	HYPOTHESIS: THE ROLE OF ERYTHROCYTE-DERIVED ADENOSINE DEAMINASE IN VASO-OCCLUSIVE DISEASES: Because multiple biosynthetic pathways maintain pharmacologically active levels of adenosine within the blood vessel wall and adenosine exerts a number of antivaso-occlusive effects, release of adenosine deaminase from erythrocytes may increase the risk for vaso-occlusive events.	Adenosine	175-184	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	286-305
12013490-14	1996	HYPOTHESIS: THE ROLE OF ERYTHROCYTE-DERIVED ADENOSINE DEAMINASE IN VASO-OCCLUSIVE DISEASES: Because multiple biosynthetic pathways maintain pharmacologically active levels of adenosine within the blood vessel wall and adenosine exerts a number of antivaso-occlusive effects, release of adenosine deaminase from erythrocytes may increase the risk for vaso-occlusive events.	Adenosine	218-227	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	44-63
12013490-14	1996	HYPOTHESIS: THE ROLE OF ERYTHROCYTE-DERIVED ADENOSINE DEAMINASE IN VASO-OCCLUSIVE DISEASES: Because multiple biosynthetic pathways maintain pharmacologically active levels of adenosine within the blood vessel wall and adenosine exerts a number of antivaso-occlusive effects, release of adenosine deaminase from erythrocytes may increase the risk for vaso-occlusive events.	Adenosine	218-227	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	286-305
8616636-0	1995	Modulation of adenosine release from rat spinal cord by adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase inhibitors.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	56-75
8616636-1	1995	Adenosine, a modulator of pain processing in the spinal cord, is metabolized by adenosine kinase and adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	101-120
7650388-9	1995	Neutrophil-myocyte adhesion was inhibited by acadesine (IC50 = 12 +/- 2 microM) also via an adenosine-dependent mechanism because it was blocked by 1,3-dimethyl-1-propylxanthine or adenosine deaminase, an enzyme that degrades any adenosine that is formed.	Adenosine	92-101	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	181-200
8537248-4	1995	A concentration-dependent relaxation of the rabbit corpus cavernosum was produced by adenosine; this effect was not modified by L-NAME, but was reduced by adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	85-94	adenosine deaminase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	155-174
8537248-5	1995	On the other hand, the adenosine-induced relaxation was potentiated by the inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine and by the adenosine uptake inhibitor dipyridamole.	Adenosine	23-32	adenosine deaminase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	88-107
7603461-5	1995	Gluc(2,3",4")P3 can be visualized as a truncated version of adenophostin A, in which the 2"- and 3"-carbons of the ribose ring, with their terminal phosphate groups, are retained and the remainder of the adenosine residue is excised.	Adenosine	204-213	glucosylceramidase beta 3 (gene/pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	0-4
7603461-9	1995	However, Gluc(2,3",4")P3 was a considerably weaker ligand (approximately 500-fold) and agonist (approximately 1000-fold) than adenophostin A, suggesting that the partial excision of the adenosine residue compromised structural motifs that have favorable interactions with the Ins(1,4,5)P3R.	Adenosine	186-195	glucosylceramidase beta 3 (gene/pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	9-13
7606748-0	1995	Adenosine deaminase inhibition augments interstitial adenosine but does not attenuate myocardial infarction.	Adenosine	53-62	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	0-19
7606748-1	1995	OBJECTIVE: The objectives were to determine the effects of the adenosine deaminase inhibitor pentostatin (deoxycoformycin) on interstitial fluid (ISF) adenosine before, during, and after myocardial ischaemia and to ascertain whether augmented endogenous ISF adenosine reduces myocardial infarction.	Adenosine	151-160	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	63-82
7606748-9	1995	CONCLUSIONS: Although inhibition of adenosine deaminase effectively enhances ISF adenosine before and during ischaemia, the increase before ischaemia does not "precondition" the myocardium, nor does the augmentation of adenosine during and after ischaemia attenuate necrosis in this model of ischaemia.	Adenosine	81-90	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	36-55
7795719-6	1994	As adenosine was rapidly metabolized by adenosine deaminase, the erection lasted for only 5 to 13 min.	Adenosine	3-12	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	40-59
7965071-0	1994	Effect of adenosine-induced changes in presynaptic release probability on long-term potentiation in the hippocampal CA1 region.	Adenosine	10-19	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	116-119
8067390-3	1994	Purinergic receptor agonists inhibited AVP-stimulated Pf with the following rank order efficacy: ATP = ADP = UTP = AMP-PNP = alpha, beta-methylene-ATP &gt; 2-methylthio-ATP &gt;&gt; AMP &gt; adenosine, consistent with the pharmacology of a "nucleotide" receptor subtype.	Adenosine	191-200	vasopressin-neurophysin 2-copeptin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	39-42
8027512-10	1994	In addition, various nucleoside analogs, including acyclovir and trifluridine as well as adenosine, guanosine and dibutyryl cyclic AMP, also potentiated the toxicity of ricin.	Adenosine	89-98	ricin	Ricinus communis	169-174
8394336-6	1993	To determine whether EGF was activating a Gi protein, adenosine deaminase (ADA) was added to degrade endogenously released adenosine.	Adenosine	54-63	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
8394336-7	1993	While the nonmetabolizable adenosine analogue N6-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine (PIA) inhibited ADA-stimulated lipolysis, EGF affected neither ADA-stimulated lipolysis nor the dose-response curve for PIA.	Adenosine	27-36	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
8491790-3	1993	Addition of CSF-1 to quiescent cultures resulted in increased adenosine and uridine transport with biphasic kinetics with respect to the cell cycle.	Adenosine	62-71	colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	12-17
8395668-0	1993	Role of adenosine in heterosynaptic, posttetanic depression in area CA1 of hippocampus.	Adenosine	8-17	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	68-71
8485104-0	1993	Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of competitive inhibition of adenosine deaminase by ring opened analogues of adenine nucleoside.	Adenosine	111-129	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	63-82
8452534-3	1993	Maximal activity was observed between pH 7 and 8, and lysosomal ADA displayed a Km of 37 microM for adenosine at 25 degrees C and pH 5.5.	Adenosine	100-109	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	64-67
8452534-8	1993	We speculate that compartmentalization of ADA within lysosomes would allow deamination of adenosine to occur without competition by adenosine kinase, which could assist in maintaining cellular energy requirements under conditions of nutritional deprivation.	Adenosine	90-99	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	42-45
8395949-3	1993	Adenosine suppressed excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) induced in CA3 neurons by activation of single mossy fibers to 57 +/- 19% at 10 microM (6 neurons).	Adenosine	0-9	carbonic anhydrase 3	Cavia porcellus	75-78
1445204-10	1992	The control patterns of these five fluxes indicate that, in the presence of extracellular adenosine and inosine, the intracellular metabolism of adenine derivatives would be highly dependent on the extracellular and intracellular concentrations of both nucleosides, on the ectoenzymes (5"-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase) and on the transporter.	Adenosine	90-99	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	306-325
1409251-5	1992	The results of the present study suggest that peripheral adenosine mechanisms might be involved in the control of ANF secretion, through the activation of A1 adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	57-66	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	114-117
1662948-6	1991	The neutrophil cAMP elevations caused by chemoattractants leukotriene B4, C5a, and N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP) were all prevented when endogenously produced adenosine was eliminated from the cell suspensions by the addition of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	182-191	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	252-271
1840810-2	1991	Adenosine and adenine nucleotides act physiologically by interfering with specific cell membrane receptors (P1 and P2 respectively) that are associated with several signal transduction systems.	Adenosine	0-9	crystallin gamma F, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	108-117
1745603-7	1991	The adenosine-induced membrane hyperpolarization was not affected by low-Ca2+ or low-Mg2+ solutions, nor by buffering of intracellular Ca2+, but a gradual decline of IAdo was observed following superfusion with Co2+ or Ni2+.	Adenosine	4-13	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	73-76
1745603-7	1991	The adenosine-induced membrane hyperpolarization was not affected by low-Ca2+ or low-Mg2+ solutions, nor by buffering of intracellular Ca2+, but a gradual decline of IAdo was observed following superfusion with Co2+ or Ni2+.	Adenosine	4-13	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	135-138
1680214-0	1991	Adenosine enhances myocardial glucose uptake only in the presence of insulin.	Adenosine	0-9	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	69-76
1680214-1	1991	Better understood in other tissues, the effects of adenosine on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in the heart are poorly understood.	Adenosine	51-60	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	64-71
1680214-9	1991	In the presence of insulin, adenosine increased the maximal value for glucose uptake without changing sensitivity to insulin.	Adenosine	28-37	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	19-26
1680214-10	1991	These results indicate that adenosine enhances myocardial responsiveness to insulin, with respect to glucose uptake, independent of changes in blood flow.	Adenosine	28-37	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	76-83
1649189-9	1991	Adenosine deaminase, which metabolizes the adenylate cyclase inhibitor adenosine, also rapidly induced phosphorylation and activation of CGI-PDE.	Adenosine	71-80	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
1649189-10	1991	Phenylisopropyladenosine (an adenosine deaminase-resistant adenosine analog) prevented or reversed both adenosine deaminase-stimulated phosphorylation and activation of CGI-PDE (IC50 approximately 0.2 nM).	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	29-48
1649189-10	1991	Phenylisopropyladenosine (an adenosine deaminase-resistant adenosine analog) prevented or reversed both adenosine deaminase-stimulated phosphorylation and activation of CGI-PDE (IC50 approximately 0.2 nM).	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	104-123
1685559-4	1991	Adenosine deaminase (1.5 U/ml) that abolished the negative inotropic effect of adenosine enhanced the effect of R-N6-phenylisopropyladenosine, indicating that endogenous adenosine released by high isoprenaline concentration (10(-6) mol/l) modulates the interaction.	Adenosine	79-88	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	0-19
1685559-4	1991	Adenosine deaminase (1.5 U/ml) that abolished the negative inotropic effect of adenosine enhanced the effect of R-N6-phenylisopropyladenosine, indicating that endogenous adenosine released by high isoprenaline concentration (10(-6) mol/l) modulates the interaction.	Adenosine	132-141	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	0-19
1988669-2	1991	In the rat and dog, exogenous adenosine inhibits renin release and adenosine receptor blockade augments stimulated renin release, suggesting that endogenous adenosine contributes to the regulation of renin release.	Adenosine	30-39	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	49-54
1988669-2	1991	In the rat and dog, exogenous adenosine inhibits renin release and adenosine receptor blockade augments stimulated renin release, suggesting that endogenous adenosine contributes to the regulation of renin release.	Adenosine	67-76	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	115-120
1978732-2	1990	The release of gastric SLI was stimulated by adenosine (0.6-60 microM) concentration dependently, while the release of immunoreactive gastrin was inhibited by 1 and 10 microM adenosine.	Adenosine	175-184	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	134-141
2168935-9	1990	Regional differences in the 2-chloroadenosine-elicited accumulation of cyclic AMP were similar to those with adenosine and were detected in the presence of Ro 20-1724 or adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	36-45	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	170-189
2251803-0	1990	[The effect of adenosine on the distribution of glucocorticoid receptor complexes in rat thymocytes].	Adenosine	15-24	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-71
2251803-3	1990	Adenosine appears to regulate transformation and translocation of the glucocorticoid-receptor complexes into the cell-target nuclei cAMP-dependent apparatus.	Adenosine	0-9	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-93
2308364-3	1990	Myocardial adenosine levels were augmented during ischemia by providing exogenous adenosine in the cardioplegic solution or by inhibiting adenosine degradation with 2-deoxycoformycin, a noncompetitive inhibitor of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	11-20	adenosine deaminase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	214-233
1963521-2	1990	When dipyridamole was added to the medium composed of adenosine, pyruvate and inorganic phosphate, ITPH activity was 1.18 +/- 0.41, and at the same time ITP accumulation was 0.61 +/- 0.31 mumol/g Hb.	Adenosine	54-63	inosine triphosphatase	Homo sapiens	99-103
2210062-9	1990	These data suggest that adenosine may act as a modulator of insulin action on the liver.	Adenosine	24-33	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	60-67
33812054-0	2021	Protein kinase D, ubiquitin and proteasome pathways are involved in adenosine receptor-stimulated NR4A expression in myeloid cells.	Adenosine	68-77	protein kinase D1	Mus musculus	0-16
33809872-2	2021	Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is a nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent histone deacetylase and belongs to the sirtuin family of deacetylases.	Adenosine	36-45	sirtuin 1	Macaca mulatta	0-9
33809872-2	2021	Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is a nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent histone deacetylase and belongs to the sirtuin family of deacetylases.	Adenosine	36-45	sirtuin 1	Macaca mulatta	11-16
33777958-5	2021	We altered Ado signaling using genetic tools and found that the overexpression of Ado metabolic enzymes, as well as the suppression of Ado receptor (AdoR) and transporters (ENTs), were able to minimize mHTT-induced mortality.	Adenosine	11-14	Adenosine receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	135-147
33777958-5	2021	We altered Ado signaling using genetic tools and found that the overexpression of Ado metabolic enzymes, as well as the suppression of Ado receptor (AdoR) and transporters (ENTs), were able to minimize mHTT-induced mortality.	Adenosine	11-14	Adenosine receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	149-153
33778007-6	2021	Methods: Adenosine acts on three adenosine receptors, the adenosine A1 (Adora1), A2a (Adora2a), the A2b (Adora2b) or the adenosine A3 (Adora 3) receptor.	Adenosine	9-18	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	100-103
33778007-6	2021	Methods: Adenosine acts on three adenosine receptors, the adenosine A1 (Adora1), A2a (Adora2a), the A2b (Adora2b) or the adenosine A3 (Adora 3) receptor.	Adenosine	9-18	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	105-112
33778007-12	2021	Enhancing adenosine levels with ENT1/ENT2 inhibitor dipyridamole at a time when bleomycin-induced ALI was present, reduced further injury.	Adenosine	10-19	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	32-36
33778007-15	2021	We also identified occludin and focal adhesion kinase as downstream targets of ADORA2B, thus providing a novel mechanism for adenosine-mediated barrier protection.	Adenosine	125-134	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	79-86
34864452-9	2022	Mechanistic investigations reveal that the increased levels of arginase-1 (Arg1) causes the lipid metabolism disorder by regulating nitric oxide synthase-3 (NOS3)-adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase-alpha (AMPKalpha) pathway, resulting in lipid accumulation in hepatocytes.	Adenosine	163-172	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	132-155
34864452-9	2022	Mechanistic investigations reveal that the increased levels of arginase-1 (Arg1) causes the lipid metabolism disorder by regulating nitric oxide synthase-3 (NOS3)-adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase-alpha (AMPKalpha) pathway, resulting in lipid accumulation in hepatocytes.	Adenosine	163-172	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	157-161
34948316-0	2021	Generation of a Retargeted Oncolytic Herpes Virus Encoding Adenosine Deaminase for Tumor Adenosine Clearance.	Adenosine	89-98	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	59-78
34948316-8	2021	METHODS: Here, we took advantage of adenosine deaminase enzyme that naturally converts adenosine into the corresponding inosine derivative, devoid of immunoregulatory function.	Adenosine	87-96	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	36-55
34880202-9	2021	SLC26A4-AS1 was related to CYP2E1 reactions, protein export, mitochondrial_ciii_assembly, formation of adenosine triphosphate by chemiosmotic coupling, budding and maturation of HIV virion, cristae formation, biocarta proteasome pathway, endosomal sorting complex required for transport, and histone modification.	Adenosine	103-112	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
34882682-2	2021	The most common type of RNA editing, contributing to nearly 99% of all editing events in RNA, is A-to-I (adenosine-to-inosine) editing mediated by double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR) enzymes.	Adenosine	105-114	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Sus scrofa	197-201
34882682-2	2021	The most common type of RNA editing, contributing to nearly 99% of all editing events in RNA, is A-to-I (adenosine-to-inosine) editing mediated by double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR) enzymes.	Adenosine	176-185	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Sus scrofa	197-201
34851227-1	2021	Adenosine deaminase is a zinc+2 dependent key enzyme of purine metabolism which irreversibly converts adenosine to inosine and form ammonia.	Adenosine	102-111	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
34480345-0	2021	Does the inability of CA1 area to respond to ischemia with early rapid adenosine release contribute to hippocampal vulnerability?	Adenosine	71-80	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	22-25
34480345-5	2021	The phenomenon of selective susceptibility of the hippocampus to ischemia/hypoxia is well-documented, and the reported failure of its CA1 area to respond to ischemia by rapid adenosine release may be indicative of an insufficiency of this neuroprotective mechanism contributing to hippocampal vulnerability.	Adenosine	175-184	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	134-137
34873337-7	2021	Mechanistically, the higher cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in Opa1 pre-adipocytes activate cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), which transcribes urea cycle enzymes.	Adenosine	35-44	OPA1, mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase	Mus musculus	76-80
34873337-7	2021	Mechanistically, the higher cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in Opa1 pre-adipocytes activate cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), which transcribes urea cycle enzymes.	Adenosine	35-44	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	105-144
34873337-7	2021	Mechanistically, the higher cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in Opa1 pre-adipocytes activate cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), which transcribes urea cycle enzymes.	Adenosine	35-44	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	146-150
34846650-1	2022	BACKGROUND: Adenosine is a purine nucleoside involved in regulating bone homeostasis through binding to A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 adenosine receptors (A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R, respectively).	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	157-161
34846650-5	2022	Moreover, exogenous adenosine substantially enhanced the expression of A2AR and suppressed tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclast formation and expression of osteoclast-related genes Ctsk, NFATc1, MMP9, and ACP5.	Adenosine	20-29	acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant	Mus musculus	224-228
34946865-2	2021	HGSOC harboring BRCA1/2 germline or somatic mutations are sensitive to the poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi).	Adenosine	81-90	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	16-23
34740973-3	2021	We engineered dual-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) NK cells to bear a third functional moiety that is activated in the GBM TME and addresses immunometabolic suppression of NK cell function: a tumor-specific, locally released antibody fragment which can inhibit the activity of CD73 independently of CAR signaling and decrease the local concentration of adenosine.	Adenosine	362-371	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3	Homo sapiens	28-53
34740973-3	2021	We engineered dual-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) NK cells to bear a third functional moiety that is activated in the GBM TME and addresses immunometabolic suppression of NK cell function: a tumor-specific, locally released antibody fragment which can inhibit the activity of CD73 independently of CAR signaling and decrease the local concentration of adenosine.	Adenosine	362-371	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3	Homo sapiens	55-58
34728622-2	2021	ATP13A2 belongs to the orphan P5B adenosine triphosphatases (ATPase) family and has been established as a lysosomal polyamine exporter to maintain the normal function of lysosomes and mitochondria.	Adenosine	34-43	ATPase cation transporting 13A2	Homo sapiens	0-7
34481229-5	2021	SC proliferation-inhibiting effect of metformin exposure was regulated by decreasing adenosine triphosphate level and respiratory enzyme activity in the mitochondria; this process was possibly mediated by the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, which was regulated by the down-expressed miR-1764 and by the decreased antioxidant enzyme activity and excessive reactive oxygen species generation.	Adenosine	85-94	TSC complex subunit 2	Homo sapiens	295-299
34768835-12	2021	These observations suggest that SCC inoculation causes PANX1 upregulation in Vc microglia and adenosine triphosphate released through PANX1 sensitizes nociceptive neurons in the Vc, resulting in tongue cancer pain.	Adenosine	94-103	Pannexin 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-139
34625545-0	2021	CD73-mediated adenosine production by CD8 T cell-derived extracellular vesicles constitutes an intrinsic mechanism of immune suppression.	Adenosine	14-23	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	38-41
34625545-3	2021	Here we report that human effector CD8 T cells contribute to adenosine production by releasing CD73-containing extracellular vesicles upon activation.	Adenosine	61-70	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	35-38
34396457-1	2021	Creatine kinase (CK) catalyzes the formation of phosphocreatine from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine.	Adenosine	69-78	cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-20
34237378-2	2021	Apremilast modulates the inflammatory cascade in cells by inhibiting PDE4, thus preventing the degradation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, resulting in the upregulation of interleukin (IL)-10 and the downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-23, interferon gamma (IFNgamma), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha).	Adenosine	117-126	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	175-194
34685508-8	2021	Finally, Ex-4 pretreatment stimulated hippocampal expression of phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (p-CREB), a known target of GLP-1/GLP-1R signaling.	Adenosine	86-95	glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor	Mus musculus	184-190
34552062-1	2021	The poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors show survival benefits in ovarian cancer patients with BRCA1/2 mutation or homologous recombination (HR) deficiency, but only limited efficacy in HR-proficient ones.	Adenosine	9-18	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	123-130
34621841-1	2021	BACKGROUND: The ATP6AP1 gene coding for the accessory protein Ac45 of the vacuolar-type adenosine triphosphatases (V-ATPase) is located on chromosome Xq28.	Adenosine	88-97	ATPase H+ transporting accessory protein 1	Homo sapiens	16-23
34621841-1	2021	BACKGROUND: The ATP6AP1 gene coding for the accessory protein Ac45 of the vacuolar-type adenosine triphosphatases (V-ATPase) is located on chromosome Xq28.	Adenosine	88-97	ATPase H+ transporting accessory protein 1	Homo sapiens	62-66
34525337-0	2021	Adenosine-to-inosine editing of endogenous Z-form RNA by the deaminase ADAR1 prevents spontaneous MAVS-dependent type I interferon responses.	Adenosine	0-9	mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein	Mus musculus	98-102
34500787-2	2021	In addition to their other pharmacological targets, both THC and CBD are competitive inhibitors of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 (ENT-1), a primary inactivation mechanism for adenosine, and thereby increase adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	188-197	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	103-141
34500787-2	2021	In addition to their other pharmacological targets, both THC and CBD are competitive inhibitors of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 (ENT-1), a primary inactivation mechanism for adenosine, and thereby increase adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	188-197	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	143-148
34500787-2	2021	In addition to their other pharmacological targets, both THC and CBD are competitive inhibitors of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 (ENT-1), a primary inactivation mechanism for adenosine, and thereby increase adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	220-229	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	103-141
34500787-2	2021	In addition to their other pharmacological targets, both THC and CBD are competitive inhibitors of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 (ENT-1), a primary inactivation mechanism for adenosine, and thereby increase adenosine signaling.	Adenosine	220-229	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	143-148
34733931-6	2021	Additionally, ART decreased toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression, increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) expression, and reduced the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-alpha.	Adenosine	78-87	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	140-145
34539333-3	2021	The adenosine level mainly depends on two enzymatic activities: 5"-nucleotidase (5"NT or CD73) that synthesizes adenosine from AMP, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) that converts adenosine into inosine.	Adenosine	4-13	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	136-155
34323594-1	2021	Aerosolized adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) induces cough and bronchoconstriction by activating vagal sensory fibers" P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors (P2X3R and P2X2/3R).	Adenosine	12-21	purinergic receptor P2X 2	Rattus norvegicus	155-162
34502044-8	2021	In addition, our results demonstrated reductions in beta- human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), progesterone, and interleukin (IL)-6, which is likely a result from the activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)- cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA)-phosphorylating CREB (pCREB) pathway.	Adenosine	191-200	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	277-281
34400637-4	2021	Predominantly ncRNA poly(A) tails are 20-60 adenosines long.	Adenosine	44-54	SNR45	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	14-19
34476213-2	2021	Methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14), a notable RNA N6-adenosine methyltransferase (m6A), plays a significant role in the growth of tumor through controlling the RNA working.	Adenosine	54-63	methyltransferase 14, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase subunit	Homo sapiens	0-25
34380058-3	2021	show that PANX1 mediates adenosine-dependent communication between regulatory and effector CD4+ T cells during allergic airway inflammation.	Adenosine	25-34	pannexin 1	Homo sapiens	10-15
34301850-1	2021	Pannexin1 (Panx1) channels are ubiquitously expressed in vertebrate cells and are widely accepted as adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-releasing membrane channels.	Adenosine	101-110	pannexin 1	Homo sapiens	0-9
34301850-1	2021	Pannexin1 (Panx1) channels are ubiquitously expressed in vertebrate cells and are widely accepted as adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-releasing membrane channels.	Adenosine	101-110	pannexin 1	Homo sapiens	11-16
34401789-0	2021	Quantitative analysis of m6A RNA modification by LC-MS. N 6-adenosine methylation (m6A) of messenger RNA (mRNA) plays key regulatory roles in gene expression.	Adenosine	60-69	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	25-28
34401789-0	2021	Quantitative analysis of m6A RNA modification by LC-MS. N 6-adenosine methylation (m6A) of messenger RNA (mRNA) plays key regulatory roles in gene expression.	Adenosine	60-69	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	83-86
34166116-3	2021	We tested the hypothesis that combined stimulation of the endothelium with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and acetylcholine (ACh) elicits greater vasodilation and attenuates alpha1-adrenergic vasoconstriction compared to combination of ATP or ACh with the endothelium-independent dilator sodium nitroprusside (SNP).	Adenosine	75-84	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-30	Homo sapiens	172-178
34359991-1	2021	5"AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known as metabolic sensor in mammalian cells that becomes activated by an increasing adenosine monophosphate (AMP)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio.	Adenosine	126-135	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
34359991-1	2021	5"AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known as metabolic sensor in mammalian cells that becomes activated by an increasing adenosine monophosphate (AMP)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio.	Adenosine	156-165	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
34257818-6	2021	Moreover, in hydrogen peroxide-treated SH-SY5Y cells, we found that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB) and Nrf2/PGC-1alpha act in a linear way by CREB siRNA transfection.	Adenosine	75-84	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	140-144
34257818-6	2021	Moreover, in hydrogen peroxide-treated SH-SY5Y cells, we found that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB) and Nrf2/PGC-1alpha act in a linear way by CREB siRNA transfection.	Adenosine	75-84	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	189-193
34258331-1	2021	Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) transfers nucleosides, such as adenosine, across plasma membranes.	Adenosine	77-86	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	0-38
34258331-1	2021	Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) transfers nucleosides, such as adenosine, across plasma membranes.	Adenosine	77-86	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	40-44
34138843-3	2021	Recent studies revealed that signaling through the erythrocyte adenosine A2B receptor (ADORA2B) promotes O2 release to counteract hypoxia at high altitude.	Adenosine	63-72	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	87-94
34177939-0	2021	Reversal of the CD8+ T-Cell Exhaustion Induced by Chronic HIV-1 Infection Through Combined Blockade of the Adenosine and PD-1 Pathways.	Adenosine	107-116	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	16-19
34177939-12	2021	CD39+CD8+ T cells expressed high levels of the A2A adenosine receptor and were more sensitive to 2-chloroadenosine-mediated functional inhibition than their CD39- counterparts.	Adenosine	51-60	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	5-8
34177939-13	2021	In vitro, a combination of blocking CD39/adenosine and PD-1 signaling showed a synergic effect in restoring CD8+ T-cell function, as evidenced by enhanced abilities to secrete functional cytokines and to kill autologous reservoir cells.	Adenosine	41-50	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	108-111
34177939-16	2021	Combined blockade of CD39/adenosine and PD-1 signaling in vitro may exert a synergistic effect in restoring CD8+ T-cell function in HIV-1-infected patients.	Adenosine	26-35	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	108-111
34101732-5	2021	We found that adenosine analog NECA diminished TGFbeta-induced CCL5 and MMP9 expression.	Adenosine	14-23	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Homo sapiens	63-67
34101732-5	2021	We found that adenosine analog NECA diminished TGFbeta-induced CCL5 and MMP9 expression.	Adenosine	14-23	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	72-76
34073488-2	2021	Adenosine plays a significant role in protection against cellular damage by activating four subtypes of adenosine receptors (ARs), A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR, and A3AR.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	144-149
34609420-4	2021	In this study, we aimed to investigate whether Carvacrol has a protective effect on testicular IR injury and its effects on Kir6.2 channels, which is a member of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent potassium channels.	Adenosine	162-171	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11	Rattus norvegicus	124-130
35506379-3	2022	METHODS: Using a combination of single-cell RNA sequencing together with forster resonance energy transfer-based sensors to monitor cyclic adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate, PKA (protein kinase A)-dependent phosphorylation and cGMP (cyclic guanosine 3",5"-monophosphate), we tested the hypothesis that dysregulation occurs in a sub-family of PDEs in the cytosol and outer mitochondrial membrane of neurons from the stellate ganglion.	Adenosine	139-148	phosphodiesterase 2A	Rattus norvegicus	338-342
35506379-6	2022	The reduced cyclic adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate response was due to the hydrolytic activity of overexpressed PDE2A2 located at the mitochondria.	Adenosine	19-28	phosphodiesterase 2A	Rattus norvegicus	110-116
35506379-7	2022	Normal cyclic adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate levels were re-established by inhibition of PDE2A.	Adenosine	14-23	phosphodiesterase 2A	Rattus norvegicus	88-93
35633288-7	2022	Moreover, RNA-sequencing results elucidate that the activated cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphate (cAMP)-PKA-CREB signaling pathway can be dominant in accelerating osteogenic differentiation.	Adenosine	69-78	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	108-112
35622909-1	2022	The nonstructural protein 3 (NSP3) macrodomain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Mac1) removes adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribosylation posttranslational modifications, playing a key role in the immune evasion capabilities of the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.	Adenosine	126-135	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	112-116
35603780-7	2022	In addition, adiponectin activated the 5" adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway.	Adenosine	42-51	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Gallus gallus	13-24
35597366-11	2022	Interestingly, the interactions of adenosine receptors (A2AAR, A1AR) with CYP450-epoxygenases, omega-hydroxylases, sEH, and their derived metabolites or oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs or oxylipins) is shown in the regulation of the cardiovascular functions.	Adenosine	35-44	epoxide hydrolase 2, cytoplasmic	Mus musculus	115-118
35501878-8	2022	FSH promoted renin synthesis via Gsalpha-coupled FSHRs that activated protein kinase A, cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) response element-binding protein, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk1/2), Protein kinase B(AKT), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathways in As4.1 cells.	Adenosine	95-104	GNAS (guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating) complex locus	Mus musculus	33-40
35557035-1	2022	BACKGROUND: Poly (adenosine diphosphate)-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for tumors with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), including pathogenic mutations in BRCA1/2, have been developed.	Adenosine	18-27	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	170-177
35563450-2	2022	Electrophysiological studies prove that PANX1 has a high conductance for adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which plays an important role as a signal molecule in platelet activation.	Adenosine	73-82	pannexin 1	Homo sapiens	40-45
35367765-1	2022	Under the dysfunction of mitochondria, cancer cells preferentially utilize both glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathways rather than electron transport chains to desperately generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) (NADPH), classically recognized as the Warburg effect.	Adenosine	184-193	2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1	Homo sapiens	277-282
35551509-5	2022	Mechanistically, KLB interacts with and stabilizes the cytokine receptor subunit GP130 by blockage of ubiquitin-dependent lysosomal degradation, thereby facilitating interleukin-6-evoked STAT3-HIF1alpha signaling, which in turn transactivates a cluster of glycolytic genes for adenosine triphosphate production and GSIS.	Adenosine	277-286	klotho beta	Mus musculus	17-20
35545344-2	2022	This study aims to investigate whether the mechanism of electroacupuncture in the treatment of neurogenic urine retention is through autophagy mediated by adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway.	Adenosine	155-164	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	205-209
35611323-1	2022	Context: The thyrotropin (TSH) receptor (TSH-R) autoantibody activity is clinically measured by inhibition of labeled ligand (TSH or M22) binding to the TSH-R (TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII)) or by stimulation (TSH-R stimulating antibody (TSAb)) or inhibition (TSH-R blocking antibody (TSBAb)) of 3",5"-cyclic adenosine 5"-monophosphate (cAMP) production in isolated cells.	Adenosine	324-333	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	0-39
35611323-1	2022	Context: The thyrotropin (TSH) receptor (TSH-R) autoantibody activity is clinically measured by inhibition of labeled ligand (TSH or M22) binding to the TSH-R (TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII)) or by stimulation (TSH-R stimulating antibody (TSAb)) or inhibition (TSH-R blocking antibody (TSBAb)) of 3",5"-cyclic adenosine 5"-monophosphate (cAMP) production in isolated cells.	Adenosine	324-333	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	41-46
35611323-1	2022	Context: The thyrotropin (TSH) receptor (TSH-R) autoantibody activity is clinically measured by inhibition of labeled ligand (TSH or M22) binding to the TSH-R (TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII)) or by stimulation (TSH-R stimulating antibody (TSAb)) or inhibition (TSH-R blocking antibody (TSBAb)) of 3",5"-cyclic adenosine 5"-monophosphate (cAMP) production in isolated cells.	Adenosine	324-333	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	153-158
35143882-3	2022	Adenosine receptor A2B (A2BAR) is a member of the adenosine receptor family and generally considered to be a negative regulator of the inflammatory response.	Adenosine	50-59	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	0-22
35143882-3	2022	Adenosine receptor A2B (A2BAR) is a member of the adenosine receptor family and generally considered to be a negative regulator of the inflammatory response.	Adenosine	50-59	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	24-29
35143882-4	2022	We found that A2BAR was the most highly expressed adenosine receptor in ETOH-fed mouse liver tissue and was also highly expressed in primary Kupffer cells and ETOH-induced RAW264.7 cells.	Adenosine	50-59	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	14-19
35410356-8	2022	We concluded that adenosine signaling via A2A AdoRs, adenylyl cyclase, and cAMP reduces TNFalpha-induced MMP-3 production by interfering with p38 MAPK/ATF-2 activity.	Adenosine	18-27	activating transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	151-156
35134563-6	2022	ATP and NADH, derivatives of adenosine, inhibit insulin signaling inside cells by downregulation of activities of AMPK and SIRT1, respectively.	Adenosine	29-38	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	123-128
35408815-4	2022	In fact, a reduced level of adenosine has been shown in the brain of animal models of NPC; moreover, the compound T1-11, which is able to weakly stimulate A2A receptor and to increase adenosine levels by blocking the equilibrative nucleoside transporter ENT1, significantly ameliorated the pathological phenotype and extended the survival in a mouse model of the disease.	Adenosine	28-37	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	254-258
35368680-1	2022	Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia.	Adenosine	119-128	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	177-181
35131865-3	2022	Among them, metformin is an activator of the adenosine 5"-monophosphate protein kinase (AMPK) that can in turn modulate the activity of the E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4-2 and thus posttranslational expression of voltage gated sodium channels (Navs).	Adenosine	45-54	NEDD4 like E3 ubiquitin protein ligase	Homo sapiens	160-167
35021069-2	2022	Approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for CML inhibit BCR-ABL1 by competitively targeting its adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding site, which significantly improves patient outcomes.	Adenosine	99-108	ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	63-67
35403619-4	2022	The functions of NEAT1 and paraspeckle proteins are quite diverse including retention of RNAs subjected to multiple editing of adenosine to inosine in the nucleus, response to DNA damage, transcription regulation, control of mRNA stability, regulation of splicing, and participation in the cell response to viral infection.	Adenosine	127-136	nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1	Homo sapiens	17-22
35262078-4	2022	A structural model reproducibly predicted a binding mode where the pyrrolo pyrimidine forms a hydrogen bonding network with Asp 22 and the amide backbone NH of Ile 23 in the adenosine binding pocket and the carboxylate forms hydrogen bonds to the amide backbone of Phe 157 and Asp 156 , part of the oxyanion subsite of Mac1.	Adenosine	174-183	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	319-323
35250640-0	2022	Sex-Specific Differences of Adenosine Triphosphate Levels in Red Blood Cells Isolated From ApoE/LDLR Double-Deficient Mice.	Adenosine	28-37	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	96-100
35187176-2	2022	Extracellularly released nucleotides such as ATP are rapidly hydrolyzed to adenosine by the coordinated ectonucleotidase activities of CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	75-84	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	135-139
35187176-9	2022	Together, these data demonstrate that L. amazonensis induces a regulatory phenotype in macrophages, which by activating the CD39/CD73 pathway allows parasite survival through the action of immunomodulatory adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	206-215	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	124-128
35130321-6	2022	PAR binding is mediated by the second WWE module of ZAP and likely involves specific recognition of an adenosine diphosphate-containing unit of PAR.	Adenosine	103-112	zinc finger CCCH-type containing, antiviral 1	Homo sapiens	52-55
35141572-3	2022	Additionally, we highlight the protein adenosine deaminase (ADA), which is a deaminating enzyme that degrades adenosine, which has been shown to be neuroprotective in ischemia.	Adenosine	110-119	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	39-58
35044787-5	2022	BAG5 acts as a nucleotide exchange factor for heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (HSC70), promoting adenosine diphosphate release and activating HSC70-mediated protein folding.	Adenosine	99-108	BAG cochaperone 5	Homo sapiens	0-4
35053423-1	2022	The 5"-Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a natural energy sensor in mammalian cells that plays a key role in cellular and systemic energy homeostasis.	Adenosine	7-16	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	63-67
35013519-4	2022	An adenosine 2A receptor antagonist, as enhanced by blockade of TIM3, slowed tumor growth in vivo.	Adenosine	3-12	hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2	Homo sapiens	64-68
34837201-1	2022	Creatine kinase (CK) plays an important role in tissue metabolism by providing a buffering mechanism for maintaining a constant supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during metabolic perturbations.	Adenosine	138-147	cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-20
2555342-4	1989	The role of endogenously produced adenosine in this phenomenon is demonstrated by the ability of either adenosine deaminase or theophylline, an adenosine receptor antagonist, to prevent FMLP-stimulated cAMP elevation.	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	104-123
2788175-4	1989	We investigated whether the deamination of adenosine by adenosine deaminase in hematopoietic cells might liberate sufficient ammonia to form amidated C3 and thereby trigger complement-mediated inflammation at ischemic sites.	Adenosine	43-52	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	56-75
2788175-7	1989	NH3 production derived only from the deamination of adenosine by the enzyme adenosine deaminase and was abolished by 0.4 microM 2"-deoxycoformycin, a specific inhibitor of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	76-95
2788175-7	1989	NH3 production derived only from the deamination of adenosine by the enzyme adenosine deaminase and was abolished by 0.4 microM 2"-deoxycoformycin, a specific inhibitor of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	172-191
2570363-0	1989	Adenosine inhibits renin release induced by suprarenal-aortic constriction and prostacyclin.	Adenosine	0-9	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	19-24
2570363-1	1989	The purpose of this study was to determine whether adenosine can attenuate the renin release response to a reduction in renal perfusion pressure.	Adenosine	51-60	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	79-84
2570363-5	1989	However, during the intrarenal infusions of adenosine, renin secretion rate did not increase significantly.	Adenosine	44-53	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	55-60
2570363-6	1989	Analysis of variance indicated that both doses of adenosine reduced the renin response to renal artery hypotension.	Adenosine	50-59	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	72-77
2570363-8	1989	Adenosine also significantly attenuated the renin release response to PGI2.	Adenosine	0-9	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	44-49
2570363-9	1989	We conclude that adenosine can inhibit the renin release response to both renal artery hypotension and PGI2 and that this effect is most likely mediated by a direct action of adenosine on juxtaglomerular cells.	Adenosine	17-26	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	43-48
2570363-9	1989	We conclude that adenosine can inhibit the renin release response to both renal artery hypotension and PGI2 and that this effect is most likely mediated by a direct action of adenosine on juxtaglomerular cells.	Adenosine	175-184	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	43-48
2570363-10	1989	Also, since PGI2 may be a mediator of the renin response to renal artery hypotension, the data are consistent with the hypothesis that adenosine inhibits the renin response to renal artery hypotension by attenuating the response of juxtaglomerular cells to PGI2.	Adenosine	135-144	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	42-47
2570363-10	1989	Also, since PGI2 may be a mediator of the renin response to renal artery hypotension, the data are consistent with the hypothesis that adenosine inhibits the renin response to renal artery hypotension by attenuating the response of juxtaglomerular cells to PGI2.	Adenosine	135-144	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	158-163
2469421-5	1989	Unexpectedly we also observed that AMP and adenosine not only stimulated CAT activity driven by CG beta promoter sequences but also enhanced synthesis of CG alpha and beta subunits in cultured choriocarcinoma cells.	Adenosine	43-52	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	96-103
2537867-11	1989	The addition of adenosine deaminase to neutrophil reaction mixtures in which conversion of added nucleotides was apparent removed detectable ADO but failed to completely abrogate the inhibition of neutrophil O2- generation by accumulated AMP.	Adenosine	141-144	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	16-35
2749584-6	1989	Similar potentiated forskolin effect (IC50, 0.53 microM) is seen if the ADA-treated human PRP is replenished with a low level of Ado (50 nM) after ADA inactivation by dCF and Ado-uptake blockade by dilazep.	Adenosine	129-132	proline rich protein 2-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
2541427-1	1989	Adenosine metabolism in hypothyrosis has been shown to decrease in thymocytes (5"-nucleotidase activity decreases by 18% and adenosine deaminase activity increases in thymocyte light fractions).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	125-144
2541427-2	1989	Activation of adenosine synthesis and decay processes (5"-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase activity increase by 65 and 72%, respectively) was found in the spleen of hypothyroid rats.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	75-94
2848262-3	1988	Several vasodilatory agents that increase intracellular cGMP levels (e.g., nitroprusside, adenosine, and atrial natriuretic factor) enhance the activity of these high-conductance PKCa channels in on-cell patches of bovine aortic smooth muscle cells.	Adenosine	90-99	protein kinase C alpha	Bos taurus	179-183
2850947-2	1988	Reduction of endogenous adenosine levels by treatment with adenosine deaminase (ADA) had no significant effect on either basal or maximally stimulated glucose transport, but reduced the insulin sensitivity of transport stimulation.	Adenosine	24-33	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	59-78
2850947-2	1988	Reduction of endogenous adenosine levels by treatment with adenosine deaminase (ADA) had no significant effect on either basal or maximally stimulated glucose transport, but reduced the insulin sensitivity of transport stimulation.	Adenosine	24-33	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
2848512-7	1988	The potency order of adenosine analogues for inhibition of cyclic AMP and IPx responses (measured in the presence of adenosine deaminase) was N6-cyclopentyladenosine greater than R-PIA greater than 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	117-136
2855246-2	1988	Prevention of the inhibitory action of endogenous adenosine [by adenosine deaminase (100 mU/ml) or theophylline (3.3 X 10(-4) M)] resulted in increased levels of cAMP and increased rates of lipolysis with forskolin.	Adenosine	50-59	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	64-83
3367398-16	1988	Thus, it is concluded that some drugs that inhibit adenosine uptake also modulate adenosine deaminase activity.	Adenosine	51-60	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	82-101
3283781-2	1988	Pharmacologically, the xanthines are prototypic inhibitors of the enzyme, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, are calcium mobilizers and have been reported to inhibit the enzymes, monoamine oxidase and cyclooxygenase as well as affect uptake of the putative neuromodulator, adenosine.	Adenosine	275-284	phosphodiesterase 3B	Homo sapiens	74-109
3265122-0	1988	Degradation of adenosine by extracellular adenosine deaminase in the rat duodenum.	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	42-61
3265122-2	1988	Extracellular degradation of adenosine by adenosine deaminase was studied in the rat duodenum using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and pharmacological techniques.	Adenosine	29-38	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	42-61
3265122-4	1988	Relaxant responses to adenosine (1-10 microM) were potentiated in a concentration-dependent manner by erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (EHNA) and deoxycoformycin, both of which are inhibitors of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	199-218
3356627-5	1988	This plasma concentration of ADA was shown to be sufficient to result in a 64% decrease in muscle adenosine levels during ischemic contraction.	Adenosine	98-107	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
3690362-12	1987	The large variations in the activity and cellular location of ADA in the animals examined suggest species differences in mechanisms governing adenosine metabolism in brain and possible differences in the relationships between cellular metabolism, ADA and the neuroregulatory role of adenosine in the CNS.	Adenosine	142-151	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
3690362-12	1987	The large variations in the activity and cellular location of ADA in the animals examined suggest species differences in mechanisms governing adenosine metabolism in brain and possible differences in the relationships between cellular metabolism, ADA and the neuroregulatory role of adenosine in the CNS.	Adenosine	283-292	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
3627975-3	1987	The polymerase chain reaction with Ki-ras specific amplimers revealed a guanosine to adenosine transition at the second position of codon 13, resulting in a substitution of glycine by aspartic acid.	Adenosine	85-94	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	35-41
3492941-1	1986	Adenosine deaminase is a purine salvage enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine.	Adenosine	81-90	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
3091593-3	1986	Adenosine has been implicated as a major source for intraerythrocytic hypoxanthine production via deamination and phosphorolysis, utilizing adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase, respectively.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	140-159
3017081-2	1986	Adenosine responsiveness is restored by administration of insulin.	Adenosine	0-9	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	58-65
3963213-7	1986	These findings indicate that intracoronary adenosine deaminase markedly reduces interstitial adenosine concentration, that cardiac interstitial adenosine concentration remains constant during autoregulation, and that the coronary bed autoregulates normally when interstitial adenosine is reduced to levels close to zero.	Adenosine	93-102	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	43-62
3963213-7	1986	These findings indicate that intracoronary adenosine deaminase markedly reduces interstitial adenosine concentration, that cardiac interstitial adenosine concentration remains constant during autoregulation, and that the coronary bed autoregulates normally when interstitial adenosine is reduced to levels close to zero.	Adenosine	93-102	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	43-62
3963215-1	1986	The hypothesis that adenosine mediates the coronary vasodilatory response to hypoxia was tested by determining if intracoronary infusion of the adenosine degrading enzyme, adenosine deaminase (ADA), would attenuate this response.	Adenosine	20-29	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	172-191
3963215-1	1986	The hypothesis that adenosine mediates the coronary vasodilatory response to hypoxia was tested by determining if intracoronary infusion of the adenosine degrading enzyme, adenosine deaminase (ADA), would attenuate this response.	Adenosine	20-29	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	193-196
3963215-1	1986	The hypothesis that adenosine mediates the coronary vasodilatory response to hypoxia was tested by determining if intracoronary infusion of the adenosine degrading enzyme, adenosine deaminase (ADA), would attenuate this response.	Adenosine	144-153	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	172-191
3963215-1	1986	The hypothesis that adenosine mediates the coronary vasodilatory response to hypoxia was tested by determining if intracoronary infusion of the adenosine degrading enzyme, adenosine deaminase (ADA), would attenuate this response.	Adenosine	144-153	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	193-196
3963215-2	1986	Efficacy of ADA was also evaluated by examining its effect on the coronary responses to exogenous adenosine and to 20-s myocardial ischemia.	Adenosine	98-107	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	12-15
3003346-8	1986	Adenosine deaminase (7-14 U/ml) added during hypoxia reduced venous adenosine from 1.0 to 0.3 microM and reduced vascular resistance by 3 +/- 1%.	Adenosine	68-77	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
3003627-2	1985	Adenosine deaminase prevented the inhibitory effect of exogenously applied adenosine but not that of 2-chloroadenosine on the amplitude of EPPs.	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
2998734-3	1985	Adenosine deaminase abolished the inhibitory effect of adenosine but not that of SRIF or (-)N6(R-2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine (PIA), a nonhydrolyzable adenosine analog.	Adenosine	55-64	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
3903010-0	1985	Influence of plasma renin content, intrarenal angiotensin II, captopril, and calcium channel blockers on the vasoconstriction and renin release promoted by adenosine in the kidney.	Adenosine	156-165	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	20-25
3903010-0	1985	Influence of plasma renin content, intrarenal angiotensin II, captopril, and calcium channel blockers on the vasoconstriction and renin release promoted by adenosine in the kidney.	Adenosine	156-165	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	130-135
3903010-1	1985	Our study was undertaken to assess whether the effect of intrarenal infusion of adenosine on renal blood flow and renin release in dogs is modified by the degree of stimulation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system.	Adenosine	80-89	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	114-119
3903010-1	1985	Our study was undertaken to assess whether the effect of intrarenal infusion of adenosine on renal blood flow and renin release in dogs is modified by the degree of stimulation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system.	Adenosine	80-89	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	195-200
3903010-5	1985	In all cases adenosine inhibited the renal secretion of renin.	Adenosine	13-22	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	56-61
3893160-11	1985	However, in the diabetics, insulin enhanced the dilator response to adenosine, and changes in coronary flow at each infusion rate did not differ from controls.	Adenosine	68-77	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	27-34
2990269-8	1985	Beta 2-adrenoceptor responsiveness of the airways after inhaled adenosine and histamine was further studied in 12 asthmatic subjects by observing the antibronchoconstrictor effect of inhaled isoproterenol.	Adenosine	64-73	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	0-19
3927475-4	1985	Blastogenic responses of lymphocytes to PHA and PWM were markedly suppressed by the addition of adenosine, which is a substrate of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	96-105	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	131-150
2991802-5	1985	A role for endogenous adenosine in the modulation of hippocampal noradrenaline release is supported by these findings: (1) that blockade of adenosine receptors by methylxanthines, especially by 8-phenyltheophylline, increased, whereas (2) inhibition of the uptake of adenosine decreased the evoked release of noradrenaline and (3) that deamination of endogenous extracellular adenosine by addition of adenosine deaminase to the medium enhanced the evoked transmitter release.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine deaminase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	401-420
2991802-5	1985	A role for endogenous adenosine in the modulation of hippocampal noradrenaline release is supported by these findings: (1) that blockade of adenosine receptors by methylxanthines, especially by 8-phenyltheophylline, increased, whereas (2) inhibition of the uptake of adenosine decreased the evoked release of noradrenaline and (3) that deamination of endogenous extracellular adenosine by addition of adenosine deaminase to the medium enhanced the evoked transmitter release.	Adenosine	140-149	adenosine deaminase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	401-420
2991802-5	1985	A role for endogenous adenosine in the modulation of hippocampal noradrenaline release is supported by these findings: (1) that blockade of adenosine receptors by methylxanthines, especially by 8-phenyltheophylline, increased, whereas (2) inhibition of the uptake of adenosine decreased the evoked release of noradrenaline and (3) that deamination of endogenous extracellular adenosine by addition of adenosine deaminase to the medium enhanced the evoked transmitter release.	Adenosine	140-149	adenosine deaminase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	401-420
3993799-1	1985	On the basis of observations of adenosine-Ca2+ competition, we assessed the effects on erythrocyte adenosine transport of Ca2+ channel antagonists, mono- and divalent cations, and Cl- and Cl- transport inhibitors.	Adenosine	99-108	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	122-125
3993799-2	1985	The Ca2+ channel antagonists, diltiazem and verapamil, competitively inhibited adenosine influx (Ki = 158 +/- 17.4 and 13.5 +/- 1.3 microM at 10 microM adenosine, respectively), despite no apparent effect on transport by Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, or K+.	Adenosine	79-88	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	4-7
3993799-2	1985	The Ca2+ channel antagonists, diltiazem and verapamil, competitively inhibited adenosine influx (Ki = 158 +/- 17.4 and 13.5 +/- 1.3 microM at 10 microM adenosine, respectively), despite no apparent effect on transport by Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, or K+.	Adenosine	79-88	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	221-224
3993799-2	1985	The Ca2+ channel antagonists, diltiazem and verapamil, competitively inhibited adenosine influx (Ki = 158 +/- 17.4 and 13.5 +/- 1.3 microM at 10 microM adenosine, respectively), despite no apparent effect on transport by Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, or K+.	Adenosine	152-161	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	4-7
3993799-6	1985	These studies indicate that the Ca2+ channel antagonists inhibit adenosine release and uptake and therefore may modulate adenosine-mediated events.	Adenosine	65-74	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	32-35
3993799-6	1985	These studies indicate that the Ca2+ channel antagonists inhibit adenosine release and uptake and therefore may modulate adenosine-mediated events.	Adenosine	121-130	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	32-35
3918586-2	1985	Initially, the effects of endogenously produced adenosine and prostaglandins were indirectly demonstrated by using adenosine deaminase and indomethacin in the incubations.	Adenosine	48-57	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	115-134
3918539-2	1985	5"-Deoxy-5"-halogenated adenosines are alternative substrates for 5"-deoxy-5"-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAPase), an enzyme responsible for the metabolism of 5"-deoxy-5"-methylthioadenosine (MTA), a by-product of polyamine biosynthesis.	Adenosine	24-34	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	66-111
3918539-2	1985	5"-Deoxy-5"-halogenated adenosines are alternative substrates for 5"-deoxy-5"-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAPase), an enzyme responsible for the metabolism of 5"-deoxy-5"-methylthioadenosine (MTA), a by-product of polyamine biosynthesis.	Adenosine	24-34	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	113-120
3918539-4	1985	In MTAPase-containing cells, the adenine released from the 5"-halogenated adenosine was incorporated into adenine nucleotide pools; cleavage by (MTAPase appeared to be the rate-limiting step in this process.	Adenosine	74-83	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	3-10
3918539-4	1985	In MTAPase-containing cells, the adenine released from the 5"-halogenated adenosine was incorporated into adenine nucleotide pools; cleavage by (MTAPase appeared to be the rate-limiting step in this process.	Adenosine	74-83	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	145-152
3919521-0	1985	Renin release during controlled hypotension with sodium nitroprusside, nitroglycerin and adenosine: a comparative study in the dog.	Adenosine	89-98	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	0-5
3919521-11	1985	We conclude that adenosine differs markedly from conventional hypotensive drugs such as SNP and TNG with respect to stability of action and dose requirements, and that this stability is related to an inhibited increase in renin release.	Adenosine	17-26	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	222-227
2987011-1	1985	The concentrations of the adenosine-generating enzyme 5"-nucleotidase (5"-N) and of the adenosine-degrading enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) in the rat left ventricle change as a function of the age of the animal.	Adenosine	88-97	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	115-134
2987011-1	1985	The concentrations of the adenosine-generating enzyme 5"-nucleotidase (5"-N) and of the adenosine-degrading enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) in the rat left ventricle change as a function of the age of the animal.	Adenosine	88-97	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	136-139
6683274-0	1983	Increased expression of one of two adenosine deaminase alleles in a human choriocarcinoma cell line following selection with adenine nucleosides.	Adenosine	125-144	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	35-54
6861292-6	1983	A small proportion of adenosine was metabolised extracellularly by adenosine deaminase; this activity was not released from perfused lungs and is apparently an ecto-enzyme.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	67-86
6575384-7	1983	We have confirmed these predictions from steady-state nuclear Overhauser effect measurements between assigned minor groove adenosine H-2 protons on adjacent base pairs in the proton NMR spectrum of the d(C1-G2-A3-T4-T5-A6-T6-A5-A4-T3-C2-G1) self-complementary dodecanucleotide duplex (henceforth called the Pribnow 12-mer) in solution.	Adenosine	123-132	relaxin 2	Homo sapiens	133-136
6132622-9	1983	The GMP and adenosine derivatives were substrates for guanylate kinase and adenosine deaminase, respectively.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	75-94
7104990-4	1982	More recently, we have developed an interesting family of cytotoxic compounds, the haloadenine nucleosides, that are resistant to deamination and show biological activity comparable to the corresponding adenine nucleosides given in combination with 2"-deoxycoformycin, a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	87-106	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	291-310
6750417-1	1982	The effect of adenosine-5"-N-ethylcarboxamide, (NECA), a long-lasting adenosine derivative with pronounced vasoactivity was investigated on glucagon and insulin release from the in situ isolated blood perfused pancreas in the anesthetized dog: NECA (10(-9) to 10(-5) mol/l) led to a dose-dependent glucagon release.	Adenosine	14-23	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	153-160
6750417-2	1982	Insulin release was inhibited by NECA at low concentrations, but significantly increased at higher concentrations of the adenosine analogue.	Adenosine	121-130	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	0-7
6976151-1	1981	Adenosine deaminase activity has been measured in red cells from individuals of known ADA phenotype (ADA 1, ADA 2-1, ADA 3-1, ADA 3-2) using adenosine and 2"-deoxyadenosine as substrates.	Adenosine	141-150	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
6109792-6	1981	Both carbachol- and norepinephrine-mediated gastrin release are modified by somatostatin and adenosine.	Adenosine	93-102	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	44-51
7192600-4	1981	The recovered ADA had a specific activity of 490 mumol of adenosine deaminated per min per mg protein, and the yield was 32%.	Adenosine	58-67	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	14-17
7238474-2	1981	The 100,000-dalton ADA has a markedly higher Km for adenosine and a markedly lower deaminating activity for deoxyadenosine relative to adenosine than does the 35,000-dalton ADA.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	19-22
7238474-2	1981	The 100,000-dalton ADA has a markedly higher Km for adenosine and a markedly lower deaminating activity for deoxyadenosine relative to adenosine than does the 35,000-dalton ADA.	Adenosine	52-61	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	173-176
7238474-2	1981	The 100,000-dalton ADA has a markedly higher Km for adenosine and a markedly lower deaminating activity for deoxyadenosine relative to adenosine than does the 35,000-dalton ADA.	Adenosine	113-122	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	19-22
7238474-2	1981	The 100,000-dalton ADA has a markedly higher Km for adenosine and a markedly lower deaminating activity for deoxyadenosine relative to adenosine than does the 35,000-dalton ADA.	Adenosine	113-122	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	173-176
6258935-2	1980	the postsynaptic field potential elicited in the pyramidal cell layer of CA3 region by mossy fiber stimulation was reversibly inhibited by application of adenosine to the perfusion medium.	Adenosine	154-163	carbonic anhydrase 3	Cavia porcellus	73-76
6159020-5	1980	Studies on cAMP metabolism revealed that this compound is rapidly catabolized to AMP and adenosine.	Adenosine	89-98	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Mus musculus	11-15
7390397-5	1980	In addition, the adenosine-induced inhibition could be reversed by inclusion of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	80-99
6965496-0	1980	Plasma deoxyadenosine, adenosine, and erythrocyte deoxyATP are elevated at birth in an adenosine deaminase-deficient child.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	87-106
6965496-5	1980	These elevated concentrations of adenosine, deoxyadenosine, and dATP are similar to those we observed in another older adenosine deaminase-deficient patient and may explain the impaired immune function and lymphopenia seen at birth.	Adenosine	33-42	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	119-138
132630-1	1976	Conversion of adenosine to inosine is decreased in adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient fibroblasts at all concentrations of adenosine tested.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	51-70
132630-1	1976	Conversion of adenosine to inosine is decreased in adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient fibroblasts at all concentrations of adenosine tested.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	72-75
132630-1	1976	Conversion of adenosine to inosine is decreased in adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient fibroblasts at all concentrations of adenosine tested.	Adenosine	51-60	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	72-75
132630-4	1976	Adenosine conversion to ATP is the same as that in mutant cells except at high nonphysiologic concentrations, at which it is slightly decreased in ADA-deficient fibroblasts.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	147-150
1262787-2	1976	Normally, accumulation of adenosine nucleotides in all mammalian cells is prevented by the presence of adenosine deaminase, an aminohydrolase which converts adenosine to inosine (3).	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	103-122
24271344-3	1976	We found that PDEA can be released from brain particulate fraction by 1 muM norepinephrine, dopamine, adenosine, and histamine in the presence of ATP and a purified cAMP-dependent protein kinase; in similar conditions, serotonin is ineffective in concentrations up to 0.1 mM.	Adenosine	102-111	phosphodiesterase 6A	Homo sapiens	14-18
133008-4	1976	DNA synthesis induced by PHA, PWM or mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) was strongly inhibited by adenosine at concentrations of 10(-4) M or higher when human peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured in a medium supplemented with horse serum, which lacks ADA.	Adenosine	95-104	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	254-257
176177-6	1976	The inhibition of thymidine uptake observed with millimolar concentrations of adenosine was independent of the type of mitogen (pokeweed or Con A), the concentration of mitogen, or the medium used, but could be increased if the cells were cultured in a serum with reduced levels of adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	78-87	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	282-301
171662-2	1975	The cells also have receptors for adenosine which mediate an increase in 3":5"-cAMP levels.	Adenosine	34-43	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Mus musculus	79-83
237902-0	1975	Cholesterol esterase in rat adipose tissue and its activation by cyclic adenosine 3":5"-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase.	Adenosine	72-81	carboxyl ester lipase	Rattus norvegicus	0-20
1125070-0	1975	Adenosine deaminase from human erythrocytes: purification and effects of adenosine analogs.	Adenosine	73-82	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
164437-8	1975	These findings suggest that deamination of adenosine is responsible for the observed effects of adenosine deaminase preparations.	Adenosine	43-52	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	96-115
4416770-0	1974	Ultrasonic relaxation evaluation of the thermodynamics of syn-anti glycosidic isomerization in adenosine.	Adenosine	95-104	synemin	Homo sapiens	58-61
4339466-0	1972	Inhibition of adenosine deaminase by alcohols derived from adenine nucleosides.	Adenosine	59-78	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	14-33
24473823-4	1972	At later stages of germination tRNA end-labeling accounts for a minor fraction of adenosine incorporation.	Adenosine	82-91	trnL-UAG	Phaseolus vulgaris	31-35
33893670-4	2021	The BK ligand can prompt BTB adenosine receptor activation, which enhances transportation and accumulation inside tumors, as confirmed by T1 -weighted magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging.	Adenosine	29-38	synaptotagmin XVII	Mus musculus	4-6
33405191-1	2021	BACKGROUND: P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) dependent drug-efflux pump which is located abundantly in the stomach and protects the gut mucosa from xenobiotic.	Adenosine	40-49	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	12-26
33405191-1	2021	BACKGROUND: P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) dependent drug-efflux pump which is located abundantly in the stomach and protects the gut mucosa from xenobiotic.	Adenosine	40-49	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
34019807-0	2021	The loss of RNA N6-adenosine methyltransferase Mettl14 in tumor-associated macrophages promotes CD8+ T cell dysfunction and tumor growth.	Adenosine	19-28	methyltransferase 14, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase subunit	Homo sapiens	47-54
34019807-0	2021	The loss of RNA N6-adenosine methyltransferase Mettl14 in tumor-associated macrophages promotes CD8+ T cell dysfunction and tumor growth.	Adenosine	19-28	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	96-99
33358825-6	2021	These activities are regulated by airway surface liquid (ASL) concentrations of adenosine and ATP, acting on airway epithelial A2B and P2Y2 receptors, respectively.	Adenosine	80-89	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Homo sapiens	135-139
33913581-0	2021	Normoxic induction of HIF-1alpha by adenosine-A2B R signaling in epicardial stromal cells formed after myocardial infarction.	Adenosine	36-45	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
33913581-3	2021	We have previously reported that the expression of the angiogenic cytokines vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and IL-6 is strongly upregulated in EpiSC by adenosine acting via the A2B receptor (A2B R).	Adenosine	166-175	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	205-210
33913581-11	2021	Altogether, we identified A2B R-mediated HIF-1alpha induction as novel aspect in the HIF-1alpha-adenosine crosstalk, which modulates EpiSC activity and can amplify HIF-1alpha-mediated cardioprotection.	Adenosine	96-105	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	26-31
33662100-1	2021	Importance: The subtype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cancer (PDAC) with DNA damage repair (DDR) deficiency from BRCA1/2 variants has a favorable prognosis and is sensitive to platinum analogues and poly-(adenosine diphosphate-ripose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition with olaparib.	Adenosine	211-220	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	119-126
33925516-8	2021	These results suggest that A2AR is significantly upregulated in BC tissues, especially TNBC tissues, and ADO-mediated A2AR activation is involved in RT-R-TNBC invasion and metastasis through the AKT-beta-catenin pathway.	Adenosine	105-108	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	199-211
33893288-1	2021	To adapt to fluctuating protein folding loads in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Hsp70 chaperone BiP is reversibly modified with adenosine monophosphate (AMP) by the ER-resident Fic-enzyme FICD/HYPE.	Adenosine	133-142	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	85-90
33882257-0	2021	Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA (ADARs) and Viral Infections.	Adenosine	0-9	adars	None	36-41
34036247-4	2021	Metabolomics coupled with biochemical and functional analyses revealed that ALDOA triggered the activation of adenosine-5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which we demonstrate played essential promalignant activities in ALDOA-expressing cells.	Adenosine	110-119	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	169-173
33916440-11	2021	We conclude that alterations in both ADA iso-enzymes can play a role in breast cancer development and progression by the modulation of extracellular adenosine-dependent pathways.	Adenosine	149-158	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	37-40
33524770-7	2021	We demonstrate that the A1 receptor is required for adenosine-stimulated IL-10 and IL-1beta secretion indicating an important role of this receptor during resolution of inflammation and tissue repair in these cells.	Adenosine	52-61	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	73-78
33717263-2	2021	It selectively inhibits four isomers of PI3K, PI3Kalpha, PI3Kbeta, PI3Kgamma and PI3Kdelta, by competitively binding the lipid kinase domain on adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP), and serves an important role in inhibiting proliferation, promoting apoptosis and blocking angiogenesis, predominantly by antagonizing the PI3K/AKT pathway.	Adenosine	144-153	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta	Homo sapiens	57-65
33376190-1	2021	Methylation at the N6 position of adenosine (m6A) is one of the most abundant RNA modifications found in eukaryotes, however accurate detection of specific m6A nucleotides within transcripts has been historically challenging due to m6A and unmodified adenosine having virtually indistinguishable chemical properties.	Adenosine	34-43	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	45-48
33376190-1	2021	Methylation at the N6 position of adenosine (m6A) is one of the most abundant RNA modifications found in eukaryotes, however accurate detection of specific m6A nucleotides within transcripts has been historically challenging due to m6A and unmodified adenosine having virtually indistinguishable chemical properties.	Adenosine	34-43	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	156-159
33376190-1	2021	Methylation at the N6 position of adenosine (m6A) is one of the most abundant RNA modifications found in eukaryotes, however accurate detection of specific m6A nucleotides within transcripts has been historically challenging due to m6A and unmodified adenosine having virtually indistinguishable chemical properties.	Adenosine	34-43	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	156-159
33376190-1	2021	Methylation at the N6 position of adenosine (m6A) is one of the most abundant RNA modifications found in eukaryotes, however accurate detection of specific m6A nucleotides within transcripts has been historically challenging due to m6A and unmodified adenosine having virtually indistinguishable chemical properties.	Adenosine	251-260	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	45-48
33376190-1	2021	Methylation at the N6 position of adenosine (m6A) is one of the most abundant RNA modifications found in eukaryotes, however accurate detection of specific m6A nucleotides within transcripts has been historically challenging due to m6A and unmodified adenosine having virtually indistinguishable chemical properties.	Adenosine	251-260	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	156-159
33376190-1	2021	Methylation at the N6 position of adenosine (m6A) is one of the most abundant RNA modifications found in eukaryotes, however accurate detection of specific m6A nucleotides within transcripts has been historically challenging due to m6A and unmodified adenosine having virtually indistinguishable chemical properties.	Adenosine	251-260	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	156-159
33129993-8	2021	CXCL14 activated the phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) and CREB inhibitor attenuated the modulation of StAR expression by CXCL14.	Adenosine	47-56	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	105-109
33711230-4	2021	For the Class A GPCR, the adenosine 2A receptor, we observe ligand-induced changes to sodium binding of the receptor at the level of individual sodium ions.	Adenosine	26-35	vomeronasal 1 receptor 17 pseudogene	Homo sapiens	16-20
33754024-12	2021	Pharmacological inhibition and knockdown of GPR43 expression in podocytes increased insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation through the restoration of adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKalpha) activity.	Adenosine	147-156	free fatty acid receptor 2	Mus musculus	44-49
33385856-11	2021	Thus, the results may indicate the anti-inflammatory activity of adenosine A2B receptor antagonists in two different models of inflammation.	Adenosine	65-74	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	75-78
32730662-4	2021	hnRNPL knockdown or overexpression led to increased or decreased levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive element-binding protein phosphorylation, respectively.	Adenosine	82-91	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L	Homo sapiens	0-6
33626581-11	2021	Levels of integrin alphaIIbbeta3 activation, fibrinogen binding, and aggregation were significantly lower in platelets from RUNX1L43S/L43S and RUNX1WT/L43S using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and high thrombin doses.	Adenosine	201-210	runt related transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	124-129
33191843-0	2020	Inward Rectifier K+ Currents Contribute to the Proarrhythmic Electrical Phenotype of Atria Overexpressing Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Response Element Modulator Isoform CREM-IbDeltaC-X.	Adenosine	113-122	cAMP responsive element modulator	Mus musculus	172-176
33238553-2	2020	These adenosine triphosphate dependent chaperones were classified based on their molecular mass that ranges between 10-100 kDA, including; HSP10, HSP40, HSP70, HSP90, HSPB1, HSPD, and HSPH1 family.	Adenosine	6-15	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	153-158
33238553-2	2020	These adenosine triphosphate dependent chaperones were classified based on their molecular mass that ranges between 10-100 kDA, including; HSP10, HSP40, HSP70, HSP90, HSPB1, HSPD, and HSPH1 family.	Adenosine	6-15	heat shock protein family H (Hsp110) member 1	Homo sapiens	184-189
33883834-1	2020	Background: Adenosine Deaminase, the key enzyme of purine metabolism catalyzing the irreversible hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine is implicated in a varied spectrum of human diseases ranging from SCID to TB and pneumonia.	Adenosine	123-132	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	12-31
32816949-1	2020	PURPOSE: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) arising in patients with a germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 (gBRCA) mutation may be sensitive to platinums and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi).	Adenosine	156-165	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	85-90
32816949-1	2020	PURPOSE: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) arising in patients with a germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 (gBRCA) mutation may be sensitive to platinums and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi).	Adenosine	156-165	BRCA2 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	94-99
33053898-1	2020	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme of purine metabolism that irreversibly converts adenosine to inosine or 2"deoxyadenosine to 2"deoxyinosine.	Adenosine	87-96	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
33053898-1	2020	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme of purine metabolism that irreversibly converts adenosine to inosine or 2"deoxyadenosine to 2"deoxyinosine.	Adenosine	87-96	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
33053898-2	2020	ADA is active both inside the cell and on the cell surface where it was found to interact with membrane proteins, such as CD26 and adenosine receptors, forming ecto-ADA (eADA).	Adenosine	131-140	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-3
33050279-1	2020	Investigation into the role of methylation of the adenosine base (m6A) of RNA has only recently begun, but it quickly became apparent that m6A is able to control and fine-tune many aspects of mRNA, from splicing to translation.	Adenosine	50-59	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	66-69
33123122-11	2020	Treatment of spheroids with anti-CXCR4 rescued T cell cytotoxic activity and prevented TAM polarization, likely by causing the decrease of adenosine and IL-10 production.	Adenosine	139-148	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
32909483-0	2020	Effect of parathyroid hormone-related protein on intracellular calcium ion and cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentrations in cardiac fibroblasts.	Adenosine	86-95	parathyroid hormone-like hormone	Rattus norvegicus	10-45
32909483-9	2020	As PTHrP concentrations increased, intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentrations also increased.	Adenosine	56-65	parathyroid hormone-like hormone	Rattus norvegicus	3-8
32565059-1	2020	Adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) are crucial in facilitating the BDNF action on synaptic transmission in the rat hippocampus primarily upon ageing.	Adenosine	0-9	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	63-67
32565059-2	2020	Furthermore, it has been suggested that A2AR-Tropomyosin related kinase B receptor (TrkB) crosstalk has a pivotal role in adenosine A2AR-mediated modulation of the BDNF action on hippocampal plasticity.	Adenosine	122-131	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	164-168
32892251-0	2020	Guanosine modulates SUMO2/3-ylation in neurons and astrocytes via adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	66-75	small ubiquitin like modifier 2	Homo sapiens	20-27
32892251-11	2020	Furthermore, the A1 adenosine receptor antagonist DPCPX abolished the guanosine-induced increase in SUMO2/3-ylation.	Adenosine	20-29	small ubiquitin like modifier 2	Homo sapiens	100-107
32739909-5	2020	nNOS expression and activation is regulated by some important signaling proteins, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB), calmodulin (CaM), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90)/HSP70.	Adenosine	97-106	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	162-166
32806118-4	2020	Cytidine kinase (CK) was used for the biotransformation of cytidine to 5"-CMP, while polyphosphate kinase (PPK) was coupled for adenosine triphosphate regeneration.	Adenosine	128-137	cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-15
32854274-3	2020	Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1 (EPAC1) is an effector of the second messenger, 3",5"-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) that is associated with multiple roles in several pathologies including cardiac diseases.	Adenosine	107-116	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	0-45
32854274-3	2020	Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1 (EPAC1) is an effector of the second messenger, 3",5"-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) that is associated with multiple roles in several pathologies including cardiac diseases.	Adenosine	107-116	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	47-52
32606006-7	2020	By reducing m6A levels at the 3"UTR and the mRNA stability of two phosphodiesterase genes (PDE1C and PDE4B), FTO augmented second messenger 3", 5"-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling and suppressed stemness features of ovarian cancer cells.	Adenosine	154-163	phosphodiesterase 1C	Homo sapiens	91-96
32916600-4	2020	We report that adenosine methylation of miR-200b-3p inhibits its repressive function toward its mRNA targets such as XIAP by blocking the formation of the miRNA/3" UTRmRNA duplex.	Adenosine	15-24	X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis	Homo sapiens	117-121
32761233-8	2020	We found that reduction of naive T cells in the peripheral blood of Ampd3-/- mice was caused by T-cell-extrinsic factor(s), which we hypothesize to be elevated levels of adenosine triphosphate released by Ampd3-deficient erythrocytes.	Adenosine	170-179	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 3	Mus musculus	68-73
32761233-8	2020	We found that reduction of naive T cells in the peripheral blood of Ampd3-/- mice was caused by T-cell-extrinsic factor(s), which we hypothesize to be elevated levels of adenosine triphosphate released by Ampd3-deficient erythrocytes.	Adenosine	170-179	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 3	Mus musculus	205-210
32126230-1	2020	Humans possess three members of the cation-coupled concentrative nucleoside transporter CNT (SLC 28) family, hCNT1-3: hCNT1 is selective for pyrimidine nucleosides but also transports adenosine, hCNT2 transports purine nucleosides and uridine, and hCNT3 transports both pyrimidine and purine nucleosides.	Adenosine	184-193	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	109-116
32126230-1	2020	Humans possess three members of the cation-coupled concentrative nucleoside transporter CNT (SLC 28) family, hCNT1-3: hCNT1 is selective for pyrimidine nucleosides but also transports adenosine, hCNT2 transports purine nucleosides and uridine, and hCNT3 transports both pyrimidine and purine nucleosides.	Adenosine	184-193	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	109-114
32126230-1	2020	Humans possess three members of the cation-coupled concentrative nucleoside transporter CNT (SLC 28) family, hCNT1-3: hCNT1 is selective for pyrimidine nucleosides but also transports adenosine, hCNT2 transports purine nucleosides and uridine, and hCNT3 transports both pyrimidine and purine nucleosides.	Adenosine	184-193	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	195-200
32126230-5	2020	We also used radiochemical HPLC analysis to study the mechanism by which adenosine functions as a low Km, low Vmax permeant of hCNT1.	Adenosine	73-82	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	127-132
32126230-7	2020	hCNT1-mediated [3H]-efflux was stimulated by extracellular uridine, but inhibited by extracellular adenosine, with >95% of the radioactivity exiting cells being unmetabolized uridine, consistent with a low transmembrane mobility of the hCNT1/adenosine complex.	Adenosine	99-108	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
32126230-7	2020	hCNT1-mediated [3H]-efflux was stimulated by extracellular uridine, but inhibited by extracellular adenosine, with >95% of the radioactivity exiting cells being unmetabolized uridine, consistent with a low transmembrane mobility of the hCNT1/adenosine complex.	Adenosine	242-251	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
32146518-8	2020	ADO inhibited the intracellular Bruton"s tyrosine kinase (BTK) and Ca2+ influx only in Beff.	Adenosine	0-3	Bruton tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	32-56
32146518-8	2020	ADO inhibited the intracellular Bruton"s tyrosine kinase (BTK) and Ca2+ influx only in Beff.	Adenosine	0-3	Bruton tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	58-61
32146518-9	2020	The inhibition of BTK by ibrutinib mimicked the effect of ADO, and ibrutinib reduced the production of ADO by downregulation of CD39 in vitro.	Adenosine	58-61	Bruton tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	18-21
32725213-1	2020	Purpose: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) levels mediate extracellular matrix (ECM) changes by altering the levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1alpha) in various tissues.	Adenosine	16-25	hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Cavia porcellus	222-232
32580317-14	2020	One of the reasons for this action of ATPgammaS and adenosine was a reduction in CXCR4 surface expression, but this only partially explains the mechanism of antimigratory action.	Adenosine	52-61	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	81-86
32580317-15	2020	In summary, extracellular adenine nucleotides and adenosine inhibit THP-1 cell growth, cause death of cells and modulate the functioning of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis.	Adenosine	50-59	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	150-155
32655483-5	2020	Studies in expression systems have revealed that ClC-1 is able to bind adenosine nucleotides, and that low adenosine nucleotide levels result in ClC-1 activation.	Adenosine	71-80	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	49-54
32655483-5	2020	Studies in expression systems have revealed that ClC-1 is able to bind adenosine nucleotides, and that low adenosine nucleotide levels result in ClC-1 activation.	Adenosine	107-116	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	145-150
32655483-6	2020	In three series of experiments, this study aimed to explore whether ClC-1 is also regulated by adenosine nucleotides in native skeletal muscle fibers, and whether the adenosine nucleotide sensitivity of ClC-1 could explain the rise in G m muscle fibers during prolonged action potential firing.	Adenosine	95-104	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	68-73
32655483-6	2020	In three series of experiments, this study aimed to explore whether ClC-1 is also regulated by adenosine nucleotides in native skeletal muscle fibers, and whether the adenosine nucleotide sensitivity of ClC-1 could explain the rise in G m muscle fibers during prolonged action potential firing.	Adenosine	167-176	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	203-208
32561926-8	2020	The oxygen consumption assays showed a severe impairment in basal respiration, Adenosine triphosphate-linked (ATP-linked) oxygen consumption, as well as reserve respiratory capacity, in RGCs from Opa1+/- mouse retina.	Adenosine	79-88	OPA1, mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase	Mus musculus	196-200
32766475-8	2020	Because adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a critical regulator of SREBP2 activation, we measured whether the activity of AMPK was regulated by ALR.	Adenosine	8-17	sterol regulatory element binding factor 2	Mus musculus	91-97
32633395-1	2020	OBJECTIVE: Increasing evidence indicated that N6-methyl-adenosine (M6A) played a key role in a variety of pathophysiological processes.	Adenosine	56-65	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	67-70
32343757-3	2020	We therefore designed a stable coating of adenosine for biomaterial surfaces through polydopamine chemistry to control osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis via A2bR signaling.	Adenosine	42-51	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	159-163
32671205-3	2020	MIR155HG is highly expressed by inflamed antigen-presenting cells, leading to the discovery that P155 interacts with the adenosine 5"-triphosphate binding domain of heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70), a chaperone required for antigen trafficking and presentation in dendritic cells (DCs).	Adenosine	121-130	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8	Homo sapiens	165-194
32671205-3	2020	MIR155HG is highly expressed by inflamed antigen-presenting cells, leading to the discovery that P155 interacts with the adenosine 5"-triphosphate binding domain of heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70), a chaperone required for antigen trafficking and presentation in dendritic cells (DCs).	Adenosine	121-130	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8	Homo sapiens	196-201
32438744-1	2020	Plasma levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme that deaminates adenosine to inosine, are increased during inflammation.	Adenosine	17-26	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	38-41
32079656-5	2020	Ectonucleotidase mediated ATP degradation led to increased extracellular adenosine (eADO) and inhibiting CD39 and CD73 in infected cells decreased adenosine concentration and parasite survival, documenting importance of adenosine in infection.	Adenosine	147-156	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	105-109
32079656-5	2020	Ectonucleotidase mediated ATP degradation led to increased extracellular adenosine (eADO) and inhibiting CD39 and CD73 in infected cells decreased adenosine concentration and parasite survival, documenting importance of adenosine in infection.	Adenosine	147-156	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	105-109
32272642-1	2020	Long-tailed unconventional class I myosin, Myosin 1E (MYO1E) and Myosin 1F (MYO1F) are motor proteins that use chemical energy from the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to produce mechanical work along the actin cytoskeleton.	Adenosine	150-159	myosin IF	Homo sapiens	65-74
32272642-1	2020	Long-tailed unconventional class I myosin, Myosin 1E (MYO1E) and Myosin 1F (MYO1F) are motor proteins that use chemical energy from the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to produce mechanical work along the actin cytoskeleton.	Adenosine	150-159	myosin IF	Homo sapiens	76-81
32259773-0	2020	Adenosine augments the production of IL-10 in cervical cancer cells through interaction with the A2B adenosine receptor, resulting in protection against the activity of cytotoxic T cells.	Adenosine	0-9	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	37-42
32259773-2	2020	In this study, we analyzed the ability of CeCa cells to produce IL-10 through the CD73-adenosine pathway and its effect on the downregulation of HLA-I molecules to evade CTL-mediated immune recognition.	Adenosine	87-96	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	64-69
32259773-3	2020	CeCa cells cultured in the presence of >=10 microM AMP or adenosine produced 4.5-6 times as much IL-10 as unstimulated cells.	Adenosine	58-67	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	97-102
32028019-2	2020	Since children with TNAP deficiency develop bone metaphyseal auto-inflammations in addition to rickets, we hypothesized that TNAP also exerts anti-inflammatory effects relying on the hydrolysis of pro-inflammatory adenosine nucleotides into the anti-inflammatory adenosine.	Adenosine	214-223	alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney	Mus musculus	125-129
32047024-4	2020	Here we found increased expression of adenosine-generating enzymes CD38 and CD73 in irradiated mouse and human breast cancer cells and increased adenosine in mouse tumors following radiotherapy.	Adenosine	38-47	CD38 antigen	Mus musculus	67-71
31958564-0	2020	LncRNA CASC2 inhibits astrocytic activation and adenosine metabolism by regulating PTEN in pentylenetetrazol-induced epilepsy model.	Adenosine	48-57	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	83-87
31638096-13	2020	Long-term adenosine A1 receptor activation levels upregulated alpha-synuclein expression at the post-transcriptional level by affecting sortilin expression.	Adenosine	10-19	synuclein alpha	Rattus norvegicus	62-77
31638096-16	2020	Our findings indicate that suppression of prolonged adenosine A1 receptor activation potently inhibited sortilin expression and alpha-synuclein accumulation, and dramatically improved host cognition and kineticism.	Adenosine	52-61	synuclein alpha	Rattus norvegicus	128-143
32331917-1	2020	Adenylosuccinate synthase (ADSSL1) is a muscle specific enzyme involved in the purine nucleotide cycle and responsible for the conversion of inosine monophosphate to adenosine monophosphate.	Adenosine	166-175	adenylosuccinate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	27-33
31930569-7	2020	Overall, we demonstrated that (a) elevated placental HIF-1alpha by AT1 -AA or LIGHT upregulates CD73 and ADORA2B expression and (b) enhanced adenosine signaling through upregulated ADORA2B induces placental HIF-1alpha expression, which creates a positive feedback loop that promotes FLT-1 expression leading to disease development.	Adenosine	141-150	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	181-188
31930569-7	2020	Overall, we demonstrated that (a) elevated placental HIF-1alpha by AT1 -AA or LIGHT upregulates CD73 and ADORA2B expression and (b) enhanced adenosine signaling through upregulated ADORA2B induces placental HIF-1alpha expression, which creates a positive feedback loop that promotes FLT-1 expression leading to disease development.	Adenosine	141-150	FMS-like tyrosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	283-288
30660686-4	2020	A causal relationship has been described for adenosine-activation of A2A adenosine receptors, hCAT-1, and eNOS activity (i.e. the Adenosine/l-Arginine/Nitric Oxide, ALANO, signalling pathway).	Adenosine	45-54	solute carrier family 7 member 1	Homo sapiens	94-100
31751618-2	2020	Adenosine is an endogenous immunomodulator, whose brain extracellular level is tightly controlled by equilibrative nucleoside transporters-1 (ENT1) and ENT2.	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	101-140
31751618-2	2020	Adenosine is an endogenous immunomodulator, whose brain extracellular level is tightly controlled by equilibrative nucleoside transporters-1 (ENT1) and ENT2.	Adenosine	0-9	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	142-146
32062795-3	2020	METHODS: Platelet surface expression of P-selectin and activated glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), the toll-like receptor (TLR)-1/2 agonist Pam3CSK4, the TLR-4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 agonist SFLLRN, and the PAR-4 agonist AYPGKF were measured by flow cytometry in blood from 80 ticagrelor- and 80 prasugrel-treated ACS patients on day 3 after percutaneous coronary intervention.	Adenosine	107-116	F2R like thrombin or trypsin receptor 3	Homo sapiens	295-300
31974050-8	2020	Age-dependent enhanced expression of CD39/CD73 was observed in purified Treg prior to infection, suggesting increased baseline adenosine production in old mice.	Adenosine	127-136	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	37-41
32399024-5	2020	In addition, equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) protein expression was examined after wheel running, as ENT1 regulates the bidirectional flux of adenosine between intra- and extracellular space.	Adenosine	156-165	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	13-51
32399024-5	2020	In addition, equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) protein expression was examined after wheel running, as ENT1 regulates the bidirectional flux of adenosine between intra- and extracellular space.	Adenosine	156-165	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	53-57
32399024-5	2020	In addition, equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) protein expression was examined after wheel running, as ENT1 regulates the bidirectional flux of adenosine between intra- and extracellular space.	Adenosine	156-165	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	115-119
31834840-15	2020	We conclude that the anti-adrenergic and cardioprotective effects of ranolazine-induced increase in tissue adenosine levels, likely mediated by increasing cN-II activity, may contribute to its beneficial effects in ischemic heart disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ranolazine is a drug used for treatment of angina pectoris in patients with ischemic heart disease.	Adenosine	107-116	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	155-160
31806266-1	2020	N6-(3-Iodobenzyl)adenosine-5"-N-methyluronamide (1a, IB-MECA) exhibited polypharmacological characteristics targeting A3 adenosine receptor (AR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, and PPARdelta, simultaneously.	Adenosine	17-26	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	207-216
31634453-3	2020	Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether the activation of adenosine receptors improves convulsions outcome in carbamazepine (CBZ) resistant animals and modulates the protein levels of efflux transporters (P-GP, MRP1, MRP2) in brain capillaries.	Adenosine	61-70	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1	Rattus norvegicus	214-218
31634453-3	2020	Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether the activation of adenosine receptors improves convulsions outcome in carbamazepine (CBZ) resistant animals and modulates the protein levels of efflux transporters (P-GP, MRP1, MRP2) in brain capillaries.	Adenosine	61-70	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2	Rattus norvegicus	220-224
31786976-4	2020	Likewise, increasing endogenous adenosine by blocking adenosine metabolism with erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (inhibits adenosine deaminase) and 5-iodotubercidin (inhibits adenosine kinase) attenuated P-SMC proliferation and migration.	Adenosine	32-41	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	128-147
31746411-2	2020	Mutations in the ATPase copper transporter 7B (ATP7B) gene, which encodes a membrane P-type adenosine triphosphatase, have been identified as being responsible for WD.	Adenosine	92-101	ATPase copper transporting beta	Homo sapiens	17-45
31746411-2	2020	Mutations in the ATPase copper transporter 7B (ATP7B) gene, which encodes a membrane P-type adenosine triphosphatase, have been identified as being responsible for WD.	Adenosine	92-101	ATPase copper transporting beta	Homo sapiens	47-52
32968716-1	2020	Sucrose nonfermenting 1-related kinase (SNRK) is a serine/threonine kinase and a member of the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family that is involved in the metabolic regulatory mechanisms in various cell types.	Adenosine	95-104	SNF related kinase	Homo sapiens	0-38
32968716-1	2020	Sucrose nonfermenting 1-related kinase (SNRK) is a serine/threonine kinase and a member of the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family that is involved in the metabolic regulatory mechanisms in various cell types.	Adenosine	95-104	SNF related kinase	Homo sapiens	40-44
31818003-3	2019	The prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) augments M2 polarization in part via the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-cyclic AMP responsive element binding (CREB) signaling.	Adenosine	76-85	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	146-150
31839921-1	2019	Background: Adenosine deaminase (ADA) regulates purine metabolism through the conversion of adenosine to uric acid (UA).	Adenosine	92-101	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	12-31
31839921-1	2019	Background: Adenosine deaminase (ADA) regulates purine metabolism through the conversion of adenosine to uric acid (UA).	Adenosine	92-101	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	33-36
31804531-8	2019	In conclusion, this study demonstrates that mouse oocytes can generate ATP from AMP via the adenosine salvage pathway, and cAMP elevation alters adenine nucleotide metabolism and may provide AMP for energy production via the adenosine salvage pathway during the energetically demanding process of meiotic maturation.	Adenosine	225-234	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Mus musculus	123-127
31801551-1	2019	N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is methylation that occurs in the N6-position of adenosine, which is the most prevalent internal modification on eukaryotic mRNA.	Adenosine	9-18	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	20-23
31520704-1	2019	Adenosine deaminase is a critical enzyme in purine metabolism that regulates intra and extracellular adenosine concentrations by converting it to inosine.	Adenosine	101-110	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
31609623-7	2019	In addition, key proteins involved in adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated gluconeogenesis [such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase)] were downregulated in GA-treated T2DM rats.	Adenosine	38-47	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-168
31609623-7	2019	In addition, key proteins involved in adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated gluconeogenesis [such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase)] were downregulated in GA-treated T2DM rats.	Adenosine	38-47	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	170-175
31781678-2	2019	The ADA gene encodes adenosine deaminase, an enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine in the catabolic pathway of purine.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	4-7
30835861-1	2019	The enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1; EC 6.3.4.16) forms carbamoyl phosphate from bicarbonate, ammonia, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and is activated allosterically by N-acetylglutamate.	Adenosine	121-130	carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1	Mus musculus	11-43
30835861-1	2019	The enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1; EC 6.3.4.16) forms carbamoyl phosphate from bicarbonate, ammonia, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and is activated allosterically by N-acetylglutamate.	Adenosine	121-130	carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1	Mus musculus	45-49
31578448-6	2019	Here, we reconstruct the activation pathways of the apo adenosine receptor (A2A), starting from an inactive conformation, by applying adaptive sampling MD combined with a goal-oriented scoring function.	Adenosine	56-65	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	76-79
31479688-7	2019	Adenosine is hydrolyzed by adenosine deaminase (ADA) that interacts with other molecules playing additional roles in this disease.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	27-46
31479688-7	2019	Adenosine is hydrolyzed by adenosine deaminase (ADA) that interacts with other molecules playing additional roles in this disease.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	48-51
31144362-0	2019	LncRNA MEG3 contributes to adenosine-induced cytotoxicity in hepatoma HepG2 cells by downregulated ILF3 and autophagy inhibition via regulation PI3K-AKT-mTOR and beclin-1 signaling pathway.	Adenosine	27-36	beclin 1	Homo sapiens	162-170
31934199-1	2019	OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the expression of P-type copper transporting adenosine triphosphatase ATP7A in the tumor tissues of patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and analyzed its correlation to clinicopathologic features and prognosis of advanced ESCC patients.	Adenosine	80-89	ATPase copper transporting alpha	Homo sapiens	105-110
31434806-3	2019	ADP stimulated P2Y12 receptors, causing bladder smooth muscle (BSM) contraction, whereas adenosine signaling through potentially newly defined A2b receptors, actively inhibited BSM purinergic contractility.	Adenosine	89-98	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	143-146
31418361-1	2019	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells induced by adenosine targeting Prx III.	Adenosine	101-110	peroxiredoxin 3	Homo sapiens	121-128
31379836-7	2019	Adenosine signaling is terminated by intracellular transport by concentrative or equilibrative nucleoside transporters (CNTs and ENTs), deamination to inosine by adenosine deaminase (ADA), or phosphorylation back into AMP via adenosine kinase (AK).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	162-181
31379836-7	2019	Adenosine signaling is terminated by intracellular transport by concentrative or equilibrative nucleoside transporters (CNTs and ENTs), deamination to inosine by adenosine deaminase (ADA), or phosphorylation back into AMP via adenosine kinase (AK).	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	183-186
31106359-4	2019	We show that Uls1, an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent chromatin remodelling (Snf2) enzyme, can alter Top2 chromatin binding and prevent Top2 poisoning in yeast.	Adenosine	22-31	SWI/SNF catalytic subunit SNF2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	84-88
30807826-7	2019	Pharmacological and/or genetic inhibition of transient receptor potential ankyrin subtype 1 (TRPA1), adenylyl cyclase type 1 (AC1), protein kinase A (PKA), or exchange protein directly activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (Epac) blocked MG-evoked hypersensitivity in C57BL/6J mice.	Adenosine	205-214	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	45-91
31216643-1	2019	Adenosine deaminase (ADA), which catalyzes the irreversible deamination of adenosine to inosine, is related to various human diseases such as tuberculous peritonitis and leukemia.	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
31216643-1	2019	Adenosine deaminase (ADA), which catalyzes the irreversible deamination of adenosine to inosine, is related to various human diseases such as tuberculous peritonitis and leukemia.	Adenosine	75-84	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
31216643-4	2019	Inosine, an enzymatic product of ADA with stronger sensitization efficiency for Tb3+ than adenosine, produced a strong luminescence by forming an inosine-Tb3+ complex, and it enabled the direct monitoring of ADA activity in real-time.	Adenosine	90-99	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	33-36
30545927-3	2019	Extracellular adenosine generated via a cell-surface ectoenzyme CD39 on CD150high regulatory T cells maintained hematopoietic stem cell quiescence.	Adenosine	14-23	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	64-68
31002765-2	2019	Adenosine deaminase (ADA), one of the three purine salvage enzymes, catalyzes the irreversible hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine, which is further converted to GMP and AMP for DNA/RNA production.	Adenosine	121-130	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
31002765-2	2019	Adenosine deaminase (ADA), one of the three purine salvage enzymes, catalyzes the irreversible hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine, which is further converted to GMP and AMP for DNA/RNA production.	Adenosine	121-130	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
31002765-3	2019	In addition to adenosine conversion, Plasmodium ADA also catalyzes the conversion of 5"-methylthioadenosine, derived from polyamine biosynthesis, into 5"-methylthioinosine whereas the human enzyme is not capable of this function.	Adenosine	15-24	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	48-51
30983357-6	2019	In hCMEC/D3 cells, amino acid transporters SNAT1, SNAT2, SNAT5, ASCT1, CAT1, and LAT1; adenosine 5"-triphosphate-binding cassette transporters P-gp and MRP4; and GLUT1 were more highly expressed.	Adenosine	87-96	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4	Homo sapiens	152-156
30983357-6	2019	In hCMEC/D3 cells, amino acid transporters SNAT1, SNAT2, SNAT5, ASCT1, CAT1, and LAT1; adenosine 5"-triphosphate-binding cassette transporters P-gp and MRP4; and GLUT1 were more highly expressed.	Adenosine	87-96	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	162-167
31039163-1	2019	Adenosine (A) to inosine (I) RNA editing is a hydrolytic deamination reaction catalyzed by the adenosine deaminase (ADAR) enzyme acting on double-stranded RNA.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	95-114
31058154-5	2019	Considering these drawbacks, 18F-fludarabine, an adenine nucleoside analog, was developed as a novel PET imaging probe.	Adenosine	49-67	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Mus musculus	101-104
31024852-3	2019	To date, among more than 160 different RNA chemical modifications, the more relevant in cancer biology is the reversible and dynamic N6-methylation of adenosine, yielding N6-methyladenosine (m6A).	Adenosine	151-160	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	191-194
30264268-7	2019	RESULTS: Compared with the healthy group, the ADO at PC 6 (P=0.012), PC 3 (P=0.038), PC 2 (P=0.024), and LI 15 (P=0.042) obviously increased in the model group, while no significant difference was observed at LI 11 (P=0.201).	Adenosine	46-49	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5	Rattus norvegicus	53-57
30191993-2	2019	The TRPM2 ion channel is expressed in the kidney and can be activated by various molecules such as hydrogen peroxide, calcium, and cyclic adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose (cADPR) that are produced during acute kidney injury.	Adenosine	138-147	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2	Homo sapiens	4-9
30389492-7	2019	A protein essential for signaling in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, transforming growth factor-beta interacted with Panx3 by modulating intracellular adenosine triphosphate levels and thereby enhanced HaCaT cell migration ability with Panx3 overexpression.	Adenosine	154-163	pannexin 3	Homo sapiens	120-125
30922349-8	2019	CONCLUSION: Our results reveal that accumulation of extracellular ADO promotes the process of the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition via A2BAR/TGF-beta1/Fstl1 signaling in MWCNT-induced lung fibrosis.	Adenosine	66-69	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	141-146
30698736-5	2019	This approach shows for the first time that C9orf72 human induced astrocytes and fibroblasts have an adenosine to inosine deamination defect caused by reduction of adenosine deaminase, which is also observed in induced astrocytes from sporadic patients.	Adenosine	101-110	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	164-183
30698736-6	2019	Patient-derived induced astrocyte lines were more susceptible to adenosine-induced toxicity, which could be mimicked by inhibiting adenosine deaminase in control lines.	Adenosine	65-74	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	131-150
30842989-9	2019	Biologically, PAP exhibits both phosphatase activity and ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity, generating extracellular phosphate and adenosine as the final products.	Adenosine	127-136	acid phosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	14-17
30842989-9	2019	Biologically, PAP exhibits both phosphatase activity and ecto-5"-nucleotidase activity, generating extracellular phosphate and adenosine as the final products.	Adenosine	127-136	acid phosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	57-77
31582632-8	2019	The 2-amino group of the adenosine unit may interact with syn-oxodG at the active site of the Bsu DNA polymerase during the single primer extension reaction.	Adenosine	25-34	synemin	Homo sapiens	58-61
30192643-2	2019	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) by the irreversible deamination of adenosine to inosine contributes to the regulation of adenosine concentration in body fluids.	Adenosine	61-70	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
30192643-2	2019	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) by the irreversible deamination of adenosine to inosine contributes to the regulation of adenosine concentration in body fluids.	Adenosine	115-124	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
30987561-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an important enzyme in purine metabolism and is known as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders and cancer.	Adenosine	12-21	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	33-36
30365112-7	2019	In addition, the tau inhibitor TRx 0237 significantly reversed the promoting effects of Abeta25-35 on tau, p-tau, orexin A and adenosine A1R expression levels, and adenosine A1R or orexin A knockdown also inhibited tau and p-tau expression levels mediated by Abeta25-35 in AD.	Adenosine	127-136	thioredoxin 1	Mus musculus	31-34
30365112-7	2019	In addition, the tau inhibitor TRx 0237 significantly reversed the promoting effects of Abeta25-35 on tau, p-tau, orexin A and adenosine A1R expression levels, and adenosine A1R or orexin A knockdown also inhibited tau and p-tau expression levels mediated by Abeta25-35 in AD.	Adenosine	164-173	thioredoxin 1	Mus musculus	31-34
30351237-9	2019	Disease-related ex vivo studies in HEK 293 cells expressing the TSHR showed that S37a also inhibits cyclic adenosine monophosphate formation by oligoclonal TSAb, which are highly enriched in GO patients" sera.	Adenosine	107-116	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	64-68
30129983-2	2018	Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation is often considered as the most important molecular mechanism although the mechanism has been challenged recently.	Adenosine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	56-60
30441833-2	2018	Adenosine deaminase is important not only to preserve functionality of immune system but also to ensure a correct development and function of central nervous system, probably because its activity regulates the extracellular concentration of adenosine and therefore its function in brain.	Adenosine	241-250	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
30417434-17	2018	However, adenosine potentiated the expression of GADD34 and decreased p-eIF2alpha/eIF2alpha ratio.	Adenosine	9-18	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 15A	Mus musculus	49-55
30417434-19	2018	Taken together, adenosine upregulated Bcl-2 and GADD34 to protect PBCs against Tu-induced apoptosis and increase Insulin secretion.	Adenosine	16-25	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 15A	Mus musculus	48-54
30408123-1	2018	Slc29a1 encodes for equilibrative nucleoside transporter subtype 1 (ENT1), the primary mechanism of adenosine transfer across cell membranes.	Adenosine	100-109	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	0-7
30408123-1	2018	Slc29a1 encodes for equilibrative nucleoside transporter subtype 1 (ENT1), the primary mechanism of adenosine transfer across cell membranes.	Adenosine	100-109	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	20-66
30408123-1	2018	Slc29a1 encodes for equilibrative nucleoside transporter subtype 1 (ENT1), the primary mechanism of adenosine transfer across cell membranes.	Adenosine	100-109	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	68-72
30408123-7	2018	Slc29a1-null mice had significantly (P&lt;0.05) increased plasma adenosine (2.75-fold) and lower blood pressure (~15%  ) than wild-type mice.	Adenosine	65-74	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	0-7
30408123-12	2018	These data also support a role for ENT1 in the regulation of the protective effects of adenosine on contractile function in elastic conduit arteries such as thoracic aorta.	Adenosine	87-96	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	35-39
30405122-3	2018	We show that depletion of Scribbled (Scrib), a baso-lateral determinant, causes epithelial cells to release adenosine through equilibrative channels into the extracellular space.	Adenosine	108-117	scribble planar cell polarity protein	Homo sapiens	26-35
30405122-3	2018	We show that depletion of Scribbled (Scrib), a baso-lateral determinant, causes epithelial cells to release adenosine through equilibrative channels into the extracellular space.	Adenosine	108-117	scribble planar cell polarity protein	Homo sapiens	26-31
30020825-8	2018	Using pharmacological antagonists and A2B adenosine receptor (A2B AR) siRNA knockdown studies, we observed that ADO inhibits oxalate transport through the A2B AR, phospholipase C, and PKC.	Adenosine	112-115	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	62-68
30020825-8	2018	Using pharmacological antagonists and A2B adenosine receptor (A2B AR) siRNA knockdown studies, we observed that ADO inhibits oxalate transport through the A2B AR, phospholipase C, and PKC.	Adenosine	112-115	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	155-161
30020825-10	2018	We conclude that ADO inhibits oxalate transport by lowering PAT1 surface expression in C2 cells through signaling pathways including the A2B AR, PKC, and phospholipase C. Given higher ADO levels and overexpression of the A2B AR in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), our findings have potential relevance to pathophysiology of IBD-associated hyperoxaluria and related KS.	Adenosine	17-20	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	137-143
30020825-10	2018	We conclude that ADO inhibits oxalate transport by lowering PAT1 surface expression in C2 cells through signaling pathways including the A2B AR, PKC, and phospholipase C. Given higher ADO levels and overexpression of the A2B AR in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), our findings have potential relevance to pathophysiology of IBD-associated hyperoxaluria and related KS.	Adenosine	17-20	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	221-227
29758102-7	2018	Mechanistically, activation of ILC3s for IL-22 production is reciprocally mediated by eATP and adenosine.	Adenosine	95-104	interleukin 22	Homo sapiens	41-46
30099007-0	2018	Adenosine activates Galphas proteins and inhibits C3a-induced activation of human mast cells.	Adenosine	0-9	complement C3	Homo sapiens	50-53
30241694-3	2018	In L5178Y-R cells, the uptake of MZR was suppressed by adenosine, a substrate for ENT1 and ENT2, but not by 5-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (0.1 muM), an ENT1 inhibitor.	Adenosine	55-64	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	82-86
30241694-3	2018	In L5178Y-R cells, the uptake of MZR was suppressed by adenosine, a substrate for ENT1 and ENT2, but not by 5-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (0.1 muM), an ENT1 inhibitor.	Adenosine	55-64	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	154-158
30012853-3	2018	In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that CD38 inhibits CD8+ T-cell function via adenosine receptor signaling and that CD38 or adenosine receptor blockade are effective strategies to overcome the resistance.	Adenosine	85-94	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	60-63
29449643-6	2018	Using tandem mass spectrometry, molecular modelling and molecular dynamics simulations, we found that acetylation of JNK at Lys153 would hinder the stable interactions of the negatively charged phosphates and prevent the adenosine binding to JNK.	Adenosine	221-230	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	117-120
29449643-6	2018	Using tandem mass spectrometry, molecular modelling and molecular dynamics simulations, we found that acetylation of JNK at Lys153 would hinder the stable interactions of the negatively charged phosphates and prevent the adenosine binding to JNK.	Adenosine	221-230	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	242-245
29558203-9	2018	Increasing adenosine levels, as well as stimulating the adenosine receptors A2A and A2B, exhibited strong prodegenerative effects, whereas conversely, lowering adenosine levels by inhibition of CD73 resulted in protective effects against degeneration.	Adenosine	56-65	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	76-87
29168172-0	2018	Extracellular adenosine-induced Rac1 activation in pulmonary endothelium: Molecular mechanisms and barrier-protective role.	Adenosine	14-23	Rac family small GTPase 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
29168172-3	2018	In the current study, we tested the overall hypothesis that adenosine-induced Rac1 activation and EC barrier enhancement is mediated by Gs-dependent stimulation of cAMP-dependent Epac1-mediated signaling cascades.	Adenosine	60-69	Rac family small GTPase 1	Homo sapiens	78-82
29168172-3	2018	In the current study, we tested the overall hypothesis that adenosine-induced Rac1 activation and EC barrier enhancement is mediated by Gs-dependent stimulation of cAMP-dependent Epac1-mediated signaling cascades.	Adenosine	60-69	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	179-184
29168172-6	2018	The adenosine-induced increase in TER was accompanied by activation of Rac1, decrease in contractility (MLC dephosphorylation), but not Rho inhibition.	Adenosine	4-13	Rac family small GTPase 1	Homo sapiens	71-75
29168172-7	2018	Conversely, inhibition of Rac1 activity attenuates adenosine-induced increase in TER.	Adenosine	51-60	Rac family small GTPase 1	Homo sapiens	26-30
29168172-9	2018	Depletion of Epac1 attenuated the adenosine-induced Rac1 activation and the increase in TER.	Adenosine	34-43	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	13-18
29168172-9	2018	Depletion of Epac1 attenuated the adenosine-induced Rac1 activation and the increase in TER.	Adenosine	34-43	Rac family small GTPase 1	Homo sapiens	52-56
29168172-10	2018	Furthermore, silencing of Rac1 specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), Vav2 and Rap1a expression significantly attenuated adenosine-induced increases in TER and activation of Rac1.	Adenosine	135-144	Rac family small GTPase 1	Homo sapiens	26-30
29168172-10	2018	Furthermore, silencing of Rac1 specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), Vav2 and Rap1a expression significantly attenuated adenosine-induced increases in TER and activation of Rac1.	Adenosine	135-144	Rac family small GTPase 1	Homo sapiens	188-192
29168172-11	2018	Depletion of Rap1b only modestly impacted adenosine-induced increases in TER and Tiam1 depletion had no effect on adenosine-induced Rac1 activation and TER.	Adenosine	42-51	TIAM Rac1 associated GEF 1	Homo sapiens	81-86
29168172-12	2018	Together these data strongly suggest that Rac1 activity is required for adenosine-induced EC barrier enhancement and that the activation of Rac1 and ability to strengthen the EC barrier depends, at least in part, on cAMP-dependent Epac1/Vav2/Rap1-mediated signaling.	Adenosine	72-81	Rac family small GTPase 1	Homo sapiens	42-46
29168172-12	2018	Together these data strongly suggest that Rac1 activity is required for adenosine-induced EC barrier enhancement and that the activation of Rac1 and ability to strengthen the EC barrier depends, at least in part, on cAMP-dependent Epac1/Vav2/Rap1-mediated signaling.	Adenosine	72-81	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	231-236
30060448-1	2018	Adenosine deaminase (ADA), able to catalyze the irreversible deamination of adenosine into inosine, can be found in almost all tissues and plays an important role in several diseases.	Adenosine	76-85	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
30060448-1	2018	Adenosine deaminase (ADA), able to catalyze the irreversible deamination of adenosine into inosine, can be found in almost all tissues and plays an important role in several diseases.	Adenosine	76-85	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
29729889-11	2018	In conclusion, the A2a-adenosine system is decreased in MCAT, but it maintains its function; moreover, miR-221 could participate in promoting inflammation in adipose tissue.	Adenosine	23-32	malonyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase	Homo sapiens	56-60
29483661-8	2018	In pyramidal neurons, changes in ENT1 and ADA mRNA may suggest increased catabolism of adenosine.	Adenosine	87-96	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	42-45
30003836-9	2018	Finally, this study suggests that in hemolytic diseases released ADA and PNP may increase the risk of PH, likely by abolishing the vasoprotective effects of adenosine, inosine and guanosine.	Adenosine	157-166	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
29962948-5	2018	Nevertheless, other transporters such as CNT2 and CNT3 can also contribute to purinergic modulation based on their high affinity for adenosine and concentrative capacity.	Adenosine	133-142	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	41-45
29928232-11	2018	Moreover, the ability of hCNT2 and hCNT3 to transport adenosine links both proteins to purinergic signaling.	Adenosine	54-63	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	25-30
29332180-4	2018	The balance between extracellular ATP and adenosine in the blood and extracellular fluid is regulated chiefly by the activities of CD39 and CD73, which constitute the CD39-adenosinergic axis.	Adenosine	42-51	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	131-135
29499460-3	2018	Ultraviolet spectroscopy with adenosine (AD) as a substrate is a classical approach for screening potential ADA inhibitors by measuring the decrease in substrate (AD) at 265 nm or increase in the product (inosine) at 248 nm.	Adenosine	30-39	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	108-111
29499460-3	2018	Ultraviolet spectroscopy with adenosine (AD) as a substrate is a classical approach for screening potential ADA inhibitors by measuring the decrease in substrate (AD) at 265 nm or increase in the product (inosine) at 248 nm.	Adenosine	41-43	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	108-111
29854023-6	2018	An ADA assay, in which ADA irreversibly catalyzes the conversion of adenosine into inosine, was performed using a commercial kit.	Adenosine	68-77	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	3-6
29854023-6	2018	An ADA assay, in which ADA irreversibly catalyzes the conversion of adenosine into inosine, was performed using a commercial kit.	Adenosine	68-77	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	23-26
29780382-4	2018	We find the latter to be caused by the purinergic pathway that directs release of extracellular ATP and its conversion to immunosuppressive adenosine by co-expressed CD39 and CD73.	Adenosine	140-149	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	166-170
29943954-9	2018	Moreover, ENPP1-, 2- and 3-immunoreactivities were colocalized with P2X2R, P2X3R and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), as an ectoenzyme for metabolism from AMP to adenosine.	Adenosine	163-172	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-15
28881011-2	2018	Studies using muscle velocity recovery cycles (MVRCs) suggest Na+ /K+ -adenosine triphosphatase activation becomes defective in advanced DM1.	Adenosine	71-80	DM1 protein kinase	Homo sapiens	137-140
29559698-3	2018	Incubation with the cAMP elevating stimuli, adenosine, prostacyclin mimetics or low levels of forksolin activated CREB without changing CREB phosphorylation on serine-133 but induced nuclear translocation of the CREB co-factors CRTC-2 and CRTC-3.	Adenosine	44-53	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	114-118
29027751-3	2018	Here we focus on 3 of the most abundant adenosine methylations: N6-methyladenosine (m6 A), N6,2"-O-dimethyladenosine (m6 Am) and N1-methyladenosine (m1 A).	Adenosine	40-49	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	64-88
28982733-5	2018	Hence, we hypothesized that increased adenosine generation in response to infection is mediated by tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), which is a low-affinity, high-capacity enzyme that catabolizes nucleotides in a nonspecific manner.	Adenosine	38-47	alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney	Mus musculus	140-144
28429285-0	2018	The Organogermanium Compound Ge-132 Interacts with Nucleic Acid Components and Inhibits the Catalysis of Adenosine Substrate by Adenosine Deaminase.	Adenosine	105-114	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	128-147
28429285-4	2018	In addition, we evaluated the effect of added THGP on the enzymatic activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) when using adenosine or 2"-deoxyadenosine as a substrate.	Adenosine	80-89	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	101-104
28429285-7	2018	Notably, THGP also inhibited the catalysis of adenosine by ADA in a concentration-dependent manner.	Adenosine	46-55	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	59-62
28742222-4	2017	As expected, however, the cerebrospinal fluid of CD39-/- mice contained increased levels of ATP and decreased levels of adenosine.	Adenosine	120-129	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	49-53
28742222-9	2017	In summary, we show a correlation between altered extracellular ATP/adenosine ratio and a previously unreported seizure phenotype in CD39-/- mice.	Adenosine	68-77	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	133-137
29083399-3	2017	Biochemical and functional analyses show that adenosine, but not typical suppressive factors such as PD-L1, CTLA-4, TGF-beta, IL-35, and IL-10, contributes to apoptotic Treg-cell-mediated immunosuppression.	Adenosine	46-55	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	137-142
28902712-3	2017	ADO (200 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 30 min before PTZ (55-65 mg/kg) treatment, and Western blot assays and immunohistochemistry were performed 3 h after the onset of acute status epilepticus to detect phospho-TOR and the downstream target of mTOR, phospho-S6.	Adenosine	0-3	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	257-261
28554875-2	2017	P2X7 receptor activation by extracellular ATP (eATP) exacerbates inflammation by augmenting cytokine production; while CD39 (ENTPD1) scavenges eATP to generate adenosine, thereby limiting P2X7 activation and resulting in A2A receptor stimulation.	Adenosine	160-169	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	119-123
28554875-2	2017	P2X7 receptor activation by extracellular ATP (eATP) exacerbates inflammation by augmenting cytokine production; while CD39 (ENTPD1) scavenges eATP to generate adenosine, thereby limiting P2X7 activation and resulting in A2A receptor stimulation.	Adenosine	160-169	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	125-131
28554875-12	2017	CONCLUSIONS: CD39 attenuates sepsis-associated liver injury by scavenging eATP and ultimately generating adenosine.	Adenosine	105-114	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	13-17
28554875-14	2017	Lay summary: CD39 expression in macrophages limits P2X7-mediated pro-inflammatory responses, scavenging extracellular ATP and ultimately generating adenosine.	Adenosine	148-157	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	13-17
28910636-1	2017	Many viral RNAs are modified by methylation of the N6 position of adenosine (m6A).	Adenosine	66-75	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	77-80
28370734-13	2017	Moreover, adenosine inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation and GLI-1 protein expression.	Adenosine	10-19	GLI family zinc finger 1	Homo sapiens	57-62
28370734-14	2017	CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicated that adenosine induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through inhibition of GLI-1 and ERK1/2 pathways in breast CSCs.	Adenosine	43-52	GLI family zinc finger 1	Homo sapiens	115-120
28432149-3	2017	The proinflammatory danger signal ATP, released from damaged cells, is degraded by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 to the anti-inflammatory mediator adenosine.	Adenosine	153-162	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	105-109
28325731-3	2017	AMP can also be hydrolyzed to adenosine by cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase 1A (NT5C1A).	Adenosine	30-39	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA	Mus musculus	43-71
28325731-3	2017	AMP can also be hydrolyzed to adenosine by cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase 1A (NT5C1A).	Adenosine	30-39	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA	Mus musculus	73-79
28495790-11	2017	Cultured BMDC agonists of A2AR and A2BR inhibited IL-15 production and adenosine blocked IL-15-dependent proliferation of cytotoxic T cells that were cocultured with stimulated BMDCs.	Adenosine	71-80	interleukin 15	Mus musculus	89-94
28495790-12	2017	To conclude, we suggest that SIRS-associated lymphopenia is initiated by A1R desensitization and adenosine-mediated inhibition of IL-15 production is part of the mechanism that accounts for the delay in leukopenia recovery in patients with severe sepsis.	Adenosine	97-106	interleukin 15	Homo sapiens	130-135
28636603-4	2017	These modified residues cluster in an extended loop in RACK1, phosphorylation of which selects for translation of viral or reporter mRNAs with 5" untranslated regions that contain adenosine repeats, so-called polyA-leaders.	Adenosine	180-189	receptor for activated C kinase 1	Homo sapiens	55-60
28636603-7	2017	By converting human RACK1 to a charged, plant-like state, poxviruses remodel host ribosomes so that adenosine repeats erroneously generated by slippage of the viral RNA polymerase confer a translational advantage.	Adenosine	100-109	receptor for activated C kinase 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
28538168-9	2017	Adenosine presynaptically inhibits glutamatergic inputs to wake-promoting cholinergic and GABAergic/parvalbumin neurons, promoting sleep.	Adenosine	0-9	parvalbumin	Homo sapiens	100-111
27915051-2	2017	This review makes the point that caffeine is - in low doses - an antagonist of adenosine acting at A1, A2A and A2B receptors.	Adenosine	79-88	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	103-106
28542132-2	2017	Recent studies showed evidence that the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 influence migration of immune cells and their activity was linked to adenosine concentrations.	Adenosine	189-198	chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4	Mus musculus	104-109
27998058-1	2017	The neural circuit of the dorsal hippocampus (dHip) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) contributes to cue-induced learning and addictive behaviors, as demonstrated by the escalation of ethanol-seeking behaviors observed following deletion of the adenosine equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1-/-) in mice.	Adenosine	239-248	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	289-293
28330993-3	2017	Peptide sequences derived from the well-defined CARM1 substrate poly(A)-binding protein 1 (PABP1) were covalently linked to an adenosine moiety as in the AdoMet cofactor to generate transition state mimics.	Adenosine	127-136	coactivator associated arginine methyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	48-53
28376099-7	2017	These data indicate that under normal physiological conditions, CD39 and CD73 nucleotidases together with equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) control the fate of extracellular adenosine and thereby the ramification of microglial processes.	Adenosine	186-195	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	64-68
28376099-7	2017	These data indicate that under normal physiological conditions, CD39 and CD73 nucleotidases together with equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) control the fate of extracellular adenosine and thereby the ramification of microglial processes.	Adenosine	186-195	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	106-144
28376099-7	2017	These data indicate that under normal physiological conditions, CD39 and CD73 nucleotidases together with equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) control the fate of extracellular adenosine and thereby the ramification of microglial processes.	Adenosine	186-195	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	146-150
28060378-6	2017	We then found that enzymatic depletion of adenosine or inhibition of the adenosine receptor A2a on LEC-MF abrogated apoptotic cell suppression of TNF, and this suppression was entirely dependent on the ecto-enzyme CD73 (AMP adenosine) but not CD39 (ATP AMP), both of which are highly expressed on RPMF.	Adenosine	42-51	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	243-247
28319644-8	2017	Furthermore, it appears that the RRF is involved in other relaxation pathways, namely those of hypoxia, adenosine, and adenosine triphosphate, hydrogen sulfide, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and dorzolamide.	Adenosine	104-113	mitochondrial ribosome recycling factor	Homo sapiens	33-36
27974241-2	2017	Adenosine is an ubiquitous autacoid regulating several microglia functions through four receptor subtypes named A1, A2A, A2B and A3 (ARs), that represent good targets to suppress inflammation occurring in CNS.	Adenosine	0-9	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	121-131
28069792-5	2017	Targeting adenosine tone for treating HD was examined in R6/2 mice by genetic removal of ENT1 and by giving an ENT1 inhibitor, respectively.	Adenosine	10-19	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	89-93
28069792-5	2017	Targeting adenosine tone for treating HD was examined in R6/2 mice by genetic removal of ENT1 and by giving an ENT1 inhibitor, respectively.	Adenosine	10-19	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	111-115
28069792-9	2017	Intrastriatal administration of ENT1 inhibitors increased extracellular level of adenosine in the striatum of R6/2 mice to a much higher level than controls.	Adenosine	81-90	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	32-36
28069792-12	2017	The inhibition of ENT1 can enhance extracellular adenosine level and be a potential therapeutic approach for treating HD.	Adenosine	49-58	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	18-22
28028617-9	2017	In ATP- and adenosine-responsive cells, iberiotoxin and TRAM-34 diminished electrical responses, implicating both KCa1.1 and KCa3.1 channels in coupling agonist-dependent Ca2+ signals to membrane voltage.	Adenosine	12-21	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1	Homo sapiens	114-120
27919679-7	2017	We demonstrate that adenosine-induced translocation of PKCepsilon to mitochondria is mediated by a caveolin-3-dependent mechanism and this process is age-related, possibly in part, through regulation of HSP90 and TOM70 expression.	Adenosine	20-29	translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 70	Rattus norvegicus	213-218
27920077-0	2016	Letter by He Regarding Article, "Adenosine-Induced Atrial Fibrillation: Localized Reentrant Drivers in Lateral Right Atria Due to Heterogeneous Expression of Adenosine A1 Receptors and GIRK4 Subunits in the Human Heart".	Adenosine	33-42	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 5	Homo sapiens	185-190
27920078-0	2016	Response by Li et al to Letter Regarding Article, "Adenosine-Induced Atrial Fibrillation: Localized Reentrant Drivers in Lateral Right Atria Due to Heterogeneous Expression of Adenosine A1 Receptors and GIRK4 Subunits in the Human Heart".	Adenosine	51-60	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 5	Homo sapiens	203-208
27634913-2	2016	Evidence shows that the MRP1 transporter is controlled by the adenosine signalling axis.	Adenosine	62-71	CD9 molecule	Homo sapiens	24-28
27634913-4	2016	We found that GSCs have increased intrinsic capacity to generate extracellular adenosine, thus controlling MRP1 transporter expression and activity via activation of the adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR).	Adenosine	79-88	CD9 molecule	Homo sapiens	107-111
27626909-4	2016	NADE used 1,8-naphthalimide as the signal reporter and adenosine (Ade) as the reaction center; removal of the Ade moiety enhanced the fluorescence by &gt;10-fold.	Adenosine	55-64	brain expressed X-linked 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
27626909-4	2016	NADE used 1,8-naphthalimide as the signal reporter and adenosine (Ade) as the reaction center; removal of the Ade moiety enhanced the fluorescence by &gt;10-fold.	Adenosine	66-69	brain expressed X-linked 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
27626909-4	2016	NADE used 1,8-naphthalimide as the signal reporter and adenosine (Ade) as the reaction center; removal of the Ade moiety enhanced the fluorescence by &gt;10-fold.	Adenosine	110-113	brain expressed X-linked 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
27430240-6	2016	The results revealed that adenosine and CGS21680 significantly upregulated CD39 and CD73 expression (P&lt;0.01).	Adenosine	26-35	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	75-79
27430240-9	2016	Based on these results, it can be inferred that adenosine, the adenosine A2A receptor agonist, E2F-1 and CREB are the possible factors contributing to the high expression of CD39 and CD73 on the Treg cell surface during sepsis.	Adenosine	48-57	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	174-178
27430240-10	2016	Adenosine and its A2A receptor agonist served as the signal transducer factors of the CD39/CD73/adenosine pathway, accelerating adenosine generation.	Adenosine	0-9	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	86-90
27430240-10	2016	Adenosine and its A2A receptor agonist served as the signal transducer factors of the CD39/CD73/adenosine pathway, accelerating adenosine generation.	Adenosine	96-105	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	86-90
27430240-10	2016	Adenosine and its A2A receptor agonist served as the signal transducer factors of the CD39/CD73/adenosine pathway, accelerating adenosine generation.	Adenosine	128-137	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	86-90
27221704-4	2016	Knockdown of A2BR on mouse and human cancer cells reduces their metastasis in vivo and decreases their viability and colony-forming ability, while transiently delaying cell-cycle arrest in vitro The prometastatic activity of adenosine is partly tumor A2BR dependent and independent of host A2BR expression.	Adenosine	225-234	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	13-17
27221704-4	2016	Knockdown of A2BR on mouse and human cancer cells reduces their metastasis in vivo and decreases their viability and colony-forming ability, while transiently delaying cell-cycle arrest in vitro The prometastatic activity of adenosine is partly tumor A2BR dependent and independent of host A2BR expression.	Adenosine	225-234	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	251-255
27221704-4	2016	Knockdown of A2BR on mouse and human cancer cells reduces their metastasis in vivo and decreases their viability and colony-forming ability, while transiently delaying cell-cycle arrest in vitro The prometastatic activity of adenosine is partly tumor A2BR dependent and independent of host A2BR expression.	Adenosine	225-234	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	251-255
27466333-7	2016	Because serotonin- and adenosine-dependent pMF interact via cross talk inhibition, we hypothesized that pMF is obscured because the competing mechanisms of pMF are balanced and offsetting during mASH.	Adenosine	23-32	growth factor receptor bound protein 2	Mus musculus	195-199
27208163-5	2016	Compared with controls, hypoxic CD39(-/-) mice were found to have a markedly elevated ATP-to-adenosine ratio, higher pulmonary arterial pressures, more right ventricular hypertrophy, more arterial medial hypertrophy, and a pro-thrombotic phenotype.	Adenosine	93-102	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	32-36
27279228-9	2016	The TGS (ThrRS, GTPase and SpoT) domain of RelA binds the CCA tail to orient the free 3" hydroxyl group of the terminal adenosine towards a beta-strand, such that an aminoacylated tRNA at this position would be sterically precluded.	Adenosine	120-129	threonyl-tRNA synthetase 3	Homo sapiens	9-14
26660341-2	2016	The ATP7B gene, which is mutated in WD, encodes a multitransmembrane domain adenosine triphosphatase that traffics from the trans-Golgi network to the canalicular area of hepatocytes, where it facilitates excretion of excess Cu into the bile.	Adenosine	76-85	ATPase copper transporting beta	Homo sapiens	4-9
26980102-1	2016	Adenosine deaminase-1 (ADA1) regulates the concentration of adenosine as the main modulator of oocyte maturation.	Adenosine	60-69	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
27007871-1	2016	To test the hypothesis that inhibitors of human concentrative nucleoside transporter 2 (hCNT2) suppress increases in serum urate levels derived from dietary purines, we previously identified adenosine derivative 1 as a potent hCNT2 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.64 muM), but further study was hampered due to its poor solubility.	Adenosine	191-200	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	48-86
27007871-1	2016	To test the hypothesis that inhibitors of human concentrative nucleoside transporter 2 (hCNT2) suppress increases in serum urate levels derived from dietary purines, we previously identified adenosine derivative 1 as a potent hCNT2 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.64 muM), but further study was hampered due to its poor solubility.	Adenosine	191-200	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	88-93
27007871-1	2016	To test the hypothesis that inhibitors of human concentrative nucleoside transporter 2 (hCNT2) suppress increases in serum urate levels derived from dietary purines, we previously identified adenosine derivative 1 as a potent hCNT2 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.64 muM), but further study was hampered due to its poor solubility.	Adenosine	191-200	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	226-231
26606306-4	2016	We specifically apply the tunable riboswitches properties of this strategy to demonstrate the multiplexes analysis of adenosine and adenosine deaminase (ADA).	Adenosine	118-127	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	153-156
26746865-1	2016	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a ubiquitous enzyme that catabolizes adenosine and deoxyadenosine.	Adenosine	66-75	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
26746865-1	2016	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a ubiquitous enzyme that catabolizes adenosine and deoxyadenosine.	Adenosine	66-75	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
26746865-3	2016	Since adenosine is a known neuroprotective agent, adenosine deaminase was thought to have a negative effect during ischemia.	Adenosine	6-15	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	50-69
26718241-2	2016	Recent studies suggest that adenosine-mediated regulation of erectile function is mainly mediated through A2BAR activation.	Adenosine	28-37	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	106-111
25428621-0	2016	Mdivi-1 Protects Against Ischemic Brain Injury via Elevating Extracellular Adenosine in a cAMP/CREB-CD39-Dependent Manner.	Adenosine	75-84	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	100-104
26774140-5	2016	Moreover, by determining the expression of molecules which were involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) progress, we found that epithelial marker E-cadherin was significantly increased in response to adenosine treatment, while the mesenchymal markers including N-cadherin and fibronectin were decreased.	Adenosine	215-224	cadherin 2	Homo sapiens	276-286
26637167-5	2015	Adar enzymes convert adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) and modify the sequence of RNA transcripts.	Adenosine	21-30	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Danio rerio	0-4
26420826-1	2015	Splicing factor 1 (SF1) recognizes the branch point sequence (BPS) at the 3" splice site during the formation of early complex E, thereby pre-bulging the BPS adenosine, thought to facilitate subsequent base-pairing of the U2 snRNA with the BPS.	Adenosine	158-167	splicing factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-17
26420826-1	2015	Splicing factor 1 (SF1) recognizes the branch point sequence (BPS) at the 3" splice site during the formation of early complex E, thereby pre-bulging the BPS adenosine, thought to facilitate subsequent base-pairing of the U2 snRNA with the BPS.	Adenosine	158-167	splicing factor 1	Homo sapiens	19-22
26631392-1	2015	BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of prophylactic intracoronary adenosine administered during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to unstable angina pectoris on myonecrosis by measuring post-procedural levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB).	Adenosine	92-101	troponin I3, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	249-267
26631392-1	2015	BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of prophylactic intracoronary adenosine administered during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to unstable angina pectoris on myonecrosis by measuring post-procedural levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB).	Adenosine	92-101	troponin I3, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	269-273
26631392-8	2015	Post-procedural abnormal cTnI levels in the adenosine group were significantly lower than the placebo group (32 % vs. 55 %, p: 0.011).	Adenosine	44-53	troponin I3, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	25-29
26530509-3	2015	We observed remarkable bioenergetic damage in ARSACS cells, as indicated by reduced basal, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-linked and maximal mitochondrial respiration rate, and by reduced respiratory chain activities and mitochondrial ATP synthesis.	Adenosine	91-100	sacsin molecular chaperone	Homo sapiens	46-52
26549640-0	2015	NADH oxidase-dependent CD39 expression by CD8(+) T cells modulates interferon gamma responses via generation of adenosine.	Adenosine	112-121	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	42-45
26549640-4	2015	CD39(+)CD8(+) T cells substantially inhibit IFNgamma production by CD39(-)CD8(+) T cells via the paracrine generation of adenosine, which is operational via adenosine type 2A receptors.	Adenosine	121-130	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	7-10
26549640-4	2015	CD39(+)CD8(+) T cells substantially inhibit IFNgamma production by CD39(-)CD8(+) T cells via the paracrine generation of adenosine, which is operational via adenosine type 2A receptors.	Adenosine	121-130	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	74-77
26478088-5	2015	Moreover, we showed that FBP-induced adenosine generation requires hydrolysis of extracellular ATP through the activity of the ectonucleosides triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (ENTPD1, also known as CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (E5NT, also known as CD73).	Adenosine	37-46	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	127-176
26478088-5	2015	Moreover, we showed that FBP-induced adenosine generation requires hydrolysis of extracellular ATP through the activity of the ectonucleosides triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (ENTPD1, also known as CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (E5NT, also known as CD73).	Adenosine	37-46	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	178-184
26478088-5	2015	Moreover, we showed that FBP-induced adenosine generation requires hydrolysis of extracellular ATP through the activity of the ectonucleosides triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (ENTPD1, also known as CD39) and ecto-5"-nucleotidase (E5NT, also known as CD73).	Adenosine	37-46	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	200-204
26371472-9	2015	The comparative analysis of hBD-induced Ado accumulation in different E. coli strains and in Pseudomonas aeruginosa revealed that the response is not correlated to the peptide"s effect on cell viability, but indicates it might be dependent on the subcellular distribution of the nucleotidase.	Adenosine	40-43	HBD	Homo sapiens	28-31
26143012-1	2015	The type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1) is implicated in regulating levels of extracellular adenosine ([AD]ex).	Adenosine	107-116	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	49-53
26150530-5	2015	Exposure of TLR4 or TNF-alpha-stimulated monocytes to adenosine analogs directs changes in the expression of MIP-3alpha and IL-23p19, with NR4A2 depletion leading to significantly enhanced expression of these factors.	Adenosine	54-63	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2	Mus musculus	139-144
26150530-6	2015	Furthermore, we establish that nuclear levels of NF-kappaB/p65 are increased in TLR/adenosine-stimulated NR4A2-depleted cells.	Adenosine	84-93	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2	Mus musculus	105-110
26025137-2	2015	Previous work demonstrated that Abeta decreases activity-induced BDNF transcription by regulating cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation.	Adenosine	105-114	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	65-69
26025137-2	2015	Previous work demonstrated that Abeta decreases activity-induced BDNF transcription by regulating cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation.	Adenosine	105-114	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	163-167
26186700-6	2015	The effect of Tudor-SN gene knockdown on tick feeding could be due to down-regulation of genes that are required for protein processing and blood digestion through a mechanism that may involve selective degradation of dsRNAs enriched in G:U pairs that form as a result of adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing.	Adenosine	272-281	staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	14-22
25389034-1	2015	The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 sequentially degrade the extracellular ATP pool and release immunosuppressive adenosine, thereby regulating inflammatory responses.	Adenosine	114-123	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	22-26
25921535-4	2015	This occurs by a mechanism of adenosine-mediated inactivation of the orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AGRP) neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) via adenosine A1 receptors.	Adenosine	30-39	agouti related neuropeptide	Homo sapiens	80-102
25921535-4	2015	This occurs by a mechanism of adenosine-mediated inactivation of the orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AGRP) neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) via adenosine A1 receptors.	Adenosine	30-39	agouti related neuropeptide	Homo sapiens	104-108
26003082-6	2015	ADK/ADA inhibitors increased the level of extracellular adenosine but not of adenine nucleotides, which was suppressed by inhibition of equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT) 2.	Adenosine	56-65	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
25587035-5	2015	Next, using 4 adenosine receptor-deficient mice and pharmacological approaches, we determined that the A2B adenosine receptor (ADORA2B) is essential for adenosine-induced SphK1 activity in human and mouse normal and sickle erythrocytes in vitro.	Adenosine	14-23	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	127-134
25587035-7	2015	Lowering adenosine by ADA enzyme therapy or genetic deletion of ADORA2B significantly reduced excess adenosine-induced erythrocyte SphK1 activity in ADA-deficient mice.	Adenosine	101-110	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	64-71
25587035-8	2015	Finally, we revealed that protein kinase A-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation functioning downstream of ADORA2B underlies adenosine-induced erythrocyte SphK1 activity.	Adenosine	149-158	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	131-138
25403716-9	2015	CD39+CD73+ cancer cells inhibited the proliferation of CD4 and CD8 T cells and the generation of cytotoxic effector CD8 T cells (CTL) in a CD39- and adenosine-dependent manner.	Adenosine	149-158	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	63-66
25403716-9	2015	CD39+CD73+ cancer cells inhibited the proliferation of CD4 and CD8 T cells and the generation of cytotoxic effector CD8 T cells (CTL) in a CD39- and adenosine-dependent manner.	Adenosine	149-158	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	116-119
25580842-3	2015	An enzymatic assay of adenosine was developed by combined adenosine deaminase (ADA) with indophenol method.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	58-77
25580842-3	2015	An enzymatic assay of adenosine was developed by combined adenosine deaminase (ADA) with indophenol method.	Adenosine	22-31	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	79-82
25580842-4	2015	The ADA catalyzes the cleavage of adenosine to inosine and NH3 , the latter can be accurately determined by indophenol method.	Adenosine	34-43	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	4-7
25580842-9	2015	The high selectivity and accuracy of the ADA assay provides rapid and high-throughput analysis of adenosine in large numbers of samples.	Adenosine	98-107	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	41-44
25815140-4	2015	By modifying adenosine, an hCNT2 substrate, we successfully identified 8-aminoadenosine derivatives as a new class of hCNT2 inhibitors.	Adenosine	13-22	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	27-32
25815140-4	2015	By modifying adenosine, an hCNT2 substrate, we successfully identified 8-aminoadenosine derivatives as a new class of hCNT2 inhibitors.	Adenosine	13-22	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	118-123
25754047-2	2015	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) can degrade adenosine and bind extracellularly to adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
25754047-2	2015	Adenosine deaminase (ADA) can degrade adenosine and bind extracellularly to adenosine receptors.	Adenosine	38-47	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
25293641-5	2015	The ADA-catalyzed conversion of adenosine to inosine and ammonia leads to a local pH alteration, changing the absorbance maximum of PR (from 425 to 567 nm), which is measured optically.	Adenosine	32-41	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	4-7
25318478-4	2015	Here we hypothesized that adenosine signaling through the ADORA2B on AAMs impacts the progression of these disorders and that conditional deletion of ADORA2B on myeloid cells would have a beneficial effect in a model of these diseases.	Adenosine	26-35	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	58-65
25354767-4	2015	This was phenocopied by raising intracellular adenosine levels with a combination of inhibitors of adenosine kinase, adenosine deaminase, and the equilibrative nucleoside transporter: mature receptors with complex glycosylation accumulated at the cell surface and bound to an A1-selective antagonist with an affinity indistinguishable from the wild-type A1 receptor.	Adenosine	46-55	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	117-136
25575647-4	2015	The molecule cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) is at a central converging point of pathways and mechanisms activated during the processes of synaptic strengthening and memory formation, as CREB phosphorylation leads to transcription of memory-associated genes.	Adenosine	20-29	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	78-82
25575647-4	2015	The molecule cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) is at a central converging point of pathways and mechanisms activated during the processes of synaptic strengthening and memory formation, as CREB phosphorylation leads to transcription of memory-associated genes.	Adenosine	20-29	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	226-230
25575647-7	2015	In this review, we will summarize literature that investigates 5 possible therapeutic pathways for rescuing synaptic dysfunction in AD: 4 enzymatic pathways that lead to CREB phosphorylation (the cyclic adenosine monophosphate cascade, the serine/threonine kinases extracellular regulated kinases 1 and 2, the nitric oxide cascade, and the calpains), as well as histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases (2 enzymes that regulate the histone acetylation necessary for gene transcription).	Adenosine	203-212	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	170-174
26219715-4	2015	We expected that inhibiting TNAP with tetramisole would lead to an increase of neuronal response amplitude, owing to a diminished availability of GABA and/or adenosine.	Adenosine	158-167	alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney	Mus musculus	28-32
25392527-4	2014	We identified a novel population of B cells that expresses CD73 as well as CD39, two ectoenzymes that together catalyze the extracellular dephosphorylation of adenine nucleotides to adenosine.	Adenosine	182-191	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	75-79
25392527-7	2014	In keeping with expression of both CD73 and CD39, we found that CD73(+) B cells produce adenosine in the presence of substrate, whereas B-2 cells do not.	Adenosine	88-97	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	44-48
25674224-1	2014	Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) is expressed in nociceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and functions as an ectonucleotidase that dephosphorylates extracellular adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine to suppress pain via activating A1-adenosine receptor (A1R) in dorsal spinal cord.	Adenosine	169-178	acid phosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	0-26
25674224-1	2014	Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) is expressed in nociceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and functions as an ectonucleotidase that dephosphorylates extracellular adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine to suppress pain via activating A1-adenosine receptor (A1R) in dorsal spinal cord.	Adenosine	169-178	acid phosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	28-31
25120128-1	2014	UNLABELLED: Intratumoral hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1-alpha)-dependent CD39/CD73 ectoenzymes may govern the accumulation of tumor-protecting extracellular adenosine and signaling through A2A adenosine receptors (A2AR) in tumor microenvironments (TME).	Adenosine	177-186	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	93-97
25120128-2	2014	Here, we explored the conceptually novel motivation to use supplemental oxygen as a treatment to inhibit the hypoxia/HIF-1alpha-CD39/CD73-driven accumulation of extracellular adenosine in the TME in order to weaken the tumor protection.	Adenosine	175-184	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	128-132
25393959-1	2014	BACKGROUND: The inhibitory effect of adenosine on platelet aggregation is abrogated after the addition of adenosine-deaminase.	Adenosine	37-46	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	106-125
25393959-10	2014	In addition, SQ22536 (an adenylate cyclase inhibitor) and ZM241385 (a potent adenosine receptor A2A antagonist) attenuated the effect of adenosine on platelet aggregation induced by ADP and intraplatelet level of cAMP.	Adenosine	77-86	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	96-99
25393959-13	2014	Docking of adenosine and inosine inside A2A showed that the main difference is the formation by adenosine of an additional hydrogen bond between the NH2 of the adenine group and the residues Asn253 in H6 and Glu169 in EL2 of the A2A receptor.	Adenosine	11-20	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	40-43
25393959-13	2014	Docking of adenosine and inosine inside A2A showed that the main difference is the formation by adenosine of an additional hydrogen bond between the NH2 of the adenine group and the residues Asn253 in H6 and Glu169 in EL2 of the A2A receptor.	Adenosine	11-20	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	229-232
25393959-13	2014	Docking of adenosine and inosine inside A2A showed that the main difference is the formation by adenosine of an additional hydrogen bond between the NH2 of the adenine group and the residues Asn253 in H6 and Glu169 in EL2 of the A2A receptor.	Adenosine	96-105	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	40-43
25393959-13	2014	Docking of adenosine and inosine inside A2A showed that the main difference is the formation by adenosine of an additional hydrogen bond between the NH2 of the adenine group and the residues Asn253 in H6 and Glu169 in EL2 of the A2A receptor.	Adenosine	96-105	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	229-232
25000478-6	2014	Given that vascular dysfunction and inflammation are also hallmarks of diabetes, the role of MPO in adenosine-dependent vasomotor function was investigated in a murine model of diabetes mellitus.	Adenosine	100-109	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	93-96
25263205-6	2014	We hypothesized that hyperoxia-induced lung injury leads to CD73-mediated increases in extracellular adenosine, which is protective through ADORA2B signaling pathways.	Adenosine	101-110	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	140-147
25263205-12	2014	These results demonstrate that exposure to a hyperoxic environment causes lung injury associated with an increase in adenosine concentration, and elevated adenosine levels protect vascular barrier function in hyperoxic lung injury through the ADORA2B-dependent regulation of occludin.	Adenosine	117-126	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	243-250
25263205-12	2014	These results demonstrate that exposure to a hyperoxic environment causes lung injury associated with an increase in adenosine concentration, and elevated adenosine levels protect vascular barrier function in hyperoxic lung injury through the ADORA2B-dependent regulation of occludin.	Adenosine	155-164	adenosine A2b receptor	Mus musculus	243-250
24760768-2	2014	CDKAL1 catalyzes 2-methylthio modification of adenosine at position 37 of tRNA(Lys)(UUU).	Adenosine	46-55	CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 1 like 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
24477600-8	2014	Moreover, adenosine inhibited thrombin-induced elevated expression of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and HMGB-1; and chemokines, MCP-1, CXCL-1, and CXCL-3.	Adenosine	10-19	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1	Homo sapiens	137-143