PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
26226188-6	2015	In aqueous solution containing chloride ions, for complexing with macrocycle H4L, the plutonyl(VI) and uranyl(V) cations possess the highest selectivity among actinyl(VI) and (V) cations, respectively.	Chlorides	31-39	H4 clustered histone 7	Homo sapiens	77-80
26609472-0	2015	Beclin-1-independent autophagy mediates programmed cancer cell death through interplays with endoplasmic reticulum and/or mitochondria in colbat chloride-induced hypoxia.	Chlorides	145-153	beclin 1	Homo sapiens	0-8
26148842-2	2015	The binding is up to (3.6 +- 0.2) x 10(10) M(-1) in acetonitrile (for pentafoil knot [2 Cl](PF6)9), making these topologically complex host molecules some of the strongest synthetic noncovalent binders of halide anions measured to date, comparable in chloride ion affinity to silver salts.	Chlorides	251-259	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	92-97
26013995-9	2015	CaCC(inh) -A01 and MONNA (0.1-10 muM) induced vasorelaxation +-chloride and both compounds lowered maximum contractility.	Chlorides	61-71	chloride channel calcium activated 4-like	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
26013995-11	2015	CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: T16A(inh) -A01, CaCC(inh) -A01 and MONNA concentration-dependently relax rodent resistance arteries, but an equivalent vasorelaxation occurs when the transmembrane chloride gradient is abolished with an impermeant anion.	Chlorides	194-202	chloride channel calcium activated 4-like	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
25542968-0	2015	The Effect of WNK4 on the Na+-Cl- Cotransporter Is Modulated by Intracellular Chloride.	Chlorides	78-86	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Homo sapiens	14-18
25542968-0	2015	The Effect of WNK4 on the Na+-Cl- Cotransporter Is Modulated by Intracellular Chloride.	Chlorides	78-86	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	26-47
25542968-4	2015	Therefore, we hypothesized that WNK4 effects on NCC could be modulated by intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl(-)]i), and we tested this hypothesis in oocytes injected with NCC cRNA with or without WNK4 cRNA.	Chlorides	88-96	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Homo sapiens	32-36
25542968-7	2015	Substitution of the leucine with phenylalanine at residue 322 of WNK4, homologous to the chloride-binding pocket in L-WNK1, converted WNK4 into a constitutively autophosphorylated kinase that activated NCC, even without chloride depletion.	Chlorides	89-97	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Homo sapiens	65-69
25542968-7	2015	Substitution of the leucine with phenylalanine at residue 322 of WNK4, homologous to the chloride-binding pocket in L-WNK1, converted WNK4 into a constitutively autophosphorylated kinase that activated NCC, even without chloride depletion.	Chlorides	89-97	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	116-122
25542968-7	2015	Substitution of the leucine with phenylalanine at residue 322 of WNK4, homologous to the chloride-binding pocket in L-WNK1, converted WNK4 into a constitutively autophosphorylated kinase that activated NCC, even without chloride depletion.	Chlorides	89-97	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Homo sapiens	134-138
25542968-7	2015	Substitution of the leucine with phenylalanine at residue 322 of WNK4, homologous to the chloride-binding pocket in L-WNK1, converted WNK4 into a constitutively autophosphorylated kinase that activated NCC, even without chloride depletion.	Chlorides	220-228	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Homo sapiens	65-69
25542968-7	2015	Substitution of the leucine with phenylalanine at residue 322 of WNK4, homologous to the chloride-binding pocket in L-WNK1, converted WNK4 into a constitutively autophosphorylated kinase that activated NCC, even without chloride depletion.	Chlorides	220-228	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	116-122
25542968-7	2015	Substitution of the leucine with phenylalanine at residue 322 of WNK4, homologous to the chloride-binding pocket in L-WNK1, converted WNK4 into a constitutively autophosphorylated kinase that activated NCC, even without chloride depletion.	Chlorides	220-228	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Homo sapiens	134-138
25542968-9	2015	These observations suggest that WNK4 can exert differential effects on NCC, depending on the intracellular chloride concentration.	Chlorides	107-115	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Homo sapiens	32-36
25542968-9	2015	These observations suggest that WNK4 can exert differential effects on NCC, depending on the intracellular chloride concentration.	Chlorides	107-115	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	71-74
25281699-1	2015	The [Formula: see text] exchanger pendrin (SLC26A4, PDS) is located on the apical membrane of B-intercalated cells in the kidney cortical collecting duct and the connecting tubules and mediates the secretion of bicarbonate and the reabsorption of chloride.	Chlorides	247-255	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	34-41
25281699-1	2015	The [Formula: see text] exchanger pendrin (SLC26A4, PDS) is located on the apical membrane of B-intercalated cells in the kidney cortical collecting duct and the connecting tubules and mediates the secretion of bicarbonate and the reabsorption of chloride.	Chlorides	247-255	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	43-50
25281699-2	2015	Given its dual function of bicarbonate secretion and chloride reabsorption in the distal tubules, it was thought that pendrin plays important roles in systemic acid-base balance and electrolyte and vascular volume homeostasis under basal conditions.	Chlorides	53-61	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	118-125
25281699-9	2015	This review summarizes recent advances in the characterization of pendrin and the multiple roles it plays in the kidney, with emphasis on its essential roles in several diverse physiological processes, including chloride homeostasis, vascular volume and blood pressure regulation, calcium excretion and kidney stone formation.	Chlorides	212-220	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	66-73
25843644-7	2015	The correlation between EGABA and NH4(+)-induced pHi shifts enabled an estimate of the range of chloride extrusion possible by kinase/phosphatase regulation of KCC2.	Chlorides	96-104	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	160-164
25843644-10	2015	Our findings highlight the significant potential for regulating the inhibitory tone by KCC2-mediated chloride extrusion and suggest that cellular signaling pathways may act combinatorially to alter KCC2 phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and thereby tune the strength of synaptic inhibition.	Chlorides	101-109	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	87-91
25236920-8	2015	We could detect clc-2a and clc-2b inward rectified chloride currents with different voltage-dependence and kinetics in Xenopus oocytes, while clc-2c remained inactive.	Chlorides	51-59	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2b	Danio rerio	27-33
25236920-8	2015	We could detect clc-2a and clc-2b inward rectified chloride currents with different voltage-dependence and kinetics in Xenopus oocytes, while clc-2c remained inactive.	Chlorides	51-59	chloride voltage-gated channel 2 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	16-21
25277268-0	2015	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator is an extracellular chloride sensor.	Chlorides	76-84	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-55
26501102-10	2015	We demonstrate that concurrent depletion of Mbnl1 and Mbnl3 results in a synergistic enhancement of myotonia, with an increase in muscle fibers showing low chloride currents.	Chlorides	156-164	muscleblind like splicing factor 1	Mus musculus	44-49
26501102-10	2015	We demonstrate that concurrent depletion of Mbnl1 and Mbnl3 results in a synergistic enhancement of myotonia, with an increase in muscle fibers showing low chloride currents.	Chlorides	156-164	muscleblind like splicing factor 3	Mus musculus	54-59
26594334-6	2015	The results show that 10 min exposure to TNF-alpha (0.5-50ng/ml) of F508del-CFTR-transfected HeLa cells and human bronchial cells expressing F508del-CFTR in primary culture (HBE) leads to the maturation of F508del-CFTR and induces CFTR chloride currents.	Chlorides	236-244	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	41-50
26100633-2	2015	Activation of SLICK channels may be important during pathological states such as ischemia, in which an increase in intracellular sodium and chloride can perturb membrane potential and ion homeostasis.	Chlorides	140-148	potassium sodium-activated channel subfamily T member 2	Rattus norvegicus	14-19
26169500-2	2015	In embryonic neurons Na-K-2Cl (NKCC1) cotransporters mediate active chloride uptake, thus increasing the intracellular chloride concentration associated with GABA-induced depolarization.	Chlorides	68-76	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	31-36
26169500-2	2015	In embryonic neurons Na-K-2Cl (NKCC1) cotransporters mediate active chloride uptake, thus increasing the intracellular chloride concentration associated with GABA-induced depolarization.	Chlorides	119-127	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	31-36
26594334-6	2015	The results show that 10 min exposure to TNF-alpha (0.5-50ng/ml) of F508del-CFTR-transfected HeLa cells and human bronchial cells expressing F508del-CFTR in primary culture (HBE) leads to the maturation of F508del-CFTR and induces CFTR chloride currents.	Chlorides	236-244	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	76-80
26098226-7	2015	We showed that lumenal lysosomal chloride, which is implicated in various lysosomal storage diseases, is regulated by the intracellular chloride transporter DmClC-b.	Chlorides	33-41	Chloride channel-b	Drosophila melanogaster	157-164
26962591-9	2015	The drug works by prolonging the time that activated CFTR channels remain open, thereby enhancing the regulation of chloride and water transport across cell membranes.	Chlorides	116-124	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	53-57
25784523-8	2015	Treatment with HS/HSD led to higher admission systolic blood pressure, sodium, chloride, and osmolarity, whereas lactate, base deficit, fluid requirement, and hemoglobin levels were similar in all groups.	Chlorides	79-87	carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3	Homo sapiens	18-21
26110920-0	2015	Chloride Accumulators NKCC1 and AE2 in Mouse GnRH Neurons: Implications for GABAA Mediated Excitation.	Chlorides	0-8	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	22-27
26110920-0	2015	Chloride Accumulators NKCC1 and AE2 in Mouse GnRH Neurons: Implications for GABAA Mediated Excitation.	Chlorides	0-8	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	32-35
26110920-0	2015	Chloride Accumulators NKCC1 and AE2 in Mouse GnRH Neurons: Implications for GABAA Mediated Excitation.	Chlorides	0-8	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Mus musculus	45-49
26110920-0	2015	Chloride Accumulators NKCC1 and AE2 in Mouse GnRH Neurons: Implications for GABAA Mediated Excitation.	Chlorides	0-8	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	76-81
26110920-4	2015	NKCC1 is the primary chloride accumulator in neurons, expressed at high levels early in development and contributes to depolarization after GABAA receptor activation.	Chlorides	21-29	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	0-5
26110920-4	2015	NKCC1 is the primary chloride accumulator in neurons, expressed at high levels early in development and contributes to depolarization after GABAA receptor activation.	Chlorides	21-29	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	140-145
26110920-5	2015	In contrast, KCC2 is the primary chloride extruder in neurons, expressed at high levels in the adult and contributes to hyperpolarization after GABAA receptor activation.	Chlorides	33-41	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	13-17
26110920-5	2015	In contrast, KCC2 is the primary chloride extruder in neurons, expressed at high levels in the adult and contributes to hyperpolarization after GABAA receptor activation.	Chlorides	33-41	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	144-149
26110920-6	2015	Anion exchangers (AEs) are also potential modulators of responses to GABAA activation since they accumulate chloride and extrude bicarbonate.	Chlorides	108-116	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	69-74
26114386-4	2015	For instance, by using the patch-clamp method, our team demonstrated that chloride currents activated in the RVD were more intense and rapid in a breast cancer cell line overexpressing the P-glycoprotein (P-gp).	Chlorides	74-82	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	189-203
26114386-4	2015	For instance, by using the patch-clamp method, our team demonstrated that chloride currents activated in the RVD were more intense and rapid in a breast cancer cell line overexpressing the P-glycoprotein (P-gp).	Chlorides	74-82	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	205-209
26102064-8	2015	Finally, we observed that K8 treatment with DOSP:MM27/K8 rescues the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent chloride efflux in F508del-CFTR expressing cells, providing a new tool for the study of channelopathies.	Chlorides	117-125	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	144-148
26157392-0	2015	Congenital chloride-losing diarrhea in a Mexican child with the novel homozygous SLC26A3 mutation G393W.	Chlorides	11-19	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	81-88
26157392-7	2015	We conclude that the chloride-losing diarrhea phenotype associated with homozygous expression of SLC26A3 G393W likely reflects lack of apical surface expression in enterocytes, secondary to combined abnormalities in polypeptide trafficking and stability.	Chlorides	21-29	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	97-104
25697424-7	2015	The chemical step of the ECE pathway might be attributed to the reductive deprotonation but cannot be distinguished from chloride dissociation.	Chlorides	121-129	endothelin converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens	25-28
25965697-2	2015	By studying the kinetics of the reaction of substituted benzylbromides and chlorides with SmI2 in THF it was found that substrates para-substituted with electron-withdrawing groups (CN and CO2 Me), which are capable of forming hydrogen bonds with a proton donor and coordinating to samarium cation, react in a reversed electron apportionment mode.	Chlorides	75-84	complement C2	Homo sapiens	189-192
26056138-1	2015	Chloride extrusion in mature neurons is largely mediated by the neuron-specific potassium-chloride cotransporter KCC2.	Chlorides	0-8	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	113-117
25947392-11	2015	Experimental results suggest that O reacts with chloride, yielding Cl2(-) or ClO(-).	Chlorides	48-56	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	67-70
26014208-3	2015	The AuCl3 catalyst favors formation of a complex with the PhI NNs (Ns = p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl) substrate, followed by the appearance of the key (N-chloro-4-nitrophenylsulfonamido)gold(III) chloride intermediate (INT5).	Chlorides	190-198	integrator complex subunit 5	Homo sapiens	213-217
26056138-2	2015	In addition, independently of its chloride transport function, KCC2 regulates the development and morphology of dendritic spines through structural interactions with the actin cytoskeleton.	Chlorides	34-42	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	63-67
26041913-5	2015	Treatment with minocycline or interfering with BDNF signaling restored chloride transport within these neurons and recovered DA-dependent reward behavior.	Chlorides	71-79	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	47-51
25779870-0	2015	Conditional knockout of TMEM16A/anoctamin1 abolishes the calcium-activated chloride current in mouse vomeronasal sensory neurons.	Chlorides	75-83	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	24-31
26043076-4	2015	The results identify a threonine- and tyrosine-phosphorylation-resistant KCC2 variant with increased chloride transport activity, but they also identify the KCC2 N-terminal domain (NTD) as the relevant minimal KCC2 protein domain that is sufficient for neuroprotection.	Chlorides	101-109	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	73-77
25138774-4	2015	Activation of TGR5 in biliary epithelial cells promotes chloride and bicarbonate secretion, triggers cell proliferation, and prevents apoptotic cell death.	Chlorides	56-64	G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
26115271-4	2015	Changes on dEB were obtained by changing the levels of sodium and chloride with calcium chloride, calcium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate.	Chlorides	66-74	DebC	Drosophila melanogaster	11-14
25763566-1	2015	KEY POINTS: Malfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a gated pathway for chloride movement, causes the common life-shortening genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF).	Chlorides	111-119	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	31-82
25763566-1	2015	KEY POINTS: Malfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a gated pathway for chloride movement, causes the common life-shortening genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF).	Chlorides	111-119	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	84-88
25912291-4	2015	Upon reaction with [AuCl(PPh3)], metal-chloride bond activation was observed, with formation of the cationic gold(i) complexes [()Au(PPh3)]X (X = OTf, NTf2).	Chlorides	39-47	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	25-29
25912291-4	2015	Upon reaction with [AuCl(PPh3)], metal-chloride bond activation was observed, with formation of the cationic gold(i) complexes [()Au(PPh3)]X (X = OTf, NTf2).	Chlorides	39-47	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	133-137
25912291-4	2015	Upon reaction with [AuCl(PPh3)], metal-chloride bond activation was observed, with formation of the cationic gold(i) complexes [()Au(PPh3)]X (X = OTf, NTf2).	Chlorides	39-47	nuclear transport factor 2	Homo sapiens	151-155
25972170-3	2015	The Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) is particularly relevant in setting the intracellular chloride concentration.	Chlorides	99-107	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	4-36
25972170-3	2015	The Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) is particularly relevant in setting the intracellular chloride concentration.	Chlorides	99-107	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	38-43
25839162-4	2015	TMEM16A silencing significantly decreased calcium activated chloride currents, impaired TGF-beta secretion, reduced E-cadherin expression, and inhibited the migration and invasion without affecting proliferation of GC cells (AGS and BGC-823).	Chlorides	60-68	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
25684247-7	2015	Conversely, a positive correlation was observed between chloride and SCS.	Chlorides	56-64	SCS	Bos taurus	69-72
25878279-6	2015	In neuropathic pain, GABAAR-mediated signaling can be further disrupted by the loss of the KCC2 chloride anion gradient.	Chlorides	96-110	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	91-95
25748576-1	2015	We recently reported that, in a concentration-dependent manner, chloride protects hepatic glutathione transferase zeta 1 from inactivation by dichloroacetate, an investigational drug used in treating various acquired and congenital metabolic diseases.	Chlorides	64-72	glutathione S-transferase zeta 1	Homo sapiens	90-120
25748576-4	2015	Because glutathione transferase zeta 1 is present in cytosol and, to a lesser extent, in mitochondria, we measured chloride in these fractions by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis following conversion of the free chloride to pentafluorobenzylchloride.	Chlorides	115-123	glutathione S-transferase zeta 1	Homo sapiens	8-38
25831548-0	2015	KLHL3 regulates paracellular chloride transport in the kidney by ubiquitination of claudin-8.	Chlorides	29-37	kelch-like 3	Mus musculus	0-5
25831548-0	2015	KLHL3 regulates paracellular chloride transport in the kidney by ubiquitination of claudin-8.	Chlorides	29-37	claudin 8	Mus musculus	83-92
25831548-7	2015	In mouse collecting duct cells, knockdown of KLHL3 profoundly increased the paracellular chloride permeability.	Chlorides	89-97	kelch-like 3	Mus musculus	45-50
25587116-9	2015	Here, we show for the first time that PRL activates sodium and chloride transport in renal epithelial cells via ENaC and ClC4.	Chlorides	63-71	prolactin	Homo sapiens	38-41
25587116-9	2015	Here, we show for the first time that PRL activates sodium and chloride transport in renal epithelial cells via ENaC and ClC4.	Chlorides	63-71	chloride voltage-gated channel 4	Homo sapiens	121-125
25731855-2	2015	We addressed the question whether (i) the interaction of myeloperoxidase (MPO, an enzyme generating hypochlorous acid from hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions) with peroxynitrite affects the clearance of peroxynitrite, and (ii) if peroxynitrite could modulate the chlorinating activity of MPO.	Chlorides	145-153	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	57-72
25731855-2	2015	We addressed the question whether (i) the interaction of myeloperoxidase (MPO, an enzyme generating hypochlorous acid from hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions) with peroxynitrite affects the clearance of peroxynitrite, and (ii) if peroxynitrite could modulate the chlorinating activity of MPO.	Chlorides	145-153	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	74-77
25991574-0	2015	The Potential of Cr3 [Triaqua-mu3 -Oxo-Hexa-mu-Propionatotrichromium(III) Chloride] to Reduce Birth Defects in the Offspring of Diabetic CD-1 Mice.	Chlorides	74-82	integrin alpha M	Mus musculus	17-20
26073491-0	2015	ErbB small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) induced diarrhoea: Chloride secretion as a mechanistic hypothesis.	Chlorides	71-79	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	0-4
26073491-4	2015	This paper critically reviews the literature and forms a hypothesis that diarrhoea induced by small molecule ErbB TKIs is driven by intestinal chloride secretion based on the negative regulation of chloride secretion by ErbB receptors being disrupted by tyrosine kinase inhibition.	Chlorides	143-151	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	109-113
26073491-4	2015	This paper critically reviews the literature and forms a hypothesis that diarrhoea induced by small molecule ErbB TKIs is driven by intestinal chloride secretion based on the negative regulation of chloride secretion by ErbB receptors being disrupted by tyrosine kinase inhibition.	Chlorides	143-151	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	220-224
26073491-4	2015	This paper critically reviews the literature and forms a hypothesis that diarrhoea induced by small molecule ErbB TKIs is driven by intestinal chloride secretion based on the negative regulation of chloride secretion by ErbB receptors being disrupted by tyrosine kinase inhibition.	Chlorides	198-206	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	109-113
26073491-4	2015	This paper critically reviews the literature and forms a hypothesis that diarrhoea induced by small molecule ErbB TKIs is driven by intestinal chloride secretion based on the negative regulation of chloride secretion by ErbB receptors being disrupted by tyrosine kinase inhibition.	Chlorides	198-206	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	220-224
25940817-0	2015	Chloride triggered reversible switching from a metallosupramolecular [Pd2L4](4+) cage to a [Pd2L2Cl4] metallo-macrocycle with release of endo- and exo-hedrally bound guests.	Chlorides	0-8	mannosidase endo-alpha	Homo sapiens	137-142
26018799-0	2015	Pseudomonas aeruginosa Reduces VX-809 Stimulated F508del-CFTR Chloride Secretion by Airway Epithelial Cells.	Chlorides	62-70	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
25501466-1	2015	Ten cationic heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes, [Ir(emptz)2(N^N)](PF6) were prepared from a cyclometalated iridium bridged-chloride dimer involving two ethyl-4-methylphenylthiazole-5-carboxylate (emptz) ligands.	Chlorides	125-133	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	68-71
25914185-3	2015	In this study, we examined TMEM16A protein interactions with calmodulin and CaMKIIdelta likely cause efflux of chloride, thus resulting in increased vascular resistance by increasing vascular wall tone in long-standing hypertension.	Chlorides	111-119	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	27-34
25789405-5	2015	UCP2 also transports chloride and some other small anions.	Chlorides	21-29	uncoupling protein 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
25789405-8	2015	In addition, it was suggested that the positively charged residues on TM2 domains of UCPs 1 and 2 were important for their chloride transport activity.	Chlorides	123-131	uncoupling protein 1	Homo sapiens	85-97
25789405-10	2015	The wild type UCP2 and its mutants were purified and reconstituted into liposomes, and their conformation and ion (proton and chloride) transport activity were studied.	Chlorides	126-134	uncoupling protein 2	Homo sapiens	14-18
25713142-4	2015	NKCC1 is expressed in OSNs and is involved in chloride accumulation of dissociated neurons, but it had not been shown to play a role in mouse odorant sensation.	Chlorides	46-54	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	0-5
25713142-8	2015	Therefore, we conclude that NKCC1 is an important transporter involved in chloride ion accumulation in the olfactory epithelium, but it is also involved in OSN neurogenesis.	Chlorides	74-82	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	28-33
25742181-1	2015	A slow hydrolyzing imidazole-based Ru(II)-arene complex [(L)Ru(II)(eta(6)-p-cym)(Cl)](PF6) (1) with excellent stability in the extracellular chloride concentration shows better activity under hypoxia and strong resistance to glutathione (GSH) in vitro under hypoxic conditions.	Chlorides	141-149	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	86-89
25715272-1	2015	A non-symmetrical diboron reagent, B(pin)-B(dan), has been utilised in the Pd-catalysed borylation of aryl bromides and chlorides.	Chlorides	120-129	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	44-47
25835505-6	2015	These include competition with chloride, the natural co-substrate; switching the MPO activity from a two electron oxidation to a one electron pathway causing the buildup of the inactive Compound II, and its subsequent decay to MPO-Fe(III) instead of generating HOCl; binding to MPO above the heme iron, thereby preventing the access of H2O2 to the catalytic site of the enzyme; and direct scavenging of HOCl.	Chlorides	31-39	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	81-84
25489051-9	2015	Finally, we characterized 11 additional CFTR variants using clinical sweat chloride testing, two functional assays, or all three diagnostics, and validated our classifier using blind prediction.	Chlorides	75-83	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	40-44
25779870-0	2015	Conditional knockout of TMEM16A/anoctamin1 abolishes the calcium-activated chloride current in mouse vomeronasal sensory neurons.	Chlorides	75-83	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	32-42
25834055-1	2015	In healthy mature motoneurons (MNs), KCC2 cotransporters maintain the intracellular chloride concentration at low levels, a prerequisite for postsynaptic inhibition mediated by GABA and glycine.	Chlorides	84-92	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	37-41
24909111-2	2015	The K-Cl cotransport by KCC2 is central for hyperpolarizing inhibitory signaling, which is based on chloride currents mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)- or glycine-gated receptor channels.	Chlorides	100-108	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	24-28
25834055-2	2015	KCC2 expression in lumbar MNs is reduced after spinal cord injury (SCI) resulting in a depolarizing shift of the chloride equilibrium potential.	Chlorides	113-121	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	0-4
25932341-10	2015	The chloride channel protein produced by anoctamin1ac is likely responsible for the Ca(2+)-activated chloride efflux, which is the rate-limiting step in salivary exocrine secretion.	Chlorides	4-12	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	41-51
25557623-8	2015	Furthermore, using piggyBac/Ad expressing Cystic Fibrosis transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR), we show persistent correction of chloride current in well-differentiated primary cultures of human airway epithelial cells derived from CF patients.	Chlorides	135-143	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	42-93
25557623-8	2015	Furthermore, using piggyBac/Ad expressing Cystic Fibrosis transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR), we show persistent correction of chloride current in well-differentiated primary cultures of human airway epithelial cells derived from CF patients.	Chlorides	135-143	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	95-99
24898689-5	2015	Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity of tissue extracted from chloride- and fluoride-treated slices was not different to control but when added into the assay solution, NaF > NaCl both showed lower PPO activity at pH 3-5 compared to control buffer.	Chlorides	59-67	polyphenol oxidase, chloroplastic	Malus domestica	0-18
24898689-5	2015	Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity of tissue extracted from chloride- and fluoride-treated slices was not different to control but when added into the assay solution, NaF > NaCl both showed lower PPO activity at pH 3-5 compared to control buffer.	Chlorides	59-67	polyphenol oxidase, chloroplastic	Malus domestica	20-23
24898689-5	2015	Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity of tissue extracted from chloride- and fluoride-treated slices was not different to control but when added into the assay solution, NaF > NaCl both showed lower PPO activity at pH 3-5 compared to control buffer.	Chlorides	59-67	polyphenol oxidase, chloroplastic	Malus domestica	198-201
25596421-2	2015	This shift in GABA"s action from excitation to inhibition is caused by a decrease in intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl(-)]i), which in turn is caused by changes in the relative expression levels of the K(+)-Cl(-) co-transporter (KCC2) and the Na(+), K(+)-2Cl(-) co-transporter (NKCC1) proteins.	Chlorides	99-107	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	237-241
25596421-2	2015	This shift in GABA"s action from excitation to inhibition is caused by a decrease in intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl(-)]i), which in turn is caused by changes in the relative expression levels of the K(+)-Cl(-) co-transporter (KCC2) and the Na(+), K(+)-2Cl(-) co-transporter (NKCC1) proteins.	Chlorides	99-107	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	286-291
25781344-0	2015	Secreted CLCA1 modulates TMEM16A to activate Ca(2+)-dependent chloride currents in human cells.	Chlorides	62-70	chloride channel accessory 1	Homo sapiens	9-14
25781344-0	2015	Secreted CLCA1 modulates TMEM16A to activate Ca(2+)-dependent chloride currents in human cells.	Chlorides	62-70	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	25-32
25781344-1	2015	Calcium-activated chloride channel regulator 1 (CLCA1) activates calcium-dependent chloride currents; neither the target, nor mechanism, is known.	Chlorides	18-26	chloride channel accessory 1	Homo sapiens	48-53
25781344-2	2015	We demonstrate that secreted CLCA1 activates calcium-dependent chloride currents in HEK293T cells in a paracrine fashion, and endogenous TMEM16A/Anoctamin1 conducts the currents.	Chlorides	63-71	chloride channel accessory 1	Homo sapiens	29-34
25781344-4	2015	Altogether, our data suggest that CLCA1 stabilizes TMEM16A on the cell surface, thus increasing surface expression, which results in increased calcium-dependent chloride currents.	Chlorides	161-169	chloride channel accessory 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
25781344-4	2015	Altogether, our data suggest that CLCA1 stabilizes TMEM16A on the cell surface, thus increasing surface expression, which results in increased calcium-dependent chloride currents.	Chlorides	161-169	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	51-58
25688920-1	2015	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is expressed by myeloid cells for the purpose of catalyzing the formation of hypochlorous acid, from chloride ions and reaction with a hydrogen peroxide-charged heme covalently bound to the enzyme.	Chlorides	123-131	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
27509681-3	2015	It is now well established that this condition was caused by mutations in the SLC26A4 gene which codes for pendrin, a protein involved in the transport of anions (I-, Cl, HCO3-), particularly in apical iodine efflux in thyroid cells and chloride (Cl- HCO3-) at the cochlear level.	Chlorides	237-245	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	78-85
27509681-3	2015	It is now well established that this condition was caused by mutations in the SLC26A4 gene which codes for pendrin, a protein involved in the transport of anions (I-, Cl, HCO3-), particularly in apical iodine efflux in thyroid cells and chloride (Cl- HCO3-) at the cochlear level.	Chlorides	237-245	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	107-114
25732475-1	2015	The underlying cause of cystic fibrosis (CF) is the loss of epithelial chloride and bicarbonate transport due to mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene encoding the CFTR protein.	Chlorides	71-79	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	130-168
25732475-1	2015	The underlying cause of cystic fibrosis (CF) is the loss of epithelial chloride and bicarbonate transport due to mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene encoding the CFTR protein.	Chlorides	71-79	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	170-174
25732475-1	2015	The underlying cause of cystic fibrosis (CF) is the loss of epithelial chloride and bicarbonate transport due to mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene encoding the CFTR protein.	Chlorides	71-79	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	194-198
25732475-2	2015	Ivacaftor is a gene-specific CFTR potentiator that augments in vivo chloride transport in CFTR mutations affecting channel gating.	Chlorides	68-76	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	29-33
25732475-2	2015	Ivacaftor is a gene-specific CFTR potentiator that augments in vivo chloride transport in CFTR mutations affecting channel gating.	Chlorides	68-76	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	90-94
25284167-4	2015	Adsorption kinetics investigation showed that the pseudo-second-order model fits the experimental data quite well, indicating that the adsorption process is mainly a process of chemical adsorption, and chloride ions compete to react with the active sites of the adsorbent but do not prevent phosphate from adsorbing onto EG-LaO.	Chlorides	202-210	interleukin 4 induced 1	Homo sapiens	324-327
25693903-3	2015	Due to a defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, chloride ion transport is reduced across the cell membrane.	Chlorides	88-96	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	23-74
25693903-3	2015	Due to a defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, chloride ion transport is reduced across the cell membrane.	Chlorides	88-96	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	76-80
25535204-5	2015	Ameloblasts were immunostained for anion exchanger-2 (Ae2), a transmembrane pH regulator sensitive for acid that secretes bicarbonate in exchange for chloride.	Chlorides	150-158	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	35-52
25535204-5	2015	Ameloblasts were immunostained for anion exchanger-2 (Ae2), a transmembrane pH regulator sensitive for acid that secretes bicarbonate in exchange for chloride.	Chlorides	150-158	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	54-57
25535204-9	2015	Exposure of AmelX(-/-) mice to fluoride enhanced the mineral content in the secretory stage, lowered chloride, and intensified Ae2 immunostaining in the enamel organ in comparison with non-fluorotic mutant teeth.	Chlorides	101-109	amelogenin, X-linked	Mus musculus	12-17
25724711-13	2015	Blockade of NKCC1 actions by the diuretic bumetanide restores intracellular chloride and thus hyperpolarizing GABAergic actions and consequently suppressing interictal activity.	Chlorides	76-84	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	12-17
26312907-6	2015	We therefore investigated whether phosphorylation can allow KCC2 to achieve distinct levels of intracellular chloride ion concentrations in neurons.	Chlorides	109-117	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	60-64
26312907-9	2015	The correlation between reversal potential of GABAergic currents (EGABA) and NH4(+)-induced pHi shifts enabled an estimate of the range of chloride extrusion possible by kinase-phosphatase regulation of KCC2.	Chlorides	139-147	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	203-207
26312907-13	2015	INTERPRETATION: Our findings highlight the considerable potential for regulating the inhibitory tone by KCC2-mediated chloride extrusion.	Chlorides	118-126	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	104-108
25615018-0	2015	On the function and fate of chloride ions in amyloidogenic self-assembly of insulin in an acidic environment: salt-induced condensation of fibrils.	Chlorides	28-36	insulin	Bos taurus	76-83
25615018-2	2015	Dissolved sodium chloride is known to accelerate insulin fibrillation at low pH that has been attributed to the shielding of electrostatic repulsion between positively charged insulin molecules by chloride ions.	Chlorides	17-25	insulin	Bos taurus	49-56
25615018-6	2015	The concentration of residual chloride ions trapped within bovine insulin fibrils grown in 0.1 M NaCl, at pD 1.9, and rinsed extensively with water afterward is less than 1 anion per 16 insulin monomers (as estimated using ion chromatography) implying absence of defined solvent-sequestered nesting sites for chloride counterions.	Chlorides	30-38	insulin	Bos taurus	66-73
25615018-6	2015	The concentration of residual chloride ions trapped within bovine insulin fibrils grown in 0.1 M NaCl, at pD 1.9, and rinsed extensively with water afterward is less than 1 anion per 16 insulin monomers (as estimated using ion chromatography) implying absence of defined solvent-sequestered nesting sites for chloride counterions.	Chlorides	30-38	insulin	Bos taurus	186-193
25688920-1	2015	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is expressed by myeloid cells for the purpose of catalyzing the formation of hypochlorous acid, from chloride ions and reaction with a hydrogen peroxide-charged heme covalently bound to the enzyme.	Chlorides	123-131	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	17-20
25698737-5	2015	By positional cloning, we identify the mutation in this strain as a retrotransposon insertion in the Clcc1 gene, which encodes a putative chloride channel localized to the ER.	Chlorides	138-146	chloride channel CLIC-like 1	Mus musculus	101-106
25145599-2	2015	Ivacaftor can improve lung function, lower sweat chloride levels and improve weight by targeting the primary defect, a faulty gene and its protein product, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in patients with the G551D mutation.	Chlorides	49-57	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	209-213
25557910-2	2015	We hypothesized that apical cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in maturation ameloblasts transduces chloride into forming enamel as a critical step to secrete bicarbonates.	Chlorides	124-132	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	28-79
25495911-11	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate a persistent contribution of NKCC1 cotransport in posttraumatic ictal-like activity, presumably as a consequence of chronic alterations in neuronal chloride homeostasis and GABA-mediated inhibition.	Chlorides	182-190	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	63-68
25557910-4	2015	Maturation-stage enamel from Cftr-null mice contained less chloride and calcium than did wild-type enamel, was more acidic when stained with pH dyes ex vivo, and formed no fluorescent modulation bands after in vivo injection of the mice with calcein.	Chlorides	59-67	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	29-33
25557910-2	2015	We hypothesized that apical cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in maturation ameloblasts transduces chloride into forming enamel as a critical step to secrete bicarbonates.	Chlorides	124-132	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	81-85
25447846-4	2015	METHODS: We measured CFTR activity based on chloride concentrations in sweat from patients with cystic fibrosis, patients admitted to the emergency department because of excessive alcohol consumption, and healthy volunteers.	Chlorides	44-52	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	21-25
25447846-7	2015	RESULTS: Chloride concentrations increased in sweat samples from patients who acutely abused alcohol but not in samples from healthy volunteers, indicating that alcohol affects CFTR function.	Chlorides	9-17	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	177-181
25012180-1	2015	Anion exchanger-1 (AE1) mediates chloride-bicarbonate exchange across the plasma membranes of erythrocytes and, via a slightly shorter transcript, kidney epithelial cells.	Chlorides	33-41	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-17
25012180-1	2015	Anion exchanger-1 (AE1) mediates chloride-bicarbonate exchange across the plasma membranes of erythrocytes and, via a slightly shorter transcript, kidney epithelial cells.	Chlorides	33-41	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	19-22
25669330-7	2015	Bicarbonates are exchanged for intraductal chloride by anion exchanger 1 (AE1) in the ApM.	Chlorides	43-51	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	74-77
25429398-5	2015	However, HCl suppressed the formation of the unfolded conformers because the acid is already dissociated in solution, and chloride anions within the ESI droplet can interact with Lyz to reduce the intramolecular electrostatic repulsion.	Chlorides	122-130	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	179-182
25064505-1	2015	Metal complexes of the chloride, nitrate and acetate salts of Co(II), Ni(II) Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) or Hg(II) with 2,3-butanedione bis(isonicotinylhydrazone) [BBINH] have been synthesized and structurally characterized.	Chlorides	23-31	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	62-68
25890727-1	2015	Endogenous hypochlorite ion (ClO(-)) is a highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) that is produced from hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions catalyzed by myeloperoxidase (MPO).	Chlorides	123-131	myeloid-specific peroxidase	Danio rerio	150-165
25568271-1	2015	SLC26A3, a chloride/bicarbonate transporter mainly expressed in the intestines, plays a pivotal role in chloride absorption.	Chlorides	11-19	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-7
25248343-10	2015	Pre-clinical studies imply that even 6-10% of the wild-type cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) expression could be enough to restore chloride secretion.	Chlorides	157-165	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	60-111
25248343-10	2015	Pre-clinical studies imply that even 6-10% of the wild-type cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) expression could be enough to restore chloride secretion.	Chlorides	157-165	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	113-117
25331425-3	2015	After improving the protein purification yield and stability, which had so far limited the biochemical characterization of hSR, we found that the catalytic activity is affected by halides, in the order fluoride > chloride > bromide.	Chlorides	216-224	HSR	Homo sapiens	123-126
25890727-1	2015	Endogenous hypochlorite ion (ClO(-)) is a highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) that is produced from hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions catalyzed by myeloperoxidase (MPO).	Chlorides	123-131	myeloid-specific peroxidase	Danio rerio	167-170
25866809-2	2015	In CF, the loss of chloride transport caused by the mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl(-) channel gene results in dehydration, mucus plugging, and reduction of the airway surface liquid layer (ASL) height which favour chronic lung infection and neutrophil based inflammation leading to progressive lung destruction and early death of people with CF.	Chlorides	19-27	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	68-119
25866809-2	2015	In CF, the loss of chloride transport caused by the mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl(-) channel gene results in dehydration, mucus plugging, and reduction of the airway surface liquid layer (ASL) height which favour chronic lung infection and neutrophil based inflammation leading to progressive lung destruction and early death of people with CF.	Chlorides	19-27	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	121-125
25721972-0	2015	Genistein stimulates jejunum chloride secretion via an Akt-mediated pathway in intact female mice.	Chlorides	29-37	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	55-58
26612332-1	2015	Tubular transport of sodium (TNa+) and chloride (TCl-) is decreased in patients with chronic kidney disease.	Chlorides	39-47	ras homolog family member J	Homo sapiens	49-52
26260254-1	2015	Myotonia congenita belongs to the group of non-dystrophic myotonia caused by mutations of CLCN1gene, which encodes human skeletal muscle chloride channel 1.	Chlorides	137-145	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	90-95
24999014-0	2015	Kinetic characterization of Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA1) inhibition by tri-n-butyltin(IV) chloride.	Chlorides	82-90	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	33-39
25523900-5	2015	CFTR regulates chloride ion transport across the epithelial plasma membrane, and individuals possessing CFTR mutations show decreased protein function and consequently, viscous mucus accumulation due to improper fluid transport.	Chlorides	15-23	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
25523900-5	2015	CFTR regulates chloride ion transport across the epithelial plasma membrane, and individuals possessing CFTR mutations show decreased protein function and consequently, viscous mucus accumulation due to improper fluid transport.	Chlorides	15-23	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	104-108
26003067-4	2015	MATERIAL AND METHODS: The analysis encompassed a group of 22 infants and children 3 months to 3 years of age, in whom, in spite of a positive result of newborn screening for cystic fibrosis and the presence of 2 mutations in the CFTR gene, the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis was not made, and appropriate treatment was not administered because of diagnostic doubts (due to correct concentration of chlorides in sweat, correct IRT level and lack of clinical signs of cystic fibrosis).	Chlorides	396-405	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	229-233
26045264-5	2015	KEY MESSAGES: TGR5-KO mice after PH exhibited periportal bile infarcts, excessive hepatic inflammation and defective adaptation of biliary composition (bicarbonate and chloride).	Chlorides	168-176	G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1	Mus musculus	14-18
24999014-0	2015	Kinetic characterization of Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA1) inhibition by tri-n-butyltin(IV) chloride.	Chlorides	82-90	ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 1	Homo sapiens	41-47
25260666-7	2014	It could be demonstrated that the double bonds of the fatty acid hydroperoxides are the major target of HOCl, present either as reagent or formed by the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system.	Chlorides	187-195	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	153-168
25675504-1	2015	Experimental and computational studies have painted a picture of the chloride permeation pathway in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) as a short narrow tunnel flanked by wider inner and outer vestibules.	Chlorides	69-77	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	100-151
25675504-1	2015	Experimental and computational studies have painted a picture of the chloride permeation pathway in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) as a short narrow tunnel flanked by wider inner and outer vestibules.	Chlorides	69-77	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	153-157
25675504-6	2015	As [Au(CN)2](-) and chloride ions share the same permeation pathway, these results imply a gate is situated between amino acid residues 337 and 344 along TM6, encompassing the very segment that may also serve as the selectivity filter for CFTR.	Chlorides	20-28	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	239-243
25704031-3	2015	Electrophysiological analyses revealed that mAChR stimulation enhanced intestinal chloride secretion, which was further augmented by the inhibition of JNK but not by that of ERK or p38 with specific inhibitors SP600125, U0126 or SB203580, respectively.	Chlorides	82-90	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	151-154
26016495-5	2015	RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: ANP stimulated the shark CFTR (sCFTR)-mediated chloride conductance and this activation was inhibited by H-89, a specific inhibitor of PKA.	Chlorides	71-79	natriuretic peptide A S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	24-27
26016495-5	2015	RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: ANP stimulated the shark CFTR (sCFTR)-mediated chloride conductance and this activation was inhibited by H-89, a specific inhibitor of PKA.	Chlorides	71-79	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	49-53
26185361-2	2015	The ability of an epithelial cell to initiate CFTR-mediated chloride and bicarbonate transport has been recognized early as a means to regulate the thickness of the epithelial lining fluid and recently as a means to regulate the pH, thereby determining critically whether or not host defense proteins such as mucins are able to fold appropriately.	Chlorides	60-68	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	46-50
25657495-6	2015	RESULTS: Apart from sodium (2.40%, 3.83%), chloride (2.52% and 2.51%) for both L1 and L2 respectively, and glucose (4.82%), cholesterol (4.86%) for L2, CVs for all other parameters (both L1 and L2) were >5%.	Chlorides	43-51	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	79-88
24328569-4	2015	The physiological role of bestrophin 1 is still not completely understood but has been linked to the generation of a transepithelial chloride current by controlling voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCC).	Chlorides	133-141	bestrophin 1	Homo sapiens	26-38
25823699-1	2015	BACKGROUND: In cystic fibrosis (CF), genetic mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene cause reduced chloride efflux from ciliated airway epithelial cells.	Chlorides	127-135	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	62-100
25823699-1	2015	BACKGROUND: In cystic fibrosis (CF), genetic mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene cause reduced chloride efflux from ciliated airway epithelial cells.	Chlorides	127-135	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	102-106
27048097-5	2015	The cholera toxin family cause the constitutive activation of Gsa protein, which results in cAMP production, an opening of the chloride channels and releases chloride ions into the lumen of the small intestine.	Chlorides	127-135	GNAS complex locus	Homo sapiens	62-65
25447681-1	2015	Ivacaftor is a novel oral pharmacologic agent that specifically targets the genetic defect of cystic fibrosis (CF) by augmenting chloride conductance through the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein.	Chlorides	129-137	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	162-188
25447681-1	2015	Ivacaftor is a novel oral pharmacologic agent that specifically targets the genetic defect of cystic fibrosis (CF) by augmenting chloride conductance through the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein.	Chlorides	129-137	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	190-194
25489088-1	2014	Ca(2+)-activated chloride currents carried via transmembrane proteins TMEM16A and TMEM16B regulate diverse processes including mucus secretion, neuronal excitability, smooth muscle contraction, olfactory signal transduction, and cell proliferation.	Chlorides	17-25	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	70-77
25489088-1	2014	Ca(2+)-activated chloride currents carried via transmembrane proteins TMEM16A and TMEM16B regulate diverse processes including mucus secretion, neuronal excitability, smooth muscle contraction, olfactory signal transduction, and cell proliferation.	Chlorides	17-25	anoctamin 2	Homo sapiens	82-89
25330981-2	2014	It also represents a stronger chloride-abstracting agent than Me3 SiOTf and facilitates the reductive coupling of PCl3 in the presence of AsPh3 to the unprecedented cation [P7 (AsPh3 )3](3+) as triflate salt.	Chlorides	30-38	PHD finger protein 19	Homo sapiens	114-118
25298423-5	2014	Moreover, ANO1 properties, i.e., activation by intracellular calcium (i.e., by ionomycin or by ATP), low but positive affinity for pertechnetate, and nonrequirement for chloride, better fit with the iodide release characteristics of PCCl3 and FRTL-5 rat thyroid cell lines than the dissimilar properties of pendrin.	Chlorides	169-177	anoctamin 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-14
25506941-2	2014	Four activating CaSR mutations cause additional renal wasting of sodium, chloride and other salts, a condition called Bartter syndrome (BS) type 5.	Chlorides	73-81	calcium sensing receptor	Homo sapiens	16-20
25485080-3	2014	The model takes into account the possible chloride-bicarbonate exchange function of prestin, a protein highly expressed in the plasma membrane of OHCs.	Chlorides	42-50	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	84-91
25339171-1	2014	The sodium- and chloride-coupled GABA transporter GAT-1 is a member of the neurotransmitter:sodium:symporters, which are crucial for synaptic transmission.	Chlorides	16-24	solute carrier family 6 member 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
25367045-3	2014	In CFTR, ATP-driven events at the nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) open and close a gate that controls chloride permeation.	Chlorides	104-112	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	3-7
25367045-8	2014	Understanding how the CFTR channel gates chloride permeation is central for understanding how CFTR defects lead to CF.	Chlorides	41-49	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	22-26
25367045-8	2014	Understanding how the CFTR channel gates chloride permeation is central for understanding how CFTR defects lead to CF.	Chlorides	41-49	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	94-98
25450461-11	2014	The opening of ClC-3 transports Cl(-) across the cell membrane and then drives the efflux of water through AQP-3 channels and ion channels; AQP-3 may interact with ClC-3 in order to regulate the effluxes of chloride and water.	Chlorides	207-215	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	15-20
25450461-11	2014	The opening of ClC-3 transports Cl(-) across the cell membrane and then drives the efflux of water through AQP-3 channels and ion channels; AQP-3 may interact with ClC-3 in order to regulate the effluxes of chloride and water.	Chlorides	207-215	aquaporin 3 (Gill blood group)	Homo sapiens	107-112
25450461-11	2014	The opening of ClC-3 transports Cl(-) across the cell membrane and then drives the efflux of water through AQP-3 channels and ion channels; AQP-3 may interact with ClC-3 in order to regulate the effluxes of chloride and water.	Chlorides	207-215	aquaporin 3 (Gill blood group)	Homo sapiens	140-145
25450461-11	2014	The opening of ClC-3 transports Cl(-) across the cell membrane and then drives the efflux of water through AQP-3 channels and ion channels; AQP-3 may interact with ClC-3 in order to regulate the effluxes of chloride and water.	Chlorides	207-215	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	164-169
24671572-1	2014	Chloride permeation through the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl(-) channel is subject to voltage-dependent open-channel block by a diverse range of cytoplasmic anions.	Chlorides	0-8	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	32-83
24671572-1	2014	Chloride permeation through the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl(-) channel is subject to voltage-dependent open-channel block by a diverse range of cytoplasmic anions.	Chlorides	0-8	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	85-89
25361004-5	2014	These effects phenocopy metformin-mediated inhibition of a chloride current specifically dependent on CLIC1 functional activity.	Chlorides	59-67	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	102-107
25283359-2	2014	The probe shows high selectivity and sensitivity toward HOCl under best working conditions of myeloperoxidase by which HOCl can be generated from hydrogen peroxide and chloride.	Chlorides	168-176	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	94-109
25227318-1	2014	Deficient chloride transport through cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) causes lethal complications in CF patients.	Chlorides	10-18	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	37-93
25227318-1	2014	Deficient chloride transport through cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) causes lethal complications in CF patients.	Chlorides	10-18	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	95-99
25169656-2	2014	The C96(175) isomer forms a stable chloride, C96(175)Cl20, while chlorides of two other new isomers, C96(114) and C96(80), undergo cage shrinkage yielding C94(NC1)Cl28 and C96(NC2)Cl32 with non-classical (NC) cages.	Chlorides	65-74	down-regulator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	176-179
25253692-2	2014	Cation-chloride cotransporters, such as Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter-1 (NKCC1) and K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter-2 (KCC2), critically influence spinal synaptic inhibition by regulating intracellular chloride concentrations.	Chlorides	7-15	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	40-73
25253692-2	2014	Cation-chloride cotransporters, such as Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter-1 (NKCC1) and K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter-2 (KCC2), critically influence spinal synaptic inhibition by regulating intracellular chloride concentrations.	Chlorides	7-15	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
25253692-2	2014	Cation-chloride cotransporters, such as Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter-1 (NKCC1) and K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter-2 (KCC2), critically influence spinal synaptic inhibition by regulating intracellular chloride concentrations.	Chlorides	7-15	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	86-112
25253692-2	2014	Cation-chloride cotransporters, such as Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter-1 (NKCC1) and K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter-2 (KCC2), critically influence spinal synaptic inhibition by regulating intracellular chloride concentrations.	Chlorides	7-15	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	114-118
24809326-4	2014	For the majority of patients, however, that have a mutation in which the mutated CFTR is destroyed on its way to the cell membrane, research is still in progress, although a number of compounds have been identified that (at least partly) corrects the error in chloride transport.	Chlorides	260-268	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	81-85
25060644-2	2014	Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) is a cytoplasmic hydrophilic protein that, upon stimulation, dimerizes and translocates to the plasma membrane, where it contributes to increase the membrane chloride conductance.	Chlorides	199-207	chloride intracellular channel 1	Mus musculus	0-32
25220078-0	2014	A novel TMEM16A splice variant lacking the dimerization domain contributes to calcium-activated chloride secretion in human sweat gland epithelial cells.	Chlorides	96-104	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	8-15
25220078-7	2014	Chloride flux assays using halide-sensitive YFP revealed that TMEM16A is functionally involved in Ca(2+) -dependent Cl(-) secretion in NCL-SG3 cells.	Chlorides	0-8	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	62-69
25220078-7	2014	Chloride flux assays using halide-sensitive YFP revealed that TMEM16A is functionally involved in Ca(2+) -dependent Cl(-) secretion in NCL-SG3 cells.	Chlorides	0-8	nucleolin	Homo sapiens	135-138
25060644-6	2014	CLIC1-mediated chloride current, which results from an increased open probability of the channel, is detected only when cAMP is elevated.	Chlorides	15-23	chloride intracellular channel 1	Mus musculus	0-5
25060644-2	2014	Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) is a cytoplasmic hydrophilic protein that, upon stimulation, dimerizes and translocates to the plasma membrane, where it contributes to increase the membrane chloride conductance.	Chlorides	199-207	chloride intracellular channel 1	Mus musculus	34-39
25060644-10	2014	The chloride current mediated by CLIC1 is essential for maintaining growth cone morphology and is required for sustaining cAMP-stimulated neurite elongation in dissociated immunopurified neurons.	Chlorides	4-12	chloride intracellular channel 1	Mus musculus	33-38
25060644-4	2014	Using a combination of electrophysiology and immunohistochemistry, we found that CLIC1 is expressed in hippocampal neurons and RGCs and that the chloride current mediated by CLIC1 is required for maintaining growth cone morphology and sustaining cAMP-stimulated neurite elongation in dissociated immunopurified RGCs.	Chlorides	145-153	chloride intracellular channel 1	Mus musculus	174-179
25356766-4	2014	CLCN1 encodes for the most abundant chloride channel in the skeletal muscle cell membrane.	Chlorides	36-44	chloride channel protein 1	Capra hircus	0-5
25185443-3	2014	The rate of substitution in CpRu(PAr3)2Cl (1a) and CpRu[P(p-FC6H4)3]2Cl (1e) is independent of added chloride ion and decreases in the presence of excess PAr3, however, the rate of substitution in CpRu[P(p-CH3OC6H4)3]2Cl (1d) is first order in added chloride ion and is less dependent on added PAr3.	Chlorides	101-109	par-3 family cell polarity regulator	Homo sapiens	33-37
25185443-3	2014	The rate of substitution in CpRu(PAr3)2Cl (1a) and CpRu[P(p-FC6H4)3]2Cl (1e) is independent of added chloride ion and decreases in the presence of excess PAr3, however, the rate of substitution in CpRu[P(p-CH3OC6H4)3]2Cl (1d) is first order in added chloride ion and is less dependent on added PAr3.	Chlorides	250-258	par-3 family cell polarity regulator	Homo sapiens	33-37
25185443-3	2014	The rate of substitution in CpRu(PAr3)2Cl (1a) and CpRu[P(p-FC6H4)3]2Cl (1e) is independent of added chloride ion and decreases in the presence of excess PAr3, however, the rate of substitution in CpRu[P(p-CH3OC6H4)3]2Cl (1d) is first order in added chloride ion and is less dependent on added PAr3.	Chlorides	250-258	par-3 family cell polarity regulator	Homo sapiens	154-158
25185443-3	2014	The rate of substitution in CpRu(PAr3)2Cl (1a) and CpRu[P(p-FC6H4)3]2Cl (1e) is independent of added chloride ion and decreases in the presence of excess PAr3, however, the rate of substitution in CpRu[P(p-CH3OC6H4)3]2Cl (1d) is first order in added chloride ion and is less dependent on added PAr3.	Chlorides	250-258	par-3 family cell polarity regulator	Homo sapiens	154-158
25164821-1	2014	The Ste20-related kinase SPAK regulates sodium, potassium, and chloride transport in a variety of tissues.	Chlorides	63-71	serine/threonine kinase 39	Homo sapiens	25-29
25143384-1	2014	GAT-1 is a sodium- and chloride-coupled GABA transporter and a member of the neurotransmitter:sodium:symporters, which are crucial for synaptic transmission.	Chlorides	23-31	solute carrier family 6 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
25339907-6	2014	ClC-1 preferentially conducts at negative voltages, and the resulting inward rectification provides a large resting chloride conductance without interference with the muscle action potential.	Chlorides	116-124	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
25339907-7	2014	Exclusive opening at voltages negative to the chloride reversal potential allows for ClC-2 to regulate intracellular chloride concentrations.	Chlorides	46-54	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	85-90
25339907-7	2014	Exclusive opening at voltages negative to the chloride reversal potential allows for ClC-2 to regulate intracellular chloride concentrations.	Chlorides	117-125	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	85-90
25339907-8	2014	ClC-Ka and ClC-Kb are equally suited for inward and outward currents to support transcellular chloride fluxes.	Chlorides	94-102	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	0-3
25339907-8	2014	ClC-Ka and ClC-Kb are equally suited for inward and outward currents to support transcellular chloride fluxes.	Chlorides	94-102	chloride voltage-gated channel Kb	Homo sapiens	11-17
25069981-4	2014	One of the genes most highly upregulated in a PT-dependent manner encodes an epithelial transporter of bicarbonate, chloride, and thiocyanate, named pendrin, that contributes to asthma pathology.	Chlorides	116-124	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	149-156
25205727-0	2014	Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE): structure, biological roles, and molecular basis for chloride ion dependence.	Chlorides	92-100	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	0-31
25205727-0	2014	Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE): structure, biological roles, and molecular basis for chloride ion dependence.	Chlorides	92-100	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	33-36
25205727-6	2014	Recent results from X-ray crystallography structural analysis have provided the basis for the intricate interactions between ACE, its substrate and chloride ions.	Chlorides	148-156	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	125-128
25205727-7	2014	Here we describe the role of chloride ions in human ACE and its physiological consequences.	Chlorides	29-37	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	52-55
25205727-8	2014	Insights into the chloride activation of the N- and C-domains could impact the design of improved domain-specific ACE inhibitors.	Chlorides	18-26	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	114-117
25050609-2	2014	MPO uses H2O2 to generate oxidants including HOCl and HOSCN, from chloride and thiocyanate (SCN(-)) ions, respectively.	Chlorides	66-74	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-3
25297603-0	2014	[Expression pattern of congenital chloride diarrhea pathogenic gene Slc26a3 in the reproductive tract of male rodents].	Chlorides	34-42	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	68-75
24990084-1	2014	The [Pd(dppp)(OTf)2] complex acts as an efficient transporter of halide anions, in particular the biologically relevant chloride anion, across a phospholipid bilayer.	Chlorides	120-134	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	14-19
25080489-0	2014	Angiotensin II modulates mouse skeletal muscle resting conductance to chloride and potassium ions and calcium homeostasis via the AT1 receptor and NADPH oxidase.	Chlorides	70-78	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	0-14
25228763-5	2014	Here, we resolve this issue by showing that a plasma membrane chloride channel, encoded by ClC-a, is exclusively expressed in the stellate cell and is required for Drosophila kinin-mediated induction of diuresis and chloride shunt conductance, evidenced by chloride ion movement through the stellate cells, leading to depolarization of the transepithelial potential.	Chlorides	62-70	Chloride channel-a	Drosophila melanogaster	91-96
25228763-5	2014	Here, we resolve this issue by showing that a plasma membrane chloride channel, encoded by ClC-a, is exclusively expressed in the stellate cell and is required for Drosophila kinin-mediated induction of diuresis and chloride shunt conductance, evidenced by chloride ion movement through the stellate cells, leading to depolarization of the transepithelial potential.	Chlorides	62-70	Leucokinin	Drosophila melanogaster	175-180
25228763-5	2014	Here, we resolve this issue by showing that a plasma membrane chloride channel, encoded by ClC-a, is exclusively expressed in the stellate cell and is required for Drosophila kinin-mediated induction of diuresis and chloride shunt conductance, evidenced by chloride ion movement through the stellate cells, leading to depolarization of the transepithelial potential.	Chlorides	216-224	Chloride channel-a	Drosophila melanogaster	91-96
25228763-5	2014	Here, we resolve this issue by showing that a plasma membrane chloride channel, encoded by ClC-a, is exclusively expressed in the stellate cell and is required for Drosophila kinin-mediated induction of diuresis and chloride shunt conductance, evidenced by chloride ion movement through the stellate cells, leading to depolarization of the transepithelial potential.	Chlorides	216-224	Leucokinin	Drosophila melanogaster	175-180
25228763-8	2014	Therefore, the diuretic action of kinin in Drosophila can be explained by an increase in ClC-a-mediated chloride conductance, over and above a resting fluid transport level that relies on other (ClC-a-independent) mechanisms or routes.	Chlorides	104-112	Leucokinin	Drosophila melanogaster	34-39
25228763-8	2014	Therefore, the diuretic action of kinin in Drosophila can be explained by an increase in ClC-a-mediated chloride conductance, over and above a resting fluid transport level that relies on other (ClC-a-independent) mechanisms or routes.	Chlorides	104-112	Chloride channel-a	Drosophila melanogaster	89-94
25268501-4	2014	MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: TGF-beta reduced CaCC and CFTR-dependent chloride currents in both epithelia accompanied by reduced levels of TMEM16A and CFTR protein and transcripts.	Chlorides	72-80	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	31-39
25268501-4	2014	MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: TGF-beta reduced CaCC and CFTR-dependent chloride currents in both epithelia accompanied by reduced levels of TMEM16A and CFTR protein and transcripts.	Chlorides	72-80	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
25086309-2	2014	In the human epileptogenic neocortex an impaired chloride (Cl(-)) gradient has been proposed, due to decreases of potassium-coupled chloride transport (KCC2) and voltage-gated Cl(-) channels (ClC).	Chlorides	49-57	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	152-156
25086309-2	2014	In the human epileptogenic neocortex an impaired chloride (Cl(-)) gradient has been proposed, due to decreases of potassium-coupled chloride transport (KCC2) and voltage-gated Cl(-) channels (ClC).	Chlorides	49-57	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	192-195
25277200-0	2014	Annexin A4 induces platinum resistance in a chloride-and calcium-dependent manner.	Chlorides	44-52	annexin A4	Homo sapiens	0-10
25277200-8	2014	After cisplatin treatment, the intracellular chloride ion concentration, whose channel is partly regulated by ANXA4, significantly increased in the platinum-resistant cells.	Chlorides	45-53	annexin A4	Homo sapiens	110-115
25063810-0	2014	The second sodium site in the dopamine transporter controls cation permeation and is regulated by chloride.	Chlorides	98-106	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 3 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	30-50
24497481-1	2014	Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme-mediated peroxidation of chloride ions, acts as a key microbicidal agent in immune systems.	Chlorides	124-132	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	70-85
24497481-1	2014	Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme-mediated peroxidation of chloride ions, acts as a key microbicidal agent in immune systems.	Chlorides	124-132	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	87-90
24497481-7	2014	More importantly, RBH1-UCNPs could be used for the ratiometric UCL visualization of HOCl released by MPO-mediated peroxidation of chloride ions in living cells.	Chlorides	130-138	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	101-104
25157135-0	2014	The Cap1-claudin-4 regulatory pathway is important for renal chloride reabsorption and blood pressure regulation.	Chlorides	61-69	claudin 4	Homo sapiens	9-18
25157135-4	2014	Here, using a tissue-specific KO approach, we have revealed a chloride transport pathway in the kidney that requires the tight junction molecule claudin-4.	Chlorides	62-70	claudin 4	Homo sapiens	145-154
25157135-5	2014	The collecting duct-specific claudin-4 KO animals developed hypotension, hypochloremia, and metabolic alkalosis due to profound renal wasting of chloride.	Chlorides	145-153	claudin 4	Homo sapiens	29-38
25157135-6	2014	The claudin-4-mediated chloride conductance can be regulated endogenously by a protease-channel-activating protease 1 (cap1).	Chlorides	23-31	claudin 4	Homo sapiens	4-13
24993131-0	2014	Bile acids stimulate chloride secretion through CFTR and calcium-activated Cl- channels in Calu-3 airway epithelial cells.	Chlorides	21-29	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	48-52
24970923-1	2014	The mutated protein F508del-cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) failed to traffic properly as a result of its retention in the endoplasmic reticulum and functions as a chloride (Cl(-)) channel with abnormal gating and endocytosis.	Chlorides	191-199	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	20-79
24970923-1	2014	The mutated protein F508del-cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) failed to traffic properly as a result of its retention in the endoplasmic reticulum and functions as a chloride (Cl(-)) channel with abnormal gating and endocytosis.	Chlorides	191-199	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	81-85
25221477-10	2014	The postsynaptic action of GABA and glycine depends on the intracellular concentration of chloride ions which is regulated by a protein in the plasma membrane, the K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter (KCC2) extruding both K(+) and Cl(-) ions.	Chlorides	90-98	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	190-194
25117505-0	2014	Sinupret activates CFTR and TMEM16A-dependent transepithelial chloride transport and improves indicators of mucociliary clearance.	Chlorides	62-70	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	28-35
25141009-0	2014	IL-17A induces Pendrin expression and chloride-bicarbonate exchange in human bronchial epithelial cells.	Chlorides	38-46	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	0-6
25141009-6	2014	Functional studies using live-cell fluorescence to measure intracellular pH demonstrated that IL-17A induced chloride-bicarbonate exchange in HBE cells that was not present in the absence of IL-17A.	Chlorides	109-117	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	94-100
25141009-7	2014	Furthermore, HBE cells treated with short interfering RNA against Pendrin showed substantially reduced chloride-bicarbonate exchange.	Chlorides	103-111	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	66-73
24934256-4	2014	The mechanism leading to impaired degranulation involves altered ion homeostasis caused by defective CFTR function with increased cytosolic levels of chloride and sodium, yet decreased magnesium measured in CF neutrophils.	Chlorides	150-158	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	101-105
24968287-1	2014	Reactions of primary and secondary benzylic chlorides with trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper(i) thiophene-2-carboxylate (CuTC) have been found to give the corresponding benzylic trifluoromethylated products in good to high yields.	Chlorides	44-53	cutC copper transporter	Homo sapiens	166-170
24899577-0	2014	Adrenomedullin increases the short-circuit current in the mouse seminal vesicle: actions on chloride secretion.	Chlorides	92-100	adrenomedullin	Mus musculus	0-14
25099801-0	2014	The domain interface of the human glutamate transporter EAAT1 mediates chloride permeation.	Chlorides	71-79	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Homo sapiens	56-61
25379375-3	2014	Interestingly, increased levels of hCLCA1 - a member of the calcium-sensitive chloride conductance family of proteins that drives mucus hypersecretion - have been associated with increased mucus production in patients diagnosed with COPD and in immunocompetent rodents with Pneumocystis infection.	Chlorides	78-86	chloride channel accessory 1	Homo sapiens	35-41
24758567-0	2014	Hypoxia augments the calcium-activated chloride current carried by anoctamin-1 in cardiac vascular endothelial cells of neonatal mice.	Chlorides	39-47	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	67-78
24556999-6	2014	We also discuss recent work describing the identification of a novel "NCC-like" transport system mediated by pendrin and the sodium-driven chloride/bicarbonate exchanger (NDCBE) in the beta-intercalated cells of the collecting system.	Chlorides	139-147	solute carrier family 4 member 8	Homo sapiens	171-176
24844117-4	2014	The most rapid and complete antimicrobial action by human neutrophils against many organisms relies on the combined efforts of the azurophilic granule protein myeloperoxidase and hydrogen peroxide from the NADPH oxidase to oxidize chloride, thereby generating hypochlorous acid and a host of downstream reaction products.	Chlorides	231-239	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	159-174
24840884-1	2014	PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to describe the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and its regulatory control of sodium, potassium, chloride, hydrogen ion, and water homeostasis through its effects on the expression and activity of distal renal tubular cotransporter proteins and to discuss the gene mutations encoding these structures that disturb the function of this system.	Chlorides	151-159	renin	Homo sapiens	65-70
24845149-10	2014	In laxative-resistant, constipation-predominant IBS, the chloride-secretion stimulating drugs lubiprostone and linaclotide, a guanylate cyclase C agonist that also has direct analgesic effects, reduce abdominal pain and improve the stool pattern.	Chlorides	57-65	natriuretic peptide receptor 3	Homo sapiens	126-145
25033378-2	2014	Intracellular WNK1-SPAK activation causes CFTR to change permeability and conductance characteristics from a chloride-preferring to bicarbonate-preferring channel through unknown mechanisms.	Chlorides	109-117	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
24930496-16	2014	Interestingly, urea, choline, and chloride ions form hydrogen bonds with the surface residues of the enzyme which, instead of lipase denaturation, leads to greater enzyme stability.	Chlorides	34-42	PAN0_003d1715	Moesziomyces antarcticus	126-132
24911398-2	2014	We have analyzed the effect of mercuric chloride on the structure and stability of the dim light vision photoreceptor rhodopsin.	Chlorides	40-48	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	118-127
25033378-2	2014	Intracellular WNK1-SPAK activation causes CFTR to change permeability and conductance characteristics from a chloride-preferring to bicarbonate-preferring channel through unknown mechanisms.	Chlorides	109-117	serine/threonine kinase 39	Homo sapiens	19-23
25033378-2	2014	Intracellular WNK1-SPAK activation causes CFTR to change permeability and conductance characteristics from a chloride-preferring to bicarbonate-preferring channel through unknown mechanisms.	Chlorides	109-117	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	42-46
24898584-7	2014	A subsequent loss of CFTR-dependent chloride current was measured in functional assays with Ussing chamber analysis of the small intestine ex vivo, creating a cystic fibrosis-like condition.	Chlorides	36-44	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	21-25
25072038-2	2014	This depends on accumulation of chloride inside the cell via the cation-chloride importer NKCC1, being the expression of the chloride exporter KCC2 very low at birth.	Chlorides	32-40	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	90-95
24927234-8	2014	Sweat chloride decreased from baseline to 6 months (mean change, -53.8 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval, -57.7 to -49.9; P < 0.001), reflecting augmented CFTR function.	Chlorides	6-14	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	156-160
24888968-1	2014	Care should be exercised when using CH2 Cl2 as a solvent for reactions in which amines are a reagent, since undesirable deactivation of cationic copper(I) and gold(I) catalysts to form the corresponding inactive neutral chloride complexes [LMCl] (M=Cu or Au) can occur as a result of the generation of hydrogen chloride in the medium.	Chlorides	220-228	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	40-43
24990918-4	2014	The action of GABA depends on the intracellular chloride concentration, which is determined largely by the expression of two cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs), KCC2 and NKCC1, which serve as chloride exporters and importers, respectively.	Chlorides	48-56	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	164-168
24990918-4	2014	The action of GABA depends on the intracellular chloride concentration, which is determined largely by the expression of two cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs), KCC2 and NKCC1, which serve as chloride exporters and importers, respectively.	Chlorides	48-56	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	173-178
24990918-9	2014	Acutely altering chloride extrusion using the KCC2 blocker DIOA masked the effect of exercise on FDD, whereas blocking NKCC1 with bumetanide returned FDD toward intact levels after SCI.	Chlorides	17-25	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
24788249-1	2014	Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a topical airway gland secretagogue regulating fluid secretions, primarily by stimulating cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent chloride secretion that contributes to the airways innate defense mechanism.	Chlorides	198-206	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	31-34
24788249-1	2014	Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a topical airway gland secretagogue regulating fluid secretions, primarily by stimulating cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent chloride secretion that contributes to the airways innate defense mechanism.	Chlorides	198-206	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	129-180
24788249-1	2014	Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a topical airway gland secretagogue regulating fluid secretions, primarily by stimulating cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent chloride secretion that contributes to the airways innate defense mechanism.	Chlorides	198-206	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	182-186
24743031-6	2014	On the other hand, ClTx modified on the liposomes did activate the receptor-associated protein ClC-3 via the binding with MMP-2, leading to the inhibition on cell migration and chloride currents.	Chlorides	177-185	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	122-127
24988347-0	2014	Chloride-driven electromechanical phase lags at acoustic frequencies are generated by SLC26a5, the outer hair cell motor protein.	Chlorides	0-8	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	86-93
24988347-4	2014	This stretched exponential behavior, which we accurately recapitulate with a new kinetic model, the meno presto model of prestin, influences the protein"s responsiveness to chloride binding and provides for delays in eM relative to membrane voltage driving force.	Chlorides	173-181	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	121-128
24318978-2	2014	TMEM16A and TMEM16B, members of the transmembrane protein 16 family (TMEM16), are responsible for calcium-activated chloride currents in several cells.	Chlorides	116-124	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	0-7
24318978-2	2014	TMEM16A and TMEM16B, members of the transmembrane protein 16 family (TMEM16), are responsible for calcium-activated chloride currents in several cells.	Chlorides	116-124	anoctamin 2	Mus musculus	12-19
24318978-8	2014	The presence of TMEM16A at the apical part and in microvilli of supporting cells is consistent with a role in the regulation of the chloride ionic composition of the mucus covering the apical surface of the olfactory epithelium, whereas the localization of TMEM16B to the cilia of mature olfactory sensory neurons is consistent with a role in olfactory signal transduction.	Chlorides	132-140	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	16-23
24534272-2	2014	Although almost all members of this family are transporters, CFTR functions as a channel with specificity for anions, in particular chloride and bicarbonate.	Chlorides	132-140	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	61-65
25206073-16	2014	NKCC1 dependent chloride influx requires the phosphorylation at specific residues.	Chlorides	16-24	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
24743031-6	2014	On the other hand, ClTx modified on the liposomes did activate the receptor-associated protein ClC-3 via the binding with MMP-2, leading to the inhibition on cell migration and chloride currents.	Chlorides	177-185	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	95-100
24685677-1	2014	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-regulated chloride (Cl(-)) channel.	Chlorides	83-91	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-55
24685677-1	2014	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-regulated chloride (Cl(-)) channel.	Chlorides	83-91	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
25697321-1	2014	INTRODUCTION: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a mutation in the CFTR gene, resulting in an alteration of a protein involved in sodium and chloride transport in the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells in respiratory and intestinal tracts.	Chlorides	171-179	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	97-101
24945437-6	2014	Functionally, compared to littermates, Ednrb-/- mice showed increased transepithelial resistance, reduced stool water content and similar chloride secretion in the distal colon.	Chlorides	138-146	endothelin receptor type B	Mus musculus	39-44
24987336-4	2014	Recent evidence demonstrates that large inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in neurons of the superior paraolivary nucleus (SPN) are enhanced by a very low intracellular chloride concentration, generated by the neuronal potassium chloride co-transporter (KCC2) expressed in the postsynaptic neurons.	Chlorides	175-183	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	260-264
24915973-9	2014	This compound is only catalyzed by myeloperoxidase in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and chloride ion.	Chlorides	92-100	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	35-50
24915973-15	2014	Hence, the microparticle-associated myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system may contribute to widespread endothelial cell damage in conditions of neutrophil activation as observed in vasculitis and sepsis.	Chlorides	70-78	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	36-51
24918938-2	2014	The chloride secretion largely depends on non-structural protein 4 (NSP4) enterotoxic activity in human enterocytes through mechanisms that have not been defined.	Chlorides	4-12	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	42-66
24918938-2	2014	The chloride secretion largely depends on non-structural protein 4 (NSP4) enterotoxic activity in human enterocytes through mechanisms that have not been defined.	Chlorides	4-12	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	68-72
24918938-11	2014	These results were confirmed in an organ culture model using human intestinal biopsies, demonstrating that chloride secretion induced by RV-NSP4 is oxidative stress-dependent and is inhibited by Sb, which produces soluble metabolites that prevent oxidative stress.	Chlorides	107-115	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	140-144
28510183-5	2014	Many studies have also demonstrated that CFTR also regulates channel pore opening and the transport of sodium, chloride and potassium.	Chlorides	111-119	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	41-45
24802699-5	2014	Newer approaches including isoform-specific NKCC1 inhibitors with increased central nervous system penetration, and direct and indirect strategies to enhance KCC2-mediated neuronal chloride extrusion, might allow therapeutic modulation of the GABAergic system for neonatal seizure treatment.	Chlorides	181-189	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	158-162
24639001-1	2014	The neuronal K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 maintains the low intracellular chloride concentration required for the fast hyperpolarizing actions of inhibitory neurotransmitters in mature central nervous system (CNS).	Chlorides	69-77	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	32-36
25072038-2	2014	This depends on accumulation of chloride inside the cell via the cation-chloride importer NKCC1, being the expression of the chloride exporter KCC2 very low at birth.	Chlorides	32-40	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	143-147
25072038-2	2014	This depends on accumulation of chloride inside the cell via the cation-chloride importer NKCC1, being the expression of the chloride exporter KCC2 very low at birth.	Chlorides	72-80	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	90-95
25072038-2	2014	This depends on accumulation of chloride inside the cell via the cation-chloride importer NKCC1, being the expression of the chloride exporter KCC2 very low at birth.	Chlorides	72-80	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	143-147
25072038-3	2014	The developmentally regulated expression of KCC2 results in extrusion of chloride with age and a shift of GABA from the depolarizing to the hyperpolarizing direction.	Chlorides	73-81	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	44-48
24694595-7	2014	Our data support a model in which the nimbus provides a scaffold for staging of ciliary components for assembly very early in ciliogenesis and chloride transport by ANO1/TMEM16A is required for the genesis or maintenance of primary cilia.	Chlorides	143-151	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	165-169
24694595-7	2014	Our data support a model in which the nimbus provides a scaffold for staging of ciliary components for assembly very early in ciliogenesis and chloride transport by ANO1/TMEM16A is required for the genesis or maintenance of primary cilia.	Chlorides	143-151	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	170-177
24938289-3	2014	The Arabidopsis thaliana shoot expresses the anion channel SLOW ANION CHANNEL1 (SLAC1) and its homolog SLAC1 HOMOLOGOUS3 (SLAH3), which prefer nitrate as substrate but cannot exclude chloride ions.	Chlorides	183-191	C4-dicarboxylate transporter/malic acid transport protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	59-78
24938289-3	2014	The Arabidopsis thaliana shoot expresses the anion channel SLOW ANION CHANNEL1 (SLAC1) and its homolog SLAC1 HOMOLOGOUS3 (SLAH3), which prefer nitrate as substrate but cannot exclude chloride ions.	Chlorides	183-191	C4-dicarboxylate transporter/malic acid transport protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	80-85
24938289-3	2014	The Arabidopsis thaliana shoot expresses the anion channel SLOW ANION CHANNEL1 (SLAC1) and its homolog SLAC1 HOMOLOGOUS3 (SLAH3), which prefer nitrate as substrate but cannot exclude chloride ions.	Chlorides	183-191	SLAC1 homologue 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	103-120
24938289-3	2014	The Arabidopsis thaliana shoot expresses the anion channel SLOW ANION CHANNEL1 (SLAC1) and its homolog SLAC1 HOMOLOGOUS3 (SLAH3), which prefer nitrate as substrate but cannot exclude chloride ions.	Chlorides	183-191	SLAC1 homologue 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	122-127
24938289-4	2014	By contrast, we identified SLAH2 as a nitrate-specific channel that is impermeable for chloride.	Chlorides	87-95	SLAC1 homologue 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	27-32
24938289-9	2014	Changing the polar character of a single amino acid side chain (Ser-228) to a nonpolar residue turned the nitrate-selective SLAH2 into a chloride/nitrate-permeable anion channel.	Chlorides	137-145	SLAC1 homologue 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	124-129
24632415-0	2014	Chloride and other anions inhibit dichloroacetate-induced inactivation of human liver GSTZ1 in a haplotype-dependent manner.	Chlorides	0-8	glutathione S-transferase zeta 1	Homo sapiens	86-91
24632415-3	2014	We observed that chloride, a physiologically important anion, attenuated DCA-induced GSTZ1 inactivation in human liver cytosol in a concentration and GSTZ1 haplotype-dependent way.	Chlorides	17-25	glutathione S-transferase zeta 1	Homo sapiens	85-90
24632415-3	2014	We observed that chloride, a physiologically important anion, attenuated DCA-induced GSTZ1 inactivation in human liver cytosol in a concentration and GSTZ1 haplotype-dependent way.	Chlorides	17-25	glutathione S-transferase zeta 1	Homo sapiens	150-155
24632415-6	2014	The chloride concentration that protected 50% of the GSTZ1 activity following 2-h incubation with 0.5mM DCA (EC50) was 15.0+-3.1mM (mean+-S.D., n=3) for EGT samples and 36.2+-2.2mM for KRT samples.	Chlorides	4-12	glutathione S-transferase zeta 1	Homo sapiens	53-58
24632415-6	2014	The chloride concentration that protected 50% of the GSTZ1 activity following 2-h incubation with 0.5mM DCA (EC50) was 15.0+-3.1mM (mean+-S.D., n=3) for EGT samples and 36.2+-2.2mM for KRT samples.	Chlorides	4-12	keratin 126, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	185-188
24724903-6	2014	Following bioaugmentation with the mixed dechlorinating culture KB-1, greater concentrations of chloride-a product of dechlorination-was observed in most wells; in addition, ethene production increased significantly in monitoring well locations that had strong hydraulic connectivity to the groundwater recirculation system, while Dehalococcoides and vcrA concentrations did not appreciably vary.	Chlorides	96-104	folate receptor 1 pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	64-68
24719198-2	2014	We report herein a mononuclear dithiolate Co(III) complex, [Co(III)LS(Cl)] (1; LS=sulfur containing ligand), that undergoes a clean, fast, quantitative and reversible Co(II) disulfide/Co(III) thiolate interconversion mediated by a chloride anion.	Chlorides	231-239	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III	Homo sapiens	42-49
24719198-2	2014	We report herein a mononuclear dithiolate Co(III) complex, [Co(III)LS(Cl)] (1; LS=sulfur containing ligand), that undergoes a clean, fast, quantitative and reversible Co(II) disulfide/Co(III) thiolate interconversion mediated by a chloride anion.	Chlorides	231-239	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III	Homo sapiens	45-48
24719198-2	2014	We report herein a mononuclear dithiolate Co(III) complex, [Co(III)LS(Cl)] (1; LS=sulfur containing ligand), that undergoes a clean, fast, quantitative and reversible Co(II) disulfide/Co(III) thiolate interconversion mediated by a chloride anion.	Chlorides	231-239	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	167-173
24719198-2	2014	We report herein a mononuclear dithiolate Co(III) complex, [Co(III)LS(Cl)] (1; LS=sulfur containing ligand), that undergoes a clean, fast, quantitative and reversible Co(II) disulfide/Co(III) thiolate interconversion mediated by a chloride anion.	Chlorides	231-239	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III	Homo sapiens	60-67
24373192-1	2014	AIM: Downregulated in adenoma (DRA, Slc26a3) is a member of the solute carrier family 26 (SLC26), family of anion transporters, which is mutated in familial chloride-losing diarrhoea (CLD).	Chlorides	157-165	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	31-34
24945658-1	2014	It has been reported recently that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) besides transcellular chloride transport, also controls the paracellular permeability of bronchial epithelium.	Chlorides	120-128	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	39-90
24945658-1	2014	It has been reported recently that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) besides transcellular chloride transport, also controls the paracellular permeability of bronchial epithelium.	Chlorides	120-128	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	92-96
24668812-9	2014	Compared with controls, inducing phosphorylation of NCC via low chloride treatment or mimicking phosphorylation by replacing Thr-53, Thr-58, and Ser-71 residues with Asp resulted in increased membrane abundance and reduced rates of NCC internalization.	Chlorides	64-72	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	52-55
24373192-1	2014	AIM: Downregulated in adenoma (DRA, Slc26a3) is a member of the solute carrier family 26 (SLC26), family of anion transporters, which is mutated in familial chloride-losing diarrhoea (CLD).	Chlorides	157-165	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	36-43
24500283-1	2014	Loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function reduces chloride secretion and increases sodium uptake, but it is not clear why CFTR mutation also results in progressive lung inflammation and infection.	Chlorides	84-92	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	8-59
24803536-0	2014	Chloride sensing by WNK1 involves inhibition of autophosphorylation.	Chlorides	0-8	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	20-24
24500283-1	2014	Loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function reduces chloride secretion and increases sodium uptake, but it is not clear why CFTR mutation also results in progressive lung inflammation and infection.	Chlorides	84-92	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	61-65
24803536-2	2014	WNK1 is at the top of a kinase cascade, leading to phosphorylation of several cotransporters, in particular those transporting sodium, potassium, and chloride (NKCC), sodium and chloride (NCC), and potassium and chloride (KCC).	Chlorides	150-158	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
24517375-5	2014	Positions 2 and 5 in the phenyl ring are essential for the described inhibitory activity with a chloride in position 5 and a methyl group in position 2 yielding the best results, giving an IC50 value of 1.8 muM (FGA-19 compound).	Chlorides	96-104	fibrinogen alpha chain	Mus musculus	212-215
24803536-2	2014	WNK1 is at the top of a kinase cascade, leading to phosphorylation of several cotransporters, in particular those transporting sodium, potassium, and chloride (NKCC), sodium and chloride (NCC), and potassium and chloride (KCC).	Chlorides	178-186	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
24803536-4	2014	We found that chloride stabilizes the inactive conformation of WNK1, preventing kinase autophosphorylation and activation.	Chlorides	14-22	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	63-67
24803536-5	2014	Crystallographic studies of inactive WNK1 in the presence of chloride revealed that chloride binds directly to the catalytic site, providing a basis for the unique position of the catalytic lysine.	Chlorides	61-69	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
24803536-5	2014	Crystallographic studies of inactive WNK1 in the presence of chloride revealed that chloride binds directly to the catalytic site, providing a basis for the unique position of the catalytic lysine.	Chlorides	84-92	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
24803536-7	2014	Thus, these data suggest that WNK1 functions as a chloride sensor through direct binding of a regulatory chloride ion to the active site, which inhibits autophosphorylation.	Chlorides	50-58	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	30-34
24803536-7	2014	Thus, these data suggest that WNK1 functions as a chloride sensor through direct binding of a regulatory chloride ion to the active site, which inhibits autophosphorylation.	Chlorides	105-113	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	30-34
24711244-1	2014	In this study, we have investigated the effects of adrenomedullin on chloride and fluid secretion in the rat prostate.	Chlorides	69-77	adrenomedullin	Rattus norvegicus	51-65
24105369-2	2014	The CFTR gene encodes a chloride and bicarbonate channel at the apical membrane of epithelial cells.	Chlorides	24-32	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-8
24643881-4	2014	We then used this system to examine the AID promoter activity of the non-genotoxic carcinogen: butyl benzyl phthalate, bisphenol A, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, cadmium chloride (Cd), and butylated hydroxyanisole.	Chlorides	179-181	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	40-43
24643881-5	2014	RESULTS: Results showed that Cd increased the promoter activity of AID and actually induced AID gene expression.	Chlorides	29-31	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	67-70
24643881-5	2014	RESULTS: Results showed that Cd increased the promoter activity of AID and actually induced AID gene expression.	Chlorides	29-31	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	92-95
24105369-6	2014	We could observe an association of rare EHF haplotypes among homozygotes for c.1521_1523delCTT in CFTR, which exhibit a CF-untypical manifestation of the CF basic defect such as CFTR-mediated residual chloride secretion and low response to amiloride.	Chlorides	201-209	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	98-102
24105369-6	2014	We could observe an association of rare EHF haplotypes among homozygotes for c.1521_1523delCTT in CFTR, which exhibit a CF-untypical manifestation of the CF basic defect such as CFTR-mediated residual chloride secretion and low response to amiloride.	Chlorides	201-209	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	178-182
24509911-4	2014	Chloride currents induced by a TRPV4 activator (GSK1016790A) were markedly increased in an extracellular calcium-dependent manner in HEK293T cells expressing TRPV4 with ANO1, but not with ANO4, ANO6, or ANO10, the mRNAs of which were expressed in the choroid plexus.	Chlorides	0-8	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4	Homo sapiens	31-36
24509911-4	2014	Chloride currents induced by a TRPV4 activator (GSK1016790A) were markedly increased in an extracellular calcium-dependent manner in HEK293T cells expressing TRPV4 with ANO1, but not with ANO4, ANO6, or ANO10, the mRNAs of which were expressed in the choroid plexus.	Chlorides	0-8	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4	Homo sapiens	158-163
24509911-4	2014	Chloride currents induced by a TRPV4 activator (GSK1016790A) were markedly increased in an extracellular calcium-dependent manner in HEK293T cells expressing TRPV4 with ANO1, but not with ANO4, ANO6, or ANO10, the mRNAs of which were expressed in the choroid plexus.	Chlorides	0-8	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	169-173
24509911-4	2014	Chloride currents induced by a TRPV4 activator (GSK1016790A) were markedly increased in an extracellular calcium-dependent manner in HEK293T cells expressing TRPV4 with ANO1, but not with ANO4, ANO6, or ANO10, the mRNAs of which were expressed in the choroid plexus.	Chlorides	0-8	anoctamin 10	Homo sapiens	203-208
24509911-6	2014	We observed that ANO1 was activated at a warm temperature (37 C) in HEK293T cells and that the heat-evoked chloride currents were markedly enhanced after GSK1016790A application in CPECs.	Chlorides	107-115	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	17-21
24509911-8	2014	Cell volume changes were induced by ANO1-mediated chloride currents in parallel with membrane potential changes, and the cell volume was significantly decreased at negative membrane potentials by TRPV4-induced ANO1 activation.	Chlorides	50-58	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	36-40
24152967-0	2014	Anoctamin 1 induces calcium-activated chloride secretion and proliferation of renal cyst-forming epithelial cells.	Chlorides	38-46	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	0-11
24583165-10	2014	RESULTS: There was an association of CFTR class mutation and sodium/chloride concentration in the sweat test (sodium: p=0.040; chloride: p=0.016), onset of digestive symptoms (p=0.012), lung function parameter (SpO2 - p=0.016), Bhalla score (p=0.021), age at diagnosis (p=0.008) and CF-related diabetes (p=0.029).	Chlorides	68-76	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	37-41
24583165-10	2014	RESULTS: There was an association of CFTR class mutation and sodium/chloride concentration in the sweat test (sodium: p=0.040; chloride: p=0.016), onset of digestive symptoms (p=0.012), lung function parameter (SpO2 - p=0.016), Bhalla score (p=0.021), age at diagnosis (p=0.008) and CF-related diabetes (p=0.029).	Chlorides	127-135	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	37-41
24615367-0	2014	Therapeutic restoration of spinal inhibition via druggable enhancement of potassium-chloride cotransporter KCC2-mediated chloride extrusion in peripheral neuropathic pain.	Chlorides	84-92	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	107-111
24615367-2	2014	Maladaptive changes in chloride homeostasis due to a decrease in the functional expression of the potassium-chloride cotransporter KCC2 in spinal cord dorsal horn neurons are a major contributor to the central disinhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor- and glycine receptor-mediated signaling that characterizes neuropathic pain.	Chlorides	23-31	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	131-135
24615367-3	2014	A compelling novel analgesic strategy is to restore spinal ionotropic inhibition by enhancing KCC2-mediated chloride extrusion.	Chlorides	108-116	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	94-98
24615367-5	2014	Exploiting the chloride-dependent functional plasticity of the gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycinergic system by targeting KCC2 may be a tenable method of restoring ionotropic inhibition not only in neuropathic pain but also in other "hyperexcitable" diseases of the nervous system such as seizures and spasticity.	Chlorides	15-23	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	123-127
24452722-2	2014	The encoded protein, ClC-1, is the primary channel that mediates chloride (Cl-) conductance in skeletal muscle.	Chlorides	65-73	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	21-26
24467670-10	2014	The biochemical properties of A. thaliana P5CR suggest a complex regulation of enzyme activity by the redox status of the pyridine nucleotide pools, and the concentrations of proline and chloride in the cytosol.	Chlorides	187-195	pyrroline-5- carboxylate (P5C) reductase	Arabidopsis thaliana	42-46
24022703-6	2014	Knock-down using siRNA in immortalized GPNT cells identifies AE2 as responsible for much of the Cl-/HCO3- exchange following extracellular chloride removal and NHE1 as the transporter that accounts for most of the Na+/H+ exchange following intracellular acidification.	Chlorides	139-147	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
24239489-1	2014	BACKGROUND CONTEXT: NKCC1 regulates neuronal homeostasis of chloride ions and mediates GABAergic activities in nociceptive processing.	Chlorides	60-68	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	20-25
24610784-12	2014	Importantly, NCC protein expression and NCC activity, as measured by thiazide-sensitive, chloride-dependent (22)Na uptake, were decreased upon pharmacological inhibition of Per1 nuclear entry.	Chlorides	89-97	solute carrier family 12, member 3	Mus musculus	13-16
24610784-12	2014	Importantly, NCC protein expression and NCC activity, as measured by thiazide-sensitive, chloride-dependent (22)Na uptake, were decreased upon pharmacological inhibition of Per1 nuclear entry.	Chlorides	89-97	solute carrier family 12, member 3	Mus musculus	40-43
24476694-7	2014	Lack of calcium-dependent chloride secretion in cells from Ano1-/-/Ksp-Cre mice was paralleled by attenuated proton secretion and reduced endosomal acidification, which compromised proximal tubular albumin uptake.	Chlorides	26-34	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	59-63
24152967-2	2014	Cyst enlargement is driven by transepithelial chloride secretion, stimulated by enhanced levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, which activates apical cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channels.	Chlorides	46-54	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	154-205
24152967-6	2014	Knockdown of anoctamin 1 but not anoctamin 6 strongly diminished the calcium-dependent chloride secretion of PLCs.	Chlorides	87-95	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	13-24
24152967-9	2014	Thus, calcium-activated chloride secretion by anoctamin 1 appears to be a crucial component of renal cyst growth.	Chlorides	24-32	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	46-57
24530047-1	2014	Myotonia congenita is an inherited muscle disorder sustained by mutations in the skeletal muscle chloride channel gene CLCN1.	Chlorides	97-105	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	119-124
24795654-2	2014	BGT1 is a member of the solute carrier family 6 (the neurotransmitter, sodium symporter transporter family) and mediates cellular uptake of betaine and GABA in a sodium- and chloride-dependent process.	Chlorides	174-182	solute carrier family 6 member 12	Homo sapiens	0-4
24733046-0	2014	Activity blockade and GABAA receptor blockade produce synaptic scaling through chloride accumulation in embryonic spinal motoneurons and interneurons.	Chlorides	79-87	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor gamma3 subunit	Gallus gallus	22-36
24526686-8	2014	Here, we demonstrate that AnxA2, which binds to phospholipids in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner and may organize microdomains, is codistributed with NKCC2 to promote its apical translocation in response to AVP stimulation and low chloride hypotonic stress.	Chlorides	225-233	annexin A2	Homo sapiens	26-31
24526686-8	2014	Here, we demonstrate that AnxA2, which binds to phospholipids in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner and may organize microdomains, is codistributed with NKCC2 to promote its apical translocation in response to AVP stimulation and low chloride hypotonic stress.	Chlorides	225-233	solute carrier family 12 member 1	Homo sapiens	144-149
24526686-10	2014	Phosphomimetic AnxA2 carrying a mutant phosphoacceptor (AnxA2-Y24D-GFP) enhanced surface expression and raft association of NKCC2 by 5-fold upon low chloride hypotonic stimulation, whereas AnxA2-Y24A-GFP and PKC-dependent AnxA2-S26D-GFP did not.	Chlorides	149-157	annexin A2	Homo sapiens	15-20
24526686-10	2014	Phosphomimetic AnxA2 carrying a mutant phosphoacceptor (AnxA2-Y24D-GFP) enhanced surface expression and raft association of NKCC2 by 5-fold upon low chloride hypotonic stimulation, whereas AnxA2-Y24A-GFP and PKC-dependent AnxA2-S26D-GFP did not.	Chlorides	149-157	annexin A2	Homo sapiens	56-61
24526686-10	2014	Phosphomimetic AnxA2 carrying a mutant phosphoacceptor (AnxA2-Y24D-GFP) enhanced surface expression and raft association of NKCC2 by 5-fold upon low chloride hypotonic stimulation, whereas AnxA2-Y24A-GFP and PKC-dependent AnxA2-S26D-GFP did not.	Chlorides	149-157	solute carrier family 12 member 1	Homo sapiens	124-129
24526686-10	2014	Phosphomimetic AnxA2 carrying a mutant phosphoacceptor (AnxA2-Y24D-GFP) enhanced surface expression and raft association of NKCC2 by 5-fold upon low chloride hypotonic stimulation, whereas AnxA2-Y24A-GFP and PKC-dependent AnxA2-S26D-GFP did not.	Chlorides	149-157	annexin A2	Homo sapiens	56-61
24526686-10	2014	Phosphomimetic AnxA2 carrying a mutant phosphoacceptor (AnxA2-Y24D-GFP) enhanced surface expression and raft association of NKCC2 by 5-fold upon low chloride hypotonic stimulation, whereas AnxA2-Y24A-GFP and PKC-dependent AnxA2-S26D-GFP did not.	Chlorides	149-157	annexin A2	Homo sapiens	56-61
24714160-7	2014	Further analysis by excised inside-out patch-clamp indicated strong inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA)-activated CFTR chloride currents by TV and RV.	Chlorides	120-128	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	82-98
24714160-7	2014	Further analysis by excised inside-out patch-clamp indicated strong inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA)-activated CFTR chloride currents by TV and RV.	Chlorides	120-128	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
24714160-7	2014	Further analysis by excised inside-out patch-clamp indicated strong inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA)-activated CFTR chloride currents by TV and RV.	Chlorides	120-128	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	115-119
24635104-2	2014	The ligand readily accommodates Co(II) bearing two axial chlorides, and the resulting complex is reasonably soluble in water.	Chlorides	57-66	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	32-38
24534704-1	2014	Oxidation of LDL by the myeloperoxidase (MPO)-H2O2-chloride system is a key event in the development of atherosclerosis.	Chlorides	51-59	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	24-39
24534704-1	2014	Oxidation of LDL by the myeloperoxidase (MPO)-H2O2-chloride system is a key event in the development of atherosclerosis.	Chlorides	51-59	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	41-44
24534704-5	2014	Using MS, we further analyzed in vitro modifications of apoB-100 by hypochlorous acid (HOCl) generated by the MPO-H2O2-chloride system or added as a reagent.	Chlorides	119-127	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	56-64
24534704-5	2014	Using MS, we further analyzed in vitro modifications of apoB-100 by hypochlorous acid (HOCl) generated by the MPO-H2O2-chloride system or added as a reagent.	Chlorides	119-127	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	110-113
24534704-7	2014	Furthermore, differences were observed between LDL oxidized by reagent HOCl or HOCl generated by the MPO-H2O2-chloride system.	Chlorides	110-118	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	101-104
24198228-4	2014	Treatment of neurons with BFA, an uncompetitive inhibitor of BIG1 GEF activity, or depletion of BIG1 by small RNA interference (siRNA) significantly decreased GABAARs at the neuronal surface and suppressed GABA-gated influx of chloride ions.	Chlorides	227-235	ADP ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1	Homo sapiens	96-100
24605817-4	2014	The total ion charges obtained thus range between -0.6e for chloride and -0.8e for the PF6 ion.	Chlorides	60-68	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	87-90
24533637-0	2014	Revisited photophysics and photochemistry of a Ru-TAP complex using chloride ions and a calix[6]crypturea.	Chlorides	68-76	transporter 1, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member	Homo sapiens	50-53
24413529-2	2014	The [AlX3(Me2E)] (X = Br or I, E = S; X = Br, E = Te) were made from toluene solution since attempted syntheses in CH2Cl2 resulted in substantial chloride incorporation.	Chlorides	146-154	ALX homeobox 3	Homo sapiens	5-9
23420348-1	2014	The type 2 potassium-chloride cotransporter (KCC2) is the main regulator of intracellular chloride concentration in CNS neurons, and plays a crucial role in spine development that is independent of its ion cotransport function.	Chlorides	21-29	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
24203996-0	2014	Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha causes renal cyst expansion through calcium-activated chloride secretion.	Chlorides	86-94	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	0-31
24660233-4	2014	Sweat chloride and chloride ion transport (NPD) were integrated into a model of CFTR activity.	Chlorides	6-14	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	80-84
24660233-4	2014	Sweat chloride and chloride ion transport (NPD) were integrated into a model of CFTR activity.	Chlorides	19-27	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	80-84
24412532-3	2014	The calcium ionophore A23187 and Angiotensin II (Ang II) activate a chloride conductance in cardiac fibroblasts that shares pharmacological similarities with calcium-dependent chloride channels.	Chlorides	68-76	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	33-47
24412532-3	2014	The calcium ionophore A23187 and Angiotensin II (Ang II) activate a chloride conductance in cardiac fibroblasts that shares pharmacological similarities with calcium-dependent chloride channels.	Chlorides	68-76	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	49-55
24412532-4	2014	This chloride conductance is depressed by RNAi-mediated selective Anoctamine 1 (ANO1) but not by Anoctamine 2 (ANO2) which has been revealed as CaCC and is inhibited by the selective ANO1 inhibitor, T16inh-A01.	Chlorides	5-13	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	80-84
24412532-4	2014	This chloride conductance is depressed by RNAi-mediated selective Anoctamine 1 (ANO1) but not by Anoctamine 2 (ANO2) which has been revealed as CaCC and is inhibited by the selective ANO1 inhibitor, T16inh-A01.	Chlorides	5-13	chloride channel accessory 1	Homo sapiens	144-148
24412532-4	2014	This chloride conductance is depressed by RNAi-mediated selective Anoctamine 1 (ANO1) but not by Anoctamine 2 (ANO2) which has been revealed as CaCC and is inhibited by the selective ANO1 inhibitor, T16inh-A01.	Chlorides	5-13	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	183-187
24535988-0	2014	Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in the kindred of an infant with CFTR-related metabolic syndrome: importance of follow-up that includes monitoring sweat chloride concentrations over time.	Chlorides	150-158	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	62-66
24568560-10	2014	beta-adrenergic sweat rate and sweat chloride are associated with COPD severity and clinical symptoms, supporting the hypothesis that CFTR decrements have a causative role in COPD pathogenesis.	Chlorides	37-45	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	134-138
24373992-2	2014	At present study, we describe the effects of extracellularly applied cAMP and cGMP on glycine-induced chloride currents (I(Gly)) in isolated rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons.	Chlorides	102-110	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	69-73
24586903-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Chloride (Cl) secretion by the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) located in the apical membrane of respiratory epithelial cells plays a critical role in maintenance of the airway surface liquid and mucociliary clearance of pathogens.	Chlorides	12-20	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	43-94
24586903-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Chloride (Cl) secretion by the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) located in the apical membrane of respiratory epithelial cells plays a critical role in maintenance of the airway surface liquid and mucociliary clearance of pathogens.	Chlorides	12-20	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	96-100
24417418-4	2014	Greater than 95% reductions in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium ion were achieved within 6 h. In addition, we experimentally determined a decreasing overall reactivity of reactive chlorine species toward COD with an increasing chloride ion concentration under chlorine radicals (Cl , Cl2(-) ) generation at +3.0 V NHE.	Chlorides	236-244	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	293-299
24764953-1	2014	The title compound, [Pd(SC6H4F-p)Cl(PPh3)2] 0.5CH3OH, features a Pd(II) complex with two tri-phenyl-phosphane (PPh3) ligands arranged in a trans conformation, with one chloride and one 4-fluoro-benzene-thiol-ate ligand completing the coordination sphere, giving rise to a slightly distorted square-planar geometry of the Pd(II) ion.	Chlorides	168-176	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	36-40
24511924-1	2014	The nucleophilic attack of a chloride ion on methyl chloride is an important prototype SN2 reaction in organic chemistry that is known to be sensitive to the effects of the surrounding solvent.	Chlorides	29-37	solute carrier family 38 member 5	Homo sapiens	87-90
24503855-1	2014	Neuronal intracellular chloride concentration [Cl(-)](i) is an important determinant of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptor (GABA(A)R)-mediated inhibition and cytoplasmic volume regulation.	Chlorides	23-31	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 2	Mus musculus	139-147
24431435-9	2014	This mechanism of CLH-3-dependent modulation may be conserved in other neurons in which the driving force favors chloride influx.	Chlorides	113-121	Chloride channel protein;Chloride channel protein clh-3	Caenorhabditis elegans	18-23
24529904-3	2014	N-butyldeoxynojyrimicin (miglustat), an approved drug for treating type 1 Gaucher disease, was found to normalize CFTR-dependent chloride transport in human F508del CFTR lung cells and in nasal mucosa of F508del CF mice.	Chlorides	129-137	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	114-118
24529904-3	2014	N-butyldeoxynojyrimicin (miglustat), an approved drug for treating type 1 Gaucher disease, was found to normalize CFTR-dependent chloride transport in human F508del CFTR lung cells and in nasal mucosa of F508del CF mice.	Chlorides	129-137	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	165-169
24529904-8	2014	Exposure of primary F508del osteoblasts to miglustat partially restored the deficient CFTR-dependent chloride transport in these bone-forming cells.	Chlorides	101-109	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	86-90
24529904-9	2014	This study provides evidence that reversal of CFTR-dependent chloride transport in osteoblasts normalizes bone mass and microarchitecture in murine CF.	Chlorides	61-69	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	46-50
24342234-2	2014	Mutations in this gene affect organs with exocrine functions and the main cause of morbidity and mortality for CF patients is the lung pathology in which the defect in CFTR decreases chloride secretion, lowering the airway surface liquid height and increasing mucus viscosity.	Chlorides	183-191	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	168-172
24600512-3	2014	This review focuses on one class of small molecules that interacts directly with CFTR, namely inhibitors that act by directly blocking chloride movement through the open channel pore.	Chlorides	135-143	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	81-85
24476084-1	2014	In this work, we show that the unique combination of a nickel catalyst and Cp2TiCl allows the direct conjugate addition of aryl and alkenyl iodides, bromides, and to a lesser extent, chlorides and triflates to alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyls at room temperature, without requiring the previous formation of an organometallic nucleophile.	Chlorides	183-192	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	75-78
24586461-0	2014	Improvement of chloride transport defect by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in cystic fibrosis epithelial cells.	Chlorides	15-23	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	44-74
24586461-0	2014	Improvement of chloride transport defect by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in cystic fibrosis epithelial cells.	Chlorides	15-23	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	76-80
24447265-4	2014	The PIR1 active site cleft is wider and deeper than that of VH1 and contains two bound ions: a phosphate trapped above the catalytic cysteine C152 exemplifies the binding mode expected for the gamma-phosphate of RNA, and ~6 A away, a chloride ion coordinates the general base R158.	Chlorides	234-242	dual specificity phosphatase 11	Homo sapiens	4-8
24323076-3	2014	Moreover, LOx thermally denaturised at 90  C showed residual activity in the presence of chloride and dihydrogen phosphate anions.	Chlorides	89-97	lysyl oxidase	Homo sapiens	10-13
24360935-1	2014	Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1 receptor) antagonists were found to inhibit chloride secretion in human airway epithelial cells.	Chlorides	85-93	cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-32
24360935-1	2014	Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1 receptor) antagonists were found to inhibit chloride secretion in human airway epithelial cells.	Chlorides	85-93	cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1	Homo sapiens	34-40
24360935-2	2014	Since chloride secretion in renal epithelial cells, which shares common mechanisms with airway epithelial cells, plays important roles in renal cyst progression in polycystic kidney disease (PKD), this study was aimed to investigate effects of drugs acting as CysLT1 receptor antagonists on renal cyst progression and its underlying mechanisms.	Chlorides	6-14	cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1	Homo sapiens	260-266
24360935-7	2014	Instead, it reduced cAMP-activated chloride secretion and proliferation of MDCK cells in an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner and had no effect on CFTR protein expression.	Chlorides	35-43	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	92-120
24360935-7	2014	Instead, it reduced cAMP-activated chloride secretion and proliferation of MDCK cells in an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner and had no effect on CFTR protein expression.	Chlorides	35-43	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	122-126
24200884-0	2014	Anchored PDE4 regulates chloride conductance in wild-type and DeltaF508-CFTR human airway epithelia.	Chlorides	24-32	phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens	9-13
24200884-0	2014	Anchored PDE4 regulates chloride conductance in wild-type and DeltaF508-CFTR human airway epithelia.	Chlorides	24-32	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	72-76
24200884-5	2014	However, PDE4 inhibition strongly amplified the effects of CFTR correctors, drugs that increase expression and membrane localization of CFTR, and/or CFTR potentiators, drugs that increase channel gating, to reach ~ 25% of the chloride conductance observed in non-CF cells.	Chlorides	226-234	phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens	9-13
24249707-6	2014	More recently, sweat chloride values have been used as proof of effect for the new drugs that activate CFTR.	Chlorides	21-29	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	103-107
24383499-0	2014	Combined time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy study on the complexation of trivalent actinides with chloride at T = 25-200  C. The complexation of trivalent actinides (An(III)) with chloride is studied in the temperature range from 25 to 200  C by spectroscopic methods.	Chlorides	167-175	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	179-180
24383499-12	2014	At T = 200  C two chloride ligands are present in the inner coordination sphere of Am(III) at a distance of 2.78 A.	Chlorides	18-26	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	3-4
24297181-0	2014	Molecular and thermodynamic mechanisms of the chloride-dependent human angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE).	Chlorides	46-54	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	71-102
24297181-0	2014	Molecular and thermodynamic mechanisms of the chloride-dependent human angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE).	Chlorides	46-54	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	104-107
24297181-4	2014	The x-ray crystal structures of the mutants provided details on the chloride-dependent interactions with ACE.	Chlorides	68-76	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	105-108
24297181-5	2014	Chloride binding in the chloride 1 pocket of C-domain ACE was found to affect positioning of residues from the active site.	Chlorides	0-8	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	54-57
24297181-5	2014	Chloride binding in the chloride 1 pocket of C-domain ACE was found to affect positioning of residues from the active site.	Chlorides	24-32	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	54-57
24297181-8	2014	The Glu(403)-Lys(118) salt bridge in C-domain ACE was shown to stabilize the hinge-bending region and reduce chloride affinity by constraining the chloride 2 pocket.	Chlorides	109-117	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	46-49
24297181-8	2014	The Glu(403)-Lys(118) salt bridge in C-domain ACE was shown to stabilize the hinge-bending region and reduce chloride affinity by constraining the chloride 2 pocket.	Chlorides	147-155	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	46-49
24297181-9	2014	This work demonstrated that substrate composition to the C-terminal side of the scissile bond as well as interactions of larger substrates in the S2 subsite moderate chloride affinity in the chloride 2 pocket of the ACE C-domain, providing a rationale for the substrate-selective nature of chloride dependence in ACE and how this varies between the N- and C-domains.	Chlorides	166-174	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	216-219
24297181-9	2014	This work demonstrated that substrate composition to the C-terminal side of the scissile bond as well as interactions of larger substrates in the S2 subsite moderate chloride affinity in the chloride 2 pocket of the ACE C-domain, providing a rationale for the substrate-selective nature of chloride dependence in ACE and how this varies between the N- and C-domains.	Chlorides	166-174	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	313-316
24297181-9	2014	This work demonstrated that substrate composition to the C-terminal side of the scissile bond as well as interactions of larger substrates in the S2 subsite moderate chloride affinity in the chloride 2 pocket of the ACE C-domain, providing a rationale for the substrate-selective nature of chloride dependence in ACE and how this varies between the N- and C-domains.	Chlorides	191-199	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	216-219
24297181-9	2014	This work demonstrated that substrate composition to the C-terminal side of the scissile bond as well as interactions of larger substrates in the S2 subsite moderate chloride affinity in the chloride 2 pocket of the ACE C-domain, providing a rationale for the substrate-selective nature of chloride dependence in ACE and how this varies between the N- and C-domains.	Chlorides	191-199	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	313-316
24297181-9	2014	This work demonstrated that substrate composition to the C-terminal side of the scissile bond as well as interactions of larger substrates in the S2 subsite moderate chloride affinity in the chloride 2 pocket of the ACE C-domain, providing a rationale for the substrate-selective nature of chloride dependence in ACE and how this varies between the N- and C-domains.	Chlorides	191-199	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	216-219
24297181-9	2014	This work demonstrated that substrate composition to the C-terminal side of the scissile bond as well as interactions of larger substrates in the S2 subsite moderate chloride affinity in the chloride 2 pocket of the ACE C-domain, providing a rationale for the substrate-selective nature of chloride dependence in ACE and how this varies between the N- and C-domains.	Chlorides	191-199	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	313-316
24403144-6	2014	We found that the timing of the switch from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing GABA is delayed in the cortex of fragile X mice and there is a concurrent alteration in the expression of the neuronal chloride cotransporter NKCC1 that promotes the accumulation of intracellular chloride.	Chlorides	195-203	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	218-223
24398869-1	2014	We present the case of a young boy with Dent"s disease, identified as having a mutation in the kidney-specific chloride-proton antitransporter CLCN5 during investigation for nephrotic-range proteinuria.	Chlorides	111-119	chloride voltage-gated channel 5	Homo sapiens	143-148
25171321-5	2014	Purified hVDAC3 allowed the passage of both chloride and gluconate anions and did not distinguish between potassium, sodium and calcium used as cations.	Chlorides	44-52	voltage dependent anion channel 3	Homo sapiens	9-15
24201472-1	2014	We present the observation that chloride serves as a simple catalyst for the acceleration of a self-assembly reaction between AsCl3 and dithiolate ligands (H2L) to form As2L3 assemblies.	Chlorides	32-40	achaete-scute family bHLH transcription factor 3	Homo sapiens	126-131
24383074-3	2014	Steady-state [Cl2(- )] would be enhanced by chloride (up to a plateau above 0.1 M Cl(-)) and inhibited by DOM.	Chlorides	44-52	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	14-17
24161582-8	2014	Some OC pesticides or PCBs, such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), chlordanes, and PCBs with 5 or less chlorides showed significant associations with diabetes or insulin resistance.	Chlorides	113-122	insulin	Homo sapiens	172-179
25864331-9	2014	This method could also be used for the determination of OCI- and OBr- ions produced during the enzymatic oxidation of chloride and bromide by mammalian"s peroxidases.	Chlorides	118-126	leptin receptor	Homo sapiens	56-68
25548429-3	2014	Among the genes, we chose the CLCA2 gene, which is involved in chloride conductance and whose protein expression in lung cancer is yet to be characterized, and evaluated its protein expression status in 396 cases of primary lung cancer at Hamamatsu University Hospital.	Chlorides	63-71	chloride channel accessory 2	Homo sapiens	30-35
24159188-1	2014	Chloride-proton exchange by the lysosomal anion transporter ClC-7/Ostm1 is of pivotal importance for the physiology of lysosomes and bone resorption.	Chlorides	0-8	chloride voltage-gated channel 7	Bos taurus	60-65
24159188-1	2014	Chloride-proton exchange by the lysosomal anion transporter ClC-7/Ostm1 is of pivotal importance for the physiology of lysosomes and bone resorption.	Chlorides	0-8	osteoclastogenesis associated transmembrane protein 1	Bos taurus	66-71
23711596-4	2013	Among competitive anions, sulfate and chloride affect the fluoride removal by HBO1 more adversely than bicarbonate.	Chlorides	38-46	lysine acetyltransferase 7	Homo sapiens	78-82
24225328-8	2014	Following seizure activity, there is a collapse of the chloride gradient due to changes in NKCC1 and KCC2 expression, resulting in reduced amplitude of sIPSPs and even depolarizing effects of GABA on CRH neurons.	Chlorides	55-63	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	91-96
24225328-8	2014	Following seizure activity, there is a collapse of the chloride gradient due to changes in NKCC1 and KCC2 expression, resulting in reduced amplitude of sIPSPs and even depolarizing effects of GABA on CRH neurons.	Chlorides	55-63	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	101-105
24225328-8	2014	Following seizure activity, there is a collapse of the chloride gradient due to changes in NKCC1 and KCC2 expression, resulting in reduced amplitude of sIPSPs and even depolarizing effects of GABA on CRH neurons.	Chlorides	55-63	corticotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	200-203
25460734-4	2014	Using the antibody, we observed that the chloride ion, the predominant physiological substrate for myeloperoxidase in vivo, is not competitive toward the enzyme catalyzed serotonin oxidation process, suggesting that serotonin is a plausible physiological substrate for the enzyme in vivo.	Chlorides	41-49	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	99-114
24982998-0	2014	The effect of chloride and sulfate ions on the adsorption of Cd2+ on clay and sandy loam Egyptian soils.	Chlorides	14-22	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	61-64
24036377-1	2013	We have previously shown that chloride ion flux plays an important role in receptor tyrosine kinase A (TrkA)-mediated signaling pathway during nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced differentiation in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells.	Chlorides	30-38	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-101
24036377-1	2013	We have previously shown that chloride ion flux plays an important role in receptor tyrosine kinase A (TrkA)-mediated signaling pathway during nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced differentiation in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells.	Chlorides	30-38	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-107
24036377-1	2013	We have previously shown that chloride ion flux plays an important role in receptor tyrosine kinase A (TrkA)-mediated signaling pathway during nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced differentiation in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells.	Chlorides	30-38	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	143-162
24036377-1	2013	We have previously shown that chloride ion flux plays an important role in receptor tyrosine kinase A (TrkA)-mediated signaling pathway during nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced differentiation in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells.	Chlorides	30-38	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	164-167
26579897-5	2014	The PMF obtained with the QM/MM-IPS method for the SN2 reaction that transfers an NH3 group between two chloride anions closely resembles that from the QM/MM-Ewald simulations.	Chlorides	104-112	solute carrier family 38 member 5	Homo sapiens	51-54
24071827-3	2013	The reaction between BTP and TiCl4 and ZrCl4 and HfCl4 in a 2 : 1 stoichiometric reaction resulted in the formation of disubstituted group IV chloride complexes L2MCl2 10-12 [L = (C1)BTP-H, M = Ti, Zr and Hf].	Chlorides	142-150	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	180-188
23933580-2	2013	A member of the solute carrier (SLC) family, Slc26a6, has been shown to be a chloride-hydroxyl exchanger and the predominant chloride-bicarbonate exchanger in the mouse heart.	Chlorides	77-85	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	45-52
23933580-2	2013	A member of the solute carrier (SLC) family, Slc26a6, has been shown to be a chloride-hydroxyl exchanger and the predominant chloride-bicarbonate exchanger in the mouse heart.	Chlorides	125-133	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	45-52
23711596-8	2013	Presence of higher proportion of chloride compound in HBO1 with respect to others appears to be the factor responsible for its better performance in fluoride removal from aqueous solutions.	Chlorides	33-41	lysine acetyltransferase 7	Homo sapiens	54-58
24121440-10	2013	The chemically diverse inhibitors have a remarkably similar mode of binding in which they straddle transmembrane helix (TM) 3, wedge between TM3/TM8 and TM1/TM6, and lock the transporter in a sodium- and chloride-bound outward-facing open conformation.	Chlorides	204-212	tropomyosin 3	Homo sapiens	99-125
24142145-4	2013	In a mouse model of hypokalaemic periodic paralysis from a sodium channel mutation (NaV1.4-R669H), we recently showed that inhibition of chloride influx with bumetanide reduced the susceptibility to attacks of weakness, in vitro.	Chlorides	137-145	neuron navigator 1	Mus musculus	84-88
23628510-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Ivacaftor, a cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) potentiator, decreased sweat chloride concentrations and improved clinical measures in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with the G551D mutation.	Chlorides	101-109	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	66-70
23757361-5	2013	RESULTS: CFTR down regulates OAG Ca(2+) response and OAG Ca(2+) influx increases CFTR chloride efflux.	Chlorides	86-94	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cricetulus griseus	81-85
23896725-7	2013	Furthermore, rAAV2/HBoV1-CFTR virus containing the full-length cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene coding sequence and the strong CBA promoter efficiently corrected CFTR-dependent chloride transport in cystic fibrosis (CF) HAE.	Chlorides	208-216	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	25-29
23896725-7	2013	Furthermore, rAAV2/HBoV1-CFTR virus containing the full-length cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene coding sequence and the strong CBA promoter efficiently corrected CFTR-dependent chloride transport in cystic fibrosis (CF) HAE.	Chlorides	208-216	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	63-114
23896725-7	2013	Furthermore, rAAV2/HBoV1-CFTR virus containing the full-length cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene coding sequence and the strong CBA promoter efficiently corrected CFTR-dependent chloride transport in cystic fibrosis (CF) HAE.	Chlorides	208-216	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	116-120
23896725-7	2013	Furthermore, rAAV2/HBoV1-CFTR virus containing the full-length cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene coding sequence and the strong CBA promoter efficiently corrected CFTR-dependent chloride transport in cystic fibrosis (CF) HAE.	Chlorides	208-216	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	116-120
23689980-6	2013	Consistent with this hypothesis, triethylammonium (TEA) chloride mimicked the effects of BzATP-TEA on pHi.	Chlorides	56-64	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	102-105
24282612-9	2013	The compound also activated temperature corrected F508del CFTR and enhanced CFTR-dependent chloride secretion in human sinus epithelium ex vivo to an extent comparable to the recently approved CFTR potentiator, ivacaftor.	Chlorides	91-99	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	76-80
24282612-9	2013	The compound also activated temperature corrected F508del CFTR and enhanced CFTR-dependent chloride secretion in human sinus epithelium ex vivo to an extent comparable to the recently approved CFTR potentiator, ivacaftor.	Chlorides	91-99	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	76-80
24189473-3	2013	Barttin is the beta-subunit of the ClC-K chloride channel, which recruits it to the plasma membranes, and the ClC-K/barttin complex contributes to transepithelial chloride transport in the kidney and inner ear.	Chlorides	41-49	barttin CLCNK type accessory beta subunit	Mus musculus	0-7
32261059-6	2013	In addition, Nafion/Aurod@Pt/GCE was found to exhibit a low working potential, fast amperometric response, high sensitivity, good reproducibility, good long term stability, and a high specificity to glucose with negligible interference from uric acid, ascorbic acid, acetamidophenol, or chloride ions.	Chlorides	287-295	aminomethyltransferase	Homo sapiens	29-32
24056247-7	2013	The ultimate product of perchlorate degradation by the sulfite/UV-L ARP is chloride, but chlorate was detected as an intermediate.	Chlorides	75-83	mesencephalic astrocyte derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	68-71
24108353-6	2013	In Xenopus oocytes, we show that a genetically encoded version of our editase can correct cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mRNA, restore full-length protein, and reestablish functional chloride currents across the plasma membrane.	Chlorides	204-212	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	90-141
24327931-2	2013	These studies indicate that treatment of CrIIICl3(PNP) with MAO leads to first replacement of chlorides with alkyl groups, followed by alkyl abstraction, and then reduction to lower-valent species.	Chlorides	94-103	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	50-53
24071811-6	2013	One critical contributor to the neuronal chloride shift is the concomitant upregulation of expression of the chloride-extruding transporter molecule, KCC2.	Chlorides	41-49	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	150-154
24244710-3	2013	The LRRK2 knockout rat, starting at 2-months of age, displayed abnormal kidney staining patterns and/or morphologic changes that were associated with higher serum phosphorous, creatinine, cholesterol, and sorbitol dehydrogenase, and lower serum sodium and chloride compared to the LRRK2 wild-type rat.	Chlorides	256-264	leucine-rich repeat kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
24244710-4	2013	Urinalysis indicated pronounced changes in LRRK2 knockout rats in urine specific gravity, total volume, urine potassium, creatinine, sodium, and chloride that started as early as 1- to 2-months of age.	Chlorides	145-153	leucine-rich repeat kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
24047895-9	2013	The hGGT1 structure also revealed tightly bound chlorides near the catalytic residue that may contribute to catalytic activity.	Chlorides	48-57	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
23966326-8	2013	In summary, ADM may increase oviductal fluid secretion via chloride secretion independent of the nitric oxide pathway for the transport of sperm and the conceptus.	Chlorides	59-67	adrenomedullin	Sus scrofa	12-15
24097188-4	2013	We designed an assay for high-throughput screening that led to the identification of KCC2 activators that reduce intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl(-)]i).	Chlorides	127-135	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	85-89
24687356-3	2013	Defects in CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) protein are responsible for alterations in the transport of chloride in the apical membrane of exocrine epithelial cells.	Chlorides	130-138	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	11-15
24687356-3	2013	Defects in CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) protein are responsible for alterations in the transport of chloride in the apical membrane of exocrine epithelial cells.	Chlorides	130-138	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	17-68
24131821-19	2013	We were able to describe functional/structural sub-domain architecture related to key residues for starch cleavage, calcium, and chloride binding sites in the alpha-amylase, and sterol opening-defining modules and disease-related residues in the NPC1.	Chlorides	129-137	NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1	Homo sapiens	246-250
24204804-2	2013	We have previously shown that cGMP-dependent phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors rescue defective CF Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR)-dependent chloride transport across the mouse CF nasal mucosa.	Chlorides	161-169	phosphodiesterase 5A, cGMP-specific	Mus musculus	71-75
24204804-2	2013	We have previously shown that cGMP-dependent phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors rescue defective CF Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR)-dependent chloride transport across the mouse CF nasal mucosa.	Chlorides	161-169	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	105-143
24204804-2	2013	We have previously shown that cGMP-dependent phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors rescue defective CF Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR)-dependent chloride transport across the mouse CF nasal mucosa.	Chlorides	161-169	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	145-149
24741373-5	2013	The enantioenriched potassium beta-trifluoroboratoamides are successfully cross-coupled with an array of aryl and heteroaryl chlorides in high yield with complete stereochemical fidelity as the transmetalation proceeds through an SE2 mechanism via an open transition state.	Chlorides	125-134	fucosyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	230-233
24091660-3	2013	Oxidative stress could be modified by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR), a Cl(-) channel not only involved in chloride secretion but as well in glutathione (GSH) transport.	Chlorides	147-155	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	42-93
24091660-3	2013	Oxidative stress could be modified by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR), a Cl(-) channel not only involved in chloride secretion but as well in glutathione (GSH) transport.	Chlorides	147-155	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	103-107
23624305-1	2013	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme-containing enzyme that generates hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from chloride (Cl(-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).	Chlorides	95-103	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
23624305-1	2013	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme-containing enzyme that generates hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from chloride (Cl(-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).	Chlorides	95-103	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	17-20
23385884-9	2013	ARSB activity in renal tissue and NRK cells declined when exogenous chloride concentration was increased in vitro.	Chlorides	68-76	arylsulfatase B	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
23778163-7	2013	Addition of the ETB agonist sarafotoxin caused constriction in PAs from tMCAO but not from sham animals (21 +- 4% versus 3 +- 3% at 1 nmol/L; P<0.01) that was inhibited by the peroxynitrite scavenger FeTMPyP (5,10,15,20-tetrakis (N-methyl-4"-pyridyl) porphinato iron (III) chloride) (100 mumol/L).	Chlorides	276-284	endothelin receptor type B	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
23625574-3	2013	RESULTS: 100 muM progesterone rapidly and reversibly shifted the ClC-1 activation curve of mouse skeletal muscle (V50 changed from -52.6 +- 9.3 to +35.5 +- 6.7; P < 0.01) and markedly reduced chloride currents at depolarized potentials.	Chlorides	195-203	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 1	Mus musculus	65-70
23757197-1	2013	Cystic fibrosis (CF), a severe genetic disease, is caused by mutations that alter the structure and function of CFTR, a plasma membrane channel permeable to chloride and bicarbonate.	Chlorides	157-165	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	112-116
24272871-2	2013	We hypothesized that mutations in the solute carrier 26A9 (SLC26A9) gene, encoding for a chloride (Cl(-)) transporter mainly expressed in lungs, may lead to defects in mucociliary clearance.	Chlorides	89-97	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	38-57
24272871-2	2013	We hypothesized that mutations in the solute carrier 26A9 (SLC26A9) gene, encoding for a chloride (Cl(-)) transporter mainly expressed in lungs, may lead to defects in mucociliary clearance.	Chlorides	89-97	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	59-66
23721887-1	2013	Stoichiometry and stability of antitumor ruthenium(II)-eta(6)-p-cymene complexes of bidentate (O,O) hydroxypyrone and (O,S) hydroxythiopyr(id)one type ligands were determined by pH-potentiometry, (1)H NMR spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectrophotometry in aqueous solution and in dependence of chloride ion concentration.	Chlorides	288-296	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	55-58
24304580-2	2013	She carried two mutations in the CLCN1 gene that encodes the chloride channel ClC-1: p.Phe167Leu, which was previously identified in several families, and p.Val536Leu, which has been previously reported but not yet characterized by electrophysiological investigations.	Chlorides	61-69	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	33-38
23924900-1	2013	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a fatal genetic disorder associated with defective hydration of lung airways due to the loss of chloride transport through the CF transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR).	Chlorides	120-128	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	199-203
23385884-10	2013	The impact of high chloride exposure in vivo on ARSB, chondroitin-4-sulfation, and C4S-kininogen binding provides a mechanism that links dietary salt intake with bradykinin secretion and may be a factor in blood pressure regulation.	Chlorides	19-27	arylsulfatase B	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
24068817-1	2013	The neuronal K/Cl transporter KCC2 exports chloride ions and thereby influences the efficacy and polarity of GABA signaling in the brain.	Chlorides	43-51	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
24298579-2	2013	Cystic fibrosis is a serious genetic disease due to mutations in the gene encoding CFTR (Cystic FibrosisTransmembrane conductance Regulator), a protein involved in cellular transmembrane transport, particularly of chloride ions.	Chlorides	214-222	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	83-87
24298579-2	2013	Cystic fibrosis is a serious genetic disease due to mutations in the gene encoding CFTR (Cystic FibrosisTransmembrane conductance Regulator), a protein involved in cellular transmembrane transport, particularly of chloride ions.	Chlorides	214-222	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	89-139
24028552-5	2013	The chloride"s overall affinity to the duplex is substantial in 25% water v/v in acetonitrile (log beta2 = 12.6), and it remains strong (log beta2 = 13.0) as the water content is increased to 50%.	Chlorides	4-12	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	99-104
24028552-5	2013	The chloride"s overall affinity to the duplex is substantial in 25% water v/v in acetonitrile (log beta2 = 12.6), and it remains strong (log beta2 = 13.0) as the water content is increased to 50%.	Chlorides	4-12	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	141-146
24068817-12	2013	Thus, activity-dependent regulation of KCC2 lateral diffusion and clustering allows for a rapid regulation of chloride homeostasis in neurons.	Chlorides	110-118	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	39-43
23842529-1	2013	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) or band 3 is a membrane protein responsible for the rapid exchange of chloride for bicarbonate across the red blood cell membrane.	Chlorides	94-102	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-17
23842529-1	2013	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) or band 3 is a membrane protein responsible for the rapid exchange of chloride for bicarbonate across the red blood cell membrane.	Chlorides	94-102	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	19-22
23842529-5	2013	Measurement of the rapid and specific chloride/bicarbonate exchange by surface expressed AE1 showed that E758K mutant was fully active compared with wild-type (WT) AE1, whereas R730C and G796R mutants were inactive, reinforcing previously reported data on other experimental models.	Chlorides	38-46	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	89-92
23842529-7	2013	In conclusion, stopped-flow led to measurement of rapid transport kinetics using the natural substrate for AE1 and, conjugated with flow cytometry, allowed a reliable correlation of chloride/bicarbonate exchange to surface expression of AE1, both in recombinant cells and ghosts and therefore a fine comparison of function between different stomatocytosis samples.	Chlorides	182-190	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	107-110
23842529-7	2013	In conclusion, stopped-flow led to measurement of rapid transport kinetics using the natural substrate for AE1 and, conjugated with flow cytometry, allowed a reliable correlation of chloride/bicarbonate exchange to surface expression of AE1, both in recombinant cells and ghosts and therefore a fine comparison of function between different stomatocytosis samples.	Chlorides	182-190	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	237-240
23846695-1	2013	The anion exchanger 1 (AE1), a member of bicarbonate transporter family SLC4, mediates an electroneutral chloride/bicarbonate exchange in physiological conditions.	Chlorides	105-113	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	4-21
23615622-2	2013	The complex [Ag3(mu3-Cl)2(mu2-L1-P,P)3](BF4) (1 BF4) contains a triangular array of Ag centres supported by three bridging L1 ligands and two triply-bridging chlorides.	Chlorides	158-167	anterior gradient 3, protein disulphide isomerase family member	Homo sapiens	13-16
23846695-1	2013	The anion exchanger 1 (AE1), a member of bicarbonate transporter family SLC4, mediates an electroneutral chloride/bicarbonate exchange in physiological conditions.	Chlorides	105-113	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	23-26
24005515-2	2013	The Cd(II) atom is pentacoordinated by four bridging and one terminal chloride ligand, forming a slightly distorted trigonal bipyramidal ClCd(mu-Cl)4 arrangement.	Chlorides	70-78	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	137-141
24147347-7	2013	Excised inside-out patch-clamp analysis indicated that RES significantly increased the chloride currents of CFTR.	Chlorides	87-95	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	108-112
24030637-2	2013	Ivacaftor increases the open probability (i.e. gating) of CFTR channels with the G551D mutation, thus enhancing chloride transport, and is indicated in a number of countries for the treatment of cystic fibrosis in patients aged >=6 years who carry this mutation.	Chlorides	112-120	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	58-62
24224154-2	2013	Mutations of the solute carrier family 26 member 3 gene cause profuse, chloride ion rich diarrhea, which results in hypochloremia, hyponatremia and metabolic alkalosis with dehydration.	Chlorides	71-79	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	17-50
24039402-2	2013	CF is caused by loss or dysfunction of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein which is responsible for transepithelial chloride and water transport.	Chlorides	138-146	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	43-81
24039402-2	2013	CF is caused by loss or dysfunction of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein which is responsible for transepithelial chloride and water transport.	Chlorides	138-146	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	83-87
23471296-4	2013	Here, we assess whether chloride and related halides can act as negative feedback regulators of TRPM7.	Chlorides	24-32	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7	Homo sapiens	96-101
23784542-3	2013	Carbachol (CCh) stimulation of the small intestine results in gel-forming mucin secretion from goblet cells, something that requires adjacent enterocytes to secrete chloride and bicarbonate for proper mucin formation.	Chlorides	165-173	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	74-79
23964205-1	2013	Early in development, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mature brain, depolarizes and excites targeted neurons by an outwardly directed flux of chloride, resulting from the peculiar balance between the cation-chloride importer NKCC1 and the extruder KCC2.	Chlorides	189-197	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	272-277
23964205-1	2013	Early in development, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mature brain, depolarizes and excites targeted neurons by an outwardly directed flux of chloride, resulting from the peculiar balance between the cation-chloride importer NKCC1 and the extruder KCC2.	Chlorides	189-197	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	295-299
23964205-2	2013	The low expression of KCC2 at birth leads to accumulation of chloride inside the cell and to the equilibrium potential for chloride positive respect to the resting membrane potential.	Chlorides	61-69	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	22-26
23964205-2	2013	The low expression of KCC2 at birth leads to accumulation of chloride inside the cell and to the equilibrium potential for chloride positive respect to the resting membrane potential.	Chlorides	123-131	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	22-26
23538783-6	2013	The primary measure of CFTR function was the total change in chloride transport (Deltachloride-free isoproterenol).	Chlorides	61-69	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	23-27
23624428-0	2013	Photoelectrocatalysis based on Ti/TiO2 nanotubes removes toxic properties of the azo dyes Disperse Red 1, Disperse Red 13 and Disperse Orange 1 from aqueous chloride samples.	Chlorides	157-165	adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1	Homo sapiens	99-104
23935921-0	2013	Activation of AMPK inhibits cholera toxin stimulated chloride secretion in human and murine intestine.	Chlorides	53-61	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	14-18
23935921-1	2013	Increased intestinal chloride secretion through chloride channels, such as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), is one of the major molecular mechanisms underlying enterotoxigenic diarrhea.	Chlorides	21-29	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	79-130
23935921-1	2013	Increased intestinal chloride secretion through chloride channels, such as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), is one of the major molecular mechanisms underlying enterotoxigenic diarrhea.	Chlorides	21-29	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	132-136
23935921-3	2013	We hypothesized that pharmacological activation of AMPK can abrogate the increased chloride flux through CFTR occurring during cholera toxin (CTX) mediated diarrhea.	Chlorides	83-91	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	51-55
23935921-3	2013	We hypothesized that pharmacological activation of AMPK can abrogate the increased chloride flux through CFTR occurring during cholera toxin (CTX) mediated diarrhea.	Chlorides	83-91	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	105-109
23935921-9	2013	The increase in chloride efflux could be offset by using the AMPK activators AICAR and metformin.	Chlorides	16-24	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	61-65
23935921-13	2013	The present study suggests that pharmacological activation of AMPK effectively reduces CTX mediated increases in intestinal chloride secretion, which is a key factor for intestinal water accumulation.	Chlorides	124-132	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	62-66
23583773-1	2013	AE1 mediates electroneutral 1:1 exchange of bicarbonate for chloride across the plasma membrane of erythrocytes and type A cells of the renal collecting duct.	Chlorides	60-68	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group) L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-3
23744590-4	2013	ADO (Albers-Schonberg disease, or previously ADO2) is characterized by increased number of osteoclasts and a defect in the chloride transport system (ClC-7) of importance for acidification of the resorption lacuna (a form of Chloride Channel 7 Deficiency Osteopetrosis).	Chlorides	123-131	chloride voltage-gated channel 7	Homo sapiens	150-155
23746629-3	2013	The properties of the force generator, its voltage dependence and susceptibility to salicylate, as well as an associated chloride-sensitive nonlinear capacitance, suggest involvement of the chicken homolog of prestin, the OHC motor protein.	Chlorides	121-129	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Gallus gallus	209-216
23605001-0	2013	Influenza A matrix protein M2 downregulates CFTR: inhibition of chloride transport by a proton channel of the viral envelope.	Chlorides	64-72	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	44-48
23672666-0	2013	Catalytic mechanism of angiotensin-converting enzyme and effects of the chloride ion.	Chlorides	72-80	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	23-52
23672666-3	2013	Extending our recent molecular dynamics simulation of the testis ACE in complex with a bona fide substrate molecule, hippuryl-histidyl-leucine, we presented here a detailed investigation of the hydrolytic process and possible influences of the chloride ion on the reaction using a combined quantum mechanical and molecule mechanical method.	Chlorides	244-252	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	65-68
23922647-10	2013	Therefore, we have confirmed an assay of reasonable reproducibility for detecting chloride-transport improvements in response to CFTR modulation.	Chlorides	82-90	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	129-133
23660504-0	2013	Sulfate secretion and chloride absorption are mediated by the anion exchanger DRA (Slc26a3) in the mouse cecum.	Chlorides	22-30	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	78-81
23660504-0	2013	Sulfate secretion and chloride absorption are mediated by the anion exchanger DRA (Slc26a3) in the mouse cecum.	Chlorides	22-30	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	83-90
23660504-3	2013	A leading candidate is the apical chloride/bicarbonate (Cl-/HCO3-) exchanger DRA (down-regulated in adenoma; Slc26a3), primarily linked to the Cl- transporting defect in congenital chloride diarrhea.	Chlorides	34-42	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	77-80
23660504-3	2013	A leading candidate is the apical chloride/bicarbonate (Cl-/HCO3-) exchanger DRA (down-regulated in adenoma; Slc26a3), primarily linked to the Cl- transporting defect in congenital chloride diarrhea.	Chlorides	34-42	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	82-107
23660504-3	2013	A leading candidate is the apical chloride/bicarbonate (Cl-/HCO3-) exchanger DRA (down-regulated in adenoma; Slc26a3), primarily linked to the Cl- transporting defect in congenital chloride diarrhea.	Chlorides	34-42	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	109-116
23676951-1	2013	One pot reaction of hydrated chloride salts of Fe(II) and Co(II) with stoichiometric amounts of 2,2"-bipyrimidine (bpym) in a methanol-acetonitrile mixture afforded the corresponding 1D homonuclear coordination polymers, [mu-(bpym)MCl2]n. Crystal structures of both complexes are isomorphous in the highly symmetric orthorhombic space group Fddd.	Chlorides	29-37	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	58-64
23590241-5	2013	To dissect the functional roles of NOMPC in mechanotransduction, we found that NOMPC-dependent transient adapting mechanoreceptor current (MRC) in the external bristle sensory organ was also chloride dependent.	Chlorides	191-199	no mechanoreceptor potential C	Drosophila melanogaster	35-40
23590241-5	2013	To dissect the functional roles of NOMPC in mechanotransduction, we found that NOMPC-dependent transient adapting mechanoreceptor current (MRC) in the external bristle sensory organ was also chloride dependent.	Chlorides	191-199	no mechanoreceptor potential C	Drosophila melanogaster	79-84
23470663-12	2013	The present and previous RBC studies indicate that anion (AE1), urea (UT-B) and water (AQP1) transporters only transport chloride (all species), water (duck, dog, human) and urea (Amphiuma, dog, human), respectively.	Chlorides	121-129	aquaporin-1	Canis lupus familiaris	87-91
23590265-7	2013	The change from baseline through Week 48 in the concentration of sweat chloride, a measure of CFTR activity, with ivacaftor was -53.5 mmol/L (P < 0.001) versus placebo.	Chlorides	71-79	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	94-98
23341142-3	2013	By making whole-cell recordings, we found that the effect of BDNF is mediated by neuronal potassium and chloride transporter KCC2 because it is blocked by inhibitors of KCC2 or by raising the intracellular chloride concentration.	Chlorides	104-112	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	61-65
23341142-3	2013	By making whole-cell recordings, we found that the effect of BDNF is mediated by neuronal potassium and chloride transporter KCC2 because it is blocked by inhibitors of KCC2 or by raising the intracellular chloride concentration.	Chlorides	104-112	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	125-129
23341142-3	2013	By making whole-cell recordings, we found that the effect of BDNF is mediated by neuronal potassium and chloride transporter KCC2 because it is blocked by inhibitors of KCC2 or by raising the intracellular chloride concentration.	Chlorides	104-112	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	169-173
23073314-1	2013	The manifestation of the monogenic disease cystic fibrosis results from the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated basic defect defined as an altered chloride transport.	Chlorides	179-187	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	76-127
23073314-1	2013	The manifestation of the monogenic disease cystic fibrosis results from the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated basic defect defined as an altered chloride transport.	Chlorides	179-187	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	129-133
23073314-6	2013	Our data strongly argue that CLCA4 modulates the capability to express residual chloride secretion in colonic tissue.	Chlorides	80-88	chloride channel accessory 4	Homo sapiens	29-34
23471296-5	2013	We find that chloride and bromide inhibit heterologously expressed TRPM7 in synergy with intracellular Mg(2+) ([Mg(2+)]i) and this is facilitated through the ATP-binding site of the channel"s kinase domain.	Chlorides	13-21	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7	Homo sapiens	67-72
23471296-6	2013	The synergistic block of TRPM7 by chloride and Mg(2+) is not reversed during divalent-free or acidic conditions, indicating a change in protein conformation that leads to channel inactivation.	Chlorides	34-42	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7	Homo sapiens	25-30
23471296-9	2013	These results indicate that chloride could be an important factor in modulating TRPM7 during osmotic stress and implicate TRPM7 as a possible molecular mechanism contributing to the anti-proliferative characteristics of intracellular iodide accumulation in cancer cells.	Chlorides	28-36	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7	Homo sapiens	80-85
23766534-0	2013	Overexpression of pendrin in intercalated cells produces chloride-sensitive hypertension.	Chlorides	57-65	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	18-25
23574506-2	2013	It is characterized by gene mutations in CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a transmembrane ion channel that is responsible for chloride secretion in the airway passages.	Chlorides	140-148	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	41-79
23574506-2	2013	It is characterized by gene mutations in CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a transmembrane ion channel that is responsible for chloride secretion in the airway passages.	Chlorides	140-148	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	81-85
23766534-3	2013	Here, mice overexpressing the chloride transporter pendrin in intercalated cells of the distal nephron (Tg(B1-hPDS) mice) displayed increased renal absorption of chloride.	Chlorides	30-38	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	51-58
23766534-3	2013	Here, mice overexpressing the chloride transporter pendrin in intercalated cells of the distal nephron (Tg(B1-hPDS) mice) displayed increased renal absorption of chloride.	Chlorides	30-38	pro-platelet basic protein	Mus musculus	104-109
23766534-6	2013	Moreover, excessive chloride absorption by pendrin drove parallel absorption of sodium through the epithelial sodium channel ENaC and the sodium-driven chloride/bicarbonate exchanger (Ndcbe), despite an appropriate downregulation of these sodium transporters in response to the expanded vascular volume and hypertension.	Chlorides	20-28	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	43-50
23609890-1	2013	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene and defective chloride transport across the epithelial cell membranes.	Chlorides	167-175	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	142-146
23609890-8	2013	Taken together, our proteomic and ionomic data reveal that CFTR mutation sets in motion endogenous mechanisms counteracting impaired chloride transport mainly acting on epithelial ion transport and increasing intracellular Ca, suggesting potential links between protein expression and this response.	Chlorides	133-141	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	59-63
23511958-3	2013	of N,N"-diisopropylcarbodiimide, yielded the chlorides [LnCl{LH2}] (Ln = Yb (2), Y (3)) in good yields.	Chlorides	45-54	LIM homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	61-64
23671115-8	2013	Consistent with this, the expression of the muscle chloride channel, ClC-1, in Huntington disease muscle was compromised by improper splicing and a corresponding reduction in total Clcn1 (gene for ClC-1) mRNA.	Chlorides	51-59	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 1	Mus musculus	69-74
23671115-8	2013	Consistent with this, the expression of the muscle chloride channel, ClC-1, in Huntington disease muscle was compromised by improper splicing and a corresponding reduction in total Clcn1 (gene for ClC-1) mRNA.	Chlorides	51-59	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 1	Mus musculus	181-186
23671115-8	2013	Consistent with this, the expression of the muscle chloride channel, ClC-1, in Huntington disease muscle was compromised by improper splicing and a corresponding reduction in total Clcn1 (gene for ClC-1) mRNA.	Chlorides	51-59	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 1	Mus musculus	197-202
23695836-5	2013	With acetate as the electron donor, strain CAB completely reduced perchlorate (ClO4(-)) or chlorate (ClO3(-)) [collectively designated (per)chlorate] to innocuous chloride (Cl(-)), likely using the perchlorate reductase (Pcr) and chlorite dismutase (Cld) enzymes.	Chlorides	163-171	neural proliferation, differentiation and control 1	Homo sapiens	43-46
23641004-2	2013	Eukaryotic NSSs are chloride-dependent, whereas prokaryotic NSS homologs like LeuT are chloride-independent but contain an acidic residue (Glu290 in LeuT) at a site where eukaryotic NSSs have a serine.	Chlorides	87-95	Leucine transport, high	Homo sapiens	78-82
23641004-3	2013	The LeuT-E290S mutant displays chloride-dependent activity.	Chlorides	31-39	Leucine transport, high	Homo sapiens	4-8
23641004-4	2013	We show that, in LeuT-E290S cocrystallized with bromide or chloride, the anion is coordinated by side chain hydroxyls from Tyr47, Ser290, and Thr254 and the side chain amide of Gln250.	Chlorides	59-67	Leucine transport, high	Homo sapiens	17-21
23814642-3	2013	Following separation by chiral supercritical fluid chromatography, the R enantiomer, as determined by x-ray crystallography, inhibited CFTR chloride conductance with IC50 ~ 4 nM, while S enantiomer was inactive.	Chlorides	140-148	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	135-139
23594236-5	2013	Chloride (0.5 M) caused slight increases in the Tm values, small changes in aggregation rate, and minimal yet consistent decreases in flexibility across various domains with larger effects noted within the VL, CH1, and CH3 domains.	Chlorides	0-8	SUN domain containing ossification factor	Homo sapiens	210-213
23445619-3	2013	Two such agents are the biogenic amine tyramine (TA) and the peptide drosokinin (DK), both of which act on the stellate cells of the tubule to increase transepithelial chloride conductance.	Chlorides	168-176	Leucokinin	Drosophila melanogaster	69-79
23557741-14	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Rod photoreceptor terminals possess the molecular machinery for chloride accumulation and for the generation of calcium-dependent chloride currents conducted through anoctamin 2 channels.	Chlorides	77-85	anoctamin 2	Rattus norvegicus	179-190
23557741-14	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Rod photoreceptor terminals possess the molecular machinery for chloride accumulation and for the generation of calcium-dependent chloride currents conducted through anoctamin 2 channels.	Chlorides	143-151	anoctamin 2	Rattus norvegicus	179-190
23590941-2	2013	Among them, the Slo1 and C. elegans SLO-2 channels are gated by calcium (Ca ( 2+) ), while mammalian Slo2 channels are activated by both sodium (Na (+) ) and chloride (Cl (-) ).	Chlorides	158-166	BK channel;Calcium-activated potassium channel slo-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	16-20
23376777-7	2013	Under hypotonic stress conditions, the ability to adapt to changes in intracellular chloride ion concentrations and RVD (regulatory volume decrease) activities were less efficient in cells containing the deglycosylated form of KCC4 that were not expressed at the cell surface.	Chlorides	84-92	solute carrier family 12, member 7	Mus musculus	227-231
23590941-2	2013	Among them, the Slo1 and C. elegans SLO-2 channels are gated by calcium (Ca ( 2+) ), while mammalian Slo2 channels are activated by both sodium (Na (+) ) and chloride (Cl (-) ).	Chlorides	158-166	Ion_trans_2 domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	36-41
23438680-1	2013	Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a major constituent of neutrophils, catalyzes the production of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chloride anion.	Chlorides	146-160	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	0-15
23438680-1	2013	Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a major constituent of neutrophils, catalyzes the production of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chloride anion.	Chlorides	146-160	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	17-20
23042559-0	2013	Tamoxifen inhibits migration of estrogen receptor-negative hepatocellular carcinoma cells by blocking the swelling-activated chloride current.	Chlorides	125-133	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	32-49
23278944-5	2013	Using chamber short-circuit current (Isc) measurements showed that application of galanin to human NCL-SG3 cells led to a significant increase in Isc, which was inhibited by the presence of chloride channel blockers and in chloride-free Krebs solution.	Chlorides	190-198	nucleolin	Homo sapiens	99-102
23478993-8	2013	The chloride dependence shows an apparent saturation at millimolar concentrations that resembles a similar behavior in eukaryotic ClC channels.	Chlorides	4-12	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	130-133
23549460-2	2013	EAAT5 is expressed by retinal photoreceptors and bipolar cells, where it serves as a slow transporter and as an inhibitory glutamate receptor, the latter role is due to the gating of a large chloride conductance.	Chlorides	191-199	solute carrier family 1 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
23431177-0	2013	Disparities in voltage-sensor charge and electromotility imply slow chloride-driven state transitions in the solute carrier SLC26a5.	Chlorides	68-76	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	124-131
23431177-3	2013	Here we report on simultaneous measures of prestin"s voltage-sensor charge movement (nonlinear capacitance, NLC) and eM that evidence disparities in their voltage dependence and magnitude as a function of intracellular chloride, challenging decades" old dogma that NLC reports on eM steady-state behavior.	Chlorides	219-227	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	43-50
23261316-0	2013	Calcium entry via TRPC1 channels activates chloride currents in human glioma cells.	Chlorides	43-51	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 1	Homo sapiens	18-23
23387869-4	2013	Here, we present a study comparing the thermal unfolding of human serum albumin (HSA) in a 1 M solution of the protein denaturant guanidine hydrochloride with two 1 M aqueous solutions of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ILs, namely the chloride and the acetate.	Chlorides	145-153	albumin	Homo sapiens	66-79
23446525-2	2013	In Drosophila, both Drosophila kinin and tyramine act on the Malpighian (renal) tubule stellate cell to activate chloride shunt conductance, and so increase the fluid production rate.	Chlorides	113-121	Leucokinin	Drosophila melanogaster	31-36
23446525-7	2013	Therefore, tyramine and Drosophila kinin signals converge on phospholipase C, and thence on intracellular calcium; and both act to increase chloride shunt conductance by signalling through itpr.	Chlorides	140-148	Leucokinin	Drosophila melanogaster	35-40
25206700-1	2013	The Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter 1 and K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter 2 regulate the levels of intracellular chloride in hippocampal cells.	Chlorides	105-113	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	4-67
22881869-6	2013	MPO has many substrates, but its main phagosomal reactions should be to dismutate superoxide and, provided adequate chloride, catalyze efficient conversion of hydrogen peroxide to hypochlorous acid (HOCl).	Chlorides	116-124	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-3
23148778-1	2013	Cystic fibrosis (CF), a major life-limiting genetic disease leading to severe respiratory symptoms, is caused by mutations in CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a chloride (Cl(-)) channel expressed at the apical membrane of epithelial cells.	Chlorides	175-183	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	126-164
23148778-1	2013	Cystic fibrosis (CF), a major life-limiting genetic disease leading to severe respiratory symptoms, is caused by mutations in CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a chloride (Cl(-)) channel expressed at the apical membrane of epithelial cells.	Chlorides	175-183	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	166-170
23172025-4	2013	This chloride ion is also bonded to the neighboring Cu(II) site in its axial position forming an SP-I dinuclear Cu(II) unit that exhibits small intramolecular ferromagnetic interactions and supported by DFT calculations.	Chlorides	5-13	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	97-101
23149824-0	2013	The chloride channel/transporter Slc26a9 regulates the systemic arterial pressure and renal chloride excretion.	Chlorides	4-12	solute carrier family 26, member 9	Mus musculus	33-40
23149824-3	2013	Here, we demonstrate that Slc26a9, an electrogenic chloride channel/transporter, is localized on the apical membrane of principal cells in the kidney medullary collecting duct and mediates chloride secretion.	Chlorides	51-59	solute carrier family 26, member 9	Mus musculus	26-33
23149824-4	2013	Mice with the genetic deletion of Slc26a9 show significant reduction in renal chloride excretion when fed a diet high in salt or subjected to water deprivation.	Chlorides	78-86	solute carrier family 26, member 9	Mus musculus	34-41
23149824-6	2013	These results suggest that Slc26a9 plays an important role in renal chloride/fluid excretion and arterial pressure regulation.	Chlorides	68-76	solute carrier family 26, member 9	Mus musculus	27-34
23635148-7	2013	The assignment of low-lying spectral peaks to halide p orbital vacancies or to delocalized solvent orbitals is more valid for the chloride clusters than for the fluoride clusters, where a delocalized picture arises from strong bonding interactions between F 2p and H2O 1b1 orbitals.	Chlorides	130-138	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	256-260
23447550-10	2013	Carbonylation of 4 induces a chloride migration from rhenium to the germanium atom to afford the chlorogermylidene complex mer-[Cl(CO)(PMe3)3Re=Ge(Cl)C6H3-2,6-Trip2] (7).	Chlorides	29-37	mediator complex subunit 1	Homo sapiens	159-164
23447550-12	2013	Chloride abstraction from 4 by NaBPh4 in the presence of PMe3 gives the cationic germylidyne complex trans-[Cl(PMe3)4 Re Ge-C6H3-2,6-Trip2]BPh4 (9).	Chlorides	0-8	mediator complex subunit 1	Homo sapiens	133-138
23618909-3	2013	Anoctamin 6 (Ano6; TMEM16F) causes chloride (Cl(-)) and cation currents and is required for Ca(2+)-dependent PS.	Chlorides	35-43	anoctamin 6	Homo sapiens	0-11
23618909-3	2013	Anoctamin 6 (Ano6; TMEM16F) causes chloride (Cl(-)) and cation currents and is required for Ca(2+)-dependent PS.	Chlorides	35-43	anoctamin 6	Homo sapiens	13-17
23618909-3	2013	Anoctamin 6 (Ano6; TMEM16F) causes chloride (Cl(-)) and cation currents and is required for Ca(2+)-dependent PS.	Chlorides	35-43	anoctamin 6	Homo sapiens	19-26
23613805-2	2013	CFTR mutations (F508del is the most common) lead to a decreased secretion of chloride/water, and to mucus sticky secretions, in pancreas, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.	Chlorides	77-85	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
23902890-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of chloride ion channel and its blockers 4, 4"-diisothiocyanostilbene-2, 2"-disulfonic acid (DIDS), cyanato-stilbene-2, 2"-disulfonic acid (SITS) and 5-nitro-2-(3-phenyl-propylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB) on arrhythmias caused by myocardial ischemia reperfusion.	Chlorides	36-44	natriuretic peptides B	Oryctolagus cuniculus	230-234
23229576-0	2013	Highly conductive carbon nanotube matrix accelerates developmental chloride extrusion in central nervous system neurons by increased expression of chloride transporter KCC2.	Chlorides	67-75	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	168-172
23229576-3	2013	Low intra-neuronal chloride concentrations are maintained by a chloride-extruding transporter, potassium chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2).	Chlorides	19-27	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	131-135
23579701-5	2013	In both polymorphic forms, the dinuclear complex molecules are located on a crystallographic centre of inversion, with the Co(II) cations in a distorted octahedral environment consisting of a chloride ligand, three pyridine ligands and a chelating bis-bidentate oxalate ligand.	Chlorides	192-200	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	123-129
23616952-5	2013	In the current review, we summarize the development and clinical experience with VX-770 (ivacaftor), a small molecule that increases CFTR chloride conductance in vitro and in vivo, including wild-type and G551D CFTR.	Chlorides	138-146	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	133-137
23274434-1	2013	UNLABELLED: Congenital chloride diarrhea (CLD, OMIM#214700) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the solute carrier family 26 member 3 (SLC26A3) gene, which encodes an intestinal chloride/bicarbonate exchanger.	Chlorides	23-31	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	122-155
23274434-1	2013	UNLABELLED: Congenital chloride diarrhea (CLD, OMIM#214700) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the solute carrier family 26 member 3 (SLC26A3) gene, which encodes an intestinal chloride/bicarbonate exchanger.	Chlorides	23-31	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	157-164
23376719-0	2013	Extracellular acidic pH-activated, outward rectifying chloride currents can be regulated by reactive oxygen species in human THP-1 monocytes.	Chlorides	54-62	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	125-130
23316067-2	2013	Among these channels is the chloride channel CLCN2, which has been studied as a potential alternative chloride efflux pathway in the absence of CFTR.	Chlorides	28-36	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	45-50
23316067-2	2013	Among these channels is the chloride channel CLCN2, which has been studied as a potential alternative chloride efflux pathway in the absence of CFTR.	Chlorides	28-36	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	144-148
23316067-4	2013	Lubiprostone significantly increased chloride transport in the CLCN2-overexpressing mice following activation of the transgene by doxycycline.	Chlorides	37-45	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	63-68
23316067-6	2013	Cftr(-/-) and Clc2(-/-) mice showed hyperpolarization indicative of chloride efflux in response to lubiprostone, which was fully inhibited by GaTx2 and CFTR inhibitor 172 + GlyH-101, respectively.	Chlorides	68-76	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	0-4
23316067-6	2013	Cftr(-/-) and Clc2(-/-) mice showed hyperpolarization indicative of chloride efflux in response to lubiprostone, which was fully inhibited by GaTx2 and CFTR inhibitor 172 + GlyH-101, respectively.	Chlorides	68-76	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	14-18
23316067-8	2013	Overexpression and activation of CLCN2 leads to improved mouse NPD readings, suggesting it is available as an alternative pathway for epithelial chloride secretion in murine airways.	Chlorides	145-153	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	33-38
23457166-2	2013	These mutations can impact the synthesis and transfer of the CFTR protein to the apical membrane of epithelial cells, as well as influencing the gating or conductance of chloride and bicarbonate ions through the channel.	Chlorides	170-178	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	61-65
23457167-1	2013	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive lethal disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that encodes for CFTR, an epithelial cell-surface expressed protein responsible for the transport of chloride (Cl(-)).	Chlorides	254-262	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	89-140
23457167-1	2013	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive lethal disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that encodes for CFTR, an epithelial cell-surface expressed protein responsible for the transport of chloride (Cl(-)).	Chlorides	254-262	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	142-146
23457167-1	2013	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive lethal disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that encodes for CFTR, an epithelial cell-surface expressed protein responsible for the transport of chloride (Cl(-)).	Chlorides	254-262	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	170-174
23270726-3	2013	The results indicated that enhanced cyclin D1 expression increased the activation of volume-activated chloride currents and promoted the expression of ClC-3 chloride channel proteins.	Chlorides	102-110	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	36-45
23270726-6	2013	Dialyzing CDK4 antibodies into cells via recording pipettes activated a chloride current, but dialysis of CDK6 antibodies inhibited basal and volume-activated Cl(-) currents.	Chlorides	72-80	cyclin dependent kinase 4	Homo sapiens	10-14
23270726-7	2013	The CDK4/6 inhibitor fascaplysin chloride hydrate (highly selective for CDK4/cyclin D1 with IC(50) = 0.35 muM and less selective for CDK6/D1 with IC(50) = 3.4 muM) activated a chloride current in low concentration, but did not show significantly facilitative effects on the current in high concentration.	Chlorides	33-41	cyclin dependent kinase 4	Homo sapiens	4-10
23270726-7	2013	The CDK4/6 inhibitor fascaplysin chloride hydrate (highly selective for CDK4/cyclin D1 with IC(50) = 0.35 muM and less selective for CDK6/D1 with IC(50) = 3.4 muM) activated a chloride current in low concentration, but did not show significantly facilitative effects on the current in high concentration.	Chlorides	33-41	cyclin dependent kinase 4	Homo sapiens	4-8
23270726-7	2013	The CDK4/6 inhibitor fascaplysin chloride hydrate (highly selective for CDK4/cyclin D1 with IC(50) = 0.35 muM and less selective for CDK6/D1 with IC(50) = 3.4 muM) activated a chloride current in low concentration, but did not show significantly facilitative effects on the current in high concentration.	Chlorides	33-41	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	77-86
23270726-7	2013	The CDK4/6 inhibitor fascaplysin chloride hydrate (highly selective for CDK4/cyclin D1 with IC(50) = 0.35 muM and less selective for CDK6/D1 with IC(50) = 3.4 muM) activated a chloride current in low concentration, but did not show significantly facilitative effects on the current in high concentration.	Chlorides	33-41	latexin	Homo sapiens	106-109
23270726-7	2013	The CDK4/6 inhibitor fascaplysin chloride hydrate (highly selective for CDK4/cyclin D1 with IC(50) = 0.35 muM and less selective for CDK6/D1 with IC(50) = 3.4 muM) activated a chloride current in low concentration, but did not show significantly facilitative effects on the current in high concentration.	Chlorides	33-41	cyclin dependent kinase 6	Homo sapiens	133-137
23270726-7	2013	The CDK4/6 inhibitor fascaplysin chloride hydrate (highly selective for CDK4/cyclin D1 with IC(50) = 0.35 muM and less selective for CDK6/D1 with IC(50) = 3.4 muM) activated a chloride current in low concentration, but did not show significantly facilitative effects on the current in high concentration.	Chlorides	33-41	latexin	Homo sapiens	159-162
23306200-11	2013	In the presence of chloride and hydrogen peroxide, ceruloplasmin converted myeloperoxidase to Compound II and slowed its conversion back to the ferric enzyme.	Chlorides	19-27	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	51-64
23306200-11	2013	In the presence of chloride and hydrogen peroxide, ceruloplasmin converted myeloperoxidase to Compound II and slowed its conversion back to the ferric enzyme.	Chlorides	19-27	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	75-90
23483815-1	2013	INTRODUCTION: Myotonia Congenita is an inherited myotonia that is due to a mutation in the skeletal muscle chloride channel CLCN1.	Chlorides	107-115	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	124-129
23288838-2	2013	GAT-1 mediates electrogenic transport of GABA together with sodium and chloride.	Chlorides	71-79	solute carrier family 6 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
23417379-1	2013	Non-dystrophic myotonias (NDM) are characterised by muscle stiffness during voluntary movement owing to delayed skeletal muscle relaxation caused by mutations in the chloride (CLCN1) and sodium (SCN4A) skeletal muscle channel genes.	Chlorides	166-174	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	176-181
23849497-7	2013	Across whole-body sweat rates from 0.72 to 3.65 mg.cm-2.min-1, sodium losses of 26.5-49.7 mmol.L-1 could be expected, with the corresponding chloride loss being 26.8-36.7 mmol.L-1.	Chlorides	141-149	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	56-61
23192874-2	2013	In this paper, we demonstrate a surprising role for Gef1p proton-chloride exchanger in replication of Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) model (+)RNA virus.	Chlorides	65-73	Gef1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	52-57
22989055-2	2013	The associated gene is Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) and it encodes the CFTR protein that functions as a chloride (Cl(-)) channel.	Chlorides	134-142	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	23-74
22989055-2	2013	The associated gene is Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) and it encodes the CFTR protein that functions as a chloride (Cl(-)) channel.	Chlorides	134-142	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	76-80
22989055-2	2013	The associated gene is Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) and it encodes the CFTR protein that functions as a chloride (Cl(-)) channel.	Chlorides	134-142	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	101-105
23139219-14	2013	We conclude that capsaicin inhibits chloride secretion in part by causing NKCC1 internalization, but by a mechanism that appears to be independent of TRPV1.	Chlorides	36-44	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	74-79
23248270-5	2013	Up-regulation of KCC2 function by targeting 5-HT(2A) receptors, therefore, has therapeutic potential in the treatment of neurological disorders involving altered chloride homeostasis.	Chlorides	162-170	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
23295480-3	2013	Tetragonal crystals of hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) incorporating europium(III) chloride (50 mM) were obtained which diffracted to a resolution of 2.3 A at a wavelength of 1.54 A (Cu Kalpha).	Chlorides	81-89	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	37-45
22851451-6	2013	The curious feature of chloride ions having a de-stabilizing effect on native GAPDH structure is described.	Chlorides	23-31	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	78-83
23711138-3	2013	In current clamp mode under a high chloride pipette solution, mWS (400 ng/mul) induced remarkable membrane depolarization (9.75 +- 2.54 mV, n = 6) of CA1 neurons.	Chlorides	35-43	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	62-65
24117067-3	2013	In whole-cell patch clamp mode, methanol extract of Withania somnifera (mWS) induced short-lived and repeatable inward currents in all SG neurons tested (31.3 +- 8.51 pA, n = 7) using a high chloride pipette solution.	Chlorides	191-199	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	72-75
23343619-1	2013	Our previous study has shown that dihydroisosteviol (DHIS), a derivative of stevioside isolated from Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni), inhibits cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated transepithelial chloride secretion across monolayers of human intestinal epithelial (T84) cells and prevents cholera toxin-induced intestinal fluid secretion in mouse closed loop models.	Chlorides	223-231	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	192-196
23343619-6	2013	In contrast, DHIS effectively inhibited CFTR-mediated apical chloride current induced by a cell permeable cAMP analog CPT-cAMP and a direct CFTR activator genistein in T84 cell monolayers.	Chlorides	61-69	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	40-44
23343619-10	2013	Our results indicate that DHIS inhibits CFTR-mediated chloride secretion in T84 cells, in part, by activation of AMPK activity.	Chlorides	54-62	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	40-44
23343619-10	2013	Our results indicate that DHIS inhibits CFTR-mediated chloride secretion in T84 cells, in part, by activation of AMPK activity.	Chlorides	54-62	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	113-117
24826346-4	2013	We have found that the patient with no AKI had stable and high concentrations of sodium (NaU) and chloride (ClU) in sequential spot samples of urine.	Chlorides	98-106	clusterin	Homo sapiens	108-111
23276841-1	2013	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening inherited disease caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR), which encodes for the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) ion channel that regulates chloride and water transport across the surface of epithelial cells.	Chlorides	234-242	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	87-125
23276841-1	2013	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening inherited disease caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR), which encodes for the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) ion channel that regulates chloride and water transport across the surface of epithelial cells.	Chlorides	234-242	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	132-136
23276841-1	2013	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening inherited disease caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR), which encodes for the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) ion channel that regulates chloride and water transport across the surface of epithelial cells.	Chlorides	234-242	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	161-199
23276841-1	2013	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening inherited disease caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR), which encodes for the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) ion channel that regulates chloride and water transport across the surface of epithelial cells.	Chlorides	234-242	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	201-205
23276841-4	2013	A clinical trial performed to support ivacaftor dose selection demonstrated a dose-response relationship between improvement in FEV(1) and decrease in sweat chloride, a measure of CFTR function.	Chlorides	157-165	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	180-184
22878883-1	2013	In patients with cystic fibrosis, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) biomarkers, such as sweat chloride concentration and/or nasal potential difference, are used as end-points of efficacy in phase-III clinical trials with the disease modifying drugs ivacaftor (VX-770), VX809 and ataluren.	Chlorides	119-127	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	34-85
23061490-2	2013	NKCC1 facilitates accumulation of chloride inside neurons and favors depolarizing responses to GABA.	Chlorides	34-42	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
22878883-1	2013	In patients with cystic fibrosis, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) biomarkers, such as sweat chloride concentration and/or nasal potential difference, are used as end-points of efficacy in phase-III clinical trials with the disease modifying drugs ivacaftor (VX-770), VX809 and ataluren.	Chlorides	119-127	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	87-91
23832438-3	2013	Multiple studies have suggested that fluid secretion across ADPKD cyst-lining cells is driven by the transepithelial secretion of chloride, mediated by the apical cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channel (CFTR) and specific basolateral transporters.	Chlorides	130-138	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	163-214
21924596-2	2013	Exposure to Cd (cadmium chloride) in Chang liver cell culture produced cytotoxicity in terms of increase in cell growth inhibition rate, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and cellular lipid peroxidation, which was significantly mitigated by baicalin in a concentration dependent manner.	Chlorides	12-14	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	137-161
21924596-3	2013	Acute exposure to Cd (6.5 mg/kg body weight; ip once only) produced a condition of oxidative stress in rats and substantially increased LPO and GSSG level along with corresponding decrease in GSH and various antioxidant enzymes in liver and also increased the leakage of liver marker enzymes in serum.	Chlorides	18-20	lactoperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	136-139
21924596-4	2013	Therapy with baicalin after 3 h of Cd administration inhibited LPO and formation of GSSG along with increase in liver GSH level.	Chlorides	35-37	lactoperoxidase	Homo sapiens	63-66
23832438-3	2013	Multiple studies have suggested that fluid secretion across ADPKD cyst-lining cells is driven by the transepithelial secretion of chloride, mediated by the apical cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channel (CFTR) and specific basolateral transporters.	Chlorides	130-138	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	233-237
23563661-1	2013	Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) molecule; these mutations result in a defect in chloride secretion in epithelial cell layers.	Chlorides	153-161	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	46-97
23563661-1	2013	Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) molecule; these mutations result in a defect in chloride secretion in epithelial cell layers.	Chlorides	153-161	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	99-103
22809761-0	2013	P. aeruginosa LPS stimulates calcium signaling and chloride secretion via CFTR in human bronchial epithelial cells.	Chlorides	51-59	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	74-78
22809761-7	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Our data provides evidence for a new role of P. aeruginosa LPS in stimulating calcium entry and release and a subsequent chloride secretion via CFTR in human bronchial epithelium.	Chlorides	134-142	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	157-161
22835809-5	2013	CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction was indicated by unreliable sweat tests (45.1%), pathologic sweat chloride (37.3%), genetic tests (3.9%), and nasal potential difference measurements (13.1%).	Chlorides	124-132	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-38
22835809-5	2013	CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction was indicated by unreliable sweat tests (45.1%), pathologic sweat chloride (37.3%), genetic tests (3.9%), and nasal potential difference measurements (13.1%).	Chlorides	124-132	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	40-44
23749691-1	2013	The main underlying physiologic abnormality in cystic fibrosis (CF) is dysfunction of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which results in abnormal transport of sodium and chloride across epithelial surfaces.	Chlorides	187-195	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	90-128
23749691-1	2013	The main underlying physiologic abnormality in cystic fibrosis (CF) is dysfunction of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which results in abnormal transport of sodium and chloride across epithelial surfaces.	Chlorides	187-195	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	130-134
23709024-7	2013	cGKI relaxes smooth muscle tone and prevents platelet aggregation, whereas cGKII inhibits renin secretion, chloride/water secretion in the small intestine, the resetting of the clock during early night, and endochondral bone growth.	Chlorides	107-115	protein kinase cGMP-dependent 2	Homo sapiens	75-80
23555857-3	2013	Here, we show in human cells that IGF-1 increases the steady-state levels of mature wildtype CFTR in a CFTR-associated ligand (CAL)- and TC10-dependent manner; moreover, IGF-1 increases CFTR-mediated chloride transport.	Chlorides	200-208	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
23555857-3	2013	Here, we show in human cells that IGF-1 increases the steady-state levels of mature wildtype CFTR in a CFTR-associated ligand (CAL)- and TC10-dependent manner; moreover, IGF-1 increases CFTR-mediated chloride transport.	Chlorides	200-208	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	93-97
23555857-3	2013	Here, we show in human cells that IGF-1 increases the steady-state levels of mature wildtype CFTR in a CFTR-associated ligand (CAL)- and TC10-dependent manner; moreover, IGF-1 increases CFTR-mediated chloride transport.	Chlorides	200-208	golgi associated PDZ and coiled-coil motif containing	Homo sapiens	127-130
23555857-3	2013	Here, we show in human cells that IGF-1 increases the steady-state levels of mature wildtype CFTR in a CFTR-associated ligand (CAL)- and TC10-dependent manner; moreover, IGF-1 increases CFTR-mediated chloride transport.	Chlorides	200-208	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	170-175
23505426-8	2013	We characterized intra-animal variability in B6;129 mice and defined the cutoff points for F508del-CFTR chloride secretion rescue.	Chlorides	104-112	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	99-103
23451244-10	2013	ApoE oxidation was carried out by VPO1 in the presence of H2O2 and chloride.	Chlorides	67-75	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	0-4
23451244-10	2013	ApoE oxidation was carried out by VPO1 in the presence of H2O2 and chloride.	Chlorides	67-75	peroxidasin	Homo sapiens	34-38
23424641-1	2013	Myotonia congenita is a hereditary muscle disorder caused by mutations in the human voltage-gated chloride (Cl(-)) channel CLC-1.	Chlorides	98-106	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	123-128
23137829-0	2013	Chloride anion effect on the advanced oxidation processes of methidathion and dimethoate: role of Cl2( -) radical.	Chlorides	0-14	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	98-101
23102772-4	2013	Here, we investigate the oxidation of N-hydroxy-l-arginine (NOHA) by hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which is generated in vivo from hydrogen peroxide and chloride by the heme enzyme, myeloperoxidase.	Chlorides	149-157	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	178-193
23486169-3	2013	Chloride transport from cytoplasm into phagosomes requires chloride channels which include cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-activated chloride channel.	Chlorides	0-8	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	91-142
23486169-3	2013	Chloride transport from cytoplasm into phagosomes requires chloride channels which include cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-activated chloride channel.	Chlorides	0-8	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	144-148
23486169-12	2013	These data demonstrate the possibility of pharmacologic correction of impaired recruitment of mutant CFTR, thereby providing a potential means to augment chloride supply to the phagosomes of PMN in patients with cystic fibrosis to enhance their microbicidal function.	Chlorides	154-162	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	101-105
23626907-5	2013	In this work, we tried to explain enzymatic oxidation in terms of redox potentials by employing competitive substrates for MPO such as chloride, which is oxidized by MPO to form a strong oxidant (hypochlorite), and antioxidants that have lower redox potentials than CNTs.	Chlorides	135-143	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	123-126
23626907-5	2013	In this work, we tried to explain enzymatic oxidation in terms of redox potentials by employing competitive substrates for MPO such as chloride, which is oxidized by MPO to form a strong oxidant (hypochlorite), and antioxidants that have lower redox potentials than CNTs.	Chlorides	135-143	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	166-169
23640117-9	2013	Autosomal recessive dRTA is associated with mutations in genes ATP6V1B1, ATP6V0A4 and SLC4A1, which encode subunits a4 and B1 of V-ATPase and the AE1 bicarbonate/chloride exchanger respectively.	Chlorides	180-188	ATPase H+ transporting V1 subunit B1	Homo sapiens	63-71
23640117-9	2013	Autosomal recessive dRTA is associated with mutations in genes ATP6V1B1, ATP6V0A4 and SLC4A1, which encode subunits a4 and B1 of V-ATPase and the AE1 bicarbonate/chloride exchanger respectively.	Chlorides	180-188	ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit a4	Homo sapiens	73-81
23640117-9	2013	Autosomal recessive dRTA is associated with mutations in genes ATP6V1B1, ATP6V0A4 and SLC4A1, which encode subunits a4 and B1 of V-ATPase and the AE1 bicarbonate/chloride exchanger respectively.	Chlorides	180-188	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	104-110
23483918-2	2013	Measurements of chloride transport as expression of CFTR function in nasal epithelial cells correlate with pulmonary function and suggest that F508del-CFTR is expressed at the apical membrane.	Chlorides	16-24	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	52-56
23483918-2	2013	Measurements of chloride transport as expression of CFTR function in nasal epithelial cells correlate with pulmonary function and suggest that F508del-CFTR is expressed at the apical membrane.	Chlorides	16-24	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	151-155
23383138-14	2013	Pendrin is regulated by acidosis and chloride intake, whereas AE1 is enhanced by acidosis, NaCl, and the combination of DOCA and NaHCO3.	Chlorides	37-45	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
23113705-6	2013	The decrease in extracellular and intracellular hexavalent chromium concentration, the induction of heme oxygenase 1, and the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species and peroxynitrite are involved in the mechanism by which stannous chloride protects proximal tubular epithelial cells from potassium dichromate-induced toxicity.	Chlorides	236-244	heme oxygenase 1	Sus scrofa	100-116
23603549-0	2013	[Compound heterozygous mutations in the muscle chloride channel gene (CLCN1) in a Japanese family with Thomsen"s disease].	Chlorides	47-55	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	70-75
24026363-5	2013	After ClC-3 was knocked-down by ClC-3-siRNA, hypotonicity-activated and paclitaxel-induced chloride currents were obviously decreased, indicating that the chloride channel involved in paclitaxel-induced apoptosis may be ClC-3.	Chlorides	91-99	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	6-11
24026363-5	2013	After ClC-3 was knocked-down by ClC-3-siRNA, hypotonicity-activated and paclitaxel-induced chloride currents were obviously decreased, indicating that the chloride channel involved in paclitaxel-induced apoptosis may be ClC-3.	Chlorides	91-99	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	32-37
24026363-5	2013	After ClC-3 was knocked-down by ClC-3-siRNA, hypotonicity-activated and paclitaxel-induced chloride currents were obviously decreased, indicating that the chloride channel involved in paclitaxel-induced apoptosis may be ClC-3.	Chlorides	91-99	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	32-37
23231781-7	2012	RESULTS: We found consistent positive associations between the following biomarkers and PM(2.5) chemical constituents across different models: TNF-alpha with secondary organic carbon, chloride, zinc, molybdenum and stannum; fibrinogen with magnesium, iron, titanium, cobalt and cadmium; PAI-1 with titanium, cobalt and manganese; t-PA with cadmium and selenium; vWF with aluminum.	Chlorides	184-192	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	143-152
23112050-1	2012	The chloride channel calcium-activated (CLCA) family are secreted proteins that regulate both chloride transport and mucin expression, thus controlling the production of mucus in respiratory and other systems.	Chlorides	4-12	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	117-122
23226777-0	2012	Changes in expression of the chloride homeostasis-regulating genes, KCC2 and NKCC1, in the blood of cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy.	Chlorides	29-37	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	68-72
23226777-0	2012	Changes in expression of the chloride homeostasis-regulating genes, KCC2 and NKCC1, in the blood of cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy.	Chlorides	29-37	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	77-82
22918627-5	2012	Ion replacement experiments indicated that MTSET labeling of GAT1 could be driven to completion when valproate replaced chloride in the labeling buffer, suggesting that valproate induces a GAT1 conformation that significantly increases C74 accessibility to the extracellular fluid.	Chlorides	120-128	solute carrier family 6 member 1	Homo sapiens	61-65
23231781-8	2012	We also found consistent inverse associations of vWF with nitrate, chloride and sodium, and sP-selectin with manganese.	Chlorides	67-75	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	49-52
22790975-8	2012	Overall, the mutant could lead to a significantly reduced dynamic response of CLC-1 to membrane depolarization, from a fivefold increase in chloride conductance in the wild type to a twofold increase in the mutant-this might result in slower membrane repolarization during an action potential.	Chlorides	140-148	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	78-83
22982576-3	2012	Phagocyte-derived myeloperoxidase (MPO) utilizes chloride and bromide, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), to generate hypochlorous acid and hypobromous acid, potent oxidizing species that are known to kill invading pathogens.	Chlorides	49-57	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	35-38
23226131-4	2012	At the time of its discovery, nearly 20 years ago, it was understandably assumed to be a chloride channel similar to known members of the CLC family, such as CLC-1, suggesting that chloride transport by CLC-5 was critical for endosomal function.	Chlorides	89-97	chloride voltage-gated channel 5	Homo sapiens	203-208
23110628-2	2012	A possible alternative metabolic pathway in bone marrow and immune cells is the conversion of BD to the chlorinated allylic alcohol 1-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-butene (CHB) by myeloperoxidase in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and chloride ion.	Chlorides	226-234	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	169-184
22982051-1	2012	2-Chlorohexadecanal (2-ClHDA), a chlorinated fatty aldehyde, is formed via attack on ether-phospholipids by hypochlorous acid (HOCl) that is generated by the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system of activated leukocytes.	Chlorides	192-200	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	158-173
22989883-1	2012	Airway submucosal glands are important sites of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride (Cl(-)) channel expression and fluid secretion in the airway.	Chlorides	107-115	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	48-99
22989883-1	2012	Airway submucosal glands are important sites of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride (Cl(-)) channel expression and fluid secretion in the airway.	Chlorides	107-115	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	101-105
22902565-1	2012	Optimal and efficient killing of ingested microbes by human neutrophils is mediated in large part by the action of hypochlorous acid produced by the myeloperoxidase-H(2)O(2)-chloride system in phagosomes.	Chlorides	174-182	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	149-164
23006728-3	2012	We hypothesized that ClC-3-dependent alteration of intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl(-)](i)) underlies the effect of ClC-3 on NF-kappaB activity in endothelial cells.	Chlorides	65-73	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 3	Mus musculus	21-26
23006728-3	2012	We hypothesized that ClC-3-dependent alteration of intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl(-)](i)) underlies the effect of ClC-3 on NF-kappaB activity in endothelial cells.	Chlorides	65-73	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 3	Mus musculus	125-130
23006728-3	2012	We hypothesized that ClC-3-dependent alteration of intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl(-)](i)) underlies the effect of ClC-3 on NF-kappaB activity in endothelial cells.	Chlorides	65-73	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	134-143
22976302-7	2012	In the present study, GABA and SDF-1 are shown to exert opposite effects on the speed of cell movement by activating depolarizing or hyperpolarizing signaling pathways, GABA via changes in chloride and SDF-1 via changes in potassium.	Chlorides	189-197	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12	Homo sapiens	31-36
22785175-2	2012	As glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3beta) is an important cellular regulator of survival and proliferation, we determined its role during injury and recovery of proximal tubules in a mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxic model of acute kidney injury.	Chlorides	195-203	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	3-33
22785175-2	2012	As glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3beta) is an important cellular regulator of survival and proliferation, we determined its role during injury and recovery of proximal tubules in a mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxic model of acute kidney injury.	Chlorides	195-203	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	35-43
22960862-3	2012	Chloride displacement with (CF(3))PCPH, CO, PPh(3), or C(2)H(4) gave complexes of the type ((CF(3))PCP)Ru(CO)(L)Cl, or in the case of (CF(3))PCPH, the bridged dimeric complex [((CF(3))PCP)Ru(CO)Cl](2)(mu-(CF(3))PCPH).	Chlorides	0-8	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5 (inactive)	Homo sapiens	34-38
22964850-4	2012	We have previously found that the NHERF1-overexpression dependent rescue CFTR-dependent chloride secretion is due to the re-organisation of the actin cytoskeleton network induced by the formation of the multiprotein complex NHERF1-RhoA-ezrin-actin.	Chlorides	88-96	SLC9A3 regulator 1	Homo sapiens	34-40
22964850-4	2012	We have previously found that the NHERF1-overexpression dependent rescue CFTR-dependent chloride secretion is due to the re-organisation of the actin cytoskeleton network induced by the formation of the multiprotein complex NHERF1-RhoA-ezrin-actin.	Chlorides	88-96	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	73-77
22964850-4	2012	We have previously found that the NHERF1-overexpression dependent rescue CFTR-dependent chloride secretion is due to the re-organisation of the actin cytoskeleton network induced by the formation of the multiprotein complex NHERF1-RhoA-ezrin-actin.	Chlorides	88-96	SLC9A3 regulator 1	Homo sapiens	224-230
22964850-4	2012	We have previously found that the NHERF1-overexpression dependent rescue CFTR-dependent chloride secretion is due to the re-organisation of the actin cytoskeleton network induced by the formation of the multiprotein complex NHERF1-RhoA-ezrin-actin.	Chlorides	88-96	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	231-235
22964850-4	2012	We have previously found that the NHERF1-overexpression dependent rescue CFTR-dependent chloride secretion is due to the re-organisation of the actin cytoskeleton network induced by the formation of the multiprotein complex NHERF1-RhoA-ezrin-actin.	Chlorides	88-96	ezrin	Homo sapiens	236-241
22992792-3	2012	Moreover, we have performed several thermal treatments on these ClAp crystals, generating new single crystals in the apatite system [Ca(5)(PO(4))(3)Cl(x)(OH)(1-x), where x <= 1], where the chloride anions (Cl(-)) were systematically substituted by hydroxyl anions (OH(-)).	Chlorides	192-200	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	64-68
22723294-7	2012	The impact of such drugs on CFTR biomarkers, such as sweat chloride and nasal potential difference, suggests that they may reset the clinical trajectory of CF, but their effect on long-term outcomes will remain unknown for many years.	Chlorides	59-67	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	28-32
22945630-0	2012	SLC26A9-mediated chloride secretion prevents mucus obstruction in airway inflammation.	Chlorides	17-25	solute carrier family 26, member 9	Mus musculus	0-7
22854961-0	2012	N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor- and calpain-mediated proteolytic cleavage of K+-Cl- cotransporter-2 impairs spinal chloride homeostasis in neuropathic pain.	Chlorides	114-122	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	76-98
22854961-7	2012	Thus, nerve injury promotes proteolytic cleavage of KCC2 through NMDA receptor-calpain activation, resulting in disruption of chloride homeostasis and diminished synaptic inhibition in the spinal cord.	Chlorides	126-134	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	52-56
22852135-1	2012	A synthesis of enantiopure 19-nor-Vitamin D(3) and its C-2 substituted cyclic phosphate analogs is achieved via in situ trapping of an alpha-sulfonyl anion with a CD-ring allyl chloride and 1,2-eliminative desulfonylation exploiting the basic properties of TBAF.	Chlorides	177-185	complement C2	Homo sapiens	55-58
23024633-2	2012	Using phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, we and others have provided evidence of rescued F508del-CFTR trafficking and corrected deficient chloride transport activity.	Chlorides	147-155	phosphodiesterase 5A, cGMP-specific	Mus musculus	6-30
23024633-2	2012	Using phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, we and others have provided evidence of rescued F508del-CFTR trafficking and corrected deficient chloride transport activity.	Chlorides	147-155	phosphodiesterase 5A, cGMP-specific	Mus musculus	32-36
23024633-4	2012	We demonstrated, by measuring transepithelial nasal potential difference in F508del mice following intraperitoneal injection of sildenafil, vardenafil, or taladafil at clinical doses are able to restore the decreased CFTR-dependent chloride transport across the nasal mucosa.	Chlorides	232-240	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	217-221
23112425-4	2012	RESULTS: In permeabilized FRT cells, apical chloride current induced by CFTR agonists (10 muM forskolin, 100 muM CPT-cAMP, and 20 muM apigenin) was inhibited by DQA with IC(50) ~ 20 muM and complete inhibition at 200 muM.	Chlorides	44-52	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	72-76
23112425-4	2012	RESULTS: In permeabilized FRT cells, apical chloride current induced by CFTR agonists (10 muM forskolin, 100 muM CPT-cAMP, and 20 muM apigenin) was inhibited by DQA with IC(50) ~ 20 muM and complete inhibition at 200 muM.	Chlorides	44-52	latexin	Homo sapiens	90-93
23112425-4	2012	RESULTS: In permeabilized FRT cells, apical chloride current induced by CFTR agonists (10 muM forskolin, 100 muM CPT-cAMP, and 20 muM apigenin) was inhibited by DQA with IC(50) ~ 20 muM and complete inhibition at 200 muM.	Chlorides	44-52	latexin	Homo sapiens	109-112
23112425-4	2012	RESULTS: In permeabilized FRT cells, apical chloride current induced by CFTR agonists (10 muM forskolin, 100 muM CPT-cAMP, and 20 muM apigenin) was inhibited by DQA with IC(50) ~ 20 muM and complete inhibition at 200 muM.	Chlorides	44-52	latexin	Homo sapiens	109-112
23112425-4	2012	RESULTS: In permeabilized FRT cells, apical chloride current induced by CFTR agonists (10 muM forskolin, 100 muM CPT-cAMP, and 20 muM apigenin) was inhibited by DQA with IC(50) ~ 20 muM and complete inhibition at 200 muM.	Chlorides	44-52	latexin	Homo sapiens	109-112
23112425-4	2012	RESULTS: In permeabilized FRT cells, apical chloride current induced by CFTR agonists (10 muM forskolin, 100 muM CPT-cAMP, and 20 muM apigenin) was inhibited by DQA with IC(50) ~ 20 muM and complete inhibition at 200 muM.	Chlorides	44-52	latexin	Homo sapiens	109-112
22304486-1	2012	Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is generated by myeloperoxidase, using chloride and hydrogen peroxide as substrates.	Chlorides	64-72	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	41-56
22753549-0	2012	Sequential interaction of chloride and proton ions with the fast gate steer the voltage-dependent gating in ClC-2 chloride channels.	Chlorides	26-34	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	108-113
22922672-1	2012	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a fatal genetic disease caused by mutations in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) gene, which regulates chloride and water transport across all epithelia and affects multiple organs, including the lungs.	Chlorides	156-164	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	75-79
22922672-1	2012	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a fatal genetic disease caused by mutations in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) gene, which regulates chloride and water transport across all epithelia and affects multiple organs, including the lungs.	Chlorides	156-164	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	81-132
22864523-0	2012	Influence of WNK3 on intracellular chloride concentration and volume regulation in HEK293 cells.	Chlorides	35-43	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	13-17
22718769-9	2012	Here the dye well reflected the different substrate specificities of myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase regarding chloride and bromide.	Chlorides	121-129	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	69-84
22904741-2	2012	There are several hydrogen-bonding inter-actions, the most significant of which is a hydrogen bond between the amide moiety of the NHC and the chloride ligand.	Chlorides	143-151	high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 4	Homo sapiens	131-134
24225107-1	2013	In this paper, the abatement of adsorbable halogenated organic compounds (AOX) from an industrial wastewater containing relatively high chloride concentrations by a combined chemical and biological oxidation is assessed.	Chlorides	136-144	acyl-CoA oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	74-77
22998521-0	2012	Halide ordering in reduced mixed halides, chlorides/iodides, of zirconium: syntheses and structures of Cs2[(Zr6B)(Cl,I)15] cluster compounds.	Chlorides	42-51	chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2	Homo sapiens	103-106
23097607-2	2012	Occurrence of splicing and mutations in the muscle chloride channel gene CLCN1 have been reported to contribute to the phenotype.	Chlorides	51-59	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 1	Mus musculus	73-78
22732190-7	2012	In addition, flow cytometry analysis of the neuron-specific marker protein MAP2 on day 12 after induction of differentiation demonstrated a concentration dependent effect of the neurodevelopmental toxicants methylmercury chloride, chlorpyrifos, and lead acetate on neuronal differentiation.	Chlorides	221-229	microtubule-associated protein 2	Mus musculus	75-79
22832791-2	2012	(5Z)-3,7-syn-7-(2-Trimethylsilylethoxy)methoxyocta-1,5-dien-3-ol 17 was prepared from the tin(iv) chloride promoted reaction of 4-(2-trimethylsilylethoxy)methoxypent-2-enyl(tributyl)stannane 16 with acrolein (1,5-syn : 1,5-anti = 96 : 4).	Chlorides	96-106	synemin	Homo sapiens	9-12
22832791-2	2012	(5Z)-3,7-syn-7-(2-Trimethylsilylethoxy)methoxyocta-1,5-dien-3-ol 17 was prepared from the tin(iv) chloride promoted reaction of 4-(2-trimethylsilylethoxy)methoxypent-2-enyl(tributyl)stannane 16 with acrolein (1,5-syn : 1,5-anti = 96 : 4).	Chlorides	96-106	synemin	Homo sapiens	213-216
22462755-3	2012	HOCl is generated by myeloperoxidase, (MPO) using chloride and hydrogen peroxide as substrates.	Chlorides	50-58	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	21-36
22462755-3	2012	HOCl is generated by myeloperoxidase, (MPO) using chloride and hydrogen peroxide as substrates.	Chlorides	50-58	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	39-42
22895718-1	2012	The K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 plays a crucial role in neuronal chloride regulation.	Chlorides	61-69	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	23-27
22960862-3	2012	Chloride displacement with (CF(3))PCPH, CO, PPh(3), or C(2)H(4) gave complexes of the type ((CF(3))PCP)Ru(CO)(L)Cl, or in the case of (CF(3))PCPH, the bridged dimeric complex [((CF(3))PCP)Ru(CO)Cl](2)(mu-(CF(3))PCPH).	Chlorides	0-8	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5 (inactive)	Homo sapiens	141-145
22960862-3	2012	Chloride displacement with (CF(3))PCPH, CO, PPh(3), or C(2)H(4) gave complexes of the type ((CF(3))PCP)Ru(CO)(L)Cl, or in the case of (CF(3))PCPH, the bridged dimeric complex [((CF(3))PCP)Ru(CO)Cl](2)(mu-(CF(3))PCPH).	Chlorides	0-8	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5 (inactive)	Homo sapiens	141-145
22402829-10	2012	As claudin-17 is predominantly expressed in proximal nephrons, which exhibit substantial, though molecularly not defined, paracellular chloride reabsorption, we suggest that claudin-17 has a unique physiological function in this process.	Chlorides	135-143	claudin 17	Canis lupus familiaris	3-13
22575607-3	2012	SGK1 promotes the trafficking of CFTR chloride channels from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane of the gill within the first hour in seawater resulting in increased chloride secretion.	Chlorides	38-46	serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1	Fundulus heteroclitus	0-4
22575607-3	2012	SGK1 promotes the trafficking of CFTR chloride channels from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane of the gill within the first hour in seawater resulting in increased chloride secretion.	Chlorides	38-46	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Fundulus heteroclitus	33-37
22355012-2	2012	Whereas all MHPs oxidize specific halides to generate the corresponding hypohalous acid, MPO is unique in its capacity to oxidize chloride at physiologic pH to produce hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a potent microbicide that contributes to neutrophil-mediated host defense against infection.	Chlorides	130-138	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	89-92
22641783-1	2012	Myotonia congenita is a genetic condition that is caused by mutations in the muscle chloride channel gene CLCN1 and characterized by delayed muscle relaxation and muscle stiffness.	Chlorides	84-92	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	106-111
22837036-4	2012	Stimulating P2X4 receptors initiates a core pain signaling pathway mediated by release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which produces a disinhibitory increase in intracellular chloride in nociceptive (pain-transmitting) neurons in the spinal dorsal horn.	Chlorides	182-190	purinergic receptor P2X 4	Homo sapiens	12-16
22837036-4	2012	Stimulating P2X4 receptors initiates a core pain signaling pathway mediated by release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which produces a disinhibitory increase in intracellular chloride in nociceptive (pain-transmitting) neurons in the spinal dorsal horn.	Chlorides	182-190	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	90-123
22747601-6	2012	Remarkably, despite replacement of the Asp ligand, zinc binding is retained at the S100A15 dimer interface with distorted tetrahedral geometry and a chloride ion serving as an exogenous fourth ligand.	Chlorides	149-157	S100 calcium binding protein A7A	Homo sapiens	83-90
22676369-0	2012	Electrodeposition of copper on a Pt(111) electrode in sulfuric acid containing poly(ethylene glycol) and chloride ions as probed by in situ STM.	Chlorides	105-113	sulfotransferase family 1A member 3	Homo sapiens	140-143
22496242-0	2012	ClC-3 is a candidate of the channel proteins mediating acid-activated chloride currents in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.	Chlorides	70-78	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	0-5
22496242-11	2012	ClC-3 is a candidate of the channel proteins that mediate or regulate the acid-activated chloride current in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.	Chlorides	89-97	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	0-5
22702502-11	2012	Furthermore, using a quantitative functional measure of epithelial cell secretory function in vitro, EPO increased the air-surface liquid depth via an ASIC-dependent chloride secretory pathway.	Chlorides	166-174	eosinophil peroxidase	Homo sapiens	101-104
22702502-11	2012	Furthermore, using a quantitative functional measure of epithelial cell secretory function in vitro, EPO increased the air-surface liquid depth via an ASIC-dependent chloride secretory pathway.	Chlorides	166-174	acid sensing ion channel subunit 1	Homo sapiens	151-155
22526679-2	2012	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is expressed in phagocytes and is the only animal heme peroxidase previously reported to be capable of using chloride ion as a substrate to form the highly microbicidal species hypochlorous acid (HOCl) at neutral pH.	Chlorides	131-139	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
22526679-2	2012	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is expressed in phagocytes and is the only animal heme peroxidase previously reported to be capable of using chloride ion as a substrate to form the highly microbicidal species hypochlorous acid (HOCl) at neutral pH.	Chlorides	131-139	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	17-20
22526679-8	2012	Like MPO, VPO1 in the presence of H2O2 and chloride generates HOCl.	Chlorides	43-51	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	5-8
22526679-8	2012	Like MPO, VPO1 in the presence of H2O2 and chloride generates HOCl.	Chlorides	43-51	peroxidasin	Homo sapiens	10-14
22526679-11	2012	Purified VPO1 and VPO1 in plasma mediate bacterial killing that is dependent on chloride and H2O2; killing is inhibited by peroxidase inhibitors and by the H2O2 scavenger catalase.	Chlorides	80-88	peroxidasin	Homo sapiens	9-13
22526679-11	2012	Purified VPO1 and VPO1 in plasma mediate bacterial killing that is dependent on chloride and H2O2; killing is inhibited by peroxidase inhibitors and by the H2O2 scavenger catalase.	Chlorides	80-88	peroxidasin	Homo sapiens	18-22
22518001-1	2012	Mutations in SLC4A1 that mislocalize its product, the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger AE1, away from its normal position on the basolateral membrane of the alpha-intercalated cell cause autosomal dominant distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA).	Chlorides	54-62	solute carrier family 4 member 1	Canis lupus familiaris	13-19
22518001-1	2012	Mutations in SLC4A1 that mislocalize its product, the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger AE1, away from its normal position on the basolateral membrane of the alpha-intercalated cell cause autosomal dominant distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA).	Chlorides	54-62	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	85-88
22473778-8	2012	Increased excitability was prevented by treating slices with BAPTA-AM or bumetanide, suggesting that gp120 activates a mechanism that is both calcium- and chloride-dependent.	Chlorides	155-163	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	101-106
22473778-10	2012	We propose that CXCL12 and gp120 either generate calcium responses of different strength or activate distinct pools of intracellular calcium, leading to agonist-specific responses, mediated by BK channels in the case of CXCL12, and by a chloride-dependent mechanism in the case of gp120.	Chlorides	237-245	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12	Homo sapiens	16-22
22473778-10	2012	We propose that CXCL12 and gp120 either generate calcium responses of different strength or activate distinct pools of intracellular calcium, leading to agonist-specific responses, mediated by BK channels in the case of CXCL12, and by a chloride-dependent mechanism in the case of gp120.	Chlorides	237-245	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	27-32
22473778-10	2012	We propose that CXCL12 and gp120 either generate calcium responses of different strength or activate distinct pools of intracellular calcium, leading to agonist-specific responses, mediated by BK channels in the case of CXCL12, and by a chloride-dependent mechanism in the case of gp120.	Chlorides	237-245	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	281-286
22609694-0	2012	KCC3-dependent chloride extrusion in adult sensory neurons.	Chlorides	15-23	solute carrier family 12, member 6	Mus musculus	0-4
22168445-10	2012	CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated for the first time that rat BMEPCs expressed intermediate-conductance Ca(2+) -activated potassium currents and volume-sensitive chloride currents, and corresponding genes and proteins of these two channels are KCNN4 and Clcn3 respectively.	Chlorides	165-173	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Rattus norvegicus	247-252
22670799-2	2012	These extremely reactive complexes abstract chloride from dichloromethane to generate U(NDipp)(2)Cl(R(2)bpy)(2) or U(NDipp)(2)Cl(tppo)(3) (Dipp = 2,6-(i)Pr(2)C(6)H(3)).	Chlorides	44-52	nudix hydrolase 4	Homo sapiens	139-147
22168445-10	2012	CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated for the first time that rat BMEPCs expressed intermediate-conductance Ca(2+) -activated potassium currents and volume-sensitive chloride currents, and corresponding genes and proteins of these two channels are KCNN4 and Clcn3 respectively.	Chlorides	165-173	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Rattus norvegicus	257-262
22671585-8	2012	In kidney proximal tubules, claudin-2, claudin-10, and claudin-17 allow for paracellular reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and water.	Chlorides	113-121	claudin 2	Homo sapiens	28-37
22671585-8	2012	In kidney proximal tubules, claudin-2, claudin-10, and claudin-17 allow for paracellular reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and water.	Chlorides	113-121	claudin 10	Homo sapiens	39-49
22671585-8	2012	In kidney proximal tubules, claudin-2, claudin-10, and claudin-17 allow for paracellular reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and water.	Chlorides	113-121	claudin 17	Homo sapiens	55-65
22560905-3	2012	RKC-containing peptides derived from CD23 show dose-dependent, biphasic binding profiles to both alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 that are cation-independent but sensitive to high chloride ion concentrations.	Chlorides	175-183	Fc epsilon receptor II	Homo sapiens	37-41
26069764-2	2012	Patients with congenital NDI bearing mutations in the vasopressin 2 receptor gene, AVPR2, or in the aquaporin-2 gene, AQP2, have a pure NDI phenotype with loss of water but normal conservation of sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium.	Chlorides	215-223	arginine vasopressin receptor 2	Homo sapiens	25-28
22723696-0	2012	NKCC1 upregulation disrupts chloride homeostasis in the hypothalamus and increases neuronal activity-sympathetic drive in hypertension.	Chlorides	28-36	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
22723696-4	2012	Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter-1 (NKCC1) in the brain is critically involved in maintaining chloride homeostasis and in neuronal responses mediated by GABA(A) receptors.	Chlorides	93-101	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-33
22723696-4	2012	Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter-1 (NKCC1) in the brain is critically involved in maintaining chloride homeostasis and in neuronal responses mediated by GABA(A) receptors.	Chlorides	93-101	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	35-40
22723696-10	2012	These findings suggest that increased NKCC1 activity and glycosylation disrupt chloride homeostasis and impair synaptic inhibition in the PVN to augment the sympathetic drive in hypertension.	Chlorides	79-87	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	38-43
26069764-2	2012	Patients with congenital NDI bearing mutations in the vasopressin 2 receptor gene, AVPR2, or in the aquaporin-2 gene, AQP2, have a pure NDI phenotype with loss of water but normal conservation of sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium.	Chlorides	215-223	aquaporin 2	Homo sapiens	100-111
26069764-2	2012	Patients with congenital NDI bearing mutations in the vasopressin 2 receptor gene, AVPR2, or in the aquaporin-2 gene, AQP2, have a pure NDI phenotype with loss of water but normal conservation of sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium.	Chlorides	215-223	aquaporin 2	Homo sapiens	118-122
22460725-5	2012	This metabotropic Ca(2+) signal could be observed also in cells expressing a channel-dead (i.e. non-conducting) or a chloride-conducting TRPM8 pore mutant.	Chlorides	117-125	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8	Homo sapiens	137-142
22228178-2	2012	AE2 contributes to transepithelial transport of chloride and bicarbonate in normal colon and other epithelial tissues.	Chlorides	48-56	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
22571736-9	2012	These results strongly suggest that rhodopsin and S, M1, and M2 cone visual pigments share a molecular mechanism for activation, whereas the L-group pigment may have a special reaction mechanism involving the chloride-binding site.	Chlorides	209-217	rhodopsin	Gallus gallus	36-45
22285739-7	2012	3) Under the acidic condition, the constriction is relieved by the protonation of Asp2 causing interruption of interhelical interactions, Cx26 has a flexibly opening pore (pore radius>4.5A) around NTH region, allowing the passage of chloride ions unimpeded by the side-chain Asp2.	Chlorides	236-244	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	82-86
22467879-4	2012	Arsenic induced a time- and dose-dependent increase in multiubiquitinylated CFTR, which led to its lysosomal degradation, and a decrease in CFTR-mediated chloride secretion.	Chlorides	154-162	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	140-144
22467879-7	2012	Because epidemiological studies have shown that arsenic increases the incidence of respiratory infections, this study suggests that one potential mechanism of this effect involves arsenic-induced ubiquitinylation and degradation of CFTR, which decreases chloride secretion and airway surface liquid volume, effects that would be proposed to reduce mucociliary clearance of respiratory pathogens.	Chlorides	254-262	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	232-236
22442149-1	2012	An imbalance of chloride and sodium ion transport in several epithelia is a feature of cystic fibrosis (CF), an inherited disease that is a consequence of mutations in the cftr gene.	Chlorides	16-24	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	172-176
22226887-2	2012	A dysfunctional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator impairs the efflux of cell anions such as chloride and bicarbonate, and also that of other solutes such as reduced glutathione.	Chlorides	110-118	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	16-67
22398701-1	2012	INTRODUCTION: The NaKCl cotransporter NKCC1 facilitates intraneuronal chloride accumulation in the developing brain.	Chlorides	70-78	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	38-43
22455795-1	2012	Anion metathesis of imidazol(in)ium chlorides with KHCO(3) afforded an easy one step access to air stable imidazol(in)ium hydrogen carbonates, denoted as [NHC(H)][HCO(3)].	Chlorides	36-45	high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 4	Homo sapiens	155-158
22436048-9	2012	This may cause hyperactivation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), leading to increased chloride and water secretion from the enterocytes, and may thus explain the chronic diarrhea in the affected family members.	Chlorides	107-115	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	38-77
22436048-9	2012	This may cause hyperactivation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), leading to increased chloride and water secretion from the enterocytes, and may thus explain the chronic diarrhea in the affected family members.	Chlorides	107-115	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	79-83
22436048-10	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Increased GC-C signaling disturbs normal bowel function and appears to have a proinflammatory effect, either through increased chloride secretion or additional effects of elevated cellular cGMP.	Chlorides	140-148	natriuretic peptide receptor 3	Homo sapiens	23-27
21909135-9	2012	Overexpression of hCLCA2 has been reported to inhibit cell proliferation and is accompanied by increases in chloride current at the plasma membrane and reduced intracellular pH (pHi).	Chlorides	108-116	chloride channel accessory 2	Homo sapiens	18-24
22484316-4	2012	We show that substrate binding to CLC-ec1 is synergistic rather than antagonistic: chloride binding induces protonation of a crucial glutamate.	Chlorides	83-91	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	34-37
22126643-1	2012	Mutations in the anion exchanger 1 (AE1) gene encoding the erythroid and kidney anion (chloride-bicarbonate) exchanger 1 may result in familial distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) in association with membrane defect hemolytic anemia.	Chlorides	87-95	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	17-34
22126643-1	2012	Mutations in the anion exchanger 1 (AE1) gene encoding the erythroid and kidney anion (chloride-bicarbonate) exchanger 1 may result in familial distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) in association with membrane defect hemolytic anemia.	Chlorides	87-95	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	36-39
22126643-1	2012	Mutations in the anion exchanger 1 (AE1) gene encoding the erythroid and kidney anion (chloride-bicarbonate) exchanger 1 may result in familial distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) in association with membrane defect hemolytic anemia.	Chlorides	87-95	rta	Drosophila melanogaster	175-179
22235131-1	2012	GAT-1 mediates transport of GABA together with sodium and chloride in an electrogenic process enabling efficient GABAergic transmission.	Chlorides	58-66	solute carrier family 6 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
22324974-2	2012	This reagent reacts with monodentate ligands L to replace the two axial chlorides, affording reasonable yields of a ruthenium(II) complex with dpp bound tetradentate in the equatorial plane.	Chlorides	72-81	dentin sialophosphoprotein	Homo sapiens	143-146
22285739-7	2012	3) Under the acidic condition, the constriction is relieved by the protonation of Asp2 causing interruption of interhelical interactions, Cx26 has a flexibly opening pore (pore radius>4.5A) around NTH region, allowing the passage of chloride ions unimpeded by the side-chain Asp2.	Chlorides	236-244	gap junction protein beta 2	Homo sapiens	138-142
22207244-7	2012	In contrast to ENaC, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) that channels chloride ions from the cytoplasm to the lumen is located mainly on the apical side, but not on cilia.	Chlorides	94-102	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	21-72
22390178-8	2012	Our results indicate that both the Na(+) -K(+) -2Cl(-) cotransporter and anion exchangers contribute to the elevated intracellular chloride responsible for the depolarizing action of GABA in the postnatal forebrain neuronal progenitors.	Chlorides	131-139	solute carrier family 12 member 1	Homo sapiens	35-68
22207244-7	2012	In contrast to ENaC, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) that channels chloride ions from the cytoplasm to the lumen is located mainly on the apical side, but not on cilia.	Chlorides	94-102	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	74-78
22302988-5	2012	NHERF1 overexpression in CFBE41o-cells restores chloride secretion, subcortical cAMP compartmentalization and local PKA activity, indicating that regulation of DeltaF508CFTR function requires not only stable expression of the mutant CFTR at the cell surface but also depends on both generation of local cAMP signals of adequate amplitude and activation of PKA in proximity of its target.	Chlorides	48-56	SLC9A3 regulator 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
22075777-15	2012	Our results suggest that GLP-1R is expressed in guinea pig submucosal neurons and that its activation leads to a decrease in neurally evoked chloride secretion by suppressing release of ACh at neuroepithelial junctions in the enteric neural networks that control secretomotor functions.	Chlorides	141-149	glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor	Cavia porcellus	25-31
22650116-3	2012	Absence, deficit or structural and functional abnormalities of CFTR protein lead to mucosal hyperconcentration in the respiratory, digestive and reproductive systems and malabsorption of chloride and sodium in the sweat glands.	Chlorides	187-195	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	63-67
22119163-4	2012	Bupropion hydrochloride form 2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with Z=8, a=27.2853(5)A, b=8.7184(3)A, c=12.0422(3)A, V=2864.7(1)A3, as centrosymmetric dimers, thanks to the presence of N-H...Cl interactions, and mu2-bridging chloride ions, each connected to two protonated amine moieties.	Chlorides	15-23	PBCA	Homo sapiens	76-80
22363264-2	2012	By regulating intraneuronal chloride homeostasis, KCC2 strongly influences the efficacy and polarity of the chloride-permeable gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A and glycine receptor (GlyR) mediated synaptic transmission.	Chlorides	28-36	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	50-54
22363264-2	2012	By regulating intraneuronal chloride homeostasis, KCC2 strongly influences the efficacy and polarity of the chloride-permeable gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A and glycine receptor (GlyR) mediated synaptic transmission.	Chlorides	108-116	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	50-54
22108225-5	2012	Functional inhibition of chloride channel activities by the chloride channel blockers, 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (NPPB) and tamoxifen, and knock-down of ClC-3 expression by specific ClC-3 siRNA attenuated the background currents, suppressed the activation of volume-activated chloride currents, decreased the hyponinicity-induced RVD and inhibited cell growth in the cancerous and normal cells.	Chlorides	25-33	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	200-205
22124467-6	2012	The chloride complex [PNN]NiCl was found to be an active catalyst precursor for Kumada coupling reactions of PhX (X = I, Br, Cl) with aryl or alkyl Grignard reagents, including those containing beta-hydrogen atoms.	Chlorides	4-12	pinin, desmosome associated protein	Homo sapiens	22-25
22354788-7	2012	Through detailed comparisons between the basis set effects and the solvent effects on the results, the gas-phase GIAO/WC04/6-311+G(2d,p)//B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) was found to be specifically suitable for the prediction of (13)C NMR chemical shifts of chlorides in both chlorinated and non-chlorinated carbons.	Chlorides	245-254	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22	Homo sapiens	140-143
21863227-4	2012	The aim of this study was to determine whether the increased abundance of sodium:potassium:chloride (Na(+):K(+):2Cl(-)) co-transporter (NKCC2) leads to enhanced sodium uptake by the TAL.	Chlorides	91-99	solute carrier family 12 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-141
22277159-6	2012	Most notably, gene ontology analysis of the Ashkenazi Jewish genetic signature revealed an enrichment of genes functioning in transepithelial chloride transport, such as CFTR, and in equilibrioception, potentially shedding light on cystic fibrosis, Usher syndrome and other diseases over-represented in the Ashkenazi Jewish population.	Chlorides	142-150	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	170-174
22051630-0	2012	Hydrolytic behaviour and chloride ion binding capability of [Ru(eta6-p-cym)(H2O)3]2+: a solution equilibrium study.	Chlorides	25-33	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	64-67
21976594-0	2012	Electrical slow waves in the mouse oviduct are dependent upon a calcium activated chloride conductance encoded by Tmem16a.	Chlorides	82-90	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	114-121
22121194-1	2012	The Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC1) is expressed in most vertebrate cells and is crucial in the regulation of cell volume and intracellular chloride concentration.	Chlorides	138-146	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	27-32
22051630-2	2012	At pH < 4.0 where hydrolysis of [Ru(eta(6)-p-cym)(H(2)O)(3)](2+) is negligible with increasing chloride ion concentration two chlorido complexes, [Ru(eta(6)-p-cym)(H(2)O)(2)Cl](+) and [{Ru(eta(6)-p-cym)}(2)(mu(2)-Cl)(3)](+), are detectable.	Chlorides	98-106	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	39-42
22051630-3	2012	At pH > 5.0, in chloride ion free samples the exclusive formation of [{Ru(eta(6)-p-cym)}(2)(mu(2)-OH)(3)](+) is found.	Chlorides	19-27	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	77-80
22051630-4	2012	However, if chloride ion is present (in the range 0-3.50 M) novel mixed chlorido-hydroxido species, [{Ru(eta(6)-p-cym)}(2)(mu(2)-OH)(2)(mu(2)-Cl)](+) and [{Ru(eta(6)-p-cym)}(2)(mu(2)-OH)(mu(2)-Cl)(2)](+) can also be identified at pH > 4.0.	Chlorides	12-20	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	105-108
22051630-4	2012	However, if chloride ion is present (in the range 0-3.50 M) novel mixed chlorido-hydroxido species, [{Ru(eta(6)-p-cym)}(2)(mu(2)-OH)(2)(mu(2)-Cl)](+) and [{Ru(eta(6)-p-cym)}(2)(mu(2)-OH)(mu(2)-Cl)(2)](+) can also be identified at pH > 4.0.	Chlorides	12-20	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	159-162
22051630-6	2012	Our results demonstrate that different chloride ion concentrations can influence the speciation in the acidic pH range but at biologically relevant conditions (pH = 7.4, c(Cl(-)) = 0.16 M) and at c(M) = 1 muM [{Ru(eta(6)-p-cym)}(2)(mu(2)-OH)(3)](+) is predominant in the absence of any coordinating ligands.	Chlorides	39-47	latexin	Homo sapiens	205-208
22051630-6	2012	Our results demonstrate that different chloride ion concentrations can influence the speciation in the acidic pH range but at biologically relevant conditions (pH = 7.4, c(Cl(-)) = 0.16 M) and at c(M) = 1 muM [{Ru(eta(6)-p-cym)}(2)(mu(2)-OH)(3)](+) is predominant in the absence of any coordinating ligands.	Chlorides	39-47	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	214-217
22056837-1	2012	Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease caused by a mutation in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene that encodes a chloride (Cl(-)) channel.	Chlorides	147-155	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	68-119
22056837-1	2012	Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease caused by a mutation in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene that encodes a chloride (Cl(-)) channel.	Chlorides	147-155	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	121-125
21940671-0	2012	Extracellular chloride regulation of Kv2.1, contributor to the major outward Kv current in mammalian outer hair cells.	Chlorides	14-22	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	37-42
22415098-2	2012	The Ste20-type kinases, SPAK/OSR1, become phosphorylated in response to reduction in intracellular chloride concentration and regulate the activity of NKCC1.	Chlorides	99-107	oxidative stress responsive kinase 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	24-28
22056801-1	2012	We identified and characterized a partial cDNA of StAR-related lipid transfer domain containing protein gene from Chironomus riparius (CrSTART1) having homology with human MLN64 and Drosophila melanogaster START1 (DmSTART1) and evaluated the effects of cadmium chloride (Cd) and nonylphenol (NP) on its expression.	Chlorides	271-273	Start1	Drosophila melanogaster	137-143
22759959-2	2012	The Slc12a2 co-transporter is involved in the maintenance of a high intracellular chloride concentration [Cl(-)](i) in beta-cells and its inhibition with BTD blocks glucose-induced insulin secretion.	Chlorides	82-90	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	4-11
22759962-0	2012	Genistein stimulates jejunal chloride secretion via sex-dependent, estrogen receptor or adenylate cyclase mechanisms.	Chlorides	29-37	estrogen receptor 1 (alpha)	Mus musculus	67-84
22415098-2	2012	The Ste20-type kinases, SPAK/OSR1, become phosphorylated in response to reduction in intracellular chloride concentration and regulate the activity of NKCC1.	Chlorides	99-107	odd-skipped related transcription factor 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	29-33
22415098-2	2012	The Ste20-type kinases, SPAK/OSR1, become phosphorylated in response to reduction in intracellular chloride concentration and regulate the activity of NKCC1.	Chlorides	99-107	Na-K-2Cl cotransporter 1	Xenopus laevis	151-156
21964154-0	2012	CFTR mediated chloride secretion in the avian renal proximal tubule.	Chlorides	14-22	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Gallus gallus	0-4
22505945-9	2012	Higher plasma chloride and lower SID were significantly associated with lower plasma tCO(2).	Chlorides	14-22	TCO	Homo sapiens	85-88
22505945-10	2012	Chloride intake was the main independent factor associated with high plasma chloride, low SID, and low plasma tCO(2), with lesser contribution of sodium intake and low gestational age (GA).	Chlorides	0-8	TCO	Homo sapiens	110-113
21455600-2	2012	CFTR"s main role is to transport chloride ions across epithelial cell membranes.	Chlorides	33-41	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
23056253-2	2012	The sodium-driven chloride bicarbonate exchanger NCBE (Slc4a10), a member of the SLC4 family of bicarbonate transporters, uses the transmembrane gradient of sodium to drive cellular net uptake of bicarbonate and to extrude chloride, thereby modulating both intracellular pH (pH(i)) and chloride concentration ([Cl(-)](i)) in neurons.	Chlorides	18-26	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter-like, member 10	Mus musculus	49-53
22530440-4	2012	This is suggestive of the fact that NO3 accumulation may be due to antagonistic effect of chloride ions.	Chlorides	90-98	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	36-39
23071446-0	2012	Loss of Slc4a1b chloride/bicarbonate exchanger function protects mechanosensory hair cells from aminoglycoside damage in the zebrafish mutant persephone.	Chlorides	16-24	solute carrier family 4 member 1b (Diego blood group)	Danio rerio	8-15
23071446-7	2012	The mutation in persephone maps to the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger slc4a1b and introduces a single Ser-to-Phe substitution in zSlc4a1b.	Chlorides	39-47	solute carrier family 4 member 1b (Diego blood group)	Danio rerio	70-77
23284854-4	2012	In whole-cell patch-clamp experiments, both the CFTR chloride current and the slope of current activation after forskolin addition were significantly higher in HEK cells overexpressing the G460W adducin.	Chlorides	53-61	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
23071770-3	2012	In particular, the interplay intracellular chloride accumulation via the GABA(A) receptor and extracellular potassium accumulation via the K/Cl co-transporter KCC2 in promoting GABA(A)-mediated excitation is complex.	Chlorides	43-51	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	159-163
23082198-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is caused by ~1,900 mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene encoding for a cAMP-regulated chloride (Cl(-)) channel expressed in several epithelia.	Chlorides	151-159	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	70-108
23082198-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is caused by ~1,900 mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene encoding for a cAMP-regulated chloride (Cl(-)) channel expressed in several epithelia.	Chlorides	151-159	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	110-114
23029546-7	2012	Further, hAECs induced to express CFTR possessed functional iodide/chloride (I(-/)Cl(-)) ion channels that were inhibited by the CFTR-inhibitor CFTR-172, indicating the presence of functional CFTR ion channels.	Chlorides	67-75	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	34-38
23029546-7	2012	Further, hAECs induced to express CFTR possessed functional iodide/chloride (I(-/)Cl(-)) ion channels that were inhibited by the CFTR-inhibitor CFTR-172, indicating the presence of functional CFTR ion channels.	Chlorides	67-75	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	129-133
23029546-7	2012	Further, hAECs induced to express CFTR possessed functional iodide/chloride (I(-/)Cl(-)) ion channels that were inhibited by the CFTR-inhibitor CFTR-172, indicating the presence of functional CFTR ion channels.	Chlorides	67-75	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	129-133
23029546-7	2012	Further, hAECs induced to express CFTR possessed functional iodide/chloride (I(-/)Cl(-)) ion channels that were inhibited by the CFTR-inhibitor CFTR-172, indicating the presence of functional CFTR ion channels.	Chlorides	67-75	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	129-133
22514656-1	2012	Mutations in the gene-encoding cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) cause defective transepithelial transport of chloride (Cl(-)) ions and fluid, thereby becoming responsible for the onset of cystic fibrosis (CF).	Chlorides	135-143	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	31-82
22514656-1	2012	Mutations in the gene-encoding cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) cause defective transepithelial transport of chloride (Cl(-)) ions and fluid, thereby becoming responsible for the onset of cystic fibrosis (CF).	Chlorides	135-143	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	84-88
22442662-6	2012	The ion currents activated by adenosine were chloride conductance mediated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-activated chloride channel.	Chlorides	45-53	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	78-129
22442662-6	2012	The ion currents activated by adenosine were chloride conductance mediated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-activated chloride channel.	Chlorides	45-53	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	131-135
22442662-10	2012	These results imply that ethanol exposure dysregulates CFTR-mediated chloride transport in airways by suppression of adenosine-A(2B)AR-cAMP signaling pathway, which might contribute to alcohol-associated lung infections.	Chlorides	69-77	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	55-59
21990355-0	2011	alpha-Synuclein stimulates a dopamine transporter-dependent chloride current and modulates the activity of the transporter.	Chlorides	60-68	synuclein, alpha	Mus musculus	0-15
21990355-0	2011	alpha-Synuclein stimulates a dopamine transporter-dependent chloride current and modulates the activity of the transporter.	Chlorides	60-68	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	Mus musculus	29-49
22074182-1	2011	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cell-surface anion channel that permeates chloride and bicarbonate ions.	Chlorides	106-114	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-51
22074182-1	2011	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cell-surface anion channel that permeates chloride and bicarbonate ions.	Chlorides	106-114	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	53-57
22002086-3	2011	The model consists of all known reactions and rate constants for reactions of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and chloride ions with MPO, except for the reaction of superoxide with compound I, which could only be estimated.	Chlorides	113-121	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	132-135
22002086-4	2011	Compound I is a transitory redox intermediate of MPO that is responsible for oxidizing chloride ions to hypochlorous acid.	Chlorides	87-95	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	49-52
22171026-4	2011	Counterintuitively, following stress, THDOC activates the HPA axis due to dephosphorylation of KCC2 residue Ser940, resulting in a collapse of the chloride gradient and excitatory GABAergic transmission.	Chlorides	147-155	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	95-99
23056253-2	2012	The sodium-driven chloride bicarbonate exchanger NCBE (Slc4a10), a member of the SLC4 family of bicarbonate transporters, uses the transmembrane gradient of sodium to drive cellular net uptake of bicarbonate and to extrude chloride, thereby modulating both intracellular pH (pH(i)) and chloride concentration ([Cl(-)](i)) in neurons.	Chlorides	18-26	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter-like, member 10	Mus musculus	55-62
23056253-2	2012	The sodium-driven chloride bicarbonate exchanger NCBE (Slc4a10), a member of the SLC4 family of bicarbonate transporters, uses the transmembrane gradient of sodium to drive cellular net uptake of bicarbonate and to extrude chloride, thereby modulating both intracellular pH (pH(i)) and chloride concentration ([Cl(-)](i)) in neurons.	Chlorides	223-231	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter-like, member 10	Mus musculus	49-53
23056253-2	2012	The sodium-driven chloride bicarbonate exchanger NCBE (Slc4a10), a member of the SLC4 family of bicarbonate transporters, uses the transmembrane gradient of sodium to drive cellular net uptake of bicarbonate and to extrude chloride, thereby modulating both intracellular pH (pH(i)) and chloride concentration ([Cl(-)](i)) in neurons.	Chlorides	223-231	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter-like, member 10	Mus musculus	55-62
23056253-4	2012	As GABA(A) receptors conduct both chloride and bicarbonate, we hypothesized that NCBE may be relevant for GABAergic transmission in the retina.	Chlorides	34-42	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter-like, member 10	Mus musculus	81-85
23056253-6	2012	On these compartments, NCBE colocalized with the main neuronal chloride extruder KCC2, which renders GABA hyperpolarizing.	Chlorides	63-71	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter-like, member 10	Mus musculus	23-27
23056253-6	2012	On these compartments, NCBE colocalized with the main neuronal chloride extruder KCC2, which renders GABA hyperpolarizing.	Chlorides	63-71	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	81-85
23056253-10	2012	In summary, our data suggest that NCBE may serve to maintain intracellular chloride and bicarbonate concentration in retinal neurons.	Chlorides	75-83	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter-like, member 10	Mus musculus	34-38
23056253-11	2012	Consequently, lack of NCBE in the retina may result in changes in pH(i) regulation and chloride-dependent inhibition, leading to altered signal transmission and impaired visual function.	Chlorides	87-95	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter-like, member 10	Mus musculus	22-26
22199529-1	2011	The Co(III) atom in the title complex, [CoCl(2)(C(40)H(48)N(4))]ClO(4), is octa-hedrally coordinated within a trans-Cl(2)N(4) donor set provided by the tetra-dentate macrocylic ligand and two chloride ions.	Chlorides	192-200	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III	Homo sapiens	4-11
22131900-1	2011	There has been considerable interest in using bumetanide, a diuretic chloride importer NKCC1 antagonist, to reduce intracellular chloride ([Cl(-)](i)) in epileptic neurons, thereby shifting the polarity of GABA from excitatory to inhibitory and ameliorating the actions of GABA-acting antiepileptic drugs.	Chlorides	69-77	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	87-92
21931164-1	2011	Cystic fibrosis affects about 1 in 2500 live births and involves loss of transmembrane chloride flux due to a lack of a membrane protein channel termed the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Chlorides	87-95	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	156-207
21931164-1	2011	Cystic fibrosis affects about 1 in 2500 live births and involves loss of transmembrane chloride flux due to a lack of a membrane protein channel termed the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Chlorides	87-95	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	209-213
21659661-0	2011	Opposing effects of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and endothelin-1 on lung fibroblast chloride currents.	Chlorides	85-93	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Homo sapiens	20-48
21659661-0	2011	Opposing effects of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and endothelin-1 on lung fibroblast chloride currents.	Chlorides	85-93	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	53-65
21562404-4	2011	AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a metabolic energy regulator found in a wide variety of cells and has been linked to cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mediated chloride secretion in several different tissues.	Chlorides	192-200	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	0-28
21562404-4	2011	AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a metabolic energy regulator found in a wide variety of cells and has been linked to cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mediated chloride secretion in several different tissues.	Chlorides	192-200	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	30-34
21562404-4	2011	AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a metabolic energy regulator found in a wide variety of cells and has been linked to cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mediated chloride secretion in several different tissues.	Chlorides	192-200	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	124-175
21562404-4	2011	AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a metabolic energy regulator found in a wide variety of cells and has been linked to cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mediated chloride secretion in several different tissues.	Chlorides	192-200	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	177-181
21562404-8	2011	RESULTS: This study demonstrates that acute hypoxia inhibits electrogenic chloride secretion via AMPK mediated inhibition of CFTR.	Chlorides	74-82	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	97-101
21562404-8	2011	RESULTS: This study demonstrates that acute hypoxia inhibits electrogenic chloride secretion via AMPK mediated inhibition of CFTR.	Chlorides	74-82	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	125-129
21562404-9	2011	Pre-treatment of tissues with the AMPK inhibitor 6-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-phenyl)]-3-pyridin-4-yl-pyyrazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidine (compound C) in part reversed the effects of acute hypoxia on chloride secretion.	Chlorides	195-203	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	34-38
21204798-6	2011	Currently, four genes are identified to be involved in myotonia: the muscle voltage-gated sodium and chloride channel genes SCN4A and CLCN1, the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene, and the CCHC-type zinc finger, nucleic acid binding protein gene CNBP.	Chlorides	101-109	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 4	Homo sapiens	124-129
21204798-6	2011	Currently, four genes are identified to be involved in myotonia: the muscle voltage-gated sodium and chloride channel genes SCN4A and CLCN1, the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene, and the CCHC-type zinc finger, nucleic acid binding protein gene CNBP.	Chlorides	101-109	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	134-139
21204798-6	2011	Currently, four genes are identified to be involved in myotonia: the muscle voltage-gated sodium and chloride channel genes SCN4A and CLCN1, the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene, and the CCHC-type zinc finger, nucleic acid binding protein gene CNBP.	Chlorides	101-109	DM1 protein kinase	Homo sapiens	145-178
21204798-6	2011	Currently, four genes are identified to be involved in myotonia: the muscle voltage-gated sodium and chloride channel genes SCN4A and CLCN1, the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene, and the CCHC-type zinc finger, nucleic acid binding protein gene CNBP.	Chlorides	101-109	CCHC-type zinc finger nucleic acid binding protein	Homo sapiens	257-261
21731057-2	2011	We have observed direct correlation between the length of the intronic microsatellite STAT3Sat to STAT3 expression levels among F508del-CFTR homozygous patients (P=0.0075), and an association of longer STAT3Sat-alleles with the presence of CFTR-mediated residual chloride secretion (P=0.0031), measured as the manifestation of the CF basic defect in intestinal tissue.	Chlorides	263-271	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	86-91
21731057-2	2011	We have observed direct correlation between the length of the intronic microsatellite STAT3Sat to STAT3 expression levels among F508del-CFTR homozygous patients (P=0.0075), and an association of longer STAT3Sat-alleles with the presence of CFTR-mediated residual chloride secretion (P=0.0031), measured as the manifestation of the CF basic defect in intestinal tissue.	Chlorides	263-271	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	136-140
22243245-2	2011	Solute carrier family 26A member 4 (SLC26A4, or pendrin) is an anion exchanger for chloride, bicarbonate, iodine, and formate.	Chlorides	83-91	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	0-34
22243245-2	2011	Solute carrier family 26A member 4 (SLC26A4, or pendrin) is an anion exchanger for chloride, bicarbonate, iodine, and formate.	Chlorides	83-91	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	36-43
22243245-2	2011	Solute carrier family 26A member 4 (SLC26A4, or pendrin) is an anion exchanger for chloride, bicarbonate, iodine, and formate.	Chlorides	83-91	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	48-55
21251218-2	2011	Previous studies have suggested that CT induces active chloride secretion.	Chlorides	55-63	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	37-39
21251218-7	2011	CT-induced I(SC) was blocked by replacing chloride in the bath solutions with equimolar gluconate and was significantly inhibited by the specific cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) inhibitor, CFTR(127inh).	Chlorides	42-50	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	0-2
21251218-11	2011	In conclusion, the activation of CTR by CT induced chloride secretion across T84 monolayers via CFTR channel and the involvement of PKA- and Ca(2+) -dependent signalling pathways.	Chlorides	51-59	calcitonin receptor	Homo sapiens	33-36
21251218-11	2011	In conclusion, the activation of CTR by CT induced chloride secretion across T84 monolayers via CFTR channel and the involvement of PKA- and Ca(2+) -dependent signalling pathways.	Chlorides	51-59	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	33-35
21251218-11	2011	In conclusion, the activation of CTR by CT induced chloride secretion across T84 monolayers via CFTR channel and the involvement of PKA- and Ca(2+) -dependent signalling pathways.	Chlorides	51-59	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	96-100
21968121-2	2011	Here a dual effect of chloride (i.e. inhibitory and accelerating effect) on azo dye (Acid Orange 7, AO7) degradation in an emerging cobalt/peroxymonosulfate (Co/PMS) advanced oxidation process (AOP) was reported.	Chlorides	22-30	ring finger protein 25	Homo sapiens	100-103
21917931-8	2011	Following hypotonic stress, ICln translocates from the cytosol to the plasma membrane, where it has been proposed to participate in the activation of the swelling-induced chloride current (ICl(swell)).	Chlorides	171-179	chloride nucleotide-sensitive channel 1A pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	28-32
22167881-0	2011	Facile access to the pnictocenium ions [Cp*ECl]+ (E = P, As) and [(Cp*)2P]+: chloride ion affinity of Al(OR(F))3.	Chlorides	77-85	ankyrin repeat, SAM and basic leucine zipper domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	102-112
21775701-0	2011	GABA reverse transport by the neuronal cotransporter GAT1: influence of internal chloride depletion.	Chlorides	81-89	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	53-57
21907281-1	2011	In many cells, increase in intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) activates a Ca(2+)-dependent chloride (Cl(-)) conductance (CaCC).	Chlorides	92-100	chloride channel accessory 1	Homo sapiens	122-126
21907281-5	2011	Since receptor-mediated [Ca(2+)](i) increase is Cl(-) dependent, we suggested that F508del-CFTR may function as an ER chloride counter-ion channel for Ca(2+).	Chlorides	118-126	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	91-95
22006981-9	2011	The currents were absent in chloride-free medium and in cells with disease-causing MLC1 mutations.	Chlorides	28-36	modulator of VRAC current 1	Homo sapiens	83-87
22006981-16	2011	In the present study, we show that absence or mutations of the MLC1 protein negatively impact both volume-regulated anion channel activity and regulatory volume decrease, indicating that megalencephalic leucoencephalopathy is caused by a disturbance of cell volume regulation mediated by chloride transport.	Chlorides	288-296	modulator of VRAC current 1	Homo sapiens	63-67
21864494-3	2011	We describe here a method to measure CFTR activity in a monolayer of cultured cells using a fluorescence spectrophotometer and the chloride-sensitive probe 6-methoxy-N-(3-sulfopropyl)quinolinium (SPQ).	Chlorides	131-139	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	37-41
21911617-2	2011	Unlike other ubiquitously expressed KCC isoforms, expression of KCC2 is widely considered to be restricted to neurons, where it is responsible for maintaining a low intracellular chloride concentration to drive hyperpolarising postsynaptic responses to the inhibitory neurotransmitters GABA and glycine.	Chlorides	179-187	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	64-68
22049427-5	2011	ClC-2 is an inward-rectifying chloride channel that is thought to help extrude chloride because inward rectification should, in principle, allow ClC-2 to act as a one-way chloride exit valve.	Chlorides	30-38	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
22049427-5	2011	ClC-2 is an inward-rectifying chloride channel that is thought to help extrude chloride because inward rectification should, in principle, allow ClC-2 to act as a one-way chloride exit valve.	Chlorides	30-38	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Rattus norvegicus	145-150
22049427-6	2011	But chloride efflux via ClC-2 nevertheless requires an appropriate driving force.	Chlorides	4-12	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Rattus norvegicus	24-29
22049427-7	2011	Using computer modeling, we reproduced voltage-clamp experiments showing chloride efflux via ClC-2, but testing the same model under physiological conditions revealed that ClC-2 normally leaks chloride into the cell.	Chlorides	73-81	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Rattus norvegicus	93-98
22049427-7	2011	Using computer modeling, we reproduced voltage-clamp experiments showing chloride efflux via ClC-2, but testing the same model under physiological conditions revealed that ClC-2 normally leaks chloride into the cell.	Chlorides	193-201	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Rattus norvegicus	172-177
22049427-9	2011	Thus, contrary to previous assertions that ClC-2 helps maintain synaptic inhibition by lowering [Cl(-)](i), our simulations show that ClC-2 mediates chloride influx, thus producing outward current and directly reducing excitability.	Chlorides	149-157	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Rattus norvegicus	134-139
21982372-3	2011	Our data indicate that the light responses of these cells are enhanced by sustained chloride currents via GABA(C) receptor channels.	Chlorides	84-92	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit rho3	Homo sapiens	106-122
22065950-7	2011	These results may be explained either by a small population of orchestrating neurons in which KCC2 operates early as a chloride exporter or by transporter independent actions of KCC2 that are instrumental in synapse formation and networks construction.	Chlorides	119-127	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	94-98
21949212-1	2011	The root phenotype of an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant of CHITINASE-LIKE1 (CTL1), called arm (for anion-related root morphology), was previously shown to be conditional on growth on high nitrate, chloride, or sucrose.	Chlorides	208-216	Chitinase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	70-85
21949212-1	2011	The root phenotype of an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant of CHITINASE-LIKE1 (CTL1), called arm (for anion-related root morphology), was previously shown to be conditional on growth on high nitrate, chloride, or sucrose.	Chlorides	208-216	Chitinase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	87-91
21724859-0	2011	Cystic fibrosis and the relationship between mucin and chloride secretion by cultures of human airway gland mucous cells.	Chlorides	55-63	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	45-50
21922564-7	2011	Evidently, intramolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions between axial chloride and methyl groups stabilize syn conformations.	Chlorides	70-78	synemin	Homo sapiens	107-110
21894921-2	2011	One of three major categories of Mo(V) EPR signals from the molybdenum enzyme sulfite oxidase is the low-pH signal, which forms in the presence of chloride.	Chlorides	147-155	sulfite oxidase	Homo sapiens	78-93
21792908-8	2011	Transfection of CNE-2Z cells with ClC-3 siRNA knocked down expression of ClC-3 proteins, attenuated the background chloride current and prevented activation of the ATP-induced current.	Chlorides	115-123	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	34-39
21922564-9	2011	The observation of dynamic (1)H NMR spectroscopic scrambling between syn and anti conformations from the titration of chloride ion into the solution of the TMBPDM complex suggests that axial ligand exchange is a likely pathway for the conversion between syn and anti forms.	Chlorides	118-126	synemin	Homo sapiens	254-257
21940443-0	2011	An autocrine neuronal interleukin-6 loop mediates chloride accumulation and NKCC1 phosphorylation in axotomized sensory neurons.	Chlorides	50-58	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	22-35
21940443-1	2011	The cation-chloride cotransporter NKCC1 plays a fundamental role in the central and peripheral nervous systems by setting the value of intracellular chloride concentration.	Chlorides	11-19	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	34-39
21940443-2	2011	Following peripheral nerve injury, NKCC1 phosphorylation-induced chloride accumulation contributes to neurite regrowth of sensory neurons.	Chlorides	65-73	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	35-40
21940443-4	2011	Functional analysis of cotransporter activity revealed that inhibition of endogenously produced cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), with anti-mouse IL-6 antibody or in IL-6-/- mice, prevented chloride accumulation in a subset of axotomized neurons.	Chlorides	187-195	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	105-118
21940443-4	2011	Functional analysis of cotransporter activity revealed that inhibition of endogenously produced cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), with anti-mouse IL-6 antibody or in IL-6-/- mice, prevented chloride accumulation in a subset of axotomized neurons.	Chlorides	187-195	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	120-124
21940443-4	2011	Functional analysis of cotransporter activity revealed that inhibition of endogenously produced cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), with anti-mouse IL-6 antibody or in IL-6-/- mice, prevented chloride accumulation in a subset of axotomized neurons.	Chlorides	187-195	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	143-147
21940443-4	2011	Functional analysis of cotransporter activity revealed that inhibition of endogenously produced cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), with anti-mouse IL-6 antibody or in IL-6-/- mice, prevented chloride accumulation in a subset of axotomized neurons.	Chlorides	187-195	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	143-147
21940443-8	2011	Cell-specific expression of interleukin-6 receptor under pathophysiological conditions is therefore a cellular response by which IL-6 contributes to nerve regeneration through neuronal NKCC1 phosphorylation and chloride accumulation.	Chlorides	211-219	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	28-41
21940443-8	2011	Cell-specific expression of interleukin-6 receptor under pathophysiological conditions is therefore a cellular response by which IL-6 contributes to nerve regeneration through neuronal NKCC1 phosphorylation and chloride accumulation.	Chlorides	211-219	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	129-133
21757707-8	2011	The molecular mechanism that facilitates motor function appeared to be the same as prestin because the motor activity depended on the concentration of intracellular chloride and was blocked by salicylate treatment.	Chlorides	165-173	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	83-90
21653634-0	2011	Activation of P2Y1 and P2Y2 receptors induces chloride secretion via calcium-activated chloride channels in kidney inner medullary collecting duct cells.	Chlorides	46-54	purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 1	Mus musculus	14-18
21653634-0	2011	Activation of P2Y1 and P2Y2 receptors induces chloride secretion via calcium-activated chloride channels in kidney inner medullary collecting duct cells.	Chlorides	46-54	purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 2	Mus musculus	23-27
21692490-1	2011	Analytical estimation of state-to-state rate constants is carried out for a recently developed discrete state model of chloride ion motion in a CLC chloride channel (Coalson and Cheng, J. Phys.	Chlorides	119-127	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	144-147
21692490-1	2011	Analytical estimation of state-to-state rate constants is carried out for a recently developed discrete state model of chloride ion motion in a CLC chloride channel (Coalson and Cheng, J. Phys.	Chlorides	148-156	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	144-147
21737451-0	2011	Activation of the bumetanide-sensitive Na+,K+,2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC2) is facilitated by Tamm-Horsfall protein in a chloride-sensitive manner.	Chlorides	118-126	solute carrier family 12, member 1	Mus musculus	66-71
21737451-0	2011	Activation of the bumetanide-sensitive Na+,K+,2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC2) is facilitated by Tamm-Horsfall protein in a chloride-sensitive manner.	Chlorides	118-126	uromodulin	Mus musculus	91-112
21737451-2	2011	The activity of NKCC2 is determined by vasopressin (AVP) or intracellular chloride concentration and includes its amino-terminal phosphorylation.	Chlorides	74-82	solute carrier family 12, member 1	Mus musculus	16-21
21737451-6	2011	Cultured TAL cells with low endogenous THP levels and low base-line phosphorylation of NKCC2 displayed sharp increases in NKCC2 phosphorylation (+38%) along with a significant change of intracellular chloride concentration upon transfection with THP.	Chlorides	200-208	solute carrier family 12, member 1	Mus musculus	87-92
21737451-7	2011	In NKCC2-expressing frog oocytes, co-injection with THP cRNA significantly enhanced the activation of NKCC2 under low chloride hypotonic stress (+112% versus +235%).	Chlorides	118-126	uromodulin	Mus musculus	52-55
21737451-7	2011	In NKCC2-expressing frog oocytes, co-injection with THP cRNA significantly enhanced the activation of NKCC2 under low chloride hypotonic stress (+112% versus +235%).	Chlorides	118-126	solute carrier family 12, member 1	Mus musculus	102-107
21849545-6	2011	Moreover, furosemide and bumetanide, two inhibitors of sodium-coupled and/or potassium-coupled chloride movement strongly modified the phase shift, suggesting an involvement of two neuronal cotransporters, NKCC1 (Na-K-Cl) and KCC2 (K-Cl) in the genesis of the optical signal.	Chlorides	95-103	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	206-211
21689072-7	2011	Three of the miRNAs that target CFTR, hsa-miR-384, hsa-miR-494 and hsa-miR-1246, also inhibit expression of a reporter carrying the Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) co-transporter SLC12A2 [solute carrier family 12 (Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) transporters), member 2] 3" UTR, suggesting that these miRNAs may play a more general role in regulating chloride transport in epithelial cells.	Chlorides	321-329	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	32-36
21689072-7	2011	Three of the miRNAs that target CFTR, hsa-miR-384, hsa-miR-494 and hsa-miR-1246, also inhibit expression of a reporter carrying the Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) co-transporter SLC12A2 [solute carrier family 12 (Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) transporters), member 2] 3" UTR, suggesting that these miRNAs may play a more general role in regulating chloride transport in epithelial cells.	Chlorides	321-329	microRNA 384	Homo sapiens	38-49
21689072-7	2011	Three of the miRNAs that target CFTR, hsa-miR-384, hsa-miR-494 and hsa-miR-1246, also inhibit expression of a reporter carrying the Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) co-transporter SLC12A2 [solute carrier family 12 (Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) transporters), member 2] 3" UTR, suggesting that these miRNAs may play a more general role in regulating chloride transport in epithelial cells.	Chlorides	321-329	microRNA 494	Homo sapiens	51-62
21593186-7	2011	Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the plasma membrane localization of both R8L barttin and the ClC-K channel was impaired in these mice, and transepithelial chloride transport in the thin ascending limb of Henle"s loop (tAL) as well as thiazide-sensitive chloride clearance were significantly reduced.	Chlorides	186-194	talipes	Mus musculus	249-252
21593186-7	2011	Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the plasma membrane localization of both R8L barttin and the ClC-K channel was impaired in these mice, and transepithelial chloride transport in the thin ascending limb of Henle"s loop (tAL) as well as thiazide-sensitive chloride clearance were significantly reduced.	Chlorides	284-292	barttin CLCNK type accessory beta subunit	Mus musculus	108-115
21593186-8	2011	This reduction in transepithelial chloride transport in tAL, which is totally dependent on ClC-K1/barttin, correlated well with the reduction in the amount of R8L barttin localized to plasma membranes.	Chlorides	34-42	talipes	Mus musculus	56-59
21593186-8	2011	This reduction in transepithelial chloride transport in tAL, which is totally dependent on ClC-K1/barttin, correlated well with the reduction in the amount of R8L barttin localized to plasma membranes.	Chlorides	34-42	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive Ka	Mus musculus	91-97
21593186-8	2011	This reduction in transepithelial chloride transport in tAL, which is totally dependent on ClC-K1/barttin, correlated well with the reduction in the amount of R8L barttin localized to plasma membranes.	Chlorides	34-42	barttin CLCNK type accessory beta subunit	Mus musculus	98-105
21593186-8	2011	This reduction in transepithelial chloride transport in tAL, which is totally dependent on ClC-K1/barttin, correlated well with the reduction in the amount of R8L barttin localized to plasma membranes.	Chlorides	34-42	barttin CLCNK type accessory beta subunit	Mus musculus	163-170
21549811-6	2011	As we know, chloride channel-2 (ClC-2) is a member of the supergene family of voltage-gated chloride channels, it constitutes part of the background conductance and is involved in chloride extrusion.	Chlorides	12-20	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Rattus norvegicus	32-37
21752994-9	2011	High intracellular concentrations of chloride are maintained in primary afferent terminals by the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter NKCC1.	Chlorides	37-45	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	138-143
21255645-3	2011	Multiple studies have suggested that fluid secretion across ADPKD cyst-lining cells is driven by the transepithelial secretion of chloride, mediated by the apical CFTR channel and specific basolateral transporters.	Chlorides	130-138	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	163-167
21730204-7	2011	CoPo-22 also activated wild-type and G551D CFTR chloride conductance within minutes in a forskolin-dependent manner.	Chlorides	48-56	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	43-47
21854003-1	2011	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is the most abundant neutrophil enzyme and catalyzes predominantly the two-electron oxidation of ubiquitous chloride to generate the potent bleaching hypochlorous acid, thus contributing to pathogen killing as well as inflammatory diseases.	Chlorides	130-138	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
21854003-1	2011	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is the most abundant neutrophil enzyme and catalyzes predominantly the two-electron oxidation of ubiquitous chloride to generate the potent bleaching hypochlorous acid, thus contributing to pathogen killing as well as inflammatory diseases.	Chlorides	130-138	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	17-20
21812444-3	2011	Chloride abstraction of 2 with AgX afforded [L(OEt)BiX(2)](2) [X(-) = triflate (OTf(-)) (3), tosylate (OTs(-)) (4)].	Chlorides	0-8	POU class 5 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	80-90
21878564-1	2011	The K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 plays an essential role in neuronal chloride homeostasis, and thereby influences the efficacy and polarity of GABA signaling.	Chlorides	64-72	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	23-27
21730057-0	2011	A conserved asparagine residue in transmembrane segment 1 (TM1) of serotonin transporter dictates chloride-coupled neurotransmitter transport.	Chlorides	98-106	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	67-88
22186243-0	2011	Quercetin increases cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-mediated chloride transport and ciliary beat frequency: therapeutic implications for chronic rhinosinusitis.	Chlorides	81-89	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	20-71
21593481-7	2011	SLC26A3 and SLC26A6 immunoreactivities were detected in all experimental groups, indicating that these two chloride-bicarbonate exchangers were present, but were either unable to function or their activity is electroneutral.	Chlorides	107-115	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Sus scrofa	0-7
21593481-7	2011	SLC26A3 and SLC26A6 immunoreactivities were detected in all experimental groups, indicating that these two chloride-bicarbonate exchangers were present, but were either unable to function or their activity is electroneutral.	Chlorides	107-115	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Sus scrofa	12-19
21733846-1	2011	NKCC1 and KCC2, related cation-chloride cotransporters (CCC), regulate cell volume and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neurotranmission by modulating the intracellular concentration of chloride [Cl(-)].	Chlorides	31-39	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
21733846-1	2011	NKCC1 and KCC2, related cation-chloride cotransporters (CCC), regulate cell volume and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neurotranmission by modulating the intracellular concentration of chloride [Cl(-)].	Chlorides	31-39	solute carrier family 12 member 5 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	10-14
21689072-7	2011	Three of the miRNAs that target CFTR, hsa-miR-384, hsa-miR-494 and hsa-miR-1246, also inhibit expression of a reporter carrying the Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) co-transporter SLC12A2 [solute carrier family 12 (Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) transporters), member 2] 3" UTR, suggesting that these miRNAs may play a more general role in regulating chloride transport in epithelial cells.	Chlorides	321-329	microRNA 1246	Homo sapiens	67-79
21689072-7	2011	Three of the miRNAs that target CFTR, hsa-miR-384, hsa-miR-494 and hsa-miR-1246, also inhibit expression of a reporter carrying the Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) co-transporter SLC12A2 [solute carrier family 12 (Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) transporters), member 2] 3" UTR, suggesting that these miRNAs may play a more general role in regulating chloride transport in epithelial cells.	Chlorides	321-329	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	164-171
21886624-9	2011	CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: These findings indicate that CLC-1 chloride deficient myotonia in mice markedly impairs spontaneous exercise activity, with reductions in both total distance and consecutive running times.	Chlorides	60-68	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 1	Mus musculus	54-59
21556692-1	2011	Patch clamp studies of the potassium-transport proteins TRK1,2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have revealed large chloride efflux currents: at clamp voltages negative to -100 mV, and intracellular chloride concentrations >10 mM (J. Membr.	Chlorides	111-119	Trk1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	56-60
21556692-1	2011	Patch clamp studies of the potassium-transport proteins TRK1,2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have revealed large chloride efflux currents: at clamp voltages negative to -100 mV, and intracellular chloride concentrations >10 mM (J. Membr.	Chlorides	194-202	Trk1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	56-60
21708126-2	2011	The potent oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl), generated by the myeloperoxidase-H(2)O(2)-chloride system of activated phagocytes, converts low-density lipoprotein (LDL) into a proinflammatory lipoprotein particle.	Chlorides	87-95	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	62-77
21708126-9	2011	We provide convincing evidence that formation of HOCl-modified (lipo)proteins generated by the myeloperoxidase-H(2)O(2)-chloride system contributes to apoptosis in T-cells.	Chlorides	120-128	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	95-110
21922564-8	2011	Unlike the merely syn conformation observed in the solid-state structures of TMBPDM complexes that contain an axial chloride, in solution these complexes display highly solvent- and temperature-dependent syn/anti ratio changes.	Chlorides	116-124	synemin	Homo sapiens	18-21
21922564-8	2011	Unlike the merely syn conformation observed in the solid-state structures of TMBPDM complexes that contain an axial chloride, in solution these complexes display highly solvent- and temperature-dependent syn/anti ratio changes.	Chlorides	116-124	synemin	Homo sapiens	204-207
21922564-9	2011	The observation of dynamic (1)H NMR spectroscopic scrambling between syn and anti conformations from the titration of chloride ion into the solution of the TMBPDM complex suggests that axial ligand exchange is a likely pathway for the conversion between syn and anti forms.	Chlorides	118-126	synemin	Homo sapiens	69-72
21394828-0	2011	Update on SLC26A3 mutations in congenital chloride diarrhea.	Chlorides	42-50	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	10-17
20874805-3	2011	Mitochondrion-rich chloride secreting cells of marine teleost fish gills and skin, when exposed to hypertonic shock, activate NaCl secretion via phosphorylation of Na(+), K(+), 2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC1) in the basolateral membrane and activation of anion channels in the apical membrane.	Chlorides	19-27	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	199-204
21551164-1	2011	INTRODUCTION: Pendred syndrome, a combination of sensorineural deafness, impaired organification of iodide in the thyroid and goitre, results from biallelic defects in pendrin (encoded by SLC26A4), which transports chloride and iodide in the inner ear and thyroid respectively.	Chlorides	215-223	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	168-175
21551164-1	2011	INTRODUCTION: Pendred syndrome, a combination of sensorineural deafness, impaired organification of iodide in the thyroid and goitre, results from biallelic defects in pendrin (encoded by SLC26A4), which transports chloride and iodide in the inner ear and thyroid respectively.	Chlorides	215-223	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	188-195
21454618-5	2011	In the case of enhanced CFP/enhanced YFP, we showed that changes in proton, and (to a lesser extent) chloride ion concentrations result in incorrect ratiometric FRET signals, which may exceed the dynamic range of the biosensor.	Chlorides	101-109	complement factor properdin	Homo sapiens	24-27
21518033-8	2011	We argue that this will require not only a better understanding of chloride ion homeostasis in individual GnRH neurones, and within subcellular compartments of the GnRH neurone, but also a more integrative view of how multiple neurotransmitters, neuromodulators and intrinsic conductances act together to regulate the activity of these important cells.	Chlorides	67-75	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Mus musculus	106-110
21932505-4	2011	At a cellular level there is an abnormal CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a protein essential for chloride and sodium homoeostasis, caused by a mutation in the CF gene.	Chlorides	112-120	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	41-79
21932505-4	2011	At a cellular level there is an abnormal CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a protein essential for chloride and sodium homoeostasis, caused by a mutation in the CF gene.	Chlorides	112-120	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	81-85
21251003-8	2011	The assay revealed that plasma and recombinant ADAMTS13 are highly sensitive to inhibition by zinc and chloride ions.	Chlorides	103-111	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13	Homo sapiens	47-55
21609718-4	2011	When refolded in chloride-free buffer, however, dynamic light scattering was eliminated, refolding became concentration-independent, and the rate of refolding became the same as that in GroEL/GroES.	Chlorides	17-25	heat shock protein family E (Hsp10) member 1	Homo sapiens	192-197
21421215-8	2011	Coexisting anions such as sulfate, nitrate, chloride, carbonate, and humic acid could decrease the sensitivity of the SERS analysis.	Chlorides	44-52	seryl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	118-122
21568312-4	2011	First, chloride forms spectrally detectable complexes with GOX and MSOX.	Chlorides	7-15	hydroxyacid oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	59-62
21568312-5	2011	The protonated form of His516 is required for tight binding of chloride to oxidized GOX and for rapid reaction of reduced GOX with oxygen.	Chlorides	63-71	hydroxyacid oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	84-87
21568312-5	2011	The protonated form of His516 is required for tight binding of chloride to oxidized GOX and for rapid reaction of reduced GOX with oxygen.	Chlorides	63-71	hydroxyacid oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	122-125
21602836-10	2011	CONCLUSION: Natural anthraquinone compounds in vegetable laxative drugs are CFTR potentiators that stimulated colonic chloride and fluid secretion.	Chlorides	118-126	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	76-80
21652558-5	2011	Long-term outcomes from successful mutation-specific treatments could finally answer the question that has been lingering since and even before the CFTR gene discovery: Will therapies that specifically restore CFTR-mediated chloride secretion slow or arrest the deleterious cascade of events leading to chronic infection, bronchiectasis, and end-stage lung disease?	Chlorides	224-232	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	210-214
21879558-10	2011	When the chloride content was 12 g Cl(-) l(-1), a significant drop in the nitrification efficiency was observed, even operating with a reaction period of 24 h. Also, a negative effect of the wastewater organic matter content on nitrification efficiency was observed, which was probably caused by growth of heterotrophs in detriment of autotrophs and nitrification inhibition by residual chemicals.	Chlorides	9-17	collectin subfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	35-45
21559786-0	2011	Effects of diadenosine tetraphosphate on FGF9-induced chloride flux changes in achondroplastic chondrocytes.	Chlorides	54-62	fibroblast growth factor 9	Homo sapiens	41-45
21559786-7	2011	Stimulation with the fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9), the preferred ligand for FGFR3, induced an enlarged achondroplastic chondrocyte size and an increase in the intracellular chloride concentration, suggesting the blockade of chloride efflux.	Chlorides	178-186	fibroblast growth factor 9	Homo sapiens	21-47
21559786-7	2011	Stimulation with the fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9), the preferred ligand for FGFR3, induced an enlarged achondroplastic chondrocyte size and an increase in the intracellular chloride concentration, suggesting the blockade of chloride efflux.	Chlorides	178-186	fibroblast growth factor 9	Homo sapiens	49-53
21559786-7	2011	Stimulation with the fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9), the preferred ligand for FGFR3, induced an enlarged achondroplastic chondrocyte size and an increase in the intracellular chloride concentration, suggesting the blockade of chloride efflux.	Chlorides	178-186	fibroblast growth factor receptor 3	Homo sapiens	81-86
21559786-7	2011	Stimulation with the fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9), the preferred ligand for FGFR3, induced an enlarged achondroplastic chondrocyte size and an increase in the intracellular chloride concentration, suggesting the blockade of chloride efflux.	Chlorides	229-237	fibroblast growth factor 9	Homo sapiens	21-47
21559786-7	2011	Stimulation with the fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9), the preferred ligand for FGFR3, induced an enlarged achondroplastic chondrocyte size and an increase in the intracellular chloride concentration, suggesting the blockade of chloride efflux.	Chlorides	229-237	fibroblast growth factor 9	Homo sapiens	49-53
21559786-7	2011	Stimulation with the fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9), the preferred ligand for FGFR3, induced an enlarged achondroplastic chondrocyte size and an increase in the intracellular chloride concentration, suggesting the blockade of chloride efflux.	Chlorides	229-237	fibroblast growth factor receptor 3	Homo sapiens	81-86
21521635-11	2011	Characteristics typical of voltage-dependent chloride currents were detected in cells expressing both xANO2 and xTMEM16A but not with EGFP alone.	Chlorides	45-53	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	102-107
21486764-0	2011	Knocking down of the KCC2 in rat hippocampal neurons increases intracellular chloride concentration and compromises neuronal survival.	Chlorides	77-85	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	21-25
21486764-1	2011	KCC2 is a neuron-specific potassium-chloride co-transporter controlling intracellular chloride homeostasis in mature and developing neurons.	Chlorides	36-44	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
21486764-5	2011	Here we show that in primary hippocampal neuronal cultures the suppression of the KCC2 function using two different shRNAs, dominant-negative KCC2 mutant C568A or DIOA inhibitor, increased the intracellular chloride concentration [Cl-]i and enhanced the toxicity induced by lipofectamine-dependent oxidative stress or activation of the NMDA receptors.	Chlorides	207-215	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	82-86
21486764-5	2011	Here we show that in primary hippocampal neuronal cultures the suppression of the KCC2 function using two different shRNAs, dominant-negative KCC2 mutant C568A or DIOA inhibitor, increased the intracellular chloride concentration [Cl-]i and enhanced the toxicity induced by lipofectamine-dependent oxidative stress or activation of the NMDA receptors.	Chlorides	207-215	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	142-146
21486764-8	2011	These data suggest an important role of KCC2-dependent potassium/chloride homeostasis under neurototoxic conditions and reveal a novel role of endogenous KCC2 as a neuroprotective molecule.	Chlorides	65-73	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
21420465-4	2011	Administration of cadmium (30 muM), in the form of chloride (CdCl(2)) for 2h, significantly enhanced the ALT, ALP and LDH leakage, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, reduced hepatocytes viability and altered the antioxidant status of hepatocytes by reducing intracellular GSH level, anti-oxidant enzymes activity and increasing intracellular GSSG and lipid peroxidation.	Chlorides	51-59	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	105-108
21420465-4	2011	Administration of cadmium (30 muM), in the form of chloride (CdCl(2)) for 2h, significantly enhanced the ALT, ALP and LDH leakage, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, reduced hepatocytes viability and altered the antioxidant status of hepatocytes by reducing intracellular GSH level, anti-oxidant enzymes activity and increasing intracellular GSSG and lipid peroxidation.	Chlorides	51-59	alopecia, recessive	Mus musculus	110-113
21548936-0	2011	An association study on contrasting cystic fibrosis endophenotypes recognizes KRT8 but not KRT18 as a modifier of cystic fibrosis disease severity and CFTR mediated residual chloride secretion.	Chlorides	174-182	keratin 8	Homo sapiens	78-82
21548936-0	2011	An association study on contrasting cystic fibrosis endophenotypes recognizes KRT8 but not KRT18 as a modifier of cystic fibrosis disease severity and CFTR mediated residual chloride secretion.	Chlorides	174-182	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	151-155
21548936-6	2011	RESULTS: KRT8, but not KRT18, showed an association with CF disease severity (Pbest=0.00131; Pcorr=0.0185) and CFTR mediated residual chloride secretion (Pbest=0.0004; Pcorr=0.0069).	Chlorides	134-142	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	111-115
21548936-9	2011	The contrasting haplotype 2211 was dominant for the presence of CFTR mediated residual chloride secretion.	Chlorides	87-95	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	64-68
21548936-13	2011	As the mild KRT8 allele is associated with CFTR mediated residual chloride secretion among F508del-CFTR homozygotes, the KRT8/KRT18 heterodimeric intermediary filaments of the cytoskeleton apparently are an essential component for the proper targeting of CFTR to the apical membrane in epithelial cells.	Chlorides	66-74	keratin 8	Homo sapiens	12-16
21548936-13	2011	As the mild KRT8 allele is associated with CFTR mediated residual chloride secretion among F508del-CFTR homozygotes, the KRT8/KRT18 heterodimeric intermediary filaments of the cytoskeleton apparently are an essential component for the proper targeting of CFTR to the apical membrane in epithelial cells.	Chlorides	66-74	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	43-47
21548936-13	2011	As the mild KRT8 allele is associated with CFTR mediated residual chloride secretion among F508del-CFTR homozygotes, the KRT8/KRT18 heterodimeric intermediary filaments of the cytoskeleton apparently are an essential component for the proper targeting of CFTR to the apical membrane in epithelial cells.	Chlorides	66-74	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	99-103
21548936-13	2011	As the mild KRT8 allele is associated with CFTR mediated residual chloride secretion among F508del-CFTR homozygotes, the KRT8/KRT18 heterodimeric intermediary filaments of the cytoskeleton apparently are an essential component for the proper targeting of CFTR to the apical membrane in epithelial cells.	Chlorides	66-74	keratin 18	Homo sapiens	126-131
21548936-13	2011	As the mild KRT8 allele is associated with CFTR mediated residual chloride secretion among F508del-CFTR homozygotes, the KRT8/KRT18 heterodimeric intermediary filaments of the cytoskeleton apparently are an essential component for the proper targeting of CFTR to the apical membrane in epithelial cells.	Chlorides	66-74	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	99-103
21427702-2	2011	We screened for Caenorhabditis elegans mutants defective for inhibitory neurotransmission and identified mutations in ABTS-1, a Na(+)-driven Cl(-)-HCO(3)(-) exchanger that extrudes chloride from cells, like KCC-2, but also alkalinizes them.	Chlorides	181-189	Anion exchange protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	118-124
21656365-3	2011	Moreover, CHE remarkably induced apoptosis by disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential, release of Cyt-c, activation of caspase-3, and cleavage of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase in a dose dependent manner.	Chlorides	10-13	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	130-139
21656365-3	2011	Moreover, CHE remarkably induced apoptosis by disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential, release of Cyt-c, activation of caspase-3, and cleavage of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase in a dose dependent manner.	Chlorides	10-13	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	157-183
21656365-5	2011	These results indicated that CHE may play an important role in suppression of tumor growth by inducing apoptosis in human hepatoma cells via the activation of a mitochondrial pathway and regulating the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins.	Chlorides	29-32	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	216-221
21345585-2	2011	The method was based on the selective retention of inorganic As(V) that was carried out by passing the filtered original sample through a cartridge containing a chloride-form strong anion exchanger.	Chlorides	161-169	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	61-66
21385601-0	2011	A CLCN1 mutation in dominant myotonia congenita impairs the increment of chloride conductance during repetitive depolarization.	Chlorides	73-81	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	2-7
21266577-5	2011	Urate competed with chloride for oxidation by MPO and at hyperuricemic levels is expected to be a substantive substrate for the enzyme.	Chlorides	20-28	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	46-49
21194373-3	2011	One of the predominant oxidants at these places is hypochlorous acid which is formed from hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions by neutrophil myeloperoxidase.	Chlorides	112-120	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	140-155
21366335-1	2011	Chloride-dependent alpha-amylases, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and photosystem II (PSII) are activated by bound chloride.	Chlorides	121-129	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	35-64
21366335-1	2011	Chloride-dependent alpha-amylases, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and photosystem II (PSII) are activated by bound chloride.	Chlorides	121-129	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	66-69
21366335-3	2011	In alpha-amylases and ACE, removal of chloride from the binding site triggers formation of a salt bridge between the positively charged Arg or Lys residue involved in chloride binding and a nearby carboxylate residue.	Chlorides	38-46	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	22-25
21366335-3	2011	In alpha-amylases and ACE, removal of chloride from the binding site triggers formation of a salt bridge between the positively charged Arg or Lys residue involved in chloride binding and a nearby carboxylate residue.	Chlorides	167-175	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	22-25
21366335-4	2011	The mechanism for chloride activation in ACE and chloride-dependent alpha-amylases is 2-fold: (i) correctly positioning catalytic residues or other residues involved in stabilizing the enzyme-substrate complex and (ii) fine-tuning of the pKa of a catalytic residue.	Chlorides	18-26	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	41-44
21366335-5	2011	By using examples of how chloride activates alpha-amylases and ACE, we can gain insight into the potential mechanisms by which chloride functions in PSII.	Chlorides	25-33	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	63-66
21366335-5	2011	By using examples of how chloride activates alpha-amylases and ACE, we can gain insight into the potential mechanisms by which chloride functions in PSII.	Chlorides	127-135	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	63-66
21135815-3	2011	Here, we identify the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR/Cftr), an integral membrane protein that mediates transepithelial chloride transport, as a determinant factor in mice for the susceptibility to several cutaneous symptoms during mite infestation.	Chlorides	146-154	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	22-73
21135815-3	2011	Here, we identify the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR/Cftr), an integral membrane protein that mediates transepithelial chloride transport, as a determinant factor in mice for the susceptibility to several cutaneous symptoms during mite infestation.	Chlorides	146-154	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	75-79
21135815-3	2011	Here, we identify the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR/Cftr), an integral membrane protein that mediates transepithelial chloride transport, as a determinant factor in mice for the susceptibility to several cutaneous symptoms during mite infestation.	Chlorides	146-154	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	80-84
21042953-1	2011	Early in postnatal life gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the primary inhibitory transmitter in adults, excites targeted neurons by an outwardly directed flux of chloride which results from the unbalance between the cation-chloride cotransporters NKCC1 and KCC2, involved in chloride uptake and extrusion, respectively.	Chlorides	160-168	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	245-250
21042953-1	2011	Early in postnatal life gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the primary inhibitory transmitter in adults, excites targeted neurons by an outwardly directed flux of chloride which results from the unbalance between the cation-chloride cotransporters NKCC1 and KCC2, involved in chloride uptake and extrusion, respectively.	Chlorides	160-168	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	255-259
21194373-4	2011	In this study, inactivation of human kininogens after oxidation with the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-chloride system was observed and analyzed by protein chemistry methods.	Chlorides	94-102	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	73-88
21519396-8	2011	In keeping with a GABAergic mechanism, reduction of intracellular chloride by the diuretic NKCC1 chloride co-transporter antagonist bumetanide mimicked the analgesic actions of oxytocin and its effects on GABA responses in nociceptive neurons.	Chlorides	66-74	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	91-96
21511235-6	2011	In the kidney, pendrin functions as a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger.	Chlorides	38-46	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	15-22
21511235-7	2011	Elucidation of the molecular basis of Pendred syndrome and the function of pendrin has provided unexpected novel insights into the pathophysiology of the inner ear, thyroid hormone synthesis, and chloride/bicarbonate exchange in the kidney.	Chlorides	196-204	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	75-82
21455263-1	2011	The bicarbonate/chloride exchanger 1 (AE1, Band 3) is abundantly expressed in the red blood cell membrane, where it is involved in gas exchange and functions as a major site of cytoskeletal attachment to the erythrocyte membrane.	Chlorides	16-24	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	38-41
22179001-6	2011	Other kinases that potentially have these properties are the Ste20-type kinases, SPAK/OSR1, which become phosphorylated in response to reductions in intracellular chloride concentration and regulate the activity of NKCC1.	Chlorides	163-171	oxidative stress responsive kinase 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	81-85
21108629-1	2011	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The P2Y(1) receptor promotes chloride secretion in epithelial cells, a process critical for regulation of extracellular ion and fluid levels.	Chlorides	53-61	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Homo sapiens	28-43
21308994-0	2011	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulates synaptic chloride homeostasis in motoneurons of the rat spinal cord during neonatal development.	Chlorides	71-79	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	0-51
21321328-3	2011	We demonstrate that hypotonic low-chloride conditions that activate the WNK1-SPAK and OSR1 pathway promote phosphorylation of NKCC2 isoforms (A, B and F) at five residues (Ser91, Thr95, Thr100, Thr105 and Ser130).	Chlorides	34-42	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
21321328-3	2011	We demonstrate that hypotonic low-chloride conditions that activate the WNK1-SPAK and OSR1 pathway promote phosphorylation of NKCC2 isoforms (A, B and F) at five residues (Ser91, Thr95, Thr100, Thr105 and Ser130).	Chlorides	34-42	serine/threonine kinase 39	Homo sapiens	77-81
21321328-3	2011	We demonstrate that hypotonic low-chloride conditions that activate the WNK1-SPAK and OSR1 pathway promote phosphorylation of NKCC2 isoforms (A, B and F) at five residues (Ser91, Thr95, Thr100, Thr105 and Ser130).	Chlorides	34-42	odd-skipped related transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	86-90
21321328-3	2011	We demonstrate that hypotonic low-chloride conditions that activate the WNK1-SPAK and OSR1 pathway promote phosphorylation of NKCC2 isoforms (A, B and F) at five residues (Ser91, Thr95, Thr100, Thr105 and Ser130).	Chlorides	34-42	solute carrier family 12 member 1	Homo sapiens	126-131
21455491-2	2011	Cif (PA2934), a bacterial toxin secreted in outer membrane vesicles (OMV) by P. aeruginosa, reduces CFTR-mediated chloride secretion by human airway epithelial cells, a key driving force for mucociliary clearance.	Chlorides	114-122	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	100-104
21455491-3	2011	The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism whereby Cif reduces CFTR-mediated chloride secretion.	Chlorides	89-97	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	75-79
21364885-10	2011	A possible role for chloride ions is suggested: the nAChR selectivity was actually reduced by increased chloride gradient (membrane hyperpolarization), while it was increased, moving towards a channel preferentially permeable for potassium, when the chloride gradient was reduced.	Chlorides	20-28	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
21364885-10	2011	A possible role for chloride ions is suggested: the nAChR selectivity was actually reduced by increased chloride gradient (membrane hyperpolarization), while it was increased, moving towards a channel preferentially permeable for potassium, when the chloride gradient was reduced.	Chlorides	104-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
21364885-10	2011	A possible role for chloride ions is suggested: the nAChR selectivity was actually reduced by increased chloride gradient (membrane hyperpolarization), while it was increased, moving towards a channel preferentially permeable for potassium, when the chloride gradient was reduced.	Chlorides	104-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
21073444-2	2011	Pendrin is highly expressed in kidney collecting ducts, where it acts as a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger and thereby contributes to the regulation of acid-base homoeostasis and blood pressure.	Chlorides	75-83	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	0-7
21347298-3	2011	We show that hypoosmotic medium induce an outwardly rectifying chloride conductance in CA1 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices.	Chlorides	63-71	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
21347298-4	2011	The induced chloride conductance was sensitive to some of the VRAC inhibitors, namely, IAA-94 (300 microM) and NPPB (100 microM), but not to tamoxifen (10 microM).	Chlorides	12-20	natriuretic peptide B	Rattus norvegicus	111-115
21405864-1	2011	We have studied the dynamics of chloride and potassium ions in the interior of the Outer membrane porin F (OmpF) under the influence of an external electric field.	Chlorides	32-40	voltage dependent anion channel 1	Homo sapiens	98-103
21084298-8	2011	TMEM16A RNAi knockdown also inhibited mainly the transient chloride current.	Chlorides	59-67	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
21143427-4	2011	The absorption of salt (sodium and chloride) in the small intestine is predominantly mediated via the chloride/base exchangers DRA (Down Regulated in Adenoma) (SLC26A3) and PAT1 (Putative Anion Transporter 1) (SLC26A6), and the Na(+) /H(+) exchanger NHE3 (Sodium Hydrogen Exchanger3) (SLC9A3).	Chlorides	35-43	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	127-130
21143427-4	2011	The absorption of salt (sodium and chloride) in the small intestine is predominantly mediated via the chloride/base exchangers DRA (Down Regulated in Adenoma) (SLC26A3) and PAT1 (Putative Anion Transporter 1) (SLC26A6), and the Na(+) /H(+) exchanger NHE3 (Sodium Hydrogen Exchanger3) (SLC9A3).	Chlorides	35-43	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	132-157
21143427-4	2011	The absorption of salt (sodium and chloride) in the small intestine is predominantly mediated via the chloride/base exchangers DRA (Down Regulated in Adenoma) (SLC26A3) and PAT1 (Putative Anion Transporter 1) (SLC26A6), and the Na(+) /H(+) exchanger NHE3 (Sodium Hydrogen Exchanger3) (SLC9A3).	Chlorides	35-43	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	160-167
21143427-4	2011	The absorption of salt (sodium and chloride) in the small intestine is predominantly mediated via the chloride/base exchangers DRA (Down Regulated in Adenoma) (SLC26A3) and PAT1 (Putative Anion Transporter 1) (SLC26A6), and the Na(+) /H(+) exchanger NHE3 (Sodium Hydrogen Exchanger3) (SLC9A3).	Chlorides	35-43	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	173-177
21143427-4	2011	The absorption of salt (sodium and chloride) in the small intestine is predominantly mediated via the chloride/base exchangers DRA (Down Regulated in Adenoma) (SLC26A3) and PAT1 (Putative Anion Transporter 1) (SLC26A6), and the Na(+) /H(+) exchanger NHE3 (Sodium Hydrogen Exchanger3) (SLC9A3).	Chlorides	35-43	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	179-207
21143427-4	2011	The absorption of salt (sodium and chloride) in the small intestine is predominantly mediated via the chloride/base exchangers DRA (Down Regulated in Adenoma) (SLC26A3) and PAT1 (Putative Anion Transporter 1) (SLC26A6), and the Na(+) /H(+) exchanger NHE3 (Sodium Hydrogen Exchanger3) (SLC9A3).	Chlorides	35-43	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	210-217
21143427-4	2011	The absorption of salt (sodium and chloride) in the small intestine is predominantly mediated via the chloride/base exchangers DRA (Down Regulated in Adenoma) (SLC26A3) and PAT1 (Putative Anion Transporter 1) (SLC26A6), and the Na(+) /H(+) exchanger NHE3 (Sodium Hydrogen Exchanger3) (SLC9A3).	Chlorides	35-43	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	250-254
21143427-4	2011	The absorption of salt (sodium and chloride) in the small intestine is predominantly mediated via the chloride/base exchangers DRA (Down Regulated in Adenoma) (SLC26A3) and PAT1 (Putative Anion Transporter 1) (SLC26A6), and the Na(+) /H(+) exchanger NHE3 (Sodium Hydrogen Exchanger3) (SLC9A3).	Chlorides	35-43	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	285-291
20936939-6	2011	Renin release from juxtaglomerular cells is directly modulated in an inverse fashion by the blood pressure inside the afferent arterioles and by the chloride content in the tubule fluid at the macula densa segment of the distal tubule.	Chlorides	149-157	renin	Homo sapiens	0-5
22116353-1	2011	Pendrin (SLC26A4), a Cl(-)/anion exchanger encoded by the gene PDS, is highly expressed in the kidney, thyroid and inner ear epithelia and is essential for bicarbonate secretion/chloride reabsorption, iodide accumulation and endolymph ion balance, respectively.	Chlorides	178-186	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
22116353-1	2011	Pendrin (SLC26A4), a Cl(-)/anion exchanger encoded by the gene PDS, is highly expressed in the kidney, thyroid and inner ear epithelia and is essential for bicarbonate secretion/chloride reabsorption, iodide accumulation and endolymph ion balance, respectively.	Chlorides	178-186	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	9-16
22116353-1	2011	Pendrin (SLC26A4), a Cl(-)/anion exchanger encoded by the gene PDS, is highly expressed in the kidney, thyroid and inner ear epithelia and is essential for bicarbonate secretion/chloride reabsorption, iodide accumulation and endolymph ion balance, respectively.	Chlorides	178-186	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	63-66
22116365-3	2011	Angiotensin II stimulates chloride absorption mediated by pendrin in type B intercalated cells and this process is energized by the activity of H(+)-ATPases.	Chlorides	26-34	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	58-65
22116370-1	2011	SLC26A4 encodes pendrin, a transporter exchanging anions such as chloride, bicarbonate, and iodide.	Chlorides	65-73	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	0-7
22116370-1	2011	SLC26A4 encodes pendrin, a transporter exchanging anions such as chloride, bicarbonate, and iodide.	Chlorides	65-73	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	16-23
21303308-1	2011	INTRODUCTION: Several types of mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene lead to abnormal CFTR protein and alterations of chloride and sodium transmembrane transportation in cystic fibrosis (CF).	Chlorides	149-157	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	48-87
21303308-1	2011	INTRODUCTION: Several types of mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene lead to abnormal CFTR protein and alterations of chloride and sodium transmembrane transportation in cystic fibrosis (CF).	Chlorides	149-157	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	89-93
21328463-1	2011	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an apical membrane chloride channel critical to the regulation of fluid, chloride, and bicarbonate transport in epithelia and other cell types.	Chlorides	81-89	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-51
21328463-1	2011	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an apical membrane chloride channel critical to the regulation of fluid, chloride, and bicarbonate transport in epithelia and other cell types.	Chlorides	81-89	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	53-57
21328463-4	2011	Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) plays an important role in CFTR-dependent chloride transport.	Chlorides	82-90	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	0-33
21328463-4	2011	Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) plays an important role in CFTR-dependent chloride transport.	Chlorides	82-90	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	35-38
21328463-4	2011	Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) plays an important role in CFTR-dependent chloride transport.	Chlorides	82-90	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	67-71
21186033-1	2011	The use of a chloride-containing synthetic hydrotalcite sol (LDHC) as adsorbent to remove thiocyanate from aqueous solution was investigated.	Chlorides	13-21	lactate dehydrogenase C	Homo sapiens	61-65
21247150-10	2011	The presence of a large excess of added Cl(-) slows cyclohexene chlorination while the presence of stoichiometric amounts of chloride accelerates both Pd(IV)-Cl ionization and Cl(+)-transfer from LPd(IV)Cl(3)(+).	Chlorides	125-133	acyl-CoA synthetase bubblegum family member 1	Homo sapiens	196-199
21135046-13	2011	In conclusion, the non-neuronal release of ACh from colonocytes coupled with propionate stimulation plays a key role in chloride secretion, via the paracrine action of ACh on muscarinic receptors of colonocytes.	Chlorides	120-128	acyl-CoA thioesterase 12	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
21135046-13	2011	In conclusion, the non-neuronal release of ACh from colonocytes coupled with propionate stimulation plays a key role in chloride secretion, via the paracrine action of ACh on muscarinic receptors of colonocytes.	Chlorides	120-128	acyl-CoA thioesterase 12	Rattus norvegicus	168-171
21098479-0	2011	A glutamine residue conserved in the neurotransmitter:sodium:symporters is essential for the interaction of chloride with the GABA transporter GAT-1.	Chlorides	108-116	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	143-148
21098479-2	2011	The transporter GAT-1 mediates electrogenic cotransport of GABA, sodium, and chloride.	Chlorides	77-85	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	16-21
21098479-4	2011	Here we study the functional impact of mutations of the putative chloride-binding residues on transport by GAT-1, with the emphasis on a conserved glutamine residue.	Chlorides	65-73	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	107-112
21358184-6	2011	SLC26A4 encodes the pendrin polypeptide, an anion exchanger that, in recombinant expression systems, transports chloride, bicarbonate, and iodide.	Chlorides	112-120	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
21358184-6	2011	SLC26A4 encodes the pendrin polypeptide, an anion exchanger that, in recombinant expression systems, transports chloride, bicarbonate, and iodide.	Chlorides	112-120	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	20-27
20819979-3	2011	In the central nervous system, the intracellular chloride level is determined by the activity of 2 cation-chloride transporters, NKCC1 and KCC2.	Chlorides	49-57	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	129-134
20819979-3	2011	In the central nervous system, the intracellular chloride level is determined by the activity of 2 cation-chloride transporters, NKCC1 and KCC2.	Chlorides	49-57	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	139-143
20819979-14	2011	CONCLUSION: In schizophrenia, increased expression levels, and possibly increased kinase activities, of OXSR1 and WNK3 may shift the balance of chloride transport by NKCC1 and KCC2 and alter the nature of gamma-aminobutyric acid neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex.	Chlorides	144-152	oxidative stress responsive kinase 1	Homo sapiens	104-109
20819979-14	2011	CONCLUSION: In schizophrenia, increased expression levels, and possibly increased kinase activities, of OXSR1 and WNK3 may shift the balance of chloride transport by NKCC1 and KCC2 and alter the nature of gamma-aminobutyric acid neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex.	Chlorides	144-152	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	114-118
20819979-14	2011	CONCLUSION: In schizophrenia, increased expression levels, and possibly increased kinase activities, of OXSR1 and WNK3 may shift the balance of chloride transport by NKCC1 and KCC2 and alter the nature of gamma-aminobutyric acid neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex.	Chlorides	144-152	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	166-171
20819979-14	2011	CONCLUSION: In schizophrenia, increased expression levels, and possibly increased kinase activities, of OXSR1 and WNK3 may shift the balance of chloride transport by NKCC1 and KCC2 and alter the nature of gamma-aminobutyric acid neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex.	Chlorides	144-152	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	176-180
22179001-6	2011	Other kinases that potentially have these properties are the Ste20-type kinases, SPAK/OSR1, which become phosphorylated in response to reductions in intracellular chloride concentration and regulate the activity of NKCC1.	Chlorides	163-171	odd-skipped related transcription factor 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	86-90
22179001-6	2011	Other kinases that potentially have these properties are the Ste20-type kinases, SPAK/OSR1, which become phosphorylated in response to reductions in intracellular chloride concentration and regulate the activity of NKCC1.	Chlorides	163-171	Na-K-2Cl cotransporter 1	Xenopus laevis	215-220
22179007-1	2011	BACKGROUND: ICln is a multifunctional protein involved in the generation of chloride currents activated during regulatory volume decrease (RVD) after cell swelling (ICl(swell)).	Chlorides	76-84	chloride nucleotide-sensitive channel 1A pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	12-16
22179007-2	2011	Growth factor receptors play a key role in different cellular processes and epidermal growth factor (EGF) regulates swelling-activated chloride permeability.	Chlorides	135-143	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	76-99
22179007-2	2011	Growth factor receptors play a key role in different cellular processes and epidermal growth factor (EGF) regulates swelling-activated chloride permeability.	Chlorides	135-143	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	101-104
22179007-8	2011	CONCLUSIONS: The present data indicate that EGF might exert its role in the modulation of volume-sensitive chloride currents in part through activation and translocation of ICln and HSPC038 to the plasma membrane.	Chlorides	107-115	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	44-47
22179007-8	2011	CONCLUSIONS: The present data indicate that EGF might exert its role in the modulation of volume-sensitive chloride currents in part through activation and translocation of ICln and HSPC038 to the plasma membrane.	Chlorides	107-115	chloride nucleotide-sensitive channel 1A pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	173-177
20810575-7	2010	This study revealed the following characteristics of these disorders: 1) subjects with CLCNKB mutations showed one or more biochemical features of Gitelman syndrome (including hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria, and fractional chloride excretion insensitivity to thiazide administration); and 2) subjects with KCNJ1 mutations appeared to show normal fractional chloride excretion sensitivity to furosemide and thiazide administration.	Chlorides	222-230	chloride voltage-gated channel Kb	Homo sapiens	87-93
22116359-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Pendrin is a multifunctional anion transporter that exchanges chloride and iodide in the thyroid, as well as chloride and bicarbonate in the inner ear, kidney and airways.	Chlorides	74-82	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	12-19
22116359-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Pendrin is a multifunctional anion transporter that exchanges chloride and iodide in the thyroid, as well as chloride and bicarbonate in the inner ear, kidney and airways.	Chlorides	121-129	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	12-19
22116360-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Pendrin is a transport protein exchanging chloride for other anions, such as iodide in the thyroid gland or bicarbonate in the inner ear.	Chlorides	54-62	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	12-19
22116363-1	2011	The anion exchanger pendrin (Pds, SLC26A4) transports various anions including bicarbonate, chloride and iodide.	Chlorides	92-100	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	20-27
22116363-1	2011	The anion exchanger pendrin (Pds, SLC26A4) transports various anions including bicarbonate, chloride and iodide.	Chlorides	92-100	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	34-41
22116363-3	2011	Genetic ablation of pendrin in mice abolishes luminal chloride-bicarbonate exchanger activity from type B intercalated cells suggesting that pendrin is the apical bicarbonate extruding pathway.	Chlorides	54-62	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	20-27
22116363-5	2011	In adult kidney, pendrin expression and activity is regulated by systemic acid-base status, dietary electrolyte intake (mostly chloride), and hormones such as angiotensin II and aldosterone which can affect subcellular localization, the relative number of pendrin expressing cells, and the overall abundance consistent with a role of pendrin in maintaining normal acid-base homeostasis.	Chlorides	127-135	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	17-24
20562123-0	2011	Inhaled phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors restore chloride transport in cystic fibrosis mice.	Chlorides	52-60	phosphodiesterase 5A, cGMP-specific	Mus musculus	8-32
20562123-1	2011	Sildenafil and vardenafil, two selective inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) are able, when applied by intraperitoneal injection, to activate chloride transport in cystic fibrosis (CF) mice homozygous for the F508del mutation.	Chlorides	152-160	phosphodiesterase 5A, cGMP-specific	Mus musculus	55-79
20562123-1	2011	Sildenafil and vardenafil, two selective inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) are able, when applied by intraperitoneal injection, to activate chloride transport in cystic fibrosis (CF) mice homozygous for the F508del mutation.	Chlorides	152-160	phosphodiesterase 5A, cGMP-specific	Mus musculus	81-85
20562123-9	2011	Our results confirm the role of PDE5 inhibitors in restoring chloride transport function of F508del CF transmembrane conductance regulator protein and highlight the potential of inhaled sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil as a therapy for CF.	Chlorides	61-69	phosphodiesterase 5A, cGMP-specific	Mus musculus	32-36
22432323-5	2011	The effect of a large amount of competing anions such as chloride, bicarbonate, and sulfate on the adsorption systems of As(V) and phosphate anions was investigated.	Chlorides	57-65	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	121-126
20870018-2	2010	This reaction, catalyzed by myeloperoxidase, requires chloride anion (Cl(-)) as a substrate.	Chlorides	54-68	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	28-43
20884887-1	2010	Neuropeptide Y (NPY), an important proabsorptive hormone of the gastrointestinal tract has been shown to inhibit chloride secretion and stimulate NaCl absorption.	Chlorides	113-121	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	0-14
20884887-1	2010	Neuropeptide Y (NPY), an important proabsorptive hormone of the gastrointestinal tract has been shown to inhibit chloride secretion and stimulate NaCl absorption.	Chlorides	113-121	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	16-19
20729267-3	2010	Chloride secretion may provide a counter-ion for the SLC26A4 (pendrin)-mediated I- secretion which is required for the first step of thyroid hormonogenesis, thyroglobulin iodination.	Chlorides	0-8	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Sus scrofa	53-60
22116371-0	2011	Pendrin overexpression affects cell volume recovery, intracellular pH and chloride concentration after hypotonicity-induced cell swelling.	Chlorides	74-82	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
20977904-2	2011	In individuals without cystic fibrosis (CF), variants of CFTR that inhibit bicarbonate conductance but maintain chloride conductance might selectively impair secretion of pancreatic juice, leading to trypsin activation and pancreatitis.	Chlorides	112-120	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
20977904-10	2011	Patch-clamp recordings of cells that expressed CFTR p.R75Q showed normal chloride currents but significantly reduced bicarbonate currents (P = .0001).	Chlorides	73-81	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	47-51
21594791-1	2011	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated chloride secretion is critical to maintaining airway surface hydration and efficient mucociliary clearance in the upper airways.	Chlorides	68-76	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-51
21594791-1	2011	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated chloride secretion is critical to maintaining airway surface hydration and efficient mucociliary clearance in the upper airways.	Chlorides	68-76	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	53-57
21594792-6	2011	CFTR might ensure such chloride conductance, thereby participating to endosomal acidification and protein uptake by PT cells.	Chlorides	23-31	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	0-4
21594801-3	2011	In CFTR, this same ATP-driven cycle opens and closes a transmembrane pore through which chloride ions flow rapidly down their electrochemical gradient.	Chlorides	88-96	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	3-7
21594803-7	2011	Recently developed pharmacological modulators of mutant CFTR have demonstrated an ability to activate chloride transport but little is known about whether they also increase the secretion of bicarbonate.	Chlorides	102-110	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	56-60
20833209-4	2011	Like cathepsin C, DPAP1 is a chloride-activated enzyme that is most efficient in catalyzing amide bond hydrolysis at acidic pH values.	Chlorides	29-37	cathepsin C	Homo sapiens	5-16
21857088-1	2011	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an important enzyme that catalyzes the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and chloride to generate hypochlorous acid, which oxidizes a range of biomolecules and has been associated with inflammatory diseases.	Chlorides	103-111	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
21857088-1	2011	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an important enzyme that catalyzes the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and chloride to generate hypochlorous acid, which oxidizes a range of biomolecules and has been associated with inflammatory diseases.	Chlorides	103-111	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	17-20
22216285-2	2011	Previous research in our laboratory has shown that rapid acclimation of killifish to seawater is mediated by trafficking of CFTR chloride channels from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane in the opercular membrane within the first hour in seawater, which enhances chloride secretion into seawater, thereby contributing to salt homeostasis.	Chlorides	129-137	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Fundulus heteroclitus	124-128
22174750-7	2011	FRET activity assays and Maldi-TOF spectrometry indicated that CgACE is a functional dipeptidyl-carboxypeptidase which is active on Angiotensin I and sensitive to ACE inhibitors and chloride ion concentration.	Chlorides	182-190	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Crassostrea gigas	63-68
22174750-7	2011	FRET activity assays and Maldi-TOF spectrometry indicated that CgACE is a functional dipeptidyl-carboxypeptidase which is active on Angiotensin I and sensitive to ACE inhibitors and chloride ion concentration.	Chlorides	182-190	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	65-68
21765932-7	2011	Herein, we performed a mass spectrometry analysis and identified the signaling molecule that mediates the spiperone effect in activating chloride secretion through CaCC and CFTR.	Chlorides	137-145	chloride channel accessory 1	Homo sapiens	164-168
21765932-7	2011	Herein, we performed a mass spectrometry analysis and identified the signaling molecule that mediates the spiperone effect in activating chloride secretion through CaCC and CFTR.	Chlorides	137-145	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	173-177
21333799-2	2011	The postsynaptic action depends on the intracellular concentration of chloride ions ([Cl(-)](i)), which is regulated by proteins in the plasma membrane: the K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter KCC2 and the Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter NKCC1, which extrude and intrude Cl(-) ions, respectively.	Chlorides	70-78	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	182-186
21333799-2	2011	The postsynaptic action depends on the intracellular concentration of chloride ions ([Cl(-)](i)), which is regulated by proteins in the plasma membrane: the K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter KCC2 and the Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter NKCC1, which extrude and intrude Cl(-) ions, respectively.	Chlorides	70-78	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	226-231
21138269-15	2010	These changes are due to binding of a second inhibitor molecule that results in the displacement of H(4)B and the placement of the inhibitor pyridine group in position to serve as a Zn(2+) ligand together with Asp, His, and a chloride ion.	Chlorides	226-234	H4 clustered histone 4	Homo sapiens	100-105
20870018-4	2010	Our previous research demonstrated that defective CFTR, a cAMP-activated chloride channel, present in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients leads to deficient chloride transport to neutrophil phagosomes and impaired bacterial killing.	Chlorides	73-81	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	50-54
21091780-2	2010	It has been proposed that duramycin may stimulate chloride secretion through Ca2(+) -activated Cl- channels (CaCC).	Chlorides	50-58	chloride channel accessory 1	Homo sapiens	77-107
21091780-2	2010	It has been proposed that duramycin may stimulate chloride secretion through Ca2(+) -activated Cl- channels (CaCC).	Chlorides	50-58	chloride channel accessory 1	Homo sapiens	109-113
20486869-5	2010	With such combinations, while ARB inhibits the vasoconstricting action and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II, hydrochlorothiazide affects the renal tubular mechanisms of electrolyte reabsorption and directly increases excretion of sodium and chloride in the distal tubule, and promotes water excretion.	Chlorides	256-264	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	108-122
21078869-1	2010	Skeletal muscle fibers exhibit a high resting chloride conductance primarily determined by ClC-1 chloride channels that stabilize the resting membrane potential during repetitive stimulation.	Chlorides	46-54	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 1	Mus musculus	91-96
20810575-7	2010	This study revealed the following characteristics of these disorders: 1) subjects with CLCNKB mutations showed one or more biochemical features of Gitelman syndrome (including hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria, and fractional chloride excretion insensitivity to thiazide administration); and 2) subjects with KCNJ1 mutations appeared to show normal fractional chloride excretion sensitivity to furosemide and thiazide administration.	Chlorides	356-364	chloride voltage-gated channel Kb	Homo sapiens	87-93
21387835-6	2010	The results showed that an obvious protein band proven to be ligated intact CFTR can be seen and a higher chloride current and activity of chloride channel were recorded after cotransfection.	Chlorides	106-114	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	76-80
21107136-0	2010	Distinct neuropathologic phenotypes after disrupting the chloride transport proteins ClC-6 or ClC-7/Ostm1.	Chlorides	57-65	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 6	Mus musculus	85-90
21107136-0	2010	Distinct neuropathologic phenotypes after disrupting the chloride transport proteins ClC-6 or ClC-7/Ostm1.	Chlorides	57-65	osteopetrosis associated transmembrane protein 1	Mus musculus	100-105
20816713-3	2010	Particular emphasis was given to the influence of the balance between the ACE-angiotensin II and of the ACE2-angiotensin (1-7)-Mas receptor axis on heart cell volume regulation and on the swelling-dependent chloride current.	Chlorides	207-215	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	104-108
20637736-8	2010	The hSERT V366S, M370L, and M370C mutations also altered the sodium and chloride dependence for substrate transport.	Chlorides	72-80	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
21332001-0	2010	A Turkish case of congenital chloride diarrhea with SLC26A3 gene (c.2025_2026insATC) mutation: diagnostic pitfalls.	Chlorides	29-37	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	52-59
21332001-7	2010	She was diagnosed with congenital chloride diarrhea based on high fecal Cl- level and SLC26A3 gene c.2025_2026insATC mutation at the age of eight months.	Chlorides	34-42	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	86-93
21364822-1	2010	One unresolved issue in Cystic Fibrosis research is how functional loss of CFTR, a protein involved in chloride transport, results in chronic lung inflammation.	Chlorides	103-111	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	75-79
20826815-7	2010	Interestingly, CFTR-associated chloride current was reduced by the knockdown of STX16 expression in T84 cells.	Chlorides	31-39	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	15-19
20826815-7	2010	Interestingly, CFTR-associated chloride current was reduced by the knockdown of STX16 expression in T84 cells.	Chlorides	31-39	syntaxin 16	Homo sapiens	80-85
20826815-8	2010	Surface biotinylation and recycling assays indicate that the reduction in CFTR chloride current is due to decreased CFTR expression on the plasma membrane.	Chlorides	79-87	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	74-78
20826815-8	2010	Surface biotinylation and recycling assays indicate that the reduction in CFTR chloride current is due to decreased CFTR expression on the plasma membrane.	Chlorides	79-87	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	116-120
20924919-6	2010	The WHO guideline of 250 mg L-1 for chloride and sulphate was also exceeded in more than a third of the samples, indicating high salinity in the drinking waters.	Chlorides	36-44	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	28-31
20413542-11	2010	However, inhibition of CFTR chloride transport function had no effect on MUC5AC expression.	Chlorides	28-36	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	23-27
20822503-6	2010	Disruption of the AtCLCc gene by a T-DNA insertion in four independent lines affected physiological responses that are directly related to the movement of chloride across the tonoplast membrane.	Chlorides	155-163	chloride channel C	Arabidopsis thaliana	18-24
20822503-8	2010	clcc mutant plants were hypersensitive to NaCl treatment when grown on soil, and to NaCl and KCl in vitro, confirming the chloride dependence of the phenotype.	Chlorides	122-130	chloride channel C	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
20822503-10	2010	These data demonstrate that AtCLCc is essential for stomatal movement and salt tolerance by regulating chloride homeostasis.	Chlorides	103-111	chloride channel C	Arabidopsis thaliana	28-34
20732874-0	2010	Activated PKC{delta} and PKC{epsilon} inhibit epithelial chloride secretion response to cAMP via inducing internalization of the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter NKCC1.	Chlorides	57-65	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	10-19
20732874-0	2010	Activated PKC{delta} and PKC{epsilon} inhibit epithelial chloride secretion response to cAMP via inducing internalization of the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter NKCC1.	Chlorides	57-65	protein kinase C epsilon	Homo sapiens	25-36
20732874-0	2010	Activated PKC{delta} and PKC{epsilon} inhibit epithelial chloride secretion response to cAMP via inducing internalization of the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter NKCC1.	Chlorides	57-65	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	155-160
20732874-1	2010	The basolateral Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC1) is a key determinant of transepithelial chloride secretion and dysregulation of chloride secretion is a common feature of many diseases including secretory diarrhea.	Chlorides	96-104	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	49-54
20732874-1	2010	The basolateral Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC1) is a key determinant of transepithelial chloride secretion and dysregulation of chloride secretion is a common feature of many diseases including secretory diarrhea.	Chlorides	136-144	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	49-54
20732874-2	2010	We have previously shown that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) markedly reduces transepithelial chloride secretion in human colonic T84 cells, which correlates with both functional inhibition and loss of the NKCC1 surface expression.	Chlorides	100-108	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	62-65
20732874-3	2010	In the present study, we defined the specific roles of PKC isoforms in regulating epithelial NKCC1 and chloride secretion utilizing adenoviral vectors that express shRNAs targeting human PKC isoforms (alpha, delta, epsilon) (shPKCs) or LacZ (shLacZ, non-targeting control).	Chlorides	103-111	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	55-58
20732874-8	2010	In conclusion, the activated novel isoforms PKCdelta or PKCepsilon, but not the conventional isoform PKCalpha, inhibits transepithelial chloride secretion through inducing internalization of the basolateral surface NKCC1.	Chlorides	136-144	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	44-52
20732874-8	2010	In conclusion, the activated novel isoforms PKCdelta or PKCepsilon, but not the conventional isoform PKCalpha, inhibits transepithelial chloride secretion through inducing internalization of the basolateral surface NKCC1.	Chlorides	136-144	protein kinase C epsilon	Homo sapiens	56-66
20732874-8	2010	In conclusion, the activated novel isoforms PKCdelta or PKCepsilon, but not the conventional isoform PKCalpha, inhibits transepithelial chloride secretion through inducing internalization of the basolateral surface NKCC1.	Chlorides	136-144	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	215-220
20732874-9	2010	Our study reveals that the novel PKC isoform-regulated NKCC1 surface expression plays an important role in the regulation of chloride secretion.	Chlorides	125-133	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	33-36
20732874-9	2010	Our study reveals that the novel PKC isoform-regulated NKCC1 surface expression plays an important role in the regulation of chloride secretion.	Chlorides	125-133	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	55-60
20929736-1	2010	CLC proteins transport chloride (Cl(-)) ions across cell membranes to control the electrical potential of muscle cells, transfer electrolytes across epithelia, and control the pH and electrolyte composition of intracellular organelles.	Chlorides	23-31	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	0-3
20933420-1	2010	Transport of chloride through the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel is a key step in regulating fluid secretion in vertebrates [1, 2].	Chlorides	13-21	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Danio rerio	34-85
20933420-1	2010	Transport of chloride through the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel is a key step in regulating fluid secretion in vertebrates [1, 2].	Chlorides	13-21	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Danio rerio	87-91
20964844-3	2010	Recent findings however have revealed that ano6, and ano7 can also produce chloride currents, although with different properties.	Chlorides	75-83	anoctamin 6	Homo sapiens	43-47
20964844-3	2010	Recent findings however have revealed that ano6, and ano7 can also produce chloride currents, although with different properties.	Chlorides	75-83	anoctamin 7	Homo sapiens	53-57
20921420-8	2010	Depletion of claudin-8 resulted in the loss of paracellular chloride conductance, through a mechanism involving its recruitment of claudin-4 during TJ assembly.	Chlorides	60-68	claudin 8	Mus musculus	13-22
20921420-8	2010	Depletion of claudin-8 resulted in the loss of paracellular chloride conductance, through a mechanism involving its recruitment of claudin-4 during TJ assembly.	Chlorides	60-68	claudin 4	Mus musculus	131-140
20921420-9	2010	Together, our data show that claudin-4 interacts with claudin-8 and that their association is required for the anion-selective paracellular pathway in the collecting duct, suggesting a mechanism for coupling chloride reabsorption with sodium reabsorption in the collecting duct.	Chlorides	208-216	claudin 4	Mus musculus	29-38
20833140-1	2010	Kidney anion exchanger 1 (kAE1) mediates chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) exchange at the basolateral membrane of kidney alpha-intercalated cells.	Chlorides	41-49	O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase	Homo sapiens	26-30
20689057-10	2010	Knockdown of PTPN2 directs EGFR signaling toward increased PI3K activation and increased suppression of epithelial chloride secretory responses.	Chlorides	115-123	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens	13-18
20676429-2	2010	Bilayer transport efficiency for transmembrane chloride transport was found to directly depend on the length of the alkyl chain present in the bis-triazole strap.	Chlorides	47-55	serine/threonine kinase receptor associated protein	Homo sapiens	156-161
20689057-10	2010	Knockdown of PTPN2 directs EGFR signaling toward increased PI3K activation and increased suppression of epithelial chloride secretory responses.	Chlorides	115-123	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	27-31
20838240-2	2010	The maintenance of a low-intracellular chloride concentration by the potassium chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) is essential for the efficacy of fast synaptic inhibition of mature motoneurons in response to the activation of ionotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid A and glycine receptors.	Chlorides	39-47	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	105-109
21040688-29	2010	There was a strong indication that bestrophin-3 expression could be essential for the cGMP-dependent calcium-activated chloride current.	Chlorides	119-127	bestrophin 3	Homo sapiens	35-47
21040688-31	2010	I showed that bestrophin-3 expression is associated with the cGMP-dependent calcium-activated chloride current.	Chlorides	94-102	bestrophin 3	Homo sapiens	14-26
20838240-4	2010	Therefore, we investigated the expression patterns of KCC2 and its functional opponent, the chloride influx-mediating sodium-potassium chloride cotransporter 1 (NKCC1), in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1-G93A) mouse model of ALS.	Chlorides	92-100	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	54-58
20838240-4	2010	Therefore, we investigated the expression patterns of KCC2 and its functional opponent, the chloride influx-mediating sodium-potassium chloride cotransporter 1 (NKCC1), in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1-G93A) mouse model of ALS.	Chlorides	92-100	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	161-166
20838240-4	2010	Therefore, we investigated the expression patterns of KCC2 and its functional opponent, the chloride influx-mediating sodium-potassium chloride cotransporter 1 (NKCC1), in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1-G93A) mouse model of ALS.	Chlorides	92-100	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	200-204
20868490-2	2010	The most common mutation, DeltaF508-CFTR, is a temperature-sensitive, trafficking mutant with reduced chloride transport and exaggerated immune response.	Chlorides	102-110	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	36-40
20798344-1	2010	The synthesis of the salt 3 and metallo-organic framework (MOF) [{(4,4(")-bipy)CoBr(2)}(n)] 4 by a range of solid state (mechanochemical and thermochemical) and solution methods is reported; they are isostructural with their respective chloride analogues 1 and 2.	Chlorides	236-244	lysine acetyltransferase 8	Homo sapiens	32-63
20723778-0	2010	Hesperidin stimulates cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-mediated chloride secretion and ciliary beat frequency in sinonasal epithelium.	Chlorides	83-91	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	22-73
20810895-0	2010	Progressive NKCC1-dependent neuronal chloride accumulation during neonatal seizures.	Chlorides	37-45	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	12-17
20545824-3	2010	Melatonin also inhibits myeloperoxidase, the enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of chloride to HOCl.	Chlorides	84-92	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	24-39
20807565-2	2010	Plasmalogens, which contain a vinyl ether bond at the sn-1 position, are preferential targets for hypochlorous acid (HOCl), generated by myeloperoxidase (MPO) from H(2)O(2) and chloride ions.	Chlorides	177-185	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	154-157
20807565-8	2010	The present findings demonstrate that activation of the MPO-H(2)O(2)-chloride system under neuroinflammatory conditions results in oxidative attack of the total cerebral plasmalogen pool.	Chlorides	69-77	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	56-59
21787648-2	2010	Nonmalignant "Chang" liver cell culture was exposed to Cd (cadmium chloride) that produced cytotoxicity in terms of increase in cell growth inhibition rate, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and lipid peroxidation, which was significantly mitigated by pyridoxine in a concentration dependent manner.	Chlorides	55-57	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	157-181
21787648-3	2010	Acute exposure to Cd (6.5mg/kg body weight; ip once only) produced a condition of hepatic oxidative stress by substantially increasing lipid peroxidation and oxidized glutathione level along with corresponding decrease in reduced glutathione and various antioxidant enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.	Chlorides	18-20	catalase	Homo sapiens	303-311
21787648-3	2010	Acute exposure to Cd (6.5mg/kg body weight; ip once only) produced a condition of hepatic oxidative stress by substantially increasing lipid peroxidation and oxidized glutathione level along with corresponding decrease in reduced glutathione and various antioxidant enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.	Chlorides	18-20	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	313-338
21787648-3	2010	Acute exposure to Cd (6.5mg/kg body weight; ip once only) produced a condition of hepatic oxidative stress by substantially increasing lipid peroxidation and oxidized glutathione level along with corresponding decrease in reduced glutathione and various antioxidant enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.	Chlorides	18-20	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	343-376
20739752-5	2010	Neonatal CFTR-knockout ferrets demonstrated many of the characteristics of human CF disease, including defective airway chloride transport and submucosal gland fluid secretion; variably penetrant meconium ileus (MI); pancreatic, liver, and vas deferens disease; and a predisposition to lung infection in the early postnatal period.	Chlorides	120-128	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mustela putorius furo	9-13
20109536-6	2010	Our transcriptional profiling of injured rat cords suggests that elevated AQP4-mediated water influx accompanies increased uptake of chloride and potassium ions which represents a protective astrocytic reaction to hypoxia.	Chlorides	133-141	aquaporin 4	Rattus norvegicus	74-78
21045501-1	2010	Myotonia congenita (MC) is a genetic disease characterized by mutations in the muscle chloride channel gene (CLCN1).	Chlorides	86-94	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	109-114
20704397-1	2010	Complementary palladium-catalyzed methods for direct arylation of oxazole with high regioselectivity (>100:1) at both C-5 and C-2 have been developed for a wide range of aryl and heteroaryl bromides, chlorides, iodides, and triflates.	Chlorides	203-212	complement C2	Homo sapiens	129-132
20538786-10	2010	These findings demonstrate that barttin stimulates chloride flux through ClC-K channels by modifying cooperative gating of the double-barreled channels and highlight a physiologic role for gating of epithelial ClC chloride channels.	Chlorides	51-59	barttin CLCNK type accessory subunit beta	Homo sapiens	32-39
20704397-0	2010	Highly regioselective palladium-catalyzed direct arylation of oxazole at C-2 or C-5 with aryl bromides, chlorides, and triflates.	Chlorides	104-113	complement C2	Homo sapiens	73-76
20704397-0	2010	Highly regioselective palladium-catalyzed direct arylation of oxazole at C-2 or C-5 with aryl bromides, chlorides, and triflates.	Chlorides	104-113	complement C5	Homo sapiens	80-83
20528774-1	2010	MPO (myeloperoxidase) catalyses the oxidation of chloride, bromide and thiocyanate by hydrogen peroxide to HOCl (hypochlorous acid), HOBr (hypobromous acid) and HOSCN (hypothiocyanous acid) respectively.	Chlorides	49-57	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	0-3
20528774-1	2010	MPO (myeloperoxidase) catalyses the oxidation of chloride, bromide and thiocyanate by hydrogen peroxide to HOCl (hypochlorous acid), HOBr (hypobromous acid) and HOSCN (hypothiocyanous acid) respectively.	Chlorides	49-57	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	5-20
20817512-2	2010	The core signalling pathway is through P2X4 purinergic receptors on the microglia which, via the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, cause disinhibition of nociceptive dorsal horn neurons by raising intracellular chloride levels.	Chlorides	223-231	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	108-141
20554763-3	2010	We found that most chloride current elicited by Ca(2+) agonists in primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells is mediated by CFTR by a mechanism involving Ca(2+) activation of adenylyl cyclase I (AC1) and cAMP/PKA signaling.	Chlorides	19-27	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	135-139
20554763-3	2010	We found that most chloride current elicited by Ca(2+) agonists in primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells is mediated by CFTR by a mechanism involving Ca(2+) activation of adenylyl cyclase I (AC1) and cAMP/PKA signaling.	Chlorides	19-27	adenylate cyclase 1	Homo sapiens	206-209
20554763-3	2010	We found that most chloride current elicited by Ca(2+) agonists in primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells is mediated by CFTR by a mechanism involving Ca(2+) activation of adenylyl cyclase I (AC1) and cAMP/PKA signaling.	Chlorides	19-27	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	215-219
20554763-4	2010	Use of selective inhibitors showed that Ca(2+) agonists produced more chloride secretion from CFTR than from CaCC.	Chlorides	70-78	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	94-98
20503220-4	2010	The complexes [Pd(L1)Cl](PF(6)) and [Pt(L1)Cl](PF(6)), containing a nonsymmetrical NCN" pincer ligand, are square planar with a chloride trans to the carbene donor.	Chlorides	128-136	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	47-52
20479003-0	2010	Activation of swelling-activated chloride current by tumor necrosis factor-alpha requires ClC-3-dependent endosomal reactive oxygen production.	Chlorides	33-41	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	53-80
20479003-0	2010	Activation of swelling-activated chloride current by tumor necrosis factor-alpha requires ClC-3-dependent endosomal reactive oxygen production.	Chlorides	33-41	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 3	Mus musculus	90-95
20653959-5	2010	This involves an alteration in the chloride equilibrium potential as a result of down regulation of the potassium-chloride exporter, KCC2.	Chlorides	35-43	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	133-137
20623999-3	2010	TGR5 (Gpbar-1) is a membrane-bound bile acid receptor which is expressed in biliary epithelial cells and promotes chloride secretion in gallbladder epithelial cells.	Chlorides	114-122	G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
20623999-3	2010	TGR5 (Gpbar-1) is a membrane-bound bile acid receptor which is expressed in biliary epithelial cells and promotes chloride secretion in gallbladder epithelial cells.	Chlorides	114-122	G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	6-13
20581470-1	2010	CFTR is a cAMP-activated chloride channel responsible for agonist stimulated chloride and fluid transport across epithelial surfaces.	Chlorides	25-33	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
20398785-2	2010	Based on the X-ray crystal structure of a bacterial CLC, the carboxyl side chain of glutamate residue E232 has been proposed as the fast gate of hClC-1, swinging into each pore to close it and competing with chloride.	Chlorides	208-216	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	145-151
20049483-3	2010	In this review, we focus on recent discoveries regarding molecular mechanisms underlying the regulated chloride:proton antiporter activity of ClC-5, the protein mutated in the Dent"s disease-a kidney disease presenting with proteinuria and renal failure in severe cases.	Chlorides	103-111	chloride voltage-gated channel 5	Homo sapiens	142-147
20421283-0	2010	TMEM16A/anoctamin 1 protein mediates calcium-activated chloride currents in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells.	Chlorides	55-63	anoctamin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
20421283-0	2010	TMEM16A/anoctamin 1 protein mediates calcium-activated chloride currents in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells.	Chlorides	55-63	anoctamin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-19
20298745-7	2010	In the kidney, pendrin functions as a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger.	Chlorides	38-46	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	15-22
20298745-9	2010	Elucidation of the function of pendrin has provided unexpected novel insights into the pathophysiology of thyroid hormone biosynthesis, chloride retention in the kidney, and composition of the endolymph.	Chlorides	136-144	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	31-38
20554763-5	2010	CFTR-dependent chloride secretion was reduced by PKA inhibition and was absent in CF cell cultures.	Chlorides	15-23	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
20554763-8	2010	RNAi knockdown of AC1 selectively reduced UTP-induced cAMP elevation and chloride secretion.	Chlorides	73-81	adenylate cyclase 1	Homo sapiens	18-21
20554763-9	2010	These results, together with correlations between cAMP and chloride current, suggest that compartmentalized AC1-CFTR association is responsible for Ca(2+)/cAMP cross-talk.	Chlorides	59-67	adenylate cyclase 1	Homo sapiens	108-111
20554763-9	2010	These results, together with correlations between cAMP and chloride current, suggest that compartmentalized AC1-CFTR association is responsible for Ca(2+)/cAMP cross-talk.	Chlorides	59-67	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	112-116
20554763-9	2010	These results, together with correlations between cAMP and chloride current, suggest that compartmentalized AC1-CFTR association is responsible for Ca(2+)/cAMP cross-talk.	Chlorides	59-67	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	155-159
20554763-10	2010	We further conclude that CFTR is the principal chloride secretory pathway in non-CF airways for both cAMP and Ca(2+) agonists, providing a novel mechanism to link CFTR dysfunction to CF lung disease.	Chlorides	47-55	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	25-29
20554763-10	2010	We further conclude that CFTR is the principal chloride secretory pathway in non-CF airways for both cAMP and Ca(2+) agonists, providing a novel mechanism to link CFTR dysfunction to CF lung disease.	Chlorides	47-55	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	101-105
20554763-10	2010	We further conclude that CFTR is the principal chloride secretory pathway in non-CF airways for both cAMP and Ca(2+) agonists, providing a novel mechanism to link CFTR dysfunction to CF lung disease.	Chlorides	47-55	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	163-167
20491442-0	2010	Characterization of chloride-depleted human sulfite oxidase by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy: experimental evidence for the role of anions in product release.	Chlorides	20-28	sulfite oxidase	Homo sapiens	44-59
20491442-5	2010	In this work, we have prepared and purified samples of the wild type and various mutants of human SO that are depleted of chloride.	Chlorides	122-130	sulfite oxidase	Homo sapiens	98-100
20406820-12	2010	The new analog P-dATP can be not only an invaluable tool to study CFTR gating, but it can also serve as a proof-of-principle that, by combining elements that potentiate the channel activity independently, the increase in chloride transport necessary to reach a therapeutic target is attainable.	Chlorides	221-229	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	66-70
20573906-2	2010	A variety of brain insults, including status epilepticus (SE), lead to changes in the expression of the cation-chloride cotransporters KCC2 and NKCC1, resulting in intracellular chloride accumulation and reappearance of immature, depolarizing synaptic responses to GABA(A) receptor activation, which may critically contribute to the neuronal hyperexcitability underlying epileptogenesis.	Chlorides	111-119	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	135-139
20573906-2	2010	A variety of brain insults, including status epilepticus (SE), lead to changes in the expression of the cation-chloride cotransporters KCC2 and NKCC1, resulting in intracellular chloride accumulation and reappearance of immature, depolarizing synaptic responses to GABA(A) receptor activation, which may critically contribute to the neuronal hyperexcitability underlying epileptogenesis.	Chlorides	111-119	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	144-149
20226853-2	2010	In multiple sclerosis MPO is present in areas of active demyelination where the potent oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl), formed by MPO from H(2)O(2) and chloride ions, could oxidatively damage myelin-associated lipids.	Chlorides	153-161	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
20226853-2	2010	In multiple sclerosis MPO is present in areas of active demyelination where the potent oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl), formed by MPO from H(2)O(2) and chloride ions, could oxidatively damage myelin-associated lipids.	Chlorides	153-161	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	131-134
20226853-9	2010	Given the emerging connections between the MPO-H(2)O(2)-chloride axis and neurodegeneration, this chlorinating pathway might be implicated in neuropathogenesis.	Chlorides	56-64	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
20346715-1	2010	The bicarbonate/chloride exchanger band 3 (Anion Exchanger 1, AE1) is the most abundant protein in the erythrocyte membrane, it has an important role in gas exchange and functions as a point of attachment for the cytoskeletons maintaining the mechanistic and osmotic properties of the erythrocyte.	Chlorides	16-24	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	43-60
20346715-1	2010	The bicarbonate/chloride exchanger band 3 (Anion Exchanger 1, AE1) is the most abundant protein in the erythrocyte membrane, it has an important role in gas exchange and functions as a point of attachment for the cytoskeletons maintaining the mechanistic and osmotic properties of the erythrocyte.	Chlorides	16-24	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	62-65
20430974-1	2010	During lysosomal acidification, proton-pump currents are thought to be shunted by a chloride ion (Cl-) channel, tentatively identified as ClC-7.	Chlorides	84-92	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 7	Mus musculus	138-143
20430975-7	2010	Thus, endosomal chloride concentration, which is raised by ClC-5 in exchange for protons accumulated by the H+-ATPase, may play a role in endocytosis.	Chlorides	16-24	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 5	Mus musculus	59-64
20525179-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Myeloperoxidase (MPO), an important element of the microbicidal activity of neutrophils, generates hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from H2O2 and chloride, which is released into body fluids.	Chlorides	150-158	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	12-27
20525179-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Myeloperoxidase (MPO), an important element of the microbicidal activity of neutrophils, generates hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from H2O2 and chloride, which is released into body fluids.	Chlorides	150-158	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	29-32
20522940-2	2010	The Co(II) atom lies in a fairly regular tetrahedral geometry defined by two imidazole N-atom donors from one 2,5-bis[3-(1H-1,3-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)phenyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole (L) ligand and two chloride anions.	Chlorides	192-200	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	4-10
20536931-4	2010	Normal GABA neurotransmission is dependent on precise regulation of the level of intracellular chloride, which is determined by the coordinated activities of two cation/chloride cotransporters (CCCs) in the SLC12 family: the inwardly directed Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1) and outwardly directed K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter isoform 2 (KCC2).	Chlorides	95-103	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	243-283
20536931-4	2010	Normal GABA neurotransmission is dependent on precise regulation of the level of intracellular chloride, which is determined by the coordinated activities of two cation/chloride cotransporters (CCCs) in the SLC12 family: the inwardly directed Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1) and outwardly directed K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter isoform 2 (KCC2).	Chlorides	95-103	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	285-290
20536931-4	2010	Normal GABA neurotransmission is dependent on precise regulation of the level of intracellular chloride, which is determined by the coordinated activities of two cation/chloride cotransporters (CCCs) in the SLC12 family: the inwardly directed Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1) and outwardly directed K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter isoform 2 (KCC2).	Chlorides	95-103	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	315-349
20536931-4	2010	Normal GABA neurotransmission is dependent on precise regulation of the level of intracellular chloride, which is determined by the coordinated activities of two cation/chloride cotransporters (CCCs) in the SLC12 family: the inwardly directed Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1) and outwardly directed K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter isoform 2 (KCC2).	Chlorides	95-103	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	351-355
20144672-7	2010	In summary, our results suggest that chloride ion flux plays an important role in TrkA-mediated signaling pathway during NGF-induced differentiation of PC12 cells.	Chlorides	37-45	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-86
20138822-7	2010	Because chloride is important for prestin function and for the efferent-mediated inhibition of cochlear output, the prestin-directed localization of CFTR to the lateral membrane of OHCs has a potential physiological significance.	Chlorides	8-16	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	34-41
20138822-7	2010	Because chloride is important for prestin function and for the efferent-mediated inhibition of cochlear output, the prestin-directed localization of CFTR to the lateral membrane of OHCs has a potential physiological significance.	Chlorides	8-16	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	116-123
20529123-1	2010	During neuronal maturation, the neuron-specific K-Cl co-transporter KCC2 lowers the intracellular chloride and thereby renders GABAergic transmission hyperpolarizing.	Chlorides	98-106	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	68-72
20385770-3	2010	We demonstrate that SORLA is expressed in epithelial cells of the thick ascending limb (TAL) of Henle"s loop and that lack of receptor expression in this cell type in SORLA-deficient mice results in an inability to properly reabsorb sodium and chloride during osmotic stress.	Chlorides	244-252	sortilin-related receptor, LDLR class A repeats-containing	Mus musculus	20-25
20338726-7	2010	Similarly, cell shrinkage by 48 h replacement of extracellular chloride with gluconate and oxidative stress (30 min exposure to 0.3 mM tert-butylhydroperoxide) triggered suicidal erythrocyte death as evident from enhanced annexin V-binding.	Chlorides	63-71	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	222-231
20385134-4	2010	Following microglial activation, CLIC1 translocates from the cytosol to the plasma membrane where it promotes a chloride conductance.	Chlorides	112-120	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	33-38
20364836-3	2010	In refluxing methanol, [RuCl(2)(eta(6)-p-cymene)(P-Ph(2)PAr)] gradually undergoes chloride ion dissociation to afford the P,N-chelate, [RuCl(eta(6)-p-cymene)(P,N-Ph(2)PAr)]Cl.	Chlorides	82-90	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	32-35
20364836-3	2010	In refluxing methanol, [RuCl(2)(eta(6)-p-cymene)(P-Ph(2)PAr)] gradually undergoes chloride ion dissociation to afford the P,N-chelate, [RuCl(eta(6)-p-cymene)(P,N-Ph(2)PAr)]Cl.	Chlorides	82-90	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	141-144
20215869-4	2010	siRNA-mediated knockdown of USP10 increased the multi-ubiquitination and lysosomal degradation of CFTR and decreased the endocytic recycling and the half-life of CFTR in the apical membrane, as well as CFTR-mediated chloride secretion.	Chlorides	216-224	ubiquitin specific peptidase 10	Homo sapiens	28-33
20400957-5	2010	CFTR stretch-mediated activation resulted in chloride transport in Calu-3 human airway epithelial cells and mouse intestinal tissues.	Chlorides	45-53	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
20139089-7	2010	Intracellular infusion of autoactivated CaMKII via patch pipette enhanced chloride currents 3-fold, and this regulation was inhibited by autocamtide-2 related inhibitory peptide, a CaMKII-specific inhibitor.	Chlorides	74-82	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	40-46
20139089-7	2010	Intracellular infusion of autoactivated CaMKII via patch pipette enhanced chloride currents 3-fold, and this regulation was inhibited by autocamtide-2 related inhibitory peptide, a CaMKII-specific inhibitor.	Chlorides	74-82	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	181-187
20139089-8	2010	CaMKII modulation of chloride currents was also lost upon stable small hairpin RNA knockdown of ClC-3 channels indicating a specific interaction of ClC-3 and CaMKII.	Chlorides	21-29	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	0-6
20139089-8	2010	CaMKII modulation of chloride currents was also lost upon stable small hairpin RNA knockdown of ClC-3 channels indicating a specific interaction of ClC-3 and CaMKII.	Chlorides	21-29	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	96-101
20139089-8	2010	CaMKII modulation of chloride currents was also lost upon stable small hairpin RNA knockdown of ClC-3 channels indicating a specific interaction of ClC-3 and CaMKII.	Chlorides	21-29	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	148-153
20139089-8	2010	CaMKII modulation of chloride currents was also lost upon stable small hairpin RNA knockdown of ClC-3 channels indicating a specific interaction of ClC-3 and CaMKII.	Chlorides	21-29	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	158-164
20116431-6	2010	In parallel, HU Sol displayed an increased sarcolemma chloride conductance related to an increased expression of ClC-1 channels, changes in excitability parameters, a positive shift of the mechanical threshold, and a decrease of the resting cytosolic calcium concentration.	Chlorides	54-62	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 1	Mus musculus	113-118
20402460-5	2010	The treatment of mouse primary hepatocytes with lead chloride, methylmercury chloride, or phenethyl isothiocyanate all leads to nuclear accumulation of Nrf2.	Chlorides	53-61	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	152-156
20203064-0	2010	Apical leptin induces chloride secretion by intestinal epithelial cells and in a rat model of acute chemotherapy-induced colitis.	Chlorides	22-30	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	7-13
20203064-8	2010	Pretreatment with an inhibitor of MAPK abolished the effect of leptin on basal, carbachol- and forskolin-induced chloride secretion (P < 0.05).	Chlorides	113-121	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	63-69
20203064-12	2010	We conclude that luminal leptin is likely an intestinal chloride secretagogue, particularly when present at elevated concentrations and/or in the setting of inflammation.	Chlorides	56-64	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	25-31
20152898-9	2010	Because ASB activity is influenced by several ions, including chloride and phosphate, ASB activity may provide a link between salt responsiveness and the bradykinin-associated mechanism of blood pressure regulation.	Chlorides	62-70	arylsulfatase B	Homo sapiens	8-11
20152898-9	2010	Because ASB activity is influenced by several ions, including chloride and phosphate, ASB activity may provide a link between salt responsiveness and the bradykinin-associated mechanism of blood pressure regulation.	Chlorides	62-70	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	154-164
20089668-1	2010	Chloride serves as a critical component of innate host defense against infection, providing the substrate for MPO-catalyzed production of HOCl in the phagosome of human neutrophils.	Chlorides	0-8	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	110-113
20089668-8	2010	As CFTR transports chloride as well as other halides, we conjugated an iodide-sensitive probe as an independent approach to confirm the results.	Chlorides	19-27	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	3-7
20428074-1	2010	A series of new quinazoline derivatives bearing a vinylic chloride group on the 2-position was prepared by using a consecutive S(RN)1 / E(RC)1 radical strategy.	Chlorides	58-66	ELKS/RAB6-interacting/CAST family member 1	Homo sapiens	136-142
20201487-4	2010	The binding of anions to these protons is evident from the crystal structure of a mixed triflate/chloride salt of p-1, calculated (DFT/B3LYP 6-31G**) structures of 1:1 complexes of all receptors with Cl(-), and results of (1)H NMR titrations.	Chlorides	97-110	crystallin gamma F, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	114-117
20147605-2	2010	However, ANG II inhibits chloride transport in the medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL).	Chlorides	25-33	angiogenin	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
20147605-5	2010	Bath norepinephrine stimulated chloride transport (from a basal transport rate of 298.1 +/- 31.7 to 425.2 +/- 45.8 pmol.mm(-1).min(-1); P < 0.05) and completely prevented the inhibition in chloride transport by ANG II.	Chlorides	31-39	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	214-220
20147605-6	2010	The stimulation of chloride transport by norepinephrine was mediated entirely by its beta-adrenergic effect; however, both the beta- and alpha-adrenergic agonists isoproterenol and phenylephrine prevent the ANG II-mediated inhibition in chloride transport.	Chlorides	19-27	angiogenin	Rattus norvegicus	207-210
20147605-7	2010	In the presence of 10(-5) M propranolol, the effect of norepinephrine to prevent the inhibition of chloride transport by ANG II was still present.	Chlorides	99-107	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	121-127
20147605-8	2010	These data are consistent with an interaction of both alpha- and beta-catecholamines and ANG II on net chloride transport in the mTAL.	Chlorides	103-111	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	54-95
20144672-7	2010	In summary, our results suggest that chloride ion flux plays an important role in TrkA-mediated signaling pathway during NGF-induced differentiation of PC12 cells.	Chlorides	37-45	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
20357128-2	2010	The voltage-gated chloride channel ClC-2 mediates a chloride current in pyramidal cells of the hippocampus.	Chlorides	18-26	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	35-40
20357128-3	2010	We directly show that ClC-2 assists chloride extrusion after high chloride load.	Chlorides	36-44	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	22-27
20357128-3	2010	We directly show that ClC-2 assists chloride extrusion after high chloride load.	Chlorides	66-74	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	22-27
20357128-9	2010	Together, we suggest a dual role for ClC-2 in neurons, providing an additional efflux pathway for chloride and constituting a substantial part of the background conductance, which regulates excitability.	Chlorides	98-106	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	37-42
20231443-8	2010	We found that the Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(-) cotransporter NKCC1 is expressed in the ciliary membrane, where it mediates chloride accumulation into the ciliary lumen.	Chlorides	112-120	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	50-55
20231443-11	2010	The calcium-dependent chloride channel TMEM16B (ANO2) provides a ciliary pathway for the excitatory chloride current.	Chlorides	22-30	anoctamin 2	Homo sapiens	39-46
20231443-11	2010	The calcium-dependent chloride channel TMEM16B (ANO2) provides a ciliary pathway for the excitatory chloride current.	Chlorides	22-30	anoctamin 2	Homo sapiens	48-52
20056604-7	2010	Patch clamping of ANO-expressing FRT cells indicated that apart from ANO1 also ANO6 and 10 produced chloride currents, albeit with very different Ca(2+) sensitivity and activation time.	Chlorides	100-108	anoctamin 6	Mus musculus	79-83
20337169-7	2010	CFTR is located in the apical membranes of most of the cell lines and responsible for chloride ion conduction.	Chlorides	86-94	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
20033346-11	2010	Among these genes are the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger SLC26A3 and the water channel aquaporin 4.	Chlorides	26-34	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	57-64
20190766-2	2010	In adults, the activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) (GABAA) and glycine receptors inhibits neurons as a result of low intracellular chloride (Cl-) concentration, which is maintained by the potassium-chloride cotransporter KCC2 (encoded by Slc12a5).	Chlorides	136-144	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	226-230
20142516-1	2010	Rapid chloride permeation through the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl(-) channel is dependent on the presence of fixed positive charges in the permeation pathway.	Chlorides	6-14	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	38-89
20142516-1	2010	Rapid chloride permeation through the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl(-) channel is dependent on the presence of fixed positive charges in the permeation pathway.	Chlorides	6-14	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	91-95
20225391-3	2010	The mechanisms by which PDG affected chloride secretion were also examined.	Chlorides	37-45	phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	24-27
20225391-5	2010	RESULTS: In FRT cells, apical chloride current induced by forskolin, CPT-cAMP and apigenin were reversibly inhibited by PDG (IC50 approximately 10microM) without effects on intracellular cAMP content and cell viability.	Chlorides	30-38	phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	120-123
20225391-6	2010	Similarly, in T84 cells, PDG effectively inhibited chloride secretion induced by forskolin and cholera toxin.	Chlorides	51-59	phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	25-28
20154005-5	2010	Expressed in Xenopus oocytes, AtALMT12 facilitates chloride and nitrate currents, but not those of organic solutes.	Chlorides	51-59	aluminum-activated, malate transporter 12	Arabidopsis thaliana	30-38
20044519-1	2010	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The potassium chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) is the main neuronal chloride extruder in the adult nervous system.	Chlorides	38-46	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	64-68
20044519-2	2010	Therefore, KCC2 is responsible for an inwardly directed electrochemical gradient of chloride that leads to hyperpolarizing GABA-mediated responses.	Chlorides	84-92	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	11-15
20190766-2	2010	In adults, the activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) (GABAA) and glycine receptors inhibits neurons as a result of low intracellular chloride (Cl-) concentration, which is maintained by the potassium-chloride cotransporter KCC2 (encoded by Slc12a5).	Chlorides	136-144	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	243-250
19932740-5	2010	GABA-evoked depolarization in immature neurons in several regions of the brain is a function of intracellular chloride concentration, regulated largely by the cation-chloride cotransporters NKCC1 (sodium/potassium/chloride cotransporter for chloride entry) and KCC1-4 (potassium/chloride cotransporters for chloride egress).	Chlorides	110-118	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	190-195
19932740-5	2010	GABA-evoked depolarization in immature neurons in several regions of the brain is a function of intracellular chloride concentration, regulated largely by the cation-chloride cotransporters NKCC1 (sodium/potassium/chloride cotransporter for chloride entry) and KCC1-4 (potassium/chloride cotransporters for chloride egress).	Chlorides	110-118	solute carrier family 12 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	261-267
19940036-9	2010	KIF3B overexpression and underexpression, using siRNA, had reciprocal effects on whole cell chloride current amplitudes, CLC-5 cell surface expression, and endocytosis of albumin and transferrin.	Chlorides	92-100	kinesin family member 3B	Mus musculus	0-5
19932740-5	2010	GABA-evoked depolarization in immature neurons in several regions of the brain is a function of intracellular chloride concentration, regulated largely by the cation-chloride cotransporters NKCC1 (sodium/potassium/chloride cotransporter for chloride entry) and KCC1-4 (potassium/chloride cotransporters for chloride egress).	Chlorides	166-174	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	190-195
19932740-5	2010	GABA-evoked depolarization in immature neurons in several regions of the brain is a function of intracellular chloride concentration, regulated largely by the cation-chloride cotransporters NKCC1 (sodium/potassium/chloride cotransporter for chloride entry) and KCC1-4 (potassium/chloride cotransporters for chloride egress).	Chlorides	166-174	solute carrier family 12 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	261-267
19423774-4	2010	The barrier formed by cells cultured on fibronectin also had preferential permeability to chloride as compared with sodium.	Chlorides	90-98	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-51
19880295-5	2010	Addition of sodium chloride could impair the neutralizing ability of positively charged lysozyme on negatively charged membrane via chloride counterion binding.	Chlorides	19-27	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	88-96
20086212-1	2010	KCC2, potassium chloride cotransporter 2, is expressed exclusively in the CNS (on inhibitory neurons) and plays a major role in maintaining appropriately low intracellular chloride levels that ensure inhibitory actions of GABA(A) and glycine receptors.	Chlorides	16-24	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	0-4
19932740-10	2010	NKCC1 is expressed in VIP, GRP and VP neurons in the SCN as is WNK3, a chloride-sensitive neuron-specific with no serine-threonine kinase which modulates intracellular chloride concentration via opposing actions on NKCC and KCC cotransporters.	Chlorides	71-79	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	63-67
19932740-10	2010	NKCC1 is expressed in VIP, GRP and VP neurons in the SCN as is WNK3, a chloride-sensitive neuron-specific with no serine-threonine kinase which modulates intracellular chloride concentration via opposing actions on NKCC and KCC cotransporters.	Chlorides	168-176	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
19932740-10	2010	NKCC1 is expressed in VIP, GRP and VP neurons in the SCN as is WNK3, a chloride-sensitive neuron-specific with no serine-threonine kinase which modulates intracellular chloride concentration via opposing actions on NKCC and KCC cotransporters.	Chlorides	168-176	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	63-67
19789444-15	2010	Excretion of an acute fluid load containing sodium and chloride may be dependent on a sustained suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system rather than on natriuretic peptides.	Chlorides	55-63	renin	Homo sapiens	115-120
19551886-1	2010	In the present work, we have found by an atomistic molecular dynamics simulation that hydrogen atoms originating from the residues of a prokaryotic ClC protein (EcClC) stabilize the chloride ion without water molecules in the pore of ClC protein.	Chlorides	182-190	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	148-151
19551886-1	2010	In the present work, we have found by an atomistic molecular dynamics simulation that hydrogen atoms originating from the residues of a prokaryotic ClC protein (EcClC) stabilize the chloride ion without water molecules in the pore of ClC protein.	Chlorides	182-190	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	163-166
20050590-1	2010	A discrete-state model of chloride ion motion in a ClC chloride channel is constructed, following a previously developed multi-ion continuous space model of the same system (Cheng, M. H.; Mamonov, A.	Chlorides	26-34	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	51-54
19812385-3	2010	HOCl is produced from hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions through the action of myeloperoxidase.	Chlorides	44-52	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	80-95
19766125-0	2010	Model of the cAMP activation of chloride transport by CFTR channel and the mechanism of potentiators.	Chlorides	32-40	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	54-58
20066046-2	2010	Our experiments showed that CaV1.2 currents expressed in HEK293 cells are strongly inhibited by replacing extracellular chloride with gluconate or perchlorate.	Chlorides	120-128	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C	Homo sapiens	28-34
20066046-4	2010	Inhibition of CaV1.2 currents produced by replacing chloride with gluconate was reduced from approximately 75%-80% to approximately 50% by omitting beta subunits but unaffected by omitting alpha(2)delta subunits.	Chlorides	52-60	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C	Homo sapiens	14-20
19875701-0	2010	JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase limits calcium-dependent chloride secretion across colonic epithelial cells.	Chlorides	62-70	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	0-3
20332619-3	2010	CFTR is an ATP-hydrolyzing, cAMP/PKA-activated anion channel regulating pancreatic bicarbonate/chloride secretion across duct-facing apical membranes in epithelia.	Chlorides	95-103	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
20332619-6	2010	We recently showed that after raising [cAMP], wt-CFTR chloride-conductance, when expressed in Xenopus oocytes, remains elevated despite the presence of metformin.	Chlorides	54-62	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (ATP-binding cassette sub-family C, member 7)	Xenopus laevis	49-53
20332619-7	2010	Yet here, we find that S573C-CFTR manifests a metformin-inhibitable whole cell chloride-conductance after cAMP elevation.	Chlorides	79-87	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	29-33
21151762-1	2010	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channel represents the rate-limiting step for chloride and fluid secretion in most epithelial tissues in the body.	Chlorides	115-123	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-55
21151762-1	2010	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channel represents the rate-limiting step for chloride and fluid secretion in most epithelial tissues in the body.	Chlorides	115-123	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
19800968-1	2010	Myeloperoxidase catalyzes the reaction of chloride ions with H(2)O(2) to yield hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which can damage proteins.	Chlorides	42-50	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
20334484-1	2010	This paper reports a novel Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene variant, 1811+1G-->T, detected in a 5-year-old girl diagnosed with idiopathic disseminated bronchiectasis and negative sweat chloride test (17 mmol/L).	Chlorides	216-224	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	27-78
20334484-1	2010	This paper reports a novel Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene variant, 1811+1G-->T, detected in a 5-year-old girl diagnosed with idiopathic disseminated bronchiectasis and negative sweat chloride test (17 mmol/L).	Chlorides	216-224	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	80-84
20111742-4	2010	Since aquaporin-6 is permeable to both water and anions, these results suggest its possible involvement in regulating OHC motility, directly through modulation of water and chloride flow or by changing mechanical compliance in Deiters" cells.	Chlorides	173-181	aquaporin 6	Mus musculus	6-17
20038525-0	2010	Epac1 mediates protein kinase A-independent mechanism of forskolin-activated intestinal chloride secretion.	Chlorides	88-96	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	0-5
19998377-5	2010	A reversal of elution order was observed for particular classes of analytes when the weight percentage of the chloride-based PIL was increased.	Chlorides	110-118	serpin family A member 2 (gene/pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	125-128
19889841-1	2010	We have demonstrated that Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) overexpression in CFBE41o- cells induces a significant redistribution of F508del cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) from the cytoplasm to the apical membrane and rescues CFTR-dependent chloride secretion.	Chlorides	285-293	SLC9A3 regulator 1	Homo sapiens	26-66
19889841-1	2010	We have demonstrated that Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) overexpression in CFBE41o- cells induces a significant redistribution of F508del cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) from the cytoplasm to the apical membrane and rescues CFTR-dependent chloride secretion.	Chlorides	285-293	SLC9A3 regulator 1	Homo sapiens	68-74
19889841-3	2010	Furthermore, the dominant-negative band Four-point one, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin homology (FERM) domain of ezrin reversed the wt NHERF1 overexpression-induced increase in both F-actin and CFTR-dependent chloride secretion.	Chlorides	201-209	ezrin	Homo sapiens	56-61
19889841-3	2010	Furthermore, the dominant-negative band Four-point one, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin homology (FERM) domain of ezrin reversed the wt NHERF1 overexpression-induced increase in both F-actin and CFTR-dependent chloride secretion.	Chlorides	201-209	ezrin	Homo sapiens	105-110
19889841-3	2010	Furthermore, the dominant-negative band Four-point one, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin homology (FERM) domain of ezrin reversed the wt NHERF1 overexpression-induced increase in both F-actin and CFTR-dependent chloride secretion.	Chlorides	201-209	SLC9A3 regulator 1	Homo sapiens	127-133
19889841-3	2010	Furthermore, the dominant-negative band Four-point one, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin homology (FERM) domain of ezrin reversed the wt NHERF1 overexpression-induced increase in both F-actin and CFTR-dependent chloride secretion.	Chlorides	201-209	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	186-190
19889841-5	2010	Furthermore, wt NHERF1 increased RhoA activity and transfection of constitutively active RhoA in CFBE41o- cells was sufficient to redistribute phospho-ezrin to the membrane fraction and rescue both the F-actin content and the CFTR-dependent chloride efflux.	Chlorides	241-249	SLC9A3 regulator 1	Homo sapiens	16-22
19889841-5	2010	Furthermore, wt NHERF1 increased RhoA activity and transfection of constitutively active RhoA in CFBE41o- cells was sufficient to redistribute phospho-ezrin to the membrane fraction and rescue both the F-actin content and the CFTR-dependent chloride efflux.	Chlorides	241-249	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	89-93
19889841-7	2010	We conclude that NHERF1 overexpression in CFBE41o- rescues CFTR-dependent chloride secretion by forming the multiprotein complex RhoA-ROCK-ezrin-actin that, via actin cytoskeleton reorganization, tethers F508del CFTR to the cytoskeleton stabilizing it on the apical membrane.	Chlorides	74-82	SLC9A3 regulator 1	Homo sapiens	17-23
19889841-7	2010	We conclude that NHERF1 overexpression in CFBE41o- rescues CFTR-dependent chloride secretion by forming the multiprotein complex RhoA-ROCK-ezrin-actin that, via actin cytoskeleton reorganization, tethers F508del CFTR to the cytoskeleton stabilizing it on the apical membrane.	Chlorides	74-82	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	59-63
19889841-7	2010	We conclude that NHERF1 overexpression in CFBE41o- rescues CFTR-dependent chloride secretion by forming the multiprotein complex RhoA-ROCK-ezrin-actin that, via actin cytoskeleton reorganization, tethers F508del CFTR to the cytoskeleton stabilizing it on the apical membrane.	Chlorides	74-82	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	129-133
19889841-7	2010	We conclude that NHERF1 overexpression in CFBE41o- rescues CFTR-dependent chloride secretion by forming the multiprotein complex RhoA-ROCK-ezrin-actin that, via actin cytoskeleton reorganization, tethers F508del CFTR to the cytoskeleton stabilizing it on the apical membrane.	Chlorides	74-82	ezrin	Homo sapiens	139-144
20369468-9	2010	RESULTS: The expression of HIF-1alpha in NRK52E cells was induced by 100 micromol/L of Co in vitro.	Chlorides	87-89	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
19551886-0	2010	Chloride ion conduction without water coordination in the pore of ClC protein.	Chlorides	0-8	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	66-69
20023875-8	2009	The unusual observation that the chloride complexes show stronger magnetic exchange than the bromide complexes provides strong support that the exchange can be strongly dependent upon the Cu-X...X angles and Cu-X...X-Cu torsion angles.	Chlorides	33-41	cut like homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	188-192
20023875-8	2009	The unusual observation that the chloride complexes show stronger magnetic exchange than the bromide complexes provides strong support that the exchange can be strongly dependent upon the Cu-X...X angles and Cu-X...X-Cu torsion angles.	Chlorides	33-41	cut like homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	208-212
19828014-4	2009	In the present study, we show that serotonin is a favoured substrate for myeloperoxidase because other physiological substrates for this enzyme, including chloride, did not affect its rate of oxidation.	Chlorides	155-163	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	73-88
20193538-5	2009	Meanwhile, a outward-rectifying chloride currents which was sensitive to NPPB and DIDs was recorded in A549 using the whole cell patch clamp.	Chlorides	32-40	natriuretic peptide B	Homo sapiens	73-77
19819723-2	2009	Consistent with previous findings, negative ion APPI-MS revealed end-group identities through the formation of PIB adducts with chloride ions formed in situ from a chlorinated solvent (e.g., CCl4) in the presence of a dopant (toluene).	Chlorides	128-136	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	48-52
19914443-5	2009	The term CFTR-related metabolic syndrome (CRMS) is proposed to describe infants identified by hypertrypsinogenemia on NBS who have sweat chloride values <60 mmol/L and up to 2 CFTR mutations, at least 1 of which is not clearly categorized as a "CF-causing mutation," thus they do not meet CF Foundation guidelines for the diagnosis of CF.	Chlorides	137-145	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	9-13
19570618-4	2009	The traditional use of berberine in diarrhea associated with bacterial infections may reflect, in part, the inhibitory impact of AMPK on chloride extrusion by small intestinal enterocytes.	Chlorides	137-145	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	129-133
19603002-7	2009	Here we show that our novel AAV variants, but not the parental, AAV provide sufficient CFTR delivery to correct the chloride ion transport defect to ~25% levels measured in non-CF cells.	Chlorides	116-124	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	87-91
19699273-3	2009	The concentration of intracellular chloride in neurons is mainly regulated by two cation-chloride cotransporters, the potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) and the sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 (NKCC1).	Chlorides	35-43	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	154-158
19699273-3	2009	The concentration of intracellular chloride in neurons is mainly regulated by two cation-chloride cotransporters, the potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) and the sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 (NKCC1).	Chlorides	35-43	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	212-217
19699273-7	2009	Taken together, the present results indicate that maturation of chloride homeostasis is not completed at birth in the rat and that the upregulation of KCC2 plays a key role in the shift from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing IPSPs.	Chlorides	64-72	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	151-155
19917222-1	2009	In a previous study, sarcolipin (SLN) was shown to form channels selective toward chloride ion when incorporated in a mercury-supported tethered bilayer lipid membrane (tBLM).	Chlorides	82-90	sarcolipin	Homo sapiens	21-31
19917222-1	2009	In a previous study, sarcolipin (SLN) was shown to form channels selective toward chloride ion when incorporated in a mercury-supported tethered bilayer lipid membrane (tBLM).	Chlorides	82-90	sarcolipin	Homo sapiens	33-36
19923298-0	2009	Novel repression of Kcc2 transcription by REST-RE-1 controls developmental switch in neuronal chloride.	Chlorides	94-102	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	20-24
19923298-1	2009	Transcriptional upregulation of Kcc2b, the gene variant encoding the major isoform of the KCC2 chloride transporter, underlies a rapid perinatal decrease in intraneuronal chloride concentration (chloride shift), which is necessary for GABA to act inhibitory.	Chlorides	95-103	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	90-94
21351451-6	2010	The results showed that the intein-fused half genes co-transfected cells displayed a high whole cell chloride current and activity of a single channel indicating the functional recovery of chloride channel, and an intact CFTR protein band was figured out by CFTR-specific antibodies indicating that intein can efficiently ligate the separately expressed half CFTR proteins.	Chlorides	101-109	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	258-262
21351451-6	2010	The results showed that the intein-fused half genes co-transfected cells displayed a high whole cell chloride current and activity of a single channel indicating the functional recovery of chloride channel, and an intact CFTR protein band was figured out by CFTR-specific antibodies indicating that intein can efficiently ligate the separately expressed half CFTR proteins.	Chlorides	101-109	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	258-262
20004137-4	2010	The Mn1 atom is coordinated with one Schiff base ligand, one water molecule and one chloride anion, forming a six-coordination number.	Chlorides	84-98	MN1 proto-oncogene, transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	4-7
19622015-2	2009	Enzymatically active MPO, together with hydrogen peroxide and chloride, produces the powerful oxidant hypochlorous acid and is a key contributor to the oxygen-dependent microbicidal activity of phagocytes.	Chlorides	62-70	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	21-24
19817443-5	2009	MPO-dependent probe activation is chloride ion dependent and is negated in flow cytometry studies of MPO inhibitor treated neutrophils.	Chlorides	34-42	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	101-104
20501436-1	2009	Somatostatin (SST), an important neuropeptide of the gastrointestinal tract has been shown to stimulate sodium chloride absorption and inhibit chloride secretion in the intestine.	Chlorides	111-119	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	14-17
19775156-13	2009	Purified myeloperoxidase used hydrogen peroxide and chloride to catalyze the oxidation of N-terminal methionines to dehydromethionine.	Chlorides	52-60	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	9-24
19777558-7	2009	KCC2 levels increased drastically in the first two postnatal weeks while NKCC1 remained relatively stable, suggesting that the ratio of the chloride transporters is important in mediating the developmental change in chloride reversal potential.	Chlorides	140-148	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
19620404-0	2009	A truncated CFTR protein rescues endogenous DeltaF508-CFTR and corrects chloride transport in mice.	Chlorides	72-80	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	12-16
19620404-7	2009	The rescue of CFTR was evident by the restoration of chloride transport in human CFBE41o- bronchial epithelial cells expressing DeltaF508-CFTR in vitro.	Chlorides	53-61	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	14-18
19620404-7	2009	The rescue of CFTR was evident by the restoration of chloride transport in human CFBE41o- bronchial epithelial cells expressing DeltaF508-CFTR in vitro.	Chlorides	53-61	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	138-142
19727627-2	2009	BACKGROUND: The genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterised by reduced chloride secretion mediated by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and Na(+) hyperabsorption through amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channels (ENaC).	Chlorides	81-89	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	116-167
19727627-2	2009	BACKGROUND: The genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterised by reduced chloride secretion mediated by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and Na(+) hyperabsorption through amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channels (ENaC).	Chlorides	81-89	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	169-173
19679661-0	2009	Loss of TMEM16A causes a defect in epithelial Ca2+-dependent chloride transport.	Chlorides	61-69	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	8-15
19654323-0	2009	TMEM16 proteins produce volume-regulated chloride currents that are reduced in mice lacking TMEM16A.	Chlorides	41-49	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	92-99
19572987-5	2009	5-HT is selectively transported into neurons through the serotonin transporter (SERT), which is a member of the sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporter (SLC6) family.	Chlorides	124-132	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	57-78
21578121-2	2009	The hexa-methyl-benzene rings are in an eta(6)-coordination to the ruthenium centres, which are bridged by two chloride ligands.	Chlorides	111-119	hexosaminidase subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	4-8
21578121-2	2009	The hexa-methyl-benzene rings are in an eta(6)-coordination to the ruthenium centres, which are bridged by two chloride ligands.	Chlorides	111-119	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	40-43
19572987-5	2009	5-HT is selectively transported into neurons through the serotonin transporter (SERT), which is a member of the sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporter (SLC6) family.	Chlorides	124-132	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	80-84
19628655-16	2009	Activation of GLP-2R decreases neuronally evoked epithelial chloride secretion by suppressing acetylcholine release from secretomotor neurons.	Chlorides	60-68	glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor	Cavia porcellus	14-20
19564250-3	2009	Here we show that the Na(+)-independent chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger 2 (Ae2) is relevant for this process in the osteoclasts from the long bones of Ae2(a,b)(-/-) mice (deficient in the main isoforms Ae2a, Ae2b(1), and Ae2b(2)).	Chlorides	40-48	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	61-78
19564250-3	2009	Here we show that the Na(+)-independent chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger 2 (Ae2) is relevant for this process in the osteoclasts from the long bones of Ae2(a,b)(-/-) mice (deficient in the main isoforms Ae2a, Ae2b(1), and Ae2b(2)).	Chlorides	40-48	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	80-83
19564250-3	2009	Here we show that the Na(+)-independent chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger 2 (Ae2) is relevant for this process in the osteoclasts from the long bones of Ae2(a,b)(-/-) mice (deficient in the main isoforms Ae2a, Ae2b(1), and Ae2b(2)).	Chlorides	40-48	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	156-159
19584307-2	2009	Our previous work in bronchial serous cells showed that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) stimulation of the VPAC(1) receptor enhances CFTR-dependent chloride secretion by increasing its membrane insertion by a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent pathway.	Chlorides	152-160	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	87-90
19584307-2	2009	Our previous work in bronchial serous cells showed that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) stimulation of the VPAC(1) receptor enhances CFTR-dependent chloride secretion by increasing its membrane insertion by a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent pathway.	Chlorides	152-160	vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	111-127
19584307-2	2009	Our previous work in bronchial serous cells showed that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) stimulation of the VPAC(1) receptor enhances CFTR-dependent chloride secretion by increasing its membrane insertion by a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent pathway.	Chlorides	152-160	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	137-141
19484190-4	2009	Angiotensin (1-7) [Ang (1-7)] (10(-8) M) administered to isotonic solution, elicited a gradual decline in cell volume and a significant decrease of the swelling-activated chloride current (I (Clswell)).	Chlorides	171-179	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	0-3
19808023-0	2009	Suppression of sulfonylurea- and glucose-induced insulin secretion in vitro and in vivo in mice lacking the chloride transport protein ClC-3.	Chlorides	108-116	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 3	Mus musculus	135-140
19464362-0	2009	Myeloperoxidase interaction with peroxynitrite: chloride deficiency and heme depletion.	Chlorides	48-56	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
19464362-1	2009	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a hemoprotein involved in the leukocyte-mediated defense mechanism and uses hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chloride (Cl(-)) to produce hypochlorous acid.	Chlorides	130-138	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
19464362-1	2009	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a hemoprotein involved in the leukocyte-mediated defense mechanism and uses hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chloride (Cl(-)) to produce hypochlorous acid.	Chlorides	130-138	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	17-20
19131642-2	2009	Sodium hyperabsorption by the airways, profound lung inflammation, and dysregulation of calcium homeostasis, are presumably causally related to loss of CFTR-dependent chloride function in patients with CF.	Chlorides	167-175	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	152-156
19392661-10	2009	CONCLUSIONS: The functional differences in subpopulations of TSPO in different regions of the intestine could be related to structural organization of mitochondrial protein complexes that mediate the ability of TSPO to modulate either chloride secretion or absorption in the duodenum and ileum respectively.	Chlorides	235-243	translocator protein	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
19392661-10	2009	CONCLUSIONS: The functional differences in subpopulations of TSPO in different regions of the intestine could be related to structural organization of mitochondrial protein complexes that mediate the ability of TSPO to modulate either chloride secretion or absorption in the duodenum and ileum respectively.	Chlorides	235-243	translocator protein	Rattus norvegicus	211-215
19641126-0	2009	Fluoxetine (Prozac) binding to serotonin transporter is modulated by chloride and conformational changes.	Chlorides	69-77	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	31-52
19480433-3	2009	The structure of the chloride-bound precursor {Ru-NO}(6) nitrosyl [((OMe)(2)bQb)Ru(NO)(Cl)] (RuNO-Cl) and three nitrosyl-dye conjugates, namely, RuNO-Resf, RuNO-Thnl and RuNO-Seln, have been determined by X-ray crystallography.	Chlorides	21-29	selenoprotein N	Homo sapiens	175-179
19817443-5	2009	MPO-dependent probe activation is chloride ion dependent and is negated in flow cytometry studies of MPO inhibitor treated neutrophils.	Chlorides	34-42	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	0-3
19475416-0	2009	TMEM16B induces chloride currents activated by calcium in mammalian cells.	Chlorides	16-24	anoctamin 2	Homo sapiens	0-7
19774621-11	2009	CONCLUSION: S1118F-CFTR shows impaired maturation and an individual with S1118F-CFTR paired with DeltaF508-CFTR exhibits atypical CF symptoms with intermediate sweat chloride level and meconium ileus despite documented pancreatic sufficiency.	Chlorides	166-174	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	80-84
19774621-11	2009	CONCLUSION: S1118F-CFTR shows impaired maturation and an individual with S1118F-CFTR paired with DeltaF508-CFTR exhibits atypical CF symptoms with intermediate sweat chloride level and meconium ileus despite documented pancreatic sufficiency.	Chlorides	166-174	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	80-84
19608745-6	2009	It completely lost its ability to oxidize chloride to hypochlorous acid, which is a characteristic feature of MPO and essential for its role in host defense.	Chlorides	42-50	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	110-113
19463845-11	2009	In isolated kidney, the PLA(2) from B. caissarum increased the perfusion pressure, renal vascular resistance, urinary flow, glomerular filtration rate, and sodium, potassium and chloride levels of excretion.	Chlorides	178-186	phospholipase A2	Apis mellifera	24-29
19490917-6	2009	The movement of the combined charge (i.e., anion and protein charges) across the membrane is described with a Fokker-Planck equation coupled to a kinetic equation that describes the binding of chloride ions to prestin.	Chlorides	193-201	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	210-217
19645713-0	2009	Inhibition of vascular calcium-gated chloride currents by blockers of KCa1.1, but not by modulators of KCa2.1 or KCa2.3 channels.	Chlorides	37-45	potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 1	Mus musculus	70-76
19577554-2	2009	As detected by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry hypochlorous acid and the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system convert 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine into 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoacetaldehyde and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphonitrile.	Chlorides	103-111	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	69-84
19582812-9	2009	Furthermore, the TGR5 staining colocalized with the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-regulated chloride channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the apical sodium-dependent bile salt uptake transporter, suggesting a functional coupling of TGR5 to bile acid uptake and chloride secretion.	Chlorides	93-101	G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	17-21
19582812-9	2009	Furthermore, the TGR5 staining colocalized with the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-regulated chloride channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the apical sodium-dependent bile salt uptake transporter, suggesting a functional coupling of TGR5 to bile acid uptake and chloride secretion.	Chlorides	93-101	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	110-161
19582812-9	2009	Furthermore, the TGR5 staining colocalized with the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-regulated chloride channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the apical sodium-dependent bile salt uptake transporter, suggesting a functional coupling of TGR5 to bile acid uptake and chloride secretion.	Chlorides	93-101	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	163-167
19582812-9	2009	Furthermore, the TGR5 staining colocalized with the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-regulated chloride channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the apical sodium-dependent bile salt uptake transporter, suggesting a functional coupling of TGR5 to bile acid uptake and chloride secretion.	Chlorides	93-101	G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	267-271
19582812-11	2009	Incubation of gallbladder epithelial cells with a TGR5 agonist led to a rise of N-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-6-methoxyquinolinium bromide (MQAE)-fluorescence, suggestive of a decrease in intracellular chloride concentration.	Chlorides	197-205	G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	50-54
19582812-12	2009	The TGR5 agonist-dependent increase in MQAE-fluorescence was absent in TGR5 knockout mice or in the presence of a CFTR inhibitor, indicating that TGR5 mediates chloride secretion via activation of CFTR.	Chlorides	160-168	G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1	Mus musculus	4-8
19582812-12	2009	The TGR5 agonist-dependent increase in MQAE-fluorescence was absent in TGR5 knockout mice or in the presence of a CFTR inhibitor, indicating that TGR5 mediates chloride secretion via activation of CFTR.	Chlorides	160-168	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	114-118
19582812-12	2009	The TGR5 agonist-dependent increase in MQAE-fluorescence was absent in TGR5 knockout mice or in the presence of a CFTR inhibitor, indicating that TGR5 mediates chloride secretion via activation of CFTR.	Chlorides	160-168	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	197-201
19464362-9	2009	Chloride binding to the active site of MPO constrains ONOO(-) binding by filling the space directly above the heme moiety or by causing a protein conformational change that constricts the distal heme pocket, thus preventing ONOO(-) from binding to MPO heme iron.	Chlorides	0-8	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	39-42
19464362-9	2009	Chloride binding to the active site of MPO constrains ONOO(-) binding by filling the space directly above the heme moiety or by causing a protein conformational change that constricts the distal heme pocket, thus preventing ONOO(-) from binding to MPO heme iron.	Chlorides	0-8	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	248-251
19675228-1	2009	Chloride influx through GABA-gated chloride channels, the primary mechanism by which neural activity is inhibited in the adult mammalian brain, depends on chloride gradients established by the potassium chloride cotransporter KCC2.	Chlorides	0-8	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	226-230
19675228-1	2009	Chloride influx through GABA-gated chloride channels, the primary mechanism by which neural activity is inhibited in the adult mammalian brain, depends on chloride gradients established by the potassium chloride cotransporter KCC2.	Chlorides	35-43	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	226-230
19675228-3	2009	Functional analysis indicates that, like mammalian KCCs, C. elegans KCC-2 transports chloride, is activated by hypotonic conditions, and is inhibited by the loop diuretic furosemide.	Chlorides	85-93	K+/Cl- Cotransporter	Caenorhabditis elegans	68-73
19675228-4	2009	KCC-2 appears to establish chloride gradients required for the inhibitory effects of GABA-gated and serotonin-gated chloride channels on C. elegans behavior.	Chlorides	27-35	K+/Cl- Cotransporter	Caenorhabditis elegans	0-5
19675239-1	2009	We investigated the molecular determinants of Ca(2+)-activated chloride current (CaCC) expressed in adult sensory neurons after a nerve injury.	Chlorides	63-71	chloride channel accessory 3A1	Mus musculus	81-85
20161398-3	2009	The reaction in methanol requires reflux to dissolve the lipophilic ligand and generates the fac isomer of [TcCl2(NO)(PNPpr)] as the major product, with the tridentate ligand in a facial arrangement, leaving the chlorides and nitrosyl ligand in the remaining facial sites.	Chlorides	212-221	FA complementation group C	Homo sapiens	93-96
19185424-6	2009	Presence of chloride or sulphate resulted in increased Pb(II) sorption but adversely affected Cd(II) sorption.	Chlorides	12-20	submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B	Homo sapiens	55-61
19446535-8	2009	These observations suggest a microglial chloride conductance as a critical permissive factor downstream in the IFNgamma-induced iNOS cascade.	Chlorides	40-48	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	111-119
19446535-8	2009	These observations suggest a microglial chloride conductance as a critical permissive factor downstream in the IFNgamma-induced iNOS cascade.	Chlorides	40-48	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	128-132
19438409-1	2009	AE1 [anion exchanger 1, also known as SLC4A1 (solute carrier family 4, anion exchanger, member 1) and band 3 (erythrocyte membrane protein band 3)] is a major membrane glycoprotein expressed in human erythrocytes where it mediates the exchange of chloride and bicarbonate across the plasma membrane.	Chlorides	247-255	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-3
19438409-1	2009	AE1 [anion exchanger 1, also known as SLC4A1 (solute carrier family 4, anion exchanger, member 1) and band 3 (erythrocyte membrane protein band 3)] is a major membrane glycoprotein expressed in human erythrocytes where it mediates the exchange of chloride and bicarbonate across the plasma membrane.	Chlorides	247-255	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	5-22
19438409-1	2009	AE1 [anion exchanger 1, also known as SLC4A1 (solute carrier family 4, anion exchanger, member 1) and band 3 (erythrocyte membrane protein band 3)] is a major membrane glycoprotein expressed in human erythrocytes where it mediates the exchange of chloride and bicarbonate across the plasma membrane.	Chlorides	247-255	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	38-44
19308359-2	2009	The Cl-/Hg(SCN)2/Fe3+ reaction system for the spectrophotometric determination of chloride (Cl(-)) in waters was used as chemical model.	Chlorides	82-90	growth factor independent 1 transcriptional repressor	Homo sapiens	4-16
19321737-1	2009	SLC26A3, a Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger, is highly expressed in intestinal epithelial cells, and its mutations cause congenital chloride diarrhea.	Chlorides	125-133	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-7
19398555-6	2009	small interference RNA-mediated knockdown of USP10 increased the amount of ubiquitinated CFTR and its degradation in lysosomes, and reduced both apical membrane CFTR and CFTR-mediated chloride secretion.	Chlorides	184-192	ubiquitin specific peptidase 10	Homo sapiens	45-50
19359428-0	2009	Protease-activated receptor-2 stimulates intestinal epithelial chloride transport through activation of PLC and selective PKC isoforms.	Chlorides	63-71	F2R like trypsin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-29
19359428-0	2009	Protease-activated receptor-2 stimulates intestinal epithelial chloride transport through activation of PLC and selective PKC isoforms.	Chlorides	63-71	heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2	Homo sapiens	104-107
19359428-0	2009	Protease-activated receptor-2 stimulates intestinal epithelial chloride transport through activation of PLC and selective PKC isoforms.	Chlorides	63-71	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	122-125
19359428-2	2009	We examined the roles that specific phospholipase (PL) C and protein kinase (PK) C (PKC) isoforms play in the regulation of PAR(2)-stimulated chloride secretion in intestinal epithelial cells.	Chlorides	142-150	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	84-87
19359428-2	2009	We examined the roles that specific phospholipase (PL) C and protein kinase (PK) C (PKC) isoforms play in the regulation of PAR(2)-stimulated chloride secretion in intestinal epithelial cells.	Chlorides	142-150	F2R like trypsin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	124-129
19359428-13	2009	We conclude that basolateral PAR(2)-induced chloride secretion involves activation of PKCbetaI and PKCdelta via a PLC-dependent mechanism resulting in the stimulation of cRaf and ERK1/2 signaling.	Chlorides	44-52	F2R like trypsin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	29-34
19359428-13	2009	We conclude that basolateral PAR(2)-induced chloride secretion involves activation of PKCbetaI and PKCdelta via a PLC-dependent mechanism resulting in the stimulation of cRaf and ERK1/2 signaling.	Chlorides	44-52	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	99-107
19359428-13	2009	We conclude that basolateral PAR(2)-induced chloride secretion involves activation of PKCbetaI and PKCdelta via a PLC-dependent mechanism resulting in the stimulation of cRaf and ERK1/2 signaling.	Chlorides	44-52	heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2	Homo sapiens	114-117
19359428-13	2009	We conclude that basolateral PAR(2)-induced chloride secretion involves activation of PKCbetaI and PKCdelta via a PLC-dependent mechanism resulting in the stimulation of cRaf and ERK1/2 signaling.	Chlorides	44-52	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	170-174
19359428-13	2009	We conclude that basolateral PAR(2)-induced chloride secretion involves activation of PKCbetaI and PKCdelta via a PLC-dependent mechanism resulting in the stimulation of cRaf and ERK1/2 signaling.	Chlorides	44-52	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	179-185
19207039-3	2009	Concomitant chloride (Cl-) influx has been proposed to occur via ClC Cl-=H+ exchangers.	Chlorides	12-20	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	65-68
19402624-0	2009	Direct detection and characterization of chloride in the active site of the low-pH form of sulfite oxidase using electron spin echo envelope modulation spectroscopy, isotopic labeling, and density functional theory calculations.	Chlorides	41-49	sulfite oxidase	Homo sapiens	91-106
19345674-0	2009	Formation of cholesterol ozonolysis products through an ozone-free mechanism mediated by the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-chloride system.	Chlorides	114-122	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	93-108
19474308-8	2009	TMEM16B confers Ca(2+)-dependent chloride currents when overexpressed in mammalian cells as measured by halide sensitive fluorescent protein assays and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings.	Chlorides	33-41	anoctamin 2	Homo sapiens	0-7
19061877-8	2009	Ozone stress could down-regulate the expression of CFTR and decrease CFTR chloride current in HBEC.	Chlorides	74-82	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	69-73
19307176-1	2009	The neuron-specific K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 maintains the low intracellular chloride concentration required for the fast hyperpolarizing actions of inhibitory neurotransmitters.	Chlorides	76-84	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	39-43
19307298-0	2009	Human ClCa1 modulates anionic conduction of calcium-dependent chloride currents.	Chlorides	62-70	chloride channel accessory 1	Homo sapiens	6-11
19490804-4	2009	L-ascorbate is a metabolically active component of the nasal and tracheobronchial airway lining fluids and appears to serve as an important biological effector of CFTR-mediated chloride secretion.	Chlorides	177-185	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	163-167
19538314-2	2009	DRA (downregulated in adenoma) is an intestinal chloride/bicarbonate exchanger that is functionally coupled to CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) in the upper gastrointestinal tract to mediate chloride and bicarbonate secretion and to NHE3 (Na/H exchanger- isoform 3) in the lower gastrointestinal tract to mediate electroneutral NaCl absorption.	Chlorides	48-56	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
19538314-2	2009	DRA (downregulated in adenoma) is an intestinal chloride/bicarbonate exchanger that is functionally coupled to CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) in the upper gastrointestinal tract to mediate chloride and bicarbonate secretion and to NHE3 (Na/H exchanger- isoform 3) in the lower gastrointestinal tract to mediate electroneutral NaCl absorption.	Chlorides	48-56	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	111-115
19538314-2	2009	DRA (downregulated in adenoma) is an intestinal chloride/bicarbonate exchanger that is functionally coupled to CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) in the upper gastrointestinal tract to mediate chloride and bicarbonate secretion and to NHE3 (Na/H exchanger- isoform 3) in the lower gastrointestinal tract to mediate electroneutral NaCl absorption.	Chlorides	48-56	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	117-156
19538314-2	2009	DRA (downregulated in adenoma) is an intestinal chloride/bicarbonate exchanger that is functionally coupled to CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) in the upper gastrointestinal tract to mediate chloride and bicarbonate secretion and to NHE3 (Na/H exchanger- isoform 3) in the lower gastrointestinal tract to mediate electroneutral NaCl absorption.	Chlorides	48-56	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	247-251
19538314-2	2009	DRA (downregulated in adenoma) is an intestinal chloride/bicarbonate exchanger that is functionally coupled to CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) in the upper gastrointestinal tract to mediate chloride and bicarbonate secretion and to NHE3 (Na/H exchanger- isoform 3) in the lower gastrointestinal tract to mediate electroneutral NaCl absorption.	Chlorides	48-56	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	253-278
19538314-2	2009	DRA (downregulated in adenoma) is an intestinal chloride/bicarbonate exchanger that is functionally coupled to CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) in the upper gastrointestinal tract to mediate chloride and bicarbonate secretion and to NHE3 (Na/H exchanger- isoform 3) in the lower gastrointestinal tract to mediate electroneutral NaCl absorption.	Chlorides	205-213	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
19538314-2	2009	DRA (downregulated in adenoma) is an intestinal chloride/bicarbonate exchanger that is functionally coupled to CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) in the upper gastrointestinal tract to mediate chloride and bicarbonate secretion and to NHE3 (Na/H exchanger- isoform 3) in the lower gastrointestinal tract to mediate electroneutral NaCl absorption.	Chlorides	205-213	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	111-115
19538314-2	2009	DRA (downregulated in adenoma) is an intestinal chloride/bicarbonate exchanger that is functionally coupled to CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) in the upper gastrointestinal tract to mediate chloride and bicarbonate secretion and to NHE3 (Na/H exchanger- isoform 3) in the lower gastrointestinal tract to mediate electroneutral NaCl absorption.	Chlorides	205-213	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	117-156
19538314-2	2009	DRA (downregulated in adenoma) is an intestinal chloride/bicarbonate exchanger that is functionally coupled to CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) in the upper gastrointestinal tract to mediate chloride and bicarbonate secretion and to NHE3 (Na/H exchanger- isoform 3) in the lower gastrointestinal tract to mediate electroneutral NaCl absorption.	Chlorides	205-213	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	247-251
19538314-2	2009	DRA (downregulated in adenoma) is an intestinal chloride/bicarbonate exchanger that is functionally coupled to CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) in the upper gastrointestinal tract to mediate chloride and bicarbonate secretion and to NHE3 (Na/H exchanger- isoform 3) in the lower gastrointestinal tract to mediate electroneutral NaCl absorption.	Chlorides	205-213	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	253-278
19246218-1	2009	Substituting the medium chloride with glucuronate or glutamate causes a rapid, 10 to 30-fold, increase in the binding of the monoclonal antibody, CBRM1/5, which recognizes the high-affinity conformation of the Mac-1 integrin.	Chlorides	24-32	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	210-215
19017867-1	2009	BACKGROUND: The defect in chloride and sodium transport in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is a consequence of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) loss of function and an abnormal interaction between CFTR and the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC).	Chlorides	26-34	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	109-147
19017867-1	2009	BACKGROUND: The defect in chloride and sodium transport in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is a consequence of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) loss of function and an abnormal interaction between CFTR and the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC).	Chlorides	26-34	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	149-153
19017867-1	2009	BACKGROUND: The defect in chloride and sodium transport in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is a consequence of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) loss of function and an abnormal interaction between CFTR and the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC).	Chlorides	26-34	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	208-212
19318035-2	2009	We investigated the relationship between CFTR mutation analysis and sweat chloride concentration in a cohort of subjects with borderline sweat test values, in order to identify misdiagnosis of CF.	Chlorides	74-82	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	41-45
19318035-6	2009	RESULTS: The mean value of sweat chloride in the DNA negative subjects was lower than in those with at least one CFTR mutation.	Chlorides	33-41	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	113-117
19464255-2	2009	Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a potent two-electron oxidant formed by the MPO-H(2)O(2)-chloride system of activated phagocytes, modifies antiatherogenic high-density lipoprotein (HDL).	Chlorides	83-91	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	70-73
19474731-7	2009	Recent evidence has demonstrated that an apical Cl-/HCO3- exchanger called pendrin is an absolute requirement for chloride reabsorption in the collecting system, indicating that chloride absorption is not passive and paracellular but is mediated by the intercalated cells.	Chlorides	114-122	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	75-82
19474731-7	2009	Recent evidence has demonstrated that an apical Cl-/HCO3- exchanger called pendrin is an absolute requirement for chloride reabsorption in the collecting system, indicating that chloride absorption is not passive and paracellular but is mediated by the intercalated cells.	Chlorides	178-186	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	75-82
19474731-10	2009	SUMMARY: Pendrin-mediated chloride transport through intercalated cells appears to be an independent and important determinant of renal NaCl handling and therefore might represent a new target for blood pressure control.	Chlorides	26-34	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	9-16
19379130-1	2009	Tissue damage resulting from the extracellular production of HOCl (hypochlorous acid) by the MPO (myeloperoxidase)-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system of activated phagocytes is implicated as a key event in the progression of a number of human inflammatory diseases.	Chlorides	133-141	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	93-96
19379130-1	2009	Tissue damage resulting from the extracellular production of HOCl (hypochlorous acid) by the MPO (myeloperoxidase)-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system of activated phagocytes is implicated as a key event in the progression of a number of human inflammatory diseases.	Chlorides	133-141	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	98-113
19336397-0	2009	Mutation of Aspartate 555 of the Sodium/Bicarbonate Transporter SLC4A4/NBCe1 Induces Chloride Transport.	Chlorides	85-93	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	64-70
19299496-9	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide clear evidence that nasal delivery of miglustat, at picomolar doses, normalizes sodium and Cftr-dependent chloride transport in F508del transgenic mice; they highlight the potential of topical miglustat as a therapy for CF.	Chlorides	139-147	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	124-128
19329540-3	2009	According to one hypothesis, reduced CFTR chloride conductance in organelles in CF impairs their acidification by preventing chloride entry into the organelle lumen, which is needed to balance the positive charge produced by proton entry.	Chlorides	42-50	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	37-41
19329540-3	2009	According to one hypothesis, reduced CFTR chloride conductance in organelles in CF impairs their acidification by preventing chloride entry into the organelle lumen, which is needed to balance the positive charge produced by proton entry.	Chlorides	125-133	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	37-41
19190238-3	2009	Using the intestinal epithelial cell line, SCBN, we have studied the stimulus-secretion coupling mechanisms of PAR(2)-induced epithelial chloride transport, focusing on cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 activities and prostaglandin (PG) E(2) secretion.	Chlorides	137-145	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens	111-114
19190238-10	2009	We conclude that basolateral PAR(2) activation induces epithelial chloride secretion that is mediated by cPLA(2), COX-1, COX-2, and the subsequent release of PGE(2).	Chlorides	66-74	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens	29-32
19190238-10	2009	We conclude that basolateral PAR(2) activation induces epithelial chloride secretion that is mediated by cPLA(2), COX-1, COX-2, and the subsequent release of PGE(2).	Chlorides	66-74	phospholipase A2 group IVA	Homo sapiens	105-112
19190238-10	2009	We conclude that basolateral PAR(2) activation induces epithelial chloride secretion that is mediated by cPLA(2), COX-1, COX-2, and the subsequent release of PGE(2).	Chlorides	66-74	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I	Homo sapiens	114-119
19190238-10	2009	We conclude that basolateral PAR(2) activation induces epithelial chloride secretion that is mediated by cPLA(2), COX-1, COX-2, and the subsequent release of PGE(2).	Chlorides	66-74	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	121-126
19825636-4	2009	PHT4;6 localizes to the Golgi membrane and transport studies indicate that PHT4;6 facilitates the selective transport of Pi but not of chloride or inorganic anions.	Chlorides	135-143	phosphate transporter 1;5	Arabidopsis thaliana	75-81
19096086-7	2009	Contrasting with these data, patients with CLCNKB had the lowest potassium (P = 0.006 versus KCNJ1 and P = 0.034 versus SLC12A1) and chloride plasma concentrations (P = 0.039 versus KCNJ1 and P = 0.024 versus SLC12A1) and the highest bicarbonataemia (P = 0.026 versus KCNJ1 and P = 0.014 versus SLC12A1).	Chlorides	133-141	chloride voltage-gated channel Kb	Homo sapiens	43-49
19277700-2	2009	Acid-secretory type-A intercalated cells secrete protons via a luminally expressed V-type H(+)-ATPase and generate new bicarbonate released by basolateral chloride/bicarbonate exchangers including the AE1 anion exchanger.	Chlorides	155-163	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	201-204
19277700-7	2009	Bicarbonate secretion is achieved by non-type-A intercalated cells characterized by the luminal expression of the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger pendrin.	Chlorides	114-122	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	145-152
19277700-8	2009	Pendrin activity is driven by H(+)-ATPases and may serve both bicarbonate excretion and chloride reabsorption.	Chlorides	88-96	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
19277700-9	2009	The activity and expression of pendrin is regulated by different factors including acid-base status, chloride delivery, and angiotensin II and may play a role in NaCl retention and blood pressure regulation.	Chlorides	101-109	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	31-38
19639692-2	2009	One was SMC electrophoresis of a chloride/iodine/bromine hydrogen sulphide brine of the Uva spa, the other standard medicamentous therapy.	Chlorides	33-41	surfactant protein A2	Homo sapiens	92-95
19261613-12	2009	When inserted into the model Torpedo chloride channel ClC-0, the equivalent mutation increased nitrate relative to chloride conductance.	Chlorides	37-45	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	54-57
19201752-1	2009	GAT-1 is a sodium- and chloride-coupled gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter, which fulfills an essential role in the synaptic transmission by this neurotransmitter.	Chlorides	23-31	solute carrier family 6 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
19233231-4	2009	ANP and CNP stimulate basal as well as induced pancreatic secretion and modify bicarbonate and chloride secretions.	Chlorides	95-103	natriuretic peptide C	Rattus norvegicus	8-11
19340943-0	2009	Using multiconformation continuum electrostatics to compare chloride binding motifs in alpha-amylase, human serum albumin, and Omp32.	Chlorides	60-68	albumin	Homo sapiens	108-121
19340943-3	2009	Here, using multiconformation continuum electrostatics (MCCE), we show that the changes of chloride binding to alpha-amylase, human serum albumin (HSA) and Omp32 with pH, and of alpha-amylase with mutation agree well with experimental data.	Chlorides	91-99	albumin	Homo sapiens	132-151
19340943-8	2009	In HSA, chlorides are distributed on the protein surface.	Chlorides	8-17	albumin	Homo sapiens	3-6
19340943-17	2009	The calculations overestimate the affinity of surface chloride in HSA and Omp32 relative to the buried ion in amylase.	Chlorides	54-62	albumin	Homo sapiens	66-69
19176702-9	2009	This work demonstrates that AMPK activation in macula densa-like cells occurs via isosmolar changes in sodium or chloride concentration, leading to phosphorylation of ACC and NKCC2.	Chlorides	113-121	solute carrier family 12, member 1	Mus musculus	175-180
18931328-3	2009	We showed that, compared with the untreated CF serous cells, a 24-hour pre-incubation period with 200 nM salmeterol induced an 83% increase in delF508-CFTR-mediated chloride efflux.	Chlorides	165-173	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	151-155
19289574-4	2009	HEK cells expressing SLC26A9 displayed a constitutive chloride current that was inhibited by the CFTR blocker GlyH-101 (71 +/- 4%, 50 microM) and exhibited a near-linear current-voltage (I-V) relation during block, while GlyH-101-inhibited wild-type (wt)CFTR exhibited a strong inward-rectified (IR) I-V relation.	Chlorides	54-62	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	21-28
19061877-1	2009	To investigate abnormalities of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) expression in chronic inflammatory airway diseases and its regulation mechanisms, the present study was designed to observe the expression of CFTR, CFTR chloride current and the possible relevant signal pathways in in vitro and in vivo bronchial epithelium by using real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, Western blot and whole cell patch-clamp.	Chlorides	244-252	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	32-83
19061877-3	2009	Ozone stress also down-regulated CFTR protein and mRNA expression and CFTR chloride current in cultured human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC).	Chlorides	75-83	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	70-74
19220292-0	2009	Statins and fenofibrate affect skeletal muscle chloride conductance in rats by differently impairing ClC-1 channel regulation and expression.	Chlorides	47-55	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-106
19103648-0	2009	Differential contribution of the Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter NKCC1 to chloride handling in rat embryonic dorsal root ganglion neurons and motor neurons.	Chlorides	74-82	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	65-70
19289574-4	2009	HEK cells expressing SLC26A9 displayed a constitutive chloride current that was inhibited by the CFTR blocker GlyH-101 (71 +/- 4%, 50 microM) and exhibited a near-linear current-voltage (I-V) relation during block, while GlyH-101-inhibited wild-type (wt)CFTR exhibited a strong inward-rectified (IR) I-V relation.	Chlorides	54-62	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	97-101
19289574-4	2009	HEK cells expressing SLC26A9 displayed a constitutive chloride current that was inhibited by the CFTR blocker GlyH-101 (71 +/- 4%, 50 microM) and exhibited a near-linear current-voltage (I-V) relation during block, while GlyH-101-inhibited wild-type (wt)CFTR exhibited a strong inward-rectified (IR) I-V relation.	Chlorides	54-62	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	254-258
19289574-11	2009	We conclude that SLC26A9 functions as an anion conductance in the apical membranes of HBE cells, it contributes to transepithelial chloride currents under basal and cAMP/protein kinase A-stimulated conditions, and its activity in HBE cells requires functional CFTR.	Chlorides	131-139	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	17-24
19266613-3	2009	It augments the chloride secretion in these cells by activating non-cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) secretion of chloride by afflicted respiratory epithelia.	Chlorides	16-24	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	64-107
19230663-8	2009	Patch-clamp electrophysiology reveals GABA-activated picrotoxin-sensitive chloride currents on PDF+ neurons.	Chlorides	74-82	Resistant to dieldrin	Drosophila melanogaster	38-42
19266613-3	2009	It augments the chloride secretion in these cells by activating non-cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) secretion of chloride by afflicted respiratory epithelia.	Chlorides	16-24	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	109-113
19266613-3	2009	It augments the chloride secretion in these cells by activating non-cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) secretion of chloride by afflicted respiratory epithelia.	Chlorides	128-136	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	64-107
19266613-3	2009	It augments the chloride secretion in these cells by activating non-cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) secretion of chloride by afflicted respiratory epithelia.	Chlorides	128-136	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	109-113
19138154-3	2009	One leads to formation of chlorate (ClO3-) and chloride (Cl-), which is determined to be catalyzed by O=FeIV(Por) (Compound II) based on stopped-flow absorption spectroscopy, competition with 2,2"-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid), 18O-labeling studies, and kinetics.	Chlorides	47-55	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Homo sapiens	109-112
19138154-5	2009	On the basis of isotope labeling studies using a residual gas analyzer, the mechanism is determined to be formation of O=FeIV(Por)*+ (Compound I) from oxygen atom transfer, and subsequent rebound with the resulting hypochlorite ion (ClO-) to give dioxygen and chloride.	Chlorides	260-268	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Homo sapiens	126-129
19401039-10	2009	The contribution of CFTR to stimulated chloride current as measured by INH-172 was highly significantly different between all groups (murine septa, 19.51 +/- 1.28; human sinonasal, 11.12 +/- 1.58; murine trachea, 4.85 +/- 0.49; p < 0.0001).	Chlorides	39-47	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	20-24
18581270-1	2009	The serotonin transporter (SERT) belongs to a family of sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporters that are responsible for the active re-uptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin from the synapse.	Chlorides	68-76	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	4-25
19391452-3	2009	Both can originate in mutations of the anion-exchanger 1 gene (AE1), which codes for band 3, the bicarbonate/chloride exchanger in both the red cell membrane and the basolateral membrane of the collecting tubule alpha-intercalated cell.	Chlorides	109-117	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	39-56
19391452-3	2009	Both can originate in mutations of the anion-exchanger 1 gene (AE1), which codes for band 3, the bicarbonate/chloride exchanger in both the red cell membrane and the basolateral membrane of the collecting tubule alpha-intercalated cell.	Chlorides	109-117	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	63-66
19196633-9	2009	The mechanisms for this are discussed and we provide experimental evidence that the elephant shark LWS1 pigment uses a novel tuning mechanism to achieve the short wavelength shift to 499 nm, which inactivates the chloride-binding site.	Chlorides	213-221	red-sensitive opsin-like	Callorhinchus milii	99-103
18581270-1	2009	The serotonin transporter (SERT) belongs to a family of sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporters that are responsible for the active re-uptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin from the synapse.	Chlorides	68-76	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
19173079-4	2009	The fac-isomer of [Ru(L2)(3)](2+) does appear to have an enhancement in the binding interactions over the mer form with dihydrogenphosphate salts, although the difference is much less marked with the spherical chloride ions.	Chlorides	210-218	FA complementation group C	Homo sapiens	4-7
19150332-1	2009	We investigated whether pannexin-1, a carbenoxolone-sensitive hemichannel activated in erythrocytes by swelling, could be activated by swelling stress and contribute to swelling-activated chloride currents (I(Cl,swell)) in HEK-293 cells.	Chlorides	188-196	pannexin 1	Homo sapiens	24-34
19274342-0	2009	Physiological implications of the regulation of vacuolar H+-ATPase by chloride ions.	Chlorides	70-78	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	60-66
19074559-6	2009	Exposure of HBE monolayers to IL-17A for 48 h induced a novel forskolin-stimulated bicarbonate secretion in addition to forskolin-stimulated chloride secretion and resulted in alkalinization of liquid on the mucosal surface of polarized cells.	Chlorides	141-149	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	30-36
19074559-7	2009	IL-17A-induced bicarbonate secretion was cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent, mucosal chloride-dependent, partially Na(+)-dependent, and sensitive to serosal, but not mucosal, stilbene inhibition.	Chlorides	119-127	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	0-6
18851713-1	2009	MPO (myeloperoxidase) catalyses the oxidation of chloride, bromide and thiocyanate to their respective hypohalous acids.	Chlorides	49-57	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-3
18851713-1	2009	MPO (myeloperoxidase) catalyses the oxidation of chloride, bromide and thiocyanate to their respective hypohalous acids.	Chlorides	49-57	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	5-20
18547339-12	2009	A thorough clinical investigation of the heterozygote SCNN1A mutation carriers revealed increased sweat sodium and chloride levels consistent with a dominant effect of the mutant S562P allele.	Chlorides	115-123	sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	54-60
18579258-3	2009	In complex 1, Co(II) ions possess a tetrahedral coordination environment composed of O2S2 donor atoms while its Cu(II) and Zn(II) counterparts 2 and 3, respectively, reveal a six coordinate octahedral structure, defined by the O2S2 donors from the macrocyclic ring and two chloride ions.	Chlorides	273-281	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	14-20
19118153-6	2009	Using a novel NFATc1 transgenic line that reports activation of an NFATc1 enhancer domain critical for NFATc1 autoamplification, we demonstrated accentuated NFATc1 expression in a PTC subpopulation after mercuric chloride-induced injury.	Chlorides	213-221	nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 1	Mus musculus	14-20
19118153-6	2009	Using a novel NFATc1 transgenic line that reports activation of an NFATc1 enhancer domain critical for NFATc1 autoamplification, we demonstrated accentuated NFATc1 expression in a PTC subpopulation after mercuric chloride-induced injury.	Chlorides	213-221	nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 1	Mus musculus	67-73
19118153-6	2009	Using a novel NFATc1 transgenic line that reports activation of an NFATc1 enhancer domain critical for NFATc1 autoamplification, we demonstrated accentuated NFATc1 expression in a PTC subpopulation after mercuric chloride-induced injury.	Chlorides	213-221	nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 1	Mus musculus	67-73
19118153-6	2009	Using a novel NFATc1 transgenic line that reports activation of an NFATc1 enhancer domain critical for NFATc1 autoamplification, we demonstrated accentuated NFATc1 expression in a PTC subpopulation after mercuric chloride-induced injury.	Chlorides	213-221	nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 1	Mus musculus	67-73
19050049-1	2009	CONTEXT: Pendrin is an apical protein of thyroid follicular cells, responsible for the efflux of iodide into the follicular lumen via an iodide-chloride transport mechanism.	Chlorides	144-152	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	9-16
19036864-0	2009	NKCC1 and AE3 appear to accumulate chloride in embryonic motoneurons.	Chlorides	35-43	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
19036864-0	2009	NKCC1 and AE3 appear to accumulate chloride in embryonic motoneurons.	Chlorides	35-43	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Homo sapiens	10-13
19036864-9	2009	We show that the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter, NKCC1, is clearly involved in the accumulation of chloride in motoneurons because blocking this transporter hyperpolarized EGABA and reduced nerve potentials evoked by local application of a GABAA agonist.	Chlorides	94-102	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	44-49
19036864-10	2009	However, chloride accumulation following NKCC1 block was still clearly present.	Chlorides	9-17	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	41-46
19036864-12	2009	These results suggest that the anion exchanger, AE3, is also likely to contribute to chloride accumulation in embryonic motoneurons.	Chlorides	85-93	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Homo sapiens	48-51
19156256-8	2009	The decreased chloride secretion appears to be a direct consequence of defective CFTR; however, the increased salt absorption is believed to result from the failure of CFTR to restrict salt absorption through a sodium channel named the epithelial Na(+) channel, ENaC.	Chlorides	14-22	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	81-85
19000913-0	2009	Zinc regulates the dopamine transporter in a membrane potential and chloride dependent manner.	Chlorides	68-76	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	19-39
19070589-1	2009	The chloride-proton antiporter ClC-7 has been speculated to be involved in acidification of the lysosomes and the resorption lacunae in osteoclasts; however, neither direct measurements of chloride transport nor acidification have been performed.	Chlorides	4-12	chloride voltage-gated channel 7	Homo sapiens	31-36
19239183-2	2009	It is mainly transported by a sodium and chloride ion dependent taurine transporter (TauT), which is expressed in a variety of tissues, such as brain, retina, and placenta, but in bone the transporter has not yet been identified.	Chlorides	41-49	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, taurine), member 6	Mus musculus	64-83
19239183-2	2009	It is mainly transported by a sodium and chloride ion dependent taurine transporter (TauT), which is expressed in a variety of tissues, such as brain, retina, and placenta, but in bone the transporter has not yet been identified.	Chlorides	41-49	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, taurine), member 6	Mus musculus	85-89
20093721-7	2009	This review focuses on the regulatory mechanism behind annexin A2-S100A10 complex formation, its role in regulating chloride transport in health and cystic fibrosis and the potential of this mechanism to integrate calcium and cAMP signalling in airway epithelia.	Chlorides	116-124	annexin A2	Homo sapiens	55-65
20093721-8	2009	We propose that cAMP/PKA-dependent activation of chloride flux (through CFTR and ORCC) requires the mobilisation of a multi-protein complex involving calcium binding proteins from three different families (annexin 2, S100A10 and Calcineurin A).	Chlorides	49-57	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	72-76
20093721-8	2009	We propose that cAMP/PKA-dependent activation of chloride flux (through CFTR and ORCC) requires the mobilisation of a multi-protein complex involving calcium binding proteins from three different families (annexin 2, S100A10 and Calcineurin A).	Chlorides	49-57	S100 calcium binding protein A10	Homo sapiens	217-224
19546591-9	2009	Electrophysiology demonstrated that the 523delVal CLC-5 mutation abolished CLC-5-mediated chloride conductance.	Chlorides	90-98	chloride voltage-gated channel 5	Homo sapiens	50-55
19546591-9	2009	Electrophysiology demonstrated that the 523delVal CLC-5 mutation abolished CLC-5-mediated chloride conductance.	Chlorides	90-98	chloride voltage-gated channel 5	Homo sapiens	75-80
18534903-6	2008	The ligands (L1", L2" and L3") formed by tribochemical reactions are quite similar to these of L1, L2 and L3, except that the ionizable chloride ions in case of L1, L2 and L3 are substituted by iodide ions in (L1", L2" and L3").	Chlorides	136-144	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	95-108
18534903-6	2008	The ligands (L1", L2" and L3") formed by tribochemical reactions are quite similar to these of L1, L2 and L3, except that the ionizable chloride ions in case of L1, L2 and L3 are substituted by iodide ions in (L1", L2" and L3").	Chlorides	136-144	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	161-174
18945938-6	2008	Whole cell chloride currents were evoked in both HEK293 and COS-7 cells expressing mBest3 by elevation of intracellular calcium.	Chlorides	11-19	bestrophin 3	Mus musculus	83-89
19406757-2	2009	In neonates, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an excitatory neurotransmitter due to elevated levels of intraneuronal chloride achieved by robust activity of the Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl( -) cotransporter (NKCC1).	Chlorides	118-126	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	196-201
19000913-9	2009	This study represents the first evidence that DAT regulation by Zn(2+) is profoundly modulated by the membrane potential and chloride.	Chlorides	125-133	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	46-49
18983442-10	2009	Renin secretion is controlled by renal ABP, renal nerve activity and the tubular chloride concentrations at the macula densa (MD).	Chlorides	81-89	renin	Homo sapiens	0-5
18983445-4	2009	In this article, we focus on our studies that have uncovered the intricate signalling mechanisms downstream of EGFr that regulate both chloride secretion and sodium absorption by colonocytes.	Chlorides	135-143	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	111-115
19590192-4	2009	RESULTS: Xenopus oocytes expressing AT1 or AT2 generated oscillatory chloride currents by coupling to the diacylglycerol/inositol-3-phosphate (DAG/IP(3)) cascade.	Chlorides	69-77	angiotensin II receptor type 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	36-39
19590192-4	2009	RESULTS: Xenopus oocytes expressing AT1 or AT2 generated oscillatory chloride currents by coupling to the diacylglycerol/inositol-3-phosphate (DAG/IP(3)) cascade.	Chlorides	69-77	angiotensin II receptor type 2 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	43-46
19590192-5	2009	Ang II activation of collagenase-defolliculated oocytes expressing rat AT1A yielded larger chloride currents (9.2+/-3.4 A) than those generated by oocytes expressing bovine AT1 (3.78+/-2.6 A).	Chlorides	91-99	angiogenin	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
19590192-5	2009	Ang II activation of collagenase-defolliculated oocytes expressing rat AT1A yielded larger chloride currents (9.2+/-3.4 A) than those generated by oocytes expressing bovine AT1 (3.78+/-2.6 A).	Chlorides	91-99	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Rattus norvegicus	71-75
19590192-5	2009	Ang II activation of collagenase-defolliculated oocytes expressing rat AT1A yielded larger chloride currents (9.2+/-3.4 A) than those generated by oocytes expressing bovine AT1 (3.78+/-2.6 A).	Chlorides	91-99	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Bos taurus	71-74
19590192-7	2009	Expression of rat AT2 generated smaller chloride currents (32-210 nA).	Chlorides	40-48	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
19590193-0	2009	cAMP-dependent chloride conductance evokes ammonia-induced blebbing in the microglial cell line, BV-2.	Chlorides	15-23	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	0-4
19089329-7	2009	cGKI relaxes smooth muscle tone and prevents platelet aggregation, whereas cGKII inhibits renin secretion, chloride/water secretion in the small intestine, the resetting of the clock during early night, and endochondreal bone growth.	Chlorides	107-115	protein kinase cGMP-dependent 2	Homo sapiens	75-80
19089330-6	2009	cGKII substrates are involved e.g. in chloride transport, sodium/proton transport and transcriptional regulation.	Chlorides	38-46	protein kinase cGMP-dependent 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
19007810-14	2009	The reduction of outward chloride transport could be related to the neurotoxic effects of Gd3+.	Chlorides	25-33	GRDX	Homo sapiens	90-93
19077666-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: Sodium-dependent and chloride-dependent gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter 1 (SLC6A1) is the target of a number of drugs of clinical importance and is a major determinant of synaptic GABA concentrations.	Chlorides	32-40	solute carrier family 6 member 1	Homo sapiens	97-103
19343169-1	2009	The Ste20-related protein proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) plays important roles in cellular functions such as cell differentiation and regulation of chloride transport, but its roles in pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation remain largely unknown.	Chlorides	152-160	serine/threonine kinase 39	Homo sapiens	4-53
19343169-1	2009	The Ste20-related protein proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) plays important roles in cellular functions such as cell differentiation and regulation of chloride transport, but its roles in pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation remain largely unknown.	Chlorides	152-160	serine/threonine kinase 39	Homo sapiens	55-59
19021774-0	2008	Residues affecting the chloride regulation and substrate selectivity of the angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE and ACE2) identified by site-directed mutagenesis.	Chlorides	23-31	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	108-111
19021774-0	2008	Residues affecting the chloride regulation and substrate selectivity of the angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE and ACE2) identified by site-directed mutagenesis.	Chlorides	23-31	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	116-120
19021774-2	2008	Both ACE and ACE2 have catalytic activity that is chloride sensitive and is caused by the presence of the CL1 and CL2 chloride-binding sites in ACE and the CL1 site in ACE2.	Chlorides	50-58	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	5-8
19021774-2	2008	Both ACE and ACE2 have catalytic activity that is chloride sensitive and is caused by the presence of the CL1 and CL2 chloride-binding sites in ACE and the CL1 site in ACE2.	Chlorides	50-58	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	13-17
19021774-2	2008	Both ACE and ACE2 have catalytic activity that is chloride sensitive and is caused by the presence of the CL1 and CL2 chloride-binding sites in ACE and the CL1 site in ACE2.	Chlorides	50-58	adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L1	Homo sapiens	106-109
19021774-2	2008	Both ACE and ACE2 have catalytic activity that is chloride sensitive and is caused by the presence of the CL1 and CL2 chloride-binding sites in ACE and the CL1 site in ACE2.	Chlorides	50-58	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	114-117
19021774-2	2008	Both ACE and ACE2 have catalytic activity that is chloride sensitive and is caused by the presence of the CL1 and CL2 chloride-binding sites in ACE and the CL1 site in ACE2.	Chlorides	50-58	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	13-16
19021774-2	2008	Both ACE and ACE2 have catalytic activity that is chloride sensitive and is caused by the presence of the CL1 and CL2 chloride-binding sites in ACE and the CL1 site in ACE2.	Chlorides	50-58	adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L1	Homo sapiens	156-159
19021774-2	2008	Both ACE and ACE2 have catalytic activity that is chloride sensitive and is caused by the presence of the CL1 and CL2 chloride-binding sites in ACE and the CL1 site in ACE2.	Chlorides	50-58	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	168-172
19021774-4	2008	Site-directed mutagenesis was employed to elucidate which of the CL1 and CL2 site residues are responsible for chloride sensitivity.	Chlorides	111-119	adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L1	Homo sapiens	65-68
19021774-4	2008	Site-directed mutagenesis was employed to elucidate which of the CL1 and CL2 site residues are responsible for chloride sensitivity.	Chlorides	111-119	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	73-76
19021774-5	2008	The CL1 site residues Arg186, Trp279 and Arg489 of testicular ACE and the equivalent ACE2 residues Arg169, Trp271 and Lys481 were found to be critical to chloride sensitivity.	Chlorides	154-162	adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L1	Homo sapiens	4-7
19021774-5	2008	The CL1 site residues Arg186, Trp279 and Arg489 of testicular ACE and the equivalent ACE2 residues Arg169, Trp271 and Lys481 were found to be critical to chloride sensitivity.	Chlorides	154-162	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	62-65
19021774-5	2008	The CL1 site residues Arg186, Trp279 and Arg489 of testicular ACE and the equivalent ACE2 residues Arg169, Trp271 and Lys481 were found to be critical to chloride sensitivity.	Chlorides	154-162	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	85-89
19021774-6	2008	Arg522 of testicular ACE was also confirmed to be vital to the chloride regulation mediated by the CL2 site.	Chlorides	63-71	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	21-24
19021774-6	2008	Arg522 of testicular ACE was also confirmed to be vital to the chloride regulation mediated by the CL2 site.	Chlorides	63-71	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	99-102
19021774-9	2008	Inhibition of ACE2 was also found to be chloride sensitive, as for testicular ACE, with residues Arg169 and Arg514 of ACE2 identified as influencing the potency of the ACE2-specific inhibitor MLN-4760.	Chlorides	40-48	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	14-18
19021774-9	2008	Inhibition of ACE2 was also found to be chloride sensitive, as for testicular ACE, with residues Arg169 and Arg514 of ACE2 identified as influencing the potency of the ACE2-specific inhibitor MLN-4760.	Chlorides	40-48	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	14-17
19021774-10	2008	Consequently, important insights into the chloride sensitivity, substrate selectivity and inhibition of testicular ACE and ACE2 were elucidated.	Chlorides	42-50	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	115-118
19021774-10	2008	Consequently, important insights into the chloride sensitivity, substrate selectivity and inhibition of testicular ACE and ACE2 were elucidated.	Chlorides	42-50	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	123-127
19343909-6	2009	The CSF showed a raise of cells number at 23 lymphocytic elements, proteins rose to 1.5 g/l, glucose and chloride were normal.	Chlorides	105-113	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	4-7
19004773-7	2008	Expression studies indicated that Slc26a9 can function as a chloride conductive pathway in oocytes as well as a Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger in cultured cells, and localization studies in parietal cells detected its presence in tubulovesicles.	Chlorides	60-68	solute carrier family 26, member 9	Mus musculus	34-41
19004773-8	2008	We propose that Slc26a9 plays an essential role in gastric acid secretion via effects on the viability of tubulovesicles/secretory canaliculi and by regulating chloride secretion in parietal cells.	Chlorides	160-168	solute carrier family 26, member 9	Mus musculus	16-23
18987185-3	2008	We have previously shown that Abeta upregulates a chloride current mediated by the chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) protein in microglia.	Chlorides	50-58	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	30-35
18801843-3	2008	We here study the role of the carboxy-terminal domain in modulating fast and slow gating of human ClC-2 channels, a ubiquitously expressed ClC-type chloride channel involved in transepithelial solute transport and in neuronal chloride homeostasis.	Chlorides	148-156	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	98-103
18801843-3	2008	We here study the role of the carboxy-terminal domain in modulating fast and slow gating of human ClC-2 channels, a ubiquitously expressed ClC-type chloride channel involved in transepithelial solute transport and in neuronal chloride homeostasis.	Chlorides	148-156	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	98-101
18801843-9	2008	ClC-2 is expressed in neurons and believed to open at negative potentials and increased internal chloride concentrations after intense synaptic activity.	Chlorides	97-105	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
18987185-3	2008	We have previously shown that Abeta upregulates a chloride current mediated by the chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) protein in microglia.	Chlorides	50-58	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	83-115
18987185-3	2008	We have previously shown that Abeta upregulates a chloride current mediated by the chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) protein in microglia.	Chlorides	50-58	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	117-122
18987185-4	2008	We now demonstrate that Abeta promotes the acute translocation of CLIC1 from the cytosol to the plasma membrane of microglia, where it mediates a chloride conductance.	Chlorides	146-154	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	24-29
18987185-4	2008	We now demonstrate that Abeta promotes the acute translocation of CLIC1 from the cytosol to the plasma membrane of microglia, where it mediates a chloride conductance.	Chlorides	146-154	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	66-71
18821752-3	2008	Of the X groups investigated in (salen)CrX, chloride is easily displaced by the others, that is, the reaction of (salen)CrCl with 2 equiv of N3(-), CN(-), or NCO(-) quantitatively provide (salen)Cr(N3)2(-), (salen)Cr(CN)2(-), and (salen)Cr(NCO)2(-), respectively.	Chlorides	44-52	cone-rod homeobox	Homo sapiens	39-42
18987185-5	2008	Both the Abeta induced Cl(-) conductance and ROS generation were prevented by pharmacological inhibition of CLIC1, by replacement of chloride with impermeant anions, by an anti-CLIC1 antibody and by suppression of CLIC1 expression using siRNA.	Chlorides	133-141	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	9-14
18987185-5	2008	Both the Abeta induced Cl(-) conductance and ROS generation were prevented by pharmacological inhibition of CLIC1, by replacement of chloride with impermeant anions, by an anti-CLIC1 antibody and by suppression of CLIC1 expression using siRNA.	Chlorides	133-141	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	108-113
18805957-0	2008	Lubiprostone activates non-CFTR-dependent respiratory epithelial chloride secretion in cystic fibrosis mice.	Chlorides	65-73	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	27-31
18971331-6	2008	Here, we report that the bicarbonate/chloride exchanger, solute carrier family 4, anion exchanger, member 2 (SLC4A2), is up-regulated during osteoclast differentiation.	Chlorides	37-45	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	57-107
18971331-6	2008	Here, we report that the bicarbonate/chloride exchanger, solute carrier family 4, anion exchanger, member 2 (SLC4A2), is up-regulated during osteoclast differentiation.	Chlorides	37-45	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	109-115
18784328-6	2008	Expression of claudins 6 and 9 resulted in an increased transepithelial resistance, decreased chloride permeability, and decreased P(Na)/P(Cl) and P(HCO3)/P(Cl).	Chlorides	94-102	claudin 6	Canis lupus familiaris	14-30
18784328-7	2008	These findings constitute the first characterization of the permeability characteristics of claudins 6 and 9 in a cell model and may explain why the neonatal proximal tubule has lower permeability to chloride and higher resistance than the adult proximal tubule.	Chlorides	200-208	claudin 6	Canis lupus familiaris	92-108
18805957-4	2008	We hypothesized that ClC-2 agonists would provide a parallel pathway for chloride secretion.	Chlorides	73-81	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	21-26
18805957-2	2008	In the absence of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), chloride secretion is diminished and sodium reabsorption exaggerated.	Chlorides	70-78	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	22-61
18805957-2	2008	In the absence of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), chloride secretion is diminished and sodium reabsorption exaggerated.	Chlorides	70-78	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	63-67
18817378-5	2008	The abstraction of a chloride ion, using [Ag(MeCN)4](PF6), from each copper site in [L(2)(CuCl2)2], affords the new complex, [L(2)(CuCl)2](PF6)2, in which the two copper(II) ions are separated by "N-P=N-P=N" phosphazene bridges.	Chlorides	21-29	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	53-56
18724360-5	2008	The biophysical properties as well as the pharmacological profile of ANO1 are in full agreement with native Ca(2+)-activated chloride currents.	Chlorides	125-133	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	69-73
18724360-7	2008	Furthermore, knockdown of mouse Ano1 markedly reduced native Ca(2+)-activated chloride currents as well as saliva production in mice.	Chlorides	78-86	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	32-36
18724360-8	2008	We conclude that ANO1 is a candidate Ca(2+)-activated chloride channel that mediates receptor-activated chloride currents in diverse physiological processes.	Chlorides	54-62	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	17-21
18985800-3	2008	SPAK is known to interact with inflammation-related kinases (such as p38, JNK, NKCC1, PKCtheta, WNK and MLCK), and with transcription factor AP-1, resulting in diverse biological phenomena, including cell differentiation, cell transformation and proliferation, cytoskeleton rearrangement, and regulation of chloride transport.	Chlorides	307-315	serine/threonine kinase 39	Homo sapiens	0-4
18772398-5	2008	Transfection of epithelial cells with specific small interfering RNA against each of these proteins shows that TMEM16A, a member of a family of putative plasma membrane proteins with unknown function, is associated with calcium-dependent chloride current, as measured with halide-sensitive fluorescent proteins, short-circuit current, and patch-clamp techniques.	Chlorides	238-246	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	111-118
18772206-1	2008	The furosemide-sensitive potassium-chloride cotransporter (KCC2) plays an important role in establishing the intracellular chloride concentration in many neurons within the central nervous system.	Chlorides	35-43	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	59-63
18772206-4	2008	Specifically, group I mGluRs signal via activation of a protein kinase C-dependent pathway to alter KCC2 activity, thereby altering the intracellular chloride concentration, and thus inhibitory synaptic input.	Chlorides	150-158	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	100-104
18772206-5	2008	This interaction between the glutamatergic and chloride transport systems highlights a novel homeostatic mechanism whereby ambient glutamate levels directly regulate the inhibitory synaptic tone by setting the activity level of KCC2.	Chlorides	47-55	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	228-232
18923035-1	2008	ClC-3 is an intracellular chloride transport protein known to reside on endosomes and synaptic vesicles.	Chlorides	26-34	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 3	Mus musculus	0-5
18776041-0	2008	Bestrophin-3 (vitelliform macular dystrophy 2-like 3 protein) is essential for the cGMP-dependent calcium-activated chloride conductance in vascular smooth muscle cells.	Chlorides	116-124	bestrophin 3	Homo sapiens	0-52
18788805-0	2008	Solubility of lysozyme in the presence of aqueous chloride salts: common-ion effect and its role on solubility and crystal thermodynamics.	Chlorides	50-64	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	14-22
18625303-1	2008	The neuron-specific potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) plays a crucial role, by controlling chloride extrusion, in the development and maintenance of inhibitory neurotransmission.	Chlorides	30-38	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	56-60
18506424-10	2008	Stimulation of NHE1-stimulated sodium ion uptake might also trigger uptake of chloride ions and osmotically obliged water.	Chlorides	78-86	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Homo sapiens	15-19
18818360-4	2008	Newborn pigs lacking CFTR exhibited defective chloride transport and developed meconium ileus, exocrine pancreatic destruction, and focal biliary cirrhosis, replicating abnormalities seen in newborn humans with CF.	Chlorides	46-54	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Sus scrofa	21-25
18802629-10	2008	Clustered solvation shells of acetonitrile molecules around XXXX and DDDD suggest their preorganization for spherical/planar and tetrahedral/bidentate anions, respectively, which in turn was corroborated by simulation of the corresponding complexes with chloride and dihydrogenphosphate.	Chlorides	254-262	single-pass membrane protein with aspartate rich tail 1	Homo sapiens	69-73
18640110-1	2008	In cystic fibrosis respiratory epithelial cells, the absence or dysfunction of the chloride channel CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator) results in reduced chloride ion transport.	Chlorides	83-91	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	100-104
18640110-1	2008	In cystic fibrosis respiratory epithelial cells, the absence or dysfunction of the chloride channel CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator) results in reduced chloride ion transport.	Chlorides	83-91	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	106-157
18817378-5	2008	The abstraction of a chloride ion, using [Ag(MeCN)4](PF6), from each copper site in [L(2)(CuCl2)2], affords the new complex, [L(2)(CuCl)2](PF6)2, in which the two copper(II) ions are separated by "N-P=N-P=N" phosphazene bridges.	Chlorides	21-29	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	139-142
18375516-6	2008	Moreover, crystallizing UOX in the presence of a large excess of chloride (NaCl) shows that one chloride ion goes at the same location as the oxygen.	Chlorides	65-73	urate oxidase (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	24-27
18650266-5	2008	Cif reduces the apical membrane abundance of CFTR, also an ABC transporter, and inhibits the CFTR-mediated chloride ion secretion by human airway and kidney epithelial cells.	Chlorides	107-115	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	93-97
18375516-6	2008	Moreover, crystallizing UOX in the presence of a large excess of chloride (NaCl) shows that one chloride ion goes at the same location as the oxygen.	Chlorides	96-104	urate oxidase (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	24-27
18973295-2	2008	A highly potent and selective GSK3 and Pim1 half-sandwich complex NP309 was successfully converted into a PAK1 inhibitor by making use of the large octahedral compounds Lambda-FL172 and Lambda-FL411 in which the cyclopentadienyl moiety of NP309 is replaced by a chloride and sterically demanding diimine ligands.	Chlorides	262-270	Pim-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	39-43
18973295-2	2008	A highly potent and selective GSK3 and Pim1 half-sandwich complex NP309 was successfully converted into a PAK1 inhibitor by making use of the large octahedral compounds Lambda-FL172 and Lambda-FL411 in which the cyclopentadienyl moiety of NP309 is replaced by a chloride and sterically demanding diimine ligands.	Chlorides	262-270	p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1	Homo sapiens	106-110
18713002-1	2008	The N and C domains of somatic angiotensin-converting enzyme (sACE) differ in terms of their substrate specificity, inhibitor profiling, chloride dependency and thermal stability.	Chlorides	137-145	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	31-60
18698849-8	2008	A similar selectivity of reaction and extent of thiol oxidation were also observed with myeloperoxidase in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions.	Chlorides	145-153	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	88-103
18728535-0	2008	A novel homozygous SLC26A3 nonsense mutation in a Tyrolean girl with congenital chloride diarrhea.	Chlorides	80-88	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	19-26
18499752-1	2008	Chloride permeability pathways and progesterone (P4) secretion elicited by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in human granulosa cells were studied by electrophysiological techniques and single-cell volume, membrane potential and Ca2+i measurements.	Chlorides	0-8	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	105-108
30290408-3	2008	SLC26A4 encodes pendrin, a sodium-independent transporter of iodide/chloride, chloride/formate and bicarbonate, that is expressed in the inner ear, thyroid gland, syncytiotrophoblast cells, endometrium and kidney.	Chlorides	68-76	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
30290408-3	2008	SLC26A4 encodes pendrin, a sodium-independent transporter of iodide/chloride, chloride/formate and bicarbonate, that is expressed in the inner ear, thyroid gland, syncytiotrophoblast cells, endometrium and kidney.	Chlorides	68-76	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	16-23
30290408-3	2008	SLC26A4 encodes pendrin, a sodium-independent transporter of iodide/chloride, chloride/formate and bicarbonate, that is expressed in the inner ear, thyroid gland, syncytiotrophoblast cells, endometrium and kidney.	Chlorides	78-87	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
30290408-3	2008	SLC26A4 encodes pendrin, a sodium-independent transporter of iodide/chloride, chloride/formate and bicarbonate, that is expressed in the inner ear, thyroid gland, syncytiotrophoblast cells, endometrium and kidney.	Chlorides	78-87	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	16-23
18574003-1	2008	Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) has attracted a great deal of attention in cystic fibrosis (CF) pathology due to its capacity to traffic DeltaF508-cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) to the cell membrane and restore CFTR chloride function at the plasma membrane of CF lung cells in vitro and in vivo.	Chlorides	244-252	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	200-204
18547995-0	2008	KCa3.1 potassium channels are critical for cAMP-dependent chloride secretion and cyst growth in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease.	Chlorides	58-66	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
18547995-5	2008	Net chloride secretion was enhanced by the KCa3.1 activator DCEBIO and both chloride secretion and in vitro cyst growth were inhibited by overexpression of myotubularin-related protein-6, a phosphatase that specifically inhibits KCa3.1 channel activity.	Chlorides	4-12	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	43-49
18547995-5	2008	Net chloride secretion was enhanced by the KCa3.1 activator DCEBIO and both chloride secretion and in vitro cyst growth were inhibited by overexpression of myotubularin-related protein-6, a phosphatase that specifically inhibits KCa3.1 channel activity.	Chlorides	4-12	myotubularin related protein 6	Homo sapiens	156-186
18547995-5	2008	Net chloride secretion was enhanced by the KCa3.1 activator DCEBIO and both chloride secretion and in vitro cyst growth were inhibited by overexpression of myotubularin-related protein-6, a phosphatase that specifically inhibits KCa3.1 channel activity.	Chlorides	4-12	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	229-235
18547995-5	2008	Net chloride secretion was enhanced by the KCa3.1 activator DCEBIO and both chloride secretion and in vitro cyst growth were inhibited by overexpression of myotubularin-related protein-6, a phosphatase that specifically inhibits KCa3.1 channel activity.	Chlorides	76-84	myotubularin related protein 6	Homo sapiens	156-186
18547995-5	2008	Net chloride secretion was enhanced by the KCa3.1 activator DCEBIO and both chloride secretion and in vitro cyst growth were inhibited by overexpression of myotubularin-related protein-6, a phosphatase that specifically inhibits KCa3.1 channel activity.	Chlorides	76-84	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	229-235
18547995-6	2008	Our study suggests that KCa3.1 channels play a critical role in transcellular chloride secretion and net fluid transport into the kidney cysts of patients with ADPKD by maintaining the electrochemical driving force for chloride efflux through apical chloride channels.	Chlorides	78-86	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	24-30
18769373-3	2008	These transporters include the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1, which mediates chloride influx, and various K-Cl cotransporters--such as KCC2 and KCC3-that extrude chloride.	Chlorides	76-84	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	54-59
18547995-6	2008	Our study suggests that KCa3.1 channels play a critical role in transcellular chloride secretion and net fluid transport into the kidney cysts of patients with ADPKD by maintaining the electrochemical driving force for chloride efflux through apical chloride channels.	Chlorides	219-227	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	24-30
18769373-3	2008	These transporters include the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1, which mediates chloride influx, and various K-Cl cotransporters--such as KCC2 and KCC3-that extrude chloride.	Chlorides	76-84	solute carrier family 12 member 6	Homo sapiens	143-147
18599742-0	2008	N2O5 oxidizes chloride to Cl2 in acidic atmospheric aerosol.	Chlorides	14-22	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	26-29
18769373-3	2008	These transporters include the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1, which mediates chloride influx, and various K-Cl cotransporters--such as KCC2 and KCC3-that extrude chloride.	Chlorides	161-169	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	54-59
18769373-3	2008	These transporters include the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1, which mediates chloride influx, and various K-Cl cotransporters--such as KCC2 and KCC3-that extrude chloride.	Chlorides	161-169	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	134-138
18769373-3	2008	These transporters include the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1, which mediates chloride influx, and various K-Cl cotransporters--such as KCC2 and KCC3-that extrude chloride.	Chlorides	161-169	solute carrier family 12 member 6	Homo sapiens	143-147
18769373-5	2008	Altered chloride homeostasis, resulting from mutation or dysfunction of NKCC1 and/or KCC2, causes neuronal hypoexcitability or hyperexcitability; such derangements have been implicated in the pathogenesis of seizures and neuropathic pain.	Chlorides	8-16	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	72-77
18769373-5	2008	Altered chloride homeostasis, resulting from mutation or dysfunction of NKCC1 and/or KCC2, causes neuronal hypoexcitability or hyperexcitability; such derangements have been implicated in the pathogenesis of seizures and neuropathic pain.	Chlorides	8-16	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	85-89
18606615-3	2008	Our data indicate that TAA chlorides and some other TAA derivatives serve as potent enhancers of SGI-monitored real-time PCR.	Chlorides	27-36	semenogelin 1	Homo sapiens	97-100
18759624-3	2008	The intracellular level of chloride ([Cl()](i)) in immature neonatal neurons, compared with mature adult neurons, is about 20-40 mM higher due to robust activity of the chloride-importing Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1, such that the binding of GABA to ligand-gated GABA(A) receptor-associated Cl() channels triggers Cl() efflux and depolarizing excitation.	Chlorides	27-35	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	211-216
18692402-3	2008	Pendred syndrome is caused by biallelic mutations in the SLC26A4 gene, which encodes pendrin, a transporter of chloride, bicarbonate and iodide.	Chlorides	111-119	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	57-64
18692402-3	2008	Pendred syndrome is caused by biallelic mutations in the SLC26A4 gene, which encodes pendrin, a transporter of chloride, bicarbonate and iodide.	Chlorides	111-119	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	85-92
18722008-6	2008	The primary outcome had three components: change in CFTR-mediated total chloride transport; proportion of patients who responded to treatment; and normalisation of chloride transport, as assessed by transepithelial nasal potential difference (PD) at baseline, at the end of each 14-day treatment course, and after 14 days without treatment.	Chlorides	72-80	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	52-56
18599742-2	2008	Although a number of mechanisms have been proposed for the conversion of particle-bound chloride (Cl-) to gas-phase Cl2, the detailed processes involved remain uncertain.	Chlorides	88-96	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	116-119
18599742-3	2008	Here, we show that reaction of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) with aerosol-phase chloride yields Cl2 at low pH (<2) and should constitute an important halogen activation pathway in the atmosphere.	Chlorides	78-86	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	94-97
18599605-1	2008	Substance P (SP) regulates important intestinal functions, such as mucosal permeability, motility, chloride secretion, and inflammation via the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R).	Chlorides	99-107	tachykinin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	167-172
18688484-8	2008	Chloride transport diminished significantly for the free lysine containing SAT, 2, when the lipid was altered from DOPC : DOPA to pure DOPC.	Chlorides	0-8	spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase family member 2	Homo sapiens	75-81
18599605-1	2008	Substance P (SP) regulates important intestinal functions, such as mucosal permeability, motility, chloride secretion, and inflammation via the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R).	Chlorides	99-107	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	0-11
18641331-7	2008	Hemopexin-null mice produced fewer antinuclear autoantibodies and had reduced deposits of immune complexes in the kidney after mercuric chloride treatment compared with wild-type mice.	Chlorides	136-144	hemopexin	Mus musculus	0-9
18599605-1	2008	Substance P (SP) regulates important intestinal functions, such as mucosal permeability, motility, chloride secretion, and inflammation via the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R).	Chlorides	99-107	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	13-15
18524541-4	2008	The switch from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing GABA(A)-ergic signaling is triggered through the developmental shift in the balance of chloride cotransporters that either increase (i.e. NKCC1) or decrease (i.e. KCC2) intracellular chloride.	Chlorides	135-143	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	186-191
18524541-4	2008	The switch from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing GABA(A)-ergic signaling is triggered through the developmental shift in the balance of chloride cotransporters that either increase (i.e. NKCC1) or decrease (i.e. KCC2) intracellular chloride.	Chlorides	135-143	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	211-215
18389279-6	2008	CFTR mutations that lead to defective chloride conductance are grouped together in class IV.	Chlorides	38-46	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
18331758-1	2008	The enzyme myeloperoxidase shows several unusual properties compared to other peroxidases, e.g. a red-shifted absorption spectrum and a peroxidase activity towards chloride.	Chlorides	164-172	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	11-26
18648499-1	2008	BACKGROUND: ClC-Kb and ClC-Ka are homologous chloride channels that facilitate chloride homeostasis in the kidney and inner ear.	Chlorides	45-53	chloride voltage-gated channel Kb	Homo sapiens	12-18
18641661-4	2008	This result indicates that ClC-0 is a "broken" Cl(-)/H(+) antiporter in which one of the conformational states has become leaky for chloride ions.	Chlorides	132-140	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	27-30
18550034-1	2008	NKCC1 and KCC2 are encoded by slc12 gene family and involved in the maintenance of intracellular chloride concentration which may be associated with epileptogenesis.	Chlorides	97-105	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	0-5
18550034-1	2008	NKCC1 and KCC2 are encoded by slc12 gene family and involved in the maintenance of intracellular chloride concentration which may be associated with epileptogenesis.	Chlorides	97-105	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	10-14
18688343-1	2008	Benzylic zinc reagents prepared by direct insertion of zinc to benzylic chlorides in the presence of LiCl undergo smooth cross-coupling reactions with aromatic chlorides, bromides and tosylates using Ni(acac)(2) and PPh(3) as a catalyst system.	Chlorides	72-81	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	216-222
18596173-4	2008	Here, we show in lesioned CA3 hippocampal neurons in vitro and in axotomized corticospinal neurons in vivo that posttraumatic downregulation of the neuron-specific K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 leads to intracellular chloride accumulation by the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1, resulting in GABA-induced [Ca2+](i) transients.	Chlorides	211-219	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	183-187
18596173-4	2008	Here, we show in lesioned CA3 hippocampal neurons in vitro and in axotomized corticospinal neurons in vivo that posttraumatic downregulation of the neuron-specific K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 leads to intracellular chloride accumulation by the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1, resulting in GABA-induced [Ca2+](i) transients.	Chlorides	211-219	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	263-268
18596173-4	2008	Here, we show in lesioned CA3 hippocampal neurons in vitro and in axotomized corticospinal neurons in vivo that posttraumatic downregulation of the neuron-specific K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 leads to intracellular chloride accumulation by the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1, resulting in GABA-induced [Ca2+](i) transients.	Chlorides	211-219	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	297-300
18184109-3	2008	We have recently demonstrated that overexpression of the PDZ protein NHERF1 (Na(+)/H(+)-exchanger regulatory factor 1) in CF airway cells induced both a redistribution of DeltaF508CFTR from the cytoplasm to the apical membrane and the PKA (protein kinase A)-dependent activation of DeltaF508CFTR-dependent chloride secretion.	Chlorides	306-314	SLC9A3 regulator 1	Homo sapiens	69-75
18510289-8	2008	The Cu(TIM) (2+) cations bridge the layers via the formation of two semicoordinate bonds to chloride ions at the edge of the [Cu 2Cl 2] (2+) excision sites of adjacent layers.	Chlorides	92-100	Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 5	Homo sapiens	7-10
18184109-3	2008	We have recently demonstrated that overexpression of the PDZ protein NHERF1 (Na(+)/H(+)-exchanger regulatory factor 1) in CF airway cells induced both a redistribution of DeltaF508CFTR from the cytoplasm to the apical membrane and the PKA (protein kinase A)-dependent activation of DeltaF508CFTR-dependent chloride secretion.	Chlorides	306-314	SLC9A3 regulator 1	Homo sapiens	77-117
18329299-0	2008	Reduced DIDS-sensitive chloride conductance in Ae1-/- mouse erythrocytes.	Chlorides	23-31	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	47-50
18296711-2	2008	Among the different lipoprotein classes, anti-atherogenic high-density lipoprotein (HDL) represents a major target for modification by hypochlorous acid (HOCl), generated from H2O2 by MPO in the presence of physiological chloride concentrations.	Chlorides	221-229	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	184-187
18399920-1	2008	The chloride effect on the photobleaching process of iodopsin, a chicken red-sensitive cone visual pigment, was studied in detail by time-resolved low-temperature spectroscopy at -40 degrees C to -10 degrees C. Decay-associated difference spectra obtained by kinetic analysis using the singular value decomposition method were composed of spectra of BL-iodopsin, lumiiodopsin, metaiodopsin I, metaiodopsin II and metaiodopsin III, essentially identical to those at room temperature.	Chlorides	4-12	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	53-61
18385427-1	2008	Cyst expansion in polycystic kidney disease (PKD) involves progressive fluid accumulation, which is believed to require chloride transport by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein.	Chlorides	120-128	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	146-197
18385427-1	2008	Cyst expansion in polycystic kidney disease (PKD) involves progressive fluid accumulation, which is believed to require chloride transport by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein.	Chlorides	120-128	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	199-203
18591423-2	2008	Voltage-dependent gating of the model Torpedo channel ClC-0 is modulated by intracellular and extracellular pH, possibly reflecting a mechanistic relationship with the chloride/proton coupling of CLC antiporters.	Chlorides	168-176	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	54-57
18591423-2	2008	Voltage-dependent gating of the model Torpedo channel ClC-0 is modulated by intracellular and extracellular pH, possibly reflecting a mechanistic relationship with the chloride/proton coupling of CLC antiporters.	Chlorides	168-176	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	196-199
18675374-7	2008	Once in the lysosome, apoL1 is targeted to the lysosomal membrane, where its colicin-like anionic pore-forming activity triggers an influx of chloride ions from the cytoplasm.	Chlorides	142-150	apolipoprotein L1	Homo sapiens	22-27
18523430-7	2008	Oxalate stimulates the uptake of chloride, water, and sodium by the proximal tubule through the exchange of oxalate for sulfate or chloride via the solute carrier SLC26A6.	Chlorides	33-41	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	163-170
18523430-7	2008	Oxalate stimulates the uptake of chloride, water, and sodium by the proximal tubule through the exchange of oxalate for sulfate or chloride via the solute carrier SLC26A6.	Chlorides	131-139	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	163-170
18472345-2	2008	The neuron-specific K-Cl cotransporter 2 (KCC2) is necessary for maintaining the low intracellular chloride concentration required for the hyperpolarizing actions of GABA.	Chlorides	99-107	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	20-40
18472345-2	2008	The neuron-specific K-Cl cotransporter 2 (KCC2) is necessary for maintaining the low intracellular chloride concentration required for the hyperpolarizing actions of GABA.	Chlorides	99-107	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	42-46
18550832-0	2008	Regulation of NKCC2 by a chloride-sensing mechanism involving the WNK3 and SPAK kinases.	Chlorides	25-33	solute carrier family 12 member 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	14-19
18550832-0	2008	Regulation of NKCC2 by a chloride-sensing mechanism involving the WNK3 and SPAK kinases.	Chlorides	25-33	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 3 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	66-70
18550832-0	2008	Regulation of NKCC2 by a chloride-sensing mechanism involving the WNK3 and SPAK kinases.	Chlorides	25-33	oxidative stress responsive kinase 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	75-79
18550832-3	2008	Here, we show that intracellular chloride depletion in Xenopus laevis oocytes, achieved by either coexpression of the K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 or low-chloride hypotonic stress, activates NKCC2 by promoting the phosphorylation of three highly conserved threonines (96, 101, and 111) in the amino terminus.	Chlorides	33-41	solute carrier family 12 member 5 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	137-141
18550832-3	2008	Here, we show that intracellular chloride depletion in Xenopus laevis oocytes, achieved by either coexpression of the K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 or low-chloride hypotonic stress, activates NKCC2 by promoting the phosphorylation of three highly conserved threonines (96, 101, and 111) in the amino terminus.	Chlorides	33-41	solute carrier family 12 member 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	186-191
18550832-3	2008	Here, we show that intracellular chloride depletion in Xenopus laevis oocytes, achieved by either coexpression of the K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 or low-chloride hypotonic stress, activates NKCC2 by promoting the phosphorylation of three highly conserved threonines (96, 101, and 111) in the amino terminus.	Chlorides	149-157	solute carrier family 12 member 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	186-191
18558355-2	2008	MPO produces a highly deleterious reactive oxygen species, the hypochlorous acid (HOCl), using hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and chloride ions as substrate.	Chlorides	128-136	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-3
18070079-0	2008	Activation of chloride secretion via proteinase-activated receptor 2 in a human eccrine sweat gland cell line--NCL-SG3.	Chlorides	14-22	F2R like trypsin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	37-68
18070079-0	2008	Activation of chloride secretion via proteinase-activated receptor 2 in a human eccrine sweat gland cell line--NCL-SG3.	Chlorides	14-22	nucleolin	Homo sapiens	111-114
18070079-1	2008	Proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) has been shown to elicit secretion in a variety of secretory epithelial cells by the transepithelial movement of chloride ions across the apical membrane.	Chlorides	153-161	F2R like trypsin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-31
18070079-1	2008	Proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) has been shown to elicit secretion in a variety of secretory epithelial cells by the transepithelial movement of chloride ions across the apical membrane.	Chlorides	153-161	F2R like trypsin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	33-38
18491997-0	2008	PDE5 inhibitors for cystic fibrosis: can they also enhance chloride transport?	Chlorides	59-67	phosphodiesterase 5A, cGMP-specific	Mus musculus	0-4
18491997-7	2008	They improved chloride transport in the DeltaF508CFTR model and had no effects in the CFTR knockout model.	Chlorides	14-22	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	49-53
18381286-1	2008	The sodium- and chloride-coupled gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter GAT-1 is essential for efficient synaptic transmission by this neurotransmitter.	Chlorides	16-24	solute carrier family 6 member 1	Homo sapiens	76-81
21202475-1	2008	In the title complex, [CoCl(2)(C(21)H(19)N(3))], the Co(II) atom is coordinated by one pyridine and two imine N atoms and by two chloride anions in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry.	Chlorides	129-137	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	53-59
18319256-4	2008	In the present study, we demonstrate that inhibition of CFTR expression under ER stress leads to reduced cAMP-activated chloride secretion in epithelial monolayers, an indication of diminished CFTR function.	Chlorides	120-128	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	56-60
18353901-8	2008	In addition, PRL markedly increased paracellular sodium permeability and the permeability ratio of sodium to chloride, which are indicators of the paracellular charge-selective property and are known to be associated with the enhanced paracellular calcium transport.	Chlorides	109-117	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
18430034-2	2008	In the present study we examined whether coincident pre- and postsynaptic activity can also modulate immature GABAergic synapses, where the Na+-K+-2Cl- (NKCC1) cotransporter maintains a relatively high level of intracellular chloride ([Cl-](i)).	Chlorides	225-233	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	153-158
18448640-5	2008	Data from NKCC1(-/-) and bumetanide-exposed neurons indicated that the depolarizing E(GABA) at the AIS is set by chloride uptake mediated by the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1.	Chlorides	113-121	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	10-15
18448640-5	2008	Data from NKCC1(-/-) and bumetanide-exposed neurons indicated that the depolarizing E(GABA) at the AIS is set by chloride uptake mediated by the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1.	Chlorides	113-121	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	168-173
18361503-9	2008	Using the reconstituted system, evidence was obtained that OAT1 operates as obligatory and electroneutral PAH (-)/dicarboxylate antiporter and contains a low-affinity chloride binding site that stimulates turnover.	Chlorides	167-175	solute carrier family 22 member 6	Rattus norvegicus	59-63
18308827-7	2008	When intracellular chloride was altered, the polarity of SP responses depended on the sign of the chloride driving force.	Chlorides	19-27	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	57-59
18308827-7	2008	When intracellular chloride was altered, the polarity of SP responses depended on the sign of the chloride driving force.	Chlorides	98-106	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	57-59
18308827-9	2008	These data indicate that SP increased a ClC-2-type chloride conductance in MSNs, acting through NK1 receptors.	Chlorides	51-59	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	25-27
18308827-9	2008	These data indicate that SP increased a ClC-2-type chloride conductance in MSNs, acting through NK1 receptors.	Chlorides	51-59	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	40-45
18308827-9	2008	These data indicate that SP increased a ClC-2-type chloride conductance in MSNs, acting through NK1 receptors.	Chlorides	51-59	tachykinin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	96-99
18324782-5	2008	The salt concentration and type dependencies of the mutants relative to wild-type IRF1 DBD provide evidence of charge neutralization by solution ions for R64 and by a salt bridge between D73 and K75 in buffer containing chloride or bromide salts.	Chlorides	220-228	interferon regulatory factor 1	Homo sapiens	82-86
19696944-1	2008	The effect of concentration, molar ratios of reagents, pH, and temperature on formation of chloro-organic products in reaction of tert-butyl ethers with chloride ions and hydrogen peroxide has been determined.	Chlorides	153-161	telomerase reverse transcriptase	Homo sapiens	130-134
18550832-5	2008	The chloride-sensitive activation of NKCC2 requires the interaction of two serine-threonine kinases, WNK3 (related to WNK1 and WNK4, genes mutated in a Mendelian form of hypertension) and SPAK (a Ste20-type kinase known to interact with and phosphorylate other CCCs).	Chlorides	4-12	solute carrier family 12 member 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	37-42
18550832-5	2008	The chloride-sensitive activation of NKCC2 requires the interaction of two serine-threonine kinases, WNK3 (related to WNK1 and WNK4, genes mutated in a Mendelian form of hypertension) and SPAK (a Ste20-type kinase known to interact with and phosphorylate other CCCs).	Chlorides	4-12	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 3 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	101-105
18550832-5	2008	The chloride-sensitive activation of NKCC2 requires the interaction of two serine-threonine kinases, WNK3 (related to WNK1 and WNK4, genes mutated in a Mendelian form of hypertension) and SPAK (a Ste20-type kinase known to interact with and phosphorylate other CCCs).	Chlorides	4-12	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	118-122
18550832-5	2008	The chloride-sensitive activation of NKCC2 requires the interaction of two serine-threonine kinases, WNK3 (related to WNK1 and WNK4, genes mutated in a Mendelian form of hypertension) and SPAK (a Ste20-type kinase known to interact with and phosphorylate other CCCs).	Chlorides	4-12	oxidative stress responsive kinase 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	188-192
18550832-8	2008	A catalytically inactive WNK3 mutant also completely prevents NKCC2 activation by intracellular chloride depletion.	Chlorides	96-104	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 3 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	25-29
18550832-8	2008	A catalytically inactive WNK3 mutant also completely prevents NKCC2 activation by intracellular chloride depletion.	Chlorides	96-104	solute carrier family 12 member 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	62-67
18550832-9	2008	Together these data reveal a chloride-sensing mechanism that regulates NKCC2 and provide insight into how increases in the level of intracellular chloride in TAL cells, as seen in certain pathological states, could drastically impair renal salt reabsorption.	Chlorides	29-37	solute carrier family 12 member 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	71-76
18550832-9	2008	Together these data reveal a chloride-sensing mechanism that regulates NKCC2 and provide insight into how increases in the level of intracellular chloride in TAL cells, as seen in certain pathological states, could drastically impair renal salt reabsorption.	Chlorides	146-154	solute carrier family 12 member 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	71-76
18457921-10	2008	Reduction in KCC2 expression was shown to lead to increases in intracellular chloride concentration and, in such condition, GABA binding to GABA(A) receptor induces membrane depolarization, provoking neuronal excitation rather than inhibition.	Chlorides	77-85	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	13-17
18449189-0	2008	The Cl-/H+ antiporter ClC-7 is the primary chloride permeation pathway in lysosomes.	Chlorides	43-51	chloride voltage-gated channel 7	Homo sapiens	22-27
18461939-0	2008	Electron dynamics in charge-transfer-to-solvent states of aqueous chloride revealed by Cl- 2p resonant Auger-electron spectroscopy.	Chlorides	66-74	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	87-93
18385283-7	2008	Furthermore, the dual activation of CFTR and KCa channels by apical adenosine resulted in a mixed secretion of chloride and bicarbonate, which may alter the anion composition in the secretion induced by secretagogues that elicit extracellular ATP/adenosine release.	Chlorides	111-119	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	36-40
18322271-5	2008	The channels underlying the chloride secretory response were identified as Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels and CFTR.	Chlorides	28-36	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Bos taurus	111-115
18313341-1	2008	Myotonia congenita (MC) is a rare disorder of skeletal muscle caused by mutations in the CLCN1 gene,(1,2) which encodes the chloride ion channel found in the t-tubule of skeletal muscle.	Chlorides	124-132	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	89-94
18353929-1	2008	Chloride anion is essential for myeloperoxidase (MPO) to produce hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs).	Chlorides	0-14	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	49-52
18353929-8	2008	We previously reported that neutrophils from CF patients are defective in chlorination of ingested bacteria, suggesting that the chloride channel defect might impair the MPO-hydrogen peroxide-chloride microbicidal function.	Chlorides	129-137	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	170-173
18500393-6	2008	The neuronal chloride concentration is increased by Na+-K+-Cl(-)-Cl(-) cotransporters 1 (NKCC1), and decreased by K+-Cl(-) cotransporter 2 (KCC2).	Chlorides	13-21	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	52-87
18500393-6	2008	The neuronal chloride concentration is increased by Na+-K+-Cl(-)-Cl(-) cotransporters 1 (NKCC1), and decreased by K+-Cl(-) cotransporter 2 (KCC2).	Chlorides	13-21	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	89-94
18500393-6	2008	The neuronal chloride concentration is increased by Na+-K+-Cl(-)-Cl(-) cotransporters 1 (NKCC1), and decreased by K+-Cl(-) cotransporter 2 (KCC2).	Chlorides	13-21	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	114-138
18500393-6	2008	The neuronal chloride concentration is increased by Na+-K+-Cl(-)-Cl(-) cotransporters 1 (NKCC1), and decreased by K+-Cl(-) cotransporter 2 (KCC2).	Chlorides	13-21	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	140-144
18319251-1	2008	Anion exchanger 2 (AE2, SLC4A2) is a ubiquitously expressed membrane solute carrier that regulates intracellular pH (pH(i)) by exchanging cytosolic bicarbonate for extracellular chloride.	Chlorides	178-186	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	0-17
18319251-1	2008	Anion exchanger 2 (AE2, SLC4A2) is a ubiquitously expressed membrane solute carrier that regulates intracellular pH (pH(i)) by exchanging cytosolic bicarbonate for extracellular chloride.	Chlorides	178-186	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	19-22
18319251-1	2008	Anion exchanger 2 (AE2, SLC4A2) is a ubiquitously expressed membrane solute carrier that regulates intracellular pH (pH(i)) by exchanging cytosolic bicarbonate for extracellular chloride.	Chlorides	178-186	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	24-30
18319251-1	2008	Anion exchanger 2 (AE2, SLC4A2) is a ubiquitously expressed membrane solute carrier that regulates intracellular pH (pH(i)) by exchanging cytosolic bicarbonate for extracellular chloride.	Chlorides	178-186	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	117-122
18279963-1	2008	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a dominating enzyme of circulating polymorphonuclear neutrophils that catalyzes the two-electron oxidation of chloride, thereby producing the strong halogenating agent hypochlorous acid (ClO(-)/HOCl).	Chlorides	135-143	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
18279963-1	2008	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a dominating enzyme of circulating polymorphonuclear neutrophils that catalyzes the two-electron oxidation of chloride, thereby producing the strong halogenating agent hypochlorous acid (ClO(-)/HOCl).	Chlorides	135-143	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	17-20
18420229-12	2008	Blockade of excessive NKCC1 by the diuretic bumetanide restores intracellular chloride and thus hyperpolarizing GABAergic actions, suppressing interictal activity.	Chlorides	78-86	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	22-27
18279680-0	2008	Potential role of tryptophan and chloride in the inhibition of human myeloperoxidase.	Chlorides	33-41	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	69-84
18279680-1	2008	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) binds H2O2 in the absence and presence of chloride (Cl-) and catalyzes the formation of potent oxidants through 1e(-) and 2e(-) oxidation pathways.	Chlorides	64-72	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
18279680-1	2008	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) binds H2O2 in the absence and presence of chloride (Cl-) and catalyzes the formation of potent oxidants through 1e(-) and 2e(-) oxidation pathways.	Chlorides	64-72	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	17-20
18327942-1	2008	The zirconium imido complex Cp2(THF)Zr=NSi(t-Bu)Me2 (1) reacts with allylic ethers, chlorides, and bromides to give exclusively the products of the SN2" reaction; i.e., attack at the allylic position remote from the leaving group with migration of the double bond.	Chlorides	84-93	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	28-31
17968537-0	2008	Time resolved secretion of chloride from a monolayer of mucin-secreting epithelial cells.	Chlorides	27-35	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	56-61
18399920-1	2008	The chloride effect on the photobleaching process of iodopsin, a chicken red-sensitive cone visual pigment, was studied in detail by time-resolved low-temperature spectroscopy at -40 degrees C to -10 degrees C. Decay-associated difference spectra obtained by kinetic analysis using the singular value decomposition method were composed of spectra of BL-iodopsin, lumiiodopsin, metaiodopsin I, metaiodopsin II and metaiodopsin III, essentially identical to those at room temperature.	Chlorides	4-12	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	353-361
21136859-4	2008	Ca(2+ ) can be induced by H. pylori and interact with annexin A4 Ca(2+) binding site to block the calmodulin-activated chloride conductance activation; therefore, it produces a new environment that benefits the malignant existence of H. pylori and raises the risk for gastric cancer.	Chlorides	119-127	annexin A4	Homo sapiens	54-64
18006891-11	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide preclinical evidence that both drugs stimulate chloride transport activity of F508del-CFTR protein.	Chlorides	80-88	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	119-123
18216024-0	2008	Congenital chloride-losing diarrhea causing mutations in the STAS domain result in misfolding and mistrafficking of SLC26A3.	Chlorides	11-19	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	116-123
18284212-1	2008	A mechanistic study of the essential allosteric activation of human pancreatic alpha-amylase by chloride ion has been conducted by exploring a wide range of anion substitutions through kinetic and structural experiments.	Chlorides	96-104	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	68-92
18284212-3	2008	These data and subsequent structural studies attest to the remarkable plasticity of the chloride binding site, even though earlier structural studies of wild-type human pancreatic alpha-amylase suggested this site would likely be restricted to chloride binding.	Chlorides	88-96	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	169-193
18284212-3	2008	These data and subsequent structural studies attest to the remarkable plasticity of the chloride binding site, even though earlier structural studies of wild-type human pancreatic alpha-amylase suggested this site would likely be restricted to chloride binding.	Chlorides	244-252	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	169-193
18284212-12	2008	In a completely unexpected turn of events, structural studies show that in azide-bound human pancreatic alpha-amylase, the normally resident chloride ion is retained in its binding site and an azide anion is found bound in an embedded side pocket in the substrate binding cleft.	Chlorides	141-149	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	93-117
18310129-0	2008	The role of SLC26A6-mediated chloride/oxalate exchange in causing susceptibility to nephrolithiasis.	Chlorides	29-37	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	12-19
17941824-1	2008	The human chloride/bicarbonate AE1 (anion exchanger) is a dimeric glycoprotein expressed in the red blood cell membrane,and expressed as an N-terminal (Delta1-65) truncated form, kAE1(kidney AE1), in the basolateral membrane of alpha-intercalated cells in the distal nephron.	Chlorides	10-18	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	31-34
17941824-1	2008	The human chloride/bicarbonate AE1 (anion exchanger) is a dimeric glycoprotein expressed in the red blood cell membrane,and expressed as an N-terminal (Delta1-65) truncated form, kAE1(kidney AE1), in the basolateral membrane of alpha-intercalated cells in the distal nephron.	Chlorides	10-18	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	180-183
17941824-1	2008	The human chloride/bicarbonate AE1 (anion exchanger) is a dimeric glycoprotein expressed in the red blood cell membrane,and expressed as an N-terminal (Delta1-65) truncated form, kAE1(kidney AE1), in the basolateral membrane of alpha-intercalated cells in the distal nephron.	Chlorides	10-18	O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase	Homo sapiens	179-183
18237195-4	2008	In the presence of chloride (Cl-), melatonin inactivated MPO at two points in the classic peroxidase cycle through binding to MPO to form an inactive complex, melatonin-MPO-Cl, and accelerating MPO compound II formation, an inactive form of MPO.	Chlorides	19-27	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	57-60
18270262-4	2008	Activation of the WNK1-SPAK/OSR1 signalling pathway by treatment of HEK293 or mpkDCT kidney distal-convoluted-tubule-derived cells with hypotonic low-chloride conditions induced phosphorylation of NCC at residues phosphorylated by SPAK/OSR1.	Chlorides	150-158	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
18270262-4	2008	Activation of the WNK1-SPAK/OSR1 signalling pathway by treatment of HEK293 or mpkDCT kidney distal-convoluted-tubule-derived cells with hypotonic low-chloride conditions induced phosphorylation of NCC at residues phosphorylated by SPAK/OSR1.	Chlorides	150-158	serine/threonine kinase 39	Homo sapiens	23-27
18270262-4	2008	Activation of the WNK1-SPAK/OSR1 signalling pathway by treatment of HEK293 or mpkDCT kidney distal-convoluted-tubule-derived cells with hypotonic low-chloride conditions induced phosphorylation of NCC at residues phosphorylated by SPAK/OSR1.	Chlorides	150-158	odd-skipped related transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	28-32
18270262-4	2008	Activation of the WNK1-SPAK/OSR1 signalling pathway by treatment of HEK293 or mpkDCT kidney distal-convoluted-tubule-derived cells with hypotonic low-chloride conditions induced phosphorylation of NCC at residues phosphorylated by SPAK/OSR1.	Chlorides	150-158	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	197-200
18270262-4	2008	Activation of the WNK1-SPAK/OSR1 signalling pathway by treatment of HEK293 or mpkDCT kidney distal-convoluted-tubule-derived cells with hypotonic low-chloride conditions induced phosphorylation of NCC at residues phosphorylated by SPAK/OSR1.	Chlorides	150-158	serine/threonine kinase 39	Homo sapiens	231-235
18270262-4	2008	Activation of the WNK1-SPAK/OSR1 signalling pathway by treatment of HEK293 or mpkDCT kidney distal-convoluted-tubule-derived cells with hypotonic low-chloride conditions induced phosphorylation of NCC at residues phosphorylated by SPAK/OSR1.	Chlorides	150-158	odd-skipped related transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	236-240
18270262-6	2008	Mutation of Thr60 to Ala in NCC markedly inhibited phosphorylation of Thr46 and Thr55 as well as NCC activation induced by hypotonic low-chloride treatment of HEK293 cells.	Chlorides	137-145	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	28-31
18270262-6	2008	Mutation of Thr60 to Ala in NCC markedly inhibited phosphorylation of Thr46 and Thr55 as well as NCC activation induced by hypotonic low-chloride treatment of HEK293 cells.	Chlorides	137-145	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	97-100
18237195-4	2008	In the presence of chloride (Cl-), melatonin inactivated MPO at two points in the classic peroxidase cycle through binding to MPO to form an inactive complex, melatonin-MPO-Cl, and accelerating MPO compound II formation, an inactive form of MPO.	Chlorides	19-27	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	126-129
18237195-4	2008	In the presence of chloride (Cl-), melatonin inactivated MPO at two points in the classic peroxidase cycle through binding to MPO to form an inactive complex, melatonin-MPO-Cl, and accelerating MPO compound II formation, an inactive form of MPO.	Chlorides	19-27	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	126-129
18237195-4	2008	In the presence of chloride (Cl-), melatonin inactivated MPO at two points in the classic peroxidase cycle through binding to MPO to form an inactive complex, melatonin-MPO-Cl, and accelerating MPO compound II formation, an inactive form of MPO.	Chlorides	19-27	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	126-129
18220377-1	2008	Several complexes of fluorine-substituted phthallic acid anhydrides with chloride anion have been optimized at the RI-MP2(full)/6-31++G** level of theory.	Chlorides	73-87	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	118-121
18237195-4	2008	In the presence of chloride (Cl-), melatonin inactivated MPO at two points in the classic peroxidase cycle through binding to MPO to form an inactive complex, melatonin-MPO-Cl, and accelerating MPO compound II formation, an inactive form of MPO.	Chlorides	19-27	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	126-129
18197691-6	2008	These nanoporous PtPb electrodes are also highly resistant toward poisoning by chloride ions and capable of sensing glucose amperometrically at a very low potential, -80 mV (Ag/AgCl), where the interference from the oxidation of common interfering species such as ascorbic acid, acetamidophenol, and uric acid is effectively avoided.	Chlorides	79-87	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type B	Homo sapiens	17-21
18067855-0	2008	Chloride ions control the G1/S cell-cycle checkpoint by regulating the expression of p21 through a p53-independent pathway in human gastric cancer cells.	Chlorides	0-8	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	85-88
18067855-0	2008	Chloride ions control the G1/S cell-cycle checkpoint by regulating the expression of p21 through a p53-independent pathway in human gastric cancer cells.	Chlorides	0-8	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	99-102
18067855-5	2008	These observations indicate that chloride ions play important roles in cell-cycle progression by regulating the expression of p21 through a p53-independent pathway in human gastric cancer cells, leading to a novel, unique therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer treatment via control of [Cl(-)](i).	Chlorides	33-41	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	126-129
18067855-5	2008	These observations indicate that chloride ions play important roles in cell-cycle progression by regulating the expression of p21 through a p53-independent pathway in human gastric cancer cells, leading to a novel, unique therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer treatment via control of [Cl(-)](i).	Chlorides	33-41	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	140-143
18171054-1	2008	Analytically pure chloride and bromide salts of two different cyclic triphosphenium cations are prepared by the reaction of PX3 (X=Cl, Br) in the presence of the halogen-scavenging reagent cyclohexene.	Chlorides	18-26	pannexin 3	Homo sapiens	124-127
18032480-0	2008	EGF receptor transactivation and MAP kinase mediate proteinase-activated receptor-2-induced chloride secretion in intestinal epithelial cells.	Chlorides	92-100	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	0-12
17918265-1	2008	OBJECTIVES: High levels of expression of the Na+-K+-2Cl- (NKCC1) cotransporter in immature neurons cause the accumulation of intracellular chloride and, therefore, a depolarized Cl- equilibrium potential (E(Cl)).	Chlorides	139-147	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	58-63
18047834-4	2008	Inhibition of CFTR chloride transport activity by using glibenclamide (50muM, 24h) or CFTR(inh)-172 (5muM, 24h), resulted in the down-regulation of CISD1 mRNA, and CFTR stimulation with cAMP/isoproterenol/IBMX upregulated its expression.	Chlorides	19-27	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	14-18
18157715-1	2008	This article presents the results of mass concentration of major acidic anions (chlorides, nitrates and sulphates) in TSP and PM(10) particle fraction in Zagreb air measured continuously at one measuring site in 2004.	Chlorides	80-89	thrombospondin 1	Homo sapiens	118-121
18213585-4	2008	Recently, it was demonstrated that Mbnl1-deficient mice have characteristic features of human DM, including myotonia and defective chloride channel expression.	Chlorides	131-139	muscleblind like splicing factor 1	Mus musculus	35-40
17522628-4	2008	Moreover, endogenously elevating the glycine concentration with the GlyT1 antagonists facilitated NMDA receptor-dependent long-term potentiation induction, and elicited a strychnine-sensitive chloride current.	Chlorides	192-200	solute carrier family 6 member 9	Homo sapiens	68-73
18047834-4	2008	Inhibition of CFTR chloride transport activity by using glibenclamide (50muM, 24h) or CFTR(inh)-172 (5muM, 24h), resulted in the down-regulation of CISD1 mRNA, and CFTR stimulation with cAMP/isoproterenol/IBMX upregulated its expression.	Chlorides	19-27	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	86-90
18047834-4	2008	Inhibition of CFTR chloride transport activity by using glibenclamide (50muM, 24h) or CFTR(inh)-172 (5muM, 24h), resulted in the down-regulation of CISD1 mRNA, and CFTR stimulation with cAMP/isoproterenol/IBMX upregulated its expression.	Chlorides	19-27	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	148-153
18047834-4	2008	Inhibition of CFTR chloride transport activity by using glibenclamide (50muM, 24h) or CFTR(inh)-172 (5muM, 24h), resulted in the down-regulation of CISD1 mRNA, and CFTR stimulation with cAMP/isoproterenol/IBMX upregulated its expression.	Chlorides	19-27	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	86-90
17932045-11	2008	Importantly, decreased trafficking of CFTR had a functional consequence as cells depleted of beta-COP showed decreased cAMP-activated chloride currents.	Chlorides	134-142	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	38-42
17932045-11	2008	Importantly, decreased trafficking of CFTR had a functional consequence as cells depleted of beta-COP showed decreased cAMP-activated chloride currents.	Chlorides	134-142	COPI coat complex subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	93-101
19185184-2	2008	Myotonia congenita is a specific inherited disorder of muscle membrane hyperexcitability caused by reduced sarcolemmal chloride conductance due to mutations in CLCN1, the gene coding for the main skeletal muscle chloride channel ClC-1.	Chlorides	119-127	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	160-165
17983594-5	2008	When a chloride conductance was activated by swelling, its inhibition by either 50 microM NPPB or removing external chloride, depolarised the plasma membrane potential to +26 mV +/- 3.1 (n=4) and +40 +/- 1 mV (n=4), respectively.	Chlorides	7-15	natriuretic peptide B	Homo sapiens	90-94
19185184-2	2008	Myotonia congenita is a specific inherited disorder of muscle membrane hyperexcitability caused by reduced sarcolemmal chloride conductance due to mutations in CLCN1, the gene coding for the main skeletal muscle chloride channel ClC-1.	Chlorides	212-220	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	160-165
18046080-2	2008	The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of Slc26a6 deletion on the apical Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) in the straight segment (S3) of the proximal tubule, which is the major site for the reabsorption of filtered chloride in the kidney.	Chlorides	229-237	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	113-117
19197392-3	2008	In this report, we present the complexation reactions of 3-ethoxycarbonyl tetronic acids with acetates and chlorides of Cu(II) and Co(II).	Chlorides	107-116	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	131-137
18324655-1	2008	A series of technically and economically important element chlorides-such as SiCl4, BCl3, AlCl3, FeCl2, PCl3 and TiCl4-was synthesized through reactions between hydrogen chloride and the corresponding element oxides in the presence of different carbon sources with microwave assistance.	Chlorides	59-68	BCL3 transcription coactivator	Homo sapiens	84-88
17949820-7	2008	This post-synaptic action depends on the intracellular concentration of chloride ions ([Cl(-)](i)) which is regulated by a protein in the plasma membrane: the K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter (KCC2) extruding both K(+) and Cl(-) ions.	Chlorides	72-80	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	159-189
18209474-1	2008	The CFTR protein, encoded by the gene whose mutations induce Cystic Fibrosis, is an anion channel devoted mainly to chloride and bicarbonate transmembrane transport, but which also regulates transport of several other ions.	Chlorides	116-124	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-8
18324655-1	2008	A series of technically and economically important element chlorides-such as SiCl4, BCl3, AlCl3, FeCl2, PCl3 and TiCl4-was synthesized through reactions between hydrogen chloride and the corresponding element oxides in the presence of different carbon sources with microwave assistance.	Chlorides	59-68	PHD finger protein 19	Homo sapiens	104-108
17981772-8	2008	About 12% of transcript corresponding to deleted allele was detected, while 60% of the electroporated cells completely lost any measurable CFTR-dependent chloride efflux.	Chlorides	154-162	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	139-143
18307107-9	2008	Other CLC proteins localize mainly to the endosomal-lysosomal system where they may facilitate luminal acidification or regulate luminal chloride concentration.	Chlorides	137-145	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	6-9
18090665-4	2008	In type B and non-A, non-B intercalated cells chloride absorption and HCO3- secretion are accomplished through the apical sodium-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchanger pendrin.	Chlorides	46-54	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	161-168
18090665-6	2008	In the absence of functional pendrin (Slc26a4 (-/-) mice), aldosterone-stimulated chloride absorption is reduced, which attenuates the blood pressure response to this steroid hormone.	Chlorides	82-90	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	38-45
18090665-9	2008	SUMMARY: Aldosterone and angiotensin II modulate the renal regulation of blood pressure, in part, by regulating pendrin-mediated chloride absorption and the epithelial sodium channel-mediated sodium absorption.	Chlorides	129-137	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	112-119
17620322-2	2008	In particular, ClC-2 has been implicated in the regulation of neuronal chloride ion homeostasis and mutations in ClC-2 are associated with idiopathic generalized epilepsy.	Chlorides	71-79	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	15-20
23105721-0	2008	Effect of chloride and diamide on sheep kidney, lung and serum angiotensin converting enzyme.	Chlorides	10-18	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Ovis aries	63-92
23105721-1	2008	The effect of chloride and diamide on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity from sheep kidney, lung and serum was investigated by using Hip-His-Leu as substrate.	Chlorides	14-22	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Ovis aries	38-67
23105721-1	2008	The effect of chloride and diamide on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity from sheep kidney, lung and serum was investigated by using Hip-His-Leu as substrate.	Chlorides	14-22	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Ovis aries	69-72
23105721-3	2008	Optimum chloride concentration increased ACE activity of serum and lung 1.70 folds and 2.73 folds respectively of the activity at physiological chloride concentrations, suggesting that the effect of salt on blood pressure may be due to the chloride sensitivity of ACE.	Chlorides	8-16	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Ovis aries	41-44
23105721-3	2008	Optimum chloride concentration increased ACE activity of serum and lung 1.70 folds and 2.73 folds respectively of the activity at physiological chloride concentrations, suggesting that the effect of salt on blood pressure may be due to the chloride sensitivity of ACE.	Chlorides	8-16	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Ovis aries	264-267
23105721-3	2008	Optimum chloride concentration increased ACE activity of serum and lung 1.70 folds and 2.73 folds respectively of the activity at physiological chloride concentrations, suggesting that the effect of salt on blood pressure may be due to the chloride sensitivity of ACE.	Chlorides	144-152	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Ovis aries	41-44
23105721-3	2008	Optimum chloride concentration increased ACE activity of serum and lung 1.70 folds and 2.73 folds respectively of the activity at physiological chloride concentrations, suggesting that the effect of salt on blood pressure may be due to the chloride sensitivity of ACE.	Chlorides	144-152	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Ovis aries	264-267
23105721-3	2008	Optimum chloride concentration increased ACE activity of serum and lung 1.70 folds and 2.73 folds respectively of the activity at physiological chloride concentrations, suggesting that the effect of salt on blood pressure may be due to the chloride sensitivity of ACE.	Chlorides	144-152	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Ovis aries	41-44
23105721-3	2008	Optimum chloride concentration increased ACE activity of serum and lung 1.70 folds and 2.73 folds respectively of the activity at physiological chloride concentrations, suggesting that the effect of salt on blood pressure may be due to the chloride sensitivity of ACE.	Chlorides	144-152	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Ovis aries	264-267
23105721-4	2008	The difference in effect of chloride on lung, kidney and serum ACE suggest that each tissue ACE has unique three dimentional structure.	Chlorides	28-36	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Ovis aries	63-66
23105721-4	2008	The difference in effect of chloride on lung, kidney and serum ACE suggest that each tissue ACE has unique three dimentional structure.	Chlorides	28-36	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Ovis aries	92-95
18178635-5	2008	14 individuals exhibited some chloride conductance in the airways and/or in the intestine which was identified by the differential response to cAMP and DIDS as being caused by CFTR or at least two other chloride conductances.	Chlorides	30-38	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	176-180
18032793-2	2008	Arginine vasopressin (AVP) V2 receptor antagonists inhibit cystogenesis in animal models of cystic kidney diseases, presumably by downregulating cAMP signaling, cell proliferation, and chloride-driven fluid secretion.	Chlorides	185-193	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	9-20
18032793-2	2008	Arginine vasopressin (AVP) V2 receptor antagonists inhibit cystogenesis in animal models of cystic kidney diseases, presumably by downregulating cAMP signaling, cell proliferation, and chloride-driven fluid secretion.	Chlorides	185-193	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
18096599-0	2008	NKCC1 cotransporter inactivation underlies embryonic development of chloride-mediated inhibition in mouse spinal motoneuron.	Chlorides	68-76	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	0-5
18096599-1	2008	Early in development, GABA and glycine exert excitatory action that turns to inhibition due to modification of the chloride equilibrium potential (E(Cl)) controlled by the KCC2 and NKCC1 transporters.	Chlorides	115-123	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	172-176
18096599-1	2008	Early in development, GABA and glycine exert excitatory action that turns to inhibition due to modification of the chloride equilibrium potential (E(Cl)) controlled by the KCC2 and NKCC1 transporters.	Chlorides	115-123	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	181-186
17763866-0	2008	Sodium and chloride absorptive defects in the small intestine in Slc26a6 null mice.	Chlorides	11-19	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	65-72
18094726-7	2008	ClCKB is a key determinant of tubular reabsorption of chloride and electrolytes along the distal tubule.	Chlorides	54-62	chloride voltage-gated channel Kb	Homo sapiens	0-5
17690931-3	2008	Ovalocytosis and dRTA may co-exist in the same patient, since both can originate in mutations of the anion-exchanger 1 (AE1) gene, which codes for band 3, the bicarbonate/chloride exchanger, present in both the red cell membrane and the basolateral membrane of the collecting tubule alpha-intercalated cell.	Chlorides	171-179	rta	Drosophila melanogaster	17-21
17690931-3	2008	Ovalocytosis and dRTA may co-exist in the same patient, since both can originate in mutations of the anion-exchanger 1 (AE1) gene, which codes for band 3, the bicarbonate/chloride exchanger, present in both the red cell membrane and the basolateral membrane of the collecting tubule alpha-intercalated cell.	Chlorides	171-179	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	101-118
17690931-3	2008	Ovalocytosis and dRTA may co-exist in the same patient, since both can originate in mutations of the anion-exchanger 1 (AE1) gene, which codes for band 3, the bicarbonate/chloride exchanger, present in both the red cell membrane and the basolateral membrane of the collecting tubule alpha-intercalated cell.	Chlorides	171-179	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	120-123
17641299-9	2007	We show for the first time a GFP-CFTR chimera that localized to the apical surface of human airway epithelia and restored epithelial chloride transport to similar levels as nontagged CFTR.	Chlorides	133-141	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	33-37
18022401-2	2007	It is due to mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene encoding the CFTR protein, which is a chloride (Cl(-)) channel.	Chlorides	132-140	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	30-81
18022401-2	2007	It is due to mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene encoding the CFTR protein, which is a chloride (Cl(-)) channel.	Chlorides	132-140	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	83-87
18022401-2	2007	It is due to mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene encoding the CFTR protein, which is a chloride (Cl(-)) channel.	Chlorides	132-140	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	107-111
18230544-1	2007	Induction of ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) proteins involved in chloride transport has been proposed as a possible mechanism of the beneficial effects of azithromycin (AZM) in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients.	Chlorides	61-69	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group)	Homo sapiens	13-33
18230544-1	2007	Induction of ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) proteins involved in chloride transport has been proposed as a possible mechanism of the beneficial effects of azithromycin (AZM) in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients.	Chlorides	61-69	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group)	Homo sapiens	35-38
17767918-1	2007	ClC-K chloride channels belong to the CLC chloride channel family and play an important role in transepithelial chloride transport in the kidney.	Chlorides	6-14	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	0-3
17767918-1	2007	ClC-K chloride channels belong to the CLC chloride channel family and play an important role in transepithelial chloride transport in the kidney.	Chlorides	6-14	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	38-41
17954289-1	2007	BACKGROUND: The relationship between SLC12A3 mutations and actual sodium-chloride (Na-Cl) cotransporter (NCC) expression in patients with Gitelman syndrome (GS) was rarely evaluated.	Chlorides	73-81	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	37-44
17954289-1	2007	BACKGROUND: The relationship between SLC12A3 mutations and actual sodium-chloride (Na-Cl) cotransporter (NCC) expression in patients with Gitelman syndrome (GS) was rarely evaluated.	Chlorides	73-81	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	83-103
17724021-5	2007	Here we determined whether the CFTR chloride channel is a generalized pathway for chloride entry into phagosomes in macrophages and whether mutations in CFTR could contribute to alveolar macrophage dysfunction.	Chlorides	36-44	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	31-35
17715129-1	2007	The neuronal K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 maintains the low intracellular chloride concentration required for the hyperpolarizing actions of inhibitory neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycine in the central nervous system.	Chlorides	69-77	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	32-36
18584528-9	2008	An increase in Isc was caused by chloride ion (Cl(-)) secretion because Isc induced by ET-1 was blocked by bumetanide and Cl(- -) free conditions.	Chlorides	33-41	endothelin 1	Mus musculus	87-91
17947234-2	2007	We have for the first time studied the physiological role of these proteins in CFTR regulation in native tissue by determining CFTR-dependent chloride current in NHERF-1- and NHERF-2-deficient mice.	Chlorides	142-150	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	127-131
17900562-4	2007	CNP dose-dependently enhanced pancreatic flow, chloride and protein excretion but did not modify bicarbonate output.	Chlorides	47-55	natriuretic peptide C	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
17900562-8	2007	Partial muscarinic blockade of CNP-evoked chloride output suggested that mediators other than acetylcholine were involved.	Chlorides	42-50	natriuretic peptide C	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
18008009-0	2007	Correction of ClC-1 splicing eliminates chloride channelopathy and myotonia in mouse models of myotonic dystrophy.	Chlorides	40-48	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 1	Mus musculus	14-19
18008009-2	2007	This constellation of features, collectively known as myotonia, is associated with abnormal alternative splicing of the muscle-specific chloride channel (ClC-1) and reduced conductance of chloride ions in the sarcolemma.	Chlorides	136-144	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 1	Mus musculus	154-159
18008009-6	2007	These observations indicate that the myotonia and chloride channelopathy observed in DM both result from abnormal alternative splicing of ClC-1 and that antisense-induced exon skipping offers a powerful method for correcting alternative splicing defects in DM.	Chlorides	50-58	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 1	Mus musculus	138-143
17804457-3	2007	Thereafter, the expression of the basolateral chloride/bicarbonate exchangers AE1 and SLC26A7 and the apical H(+)-ATPase was examined by northern hybridization, immunoblot analysis and immunofluorescence labelling.	Chlorides	46-54	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
18045536-3	2007	Adenosine-stimulated CFTR-mediated chloride currents are potentiated by MRP4 inhibition, and this potentiation is directly coupled to attenuated cAMP efflux through the apical cAMP transporter.	Chlorides	35-43	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	21-25
18045536-3	2007	Adenosine-stimulated CFTR-mediated chloride currents are potentiated by MRP4 inhibition, and this potentiation is directly coupled to attenuated cAMP efflux through the apical cAMP transporter.	Chlorides	35-43	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 4	Mus musculus	72-76
18047735-1	2007	CF is an inherited autosomal recessive disease whose lethality arises from malfunction of CFTR, a single chloride (Cl-) ion channel protein.	Chlorides	105-113	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	90-94
17963836-9	2007	In the chloride determination, a flow rate of 50 microL min(-1) was used, providing a sample frequency of 45 injection h(-1), generating ca.	Chlorides	7-15	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	56-62
17693413-8	2007	These findings are now consistent with, and provide a molecular explanation for, acidosis opposing fatigue by decreasing the chloride conductance of skeletal muscle via inhibition of ClC-1.	Chlorides	125-133	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	183-188
17726014-4	2007	Here, we show that HOCl generated by the MPO-H2O2-chloride system inactivates TIMP-1 by oxidizing its N-terminal cysteine.	Chlorides	50-58	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	41-44
17726014-4	2007	Here, we show that HOCl generated by the MPO-H2O2-chloride system inactivates TIMP-1 by oxidizing its N-terminal cysteine.	Chlorides	50-58	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	78-84
17699556-0	2007	Hydrogen peroxide stimulates chloride secretion in primary inner medullary collecting duct cells via mPGES-1-derived PGE2.	Chlorides	29-37	prostaglandin E synthase	Mus musculus	101-108
17761837-1	2007	Downregulated in adenoma (DRA), also referred to as SLC26A3, is an intestinal anion transporter essential for intestinal chloride absorption.	Chlorides	121-129	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	26-29
17761837-1	2007	Downregulated in adenoma (DRA), also referred to as SLC26A3, is an intestinal anion transporter essential for intestinal chloride absorption.	Chlorides	121-129	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	52-59
17761837-2	2007	Mutations in DRA result in congenital chloride diarrhea.	Chlorides	38-46	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	13-16
17592500-3	2007	A unique activity of MPO is its ability to use chloride as a cosubstrate with hydrogen peroxide to generate chlorinating oxidants such as hypochlorous acid, a potent antimicrobial agent.	Chlorides	47-55	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	21-24
17644181-0	2007	Toward modeling the high chloride, low pH form of sulfite oxidase: Ka-band ESEEM of equatorial chloro ligands in oxomolybdenum(V) complexes.	Chlorides	25-33	sulfite oxidase	Homo sapiens	50-65
17644181-2	2007	The ESEEM amplitude from the chloro ligands in both compounds is significantly greater than that tentatively attributed to chloride in the vicinity of the oxomolybdenum active site in the high chloride, low-pH (lpH) form of sulfite oxidase (SO).	Chlorides	123-131	sulfite oxidase	Homo sapiens	224-239
17644181-2	2007	The ESEEM amplitude from the chloro ligands in both compounds is significantly greater than that tentatively attributed to chloride in the vicinity of the oxomolybdenum active site in the high chloride, low-pH (lpH) form of sulfite oxidase (SO).	Chlorides	193-201	sulfite oxidase	Homo sapiens	224-239
17805562-7	2007	Chloride remains important, but instead, chloride-induced control of the phosphohistidine content of one kinase component (NDPK, via a multi-kinase complex that also includes a third kinase, CK2; formerly casein kinase 2).	Chlorides	0-8	cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2	Homo sapiens	123-127
17805562-7	2007	Chloride remains important, but instead, chloride-induced control of the phosphohistidine content of one kinase component (NDPK, via a multi-kinase complex that also includes a third kinase, CK2; formerly casein kinase 2).	Chlorides	41-49	cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2	Homo sapiens	123-127
17854184-2	2007	An X-ray study of [Trip(3)TPA]MoCl shows it to be a distorted trigonal bipyramidal species in which the 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl substituents surround and protect the apical chloride.	Chlorides	174-182	TRAF interacting protein	Homo sapiens	19-23
17693402-1	2007	The potassium chloride cotransporter KCC2 plays a major role in the maintenance of transmembrane chloride potential in mature neurons; thus KCC2 activity is critical for hyperpolarizing membrane currents generated upon the activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A and glycine (Gly) receptors that underlie fast synaptic inhibition in the adult central nervous system.	Chlorides	14-22	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	37-41
17693402-1	2007	The potassium chloride cotransporter KCC2 plays a major role in the maintenance of transmembrane chloride potential in mature neurons; thus KCC2 activity is critical for hyperpolarizing membrane currents generated upon the activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A and glycine (Gly) receptors that underlie fast synaptic inhibition in the adult central nervous system.	Chlorides	14-22	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	140-144
17704762-3	2007	In contrast, transport by the bacterial NSS family members LeuT, Tyt1 and TnaT is chloride independent.	Chlorides	82-90	Leucine transport, high	Homo sapiens	59-63
17704762-6	2007	Here we show that introduction of a negatively charged amino acid at or near one of the two putative sodium-binding sites of the GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) transporter GAT-1 from rat brain (also called SLC6A1) renders both net flux and exchange of GABA largely chloride independent.	Chlorides	265-273	solute carrier family 6 member 1	Homo sapiens	172-177
17704762-6	2007	Here we show that introduction of a negatively charged amino acid at or near one of the two putative sodium-binding sites of the GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) transporter GAT-1 from rat brain (also called SLC6A1) renders both net flux and exchange of GABA largely chloride independent.	Chlorides	265-273	solute carrier family 6 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	206-212
17704762-8	2007	Equivalent mutations introduced in the mouse GABA transporter GAT4 (SLC6A11) and the human dopamine transporter DAT (SLC6A3) also result in chloride-independent transport, whereas the reciprocal mutations in LeuT and Tyt1 render substrate binding and/or uptake by these bacterial NSS chloride dependent.	Chlorides	140-148	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, GABA), member 11	Mus musculus	62-66
17704762-8	2007	Equivalent mutations introduced in the mouse GABA transporter GAT4 (SLC6A11) and the human dopamine transporter DAT (SLC6A3) also result in chloride-independent transport, whereas the reciprocal mutations in LeuT and Tyt1 render substrate binding and/or uptake by these bacterial NSS chloride dependent.	Chlorides	140-148	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, GABA), member 11	Mus musculus	68-75
17704762-8	2007	Equivalent mutations introduced in the mouse GABA transporter GAT4 (SLC6A11) and the human dopamine transporter DAT (SLC6A3) also result in chloride-independent transport, whereas the reciprocal mutations in LeuT and Tyt1 render substrate binding and/or uptake by these bacterial NSS chloride dependent.	Chlorides	140-148	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	112-115
17704762-8	2007	Equivalent mutations introduced in the mouse GABA transporter GAT4 (SLC6A11) and the human dopamine transporter DAT (SLC6A3) also result in chloride-independent transport, whereas the reciprocal mutations in LeuT and Tyt1 render substrate binding and/or uptake by these bacterial NSS chloride dependent.	Chlorides	140-148	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	117-123
17704762-8	2007	Equivalent mutations introduced in the mouse GABA transporter GAT4 (SLC6A11) and the human dopamine transporter DAT (SLC6A3) also result in chloride-independent transport, whereas the reciprocal mutations in LeuT and Tyt1 render substrate binding and/or uptake by these bacterial NSS chloride dependent.	Chlorides	140-148	Leucine transport, high	Homo sapiens	208-212
17704762-8	2007	Equivalent mutations introduced in the mouse GABA transporter GAT4 (SLC6A11) and the human dopamine transporter DAT (SLC6A3) also result in chloride-independent transport, whereas the reciprocal mutations in LeuT and Tyt1 render substrate binding and/or uptake by these bacterial NSS chloride dependent.	Chlorides	284-292	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, GABA), member 11	Mus musculus	62-66
17704762-8	2007	Equivalent mutations introduced in the mouse GABA transporter GAT4 (SLC6A11) and the human dopamine transporter DAT (SLC6A3) also result in chloride-independent transport, whereas the reciprocal mutations in LeuT and Tyt1 render substrate binding and/or uptake by these bacterial NSS chloride dependent.	Chlorides	284-292	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, GABA), member 11	Mus musculus	68-75
17704762-8	2007	Equivalent mutations introduced in the mouse GABA transporter GAT4 (SLC6A11) and the human dopamine transporter DAT (SLC6A3) also result in chloride-independent transport, whereas the reciprocal mutations in LeuT and Tyt1 render substrate binding and/or uptake by these bacterial NSS chloride dependent.	Chlorides	284-292	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	112-115
17704762-8	2007	Equivalent mutations introduced in the mouse GABA transporter GAT4 (SLC6A11) and the human dopamine transporter DAT (SLC6A3) also result in chloride-independent transport, whereas the reciprocal mutations in LeuT and Tyt1 render substrate binding and/or uptake by these bacterial NSS chloride dependent.	Chlorides	284-292	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	117-123
17704762-8	2007	Equivalent mutations introduced in the mouse GABA transporter GAT4 (SLC6A11) and the human dopamine transporter DAT (SLC6A3) also result in chloride-independent transport, whereas the reciprocal mutations in LeuT and Tyt1 render substrate binding and/or uptake by these bacterial NSS chloride dependent.	Chlorides	284-292	Leucine transport, high	Homo sapiens	208-212
17679140-0	2007	Chloride-dependent acceleration of cell cycle via modulation of Rb and cdc2 in osteoblastic cells.	Chlorides	0-8	cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Mus musculus	71-75
17582383-3	2007	Charge-neutralizing mutations K978A, K978Q, K978S abolished the inhibition of forskolin-activated CFTR chloride current by glibenclamide but not by CFTR(inh)-172.	Chlorides	103-111	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	98-102
17961806-11	2007	The chloride secretory response is regulated by a dependant calcium signalling pathway induced by NSP4.	Chlorides	4-12	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	98-102
17597790-4	2007	Following in vitro transduction with SeV-CFTR, a chloride-selective current was observed using whole-cell and single-channel patch-clamp techniques.	Chlorides	49-57	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	41-45
17597790-7	2007	Second-generation transmission-incompetent F-deleted SeV-CFTR led to similar correction of the CF chloride transport defect in vivo as first-generation transmission-competent vectors.	Chlorides	98-106	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	57-61
17531517-2	2007	The principal biochemical defect in CF is a mutation in a membrane transport protein, namely the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which is responsible for the conductance of chloride ions across cell membranes.	Chlorides	201-209	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	97-148
17846164-12	2007	Analysis of pore electrostatics in this homology model suggests that at least two of the conclusions derived from the gating kinetics analysis are consistent with the known CLC structures: (1) chloride binding is necessary for channel opening, and (2) chloride binding to any of the three known chloride-binding sites must be voltage dependent.	Chlorides	193-201	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	173-176
17846164-12	2007	Analysis of pore electrostatics in this homology model suggests that at least two of the conclusions derived from the gating kinetics analysis are consistent with the known CLC structures: (1) chloride binding is necessary for channel opening, and (2) chloride binding to any of the three known chloride-binding sites must be voltage dependent.	Chlorides	252-260	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	173-176
17846164-12	2007	Analysis of pore electrostatics in this homology model suggests that at least two of the conclusions derived from the gating kinetics analysis are consistent with the known CLC structures: (1) chloride binding is necessary for channel opening, and (2) chloride binding to any of the three known chloride-binding sites must be voltage dependent.	Chlorides	252-260	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	173-176
17846165-0	2007	The role of a conserved lysine in chloride- and voltage-dependent ClC-0 fast gating.	Chlorides	34-42	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	66-69
17846165-5	2007	Computational analysis of mutant ClC-0 homology models show electrostatic contributions to chloride binding that may partially account for the effects of K149 on gating.	Chlorides	91-99	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	33-36
17531517-2	2007	The principal biochemical defect in CF is a mutation in a membrane transport protein, namely the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which is responsible for the conductance of chloride ions across cell membranes.	Chlorides	201-209	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	150-154
17882401-6	2007	[(3)H]-NA transport by both isoforms showed the typical properties of an NAT because it was dependent on sodium and chloride and inhibited with almost identical K (i) values by various NAT substrates and inhibitors.	Chlorides	116-124	solute carrier family 38, member 3	Mus musculus	73-76
17604010-11	2007	The results indicate that at physiological levels of chloride and bromide, chloride promotes MPO-mediated formation of bromohydrins and lyso-PC in unsaturated phospholipids.	Chlorides	53-61	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	93-96
17652080-1	2007	ClC-3 is a ubiquitously expressed chloride transport protein that is present in synaptic vesicles and endosome/lysosome compartments.	Chlorides	34-42	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	0-5
17604010-0	2007	Influence of chloride on modification of unsaturated phosphatidylcholines by the myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/bromide system.	Chlorides	13-21	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	81-96
17604010-1	2007	The leukocyte enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) is capable of catalyzing the oxidation of chloride and bromide ions, at physiological concentrations of these substrates, by hydrogen peroxide, generating hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypobromous acid (HOBr), respectively.	Chlorides	85-93	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	21-36
17604010-11	2007	The results indicate that at physiological levels of chloride and bromide, chloride promotes MPO-mediated formation of bromohydrins and lyso-PC in unsaturated phospholipids.	Chlorides	75-83	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	93-96
17604010-1	2007	The leukocyte enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) is capable of catalyzing the oxidation of chloride and bromide ions, at physiological concentrations of these substrates, by hydrogen peroxide, generating hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypobromous acid (HOBr), respectively.	Chlorides	85-93	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	38-41
17604010-4	2007	This study was conducted to determine the effect physiological chloride concentration (140 mM) has on the formation of bromohydrins and lyso-PC from unsaturated PC upon treatment with the myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/bromide (MPO/H2O2/Br-) system using physiological bromide concentrations (20-100 microM).	Chlorides	63-71	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	188-203
17404755-0	2007	SLC26A7 can function as a chloride-loading mechanism in parietal cells.	Chlorides	26-34	solute carrier family 26 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
17604010-4	2007	This study was conducted to determine the effect physiological chloride concentration (140 mM) has on the formation of bromohydrins and lyso-PC from unsaturated PC upon treatment with the myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/bromide (MPO/H2O2/Br-) system using physiological bromide concentrations (20-100 microM).	Chlorides	63-71	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	231-234
17126580-6	2007	In teleost gill, AQP3 is expressed in "chloride" cells, and in some species, in other epithelial cell types, where it may have a number of different functions including the prevention of dehydration.	Chlorides	39-47	aquaporin 3a	Danio rerio	17-21
17766716-3	2007	The encoded transmembrane protein, called pendrin, has been found to be able to transport chloride and other anions.	Chlorides	90-98	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	42-49
17597310-12	2007	XcACE is sensitive to ACE inhibitors and chloride ions concentration.	Chlorides	41-49	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	2-5
17592513-8	2007	The contraction by the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor CPA was abolished by SOCC and chloride channel blockade (with NPPB) and by chloride depletion.	Chlorides	106-114	natriuretic peptide B	Bos taurus	138-142
17868637-1	2007	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) catalyzes the two-electron oxidation of chloride, thereby producing hypochlorous acid (HOCl).	Chlorides	62-70	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
17868637-1	2007	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) catalyzes the two-electron oxidation of chloride, thereby producing hypochlorous acid (HOCl).	Chlorides	62-70	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	17-20
17383636-0	2007	Chloride transport in NCL-SG3 sweat gland cells: channels involved.	Chlorides	0-8	nucleolin	Homo sapiens	22-25
17383636-1	2007	The aim of the study was to assess whether NCL-SG3, the only immortalized sweat gland cell line available, can be used as an in vitro model to study chloride ion transport in cultured sweat gland cells.	Chlorides	149-157	nucleolin	Homo sapiens	43-46
17605472-5	2007	Our data indicate that a bridging interaction between Arg500 of the N-domain and Arg8 of GnRH that involves a buried chloride ion may account for its role in the specificity of the N-domain for endoproteolytic cleavage of the substrate at the NH2-terminus in vitro.	Chlorides	117-125	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	89-93
17483498-7	2007	Cd-induced oxidative stress to microglia-enriched cultures was further evidenced by activation of redox-sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B and activator protein-1 (AP-1), and the increased expression of oxidative stress-related genes, such as metallothionein, heme oxygenase-1, glutathione S-transferase pi, and metal transport protein-1, as determined by gel-shift assays and real-time reverse transcription-PCR, respectively, in microglia-enriched cultures.	Chlorides	0-2	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	279-295
17589989-2	2007	At a difference of chloride, in the case of PF(6)(-) and TFPB(-) anions the conversion occurs with the intermediacy of a species, which has been assigned to a monoacid derivative on the basis of UV/vis absorption, fluorescence emission (static and dynamic), and resonance light scattering.	Chlorides	19-27	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	44-49
17589989-5	2007	Gas-phase thermodynamic calculations on the chloride species provide an estimate of the Gibbs free energy changes associated with the two protonation steps, supporting the observed different behavior of this anion with respect to PF(6)(-) and TFPB(-).	Chlorides	44-52	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	230-235
17559208-6	2007	Results provided a model of the coordination sites found in sugars and showed that the introduction of NO3- made the coordination modes of galactitol more diverse and complex than those of the corresponding chloride complexes.	Chlorides	207-215	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	103-106
17592598-5	2007	In chlorinated solvents such as dichloromethane or chloroform, [5]PF(6) rapidly abstracts chloride by reductive dechlorination of the solvent to yield [(TL(tBu))CuCl]PF6, [8]PF6 quantitatively.	Chlorides	90-98	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	166-169
17592598-5	2007	In chlorinated solvents such as dichloromethane or chloroform, [5]PF(6) rapidly abstracts chloride by reductive dechlorination of the solvent to yield [(TL(tBu))CuCl]PF6, [8]PF6 quantitatively.	Chlorides	90-98	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	174-177
17592598-6	2007	Reaction of TL(tBu) with copper(I) bromide or chloride affords complexes 9a and 9b, respectively, for which X-ray diffraction analysis, low-temperature NMR experiments and DFT calculations reveal the presence of a kappa(2)-coordinated ligand of the type [(TL(tBu)-kappaN(1):kappaN(2))CuX].	Chlorides	46-54	cut like homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	284-287
17488805-10	2007	To investigate whether the PRL-enhanced paracellular transport was linked to changes in the epithelial charge selectivity, the permeability ratio of sodium and chloride (P(Na)/P(Cl)) was determined.	Chlorides	160-168	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
17240384-2	2007	The binding of such compounds to the transport protein, human serum albumin (HSA), under simulated physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 100mM chloride, 37 degrees C) has been studied by capillary electrophoresis (CE), with the objective to acquire and compare their binding parameters.	Chlorides	139-147	albumin	Homo sapiens	62-75
17463181-12	2007	Thus leptin, an adipocyte-derived cytokine involved with satiety and energy balance, influences gallbladder bile volume, sodium, and pH as well as multiple inflammatory cytokine genes and genes related to water, sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate transport.	Chlorides	220-228	leptin	Mus musculus	5-11
17659500-2	2007	Immunohistochemical studies have shown that pendrin is expressed at the apical surface of follicular thyroid cells, where it acts as a Cl-/I- exchanger regulating the chloride transport from the cytoplasm to the colloid space.	Chlorides	167-175	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	44-51
17577734-1	2007	Hypochlorite (HOCl), the product of the activated myeloperoxidase/H(2)O(2)/chloride (MPO/H(2)O(2)/Cl(- )) system is favored as a trigger of LDL modifications, which may play a pivotal role in early atherogenesis.	Chlorides	75-83	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	50-65
17577734-1	2007	Hypochlorite (HOCl), the product of the activated myeloperoxidase/H(2)O(2)/chloride (MPO/H(2)O(2)/Cl(- )) system is favored as a trigger of LDL modifications, which may play a pivotal role in early atherogenesis.	Chlorides	75-83	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	85-88
17659500-4	2007	Finally, pendrin is expressed in the kidney, where it is localized in the apical membrane of type-B intercalated cells and non-A, non-B intercalated cells of the cortical collecting ducts and connecting tubules, where it again acts as a Cl /HCO-3 exchanger regulating the acid-base status and chloride homeostasis.	Chlorides	293-301	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	9-16
26633221-1	2007	In a previous combined QM/MM molecular dynamics (MD) study from our laboratory on the identity SN2 reaction between a chloride anion and an amino chloride in liquid dimethyl ether (DME), an increase in the free energy activation barrier was observed in the condensed phase when compared to the gas-phase activation energy.	Chlorides	118-132	solute carrier family 38 member 5	Homo sapiens	95-98
17466294-5	2007	These data suggest that inhibition of chloride secretion following alpha1-adrenoceptor activation in the acutely denervated small intestine may be through ClC-2 down-regulation.	Chlorides	38-46	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	155-160
17601953-11	2007	We conclude that DmClC-2 accounts for the channels underlying I(Cl,H), and in part for the resting chloride conductance.	Chlorides	99-107	Chloride channel-a	Drosophila melanogaster	17-24
17493914-2	2007	This initial high concentration is commonly attributed to the ubiquitous chloride cotransporter NKCC1, which uses a sodium gradient to accumulate chloride.	Chlorides	73-81	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	96-101
17493914-9	2007	If NKCC1 accumulates chloride in ganglion and amacrine cells, deleting or blocking it should abolish the GABA-evoked calcium rise.	Chlorides	21-29	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	3-8
17493914-11	2007	Furthermore, intracellular chloride concentration in amacrine and ganglion cells of the NKCC1-null retinas was approximately 30 mM, same as in wild type at this age.	Chlorides	27-35	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	88-93
17493914-14	2007	We conclude that NKCC1 does not serve to accumulate chloride in immature retinal neurons, but it may enable Muller cells to buffer extracellular chloride.	Chlorides	145-153	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	17-22
17581962-10	2007	Our results clearly show that NKCC1-induced increase in intracellular chloride concentration is a major event accompanying peripheral nerve regeneration.	Chlorides	70-78	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	30-35
17533027-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Mutations in the anion exchanger 1 (AE1) gene encoding the erythroid and kidney anion (chloride-bicarbonate) exchanger 1 may result in hereditary distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA).	Chlorides	99-107	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	29-46
17490622-9	2007	Given the reported novel characteristics of chloride conductance displayed by this transporter, our findings of increased EAAT4 levels suggest this protein may play an important role in the pathophysiology of TBI.	Chlorides	44-52	solute carrier family 1 member 6	Rattus norvegicus	122-127
17520116-1	2007	Single nanogram amounts of the explosives TNT, RDX, HMX, PETN and their mixtures were detected and identified in a few seconds on the surface of human skin without any sample preparation by desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) using a spray solution of methanol-water doped with sodium chloride to form the chloride adducts with RDX, HMX, and PETN while TNT was examined as the radical anion and tandem mass spectrometry was used to confirm the identifications.	Chlorides	291-299	chromosome 16 open reading frame 82	Homo sapiens	42-45
17290033-6	2007	The secretion was absent in Cftr(-/-) mice, and it was blocked when chloride was depleted from the perfusate of WT mice, providing the first evidence that CFTR-dependent chloride secretion causes AWL formation.	Chlorides	68-76	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	155-159
17290033-6	2007	The secretion was absent in Cftr(-/-) mice, and it was blocked when chloride was depleted from the perfusate of WT mice, providing the first evidence that CFTR-dependent chloride secretion causes AWL formation.	Chlorides	170-178	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	155-159
17241724-4	2007	Adding chloride or bromide salts with Fe(0) (1% w/v) greatly enhanced TNT, RDX, and HMX degradation rates in aqueous solution.	Chlorides	7-15	chromosome 16 open reading frame 82	Homo sapiens	70-73
17241724-4	2007	Adding chloride or bromide salts with Fe(0) (1% w/v) greatly enhanced TNT, RDX, and HMX degradation rates in aqueous solution.	Chlorides	7-15	radixin	Homo sapiens	75-78
17572013-2	2007	Mutations in the CFTR gene result in defective sodium, chloride, and water transport in the epithelial cells of the respiratory, hepatobiliary, gastrointestinal, and reproductive tracts, the pancreas, and the eye.	Chlorides	55-63	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	17-21
17382898-2	2007	We have previously reported that the CFTR chloride transport activity indirectly regulates the differential expression of several genes, including SRC and MUC1.	Chlorides	42-50	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	37-41
17382898-2	2007	We have previously reported that the CFTR chloride transport activity indirectly regulates the differential expression of several genes, including SRC and MUC1.	Chlorides	42-50	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	147-150
17382898-2	2007	We have previously reported that the CFTR chloride transport activity indirectly regulates the differential expression of several genes, including SRC and MUC1.	Chlorides	42-50	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	155-159
17382898-8	2007	These results suggest that the CFTR chloride transport activity indirectly up-regulates MT-ND4 expression.	Chlorides	36-44	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	31-35
17382898-8	2007	These results suggest that the CFTR chloride transport activity indirectly up-regulates MT-ND4 expression.	Chlorides	36-44	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 4	Homo sapiens	88-94
17030091-0	2007	Influence of chloride concentration on the formation of AOX in UV oxidative system.	Chlorides	13-21	acyl-CoA oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	56-59
17339316-3	2007	We have previously shown that EGFR negatively regulates epithelial chloride secretion as a result of transforming growth factor-alpha-mediated EGFR transactivation in response to muscarinic GPCR activation.	Chlorides	67-75	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	30-34
17339316-3	2007	We have previously shown that EGFR negatively regulates epithelial chloride secretion as a result of transforming growth factor-alpha-mediated EGFR transactivation in response to muscarinic GPCR activation.	Chlorides	67-75	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	143-147
17339316-3	2007	We have previously shown that EGFR negatively regulates epithelial chloride secretion as a result of transforming growth factor-alpha-mediated EGFR transactivation in response to muscarinic GPCR activation.	Chlorides	67-75	adrenoceptor alpha 2B	Homo sapiens	190-194
17353191-0	2007	The chloride dependence of the human organic anion transporter 1 (hOAT1) is blunted by mutation of a single amino acid.	Chlorides	4-12	solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens	37-64
17353191-0	2007	The chloride dependence of the human organic anion transporter 1 (hOAT1) is blunted by mutation of a single amino acid.	Chlorides	4-12	solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens	66-71
17353191-8	2007	PAH uptake by wild type hOAT1 was stimulated in the presence of chloride, whereas the R466K mutant was chloride-insensitive.	Chlorides	64-72	solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens	24-29
17353191-10	2007	Kinetic experiments revealed that chloride did not alter the apparent K(m) for PAH but influenced V(max) in wild type OAT1-expressing oocytes.	Chlorides	34-42	solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens	118-122
17452787-3	2007	Previously, FGE was crystallized in complex with a chloride ion which, based on its similar polarizability and hydrophobicity, indicates the site of molecular oxygen binding.	Chlorides	51-59	sulfatase modifying factor 1	Homo sapiens	12-15
17494794-1	2007	BACKGROUND: In cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, the absence or dysfunction of the chloride channel CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) results in reduced chloride ion transport in respiratory epithelial cells.	Chlorides	80-88	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	97-135
17494794-1	2007	BACKGROUND: In cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, the absence or dysfunction of the chloride channel CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) results in reduced chloride ion transport in respiratory epithelial cells.	Chlorides	80-88	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	137-141
17552451-10	2007	This mutation would result in a truncated ClC-1 protein being expressed, which, based on molecular evidence from other studies, would result in functionally compromised chloride conduction in the skeletal muscles of the animal.	Chlorides	169-177	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Canis lupus familiaris	42-47
17293558-1	2007	Chloride transport by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl(-) channel is inhibited by a broad range of substances that bind within a wide inner vestibule in the pore and physically occlude Cl(-) permeation.	Chlorides	0-8	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	26-77
17293558-1	2007	Chloride transport by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl(-) channel is inhibited by a broad range of substances that bind within a wide inner vestibule in the pore and physically occlude Cl(-) permeation.	Chlorides	0-8	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	79-83
17027078-16	2007	It was previously shown that chloride uptake was increased into cells that had been transfected with CLIC3.	Chlorides	29-37	chloride intracellular channel 3	Homo sapiens	101-106
17027078-17	2007	CLIC3 may facilitate chloride ion movement and the regulation of cellular processes associated with the movement of chloride in the placental and fetal membrane cells in which it is expressed.	Chlorides	21-29	chloride intracellular channel 3	Homo sapiens	0-5
17027078-17	2007	CLIC3 may facilitate chloride ion movement and the regulation of cellular processes associated with the movement of chloride in the placental and fetal membrane cells in which it is expressed.	Chlorides	116-124	chloride intracellular channel 3	Homo sapiens	0-5
17442754-7	2007	The dependence of transport equilibrium potentials on sulfate and chloride concentration gradients shows that the prestin orthologs are electrogenic antiporters, exchanging sulfate or oxalate for chloride in a strictly coupled manner with a 1:1 stoichiometry.	Chlorides	66-74	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	114-121
17442754-7	2007	The dependence of transport equilibrium potentials on sulfate and chloride concentration gradients shows that the prestin orthologs are electrogenic antiporters, exchanging sulfate or oxalate for chloride in a strictly coupled manner with a 1:1 stoichiometry.	Chlorides	196-204	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	114-121
17533027-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Mutations in the anion exchanger 1 (AE1) gene encoding the erythroid and kidney anion (chloride-bicarbonate) exchanger 1 may result in hereditary distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA).	Chlorides	99-107	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	48-51
17381162-3	2007	It is generally accepted that superoxide is a precursor of hydrogen peroxide which myeloperoxidase uses to oxidize chloride to hypochlorous acid.	Chlorides	115-123	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	83-98
17388597-5	2007	Hence, formation of Re(O)Cl2(H)(PPh3)2 (4a) proceeds via a sigma-adduct followed by heterolytic cleavage of the Si-H bond and transfer of silylium (Et3Si+) to chloride.	Chlorides	159-167	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
17320853-0	2007	Block of CFTR-dependent chloride currents by inhibitors of multidrug resistance-associated proteins.	Chlorides	24-32	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	9-13
17238169-3	2007	In this paper, four chloride-related radical-radical reactions, i.e., CH3+CH(3-n)Cln (n = 1, 2, 3) and CH3+CCl2, are theoretically studied for the first time by means of the Gaussian-3//B3LYP potential energy surface survey combined with the master equation study over a wide range of temperatures and pressures.	Chlorides	20-28	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	107-111
17371050-0	2007	Crystallographic and kinetic studies of human mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase: the importance of potassium and chloride ions for its structure and function.	Chlorides	118-126	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	46-84
17135300-0	2007	Chloride channelopathy in myotonic dystrophy resulting from loss of posttranscriptional regulation for CLCN1.	Chlorides	0-8	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 1	Mus musculus	103-108
17412899-5	2007	Chloride data suggested that NO3 dilution occurred from recharge by precipitation.	Chlorides	0-8	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	29-32
17341065-2	2007	A chloride-centered hexanuclear copper(II) pyrazolate [Au(PPh3)2][trans-Cu6(micro-OH)6[micro-(3,5-CF3)2pz]6Cl] is isolated from the reaction of the trinuclear copper(I) pyrazolate [Cu3[micro-(CF3)2pz]3] with PPh3AuCl and Ph3P in moist air.	Chlorides	2-10	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	58-62
17341065-2	2007	A chloride-centered hexanuclear copper(II) pyrazolate [Au(PPh3)2][trans-Cu6(micro-OH)6[micro-(3,5-CF3)2pz]6Cl] is isolated from the reaction of the trinuclear copper(I) pyrazolate [Cu3[micro-(CF3)2pz]3] with PPh3AuCl and Ph3P in moist air.	Chlorides	2-10	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	208-212
17135300-7	2007	Thus alternative splicing is a posttranscriptional mechanism regulating chloride conductance during muscle development, and the chloride channelopathy in a transgenic mouse model of DM1 results from a failure to execute a splicing transition for CLCN1.	Chlorides	128-136	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 1	Mus musculus	246-251
17158598-9	2007	BK also increased inositol phosphate accumulation and induced a transient Ca2+-activated chloride current (CACC) and a sustained nonselective cation current (I(CAT)).	Chlorides	89-97	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	0-2
17158258-2	2007	Compared with CCK-8, CCK-58 is a much stronger stimulant of pancreatic chloride and water secretion, equivalent to maximally effective secretin, but with a chloride-to-bicarbonate ratio characteristic of acinar fluid.	Chlorides	71-79	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
17158258-2	2007	Compared with CCK-8, CCK-58 is a much stronger stimulant of pancreatic chloride and water secretion, equivalent to maximally effective secretin, but with a chloride-to-bicarbonate ratio characteristic of acinar fluid.	Chlorides	156-164	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
17182533-11	2007	This reduction of pendrin expression may help in redirecting the CNT and CCD toward chloride excretion and bicarbonate reabsorption, contributing to the increased plasma bicarbonate and decreased plasma chloride of chronic respiratory acidosis.	Chlorides	84-92	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	18-25
17182533-11	2007	This reduction of pendrin expression may help in redirecting the CNT and CCD toward chloride excretion and bicarbonate reabsorption, contributing to the increased plasma bicarbonate and decreased plasma chloride of chronic respiratory acidosis.	Chlorides	203-211	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	18-25
17215330-1	2007	Focus on "Chloride channelopathy in myotonic dystrophy resulting from loss of posttranscriptional regulation for CLCN1".	Chlorides	10-18	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	113-118
17339840-0	2007	Chloride transporting capability of Calu-3 epithelia following persistent knockdown of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, CFTR.	Chlorides	0-8	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	91-142
17339840-0	2007	Chloride transporting capability of Calu-3 epithelia following persistent knockdown of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, CFTR.	Chlorides	0-8	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	144-148
17339840-7	2007	KEY RESULTS: All aspects of cAMP activated chloride secretion were attenuated in the epithelia with reduced CFTR content.	Chlorides	43-51	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	108-112
17339840-10	2007	Lubiprostone, a putative ClC-2 activator, increased transepithelial chloride secretion in both modified and wild type Calu-3 epithelia.	Chlorides	68-76	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	25-30
17218539-2	2007	Recent observations have shown that the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-chloride system of activated phagocytes is highly up-regulated under inflammatory conditions where hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is formed as the major oxidant.	Chlorides	61-69	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	40-55
17218539-5	2007	We show that albumin modified with physiologically relevant concentrations of HOCl, added as reagent or generated by the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-chloride system, is a high affinity ligand for RAGE.	Chlorides	142-150	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	121-136
17218539-5	2007	We show that albumin modified with physiologically relevant concentrations of HOCl, added as reagent or generated by the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-chloride system, is a high affinity ligand for RAGE.	Chlorides	142-150	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	189-193
17311439-4	2007	It is polarized to oxidize chloride ions into hypochlorous acid, which reacts with the organic matter (bovine serum albumin) present at the electrode/solution interface, leading on one hand to the chlorination of the proteins with in particular the chloramine formation and on the other hand to the protein aggregation on the surface.	Chlorides	27-35	albumin	Homo sapiens	110-123
17158866-5	2007	Here, we show that RNA interference targeting endogenous CAL specifically increases cell-surface expression of the disease-associated DeltaF508-CFTR mutant and thus enhances transepithelial chloride currents in a polarized human patient bronchial epithelial cell line.	Chlorides	190-198	golgi associated PDZ and coiled-coil motif containing	Homo sapiens	57-60
17077386-0	2007	Angiotensin II increases chloride absorption in the cortical collecting duct in mice through a pendrin-dependent mechanism.	Chlorides	25-33	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	95-102
17186942-8	2007	These results identify the combination of amino acid variations responsible for the differences among the three splice variants of NKCC2, and they support a model in which a reentrant loop following TM2 contributes to the chloride binding and translocation domains.	Chlorides	222-230	solute carrier family 12 member 1	Homo sapiens	131-136
17008635-2	2007	CF mouse models have demonstrated cAMP-inducible, non-CF transmembrane conductance regulator (non-CFTR) chloride transport in conducting airway epithelia, and this property is thought to be responsible for the lack of a spontaneous CF-like phenotype in the lung.	Chlorides	104-112	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	98-102
17077386-2	2007	The purpose of this study was to determine whether angiotensin II increases transepithelial net chloride transport, J(Cl), in mouse CCD through a pendrin-dependent mechanism.	Chlorides	96-104	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	146-153
17164396-0	2007	The emerging role of pendrin in renal chloride reabsorption.	Chlorides	38-46	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	21-28
17138647-8	2007	Hypotonicity also caused the relocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane and increase in interaction with actin of ICln (nucleotide-sensitive chloride current protein), which is essential for the generation of ion currents activated during RVD.	Chlorides	149-157	chloride nucleotide-sensitive channel 1A pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	122-126
17325549-0	2007	Epidermal growth factor stimulates chloride transport in primary cultures of weanling and adult rabbit colonocytes.	Chlorides	35-43	pro-epidermal growth factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-23
17343450-1	2007	The authors present partial-ion-yield experiments on the methyl chloride molecule excited in the vicinity of the Cl2p and C1s inner shells.	Chlorides	64-72	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	113-117
17256057-11	2007	Our data demonstrate that EspG and EspG2 play an important role in contributing to EPEC infection-associated inhibition of luminal membrane chloride transport via modulation of surface DRA expression.	Chlorides	140-148	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	185-188
17326840-10	2007	In T84 cells, we find digitonin-resistant CLIC1 is present in an intracellular compartment which is concentrated immediately below the apical plasma membrane and the extent of apical polarization is enhanced with forskolin, which activates transepithelial chloride transport and apical membrane traffic in these cells.	Chlorides	256-264	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
17301172-1	2007	The K+ Cl- cotransporter KCC2 plays an important role in chloride homeostasis and in neuronal responses mediated by ionotropic GABA and glycine receptors.	Chlorides	57-65	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	25-29
17084917-0	2007	CFTR surface expression and chloride currents are decreased by inhibitors of N-WASP and actin polymerization.	Chlorides	28-36	WASP like actin nucleation promoting factor	Homo sapiens	77-83
17182282-3	2007	It now appears that chloride homeostasis is actively regulated in the adult brain and affected by endogenous neuromodulators such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor.	Chlorides	20-28	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	133-166
17229912-6	2007	In chloride-free medium, HEK293-hOAT4-mediated [(3)H]PAH efflux was almost abolished, whereas addition of ES restored it comparable to Ringer solution, consistent with a physiologic ES/PAH or PAH/Cl(-) exchange mode of hOAT4.	Chlorides	3-11	solute carrier family 22 member 11	Homo sapiens	32-37
17131260-8	2007	Functional analysis of the gene product (pendrin) in Xenopus laevis oocytes revealed that pendrin acts as an iodide/chloride and chloride/formate exchanger.	Chlorides	116-124	solute carrier family 26 member 4 gene 3 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	41-48
17131260-8	2007	Functional analysis of the gene product (pendrin) in Xenopus laevis oocytes revealed that pendrin acts as an iodide/chloride and chloride/formate exchanger.	Chlorides	116-124	solute carrier family 26 member 4 gene 3 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	90-97
17131260-8	2007	Functional analysis of the gene product (pendrin) in Xenopus laevis oocytes revealed that pendrin acts as an iodide/chloride and chloride/formate exchanger.	Chlorides	129-137	solute carrier family 26 member 4 gene 3 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	41-48
17131260-8	2007	Functional analysis of the gene product (pendrin) in Xenopus laevis oocytes revealed that pendrin acts as an iodide/chloride and chloride/formate exchanger.	Chlorides	129-137	solute carrier family 26 member 4 gene 3 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	90-97
17160181-4	2007	Crystals were obtained of a product shown by X-ray crystallography to be the unusual dinuclear species [Pt2(BCl2)2(PMe3)4(micro-Cl)][BCl4] which reveals an arrangement in which two square planar platinum(II) centres are linked by a single bridging chloride which is trans to a BCl2 group on each platinum centre.	Chlorides	248-256	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	108-112
19071321-1	2007	A solid-phase absorbent obtained by the immobilization of Aliquat 336 chloride in poly(vinyl chloride) is reported to extract preferentially Co(II) from its 7M hydrochloric acid solutions containing Ni(II).	Chlorides	70-78	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	141-147
17160181-4	2007	Crystals were obtained of a product shown by X-ray crystallography to be the unusual dinuclear species [Pt2(BCl2)2(PMe3)4(micro-Cl)][BCl4] which reveals an arrangement in which two square planar platinum(II) centres are linked by a single bridging chloride which is trans to a BCl2 group on each platinum centre.	Chlorides	248-256	BCL3 transcription coactivator	Homo sapiens	133-137
17310109-8	2007	As shown previously, hypertonic shock (addition of 550mM sucrose), chloride removal and glucose depletion decreased the forward scatter and increased annexin V binding.	Chlorides	67-75	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	150-159
16822950-3	2007	We hypothesized that an abnormal CFTR containing a non-NBD-1 mutation and able to transport chloride would retain regulatory interactions with murine ENaC (mENaC).	Chlorides	92-100	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	33-37
16822950-3	2007	We hypothesized that an abnormal CFTR containing a non-NBD-1 mutation and able to transport chloride would retain regulatory interactions with murine ENaC (mENaC).	Chlorides	92-100	sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 alpha	Mus musculus	150-154
16822950-3	2007	We hypothesized that an abnormal CFTR containing a non-NBD-1 mutation and able to transport chloride would retain regulatory interactions with murine ENaC (mENaC).	Chlorides	92-100	sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 alpha	Mus musculus	156-161
16822950-5	2007	I148T-CFTR has been associated with a severe CF phenotype, perhaps because of defects in its regulation of bicarbonate transport, but it transports chloride similarly to wild-type CFTR in model systems (Choi JY, Muallem D, Kiselyov K, Lee MG, Thomas PJ, Muallem S. Nature 410: 94-97, 2001).	Chlorides	148-156	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	6-10
17128287-0	2007	Niflumic acid inhibits chloride conductance of rat skeletal muscle by directly inhibiting the CLC-1 channel and by increasing intracellular calcium.	Chlorides	23-31	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-99
17762173-6	2007	Our previous studies indicate that a single non-cytotoxic dose of the anthracycline doxorubicin (Dox) significantly increase Delta F508-CFTR-associated chloride secretion in MDCK cells by increasing the expression of this protein at the apical plasma membrane.	Chlorides	152-160	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Canis lupus familiaris	136-140
17376232-10	2007	Also, the overall chloride secretory response is regulated by a phospholipase C-dependent calcium signaling pathway induced by NSP4.	Chlorides	18-26	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	127-131
17636465-3	2007	PPh4[IrCl5(NO)] forms a crystal in which the [IrCl5(NO)]- anions are in a curious wire-like linear arrangement, in which the distance between the N--O moiety of one anion and the trans chloride of the upper one nearby is only 2.8 A.	Chlorides	185-193	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
17708420-3	2007	DM muscle tissues showed a reduction in the major skeletal muscle chloride channel (CLCN1) and transcription factor Sp1 transcript levels and an abnormal processing of the CLCN1 and insulin receptor (IR) pre-mRNAs.	Chlorides	66-74	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	84-89
17504134-5	2007	The inhibition studies with CA XIII have shown that this isozyme can be inhibited efficiently with some sulfonamide inhibitors, while it is resistant to inhibition with chloride and bicarbonate ions.	Chlorides	169-177	carbonic anhydrase 13	Homo sapiens	28-35
17910576-3	2007	This functional switch has been attributed to age-related differences in the relative abundance of cation chloride cotransporters, such as KCC2 and NKCC1, which regulate chloride homeostasis.	Chlorides	106-114	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	139-143
17910576-3	2007	This functional switch has been attributed to age-related differences in the relative abundance of cation chloride cotransporters, such as KCC2 and NKCC1, which regulate chloride homeostasis.	Chlorides	106-114	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	148-153
17687934-9	2007	After application of chloride ion transport inhibitor (bumetanide), the PD in November and December decreased compared with the control incubation by about 80% and 75%, while in January and February by about 40% and 25%, respectively.	Chlorides	21-29	dachs	Drosophila melanogaster	72-74
17708420-10	2007	DM muscle tissues showed a reduction in the major skeletal muscle chloride channel (CLCN1) and transcription factor Sp1 transcript levels and an abnormal processing of the CLCN1 and insulin receptor (IR) pre-mRNAs.	Chlorides	66-74	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	84-89
16868751-1	2007	It was the aim of the present study to investigate chloride secretion across the proximal colon of Cftr (TgH(neoim)1Hgu) congenic mice.	Chlorides	51-59	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	99-103
16868751-1	2007	It was the aim of the present study to investigate chloride secretion across the proximal colon of Cftr (TgH(neoim)1Hgu) congenic mice.	Chlorides	51-59	carboxylesterase 1D	Mus musculus	105-108
16868751-3	2007	In comparison with the control animals, all Cftr (TgH(neoim)1Hgu) congenic mice had a distinctly reduced basal chloride secretion and a reduced chloride secretion after stimulation with carbachol and forskolin.	Chlorides	111-119	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	44-48
16868751-3	2007	In comparison with the control animals, all Cftr (TgH(neoim)1Hgu) congenic mice had a distinctly reduced basal chloride secretion and a reduced chloride secretion after stimulation with carbachol and forskolin.	Chlorides	111-119	carboxylesterase 1D	Mus musculus	50-53
16868751-3	2007	In comparison with the control animals, all Cftr (TgH(neoim)1Hgu) congenic mice had a distinctly reduced basal chloride secretion and a reduced chloride secretion after stimulation with carbachol and forskolin.	Chlorides	144-152	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	44-48
16868751-3	2007	In comparison with the control animals, all Cftr (TgH(neoim)1Hgu) congenic mice had a distinctly reduced basal chloride secretion and a reduced chloride secretion after stimulation with carbachol and forskolin.	Chlorides	144-152	carboxylesterase 1D	Mus musculus	50-53
16868751-10	2007	In contrast, there was no evidence for alternative chloride conductances in BALB/c WT animals, but we cannot exclude that in WT mice a higher chloride secretion via Cftr-channels may have masked an alternative chloride secretion.	Chlorides	142-150	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	165-169
16868751-10	2007	In contrast, there was no evidence for alternative chloride conductances in BALB/c WT animals, but we cannot exclude that in WT mice a higher chloride secretion via Cftr-channels may have masked an alternative chloride secretion.	Chlorides	142-150	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	165-169
17158949-2	2007	Transgenic mice engineered to express mRNA with expanded (CUG)(250) repeats (HSA(LR) mice) exhibit prominent myotonia and altered splicing of muscle chloride channel gene (Clcn1) transcripts.	Chlorides	149-157	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 1	Mus musculus	172-177
17112538-0	2007	Evidence for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride current in swine ventricular myocytes.	Chlorides	65-73	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Sus scrofa	13-64
17241161-4	2007	Aggregated nitrated alpha-synuclein induced ROS production in a dose-dependent manner that was inhibited by voltage-gated potassium current blockade, and to a more limited degree, by chloride current blockade.	Chlorides	183-191	synuclein, alpha	Mus musculus	20-35
17241161-5	2007	Interestingly, ROS produced in MG primed with tumor necrosis factor alpha and activated with phorbol myristate acetate was attenuated by voltage-gated potassium current blockade and more completely by chloride current blockade.	Chlorides	201-209	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	46-73
17045484-6	2007	Using fluid percussion injury (FPI) in the mouse, we demonstrate significant reductions in KCC2 protein and mRNA expression in the dentate gyrus that causes a depolarizing shift in GABA(A) reversal potential, due to impaired chloride clearance, resulting in reduced inhibitory efficiency.	Chlorides	225-233	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	91-95
17244733-9	2007	The increase in isotonic cell volume induced by bismaleimide X was observed in chloride-containing medium but not in the medium in which chloride was replaced by sulphate, implying that PKC was involved in the control of chloride channel activity, e.g. by closing the channel after volume adjustment.	Chlorides	79-87	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	186-189
17074761-2	2006	Myeloperoxidase converts chloride and hydrogen peroxide to hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which is strongly microbicidal.	Chlorides	25-33	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
17192429-1	2006	The expression of the neuron-specific K+/Cl- cotransporter (KCC2) is restricted to the CNS and is strongly upregulated during neuronal maturation, yielding a low intracellular chloride concentration that is required for fast synaptic inhibition in adult neurons.	Chlorides	176-184	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	60-64
18398684-2	2006	The thy-1 promoter was used to express high levels of Clomeleon, a ratiometric fluorescent indicator for chloride ions, in discrete populations of neurons in the brains of transgenic mice.	Chlorides	105-113	thymus cell antigen 1, theta	Mus musculus	4-9
17018532-8	2006	Both chloride concentration and pH (during ischemia) vary in the postsynaptic density, where PSD-95 is present, and the physiological buffer conditions may thus modulate the interaction between PSD-95 and its ligands through binding of chloride and protons to the "molecular switches" Arg-318 and His-372, respectively.	Chlorides	5-13	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Homo sapiens	93-99
17018532-8	2006	Both chloride concentration and pH (during ischemia) vary in the postsynaptic density, where PSD-95 is present, and the physiological buffer conditions may thus modulate the interaction between PSD-95 and its ligands through binding of chloride and protons to the "molecular switches" Arg-318 and His-372, respectively.	Chlorides	5-13	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Homo sapiens	194-200
17018532-8	2006	Both chloride concentration and pH (during ischemia) vary in the postsynaptic density, where PSD-95 is present, and the physiological buffer conditions may thus modulate the interaction between PSD-95 and its ligands through binding of chloride and protons to the "molecular switches" Arg-318 and His-372, respectively.	Chlorides	236-244	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Homo sapiens	194-200
17115052-1	2006	Chloride channels and transporters of the CLC gene family are expressed in virtually all cell types and are crucial in the regulation of membrane potential, chloride homeostasis and intravesicular pH.	Chlorides	157-165	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	42-45
17008020-3	2006	This developmental shift in GABA actions from depolarization to hyperpolarization occurs as a result of decreasing the intracellular chloride ion (Cl(-)) concentration ([Cl(-)](i)) which is regulated by the potassium (K(+))-Cl(-) co-transporter 2 (KCC2).	Chlorides	133-141	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	248-252
17146194-0	2006	Chloride-dependent intracellular pH regulation via extracellular calcium-sensing receptor in the medullary thick ascending limb of the mouse kidney.	Chlorides	0-8	calcium-sensing receptor	Mus musculus	51-89
23662038-11	2006	The most promising of these was Pendrin, or Slc26a4, a solute carrier of chloride and iodide active in the kidney, thyroid, and inner ear.	Chlorides	73-81	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	32-39
23662038-11	2006	The most promising of these was Pendrin, or Slc26a4, a solute carrier of chloride and iodide active in the kidney, thyroid, and inner ear.	Chlorides	73-81	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	44-51
17495464-10	2007	However, the CFTR chloride conductance observed in oocytes expressing the mutant channel averaged only 24% of that in oocytes expressing wild-type CFTR.	Chlorides	18-26	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	13-17
17158949-3	2007	We used whole-cell patch clamp recordings and nonstationary noise analysis to compare and biophysically characterize the magnitude, kinetics, voltage dependence, and single channel properties of the skeletal muscle chloride channel (ClC-1) in individual flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscle fibers isolated from 1-3-wk-old wild-type and HSA(LR) mice.	Chlorides	215-223	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 1	Mus musculus	233-238
17042919-13	2006	Replacing extracellular sodium or chloride significantly decreased the hSERT currents by 89 and 45%, respectively (P < 0.05, n = 7 each).	Chlorides	34-42	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	71-76
17077509-10	2006	Whole-cell patch clamp studies in HEK293 cells transiently co-transfected with expression vectors encoding rbCLCA2 and EGFP allowed us to identify the presence of niflumic acid (a CLCA channel blocker)-sensitive and voltage-dependent chloride currents in cells expressing rbCLCA2 but not EGFP alone.	Chlorides	234-242	chloride channel calcium activated 4-like	Rattus norvegicus	107-114
17077509-10	2006	Whole-cell patch clamp studies in HEK293 cells transiently co-transfected with expression vectors encoding rbCLCA2 and EGFP allowed us to identify the presence of niflumic acid (a CLCA channel blocker)-sensitive and voltage-dependent chloride currents in cells expressing rbCLCA2 but not EGFP alone.	Chlorides	234-242	chloride channel accessory 5	Rattus norvegicus	109-113
17042919-16	2006	These results demonstrate that hSERT activity is not only voltage dependent, but is also affected by intracellular calcium and extracellular sodium and chloride.	Chlorides	152-160	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	31-36
17042493-1	2006	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) (donor, hydrogen peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.7) is the most abundant neutrophil enzyme and catalyzes predominantly the two-electron oxidation of ubiquitous chloride (Cl-), to generate the potent bleaching oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl), thus contributing to bacterial killing and inflammatory reactions of neutrophils.	Chlorides	185-193	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
17055311-1	2006	Pendrin is a membrane transport protein which functions as the transporter of chloride, bicarbonate, formate, and iodide.	Chlorides	78-86	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	0-7
16553464-5	2006	The blue shift is similar to one induced by chloride ion in the E181Q rhodopsin mutant and may indicate that the ionization state of Glu181 in rhodopsin is affected by detergent.	Chlorides	44-52	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	70-79
16553464-5	2006	The blue shift is similar to one induced by chloride ion in the E181Q rhodopsin mutant and may indicate that the ionization state of Glu181 in rhodopsin is affected by detergent.	Chlorides	44-52	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	143-152
17042482-8	2006	Subdomain II, containing bound chloride and zinc ions, is found to have greater stability than subdomain I in the structures of three ACE homologues.	Chlorides	31-39	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	134-137
17042493-1	2006	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) (donor, hydrogen peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.7) is the most abundant neutrophil enzyme and catalyzes predominantly the two-electron oxidation of ubiquitous chloride (Cl-), to generate the potent bleaching oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl), thus contributing to bacterial killing and inflammatory reactions of neutrophils.	Chlorides	185-193	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	17-20
17042493-1	2006	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) (donor, hydrogen peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.7) is the most abundant neutrophil enzyme and catalyzes predominantly the two-electron oxidation of ubiquitous chloride (Cl-), to generate the potent bleaching oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl), thus contributing to bacterial killing and inflammatory reactions of neutrophils.	Chlorides	185-193	thioredoxin reductase 1	Homo sapiens	48-62
16949040-0	2006	Overexpression of human WNK1 increases paracellular chloride permeability and phosphorylation of claudin-4 in MDCKII cells.	Chlorides	52-60	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
16949040-5	2006	Using these cell lines, we investigated whether increased WNK1 expression might affect paracellular chloride permeability and claudin phosphorylation, since we previously observed an increase in both with a disease-causing mutant WNK4.	Chlorides	100-108	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Canis lupus familiaris	58-62
16949040-9	2006	Combined, these results suggest that increased WNK1 expression has the same effect on chloride permeability and claudin phosphorylation as the mutant WNK4.	Chlorides	86-94	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Canis lupus familiaris	47-51
16949040-10	2006	Thus, increased chloride shunt may be involved in the pathogenesis of PHAII caused by WNK1 mutations.	Chlorides	16-24	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Canis lupus familiaris	86-90
16949040-6	2006	WNK1 expression in MDCKII cells increased chloride permeability two to threefold.	Chlorides	42-50	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Canis lupus familiaris	0-4
17027780-2	2006	The neuron-specific K+ -Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2) is necessary for fast synaptic inhibition via maintaining the low intracellular chloride concentration required for the hyperpolarizing actions of GABA via GABA(A) receptors.	Chlorides	131-139	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	20-43
17027780-2	2006	The neuron-specific K+ -Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2) is necessary for fast synaptic inhibition via maintaining the low intracellular chloride concentration required for the hyperpolarizing actions of GABA via GABA(A) receptors.	Chlorides	131-139	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
16899464-0	2006	Molecular mapping of the chloride-binding site in von Willebrand factor (VWF): energetics and conformational effects on the VWF/ADAMTS-13 interaction.	Chlorides	25-33	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	50-71
16899464-0	2006	Molecular mapping of the chloride-binding site in von Willebrand factor (VWF): energetics and conformational effects on the VWF/ADAMTS-13 interaction.	Chlorides	25-33	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	73-76
16899464-0	2006	Molecular mapping of the chloride-binding site in von Willebrand factor (VWF): energetics and conformational effects on the VWF/ADAMTS-13 interaction.	Chlorides	25-33	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	124-127
16899464-0	2006	Molecular mapping of the chloride-binding site in von Willebrand factor (VWF): energetics and conformational effects on the VWF/ADAMTS-13 interaction.	Chlorides	25-33	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13	Homo sapiens	128-137
16899464-2	2006	This effect is because of the specific binding of chloride ions to VWF.	Chlorides	50-58	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	67-70
16899464-9	2006	Chloride ions inhibit hydrolysis by ADAMTS-13 of the A1-A2-A3 and A1-A2 domains in the presence of either urea or high shear stress, whereas this effect was either absent or negligible in experiments using A2 and A2-A3 domains.	Chlorides	0-8	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13	Homo sapiens	36-45
16899464-10	2006	These findings show that the A1 domain contains the binding site of chloride ions that control allosterically the proteolysis by ADAMTS-13 of the Tyr1605-Met1606 bond in the A2 domain and that the R1306W mutation of type 2B VWD quenches the binding of chloride ion to the A1 domain.	Chlorides	68-76	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13	Homo sapiens	129-138
16899464-10	2006	These findings show that the A1 domain contains the binding site of chloride ions that control allosterically the proteolysis by ADAMTS-13 of the Tyr1605-Met1606 bond in the A2 domain and that the R1306W mutation of type 2B VWD quenches the binding of chloride ion to the A1 domain.	Chlorides	252-260	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13	Homo sapiens	129-138
16905250-1	2006	The potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2)-dependent intracellular chloride level determines whether neurons respond to GABA and/or glycine by depolarization or hyperpolarization.	Chlorides	14-22	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	40-44
16905250-2	2006	However, still unknown is the role of KCC2-dependent chloride homeostasis in regulating the spontaneous activity of neuronal circuits via GABA(A) receptor (GABA(A)R) and the glycine receptor (GlyR).	Chlorides	53-61	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	38-42
16905250-8	2006	Our findings suggest that KCC2-dependent chloride homeostasis is mainly involved in GABA(A)R-mediated synaptic inhibition whereas GlyR-mediated tonic action plays a totally different role in regulating hippocampal circuit activity.	Chlorides	41-49	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	26-30
16728467-1	2006	Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a secretagogue that mediates chloride secretion in intestinal epithelia.	Chlorides	68-76	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	31-34
16728467-3	2006	In the perfused rectal gland, VIP (5 nM) stimulated chloride secretion from 250 +/- 66 to 2,604 +/- 286 microeq x h(-1) x g(-1); the relative potency of peptide agonists was VIP > PHI = GHRH > PACAP > secretin, where PHI is peptide histidine isoleucine amide, GHRH is growth hormone-releasing hormone, and PACAP is pituitary adenylate cylase activating peptide.	Chlorides	52-60	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	30-33
16728467-7	2006	When sVIP-R and the CFTR chloride channel were coexpressed in Xenopus oocytes, VIP increased chloride conductance from 11.3 +/- 2 to 127 +/- 34 microS.	Chlorides	25-33	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (ATP-binding cassette sub-family C, member 7)	Xenopus laevis	20-24
16728467-8	2006	The agonist affinity for activating chloride conductance by the cloned receptor was VIP > GHRH = PHI > PACAP > secretin, a profile mirroring that in the perfused gland.	Chlorides	36-44	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	84-87
16728467-8	2006	The agonist affinity for activating chloride conductance by the cloned receptor was VIP > GHRH = PHI > PACAP > secretin, a profile mirroring that in the perfused gland.	Chlorides	36-44	growth hormone releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	93-97
16728467-8	2006	The agonist affinity for activating chloride conductance by the cloned receptor was VIP > GHRH = PHI > PACAP > secretin, a profile mirroring that in the perfused gland.	Chlorides	36-44	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Homo sapiens	109-114
16887815-3	2006	A cluster of three threonine residues at the amino-terminal domain has been implicated in the regulation of NKCC1/2 by intracellular chloride, cell volume, vasopressin, and WNK/STE-20 kinases.	Chlorides	133-141	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	108-113
16630644-8	2006	Analysis of inorganic chloride ions revealed that PCB-153 was effectively destroyed during decomposition.	Chlorides	22-30	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	50-53
17035430-10	2006	CONCLUSIONS: Mutations in CFTR that alter RNA splicing and/or functional chloride conductance are common in this population, and are likely to contribute to the susceptibility and pathogenesis of adult bronchiectasis and pulmonary NTM infection.	Chlorides	73-81	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	26-30
16906518-8	2006	The CFTR-dependent regulation of smooth muscle contraction related proteins was shown to be related to chloride and extracellular ATP and was dependent upon the PI3 Kinase and Phospholipase C pathways.	Chlorides	103-111	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
16981011-5	2006	We show that this androgen-dependent death reflects decreased expression of skeletal muscle chloride channel 1 (CLCN1) and the skeletal muscle sodium channel alpha-subunit, resulting in myotonic discharges in skeletal muscle of the lower urinary tract.	Chlorides	92-100	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 1	Mus musculus	112-117
16887815-5	2006	By using rNCC heterologous expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes, here we show that two independent intracellular chloride-depleting strategies increased rNCC activity by 3-fold.	Chlorides	113-121	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	9-13
16887815-5	2006	By using rNCC heterologous expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes, here we show that two independent intracellular chloride-depleting strategies increased rNCC activity by 3-fold.	Chlorides	113-121	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	153-157
16831863-8	2006	We find that suppression of expression of Src in developing osteoclasts results in decreased vesicular acidification, which is rescued by valinomycin, consistent with the loss of chloride conductance in the proton pump-containing vesicles.	Chlorides	179-187	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	42-45
16904086-2	2006	The molecular basis for this GABAergic response appears to be the Na+K+2Cl- cotransporter NKCC1 that contributes to the maintenance of a high intracellular chloride concentration.	Chlorides	156-164	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	90-95
16950870-0	2006	Lysosomal storage disease upon disruption of the neuronal chloride transport protein ClC-6.	Chlorides	58-66	chloride voltage-gated channel 6	Homo sapiens	85-90
17441071-2	2006	For instance, 1 a, [Fe(III)3(mu3-O)(CH2=CHCOO)6-(H2O)3]+, crystallizes in the chiral space group P3(1) as a chloride salt.	Chlorides	108-121	unconventional SNARE in the ER 1	Homo sapiens	97-102
17040873-1	2006	Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator) encodes a protein mainly functioning as a chloride channel that regulates chloride and sodium transport in secretory epithelial cells.	Chlorides	152-160	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	46-50
17040873-1	2006	Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator) encodes a protein mainly functioning as a chloride channel that regulates chloride and sodium transport in secretory epithelial cells.	Chlorides	152-160	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-108
16870565-10	2006	Owing to the proximity of the lower Elqui river waters and its tributaries to the Pacific coast, the chloride character may be induced by agricultural and marine (sea spray, fog) sources.	Chlorides	101-109	zinc finger protein, FOG family member 1	Homo sapiens	174-177
17071331-11	2006	Specifically, the roles of A4 (pendrin), A6 (PAT1), and A7 (PAT2) in chloride homeostasis, oxalate excretion, and acid-base balance are discussed.	Chlorides	69-77	solute carrier family 36 (proton/amino acid symporter), member 2	Mus musculus	60-64
16715293-0	2006	The enhancement of HCN channel instantaneous current facilitated by slow deactivation is regulated by intracellular chloride concentration.	Chlorides	116-124	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	19-22
16757479-1	2006	The sodium- and chloride-dependent electrogenic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter GAT-1, which transports two sodium ions together with GABA, is essential for synaptic transmission by this neurotransmitter.	Chlorides	16-24	solute carrier family 6 member 1	Homo sapiens	91-96
16965582-7	2006	RESULTS: Storage in 175 mL of the chloride-free, hypotonic medium at a hematocrit (Hct) level of 59 to 60 percent resulted in an elevated pHi and the maintenance of 2,3-DPG at or above the initial value for 2 weeks without loss of ATP.	Chlorides	34-42	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	138-141
16922501-2	2006	Because the primary defect of cystic fibrosis (CF) is the loss of chloride transport function of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), we hypothesized that CF neutrophils may be deficient in chlorination of bacterial components due to a limited chloride supply to the phagolysosomal compartment.	Chlorides	66-74	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	101-139
16922501-2	2006	Because the primary defect of cystic fibrosis (CF) is the loss of chloride transport function of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), we hypothesized that CF neutrophils may be deficient in chlorination of bacterial components due to a limited chloride supply to the phagolysosomal compartment.	Chlorides	66-74	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	141-145
16922501-2	2006	Because the primary defect of cystic fibrosis (CF) is the loss of chloride transport function of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), we hypothesized that CF neutrophils may be deficient in chlorination of bacterial components due to a limited chloride supply to the phagolysosomal compartment.	Chlorides	258-266	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	101-139
16922501-2	2006	Because the primary defect of cystic fibrosis (CF) is the loss of chloride transport function of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), we hypothesized that CF neutrophils may be deficient in chlorination of bacterial components due to a limited chloride supply to the phagolysosomal compartment.	Chlorides	258-266	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	141-145
16938132-3	2006	METHODS: To demonstrate that CFTR is also expressed in tracheal smooth muscle cells (TSMC), we used iodide efflux assay to analyse the chloride transports in organ culture of rat TSMC, immunofluorescence study to localize CFTR proteins and isometric contraction measurement on isolated tracheal rings to observe the implication of CFTR in the bronchodilation.	Chlorides	135-143	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	29-33
16913819-7	2006	We have successfully demonstrated the chloride ion effect on the SERS of p300.	Chlorides	38-46	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	73-77
16859673-7	2006	These results strongly suggest that CFTR opening is involved in the vasorelaxant action of genistein, and that cAMP-dependent CFTR phosphorylation and chloride entry via the NKCC1 cotransporter are required for genistein action.	Chlorides	151-159	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	174-179
16903762-8	2006	In addition, the structure of the supramolecular adduct fac-[Re(CO)3(Hdmpz)(HN=C(CH3)dmpz-kappa2N,N)].Cl (14), featuring chloride binding by the two N-H groups, was determined by X-ray diffraction.	Chlorides	121-129	FA complementation group C	Homo sapiens	56-59
16516266-8	2006	The initial chlorine is completely released in the form of chloride ion, which is slowly oxidized to Cl2 at the BDD anode.	Chlorides	59-67	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	101-104
16948978-2	2006	Defects in the CFTR gene cause abnormal chloride conductance across the apical membrane of epithelial cells, which results in progressive lung disease and also affects other organs.	Chlorides	40-48	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	15-19
16825334-0	2006	Pendrin regulation in mouse kidney primarily is chloride-dependent.	Chlorides	48-56	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	0-7
16825334-1	2006	Recent studies indicate that pendrin, an apical Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, mediates chloride reabsorption in the connecting tubule and the cortical collecting duct and therefore is involved in extracellular fluid volume regulation.	Chlorides	78-86	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	29-36
16825334-2	2006	The purpose of this study was to test whether pendrin is regulated in vivo primarily by factors that are associated with changes in renal chloride transport, by aldosterone, or by the combination of both determinants.	Chlorides	138-146	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	46-53
16825334-3	2006	For achievement of this goal, pendrin protein abundance was studied by semiquantitative immunoblotting in different mouse models with altered aldosterone secretion or tubular chloride transport, including NaCl loading, hydrochlorothiazide administration, NaCl co-transporter knockout mice, and mice with Liddle"s mutation.	Chlorides	175-183	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	30-37
16825334-5	2006	Major changes in pendrin protein expression were found in experimental models that are associated with altered renal chloride transport, whereas no significant changes were detected in pendrin protein abundance in models with altered aldosterone secretion.	Chlorides	117-125	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	17-24
16825334-8	2006	These results suggest that factors that are associated with changes in distal chloride delivery govern pendrin expression in the connecting tubule and cortical collecting duct.	Chlorides	78-86	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	103-110
16488068-8	2006	Myeloperoxidase treatment of LDL in the presence of chloride, H(2)O(2) and tryptophan protected the lipoprotein from subsequent cell-mediated oxidation.	Chlorides	52-60	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
16820787-2	2006	Mutations in the genes encoding two family members, WNK1 and WNK4, cause a chloride-dependent, thiazide-sensitive inherited syndrome of hypertension and hyperkalemia.	Chlorides	75-83	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	52-56
16820787-2	2006	Mutations in the genes encoding two family members, WNK1 and WNK4, cause a chloride-dependent, thiazide-sensitive inherited syndrome of hypertension and hyperkalemia.	Chlorides	75-83	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Homo sapiens	61-65
21690834-6	2006	Chloride interacts avidly with RR-1, efficiently condensing the monolayer, decreasing the collapse pressure, and elevating the main transition temperature.	Chlorides	0-8	ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1	Homo sapiens	31-35
16808498-5	2006	Further stabilization of these vinyl cations is achieved by a second transannular ring closure between C6 and C10 leading to the 5-8-5 tricyclic systems 27 and 28, which are further stabilized by the addition of a chloride anion.	Chlorides	214-228	homeobox C10	Homo sapiens	110-113
16674916-4	2006	[(3)H]L-AP4 binding to mGluR4 required chloride ions but not monovalent or divalent cations.	Chlorides	39-47	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA4 (alpha 4)	Mus musculus	23-29
16887815-8	2006	Elimination of these threonines together with serine residue Ser(71) completely prevented rNCC response to intracellular chloride depletion.	Chlorides	121-129	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	90-94
16800516-2	2006	Significantly smaller charge ordering is found in this liquid compared with analogous chloride and hexafluorophosphate salts due to the diffuse charge density and size of the [NTf2]- anion.	Chlorides	86-94	nuclear transport factor 2	Homo sapiens	176-180
16677615-3	2006	Here we report that secramine B, a small molecule that inhibits activation of the Rho GTPase Cdc42, reduced cAMP-stimulated chloride secretion in the human intestinal cell line T84.	Chlorides	124-132	cell division cycle 42	Homo sapiens	93-98
16380459-10	2006	Low chloride increased COX-2 expression (2.7 +/- 0.4-fold control, n = 6, P < 0.01) and pp38 expression (2.8 +/- 0.3-fold; n = 5, P < 0.01), which were reversed by the specific NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor 7-nitroindazole.	Chlorides	4-12	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	23-28
16380459-10	2006	Low chloride increased COX-2 expression (2.7 +/- 0.4-fold control, n = 6, P < 0.01) and pp38 expression (2.8 +/- 0.3-fold; n = 5, P < 0.01), which were reversed by the specific NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor 7-nitroindazole.	Chlorides	4-12	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	183-194
16621843-0	2006	Mutations in a putative chloride efflux transporter gene suppress the chloride requirement of photosystem II in the cytochrome c550-deficient mutant.	Chlorides	24-32	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	116-128
16715296-0	2006	Chloride and bicarbonate have similar affinities to the intestinal anion exchanger DRA (down regulated in adenoma).	Chlorides	0-8	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	83-86
16715296-0	2006	Chloride and bicarbonate have similar affinities to the intestinal anion exchanger DRA (down regulated in adenoma).	Chlorides	0-8	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	88-113
16716838-0	2006	Inhibitory effect of Cd2+ on glycine-induced chloride current in rat hippocampal neurons.	Chlorides	45-53	Cd2 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
16567807-6	2006	Moreover, brief applications of IL-1beta to voltage-clamped oocytes yielded a delayed potentiation of the GABA-elicited chloride currents (I(GABA)); this effect was suppressed by IL-1ra, the natural IL-1 receptor (IL-1RI) antagonist.	Chlorides	120-128	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	32-40
16567807-6	2006	Moreover, brief applications of IL-1beta to voltage-clamped oocytes yielded a delayed potentiation of the GABA-elicited chloride currents (I(GABA)); this effect was suppressed by IL-1ra, the natural IL-1 receptor (IL-1RI) antagonist.	Chlorides	120-128	interleukin 1 receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	179-185
16581025-0	2006	Trimeric structure of the wild soluble chloride intracellular ion channel CLIC4 observed in crystals.	Chlorides	39-47	chloride intracellular channel 4	Homo sapiens	74-79
16581025-1	2006	The crystal structure of a wild type of the human soluble chloride intracellular ion channel CLIC4 (wCLIC4) has been determined at a resolution of 2.2A.	Chlorides	58-66	chloride intracellular channel 4	Homo sapiens	93-98
16580683-7	2006	It is shown that the low affinity of the psychrophilic alpha-amylase for chloride is entropically driven.	Chlorides	73-81	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pancreatic alpha-amylase	Sus scrofa	55-68
16497995-10	2006	Furthermore, the nasal PDs of cigarette smokers showed a pattern typical of CFTR deficiency with a blunted response to chloride-free buffer and isoproterenol compared with nonsmokers (-9.6 +/- 4.0 vs. -22.3 +/- 10.1 mV; p < 0.001).	Chlorides	119-127	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	76-80
16497436-9	2006	Chloride-sensitive Akt pathway and tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins (pp110 and pp60) may be involved in this process.	Chlorides	0-8	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
16734747-0	2006	SPAK and OSR1, key kinases involved in the regulation of chloride transport.	Chlorides	57-65	serine/threonine kinase 39	Homo sapiens	0-4
16734747-0	2006	SPAK and OSR1, key kinases involved in the regulation of chloride transport.	Chlorides	57-65	odd-skipped related transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	9-13
16913275-5	2006	Two borderline abnormal sweat chloride tests together with isolation of Pseudomonas from the airway caused clinicians initially to suspect CF; however, mutation in gene coding for the gamma-chain of the IL-2 receptor and a negative CF genetic mutation analysis ultimately led to the final diagnosis of SCID.	Chlorides	30-38	interleukin 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	203-216
16352743-7	2006	Blocking NBC1 or NHE3 in the proximal tubule will have opposite effects on cell pH, but both maneuvers should reduce active chloride transport.	Chlorides	124-132	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	9-13
16352743-7	2006	Blocking NBC1 or NHE3 in the proximal tubule will have opposite effects on cell pH, but both maneuvers should reduce active chloride transport.	Chlorides	124-132	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
16772565-10	2006	Concentrations of sodium and chloride, and electrical conductivity increased with increasing SCC but were higher in C than in A1 and A2.	Chlorides	29-37	SCC	Bos taurus	93-96
16674916-5	2006	The EC(50) for chloride facilitation of L-AP4 binding to mGluR4 was 63mM; this value is approximately one-half of the normal resting extracellular chloride concentration.	Chlorides	15-23	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA4 (alpha 4)	Mus musculus	57-63
16674916-5	2006	The EC(50) for chloride facilitation of L-AP4 binding to mGluR4 was 63mM; this value is approximately one-half of the normal resting extracellular chloride concentration.	Chlorides	147-155	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA4 (alpha 4)	Mus musculus	57-63
16687037-11	2006	PYY inhibits many GI functions, including gastric acid secretion, gastric emptying, small bowel and colonic chloride secretion, mouth to cecum transit time, pancreatic exocrine secretion and pancreatic insulin secretion.	Chlorides	108-116	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	0-3
16868910-7	2006	Liddle"s syndrome (or type I pseudo-hyperaldosteronism (PHA1), is characterised by a constitutive activation of the epithelial sodium channels in the distal tubule, causing an increase in sodium and chloride reabsorption.	Chlorides	199-207	sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	56-60
16434565-1	2006	Protective roles for protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR(2)) in the airways including activation of epithelial chloride (Cl(-)) secretion are based on the use of presumably PAR(2)-selective peptide agonists.	Chlorides	110-118	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 1	Mus musculus	21-50
16434565-1	2006	Protective roles for protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR(2)) in the airways including activation of epithelial chloride (Cl(-)) secretion are based on the use of presumably PAR(2)-selective peptide agonists.	Chlorides	110-118	pulmonary adenoma resistance 2	Mus musculus	52-58
16434565-1	2006	Protective roles for protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR(2)) in the airways including activation of epithelial chloride (Cl(-)) secretion are based on the use of presumably PAR(2)-selective peptide agonists.	Chlorides	110-118	pulmonary adenoma resistance 2	Mus musculus	172-178
16719114-6	2006	Sulfite, sulfide, and elevated chloride decreased the NO3- reduction rate by over 2 orders of magnitude.	Chlorides	31-39	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	54-57
16424149-7	2006	We also performed a functional assay for the CFTR chloride channel in CFPAC-1 cells treated or not with curcumin and detected an increase in a cAMP-dependent chloride efflux in treated DeltaF508-CFTR-expressing cells.	Chlorides	50-58	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	45-49
16424149-7	2006	We also performed a functional assay for the CFTR chloride channel in CFPAC-1 cells treated or not with curcumin and detected an increase in a cAMP-dependent chloride efflux in treated DeltaF508-CFTR-expressing cells.	Chlorides	50-58	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	195-199
16540203-9	2006	Both, B(0)AT1 and B(0)AT2 are chloride independent, whereas IMINO is chloride dependent.	Chlorides	30-38	solute carrier family 6 member 19	Homo sapiens	6-13
16611815-1	2006	Chloride ions have been hypothesized to interact with the membrane outer hair cell (OHC) motor protein, prestin on its intracellular domain to confer voltage sensitivity (Oliver et al., 2001).	Chlorides	0-8	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	104-111
16713495-2	2006	Patients with hereditary NDI bearing mutations in AVPR2, the gene coding for the arginine vasopressin 2 receptor, or in AQP2, the gene coding for the vasopressin-sensitive water channel, have a pure NDI phenotype with loss of water, but normal conservation of sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium.	Chlorides	279-287	aquaporin 2	Homo sapiens	120-124
16585602-2	2006	We previously reported that NK-1R-mediated chloride secretion in the colon involves formation of PG.	Chlorides	43-51	tachykinin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	28-33
16421103-1	2006	We investigated the mechanisms by which S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) alters cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mediated chloride (Cl(-)) secretion across Calu-3 cells, an extensively used model of human airway gland serous cells.	Chlorides	143-151	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	75-126
16643279-3	2006	Here, we show that a limited and a maintained ER calcium level is sufficient to inhibit the F508del-CFTR/calnexin interaction and to restore the cAMP-dependent CFTR chloride transport, thus showing the correction of abnormal trafficking.	Chlorides	165-173	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	160-164
16611815-5	2006	Using the well known ototoxicant, salicylate, which competes with the putative anion binding or interaction site of prestin to assess level-dependent interactions of chloride with prestin, we determined that the resting level of chloride in OHCs is near or below 10 mm, whereas perilymphatic levels are known to be approximately 140 mm.	Chlorides	166-174	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	180-187
16421103-1	2006	We investigated the mechanisms by which S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) alters cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mediated chloride (Cl(-)) secretion across Calu-3 cells, an extensively used model of human airway gland serous cells.	Chlorides	143-151	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	128-132
16611815-5	2006	Using the well known ototoxicant, salicylate, which competes with the putative anion binding or interaction site of prestin to assess level-dependent interactions of chloride with prestin, we determined that the resting level of chloride in OHCs is near or below 10 mm, whereas perilymphatic levels are known to be approximately 140 mm.	Chlorides	229-237	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	116-123
16611815-5	2006	Using the well known ototoxicant, salicylate, which competes with the putative anion binding or interaction site of prestin to assess level-dependent interactions of chloride with prestin, we determined that the resting level of chloride in OHCs is near or below 10 mm, whereas perilymphatic levels are known to be approximately 140 mm.	Chlorides	229-237	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	180-187
16571019-1	2006	The distribution of sodium, choline, sulfate, and chloride ions around two proteins, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI), is investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations with the aim to elucidate ion adsorption at the protein surface.	Chlorides	50-58	trophoblast Kunitz domain protein 1	Bos taurus	136-153
16568972-0	2006	Chemistry of [Et4N][MoIV(SPh)(PPh3)(mnt)2] as an analogue of dissimilatory nitrate reductase with its inactivation on substitution of thiolate by chloride.	Chlorides	146-154	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	30-34
16597726-6	2006	The age-dependant change in the actions of chloride-mediated conductances is regulated by the development of chloride cotransporters (KCC2 and NKCC1).	Chlorides	43-51	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	134-138
16597726-6	2006	The age-dependant change in the actions of chloride-mediated conductances is regulated by the development of chloride cotransporters (KCC2 and NKCC1).	Chlorides	43-51	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	143-148
16339278-2	2006	Here, we report that trivalent chromium in the chloride (CrCl3) or picolinate (CrPic) salt forms mobilize the glucose transporter, GLUT4, to the plasma membrane in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	Chlorides	47-55	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	131-136
16562970-2	2006	The reactivity of Ga(DDP) (DDP = 2-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)amino-4-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino)-2-pentene) towards the rhodium-chloride bonds of [RhCl(PPh3)3] and [RhCl(COE)2]2 (COE = cyclooctene) is investigated.	Chlorides	129-137	translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A	Homo sapiens	18-25
16562970-3	2006	Reaction of the first complex leads to [(Ph3P)2Rh{Ga(DDP)}(mu-Cl)] (1), exhibiting a chloride bridging the gallium and the rhodium atoms, whereas the second complex leads to a full insertion of the Ga(DDP) ligand into the Rh-Cl bond giving [(COE)(benzene)Rh{(DDP)GaCl}] (2) on coordination of the solvent C6H6.	Chlorides	85-93	translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A	Homo sapiens	50-57
16562970-3	2006	Reaction of the first complex leads to [(Ph3P)2Rh{Ga(DDP)}(mu-Cl)] (1), exhibiting a chloride bridging the gallium and the rhodium atoms, whereas the second complex leads to a full insertion of the Ga(DDP) ligand into the Rh-Cl bond giving [(COE)(benzene)Rh{(DDP)GaCl}] (2) on coordination of the solvent C6H6.	Chlorides	85-93	translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A	Homo sapiens	53-56
16524946-0	2006	Chloride/bicarbonate exchanger SLC26A7 is localized in endosomes in medullary collecting duct cells and is targeted to the basolateral membrane in hypertonicity and potassium depletion.	Chlorides	0-8	solute carrier family 26 member 7	Homo sapiens	31-38
22061879-8	2006	It is suggested that a chloride anion assisted dissociation of iron from myoglobin could be rate-determining for Zn-pp formation in meat products.	Chlorides	23-37	myoglobin	Homo sapiens	73-82
16472777-1	2006	Phenylalanine deletion at position 508 of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (DeltaF508-CFTR), the most common mutation in cystic fibrosis (CF), causes a misfolded protein exhibiting partial chloride conductance and impaired trafficking to the plasma membrane.	Chlorides	212-220	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	46-97
16472777-1	2006	Phenylalanine deletion at position 508 of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (DeltaF508-CFTR), the most common mutation in cystic fibrosis (CF), causes a misfolded protein exhibiting partial chloride conductance and impaired trafficking to the plasma membrane.	Chlorides	212-220	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	109-113
16207791-2	2006	Because the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein can transport both chloride and bicarbonate, we investigated whether gland fluid pH is abnormal in early CF, using nasal biopsies from pediatric subjects having minimal CF lung disease.	Chlorides	85-93	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Sus scrofa	12-50
16506790-1	2006	The highly basic heme enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is released by activated phagocytes, catalyzes the production of the potent oxidant hypochlorite (HOCl) from H(2)O(2) and chloride ions (Cl(-)).	Chlorides	180-188	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	29-44
16506790-1	2006	The highly basic heme enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is released by activated phagocytes, catalyzes the production of the potent oxidant hypochlorite (HOCl) from H(2)O(2) and chloride ions (Cl(-)).	Chlorides	180-188	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	46-49
16518493-1	2006	Crystallization studies of C-methyl pyrogallarene with potassium, rubidium and caesium bromides or chlorides resulted in a hydrogen bonded molecular cage in which the alkali metal cations are eta6 coordinated to aromatic rings via strong cation-pi interactions.	Chlorides	99-108	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	175-178
16207791-2	2006	Because the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein can transport both chloride and bicarbonate, we investigated whether gland fluid pH is abnormal in early CF, using nasal biopsies from pediatric subjects having minimal CF lung disease.	Chlorides	85-93	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Sus scrofa	52-56
16288955-0	2006	Bead-like passage of chloride ions through ClC chloride channels.	Chlorides	21-29	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	43-46
16330143-9	2006	ACE activity was evaluated in the presence of different concentrations of the ACE activator chloride ion (Cl(-)).	Chlorides	92-104	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	0-3
16330143-9	2006	ACE activity was evaluated in the presence of different concentrations of the ACE activator chloride ion (Cl(-)).	Chlorides	92-104	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	78-81
16530515-6	2006	RESULTS: Agonist-stimulated chloride secretion was inhibited by IFN-gamma, an effect prevented by ST/LA or BT.	Chlorides	28-36	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	64-73
16505253-0	2006	SLC12A3 (solute carrier family 12 member [sodium/chloride] 3) polymorphisms are associated with end-stage renal disease in diabetic nephropathy.	Chlorides	49-57	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-7
16505253-3	2006	Previous studies have revealed that polymorphisms in the SLC12A3 (solute carrier family 12 member [sodium/chloride] 3) gene, which encodes solute carrier family 12 member 3, might contribute to genetic susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy and essential hypertension.	Chlorides	106-114	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	57-64
16505253-3	2006	Previous studies have revealed that polymorphisms in the SLC12A3 (solute carrier family 12 member [sodium/chloride] 3) gene, which encodes solute carrier family 12 member 3, might contribute to genetic susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy and essential hypertension.	Chlorides	106-114	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	139-172
16432888-7	2006	When the shark rectal gland CFTR channel was expressed in Xenopus oocytes and chloride conductance was measured by two-electrode voltage clamping, we found that 1 microM HgCl2 inhibited forskolin/IBMX conductance by 69.2 +/- 2.0%.	Chlorides	78-86	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	28-32
16319203-0	2006	Neuronal chloride accumulation in olfactory epithelium of mice lacking NKCC1.	Chlorides	9-17	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	71-76
16501093-2	2006	Exogenously added NSP4 induces diarrhea in rodent pups and stimulates secretory chloride currents across intestinal segments as measured in Ussing chambers.	Chlorides	80-88	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	18-22
16481627-4	2006	The data suggest that rare BM-derived epithelial cells in the GI and nasal epithelium detected in CFTR-/- transplanted mice provide a modest level of CFTR-dependent chloride secretion.	Chlorides	165-173	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	98-102
16481627-4	2006	The data suggest that rare BM-derived epithelial cells in the GI and nasal epithelium detected in CFTR-/- transplanted mice provide a modest level of CFTR-dependent chloride secretion.	Chlorides	165-173	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	150-154
16462035-2	2006	We have previously demonstrated the functional expression of the neural amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling system including betaine/GABA transporter-1 (BGT-1) with a temperature-, sodium- and chloride-dependent activity of [(3)H]GABA accumulation in cultured rat calvarial osteoblasts.	Chlorides	209-217	solute carrier family 6 member 12	Rattus norvegicus	141-167
16462035-2	2006	We have previously demonstrated the functional expression of the neural amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling system including betaine/GABA transporter-1 (BGT-1) with a temperature-, sodium- and chloride-dependent activity of [(3)H]GABA accumulation in cultured rat calvarial osteoblasts.	Chlorides	209-217	solute carrier family 6 member 12	Rattus norvegicus	169-174
16443167-4	2006	In the presence of chloride, bromide, and nitrite, the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide system caused an oxidation, bromination, and nitrosylation/nitration of eight amino acid residues of albumin as detected by fragment analysis of tryptic digests with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry.	Chlorides	19-27	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	55-70
16452663-0	2006	The chloride transporter Na(+)-K(+)-Cl- cotransporter isoform-1 contributes to intracellular chloride increases after in vitro ischemia.	Chlorides	4-12	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	25-63
16369925-5	2006	We hypothesized that acidic pH might activate chloride secretion in vivo if CLC-2 is present in human respiratory epithelia.	Chlorides	46-54	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	76-81
16430303-3	2006	The dependence of the resulting circuit elements upon the applied potential was interpreted on the basis of a general approximate approach based on a model of the electrified interphase and on the kinetics of the translocation of potassium and chloride ions across the lipid bilayer, assisted by the OmpF porin.	Chlorides	244-252	voltage dependent anion channel 1	Homo sapiens	305-310
16111649-1	2006	The formation of chloro- and bromohydrins from 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine following incubation with myeloperoxidase or eosinophil peroxidase in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, chloride and/or bromide was analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry.	Chlorides	201-209	eosinophil peroxidase	Homo sapiens	141-162
16125131-0	2006	Bromination and chlorination reactions of myeloperoxidase at physiological concentrations of bromide and chloride.	Chlorides	105-113	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	42-57
16125131-4	2006	We have investigated the ability of myeloperoxidase to produce hypobromous acid in the presence of physiological concentrations of chloride and bromide.	Chlorides	131-139	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	36-51
16291749-1	2006	The neuron-specific K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter KCC2 plays a crucial role in determining intracellular chloride activity and thus the neuronal response to gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycine.	Chlorides	100-108	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	45-49
16582987-2	2006	We studied sequence-specific interaction of the vinyl-chloride metabolite CAA with human p53 gene exons 5-8, using DNA Polymerase Fingerprint Analysis (DPFA), and identified sites of the highest sensitivity.	Chlorides	54-62	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	89-92
16195538-7	2006	Interestingly, cAMP-inducible chloride currents were enhanced in deltaF508CFTR mouse ALI cultures, making this model incompatible with CFTR complementation studies.	Chlorides	30-38	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	74-78
16505146-0	2006	EGFR kinase regulates volume-sensitive chloride current elicited by integrin stretch via PI-3K and NADPH oxidase in ventricular myocytes.	Chlorides	39-47	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	0-4
16868675-1	2006	Aquaporins (AQPs) and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) provide the molecular routes for transport of water and chloride, respectively, through many epithelial tissues.	Chlorides	141-149	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	26-77
16868675-1	2006	Aquaporins (AQPs) and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) provide the molecular routes for transport of water and chloride, respectively, through many epithelial tissues.	Chlorides	141-149	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	79-83
16429425-1	2006	D1152H is a type IV cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) mutation associated with abnormal chloride gating.	Chlorides	101-109	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	61-65
16441137-4	2006	Reaction of the benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazones with [Rh(PPh3)3Cl] in refluxing ethanol in the absence of NEt3 affords another group of organorhodium complexes, in which the thiosemicarbazones are coordinated to rhodium as tridentate CNS donors, along with two triphenylphosphines and a chloride.	Chlorides	287-295	protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	57-61
16779911-0	2006	17beta-estradiol potentiates the cardiac cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride current in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes.	Chlorides	93-101	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cavia porcellus	41-92
16779911-1	2006	There is a well-characterized membrane chloride current (ICl,cAMP) in the heart that can be activated by beta-adrenergic agonists and is due to expression of the cardiac isoform of the epithelial cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Chlorides	39-47	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cavia porcellus	196-247
16779911-1	2006	There is a well-characterized membrane chloride current (ICl,cAMP) in the heart that can be activated by beta-adrenergic agonists and is due to expression of the cardiac isoform of the epithelial cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Chlorides	39-47	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cavia porcellus	249-253
16421216-0	2006	Expression of SLC26A3, CFTR and NHE3 in the human male reproductive tract: role in male subfertility caused by congenital chloride diarrhoea.	Chlorides	122-130	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	14-21
16421216-0	2006	Expression of SLC26A3, CFTR and NHE3 in the human male reproductive tract: role in male subfertility caused by congenital chloride diarrhoea.	Chlorides	122-130	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	32-36
16286476-2	2006	AE2 polypeptides regulate pH(i), chloride concentration, cell volume, and transepithelial ion transport in many tissues.	Chlorides	33-41	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	0-3
16125131-15	2006	We conclude that at physiological concentrations of chloride and bromide, hypobromous acid can be a major oxidant produced by myeloperoxidase.	Chlorides	52-60	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	126-141
16179642-11	2006	However, the number of observed chimeric epithelial cells is small and new strategies for enhancing airway epithelial remodeling by adult bone marrow-derived cells will be necessary for correction of defective CFTR-dependent chloride transport.	Chlorides	225-233	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	210-214
16388589-4	2006	Their stabilities depend significantly upon the presence of salt: strongly for NaCl but less so for NaF, demonstrating specific interactions with chloride ions.	Chlorides	146-154	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	100-103
16388589-7	2006	A comparison of the effects of NaCl/KCl with NaF showed that homeodomain binding results in a release not only of cations from the DNA phosphates but also of chloride ions specifically associated with the proteins.	Chlorides	158-166	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	45-48
16339962-14	2006	Finally, the role of WNK4 protein kinase in shunting chloride across the TJ of the distal nephron will be addressed.	Chlorides	53-61	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Bos taurus	21-25
16791000-3	2006	METHODS: Chloride uptake studies were made using HEK293-Phoenix cells expressing human wild type SLC26A4 (pendrin) and a mutant (SLC26A4(S28R)) we recently described in a patient with hypothyroidism, goiter and sensorineural hearing loss.	Chlorides	9-17	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	97-104
16791000-3	2006	METHODS: Chloride uptake studies were made using HEK293-Phoenix cells expressing human wild type SLC26A4 (pendrin) and a mutant (SLC26A4(S28R)) we recently described in a patient with hypothyroidism, goiter and sensorineural hearing loss.	Chlorides	9-17	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	129-136
16791000-6	2006	Furthermore, we show that the SLC26A4 induced chloride uptake in HEK293-Phoenix cells competes with iodide, and, in addition, that the chloride uptake can be blocked by NPPB and niflumic acid, whereas DIDS is ineffective.	Chlorides	46-54	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	30-37
16791000-6	2006	Furthermore, we show that the SLC26A4 induced chloride uptake in HEK293-Phoenix cells competes with iodide, and, in addition, that the chloride uptake can be blocked by NPPB and niflumic acid, whereas DIDS is ineffective.	Chlorides	46-54	natriuretic peptide B	Homo sapiens	169-173
16791000-6	2006	Furthermore, we show that the SLC26A4 induced chloride uptake in HEK293-Phoenix cells competes with iodide, and, in addition, that the chloride uptake can be blocked by NPPB and niflumic acid, whereas DIDS is ineffective.	Chlorides	135-143	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	30-37
16791000-6	2006	Furthermore, we show that the SLC26A4 induced chloride uptake in HEK293-Phoenix cells competes with iodide, and, in addition, that the chloride uptake can be blocked by NPPB and niflumic acid, whereas DIDS is ineffective.	Chlorides	135-143	natriuretic peptide B	Homo sapiens	169-173
16791002-0	2006	Arsenic inhibits CFTR-mediated chloride secretion by killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) opercular membrane.	Chlorides	31-39	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Fundulus heteroclitus	17-21
16914887-6	2006	Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments show that chloride current activation by 20 mM glucose and glucose-induced cell swelling are accompanied by a significant, transient redistribution of the membrane associated fraction of ICln, a multifunctional "connector hub" protein involved in cell volume regulation and generation of RVD currents.	Chlorides	68-76	chloride nucleotide-sensitive channel 1A	Rattus norvegicus	245-249
16914891-2	2006	It is generally assumed that SLC26A4 acts as a chloride/anion exchanger, which in the thyroid gland transports iodide, and in the inner ear contributes to the conditioning of the endolymphatic fluid.	Chlorides	47-55	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	29-36
16914891-4	2006	The validation of the method was done by functionally characterizing the chloride/iodide transport of SLC26A4, and a mutant, i.e. SLC26A4(S28R), which we previously described in a patient with sensorineural hearing loss, hypothyroidism and goiter.	Chlorides	73-81	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	102-109
16914891-5	2006	Using the fluorometric method we describe here we can continuously monitor and quantify the iodide or chloride amounts transported by the cells, and we found that the transport capability of the SLC26A4(S28R) mutant protein is markedly reduced if compared to wild-type SLC26A4.	Chlorides	102-110	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	195-202
16787252-2	2006	In the intestine CFTR provides the major route for chloride secretion in certain diarrheas.	Chlorides	51-59	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	17-21
16157656-0	2006	Mechanism of chloride permeation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channel.	Chlorides	13-21	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	40-91
16157656-7	2006	Chloride ion binding sites also interact with larger anions that can occlude the pore and block Cl- permeation, thus inhibiting CFTR function.	Chlorides	0-8	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	128-132
16317066-1	2006	Enterotoxin-mediated secretory diarrheas such as cholera involve chloride secretion by enterocytes into the intestinal lumen by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel.	Chlorides	65-73	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	132-183
16317066-1	2006	Enterotoxin-mediated secretory diarrheas such as cholera involve chloride secretion by enterocytes into the intestinal lumen by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel.	Chlorides	65-73	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	185-189
16317066-4	2006	Compounds rapidly, fully and reversibly blocked CFTR-mediated chloride current with Ki of 2-8 microM when added to the apical surface of epithelial cell monolayers.	Chlorides	62-70	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	48-52
17176753-8	2006	Antiparasitics--avermectins--bind to a receptor of this Gab-gated chlorine channel in the nerve fiber of nematodes and anthropodes, increasing the permeability of the membrane for chloride ions; the increased transport of chloride ions into the cell causes the death of the parasite.	Chlorides	180-188	alpha-1-B glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	56-59
17176753-8	2006	Antiparasitics--avermectins--bind to a receptor of this Gab-gated chlorine channel in the nerve fiber of nematodes and anthropodes, increasing the permeability of the membrane for chloride ions; the increased transport of chloride ions into the cell causes the death of the parasite.	Chlorides	222-230	alpha-1-B glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	56-59
16401467-9	2006	GLP-2 administration caused an approximately 15% reduction in pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid and chloride secretion (P < .01), whereas gastric emptying was not affected (P = .99).	Chlorides	103-111	glucagon	Homo sapiens	0-5
16166603-5	2006	In clearance experiments, urinary chloride excretion was found to be higher in Gal 3-/- than in WT mice (p < 0.04), but there was no difference in urinary bicarbonate excretion, in glomerular filtration, or urinary flow rates.	Chlorides	34-42	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	79-84
16881598-1	2006	OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine whether polymorphisms in the XRCC1 DNA-repair protein can affect the base excision repair capacity to remove etheno-DNA adducts induced by vinyl chloride exposure that account for the occurrence of mutant biomarkers of effect seen in exposed workers.	Chlorides	198-206	X-ray repair cross complementing 1	Homo sapiens	82-87
16881598-1	2006	OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine whether polymorphisms in the XRCC1 DNA-repair protein can affect the base excision repair capacity to remove etheno-DNA adducts induced by vinyl chloride exposure that account for the occurrence of mutant biomarkers of effect seen in exposed workers.	Chlorides	198-206	X-ray repair cross complementing 6 pseudogene 5	Homo sapiens	88-106
16940954-2	2006	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) catalyzes reaction of hydrogen peroxide with chloride ion to produce hypochlorous acid that is used for microbial killing by phagocytic cells.	Chlorides	67-75	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	0-15
16818377-2	2006	NPR-B was activated by natriuretic peptides (CNP-53 > ANP-28) at the ligand extracellular domain, stimulated by Gq-protein activators, such as mastoparan, and inhibited by Gi-sensitive chloride, interacting at the juxtamembrane domain.	Chlorides	188-196	natriuretic peptide receptor 2	Bos taurus	0-5
16818377-5	2006	Most NPR-B biochemical properties remained after detergent solubilization but the mastoparan activation and chloride inhibition of NPR-B disappeared.	Chlorides	108-116	natriuretic peptide receptor 2	Bos taurus	131-136
16818377-6	2006	Our results indicate that NPR-B is a highly regulated nano-machinery with domains acting at cross-talk points with other signal transducing cascades initiated by G protein-coupled receptors and affected by intracellular ligands such as chloride, Mn2+, Mg2+, ATP, and GTP.	Chlorides	236-244	natriuretic peptide receptor 2	Bos taurus	26-31
16251351-1	2006	KCa3.1 is an intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel that is expressed predominantly in hematopoietic cells, smooth muscle cells, and epithelia where it functions to regulate membrane potential, Ca2+ influx, cell volume, and chloride secretion.	Chlorides	236-244	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
16940954-2	2006	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) catalyzes reaction of hydrogen peroxide with chloride ion to produce hypochlorous acid that is used for microbial killing by phagocytic cells.	Chlorides	67-75	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	17-20
17120772-6	2006	Here, we review and extend data indicating that charge movement by prestin and consequently electromotility depend on the presence of small monovalent anions such as chloride and bicarbonate at the cytoplasmic side of the membrane.	Chlorides	166-174	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	67-74
16097950-0	2005	Specific conformational changes of plasminogen induced by chloride ions, 6-aminohexanoic acid and benzamidine, but not the overall openness of plasminogen regulate, production of biologically active angiostatins.	Chlorides	58-66	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	35-46
16354689-8	2006	In the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampal CA3 region, where AE3 is strongly expressed, disruption of AE3 abolished sodium-independent chloride-bicarbonate exchange.	Chlorides	139-147	carbonic anhydrase 3	Mus musculus	47-50
16354689-8	2006	In the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampal CA3 region, where AE3 is strongly expressed, disruption of AE3 abolished sodium-independent chloride-bicarbonate exchange.	Chlorides	139-147	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	106-109
16798551-12	2006	In patients carrying class IV mutations, phosphorylation of CFTR results in reduced chloride transport.	Chlorides	84-92	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	60-64
20641363-3	2004	CBRs have been studied in vivo by positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography, and the existence of a specific benzodiazepine receptor linked to the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor/chloride ionophore has been shown by use of diazepam (4).	Chlorides	227-235	GABA type A receptor-associated protein	Homo sapiens	187-226
16388417-8	2005	Cleavage of vWF appears to be modulated by shear force, binding to platelet or platelet glycoprotein-1balpha, heparin, inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-6), and chloride ion.	Chlorides	162-170	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	12-15
16107207-1	2005	Human AE1 (anion exchanger 1) is a membrane glycoprotein found in erythrocytes and as a truncated form (kAE1) in the BLM (basolateral membrane) of a-intercalated cells of the distal nephron, where they carry out electroneutral chloride/bicarbonate exchange.	Chlorides	227-235	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	6-9
16107207-1	2005	Human AE1 (anion exchanger 1) is a membrane glycoprotein found in erythrocytes and as a truncated form (kAE1) in the BLM (basolateral membrane) of a-intercalated cells of the distal nephron, where they carry out electroneutral chloride/bicarbonate exchange.	Chlorides	227-235	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	11-28
16107207-1	2005	Human AE1 (anion exchanger 1) is a membrane glycoprotein found in erythrocytes and as a truncated form (kAE1) in the BLM (basolateral membrane) of a-intercalated cells of the distal nephron, where they carry out electroneutral chloride/bicarbonate exchange.	Chlorides	227-235	O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase	Homo sapiens	104-108
16203733-5	2005	Transfection of 16HBE14o- monolayers with vectors encoding for wild-type (wt) NHERF1 increased both apical CFTR expression and apical protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent CFTR-mediated chloride efflux, whereas transfection with NHERF1 mutated in the binding groove of the PDZ domains or truncated for the ERM domain inhibited both the apical CFTR expression and the CFTR-dependent chloride efflux.	Chlorides	181-189	SLC9A3 regulator 1	Homo sapiens	78-84
16203733-5	2005	Transfection of 16HBE14o- monolayers with vectors encoding for wild-type (wt) NHERF1 increased both apical CFTR expression and apical protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent CFTR-mediated chloride efflux, whereas transfection with NHERF1 mutated in the binding groove of the PDZ domains or truncated for the ERM domain inhibited both the apical CFTR expression and the CFTR-dependent chloride efflux.	Chlorides	181-189	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	167-171
16203733-5	2005	Transfection of 16HBE14o- monolayers with vectors encoding for wild-type (wt) NHERF1 increased both apical CFTR expression and apical protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent CFTR-mediated chloride efflux, whereas transfection with NHERF1 mutated in the binding groove of the PDZ domains or truncated for the ERM domain inhibited both the apical CFTR expression and the CFTR-dependent chloride efflux.	Chlorides	181-189	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	167-171
16203733-5	2005	Transfection of 16HBE14o- monolayers with vectors encoding for wild-type (wt) NHERF1 increased both apical CFTR expression and apical protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent CFTR-mediated chloride efflux, whereas transfection with NHERF1 mutated in the binding groove of the PDZ domains or truncated for the ERM domain inhibited both the apical CFTR expression and the CFTR-dependent chloride efflux.	Chlorides	181-189	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	167-171
16203733-5	2005	Transfection of 16HBE14o- monolayers with vectors encoding for wild-type (wt) NHERF1 increased both apical CFTR expression and apical protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent CFTR-mediated chloride efflux, whereas transfection with NHERF1 mutated in the binding groove of the PDZ domains or truncated for the ERM domain inhibited both the apical CFTR expression and the CFTR-dependent chloride efflux.	Chlorides	377-385	SLC9A3 regulator 1	Homo sapiens	78-84
16203733-7	2005	Importantly, wt NHERF1 overexpression in confluent DeltaF508 CFBE41o- and DeltaF508 CFT1-C2 cell monolayers induced both a significant redistribution of CFTR from the cytoplasm to the apical membrane and a PKA-dependent activation of CFTR-dependent chloride secretion.	Chlorides	249-257	SLC9A3 regulator 1	Homo sapiens	16-22
16286506-4	2005	mClC-2 was cloned from mouse salivary glands, expressed in HEK 293 cells, and the resulting chloride currents (I(Cl)) were measured using whole cell patch clamp.	Chlorides	92-100	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	0-6
16301672-0	2005	Inhibitory effects of chloride on the activation of caspase-1, IL-1beta secretion, and cytolysis by the P2X7 receptor.	Chlorides	22-30	caspase 1	Mus musculus	52-61
16301672-0	2005	Inhibitory effects of chloride on the activation of caspase-1, IL-1beta secretion, and cytolysis by the P2X7 receptor.	Chlorides	22-30	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	63-71
16301672-0	2005	Inhibitory effects of chloride on the activation of caspase-1, IL-1beta secretion, and cytolysis by the P2X7 receptor.	Chlorides	22-30	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	104-117
15964603-2	2005	Activation of the heterologously expressed human 5-HT(1A) receptor induced two distinct currents in Xenopus oocytes, consisting of a smooth inward current (I(smooth)) and an oscillatory calcium-activated chloride current, I(Cl(Ca)).	Chlorides	204-212	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	49-66
16056234-3	2005	In the jejunum, the chloride-secretory response to basolateral UTP was partially reduced in both P2Y(2)- (40%) and P2Y(4)- (60%) null mice.	Chlorides	20-28	purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 2	Mus musculus	97-103
16260376-1	2005	Upon inflammation, activated neutrophils secrete myeloperoxidase, an enzyme able to generate hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions.	Chlorides	145-153	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	49-64
16171780-0	2005	Thiol-containing molecules interact with the myeloperoxidase/H2O2/chloride system to inhibit LDL oxidation.	Chlorides	66-74	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	45-60
16255571-4	2005	These reactive DESI experiments (reactions accompanying desorption) produce such ions as the chloride and trifluoroacetate adducts of RDX and HMX or the Meisenheimer complex of TNT.	Chlorides	93-101	radixin	Homo sapiens	134-137
16140537-1	2005	Thio- and selenoxanthylium dyes were prepared by the addition of 2-lithiothiophene, 4-N,N-dimethylaminophenylmagnesium bromide, and 1-naphthylmagnesium bromide to the appropriate 2,7-bis-N,N-dimethylaminochalcogenoxanthen-9-one, followed by dehydration and ion exchange to the chloride salts.	Chlorides	277-285	acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
16227998-0	2005	Monovalent cation leaks in human red cells caused by single amino-acid substitutions in the transport domain of the band 3 chloride-bicarbonate exchanger, AE1.	Chlorides	123-131	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	155-158
16056234-0	2005	The role of epithelial P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors in the regulation of intestinal chloride secretion.	Chlorides	79-87	purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 2	Mus musculus	23-27
16226950-3	2005	Our hypothesis is that the 5-HT3 receptor agonist, 2-methyl-5-HT (2Me5HT), induces chloride secretion despite neural blockade, which can be blocked by a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist.	Chlorides	83-91	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Rattus norvegicus	27-41
16226950-3	2005	Our hypothesis is that the 5-HT3 receptor agonist, 2-methyl-5-HT (2Me5HT), induces chloride secretion despite neural blockade, which can be blocked by a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist.	Chlorides	83-91	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Rattus norvegicus	153-167
16226950-8	2005	CONCLUSIONS: A 5-HT3 receptor is present at the mucosal level that mediates chloride secretion by a nonneural pathway.	Chlorides	76-84	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Rattus norvegicus	15-29
15893790-0	2005	LP/LIF study of the formation and consumption of mercury (I) chloride: kinetics of mercury chlorination.	Chlorides	61-69	LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine	Homo sapiens	3-6
16260428-1	2005	OBJECTIVE: The SLC26A4 protein (pendrin) seems to be involved in the exchange of chloride with other anions, therefore being responsible for iodide organification in the thyroid gland and the conditioning of the endolymphatic fluid in the inner ear.	Chlorides	81-89	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	15-22
16260428-1	2005	OBJECTIVE: The SLC26A4 protein (pendrin) seems to be involved in the exchange of chloride with other anions, therefore being responsible for iodide organification in the thyroid gland and the conditioning of the endolymphatic fluid in the inner ear.	Chlorides	81-89	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	32-39
16260428-5	2005	Recently, it has been shown that human pendrin expressed in monkey cells leads to chloride currents.	Chlorides	82-90	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	39-46
16260428-8	2005	CONCLUSION: Our experiments suggest that the SLC26A4-induced chloride transport is electroneutral when expressed in human cellular systems.	Chlorides	61-69	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	45-52
16271048-1	2005	The K+/Cl- co-transporter KCC2 maintains the low intracellular chloride concentration required for fast synaptic inhibition and is exclusively expressed in neurones of the CNS.	Chlorides	63-71	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	26-30
15994425-12	2005	The data suggest that a portion of the inhibitory effect of nitric oxide donors on cAMP-dependent chloride secretion is through the inhibition of cAMP-dependent insertion of CFTR into the apical plasma membrane.	Chlorides	98-106	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	174-178
16271036-0	2005	Role of two chloride-binding sites in functioning of testicular angiotensin-converting enzyme.	Chlorides	12-20	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Bos taurus	64-93
16271036-1	2005	Modeling the structure of the C-domain of bovine angiotensin-converting enzyme revealed two putative chloride-binding sites.	Chlorides	101-109	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Bos taurus	49-78
16271036-4	2005	A general scheme for the effect of chloride anions on activity of the C-domain of bovine angiotensin-converting enzyme accounting for binding the "activating" and "inhibiting" anions is suggested.	Chlorides	35-43	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Bos taurus	89-118
16056234-3	2005	In the jejunum, the chloride-secretory response to basolateral UTP was partially reduced in both P2Y(2)- (40%) and P2Y(4)- (60%) null mice.	Chlorides	20-28	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 4	Mus musculus	115-121
16056234-6	2005	The colonic chloride-secretory response to either basolateral or apical UTP was abolished in P2Y(4)-deficient mice, but not significantly affected in P2Y(2)-deficient mice.	Chlorides	12-20	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 4	Mus musculus	93-99
16056234-7	2005	The chloride-secretory response to forskolin was potentiated by prior basolateral addition of UTP and this potentiation was abolished in P2Y(4)-null mice.	Chlorides	4-12	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 4	Mus musculus	137-143
16176272-5	2005	Purified, recombinant, wild-type CLIC4 is shown to bind to artificial lipid bilayers, induce a chloride efflux current when associated with artificial liposomes and produce an ion channel in artificial bilayers with a conductance of 30 pS.	Chlorides	95-103	chloride intracellular channel 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
16056234-9	2005	In conclusion, the P2Y(4) receptor fully mediates the chloride-secretory response to UTP in both small and large intestines, except at the basolateral side of the jejunum, where both P2Y(2) and P2Y(4) receptors are involved.	Chlorides	54-62	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 4	Mus musculus	19-34
16056234-9	2005	In conclusion, the P2Y(4) receptor fully mediates the chloride-secretory response to UTP in both small and large intestines, except at the basolateral side of the jejunum, where both P2Y(2) and P2Y(4) receptors are involved.	Chlorides	54-62	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 4	Mus musculus	19-25
16834244-2	2005	Accompanying ab initio calculations at the MP2/6-311++G(2df,2p) level for the n = 1-3 clusters suggest that methane molecules prefer to attach to the chloride anion by single linear H-bonds and sit adjacent to one another.	Chlorides	150-164	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	43-46
16177189-0	2005	Cocoa-related flavonoids inhibit CFTR-mediated chloride transport across T84 human colon epithelia.	Chlorides	47-55	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	33-37
16093448-3	2005	Patients who have congenital NDI and bear mutations in the AVPR2 or AQP2 genes have a "pure" NDI phenotype with loss of water but normal conservation of sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium.	Chlorides	172-180	arginine vasopressin receptor 2	Homo sapiens	59-64
16093448-3	2005	Patients who have congenital NDI and bear mutations in the AVPR2 or AQP2 genes have a "pure" NDI phenotype with loss of water but normal conservation of sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium.	Chlorides	172-180	aquaporin 2	Homo sapiens	68-72
16037943-5	2005	In primary cultures of human gallbladder epithelial cells, VIP induced cAMP production and chloride secretion.	Chlorides	91-99	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	59-62
16035007-6	2005	In the case of the chloride anion complex, the formation of Cl(-)-bridged 1D networks, in which anion is associated with two BF2 complexes, is observed in the solid state.	Chlorides	19-33	forkhead box G1	Homo sapiens	125-128
16131188-1	2005	The cis-trans chloride isomerization of a ruthenium olefin metathesis catalyst is studied using quantum mechanics (B3LYP DFT), including the Poisson-Boltzmann (PBF) continuum approximation.	Chlorides	14-22	zinc finger protein 395	Homo sapiens	160-163
16097805-18	2005	Similarly, decomposition of P9 led to the formation of P4-2, P6, and nucleoside products resulting from opening of the oxirane ring by dihydrogen phosphate ion, water, or chloride ion.	Chlorides	171-179	erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.2	Homo sapiens	55-59
16099717-7	2005	The elevated nighttime excretion, with values similar to those in the daytime, hint at a possibly elevated fluid, sodium, and chloride intake during daytime.	Chlorides	126-134	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	79-83
16127463-4	2005	Screening of 150,000 chemically diverse compounds and more than 1,500 analogs of active compounds yielded several classes of DeltaF508-CFTR correctors (aminoarylthiazoles, quinazolinylaminopyrimidinones, and bisaminomethylbithiazoles) with micromolar potency that produced greater apical membrane chloride current than did low-temperature rescue.	Chlorides	297-305	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	135-139
16220354-0	2005	Mouse extrahepatic hepatoma detected on MicroPET using copper (II)-64 chloride uptake mediated by endogenous mouse copper transporter 1.	Chlorides	70-78	solute carrier family 31, member 1	Mus musculus	115-135
15880796-12	2005	In patients carrying class IV mutations, phosphorylation of CFTR results in reduced chloride transport.	Chlorides	84-92	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	60-64
16005714-10	2005	The present findings suggest that decorin and thrombospondin-1 may participate in the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis and may have some relation with TGF-beta1 in mercuric chloride-treated BN rats.	Chlorides	183-191	decorin	Rattus norvegicus	34-41
16005714-10	2005	The present findings suggest that decorin and thrombospondin-1 may participate in the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis and may have some relation with TGF-beta1 in mercuric chloride-treated BN rats.	Chlorides	183-191	thrombospondin 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-62
16005714-10	2005	The present findings suggest that decorin and thrombospondin-1 may participate in the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis and may have some relation with TGF-beta1 in mercuric chloride-treated BN rats.	Chlorides	183-191	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	161-170
15967736-1	2005	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which accounts for the cAMP-modulated chloride conductance of airway epithelial cells.	Chlorides	141-149	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	51-89
16167518-2	2005	Besides its antiinflammatory and antimicrobial activities, one possibility could be the overexpression induction of the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), which could affect chloride transport, thus overcoming the ion transport defect of cystic fibrosis.	Chlorides	186-194	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3	Homo sapiens	120-159
16167518-2	2005	Besides its antiinflammatory and antimicrobial activities, one possibility could be the overexpression induction of the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), which could affect chloride transport, thus overcoming the ion transport defect of cystic fibrosis.	Chlorides	186-194	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3	Homo sapiens	161-164
15967736-1	2005	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which accounts for the cAMP-modulated chloride conductance of airway epithelial cells.	Chlorides	141-149	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	91-95
16167518-8	2005	A significant direct correlation was found between MRP mRNA expression levels and NPD chloride response after azithromycin treatment (p = 0.04, r = 0.78).	Chlorides	86-94	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3	Homo sapiens	51-54
15923180-5	2005	In symmetrical NaCl, triethylammonium chloride, and NMDG+ chloride solutions, the P2X7R current followed a linear current/voltage relationship.	Chlorides	38-46	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	82-87
15901792-3	2005	Herein, we report the activation of CFTR-mediated chloride secretion by phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitors in T84 monolayer using (125)I anion as tracer.	Chlorides	50-58	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	36-40
16034422-0	2005	Voltage-dependent electrogenic chloride/proton exchange by endosomal CLC proteins.	Chlorides	31-39	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	69-72
15905165-1	2005	GAT-1 is a sodium- and chloride-dependent gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter and is the first identified member of a family of transporters that maintain low synaptic neurotransmitter levels and thereby enable efficient synaptic transmission.	Chlorides	23-31	solute carrier family 6 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
15913556-2	2005	It is produced from H2O2 and chloride by the heme enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO).	Chlorides	29-37	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	57-72
15913556-2	2005	It is produced from H2O2 and chloride by the heme enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO).	Chlorides	29-37	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	74-77
15981995-4	2005	In this study, we have performed a structural characterization of the binding of two halides, iodide and chloride, to TTR.	Chlorides	105-113	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	118-121
15981995-5	2005	Chlorides are known to shield charge repulsions at the tetrameric interface of TTR, which improve tetramer stability of the protein.	Chlorides	0-9	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	79-82
15981995-8	2005	The structure of chloride-bound TTR was determined at 1.9 A resolution using difference Fourier techniques.	Chlorides	17-25	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	32-35
15849242-1	2005	The GABA transporter GAT1 removes the neurotransmitter GABA from the synaptic cleft by coupling of GABA uptake to the co-transport of two sodium ions and one chloride ion.	Chlorides	158-166	solute carrier family 6 member 1	Homo sapiens	21-25
15952991-0	2005	A CFTR mutation (D1152H) in a family with mild lung disease and normal sweat chlorides.	Chlorides	77-86	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	2-6
15857421-0	2005	Homozygosity for L997F in a child with normal clinical and chloride secretory phenotype provides evidence that this cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mutation does not cause cystic fibrosis.	Chlorides	59-67	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	116-167
15921678-5	2005	As activation of CFTR and KCNN4 work in unison to promote epithelial chloride secretion, CBIQ is a new chemical scaffold for developing agents that may be useful in cystic fibrosis.	Chlorides	69-77	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	17-21
15921678-5	2005	As activation of CFTR and KCNN4 work in unison to promote epithelial chloride secretion, CBIQ is a new chemical scaffold for developing agents that may be useful in cystic fibrosis.	Chlorides	69-77	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
15829707-1	2005	Knockout mouse models and human inherited diseases have provided important new insights into the physiologic role of chloride transport by CLC Cl(-) channels and KCC K-Cl co-transporters.	Chlorides	117-125	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	139-142
15897295-7	2005	When mapped onto prokaryotic structures, MTSES/AMS-sensitive residues cluster around bound chloride ions, and the correlation is even stronger in the ClC-0 homology model developed by Corry et al.	Chlorides	91-99	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	150-153
16046831-9	2005	When using tap water for surgical hand washing, 1) the hand-rubbing method should be used; 2) a quick-alcohol-based disinfectant scrub should be used; 3) the concentration of free chloride in the water should be maintained at over 0.1 PPM; 4) the bacterial contamination of the water should be checked; and 5) the faucet should be routinely cleaned and sterilized.	Chlorides	180-188	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	11-14
16023076-8	2005	Whole-cell patch clamp studies in HEK293 cells transfected with the clone identified a niflumic acid (a CLCA channel blocker)-sensitive and voltage-dependent chloride current but we could not observe this chloride current in mock-transfected cells.	Chlorides	158-166	chloride channel accessory 5	Rattus norvegicus	104-108
15996659-1	2005	The CFTR, encoded by the gene mutated in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, is responsible for cAMP dependent chloride transport in epithelia.	Chlorides	106-114	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-8
16008552-7	2005	Thus ACE2 has only one chloride-binding site (CL1) whereas ACE has two sites.	Chlorides	23-31	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	5-9
16008552-7	2005	Thus ACE2 has only one chloride-binding site (CL1) whereas ACE has two sites.	Chlorides	23-31	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	5-8
15926041-5	2005	The recovery of pH(i) was dependent upon extracellular chloride, but independent of extracellular sodium.	Chlorides	55-63	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	16-21
15926041-8	2005	Under sodium and chloride-free conditions, counter-regulation after CO2-induced pH(i) decrease did not differ from pH(i) recovery in the presence of sodium and chloride.	Chlorides	17-25	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	80-85
15786415-2	2005	It is caused by mutations in the skeletal muscle chloride channel gene CLCN1 on chromosome 7.	Chlorides	49-57	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	71-76
15901896-0	2005	Guanylin and E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin induce chloride secretion through direct interaction with basolateral compartment of rat and human colonic cells.	Chlorides	52-60	guanylate cyclase activator 2A	Homo sapiens	0-8
15833737-0	2005	Interleukin-1beta differentially regulates beta2 adrenoreceptor and prostaglandin E2-mediated cAMP accumulation and chloride efflux from Calu-3 bronchial epithelial cells.	Chlorides	116-124	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	0-17
15833737-5	2005	The cAMP changes were all mirrored by alterations in chloride efflux assessed using the fluorescent chloride probe N-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-6-methoxyquinolinium bromide with interleukin-1beta increasing chloride efflux in response to isoprenaline and reducing the response to prostaglandin E2.	Chlorides	53-61	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	174-191
15833737-5	2005	The cAMP changes were all mirrored by alterations in chloride efflux assessed using the fluorescent chloride probe N-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-6-methoxyquinolinium bromide with interleukin-1beta increasing chloride efflux in response to isoprenaline and reducing the response to prostaglandin E2.	Chlorides	100-108	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	174-191
15833737-6	2005	Studies with glibenclamide confirmed that chloride efflux was via the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.	Chlorides	42-50	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	70-121
15833737-8	2005	Collectively, these results provide mechanistic insight into how interleukin-1beta can differentially regulate cAMP generation and chloride efflux in response to different adenylyl cyclase-coupled ligands in the same cell.	Chlorides	131-139	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	65-82
15935952-3	2005	TNF-alpha inhibited net water and chloride absorption, down-regulated in both surface and crypt colonocytes the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter, and reduced the protein expression and activity of the Na+-K+ ATPase.	Chlorides	34-42	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
15883004-6	2005	A chloride ion was found in the center of the dimer, providing explanation for the contribution of chloride ion to dPGM activities.	Chlorides	2-10	Phosphoglucose mutase 1	Drosophila melanogaster	115-119
15883004-6	2005	A chloride ion was found in the center of the dimer, providing explanation for the contribution of chloride ion to dPGM activities.	Chlorides	99-107	Phosphoglucose mutase 1	Drosophila melanogaster	115-119
15809291-0	2005	Role of chloride ions in modulation of the interaction between von Willebrand factor and ADAMTS-13.	Chlorides	8-16	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	63-84
15809291-0	2005	Role of chloride ions in modulation of the interaction between von Willebrand factor and ADAMTS-13.	Chlorides	8-16	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13	Homo sapiens	89-98
15809291-7	2005	Ristocetin binding to VWF could reduce the apparent affinity and reverse the inhibitory effect of chloride.	Chlorides	98-106	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	22-25
15809291-8	2005	We hypothesize that, after secretion into the extracellular compartment, VWF is bound by chloride ions abundantly present in this milieu, becoming unavailable to proteolysis by AD-AMTS-13.	Chlorides	89-97	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	73-76
15809291-9	2005	Shear forces, which facilitate GpIbalpha binding (this effect being artificially obtained by ristocetin), can reverse the inhibitory effect of chloride, whose concentration gradient across the cell membrane may represent a simple but efficient strategy to regulate the enzymatic activity of ADAMTS-13.	Chlorides	143-151	glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	31-40
15809291-9	2005	Shear forces, which facilitate GpIbalpha binding (this effect being artificially obtained by ristocetin), can reverse the inhibitory effect of chloride, whose concentration gradient across the cell membrane may represent a simple but efficient strategy to regulate the enzymatic activity of ADAMTS-13.	Chlorides	143-151	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13	Homo sapiens	291-300
15911318-4	2005	Structure-activity analysis indicates that replacements of chlorides of EA by methyl, bromide, and fluoride at 3" position remain the GSTP1-1 inhibitory effect.	Chlorides	59-68	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	134-141
15937449-8	2005	It was found that the PD and dPD values of the rabbit cecum depend primarily on chloride ion transport, while those of the colon depend on sodium ion transport.	Chlorides	80-88	dachs	Drosophila melanogaster	22-24
15937449-8	2005	It was found that the PD and dPD values of the rabbit cecum depend primarily on chloride ion transport, while those of the colon depend on sodium ion transport.	Chlorides	80-88	dachs	Drosophila melanogaster	29-32
15884928-2	2005	It is shown here that functionalized and tertiary allylic chlorides perform well as substrates in this reaction under the action of PdCl2(PhCN)2 in THF solution.	Chlorides	58-67	phosducin like 2	Homo sapiens	132-144
15888655-3	2005	Here, we bring the first experimental evidence in vivo in the retina that chronic activation of GABA(A) receptors is necessary for the switch to occur and for the chloride extrusion mechanism (through the K+/Cl- cotransporter KCC2) to develop.	Chlorides	163-171	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	226-230
15882077-1	2005	Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a powerful oxidant generated from H(2)O(2) and chloride ions by the heme enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) released from activated leukocytes.	Chlorides	75-83	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	108-123
15882077-1	2005	Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a powerful oxidant generated from H(2)O(2) and chloride ions by the heme enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) released from activated leukocytes.	Chlorides	75-83	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	125-128
15888655-8	2005	Concomitantly, the developmental upregulation of KCC2 is inhibited on dendritic processes in the inner plexiform layer, suggesting that the intracellular concentration of chloride remains higher, as in younger cells.	Chlorides	171-179	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	49-53
15855270-1	2005	Ab initio multi-reference second-order perturbation theory computations are used to explore the photochemical behavior of two ion pairs constituted by a chloride counterion interacting with either a rhodopsin or bacteriorhodopsin chromophore model (i.e., the 4-cis-gamma-methylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraeniminium and all-trans-nona-2,4,6,8-tetraeniminium cations, respectively).	Chlorides	153-161	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	199-208
15637177-1	2005	Secretomotor neurons, immunoreactive for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), are important in controlling chloride secretion in the small intestine.	Chlorides	107-115	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	41-70
15550556-5	2005	This pattern of secretion was reproduced by intravenous infusion of the CCK-58 form of cholecystokinin, which strongly stimulates pancreatic water and chloride secretion, but not by CCK-8, which only weakly stimulates water and chloride secretion in a non-dose-dependent manner.	Chlorides	151-159	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
15550556-5	2005	This pattern of secretion was reproduced by intravenous infusion of the CCK-58 form of cholecystokinin, which strongly stimulates pancreatic water and chloride secretion, but not by CCK-8, which only weakly stimulates water and chloride secretion in a non-dose-dependent manner.	Chlorides	228-236	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
15637177-1	2005	Secretomotor neurons, immunoreactive for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), are important in controlling chloride secretion in the small intestine.	Chlorides	107-115	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	72-75
15637180-0	2005	Luminal adenosine stimulates chloride secretion through A1 receptor in mouse jejunum.	Chlorides	29-37	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	56-58
15637180-7	2005	The effect of apical adenosine on chloride secretion was lost in jejuna from mice lacking the A1R.	Chlorides	34-42	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	94-97
15637180-11	2005	This study demonstrates that A1R (and not A(2A)R) mediates the enhancement of chloride secretion induced by luminal adenosine in mice jejunum.	Chlorides	78-86	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	29-32
15709055-2	2005	CFTR-mediated chloride transport was evaluated in 52 heterozygous subjects, 32 healthy control subjects, and 77 patients with CF with class I or II mutations.	Chlorides	14-22	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
15709055-5	2005	Half the heterozygous subjects had CFTR-mediated chloride transport levels below 50% of the normal range, and one-third had levels similar to those of the patients with CF.	Chlorides	49-57	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	35-39
15932617-2	2005	This conversion results from a gradual decrease in the chloride electrochemical equilibrium potential (ECl) of developing neurons, which correlates to an increase in the expression or activity of the potassium chloride cotransporter, KCC2.	Chlorides	55-63	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	234-238
15709055-7	2005	These data suggest that CFTR-dependent chloride conductance does not directly modulate disease severity but may be part of a more global defect in patients with CF involving other CFTR functions or currently unknown modulatory factors.	Chlorides	39-47	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	24-28
15709055-7	2005	These data suggest that CFTR-dependent chloride conductance does not directly modulate disease severity but may be part of a more global defect in patients with CF involving other CFTR functions or currently unknown modulatory factors.	Chlorides	39-47	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	180-184
16053460-5	2005	The diagnosis is confirmed based on a clinical picture of the child, measure of Chloride in the sweat, chest X-ray, CT thorax, laboratory findings--genetic confirmation CFTR ( cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) genes (3), which result in the production of hyper-viscous mucus and chloride malabsorption in the sweat glands ducts (5,6).	Chlorides	80-88	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	176-227
16053460-5	2005	The diagnosis is confirmed based on a clinical picture of the child, measure of Chloride in the sweat, chest X-ray, CT thorax, laboratory findings--genetic confirmation CFTR ( cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) genes (3), which result in the production of hyper-viscous mucus and chloride malabsorption in the sweat glands ducts (5,6).	Chlorides	298-306	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	176-227
16096263-1	2005	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1, or Band 3) is an integral membrane glycoprotein found in erythrocytes, responsible for the electroneutral exchange of chloride and bicarbonate ions across the plasma membrane.	Chlorides	142-150	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-33
15689384-5	2005	Among the antimicrobial systems formed in the phagosome is one consisting of myeloperoxidase (MPO), released into the phagosome during the degranulation process, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), formed by the respiratory burst and a halide, particularly chloride.	Chlorides	247-255	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	77-92
15689384-5	2005	Among the antimicrobial systems formed in the phagosome is one consisting of myeloperoxidase (MPO), released into the phagosome during the degranulation process, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), formed by the respiratory burst and a halide, particularly chloride.	Chlorides	247-255	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	94-97
15689384-6	2005	The initial product of the MPO-H2O2-chloride system is hypochlorous acid, and subsequent formation of chlorine, chloramines, hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, and ozone has been proposed.	Chlorides	36-44	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	27-30
15870673-5	2005	However, sweat chloride concentration correlated with CFTR mutation status in patients infected with P aeruginosa.	Chlorides	15-23	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	54-58
15830100-6	2005	Chelerythrine chloride (CHE), a PKC inhibitor, was intrathecally injected 30 min before the administration of naloxone.	Chlorides	24-27	protein kinase C, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
15850642-5	2005	Chloride in the medium was more effective than sulfate at inhibiting this uptake, matching the ionic specificity of pendrin.	Chlorides	0-8	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	116-123
15713676-6	2005	Functional expression of the three different splice variants of pHCl in oocytes of Xenopus laevis and Sf9 cells induces a chloride current with a linear current-voltage relationship that is inhibited by extracellular protons and activated by avermectins in a pH-dependent manner.	Chlorides	122-130	pH-sensitive chloride channel 1	Drosophila melanogaster	64-68
15830100-9	2005	The results showed that intrathecal administration of CHE decreased the scores of morphine withdrawal, attenuated morphine withdrawal-induced allodynia and also inhibited the increase of Fos protein expression in the spinal cord of morphine withdrawal rats.	Chlorides	54-57	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	187-190
15830100-11	2005	Naloxone-precipitated withdrawal induced PKC alpha translocation from cytosol to membrane fraction, which was prevented by intrathecal administration of CHE.	Chlorides	153-156	protein kinase C, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	41-50
15752747-2	2005	Impaired endosomal acidification in proximal tubule caused by reduced chloride conductance is a proposed mechanism; however, functional analysis of ClC-5 in oocytes predicts low ClC-5 chloride conductance in endosomes because of their acid interior pH and positive potential.	Chlorides	184-192	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 5	Mus musculus	148-153
15752747-2	2005	Impaired endosomal acidification in proximal tubule caused by reduced chloride conductance is a proposed mechanism; however, functional analysis of ClC-5 in oocytes predicts low ClC-5 chloride conductance in endosomes because of their acid interior pH and positive potential.	Chlorides	184-192	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 5	Mus musculus	178-183
15752747-4	2005	Initial pH in transferrin-labeled endosomes was approximately 7.2, decreasing at 15 min to 6.0 vs. 6.5 in wildtype vs. ClC-5 deficient cells, respectively; corresponding endosomal chloride concentration increased from approximately 16 mM to 47 vs. 36 mM.	Chlorides	180-188	transferrin	Mus musculus	14-25
15752747-6	2005	Our results provide direct evidence for ClC-5 involvement in acidification of early endosomes in proximal tubule by a chloride shunt mechanism.	Chlorides	118-126	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 5	Mus musculus	40-45
15644313-9	2005	Replacement of a single alanine residue in the pore of HCN1 (Ala-352) by an arginine residue present in HCN2 at equivalent position (Arg-405) induced HCN2-type chloride sensitivity in HCN1.	Chlorides	160-168	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1	Homo sapiens	55-59
15808474-0	2005	Discovery of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid diamides that increase CFTR mediated chloride transport.	Chlorides	99-107	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	85-89
15808474-1	2005	A series of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid diamides that increase chloride transport in cells expressing mutant cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein has been identified from our compound library.	Chlorides	84-92	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	130-181
15808474-1	2005	A series of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid diamides that increase chloride transport in cells expressing mutant cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein has been identified from our compound library.	Chlorides	84-92	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	183-187
15644313-9	2005	Replacement of a single alanine residue in the pore of HCN1 (Ala-352) by an arginine residue present in HCN2 at equivalent position (Arg-405) induced HCN2-type chloride sensitivity in HCN1.	Chlorides	160-168	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium and sodium channel 2	Homo sapiens	104-108
15644313-9	2005	Replacement of a single alanine residue in the pore of HCN1 (Ala-352) by an arginine residue present in HCN2 at equivalent position (Arg-405) induced HCN2-type chloride sensitivity in HCN1.	Chlorides	160-168	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium and sodium channel 2	Homo sapiens	150-154
15644313-9	2005	Replacement of a single alanine residue in the pore of HCN1 (Ala-352) by an arginine residue present in HCN2 at equivalent position (Arg-405) induced HCN2-type chloride sensitivity in HCN1.	Chlorides	160-168	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1	Homo sapiens	184-188
15618459-7	2005	However, after the prior inhibition of sodium transport using amiloride, there was an increased PD in the non-CF group alone, suggesting CFTR-mediated chloride secretion in response to luminal hypertonicity.	Chlorides	151-159	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	137-141
15764810-1	2005	Because neurotensin (NT) and its high-affinity receptor (NTR1) modulate immune responses, chloride secretion, and epithelial cell proliferation, we sought to investigate their role in the repair process that follows the development of mucosal injuries during a persistent inflammation.	Chlorides	90-98	neurotensin	Homo sapiens	8-19
15764810-1	2005	Because neurotensin (NT) and its high-affinity receptor (NTR1) modulate immune responses, chloride secretion, and epithelial cell proliferation, we sought to investigate their role in the repair process that follows the development of mucosal injuries during a persistent inflammation.	Chlorides	90-98	neurotensin	Homo sapiens	21-23
15764810-1	2005	Because neurotensin (NT) and its high-affinity receptor (NTR1) modulate immune responses, chloride secretion, and epithelial cell proliferation, we sought to investigate their role in the repair process that follows the development of mucosal injuries during a persistent inflammation.	Chlorides	90-98	neurotensin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	57-61
15618459-8	2005	For the hypotonic solution, we found that hypotonicity inhibited CFTR-mediated chloride secretion in the non-CF group.	Chlorides	79-87	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	65-69
15685210-0	2005	Vasotocin and vasopressin stimulation of the chloride secretion in the human bronchial epithelial cell line, 16HBE14o-.	Chlorides	45-53	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	14-25
15504101-5	2005	CTR2 and OPR expressed in Xenopus oocytes induced calcium-mediated inward chloride current in a CT- and OP-specific manner respectively.	Chlorides	74-82	solute carrier family 31 member 2 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-4
15653731-0	2005	Evidence for a second binding/transport site for chloride in erythrocyte anion transporter AE1 modified at glutamate 681.	Chlorides	49-57	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	91-94
15763092-5	2005	The same happened for organic chlorine (TOX) conversion into inorganic chloride, i.e. 100%, after 3 h at 70 degrees C, and 87%, after 27 h at 25 degrees C. As the recorded trends of CMP removal and chloride formation were basically the same, hydroxy substitution (ipso-substitution) was hypothesised as one likely mechanism of CMP degradation.	Chlorides	71-79	thymocyte selection associated high mobility group box	Homo sapiens	40-43
15763092-5	2005	The same happened for organic chlorine (TOX) conversion into inorganic chloride, i.e. 100%, after 3 h at 70 degrees C, and 87%, after 27 h at 25 degrees C. As the recorded trends of CMP removal and chloride formation were basically the same, hydroxy substitution (ipso-substitution) was hypothesised as one likely mechanism of CMP degradation.	Chlorides	198-206	thymocyte selection associated high mobility group box	Homo sapiens	40-43
15790911-0	2005	CFTR-regulated chloride transport at the ocular surface in living mice measured by potential differences.	Chlorides	15-23	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	0-4
15634677-0	2005	Chloride conductance is required for the protein kinase A and Rac1-dependent phosphorylation of moesin at Thr-558 by KCl in PC12 cells.	Chlorides	0-8	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	41-57
15634677-0	2005	Chloride conductance is required for the protein kinase A and Rac1-dependent phosphorylation of moesin at Thr-558 by KCl in PC12 cells.	Chlorides	0-8	Rac family small GTPase 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
15634677-0	2005	Chloride conductance is required for the protein kinase A and Rac1-dependent phosphorylation of moesin at Thr-558 by KCl in PC12 cells.	Chlorides	0-8	moesin	Rattus norvegicus	96-102
15634677-7	2005	Interestingly, the phosphorylation of moesin by KCl was independent of KCl-induced membrane depolarization and calcium influx but was dependent on KCl-induced chloride conductance.	Chlorides	159-167	moesin	Rattus norvegicus	38-44
15634677-9	2005	These results suggest that the phosphorylation of moesin at Thr-558 in PC12 cells by KCl treatment is PKA- and Rac1-dependent and that KCl-induced chloride conductance is involved in the activation of this signaling system.	Chlorides	147-155	moesin	Rattus norvegicus	50-56
15736930-0	2005	Molecular basis of the effects of chloride ion on the acid-base catalyst in the mechanism of pancreatic alpha-amylase.	Chlorides	34-42	amylase, alpha 2A (pancreatic)	Sus scrofa	93-117
15733006-13	2005	Irradiation of 2c in the presence of added chloride affords [(phen)(o-C6H4-2-py)ClRuIIIORuIVCl(o-C6H4-2-py)(phen)]PF6, a first mu-oxo-bridged mixed valent dimer with a cyclometalated unit.	Chlorides	43-51	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	114-117
19791387-0	2005	Photochemistry of Mcl(H2O)4, M = H, Li, Na clusters: finite-size models of the photodetachment of the chloride anion in salt solutions.	Chlorides	102-116	C-type lectin domain family 4 member D	Homo sapiens	18-21
15650130-0	2005	Chloride conductance of CFTR facilitates basal Cl-/HCO3- exchange in the villous epithelium of intact murine duodenum.	Chlorides	0-8	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	24-28
15783196-5	2005	The macrocyclic nitrogen subsequently attacks the methylene chloride with a classic SN2 trajectory, and although the carbon-chlorine bond breaks, the chloride leaving group does not separate from the newly formed cationic macrocycle, such that the product is a tightly associated ion-pair.	Chlorides	60-68	solute carrier family 38 member 5	Homo sapiens	84-87
15659399-6	2005	Like LAT3, the amino acid transport activity induced by LAT4 is sodium-, chloride- and pH-independent, is not trans-stimulated, and shows two kinetic components.	Chlorides	73-81	solute carrier family 43 member 1	Homo sapiens	5-9
15659399-6	2005	Like LAT3, the amino acid transport activity induced by LAT4 is sodium-, chloride- and pH-independent, is not trans-stimulated, and shows two kinetic components.	Chlorides	73-81	solute carrier family 43 member 2	Homo sapiens	56-60
15771518-4	2005	The solid-state structures of complexes formed by the two-armed receptor 1 with CsF and with the chlorides of K+, Rb+, and Cs+ reported here reveal the existence of dimeric supramolecular assemblies in which two receptor units assemble into capsules fully enclosing (MX)2 ion quartets.	Chlorides	97-106	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	80-83
15708376-6	2005	Following this criterion, we determined that chloride anions are bound to the Cd(7)-MT1 and Cd(4)-alphaMT1 complexes but not in the isostoichiometric Zn complexes, nor in the Zn- or Cd-complexes of the homologous MT4 peptides.	Chlorides	45-53	metallothionein 1I, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	84-87
15708376-6	2005	Following this criterion, we determined that chloride anions are bound to the Cd(7)-MT1 and Cd(4)-alphaMT1 complexes but not in the isostoichiometric Zn complexes, nor in the Zn- or Cd-complexes of the homologous MT4 peptides.	Chlorides	45-53	metallothionein 4	Homo sapiens	213-216
15634668-1	2005	Chloride transport by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channel is inhibited by a broad range of organic anions that enter the channel pore from its cytoplasmic end, physically occluding the Cl- permeation pathway.	Chlorides	0-8	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	26-77
15634668-1	2005	Chloride transport by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channel is inhibited by a broad range of organic anions that enter the channel pore from its cytoplasmic end, physically occluding the Cl- permeation pathway.	Chlorides	0-8	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	79-83
15548529-12	2005	The human SLC26A6 polypeptide variants SLC26A6c and SLC26A6d were inactive as transporters of oxalate, sulfate, and chloride.	Chlorides	116-124	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	10-17
15666307-0	2005	Isolated elevated sweat chloride concentrations in the presence of the rare mutation S1455X: an extremely mild form of CFTR dysfunction.	Chlorides	24-32	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	119-123
15666307-2	2005	We report on two asymptomatic sisters who had isolated increased sweat chloride concentrations, and in whom systematic scanning of the whole coding region of the CFTR gene revealed the F508del/S1455X genotype.	Chlorides	71-79	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	162-166
15596517-1	2005	The outer hair cell (OHC) underlies mammalian cochlea amplification, and its lateral membrane motor, prestin, which drives the cell"s mechanical activity, is modulated by intracellular chloride ions.	Chlorides	185-193	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	101-108
15596517-7	2005	Using malate as an anion replacement, we quantify chloride effects on the nonlinear charge density and operating voltage range of prestin.	Chlorides	50-58	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	130-137
15578659-6	2005	Glybenclamide and diisothiocyanato-stilbene-disulfonic acid (DIDS), two blockers of chloride fluxes that drive the export activity of ABC1 transporters, inhibited IL-1beta release without altering its intracellular processing.	Chlorides	84-92	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 1	Mus musculus	134-138
15578659-6	2005	Glybenclamide and diisothiocyanato-stilbene-disulfonic acid (DIDS), two blockers of chloride fluxes that drive the export activity of ABC1 transporters, inhibited IL-1beta release without altering its intracellular processing.	Chlorides	84-92	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	163-171
15578659-7	2005	Enhancing chloride efflux potentiated the release of IL-1beta, while decreasing it led to a strong reduction in its release.	Chlorides	10-18	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	53-61
15578659-8	2005	Because the stimulation of the P2X7 receptor also activates a chloride conductance, we investigated the possibility of a sole anionic pathway mobilized by the P2X7 receptor and ABC1.	Chlorides	62-70	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	31-44
15578659-11	2005	Being associated together with chloride conductance, P2X7 receptors and ABC1 transporters delineate a subtle and complex regulation of IL-1beta production in mammalian Schwann cells.	Chlorides	31-39	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	135-143
15743966-8	2005	A chloride ion and a glycerol molecule were modeled in the active site where the chloride ion interacts in a manner similar to that of phosphate with the main chain nitrogens of the PTP loop.	Chlorides	2-10	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type U	Homo sapiens	182-185
15743966-8	2005	A chloride ion and a glycerol molecule were modeled in the active site where the chloride ion interacts in a manner similar to that of phosphate with the main chain nitrogens of the PTP loop.	Chlorides	81-89	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type U	Homo sapiens	182-185
15469961-0	2005	Cortical neurons lacking KCC2 expression show impaired regulation of intracellular chloride.	Chlorides	83-91	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	25-29
15686964-2	2005	We previously found that the resting sarcolemmal chloride conductance (gCl) that is typically lower in slow-twitch myofibers than in fast ones increased in soleus fibers following 1 to 3 weeks of HU in accord with the slow-to-fast transition of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms.	Chlorides	49-57	germ cell-less 1, spermatogenesis associated	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
15711593-1	2005	Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been demonstrated in intestinal mucosal neurones and elicits chloride secretion from enterocytes.	Chlorides	101-109	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
15701014-2	2005	These reactions involving chloride, mesylate, and epoxide substrates could be carried out under mild conditions, and therefore many functionalities (such as COOEt, OR, OH, NR, and NAc) are tolerated.	Chlorides	26-34	X-linked Kx blood group	Homo sapiens	180-183
15722449-0	2005	Structural and mechanistic studies of chloride induced activation of human pancreatic alpha-amylase.	Chlorides	38-46	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	75-99
15722449-1	2005	The mechanism of allosteric activation of alpha-amylase by chloride has been studied through structural and kinetic experiments focusing on the chloride-dependent N298S variant of human pancreatic alpha-amylase (HPA) and a chloride-independent TAKA-amylase.	Chlorides	59-67	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	186-210
15722449-1	2005	The mechanism of allosteric activation of alpha-amylase by chloride has been studied through structural and kinetic experiments focusing on the chloride-dependent N298S variant of human pancreatic alpha-amylase (HPA) and a chloride-independent TAKA-amylase.	Chlorides	144-152	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	186-210
15722449-1	2005	The mechanism of allosteric activation of alpha-amylase by chloride has been studied through structural and kinetic experiments focusing on the chloride-dependent N298S variant of human pancreatic alpha-amylase (HPA) and a chloride-independent TAKA-amylase.	Chlorides	144-152	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	186-210
18969896-0	2005	Flow injection spectrophotometric method for chloride determination in natural waters using Hg(SCN)(2) immobilized in epoxy resin.	Chlorides	45-53	sorcin	Homo sapiens	95-98
18969896-2	2005	The determination of chloride was carried out by reaction with Hg(SCN)(2) immobilized in an epoxy resin bead in a solid-phase reactor (SPR) and the thiocyanate ions released were determined spectrophotometrically at 480nm after complexing reaction with Fe(III).	Chlorides	21-29	sorcin	Homo sapiens	66-69
15672193-7	2005	p-6 and t-6 were also structurally characterized as their tetrachlorozincate and chloride salts, respectively.	Chlorides	81-95	S100 calcium binding protein A12	Homo sapiens	0-3
15710404-1	2005	CLC chloride channels are a family of channel proteins mediating chloride transport across the plasma membrane and intracellular membranes.	Chlorides	4-12	Gef1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-3
15345469-0	2005	Activation of proteinase-activated receptor-1 inhibits neurally evoked chloride secretion in the mouse colon in vitro.	Chlorides	71-79	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor	Mus musculus	14-45
15681831-8	2005	By electrophysiological recordings ex vivo, we found that CsA counteracted the decrease in chloride conductance (gCl), a functional index of degeneration in diaphragm and extensor digitorum longus muscle fibers.	Chlorides	91-99	germ cell-less, spermatogenesis associated 1	Mus musculus	113-116
15483227-7	2005	In addition, CCL20 stimulation inhibited agonist-stimulated production of the second messenger cAMP and cAMP-mediated chloride secretory responses by intestinal epithelial cells.	Chlorides	118-126	C-C motif chemokine ligand 20	Homo sapiens	13-18
15637347-5	2005	The physiological studies have shown that WNK4 downregulates the activity of ion transport pathways expressed in these nephron segments, such as the apical thiazide-sensitive Na+-Cl- cotransporter and apical secretory K+ channel ROMK, as well as upregulates paracellular chloride transport and phosphorylation of tight junction proteins such as claudins.	Chlorides	271-279	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Homo sapiens	42-46
15345469-12	2005	PAR-1 is expressed in submucosal ganglia in the mouse colon and its activation leads to a decrease in neurally evoked epithelial chloride secretion.	Chlorides	129-137	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor	Mus musculus	0-5
15787696-2	2005	This occurs due to a gradual decrease in the intracellular concentration of chloride caused by the functional expression of the neuron-specific K-Cl cotransporter KCC2.	Chlorides	76-84	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	163-167
15649573-3	2005	Among parameters, body mass index (BMI), the fasting plasma glucose level (FPG), and plasma chloride concentration were identified by forward-stepwise discriminant analysis as parameters that can discriminate between patients who were and those who were not undergoing insulin therapy.	Chlorides	92-100	insulin	Homo sapiens	269-276
15733091-2	2005	On the other hand, others reported that ACE had two domains with highly homologous active centres, the N-domain and C-domain, but that they differed in their characteristics such as optimum chloride ion concentration, inhibition kinetics for various ACE inhibitors and rate of hydrolysis for many substrates.	Chlorides	190-202	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
15986091-7	2005	When chloride ions were removed from the solution prepared for suspending secretory granules, the granule lysis induced by anti-AQP5 antibody was inhibited.	Chlorides	5-13	aquaporin 5	Rattus norvegicus	128-132
15986093-1	2005	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a chloride (Cl(-)) channel known to influence the function of other channels, including connexin channels.	Chlorides	68-76	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	4-55
15986093-1	2005	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a chloride (Cl(-)) channel known to influence the function of other channels, including connexin channels.	Chlorides	68-76	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	57-61
15707062-4	2005	The potential energies associated with fragmentation of the carbon tetrachloride anion radical (CCl4-) into a trichloromethyl radical (CCl3) and a chloride ion (Cl-) were explored as a function of the carbon-chlorine bond distance during cleavage.	Chlorides	72-80	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Homo sapiens	96-100
15550367-0	2005	Involvement of chloride in apoptotic cell death induced by activation of ATP-sensitive P2X7 purinoceptor.	Chlorides	15-23	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Rattus norvegicus	87-104
15620889-2	2005	However, there are conflicting reports about whether chloride binds to or stabilizes RNase A.	Chlorides	53-61	ribonuclease pancreatic	Bos taurus	85-92
15620889-4	2005	The results of data analysis using a Debye-Huckel-Henry model, compared with expectations based on pK(A) values, are consistent with the binding of two chlorides by RNase A.	Chlorides	152-161	ribonuclease pancreatic	Bos taurus	165-172
15504734-0	2005	ClC-3 chloride channels facilitate endosomal acidification and chloride accumulation.	Chlorides	6-14	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 3	Mus musculus	0-5
16301828-2	2005	It results in a major failure of CFTR to traffic to the apical membrane of epithelial cells, where it should function as a chloride (Cl-) channel.	Chlorides	123-131	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Canis lupus familiaris	33-37
15605154-1	2005	Reactions of the halides X- (X- = chloride, bromide or iodide) with the substituted cluster Rh6(CO)15(PPh3) in oxygen-free chloroform lead to [Rh5(CO)14(PPh3)]-, Rh(CO)2(PPh3)2X and [Rh(CO)2X2]- in the molar ratios 2:1: approximately 13.	Chlorides	34-42	protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	102-106
15986999-12	2005	For that reason, the main objectives of this study were: 1. to see the influence of chloride concentration and pH on the AOX(de.novo) formation with newly developed UV-Free Surface Reactor (UV-FSR), 2. to make a comparison of different AOPs, 3. to observe the effect of the chloride concentration on the TOC degradation efficiency, 4. to optimise reaction conditions.	Chlorides	84-92	acyl-CoA oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	121-124
15986999-39	2005	During the batch experiments, a de-novo synthesis of AOX was observed very impressively due to the high chloride content of the wastewaters.	Chlorides	104-112	acyl-CoA oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	53-56
15986999-40	2005	It can be implied that OH-radicals oxidize some chloride-ions to form chlorine, which further reacts with organic compounds so that AOX(de novo) is formed.	Chlorides	48-56	acyl-CoA oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	132-135
15987263-5	2005	This is likely due to the differences in the expression of the neuronal-specific potassium-chloride co-transporter KCC2, which regulates the intracellular chloride concentration.	Chlorides	91-99	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	115-119
15893647-1	2005	The Na+ --Cl- --K+ isoform 1 (NKCC1) is a co-transporter that increases the intracellular concentration of chloride.	Chlorides	107-115	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	30-35
15956810-1	2005	BACKGROUND: The anion transporters SLC26A6 (PAT1) and SLC26A7, transporting at least chloride, oxalate, sulfate and bicarbonate, show a distinct expression and function in different mammalian species.	Chlorides	85-93	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	35-42
15956810-1	2005	BACKGROUND: The anion transporters SLC26A6 (PAT1) and SLC26A7, transporting at least chloride, oxalate, sulfate and bicarbonate, show a distinct expression and function in different mammalian species.	Chlorides	85-93	amyloid beta precursor protein binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	44-48
15956810-1	2005	BACKGROUND: The anion transporters SLC26A6 (PAT1) and SLC26A7, transporting at least chloride, oxalate, sulfate and bicarbonate, show a distinct expression and function in different mammalian species.	Chlorides	85-93	solute carrier family 26 member 7	Homo sapiens	54-61
15893647-2	2005	NKCC1 plays a critical role in neuronal excitability and it has been recently suggested that it can contribute to hyperalgesic states by modulating the chloride concentration inside nociceptive neurons.	Chlorides	152-160	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	0-5
15618584-5	2005	The effect of sildenafil treatment on CFTR chloride transport function was measured in CF15 cells using an iodide efflux assay.	Chlorides	43-51	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	38-42
15593254-4	2005	All these proposed complexes and the presence of chloride ion in one of the dinuclear complexes have been confirmed by isotopic patterns and fragmentation studies by means of tandem mass spectrometry (MSn).	Chlorides	49-57	moesin	Homo sapiens	201-204
15498800-0	2004	Slc26a6: a cardiac chloride-hydroxyl exchanger and predominant chloride-bicarbonate exchanger of the mouse heart.	Chlorides	19-27	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	0-7
15850610-6	2005	The decline in pHi was observed whether chloride was delivered to the solution in the form of LiCl or NaCl, or when the later was applied after blockage of the Na+/H+ exchanger.	Chlorides	40-48	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	15-18
15572255-1	2004	The discovery that previously unidentified allosteric properties of several proteins, such as fibrinogen and myoglobin, can be triggered by anions binding, has suggested the possibility to design a new "active" role of chloride in the modulation of a broad range of biological systems.	Chlorides	219-227	myoglobin	Homo sapiens	109-118
15529338-2	2004	Physiologically, CF is characterized by an abnormal chloride secretion in epithelia due to a dysfunction of a mutated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Chlorides	52-60	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	118-169
15456793-5	2004	Non-additive responses observed between cation-selective GABAA and P2X2 receptors further indicate the chloride independence of this process.	Chlorides	103-111	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand gated ion channel, 2 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	67-71
15634051-2	2004	Detection of the Cl((2)P(1/2)) and Cl((2)P(3/2)) products by [2+1] resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization shows that primary C-Cl bond fission of allyl chloride generates 66.8% Cl((2)P(3/2)) and 33.2% Cl((2)P(1/2)).	Chlorides	155-163	crystallin gamma C	Homo sapiens	128-132
15514213-2	2004	Modification of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) by hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite (HOCl/OCl-) [correction]-generated in vivo by the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system of activated phagocytes-forms a proatherogenic lipoprotein particle that binds to and is internalized by endothelial cells.	Chlorides	165-173	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	131-146
15514213-7	2004	CONCLUSIONS: 2-Chlorohexadecanal, produced by the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system of activated phagocytes may act as a mediator of vascular injury associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury, glomerulosclerosis, and atherosclerosis.	Chlorides	84-92	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	50-65
15529338-2	2004	Physiologically, CF is characterized by an abnormal chloride secretion in epithelia due to a dysfunction of a mutated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Chlorides	52-60	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	171-175
15454240-2	2004	The inhibition of the newly discovered cytosolic carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isozyme XIII of murine origin (mCA XIII) has been investigated with a series of anions, such as the physiological ones (bicarbonate, chloride), or the metal complexing anions (cyanate, cyanide, azide, hydrogen sulfide, etc), nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, sulfamate, sulfamide as well as with phenylboronic and phenylarsonic acids.	Chlorides	218-226	carbonic anhydrase 13	Mus musculus	116-124
15213059-0	2004	SPI-0211 activates T84 cell chloride transport and recombinant human ClC-2 chloride currents.	Chlorides	28-36	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	0-3
15213059-0	2004	SPI-0211 activates T84 cell chloride transport and recombinant human ClC-2 chloride currents.	Chlorides	75-83	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	0-3
15213059-0	2004	SPI-0211 activates T84 cell chloride transport and recombinant human ClC-2 chloride currents.	Chlorides	75-83	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	69-74
15510062-5	2004	Some antioxidants such as zinc and vitamin C may also help increase epithelial chloride secretion through CFTR-dependent and independent pathways.	Chlorides	79-87	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	106-110
15571186-0	2004	Dent"s disease: identification of a novel mutation in the renal chloride channel CLCN5.	Chlorides	64-72	chloride voltage-gated channel 5	Homo sapiens	81-86
15838260-0	2004	Chloride efflux is involved in ET-1 and 5-HT-induced contraction in rabbit basilar artery.	Chlorides	0-8	endothelin-1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	31-41
15322240-4	2004	This effect was antagonized by an active peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)prophyrinato iron (III) chloride, G(i/o)-coupled receptor blockers, N-ethylmaleimide and pertussis toxin, A(1) adenosine receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, or adenosine deaminase.	Chlorides	140-148	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	296-315
15518884-3	2004	Guanylin, uroguanylin, and microbial ST peptides activate a common apical membrane receptor-guanylate cyclase (R-GC) that elicits large increases in the intestinal secretion of chloride and bicarbonate via the intracellular second messenger, cGMP.	Chlorides	177-185	guanylate cyclase activator 2A	Homo sapiens	0-8
15317754-5	2004	Skeletal muscles in distal limbs of Tg26-hDMPK showed myopathy with myotonic discharges coupled with deficit in sarcolemmal chloride channels, required regulators of hyperexcitability.	Chlorides	124-132	DM1 protein kinase	Homo sapiens	41-46
15471486-2	2004	Density functional calculations [B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p)] establish that chloride ion exchange reactions with both formyl and acetyl chloride proceed by a pi attack on the C=O bond.	Chlorides	67-75	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22	Homo sapiens	35-38
15465913-5	2004	Induction of wild-type WNK4 reduced transepithelial resistance by increasing absolute chloride permeability.	Chlorides	86-94	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Homo sapiens	23-27
15322791-9	2004	The procedure was applied to the determination of chloride in different types of water (tap, well, stream and sea), validating results against a reference procedure.	Chlorides	50-58	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	88-91
15322791-9	2004	The procedure was applied to the determination of chloride in different types of water (tap, well, stream and sea), validating results against a reference procedure.	Chlorides	50-58	S13 erythroblastosis (avian) oncogene homolog	Homo sapiens	110-113
15506212-0	2004	Chloride effect on TNT degradation by zerovalent iron or zinc during water treatment.	Chlorides	0-8	chromosome 16 open reading frame 82	Homo sapiens	19-22
15506212-6	2004	The results demonstrate that chloride based corrosion promoters enhance the rate of TNT degradation.	Chlorides	29-37	chromosome 16 open reading frame 82	Homo sapiens	84-87
15286085-0	2004	Novel regulation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel gating by external chloride.	Chlorides	106-114	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	20-71
15286085-0	2004	Novel regulation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel gating by external chloride.	Chlorides	106-114	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	73-77
15507767-1	2004	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) uses hydrogen peroxide to oxidize chloride to hypochlorous acid.	Chlorides	56-64	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
15507767-1	2004	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) uses hydrogen peroxide to oxidize chloride to hypochlorous acid.	Chlorides	56-64	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	17-20
15325250-4	2004	Curcumin caused a small increase in net cAMP-activated chloride efflux from DeltaF508-CFTR BHK cells.	Chlorides	55-63	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mesocricetus auratus	86-90
15358127-1	2004	ClC-2 participates in the regulation of neuronal excitability, chloride secretion, and cell volume.	Chlorides	63-71	chloride voltage-gated channel 2 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-5
15175004-13	2004	However, a weak chloride inhibitory effect and acetylated N-acetyl-SDKP (Ac SDAcKP) hydrolysis reveal that TtACE activity resembles that of the N-domain of mammalian ACE.	Chlorides	16-24	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	109-112
15345547-0	2004	Exterior site occupancy infers chloride-induced proton gating in a prokaryotic homolog of the ClC chloride channel.	Chlorides	31-39	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	94-97
15493876-2	2004	We studied MPO-mediated formation of conjugated dienes in isolated human LDL in dependence on the concentrations of nitrite and chloride.	Chlorides	128-136	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	11-14
15300163-5	2004	In addition, WNK4 activity promotes paracellular chloride ion flux.	Chlorides	49-57	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Homo sapiens	13-17
15300163-7	2004	WNK4 mutations relieve the inhibition of NCCT, increase the inhibition of the renal outer medullary potassium ion channel, and further increase paracellular chloride ion flux.	Chlorides	157-165	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
15300163-8	2004	These findings can explain the observed physiological abnormalities in patients with pseudohypoaldosteronism type II, and support a model in which WNK4 is a molecular switch that can alter the balance between chloride ion reabsorption and potassium ion secretion.	Chlorides	209-217	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Homo sapiens	147-151
15353038-6	2004	Based on these studies a rAAV5-CB-promoter-driven CFTR minigene vector was then used to correct the CF chloride transport defect in vitro, as well as the hyperinflammatory lung phenotype in Pseudomonas-agarose bead challenged CF mouse lungs in vivo.	Chlorides	103-111	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	50-54
15635811-4	2004	VACC and RVD were chloride-dependent because either chloride removal or application of NPPB (100 microM) suppressed these responses.	Chlorides	18-26	natriuretic peptides B	Oryctolagus cuniculus	87-91
15295793-3	2004	For example, post-diafiltration assays of formulated 200 mg/mL human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist showed molar chloride concentrations up to 30% lower than those of the diafiltration buffer.	Chlorides	116-124	interleukin 1 receptor antagonist	Homo sapiens	69-102
15144237-2	2004	Stimulation of Galpha(q)-coupled mGluR1alpha (metabotropic glutamate receptor 1alpha), P2Y1 or P2Y2 receptors co-expressed with P2X(1) receptors in Xenopus oocytes evoked calcium-activated chloride currents (I(ClCa)) and potentiated subsequent P2X1-receptor-mediated currents by up to 250%.	Chlorides	189-197	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand gated ion channel, 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	128-134
15286788-3	2004	SLC6A19 is a sodium-dependent and chloride-independent neutral amino acid transporter, expressed predominately in kidney and intestine, with properties of system B(0).	Chlorides	34-42	solute carrier family 6 member 19	Homo sapiens	0-7
15265695-0	2004	TGFbeta down-regulation of the CFTR: a means to limit epithelial chloride secretion.	Chlorides	65-73	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
15265695-0	2004	TGFbeta down-regulation of the CFTR: a means to limit epithelial chloride secretion.	Chlorides	65-73	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	31-35
15265695-2	2004	We recently showed that in addition to epithelial barrier enhancing properties, TGFbeta causes diminished cAMP-driven chloride secretion in colonic epithelia, in a manner that is p38 MAPK-dependent.	Chlorides	118-126	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	80-87
15265695-2	2004	We recently showed that in addition to epithelial barrier enhancing properties, TGFbeta causes diminished cAMP-driven chloride secretion in colonic epithelia, in a manner that is p38 MAPK-dependent.	Chlorides	118-126	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	179-182
15265695-3	2004	In this study, we sought to further delineate the mechanism behind TGFbeta diminution of chloride secretion.	Chlorides	89-97	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	67-74
15265695-6	2004	At a time consistent with decreased colonic epithelial secretory responses (16 h), TGFbeta treatment caused diminished intracellular CFTR protein expression (confocal microscopy) and reduced channel expression in the apical membrane during stimulated chloride secretion (biotinylation assay).	Chlorides	251-259	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	83-90
15265695-8	2004	Our data indicate that TGFbeta has profound effects on the expression and subcellular localization of an important channel involved in cAMP-driven chloride secretion, and thus suggest TGFbeta represents a key regulator of fluid movement.	Chlorides	147-155	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	23-30
15265695-8	2004	Our data indicate that TGFbeta has profound effects on the expression and subcellular localization of an important channel involved in cAMP-driven chloride secretion, and thus suggest TGFbeta represents a key regulator of fluid movement.	Chlorides	147-155	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	184-191
15283769-10	2004	In isolated perfused glomerular preparations, renin release induced by macula densa perfusion with a low chloride solution was inhibited by a COX-2 inhibitor but not a COX-1 inhibitor.	Chlorides	105-113	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	142-147
15283769-2	2004	The macula densa is involved in regulating afferent arteriolar tone and renin release by sensing alterations in luminal chloride via changes in the rate of Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(-) cotransport, and administration of non-specific cyclooxygenase inhibitors will blunt increases in renin release mediated by macula densa sensing of decreases in luminal NaCl.	Chlorides	120-128	renin	Rattus norvegicus	72-77
15463944-2	2004	Here we investigate cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent chloride (Cl-) secretion in T84 human colonic epithelia by inducing noise using the diarylsulfonylurea DASU-01, a low-affinity open-channel blocker of CFTR.	Chlorides	89-97	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	20-71
15283769-2	2004	The macula densa is involved in regulating afferent arteriolar tone and renin release by sensing alterations in luminal chloride via changes in the rate of Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(-) cotransport, and administration of non-specific cyclooxygenase inhibitors will blunt increases in renin release mediated by macula densa sensing of decreases in luminal NaCl.	Chlorides	120-128	renin	Rattus norvegicus	272-277
15283769-7	2004	Previous studies demonstrated that alterations in intraluminal chloride concentration are the signal for macula densa regulation of tubuloglomerular feedback and renin secretion, with high chloride stimulating tubuloglomerular feedback and low chloride stimulating renin release.	Chlorides	63-71	renin	Rattus norvegicus	162-167
15283769-8	2004	When cultured cTALH or macula densa cells were incubated in media with selective substitution of chloride ions, COX-2 expression and prostaglandin production were significantly increased.	Chlorides	97-105	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	112-117
15283769-10	2004	In isolated perfused glomerular preparations, renin release induced by macula densa perfusion with a low chloride solution was inhibited by a COX-2 inhibitor but not a COX-1 inhibitor.	Chlorides	105-113	renin	Rattus norvegicus	46-51
15463944-2	2004	Here we investigate cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent chloride (Cl-) secretion in T84 human colonic epithelia by inducing noise using the diarylsulfonylurea DASU-01, a low-affinity open-channel blocker of CFTR.	Chlorides	89-97	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	73-77
15463944-2	2004	Here we investigate cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent chloride (Cl-) secretion in T84 human colonic epithelia by inducing noise using the diarylsulfonylurea DASU-01, a low-affinity open-channel blocker of CFTR.	Chlorides	89-97	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	240-244
15203186-3	2004	Chloride is supposed to be the major substrate for MPO, generating reactive hypochlorous acid (HOCl), modifying LDL.	Chlorides	0-8	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	51-54
15558947-2	2004	Hydrolysis of D-valyl-L-leucyl-L-arginine p-nitroanilide by human tissue kallikrein (hK1) was studied in the absence and in the presence of increasing concentrations of the following chloride salts: sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and aluminium.	Chlorides	183-191	keratin 1	Homo sapiens	85-88
15257112-2	2004	METHODS: A new mathematical model was developed simulating a duct cell within a proximal pancreatic duct and included a sodium-2-bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC) and sodium-potassium pump (NaK pump) on a chloride-impermeable basolateral membrane, CFTR on the luminal membrane with 0.2 to 1 bicarbonate to chloride permeability ratio.	Chlorides	203-211	TANK binding kinase 1	Homo sapiens	188-191
15236576-10	2004	Most striking, however, is the presence in the C271A mutant crystallographic structure of a chloride ion within 3.5 A of the nonreactive N(eta) substrate nitrogen, approximating the position of the sulfur in the wild-type"s cysteine.	Chlorides	92-100	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	139-142
15236528-5	2004	Chloride abstraction led to the corresponding cationic eta(3)-allyl complex [Pd(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))(NOPO(Me2))]PF(6) 3, which has also been characterized by X-ray diffraction.	Chlorides	0-8	malic enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	102-105
15236580-8	2004	The chloride coordination geometries of the three structures are discussed and compared with other ACE analogues.	Chlorides	4-12	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	99-102
14726306-0	2004	Functional characterization and expression of PBR in rat gastric mucosa: stimulation of chloride secretion by PBR ligands.	Chlorides	88-96	translocator protein	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
15078224-2	2004	Reaction of MPO with H2O2 in the presence of chloride ions generates HOCl (the physiological mixture of hypochlorous acid and its anion present at pH 7.4).	Chlorides	45-53	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	12-15
15234776-0	2004	A novel extract SB-300 from the stem bark latex of Croton lechleri inhibits CFTR-mediated chloride secretion in human colonic epithelial cells.	Chlorides	90-98	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	76-80
15234776-5	2004	Here, we describe the effectiveness of SB-300 on cAMP-regulated chloride secretion, which is mediated by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Cl- channel (CFTR) in human colonic T84 cells.	Chlorides	64-72	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	174-178
15190104-7	2004	Here we show that Abeta stimulation of neonatal rat microglia specifically leads to the increase in CLIC1 protein and to the functional expression of CLIC1 chloride conductance, both barely detectable on the plasma membrane of quiescent cells.	Chlorides	156-164	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	18-23
15190104-7	2004	Here we show that Abeta stimulation of neonatal rat microglia specifically leads to the increase in CLIC1 protein and to the functional expression of CLIC1 chloride conductance, both barely detectable on the plasma membrane of quiescent cells.	Chlorides	156-164	chloride intracellular channel 1	Rattus norvegicus	150-155
14749298-5	2004	It is further shown that secretin and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) function via totally different mechanisms: 1) PACAP works only from the apical side of the epithelium to stimulate chloride and not bicarbonate secretion, while secretin acts on the apical and basolateral sides to stimulate chloride and bicarbonate secretion.	Chlorides	212-220	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	25-33
15130785-0	2004	Maximization of the rate of chloride conduction in the CFTR channel pore by ion-ion interactions.	Chlorides	28-36	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	55-59
14749298-5	2004	It is further shown that secretin and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) function via totally different mechanisms: 1) PACAP works only from the apical side of the epithelium to stimulate chloride and not bicarbonate secretion, while secretin acts on the apical and basolateral sides to stimulate chloride and bicarbonate secretion.	Chlorides	212-220	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-88
14749298-5	2004	It is further shown that secretin and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) function via totally different mechanisms: 1) PACAP works only from the apical side of the epithelium to stimulate chloride and not bicarbonate secretion, while secretin acts on the apical and basolateral sides to stimulate chloride and bicarbonate secretion.	Chlorides	212-220	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-95
14749298-5	2004	It is further shown that secretin and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) function via totally different mechanisms: 1) PACAP works only from the apical side of the epithelium to stimulate chloride and not bicarbonate secretion, while secretin acts on the apical and basolateral sides to stimulate chloride and bicarbonate secretion.	Chlorides	212-220	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-148
14749298-5	2004	It is further shown that secretin and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) function via totally different mechanisms: 1) PACAP works only from the apical side of the epithelium to stimulate chloride and not bicarbonate secretion, while secretin acts on the apical and basolateral sides to stimulate chloride and bicarbonate secretion.	Chlorides	321-329	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	25-33
14749298-5	2004	It is further shown that secretin and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) function via totally different mechanisms: 1) PACAP works only from the apical side of the epithelium to stimulate chloride and not bicarbonate secretion, while secretin acts on the apical and basolateral sides to stimulate chloride and bicarbonate secretion.	Chlorides	321-329	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-88
14749298-5	2004	It is further shown that secretin and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) function via totally different mechanisms: 1) PACAP works only from the apical side of the epithelium to stimulate chloride and not bicarbonate secretion, while secretin acts on the apical and basolateral sides to stimulate chloride and bicarbonate secretion.	Chlorides	321-329	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-95
14749298-5	2004	It is further shown that secretin and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) function via totally different mechanisms: 1) PACAP works only from the apical side of the epithelium to stimulate chloride and not bicarbonate secretion, while secretin acts on the apical and basolateral sides to stimulate chloride and bicarbonate secretion.	Chlorides	321-329	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-148
15163724-6	2004	sPB1-F2-treated membranes became permeable to monovalent cations, chloride, and to a lesser extent, divalent ions.	Chlorides	66-74	FtsJ RNA 2'-O-methyltransferase 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
15140939-1	2004	GABA-mediated fast-hyperpolarizing inhibition depends on extrusion of chloride by the neuron-specific K-Cl cotransporter, KCC2.	Chlorides	70-78	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	122-126
15132555-5	2004	Most surprisingly, the replacement of the excess dppe from NiCl(2)(dppe)/dppe with excess PPh(3) generated NiCl(2)(dppe)/PPh(3), which was found to be reactive for the cross-coupling of both electron-rich and electron-poor aryl mesylates and chlorides.	Chlorides	242-251	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	90-95
15132555-5	2004	Most surprisingly, the replacement of the excess dppe from NiCl(2)(dppe)/dppe with excess PPh(3) generated NiCl(2)(dppe)/PPh(3), which was found to be reactive for the cross-coupling of both electron-rich and electron-poor aryl mesylates and chlorides.	Chlorides	242-251	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	121-126
15149045-6	2004	The NO3- appears to be primarily associated with sea salt particles where chloride has been replaced by NO3-, although formation of calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) is important, too, on several days.	Chlorides	74-82	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	4-7
15121095-1	2004	The red cell anion exchanger (band 3; AE1) is a multispanning membrane protein that traverses the bilayer up to 14 times and mediates the stilbene-disulfonate-sensitive, electroneutral exchange of chloride and bicarbonate.	Chlorides	197-205	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	38-41
15121095-3	2004	Here we demonstrate that the chloride uptake mediated by assemblies separated at EC3 represents the physiological electroneutral Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) activity associated with intact AE1 protein.	Chlorides	29-37	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	177-180
15095369-6	2004	Similar results were obtained when using patch electrode and bath solutions containing chloride as the only cell permeant ion, indicating a calmodulin-dependent anion current is activated with this degree of hypo-osmotic treatment.	Chlorides	87-95	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	140-150
15086899-1	2004	BACKGROUND: Dent"s disease (X-linked nephrolithiasis) is a proximal tubulopathy that has been consistently associated with inactivating mutations in the CLCN5 gene encoding the ClC-5 chloride channel expressed in tubular epithelial cells.	Chlorides	183-191	chloride voltage-gated channel 5	Homo sapiens	153-158
15047166-1	2004	Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been shown to be a key regulator of intestinal epithelial functions such as mucus and chloride secretion, paracellular permeability, and cell proliferation.	Chlorides	126-134	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	31-34
15127135-1	2004	The immunofluorescence approach, the confocal microscopy and the patch-clamp technique were used to investigate the expression of ClC-3 (one of the candidates of volume-activated chloride channels) and its relationships with the volume-activated chloride current and the capacity of regulatory volume decrease (RVD) in the cell cycle of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (CNE-2Z cells).	Chlorides	179-187	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	130-135
15127135-7	2004	ClC-3 expression level was negatively correlated to the RVD capacity and amplitude of the volume-activated chloride current in the cell cycle.	Chlorides	107-115	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	0-5
15039462-6	2004	Iodide efflux and whole-cell patch-clamp experiments on these cells indicate a strong inhibition of CFTR chloride current by syntaxin 8 overexpression.	Chlorides	105-113	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cricetulus griseus	100-104
15079828-2	2004	Exchange of the chloride ions of 6 by thiocyanate ions afforded [Fe(6)(SCN)(6)(L(2))(6)] (7).	Chlorides	16-24	sorcin	Homo sapiens	71-74
14766743-0	2004	A single nucleotide polymorphism alters the activity of the renal Na+:Cl- cotransporter and reveals a role for transmembrane segment 4 in chloride and thiazide affinity.	Chlorides	138-146	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	66-87
14766756-9	2004	The data indicate it is the chloride anion that is bound to CcO, and there is a hydrophilic size-selective access channel to this site from the cytosolic side of the mitochondrial membrane.	Chlorides	28-42	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial	Bos taurus	60-63
14754994-0	2004	Identification of an N-terminal amino acid of the CLC-3 chloride channel critical in phosphorylation-dependent activation of a CaMKII-activated chloride current.	Chlorides	56-64	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	50-55
14754994-0	2004	Identification of an N-terminal amino acid of the CLC-3 chloride channel critical in phosphorylation-dependent activation of a CaMKII-activated chloride current.	Chlorides	56-64	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	127-133
15039462-6	2004	Iodide efflux and whole-cell patch-clamp experiments on these cells indicate a strong inhibition of CFTR chloride current by syntaxin 8 overexpression.	Chlorides	105-113	syntaxin-8	Cricetulus griseus	125-135
14744863-1	2004	The sodium- and chloride-dependent gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter GAT-1 is the first identified member of a family of transporters, which maintain low synaptic neurotransmitter levels and thereby enable efficient synaptic transmission.	Chlorides	16-24	solute carrier family 6 member 1	Homo sapiens	78-83
15100045-9	2004	The influence of the second chloride site upon several reactions of CcO has been assessed.	Chlorides	28-36	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial	Bos taurus	68-71
15074615-12	2004	Taking into account the proximity of the sampling site to the sea, and the observed chloride depletion, coarse mode nitrate, during the non-Asian dust period, is assumed to originate from the reaction of nitric acid with sodium chloride on the surfaces of sea-salt particles although the chloride depletion was not shown to be large enough to prove this assumption.	Chlorides	228-236	S13 erythroblastosis (avian) oncogene homolog	Homo sapiens	256-259
15048129-2	2004	Many SLC26 transporters (SLC26T) are expressed in the luminal membrane together with CFTR, which activates electrogenic chloride-bicarbonate exchange by SLC26T.	Chlorides	120-128	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	85-89
15070779-0	2004	Disease-causing mutant WNK4 increases paracellular chloride permeability and phosphorylates claudins.	Chlorides	51-59	serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK4	Canis lupus familiaris	23-27
15070779-4	2004	For example, an increase in paracellular chloride permeability has been postulated to be a mediator of PHAII pathogenesis, a possibility supported by the localization of WNK4 at tight junctions in vivo.	Chlorides	41-49	serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK4	Canis lupus familiaris	170-174
15070779-10	2004	The increased paracellular "chloride shunt" caused by the mutant WNK4 could be the pathogenic mechanism of PHAII.	Chlorides	28-36	serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK4	Canis lupus familiaris	65-69
14715652-4	2004	Functionally, pendrin is a transporter of chloride and iodide in Xenopus oocytes and heterologous mammalian cells and a chloride/base exchanger in beta-intercalated cells of the renal cortical collecting duct.	Chlorides	42-50	solute carrier family 26 member 4 gene 3 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	14-21
15053663-1	2004	The electroanalytical quantification of chloride in [C4mim][BF4], [C4mim][NTf2], and [C4mim][PF6] ionic liquids has been explored using linear sweep and square wave voltammetry.	Chlorides	40-48	nuclear transport factor 2	Homo sapiens	74-78
15053663-5	2004	This stripping protocol was found to detect ppb levels of chloride in [C4mim][BF4], [C4mim][NTf2], and [C4mim][PF6].	Chlorides	58-66	nuclear transport factor 2	Homo sapiens	92-96
15053663-5	2004	This stripping protocol was found to detect ppb levels of chloride in [C4mim][BF4], [C4mim][NTf2], and [C4mim][PF6].	Chlorides	58-66	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	111-114
15053663-6	2004	Although other methods for chloride have been reported for [BF4](-)- and [PF6](-)-based ionic liquids, no methods have been reported for [NTf2](-) ionic liquids.	Chlorides	27-35	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	74-77
15074609-8	2004	The majority of the tap water samples, collected from areas along the seashore contained increased concentrations of chloride ions, which is a clear indication of seawater intrusion into the related aquifers.	Chlorides	117-125	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	20-23
15057749-0	2004	Basolateral ClC-2 chloride channels in surface colon epithelium: regulation by a direct effect of intracellular chloride.	Chlorides	18-26	chloride channel protein 2	Cavia porcellus	12-17
15024039-1	2004	To determine whether protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) modulates volume-sensitive chloride current (I(Cl.vol)) in human atrial myocytes and to identify the PTKs involved, we studied the effects of broad-spectrum and selective PTK inhibitors and the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) inhibitor orthovanadate (VO(4)(-3)).	Chlorides	78-86	protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta	Homo sapiens	46-49
15084988-2	2004	We developed a simple method for measuring finger sweat chloride concentration to test whether CFTR dysfunction underlies chronic pancreatitis in Japan where cystic fibrosis (CF) is rare.	Chlorides	56-64	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	95-99
14640982-1	2004	AE1 (anion exchanger 1) is a glycoprotein found in the plasma membrane of erythrocytes, where it mediates the electroneutral exchange of chloride and bicarbonate, a process important in CO2 removal from tissues.	Chlorides	137-145	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-3
14640982-1	2004	AE1 (anion exchanger 1) is a glycoprotein found in the plasma membrane of erythrocytes, where it mediates the electroneutral exchange of chloride and bicarbonate, a process important in CO2 removal from tissues.	Chlorides	137-145	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	5-22
15012118-2	2004	The stereochemistry was determined to be syn in the reaction catalyzed by a dicationic palladium(II) catalyst generated from Pd(MeCN)4(BF4)2 and (S,S)-ip-boxax in the presence of benzoquinone in methanol, while it is mainly anti in the reaction catalyzed by PdCl2(MeCN)2 in the presence of a chloride ion.	Chlorides	292-300	synemin	Homo sapiens	41-44
15252489-14	2004	Addition of protons to this library reduced the number of components by inducing diastereoselectivity, and presence of chloride further simplified the 1H NMR spectrum, indicating that [Cl2 ligand Delta-[Co(II)(5H2)3]]6+ and [Co(II)(bipy)3]2+ were the dominant products.	Chlorides	119-127	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	203-209
14982415-2	2004	Repeating the reaction in the absence of AgX gave the chloride salt [DMAP.PCl2=NSiMe3]Cl which has been shown to be in equilibrium with free DMAP and Cl3P=NSiMe3.	Chlorides	54-67	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1	Homo sapiens	41-44
14982415-2	2004	Repeating the reaction in the absence of AgX gave the chloride salt [DMAP.PCl2=NSiMe3]Cl which has been shown to be in equilibrium with free DMAP and Cl3P=NSiMe3.	Chlorides	54-67	metal response element binding transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	74-78
14985069-5	2004	Experiments with arphamenine A, a specific inhibitor of aminopeptidase B, have shown the presence of two Arginine-aminopeptidase activities: arphamenine-sensitive: chloride-stimulated Arginine-aminopeptidase, and arphamenine-insensitive: chloride-insensitive Arginine-aminopeptidase.	Chlorides	164-172	arginyl aminopeptidase	Rattus norvegicus	56-72
14985069-5	2004	Experiments with arphamenine A, a specific inhibitor of aminopeptidase B, have shown the presence of two Arginine-aminopeptidase activities: arphamenine-sensitive: chloride-stimulated Arginine-aminopeptidase, and arphamenine-insensitive: chloride-insensitive Arginine-aminopeptidase.	Chlorides	164-172	arginyl aminopeptidase	Rattus norvegicus	105-128
14985069-5	2004	Experiments with arphamenine A, a specific inhibitor of aminopeptidase B, have shown the presence of two Arginine-aminopeptidase activities: arphamenine-sensitive: chloride-stimulated Arginine-aminopeptidase, and arphamenine-insensitive: chloride-insensitive Arginine-aminopeptidase.	Chlorides	164-172	arginyl aminopeptidase	Rattus norvegicus	184-207
14985069-5	2004	Experiments with arphamenine A, a specific inhibitor of aminopeptidase B, have shown the presence of two Arginine-aminopeptidase activities: arphamenine-sensitive: chloride-stimulated Arginine-aminopeptidase, and arphamenine-insensitive: chloride-insensitive Arginine-aminopeptidase.	Chlorides	164-172	arginyl aminopeptidase	Rattus norvegicus	184-207
14985069-5	2004	Experiments with arphamenine A, a specific inhibitor of aminopeptidase B, have shown the presence of two Arginine-aminopeptidase activities: arphamenine-sensitive: chloride-stimulated Arginine-aminopeptidase, and arphamenine-insensitive: chloride-insensitive Arginine-aminopeptidase.	Chlorides	238-246	arginyl aminopeptidase	Rattus norvegicus	56-72
14985069-5	2004	Experiments with arphamenine A, a specific inhibitor of aminopeptidase B, have shown the presence of two Arginine-aminopeptidase activities: arphamenine-sensitive: chloride-stimulated Arginine-aminopeptidase, and arphamenine-insensitive: chloride-insensitive Arginine-aminopeptidase.	Chlorides	238-246	arginyl aminopeptidase	Rattus norvegicus	105-128
14985069-9	2004	CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that chloride-insensitive Arginine-aminopeptidase could contribute to the hydrolysis of all studied angiotensin peptides in concert with other peptidases present in fibroblasts.	Chlorides	32-40	arginyl aminopeptidase	Rattus norvegicus	53-76
15025513-3	2004	The ECHA was identical to that synthesized by a known method from ethyl acetoacetate, strongly alkylated nitrobenzylpyridine, and may have arisen by N-nitrosation of glycine ethyl ester to give ethyl diazoacetate, which was C-nitrosated and reacted with chloride to give ECHA.	Chlorides	254-262	hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	4-8
14988827-0	2004	Guanylin regulates chloride secretion in the human gallbladder via the bile fluid.	Chlorides	19-27	guanylate cyclase activator 2A	Homo sapiens	0-8
15001366-6	2004	RESULTS: Microbiological evaluation of amniotic fluid PPROM revealed aerobic, anaerobic or mixed aerobic anaerobic infections PPROM was associated with significant elevation of both fetal serum and amniotic fluid prolactin concentrations, increased amniotic fluid osmolality, sodium, chlorides and calcium.	Chlorides	284-293	prolactin	Homo sapiens	213-222
14711803-4	2004	CLC-2-like pH-dependent chloride secretion exists in fetal airway cells.	Chlorides	24-32	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
14564485-3	2004	Thus, As(III) in the adamsite molecule was oxidized by manganese peroxidase to As(V) which added dioxygen and released chloride.	Chlorides	119-127	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	79-84
15074615-14	2004	Most chloride and sodium components were shown to originate from sea-salt particles.	Chlorides	5-13	S13 erythroblastosis (avian) oncogene homolog	Homo sapiens	65-68
12759755-3	2004	Three members of the gene family are involved in genetic disease; SLC26A2 in chondrodysplasias, SLC26A3 in chloride-losing diarrhea, and SLC26A4 in Pendred syndrome and hereditary deafness (DFNB4).	Chlorides	107-115	solute carrier family 26 (sulfate transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	66-73
14747320-0	2004	Conduction mechanisms of chloride ions in ClC-type channels.	Chlorides	25-33	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	42-45
14744818-0	2004	Activation of VPAC1 receptors by VIP and PACAP-27 in human bronchial epithelial cells induces CFTR-dependent chloride secretion.	Chlorides	109-117	vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	14-19
14744818-0	2004	Activation of VPAC1 receptors by VIP and PACAP-27 in human bronchial epithelial cells induces CFTR-dependent chloride secretion.	Chlorides	109-117	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	33-36
14744818-0	2004	Activation of VPAC1 receptors by VIP and PACAP-27 in human bronchial epithelial cells induces CFTR-dependent chloride secretion.	Chlorides	109-117	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	94-98
14744818-16	2004	This study shows the stimulation in human bronchial epithelial cells of CFTR-dependent chloride secretion following activation by VIP and PACAP-27 of basolateral VPAC(1) receptors.	Chlorides	87-95	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	72-76
14744818-16	2004	This study shows the stimulation in human bronchial epithelial cells of CFTR-dependent chloride secretion following activation by VIP and PACAP-27 of basolateral VPAC(1) receptors.	Chlorides	87-95	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	130-133
14610227-3	2004	OATP-B-mediated uptake of estrone-3-sulfate was independent of sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, or glutathione, whereas the proton ionophore carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone exhibited a pH-dependent inhibitory effect, suggesting that a proton gradient is a driving force for OATP-B.	Chlorides	71-79	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1	Homo sapiens	0-6
12759755-3	2004	Three members of the gene family are involved in genetic disease; SLC26A2 in chondrodysplasias, SLC26A3 in chloride-losing diarrhea, and SLC26A4 in Pendred syndrome and hereditary deafness (DFNB4).	Chlorides	107-115	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	96-103
12759755-3	2004	Three members of the gene family are involved in genetic disease; SLC26A2 in chondrodysplasias, SLC26A3 in chloride-losing diarrhea, and SLC26A4 in Pendred syndrome and hereditary deafness (DFNB4).	Chlorides	107-115	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	137-144
14689471-0	2004	Mechanically evoked reflex electrogenic chloride secretion in rat distal colon is triggered by endogenous nucleotides acting at P2Y1, P2Y2, and P2Y4 receptors.	Chlorides	40-48	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Rattus norvegicus	128-132
14689471-0	2004	Mechanically evoked reflex electrogenic chloride secretion in rat distal colon is triggered by endogenous nucleotides acting at P2Y1, P2Y2, and P2Y4 receptors.	Chlorides	40-48	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Rattus norvegicus	134-138
14689471-0	2004	Mechanically evoked reflex electrogenic chloride secretion in rat distal colon is triggered by endogenous nucleotides acting at P2Y1, P2Y2, and P2Y4 receptors.	Chlorides	40-48	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y4	Rattus norvegicus	144-148
14687582-9	2004	The inhibition could also be related with the secretagogue effect of TNF-alpha on the gut since the intracellular tissue water was affected and the absence of chloride ion in the incubation medium partly removed the cytokine inhibition on sugar intestinal transport in treated rabbits.	Chlorides	159-167	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	69-78
14660489-0	2004	Chloride-dependent calcium transients induced by angiotensin II in vascular smooth muscle cells.	Chlorides	0-8	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	49-63
14710196-7	2004	PIP(2) application to phosphorylated CFTR may inhibit the CFTR chloride current.	Chlorides	63-71	prolactin induced protein	Homo sapiens	0-3
14710196-7	2004	PIP(2) application to phosphorylated CFTR may inhibit the CFTR chloride current.	Chlorides	63-71	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	37-41
14710196-7	2004	PIP(2) application to phosphorylated CFTR may inhibit the CFTR chloride current.	Chlorides	63-71	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	58-62
14710196-8	2004	We suggest that regulation of CFTR by PIP(2) is a previously unrecognized, alternative mechanism to control chloride conductance.	Chlorides	108-116	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	30-34
14710196-8	2004	We suggest that regulation of CFTR by PIP(2) is a previously unrecognized, alternative mechanism to control chloride conductance.	Chlorides	108-116	prolactin induced protein	Homo sapiens	38-41
14748292-8	2004	Five general mechanisms have been proposed which describe how CFTR gene mutations influence CFTR-mediated chloride secretion.	Chlorides	106-114	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	62-66
14748292-8	2004	Five general mechanisms have been proposed which describe how CFTR gene mutations influence CFTR-mediated chloride secretion.	Chlorides	106-114	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	92-96
14675033-2	2004	The majority of patients with Gitelman syndrome carry inactivating mutations in the SLC12A3 gene encoding the sodium-chloride cotransporter located in the distal convoluted tubule.	Chlorides	117-125	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	84-91
14729150-5	2003	Recent studies of Cl(-)-stimulated ATPase activity and chloride transport in the same membrane system, including liposomes, suggest a mediation by the ATPase in net movement of chloride up its electrochemical gradient across plasma membranes.	Chlorides	55-63	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	151-157
14675050-7	2004	RESULTS: Chloride currents induced by the ClC-Kb variants L27R, G214A, I419V, T562M, and E578K were not significantly different from wild-type currents.	Chlorides	9-17	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive Kb L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	42-48
14992262-3	2004	In particular, intracellular chloride activity and hence the neuronal response to GABA and glycine appears to be determined by a balance between chloride efflux and influx through KCC2 and the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter NKCC1, respectively.	Chlorides	29-37	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	180-184
14992262-3	2004	In particular, intracellular chloride activity and hence the neuronal response to GABA and glycine appears to be determined by a balance between chloride efflux and influx through KCC2 and the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter NKCC1, respectively.	Chlorides	29-37	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	219-224
15561405-10	2004	The hormonal regulation of water and ionic homeostasis is achieved by the opposing effects of vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide on astroglial water and chloride uptake.	Chlorides	161-169	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	94-105
14729150-5	2003	Recent studies of Cl(-)-stimulated ATPase activity and chloride transport in the same membrane system, including liposomes, suggest a mediation by the ATPase in net movement of chloride up its electrochemical gradient across plasma membranes.	Chlorides	177-185	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	35-41
14729150-5	2003	Recent studies of Cl(-)-stimulated ATPase activity and chloride transport in the same membrane system, including liposomes, suggest a mediation by the ATPase in net movement of chloride up its electrochemical gradient across plasma membranes.	Chlorides	177-185	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	151-157
14633118-4	2003	The ability of MPO to generate hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite (HOCl/OCl-) from hydrogen peroxide in the presence of chloride ions is a unique and defining activity for this enzyme.	Chlorides	116-124	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	15-18
14523607-0	2003	Influence of chloride and sediment matrix on the extractability of HgS (cinnabar and metacinnabar) by nitric acid.	Chlorides	13-21	hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate	Homo sapiens	67-70
14523607-4	2003	As the same effect was not obtained in the presence of FeOOH, we concluded that chloride and not Fe3+ was responsible for HgS dissolution.	Chlorides	80-88	hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate	Homo sapiens	122-125
14523607-5	2003	In fact, addition of very low chloride concentration to concentrated HNO3 provoked partial (Cl>10(-4) M) or even total dissolution (Cl>10(-2) M) of HgS.	Chlorides	30-38	hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate	Homo sapiens	154-157
14523607-7	2003	Extraction of HgS by concentrated HNO3 in the presence of sediment of various salinities demonstrated that the amount of dissolved HgS increased with the increase of the sediment salinity (from freshwater to estuarine and marine sediment), confirming that chloride enhances dissolution of HgS.	Chlorides	256-264	hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate	Homo sapiens	14-17
14523607-7	2003	Extraction of HgS by concentrated HNO3 in the presence of sediment of various salinities demonstrated that the amount of dissolved HgS increased with the increase of the sediment salinity (from freshwater to estuarine and marine sediment), confirming that chloride enhances dissolution of HgS.	Chlorides	256-264	hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate	Homo sapiens	131-134
14523607-7	2003	Extraction of HgS by concentrated HNO3 in the presence of sediment of various salinities demonstrated that the amount of dissolved HgS increased with the increase of the sediment salinity (from freshwater to estuarine and marine sediment), confirming that chloride enhances dissolution of HgS.	Chlorides	256-264	hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate	Homo sapiens	131-134
14523607-8	2003	Removal of chloride by washing the sediment with Milli-Q water significantly reduced dissolution of added HgS during extraction by concentrated HNO3.	Chlorides	11-19	hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate	Homo sapiens	106-109
14686894-2	2003	This is attributable to a decrease in the concentration of intracellular chloride set by the expression of the neuron-specific K+-Cl- co-transporter, KCC2.	Chlorides	73-81	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	150-154
14633948-8	2003	Colonic chloride secretory responses (in vitro) were significantly diminished relative to those in controls, a defect that was reversed by pre-exposure to a selective COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) but not to a selective COX-1 inhibitor (SC-560).	Chlorides	8-16	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	167-172
14610019-1	2003	Chloride permeation through the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channel is blocked by a broad range of anions that bind tightly within the pore.	Chlorides	0-8	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	32-83
14610019-1	2003	Chloride permeation through the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channel is blocked by a broad range of anions that bind tightly within the pore.	Chlorides	0-8	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	85-89
14610020-0	2003	Stretch of beta 1 integrin activates an outwardly rectifying chloride current via FAK and Src in rabbit ventricular myocytes.	Chlorides	61-69	proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src	Oryctolagus cuniculus	90-93
14633118-5	2003	The MPO-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system leads to a variety of chlorinated protein and lipid adducts that in turn may cause dysfunction of cells in different compartments of the kidney.	Chlorides	26-34	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	4-7
14633118-6	2003	The aim of this article is to cover and interpret some experimental and clinical aspects in glomerular and tubulointerstitial diseases in which the MPO-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system has been considered an important pathophysiologic factor in the progression but also the attenuation of experimental renal disease.	Chlorides	170-178	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	148-151
14633118-8	2003	Specifically, the interaction of MPO with nitric oxide metabolism adds to the complexity of actions of oxidants and may help to explain bimodal partly detrimental partly beneficial effects of the MPO-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system in redox-modulated renal diseases.	Chlorides	218-226	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	33-36
14633118-8	2003	Specifically, the interaction of MPO with nitric oxide metabolism adds to the complexity of actions of oxidants and may help to explain bimodal partly detrimental partly beneficial effects of the MPO-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system in redox-modulated renal diseases.	Chlorides	218-226	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	196-199
14983080-4	2003	The chloride ion pore for Cl2 (one of the two chloride ions revealed in the X-ray structure of tACE) that connects the external solution with the inner part of the protein was identified on the basis of an extended network of water molecules.	Chlorides	4-12	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	26-29
14654610-1	2003	OBJECTIVE: The anion exchanger gene (AE1) or band 3 encodes a chloride-bicarbonate (Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-)) exchanger expressed in the erythrocyte and in the renal alpha-intercalated cells involved in urine acidification.	Chlorides	62-70	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	37-40
14983080-4	2003	The chloride ion pore for Cl2 (one of the two chloride ions revealed in the X-ray structure of tACE) that connects the external solution with the inner part of the protein was identified on the basis of an extended network of water molecules.	Chlorides	4-12	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	95-99
14983080-4	2003	The chloride ion pore for Cl2 (one of the two chloride ions revealed in the X-ray structure of tACE) that connects the external solution with the inner part of the protein was identified on the basis of an extended network of water molecules.	Chlorides	46-54	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	26-29
14983080-4	2003	The chloride ion pore for Cl2 (one of the two chloride ions revealed in the X-ray structure of tACE) that connects the external solution with the inner part of the protein was identified on the basis of an extended network of water molecules.	Chlorides	46-54	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	95-99
14602417-1	2003	N-acylation of chitosan with various fatty acid (C(6)-C(16)) chlorides increased its hydrophobic character and made important changes in its structural features.	Chlorides	61-70	complement C6	Homo sapiens	49-53
14609329-8	2003	As with ACE, the chloride dependence of ACE2 is substrate-specific such that the hydrolysis of angiotensin I and the synthetic peptide substrate, Mca-APK(Dnp), are activated in the presence of chloride ions, whereas the cleavage of angiotensin II is inhibited.	Chlorides	193-201	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	95-108
14609329-0	2003	Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2): comparative modeling of the active site, specificity requirements, and chloride dependence.	Chlorides	111-119	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	0-31
14609329-0	2003	Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2): comparative modeling of the active site, specificity requirements, and chloride dependence.	Chlorides	111-119	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	33-37
14609329-8	2003	As with ACE, the chloride dependence of ACE2 is substrate-specific such that the hydrolysis of angiotensin I and the synthetic peptide substrate, Mca-APK(Dnp), are activated in the presence of chloride ions, whereas the cleavage of angiotensin II is inhibited.	Chlorides	17-25	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	8-11
14609329-8	2003	As with ACE, the chloride dependence of ACE2 is substrate-specific such that the hydrolysis of angiotensin I and the synthetic peptide substrate, Mca-APK(Dnp), are activated in the presence of chloride ions, whereas the cleavage of angiotensin II is inhibited.	Chlorides	17-25	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	40-44
14609329-8	2003	As with ACE, the chloride dependence of ACE2 is substrate-specific such that the hydrolysis of angiotensin I and the synthetic peptide substrate, Mca-APK(Dnp), are activated in the presence of chloride ions, whereas the cleavage of angiotensin II is inhibited.	Chlorides	193-201	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	232-246
14609329-8	2003	As with ACE, the chloride dependence of ACE2 is substrate-specific such that the hydrolysis of angiotensin I and the synthetic peptide substrate, Mca-APK(Dnp), are activated in the presence of chloride ions, whereas the cleavage of angiotensin II is inhibited.	Chlorides	17-25	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	95-108
14609329-8	2003	As with ACE, the chloride dependence of ACE2 is substrate-specific such that the hydrolysis of angiotensin I and the synthetic peptide substrate, Mca-APK(Dnp), are activated in the presence of chloride ions, whereas the cleavage of angiotensin II is inhibited.	Chlorides	17-25	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	232-246
14609329-9	2003	The ACE2 model is also suggestive of a possible mechanism for chloride activation.	Chlorides	62-70	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	4-8
14609329-8	2003	As with ACE, the chloride dependence of ACE2 is substrate-specific such that the hydrolysis of angiotensin I and the synthetic peptide substrate, Mca-APK(Dnp), are activated in the presence of chloride ions, whereas the cleavage of angiotensin II is inhibited.	Chlorides	193-201	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	8-11
14609329-8	2003	As with ACE, the chloride dependence of ACE2 is substrate-specific such that the hydrolysis of angiotensin I and the synthetic peptide substrate, Mca-APK(Dnp), are activated in the presence of chloride ions, whereas the cleavage of angiotensin II is inhibited.	Chlorides	193-201	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	40-44
14609329-10	2003	The structural insights provided by these analyses for the differences in inhibition pattern and substrate specificity among ACE and its homologue ACE2 and for the chloride dependence of ACE/ACE2 activity are valuable in understanding the function and regulation of ACE2.	Chlorides	164-172	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	125-128
14609329-10	2003	The structural insights provided by these analyses for the differences in inhibition pattern and substrate specificity among ACE and its homologue ACE2 and for the chloride dependence of ACE/ACE2 activity are valuable in understanding the function and regulation of ACE2.	Chlorides	164-172	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	191-195
14609329-10	2003	The structural insights provided by these analyses for the differences in inhibition pattern and substrate specificity among ACE and its homologue ACE2 and for the chloride dependence of ACE/ACE2 activity are valuable in understanding the function and regulation of ACE2.	Chlorides	164-172	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	191-195
14599211-1	2003	Myeloperoxidase released from activated phagocytes reacts with H(2)O(2) in the presence of chloride ions to give hypochlorous acid.	Chlorides	91-99	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
16113406-1	2004	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a channel/enzyme which mediates passive diffusion of chloride and bicarbonate through epithelial cell membranes.	Chlorides	119-127	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-55
16113406-1	2004	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a channel/enzyme which mediates passive diffusion of chloride and bicarbonate through epithelial cell membranes.	Chlorides	119-127	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
12869384-3	2003	The aim of this study was to determine the role of AMPK in the modulation of colonic chloride secretion under conditions of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.	Chlorides	85-93	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	51-55
12829435-5	2003	ANF decreased chloride secretion and increased the pH of the pancreatic juice.	Chlorides	14-22	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
12869384-6	2003	Cell culture studies in human colonic T84 monolayers examined the effect of hydrogen peroxide and pharmacological activation of AMPK on forskolin-stimulated chloride secretion.	Chlorides	157-165	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	128-132
12869384-10	2003	Inhibition of AMPK prevented the reduction in chloride secretion.	Chlorides	46-54	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	14-18
12869384-11	2003	Treatment of cells with the AMPK activator, AICAR, resulted in a decreased chloride secretion.	Chlorides	75-83	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	28-32
12869384-12	2003	In conclusion, AMPK activation is linked with reductions in cAMP-mediated epithelial chloride flux and may be a contributing factor to the hyporesponsiveness seen under conditions of chronic inflammation.	Chlorides	85-93	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	15-19
14708618-7	2003	P2Y2 receptors were found only in periderm cells and may have a role in chloride and fluid secretion into the amniotic fluid.	Chlorides	72-80	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Homo sapiens	0-4
14714518-1	2003	It was shown using the Ellman"s reagent that chloride and bicarbonate anions are the heat-induced reducing agents of sea-water, and their combined action is more than additive.	Chlorides	45-53	S13 erythroblastosis (avian) oncogene homolog	Homo sapiens	117-120
14740428-8	2003	Myeloperoxidase produces not only the strong oxidant bleach (hypochlorous acid) out of hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions but also oxidizes LDL into a macrophage high-uptake form, inactivates protease inhibitors, and consumes nitric oxide.	Chlorides	109-117	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
14724753-0	2003	Modulation of calcium-dependent chloride secretion by basolateral SK4-like channels in a human bronchial cell line.	Chlorides	32-40	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	66-69
14724753-11	2003	K(Ca) channels presenting the pharmacology of SK4 channels are present on both apical and basolateral membranes, but it is the basolateral SK4-like channels that play a major role in calcium-dependent chloride secretion in 16HBE14o- cells.	Chlorides	201-209	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	139-142
12930913-7	2003	A relation was also observed between MRP1 levels and presence of a cAMP-independent chloride conductive pathway, as determined by a halide-sensitive fluorescent assay.	Chlorides	84-92	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
14581587-0	2003	Electrostatic control and chloride regulation of the fast gating of ClC-0 chloride channels.	Chlorides	26-34	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	68-71
12878608-5	2003	Surprisingly, the level of chloride current in the Kv1.3-/- thymocytes was increased approximately 50-fold over that in wild-type cells.	Chlorides	27-35	potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 3	Mus musculus	51-56
12871209-2	2003	The activity of TAUT in the HepG2 cells was evaluated by means of a sodium- and chloride-dependent high-affinity transport system, the characteristics of which were similar to those of the beta amino-acid-specific taurine transport system described previously for various tissues [Uchida, Kwon, Yamauchi, Preston, Marumo and Handler (1992) Proc.	Chlorides	80-88	solute carrier family 6 member 6	Homo sapiens	16-20
14531697-1	2003	A single method (2% Pd(2)(dba)(3)/8% PCyp(3)/NMI in THF/NMP at 80 degrees C; Cyp = cyclopentyl) achieves the cross-coupling of a range of beta-hydrogen-containing primary alkyl iodides, bromides, chlorides, and tosylates with an array of alkyl-, alkenyl-, and arylzinc halides.	Chlorides	196-205	peptidylprolyl isomerase G	Homo sapiens	38-41
12898089-5	2003	Our results show that GTP(gammaS) (100 micro M) caused a significant increase in Na(v)1.8 current (67%) with a chloride-based intracellular solution.	Chlorides	111-119	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 10	Rattus norvegicus	81-89
14517795-7	2003	RESULTS: GH inhibited CCh-induced chloride secretion at up to 10 nmol/L, but higher concentrations were less effective.	Chlorides	34-42	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	9-11
14517795-0	2003	Growth hormone reduces chloride secretion in human colonic epithelial cells via EGF receptor and extracellular regulated kinase.	Chlorides	23-31	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-14
14517795-3	2003	We examined whether GH inhibits chloride secretion induced by carbachol (CCh, a calcium-dependent pathway), and the downstream effectors responsible.	Chlorides	32-40	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	20-22
12955726-0	2003	CFTR genotypes in patients with normal or borderline sweat chloride levels.	Chlorides	59-67	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
12955726-10	2003	These findings improve our understanding of the distribution of CFTR alleles in CF with normal or borderline sweat chloride concentrations and will facilitate the development of more sensitive CFTR mutation screening.	Chlorides	115-123	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	64-68
14694902-3	2003	The Fxyd3 gene (formerly called Mat-8) encodes an 8-kDa transmembrane protein that is upregulated in mammary tumors and can induce a chloride conductance upon RNA injection into Xenopus oocytes.	Chlorides	133-141	FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 3	Mus musculus	4-9
12890704-1	2003	(1) The 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid (CPP) modulates in a stereoselective manner the macroscopic chloride conductance (gCl), the electrical parameter sustained by the CLC-1 channel, of skeletal muscle.	Chlorides	102-110	germ cell-less 1, spermatogenesis associated	Rattus norvegicus	124-127
12890704-1	2003	(1) The 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid (CPP) modulates in a stereoselective manner the macroscopic chloride conductance (gCl), the electrical parameter sustained by the CLC-1 channel, of skeletal muscle.	Chlorides	102-110	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Rattus norvegicus	172-177
14515130-1	2003	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-activated chloride channel expressed in a wide variety of epithelial cells, mutations of which are responsible for the hallmark defective chloride secretion observed in cystic fibrosis (CF).	Chlorides	79-87	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-51
14515130-1	2003	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-activated chloride channel expressed in a wide variety of epithelial cells, mutations of which are responsible for the hallmark defective chloride secretion observed in cystic fibrosis (CF).	Chlorides	79-87	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	53-57
14550638-3	2003	NSP4 has a membrane-destabilizing activity and causes an increase in intracellular calcium levels and chloride secretion by a calcium-dependent signalling pathway in eucaryotic cells.	Chlorides	102-110	protease, serine 57	Mus musculus	0-4
14599441-9	2003	It was found that aluminium, cadmium, mercury, di-phenyl mercury, lead, diethyl lead, in chloride forms, and manganese, in sulphate form, led to statistically significant decreases in DHPR activity, in a concentration-dependent manner, in vitro.	Chlorides	89-97	quinoid dihydropteridine reductase	Homo sapiens	184-188
14507972-0	2003	Brain-derived neurotrophic factor modulation of GABAergic synapses by postsynaptic regulation of chloride transport.	Chlorides	97-105	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-33
12820897-1	2003	CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) mediates chloride conduction across the apical membrane of epithelia, and mutations in CFTR lead to defective epithelial fluid transport.	Chlorides	68-76	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
12820897-1	2003	CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) mediates chloride conduction across the apical membrane of epithelia, and mutations in CFTR lead to defective epithelial fluid transport.	Chlorides	68-76	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	6-57
12957658-0	2003	Novel SIN-1 reactive intermediates modulate chloride secretion across murine airway cells.	Chlorides	44-52	mitogen-activated protein kinase associated protein 1	Mus musculus	6-11
12967937-8	2003	(5) 7,8-Benzoquinoline was shown to increase chloride conductance of apical epithelial membranes, presumed to be by activation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.	Chlorides	45-53	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	134-185
13679192-0	2003	2-(dialkylamino)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one derivatives modify chloride conductance in CFTR expressing cells.	Chlorides	58-66	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	82-86
12923244-1	2003	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, which has a major role as a chloride (Cl(-)) channel.	Chlorides	152-160	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	69-107
12923244-1	2003	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, which has a major role as a chloride (Cl(-)) channel.	Chlorides	152-160	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	109-113
12911818-1	2003	The human anion exchanger AE1 (Band 3) is an abundant glycoprotein localized in plasma membrane of red cells and is responsible for the electro-neutral exchange of chloride for bicarbonate.	Chlorides	164-172	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	26-29
12930801-5	2003	Around hatching, waves gradually become stationary patches, whereas GABA(A) shifts from excitatory to inhibitory, coinciding with the upregulation of the cotransporter KCC2, suggesting that changes in intracellular chloride underlie the shift.	Chlorides	215-223	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	168-172
12852954-1	2003	A novel class of activators for chloride conductance in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein has been identified.	Chlorides	32-40	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	60-111
12852954-1	2003	A novel class of activators for chloride conductance in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein has been identified.	Chlorides	32-40	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	113-117
12852954-3	2003	Utilizing a fluorescence cell-based assay of halide transport, the best compounds increased CFTR-dependent chloride transport with half-maximal stimulation at 20-50 microM.	Chlorides	107-115	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	92-96
14517795-13	2003	PD98059, but not SB203580, reversed the inhibitory effect of GH on chloride secretion.	Chlorides	67-75	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	61-63
14517795-14	2003	CONCLUSIONS: GH inhibits CCh-induced chloride secretion via a JAK2-dependent mechanism involving transactivation of EGFr and consequent recruitment of ERK1/2.	Chlorides	37-45	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	13-15
14517795-14	2003	CONCLUSIONS: GH inhibits CCh-induced chloride secretion via a JAK2-dependent mechanism involving transactivation of EGFr and consequent recruitment of ERK1/2.	Chlorides	37-45	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	62-66
14517795-14	2003	CONCLUSIONS: GH inhibits CCh-induced chloride secretion via a JAK2-dependent mechanism involving transactivation of EGFr and consequent recruitment of ERK1/2.	Chlorides	37-45	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	116-120
14517795-14	2003	CONCLUSIONS: GH inhibits CCh-induced chloride secretion via a JAK2-dependent mechanism involving transactivation of EGFr and consequent recruitment of ERK1/2.	Chlorides	37-45	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	151-157
14517795-16	2003	These data elucidate mechanisms of GH inhibition of chloride secretion in intestinal epithelia, which may be relevant to therapeutic benefits of GH in Crohn"s disease or other diarrheal diseases.	Chlorides	52-60	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	35-37
14517795-16	2003	These data elucidate mechanisms of GH inhibition of chloride secretion in intestinal epithelia, which may be relevant to therapeutic benefits of GH in Crohn"s disease or other diarrheal diseases.	Chlorides	52-60	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	145-147
12834626-9	2003	The present findings suggest that MCP-1, RANTES, and IP-10 may participate in the pathogenesis of mercuric chloride-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis with mononuclear cell infiltration, via CCR2, CCR1 or CCR5, and CXCR3, respectively.	Chlorides	107-115	C-C motif chemokine receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	192-196
12834626-9	2003	The present findings suggest that MCP-1, RANTES, and IP-10 may participate in the pathogenesis of mercuric chloride-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis with mononuclear cell infiltration, via CCR2, CCR1 or CCR5, and CXCR3, respectively.	Chlorides	107-115	C-C motif chemokine receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	198-202
12834626-9	2003	The present findings suggest that MCP-1, RANTES, and IP-10 may participate in the pathogenesis of mercuric chloride-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis with mononuclear cell infiltration, via CCR2, CCR1 or CCR5, and CXCR3, respectively.	Chlorides	107-115	mast cell protease 1-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-39
12834626-9	2003	The present findings suggest that MCP-1, RANTES, and IP-10 may participate in the pathogenesis of mercuric chloride-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis with mononuclear cell infiltration, via CCR2, CCR1 or CCR5, and CXCR3, respectively.	Chlorides	107-115	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Rattus norvegicus	41-47
12834626-9	2003	The present findings suggest that MCP-1, RANTES, and IP-10 may participate in the pathogenesis of mercuric chloride-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis with mononuclear cell infiltration, via CCR2, CCR1 or CCR5, and CXCR3, respectively.	Chlorides	107-115	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Rattus norvegicus	206-210
12834626-9	2003	The present findings suggest that MCP-1, RANTES, and IP-10 may participate in the pathogenesis of mercuric chloride-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis with mononuclear cell infiltration, via CCR2, CCR1 or CCR5, and CXCR3, respectively.	Chlorides	107-115	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3	Rattus norvegicus	216-221
12834626-9	2003	The present findings suggest that MCP-1, RANTES, and IP-10 may participate in the pathogenesis of mercuric chloride-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis with mononuclear cell infiltration, via CCR2, CCR1 or CCR5, and CXCR3, respectively.	Chlorides	107-115	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
12854086-2	2003	Substance P (SP), a neuropeptide belonging to the tachykinin family, is expressed in gastrointestinal tract and can cause electrogenic chloride anion secretion.	Chlorides	135-149	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	0-11
12854086-2	2003	Substance P (SP), a neuropeptide belonging to the tachykinin family, is expressed in gastrointestinal tract and can cause electrogenic chloride anion secretion.	Chlorides	135-149	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	13-15
14502435-8	2003	Whole-cell recordings of CFTR chloride currents from cells expressing wild-type or G551D-CFTR in the presence of NS004 were linear, time- and voltage-independent.	Chlorides	30-38	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cricetulus griseus	25-29
14502435-8	2003	Whole-cell recordings of CFTR chloride currents from cells expressing wild-type or G551D-CFTR in the presence of NS004 were linear, time- and voltage-independent.	Chlorides	30-38	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cricetulus griseus	89-93
12709395-12	2003	We postulate that KCC4 mediates potassium and chloride exit from the cell and may play an important role in salt absorption by the distal convoluted tubule.	Chlorides	46-54	solute carrier family 12 member 7	Oryctolagus cuniculus	18-22
12832463-1	2003	The anion exchanger protein 1 (AE1; band 3) is an abundant erythrocyte transmembrane protein that regulates chloride-bicarbonate exchange and provides an attachment site for the erythrocyte membrane skeleton on the cytoplasmic domain.	Chlorides	108-116	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	4-29
12810559-1	2003	In mature central neurons, chloride extrusion mediated by the K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 appears to be largely responsible for the Cl(-) driving force that allows gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) (GABA(A)) receptor activation to trigger a hyperpolarization.	Chlorides	27-35	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	81-85
12887405-6	2003	Coexpression in Xenopus oocytes of NPFR76F with the promiscuous G-protein Galpha16 showed that this receptor is activated by the vertebrate neuropeptide Y family to produce inward currents due to the activation of an endogenous oocyte calcium-dependent chloride current.	Chlorides	253-261	short neuropeptide F receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	35-42
12787959-2	2003	The heme enzyme MPO catalyzes the conversion of hydrogen peroxide and chloride to hypochlorous acid.	Chlorides	70-78	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	16-19
12832463-1	2003	The anion exchanger protein 1 (AE1; band 3) is an abundant erythrocyte transmembrane protein that regulates chloride-bicarbonate exchange and provides an attachment site for the erythrocyte membrane skeleton on the cytoplasmic domain.	Chlorides	108-116	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	31-34
12707262-7	2003	Additionally, GABA-gated chloride currents in HEK 293 cells expressing wild-type receptors are increased by introduction of a peptide corresponding to the dileucine motif region of the receptor beta2 subunit but not by a control peptide containing alanine substitutions for the dileucine motif.	Chlorides	25-33	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	194-199
12796199-1	2003	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with mutation and abnormal function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) that affects cellular chloride transport.	Chlorides	159-167	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	78-129
12832086-10	2003	(4) Chloride inhibits wild-type RFC but the E45K mutant requires chloride for activity.	Chlorides	4-12	solute carrier family 19 (folate transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	32-35
12832086-10	2003	(4) Chloride inhibits wild-type RFC but the E45K mutant requires chloride for activity.	Chlorides	65-73	solute carrier family 19 (folate transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	32-35
12821934-5	2003	Furthermore, other platinum compounds such as transplatin and platinum (IV) chloride can induce activation of p38 MAPK.	Chlorides	74-84	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	110-113
12943506-1	2003	It was established that nitrite in the presence of chloride, bromide, and thiocyanate decreases the rate of hydrogen peroxide decomposition by catalase.	Chlorides	51-59	catalase	Homo sapiens	143-151
12943506-10	2003	The naturally existing gradient of chloride and other anion concentrations between intra- and extracellular media appears to be the most important mechanism of cell protection from inhibition of intracellular catalase by nitrite.	Chlorides	35-43	catalase	Homo sapiens	209-217
12885620-8	2003	We demonstrate that the lysozyme net charge is larger, and the corresponding Debye length shorter, in a thiocyanate salt solution than in a chloride salt solution.	Chlorides	140-153	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	24-32
12797804-8	2003	In the specific case of the diether systems, the largest chloride affinity was seen with the shortest strap, whereas the largest affinity for bromide anion was recorded in the case of the longest strap.	Chlorides	57-65	serine/threonine kinase receptor associated protein	Homo sapiens	102-107
12796199-1	2003	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with mutation and abnormal function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) that affects cellular chloride transport.	Chlorides	159-167	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	131-135
12810195-4	2003	In addition, genetic studies have identified gain-of-function mutations in the CASR gene, leading to a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of Bartter"s syndrome, an inherited nephropathy that results in deficiency of sodium and chloride absorption.	Chlorides	234-242	calcium sensing receptor	Homo sapiens	79-83
12642503-8	2003	Based on this, we would like to suggest that Foxi1 is an upstream regulator of pendrin and that the phenotype seen in Foxi1 null mice is, at least in part, due to defective pendrin-mediated chloride ion resorption in the endolymphatic duct/sac epithelium.	Chlorides	190-198	forkhead box I1	Mus musculus	118-123
12835843-4	2003	Substances, that compete for the chloride combining site of the motor protein prestin, such as salicylate, might have a blocking effect on the regulation of electromotility.	Chlorides	33-41	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	78-85
12763658-1	2003	Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) from rat brain was inhibited strongly by the prepared cadmium and zinc ethanolamine complexes obtained from their sulphate and chloride salts.	Chlorides	155-169	monoamine oxidase B	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
12763658-1	2003	Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) from rat brain was inhibited strongly by the prepared cadmium and zinc ethanolamine complexes obtained from their sulphate and chloride salts.	Chlorides	155-169	monoamine oxidase B	Rattus norvegicus	21-26
12962276-9	2003	In contrast, the null mutation of kcne1 completely impaired volume-sensitive chloride and potassium currents in PCT.	Chlorides	77-85	potassium voltage-gated channel, Isk-related subfamily, member 1	Mus musculus	34-39
12679372-1	2003	Chloride permeation through the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channel is blocked by highly lyotropic permeant anions which bind tightly within the pore.	Chlorides	0-8	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	32-83
12679372-1	2003	Chloride permeation through the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channel is blocked by highly lyotropic permeant anions which bind tightly within the pore.	Chlorides	0-8	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	85-89
12847417-5	2003	Recent molecular cloning experiments have identified the existence of 4 NBC isoforms (NBC1, 2, 3 and 4) and 2 NBC-related proteins AE4 and NCBE (anion exchanger 4 and sodium-dependent chloride-bicarbonate exchanger).	Chlorides	184-192	solute carrier family 4 member 9	Homo sapiens	131-134
12761352-8	2003	Reversal potential measurements showed that the human P2X5 receptor was permeable to calcium (PCa/PNa = 1.5) and N-methyl-d-glucamine (NMDG) (PNMDG/PNa = 0.4); it was also permeable to chloride (PCl/PNa = 0.5) but not gluconate (Pgluc/PNa = 0.01) ions.	Chlorides	185-193	purinergic receptor P2X 5	Homo sapiens	54-58
12746499-0	2003	Chloride, not sodium, stimulates expression of the gamma subunit of Na/K-ATPase and activates JNK in response to hypertonicity in mouse IMCD3 cells.	Chlorides	0-8	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	94-97
12637509-9	2003	The inwardly rectifying rClC-2 chloride current was activated by hyperpolarization but not by pH variation.	Chlorides	31-39	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Rattus norvegicus	24-30
12637509-10	2003	A different depolarization-activated outwardly rectifying chloride current was activated only by hypotonic challenge and may correspond either to rClC-3 or rClC-6.	Chlorides	58-66	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Rattus norvegicus	146-152
12444014-7	2003	The transport characteristics are similar to the cloned neuronal VGLUT1 and -2 in regard to ATP dependence, substrate specificity, kinetics, and chloride dependence.	Chlorides	145-153	solute carrier family 17 member 7	Homo sapiens	65-78
12803421-6	2003	Recent studies of Cl(-) -stimulated ATPase activity and ATP-dependent chloride transport in the same plasma membrane system, including liposomes, strongly suggest a mediation by the ATPase in the net movement of chloride up its electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane structure.	Chlorides	70-78	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	182-188
12803421-6	2003	Recent studies of Cl(-) -stimulated ATPase activity and ATP-dependent chloride transport in the same plasma membrane system, including liposomes, strongly suggest a mediation by the ATPase in the net movement of chloride up its electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane structure.	Chlorides	212-220	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	36-42
12803421-6	2003	Recent studies of Cl(-) -stimulated ATPase activity and ATP-dependent chloride transport in the same plasma membrane system, including liposomes, strongly suggest a mediation by the ATPase in the net movement of chloride up its electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane structure.	Chlorides	212-220	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	182-188
12642503-8	2003	Based on this, we would like to suggest that Foxi1 is an upstream regulator of pendrin and that the phenotype seen in Foxi1 null mice is, at least in part, due to defective pendrin-mediated chloride ion resorption in the endolymphatic duct/sac epithelium.	Chlorides	190-198	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	173-180
12691588-7	2003	Intracellular chloride was clearly detectable by (35)Cl NMR spectroscopy in human skin fibroblast cells suspended in medium containing 40 mM Co(II)/gly SR. We determined that, although Co(2+)((aq)) provides a larger shift than Co(II)/gly at the same rho value, there are significant advantages for using Co(II)/gly, such as pH stability, ionic strength independent chemical shifts, narrow (35)Cl(-) NMR resonances, and reduced cellular toxicity, as a SR in biological systems.	Chlorides	14-22	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	141-147
12691588-7	2003	Intracellular chloride was clearly detectable by (35)Cl NMR spectroscopy in human skin fibroblast cells suspended in medium containing 40 mM Co(II)/gly SR. We determined that, although Co(2+)((aq)) provides a larger shift than Co(II)/gly at the same rho value, there are significant advantages for using Co(II)/gly, such as pH stability, ionic strength independent chemical shifts, narrow (35)Cl(-) NMR resonances, and reduced cellular toxicity, as a SR in biological systems.	Chlorides	14-22	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	227-233
12691588-7	2003	Intracellular chloride was clearly detectable by (35)Cl NMR spectroscopy in human skin fibroblast cells suspended in medium containing 40 mM Co(II)/gly SR. We determined that, although Co(2+)((aq)) provides a larger shift than Co(II)/gly at the same rho value, there are significant advantages for using Co(II)/gly, such as pH stability, ionic strength independent chemical shifts, narrow (35)Cl(-) NMR resonances, and reduced cellular toxicity, as a SR in biological systems.	Chlorides	14-22	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	227-233
12626678-4	2003	The wild-type GABA receptor was chloride selective, with a small but significant permeability to potassium (PNa+ : PK+ : PCl- = 0 : 0.03 :1).	Chlorides	32-40	GABA type A receptor-associated protein	Homo sapiens	14-27
12691656-1	2003	ClC chloride channels orchestrate the movement of chloride necessary for proper neuronal, muscular, cardiovascular, and epithelial function.	Chlorides	4-12	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	0-3
12556450-8	2003	Specifically, our results indicate that the cysteine introduced at residue 483 is only available for interaction with MTSEA when chloride is bound to NKCC1 at the extracellular surface.	Chlorides	129-137	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	150-155
12707753-0	2003	EC STM investigations of corrosion due to chloride solutions on thin CrN coatings.	Chlorides	42-50	sulfotransferase family 1A member 3	Homo sapiens	3-6
12655167-0	2003	TNF-alpha rapidly antagonizes the beta-adrenergic responses of the chloride current in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes.	Chlorides	67-75	tumor necrosis factor	Cavia porcellus	0-9
12655167-1	2003	The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) rapidly antagonizes the beta-adrenergic responses of the chloride current and to clarify the intracellular mechanisms responsible for the anti-adrenergic action.	Chlorides	155-163	tumor necrosis factor	Cavia porcellus	58-85
12655167-1	2003	The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) rapidly antagonizes the beta-adrenergic responses of the chloride current and to clarify the intracellular mechanisms responsible for the anti-adrenergic action.	Chlorides	155-163	tumor necrosis factor	Cavia porcellus	87-96
12655167-2	2003	The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to monitor the anti-adrenergic effects of TNF-alpha on the cAMP-dependent chloride current (I(Cl)) recorded from isolated guinea-pig ventricular myocytes.	Chlorides	120-128	tumor necrosis factor	Cavia porcellus	88-97
12680842-6	2003	Myeloperoxidase catalyses the oxidation of chloride by hydrogen peroxide, yielding hypochlorite, an extremely potent oxidant.	Chlorides	43-51	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	0-15
12686486-4	2003	LD of the chloride salt complexes produced loss of a single bpy ligand, chloride attachment, and losses of H. Spectra of [Ru(bpy(3)]X(2) where X = BF(4)(-), CF(3)SO(3)(-), and SCN(-) were also collected using LD and compared with the spectra for Cl(2) and PF(6) salts.	Chlorides	10-23	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	256-261
12686486-4	2003	LD of the chloride salt complexes produced loss of a single bpy ligand, chloride attachment, and losses of H. Spectra of [Ru(bpy(3)]X(2) where X = BF(4)(-), CF(3)SO(3)(-), and SCN(-) were also collected using LD and compared with the spectra for Cl(2) and PF(6) salts.	Chlorides	10-18	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	256-261
12612585-8	2003	M200fsX231 and del74-117 cause a loss of function of ClC-2 channels and are expected to lower the transmembrane chloride gradient essential for GABAergic inhibition.	Chlorides	112-120	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	53-58
12644577-0	2003	Loss of nucleotide regulation of epithelial chloride transport in the jejunum of P2Y4-null mice.	Chlorides	44-52	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 4	Mus musculus	81-85
12644577-7	2003	We show here that the UTP- and ATP-induced chloride secretory responses observed in wild-type mice are abolished in P2Y(4)-null mice.	Chlorides	43-51	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 4	Mus musculus	116-122
12668661-1	2003	Chloride concentration ([Cl-]) was measured in defined organellar compartments using fluorescently labeled transferrin, alpha2-macroglobulin, and cholera toxin B-subunit conjugated with Cl--sensitive and -insensitive dyes.	Chlorides	0-8	transferrin	Mus musculus	107-118
12668661-1	2003	Chloride concentration ([Cl-]) was measured in defined organellar compartments using fluorescently labeled transferrin, alpha2-macroglobulin, and cholera toxin B-subunit conjugated with Cl--sensitive and -insensitive dyes.	Chlorides	0-8	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Mus musculus	120-140
12603123-2	2003	Chloride abstraction by aluminum trichloride leads to the first terminal phosphinidene complex of cobalt, [Co(CO)3(PPh3)(PNiPr2)][AlCl4].	Chlorides	0-8	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	115-119
12605575-0	2003	The isolated C-terminus of polycystin-1 promotes increased ATP-stimulated chloride secretion in a collecting duct cell line.	Chlorides	74-82	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting	Homo sapiens	27-39
12605575-3	2003	Therefore the link between polycystin-1 and ATP-stimulated chloride secretion was investigated in the M1 cortical collecting duct cell line.	Chlorides	59-67	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting	Homo sapiens	27-39
12614844-1	2003	The formation of lysophosphatidylcholines and chlorohydrins from unsaturated phosphatidylcholines upon the treatment with the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system was evaluated by means of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry.	Chlorides	160-168	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	126-141
12606047-1	2003	In the presence of a H(2)O(2)-generating system, myeloperoxidase (MPO) caused conjugated diene formation in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), indicating lipid peroxidation which was dependent on nitrite but not on chloride.	Chlorides	211-219	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	49-64
12606047-1	2003	In the presence of a H(2)O(2)-generating system, myeloperoxidase (MPO) caused conjugated diene formation in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), indicating lipid peroxidation which was dependent on nitrite but not on chloride.	Chlorides	211-219	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	66-69
12578372-0	2003	The carboxyl side chain of glutamate 681 interacts with a chloride binding modifier site that allosterically modulates the dimeric conformational state of band 3 (AE1).	Chlorides	58-66	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	163-166
12578372-2	2003	Glutamate 681 is thought to be located within the transport channel of band 3 (AE1, the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger), where it acts as a proton donor for the anion/proton cotransport function.	Chlorides	88-96	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	79-82
12443858-7	2003	The dependence of the P(50) on chloride ions for the conjugate was slightly diminished, presumably due to covalent attachment of BSA to bovine Hb.	Chlorides	31-39	albumin	Bos taurus	129-132
12421748-7	2003	cAMP-dependent chloride secretion induced by isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, was significantly increased by taurochenodeoxycholate and by tauroursodeoxycholate.	Chlorides	15-23	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	0-4
12388102-0	2003	p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibits calcium-dependent chloride secretion in T84 colonic epithelial cells.	Chlorides	64-72	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	0-3
12565808-1	2003	Best macular dystrophy (BMD) is an autosomal dominant retinopathy caused by mutations in the VMD2 gene that encodes a chloride channel in the basolateral membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).	Chlorides	118-126	bestrophin 1	Homo sapiens	93-97
12533525-8	2003	These results suggest that pendrin may play a role in thyroid hormone production as the apical porter of chloride/iodide and investigation of pendrin leads to a better understanding of functional aspects of the iodine transportation system in thyroid diseases.	Chlorides	105-113	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	27-34
12539048-1	2003	Autosomal dominant distal renal tubular acidosis (ddRTA) is caused by mutations in SLC4A1, which encodes the polytopic chloride-bicarbonate exchanger AE1 that is normally expressed at the basolateral surface of alpha-intercalated cells in the distal nephron.	Chlorides	119-127	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	83-89
12539048-1	2003	Autosomal dominant distal renal tubular acidosis (ddRTA) is caused by mutations in SLC4A1, which encodes the polytopic chloride-bicarbonate exchanger AE1 that is normally expressed at the basolateral surface of alpha-intercalated cells in the distal nephron.	Chlorides	119-127	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	150-153
12505162-4	2003	Interestingly, experimental data only showed minor differences in the coordinative behavior of both MTs, but provided a characteristic spectroscopic fingerprint, revealing the possible binding of chloride anions in certain metal-MTO aggregates.	Chlorides	196-204	Metallothionein B	Drosophila melanogaster	229-232
12537501-0	2003	Gas-phase SN2 and bromine abstraction reactions of chloride ion with bromomethane: reaction cross sections and energy disposal into products.	Chlorides	51-59	solute carrier family 38 member 5	Homo sapiens	10-13
12693212-13	2003	Additionally, the chloride ligands of the monometallic complexes of "in"-[Ru(trpy)(dpo)Cl](PF6) (1d), "in"-[Ru(trpy)(4,4"-Me2dpo)Cl](PF6)] (1e), and "out"-[Ru(trpy)(dpo)Cl](PF6) (2d) were substituted with water to form their respective aqua complexes, 4d, 4e, and 5d.	Chlorides	18-26	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	91-94
12693212-13	2003	Additionally, the chloride ligands of the monometallic complexes of "in"-[Ru(trpy)(dpo)Cl](PF6) (1d), "in"-[Ru(trpy)(4,4"-Me2dpo)Cl](PF6)] (1e), and "out"-[Ru(trpy)(dpo)Cl](PF6) (2d) were substituted with water to form their respective aqua complexes, 4d, 4e, and 5d.	Chlorides	18-26	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	133-136
12693212-13	2003	Additionally, the chloride ligands of the monometallic complexes of "in"-[Ru(trpy)(dpo)Cl](PF6) (1d), "in"-[Ru(trpy)(4,4"-Me2dpo)Cl](PF6)] (1e), and "out"-[Ru(trpy)(dpo)Cl](PF6) (2d) were substituted with water to form their respective aqua complexes, 4d, 4e, and 5d.	Chlorides	18-26	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	133-136
12475763-9	2003	These findings are consistent with a potential role for ClC-3 in transepithelial chloride transport by principal cells and for ClC-5 in the acidification of H(+)-ATPase-containing vesicles in narrow and clear cells.	Chlorides	81-89	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	56-61
14719993-12	2003	An alternative strategy is to compensate for the defective chloride transport by CFTR by stimulation of other chloride channels.	Chlorides	59-67	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	81-85
14719993-19	2003	The difficulties in finding a pharmacologic treatment for CF may be due to the fact that CFTR has additional functions besides chloride transport, and interfering with CFTR biosynthesis or activation implies interference with central cellular processes, which may have undesirable adverse effects.	Chlorides	127-135	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	89-93
12538343-2	2003	Recently, we have reported that activation of JNK by cadmium chloride (Cd) contributes to apoptosis in CL3 human lung adenocarcinoma cells.	Chlorides	71-73	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	46-49
12624748-0	2003	Taurine-evoked chloride current and its potentiation by intracellular Ca2+ in immature rat hippocampal CA1 neurons.	Chlorides	15-23	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
12624748-0	2003	Taurine-evoked chloride current and its potentiation by intracellular Ca2+ in immature rat hippocampal CA1 neurons.	Chlorides	15-23	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
12538343-3	2003	Although oxidative stress has been implicated in numerous biochemical effects altered by Cd, its role in Cd-elicited JNK activation has not been established.	Chlorides	105-107	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	117-120
12538343-4	2003	Here we report that catalase is crucial for the activation of JNK by Cd.	Chlorides	69-71	catalase	Mus musculus	20-28
12538343-4	2003	Here we report that catalase is crucial for the activation of JNK by Cd.	Chlorides	69-71	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	62-65
12538343-5	2003	Short-term treatment of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3AT), a specific catalase inhibitor, completely suppressed the Cd-elicited JNK activation, conversely, exogenous addition of catalase increased the intensity and duration of JNK activation in Cd-treated CL3 cells.	Chlorides	111-113	catalase	Mus musculus	65-73
12538343-5	2003	Short-term treatment of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3AT), a specific catalase inhibitor, completely suppressed the Cd-elicited JNK activation, conversely, exogenous addition of catalase increased the intensity and duration of JNK activation in Cd-treated CL3 cells.	Chlorides	111-113	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	123-126
12538343-5	2003	Short-term treatment of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3AT), a specific catalase inhibitor, completely suppressed the Cd-elicited JNK activation, conversely, exogenous addition of catalase increased the intensity and duration of JNK activation in Cd-treated CL3 cells.	Chlorides	111-113	catalase	Mus musculus	173-181
12538343-5	2003	Short-term treatment of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3AT), a specific catalase inhibitor, completely suppressed the Cd-elicited JNK activation, conversely, exogenous addition of catalase increased the intensity and duration of JNK activation in Cd-treated CL3 cells.	Chlorides	111-113	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	222-225
12538343-5	2003	Short-term treatment of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3AT), a specific catalase inhibitor, completely suppressed the Cd-elicited JNK activation, conversely, exogenous addition of catalase increased the intensity and duration of JNK activation in Cd-treated CL3 cells.	Chlorides	240-242	catalase	Mus musculus	173-181
12538343-6	2003	Co-administering high doses of H(2)O(2) (500-1000 micro M) with Cd also markedly decreased JNK activity, although at doses <200 micro M H(2)O(2) enhanced the Cd-elicited JNK activation in CL3 cells.	Chlorides	64-66	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	91-94
12538343-6	2003	Co-administering high doses of H(2)O(2) (500-1000 micro M) with Cd also markedly decreased JNK activity, although at doses <200 micro M H(2)O(2) enhanced the Cd-elicited JNK activation in CL3 cells.	Chlorides	64-66	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	173-176
12649601-1	2003	The serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1 stimulates the Na+ channels ENaC and SCN5A, the K+ channels ROMK1, Kv1.3, and KCNE1/KCNQ1, the cation conductance induced by 4F2/LAT1 and the chloride conductance induced by CFTR.	Chlorides	193-201	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Mus musculus	46-50
12538343-6	2003	Co-administering high doses of H(2)O(2) (500-1000 micro M) with Cd also markedly decreased JNK activity, although at doses <200 micro M H(2)O(2) enhanced the Cd-elicited JNK activation in CL3 cells.	Chlorides	161-163	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	173-176
12538343-7	2003	3AT also blocked JNK activation in Cd-treated normal human fibroblasts and Chinese hamster ovary cells, and in UV-irradiated CL3 cells.	Chlorides	35-37	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	17-20
12538343-10	2003	Furthermore, 3AT decreased but catalase increased the Cd-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis and procaspase-3 degradation in CL3 cells.	Chlorides	54-56	catalase	Mus musculus	31-39
12538343-11	2003	Together, these results indicate that persistent activation of apoptotic JNK signal by Cd requires functional catalase and that short-term depletion of catalase activity may facilitate okadaic acid-sensitive PP to down-regulate the JNK activation and may predispose these cells to carcinogenic transformation upon Cd exposure.	Chlorides	87-89	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	73-76
12538343-11	2003	Together, these results indicate that persistent activation of apoptotic JNK signal by Cd requires functional catalase and that short-term depletion of catalase activity may facilitate okadaic acid-sensitive PP to down-regulate the JNK activation and may predispose these cells to carcinogenic transformation upon Cd exposure.	Chlorides	314-316	catalase	Mus musculus	152-160
12914653-1	2003	SUMMARY: Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) is a monomeric, membrane-bound, zinc- and chloride-dependent peptidyl dipeptidase that catalyzes the conversion of the decapeptide angiotensin I to the octapeptide angiotensin II, by removing a carboxy-terminal dipeptide.	Chlorides	89-97	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	9-40
12914653-1	2003	SUMMARY: Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) is a monomeric, membrane-bound, zinc- and chloride-dependent peptidyl dipeptidase that catalyzes the conversion of the decapeptide angiotensin I to the octapeptide angiotensin II, by removing a carboxy-terminal dipeptide.	Chlorides	89-97	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	42-45
12914653-1	2003	SUMMARY: Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) is a monomeric, membrane-bound, zinc- and chloride-dependent peptidyl dipeptidase that catalyzes the conversion of the decapeptide angiotensin I to the octapeptide angiotensin II, by removing a carboxy-terminal dipeptide.	Chlorides	89-97	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	178-191
12914653-1	2003	SUMMARY: Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) is a monomeric, membrane-bound, zinc- and chloride-dependent peptidyl dipeptidase that catalyzes the conversion of the decapeptide angiotensin I to the octapeptide angiotensin II, by removing a carboxy-terminal dipeptide.	Chlorides	89-97	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	211-225
12763087-6	2003	In the CA1 pyramidal cells, oscillatory depolarizing responses during the afterdischarge were largely dependent on chloride conductance, and their reversal potentials (average -38 mV) were very close to those of exogenously applied GABAergic responses.	Chlorides	115-123	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	7-10
12484782-7	2002	Conversely, a significant contribution to FA binding by ionic interactions is demonstrated by the effect of pH and of chloride ion concentration on the stoichiometry of FA.BLG complexes.	Chlorides	118-126	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	172-175
12473684-5	2002	The present data demonstrate a novel mechanism whereby BDNF/TrkB signaling suppresses chloride-dependent fast GABAergic inhibition, which most likely contributes to the well-known role of TrkB-activated signaling cascades in the induction and establishment of epileptic activity.	Chlorides	86-94	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
12717767-4	2003	The results showed that, in ESI, self-decomposition of RDX plays no role in adduct ion formation; rather, RDX clusters with formate, acetate, hydroxyacetate, and chloride anions present in the mobile phase as impurities at ppm levels.	Chlorides	162-170	radixin	Homo sapiens	106-109
12505315-3	2002	Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), produced by myeloperoxidase-catalysed oxidation of chloride by hydrogen peroxide, is the major strong oxidant generated by these cells.	Chlorides	77-85	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	38-53
12473684-5	2002	The present data demonstrate a novel mechanism whereby BDNF/TrkB signaling suppresses chloride-dependent fast GABAergic inhibition, which most likely contributes to the well-known role of TrkB-activated signaling cascades in the induction and establishment of epileptic activity.	Chlorides	86-94	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	60-64
12473684-5	2002	The present data demonstrate a novel mechanism whereby BDNF/TrkB signaling suppresses chloride-dependent fast GABAergic inhibition, which most likely contributes to the well-known role of TrkB-activated signaling cascades in the induction and establishment of epileptic activity.	Chlorides	86-94	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	188-192
12464365-11	2002	These findings indicate that gossypol induces chloride secretion via a calmodulin-dependent mechanism.	Chlorides	46-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
18968839-10	2002	The method was successfully applied to the determination of chloride in tap, natural and the reference waters.	Chlorides	60-68	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	72-75
12458151-2	2002	The mutant CFTR protein is defective with respect to multiple functions including cAMP-regulated chloride conductance, nucleotide transport, and regulatory actions on other ion channels.	Chlorides	97-105	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	11-15
12388101-2	2002	These peptides elicit chloride and bicarbonate secretion via the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.	Chlorides	22-30	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	65-116
12442266-0	2002	SLC26A3 mutations in congenital chloride diarrhea.	Chlorides	32-40	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-7
12388054-0	2002	Chloride secretion by semicircular canal duct epithelium is stimulated via beta 2-adrenergic receptors.	Chlorides	0-8	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	75-81
12585693-11	2002	CNP also decreased chloride excretion and increased bile pH.	Chlorides	19-27	natriuretic peptide C	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
12237297-2	2002	We showed previously that decreased extracellular salt or chloride up-regulates the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle (cTALH) COX-2 expression via a p38-dependent pathway.	Chlorides	58-66	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	131-136
12456806-4	2002	The consequence of GABA(A)R activation depends on intracellular chloride levels, which are maintained by homeostatic mechanisms.	Chlorides	64-72	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 2	Mus musculus	19-27
12237297-2	2002	We showed previously that decreased extracellular salt or chloride up-regulates the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle (cTALH) COX-2 expression via a p38-dependent pathway.	Chlorides	58-66	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	154-157
12237297-5	2002	Low chloride medium had similar effects as low salt has on COX-2 promoter activity.	Chlorides	4-12	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	59-64
12202486-10	2002	We conclude that CCh-stimulated EGFr transactivation and subsequent ERK activation, a pathway that limits CCh-induced chloride secretion, is mediated by metalloproteinase-dependent extracellular release of TGF-alpha and intracellular Src activation.	Chlorides	118-126	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	32-36
12202486-10	2002	We conclude that CCh-stimulated EGFr transactivation and subsequent ERK activation, a pathway that limits CCh-induced chloride secretion, is mediated by metalloproteinase-dependent extracellular release of TGF-alpha and intracellular Src activation.	Chlorides	118-126	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	68-71
12202486-2	2002	EGFr phosphorylation causes extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation and inhibits CCh-stimulated chloride secretion across intestinal epithelial cells.	Chlorides	111-119	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	0-4
12202486-5	2002	CCh-stimulated efflux of (86)Rb+ from T(84) cell monolayers, which parallels changes in chloride secretion, was potentiated by anti-EGFr pre-incubation.	Chlorides	88-96	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	132-136
12414112-5	2002	To further characterize GABA(A) receptor alterations, GABA-gated chloride influx modulated by the above barbiturate and neurosteroid was determined, finding that E(max) values were increased 60% and 42%, respectively.	Chlorides	65-73	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor gamma3 subunit	Gallus gallus	24-40
12487131-3	2002	This is mirrored in a specific increase (x 2.5) in the binding constant for chloride and in a 12-fold increase in the chloride/nitrate-selectivity.	Chlorides	76-84	frataxin	Homo sapiens	41-46
12487131-3	2002	This is mirrored in a specific increase (x 2.5) in the binding constant for chloride and in a 12-fold increase in the chloride/nitrate-selectivity.	Chlorides	118-126	frataxin	Homo sapiens	41-46
12390967-6	2002	The functional consequences of the novel CLCN1 sequence variants were explored by recording chloride currents from human embryonic kidney cells transiently expressing homo- or heterodimeric mutant channels.	Chlorides	92-100	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	41-46
12372770-3	2002	Pendrin is the protein product of the PDS gene (SLC26A4) and functions in several different anion exchange modes, including chloride/formate exchange.	Chlorides	124-132	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	0-7
12372770-3	2002	Pendrin is the protein product of the PDS gene (SLC26A4) and functions in several different anion exchange modes, including chloride/formate exchange.	Chlorides	124-132	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	38-41
12372770-3	2002	Pendrin is the protein product of the PDS gene (SLC26A4) and functions in several different anion exchange modes, including chloride/formate exchange.	Chlorides	124-132	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	48-55
12372813-1	2002	COOH-terminal cytoplasmic tails of chloride/bicarbonate anion exchangers (AE) bind cytosolic carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) to form a bicarbonate transport metabolon, a membrane protein complex that accelerates transmembrane bicarbonate flux.	Chlorides	35-43	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	93-114
12372813-1	2002	COOH-terminal cytoplasmic tails of chloride/bicarbonate anion exchangers (AE) bind cytosolic carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) to form a bicarbonate transport metabolon, a membrane protein complex that accelerates transmembrane bicarbonate flux.	Chlorides	35-43	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	116-120
12372813-2	2002	To determine whether interaction with CAII affects the downregulated in adenoma (DRA) chloride/bicarbonate exchanger, anion exchange activity of DRA-transfected HEK-293 cells was monitored by following changes in intracellular pH associated with bicarbonate transport.	Chlorides	86-94	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	81-84
12270612-1	2002	Cisplatin (cis-DDP) is subject to nucleophilic displacement of chloride in water, forming aquated species, subsequently liberating hydrogen ion(s) with increasing pH.	Chlorides	63-71	translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A	Homo sapiens	15-18
12403872-1	2002	BACKGROUND: The loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mediated chloride conductance does not fully explain the diverse pathologies evident in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).	Chlorides	92-100	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	24-75
12403872-1	2002	BACKGROUND: The loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mediated chloride conductance does not fully explain the diverse pathologies evident in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).	Chlorides	92-100	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	77-81
12370375-7	2002	IL-4C and IL-13 increased mucosal permeability, decreased glucose absorption, and decreased chloride secretion in response to 5-hydroxytryptamine.	Chlorides	92-100	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	0-5
12370375-7	2002	IL-4C and IL-13 increased mucosal permeability, decreased glucose absorption, and decreased chloride secretion in response to 5-hydroxytryptamine.	Chlorides	92-100	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	10-15
12225956-1	2002	Anion exchange protein 2 (AE2) is a membrane-bound protein that mediates chloride-bicarbonate exchange.	Chlorides	73-81	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-24
12225956-1	2002	Anion exchange protein 2 (AE2) is a membrane-bound protein that mediates chloride-bicarbonate exchange.	Chlorides	73-81	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	26-29
12399075-4	2002	AE3 is prominently expressed in the brain and performs an electroneutral exchange of chloride and bicarbonate.	Chlorides	85-93	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
12374774-7	2002	Our data show that PAR-1-induced chloride secretion in SCBN cells involves Src, EGF receptor trans-activation, activation of a MAPK pathway, phosphorylation of cPLA2, COX activity, but not PGF2alpha or PGE2.	Chlorides	33-41	coagulation factor II thrombin receptor	Homo sapiens	19-24
12236761-15	2002	In these reactions, the bidentate ligand replaced the two chloride atoms on the equatorial plane of the distorted octahedron, leaving the starting fac-[M(N)(PXP)](2+) (X = O, N) moieties untouched.	Chlorides	58-66	FA complementation group C	Homo sapiens	147-150
12230479-22	2002	The metabolism of absorbed icodextrin and the resultant rise in plasma levels of small glucose polymers (DP2 to DP4) do not result in hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia, but may result in a small decrease in serum sodium and chloride.	Chlorides	224-232	transcription factor Dp-2	Homo sapiens	105-108
12230479-22	2002	The metabolism of absorbed icodextrin and the resultant rise in plasma levels of small glucose polymers (DP2 to DP4) do not result in hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia, but may result in a small decrease in serum sodium and chloride.	Chlorides	224-232	transcription factor Dp family member 3	Homo sapiens	112-115
12351689-2	2002	ZR-75 breast cancer cells were grown under conditions of normoxia (21% O(2)) or hypoxia (1% O(2) or cobaltous chloride), and hypoxia significantly increased hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha protein within 3 h after treatment, whereas ERalpha protein levels were dramatically decreased within 6-12 h, and this response was blocked by the proteasome inhibitor MG-132.	Chlorides	110-118	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	157-188
12361471-10	2002	These results indicate that PAF influences the movement of chloride ions across the tubal epithelial cell and is a candidate molecule for initial embryo-maternal dialogue.	Chlorides	59-67	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	28-31
12374774-0	2002	Activation of proteinase-activated receptor 1 stimulates epithelial chloride secretion through a unique MAP kinase- and cyclo-oxygenase-dependent pathway.	Chlorides	68-76	coagulation factor II thrombin receptor	Homo sapiens	14-45
12374774-1	2002	Proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) is activated by thrombin and induces chloride secretion by intestinal epithelial cells.	Chlorides	77-85	coagulation factor II thrombin receptor	Homo sapiens	0-31
12374774-1	2002	Proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) is activated by thrombin and induces chloride secretion by intestinal epithelial cells.	Chlorides	77-85	coagulation factor II thrombin receptor	Homo sapiens	33-38
12374774-5	2002	The PAR-1-induced chloride secretory response was significantly attenuated by inhibitors of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase, Src-kinase, MEK1/2, as well as by inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase (cPL) A2, COX-1 and COX-2.	Chlorides	18-26	coagulation factor II thrombin receptor	Homo sapiens	4-9
12374774-5	2002	The PAR-1-induced chloride secretory response was significantly attenuated by inhibitors of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase, Src-kinase, MEK1/2, as well as by inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase (cPL) A2, COX-1 and COX-2.	Chlorides	18-26	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	126-129
12374774-5	2002	The PAR-1-induced chloride secretory response was significantly attenuated by inhibitors of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase, Src-kinase, MEK1/2, as well as by inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase (cPL) A2, COX-1 and COX-2.	Chlorides	18-26	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	138-144
12374774-5	2002	The PAR-1-induced chloride secretory response was significantly attenuated by inhibitors of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase, Src-kinase, MEK1/2, as well as by inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase (cPL) A2, COX-1 and COX-2.	Chlorides	18-26	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I	Homo sapiens	208-213
12374774-5	2002	The PAR-1-induced chloride secretory response was significantly attenuated by inhibitors of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase, Src-kinase, MEK1/2, as well as by inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase (cPL) A2, COX-1 and COX-2.	Chlorides	18-26	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	218-223
12206808-4	2002	We have demonstrated that the macroscopic conductance to chloride ion, an index of degeneration-regeneration events occurring in mdx mouse muscles, is specifically impaired by a chronic exercise protocol and is sensitive to the action of in vivo administered drugs acting either by stimulating regeneration (insulin-like growth factor-1 and steroids) or by counteracting calcium-induced degeneration or inflammation (Taurine and steroids).	Chlorides	57-65	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	308-336
12383234-12	2002	Thus, the present findings provide the morphological basis for inhibitory inputs to NK1R-ir neurons in the preBotC, consistent with the suggestion that chloride-mediated synaptic inhibition may contribute importantly to rhythm generation by controlling the membrane potential trajectory and resetting rhythmic bursting of the kernel neurons in the adult.	Chlorides	152-160	tachykinin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
12184997-13	2002	In conclusion, we have cloned the first COX in an elasmobranch species (sCOX) and shown that sCOX inhibition suppresses VIP-stimulated chloride secretion in the perfused SRG.	Chlorides	135-143	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	120-123
12209004-7	2002	CFTR-mediated chloride currents are inhibited by introducing excess SNAP-23 into HT29-Cl.19A epithelial cells.	Chlorides	14-22	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
12209004-7	2002	CFTR-mediated chloride currents are inhibited by introducing excess SNAP-23 into HT29-Cl.19A epithelial cells.	Chlorides	14-22	synaptosome associated protein 23	Homo sapiens	68-75
12217689-0	2002	The RUNX1 Runt domain at 1.25A resolution: a structural switch and specifically bound chloride ions modulate DNA binding.	Chlorides	86-94	RUNX family transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
12217689-7	2002	The closed to open transition can be induced by CBFbeta alone; suggesting that one role of CBFbeta is to trigger the S-switch and to stabilize the Runt domain in a conformation enhanced for DNA binding.A feature of the Runt domain hitherto unobserved in any Ig-like DNA-binding domain is the presence of two specifically bound chloride ions.	Chlorides	327-335	core-binding factor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	48-55
12217689-7	2002	The closed to open transition can be induced by CBFbeta alone; suggesting that one role of CBFbeta is to trigger the S-switch and to stabilize the Runt domain in a conformation enhanced for DNA binding.A feature of the Runt domain hitherto unobserved in any Ig-like DNA-binding domain is the presence of two specifically bound chloride ions.	Chlorides	327-335	core-binding factor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	91-98
12169581-2	2002	Here we tested the hypothesis that bradykinin, an inflammatory mediator and chloride secretagogue, would increase IL-8 generation in airway epithelial cells through autocrine generation of endogenous prostanoids.	Chlorides	76-84	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	35-45
12169581-2	2002	Here we tested the hypothesis that bradykinin, an inflammatory mediator and chloride secretagogue, would increase IL-8 generation in airway epithelial cells through autocrine generation of endogenous prostanoids.	Chlorides	76-84	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	114-118
12197880-0	2002	The Th2-response in mercuric chloride-induced autoimmunity requires continuing costimulation via CD28.	Chlorides	29-37	Cd28 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	97-101
12191970-4	2002	This article describes a patient with ADH due to a gain-of-function mutation in the CaSR, L125P, associated with a Bartter-like syndrome that is characterized by a decrease in distal tubular fractional chloride reabsorption rate and negative NaCl balance with secondary hyperaldosteronism and hypokalemia.	Chlorides	202-210	calcium sensing receptor	Homo sapiens	84-88
12196568-1	2002	Mutations in the muscle chloride channel gene CLCN1 cause myotonia congenita, an inherited disorder of skeletal muscle excitability leading to a delayed relaxation after muscle contraction.	Chlorides	24-32	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	46-51
12469953-8	2002	The photodecoloration of RR2 was found to co-occur with photodechlorination and was followed by photodesulfonation at a later stage in which the mineralized end products, including hydrogen, chloride, and sulphorate ions, were detected in approximately stoichiometric amounts.	Chlorides	191-199	ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2	Homo sapiens	25-28
12683421-8	2002	Decreased extracellular chloride increases COX-2 expression in cultured cTALH, an effect mediated by increased p38 MAP kinase activity and, in vivo, a sodium-deficient diet increases expression of activated p38 in MD/cTALH.	Chlorides	24-32	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	43-48
12683421-8	2002	Decreased extracellular chloride increases COX-2 expression in cultured cTALH, an effect mediated by increased p38 MAP kinase activity and, in vivo, a sodium-deficient diet increases expression of activated p38 in MD/cTALH.	Chlorides	24-32	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	207-210
12060654-0	2002	Human neutrophils use the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system to chlorinate but not nitrate bacterial proteins during phagocytosis.	Chlorides	60-68	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	26-41
12070141-1	2002	Hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite (HOCl/OCl(-)), a potent oxidant generated in vivo by the myeloperoxidase-H(2)O(2)-chloride system of activated phagocytes, alters the physiological properties of high density lipoprotein (HDL) by generating a proatherogenic lipoprotein particle.	Chlorides	113-121	myeloperoxidase	Cricetulus griseus	88-103
12060654-9	2002	Our observations support the view that the phagolysosome of human neutrophils uses the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system to chlorinate bacterial proteins.	Chlorides	121-129	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	87-102
12145806-6	2002	Evaluation of the alternate chloride secretory pathway indicated chloride uptake by a basolateral membrane anion exchange process with characteristics consistent with the anion exchanger isoform AE2.	Chlorides	65-73	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	195-198
12039948-9	2002	In Xenopus oocytes expressing CFTR, Csp overexpression decreased the chloride current and membrane capacitance increases evoked by cAMP stimulation and decreased the levels of CFTR protein detected by immunoblot.	Chlorides	69-77	DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member C5 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	36-39
12151304-8	2002	Furthermore, an adenovirus encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene (AdCFTR) formulated in TS was more efficient in correcting the chloride transport defect in cystic fibrosis airway epithelia than AdCFTR formulated in PBS.	Chlorides	155-163	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	40-79
12151304-8	2002	Furthermore, an adenovirus encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene (AdCFTR) formulated in TS was more efficient in correcting the chloride transport defect in cystic fibrosis airway epithelia than AdCFTR formulated in PBS.	Chlorides	155-163	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	81-85
12145806-7	2002	CONCLUSIONS: Chloride uptake by basolateral anion exchanger activity (AE2) supports intracellular cAMP-stimulated chloride secretion in the NKCC1-null duodenum.	Chlorides	13-21	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	70-73
12145806-7	2002	CONCLUSIONS: Chloride uptake by basolateral anion exchanger activity (AE2) supports intracellular cAMP-stimulated chloride secretion in the NKCC1-null duodenum.	Chlorides	13-21	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	140-145
12145806-7	2002	CONCLUSIONS: Chloride uptake by basolateral anion exchanger activity (AE2) supports intracellular cAMP-stimulated chloride secretion in the NKCC1-null duodenum.	Chlorides	114-122	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	70-73
12145806-7	2002	CONCLUSIONS: Chloride uptake by basolateral anion exchanger activity (AE2) supports intracellular cAMP-stimulated chloride secretion in the NKCC1-null duodenum.	Chlorides	114-122	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	140-145
12145806-8	2002	A model for the alternate chloride secretion pathway is proposed whereby chloride uptake via AE2 is coupled to basolateral NaHCO(3) cotransport to support CFTR-mediated chloride and bicarbonate secretion.	Chlorides	26-34	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	93-96
12145806-8	2002	A model for the alternate chloride secretion pathway is proposed whereby chloride uptake via AE2 is coupled to basolateral NaHCO(3) cotransport to support CFTR-mediated chloride and bicarbonate secretion.	Chlorides	26-34	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	155-159
12145806-8	2002	A model for the alternate chloride secretion pathway is proposed whereby chloride uptake via AE2 is coupled to basolateral NaHCO(3) cotransport to support CFTR-mediated chloride and bicarbonate secretion.	Chlorides	73-81	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	93-96
12145806-8	2002	A model for the alternate chloride secretion pathway is proposed whereby chloride uptake via AE2 is coupled to basolateral NaHCO(3) cotransport to support CFTR-mediated chloride and bicarbonate secretion.	Chlorides	73-81	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	155-159
12145806-8	2002	A model for the alternate chloride secretion pathway is proposed whereby chloride uptake via AE2 is coupled to basolateral NaHCO(3) cotransport to support CFTR-mediated chloride and bicarbonate secretion.	Chlorides	73-81	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	93-96
12145806-8	2002	A model for the alternate chloride secretion pathway is proposed whereby chloride uptake via AE2 is coupled to basolateral NaHCO(3) cotransport to support CFTR-mediated chloride and bicarbonate secretion.	Chlorides	73-81	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	155-159
12105895-3	2002	The rate of this reaction is strongly inhibited by added TEMPO and increases with increasing CCl4 concentration, indicating that the coupling of TEMPO to Cp2TiCl is faster than chloride atom abstraction from CCl4.	Chlorides	177-185	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Homo sapiens	93-97
12181609-0	2002	Genistein modifies the activation kinetics and magnitude of phosphorylated wild-type and G551D-CFTR chloride currents.	Chlorides	100-108	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cricetulus griseus	95-99
12149490-0	2002	Platelet-activating factor regulates chloride transport in colonic epithelial cell monolayers.	Chlorides	37-45	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	0-26
12105895-3	2002	The rate of this reaction is strongly inhibited by added TEMPO and increases with increasing CCl4 concentration, indicating that the coupling of TEMPO to Cp2TiCl is faster than chloride atom abstraction from CCl4.	Chlorides	177-185	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	154-157
12105895-3	2002	The rate of this reaction is strongly inhibited by added TEMPO and increases with increasing CCl4 concentration, indicating that the coupling of TEMPO to Cp2TiCl is faster than chloride atom abstraction from CCl4.	Chlorides	177-185	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Homo sapiens	208-212
11994299-2	2002	Cytosolic carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) and the cytoplasmic C-terminal tails of chloride/bicarbonate anion exchange (AE) proteins associate to form a bicarbonate transport metabolon, which maximizes the bicarbonate transport rate.	Chlorides	79-87	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	33-37
12087557-1	2002	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1 or band 3), encoded by the AE1 or SLC4A1 gene, regulates chloride-bicarbonate exchange in erythrocytes and alpha-intercalated cells of the distal nephron.	Chlorides	80-88	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-17
12087557-1	2002	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1 or band 3), encoded by the AE1 or SLC4A1 gene, regulates chloride-bicarbonate exchange in erythrocytes and alpha-intercalated cells of the distal nephron.	Chlorides	80-88	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	19-22
12087557-1	2002	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1 or band 3), encoded by the AE1 or SLC4A1 gene, regulates chloride-bicarbonate exchange in erythrocytes and alpha-intercalated cells of the distal nephron.	Chlorides	80-88	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	50-53
12087557-1	2002	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1 or band 3), encoded by the AE1 or SLC4A1 gene, regulates chloride-bicarbonate exchange in erythrocytes and alpha-intercalated cells of the distal nephron.	Chlorides	80-88	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	57-63
12231480-7	2002	IL-1beta reduced the net absorption of water and chloride.	Chlorides	49-57	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
12069419-5	2002	Thiocyanate, SCN-, as eluting anion, can be used to purify oligonucleotides containing a high percentage of phosphorodithioate linkages in lower salt concentrations and provides better separation than chloride as eluting anion.	Chlorides	201-209	sorcin	Homo sapiens	13-16
12107249-2	2002	Although pendrin was shown to transport iodide and chloride using Xenopus laevis oocytes and Sf9 insect cells, there is no report using mammalian cells to study its role in thyroid function.	Chlorides	51-59	solute carrier family 26 member 4 gene 3 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	9-16
12136004-5	2002	We screened for mutations that confer sensitivity to the calcineurin inhibitor FK506 and to a high concentration of chloride ion and isolated a mutant, cis2-1/myp2-c2, which contains a novel allele of the myp2(+)/myo3(+) gene that encodes a type 2 myosin heavy chain.	Chlorides	116-124	Myopia, high grade, autosomal dominant 1	Homo sapiens	159-163
12136004-5	2002	We screened for mutations that confer sensitivity to the calcineurin inhibitor FK506 and to a high concentration of chloride ion and isolated a mutant, cis2-1/myp2-c2, which contains a novel allele of the myp2(+)/myo3(+) gene that encodes a type 2 myosin heavy chain.	Chlorides	116-124	Myopia, high grade, autosomal dominant 1	Homo sapiens	205-209
12136004-7	2002	Consistently, myp2-null cells were hypersensitive to chloride ion and showed the multiseptated phenotype in the presence of immunosuppressants or at high chloride concentrations.	Chlorides	53-61	Myopia, high grade, autosomal dominant 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
12136004-7	2002	Consistently, myp2-null cells were hypersensitive to chloride ion and showed the multiseptated phenotype in the presence of immunosuppressants or at high chloride concentrations.	Chlorides	154-162	Myopia, high grade, autosomal dominant 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
12089367-7	2002	HIF-1alpha was mainly induced in tubular cells, including proximal segments with exposure to anemia/carbon monoxide, in distal segments with cobaltous chloride treatment, and in connecting tubules and collecting ducts with all stimuli.	Chlorides	151-159	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
11956211-1	2002	Protein kinase C (PKC) regulation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) chloride function has been demonstrated in several cell lines, including Calu-3 cells that express native, wild-type CFTR.	Chlorides	84-92	protein kinase C epsilon	Homo sapiens	18-21
12081559-2	2002	Both can originate in mutations of the anion-exchanger 1 gene (AE1), which codes for band 3, the bicarbonate/chloride exchanger in both the red cell membrane and the basolateral membrane of the collecting tubule alpha-intercalated cell.	Chlorides	109-117	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	39-56
12081559-2	2002	Both can originate in mutations of the anion-exchanger 1 gene (AE1), which codes for band 3, the bicarbonate/chloride exchanger in both the red cell membrane and the basolateral membrane of the collecting tubule alpha-intercalated cell.	Chlorides	109-117	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	63-66
12161463-1	2002	Cystic fibrosis (CF), a chloride ion transport disorder, is caused by mutations of the cftr gene and is the most common autosomal-recessive heritable disease in Caucasians.	Chlorides	24-32	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	87-91
11956211-1	2002	Protein kinase C (PKC) regulation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) chloride function has been demonstrated in several cell lines, including Calu-3 cells that express native, wild-type CFTR.	Chlorides	84-92	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	78-82
12033854-1	2002	The basis for unprecedented noncovalent bonding between anions and the aryl centroid of electron-deficient aromatic rings has been demonstrated by an ab initio study of the interaction between 1,3,5-triazine and the fluoride, chloride, and azide ion at the MP2 level of theory.	Chlorides	226-234	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	257-260
11976342-4	2002	The resulting homozygous Clcn2(-/-) mice lacked detectable hyperpolarization-activated chloride currents in parotid acinar cells and, as described previously, displayed postnatal degeneration of the retina and testis.	Chlorides	87-95	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	25-30
12075464-0	2002	[Effect of extracellular chloride concentration on deactivation kinetics of rat ClC-1 chloride channel].	Chlorides	25-33	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-85
12075464-4	2002	These results demonstrate that the deactivation kinetic parameters of ClC-1 are largely dependent on the extracellular chloride concentration, which induces changes in channel gating.	Chlorides	119-127	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-75
12111250-2	2002	Mutations have been identified in the NKCC2 (Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-)) cotransporter and ROMK potassium channel, which cooperate in the process of apical sodium chloride uptake, and ClC-Kb chloride channels, which mediate basolateral chloride release.	Chlorides	154-162	solute carrier family 12 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-43
12074349-1	2002	BACKGROUND: We postulated that increasing intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl-]i) in human platelets would potentiate alpha2 adrenergic receptor (A2AR)-mediated platelet aggregation, and that vascular reactivity would also be increased by raising [Cl-]i in blood vessels.	Chlorides	56-64	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	124-150
12074349-1	2002	BACKGROUND: We postulated that increasing intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl-]i) in human platelets would potentiate alpha2 adrenergic receptor (A2AR)-mediated platelet aggregation, and that vascular reactivity would also be increased by raising [Cl-]i in blood vessels.	Chlorides	56-64	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	152-156
12074349-2	2002	We further hypothesized that ligands binding to the A2AR would increase [Cl-]i by stimulating carbonic anhydrase-dependent chloride/bicarbonate exchange.	Chlorides	123-131	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	52-56
12042343-1	2002	The effects of sodium and chloride on the properties of the sodium-dependent component of the "pre-steady-state" currents of rGAT1, a GABA cotransporter of the Na(+)-Cl(-)-dependent family, were studied using heterologous oocyte expression and voltage clamp.	Chlorides	26-34	solute carrier family 6 member 12	Rattus norvegicus	125-130
14569807-4	2002	In the past, the laboratory test of abnormal CFTR function was based largely on an elevated sweat chloride test result.	Chlorides	98-106	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	45-49
11886791-9	2002	These observations suggest dissociation of chloride as the first and rate-limiting step both in the hydrolysis and by analogy in phosphorylation of BChE by bound at the active site.	Chlorides	43-51	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	148-152
11896056-6	2002	Transient expression of mCLCA4 in 293T cells resulted in the appearance of a prominent calcium-activated chloride current.	Chlorides	105-113	chloride channel accessory 3B	Mus musculus	24-30
11910358-9	2002	Furthermore, basal and stimulated chloride secretory responses to various agonists were enhanced in HT29/cl.19A and Caco-2 cells after infection with enteroinvasive bacteria, and this effect was reversed for some agonists by iNOS or COX-2 inhibitors.	Chlorides	34-42	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	225-229
11933166-4	2002	The enzyme activity was drastically enhanced by the presence of chloride ion, and strongly inhibited by captopril and bradykinin potentiator B.	Chlorides	64-72	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	118-128
11880267-9	2002	The cellular distribution and changes in expression indicate that parchorin plays an important role, possibly in chloride transport, in the cells that create an ion gradient for water movement.	Chlorides	113-121	chloride intracellular channel protein 6	Oryctolagus cuniculus	66-75
11975870-0	2002	[The phospholipase A2 inhibitor, aristolochic acid, inhibits chloride secretion without altering barrier function].	Chlorides	61-69	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	5-21
11910358-9	2002	Furthermore, basal and stimulated chloride secretory responses to various agonists were enhanced in HT29/cl.19A and Caco-2 cells after infection with enteroinvasive bacteria, and this effect was reversed for some agonists by iNOS or COX-2 inhibitors.	Chlorides	34-42	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	233-238
11975870-7	2002	CONCLUSION: PLA2 modulates electrogenic chloride secretion but has no effect on barrier function in the T84 cell line or in rat distal colon.	Chlorides	40-48	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	12-16
11910358-11	2002	CONCLUSIONS: Up-regulation of iNOS and COX-2 by enteroinvasive bacteria can modulate chloride secretion and barrier function in intestinal epithelial cells.	Chlorides	85-93	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	30-34
11910358-11	2002	CONCLUSIONS: Up-regulation of iNOS and COX-2 by enteroinvasive bacteria can modulate chloride secretion and barrier function in intestinal epithelial cells.	Chlorides	85-93	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	39-44
11910309-3	2002	METHODS: NKCC2 functioning was assessed in vitro by measuring bumetanide-sensitive rubidium uptake and cytosolic chloride concentration in isolated medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL) tubules, and in vivo by measuring the salidiuretic action of orally given bumetanide.	Chlorides	113-121	solute carrier family 12 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-14
12027220-1	2002	Recent molecular cloning experiments have identified the existence of four NBC isoforms (NBC1, 2, 3 and 4) and two NBC-related proteins AE4 and NCBE (Anion Exchanger 4 and Sodium-dependent Chloride-Bicarbonate Exchanger).	Chlorides	189-197	solute carrier family 4 member 9	Homo sapiens	136-139
11919333-2	2002	It codes for a transmembrane protein called pendrin, which is highly expressed at the apical surface of the thyroid cell and functions as a transporter of chloride and iodide.	Chlorides	155-163	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	44-51
11910104-1	2002	Rates of SN2 reactions of chloride ion with methyl- and tert-butyl-substituted chloroacetonitrile were measured by using Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance spectrometry to follow the isotopic exchange reaction.	Chlorides	26-34	solute carrier family 38 member 5	Homo sapiens	9-12
11897640-1	2002	The incidence of mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in children with intermediate sweat chloride levels is unknown.	Chlorides	134-142	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	34-85
11897640-1	2002	The incidence of mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in children with intermediate sweat chloride levels is unknown.	Chlorides	134-142	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	87-91
11897640-13	2002	In this study, 23% of children displaying intermediate sweat chloride levels were found to carry a putative mutation on both CFTR genes.	Chlorides	61-69	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	125-129
11945068-2	2002	These complexes effect partial correction of the chloride transport defect as assessed by in vivo nasal potential difference measurements, produce immunohistochemical staining for CFTR, and restore expression of nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS-2), which is downregulated in the epithelium of mice and humans with cystic fibrosis.	Chlorides	49-57	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	212-235
11945068-2	2002	These complexes effect partial correction of the chloride transport defect as assessed by in vivo nasal potential difference measurements, produce immunohistochemical staining for CFTR, and restore expression of nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS-2), which is downregulated in the epithelium of mice and humans with cystic fibrosis.	Chlorides	49-57	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	237-242
11839544-5	2002	In addition, using immunocytochemistry, we find that ClC-5 is predominantly expressed along the luminal surface of the airway epithelium, suggesting that ClC-5 may participate in lung chloride secretion.	Chlorides	184-192	chloride voltage-gated channel 5	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
11839544-5	2002	In addition, using immunocytochemistry, we find that ClC-5 is predominantly expressed along the luminal surface of the airway epithelium, suggesting that ClC-5 may participate in lung chloride secretion.	Chlorides	184-192	chloride voltage-gated channel 5	Rattus norvegicus	154-159
11814364-9	2002	(35)Cl NMR spectroscopy has further identified chloride as an additional biological MT ligand, which can interfere with the interaction of ATP with MT.	Chlorides	47-55	metallothionein 2A	Homo sapiens	84-86
11930232-0	2002	The role of MDR1 gene in volume-activated chloride currents in pigmented ciliary epithelial cells.	Chlorides	42-50	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: multidrug resistance protein 1	Bos taurus	12-16
11930232-1	2002	The role of multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene in the activation of volume-activated chloride currents in bovine pigmented ciliary epithelial (PCE) cells was investigated by the patch-clamp technique, the antisense approach, the immunofluorescent technique and the confocal microscopy.	Chlorides	83-91	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: multidrug resistance protein 1	Bos taurus	34-38
11930232-3	2002	An MDR1 antisense oligonucleotide suppressed MDR1 expression (93% reduction of P-gp immunofluorescence), delayed the activation of a volume-activated chloride current (latency prolonged by 109%), reduced the activation rate by 62% and decreased the peak value of the current by 56%.	Chlorides	150-158	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: multidrug resistance protein 1	Bos taurus	3-7
11930232-5	2002	The data indicate that the volume-activated chloride current is associated with the endogenous expression of MDR1 gene in PCE cells.	Chlorides	44-52	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: multidrug resistance protein 1	Bos taurus	109-113
11889572-0	2002	ICln channels reconstituted in heart-lipid bilayer are selective to chloride.	Chlorides	68-76	chloride nucleotide-sensitive channel 1A pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
11889572-6	2002	Using this lipid mixture the reconstituted ICln ion channels are chloride selective in the presence of calcium and an acidic pH.	Chlorides	65-73	chloride nucleotide-sensitive channel 1A pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	43-47
11846422-6	2002	We therefore suggest that ClC-7 in oocytes is a functional chloride current at acidic pH.	Chlorides	59-67	chloride voltage-gated channel 7	Rattus norvegicus	26-31
11814364-9	2002	(35)Cl NMR spectroscopy has further identified chloride as an additional biological MT ligand, which can interfere with the interaction of ATP with MT.	Chlorides	47-55	metallothionein 2A	Homo sapiens	148-150
11792627-5	2002	The IL-13-enhanced response to UTP/ionomycin was sensitive to bumetanide and DIDS and was reduced in a low-chloride, bicarbonate-free solution.	Chlorides	107-115	interleukin 13	Homo sapiens	4-9
11812001-11	2002	However, Mcl-1 expression was reduced by the staurosporine treatment, and this reduction was recovered when the chloride-bicarbonate exchange blocker was added.	Chlorides	112-120	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Canis lupus familiaris	9-14
11934280-4	2002	Since myeloperoxidase is the only human enzyme known to convert chloride ions into the cytotoxic hypochlorous acid, the data presented in this paper bear relevance to the pharmacological effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics, which, while inhibiting bacterial growth, also prevent oxidative cellular damage caused by hypochlorous acid aging as substrates and inhibitors of myeloperoxidase.	Chlorides	64-72	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	6-21
11937868-3	2002	The bone mineral idealized as calcium hydroxyapatite, Ca10 (PO4)(6)(OH)2, is a carbonatehydroxyapatite, approximated by the formula: (Ca,X)(10)(PO4,HPO4,CO3)(6)(OH,Y)2, where X are cations (magnesium, sodium, strontium ions) that can substitute for the calcium ions, and Y are anions (chloride or fluoride ions) that can substitute for the hydroxyl group.	Chlorides	285-293	carbonic anhydrase 10	Homo sapiens	54-58
11707463-6	2002	Overexpression of CAL reduces CFTR chloride currents in mammalian cells and decreases expression, rate of insertion and half-life of CFTR in the plasma membrane.	Chlorides	35-43	golgi associated PDZ and coiled-coil motif containing	Homo sapiens	18-21
11707463-6	2002	Overexpression of CAL reduces CFTR chloride currents in mammalian cells and decreases expression, rate of insertion and half-life of CFTR in the plasma membrane.	Chlorides	35-43	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	30-34
11707463-7	2002	The Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulatory factor, NHE-RF, a subplasma membrane PDZ domain protein, restores cell surface expression of CFTR and chloride currents.	Chlorides	138-146	SLC9A3 regulator 1	Homo sapiens	44-50
11934280-4	2002	Since myeloperoxidase is the only human enzyme known to convert chloride ions into the cytotoxic hypochlorous acid, the data presented in this paper bear relevance to the pharmacological effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics, which, while inhibiting bacterial growth, also prevent oxidative cellular damage caused by hypochlorous acid aging as substrates and inhibitors of myeloperoxidase.	Chlorides	64-72	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	373-388
12080183-0	2002	A novel natural product compound enhances cAMP-regulated chloride conductance of cells expressing CFTR[delta]F508.	Chlorides	57-65	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	98-102
11849395-8	2002	CONCLUSIONS: Given that CLC-K2 expressed in the thick ascending limb of Henle"s loop is responsible for net chloride reabsorption in this part of the nephron, our findings suggest that in states of surplus salt and in states of severe salt deprivation, selective regulation of CLC-K2 mRNA plays a role in the adaptation of the kidney to different salt loads.	Chlorides	108-116	chloride voltage-gated channel Kb	Rattus norvegicus	24-30
11772019-0	2002	Probing the role of the chloride ion in the mechanism of human pancreatic alpha-amylase.	Chlorides	24-32	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	63-87
11809721-9	2002	These results support a role for CFTR in differentiation of the respiratory epithelium and suggest that its expression levels are not merely reflecting major changes in the sodium/chloride bulk flow close to term.	Chlorides	180-188	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	33-37
11733566-1	2001	To investigate the impact of chloride (Cl(-)) permeability, mediated by residual activity of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) or by other Cl(-) channels, on the manifestations of cystic fibrosis (CF), we determined Cl(-) transport properties of the respiratory and intestinal tracts in Delta F508 homozygous twins and siblings.	Chlorides	29-37	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	150-154
11675385-0	2002	The chloride channel ClC-4 co-localizes with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and may mediate chloride flux across the apical membrane of intestinal epithelia.	Chlorides	4-12	chloride voltage-gated channel 4	Homo sapiens	21-26
11675385-0	2002	The chloride channel ClC-4 co-localizes with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and may mediate chloride flux across the apical membrane of intestinal epithelia.	Chlorides	4-12	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	45-96
11675385-7	2002	Furthermore, we show that ClC-4 functions as a chloride channel on the surface of these epithelial cells as antisense ClC-4 cDNA expression reduced the amplitude of endogenous chloride currents by 50%.	Chlorides	47-55	chloride voltage-gated channel 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
11675385-7	2002	Furthermore, we show that ClC-4 functions as a chloride channel on the surface of these epithelial cells as antisense ClC-4 cDNA expression reduced the amplitude of endogenous chloride currents by 50%.	Chlorides	47-55	chloride voltage-gated channel 4	Homo sapiens	118-123
11675385-8	2002	These studies provide the first evidence that ClC-4 is endogenously expressed and may be functional in the brush border membrane of enterocytes and hence should be considered as a candidate channel to provide an alternative pathway for chloride secretion in the gastrointestinal tract of CF patients.	Chlorides	236-244	chloride voltage-gated channel 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
12545199-13	2002	These data indicate that: 1) high concentrations of chlorides stimulate human PON1 activity toward paraoxon but not other substrates, 2) PON1 is inhibited by Cl(-) in other mammalian species, 3) the potency of human PON1 activation by halogene salts increases with decreasing atomic mass of the halide anion.	Chlorides	52-61	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	137-141
12094531-17	2002	For example, the isotopically depleted aqueous chloride produced by dehydrochlorination of DDT to DDE may be a useful tracer of these reactions in freshwater environments.	Chlorides	47-55	D-dopachrome tautomerase	Homo sapiens	91-94
12134630-2	2002	The CF gene codes for a transmembrane glycoprotein called CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator), a chloride channel which regulates the luminal secretion of chloride and the active ion and water transport in the airway epithelial cells.	Chlorides	120-128	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	58-62
12134630-2	2002	The CF gene codes for a transmembrane glycoprotein called CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator), a chloride channel which regulates the luminal secretion of chloride and the active ion and water transport in the airway epithelial cells.	Chlorides	120-128	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	64-115
12134630-10	2002	Recent data from the literature suggest that the failure of chloride transport, the maturation defect and mistraffricking of mutated CFTR, lead to its accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum and activation of NF-kappa B, responsible for the imbalance in the CF airway cell cytokine production.	Chlorides	60-68	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	133-137
12134630-10	2002	Recent data from the literature suggest that the failure of chloride transport, the maturation defect and mistraffricking of mutated CFTR, lead to its accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum and activation of NF-kappa B, responsible for the imbalance in the CF airway cell cytokine production.	Chlorides	60-68	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	211-221
11773581-12	2002	CONCLUSION: There is an increased occurrence of CFTR mutations in children who have chronic rhinosinusitis and do not meet diagnostic criteria for CF, usually in the setting of a normal sweat chloride.	Chlorides	192-200	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	48-52
11606574-2	2001	The cytoplasmic carboxyl-terminal domain of AE1, the plasma membrane chloride/bicarbonate exchanger of erythrocytes, contains a binding site for carbonic anhydrase II (CAII).	Chlorides	69-77	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	44-47
11606574-2	2001	The cytoplasmic carboxyl-terminal domain of AE1, the plasma membrane chloride/bicarbonate exchanger of erythrocytes, contains a binding site for carbonic anhydrase II (CAII).	Chlorides	69-77	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	145-166
11606574-2	2001	The cytoplasmic carboxyl-terminal domain of AE1, the plasma membrane chloride/bicarbonate exchanger of erythrocytes, contains a binding site for carbonic anhydrase II (CAII).	Chlorides	69-77	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	168-172
11606574-4	2001	AE1-mediated chloride/bicarbonate exchange was reduced 50-60% by inhibition of endogenous carbonic anhydrase with acetazolamide, which indicates that CAII activity is required for full anion transport activity.	Chlorides	13-21	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-3
11606574-4	2001	AE1-mediated chloride/bicarbonate exchange was reduced 50-60% by inhibition of endogenous carbonic anhydrase with acetazolamide, which indicates that CAII activity is required for full anion transport activity.	Chlorides	13-21	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	150-154
11551934-11	2001	Inhibition of PI3-kinase resulted in chloride secretion that was augmented by cross-linking Fas.	Chlorides	37-45	peptidase inhibitor 3	Homo sapiens	14-17
11551934-14	2001	Inhibition of PI3-kinase in the context of Fas signaling results in increased chloride secretion and barrier dysfunction.	Chlorides	78-86	peptidase inhibitor 3	Homo sapiens	14-17
11551934-15	2001	These findings suggest that agonists of PI3-kinase such as growth factors may have a dual effect on intestinal inflammation by protecting epithelial cells against immune-mediated apoptosis and limiting chloride secretory diarrhea.	Chlorides	202-210	peptidase inhibitor 3	Homo sapiens	40-43
11840191-3	2001	Both types are characterised by myotonia (muscle stiffness) and muscular hypertrophy, and are caused by mutations in the muscle chloride channel gene, CLCN1.	Chlorides	128-136	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	151-156
11714703-7	2002	Oocytes injected with in vitro transcribed RNA, encoding either HisCl1 or HisCl2, produced substantial chloride currents in response to histamine but not in response to GABA, glycine, and glutamate.	Chlorides	103-111	Histamine-gated chloride channel subunit 1	Drosophila melanogaster	64-70
11714703-7	2002	Oocytes injected with in vitro transcribed RNA, encoding either HisCl1 or HisCl2, produced substantial chloride currents in response to histamine but not in response to GABA, glycine, and glutamate.	Chlorides	103-111	ora transientless	Drosophila melanogaster	74-80
12545199-0	2002	Species- and substrate-specific stimulation of human plasma paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity by high chloride concentration.	Chlorides	98-106	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	60-73
12545199-0	2002	Species- and substrate-specific stimulation of human plasma paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity by high chloride concentration.	Chlorides	98-106	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	75-79
12545199-13	2002	These data indicate that: 1) high concentrations of chlorides stimulate human PON1 activity toward paraoxon but not other substrates, 2) PON1 is inhibited by Cl(-) in other mammalian species, 3) the potency of human PON1 activation by halogene salts increases with decreasing atomic mass of the halide anion.	Chlorides	52-61	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	78-82
12545199-13	2002	These data indicate that: 1) high concentrations of chlorides stimulate human PON1 activity toward paraoxon but not other substrates, 2) PON1 is inhibited by Cl(-) in other mammalian species, 3) the potency of human PON1 activation by halogene salts increases with decreasing atomic mass of the halide anion.	Chlorides	52-61	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	137-141
11826292-6	2002	The metabolic alkalosis of congenital chloride-losing diarrhea is caused by mutations in the DRA Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchanger of the ileocolonic apical membrane.	Chlorides	38-46	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	93-96
11914517-5	2002	Nevertheless, the association of the cloned motor protein "prestin" with an anion transporter superfamily provides clues about the molecular nature of the OHC motor in the basolateral membrane, the utilisation of chloride in hair cells and the long-term stability of small basal turn cochlear hair cells.	Chlorides	213-221	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	59-66
11914518-8	2002	Recently, intracellular anions (chloride or bicarbonate) were found to be essential for OHC electromotility and prestin"s function.	Chlorides	32-40	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	112-119
12503388-4	2002	This culture degraded CCl2CHCl even at a low inoculum concentration and attained a transformation capacity of 14.7 mg CCl2CHCl per g. The increase in chloride concentration after degradation was quantitative when compared with the decrease in organically bound chlorine.	Chlorides	150-158	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	22-26
12503388-4	2002	This culture degraded CCl2CHCl even at a low inoculum concentration and attained a transformation capacity of 14.7 mg CCl2CHCl per g. The increase in chloride concentration after degradation was quantitative when compared with the decrease in organically bound chlorine.	Chlorides	150-158	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	118-122
11735131-5	2001	Colocalization of immunoreactive MPO and HOCl-modified-epitopes in serial sections of rabbit lesions provides convincing evidence for MPO-H2O2-chloride system-mediated oxidation of (lipo)proteins under in vivo conditions.	Chlorides	143-151	myeloperoxidase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	33-36
11735131-5	2001	Colocalization of immunoreactive MPO and HOCl-modified-epitopes in serial sections of rabbit lesions provides convincing evidence for MPO-H2O2-chloride system-mediated oxidation of (lipo)proteins under in vivo conditions.	Chlorides	143-151	myeloperoxidase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	134-137
11739292-0	2001	Molecular basis for angiotensin II-induced increase of chloride/bicarbonate exchange in the myocardium.	Chlorides	55-63	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	20-34
11600438-0	2001	Cell-based assay for high-throughput quantitative screening of CFTR chloride transport agonists.	Chlorides	68-76	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	63-67
11734858-3	2001	Chloride ions exit from the cell through basolateral ClC-Kb chloride channels.	Chlorides	0-8	chloride voltage-gated channel Kb	Homo sapiens	53-59
11757654-3	2001	Chloride as the anionic ligand X, a small chelating angle (n = 1), and reduced steric demand of the substituents R (Cy versus tBu) lead to the most reactive complex in acyclic olefin metathesis, whereas variation of the carbene moiety CHR" has only a modest influence.	Chlorides	0-8	chromate resistance; sulfate transport	Homo sapiens	235-239
11672441-1	2001	The human erythrocyte anion-exchanger isoform 1 (AE1) is a dimeric membrane protein that exchanges chloride for bicarbonate across the erythrocyte plasma membrane.	Chlorides	99-107	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	49-52
11705694-3	2001	The phagocyte-derived myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system generates hypochlorous acid, which reacts with tyrosine residues of proteins to form 3-chlorotyrosine.	Chlorides	56-64	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	22-37
11597909-7	2001	The responses to low chloride and forskolin demonstrate significantly different pharmacological profiles to both DIDS and Rp-cAMPS, indicating that channels in addition to CFTR contribute to the low chloride response.	Chlorides	21-29	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	172-176
11597909-7	2001	The responses to low chloride and forskolin demonstrate significantly different pharmacological profiles to both DIDS and Rp-cAMPS, indicating that channels in addition to CFTR contribute to the low chloride response.	Chlorides	199-207	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	172-176
11682697-1	2001	Recent studies have demonstrated that mutations in human downregulated in adenoma gene (DRA) result in congenital chloride diarrhea (CLD), and that DRA may be involved in chloride transport across the intestinal apical domains.	Chlorides	114-122	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	88-91
11791891-2	2001	During phagocytosis, MPO catalyzes a peroxidative reaction using chloride ion and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as substrate.	Chlorides	65-77	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	21-24
11677044-8	2001	Mono-chlorohydrins of 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine were detected after the incubation of the latter phospholipid with the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system at pH 6.0.	Chlorides	175-183	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	141-156
11677044-10	2001	Thus, mono-chlorohydrins in 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine produced by hypochlorous acid from the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system can also be detected by means of MALDI-TOF MS.	Chlorides	149-157	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	115-130
11600465-6	2001	RESULTS: IL-2 did not alter baseline electrical parameters but caused a significant increase in cAMP dependent chloride secretion.	Chlorides	111-119	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	9-13
11600465-10	2001	CONCLUSIONS: IL-2 treatment enhances cAMP stimulated chloride secretion and cellular proliferation in a human small intestinal cell line expressing a functional IL-2 receptor.	Chlorides	53-61	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	13-17
11600465-10	2001	CONCLUSIONS: IL-2 treatment enhances cAMP stimulated chloride secretion and cellular proliferation in a human small intestinal cell line expressing a functional IL-2 receptor.	Chlorides	53-61	interleukin 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	161-174
11606621-0	2001	Insulin-like growth factor 1 and a cytosolic tyrosine kinase activate chloride outward transport during maturation of hippocampal neurons.	Chlorides	70-78	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-28
11466303-3	2001	Here we report that a substrate of PP1, the Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC1), bears this motif in its N terminus near sites of regulatory phosphorylation and that direct binding of PP1 to NKCC1 is functionally important in determining the set point for intracellular chloride regulation.	Chlorides	264-272	inorganic pyrophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	35-38
11713645-1	2001	The presence of both CFTR and ClC-2 proteins in the kidney suggest that they are involved in chloride transport along the nephron but their physiological roles in this organ are not known.	Chlorides	93-101	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	21-25
11713645-1	2001	The presence of both CFTR and ClC-2 proteins in the kidney suggest that they are involved in chloride transport along the nephron but their physiological roles in this organ are not known.	Chlorides	93-101	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Rattus norvegicus	30-35
11713645-6	2001	The modulation of both CFTR and ClC-2 mRNA by AVP, the main hormone involved in the regulation of body fluid osmolality, suggests the participation of these two chloride channels in the renal tubule transcellular chloride transport modulated by AVP.	Chlorides	161-169	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	23-27
11713645-6	2001	The modulation of both CFTR and ClC-2 mRNA by AVP, the main hormone involved in the regulation of body fluid osmolality, suggests the participation of these two chloride channels in the renal tubule transcellular chloride transport modulated by AVP.	Chlorides	161-169	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Rattus norvegicus	32-37
11593004-1	2001	The myeloperoxidase system of neutrophils uses hydrogen peroxide and chloride to generate hypochlorous acid, a potent bactericidal oxidant in vitro.	Chlorides	69-77	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	4-19
11593004-8	2001	It seems, therefore, that myeloperoxidase can use bromide as well as chloride to produce oxidants in vivo, even though the extracellular concentration of bromide is at least 1,000-fold lower than that of chloride.	Chlorides	69-77	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	26-41
11593004-8	2001	It seems, therefore, that myeloperoxidase can use bromide as well as chloride to produce oxidants in vivo, even though the extracellular concentration of bromide is at least 1,000-fold lower than that of chloride.	Chlorides	204-212	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	26-41
11817102-1	2001	We investigated the kinetics of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their regulatory factors mRNAs in the kidneys of mercuric chloride-treated Brown Norway rats.	Chlorides	127-135	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-63
11562437-8	2001	XE991 had effects similar to those of 293B on epithelial chloride transport, for which the target is known to be KCNQ1/KCNE3 multimers.	Chlorides	57-65	potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily Q, member 1	Mus musculus	113-118
11562437-8	2001	XE991 had effects similar to those of 293B on epithelial chloride transport, for which the target is known to be KCNQ1/KCNE3 multimers.	Chlorides	57-65	potassium voltage-gated channel, Isk-related subfamily, gene 3	Mus musculus	119-124
11557259-8	2001	Binding exhibited similar pharmacological properties to GCPII enzyme activity, including chloride dependency, cobalt stimulation and inhibition by phosphate and quisqualate.	Chlorides	89-97	folate hydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-61
11913462-5	2001	Recent studies of Cl(-)-stimulated ATPase activity and active chloride transport in the same membrane system, including liposomes, suggest a mediation by the ATPase in net movement of chloride up its electrochemical gradient across plasma membranes.	Chlorides	62-70	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	158-164
11913462-5	2001	Recent studies of Cl(-)-stimulated ATPase activity and active chloride transport in the same membrane system, including liposomes, suggest a mediation by the ATPase in net movement of chloride up its electrochemical gradient across plasma membranes.	Chlorides	184-192	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	35-41
11913462-5	2001	Recent studies of Cl(-)-stimulated ATPase activity and active chloride transport in the same membrane system, including liposomes, suggest a mediation by the ATPase in net movement of chloride up its electrochemical gradient across plasma membranes.	Chlorides	184-192	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	158-164
11677251-1	2001	The serotonin transporter (SERT) is a high-affinity sodium/chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporter responsible for reuptake of serotonin from the extracellular space.	Chlorides	59-67	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	4-25
11677251-1	2001	The serotonin transporter (SERT) is a high-affinity sodium/chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporter responsible for reuptake of serotonin from the extracellular space.	Chlorides	59-67	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
11547116-7	2001	The most interesting finding was significantly elevated sodium and chloride in 1 case 6 weeks after surgery that was associated with tap water treated with a home softening system.	Chlorides	67-75	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	133-136
11768240-2	2001	A remarkable feature in acute renal failure induced by mercuric chloride in rats was large fibronectin (Fn) deposits in kidneys 1 h post-HgCl2 injection (5 mg/kg body wt., s.c.).	Chlorides	64-72	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-102
11768240-2	2001	A remarkable feature in acute renal failure induced by mercuric chloride in rats was large fibronectin (Fn) deposits in kidneys 1 h post-HgCl2 injection (5 mg/kg body wt., s.c.).	Chlorides	64-72	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-106
11432869-5	2001	VGLUT2 has all major functional characteristics of a synaptic vesicle glutamate transporter, including ATP dependence, chloride stimulation, substrate specificity, and substrate affinity.	Chlorides	119-127	solute carrier family 17 member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
11466303-3	2001	Here we report that a substrate of PP1, the Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC1), bears this motif in its N terminus near sites of regulatory phosphorylation and that direct binding of PP1 to NKCC1 is functionally important in determining the set point for intracellular chloride regulation.	Chlorides	264-272	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	67-72
11466303-3	2001	Here we report that a substrate of PP1, the Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC1), bears this motif in its N terminus near sites of regulatory phosphorylation and that direct binding of PP1 to NKCC1 is functionally important in determining the set point for intracellular chloride regulation.	Chlorides	264-272	inorganic pyrophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	178-181
11466303-3	2001	Here we report that a substrate of PP1, the Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC1), bears this motif in its N terminus near sites of regulatory phosphorylation and that direct binding of PP1 to NKCC1 is functionally important in determining the set point for intracellular chloride regulation.	Chlorides	264-272	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	185-190
11496064-8	2001	Functional studies indicate that pendrin can function in chloride-formate and chloride-base exchange modes.	Chlorides	57-65	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	33-40
11496064-11	2001	In the present review, recent studies regarding the renal distribution and membrane localization of pendrin, and its functional properties, including its roles in chloride reabsorption and base excretion, are addressed.	Chlorides	163-171	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	100-107
11527951-8	2001	Consistent with the presence of a CFTR-mediated chloride conductance, the expression of CFTR-mRNA was detected using RT-PCR.	Chlorides	48-56	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Oryctolagus cuniculus	34-38
11527951-8	2001	Consistent with the presence of a CFTR-mediated chloride conductance, the expression of CFTR-mRNA was detected using RT-PCR.	Chlorides	48-56	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Oryctolagus cuniculus	88-92
11527951-0	2001	Activation of a CFTR-mediated chloride current in a rabbit corneal epithelial cell line.	Chlorides	30-38	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Oryctolagus cuniculus	16-20
11448682-1	2001	Sucrose forms a dicationic complex with cobalt(III)bis(phenanthroline) which can be isolated as the sparingly water-soluble triiodide salt or the water-soluble chloride.	Chlorides	160-168	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III	Homo sapiens	47-50
11527951-4	2001	RESULTS: In whole-cell patch-clamp studies, a cAMP-dependent chloride conductance was further facilitated by the known CFTR activator genistein (20 microM).	Chlorides	61-69	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Oryctolagus cuniculus	119-123
11487122-2	2001	The influence of different chloride concentrations on the TOC degradation and AOX concentration is analyzed.	Chlorides	27-35	acyl-CoA oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	78-81
11769628-0	2001	[Effect of methylmercury chloride on the c-fos expression in brain nerve cells of the rats].	Chlorides	25-33	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	41-46
11513598-1	2001	The predominant physiological activity of myeloperoxidase is to convert hydrogen peroxide and chloride to hypochlorous acid.	Chlorides	94-102	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	42-57
11594511-2	2001	Delivered from its storage compartment to the phagolysosome during fusion of the azurophilic granules, MPO catalyzes the oxidation of chloride in the presence of H2O2, chemistry unique to MPO, and thereby generates an array of highly reactive oxidants.	Chlorides	134-142	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	103-106
11594511-2	2001	Delivered from its storage compartment to the phagolysosome during fusion of the azurophilic granules, MPO catalyzes the oxidation of chloride in the presence of H2O2, chemistry unique to MPO, and thereby generates an array of highly reactive oxidants.	Chlorides	134-142	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	188-191
11456485-3	2001	Ess1 WW folds and unfolds reversibly, but in the absence of ligand is only marginally stable with a melting temperature of 19 degrees C. The WW domain is stabilized by the addition of anionic ligands, namely, chloride, inorganic phosphate, phosphoserine, and phosphorylated CTD peptides.	Chlorides	209-217	peptidylprolyl isomerase ESS1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
11485572-6	2001	Eosinophil peroxidase catalysed substantive oxidation of chloride only below pH 6.5.	Chlorides	57-65	eosinophil peroxidase	Homo sapiens	0-21
11460265-12	2001	These data show that TTN, acting through peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors, provokes chloride efflux, which in turn induces calcium influx via L-type calcium channels in rat astrocytes.	Chlorides	92-100	titin	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
11470857-7	2001	Transfection of the rat germ cell CFTR cDNA into human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells caused the expression of a cAMP-activated chloride current with CFTR characteristics.	Chlorides	130-138	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
11470857-7	2001	Transfection of the rat germ cell CFTR cDNA into human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells caused the expression of a cAMP-activated chloride current with CFTR characteristics.	Chlorides	130-138	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	152-156
11472981-9	2001	Additionally, CNP was able to reverse the chloride inhibition of BTSM mGC activity, suggesting that this is a novel G protein-coupled GC-B receptor.	Chlorides	42-50	natriuretic peptide receptor 2	Bos taurus	134-138
11476755-0	2001	Inhibitory effect of endothelin-1 on the isoproterenol-induced chloride current in human cardiac myocytes.	Chlorides	63-71	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	21-33
11399641-7	2001	Decreased extracellular chloride increases COX-2 expression in cultured cTALH, an effect mediated by increased p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity, and, in vivo, a sodium-deficient diet increases expression of activated p38 in MD/cTALH.	Chlorides	24-32	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	43-48
11408264-0	2001	Insulin and IGF-I inhibit calcium-dependent chloride secretion by T84 human colonic epithelial cells.	Chlorides	44-52	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
11408264-0	2001	Insulin and IGF-I inhibit calcium-dependent chloride secretion by T84 human colonic epithelial cells.	Chlorides	44-52	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	12-17
11408264-5	2001	Basolateral, but not apical, addition of insulin inhibited carbachol- and thapsigargin-induced chloride secretion in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion.	Chlorides	95-103	insulin	Homo sapiens	41-48
11408264-7	2001	Insulin had no effect on Ins(3,4,5,6)P(4) levels, and the inhibitory effects of insulin and IGF-I on chloride secretion were fully reversed by the PI 3-kinase inhibitors wortmannin and LY-294002.	Chlorides	101-109	insulin	Homo sapiens	80-87
11408264-7	2001	Insulin had no effect on Ins(3,4,5,6)P(4) levels, and the inhibitory effects of insulin and IGF-I on chloride secretion were fully reversed by the PI 3-kinase inhibitors wortmannin and LY-294002.	Chlorides	101-109	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	92-97
11408264-9	2001	In conclusion, insulin and IGF-I act to inhibit calcium-dependent chloride secretion through a PI 3-kinase-dependent pathway.	Chlorides	66-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
11408264-9	2001	In conclusion, insulin and IGF-I act to inhibit calcium-dependent chloride secretion through a PI 3-kinase-dependent pathway.	Chlorides	66-74	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	27-32
11563960-3	2001	The interaction of the enzyme with the inhibitor strongly depended on the presence of chloride in the medium, and the apparent dissociation constant of the ACE-chloride complex was (1.3 +/- 0.2).10(-3) M for the somatic enzyme.	Chlorides	86-94	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Bos taurus	156-159
11448786-2	2001	But there is a puzzling discrepancy between measures of CFTR-mediated chloride conductance in expression systems and the sweat chloride values of patients.	Chlorides	70-78	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	56-60
11423561-5	2001	The localization of CLC-K2 to these nephron segments strongly implies that CLC-K2 confers the basolateral chloride conductance in the thick ascending limb of Henle"s loop and distal tubules, where Cl(-) is taken up by the bumetanide-sensitive Na-K-2Cl cotransporter or the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter at the apical membranes.	Chlorides	106-114	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive Kb	Mus musculus	20-26
11423561-5	2001	The localization of CLC-K2 to these nephron segments strongly implies that CLC-K2 confers the basolateral chloride conductance in the thick ascending limb of Henle"s loop and distal tubules, where Cl(-) is taken up by the bumetanide-sensitive Na-K-2Cl cotransporter or the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter at the apical membranes.	Chlorides	106-114	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive Kb	Mus musculus	75-81
11472970-1	2001	Chloride (Cl(-)) movement across fetal lung epithelia is thought to be mediated by the sodium-potassium-2-Cl(-) cotransporter NKCC1.	Chlorides	0-8	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	126-131
11274166-1	2001	The multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, CaMKII, has been shown to regulate chloride movement and cellular function in both excitable and non-excitable cells.	Chlorides	103-111	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	68-74
11278976-8	2001	Expression of Tat1 protein in COS7 cells generates a 4,4"-diisothiocyano-2,2"-disulfonic acid stilbene and chloride-sensitive sulfate transport.	Chlorides	107-115	solute carrier family 26 member 8	Homo sapiens	14-18
11375697-2	2001	The chloride derivatives Dipp(2)nacnacMCl(2) (M = Al (3), Ga (5), In (8)) were isolated in good yield by the reaction of 1 equiv of Dipp(2)nacnacLi.Et(2)O (2) and the respective metal halides.	Chlorides	4-12	nudix hydrolase 3	Homo sapiens	25-29
11375697-2	2001	The chloride derivatives Dipp(2)nacnacMCl(2) (M = Al (3), Ga (5), In (8)) were isolated in good yield by the reaction of 1 equiv of Dipp(2)nacnacLi.Et(2)O (2) and the respective metal halides.	Chlorides	4-12	nudix hydrolase 3	Homo sapiens	132-136
11423665-3	2001	Here, we show that voltage sensitivity is conferred to prestin by the intracellular anions chloride and bicarbonate.	Chlorides	91-99	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	55-62
11390189-2	2001	Recent research findings have noted that the CFTR channel is not only permeant to chloride anions, but other, larger organic anions, including reduced glutathione (GSH).	Chlorides	82-90	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	45-49
11409722-4	2001	Whole-cell patch clamp recordings of CA1 pyramidal cells revealed small increases in chloride conductance at 5-10 microM GABA which increased dramatically upon addition of the GABA uptake blocker tiagabine.	Chlorides	85-93	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
11409722-5	2001	Tiagabine alone induced a significant chloride conductance indicating that spontaneous release of GABA in hippocampal slices is neutralized by GAT-1, the main hippocampal GABA transporter.	Chlorides	38-46	solute carrier family 6 member 12	Rattus norvegicus	143-148
11394881-3	2001	Binding to GC-C results in generation of cGMP, activation of type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase, phosphorylation of CFTR and increased chloride and bicarbonate secretion.	Chlorides	138-146	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	11-15
11353695-0	2001	Role of chloride in constriction of descending vasa recta by angiotensin II.	Chlorides	8-16	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	61-75
11422382-0	2001	Human neutrophils employ the myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/chloride system to oxidatively damage apolipoprotein A-I.	Chlorides	63-71	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	101-119
11422382-7	2001	Apo A-I degradation by activated neutrophils was partially inhibited by the HOCl scavenger methionine, by the heme inhibitor azide, by chloride-free conditions, by the peroxide scavenger catalase, and by a combination of superoxide dismutase (SOD)/catalase, implicating HOCl in the cell-mediated reaction.	Chlorides	135-143	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	0-5
11422382-3	2001	At plasma concentrations of halide ion, hypochlorous acid is a major product of the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system.	Chlorides	118-126	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	84-99
11278960-5	2001	Subsequently, however, other reports have suggested that ClC-3 may generate chloride currents with characteristics clearly distinct from I(Cl, Swell).	Chlorides	76-84	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	57-62
11403205-6	2001	Finally, when CF cells were grown at 27 degrees C (a culture condition which results in transport of CF transmembrane conductance regulator, CFTR, to the cell membrane and normalization of chloride conductance) TNFalpha-stimulated production of IL-6 and IL-8 reverted to normal.	Chlorides	189-197	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	211-219
11491179-2	2001	Studies showing that the abnormality in chloride flux could be corrected by transfection of wild-type cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) complimentary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) have led to gene therapy trials on both sides of the Atlantic.	Chlorides	40-48	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	102-153
11491179-2	2001	Studies showing that the abnormality in chloride flux could be corrected by transfection of wild-type cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) complimentary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) have led to gene therapy trials on both sides of the Atlantic.	Chlorides	40-48	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	155-159
11287314-5	2001	Dox treatment also increased DeltaF508-CFTR cell surface expression and DeltaF508-CFTR-associated chloride secretion in stably transfected Madin-Darby canine kidney cells.	Chlorides	98-106	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Canis lupus familiaris	82-86
11325574-7	2001	One of the most promising candidate genes is the brain-expressed potassium chloride cotransporter KCC3, given that this class of ion transporter has been implicated in the regulation of neuronal chloride activity.	Chlorides	75-83	solute carrier family 12 member 6	Homo sapiens	98-102
11352650-1	2001	The thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter SLC12A3 displays expression restricted to distal convoluted tubule cells where it catalyzes the uptake of sodium and chloride through the apical membrane.	Chlorides	160-168	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	43-50
11358505-0	2001	Purification and structure of the major product obtained by reaction of NADPH and NMNH with the myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/chloride system.	Chlorides	130-138	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	96-111
11395011-2	2001	Several potassium-chloride cotransporters can lower the intracellular chloride concentration [Cl(-)](i), including the neuronal isoform KCC2.	Chlorides	18-26	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	136-140
11124965-1	2001	Mutations in the cystic fibrosis gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) lead to altered chloride (Cl(-)) flux in affected epithelial tissues.	Chlorides	128-136	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	53-104
11287956-10	2001	Furthermore, we find that lim-6 is required for this functional asymmetry and for the ability to distinguish sodium from chloride.	Chlorides	121-129	LIM domain family	Caenorhabditis elegans	26-31
11124965-1	2001	Mutations in the cystic fibrosis gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) lead to altered chloride (Cl(-)) flux in affected epithelial tissues.	Chlorides	128-136	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	106-110
11300798-2	2001	NSP4 and an active peptide corresponding to NSP4 residues 114 to 135 (NSP4(114-135)) mobilize intracellular calcium and induce secretory chloride currents when added exogenously to intestinal cells or mucosa.	Chlorides	137-145	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	0-4
11300798-2	2001	NSP4 and an active peptide corresponding to NSP4 residues 114 to 135 (NSP4(114-135)) mobilize intracellular calcium and induce secretory chloride currents when added exogenously to intestinal cells or mucosa.	Chlorides	137-145	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	44-48
11274233-1	2001	An extensive body of in vitro data implicates epithelial chloride secretion, mediated through cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, in generating or maintaining fluid filled cysts in MDCK cells and in human autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).	Chlorides	57-65	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Canis lupus familiaris	94-145
11300798-2	2001	NSP4 and an active peptide corresponding to NSP4 residues 114 to 135 (NSP4(114-135)) mobilize intracellular calcium and induce secretory chloride currents when added exogenously to intestinal cells or mucosa.	Chlorides	137-145	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	44-48
11254501-0	2001	Interleukin-5 inhibition of biliary cell chloride currents and bile flow.	Chlorides	41-49	interleukin 5	Homo sapiens	0-13
11254501-6	2001	Patch-clamp studies on Mz-ChA-1 cells showed that IL-5 inhibits 5"-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine-stimulated chloride currents.	Chlorides	106-114	interleukin 5	Homo sapiens	50-54
11292652-2	2001	Recently we have described activation of a volume-sensitive, outwardly rectifying chloride conductance (I(OR)) through the src-like tyrosine kinase p56(lck).	Chlorides	82-90	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	123-126
11292652-2	2001	Recently we have described activation of a volume-sensitive, outwardly rectifying chloride conductance (I(OR)) through the src-like tyrosine kinase p56(lck).	Chlorides	82-90	cyclin dependent kinase like 2	Homo sapiens	148-151
11292652-2	2001	Recently we have described activation of a volume-sensitive, outwardly rectifying chloride conductance (I(OR)) through the src-like tyrosine kinase p56(lck).	Chlorides	82-90	LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	152-155
11292652-6	2001	Regulation of I(OR) by p56(lck) thus represents an alternative pathway of stimulating membrane chloride conductance that is left intact in cystic fibrosis.	Chlorides	95-103	cyclin dependent kinase like 2	Homo sapiens	23-26
11292652-6	2001	Regulation of I(OR) by p56(lck) thus represents an alternative pathway of stimulating membrane chloride conductance that is left intact in cystic fibrosis.	Chlorides	95-103	LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	27-30
11274233-1	2001	An extensive body of in vitro data implicates epithelial chloride secretion, mediated through cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, in generating or maintaining fluid filled cysts in MDCK cells and in human autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).	Chlorides	57-65	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Canis lupus familiaris	147-151
11241392-5	2001	Recent studies of Cl(-)-stimulated ATPase activity and active chloride transport in the same membrane system, including liposomes, suggest a medication by the ATPase in net movement of chloride up its electrochemical gradient across plasma membranes.	Chlorides	62-70	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	159-165
11241392-5	2001	Recent studies of Cl(-)-stimulated ATPase activity and active chloride transport in the same membrane system, including liposomes, suggest a medication by the ATPase in net movement of chloride up its electrochemical gradient across plasma membranes.	Chlorides	185-193	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	35-41
11241392-5	2001	Recent studies of Cl(-)-stimulated ATPase activity and active chloride transport in the same membrane system, including liposomes, suggest a medication by the ATPase in net movement of chloride up its electrochemical gradient across plasma membranes.	Chlorides	185-193	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	159-165
11259526-2	2001	The P2Y(2) receptor is the predominant transducer of chloride transport responses to nucleotides in the airways, but the P2 receptors that control ion transport in gastrointestinal epithelia have not been identified.	Chlorides	53-61	purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 2	Mus musculus	4-10
11159032-0	2001	Terminal sialylation is altered in airway cells with impaired CFTR-mediated chloride transport.	Chlorides	76-84	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	62-66
11116138-2	2001	In oocytes, KSHV-GPCR expression resulted in pronounced (81%) inhibition (heterologous desensitization) of Ca(2+)-activated chloride current responses to TRH and acetylcholine.	Chlorides	124-132	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	154-157
11259526-8	2001	The nucleotide selectivities observed with the recombinant (m)P2Y(4) and (m)P2Y(6) receptors resemble those for nucleotide-promoted chloride transport in murine P2Y(2)(-/-) jejuna and gallbladder epithelial cells, respectively.	Chlorides	132-140	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 4	Mus musculus	62-68
11259526-8	2001	The nucleotide selectivities observed with the recombinant (m)P2Y(4) and (m)P2Y(6) receptors resemble those for nucleotide-promoted chloride transport in murine P2Y(2)(-/-) jejuna and gallbladder epithelial cells, respectively.	Chlorides	132-140	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 6	Mus musculus	76-82
11259526-8	2001	The nucleotide selectivities observed with the recombinant (m)P2Y(4) and (m)P2Y(6) receptors resemble those for nucleotide-promoted chloride transport in murine P2Y(2)(-/-) jejuna and gallbladder epithelial cells, respectively.	Chlorides	132-140	purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 2	Mus musculus	161-167
11304574-1	2001	Myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is released from cytoplasmic granules of activated phagocytes by a degranulation process, reacts with H(2)O(2) (generated during the oxidative burst) and chloride ions to generate hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite (HOCl/OCl(-)).	Chlorides	183-191	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
11304574-1	2001	Myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is released from cytoplasmic granules of activated phagocytes by a degranulation process, reacts with H(2)O(2) (generated during the oxidative burst) and chloride ions to generate hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite (HOCl/OCl(-)).	Chlorides	183-191	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	17-20
11304574-8	2001	HOCl-modified proteins, products of the MPO-H(2)O(2)-chloride system in vivo, were not present intracellularly, but immunoreactivity for HOCl-modified proteins was cell-associated and/or present in the extracellular matrix.	Chlorides	53-61	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	40-43
11297432-3	2001	In the current studies, we show that hypochlorous acid (HOCl), generated by the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system of phagocytes, cross-links single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB) to single-stranded oligonucleotides.	Chlorides	114-122	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	80-95
11297432-3	2001	In the current studies, we show that hypochlorous acid (HOCl), generated by the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system of phagocytes, cross-links single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB) to single-stranded oligonucleotides.	Chlorides	114-122	replication protein A1	Homo sapiens	157-192
11297432-3	2001	In the current studies, we show that hypochlorous acid (HOCl), generated by the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system of phagocytes, cross-links single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB) to single-stranded oligonucleotides.	Chlorides	114-122	replication protein A1	Homo sapiens	194-197
11297432-7	2001	The covalent complex of radiolabeled dT(40) and SSB was also generated by chloramines and the complete myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system.	Chlorides	137-145	replication protein A1	Homo sapiens	48-51
11297432-7	2001	The covalent complex of radiolabeled dT(40) and SSB was also generated by chloramines and the complete myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system.	Chlorides	137-145	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	103-118
11297432-8	2001	The enzymatic reaction required each component of the system and was inhibited by heme poisons and chloride-free conditions, implicating myeloperoxidase and HOCl.	Chlorides	99-107	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	137-152
11096079-0	2001	ClC-2 contributes to native chloride secretion by a human intestinal cell line, Caco-2.	Chlorides	28-36	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
11096079-2	2001	These findings fueled speculation that ClC-2 can compensate for impaired chloride transport in epithelial tissues affected by cystic fibrosis and lacking the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.	Chlorides	73-81	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	39-44
11096079-5	2001	Using an antisense strategy we show that ClC-2 contributes to native chloride currents in Caco-2 cells measured by patch clamp electrophysiology.	Chlorides	69-77	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	41-46
11096079-6	2001	Antisense ClC-2-transfected monolayers of Caco-2 cells exhibited less chloride secretion (monitored as iodide efflux) than did mock transfected monolayers, providing the first direct molecular evidence that ClC-2 can contribute to chloride secretion by the human intestinal epithelium.	Chlorides	70-78	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	10-15
11096079-6	2001	Antisense ClC-2-transfected monolayers of Caco-2 cells exhibited less chloride secretion (monitored as iodide efflux) than did mock transfected monolayers, providing the first direct molecular evidence that ClC-2 can contribute to chloride secretion by the human intestinal epithelium.	Chlorides	231-239	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	10-15
11096079-6	2001	Antisense ClC-2-transfected monolayers of Caco-2 cells exhibited less chloride secretion (monitored as iodide efflux) than did mock transfected monolayers, providing the first direct molecular evidence that ClC-2 can contribute to chloride secretion by the human intestinal epithelium.	Chlorides	231-239	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	207-212
11096079-8	2001	Hence, these studies provide the necessary rationale for considering ClC-2 as a possible therapeutic target for diseases affecting intestinal chloride secretion such as cystic fibrosis.	Chlorides	142-150	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	69-74
11250875-8	2001	The GLC-3 channels were selective for chloride ions, as shown by the shift in the reversal potential for L-glutamate-gated currents after the reduction of external Cl(-) from 107.6 to 62.5 mM.	Chlorides	38-46	Ig-like domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	4-9
11179391-10	2001	Chloride currents through CFTR channels were blocked by low concentrations (10 mM) of SCN-, I- and ClO4-, implying relatively tight binding of these anions within the pore.	Chlorides	0-8	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	26-30
11266369-3	2001	We found that uptake of (22)Na(+) through ENaC is modulated by activation of CFTR in oocytes, coexpressing CFTR and ENaC, depending on extracellular chloride concentration.	Chlorides	149-157	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	77-81
11266369-3	2001	We found that uptake of (22)Na(+) through ENaC is modulated by activation of CFTR in oocytes, coexpressing CFTR and ENaC, depending on extracellular chloride concentration.	Chlorides	149-157	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	107-111
11266369-6	2001	We conclude that the observed modulation of (22)Na(+) uptake by activated CFTR is due to the effect of CFTR-mediated chloride conductance on the membrane potential.	Chlorides	117-125	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	74-78
11266369-6	2001	We conclude that the observed modulation of (22)Na(+) uptake by activated CFTR is due to the effect of CFTR-mediated chloride conductance on the membrane potential.	Chlorides	117-125	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	103-107
11054430-3	2001	Furthermore, hypochlorous acid (HOCl), the major strong oxidant generated by MPO in the presence of physiological concentrations of chloride ions, can also react with nitrite, forming the reactive intermediate nitryl chloride.	Chlorides	132-140	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	77-80
11444145-0	2001	Chloride distribution in the CA1 region of newborn and adult hippocampus by light microscopic histochemistry.	Chlorides	0-8	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	29-32
11444145-7	2001	Both methods were qualitative only, had limited applicability to the superficial 20-30 microns of slices, but were able to demonstrate a reduced extracellular-to-intracellular chloride gradient in the CA1 pyramidal neurons of the newborn hippocampus as compared to adult animals.	Chlorides	176-184	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	201-204
11237628-7	2001	Detailed studies coupled with theoretical estimates reveal that, for the chlorides and perchlorates of Ni(2+) (and Co(2+)), the relaxation enhancements are dominated by Heisenberg spin exchange interactions with paramagnetic ions dissolved in fluid membranes.	Chlorides	73-82	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	180-184
11246420-1	2001	Band 3 (AE1), the anion exchanger of the human erythrocyte membrane, mediates not only fluxes of small hydrophilic anions (e.g., chloride, oxalate), but also the flip-flop of long-chain amphiphilic anions (e.g., dodecylsulfate).	Chlorides	129-137	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	8-11
11231129-0	2001	Galpha(13) mediates activation of a depolarizing chloride current that accompanies RhoA activation in both neuronal and nonneuronal cells.	Chlorides	49-57	G protein subunit alpha 13	Homo sapiens	0-10
11231129-0	2001	Galpha(13) mediates activation of a depolarizing chloride current that accompanies RhoA activation in both neuronal and nonneuronal cells.	Chlorides	49-57	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	83-87
11231129-5	2001	Here we report that, in neuronal cells, the depolarizing chloride current invariably accompanies GPCR-induced activation of RhoA and subsequent neurite retraction, and neither of these events requires phosphoinositide hydrolysis or Ca2+ mobilization.	Chlorides	57-65	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 6	Homo sapiens	97-101
11286023-1	2001	The mechanism of increased chloride currents by inflammatory cytokine, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), was investigated in cultured a human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) using cell-attached and inside-out patch configurations.	Chlorides	27-35	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	71-87
11286023-1	2001	The mechanism of increased chloride currents by inflammatory cytokine, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), was investigated in cultured a human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) using cell-attached and inside-out patch configurations.	Chlorides	27-35	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	89-98
11207362-7	2001	We conclude that ClC-7 provides the chloride conductance required for an efficient proton pumping by the H(+)-ATPase of the osteoclast ruffled membrane.	Chlorides	36-44	chloride voltage-gated channel 7	Homo sapiens	17-22
11231129-5	2001	Here we report that, in neuronal cells, the depolarizing chloride current invariably accompanies GPCR-induced activation of RhoA and subsequent neurite retraction, and neither of these events requires phosphoinositide hydrolysis or Ca2+ mobilization.	Chlorides	57-65	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	124-128
11164382-1	2001	Chloride permeation through the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl(-) channel is inhibited by a broad range of intracellular organic anions.	Chlorides	0-8	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	32-83
11231129-6	2001	Through antibody microinjections and a genetic approach, we demonstrate that activation of the chloride conductance is mediated by Galpha(13) in a RhoA-independent manner in both neuronal cells and fibroblasts.	Chlorides	95-103	G protein subunit alpha 13	Homo sapiens	131-141
11231129-6	2001	Through antibody microinjections and a genetic approach, we demonstrate that activation of the chloride conductance is mediated by Galpha(13) in a RhoA-independent manner in both neuronal cells and fibroblasts.	Chlorides	95-103	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	147-151
11163800-0	2001	Chloride binding by the AML1/Runx1 transcription factor studied by NMR.	Chlorides	0-8	RUNX family transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
11163800-0	2001	Chloride binding by the AML1/Runx1 transcription factor studied by NMR.	Chlorides	0-8	RUNX family transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	29-34
11164382-1	2001	Chloride permeation through the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl(-) channel is inhibited by a broad range of intracellular organic anions.	Chlorides	0-8	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	85-89
11440179-0	2001	Chlorination of N-acetyltyrosine with HOCl, chloramines, and myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system.	Chlorides	95-103	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	61-76
11196649-2	2001	The diversity of ClC channels highlights the multitude and range of functions served by gated chloride-ion conduction in biological membranes, such as controlling electrical excitability in skeletal muscle, maintaining systemic blood pressure, acidifying endosomal compartments, and regulating electrical responses of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)-containing interneurons in the central nervous system.	Chlorides	94-102	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	17-20
11275687-4	2001	It has been theoretically estimated that even a modest ( approximately 10%) increase in CFTR-associated chloride conductance can be beneficial in a clinical setting.	Chlorides	104-112	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	88-92
11133517-8	2001	Sodium and chloride contents in the inner medulla in Clcnk1-/- mice were at about one-half the levels observed in Clcnk1+/+ mice.	Chlorides	11-19	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive Ka	Mus musculus	53-59
11133517-9	2001	Furthermore, the accumulation of urea was also impaired in Clcnk1-/- mice, suggesting that the overall countercurrent system was impaired by a defect of its single component, chloride transport in the tAL.	Chlorides	175-183	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive Ka	Mus musculus	59-65
11133517-9	2001	Furthermore, the accumulation of urea was also impaired in Clcnk1-/- mice, suggesting that the overall countercurrent system was impaired by a defect of its single component, chloride transport in the tAL.	Chlorides	175-183	talipes	Mus musculus	201-204
11573133-4	2001	Despite its high homology to known sulfate transporters, pendrin has been shown to transport iodide and chloride, but not sulfate.	Chlorides	104-112	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	57-64
11845307-1	2001	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) functions at the apical membrane of epithelial cells to regulate chloride permeability.	Chlorides	128-136	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Bos taurus	4-55
12120234-1	2001	BACKGROUND/AIMS: The CFTR gene has been shown to be involved in sporadic idiopathic pancreatitis (IP) and neonatal hypertrypsinemia with normal sweat chloride test (NHNST).	Chlorides	150-158	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	21-25
12120234-7	2001	RESULTS: CFTR mutations were more frequently observed in sporadic IP cases with a common cystic fibrosis mutation or borderline sweat chloride than in cases with a negative sweat test.	Chlorides	134-142	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	9-13
11845307-1	2001	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) functions at the apical membrane of epithelial cells to regulate chloride permeability.	Chlorides	128-136	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Bos taurus	57-61
11151372-3	2000	Upon reduction in a chloride-containing medium, OsO4 (1) affords the osmium(IV) species [OsCl5(H2O)]- (2), which could be isolated by extraction with n-tributyl phosphate (TBP).	Chlorides	20-28	TATA-box binding protein	Homo sapiens	172-175
11133096-1	2000	A number of alkanesulfonyl halides (chlorides and fluorides) and esters were synthesized and their effect on the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) was studied.	Chlorides	36-45	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	145-148
11078693-1	2000	The chloride channel ClC-2 has been implicated in neonatal airway chloride secretion.	Chlorides	4-12	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	21-26
11078693-4	2000	If ClC-2 contributed to chloride secretion, we predicted on the basis of previous studies that negative I(sc) would be stimulated by dilution of the mucosal bath and that this response would depend on chloride ion and would be blocked by the chloride channel blocker 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid but not by DIDS.	Chlorides	24-32	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	3-8
11078693-4	2000	If ClC-2 contributed to chloride secretion, we predicted on the basis of previous studies that negative I(sc) would be stimulated by dilution of the mucosal bath and that this response would depend on chloride ion and would be blocked by the chloride channel blocker 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid but not by DIDS.	Chlorides	201-209	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	3-8
11078693-5	2000	In fact, mucosal hypotonicity did stimulate a chloride-dependent change in I(sc) that exhibited pharmacological properties consistent with those of ClC-2.	Chlorides	46-54	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	148-153
11078693-7	2000	Assessment of the native expression pattern of ClC-2 protein in the murine intestinal epithelium by confocal and electron microscopy showed that ClC-2 exhibits a novel distribution, a distribution pattern somewhat unexpected for a channel involved in chloride secretion.	Chlorides	251-259	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	47-52
11078693-7	2000	Assessment of the native expression pattern of ClC-2 protein in the murine intestinal epithelium by confocal and electron microscopy showed that ClC-2 exhibits a novel distribution, a distribution pattern somewhat unexpected for a channel involved in chloride secretion.	Chlorides	251-259	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	145-150
11078699-0	2000	Structural determinants for activation and block of CFTR-mediated chloride currents by apigenin.	Chlorides	66-74	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	52-56
11078724-6	2000	In contrast, both CLH-1 and CLH-3b produced strong, inward-rectifying chloride currents similar to those arising from mammalian ClC2, but which operate over different voltage ranges.	Chlorides	70-78	Chloride channel protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	18-23
11090055-3	2000	The induction of binding activity of the HIF-1 transcription factor and EPO mRNA expression and protein production were suppressed by Cd and CDDP in a dose-dependent manner with no apparent cell damage.	Chlorides	134-136	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	41-46
11133096-1	2000	A number of alkanesulfonyl halides (chlorides and fluorides) and esters were synthesized and their effect on the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) was studied.	Chlorides	36-45	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	125-143
11195932-4	2000	Electrophysiological studies in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells indicated that NCC27 chloride conductance varied according to the stage of the cell cycle, being expressed only on the plasma membrane of cells in G2/M phase.	Chlorides	90-98	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	84-89
11055897-2	2000	Two assumptions underlie this hypothesis: (1) chloride conductance by the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the rate-limiting step for active intestinal chloride secretion at all levels of expression, from approximately zero in patients with CF to normal levels in people who are not carriers of a mutation; and (2) heterozygotes have smaller amounts of functional intestinal CFTR than do people who are not carriers, and heterozygotes therefore secrete less chloride when exposed to secretagogues.	Chlorides	46-54	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	74-112
11055897-2	2000	Two assumptions underlie this hypothesis: (1) chloride conductance by the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the rate-limiting step for active intestinal chloride secretion at all levels of expression, from approximately zero in patients with CF to normal levels in people who are not carriers of a mutation; and (2) heterozygotes have smaller amounts of functional intestinal CFTR than do people who are not carriers, and heterozygotes therefore secrete less chloride when exposed to secretagogues.	Chlorides	46-54	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	114-118
11055897-2	2000	Two assumptions underlie this hypothesis: (1) chloride conductance by the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the rate-limiting step for active intestinal chloride secretion at all levels of expression, from approximately zero in patients with CF to normal levels in people who are not carriers of a mutation; and (2) heterozygotes have smaller amounts of functional intestinal CFTR than do people who are not carriers, and heterozygotes therefore secrete less chloride when exposed to secretagogues.	Chlorides	46-54	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	391-395
11055897-2	2000	Two assumptions underlie this hypothesis: (1) chloride conductance by the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the rate-limiting step for active intestinal chloride secretion at all levels of expression, from approximately zero in patients with CF to normal levels in people who are not carriers of a mutation; and (2) heterozygotes have smaller amounts of functional intestinal CFTR than do people who are not carriers, and heterozygotes therefore secrete less chloride when exposed to secretagogues.	Chlorides	168-176	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	74-112
11055897-2	2000	Two assumptions underlie this hypothesis: (1) chloride conductance by the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the rate-limiting step for active intestinal chloride secretion at all levels of expression, from approximately zero in patients with CF to normal levels in people who are not carriers of a mutation; and (2) heterozygotes have smaller amounts of functional intestinal CFTR than do people who are not carriers, and heterozygotes therefore secrete less chloride when exposed to secretagogues.	Chlorides	168-176	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	114-118
11055897-2	2000	Two assumptions underlie this hypothesis: (1) chloride conductance by the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the rate-limiting step for active intestinal chloride secretion at all levels of expression, from approximately zero in patients with CF to normal levels in people who are not carriers of a mutation; and (2) heterozygotes have smaller amounts of functional intestinal CFTR than do people who are not carriers, and heterozygotes therefore secrete less chloride when exposed to secretagogues.	Chlorides	168-176	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	74-112
11055897-2	2000	Two assumptions underlie this hypothesis: (1) chloride conductance by the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the rate-limiting step for active intestinal chloride secretion at all levels of expression, from approximately zero in patients with CF to normal levels in people who are not carriers of a mutation; and (2) heterozygotes have smaller amounts of functional intestinal CFTR than do people who are not carriers, and heterozygotes therefore secrete less chloride when exposed to secretagogues.	Chlorides	168-176	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	114-118
11090055-3	2000	The induction of binding activity of the HIF-1 transcription factor and EPO mRNA expression and protein production were suppressed by Cd and CDDP in a dose-dependent manner with no apparent cell damage.	Chlorides	134-136	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	72-75
11090055-6	2000	These results indicate that Cd and CDDP have a strong and specific inhibitory effect on hypoxia- and Co-induced signaling and EPO induction in hepatic cells.	Chlorides	28-30	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	126-129
10982805-0	2000	Low chloride stimulation of prostaglandin E2 release and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in a mouse macula densa cell line.	Chlorides	4-12	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	57-73
10982805-9	2000	Reducing NaCl to 60 and 6 mm for 16 h increased COX-2 expression in a chloride-dependent fashion.	Chlorides	70-78	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	48-53
10982805-12	2000	We conclude that low chloride stimulates PGE(2) release and COX-2 expression in MMDD1 cells through activation of MAP kinases.	Chlorides	21-29	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	60-65
11095622-3	2000	The study aims to determine the presence of specific chloride channels, including CFTR and ClC channels, to identify the properties of membrane chloride currents and to assess their modulation by hydrogen peroxide, cAMP, and other agents.	Chlorides	53-61	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	82-86
11113843-2	2000	beta-Adrenergic pathway-mediated sweating is absent in cystic fibrosis (CF) because cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated chloride transport through the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) is disrupted.	Chlorides	131-139	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	203-207
11110839-6	2000	Expression of the normal CFTR gene in transfected CF cells increased chloride efflux and the incorporation of [1-(14)C]18:2(n-6) into phospholipid and triacylglycerol fractions.	Chlorides	69-77	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	25-29
11152302-6	2000	Extracellular applications of micromolar concentrations of SPC3 onto Xenopus oocytes trigger potent inward chloride currents which can be inhibited by increasing extracellular Ca2+ concentration.	Chlorides	107-115	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Homo sapiens	59-63
11152302-8	2000	The SPC3-induced chloride conductance in oocytes is alpha/beta-chemokine receptor dependent because: (i) SPC3 alters the sensitivity of this channel to external applications of human recombinant MIP-1alpha, a natural ligand of human CCR5 receptor, and (ii) the amplitude of the inward current could be increased by the expression of exogenous human CXCR4 chemokine receptor.	Chlorides	17-25	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
11152302-8	2000	The SPC3-induced chloride conductance in oocytes is alpha/beta-chemokine receptor dependent because: (i) SPC3 alters the sensitivity of this channel to external applications of human recombinant MIP-1alpha, a natural ligand of human CCR5 receptor, and (ii) the amplitude of the inward current could be increased by the expression of exogenous human CXCR4 chemokine receptor.	Chlorides	17-25	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Homo sapiens	105-109
11117534-0	2000	Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) regulates prolactin-mediated chloride transport in mouse mammary epithelial cells through tyrosine phosphorylation of Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter.	Chlorides	51-59	Janus kinase 2	Mus musculus	0-14
11152302-8	2000	The SPC3-induced chloride conductance in oocytes is alpha/beta-chemokine receptor dependent because: (i) SPC3 alters the sensitivity of this channel to external applications of human recombinant MIP-1alpha, a natural ligand of human CCR5 receptor, and (ii) the amplitude of the inward current could be increased by the expression of exogenous human CXCR4 chemokine receptor.	Chlorides	17-25	C-C motif chemokine ligand 3	Homo sapiens	195-205
11152302-8	2000	The SPC3-induced chloride conductance in oocytes is alpha/beta-chemokine receptor dependent because: (i) SPC3 alters the sensitivity of this channel to external applications of human recombinant MIP-1alpha, a natural ligand of human CCR5 receptor, and (ii) the amplitude of the inward current could be increased by the expression of exogenous human CXCR4 chemokine receptor.	Chlorides	17-25	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	233-237
11152302-8	2000	The SPC3-induced chloride conductance in oocytes is alpha/beta-chemokine receptor dependent because: (i) SPC3 alters the sensitivity of this channel to external applications of human recombinant MIP-1alpha, a natural ligand of human CCR5 receptor, and (ii) the amplitude of the inward current could be increased by the expression of exogenous human CXCR4 chemokine receptor.	Chlorides	17-25	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	349-354
11152302-10	2000	Altogether, the data indicate that SPC3 is capable of activating a surface alpha/beta-chemokine-like receptor-mediated signaling pathway in competent cells, thereby triggering, either directly or indirectly, a Ca2+-inactivated chloride conductance.	Chlorides	227-235	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Homo sapiens	35-39
11117534-1	2000	Epithelial chloride (Cl-) transport is achieved by the coordinated action of symporters such as the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC1) and chloride channels such as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Chlorides	11-19	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	221-225
11117534-0	2000	Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) regulates prolactin-mediated chloride transport in mouse mammary epithelial cells through tyrosine phosphorylation of Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter.	Chlorides	51-59	Janus kinase 2	Mus musculus	16-20
11117534-1	2000	Epithelial chloride (Cl-) transport is achieved by the coordinated action of symporters such as the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC1) and chloride channels such as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Chlorides	11-19	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	127-132
11117534-1	2000	Epithelial chloride (Cl-) transport is achieved by the coordinated action of symporters such as the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC1) and chloride channels such as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Chlorides	11-19	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	168-219
11087667-3	2000	Three human transporter proteins have been functionally characterized: SLC26A2 (DTDST), SLC26A3 (CLD or DRA), and SLC26A4 (PDS) can transport with different specificities the chloride, iodine, bicarbonate, oxalate, and hydroxyl anions, whereas SLC26A5 (prestin) was suggested to act as the motor protein of the cochlear outer hair cell.	Chlorides	175-183	solute carrier family 26 member 2	Homo sapiens	71-78
10956639-2	2000	We have previously shown that the apical membrane of airway epithelium contains a 37-kDa phosphoprotein (p37) whose phosphorylation is regulated by chloride concentration.	Chlorides	148-156	nucleoporin 37	Homo sapiens	105-108
11100728-5	2000	The reversal potential of the MOD-1 channel is dependent on the concentration of chloride ions but not of cations.	Chlorides	81-89	Uncharacterized protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	30-35
12903404-2	2000	METHODS: The experiment was carried out under the low water activity condition, using tosylate chloride activating side-chain hydroxyl group of Sepharose CL-4B agarose to form a high active group which could react with the free amino-group of ACE to link the enzyme with agarose.	Chlorides	95-103	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	243-246
11087667-3	2000	Three human transporter proteins have been functionally characterized: SLC26A2 (DTDST), SLC26A3 (CLD or DRA), and SLC26A4 (PDS) can transport with different specificities the chloride, iodine, bicarbonate, oxalate, and hydroxyl anions, whereas SLC26A5 (prestin) was suggested to act as the motor protein of the cochlear outer hair cell.	Chlorides	175-183	solute carrier family 26 member 2	Homo sapiens	80-85
11087667-3	2000	Three human transporter proteins have been functionally characterized: SLC26A2 (DTDST), SLC26A3 (CLD or DRA), and SLC26A4 (PDS) can transport with different specificities the chloride, iodine, bicarbonate, oxalate, and hydroxyl anions, whereas SLC26A5 (prestin) was suggested to act as the motor protein of the cochlear outer hair cell.	Chlorides	175-183	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	88-95
11087667-3	2000	Three human transporter proteins have been functionally characterized: SLC26A2 (DTDST), SLC26A3 (CLD or DRA), and SLC26A4 (PDS) can transport with different specificities the chloride, iodine, bicarbonate, oxalate, and hydroxyl anions, whereas SLC26A5 (prestin) was suggested to act as the motor protein of the cochlear outer hair cell.	Chlorides	175-183	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	104-107
11087667-3	2000	Three human transporter proteins have been functionally characterized: SLC26A2 (DTDST), SLC26A3 (CLD or DRA), and SLC26A4 (PDS) can transport with different specificities the chloride, iodine, bicarbonate, oxalate, and hydroxyl anions, whereas SLC26A5 (prestin) was suggested to act as the motor protein of the cochlear outer hair cell.	Chlorides	175-183	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	114-121
10993873-3	2000	We show here the primary structure, tissue distribution, and functional characterization of Na(+)-driven chloride/bicarbonate exchanger (designated NCBE) cloned from the insulin-secreting cell line MIN6 cDNA library.	Chlorides	105-113	solute carrier family 4 member 10	Homo sapiens	148-152
11087667-3	2000	Three human transporter proteins have been functionally characterized: SLC26A2 (DTDST), SLC26A3 (CLD or DRA), and SLC26A4 (PDS) can transport with different specificities the chloride, iodine, bicarbonate, oxalate, and hydroxyl anions, whereas SLC26A5 (prestin) was suggested to act as the motor protein of the cochlear outer hair cell.	Chlorides	175-183	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	244-251
11087667-3	2000	Three human transporter proteins have been functionally characterized: SLC26A2 (DTDST), SLC26A3 (CLD or DRA), and SLC26A4 (PDS) can transport with different specificities the chloride, iodine, bicarbonate, oxalate, and hydroxyl anions, whereas SLC26A5 (prestin) was suggested to act as the motor protein of the cochlear outer hair cell.	Chlorides	175-183	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	253-260
11069835-7	2000	Both patients had defective CFTR-mediated chloride conductance in the sweat ductal and/or acinar epithelia (sweat chloride, mmol/L, mean +/- SEM: 40.0 +/- 5.0 [n = 8 samples] and 80.	Chlorides	42-50	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	28-32
11063570-1	2000	Human carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) possesses a binding site for an acidic motif (D887ADD) within the carboxyl-terminal region (Ct) of the human erythrocyte chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger, AE1.	Chlorides	156-164	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	6-27
11063570-1	2000	Human carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) possesses a binding site for an acidic motif (D887ADD) within the carboxyl-terminal region (Ct) of the human erythrocyte chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger, AE1.	Chlorides	156-164	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	29-33
11063570-1	2000	Human carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) possesses a binding site for an acidic motif (D887ADD) within the carboxyl-terminal region (Ct) of the human erythrocyte chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger, AE1.	Chlorides	156-164	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	194-197
11053039-3	2000	CLC-K1 mediates a transepithelial chloride transport in the thin ascending limb of Henle"s loop and is essential for urinary concentrating mechanisms.	Chlorides	34-42	chloride voltage-gated channel Ka	Homo sapiens	0-6
11053039-4	2000	CLC-K2 is a basolateral chloride channel in distal nephron segments and is necessary for chloride reabsorption.	Chlorides	24-32	chloride voltage-gated channel 5	Homo sapiens	0-6
10926932-2	2000	GAT-1 maintains low synaptic concentrations of neurotransmitter by coupling GABA uptake to the fluxes of sodium and chloride.	Chlorides	116-124	solute carrier family 6 member 12	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
11071305-4	2000	The CFTR is a member of the ATPase-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family but, unlike other members of this group, CFTR conducts a chloride current that is activated by cAMP.	Chlorides	134-142	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-8
11071305-4	2000	The CFTR is a member of the ATPase-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family but, unlike other members of this group, CFTR conducts a chloride current that is activated by cAMP.	Chlorides	134-142	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	118-122
11071305-6	2000	In epithelial cells, the cAMP-stimulated chloride current is conducted by both CFTR and the outwardly rectifying chloride channel (ORCC).	Chlorides	41-49	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	79-83
10998045-0	2000	Mechanism of reaction of myeloperoxidase with hydrogen peroxide and chloride ion.	Chlorides	68-80	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	25-40
11035103-0	2000	Role of intracellular chloride in the reversible activation of neutrophil beta 2 integrins: a lesson from TNF stimulation.	Chlorides	22-30	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	74-80
11198421-0	2000	Amino acid deletions in loop C of the chlorophyll a-binding protein CP47 alter the chloride requirement and/or prevent the assembly of photosystem II.	Chlorides	83-91	beaded filament structural protein 2	Homo sapiens	68-72
11196950-5	2000	In contrast, in the monoalkyl- or monoaryl-2,2"-bipyridine complexes, chloride substitution is followed by subsequent slower processes which involve the detachment of one arm of the chelated 2,2"-bipyridine, fast cis to trans isomerization of the cis-[Pt(PPh3)2(eta 1-bipy)(R)]+ transient intermediate, and, eventually, the release of free bipy, yielding trans-[Pt(PPh3)2(R)Cl] (R = Me or Ph).	Chlorides	70-78	protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	255-259
11196950-5	2000	In contrast, in the monoalkyl- or monoaryl-2,2"-bipyridine complexes, chloride substitution is followed by subsequent slower processes which involve the detachment of one arm of the chelated 2,2"-bipyridine, fast cis to trans isomerization of the cis-[Pt(PPh3)2(eta 1-bipy)(R)]+ transient intermediate, and, eventually, the release of free bipy, yielding trans-[Pt(PPh3)2(R)Cl] (R = Me or Ph).	Chlorides	70-78	protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	365-369
11027226-3	2000	To test this, we immunostained retina for the K-Cl cotransporter (KCC2) that normally extrudes chloride and for the Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC) that normally accumulates chloride.	Chlorides	95-103	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	66-70
11052075-1	2000	Nefopam methohalide (chloride, bromide, and iodide) medium-ring quaternary ammonium salts of the non-narcotic analgesic tertiary amine drug give crystals belonging to the identical monoclinic P2(1)/c space group, and all of these pseudopolymorphs exhibit the same packing motif.	Chlorides	21-29	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	192-197
11003589-2	2000	CFTR may also modulate intracellular chloride conductances and thus affect organelle pH.	Chlorides	37-45	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Canis lupus familiaris	0-4
10998045-1	2000	The reaction of myeloperoxidase compound I (MPO-I) with chloride ion is widely assumed to produce the bacterial killing agent after phagocytosis.	Chlorides	56-64	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	16-31
10998045-1	2000	The reaction of myeloperoxidase compound I (MPO-I) with chloride ion is widely assumed to produce the bacterial killing agent after phagocytosis.	Chlorides	56-64	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	44-47
10998045-8	2000	It was found that the rate constant for the reaction of compound I, generated from myeloperoxidase (MPO) and excess hydrogen peroxide with chloride, decreased with increasing chloride concentration.	Chlorides	139-147	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	83-98
10998045-8	2000	It was found that the rate constant for the reaction of compound I, generated from myeloperoxidase (MPO) and excess hydrogen peroxide with chloride, decreased with increasing chloride concentration.	Chlorides	139-147	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	100-103
10998045-8	2000	It was found that the rate constant for the reaction of compound I, generated from myeloperoxidase (MPO) and excess hydrogen peroxide with chloride, decreased with increasing chloride concentration.	Chlorides	175-183	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	83-98
10998045-8	2000	It was found that the rate constant for the reaction of compound I, generated from myeloperoxidase (MPO) and excess hydrogen peroxide with chloride, decreased with increasing chloride concentration.	Chlorides	175-183	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	100-103
11051556-2	2000	Phosphorylation by protein kinase A in the presence of ATP activates the CFTR-mediated chloride conductance of the apical membranes.	Chlorides	87-95	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	73-77
10987858-5	2000	Electrophysiological whole-cell patch-clamp recordings show that, of the eight arginine residues tested, the two arginines at positions 70 and 123 appear to be essential for the GABA-gated chloride current because the EC(50) values of the two mutant constructs increase >100-fold compared with the wild-type alpha(5),beta(2), gamma(2s) GABA(A) receptor.	Chlorides	189-197	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	320-327
10991979-0	2000	Estrogen inhibition of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-mediated chloride secretion.	Chlorides	84-92	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	23-74
10991970-2	2000	We investigated the effect of different hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) from cytochrome P450- and lipoxygenase-dependent arachidonate metabolism on electrogenic chloride secretion in rat distal colon.	Chlorides	167-175	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-116
11006093-1	2000	The molecular organization of the AE2 (SLC4A2) gene, a member of the multigene family encoding sodium-independent chloride/bicarbonate anion exchangers, has previously been described in both humans and rats.	Chlorides	114-122	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	34-37
11006093-1	2000	The molecular organization of the AE2 (SLC4A2) gene, a member of the multigene family encoding sodium-independent chloride/bicarbonate anion exchangers, has previously been described in both humans and rats.	Chlorides	114-122	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	39-45
10970808-0	2000	The chloride effect is related to anion binding in determining the rate of iron release from the human transferrin N-lobe.	Chlorides	4-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	103-114
11028104-4	2000	CFTR mRNA is expressed in all nephron segments and its protein is involved with chloride secretion in the distal tubule, and the principal cells of the cortical (CCD) and medullary (IMCD) collecting ducts.	Chlorides	80-88	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
11028104-6	2000	In the polycystic kidney the secretion of chloride through CFTR contributes to the cyst enlargement.	Chlorides	42-50	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	59-63
11127890-1	2000	The influences of mono-, bi- and trivalent metal ions (as chloride salts) on the activity of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from chicken liver have been studied to elucidate the mechanism of ion-activation of this enzyme.	Chlorides	58-72	dihydrofolate reductase	Gallus gallus	93-116
11127890-1	2000	The influences of mono-, bi- and trivalent metal ions (as chloride salts) on the activity of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from chicken liver have been studied to elucidate the mechanism of ion-activation of this enzyme.	Chlorides	58-72	dihydrofolate reductase	Gallus gallus	118-122
10852925-6	2000	Point substitution of the threonine (Thr at position -2) with alanine or valine had no effect on the apical polarization of CFTR, but reduced interaction between CFTR and EBP50, efficient expression of CFTR in the apical membrane as well as chloride secretion.	Chlorides	241-249	SLC9A3 regulator 1	Homo sapiens	171-176
10852925-1	2000	Polarization of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-activated chloride channel to the apical plasma membrane in epithelial cells is critical for vectorial chloride transport.	Chlorides	93-101	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	16-67
10852925-1	2000	Polarization of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-activated chloride channel to the apical plasma membrane in epithelial cells is critical for vectorial chloride transport.	Chlorides	93-101	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	69-73
11020661-2	2000	The heme enzyme myeloperoxidase catalyzes the production of hypochlorous acid from hydrogen peroxide and chloride.	Chlorides	105-113	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	16-31
10874038-5	2000	Chloride permeability of reconstituted vesicles was assessed using a valinomycin dependent chloride efflux assay, demonstrating increased vesicular chloride permeability with CLIC-1 compared with control.	Chlorides	0-8	chloride intracellular channel 1	Bos taurus	175-181
10874038-5	2000	Chloride permeability of reconstituted vesicles was assessed using a valinomycin dependent chloride efflux assay, demonstrating increased vesicular chloride permeability with CLIC-1 compared with control.	Chlorides	148-156	chloride intracellular channel 1	Bos taurus	175-181
10852925-8	2000	We conclude that the PDZ-interacting domain, in particular the leucine (position 0) and threonine (position -2) residues, are required for the efficient, polarized expression of CFTR in the apical plasma membrane, interaction of CFTR with EBP50, and for the ability of CFTR to mediate chloride secretion.	Chlorides	285-293	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	178-182
10874038-6	2000	CLIC-1-dependent chloride permeability was inhibited by indanyloxyacetic acid-94 with an apparent IC(50) of 8.6 micrometer.	Chlorides	17-25	chloride intracellular channel 1	Bos taurus	0-6
10852925-8	2000	We conclude that the PDZ-interacting domain, in particular the leucine (position 0) and threonine (position -2) residues, are required for the efficient, polarized expression of CFTR in the apical plasma membrane, interaction of CFTR with EBP50, and for the ability of CFTR to mediate chloride secretion.	Chlorides	285-293	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	229-233
10852925-8	2000	We conclude that the PDZ-interacting domain, in particular the leucine (position 0) and threonine (position -2) residues, are required for the efficient, polarized expression of CFTR in the apical plasma membrane, interaction of CFTR with EBP50, and for the ability of CFTR to mediate chloride secretion.	Chlorides	285-293	SLC9A3 regulator 1	Homo sapiens	239-244
10852925-8	2000	We conclude that the PDZ-interacting domain, in particular the leucine (position 0) and threonine (position -2) residues, are required for the efficient, polarized expression of CFTR in the apical plasma membrane, interaction of CFTR with EBP50, and for the ability of CFTR to mediate chloride secretion.	Chlorides	285-293	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	229-233
12541710-0	2000	[Study on the analysis of NO2-, Br- and NO3- by ion chromatography in the presence of high mass concentration of chloride].	Chlorides	113-121	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	40-43
10974021-0	2000	Role of p38 in the regulation of renal cortical cyclooxygenase-2 expression by extracellular chloride.	Chlorides	93-101	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	8-11
10974021-0	2000	Role of p38 in the regulation of renal cortical cyclooxygenase-2 expression by extracellular chloride.	Chlorides	93-101	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	48-64
10974021-7	2000	Selective substitution of chloride led to increased COX-2 expression, whereas selective substitution of sodium had no effect.	Chlorides	26-34	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
10974021-11	2000	These results suggest that reduced extracellular chloride leads to increased COX-2 expression, which may be mediated by activation of a p38-dependent signaling pathway.	Chlorides	49-57	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	77-82
10974021-11	2000	These results suggest that reduced extracellular chloride leads to increased COX-2 expression, which may be mediated by activation of a p38-dependent signaling pathway.	Chlorides	49-57	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	136-139
10831588-2	2000	Genetic evidence suggests their involvement in transepithelial transport of chloride in distal nephron segments; ClC-K1 gene deletion leads to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in mice, and mutations of the hClC-Kb gene cause Bartter"s syndrome type III in humans.	Chlorides	76-84	chloride voltage-gated channel Kb	Homo sapiens	204-211
10960688-0	2000	Abnormal chloride and potassium conductances in cultured embryonic tongue muscle from trisomy 16 mouse.	Chlorides	9-17	reciprocal translocation, Chr 16, cytogenetic band C3-4; and Chr 17, cytogenetic band A2, Davisson 65	Mus musculus	86-96
10916075-2	2000	The disease is caused by inactivation of a renal chloride channel gene, CLCN5, that encodes a 746-amino acid protein with 12 to 13 transmembrane domains.	Chlorides	49-57	chloride voltage-gated channel 5	Homo sapiens	72-77
10938000-3	2000	In addition, we show that this vesicular glutamate transporter, VGLUT1, exhibits a conductance for chloride that is blocked by glutamate.	Chlorides	99-107	solute carrier family 17 member 7	Homo sapiens	64-70
10940379-0	2000	Single-channel analysis of a ClC-2-like chloride conductance in cultured rat cortical astrocytes.	Chlorides	40-48	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Rattus norvegicus	29-34
10971638-9	2000	Thus, chloride-mediated inhibition, which appears in PBC neurons after P3, coincides with the appearance of GABAA-mediated modulation of the respiratory rhythm.	Chlorides	6-14	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	108-113
11001491-4	2000	However, with the introduction of more sensitive methods to measure CFTR cycling and submembrane localization, it might turn out to be a more general phenomenon that could contribute importantly to both the regulation of CFTR-mediated chloride transport itself and to the regulation of other transporters and CFTR-modulated cellular functions.	Chlorides	235-243	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	68-72
11001491-4	2000	However, with the introduction of more sensitive methods to measure CFTR cycling and submembrane localization, it might turn out to be a more general phenomenon that could contribute importantly to both the regulation of CFTR-mediated chloride transport itself and to the regulation of other transporters and CFTR-modulated cellular functions.	Chlorides	235-243	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	221-225
11001491-4	2000	However, with the introduction of more sensitive methods to measure CFTR cycling and submembrane localization, it might turn out to be a more general phenomenon that could contribute importantly to both the regulation of CFTR-mediated chloride transport itself and to the regulation of other transporters and CFTR-modulated cellular functions.	Chlorides	235-243	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	221-225
10930443-4	2000	Mice lacking IRF-1 expression have diminished epithelial NOS2 expression, as well as reduced NO-dependent chloride transport across the nasal epithelia.	Chlorides	106-114	interferon regulatory factor 1	Mus musculus	13-18
10981498-1	2000	We have been studying CFTR channels in guinea pig pancreatic duct cells and rather surprisingly found that luminal HCO3- had a pronounced inhibitory effect on cAMP-activated CFTR chloride currents.	Chlorides	179-187	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7	Cavia porcellus	22-26
10981498-1	2000	We have been studying CFTR channels in guinea pig pancreatic duct cells and rather surprisingly found that luminal HCO3- had a pronounced inhibitory effect on cAMP-activated CFTR chloride currents.	Chlorides	179-187	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7	Cavia porcellus	174-178
10913258-9	2000	The presence of a free C-terminal carboxyl group or an aromatic moiety at the same substrate position determines specific interactions with the ACE active site which is regulated by chloride and seems to distinguish the activities of both domains.	Chlorides	182-190	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	144-147
10922998-1	2000	BACKGROUND: Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) has been shown to induce chloride secretion through a nonadrenergic/noncholinergic neural pathway, mediated by a 5-HT(3) receptor.	Chlorides	76-84	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Rattus norvegicus	164-180
10930508-3	2000	Inhibition of forskolin-stimulated chloride secretion, as measured by the short-circuit current (Isc) technique, had an IC50 of 200-500 nM, which is 100-fold higher than for inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), but similar to the IC50 for inhibition of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK).	Chlorides	35-43	myosin light chain kinase	Homo sapiens	268-293
10930508-3	2000	Inhibition of forskolin-stimulated chloride secretion, as measured by the short-circuit current (Isc) technique, had an IC50 of 200-500 nM, which is 100-fold higher than for inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), but similar to the IC50 for inhibition of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK).	Chlorides	35-43	myosin light chain kinase	Homo sapiens	295-299
10930512-6	2000	We found a volume-sensitive increase of chloride permeability in ClC-2-expressing oocytes only.	Chlorides	40-48	chloride voltage-gated channel 2 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	65-70
10913251-0	2000	Structures of active and latent PAI-1: a possible stabilizing role for chloride ions.	Chlorides	71-79	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	32-37
10801833-10	2000	Thus, the inhibitory effect of EGF on carbachol-induced chloride secretion involves the activation of PKCepsilon mediated by PI 3-kinase.	Chlorides	56-64	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	31-34
10801833-10	2000	Thus, the inhibitory effect of EGF on carbachol-induced chloride secretion involves the activation of PKCepsilon mediated by PI 3-kinase.	Chlorides	56-64	protein kinase C epsilon	Homo sapiens	102-112
10801833-0	2000	A role for protein kinase cepsilon in the inhibitory effect of epidermal growth factor on calcium-stimulated chloride secretion in human colonic epithelial cells.	Chlorides	109-117	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	63-86
10801833-1	2000	Epidermal growth factor (EGF) inhibits carbachol-induced chloride secretion in T(84) colonic epithelial cells and has been shown to activate phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, leading to inhibition of a basolateral potassium conductance.	Chlorides	57-65	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	0-23
10801833-1	2000	Epidermal growth factor (EGF) inhibits carbachol-induced chloride secretion in T(84) colonic epithelial cells and has been shown to activate phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, leading to inhibition of a basolateral potassium conductance.	Chlorides	57-65	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	25-28
10877837-2	2000	CGRP caused a concentration-dependent increase in short circuit current (I(sc), EC(50) 21 nM), which was abolished in chloride-free buffer but was not blocked by CGRP(8-37) or tetrodotoxin (TTX).	Chlorides	118-126	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
10894785-9	2000	Model calculations indicate that if all of the chloride entry via AE1 recycles across a peritubular chloride channel and if this channel is anything other than highly selective for chloride, then it should conduct a substantial fraction of the bicarbonate exit.	Chlorides	47-55	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
10894785-9	2000	Model calculations indicate that if all of the chloride entry via AE1 recycles across a peritubular chloride channel and if this channel is anything other than highly selective for chloride, then it should conduct a substantial fraction of the bicarbonate exit.	Chlorides	100-108	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
10826917-3	2000	Iodide, bromide, thiocyanide and chloride effectively supplemented the MPO/H2O2 system, KI and NaCl being the most and the least effective supplements, respectively.	Chlorides	33-41	myeloperoxidase	Sus scrofa	71-74
10887282-4	2000	The influence of chloride and sulfate anions on the enzymatic activity of this fragment has been investigated, and kinetic parameters for hydrolysis of synthetic tripeptide substrates catalyzed by the N-domain of ACE have been determined.	Chlorides	17-25	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Bos taurus	213-216
10861298-1	2000	The PDS gene encodes a transmembrane protein, known as pendrin, which functions as a transporter of iodide and chloride.	Chlorides	111-119	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	4-7
10861298-1	2000	The PDS gene encodes a transmembrane protein, known as pendrin, which functions as a transporter of iodide and chloride.	Chlorides	111-119	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	55-62
10861298-5	2000	The mutations associated with Pendred syndrome have complete loss of pendrin-induced chloride and iodide transport, while alleles unique to people with DFNB4 are able to transport both iodide and chloride, albeit at a much lower level than wild-type pendrin.	Chlorides	85-93	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	69-76
10861298-5	2000	The mutations associated with Pendred syndrome have complete loss of pendrin-induced chloride and iodide transport, while alleles unique to people with DFNB4 are able to transport both iodide and chloride, albeit at a much lower level than wild-type pendrin.	Chlorides	196-204	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	152-157
11232828-2	2000	The reaction of copper(II) chloride with H2L1 leads not to a syn-anti carboxylate-bridged compound but to the chloride-bridged dinuclear complex [Cu(HL1)(mu-Cl)]2 (6).	Chlorides	27-35	dynein axonemal heavy chain 5	Homo sapiens	149-152
10850964-0	2000	Atrial natriuretic factor binding to its receptor is dependent on chloride concentration: A possible feedback-control mechanism in renal salt regulation.	Chlorides	66-74	natriuretic peptide A	Bos taurus	0-25
10850964-3	2000	In the present study, it was found that ANF binding to its receptor requires the presence of chloride and occurs in a chloride concentration-dependent manner.	Chlorides	93-101	natriuretic peptide A	Bos taurus	40-43
10850964-3	2000	In the present study, it was found that ANF binding to its receptor requires the presence of chloride and occurs in a chloride concentration-dependent manner.	Chlorides	118-126	natriuretic peptide A	Bos taurus	40-43
10850964-8	2000	ANF binding to the recombinant protein was chloride concentration-dependent over a range from 0.05 to 10 mmol/L, and a half-maximum binding was attained at approximately 0.6 mmol/L equivalent chloride concentration.	Chlorides	43-51	natriuretic peptide A	Bos taurus	0-3
10850964-8	2000	ANF binding to the recombinant protein was chloride concentration-dependent over a range from 0.05 to 10 mmol/L, and a half-maximum binding was attained at approximately 0.6 mmol/L equivalent chloride concentration.	Chlorides	192-200	natriuretic peptide A	Bos taurus	0-3
10850964-9	2000	Competitive-binding assays at several fixed concentrations of NaCl showed that lowering chloride concentration caused a decrease in maximum binding but did not alter K(d) values, suggesting that a loss of chloride turns off ANF binding rather than reducing affinity for ANF.	Chlorides	88-96	natriuretic peptide A	Bos taurus	224-227
10850964-9	2000	Competitive-binding assays at several fixed concentrations of NaCl showed that lowering chloride concentration caused a decrease in maximum binding but did not alter K(d) values, suggesting that a loss of chloride turns off ANF binding rather than reducing affinity for ANF.	Chlorides	205-213	natriuretic peptide A	Bos taurus	224-227
10850964-10	2000	Saturation-binding studies showed that excess ANF cannot overcome loss of binding caused by low chloride.	Chlorides	96-104	natriuretic peptide A	Bos taurus	46-49
10850964-11	2000	Chloride-dependent ANF-receptor binding may function as a feedback-control mechanism regulating the ANF-receptor action and, hence, renal sodium excretion.	Chlorides	0-8	natriuretic peptide A	Bos taurus	19-22
10850964-11	2000	Chloride-dependent ANF-receptor binding may function as a feedback-control mechanism regulating the ANF-receptor action and, hence, renal sodium excretion.	Chlorides	0-8	natriuretic peptide A	Bos taurus	100-103
10914983-1	2000	Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), the most common cause of hypercalcemia due to excessive secretion of PTH, is usually associated with hypophosphatemia and elevated serum chloride.	Chlorides	173-181	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	105-108
10959824-1	2000	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP and cGMP-regulated chloride channel critical to the regulation of intestinal fluid, chloride, and bicarbonate secretion.	Chlorides	92-100	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	4-55
10959824-1	2000	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP and cGMP-regulated chloride channel critical to the regulation of intestinal fluid, chloride, and bicarbonate secretion.	Chlorides	92-100	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	57-61
10908041-7	2000	Interestingly, chlomethiazole exhibited an IC(50) of approximately 2 micromol/L for inhibition of c-fos mRNA expression, indicating 25 to 75 times higher potency than reported EC(50) values for enhancing GABA(A) chloride currents.	Chlorides	212-220	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	98-103
10839959-1	2000	BACKGROUND: The chloride secretory response to serotonin (5-HT) has nonneural and neural mechanisms, the latter mediated through a 5-HT(3) receptor.	Chlorides	16-24	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Rattus norvegicus	131-147
10855628-0	2000	Decreased serum E-selectin concentration after 89Sr-chloride therapy for metastatic prostate cancer bone pain.	Chlorides	52-60	selectin E	Homo sapiens	16-26
10861847-1	2000	Exposure of an interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent murine T-cell line (CTLL-2) to mercuric chloride in in vitro culture induced a low but definite level of DNA synthesis in the absence of exogenous IL-2, and further enhanced the IL-2-induced DNA synthesis.	Chlorides	86-94	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	15-28
10861847-1	2000	Exposure of an interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent murine T-cell line (CTLL-2) to mercuric chloride in in vitro culture induced a low but definite level of DNA synthesis in the absence of exogenous IL-2, and further enhanced the IL-2-induced DNA synthesis.	Chlorides	86-94	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	30-34
10861847-1	2000	Exposure of an interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent murine T-cell line (CTLL-2) to mercuric chloride in in vitro culture induced a low but definite level of DNA synthesis in the absence of exogenous IL-2, and further enhanced the IL-2-induced DNA synthesis.	Chlorides	86-94	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	193-197
10861847-1	2000	Exposure of an interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent murine T-cell line (CTLL-2) to mercuric chloride in in vitro culture induced a low but definite level of DNA synthesis in the absence of exogenous IL-2, and further enhanced the IL-2-induced DNA synthesis.	Chlorides	86-94	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	193-197
10861847-5	2000	In contrast, by mercuric chloride stimulation, JNKs and c-Jun were preferentially phosphorylated, but no detectable level of phosphorylation was induced on JAKs and STATs.	Chlorides	25-33	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	56-61
10824147-8	2000	The doubly charged Lewis acid, [CyRu(eta2-(R, R)-Ph2PCHMeCHMe Ph2PO-P,O)(solvate)]2+ derived from the chloro complex by chloride abstraction with AgSbF6 gave modest ee"s (30%) in the Diels-Alder reaction of methacrolein with cyclopentadiene.	Chlorides	120-128	DNA polymerase iota	Homo sapiens	37-41
12531100-3	2000	CFTR regulates the volume and composition of airways surface liquid, primarily by controlling chloride ion transport.	Chlorides	94-106	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
10827943-1	2000	Halorhodopsin, an archaeal rhodopsin ubiquitous in Haloarchaea, uses light energy to pump chloride through biological membranes.	Chlorides	90-98	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	4-13
10843192-2	2000	Its product, designated pendrin, was shown to transport chloride and iodide.	Chlorides	56-64	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	24-31
10814547-6	2000	Purified recombinant human LPO and MPO, both with a molecular mass of about 80 kDa, showed properties similar to bovine LPO and human MPO, respectively, in terms of absorption spectrum, sensitivity to dapsone, specificity for chloride ions, and reactivity with anti-bovine LPO or anti-MPO antibodies.	Chlorides	226-234	lactoperoxidase	Homo sapiens	27-30
10814547-6	2000	Purified recombinant human LPO and MPO, both with a molecular mass of about 80 kDa, showed properties similar to bovine LPO and human MPO, respectively, in terms of absorption spectrum, sensitivity to dapsone, specificity for chloride ions, and reactivity with anti-bovine LPO or anti-MPO antibodies.	Chlorides	226-234	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	35-38
10788509-1	2000	The neuronal glycine transporter GLYT2 takes up glycine from the extracellular space by an electrogenic process where this neurotransmitter is co-transported with sodium and chloride ions.	Chlorides	174-182	glycoprotein alpha-galactosyltransferase 1 (inactive)	Homo sapiens	33-38
10775190-1	2000	In human spermatozoa, progesterone (P(4)) induces a depolarization of the plasma membrane, a rapid calcium (Ca(2+)) influx, and a chloride efflux.	Chlorides	130-138	solute carrier family 10 member 4	Homo sapiens	36-40
10812063-5	2000	M470, which on its own increases CFTR chloride transport activity when compared to V470-wildtype CFTR, suppressed the activity of R1235 in such a way that a protein with an open probability not significantly different from V470-wildtype CFTR was obtained.	Chlorides	38-46	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (ATP-binding cassette sub-family C, member 7)	Xenopus laevis	33-37
10853862-8	2000	The increased efflux of chloride after 4-phenylbutyrate treatment can be explained by the fact that 4-phenylbutyrate allows the deltaF508 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator to escape degradation and to be transported to the cell surface.	Chlorides	24-32	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	138-189
10853862-9	2000	Genistein and 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine act by stimulating chloride ion efflux by increasing the probability of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator being open.	Chlorides	68-76	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	125-176
10839360-5	2000	This suggests EphB2 may regulate ionic homeostasis and endolymph fluid production through macromolecular associations with membrane channels that transport chloride, bicarbonate, and water.	Chlorides	156-164	Eph receptor B2	Mus musculus	14-19
10779387-2	2000	For AQP1, inhibition by mercury has been attributed to the formation of a mercaptide bond with cysteine residue 189 found in the putative pore-forming region loop E. Here we show that the nonmercurial compound, tetraethylammonium (TEA) chloride, reduces the water permeability of human AQP1 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes.	Chlorides	236-244	aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group)	Homo sapiens	4-8
10773026-1	2000	The relative contributions of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 in mediating prostaglandin (PG)-dependent chloride secretion were investigated in segments of mouse colon mounted in Ussing-type diffusion chambers.	Chlorides	105-113	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	57-62
10793131-10	2000	These studies suggest that CLIC1, CLIC4, and CLIC5 play distinct roles in chloride transport and that CLIC5 interacts with the cortical actin cytoskeleton in polarized epithelial cells.	Chlorides	74-82	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	27-32
10793131-10	2000	These studies suggest that CLIC1, CLIC4, and CLIC5 play distinct roles in chloride transport and that CLIC5 interacts with the cortical actin cytoskeleton in polarized epithelial cells.	Chlorides	74-82	chloride intracellular channel 5	Homo sapiens	45-50
10777553-5	2000	Inhibition of either EGFR or ERK activation, with tyrphostin AG1478 (1 microM) and PD 98059 (20 microM), respectively, potentiated chloride secretory responses to TG, as measured by changes in short-circuit current (I(sc)) across T(84) cells.	Chlorides	131-139	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	21-25
10863998-3	2000	In the present study, whole-cell patch-clamp was used to determine if a CFTR-like chloride current (I(CFTR,card)) can also be activated in human subepicardial ventricular myocytes.	Chlorides	82-90	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	72-76
10863998-3	2000	In the present study, whole-cell patch-clamp was used to determine if a CFTR-like chloride current (I(CFTR,card)) can also be activated in human subepicardial ventricular myocytes.	Chlorides	82-90	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	102-106
10864003-6	2000	In the presence of calcium reconstituted ICln channels are more permeable to bromide than chloride, and more permeable to potassium than sodium.	Chlorides	90-98	chloride nucleotide-sensitive channel 1A pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	41-45
10777553-9	2000	The Src family kinase inhibitor, PP2 (20 nM-20 microM) attenuated CCh-stimulated EGFR and ERK phosphorylation and potentiated chloride secretory responses to CCh.	Chlorides	126-134	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	4-7
10777553-5	2000	Inhibition of either EGFR or ERK activation, with tyrphostin AG1478 (1 microM) and PD 98059 (20 microM), respectively, potentiated chloride secretory responses to TG, as measured by changes in short-circuit current (I(sc)) across T(84) cells.	Chlorides	131-139	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	29-32
10777553-9	2000	The Src family kinase inhibitor, PP2 (20 nM-20 microM) attenuated CCh-stimulated EGFR and ERK phosphorylation and potentiated chloride secretory responses to CCh.	Chlorides	126-134	neuropeptide Y receptor Y6 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	33-36
10744670-4	2000	We previously showed that p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (pHA) is the major product of L-tyrosine oxidation by the myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/chloride system of phagocytes.	Chlorides	146-154	lamin B receptor	Homo sapiens	55-58
10766781-2	2000	Myeloperoxidase is a heme enzyme of neutrophils that uses hydrogen peroxide to oxidize chloride to hypochlorous acid.	Chlorides	87-95	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
10766781-7	2000	In the presence of physiological concentrations of nitrite and chloride, myeloperoxidase catalyzed little nitration of tyrosyl residues in a heptapeptide.	Chlorides	63-71	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	73-88
12526550-4	2000	In CH2Cl2, 1 is stable up to 240 K. Above this temperature, the eta 2-H2 complex begins to convert into a mixture of trans- and cis-6, which, in turn, transform into the bridging-chloride dimers trans- and cis-[[(triphos)RhH]2(mu-Cl)2]2+ at room temperature.	Chlorides	179-187	DNA polymerase iota	Homo sapiens	64-69
12526550-4	2000	In CH2Cl2, 1 is stable up to 240 K. Above this temperature, the eta 2-H2 complex begins to convert into a mixture of trans- and cis-6, which, in turn, transform into the bridging-chloride dimers trans- and cis-[[(triphos)RhH]2(mu-Cl)2]2+ at room temperature.	Chlorides	179-187	suppressor of cytokine signaling 5	Homo sapiens	128-133
10766826-4	2000	Determination of the x-ray crystal structure of a myeloperoxidase-bromide complex (r = 0.243, free r = 0.296) has shown that this chloride ion can be replaced by bromide.	Chlorides	130-138	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	50-65
10771093-1	2000	The role of the phospholemman (PLM) on the efflux of taurine and chloride induced by swelling was studied in HEK293 cells overexpressing stable transfected PLM.	Chlorides	65-73	FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 1	Homo sapiens	16-29
10771093-1	2000	The role of the phospholemman (PLM) on the efflux of taurine and chloride induced by swelling was studied in HEK293 cells overexpressing stable transfected PLM.	Chlorides	65-73	FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 1	Homo sapiens	31-34
10753923-10	2000	These results suggest that parchorin generally plays a critical role in water-secreting cells, possibly through the regulation of chloride ion transport.	Chlorides	130-138	chloride intracellular channel protein 6	Oryctolagus cuniculus	27-36
10764632-0	2000	Perturbation by the PCB mixture aroclor 1254 of GABA(A) receptor-mediated calcium and chloride responses during maturation in vitro of rat neocortical cells.	Chlorides	86-94	pyruvate carboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
10744670-4	2000	We previously showed that p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (pHA) is the major product of L-tyrosine oxidation by the myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/chloride system of phagocytes.	Chlorides	146-154	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	112-127
10733936-8	2000	Considering its chloride ion sensitivity, Npt1 is expected to function for secretion of PAH from renal proximal tubular cells.	Chlorides	16-24	solute carrier family 17 member 1	Homo sapiens	42-46
10750022-4	2000	A non-radioactive in situ hybridization procedure has allowed us to detect the expression of the tilapia PRL-R in the branchial chloride cells and the intestinal mucosal layer of fresh water animals, confirming the direct control exerted by prolactin on the water and ionic exchanges in tilapia.	Chlorides	128-136	prolactin receptor	Oreochromis niloticus	105-110
10744628-2	2000	The dopamine transporter (DAT) mediates complex actions in recognizing cocaine and in recognizing and translocating dopamine, sodium, and chloride.	Chlorides	138-146	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	4-24
10744628-2	2000	The dopamine transporter (DAT) mediates complex actions in recognizing cocaine and in recognizing and translocating dopamine, sodium, and chloride.	Chlorides	138-146	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	26-29
10758093-0	2000	Histamine H(2) receptor activated chloride conductance in myenteric neurons from guinea pig small intestine.	Chlorides	34-42	histamine H2 receptor	Cavia porcellus	0-23
10731422-1	2000	Bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) crystallizes under acidic pH conditions in the presence of thiocyanate, chloride and sulfate ions, yielding three different polymorphs in P2(1), P6(4)22 and P6(3)22 space groups, respectively.	Chlorides	115-123	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	0-35
10727522-5	2000	Furthermore, frog oocytes exhibit a calcium-mediated chloride conductance in response to mammalian-selective lysophosphatidic acid mimetics after injection of Edg-7 mRNA.	Chlorides	53-61	lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3	Homo sapiens	159-164
10731422-1	2000	Bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) crystallizes under acidic pH conditions in the presence of thiocyanate, chloride and sulfate ions, yielding three different polymorphs in P2(1), P6(4)22 and P6(3)22 space groups, respectively.	Chlorides	115-123	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	37-41
10675242-7	2000	Compared to control monolayers, lipopolysaccharide, prostaglandin E2, IL-1alpha, and TNF-alpha decreased mucosal-to-serosal and net sodium and chloride fluxes and increased serosal-to-mucosal movement of sodium and unmeasured ions.	Chlorides	143-151	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	70-79
10718446-4	2000	This disease is characterized by abnormalities in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, which normally conducts bicarbonate and chloride exchange.	Chlorides	147-155	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	54-105
10681320-3	2000	Faropenem (an oral penem antibiotic) was transported via Npt1 with a Michaelis-Menten constant of 0.77 +/- 0.34 mM in a sodium-independent but chloride ion-sensitive manner.	Chlorides	143-151	solute carrier family 17 (sodium phosphate), member 1	Mus musculus	57-61
10681320-4	2000	When the concentration of chloride ions was increased, the transport activity of faropenem by Npt1 was decreased.	Chlorides	26-34	solute carrier family 17 (sodium phosphate), member 1	Mus musculus	94-98
10708577-0	2000	Chloride fluxes activated by parathyroid hormone in human erythrocytes.	Chlorides	0-8	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	29-48
10675242-7	2000	Compared to control monolayers, lipopolysaccharide, prostaglandin E2, IL-1alpha, and TNF-alpha decreased mucosal-to-serosal and net sodium and chloride fluxes and increased serosal-to-mucosal movement of sodium and unmeasured ions.	Chlorides	143-151	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	85-94
10741429-1	2000	Spontaneous, single channel, chloride currents were recorded in 48% of cell-attached patches on neurones in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices.	Chlorides	29-37	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
11229577-3	2000	The mercuric chloride complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1/c) with unit cell dimensions a = 8.5768(8) A, b = 19.1718(17) A, c = 8.5956(8) A, beta = 90.405 degrees, and V = 1413.4(2) A3.	Chlorides	13-21	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	73-79
10720936-0	2000	Pharmacologic restoration of delta F508 CFTR-mediated chloride current.	Chlorides	54-62	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	40-44
10720936-3	2000	Restoration of CFTR trafficking in vitro restores cAMP-mediated chloride transport at the cell surface.	Chlorides	64-72	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	15-19
10767179-0	2000	Studies on human porin XXI: gadolinium opens Up cell membrane standing porin channels making way for the osmolytes chloride or taurine-A putative approach to activate the alternate chloride channel in cystic fibrosis.	Chlorides	115-123	voltage dependent anion channel 1	Homo sapiens	17-22
10767179-0	2000	Studies on human porin XXI: gadolinium opens Up cell membrane standing porin channels making way for the osmolytes chloride or taurine-A putative approach to activate the alternate chloride channel in cystic fibrosis.	Chlorides	115-123	voltage dependent anion channel 1	Homo sapiens	71-76
10696802-1	2000	Excitatory amino acid transporter 5 (EAAT5) is a retina-specific glutamate transporter which has an associated chloride conductance.	Chlorides	111-119	solute carrier family 1 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	37-42
10690989-1	2000	OBJECTIVE: To determine the functional consequences of missense mutations within the skeletal muscle chloride channel gene CLCN1 that cause myotonia congenita.	Chlorides	101-109	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	123-128
10669486-6	2000	Recordings of reversed inhibitory postsynaptic currents with chloride-loaded electrodes showed that responses to VP persisted in media containing glutamate receptor antagonists but were abolished in the presence of tetrodotoxin.	Chlorides	61-69	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	113-115
10870673-1	2000	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme in neutrophils and monocytes which reacts with H2O2 and chloride to kill microbes after phagocytosis.	Chlorides	91-99	myeloperoxidase	Macaca nemestrina	0-15
10870673-1	2000	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme in neutrophils and monocytes which reacts with H2O2 and chloride to kill microbes after phagocytosis.	Chlorides	91-99	myeloperoxidase	Macaca nemestrina	17-20
10739383-0	2000	Oxidation of human alpha-thrombin by the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-chloride system: structural and functional effects.	Chlorides	62-70	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	25-33
10644771-4	2000	In contrast to normal ClC-1 channels that deactivate upon hyperpolarization, functional expression of G499R ClC-1 yielded a hyperpolarization-activated chloride current when measured in the presence of a high (134 mM) intracellular chloride concentration.	Chlorides	152-160	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	108-113
10644771-4	2000	In contrast to normal ClC-1 channels that deactivate upon hyperpolarization, functional expression of G499R ClC-1 yielded a hyperpolarization-activated chloride current when measured in the presence of a high (134 mM) intracellular chloride concentration.	Chlorides	232-240	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	108-113
11996112-3	2000	In this paper the reactions of lipids (preferentially unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol) with either reagent HOCl or HOCl generated by the MPO-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system are reviewed.	Chlorides	167-175	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	145-148
10646604-6	2000	This localization and the pharmacology, voltage-dependence and stimulation by cyclic AMP of KCNQ1/KCNE3 currents indicate that these proteins may assemble to form the potassium channel that is important for cyclic AMP-stimulated intestinal chloride secretion and that is involved in secretory diarrhoea and cystic fibrosis.	Chlorides	240-248	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1	Homo sapiens	92-97
10646604-6	2000	This localization and the pharmacology, voltage-dependence and stimulation by cyclic AMP of KCNQ1/KCNE3 currents indicate that these proteins may assemble to form the potassium channel that is important for cyclic AMP-stimulated intestinal chloride secretion and that is involved in secretory diarrhoea and cystic fibrosis.	Chlorides	240-248	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E regulatory subunit 3	Homo sapiens	98-103
10644529-0	2000	Human pendrin expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes mediates chloride/formate exchange.	Chlorides	59-67	solute carrier family 26 member 4 gene 3 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	6-13
10644505-0	2000	An ion transporter involved in congenital deafness focus on "human pendrin expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes mediates chloride/formate exchange".	Chlorides	120-128	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	67-74
10644529-8	2000	Furthermore, chloride stimulated the efflux of [(14)C]formate and formate stimulated the efflux of (36)Cl in oocytes expressing pendrin, results consistent with pendrin-mediated chloride/formate exchange.	Chlorides	13-21	solute carrier family 26 member 4 gene 3 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	161-168
10644529-8	2000	Furthermore, chloride stimulated the efflux of [(14)C]formate and formate stimulated the efflux of (36)Cl in oocytes expressing pendrin, results consistent with pendrin-mediated chloride/formate exchange.	Chlorides	178-186	solute carrier family 26 member 4 gene 3 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	128-135
10644529-8	2000	Furthermore, chloride stimulated the efflux of [(14)C]formate and formate stimulated the efflux of (36)Cl in oocytes expressing pendrin, results consistent with pendrin-mediated chloride/formate exchange.	Chlorides	178-186	solute carrier family 26 member 4 gene 3 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	161-168
10644529-9	2000	These data demonstrate that pendrin is functionally similar to the renal chloride/formate exchanger, which serves as an important mechanism of chloride transport in the proximal tubule.	Chlorides	73-81	solute carrier family 26 member 4 gene 3 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	28-35
11143973-8	2000	Thus, CLC-K2 constitutes an important route for chloride reabsorption as an exit for chloride ions in the basolateral membrane.	Chlorides	48-56	chloride voltage-gated channel Kb	Homo sapiens	6-12
10984130-1	2000	The phagocyte-derived enzyme myeloperoxidase has been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, because it catalyzes the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with chloride ions to give the highly toxic oxidant hypochlorous acid.	Chlorides	174-182	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	29-44
10845107-4	2000	Activation of renal receptors by uroguanylin stimulates urine flow and excretion of sodium, chloride, and potassium.	Chlorides	92-100	guanylate cyclase activator 2B	Homo sapiens	33-44
10845107-6	2000	The result is activation of CFTR and/or C1C-2 channel proteins to enhance the electrogenic secretion of chloride and bicarbonate.	Chlorides	104-112	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	28-32
10805914-0	2000	Effects of pH and chloride concentration on resonance Raman spectra of human myeloperoxidase and Raman microspectroscopic analysis of enzyme state in azurophilic granules.	Chlorides	18-26	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	77-92
11125210-8	2000	Regulation of ORCC by p56(lck) thus represents an alternative pathway of stimulating membrane chloride conductance that is left functional in cystic fibrosis.	Chlorides	94-102	cyclin dependent kinase like 2	Homo sapiens	22-25
11125210-8	2000	Regulation of ORCC by p56(lck) thus represents an alternative pathway of stimulating membrane chloride conductance that is left functional in cystic fibrosis.	Chlorides	94-102	LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	26-29
11125213-6	2000	In this review we would like to focus on the properties of ICln, a protein cloned from a Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell library whose expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes resulted in a nucleotide sensitive outwardly rectifying chloride current closely resembling the biophysical properties of IClswell.	Chlorides	234-242	methylosome subunit pICln	Canis lupus familiaris	59-63
10608505-3	2000	We also review the enzymology that points to myeloperoxidase having a number of physiologic substrates in addition to chloride and the evidence that it produces hypochlorous acid in the neutrophil phagosome in sufficient quantities to be bactericidal.	Chlorides	118-126	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	45-60
11143973-8	2000	Thus, CLC-K2 constitutes an important route for chloride reabsorption as an exit for chloride ions in the basolateral membrane.	Chlorides	85-93	chloride voltage-gated channel Kb	Homo sapiens	6-12
11143973-12	2000	In the CLC-K1 knockout mice, we could clearly verify that (i) the high chloride permeability in the tAL was mediated by CLC-K1 and (ii) this chloride transport is necessary for urinary concentration.	Chlorides	71-79	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive Ka	Mus musculus	7-13
11143973-12	2000	In the CLC-K1 knockout mice, we could clearly verify that (i) the high chloride permeability in the tAL was mediated by CLC-K1 and (ii) this chloride transport is necessary for urinary concentration.	Chlorides	71-79	talipes	Mus musculus	100-103
11068136-1	2000	The chloride homeostasis of neurons and non-neuronal cells is maintained in part by a voltage-sensitive inwardly rectifying chloride conductance through the chloride channel-2.	Chlorides	4-12	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	157-175
11068136-1	2000	The chloride homeostasis of neurons and non-neuronal cells is maintained in part by a voltage-sensitive inwardly rectifying chloride conductance through the chloride channel-2.	Chlorides	124-132	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	157-175
11068136-7	2000	Subcellular studies demonstrated that, in addition to astrocytes, chloride channel-2 was localized in the membrane of dendrites, dendritic spines, cell bodies and axon initial segments of neurons, frequently close to, or within active zones of, symmetrical synapses.Thus, chloride channel-2 appears to be involved in transmembrane chloride movements associated with GABAergic synaptic transmission.	Chlorides	66-74	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	272-290
11143973-12	2000	In the CLC-K1 knockout mice, we could clearly verify that (i) the high chloride permeability in the tAL was mediated by CLC-K1 and (ii) this chloride transport is necessary for urinary concentration.	Chlorides	71-79	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive Ka	Mus musculus	120-126
11143973-12	2000	In the CLC-K1 knockout mice, we could clearly verify that (i) the high chloride permeability in the tAL was mediated by CLC-K1 and (ii) this chloride transport is necessary for urinary concentration.	Chlorides	141-149	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive Ka	Mus musculus	7-13
11143973-12	2000	In the CLC-K1 knockout mice, we could clearly verify that (i) the high chloride permeability in the tAL was mediated by CLC-K1 and (ii) this chloride transport is necessary for urinary concentration.	Chlorides	141-149	talipes	Mus musculus	100-103
10994869-11	2000	Among the heme peroxidases, only chloroperoxidase (for example from Caldariomyces fumago) and mammalian myeloperoxidase are able to oxidize chloride ion.	Chlorides	140-148	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	104-119
10940786-10	2000	Mutations that partially reduce chloride conductance through CFTR (class IV) can be stimulated with milrinone, which is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor.	Chlorides	32-40	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	61-65
11191360-4	2000	SMC transport systems that regulate pHi include the Na+ - H+ transporter which regulates intracellular Na+ and H+ and aids in recovery from acid loads, and the Na+ -dependent and Na+ -independent Cl-/HCO3- transporters which regulate intracellular chloride.	Chlorides	248-256	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	36-39
10994869-18	2000	Also a recent clarification of the mechanism of reaction of myeloperoxidase with hydrogen peroxide and chloride along with accurate determination of the elementary rate constants will be discussed.	Chlorides	103-111	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	60-75
10690296-0	1999	Involvement of myosin light-chain kinase in chloride-sensitive Ca2+ influx in porcine aortic endothelial cells.	Chlorides	44-52	myosin light chain kinase	Homo sapiens	15-40
11058741-4	2000	In all subjects, blood glucose levels strongly affected fast oscillation amplitude, which reflects photoreceptor-driven changes in RPE cell chloride concentration.	Chlorides	140-148	ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase	Homo sapiens	131-134
10585877-0	1999	[13C]Methionine NMR and metal-binding studies of recombinant human transferrin N-lobe and five methionine mutants: conformational changes and increased sensitivity to chloride.	Chlorides	167-175	transferrin	Homo sapiens	67-78
10581361-13	1999	Stimulation by PKA of the insertion of CFTR containing vesicles into the plasma membrane as part of the mechanism of stimulation of chloride secretion has been reported, as has an influence of CFTR on the balance between endocytosis and exocytosis but these findings have not been universally confirmed.	Chlorides	132-140	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	39-43
10600920-16	1999	Several parallel pathways appear to be synergistic in activating chloride secretion stimulated by CNP in the rectal gland.	Chlorides	65-73	2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens	98-101
10690296-3	1999	RESULTS: Bradykinin and thapsigargin significantly decreased the MQAE fluorescence intensity, which indicates increased [Cl-]i; these changes were reversed by removal of extracellular chloride (Cl-o) and were significantly inhibited by Cl(-)-channel inhibitor N-phenylanthranilic acid but not by Na(+)-K(+)-Cl- cotransport inhibitor furosemide.	Chlorides	184-192	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	9-19
10690296-3	1999	RESULTS: Bradykinin and thapsigargin significantly decreased the MQAE fluorescence intensity, which indicates increased [Cl-]i; these changes were reversed by removal of extracellular chloride (Cl-o) and were significantly inhibited by Cl(-)-channel inhibitor N-phenylanthranilic acid but not by Na(+)-K(+)-Cl- cotransport inhibitor furosemide.	Chlorides	194-198	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	9-19
10690296-6	1999	Bradykinin and thapsigargin provoked large increases in [Ca2+]i, which were significantly diminished by removal of Cl-o and by pretreatment with the Cl(-)-channel inhibitor N-phenylanthranilic acid.	Chlorides	115-119	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
10631599-1	1999	The heme group of myeloperoxidase shows anomalous optical properties, and the enzyme possesses the unique ability to catalyze the oxidation of chloride.	Chlorides	143-151	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	18-33
10559226-0	1999	Molecular chlorine generated by the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system of phagocytes produces 5-chlorocytosine in bacterial RNA.	Chlorides	70-78	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	36-51
10559227-0	1999	ErbB2 and ErbB3 receptors mediate inhibition of calcium-dependent chloride secretion in colonic epithelial cells.	Chlorides	66-74	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
10559393-2	1999	Recently, ClC-2 was proposed to play a role in stabilizing the chloride equilibrium potential near or below the resting membrane potential in neurons expressing ligand-gated chloride channels.	Chlorides	63-71	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Rattus norvegicus	10-15
10559227-0	1999	ErbB2 and ErbB3 receptors mediate inhibition of calcium-dependent chloride secretion in colonic epithelial cells.	Chlorides	66-74	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 3	Homo sapiens	10-15
10559227-1	1999	We have previously demonstrated that epidermal growth factor (EGF) inhibits calcium-dependent chloride secretion via a mechanism involving stimulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K).	Chlorides	94-102	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	37-60
10559227-1	1999	We have previously demonstrated that epidermal growth factor (EGF) inhibits calcium-dependent chloride secretion via a mechanism involving stimulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K).	Chlorides	94-102	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	62-65
10559227-1	1999	We have previously demonstrated that epidermal growth factor (EGF) inhibits calcium-dependent chloride secretion via a mechanism involving stimulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K).	Chlorides	94-102	phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1	Homo sapiens	154-183
10559227-9	1999	We conclude that ErbB2 and ErbB3 are expressed in T(84) cells and are functionally coupled to inhibition of calcium-dependent chloride secretion.	Chlorides	126-134	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	17-22
10559227-9	1999	We conclude that ErbB2 and ErbB3 are expressed in T(84) cells and are functionally coupled to inhibition of calcium-dependent chloride secretion.	Chlorides	126-134	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 3	Homo sapiens	27-32
10535753-8	1999	The inhibitory effect of chloride on 5-CHO-THF influx observed for L1210 cells was eliminated in the MTXrA-S309F line.	Chlorides	25-33	thin fur	Mus musculus	43-46
10562330-0	1999	Basolateral proteinase-activated receptor (PAR-2) induces chloride secretion in M-1 mouse renal cortical collecting duct cells.	Chlorides	58-66	pulmonary adenoma resistance 2	Mus musculus	43-48
10545179-1	1999	AE1, the chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger of the erythrocyte plasma membrane, is highly sensitive to inhibition by stilbene disulfonate compounds such as DIDS (4,4"-diisothiocyanostilbene-2, 2"-disulfonate) and DNDS (4,4"-dinitrostilbene-2,2"-disulfonate).	Chlorides	9-17	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-3
10555981-4	1999	Replacing the C-terminal part of the R domain (amino acids 780-830) by the MDR1 linker domain resulted in the appearance of PKA-dependent whole cell chloride currents which were not significantly different from wild-type CFTR currents.	Chlorides	149-157	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	75-79
10556530-0	1999	Vasopressin stimulates long-term net chloride secretion in cortical collecting duct cells.	Chlorides	37-45	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
10556530-1	1999	The classical short-term effect (within minutes) of arginine vasopressin (AVP) consists in increasing sodium, chloride and water transport in kidney cells.	Chlorides	110-118	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	61-72
10562297-1	1999	Polarization of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-activated chloride channel, to the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells is critical for vectorial transport of chloride in a variety of epithelia, including the airway, pancreas, intestine, and kidney.	Chlorides	97-105	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	20-71
10556530-1	1999	The classical short-term effect (within minutes) of arginine vasopressin (AVP) consists in increasing sodium, chloride and water transport in kidney cells.	Chlorides	110-118	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
10556530-3	1999	The present study demonstrates that AVP is also responsible for a long-term increase in net chloride secretion.	Chlorides	92-100	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	36-39
10556530-5	1999	This delayed effect of AVP was inhibited by basal addition of 10(-4) M bumetanide and apical addition of 10(-4) M glibenclamide, suggesting chloride entry at the basal membrane through a Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(-) and apical secretion through a chloride conductance.	Chlorides	140-148	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
10556530-7	1999	This procedure led to a complete and specific blocking of the long-term net chloride secretion induced by AVP.	Chlorides	76-84	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	106-109
10556530-9	1999	Besides the well-documented short-term effect of AVP on chloride transport, these results provide evidence that in RCCD(1) cells, AVP induces a delayed increase in transepithelial net chloride secretion that is mediated by a Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(-) co-transporter and CFTR.	Chlorides	56-64	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	130-133
10556530-9	1999	Besides the well-documented short-term effect of AVP on chloride transport, these results provide evidence that in RCCD(1) cells, AVP induces a delayed increase in transepithelial net chloride secretion that is mediated by a Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(-) co-transporter and CFTR.	Chlorides	184-192	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	130-133
10556530-9	1999	Besides the well-documented short-term effect of AVP on chloride transport, these results provide evidence that in RCCD(1) cells, AVP induces a delayed increase in transepithelial net chloride secretion that is mediated by a Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(-) co-transporter and CFTR.	Chlorides	184-192	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	262-266
10564101-1	1999	Guanylin and uroguanylin are intestinal peptides that stimulate guanylate cyclase C and cause chloride secretion.	Chlorides	94-102	guanylate cyclase activator 2A	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
10533075-0	1999	Identification of three novel mutations in the major human skeletal muscle chloride channel gene (CLCN1), causing myotonia congenita.	Chlorides	75-83	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	98-103
10562297-1	1999	Polarization of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-activated chloride channel, to the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells is critical for vectorial transport of chloride in a variety of epithelia, including the airway, pancreas, intestine, and kidney.	Chlorides	97-105	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	73-77
10562297-6	1999	We propose that COOH-terminal deletions of CFTR, which represent about 10% of CFTR mutations, result in defective vectorial chloride transport, partly by altering the polarized distribution of CFTR in epithelial cells.	Chlorides	124-132	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	43-47
10562297-6	1999	We propose that COOH-terminal deletions of CFTR, which represent about 10% of CFTR mutations, result in defective vectorial chloride transport, partly by altering the polarized distribution of CFTR in epithelial cells.	Chlorides	124-132	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	78-82
10562297-6	1999	We propose that COOH-terminal deletions of CFTR, which represent about 10% of CFTR mutations, result in defective vectorial chloride transport, partly by altering the polarized distribution of CFTR in epithelial cells.	Chlorides	124-132	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	78-82
10612454-3	1999	The results of these studies show that TRH may facilitate GABA action by augmenting chloride ion influx and hyperpolarization of cerebellar neurons.	Chlorides	84-92	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
10457081-11	1999	The results suggest that 5-HT1B- and 5-HT2B-mediated responses were mainly due to chloride and bicarbonate secretion, respectively.	Chlorides	82-90	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B	Rattus norvegicus	25-31
10516209-0	1999	CFTR involvement in chloride, bicarbonate, and liquid secretion by airway submucosal glands.	Chlorides	20-28	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
10555568-6	1999	On the assumption that the chloride equilibrium potential in renin-secreting cells is more positive than the membrane potential, our findings would suggest that the inhibitory effect of ANGII is enhanced when chloride entry is blocked and attenuated when chloride efflux is impaired.	Chlorides	27-35	renin	Rattus norvegicus	61-66
10555568-6	1999	On the assumption that the chloride equilibrium potential in renin-secreting cells is more positive than the membrane potential, our findings would suggest that the inhibitory effect of ANGII is enhanced when chloride entry is blocked and attenuated when chloride efflux is impaired.	Chlorides	27-35	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	186-191
10555568-6	1999	On the assumption that the chloride equilibrium potential in renin-secreting cells is more positive than the membrane potential, our findings would suggest that the inhibitory effect of ANGII is enhanced when chloride entry is blocked and attenuated when chloride efflux is impaired.	Chlorides	209-217	renin	Rattus norvegicus	61-66
10555568-6	1999	On the assumption that the chloride equilibrium potential in renin-secreting cells is more positive than the membrane potential, our findings would suggest that the inhibitory effect of ANGII is enhanced when chloride entry is blocked and attenuated when chloride efflux is impaired.	Chlorides	209-217	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	186-191
10555568-6	1999	On the assumption that the chloride equilibrium potential in renin-secreting cells is more positive than the membrane potential, our findings would suggest that the inhibitory effect of ANGII is enhanced when chloride entry is blocked and attenuated when chloride efflux is impaired.	Chlorides	209-217	renin	Rattus norvegicus	61-66
10555568-6	1999	On the assumption that the chloride equilibrium potential in renin-secreting cells is more positive than the membrane potential, our findings would suggest that the inhibitory effect of ANGII is enhanced when chloride entry is blocked and attenuated when chloride efflux is impaired.	Chlorides	209-217	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	186-191
10516175-3	1999	The most likely candidates for the genes that encode the cAMP- and swelling-activated chloride conductances in the heart are an alternatively spliced variant of CFTR and ClC-3, respectively.	Chlorides	86-94	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Oryctolagus cuniculus	161-165
10516175-3	1999	The most likely candidates for the genes that encode the cAMP- and swelling-activated chloride conductances in the heart are an alternatively spliced variant of CFTR and ClC-3, respectively.	Chlorides	86-94	H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	170-175
10516175-6	1999	The level of CFTR mRNA was closely correlated with the density of cAMP-activated chloride conductances in different regions of the heart, with the level of CFTR mRNA being three times higher in the subepicardium than in the subendocardium.	Chlorides	81-89	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Oryctolagus cuniculus	13-17
10488073-14	1999	Our results provide evidence that substituted benzo[c]quinolizinium compounds are a novel family of activators of CFTR and of CFTR-mediated protein secretion and therefore represent a new tool to study CFTR-mediated chloride and secretory functions in epithelial tissues.	Chlorides	216-224	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cricetulus griseus	114-118
10488073-14	1999	Our results provide evidence that substituted benzo[c]quinolizinium compounds are a novel family of activators of CFTR and of CFTR-mediated protein secretion and therefore represent a new tool to study CFTR-mediated chloride and secretory functions in epithelial tissues.	Chlorides	216-224	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cricetulus griseus	126-130
10488073-14	1999	Our results provide evidence that substituted benzo[c]quinolizinium compounds are a novel family of activators of CFTR and of CFTR-mediated protein secretion and therefore represent a new tool to study CFTR-mediated chloride and secretory functions in epithelial tissues.	Chlorides	216-224	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cricetulus griseus	126-130
10457081-11	1999	The results suggest that 5-HT1B- and 5-HT2B-mediated responses were mainly due to chloride and bicarbonate secretion, respectively.	Chlorides	82-90	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Rattus norvegicus	37-43
10512631-1	1999	The effect of anion binding on iodopsin, the chicken red-sensitive cone visual pigment, was studied by measurements of the Fourier transform infrared spectra of chloride- and nitrate-bound forms of iodopsin at 77 K. In addition to the blue shift of the absorption maximum upon substituting nitrate for chloride, the C=C stretching vibrations of iodopsin and its photoproducts were upshifted 5-6 cm(-)(1).	Chlorides	302-310	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	31-39
10512631-5	1999	These results suggest that binding of chloride changes the environment near the C(14) position of the chromophore, which could be one of the factors in the thermal reverse reaction of bathoiodopsin to iodopsin in the chloride-bound form.	Chlorides	38-46	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	189-197
10478873-2	1999	The protein coded by the CF gene (CFTR) is an apical chloride channel that regulates active chloride transport across epithelial cell membranes.	Chlorides	53-61	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	34-38
10512631-5	1999	These results suggest that binding of chloride changes the environment near the C(14) position of the chromophore, which could be one of the factors in the thermal reverse reaction of bathoiodopsin to iodopsin in the chloride-bound form.	Chlorides	217-225	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	189-197
10491143-0	1999	Location of the binding site for chloride ion activation of cathepsin C.	Chlorides	33-41	cathepsin C	Homo sapiens	60-71
10491143-1	1999	Cathepsin C, a tetrameric lysosomal dipeptidyl-peptide hydrolase, is activated by chloride ion.	Chlorides	82-90	cathepsin C	Homo sapiens	0-11
10491143-9	1999	Based on these results, a model is proposed to explain the chloride activation of cathepsin C.	Chlorides	59-67	cathepsin C	Homo sapiens	82-93
10525982-0	1999	Novel mutations in the muscle chloride channel CLCN1 gene causing myotonia congenita in Spanish families.	Chlorides	30-38	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	47-52
10482305-4	1999	In light of the important role of the MPO-H2O2-chloride system in human host defense, the relatively high prevalence of inherited MPO deficiency was an unanticipated insight provided by the widespread use of automated flow cytometry for the enumeration of leukocytes in clinical specimens.	Chlorides	47-55	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	38-41
10428871-1	1999	Mutations in human DRA cause congenital chloride diarrhea, thereby raising the possibility that it functions as a Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger.	Chlorides	40-48	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	19-22
10471280-1	1999	HbPresbyterian (beta 108Asn --> Lys, HbP) contains an additional positive charge (per alpha beta dimer) in the middle of the central cavity and exhibits a lower oxygen affinity than wild-type HbA in the presence of chloride.	Chlorides	218-226	heme binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
10519157-4	1999	These products of the MPO-H2O2-chloride system are powerful oxidants that can have profound biological effects.	Chlorides	31-39	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	22-25
10519157-8	1999	MPO and H2O2 also can be released to the outside of the cell where a reaction with chloride can induce damage to adjacent tissue and, thus, contribute to the pathogenesis of disease.	Chlorides	83-91	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-3
11207750-14	1999	Under anaerobic conditions, strain CKB can dismutate chlorite into chloride and O2, and is only the second organism shown to be capable of this metabolism.	Chlorides	67-75	creatine kinase B	Homo sapiens	35-38
10439474-0	1999	Arginine residue 120 of the human GABAA receptor alpha 1, subunit is essential for GABA binding and chloride ion current gating.	Chlorides	100-108	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha1	Homo sapiens	34-56
10447925-0	1999	Low-dose mercuric chloride induces resistance in brown norway rats to further mercuric chloride by up-regulation of interferon-gamma.	Chlorides	18-26	interferon gamma	Rattus norvegicus	116-132
10532708-5	1999	Since the basis of fluid secretion is an active efflux of ions such as chloride stimulated by a humoral agent, accompanied by a passive diffusion of water across a cell wall, I hypothesize that hCG is also a secretory hormone and responsible for fluid fluxes in the above and other clinical situations.	Chlorides	71-79	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	194-197
10494610-2	1999	The primary cellular defect, the reduced expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), leading to a chloride secretory defect, is present in all epithelial cells of endodermal and mesodermal origin and has been described in sweat glands, the airway epithelium and the small intestine, the colon and rectum, including the pancreas.	Chlorides	132-140	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	59-110
10494610-2	1999	The primary cellular defect, the reduced expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), leading to a chloride secretory defect, is present in all epithelial cells of endodermal and mesodermal origin and has been described in sweat glands, the airway epithelium and the small intestine, the colon and rectum, including the pancreas.	Chlorides	132-140	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	112-116
10443477-0	1999	cAMP-independent chloride secretion activated by a vasoactive intestinal peptide in a monolayer culture of human bronchial epithelial cells.	Chlorides	17-25	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	51-80
10419506-2	1999	Defective cAMP-stimulated chloride conductance of the plasma membrane of epithelial cell is the hallmark of cystic fibrosis (CF) and results from mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, CFTR.	Chlorides	26-34	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	163-214
10419506-2	1999	Defective cAMP-stimulated chloride conductance of the plasma membrane of epithelial cell is the hallmark of cystic fibrosis (CF) and results from mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, CFTR.	Chlorides	26-34	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	216-220
10407194-1	1999	The serotonin transporter (SERT) is a member of a highly homologous family of sodium/chloride dependent neurotransmitter transporters responsible for reuptake of biogenic amines from the extracellular fluid.	Chlorides	85-93	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	4-25
10407194-1	1999	The serotonin transporter (SERT) is a member of a highly homologous family of sodium/chloride dependent neurotransmitter transporters responsible for reuptake of biogenic amines from the extracellular fluid.	Chlorides	85-93	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
10535713-0	1999	Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2 activates chloride current in human airway epithelial cells.	Chlorides	55-63	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	39-44
10450015-7	1999	Evidence suggests that WT-CFTR plays a role in chloride secretion into the apical lumen of normal distal tubules.	Chlorides	47-55	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	26-30
10393704-4	1999	Conversion of alpha-amino acids to aldehydes requires hypochlorous acid (HOCl), formed from H2O2 and chloride by myeloperoxidase.	Chlorides	101-109	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	113-128
10393704-7	1999	Furthermore, Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), a chemically well-characterized AGE product, was generated on RNase A when it was exposed to reagent HOCl-serine, the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-chloride system plus L-serine, or activated human neutrophils plus L-serine.	Chlorides	190-198	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	113-120
10393704-7	1999	Furthermore, Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), a chemically well-characterized AGE product, was generated on RNase A when it was exposed to reagent HOCl-serine, the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-chloride system plus L-serine, or activated human neutrophils plus L-serine.	Chlorides	190-198	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	169-184
10418163-3	1999	It is known that in adult neurons intracellular chloride accumulation is prevented by a particular type of chloride channel, the ClC-2.	Chlorides	48-56	chloride voltage-gated channel 2 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	129-134
10418163-9	1999	Low expression of the full-length ClC-2 channel, could alter chloride homeostasis, lead to accumulation of [Cl-]i and thereby contribute to the depolarizing action of GABA and glycine during early development.	Chlorides	61-69	chloride voltage-gated channel 2 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	34-39
10352205-1	1999	Southeast Asian ovalocytosis (SAO) is the best-documented disease in which mutation in the anion exchanger-1 (AE1) causes decreased anion (chloride [Cl-]/bicarbonate [HCO3-]) transport.	Chlorides	139-147	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	91-108
10340929-8	1999	Finally, either infection with adenoviral vectors or transfection with cationic lipid:plasmid DNA complexes encoding CFTR significantly increased chloride (Cl-) permeability, as assessed using the 6-methoxy-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-quinolinium (SPQ) fluorescence assay, indicating restoration of functional CFTR Cl- channel activity.	Chlorides	146-154	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	117-121
10352205-1	1999	Southeast Asian ovalocytosis (SAO) is the best-documented disease in which mutation in the anion exchanger-1 (AE1) causes decreased anion (chloride [Cl-]/bicarbonate [HCO3-]) transport.	Chlorides	139-147	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	110-113
10229679-1	1999	In the presence of ATP, genistein, like the ATP analogue adenosine 5"-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate (pp[NH]pA), increases cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride currents by prolonging open times.	Chlorides	182-190	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	123-174
10537232-1	1999	Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is thought to play a role in renal regulation of salt balance by reducing tubular reabsorption of sodium and chloride.	Chlorides	142-150	natriuretic peptide type A	Mus musculus	0-26
10537232-1	1999	Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is thought to play a role in renal regulation of salt balance by reducing tubular reabsorption of sodium and chloride.	Chlorides	142-150	natriuretic peptide type A	Mus musculus	28-31
10537232-10	1999	We conclude that the absence of endogenous ANP activity in mice on a high-salt diet subjected to acute saline infusion causes inappropriately high reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the medullary collecting duct, resulting in a relative defect in renal excretory capacity for salt.	Chlorides	174-182	natriuretic peptide type A	Mus musculus	43-46
10229679-1	1999	In the presence of ATP, genistein, like the ATP analogue adenosine 5"-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate (pp[NH]pA), increases cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride currents by prolonging open times.	Chlorides	182-190	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	176-180
10229679-9	1999	These observations provide the first direct biochemical evidence that genistein interacts with CFTR, thus inhibiting NBF-2 activity, and suggest a similar mechanism for genistein-dependent stimulation of CFTR chloride currents.	Chlorides	209-217	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	204-208
10198254-6	1999	It was recently shown that CFTR-mediated chloride currents can be regulated by syntaxin 1A, a t-SNARE family member, through direct protein-protein interaction.	Chlorides	41-49	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	27-31
10224234-10	1999	Inhibition of the downstream consequences of ST-GCC interaction reflects proximal disruption of cGMP production because 8-bromo-cGMP stimulated chloride current and water secretion in 2ClAdo-treated cells.	Chlorides	144-152	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	48-51
10225418-0	1999	Aging-associated down-regulation of ClC-1 expression in skeletal muscle: phenotypic-independent relation to the decrease of chloride conductance.	Chlorides	124-132	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-41
10318793-3	1999	The chloride current is activated in the absence of M2 receptor stimulation by the injection of PIP3, and PIP3 current activation is blocked by a pseudosubstrate inhibitory peptide of atypical PKC but not other PKCs.	Chlorides	4-12	protein kinase C zeta	Homo sapiens	193-196
10224099-4	1999	One alpha5 mutant (bearing P162T, E200G, and T204S) exhibited properties similar to that of the alpha1 subunit, notably high affinity zolpidem binding and potentiation by zolpidem of GABA-induced chloride current.	Chlorides	196-204	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	96-102
10436405-7	1999	EGF significantly decreased the lumen-to-bath isotope flux of sodium and chloride from 93.6+/-12.5 to 61.1+/-9.6 pmol/mm/min (n = 5, p<0.05) and from 86.6+/-10.0 to 54.	Chlorides	73-81	pro-epidermal growth factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-3
10436405-13	1999	In conclusion, EGF depolarizes transepithelial voltage by inhibiting sodium transport primarily and potassium and chloride transport secondarily.	Chlorides	114-122	pro-epidermal growth factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	15-18
10198254-6	1999	It was recently shown that CFTR-mediated chloride currents can be regulated by syntaxin 1A, a t-SNARE family member, through direct protein-protein interaction.	Chlorides	41-49	syntaxin 1A	Homo sapiens	79-90
10085024-1	1999	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) catalyzes the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with chloride ion to produce hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which is used for microbial killing by phagocytic cells.	Chlorides	71-79	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	0-15
10198364-2	1999	Although the function of CFTR is primarily related to the regulation of apical membrane chloride permeability, biochemical, immunocytochemical, and functional studies indicate that CFTR is also present in endosomal and trans Golgi compartments.	Chlorides	88-96	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	25-29
10198364-2	1999	Although the function of CFTR is primarily related to the regulation of apical membrane chloride permeability, biochemical, immunocytochemical, and functional studies indicate that CFTR is also present in endosomal and trans Golgi compartments.	Chlorides	88-96	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	181-185
11715942-3	1999	In the lung, the loss of CFTR activity results in abnormal epithelial ion transport, including defective cyclic AMP-mediated chloride (Cl-) efflux and the hyper absorption of sodium ions.	Chlorides	125-133	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	25-29
11715942-3	1999	In the lung, the loss of CFTR activity results in abnormal epithelial ion transport, including defective cyclic AMP-mediated chloride (Cl-) efflux and the hyper absorption of sodium ions.	Chlorides	125-133	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	112-115
10085024-1	1999	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) catalyzes the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with chloride ion to produce hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which is used for microbial killing by phagocytic cells.	Chlorides	71-79	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	17-20
10419013-9	1999	We propose a model based on the present and previous studies [1] with Leydig tumour (MA10) cells i.e. that intracellular chloride ion depletion enhances the action of cAMP on protein synthesis which results in increased synthesis of the Steroidogenic Acute Regulator (StAR) protein and consequently increased steroidogenesis.	Chlorides	121-129	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Mus musculus	268-272
10417984-9	1999	The present results strongly suggest that tagetone affected the function of GABAA receptor in a complex way: on the one hand it impaired FNTZ binding: on the other hand tagetone improved both the coupling between FNTZ and GABA binding sites and it enhanced GABA-induced chloride permeability.	Chlorides	270-278	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor gamma3 subunit	Gallus gallus	76-90
10192399-7	1999	The rates of transport for iodide and chloride were significantly increased following the expression of pendrin in both cell systems.	Chlorides	38-46	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	104-111
10192399-8	1999	Our results demonstrate that pendrin functions as a transporter of chloride and iodide, but not sulfate, and may provide insight into thyroid physiology and the pathophysiology of Pendred syndrome.	Chlorides	67-75	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	29-36
10503604-1	1999	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inheritable disorder characterized by defective epithelial chloride transport and progressive lung disease, caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene.	Chlorides	86-94	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	162-200
10503604-1	1999	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inheritable disorder characterized by defective epithelial chloride transport and progressive lung disease, caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene.	Chlorides	86-94	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	202-206
10090760-2	1999	Chloride can be replaced functionally by a small number of anionic cofactors (Br-, NO3-, NO2-, I-), but among these anions, only Br- is capable of restoring rates of oxygen evolution comparable to those observed with Cl-.	Chlorides	0-8	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	83-86
10075649-4	1999	The data suggest that two CFTR molecules interact together to form a single conductance pore for chloride ions.	Chlorides	97-105	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	26-30
10459902-1	1999	BACKGROUND: We and others have previously reported significant changes in chloride transport after cationic-lipid-mediated transfer of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene to the nasal epithelium of patients with cystic fibrosis.	Chlorides	74-82	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	139-190
10459902-1	1999	BACKGROUND: We and others have previously reported significant changes in chloride transport after cationic-lipid-mediated transfer of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene to the nasal epithelium of patients with cystic fibrosis.	Chlorides	74-82	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	192-196
10459902-13	1999	INTERPRETATION: Cationic-lipid-mediated CFTR gene transfer can significantly influence the underlying chloride defect in the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis.	Chlorides	102-110	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	40-44
10075649-0	1999	A single conductance pore for chloride ions formed by two cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator molecules.	Chlorides	30-38	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	58-109
10072771-6	1999	Heterologous expression of mCaCC in Xenopus oocytes elicits membrane currents that are anion-selective and inhibited by DIDS and by niflumic acid, a blocker of the endogenous chloride current in oocytes.	Chlorides	175-183	chloride channel accessory 3A1	Mus musculus	27-32
10037693-3	1999	This result suggests the involvement of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride current in the electrophysiological effects of beta3-adrenoceptor stimulation in non-cystic fibrosis tissues.	Chlorides	99-107	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	40-91
10037693-3	1999	This result suggests the involvement of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride current in the electrophysiological effects of beta3-adrenoceptor stimulation in non-cystic fibrosis tissues.	Chlorides	99-107	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	93-97
10037693-3	1999	This result suggests the involvement of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride current in the electrophysiological effects of beta3-adrenoceptor stimulation in non-cystic fibrosis tissues.	Chlorides	99-107	adrenoceptor beta 3	Homo sapiens	155-173
10051107-1	1999	Modulation of GABA function following 1 week oral administration of flurazepam (FZP) was investigated in chloride-loaded, rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.	Chlorides	105-113	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
10037758-1	1999	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) is the chloride/bicarbonate exchange protein of the erythrocyte membrane.	Chlorides	31-39	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-17
10037758-1	1999	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) is the chloride/bicarbonate exchange protein of the erythrocyte membrane.	Chlorides	31-39	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	19-22
10072771-7	1999	The identification of genes belonging to the CaCC family will help to evaluate their role as ion channels or channel regulators and their actual contribution to epithelial chloride transport.	Chlorides	172-180	chloride channel accessory 3A1	Mus musculus	45-49
10070111-6	1999	Mice lacking iNOS expression [NOS2(-/-)] also had a decreased chloride-secretory response compared with control mice.	Chlorides	62-70	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	13-17
9895241-2	1999	Apart from this role of being a substrate for the MPO-reaction the chloride anion has been considered as unreactive and has not been implicated in radical reactions which contribute to the killing process.	Chlorides	67-81	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	50-53
10325907-1	1999	The diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) is based on the occurrence of two mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene and on assays that measure the basic defect of abnormal chloride transport in the affected organs.	Chlorides	209-217	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	89-140
10325907-1	1999	The diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) is based on the occurrence of two mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene and on assays that measure the basic defect of abnormal chloride transport in the affected organs.	Chlorides	209-217	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	142-146
9920902-1	1999	AE1 is the chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger of the erythrocyte plasma membrane.	Chlorides	11-19	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-3
10079105-1	1999	The neuropeptide neurotensin mediates several intestinal functions, including chloride secretion, motility, and cellular growth.	Chlorides	78-86	pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide	Rattus norvegicus	4-16
10079105-1	1999	The neuropeptide neurotensin mediates several intestinal functions, including chloride secretion, motility, and cellular growth.	Chlorides	78-86	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	17-28
9925879-2	1999	To investigate whether the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) interacts with volume regulated anion channels (VRACs), we measured the volume-activated chloride current (ICl,swell) using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique in calf pulmonary artery endothelial (CPAE) cells and in COS cells transiently transfected with wild-type (WT) CFTR and the deletion mutant DeltaF508 CFTR.	Chlorides	175-183	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Bos taurus	27-78
9925879-2	1999	To investigate whether the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) interacts with volume regulated anion channels (VRACs), we measured the volume-activated chloride current (ICl,swell) using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique in calf pulmonary artery endothelial (CPAE) cells and in COS cells transiently transfected with wild-type (WT) CFTR and the deletion mutant DeltaF508 CFTR.	Chlorides	175-183	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Bos taurus	80-84
10193578-3	1999	Chloride, iodide, bromide, and the thiocyanate anions were effective complements of the MPO/H2O2 system.	Chlorides	0-8	myeloperoxidase	Equus caballus	88-91
9889397-4	1999	The anionic selectivity determined from the kinetics of light scattering indicates that the chloride pathway is also highly permeable for NO-2 and NO-3.	Chlorides	92-100	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	147-151
10048594-11	1999	This study has demonstrated that P2X7 receptor function can be markedly affected by a wide range of ions and that physiological concentrations of sodium and chloride ions, as well as divalent cations, contribute to the low potency of ATP as an agonist at this receptor.	Chlorides	157-165	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	33-46
9914402-1	1999	The cytosolic concentration of chloride correlates directly with renin secretion from renal juxtaglomerular granular (JG) cells.	Chlorides	31-39	renin	Rattus norvegicus	65-70
9914402-2	1999	In the present study, the mechanism by which chloride stimulates renin release was investigated in a preparation of permeabilized rat glomeruli with attached JG cells.	Chlorides	45-53	renin	Rattus norvegicus	65-70
9914402-3	1999	An isosmotic increase in the concentration of chloride by 129 mM stimulated renin release 16- to 20-fold.	Chlorides	46-54	renin	Rattus norvegicus	76-81
9914402-11	1999	The present data suggest that chloride stimulates renin release after entry of KCl into the renin secretory granules which results in swelling and release of renin.	Chlorides	30-38	renin	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
9914402-11	1999	The present data suggest that chloride stimulates renin release after entry of KCl into the renin secretory granules which results in swelling and release of renin.	Chlorides	30-38	renin	Rattus norvegicus	92-97
9914402-11	1999	The present data suggest that chloride stimulates renin release after entry of KCl into the renin secretory granules which results in swelling and release of renin.	Chlorides	30-38	renin	Rattus norvegicus	92-97
9989595-0	1999	Physiological production of singlet molecular oxygen in the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-chloride system.	Chlorides	81-89	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	60-75
9880541-5	1999	Like NCC27/CLIC1, CLIC3 is predominantly localized in the nucleus and stimulates chloride conductance when expressed in cells.	Chlorides	81-89	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	5-10
9880541-5	1999	Like NCC27/CLIC1, CLIC3 is predominantly localized in the nucleus and stimulates chloride conductance when expressed in cells.	Chlorides	81-89	chloride intracellular channel 3	Homo sapiens	18-23
9880541-7	1999	The observed interaction between CLIC3 and ERK7 is the first demonstration of a stable complex between a protein that activates chloride ion transport and a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family of signal transducers.	Chlorides	128-136	chloride intracellular channel 3	Homo sapiens	33-38
9880541-7	1999	The observed interaction between CLIC3 and ERK7 is the first demonstration of a stable complex between a protein that activates chloride ion transport and a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family of signal transducers.	Chlorides	128-136	mitogen-activated protein kinase 15	Homo sapiens	43-47
9920650-4	1999	After recombinant expression, homomeric alpha1(P250T) subunit channels showed a strong reduction of maximum whole-cell chloride currents and an altered desensitization, consistent with a prolonged recovery from desensitization.	Chlorides	119-127	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	40-45
10025589-0	1999	Do hippocampal CA1 neurones of the adult rat possess a slow inwardly-rectifying chloride conductance?	Chlorides	80-88	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
9882427-9	1999	Moreover, human bronchial epithelial cells (IB-3-1) defective in CFTR-mediated chloride transport were complemented with effective transport activity when transfected with nanospheres containing the CFTR transgene.	Chlorides	79-87	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	65-69
9873029-2	1999	Although ClC-5 was shown to be mainly expressed in endocytotic vesicles, expression of ClC-5 in Xenopus oocytes elicited chloride currents.	Chlorides	121-129	chloride voltage-gated channel 5	Homo sapiens	87-92
10593608-5	1999	At neutral pH, the rate constant for myeloperoxidase compound I reacting with serotonin is an order of magnitude larger than for its reaction with chloride, (2.2 +/- 0.2) x 10(6) M(-1) x s(-1).	Chlorides	147-155	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	37-52
10593608-6	1999	A direct competition of serotonin with chloride for myeloperoxidase compound I oxidation was observed.	Chlorides	39-47	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	52-67
10571950-3	1999	The disease gene (PDS) has been mapped to chromosome 7q22-q31, and encodes a chloride-iodide transport protein.	Chlorides	77-85	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	18-21
23889180-1	1999	Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is formed by the action of the enzyme myeloperoxidase on hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions.	Chlorides	104-112	myeloperoxidase	Bos taurus	63-78
9894014-7	1999	The reaction required myeloperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide, L-tyrosine, and chloride ion; it was inhibited by catalase or heme poisons, implicating hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase in the pathway.	Chlorides	74-82	catalase	Homo sapiens	108-116
10072102-0	1999	Effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide-27 (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) on chloride in HT29 cells studied by X-ray microanalysis.	Chlorides	120-128	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Homo sapiens	66-71
10072102-4	1999	Exposure of HT29 cells to pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide-27 (PACAP) caused a transient decrease in the cellular Cl and K concentrations, indicating (net) efflux of chloride.	Chlorides	184-192	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Homo sapiens	26-79
10072102-4	1999	Exposure of HT29 cells to pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide-27 (PACAP) caused a transient decrease in the cellular Cl and K concentrations, indicating (net) efflux of chloride.	Chlorides	184-192	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Homo sapiens	81-86
10072102-5	1999	The effect of PACAP is inhibited by somatostatin, which is known to inhibit cAMP-activated as well as calcium-activated chloride secretion and by U-73122, an inhibitor of phospholipase C. Alloxan, an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase, did not significantly affect the PACAP-induced loss of chloride.	Chlorides	120-128	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Homo sapiens	14-19
10072102-5	1999	The effect of PACAP is inhibited by somatostatin, which is known to inhibit cAMP-activated as well as calcium-activated chloride secretion and by U-73122, an inhibitor of phospholipase C. Alloxan, an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase, did not significantly affect the PACAP-induced loss of chloride.	Chlorides	287-295	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Homo sapiens	14-19
10072102-6	1999	The calcium-chelating agent EGTA inhibited the PACAP-induced loss of chloride, indicating the need for extracellular calcium ions.	Chlorides	69-77	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Homo sapiens	47-52
10072102-7	1999	Also vasointestinal polypeptide (VIP) caused a decrease of the cellular chloride concentration in HT29 cells.	Chlorides	72-80	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	33-36
10072102-8	1999	VIP-induced loss of chloride could be inhibited by pre-treating the cells with somatostatin or UK14,304, an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has been shown previously to inhibit purinergically activated chloride efflux.	Chlorides	20-28	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
10072102-8	1999	VIP-induced loss of chloride could be inhibited by pre-treating the cells with somatostatin or UK14,304, an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has been shown previously to inhibit purinergically activated chloride efflux.	Chlorides	202-210	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
9894014-2	1999	Our previous studies indicated that p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (pHA), the major product of L-tyrosine oxidation by the myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/chloride system of phagocytes, covalently modifies the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues at sites of inflammation.	Chlorides	154-162	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	120-135
10536878-5	1999	These data emphasize the hypothesis that ACE inhibitors act with mixed-type inhibition, which is consistent with their slow-tight binding to the ACE active center, also with binding of chloride on a critical lysine residue leading to a potential conformational change, and finally with the fact that ACE has two domains, each bearing one catalytic site.	Chlorides	185-193	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	41-44
10784377-3	1999	The aim of this study was to investigate whether the kinetics of low-density lipoprotein modification by the myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/chloride system in vitro conform to the established kinetics of hypochlorous acid formation and to compare the results with known in vivo data.	Chlorides	143-151	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	109-124
10784377-9	1999	In summary, low-density lipoprotein modification is affected by the myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/chloride system in a similar manner to hypochlorous acid production.	Chlorides	102-110	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	68-83
10704076-5	1999	The results indicate that NSAIDs can regulate both CFTR gene expression and the function of CFTR-related chloride transport, and suggest that NSAIDs act via multiple transduction pathways.	Chlorides	105-113	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	92-96
9922160-0	1998	Reaction of myeloperoxidase compound I with chloride, bromide, iodide, and thiocyanate.	Chlorides	44-52	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	12-27
10704075-11	1999	These findings suggest that the endothelial cell apoptosis induced by TNFalpha and cycloheximide is closely related to not only chloride ions, but also both NF-kappaB and caspase activation.	Chlorides	128-136	tumor necrosis factor	Bos taurus	70-78
10704075-12	1999	That is to say, there is a possibility that chloride ions or bicarbonate (pH) may play an important role in signal transduction such as NF-kappaB and caspase activation in the apoptosis induced by TNFalpha and cycloheximide.	Chlorides	44-52	tumor necrosis factor	Bos taurus	197-205
9916798-1	1999	CLC-K1 is a kidney-specific chloride channel that mediates transepithelial chloride transport in the thin ascending limb of Henle"s loop (tAL) in the inner medulla.	Chlorides	28-36	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive Ka	Mus musculus	0-6
9916798-1	1999	CLC-K1 is a kidney-specific chloride channel that mediates transepithelial chloride transport in the thin ascending limb of Henle"s loop (tAL) in the inner medulla.	Chlorides	28-36	talipes	Mus musculus	138-141
9891972-1	1998	In Xenopus oocytes with an endogenous calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor, a receptor activity modifying protein (RAMP1) enhancing CGRP stimulated chloride currents of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator was recently cloned [McLatchie, L.M.	Chlorides	159-167	receptor activity-modifying protein 1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	126-131
10063830-2	1999	Both these conditions are characterized by acquisition of specialized muscle functions, such as a large macroscopic chloride conductance (GCl), a parameter that is a target of growth hormone (GH)/IGF-I axis action on skeletal muscle.	Chlorides	116-124	germ cell-less, spermatogenesis associated 1	Mus musculus	138-141
10063830-2	1999	Both these conditions are characterized by acquisition of specialized muscle functions, such as a large macroscopic chloride conductance (GCl), a parameter that is a target of growth hormone (GH)/IGF-I axis action on skeletal muscle.	Chlorides	116-124	growth hormone	Mus musculus	176-190
10063830-2	1999	Both these conditions are characterized by acquisition of specialized muscle functions, such as a large macroscopic chloride conductance (GCl), a parameter that is a target of growth hormone (GH)/IGF-I axis action on skeletal muscle.	Chlorides	116-124	growth hormone	Mus musculus	192-194
10063830-2	1999	Both these conditions are characterized by acquisition of specialized muscle functions, such as a large macroscopic chloride conductance (GCl), a parameter that is a target of growth hormone (GH)/IGF-I axis action on skeletal muscle.	Chlorides	116-124	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	196-201
9922381-9	1999	An incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which alterations in an apical membrane chloride conductance could give rise to the various clinical manifestations of cystic fibrosis has prompted the suggestion that CFTR may also play a role in the normal function of certain intracellular compartments.	Chlorides	99-107	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	227-231
9922383-6	1999	- Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which accounts for the cAMP-regulated chloride conductance of airway epithelial cells.	Chlorides	156-164	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	71-109
9922383-6	1999	- Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which accounts for the cAMP-regulated chloride conductance of airway epithelial cells.	Chlorides	156-164	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	111-115
9922160-9	1998	SCN- is shown to be most effective in shifting the system myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide from the peroxidatic cycle to the halogenation cycle, whereas iodide is shown to be more effective than bromide which in turn is much more effective than chloride.	Chlorides	246-254	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	58-73
9811853-0	1998	Chloride is an allosteric effector of copper assembly for the yeast multicopper oxidase Fet3p: an unexpected role for intracellular chloride channels.	Chlorides	0-8	ferroxidase FET3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	88-93
9822685-8	1998	The discovery of mCLCA1 opens the door for further investigating the possible contribution of a Ca2+-sensitive chloride conductance to the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis.	Chlorides	111-119	chloride channel accessory 1	Mus musculus	17-23
9849891-3	1998	The macroscopic CFTR chloride conductance induced by phosphorylation was significantly enhanced in Xenopus oocytes injected with mRNA of H620Q but reduced in the E822K and E826K mutants compared to wild type CFTR.	Chlorides	21-29	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (ATP-binding cassette sub-family C, member 7)	Xenopus laevis	208-212
9849902-5	1998	In hypertonic medium (400 mosmol/ll), TFF1 and TFF3 were down-regulated, whereas TFF2 was up-regulated by elevated concentrations of sodium or chloride in MKN45.	Chlorides	143-151	trefoil factor 2	Homo sapiens	81-85
9838098-6	1998	In Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing rEAAT4, L-glutamate and other transporter substrates elicited a current predominantly carried by chloride ions.	Chlorides	134-142	solute carrier family 1 member 6	Rattus norvegicus	37-43
9843717-1	1998	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) functions as a low-conductance, cAMP-regulated chloride (Cl-) channel in a variety of cell types, such as exocrine epithelial cells.	Chlorides	110-118	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-55
9843717-1	1998	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) functions as a low-conductance, cAMP-regulated chloride (Cl-) channel in a variety of cell types, such as exocrine epithelial cells.	Chlorides	110-118	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
9856513-1	1998	Recent experiments in cultured cyst epithelial cells from kidneys of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) have shown that the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is present in the apical surface of these cells and mediates chloride (Cl-) and fluid secretion in vitro.	Chlorides	281-289	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	156-212
9856513-1	1998	Recent experiments in cultured cyst epithelial cells from kidneys of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) have shown that the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is present in the apical surface of these cells and mediates chloride (Cl-) and fluid secretion in vitro.	Chlorides	281-289	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	214-218
9849891-3	1998	The macroscopic CFTR chloride conductance induced by phosphorylation was significantly enhanced in Xenopus oocytes injected with mRNA of H620Q but reduced in the E822K and E826K mutants compared to wild type CFTR.	Chlorides	21-29	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (ATP-binding cassette sub-family C, member 7)	Xenopus laevis	16-20
9813087-0	1998	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-associated ATP release is controlled by a chloride sensor.	Chlorides	94-102	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-51
9827569-1	1998	The anion exchange protein AE1 is the most abundant membrane protein in human erythrocytes mediating the electroneutral chloride/bicarbonate exchange.	Chlorides	120-128	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	27-30
9813087-3	1998	CFTR-modulated ATP release was dependent on both cAMP activation and a gradient change in the extracellular chloride concentration.	Chlorides	108-116	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-4
9813087-8	1998	In summary, these findings suggest a novel chloride sensor mechanism by which CFTR is capable of responding to changes in the extracellular chloride concentration by modulating the activity of an unidentified ATP efflux pathway.	Chlorides	43-51	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	78-82
9813087-8	1998	In summary, these findings suggest a novel chloride sensor mechanism by which CFTR is capable of responding to changes in the extracellular chloride concentration by modulating the activity of an unidentified ATP efflux pathway.	Chlorides	140-148	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	78-82
9774471-1	1998	In this study, we provide evidence that the 33-residue carboxyl-terminal (Ct) region of the human erythrocyte chloride/bicarbonate exchanger, band 3, binds carbonic anhydrase II (CAII).	Chlorides	110-118	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	156-177
9799400-0	1998	alpha1-adrenoceptors antagonize activated chloride conductance of amphibian skin epithelium.	Chlorides	42-50	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	0-6
9815200-8	1998	Thiocyanate ion also effectively overcompensates for the rate retardation caused by Cl-; 10 mM SCN- is enough to decrease the effect of 0.5 M chloride ion to one-half.	Chlorides	142-150	sorcin	Homo sapiens	95-98
9823766-11	1998	In conclusion, taurine blocks the increase in [Ca2+]i due to LPS and significantly reduces TNF-alpha production by mechanisms involving chloride influx into the Kupffer cell.	Chlorides	136-144	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	91-100
9774471-1	1998	In this study, we provide evidence that the 33-residue carboxyl-terminal (Ct) region of the human erythrocyte chloride/bicarbonate exchanger, band 3, binds carbonic anhydrase II (CAII).	Chlorides	110-118	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	179-183
9774471-11	1998	This work indicates that CAII, the bicarbonate supplier, is directly coupled to band 3, the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger in red blood cells.	Chlorides	92-100	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	25-29
9763633-10	1998	Whole-cell patch-clamp studies demonstrated that neomycin and PKC blockers such as staurosporine and H7 inhibited volume-sensitive chloride currents.	Chlorides	131-139	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	62-65
10397471-8	1998	In culture media with low chloride ion concentrations, the stability of MHC was related to changes in pH.	Chlorides	26-34	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	72-75
9765228-12	1998	We conclude that CCh activates ERK in T84 cells via a mechanism involving transactivation of the EGFr, and that this pathway constitutes an inhibitory signaling pathway by which chloride secretory responses to CCh may be negatively regulated.	Chlorides	178-186	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	97-101
9763633-11	1998	The inhibitory effect of neomycin on chloride currents can be reversed by the PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate, 13-acetate (PMA).	Chlorides	37-45	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	78-81
9763633-12	1998	Moreover, the PKC inhibitor and PKC-alpha antibody, but not PKC-beta or PKC-gamma antibody, significantly attenuated the chloride currents.	Chlorides	121-129	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	14-17
9763633-12	1998	Moreover, the PKC inhibitor and PKC-alpha antibody, but not PKC-beta or PKC-gamma antibody, significantly attenuated the chloride currents.	Chlorides	121-129	protein kinase C, alpha	Mus musculus	32-41
9742209-8	1998	Chloride ion effects on the MPO-catalysed oxygenation of sulphides were also studied.	Chlorides	0-8	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	28-31
9742209-9	1998	Chloride acted as a substrate for MPO and as an activator in MPO-catalysed sulphoxidation.	Chlorides	0-8	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	34-37
9742209-9	1998	Chloride acted as a substrate for MPO and as an activator in MPO-catalysed sulphoxidation.	Chlorides	0-8	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	61-64
9742209-11	1998	In the presence of 100 mM chloride the catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of MPO increased 3-4-fold, whatever the sulphide considered, but racemic products were obtained.	Chlorides	26-34	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	73-76
9694963-11	1998	This beneficial effect of glycine may be partly explained by the fact that glycine increased influx of chloride into Kupffer cells leading to diminished tumor necrosis factor-alpha production.	Chlorides	103-111	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	153-180
9806330-2	1998	In the present study we tested the hypothesis that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) modulates resting chloride conductance (G(Cl)) of rat skeletal muscle by activating a phosphatase and that the chloride channel, based on the activity of phosphorylating-dephosphorylating pathways, has different sensitivity to specific ligands, such as the enantiomers of 2-(p-chlorophenoxy) propionic acid (CPP).	Chlorides	106-114	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-79
9806330-2	1998	In the present study we tested the hypothesis that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) modulates resting chloride conductance (G(Cl)) of rat skeletal muscle by activating a phosphatase and that the chloride channel, based on the activity of phosphorylating-dephosphorylating pathways, has different sensitivity to specific ligands, such as the enantiomers of 2-(p-chlorophenoxy) propionic acid (CPP).	Chlorides	106-114	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-86
9729520-0	1998	Peptide YY inhibits vasopressin-stimulated chloride secretion in inner medullary collecting duct cells.	Chlorides	43-51	peptide YY	Mus musculus	0-10
9729520-1	1998	mIMCD-k2 cells are derived from the inner medullary collecting duct of a mouse and exhibit electrogenic sodium absorption and cAMP- and vasopressin (AVP)-stimulated electrogenic chloride secretion [N. L. Kizer, B. Lewis, and B.	Chlorides	178-186	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Mus musculus	126-147
9729520-20	1998	We conclude that PYY acts through either Gi or Go to inhibit adenylate cyclase activity, leading to a decrease in AVP-stimulated chloride current.	Chlorides	129-137	peptide YY	Mus musculus	17-20
9732402-5	1998	The Npt1-mediated uptake was saturable with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 0.46 +/- 0.18 mM and a maximum rate (Vmax) of 46.6 +/- 8.5 pmol/60 min/oocyte, and the uptake of [14C]PCG was independent of Na+ and pH, but dependent on chloride ion.	Chlorides	227-235	solute carrier family 17 (sodium phosphate), member 1	Mus musculus	4-8
9679161-2	1998	We have used an antisense "knock-down" approach to investigate the relationship between P-gp and the volume-activated chloride current (IC1,swell) and its role in volume regulation.	Chlorides	118-126	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Bos taurus	88-92
9679161-2	1998	We have used an antisense "knock-down" approach to investigate the relationship between P-gp and the volume-activated chloride current (IC1,swell) and its role in volume regulation.	Chlorides	118-126	ICR1 differentially methylated region	Homo sapiens	136-139
9660883-5	1998	Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) increased chloride current 20-fold.	Chlorides	58-66	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	0-38
9660883-5	1998	Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) increased chloride current 20-fold.	Chlorides	58-66	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	40-46
9759549-3	1998	Besides conducting the chloride ion, CFTR also regulates the function of other membrane proteins, directly or indirectly, notably the outwardly rectifying chloride channel and the epithelial sodium channel.	Chlorides	23-31	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	37-41
9774236-1	1998	The peptide hormone uroguanylin stimulates chloride secretion via activation of intestinal guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C).	Chlorides	43-51	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	91-109
9774236-1	1998	The peptide hormone uroguanylin stimulates chloride secretion via activation of intestinal guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C).	Chlorides	43-51	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	111-115
9724814-7	1998	We also show that syntaxin 1A binds to and inhibits the activities of disease-associated mutants of CFTR, and that the chloride current activity of recombinant DeltaF508 CFTR (i.e., the most common cystic fibrosis mutant) can be potentiated by disrupting its interaction with syntaxin 1A in cultured epithelial cells.	Chlorides	119-127	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (ATP-binding cassette sub-family C, member 7)	Xenopus laevis	170-174
9724814-7	1998	We also show that syntaxin 1A binds to and inhibits the activities of disease-associated mutants of CFTR, and that the chloride current activity of recombinant DeltaF508 CFTR (i.e., the most common cystic fibrosis mutant) can be potentiated by disrupting its interaction with syntaxin 1A in cultured epithelial cells.	Chlorides	119-127	syntaxin 1A L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	276-287
9705313-1	1998	The mechanism by which cAMP stimulates cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated chloride (Cl-) secretion is cell type-specific.	Chlorides	107-115	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Canis lupus familiaris	39-90
9705313-1	1998	The mechanism by which cAMP stimulates cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated chloride (Cl-) secretion is cell type-specific.	Chlorides	107-115	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Canis lupus familiaris	92-96
9705211-6	1998	Oxidation of chloride to hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is catalyzed by MPO but not by HRP, yet HRP also catalyzed nitration from hydrogen peroxide plus nitrite.	Chlorides	13-21	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
9756374-0	1998	Purinoceptor activation of chloride transport in cystic fibrosis and CFTR-transfected pancreatic cell lines.	Chlorides	27-35	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	69-73
9756374-8	1998	Small but statistically significant inhibitions of the adenosine-(50 microM)-stimulated increase in chloride efflux were elicited by the A1 receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (CPX, 100 nM) and the A2 receptor antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propylargylxanthine (DMPX, 10 microM).	Chlorides	100-108	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	217-219
9756374-10	1998	These results provide evidence for the regulation of chloride efflux by P2Y2 purinoceptors in genetically-corrected and CF pancreatic cell lines.	Chlorides	53-61	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Homo sapiens	72-76
9691115-4	1998	Maximal second order binding rates between 40,000 and 80,000 (m-1 x sec-1) were obtained for chlorides and nitrates of 1a group alkali ions with the exception of lithium supporting only rates of maximally 10,000 (M-1 x sec-1).	Chlorides	93-102	myoregulin	Homo sapiens	62-65
9691115-4	1998	Maximal second order binding rates between 40,000 and 80,000 (m-1 x sec-1) were obtained for chlorides and nitrates of 1a group alkali ions with the exception of lithium supporting only rates of maximally 10,000 (M-1 x sec-1).	Chlorides	93-102	secretory blood group 1, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	68-73
9761855-2	1998	The final model of HBP consists of 221 amino-acid residues of 225 possible, three glycosylation units, one chloride ion, 15 precipitant ethanol molecules and 323 water molecules.	Chlorides	107-115	azurocidin 1	Homo sapiens	19-22
10732805-2	1998	Anion exchanger isoform 3 (AE3) is prominently expressed in the brain and performs an electroneutral exchange of chloride and bicarbonate ions.	Chlorides	113-121	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Homo sapiens	27-30
9668089-8	1998	However, influx of 5-CHO-THF in MTXrA-E45K cells in a HEPES buffer (9 mM chloride) was decreased by 70% due to a 3-fold fall in the Vmax.	Chlorides	73-81	thin fur	Mus musculus	25-28
9668089-10	1998	5-CHO-THF influx was restored by addition of chloride, fluoride, or nitrate but not by sulfate, phosphate, or ATP which were all inhibitory over a broad range of concentrations.	Chlorides	45-53	thin fur	Mus musculus	6-9
9689943-0	1998	A kinetic model of the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride ion system in phagolysosomes.	Chlorides	57-65	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	23-38
9689943-1	1998	A kinetic model has been constructed of the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride ion system of mammalian neutrophils.	Chlorides	78-86	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	44-59
10201555-7	1998	According to Cox regression analysis serum chloride level was one of the strongest predictors of total, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and non-CVD mortalities independently of age, body mass index, sex, smoking, systolic blood pressure, levels of total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, uric acid, serum creatinine and serum total proteins and intake of diuretics.	Chlorides	43-51	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	13-16
9614122-5	1998	Since disruption of GEF2, a subunit of the vacuolar H+-ATPase, leads to a similar phenotype, it was previously suggested that the chloride conductance provided by Gef1p is necessary for vacuolar acidification.	Chlorides	130-138	H(+)-transporting V0 sector ATPase subunit c	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	20-24
9614122-5	1998	Since disruption of GEF2, a subunit of the vacuolar H+-ATPase, leads to a similar phenotype, it was previously suggested that the chloride conductance provided by Gef1p is necessary for vacuolar acidification.	Chlorides	130-138	Gef1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	163-168
9609738-1	1998	We have previously shown that C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), a guanylate cyclase agonist, can stimulate cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated chloride secretion in murine airway epithelial cells via protein kinase (PK) A activation through the inhibition of cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterases.	Chlorides	175-183	natriuretic peptide type C	Mus musculus	30-56
9609738-1	1998	We have previously shown that C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), a guanylate cyclase agonist, can stimulate cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated chloride secretion in murine airway epithelial cells via protein kinase (PK) A activation through the inhibition of cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterases.	Chlorides	175-183	natriuretic peptide type C	Mus musculus	58-61
9609738-1	1998	We have previously shown that C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), a guanylate cyclase agonist, can stimulate cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated chloride secretion in murine airway epithelial cells via protein kinase (PK) A activation through the inhibition of cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterases.	Chlorides	175-183	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	107-158
9609738-1	1998	We have previously shown that C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), a guanylate cyclase agonist, can stimulate cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated chloride secretion in murine airway epithelial cells via protein kinase (PK) A activation through the inhibition of cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterases.	Chlorides	175-183	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	160-164
9681688-6	1998	The results are in accordance with previous electrophysiological reports on calcium-activated chloride conductances in various murine exocrine secretory epithelia and suggest a role of mCaCC in transepithelial ion transport.	Chlorides	94-102	chloride channel accessory 3A1	Mus musculus	185-190
9658205-6	1998	Glutamate and aspartate transport by EAAT1 are associated with an uncoupled chloride conductance, but Zn2+ selectively inhibits transport and increases the relative chloride flux through the transporter.	Chlorides	76-84	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Homo sapiens	37-42
9614067-5	1998	The differential sensitivity of EAAT1 and EAAT2 to transport blockers, kainate, threo-3-methylglutamate, and (2S, 4R)-4-methylglutamate as well as L-serine-O-sulfate transport and chloride permeability were employed to characterize chimeric transporters.	Chlorides	180-188	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Homo sapiens	32-37
9841505-6	1998	In addition, we describe both the organ and nephron segment distributions and the regulation of NBC-1 mRNA under three models of pH stress: chloride-depletion alkalosis (CDA), metabolic acidosis, and bicarbonate loading.	Chlorides	140-148	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	96-101
9572671-0	1998	Effects of arginine vasopressin and atriopeptin on chloride uptake in cultured astroglia.	Chlorides	51-59	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	36-47
9618427-5	1998	In the presence of hydrogen peroxide and chloride, neutrophil myeloperoxidase, an enzyme from the same gene superfamily as thyroid peroxidase, generates hypochlorous acid which inactivates alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (A1PI) present in serum.	Chlorides	41-49	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	62-77
9600966-3	1998	Mutations in the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger AE1 have recently been reported in four autosomal dominant dRTA kindreds, three of these altering codon Arg589.	Chlorides	17-25	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	48-51
9592076-8	1998	Whole membrane anion permeability was determined by a chloride efflux assay, revealing that membranes from cells expressing p64 showed a small but highly significant increase in chloride permeability, consistent with expression of a novel chloride channel activity.	Chlorides	54-62	interleukin 2 receptor subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	124-127
9575183-9	1998	Transport activity of the expressed DTDST was markedly inhibited by extracellular chloride and bicarbonate.	Chlorides	82-90	solute carrier family 26 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	36-41
9575183-10	1998	In contrast, canalicular Na+-independent sulfate transporter Sat-1 required the presence of extracellular chloride in the cRNA-injected oocytes.	Chlorides	106-114	spermidine/spermine N1-acetyl transferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-66
9592076-8	1998	Whole membrane anion permeability was determined by a chloride efflux assay, revealing that membranes from cells expressing p64 showed a small but highly significant increase in chloride permeability, consistent with expression of a novel chloride channel activity.	Chlorides	178-186	interleukin 2 receptor subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	124-127
9605566-9	1998	Chloride ions modulated the voltage-dependent changes in EC50 values for transport by EAAT2.	Chlorides	0-8	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Homo sapiens	86-91
9565403-1	1998	A distinctive feature of the voltage-dependent chloride channels ClC-0 (the Torpedo electroplaque chloride channel) and ClC-1 (the major skeletal muscle chloride channel) is that chloride acts as a ligand to its own channel, regulating channel opening and so controlling the permeation of its own species.	Chlorides	47-55	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	120-125
9644989-0	1998	[Beta 2-microglobulin as a criterion of dysfunction in the regulation of proximal tubular activity in mercuric chloride-induced nephropathy].	Chlorides	111-119	beta-2-microglobulin	Homo sapiens	1-21
9578609-0	1998	Effects of ionic strength and chloride ion on activities of the glucose-6-phosphatase system: regulation of the biosynthetic activity of glucose-6-phosphatase by chloride ion inhibition/deinhibition.	Chlorides	30-38	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-85
9578609-0	1998	Effects of ionic strength and chloride ion on activities of the glucose-6-phosphatase system: regulation of the biosynthetic activity of glucose-6-phosphatase by chloride ion inhibition/deinhibition.	Chlorides	30-38	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	137-158
9578609-0	1998	Effects of ionic strength and chloride ion on activities of the glucose-6-phosphatase system: regulation of the biosynthetic activity of glucose-6-phosphatase by chloride ion inhibition/deinhibition.	Chlorides	162-170	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-85
9578609-0	1998	Effects of ionic strength and chloride ion on activities of the glucose-6-phosphatase system: regulation of the biosynthetic activity of glucose-6-phosphatase by chloride ion inhibition/deinhibition.	Chlorides	162-170	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	137-158
9578609-8	1998	We have studied the effects of amino acids and chloride ion on the glucose-6-phosphatase system (Glc-6-Pase) with rat liver microsomal preparations, and correlated our results with those reported by others with glycogen synthase.	Chlorides	47-55	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-88
9556550-2	1998	Although there is no consensus regarding the specific function of pICln, it was suggested to play a role, directly or indirectly, in the function of a swelling-induced chloride conductance.	Chlorides	168-176	chloride nucleotide-sensitive channel 1A	Homo sapiens	66-71
9605385-4	1998	In the normotensive group prekallikrein levels and renin activity correlated negatively with urinary sodium and chloride excretion during basal conditions and partially during the infusion.	Chlorides	112-120	renin	Homo sapiens	51-56
9499426-0	1998	A mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene associated with elevated sweat chloride concentrations in the absence of cystic fibrosis.	Chlorides	106-114	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	18-69
9575786-0	1998	Basal chloride currents in murine airway epithelial cells: modulation by CFTR.	Chlorides	6-14	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	73-77
9499426-2	1998	We report the identification of a 6.8 kb deletion (del14a) and a nonsense mutation (S1455X) in the CFTR genes of a mother and her youngest daughter with isolated elevated sweat chloride concentrations.	Chlorides	177-185	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	99-103
9499426-9	1998	These data indicate that mutations in CFTR can be associated with elevated sweat chloride concentrations in the absence of the CF phenotype, and suggest a previously unrecognized functional role in the sweat gland for the C-terminus of CFTR.	Chlorides	81-89	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	38-42
9580754-4	1998	Abnormal CFTR function will usually be documented by two elevated sweat chloride concentrations obtained on separate days or identification of two CF mutations.	Chlorides	72-80	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	9-13
9587066-8	1998	Classic Bartter"s syndrome has been demonstrated to result from defective chloride transport across the basolateral membrane in the distal nephron due to mutations in the chloride channel gene CLCNKB.	Chlorides	74-82	chloride voltage-gated channel Kb	Homo sapiens	193-199
9580754-5	1998	For patients in whom sweat chloride concentrations are normal or borderline and in whom two CF mutations are not identified, an abnormal nasal PD measurement recorded on 2 separate days can be used as evidence of CFTR dysfunction.	Chlorides	27-35	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	213-217
9520461-0	1998	Analysis of ClC-2 channels as an alternative pathway for chloride conduction in cystic fibrosis airway cells.	Chlorides	57-65	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	12-17
9520461-7	1998	To determine whether changes in extracellular pH alone could initiate chloride transport via ClC-2 channels, we performed 36Cl- efflux studies on overexpressing cells and cells with endogenous expression of ClC-2.	Chlorides	70-78	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	93-98
9520461-8	1998	Acidic extracellular pH increased 36Cl- efflux rates in both cell types, although the ClC-2 overexpressing cells had significantly greater chloride conduction and a longer duration of efflux than the parental cells.	Chlorides	139-147	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	86-91
9520461-9	1998	Compounds that exploit the pH mechanism of activating endogenous ClC-2 channels may provide a pharmacologic option for increasing chloride conductance in the airways of CF patients.	Chlorides	130-138	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	65-70
9461228-8	1998	Finally, subthreshold concentrations of epinephrine also potentiated thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, and blockade of chloride transport diminished this synergistic action of epinephrine on thrombin-stimulated platelet aggregation.	Chlorides	124-132	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	196-204
9530160-7	1998	Thus the acute effects of kinins on chloride secretion depend uniquely on kinin B2 receptors and CFTR chloride channels, which form the primary and final effector mechanisms of the secretory process.	Chlorides	36-44	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	97-101
9478947-0	1998	Human neutrophils employ the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system to oxidize alpha-amino acids to a family of reactive aldehydes.	Chlorides	63-71	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	29-44
9486119-5	1998	In CFPAC-1 cells investigated with the patch-clamp technique, CFTR hyperexpression led to a time-independent nonrectifying chloride current that was not sensitive to cAMP stimulation.	Chlorides	123-131	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	62-66
9506530-8	1998	This was corroborated by whole-cell patch-clamp experiments, where the C219 antibody, which is directed against the ATP-binding site of P-glycoprotein, significantly inhibited P-glycoprotein-associated, volume-activated chloride currents in quiescent, but not proliferating cells from multicellular tumor spheroids.	Chlorides	220-228	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	136-150
9506530-8	1998	This was corroborated by whole-cell patch-clamp experiments, where the C219 antibody, which is directed against the ATP-binding site of P-glycoprotein, significantly inhibited P-glycoprotein-associated, volume-activated chloride currents in quiescent, but not proliferating cells from multicellular tumor spheroids.	Chlorides	220-228	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	176-190
9488705-4	1998	We report here that the same low concentrations of both CPX and DAX which activate chloride currents from cells also generate a profound activation of CFTR channels incorporated into planar lipid bilayers.	Chlorides	83-91	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	151-155
9488705-7	1998	Thus, activation by these drugs of chloride efflux in cells very likely involves direct interaction of the drugs with the CFTR protein.	Chlorides	35-43	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	122-126
9605538-10	1998	In light of studies showing gephyrin association with GABA(A) receptor subunits, the localization of gephyrin may be indicative of chloride-mediated inhibitory amino acid transmission in general and not solely that of glycinergic.	Chlorides	131-139	gephyrin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	101-109
9559222-2	1998	The objective of the present study was to determine whether different mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene had different effects upon the sweat chloride concentration.	Chlorides	188-196	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	87-138
9559222-2	1998	The objective of the present study was to determine whether different mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene had different effects upon the sweat chloride concentration.	Chlorides	188-196	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	140-144
9503639-6	1998	Acute infusion of prolactin at the lower dose increased the fractional excretion of sodium and chloride significantly, whereas the higher dose of prolactin had no effect.	Chlorides	95-103	prolactin	Gallus gallus	18-27
9792953-0	1998	Swelling-activated chloride currents in a drug-sensitive cell line and a P glycoprotein-expressing derivative are underlied by channels with the same pharmacological properties.	Chlorides	19-27	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	73-87
9437012-7	1998	In Xenopus oocytes, purified RGS4 virtually abolishes the mGluR1a- and mGluR5a-mediated but not the inositol trisphospate-mediated activation of a calcium-dependent chloride current.	Chlorides	165-173	regulator of G-protein signaling 4 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	29-33
10353702-1	1998	The anion exchanger genes (AE1-3) encode a family of transport proteins responsible for the electroneutral exchange of bicarbonate and chloride across membranes.	Chlorides	135-143	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	27-32
10353703-0	1998	Mechanism of competition between chloride and stilbenedisulfonates for binding to human erythrocyte band 3 (AE1).	Chlorides	33-41	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	108-111
10353703-2	1998	I present a brief summary of recent kinetic studies that provide insight into the mechanism of stilbenedisulfonate-chloride competition in binding to human erythrocyte band 3 (AE1) (B), the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger.	Chlorides	115-123	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	176-179
10353704-9	1998	Expression studies of the erythroid and kidney isoforms of the mutant AE1 proteins, in Xenopus laevis oocytes, have shown that they retained chloride transport activity, suggesting that the disease in the dRTA families is not related simply to the anion transport activity of the mutated proteins.	Chlorides	141-149	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	70-73
9974213-1	1998	Previous investigation has provided evidence for the control of electrogenic chloride secretion by pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) across the rat epididymal epithelium using electrophysiological measurement of transepithelial transport in cultured epididymal system.	Chlorides	77-85	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-149
9974213-1	1998	Previous investigation has provided evidence for the control of electrogenic chloride secretion by pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) across the rat epididymal epithelium using electrophysiological measurement of transepithelial transport in cultured epididymal system.	Chlorides	77-85	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-156
9974213-8	1998	Together with the previous finding, the present results suggest that PACAP may exhibit a regional difference in its expression along the epididymal duct and it may act in a paracrine or autocrine fashion in the regulation of epididymal chloride secretion and hence fluid secretion, thus regulating epididymal and sperm functions along the epididymal duct.	Chlorides	236-244	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
9514538-6	1998	RESULTS: 1) Phorbol ester down-regulated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mRNA expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner through a post-transcriptional mechanism with concomitant inhibition of stimulated chloride efflux.	Chlorides	229-237	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	41-92
9493132-0	1998	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha increases sodium and chloride conductance across the tight junction of CACO-2 BBE, a human intestinal epithelial cell line.	Chlorides	49-57	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-27
9489610-6	1998	5 The response to PAF was attenuated by the loop diuretic bumetanide, indicating an involvement of chloride ion secretion in the response.	Chlorides	99-107	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	18-21
9489610-9	1998	7 In summary, we have shown that PAF is a potent secretagogue in isolated preparations of human colon and that the response is dependent on a specific PAF receptor, cyclo-oxygenase products and bumetanide-sensitive chloride ion transport.	Chlorides	215-223	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	33-36
9781011-3	1998	Surrogate endpoints for complementation of CFTR dysfunction in the lung have been primarily dependent on correction of chloride transport abnormalities.	Chlorides	119-127	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	43-47
9549032-5	1998	The production and secretion of these ovarian substances are controlled by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) released from the hypothalamus; they probably act on gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors and alter chloride influx into the cell.	Chlorides	210-218	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	75-105
9549032-5	1998	The production and secretion of these ovarian substances are controlled by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) released from the hypothalamus; they probably act on gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors and alter chloride influx into the cell.	Chlorides	210-218	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	107-111
10215406-0	1998	Identification of five new mutations and three novel polymorphisms in the muscle chloride channel gene (CLCN1) in 20 Italian patients with dominant and recessive myotonia congenita.	Chlorides	81-89	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	104-109
10671059-0	1998	A novel mutation of the down-regulated in adenoma gene in a Japanese case with congential chloride diarrhea.	Chlorides	90-98	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	24-49
9777644-6	1998	At this developmental stage, GABA depolarized CA3 pyramidal cells through two distinct classes of chloride-permeable receptors: bicuculline sensitive and insensitive, respectively.	Chlorides	98-106	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	46-49
9382934-0	1998	Neuropeptide Y inhibits ion secretion in intestinal epithelium by reducing chloride and potassium conductance.	Chlorides	75-83	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	0-14
9536650-1	1998	Effect of chloride and diamide on testicular and epididymal angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity was investigated using Hip-His-Leu as substrate in sheep.	Chlorides	10-18	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Ovis aries	60-89
9536650-1	1998	Effect of chloride and diamide on testicular and epididymal angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity was investigated using Hip-His-Leu as substrate in sheep.	Chlorides	10-18	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Ovis aries	91-94
9536650-2	1998	The chloride ions functioned as ACE activators, however, there was no linear correlation between the two.	Chlorides	4-12	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Ovis aries	32-35
9536650-3	1998	The optimum chloride concentrations were 500 mM for epididymal ACE and 900-1100 mM for testicular ACE.	Chlorides	12-20	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Ovis aries	63-66
9536650-3	1998	The optimum chloride concentrations were 500 mM for epididymal ACE and 900-1100 mM for testicular ACE.	Chlorides	12-20	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Ovis aries	98-101
9536650-4	1998	Further, optimum chloride concentration increased ACE activity of testis and epididymis 25.40- folds and 12.84- folds respectively of the activities at physiological chloride concentration.	Chlorides	17-25	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Ovis aries	50-53
9536650-4	1998	Further, optimum chloride concentration increased ACE activity of testis and epididymis 25.40- folds and 12.84- folds respectively of the activities at physiological chloride concentration.	Chlorides	166-174	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Ovis aries	50-53
9536650-5	1998	The differences found in the effect of chloride on testicular and epididymal ACE activity suggest dissimilar three dimensional structure of ACE in these tissues.	Chlorides	39-47	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Ovis aries	77-80
9536650-5	1998	The differences found in the effect of chloride on testicular and epididymal ACE activity suggest dissimilar three dimensional structure of ACE in these tissues.	Chlorides	39-47	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Ovis aries	140-143
9706740-0	1998	Endogenous nitric oxide inhibits endothelin-1-induced chloride secretion in guinea pig colon.	Chlorides	54-62	endothelin-1	Cavia porcellus	33-45
9706740-6	1998	Endothelin-1 (ET-1) also evoked an increase in Isc that was unaffected by amiloride and was inhibitable by bumetanide, chloride-free solutions, tetrodotoxin, piroxicam, and the ETA receptor antagonist, BQ123.	Chlorides	119-127	endothelin-1	Cavia porcellus	0-12
9706740-6	1998	Endothelin-1 (ET-1) also evoked an increase in Isc that was unaffected by amiloride and was inhibitable by bumetanide, chloride-free solutions, tetrodotoxin, piroxicam, and the ETA receptor antagonist, BQ123.	Chlorides	119-127	endothelin-1	Cavia porcellus	14-18
9706740-10	1998	In addition, endogenous nitric oxide suppresses ET-1-evoked chloride secretion by mechanisms that are unrelated to the release of prostaglandin E2 or its ability to stimulate epithelial cells.	Chlorides	60-68	endothelin-1	Cavia porcellus	48-52
9519207-11	1998	These findings have also demonstrated a key role for CLCKB as a major basolateral chloride channel involved in mTAL sodium and chloride reabsorption (Figure 2).	Chlorides	82-90	chloride voltage-gated channel Kb	Homo sapiens	53-58
9495547-4	1997	Heterologous expression of rNET in HEK293 cells revealed that uptake of [3H]norepinephrine is sodium- and chloride-dependent and highly sensitive to the selective norepinephrine transporter inhibitors desipramine and nisoxetine.	Chlorides	106-114	solute carrier family 6 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	27-31
9407104-6	1997	Xenopus oocytes expressing GluClalpha::Tc1 strain mRNA elicited reduced amplitude avermectin and glutamate-dependent chloride currents.	Chlorides	117-125	transcriptional and immune response regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	39-42
9495547-5	1997	The cloned rNET cDNA provides the opportunity to investigate this transporter in heterologous expression systems and adds a new member to the family of sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporters.	Chlorides	164-172	solute carrier family 6 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	11-15
9371688-1	1997	Although the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is primarily implicated in the regulation of plasma-membrane chloride permeability, immunolocalization and functional studies indicate the presence of CFTR in the endosomal compartment.	Chlorides	133-141	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cricetulus griseus	13-64
9371688-14	1997	These results suggest that the rate of CFTR internalization may participate in the determination of the CFTR channel density, and consequently, of the cAMP-stimulated chloride conductance of the plasma membrane.	Chlorides	167-175	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cricetulus griseus	104-108
9371688-1	1997	Although the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is primarily implicated in the regulation of plasma-membrane chloride permeability, immunolocalization and functional studies indicate the presence of CFTR in the endosomal compartment.	Chlorides	133-141	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cricetulus griseus	66-70
9371688-1	1997	Although the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is primarily implicated in the regulation of plasma-membrane chloride permeability, immunolocalization and functional studies indicate the presence of CFTR in the endosomal compartment.	Chlorides	133-141	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cricetulus griseus	223-227
9371688-14	1997	These results suggest that the rate of CFTR internalization may participate in the determination of the CFTR channel density, and consequently, of the cAMP-stimulated chloride conductance of the plasma membrane.	Chlorides	167-175	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cricetulus griseus	39-43
9425447-0	1997	A second dose of a CFTR cDNA-liposome complex is as effective as the first dose in restoring cAMP-dependent chloride secretion to null CF mice trachea.	Chlorides	108-116	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	19-23
9534323-1	1997	Renin-angiotensin system promotes sodium and chloride retention, participates in the defense response to hypovolemia and, in congestive heart failure, contributes to edema formation and progression of the disease.	Chlorides	45-53	renin	Homo sapiens	0-5
9534323-12	1997	The role of these drugs becomes particularly relevant during acute renin-angiotensin system activation due to hypovolemia; in this setting ACE-inhibitors counteract sodium and chloride retention resulting in a potential hazard due to interference with the defence mechanisms toward hypovolemia, and an amplification of extracorporeal ultrafiltration efficacy by preventing edema recovery after its mechanical removal.	Chlorides	176-184	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	139-142
9436436-7	1997	Stable expression of MtPK in mouse C2C12 cells caused the activation of chloride efflux.	Chlorides	72-80	dystrophia myotonica-protein kinase	Mus musculus	21-25
9374552-5	1997	Immunoprecipitation and functional studies showed that cells transfected with C225R-CFTR exhibit cAMP-dependent chloride fluxes; C225R-CFTR protein is poorly expressed but fully glycosylated and can be compared with R117H-CFTR.	Chlorides	112-120	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	84-88
9389484-4	1997	Here we report that functional expression in NIH/3T3 cells of a cardiac clone of another member of the ClC family, ClC-3, results in a large basally active chloride conductance, which is strongly modulated by cell volume and exhibits many properties identical to those of ICl.vol in native cells.	Chlorides	156-164	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 3	Mus musculus	115-120
9366560-0	1997	In vitro pharmacologic restoration of CFTR-mediated chloride transport with sodium 4-phenylbutyrate in cystic fibrosis epithelial cells containing delta F508-CFTR.	Chlorides	52-60	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	38-42
9366560-0	1997	In vitro pharmacologic restoration of CFTR-mediated chloride transport with sodium 4-phenylbutyrate in cystic fibrosis epithelial cells containing delta F508-CFTR.	Chlorides	52-60	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	158-162
9374736-0	1997	In vivo activation of CFTR-dependent chloride transport in murine airway epithelium by CNP.	Chlorides	37-45	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	22-26
9374736-0	1997	In vivo activation of CFTR-dependent chloride transport in murine airway epithelium by CNP.	Chlorides	37-45	natriuretic peptide type C	Mus musculus	87-90
9352884-7	1997	When administered apically, mouse cryptdins 2 and 3 can reversibly stimulate human T-84 intestinal epithelial cells to secrete chloride ion, suggesting that alpha-defensins from Paneth cells also may be multifunctional.	Chlorides	127-135	defensin, alpha, 6	Mus musculus	34-51
12770485-6	1997	Another GABA receptor subtype, less sensitive to GABA, mediated a chloride dependent hyperpolarization that was suppressed by bath application of PTX.	Chlorides	66-74	GABA type A receptor-associated protein	Homo sapiens	8-21
9344852-3	1997	Binding of STa, or of the mammalian endogenous ligands guanylin and uroguanylin, activates the guanylyl cyclase C receptor (GC-C); the resulting elevation of cGMP levels stimulates chloride secretion via CFTR.	Chlorides	181-189	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	124-128
9383735-7	1997	The corrosion of stainless steel by chloride ions at the low pH of the formulation buffer generated iron ions that catalyzed methionine oxidation in rhuMAb HER2.	Chlorides	36-44	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	156-160
9359420-7	1997	In the presence of 100 mM chloride, myeloperoxidase catalysed the production of hypothiocyanite at concentrations of thiocyanate as low as 25 microM.	Chlorides	26-34	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	36-51
9359420-0	1997	Thiocyanate and chloride as competing substrates for myeloperoxidase.	Chlorides	16-24	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	53-68
9359420-9	1997	The rate of H2O2 loss catalysed by myeloperoxidase in the presence of 100 mM chloride doubled when 100 microM thiocyanate was added, and was maximal with 1mM thiocyanate.	Chlorides	77-85	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	35-50
9359420-1	1997	The neutrophil enzyme myeloperoxidase uses H2O2 to oxidize chloride, bromide, iodide and thiocyanate to their respective hypohalous acids.	Chlorides	59-67	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	22-37
9359420-4	1997	Our aim was to establish whether myeloperoxidase oxidizes thiocyanate in the presence of chloride at physiological concentrations of these substrates.	Chlorides	89-97	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	33-48
9359420-10	1997	This indicates that at plasma concentrations of thiocyanate and chloride, myeloperoxidase is far from saturated.	Chlorides	64-72	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	74-89
9359420-6	1997	The relative specificity constants for chloride, bromide and thiocyanate were 1:60:730 respectively, indicating that thiocyanate is by far the most favoured substrate for myeloperoxidase.	Chlorides	39-47	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	171-186
9306012-0	1997	The role of exocytosis in the activation of the chloride conductance in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) stably expressing CFTR.	Chlorides	48-56	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cricetulus griseus	124-128
11670151-3	1997	Both of the chlorides in 2 can be replaced by other anions in simple metathesis reactions, and treatment of 2 with excess SCN(-) or CH(3)CO(2)(-) yields the corresponding complexes RuX(2)(PPh(3))(LMe(2){H}(2)) (X: SCN(-), 3; CH(3)CO(2)(-), 4).	Chlorides	12-21	HCLS1 associated protein X-1	Homo sapiens	214-223
9344659-2	1997	Both uroguanylin and the related peptide ligand guanylin bind to GC-C and stimulate an increase in cyclic GMP, inducing chloride secretion via the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.	Chlorides	120-128	guanylate cyclase activator 2b (retina)	Mus musculus	5-16
9344659-2	1997	Both uroguanylin and the related peptide ligand guanylin bind to GC-C and stimulate an increase in cyclic GMP, inducing chloride secretion via the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.	Chlorides	120-128	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Mus musculus	106-109
9344659-2	1997	Both uroguanylin and the related peptide ligand guanylin bind to GC-C and stimulate an increase in cyclic GMP, inducing chloride secretion via the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.	Chlorides	120-128	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	147-198
9312167-6	1997	The erythroid and kidney isoforms of the mutant band 3 proteins were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and all showed significant chloride transport activity.	Chlorides	125-133	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group) L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	48-54
9326240-1	1997	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) catalyzes a reaction between chloride and hydrogen peroxide to generate hypochlorous acid and other reactive compounds that have been linked to DNA damage.	Chlorides	51-59	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
9326240-1	1997	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) catalyzes a reaction between chloride and hydrogen peroxide to generate hypochlorous acid and other reactive compounds that have been linked to DNA damage.	Chlorides	51-59	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	17-20
9511928-2	1997	While the mechanism of the active vectorial translocation of many hydrophobic substrates by several of these transporters remains nearly as perplexing as it has for several decades, considerable insight has been gained into the control of the bidirectional permeation of chloride ions through a single CFTR channel by the phosphorylation of the R-domain and ATP interactions at the two nucleotide binding domains.	Chlorides	271-279	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	302-306
9511930-1	1997	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) forms an anion-selective channel involved in epithelial chloride transport.	Chlorides	119-127	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-55
9511930-1	1997	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) forms an anion-selective channel involved in epithelial chloride transport.	Chlorides	119-127	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
9353588-4	1997	Sodium or chloride depletion decreased plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide, increased plasma renin activity, and induced extracellular fluid volume contraction.	Chlorides	10-18	renin	Rattus norvegicus	101-106
9511934-5	1997	Here the newly synthesized mutant CFTR protein, missing a phenylalanine residue at position 508 (delta F508 CFTR), is unable to transit from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane, where it functions as a regulator of chloride transport.	Chlorides	228-236	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	34-38
9307439-1	1997	The regulation of the voltage-activated chloride current conductance (GCl) in toad skin was investigated by the use of the SH reagents N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and p-chloro-mercuricbenzenesulfonic acid PCMBS.	Chlorides	40-48	germ cell-less 2, spermatogenesis associated	Homo sapiens	70-73
9374200-2	1997	Agonist stimulation of OctyR99AB receptors increased intracellular Ca2+ levels monitored as changes in the endogenous inward Ca2+-dependent chloride current.	Chlorides	140-148	Octopamine-Tyramine receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	23-32
9325233-2	1997	Recently, NSP4 has been implicated in rotavirus virulence and is thought to act as an enterotoxin which triggers chloride secretion by a calcium-dependent signal transduction pathway.	Chlorides	113-121	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	10-14
9305929-8	1997	Activation of GALR2 receptors with porcine galanin and other galanin analogues increased inositol phospholipid turnover and intracellular calcium levels in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells and generated calcium-activated chloride currents in Xenopus oocytes, suggesting that the rat GALR2 receptor is primarily coupled to the activation of phospholipase C.	Chlorides	235-243	galanin receptor type 2	Cricetulus griseus	14-19
9305929-8	1997	Activation of GALR2 receptors with porcine galanin and other galanin analogues increased inositol phospholipid turnover and intracellular calcium levels in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells and generated calcium-activated chloride currents in Xenopus oocytes, suggesting that the rat GALR2 receptor is primarily coupled to the activation of phospholipase C.	Chlorides	235-243	galanin peptides	Cricetulus griseus	43-50
9305929-8	1997	Activation of GALR2 receptors with porcine galanin and other galanin analogues increased inositol phospholipid turnover and intracellular calcium levels in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells and generated calcium-activated chloride currents in Xenopus oocytes, suggesting that the rat GALR2 receptor is primarily coupled to the activation of phospholipase C.	Chlorides	235-243	galanin peptides	Cricetulus griseus	61-68
9374288-0	1997	Post-transcriptional elevation of mouse brain Mn-SOD protein by mercuric chloride.	Chlorides	73-81	superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	46-52
9307439-7	1997	After complete inhibition of the voltage-activated GCl with NEM, chloride conductance could still be stimulated by CPT-cAMP as in control tissues.	Chlorides	65-73	germ cell-less 2, spermatogenesis associated	Homo sapiens	51-54
9311495-6	1997	Patients with apical CFTR protein showed higher residual chloride secretion than those without (amiloride to isoprenaline value of 4.59 and 0.56 mV, respectively, p = 0.01).	Chlorides	57-65	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	21-25
9272157-14	1997	Clinical examination of patients with CFTR mutations on both chromosomes revealed elevated sweat chloride concentrations and discrete symptoms of respiratory disease in a subset of patients.	Chlorides	97-105	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	38-42
9236216-5	1997	The reversal potential of the GAL-mediated effect was unaffected by reducing extracellular chloride or by intracellular chloride injection, indicating that the effects of galanin are not mediated by modulation of chloride conductances.	Chlorides	91-99	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
9277371-8	1997	Basal SCC and calcium-dependent chloride secretion were significantly reduced, whereas CFTR-dependent chloride secretion was increased to normal values.	Chlorides	102-110	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	87-91
9287144-0	1997	Induction of a cAMP-stimulated chloride secretion in regenerating poorly differentiated airway epithelial cells by adenovirus-mediated CFTR gene transfer.	Chlorides	31-39	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	135-139
9287144-3	1997	To define whether PD non-CF and CF epithelial cells possess a functional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR) chloride channel, we analyzed the CFTR expression and the regulation of chloride secretion under cyclic (c)AMP stimulation in these regenerating PD epithelial cells of non-CF and CF airway tissue.	Chlorides	140-148	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	134-138
9287144-7	1997	Compared with the absence of CFTR expression and cAMP-regulated chloride secretion in nontransduced regenerating PD cells of either non-CF or CF origin, transduction with AdCFTR induces a CFTR expression and a cAMP-regulated stimulation of the cell membrane chloride secretion in the regenerating PD cells.	Chlorides	64-72	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	173-177
9287144-7	1997	Compared with the absence of CFTR expression and cAMP-regulated chloride secretion in nontransduced regenerating PD cells of either non-CF or CF origin, transduction with AdCFTR induces a CFTR expression and a cAMP-regulated stimulation of the cell membrane chloride secretion in the regenerating PD cells.	Chlorides	258-266	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	173-177
9202012-0	1997	p-Hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, the major product of L-tyrosine oxidation by the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-chloride system of phagocytes, covalently modifies epsilon-amino groups of protein lysine residues.	Chlorides	99-107	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	78-93
9259268-2	1997	CLCN5 encodes a 746 amino acid channel (CLC-5) that has approximately 12 transmembrane domains, and heterologous expression of wild-type CLC-5 in Xenopus oocytes has yielded outwardly rectifying chloride currents that were markedly reduced or abolished by these mutations.	Chlorides	195-203	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 5 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-5
9218506-7	1997	In support of the physiologic importance of epithelial PGHS-2 expression, supernatants from bacteria-infected intestinal epithelial cells were shown to increase chloride secretion in an in vitro model using polarized epithelial cells, and this activity was accounted for by PGE2.	Chlorides	161-169	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	55-61
9222090-13	1997	CONCLUSION: A low conductance channel, selective for chloride, and, modulated by beta adrenergic and VIP stimulation, based on it sensitivity to exogenously added cAMP, ATP and the catalytic subunit of PKA, is present in the exit basolateral membranes of rabbit NPE and contributes to the process of aqueous humor formation.	Chlorides	53-61	VIP peptides	Oryctolagus cuniculus	101-104
9263742-5	1997	NHE activation was associated with significant decreases in serum chloride (P = 0.016), calcium (P = 0.008), total cholesterol (P = 0.008), low-density lipoproteins (P = 0.016) and high-density lipoproteins (P = 0.008).	Chlorides	66-74	solute carrier family 9 member C1	Homo sapiens	0-3
9195904-1	1997	The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter GAT-1 is located in nerve terminals and catalyzes the electrogenic reuptake of the neurotransmitter with two sodium ions and one chloride.	Chlorides	176-184	solute carrier family 6 member 1	Homo sapiens	47-52
9207273-2	1997	This study tested the efficacy of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) in maintaining epithelial barrier and chloride secretory function in the presence of IFN-gamma.	Chlorides	126-134	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	81-86
9207273-7	1997	IL-10 did not prevent the IFN-gamma-induced abolishment of tight junctional charge selectivity but did attenuate the total increase in sodium and chloride permeability.	Chlorides	146-154	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	0-5
9220371-1	1997	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C) is an intestinal transmembrane receptor which binds both guanylin, an endogenous ligand, and Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) resulting in 5"-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) accumulation and chloride secretion.	Chlorides	254-262	guanylate cyclase 2C	Rattus norvegicus	37-41
9812584-3	1997	Lanthanum chloride, cerium chloride and mixed rare-earth chloride at levels of 0.5 to 1.5 mmol/L could inhibit obviously growth of cancer cells and change cell morphology and microtubule structure of PAMC82, similar to that of normal cells, their colony-forming ability lowered in soft agar, and expression of tumor suppressor gene p53, p16 and p21 increased and that of gene nm23 lowered.	Chlorides	10-18	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	332-335
9812584-3	1997	Lanthanum chloride, cerium chloride and mixed rare-earth chloride at levels of 0.5 to 1.5 mmol/L could inhibit obviously growth of cancer cells and change cell morphology and microtubule structure of PAMC82, similar to that of normal cells, their colony-forming ability lowered in soft agar, and expression of tumor suppressor gene p53, p16 and p21 increased and that of gene nm23 lowered.	Chlorides	10-18	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	337-340
9812584-3	1997	Lanthanum chloride, cerium chloride and mixed rare-earth chloride at levels of 0.5 to 1.5 mmol/L could inhibit obviously growth of cancer cells and change cell morphology and microtubule structure of PAMC82, similar to that of normal cells, their colony-forming ability lowered in soft agar, and expression of tumor suppressor gene p53, p16 and p21 increased and that of gene nm23 lowered.	Chlorides	10-18	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	345-348
9207273-0	1997	Interleukin 10 prevents cytokine-induced disruption of T84 monolayer barrier integrity and limits chloride secretion.	Chlorides	98-106	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	0-14
9207273-1	1997	BACKGROUND & AIMS: The proinflammatory cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) disrupts epithelial barrier integrity and attenuates secretagogue-induced chloride secretion.	Chlorides	155-163	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	52-79
9207273-2	1997	This study tested the efficacy of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) in maintaining epithelial barrier and chloride secretory function in the presence of IFN-gamma.	Chlorides	126-134	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	65-79
9192609-1	1997	The SN2 displacements of chloride ion from CH3Cl, C2H5Cl, and C2H4Cl2 by acetate and hydroxide ions have been investigated, using ab initio molecular orbital theory at the HF/6-31+G(d), MP2/6-31+G(d), and MP4/6-31+G(d) levels of theory.	Chlorides	25-33	solute carrier family 38 member 5	Homo sapiens	4-7
9192609-1	1997	The SN2 displacements of chloride ion from CH3Cl, C2H5Cl, and C2H4Cl2 by acetate and hydroxide ions have been investigated, using ab initio molecular orbital theory at the HF/6-31+G(d), MP2/6-31+G(d), and MP4/6-31+G(d) levels of theory.	Chlorides	25-33	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	186-194
9195904-4	1997	Electrophysiological characterization reveals that both mutant transporters exhibit the sodium-dependent transient currents associated with sodium binding as well as the chloride-dependent lithium leak currents characteristic of GAT-1.	Chlorides	170-178	solute carrier family 6 member 1	Homo sapiens	229-234
9215866-0	1997	Production of arachidonic acid metabolites by the colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT29 cl.19A and their effect on chloride secretion.	Chlorides	113-121	SLAM family member 7	Homo sapiens	89-92
9184146-7	1997	On the basis of the new findings, in solvent containing 0.1 M chloride, the overall contributions from surface histidyl residues of both the alpha- and beta-chain and from other previously identified alkaline Bohr groups account for approximately 75% of the observed Bohr effect at pH 7.3 (the maximum Bohr effect under the prescribed solvent conditions).	Chlorides	62-70	Fc gamma receptor and transporter	Homo sapiens	141-162
9185515-9	1997	In conclusion, intracellular LTD4 activates a chloride conductance in hepatocytes isolated from rats treated with LPS or primed in vitro with TNF-alpha.	Chlorides	46-54	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	142-151
9196038-0	1997	Genistein directly induces cardiac CFTR chloride current by a tyrosine kinase-independent and protein kinase A-independent pathway in guinea pig ventricular myocytes.	Chlorides	40-48	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7	Cavia porcellus	35-39
9196038-1	1997	With one-suction electrode voltage-clamp technique, we demonstrated that genistein, a tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitor, could directly activate cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) chloride current in guinea pig ventricular myocytes.	Chlorides	189-197	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7	Cavia porcellus	142-181
9196038-1	1997	With one-suction electrode voltage-clamp technique, we demonstrated that genistein, a tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitor, could directly activate cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) chloride current in guinea pig ventricular myocytes.	Chlorides	189-197	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7	Cavia porcellus	183-187
9208926-0	1997	Properties of chloride-conductive pathways in rat kidney cortical and outer-medulla brush-border membranes--inhibition by anti-(cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) mAbs.	Chlorides	14-22	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	128-167
9165016-11	1997	Omission of chloride increased (4-fold) the level of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein in the cells incubated with (Bu)2cAMP (0.1 mM).	Chlorides	12-20	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Mus musculus	57-87
9165016-11	1997	Omission of chloride increased (4-fold) the level of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein in the cells incubated with (Bu)2cAMP (0.1 mM).	Chlorides	12-20	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Mus musculus	89-93
9179375-7	1997	The effects were almost fully attributable to a significant 50% increase of resting conductance to chloride ions (GCl), although an observed restoration of potassium conductance and a possible effect on voltage-activated sodium channels could contribute to the effects.	Chlorides	99-107	germ cell-less 1, spermatogenesis associated	Rattus norvegicus	114-117
9223678-11	1997	This study demonstrates that, in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle, ANG II, as well as ATP, activate an oscillatory calcium dependent chloride current which is triggered by cyclic increases in [Ca2+]i and that both oscillatory phenomena are primarily IP3-mediated.	Chlorides	133-141	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	67-73
9223678-12	1997	It is suggested that ANG II-induced oscillatory chloride current could depolarise the cell membrane leading to activation of voltage-operated Ca2+ channels.	Chlorides	48-56	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	21-27
9174362-1	1997	Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder affecting chloride transport in pancreas, lung, and other tissues, which is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Chlorides	61-69	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	154-205
9230628-5	1997	The p50 at pH 7.3 was 4.435 +/- 0.299 Torr, with the n-value of 2.7 +/- 0.2; Bohr effect was -0.55 +/- 0.08, within a pH range between 6.8, 7.3 and 7.8, whereas chloride and DPG effects at pH 7.3 (the most useful value) were 0.42 +/- 0.44 and 0.453 +/- 0.0187 respectively.	Chlorides	161-169	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	4-7
9174362-1	1997	Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder affecting chloride transport in pancreas, lung, and other tissues, which is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Chlorides	61-69	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	207-211
9169143-7	1997	Like canine PLM, both human and rat PLM induce a hyperpolarization-activated chloride current when expressed in Xenopus oocytes.	Chlorides	77-85	FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-39
9187372-1	1997	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a single-gene disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, which result in disrupted chloride secretions with inspissated mucous secretions by exocrine glands.	Chlorides	110-118	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	73-77
9144199-3	1997	Using chloride efflux from KCl-loaded unilamellar lipid vesicles as an assay, purified recombinant Bcl-2 protein exhibited pore-forming activity with properties similar to those of the bacterial toxins, diphtheria toxin, and colicins, i.e., dependence on low pH and acidic lipid membranes.	Chlorides	6-14	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	99-104
9150159-1	1997	Cystic fibrosis (CF)--an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and characterized by abnormal chloride conduction across epithelial membranes, leading to chronic lung and exocrine pancreatic disease--is less common in African-Americans than in Caucasians.	Chlorides	153-161	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	77-115
9150159-1	1997	Cystic fibrosis (CF)--an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and characterized by abnormal chloride conduction across epithelial membranes, leading to chronic lung and exocrine pancreatic disease--is less common in African-Americans than in Caucasians.	Chlorides	153-161	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	117-121
9128147-10	1997	This change suggests that loss of the distal ligand in MPO releases stress on the heme which may facilitate binding of chloride ion.	Chlorides	119-127	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	55-58
9108121-5	1997	EAAT5-mediated L-glutamate uptake is sodium- and voltage-dependent and chloride-independent.	Chlorides	71-79	solute carrier family 1 member 7	Homo sapiens	0-5
9108121-7	1997	These properties of EAAT5 are similar to the glutamate-elicited chloride conductances previously described in retinal neurons, suggesting that the EAAT5-associated chloride conductance may participate in visual processing.	Chlorides	64-72	solute carrier family 1 member 7	Homo sapiens	20-25
9108121-7	1997	These properties of EAAT5 are similar to the glutamate-elicited chloride conductances previously described in retinal neurons, suggesting that the EAAT5-associated chloride conductance may participate in visual processing.	Chlorides	64-72	solute carrier family 1 member 7	Homo sapiens	147-152
9108121-7	1997	These properties of EAAT5 are similar to the glutamate-elicited chloride conductances previously described in retinal neurons, suggesting that the EAAT5-associated chloride conductance may participate in visual processing.	Chlorides	164-172	solute carrier family 1 member 7	Homo sapiens	20-25
9108121-7	1997	These properties of EAAT5 are similar to the glutamate-elicited chloride conductances previously described in retinal neurons, suggesting that the EAAT5-associated chloride conductance may participate in visual processing.	Chlorides	164-172	solute carrier family 1 member 7	Homo sapiens	147-152
9128147-2	1997	While MPO shows significant sequence homology with other peroxidases and this homology is particularly striking among the active-site residues, MPO exhibits unusual spectral features and the unique ability to catalyze the oxidation of chloride ions.	Chlorides	235-243	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	6-9
9128147-2	1997	While MPO shows significant sequence homology with other peroxidases and this homology is particularly striking among the active-site residues, MPO exhibits unusual spectral features and the unique ability to catalyze the oxidation of chloride ions.	Chlorides	235-243	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	144-147
9113507-1	1997	Multiple dosing with recombinant adenoviral vectors containing the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) cDNA to the nasal mucosa of cystic fibrosis (CF) transgenic mice reportedly results in only partial correction of the CF defect in chloride (Cl-) secretion without normalizing sodium (Na+) hyperabsorption, perhaps indicating inefficient gene transfer into the nasal airway epithelium in vivo.	Chlorides	257-265	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	67-118
9113507-1	1997	Multiple dosing with recombinant adenoviral vectors containing the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) cDNA to the nasal mucosa of cystic fibrosis (CF) transgenic mice reportedly results in only partial correction of the CF defect in chloride (Cl-) secretion without normalizing sodium (Na+) hyperabsorption, perhaps indicating inefficient gene transfer into the nasal airway epithelium in vivo.	Chlorides	257-265	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	120-124
9130164-9	1997	The CFTR-dependent, cAMP-sensitive chloride secretory response in murine tracheal epithelium could be measured if the calcium-dependent chloride secretory process was first maximally stimulated with a mixture of the Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor, TBHQ, and the calcium ionophore, A23187.	Chlorides	35-43	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	4-8
9115758-0	1997	C-type natriuretic peptide increases chloride permeability in normal and cystic fibrosis airway cells.	Chlorides	37-45	natriuretic peptide C	Homo sapiens	0-26
9115758-1	1997	C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), a hormone which stimulates particulate guanylate cyclase activity, was studied for its ability to stimulate chloride permeability through the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in airway epithelial cells.	Chlorides	142-150	natriuretic peptide C	Homo sapiens	0-26
9115758-1	1997	C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), a hormone which stimulates particulate guanylate cyclase activity, was studied for its ability to stimulate chloride permeability through the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in airway epithelial cells.	Chlorides	142-150	natriuretic peptide C	Homo sapiens	28-31
9106700-8	1997	RESULTS: On intraluminal infusion of PYY, increased absorption of water, sodium, and chloride was observed in the colon.	Chlorides	85-93	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	37-40
9122260-1	1997	Guanylin and uroguanylin are intestinal peptides that stimulate chloride secretion by activating a common set of receptor-guanylate cyclase signaling molecules located on the mucosal surface of enterocytes.	Chlorides	64-72	guanylate cyclase activator 2A	Homo sapiens	0-8
9122260-1	1997	Guanylin and uroguanylin are intestinal peptides that stimulate chloride secretion by activating a common set of receptor-guanylate cyclase signaling molecules located on the mucosal surface of enterocytes.	Chlorides	64-72	guanylate cyclase activator 2B	Homo sapiens	13-24
9101408-3	1997	Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (gamma 1 in pS): CsC1 (153), RbC1 (148), KC1 (142), NaC1 (115), LiC1 (86), TMAC1 (71), TEAC1 (63).	Chlorides	0-13	nucleus accumbens associated 1	Rattus norvegicus	219-223
9049179-0	1997	Thrombin potentiates volume-activated chloride currents in pulmonary artery endothelial cells.	Chlorides	38-46	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Bos taurus	0-8
9065416-5	1997	Phenolic nitration by MPO-catalyzed NO2- oxidation is only partially inhibited by chloride (Cl-), the presumed major physiological substrate for MPO.	Chlorides	82-90	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	22-25
9065416-5	1997	Phenolic nitration by MPO-catalyzed NO2- oxidation is only partially inhibited by chloride (Cl-), the presumed major physiological substrate for MPO.	Chlorides	82-90	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	145-148
9122260-6	1997	The relative affinities of uroguanylin and guanylin for binding to receptors on the mucosal surface of T84 cells is influenced dramatically by mucosal acidity, which explains the strong pH dependency of the cGMP and chloride secretion responses to these peptides.	Chlorides	216-224	guanylate cyclase activator 2B	Homo sapiens	27-38
9130164-9	1997	The CFTR-dependent, cAMP-sensitive chloride secretory response in murine tracheal epithelium could be measured if the calcium-dependent chloride secretory process was first maximally stimulated with a mixture of the Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor, TBHQ, and the calcium ionophore, A23187.	Chlorides	136-144	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	4-8
9130164-13	1997	Transfection of the airways with pTrial10-CFTR2, but not pTrial10, significantly (P < 0.01) increased the CFTR-dependent chloride secretory current in CF tracheas.	Chlorides	124-132	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	42-46
9130171-6	1997	The change in pHi (delta pHi) in response to luminal chloride substitution averaged 0.00 +/- 0.01 pH units (mean +/- S.E.M.	Chlorides	53-61	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	14-17
9130171-6	1997	The change in pHi (delta pHi) in response to luminal chloride substitution averaged 0.00 +/- 0.01 pH units (mean +/- S.E.M.	Chlorides	53-61	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	25-28
9055410-16	1997	The atzA and atzB genes catalyze the first two steps of the metabolic pathway in a bacterium that rapidly metabolizes atrazine to carbon dioxide, ammonia, and chloride.	Chlorides	159-167	atzB	Pseudomonas sp. ADP	13-17
9054574-9	1997	CA IV is also activated by low concentrations (<20 mM) of chloride, bromide, and phosphate.	Chlorides	61-69	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
9050850-9	1997	These results support a mechanism by which chloride ion undergoes nucleophilic addition to the benzylic C-10 position of anti-BPDE.	Chlorides	43-51	homeobox C10	Homo sapiens	104-108
9062355-2	1997	The disorder, which has a familial predisposition and occurs predominantly in males, has similarities to three X-linked proximal renal tubular disorders that are due to mutations in the renal chloride channel gene, CLCN5.	Chlorides	192-200	chloride voltage-gated channel 5	Homo sapiens	215-220
9124508-1	1997	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated ATP efflux has been proposed as an autocrine mechanism for regulating chloride secretion through other types of chloride channels.	Chlorides	138-146	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-51
9124508-1	1997	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated ATP efflux has been proposed as an autocrine mechanism for regulating chloride secretion through other types of chloride channels.	Chlorides	138-146	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	53-57
9135733-8	1997	Functional expression of CFTR assessed by in vivo nasal potential difference measurements showed transient correction of the CF chloride transport abnormality in two patients (15 days after dosing in one patient).	Chlorides	128-136	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	25-29
9066787-9	1997	Results suggest that posttranscriptional regulation of CFTR levels may contribute to maintenance of cellular chloride transport function.	Chlorides	109-117	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	55-59
9078271-4	1997	To understand the role of the CFTR in chloride transport in the kidney, we attempted to identify an epithelial cell line that can serve as a model.	Chlorides	38-46	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Canis lupus familiaris	30-34
9080369-0	1997	Endothelin-1 potently stimulates chloride secretion and inhibits Na(+)-glucose absorption in human intestine in vitro.	Chlorides	33-41	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	0-12
9102401-6	1997	A reduced susceptibility to inhibition by chloride ions contributed to the higher activation rate of Glu-plasminogen on an HPRG surface.	Chlorides	42-50	histidine rich glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	123-127
9089441-0	1997	Electrogenic sulfate/chloride exchange in Xenopus oocytes mediated by murine AE1 E699Q.	Chlorides	21-29	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	77-80
9013613-0	1997	Expression of human pICln and ClC-6 in Xenopus oocytes induces an identical endogenous chloride conductance.	Chlorides	87-95	chloride nucleotide-sensitive channel 1A	Homo sapiens	20-25
9013613-0	1997	Expression of human pICln and ClC-6 in Xenopus oocytes induces an identical endogenous chloride conductance.	Chlorides	87-95	chloride voltage-gated channel 6	Homo sapiens	30-35
9013613-1	1997	pICln is a protein that induces an outwardly rectifying, nucleotide-sensitive chloride current (ICln) when expressed in Xenopus oocytes, but its precise function (plasma-membrane anion channel versus cytosolic regulator of a channel) remains controversial.	Chlorides	78-86	chloride nucleotide-sensitive channel 1A	Homo sapiens	0-5
9013613-1	1997	pICln is a protein that induces an outwardly rectifying, nucleotide-sensitive chloride current (ICln) when expressed in Xenopus oocytes, but its precise function (plasma-membrane anion channel versus cytosolic regulator of a channel) remains controversial.	Chlorides	78-86	chloride channel, nucleotide-sensitive, 1A S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	1-5
9013613-2	1997	We now report that a chloride current identical to ICln is induced when Xenopus oocytes are injected with human ClC-6 RNA.	Chlorides	21-29	chloride channel, nucleotide-sensitive, 1A S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	51-55
9013613-2	1997	We now report that a chloride current identical to ICln is induced when Xenopus oocytes are injected with human ClC-6 RNA.	Chlorides	21-29	chloride voltage-gated channel 6	Homo sapiens	112-117
9050010-0	1997	Inhibition of cyclic AMP-dependent chloride secretion by PP receptors and alpha 2-adrenoceptors in a human colonic epithelial cell line.	Chlorides	35-43	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	57-59
9048354-6	1997	Dysfunctional CFTR in the sweat ducts of CF patients are responsible for excessive chloride and sodium losses, especially in warm weather.	Chlorides	83-91	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	14-18
9080465-0	1997	Effects of SR 48692 on neurotensin-induced calcium-activated chloride currents in the Xenopus oocyte expression system: agonist-like activity on the levocabastine-sensitive neurotensin receptor and absence of antagonist effect on the levocabastine insensitive neurotensin receptor.	Chlorides	61-69	neurotensin S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	23-34
9022075-0	1997	Human neutrophils employ the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system to convert hydroxy-amino acids into glycolaldehyde, 2-hydroxypropanal, and acrolein.	Chlorides	63-71	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	29-44
9022075-4	1997	We now demonstrate that human neutrophils employ the myeloperoxidase-H202-chloride system to produce alpha-hydroxy and alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes from hydroxy-amino acids in high yield.	Chlorides	74-82	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	53-68
9022075-9	1997	Aldehyde production by purified myeloperoxidase required H202 and chloride, and was mimicked by reagent hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in the absence of enzyme, suggesting that the reaction pathway involves a chlorinated intermediate.	Chlorides	66-74	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	32-47
9022075-10	1997	Collectively, these results indicate that the myeloperoxidase-H202-chloride system of phagocytes converts free hydroxy-amino acids into highly reactive alpha-hydroxy and alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes.	Chlorides	67-75	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	46-61
9002671-11	1997	Finally, chloride secretion in response to cAMP indicated the functional nature of the human CFTR.	Chlorides	9-17	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	93-97
9020887-2	1997	The haem enzyme myeloperoxidase catalyses its production from hydrogen peroxide and chloride.	Chlorides	84-92	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	16-31
8995422-3	1997	This model (based on hydropathy analysis) was originally proposed for GAT-1 and adopted for all other members of the sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporter superfamily.	Chlorides	129-137	solute carrier family 6 member 12	Rattus norvegicus	70-75
8995423-1	1997	A theoretical 12-transmembrane segment model based on the hydrophobic moment has been proposed for the transmembrane topology of the glycine transporter GLYT1 and all other members of the sodium- and chloride-dependent transporter family.	Chlorides	200-208	solute carrier family 6 member 9	Homo sapiens	153-158
9860191-9	1997	Our data suggest that the amount of CFTR expressed in human myocardium might be physiologically insufficient to activate detectable cAMP-dependent chloride conductance.	Chlorides	147-155	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	36-40
9366512-3	1997	Chloride secretion was assessed as changes in short circuit current (I(SC)) both in basal conditions as well as in response to different secretagogues: carbachol (100 microM), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) (10 nM) and prostaglandin E2 (1 microM).	Chlorides	0-8	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	176-209
9366512-3	1997	Chloride secretion was assessed as changes in short circuit current (I(SC)) both in basal conditions as well as in response to different secretagogues: carbachol (100 microM), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) (10 nM) and prostaglandin E2 (1 microM).	Chlorides	0-8	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	211-214
9339830-4	1997	The cytokine, IL-1beta, was measured in whole frog embryos using Western blot methods and in specific structures using immunocytochemistry after exposure to 0, 10, 25, 50 and 100 parts per billion (ppb) methylmercury chloride (mmc).	Chlorides	217-225	interleukin 1 beta S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	14-22
8973167-7	1996	The direct observation of active site-bound chloride and formate anions supports the proposal that these species act as true competitive inhibitors of RNase A and not through nonspecific electrostatic effects.	Chlorides	44-52	ribonuclease pancreatic	Bos taurus	151-158
11666906-5	1996	Oxidation of 1 with 0.5 equiv of I(2) in THF gives monomeric samarium(III) aryloxide/iodide (ArO)(2)SmI(THF)(2) (4), while the similar reaction of 1 with ClCH(2)CH(2)Cl or (t)BuCl in THF affords dimeric samarium(III) aryloxide/chloride [(ArO)(2)Sm(&mgr;-Cl)(THF)](2) (5).	Chlorides	227-235	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	93-96
8997189-0	1996	CFTR-dependent membrane insertion is linked to stimulation of the CFTR chloride conductance.	Chlorides	71-79	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-4
8997189-0	1996	CFTR-dependent membrane insertion is linked to stimulation of the CFTR chloride conductance.	Chlorides	71-79	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	66-70
8952954-9	1996	These results indicate that ISK might be important for maintaining cAMP-induced chloride secretion in the rat trachea epithelia.	Chlorides	80-88	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E regulatory subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
9195485-4	1996	It is shown that the activity of soybean lipoxygenase-1 is enhanced by chloride anion, phosphate, formate, borate, etc., especially at a lower concentration of substrate.	Chlorides	71-85	seed linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase-1	Glycine max	41-55
8913591-4	1996	Ca(2+)-activated [3H]ryanodine binding was increased approximately 4.5-fold after reconstitution of skeletal muscle RYR protein into liposomes, and [3H]ryanodine binding to reconstituted RYR protein was similar in chloride- and propionate-containing media, suggesting that the sensitivity of the RYR protein to changes in the anionic composition of the media may be diminished upon reconstitution.	Chlorides	214-222	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	187-190
8968386-5	1996	The hematopoietic system regulatory peptide acetyl-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro was split to two dipeptides by N-ACE, depending on the chloride concentration, 8 to 24 times faster than by germinal ACE; at 100 mM Cl-, the Kcat with N-ACE was eight times higher.	Chlorides	122-130	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	100-103
8910547-2	1996	During intestinal chloride secretion, epithelial uptake of salts is accomplished largely by a bumetanide-sensitive Na:K:2Cl cotransporter designated here as NKCC.	Chlorides	18-26	solute carrier family 12 member 1	Homo sapiens	115-137
8910547-2	1996	During intestinal chloride secretion, epithelial uptake of salts is accomplished largely by a bumetanide-sensitive Na:K:2Cl cotransporter designated here as NKCC.	Chlorides	18-26	solute carrier family 12 member 1	Homo sapiens	157-161
8917596-3	1996	By coexpressing CLC-1 and CLC-2 in Xenopus oocytes, we now show the formation of novel CLC-1/CLC-2 heterooligomers that yield time-independent linear chloride currents with a chloride-->bromide-->iodide selectivity sequence.	Chlorides	175-183	chloride voltage-gated channel 2 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	93-98
8910405-4	1996	The electrical currents previously shown to be associated with ASCT1-mediated transport result from activation of a thermodynamically uncoupled chloride conductance with permeation properties similar to those described for the glutamate transporter subfamily.	Chlorides	144-152	solute carrier family 1 member 4	Homo sapiens	63-68
8971729-1	1996	Effects of various forms of stress on the GABAA receptor-chloride ionophore complex in the brain of NMRI mice were investigated.	Chlorides	57-65	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	42-47
8940038-0	1996	Annexin II modulates volume-activated chloride currents in vascular endothelial cells.	Chlorides	38-46	annexin A2	Bos taurus	0-10
8940038-2	1996	We have analyzed its role in the regulation of volume-activated chloride currents (ICl, vol) by loading the cells via the patch pipette with a peptide comprising the N-terminal 14 residues of annexin II.	Chlorides	64-72	annexin A2	Bos taurus	192-202
8917596-3	1996	By coexpressing CLC-1 and CLC-2 in Xenopus oocytes, we now show the formation of novel CLC-1/CLC-2 heterooligomers that yield time-independent linear chloride currents with a chloride-->bromide-->iodide selectivity sequence.	Chlorides	150-158	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	16-21
8917596-3	1996	By coexpressing CLC-1 and CLC-2 in Xenopus oocytes, we now show the formation of novel CLC-1/CLC-2 heterooligomers that yield time-independent linear chloride currents with a chloride-->bromide-->iodide selectivity sequence.	Chlorides	150-158	chloride voltage-gated channel 2 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	26-31
8917596-3	1996	By coexpressing CLC-1 and CLC-2 in Xenopus oocytes, we now show the formation of novel CLC-1/CLC-2 heterooligomers that yield time-independent linear chloride currents with a chloride-->bromide-->iodide selectivity sequence.	Chlorides	150-158	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	87-92
8917596-3	1996	By coexpressing CLC-1 and CLC-2 in Xenopus oocytes, we now show the formation of novel CLC-1/CLC-2 heterooligomers that yield time-independent linear chloride currents with a chloride-->bromide-->iodide selectivity sequence.	Chlorides	150-158	chloride voltage-gated channel 2 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	93-98
8917596-3	1996	By coexpressing CLC-1 and CLC-2 in Xenopus oocytes, we now show the formation of novel CLC-1/CLC-2 heterooligomers that yield time-independent linear chloride currents with a chloride-->bromide-->iodide selectivity sequence.	Chlorides	175-183	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	16-21
8917596-3	1996	By coexpressing CLC-1 and CLC-2 in Xenopus oocytes, we now show the formation of novel CLC-1/CLC-2 heterooligomers that yield time-independent linear chloride currents with a chloride-->bromide-->iodide selectivity sequence.	Chlorides	175-183	chloride voltage-gated channel 2 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	26-31
8917596-3	1996	By coexpressing CLC-1 and CLC-2 in Xenopus oocytes, we now show the formation of novel CLC-1/CLC-2 heterooligomers that yield time-independent linear chloride currents with a chloride-->bromide-->iodide selectivity sequence.	Chlorides	175-183	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	87-92
8913591-6	1996	We postulate that media containing supraphysiological concentrations of chloride or other inorganic anions may enhance skeletal muscle RYR activity by favoring a conformational state of the channel that exhibits increased activation by Ca2+ in comparison to the Ca2+ activation exhibited by this channel in native membranes in the presence of physiological chloride (< or = 10 mM).	Chlorides	72-80	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	135-138
8913591-6	1996	We postulate that media containing supraphysiological concentrations of chloride or other inorganic anions may enhance skeletal muscle RYR activity by favoring a conformational state of the channel that exhibits increased activation by Ca2+ in comparison to the Ca2+ activation exhibited by this channel in native membranes in the presence of physiological chloride (< or = 10 mM).	Chlorides	357-365	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	135-138
8913591-4	1996	Ca(2+)-activated [3H]ryanodine binding was increased approximately 4.5-fold after reconstitution of skeletal muscle RYR protein into liposomes, and [3H]ryanodine binding to reconstituted RYR protein was similar in chloride- and propionate-containing media, suggesting that the sensitivity of the RYR protein to changes in the anionic composition of the media may be diminished upon reconstitution.	Chlorides	214-222	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	187-190
8913591-5	1996	Together, our results demonstrate a close correlation between chloride-dependent increases in SR Ca2+ permeability and increased Ca2+ activation of skeletal muscle RYR channels.	Chlorides	62-70	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	164-167
8922750-0	1996	Potentiation by sevoflurane of the gamma-aminobutyric acid-induced chloride current in acutely dissociated CA1 pyramidal neurones from rat hippocampus.	Chlorides	67-75	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
8922750-2	1996	The effects of a new kind of volatile anaesthetic, sevoflurane (Sev), on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride current (Icl) in single neurones dissociated from the rat hippocampal CA1 area were examined using the nystatin perforated patch recording configuration under the voltage-clamp condition.	Chlorides	110-118	kallikrein 1-related peptidase C9	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
8922750-19	1996	It is concluded that Sev acts on the GABAA receptor complex mimicking the GABA-induced chloride current at high concentrations.	Chlorides	87-95	kallikrein 1-related peptidase C9	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
8922750-20	1996	At low concentrations, Sev enhances GABA-gated chloride current at a binding site independent of the allosteric modulator sites of barbiturates, benzodiazepines or neurosteroids.	Chlorides	47-55	kallikrein 1-related peptidase C9	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
10729885-6	1996	2 ml of TL-201 chloride (74 MBp) is injected to locate the leakage in the system with planar images with a gamma camera (Elscint SP 6), 30 min, 2, 3, and 24 h after injection.	Chlorides	15-23	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	28-31
8881023-5	1996	In cells expressing wild-type beta1 with mutated alpha1 subunits, an additional chloride current could be elicited by GABA but the rise time and decay were slower than for wild-type alpha1beta1 receptors.	Chlorides	80-88	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	30-35
8881023-5	1996	In cells expressing wild-type beta1 with mutated alpha1 subunits, an additional chloride current could be elicited by GABA but the rise time and decay were slower than for wild-type alpha1beta1 receptors.	Chlorides	80-88	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	49-55
8896562-9	1996	We conclude that DRA is an intestinal anion transport molecule that causes chloride diarrhoea when mutated.	Chlorides	75-83	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	17-20
8900131-5	1996	Wortmannin also partially reversed EGF-induced, but not carbachol-induced, inhibition of thapsigargin-stimulated chloride secretion.	Chlorides	113-121	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	35-38
8900131-13	1996	Our data suggest that EGF activates PI 3-kinase and that its lipid products may mediate the inhibitory effect of EGF on calcium-dependent chloride secretion.	Chlorides	138-146	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	22-25
8900131-13	1996	Our data suggest that EGF activates PI 3-kinase and that its lipid products may mediate the inhibitory effect of EGF on calcium-dependent chloride secretion.	Chlorides	138-146	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	113-116
8831588-10	1996	CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that IL-10 enhances intestinal electroneutral sodium and chloride absorption, inhibits stimulated chloride secretion, and under some secretory conditions stimulates bicarbonate secretion.	Chlorides	87-95	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	35-40
8831588-10	1996	CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that IL-10 enhances intestinal electroneutral sodium and chloride absorption, inhibits stimulated chloride secretion, and under some secretory conditions stimulates bicarbonate secretion.	Chlorides	128-136	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	35-40
8910205-9	1996	When probed with CsC1 gradients the relative chloride permeability (PC1/PCs) was estimated as 0.14 for GluR-B(R) and 0.74 for GluR-6(R)-subunit channels.	Chlorides	45-53	transmembrane protein 63C	Homo sapiens	17-21
8910205-9	1996	When probed with CsC1 gradients the relative chloride permeability (PC1/PCs) was estimated as 0.14 for GluR-B(R) and 0.74 for GluR-6(R)-subunit channels.	Chlorides	45-53	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Homo sapiens	68-71
8910205-9	1996	When probed with CsC1 gradients the relative chloride permeability (PC1/PCs) was estimated as 0.14 for GluR-B(R) and 0.74 for GluR-6(R)-subunit channels.	Chlorides	45-53	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Homo sapiens	103-109
8910205-9	1996	When probed with CsC1 gradients the relative chloride permeability (PC1/PCs) was estimated as 0.14 for GluR-B(R) and 0.74 for GluR-6(R)-subunit channels.	Chlorides	45-53	glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 2	Homo sapiens	126-132
9019735-0	1996	Identification of ClC-2-like chloride currents in pig pancreatic acinar cells.	Chlorides	29-37	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Sus scrofa	18-23
11667590-1	1996	Aroyl chlorides react with terminal alkynes accompanied by decarbonylation in the presence of a catalytic amount of [RhCl(cod)](2) and PPh(3) to give the corresponding vinyl chloride derivatives regio- and stereoselectively in good yields.	Chlorides	6-14	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	135-141
8831588-5	1996	RESULTS: Jejunal and ileal tissue responded to serosal addition of IL-10 with a transient decrease in short-circuit current reflecting an IL-10-induced increase in net sodium and chloride absorption because of an increase in mucosal to serosal ion movement.	Chlorides	179-187	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	67-72
8831588-5	1996	RESULTS: Jejunal and ileal tissue responded to serosal addition of IL-10 with a transient decrease in short-circuit current reflecting an IL-10-induced increase in net sodium and chloride absorption because of an increase in mucosal to serosal ion movement.	Chlorides	179-187	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	138-143
8831588-7	1996	IL-10 reversed, or markedly attenuated, forskolin- and carbachol-induced net chloride secretion.	Chlorides	77-85	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
8896810-8	1996	The present results suggest that the glycine-induced chloride current is cAMP dependent and is inhibited by PKA, and that the potentiation of the glycine response by DAGO is also cAMP dependent and is due to the inhibition of PKA as that of H-89.	Chlorides	53-61	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	108-111
8896606-0	1996	Chloride ion efflux regulates adherence, spreading, and respiratory burst of neutrophils stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) on biologic surfaces.	Chlorides	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	103-130
8896606-0	1996	Chloride ion efflux regulates adherence, spreading, and respiratory burst of neutrophils stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) on biologic surfaces.	Chlorides	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	132-135
8896606-1	1996	Chloride ion efflux is an early event occurring after exposure of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in suspension to several agonists, including cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (Shimizu, Y., R.H. Daniels, M.A.	Chlorides	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	177-204
8896606-1	1996	Chloride ion efflux is an early event occurring after exposure of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in suspension to several agonists, including cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (Shimizu, Y., R.H. Daniels, M.A.	Chlorides	0-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	206-209
8896606-1	1996	Chloride ion efflux is an early event occurring after exposure of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in suspension to several agonists, including cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (Shimizu, Y., R.H. Daniels, M.A.	Chlorides	0-8	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	215-263
8896606-10	1996	Occupancy of the TNF-R55 and engagement of beta 2 integrins cosignaled for an early, marked, and prolonged Cl- efflux that was accompanied by a fall in intracellular chloride levels (Cl-i).	Chlorides	166-174	TNF receptor superfamily member 1A	Homo sapiens	17-24
8896606-10	1996	Occupancy of the TNF-R55 and engagement of beta 2 integrins cosignaled for an early, marked, and prolonged Cl- efflux that was accompanied by a fall in intracellular chloride levels (Cl-i).	Chlorides	166-174	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	43-49
8823292-2	1996	One important pathway involves the generation of potent halogenating agents by the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system.	Chlorides	117-125	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	83-98
8798498-0	1996	Molecular chlorine generated by the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system of phagocytes converts low density lipoprotein cholesterol into a family of chlorinated sterols.	Chlorides	70-78	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	36-51
8823292-5	1996	In this study gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of head space gas revealed that the complete myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system generated Cl2.	Chlorides	140-148	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	106-121
8875228-6	1996	We demonstrate that 5% of the normal level of Cftr gene expression results in a disproportionately large correction of the chloride ion transport defect (50% of normal) and essentially complete rescue of the intestinal disease (100% survival).	Chlorides	123-131	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	46-50
8702981-1	1996	Substrate competition methods that were previously used to quantitate the involvement of free Cl2 in the chloride-dependent peroxidatic reactions catalyzed by chloroperoxidase (CPO) (Libby, R. D., Shedd, A. L., Phipps, K. A., Beachy, T. M., and Gerstberger, S. M., (1992) J. Biol.	Chlorides	105-113	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	94-97
8887755-0	1996	The chloride current induced by expression of the protein pICln in Xenopus oocytes differs from the endogenous volume-sensitive chloride current.	Chlorides	4-12	chloride nucleotide-sensitive channel 1A	Homo sapiens	58-63
8819520-14	1996	The failure of diazepam to suppress NK activity also suggests that increased chloride flux through diazepam-sensitive GABA-A receptors (which is caused by EtOH as well as diazepam) does not mediate NK suppression in this model.	Chlorides	77-85	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	118-124
8973379-1	1996	The chloride conductance that arises from the stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors has been shown to be carried by a cardiac isoform of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channels.	Chlorides	4-12	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	133-184
8973379-1	1996	The chloride conductance that arises from the stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors has been shown to be carried by a cardiac isoform of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channels.	Chlorides	4-12	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	186-190
8890325-7	1996	Low-threshold (T-type) Ca2+ currents, at test voltages of -50 and -40 mV, were on average < 45% of control amplitude in cells containing 10 mM QX-314 (chloride salt) and < 10% of control amplitude in cells with 10 mM QX-314 (bromide salt).	Chlorides	154-167	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
8887755-0	1996	The chloride current induced by expression of the protein pICln in Xenopus oocytes differs from the endogenous volume-sensitive chloride current.	Chlorides	128-136	chloride nucleotide-sensitive channel 1A	Homo sapiens	58-63
8887755-2	1996	Phenotypical similarities between ICl,swell, the cell-swelling-induced chloride current and ICln, the nucleotide-sensitive chloride current induced by expression of mammalian pICln in Xenopus oocytes, have led to models which identify pICln either as the volume-sensitive chloride channel or as a cytosolic regulator thereof.	Chlorides	123-131	chloride nucleotide-sensitive channel 1A	Homo sapiens	92-96
8887755-2	1996	Phenotypical similarities between ICl,swell, the cell-swelling-induced chloride current and ICln, the nucleotide-sensitive chloride current induced by expression of mammalian pICln in Xenopus oocytes, have led to models which identify pICln either as the volume-sensitive chloride channel or as a cytosolic regulator thereof.	Chlorides	123-131	chloride nucleotide-sensitive channel 1A	Homo sapiens	175-180
8887755-12	1996	We therefore conclude that ICln and ICl,swell are two different chloride currents.	Chlorides	64-72	chloride channel, nucleotide-sensitive, 1A S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	27-31
9018986-2	1996	The rise in protein level in CSF was found to be nonspecific and estimation of glucose and chloride in CSF has lost its significance.	Chlorides	91-99	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	103-106
8872961-10	1996	In the third series of experiments, decreasing extracellular chloride exaggerated AA constriction by 0.1 nM of Ang II (from 13 +/- 2 to 20 +/- 3%, N = 6, P < 0.05).	Chlorides	61-69	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	111-117
8761461-8	1996	Two catalytic criteria demonstrate the functional resemblance of AnCE with the human ACE C domain: first, the kcat/Km of AcSDKP hydrolysis and secondly, the kcat/Km and optimal chloride concentration for hippuryl-His-Leu hydrolysis.	Chlorides	177-185	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	85-88
8770004-2	1996	Single CFTR currents recorded on cell show slight outward rectification, which has previously been suggested to be due to an asymmetrical chloride ion gradient or to a specific interaction between permeant intracellular anions and the channel.	Chlorides	138-146	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cricetulus griseus	7-11
8770004-5	1996	These results are discussed in terms of previous models of CFTR current outward rectification, and it is suggested that this rectification may result from a combination of asymmetrical chloride concentrations and voltage-dependent block of the channel by large cytoplasmic anions.	Chlorides	185-193	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cricetulus griseus	59-63
8796127-0	1996	Effect of chloride channel blockers on the cardiac CFTR chloride and L-type calcium currents.	Chlorides	10-18	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cavia porcellus	51-55
8697849-8	1996	Five men were compound heterozygotes for CFTR mutations, four of whom had positive sweat tests (sweat chloride > 60 mEq/L).	Chlorides	102-110	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	41-45
8713101-1	1996	Guanylin (GCAP-I, guanylate cyclase activating peptide I) and uroguanylin (GCAP-II, guanylate cyclase activating peptide II) are regulatory peptides involved in the regulation of the intestinal chloride / water balance.	Chlorides	194-202	guanylate cyclase activator 2A	Homo sapiens	0-8
8713101-1	1996	Guanylin (GCAP-I, guanylate cyclase activating peptide I) and uroguanylin (GCAP-II, guanylate cyclase activating peptide II) are regulatory peptides involved in the regulation of the intestinal chloride / water balance.	Chlorides	194-202	guanylate cyclase activator 2B	Homo sapiens	18-73
8807590-11	1996	On the basis of these results we suggest that CFTR is a major mediator of forskolin-stimulated chloride and fluid secretion by epithelial cells of human polycystic kidneys in vitro.	Chlorides	95-103	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	46-50
8713101-1	1996	Guanylin (GCAP-I, guanylate cyclase activating peptide I) and uroguanylin (GCAP-II, guanylate cyclase activating peptide II) are regulatory peptides involved in the regulation of the intestinal chloride / water balance.	Chlorides	194-202	guanylate cyclase activator 2B	Homo sapiens	75-82
8807590-4	1996	To establish whether the cAMP-regulated chloride transporter, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), may potentially be involved in the chloride transport and fluid secretion of ADPKD epithelia, we examined CFTR mRNA and protein in these cultures.	Chlorides	40-48	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	62-113
8760239-7	1996	In chloride-free buffer (chloride replaced with impermeant anions), sustained calcium response to endothelin-1 was reduced by 72 +/- 8 (n = 8) and by 65 +/- 4% (n = 8) in the presence of the chloride channel inhibitor, 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (55 microM).	Chlorides	3-11	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-110
8760239-7	1996	In chloride-free buffer (chloride replaced with impermeant anions), sustained calcium response to endothelin-1 was reduced by 72 +/- 8 (n = 8) and by 65 +/- 4% (n = 8) in the presence of the chloride channel inhibitor, 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (55 microM).	Chlorides	25-33	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-110
8881817-10	1996	For SNP, increased delta SCC is at least due in part to chloride secretion, and the response seems to be transduced through enteric nerves and by local prostanoid synthesis.	Chlorides	56-64	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	25-28
8759921-5	1996	Recent studies of CI(-)-stimulated ATPase activity and chloride transport in the same membrane system, including liposomes, suggest a mediation by the ATPase in net movement of chloride up its electrochemical gradient across animal plasma membranes.	Chlorides	55-63	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	151-157
8759921-5	1996	Recent studies of CI(-)-stimulated ATPase activity and chloride transport in the same membrane system, including liposomes, suggest a mediation by the ATPase in net movement of chloride up its electrochemical gradient across animal plasma membranes.	Chlorides	177-185	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	35-41
8759921-5	1996	Recent studies of CI(-)-stimulated ATPase activity and chloride transport in the same membrane system, including liposomes, suggest a mediation by the ATPase in net movement of chloride up its electrochemical gradient across animal plasma membranes.	Chlorides	177-185	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	151-157
8759925-1	1996	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in an ATP-dependent channel which mediates cAMP-stimulated chloride secretion by epithelia, particularly those of the pancreas, airways, and intestine.	Chlorides	122-130	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-55
8759925-1	1996	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in an ATP-dependent channel which mediates cAMP-stimulated chloride secretion by epithelia, particularly those of the pancreas, airways, and intestine.	Chlorides	122-130	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
8807590-4	1996	To establish whether the cAMP-regulated chloride transporter, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), may potentially be involved in the chloride transport and fluid secretion of ADPKD epithelia, we examined CFTR mRNA and protein in these cultures.	Chlorides	40-48	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	115-119
8807590-4	1996	To establish whether the cAMP-regulated chloride transporter, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), may potentially be involved in the chloride transport and fluid secretion of ADPKD epithelia, we examined CFTR mRNA and protein in these cultures.	Chlorides	40-48	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	228-232
9222597-8	1996	Treatment of the delta F508 CFTR-expressing cells with any one of these compounds, which we now refer to as "chemical chaperones", restored the ability of the mutant cells to exhibit forskolin-dependent chloride transport, similar to that observed for the cells expressing the wild-type CFTR protein.	Chlorides	203-211	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	28-32
8766008-11	1996	Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides sensing ICln considerably impeded the swelling-induced chloride current (ICl) in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts.	Chlorides	87-95	chloride nucleotide-sensitive channel 1A pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	40-44
8766014-3	1996	Firstly, whole-cell currents recorded 2 days after infection with CFTR revealed a statistically significant increase of membrane conductance, approximately 25 times above that of mock-infected control cells, with the reversal potential of the major current component being governed by the chloride equilibrium potential (ECl).	Chlorides	289-297	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	66-70
8766014-4	1996	Secondly, in contrast to uninfected cells and cells infected with beta-galactosidase, the membrane conductance to chloride of CFTR-injected cells was stimulated by cytosolic adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), which was raised by exposing the cells to 10 microM forskolin.	Chlorides	114-122	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	66-84
8766014-4	1996	Secondly, in contrast to uninfected cells and cells infected with beta-galactosidase, the membrane conductance to chloride of CFTR-injected cells was stimulated by cytosolic adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), which was raised by exposing the cells to 10 microM forskolin.	Chlorides	114-122	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	126-130
8692817-4	1996	Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides directed against CFTR significantly reduced the density of cAMP-dependent chloride currents in acutely cultured myocytes, thereby establishing a direct functional link between cardiac expression of CFTR protein and an endogenous chloride channel in native cardiac myocytes.	Chlorides	106-114	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	49-53
8692817-4	1996	Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides directed against CFTR significantly reduced the density of cAMP-dependent chloride currents in acutely cultured myocytes, thereby establishing a direct functional link between cardiac expression of CFTR protein and an endogenous chloride channel in native cardiac myocytes.	Chlorides	106-114	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	230-234
8656286-3	1996	Agonist stimulation of DopR99B receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes increased intracellular Ca2+ levels monitored as changes in an endogenous inward Ca2+-dependent chloride current.	Chlorides	166-174	Dopamine 1-like receptor 2	Drosophila melanogaster	23-30
8662902-0	1996	Inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate inhibits the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-activated chloride conductance in T84 colonic epithelial cells.	Chlorides	97-105	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	48-86
8662902-2	1996	Our studies focused on the calcium-dependent chloride conductance (gClCa) that was activated either by mobilizing intracellular calcium (Cai) stores with thapsigargin or by introduction of the autonomous, autophosphorylated calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) into the cell via the patch pipette.	Chlorides	45-53	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	224-262
8662902-2	1996	Our studies focused on the calcium-dependent chloride conductance (gClCa) that was activated either by mobilizing intracellular calcium (Cai) stores with thapsigargin or by introduction of the autonomous, autophosphorylated calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) into the cell via the patch pipette.	Chlorides	45-53	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	264-270
8856153-10	1996	Similarly des-Arg-BK caused no acute chloride secretory response in colonic epithelia from B2 knockout mice, however small responses appeared if tissues were incubated in vitro for 3-6 h. It is concluded that cftr chloride channels and B2rs are required for electrogenic chloride secretion.	Chlorides	214-222	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	209-213
8792313-12	1996	This secretion depends upon the presence, on the apical membrane of these cells of the CFTR, a chloride channel activated by cAMP and of a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger.	Chlorides	95-103	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	87-91
8967457-9	1996	We estimate that forskolin-stimulated chloride conductance of delta F508-CFTR C127I cells is < 5% of CFTR cells.	Chlorides	38-46	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	73-77
8735651-0	1996	cAMP-induced chloride transport in NCL-SG3 sweat gland cells.	Chlorides	13-21	nucleolin	Homo sapiens	35-38
8735651-3	1996	Chloride channel blockers (9-AC, DPC and NPPB) inhibited the cAMP-induced chloride efflux.	Chlorides	74-82	natriuretic peptide B	Homo sapiens	41-45
8743485-4	1996	The tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism maintains a constant chloride concentration at the macula densa at a set point determined by the volume state of the animal, a effect probably important for adjustment of renin secretion to changing salt balance.	Chlorides	61-69	renin	Homo sapiens	211-216
8967457-9	1996	We estimate that forskolin-stimulated chloride conductance of delta F508-CFTR C127I cells is < 5% of CFTR cells.	Chlorides	38-46	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	104-108
8967437-0	1996	P-glycoprotein-associated chloride currents revealed by specific block by an anti-P-glycoprotein antibody.	Chlorides	26-34	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	0-14
8797276-4	1996	Neutrophil respiratory burst activity and the bactericidal activity associated with this phenomenon, i.e. the MPO/peroxide/chloride bactericidal system, were inhibited by casein through the modification of the oxygen radical generating pathway or oxygen radical scavenging.	Chlorides	123-131	myeloperoxidase	Bos taurus	110-113
8967437-0	1996	P-glycoprotein-associated chloride currents revealed by specific block by an anti-P-glycoprotein antibody.	Chlorides	26-34	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	82-96
8786336-7	1996	Taken together, these results show that leucokinin acts through intracellular Ca2+, independently of cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP, to raise the chloride permeability of the epithelium.	Chlorides	140-148	Leucokinin	Drosophila melanogaster	40-50
8733574-3	1996	ICln expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes gives rise to an outwardly rectifying chloride current, sensitive to the extracellular addition of nucleotides and the known chloride channel blockers, DIDS (4,4"-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulphonic acid) and NPPB (5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid).	Chlorides	79-87	chloride channel, nucleotide-sensitive, 1A S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-4
11666433-6	1996	The activation volume for substitution of one chloride on trans-Au(NH(3))(2)Cl(2)(+) is (-4.5 +/- 0.5) cm(3) mol(-)(1), and that for reduction of trans-Au(NH(3))(2)(SCN)(2)(+) (4.6 +/- 0.9) cm(3) mol(-)(1).	Chlorides	46-54	sorcin	Homo sapiens	165-168
8622979-2	1996	Cells expressing the most common mutation (delF508) of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) exhibit a higher resting intracellular pH and are unable to secrete chloride and bicarbonate in response to cAMP.	Chlorides	174-182	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	59-98
8622979-2	1996	Cells expressing the most common mutation (delF508) of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) exhibit a higher resting intracellular pH and are unable to secrete chloride and bicarbonate in response to cAMP.	Chlorides	174-182	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	100-104
8605205-10	1996	Disruption of the manganese cluster either by removal of the chloride-sensitive manganese or extraction of the manganese cluster by alkaline Tris led to a 5-6-fold decrease in Ka1 and about a 3-fold decrease in Ka2.	Chlorides	61-69	glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 4	Homo sapiens	176-179
8605205-10	1996	Disruption of the manganese cluster either by removal of the chloride-sensitive manganese or extraction of the manganese cluster by alkaline Tris led to a 5-6-fold decrease in Ka1 and about a 3-fold decrease in Ka2.	Chlorides	61-69	glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 5	Homo sapiens	211-214
8600515-5	1996	Electrophysiologic data from intestinal mucosa showed that the NSP4 114-135 peptide potentiates chloride secretion by a calcium-dependent signaling pathway.	Chlorides	96-104	protease, serine 57	Mus musculus	63-67
8795459-11	1996	The action of NPE basolateral membranal CA IV is probably linked to the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger.	Chlorides	72-80	carbonic anhydrase 4	Oryctolagus cuniculus	40-45
8903066-12	1996	This secretion depends on the presence on the apical membrane of these cells of the CFTR, a chloride channel activated by cAMP, and of a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger.	Chlorides	92-100	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (ATP-binding cassette sub-family C, member 7)	Xenopus laevis	84-88
8655347-3	1996	This gene product, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), in turn leads to a decreased chloride secretion.	Chlorides	108-116	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	19-70
8655347-3	1996	This gene product, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), in turn leads to a decreased chloride secretion.	Chlorides	108-116	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	72-76
8596959-2	1996	Loss of CFTR-mediated chloride ion conductance from the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells is a primary physiological lesion in cystic fibrosis.	Chlorides	22-30	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	8-12
8631774-0	1996	Interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 differentially regulate epithelial chloride secretion.	Chlorides	68-76	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	0-13
8631774-0	1996	Interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 differentially regulate epithelial chloride secretion.	Chlorides	68-76	interleukin 13	Homo sapiens	18-32
8641448-5	1996	The expressed MEL-sensitive receptor probably activates Ca(2+)-dependent chloride currents via a PTX-sensitive G protein and the phosphoinositol pathway.	Chlorides	73-81	clone X2.0 melatonin receptor L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	14-17
8882604-3	1996	When a recombinant P2Y1 purinoceptor (derived from chick brain) is expressed in Xenopus oocytes, ATP and 2-methylthioATP (2-MeSATP) evoke calcium-activated chloride currents (ICl,Ca) in a concentration-dependent manner.	Chlorides	156-164	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Gallus gallus	19-23
8605891-3	1996	The G551D mutant mice show greatly reduced CFTR-related chloride transport, displaying activity intermediate between that of cftr(mlUNC) replacement ("null") and cftr(mlHGU) insertional (residual activity) mutants and equivalent to approximately 4% of wild-type CFTR activity.	Chlorides	56-64	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	43-47
8904221-4	1996	Both ClC-K1 and ClC-K2 are involved in the transcellular chloride transport in the different nephron segments and may be involved in certain disorders of tubular function.	Chlorides	57-65	chloride voltage-gated channel Ka	Homo sapiens	5-11
8904221-4	1996	Both ClC-K1 and ClC-K2 are involved in the transcellular chloride transport in the different nephron segments and may be involved in certain disorders of tubular function.	Chlorides	57-65	chloride voltage-gated channel Kb	Homo sapiens	16-22
8567631-1	1996	A chloride-dependent mechanism for the conversion of free amino acids into reactive aldehydes by myeloperoxidase.	Chlorides	2-10	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	97-112
8621734-0	1996	Chloride and potassium conductances of mouse pancreatic zymogen granules are inversely regulated by a approximately 80-kDa mdr1a gene product.	Chlorides	0-8	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1A	Mus musculus	123-128
8571958-1	1996	Mutations within CLCN1, the gene encoding the major skeletal muscle chloride channel, cause either dominant Thomsen disease or recessive Becker-type myotonia, which are sometimes difficult to discriminate, because of reduced penetrance or lower clinical expressivity in females.	Chlorides	68-76	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	17-22
8838092-3	1996	Therefore mutation of CFTR causes the abnormality of the chloride ion secretion.	Chlorides	57-65	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	22-26
8579598-3	1996	We were therefore interested in whether pICln is involved in the endothelial volume-sensitive chloride current.	Chlorides	94-102	chloride nucleotide-sensitive channel 1A	Homo sapiens	40-45
8821550-22	1996	It is concluded that CPA activates a transient calcium-dependent chloride current as a consequence of calcium release from intracellular stores; this current would result in depolarization and opening of voltage-operated calcium channels, which mediate the nifedipine-sensitive component of muscle contraction.	Chlorides	65-73	carboxypeptidase A1, pancreatic	Mus musculus	21-24
8929821-1	1996	OBJECTIVE: To develop methods based on enzyme activation for the analysis of sweat sodium and chloride using beta-galactosidase and alpha-amylase, respectively.	Chlorides	94-102	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	109-127
8567631-4	1996	We now report that activated neutrophils utilize the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-chloride system to convert L-tyrosine to p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde.	Chlorides	74-82	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	53-68
8567631-9	1996	Collectively, these results indicate that activated phagocytes, under physiological conditions, utilize myeloperoxidase to execute the chloride-dependent conversion of L-tyrosine to the lipid-soluble aldehyde, p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, in near quantitative yield.	Chlorides	135-143	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	104-119
8825615-6	1996	Purified EPO when combined with H2O2 in a chloride-containing medium is virucidal to HIV-1.	Chlorides	42-50	eosinophil peroxidase	Homo sapiens	9-12
8559248-5	1996	Heterologous expression of wild-type CLCN5 in Xenopus oocytes yielded outwardly rectifying chloride currents, which were either abolished or markedly reduced by the mutations.	Chlorides	91-99	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 5 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	37-42
8557666-5	1996	This accumulation was accompanied by an increase in mean whole cell cAMP activated chloride conductance, suggesting that the glycerol-rescued delta F508 polypeptides form functional plasma membrane CFTR channels.	Chlorides	83-91	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	198-202
8818202-7	1996	In conclusion, these results confirm that PYY inhibits electrogenic chloride secretion and show that NaF stimulates it, and suggest that NaF reduces PYY-induced inhibition via a G-dependent and a G-independent functional pathway.	Chlorides	68-76	peptide YY	Oryctolagus cuniculus	42-45
9014143-1	1996	We have studied the effect of extracellular pH (pHo) on the GABAA receptor-mediated chloride conductance in acutely isolated pyramidal neurons from area CA1 of the rat hippocampus under whole-cell voltage clamp in bicarbonate-free solutions.	Chlorides	84-92	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	153-156
8877269-5	1996	Recent studies of Cl(-)-stimulated ATPase activity and chloride transport in the same membrane system, including liposomes, suggest a mediation by the ATPase in net movement of chloride up its electrochemical gradient across plasma membranes.	Chlorides	55-63	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	151-157
8877269-5	1996	Recent studies of Cl(-)-stimulated ATPase activity and chloride transport in the same membrane system, including liposomes, suggest a mediation by the ATPase in net movement of chloride up its electrochemical gradient across plasma membranes.	Chlorides	177-185	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	35-41
8877269-5	1996	Recent studies of Cl(-)-stimulated ATPase activity and chloride transport in the same membrane system, including liposomes, suggest a mediation by the ATPase in net movement of chloride up its electrochemical gradient across plasma membranes.	Chlorides	177-185	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	151-157
8929628-7	1996	Patients with oxytocin resistant labour had lower intracellular potassium (p < .0006) and phosphorus (p < .02), and higher chloride (p < .05) and sodium (p < .03) compared to levels found in patients who responded to oxytocin treatment.	Chlorides	129-137	oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	14-22
8929628-9	1996	The reduced level of potassium and phosphorus together with the high sodium and chloride levels found in patients with oxytocin resistant labour may be connected to an impairment in sodium-potassium pump and muscle dysfunction, clinically diagnosed as dystocia.	Chlorides	80-88	oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	119-127
8878363-3	1996	The chemical analysis of fog during 32 episodes of local fog (pH, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, sodium, ammonia, potassium, magnesium, calcium) has shown a greater concentration of pollutants and greater acidity in the smaller particles (2-6 microns) which are able to penetrate the bronchial tree.	Chlorides	66-74	zinc finger protein, FOG family member 1	Homo sapiens	25-28
8999463-1	1996	2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA) is a simple nucleoside derived from deoxyadenosine by substituting chloride for hydrogen in 2" position of the purine ring, which renders it resistant to degradation by adenosine deaminase.	Chlorides	98-106	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	26-29
7576703-0	1995	CFTR-mediated chloride permeability is regulated by type III phosphodiesterases in airway epithelial cells.	Chlorides	14-22	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
8560499-8	1995	Cd significantly increased, whereas LPS reduced, the activities of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase.	Chlorides	0-2	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Rattus norvegicus	113-134
8560499-12	1995	The amount of total cytochrome P450 enzymes and cytochrome b5 were decreased by LPS, Cd and alpha-H, while Zn appeared to have no effect.	Chlorides	85-87	cytochrome b5 type A	Rattus norvegicus	48-61
7576703-8	1995	Whole-cell patch clamp analysis revealed that milrinone generated chloride conductances with properties consistent with those of CFTR.	Chlorides	66-74	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	129-133
8720036-4	1995	(2) ANP infusion significantly increased urine flow rate (UFR), creatinine clearance (CCr), fractional excretion rates of sodium (FENa) and chloride (FECl), and urinary phosphorus and magnesium (Mg) excretions in a dose-dependent manner without affecting renal plasma flow and fractional excretion rates of potassium and urea in cisplatin-treated rats.	Chlorides	140-148	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
7589855-1	1995	Although chloride ions are known to modulate insulin release and islet electrical activity, the mechanism or mechanisms mediating these effects are unclear.	Chlorides	9-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	45-52
8719928-1	1995	Guanylin is a recently discovered peptide hormone that activates intestinal guanylate cyclase (GC-C) and thereby stimulates intestinal chloride secretion.	Chlorides	135-143	guanylate cyclase activator 2A	Homo sapiens	0-8
7490619-11	1995	Thrombin-induced brain edema was accompanied by increases in brain sodium and chloride contents and a decrease in brain potassium content.	Chlorides	78-86	coagulation factor II	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
7479969-6	1995	For the GAT1 (gamma-aminobutyric acid,Na,Cl) cotransporter, expressed in Xenopus oocyte membrane, we find that chloride binding from the cytoplasmic side, and probably sodium binding from the extracellular side, results in a decrease of membrane capacitance monitored with 1- to 50-kHz perturbation frequencies.	Chlorides	111-119	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	8-12
7499295-4	1995	The chloride efflux rate (measured by 6-methoxyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl) quinolinium SPQ fluorescence) from cells expressing wild-type CFTR increased 600% in response to forskolin.	Chlorides	4-12	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	129-133
7548079-0	1995	Effect of chloride on the thermal reverse reaction of intermediates of iodopsin.	Chlorides	10-18	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	71-79
7491973-0	1995	Role of CFTR in chloride secretion across human tracheal epithelium.	Chlorides	16-24	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	8-12
8544406-10	1995	Identification of human ClC-K2 clone will be of help in understanding the genetic involvement of chloride channel in disorders of chloride transport such as Bartter"s syndrome.	Chlorides	97-105	chloride voltage-gated channel Kb	Homo sapiens	24-30
8674841-1	1995	Effects of dietary chloride ions on the levels of both cytochrome P-450aldo (CYP11B2) and angiotensin II receptors were examined in rat adrenals.	Chlorides	19-27	cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily b, polypeptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	77-84
8674841-1	1995	Effects of dietary chloride ions on the levels of both cytochrome P-450aldo (CYP11B2) and angiotensin II receptors were examined in rat adrenals.	Chlorides	19-27	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	90-104
8674841-2	1995	Capsular adrenal CYP11B2 protein levels significantly increased in previously chloride-depleted animals treated with either ammonium- or choline chloride.	Chlorides	78-86	cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily b, polypeptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	17-24
8674841-4	1995	The induction of CYP11B2 by chloride-repletion was not concurrent with either increased plasma renin activity or elevated serum potassium levels.	Chlorides	28-36	cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily b, polypeptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	17-24
8674841-6	1995	Treatment of chloride-repleted animals with an angiotensin II receptor antagonist (TCV116) significantly attenuated the increase of CYP11B2 protein levels.	Chlorides	13-21	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	47-61
8674841-6	1995	Treatment of chloride-repleted animals with an angiotensin II receptor antagonist (TCV116) significantly attenuated the increase of CYP11B2 protein levels.	Chlorides	13-21	cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily b, polypeptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	132-139
8674841-7	1995	In addition, chloride-repletion of previously chloride-depleted animals increased mRNA levels encoding angiotensin II type 1B receptor, but decreased mRNA levels encoding the type 1A form of the receptor.	Chlorides	13-21	angiotensin II receptor, type 1b	Rattus norvegicus	103-134
8674841-7	1995	In addition, chloride-repletion of previously chloride-depleted animals increased mRNA levels encoding angiotensin II type 1B receptor, but decreased mRNA levels encoding the type 1A form of the receptor.	Chlorides	46-54	angiotensin II receptor, type 1b	Rattus norvegicus	103-134
7592887-9	1995	These results indicate that cGKII, in contrast to cGKI alpha, is a potential activator of chloride transport in CFTR-expressing cell types.	Chlorides	90-98	protein kinase cGMP-dependent 2	Rattus norvegicus	28-33
7592887-9	1995	These results indicate that cGKII, in contrast to cGKI alpha, is a potential activator of chloride transport in CFTR-expressing cell types.	Chlorides	90-98	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	112-116
7472820-1	1995	OBJECTIVE: To compare differences in epithelial chloride conductance according to class of mutation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene.	Chlorides	48-56	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	107-158
7472820-1	1995	OBJECTIVE: To compare differences in epithelial chloride conductance according to class of mutation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene.	Chlorides	48-56	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	160-164
7472820-2	1995	METHODS: We evaluated the relationship between the functional classes of CFTR mutations and chloride conductance using the first diagnostic sweat chloride concentration in a large cystic fibrosis (CF) population.	Chlorides	92-100	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	73-77
7472820-2	1995	METHODS: We evaluated the relationship between the functional classes of CFTR mutations and chloride conductance using the first diagnostic sweat chloride concentration in a large cystic fibrosis (CF) population.	Chlorides	146-154	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	73-77
7472820-5	1995	However, patients with the mutations that cause reduced synthesis or partially defective processing of normal CFTR (class V) had sweat chloride concentrations similar to those in classes I to III.	Chlorides	135-143	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	110-114
7472820-6	1995	CONCLUSION: Studies of differences in chloride conductance between functional classes of CFTR mutations provide insight into phenotypic expression of the disease.	Chlorides	38-46	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	89-93
7477264-1	1995	Phospholemman (PLM) is a 72-amino-acid peptide with a single transmembrane domain, the expression of which induces chloride currents in Xenopus oocytes.	Chlorides	115-123	FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-13
7477264-1	1995	Phospholemman (PLM) is a 72-amino-acid peptide with a single transmembrane domain, the expression of which induces chloride currents in Xenopus oocytes.	Chlorides	115-123	FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	15-18
7589507-7	1995	GCAP-II stimulates chloride secretion in isolated human intestinal mucosa mediated by intracellular cGMP increase.	Chlorides	19-27	guanylate cyclase activator 2B	Homo sapiens	0-7
7554128-8	1995	The rat Cx40 channel had a maximum conductance of 180 +/- 18 pS (n = 3) in 120 mmol/L KCl and a detectable chloride permeability of 0.29 relative to potassium, indicating some selectivity for cations over anions.	Chlorides	107-115	gap junction protein, alpha 5	Rattus norvegicus	8-12
7485530-9	1995	The data are compatible with the postulated roles of AE2 in maintenance of intracellular pH and chloride concentration and with its possible participation in transepithelial transport.	Chlorides	96-104	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
7673129-6	1995	Binding of partially purified yeast-expressed AE1 to 4-acetamido-4"-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2"-disulfonate resin was competitive with the transportable substrate chloride but not the nontransported anion citrate, suggesting that the structure of the anion binding site is preserved.	Chlorides	161-169	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	46-49
7560071-0	1995	Calcium- and CaMKII-dependent chloride secretion induced by the microsomal Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor 2,5-di-(tert-butyl)-1,4-hydroquinone in cystic fibrosis pancreatic epithelial cells.	Chlorides	30-38	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	13-19
8561857-0	1995	Modulation of the redox state of the copper sites of human ceruloplasmin by chloride.	Chlorides	76-84	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	59-72
8561857-1	1995	Incubation of human ceruloplasmin with physiological concentrations of chloride at neutral pH invariably caused dramatic changes of both the spectroscopic and the functional properties of the protein.	Chlorides	71-79	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	20-33
8561857-6	1995	Hydrogen peroxide, added to ceruloplasmin in the presence of chloride, was able to capture the electron of the half-reduced type 3 site and to yield a protein insensitive to subsequent removal and readdition of the anion.	Chlorides	61-69	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	28-41
8561857-7	1995	As a whole, the spectroscopic data indicate that a blue site is partially reduced in the resting protein and that, upon binding of chloride, human ceruloplasmin undergoes a structural change leading to displacement of an electron from the reduced type 1 site to the type 3 site pair.	Chlorides	131-139	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	147-160
8561857-8	1995	Chloride dramatically affected the catalytic efficiency of human ceruloplasmin.	Chlorides	0-8	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	65-78
8561857-12	1995	Since chloride is present at very high concentrations in the plasma, these results suggest that human ceruloplasmin is, in the plasma, under control of this anion.	Chlorides	6-14	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	102-115
8560739-4	1995	We demonstrated that MPO together with oxidizing agents generated by xanthine oxidase, hypoxanthine and chloride form a potent antibacterial system against the common udder pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Escherichia coli in a synthetic medium.	Chlorides	104-112	myeloperoxidase	Bos taurus	21-24
8560739-8	1995	The addition of bovine serum albumin to the synthetic medium reduced the bactericidal activity of the MPO/peroxide/chloride system in a dose-dependent manner.	Chlorides	115-123	myeloperoxidase	Bos taurus	102-105
7573392-0	1995	Rabbit pancreatic acini express CFTR as a cAMP-activated chloride efflux pathway.	Chlorides	57-65	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Oryctolagus cuniculus	32-36
7573392-0	1995	Rabbit pancreatic acini express CFTR as a cAMP-activated chloride efflux pathway.	Chlorides	57-65	antimicrobial protein CAP18	Oryctolagus cuniculus	42-46
7573392-1	1995	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is responsible for adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-activated chloride transport in epithelial cells.	Chlorides	132-140	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-51
7573392-1	1995	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is responsible for adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-activated chloride transport in epithelial cells.	Chlorides	132-140	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Oryctolagus cuniculus	53-57
7573392-1	1995	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is responsible for adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-activated chloride transport in epithelial cells.	Chlorides	132-140	antimicrobial protein CAP18	Oryctolagus cuniculus	116-120
7573392-2	1995	Isolated rabbit pancreatic acini possess a cAMP-activated chloride efflux mechanism distinct from zymogen granule secretion.	Chlorides	58-66	antimicrobial protein CAP18	Oryctolagus cuniculus	43-47
7573392-6	1995	To determine if CFTR was responsible for the cAMP-activated chloride efflux previously demonstrated in pancreatic acini, we incubated acinar cells for 20 h with 1.75 microM CFTR antisense or sense oligodeoxynucleotide.	Chlorides	60-68	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Oryctolagus cuniculus	16-20
7573392-6	1995	To determine if CFTR was responsible for the cAMP-activated chloride efflux previously demonstrated in pancreatic acini, we incubated acinar cells for 20 h with 1.75 microM CFTR antisense or sense oligodeoxynucleotide.	Chlorides	60-68	antimicrobial protein CAP18	Oryctolagus cuniculus	45-49
7573392-7	1995	Chloride efflux, in response to 8-bromoadenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate and phorbol ester but not to calcium ionophore, was selectively inhibited by CFTR antisense oligodeoxynucleotide.	Chlorides	0-8	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Oryctolagus cuniculus	153-157
7573398-0	1995	CFTR mediates electrogenic chloride secretion in mouse inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD-K2) cells.	Chlorides	27-35	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	0-4
7541969-3	1995	We hypothesize that organ damage in cystic fibrosis is the result of a combination of at least three main factors: the genotype (the type of mutation that alters the function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator [CFTR]), the rate of CFTR-mediated chloride secretion in the epithelium of each organ (inferred from the level of expression of the gene), and the anatomical and physiologic characteristics of the affected organs (the size and contents of the ducts).	Chlorides	257-265	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	223-227
8519990-4	1995	Recent data show that injections of high concentrations of min K mRNA also induce a chloride current with very different biophysical, pharmacological, and regulatory properties from the min K potassium current.	Chlorides	84-92	potassium channel, voltage gated subfamily E regulatory beta subunit 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	59-64
7478922-0	1995	Chloride secretion induced by phorbol dibutyrate and forskolin in the human colonic carcinoma cell line HT-29Cl.19A is regulated by different mechanisms.	Chlorides	0-8	SLAM family member 7	Homo sapiens	112-115
8537817-11	1995	The chloride conductance activated in whole cell by intracellular calcium had the permeability sequence PNOS > PI > PBr > PCl >> Paspartate, measured from either reversal potentials or conductances.	Chlorides	4-12	translocator protein	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
7581380-2	1995	Dominant myotonia congenita (Thomsen"s disease) is linked to CLCN1, the gene encoding the major muscle chloride channel, localized on chromosome 7q35.	Chlorides	103-111	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	61-66
8535296-0	1995	Mercuric chloride effects on the kinetic parameters of human erythrocyte membrane bound acetylcholinesterase.	Chlorides	9-17	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	88-108
7473231-9	1995	Thus, this expression system afforded the advantage of assessing putative MDR1-associated chloride currents in the absence of background currents.	Chlorides	90-98	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	74-78
7585886-7	1995	Finally, the viral glycoprotein specifically abrogated the calcium response to the neuropeptide agonist neurotensin, a stimulator of chloride secretion via inositol trisphosphate-mediated calcium mobilization.	Chlorides	133-141	neurotensin	Homo sapiens	104-115
7542476-1	1995	Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder affecting chloride transport in pancreas, lung, and other tissues, which is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR).	Chlorides	61-69	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	195-199
7542477-1	1995	A series of 8-substituted derivatives of 1,3,7-alkylxanthines was synthesized as potential activators of chloride efflux from a human epithelial cell line (CFPAC) expressing the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) delta F508 mutation.	Chlorides	105-113	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	178-217
7542778-0	1995	Two cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mutations have different effects on both pulmonary phenotype and regulation of outwardly rectified chloride currents.	Chlorides	155-163	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	4-55
7542778-5	1995	Airway epithelial cells transfected with CFTR bearing either A455E or G551D had levels of chloride conductance significantly greater than those of mock-transfected and lower than those of wild-type CFTR-transfected cells, as measured by chloride efflux.	Chlorides	90-98	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (ATP-binding cassette sub-family C, member 7)	Xenopus laevis	41-45
7542778-5	1995	Airway epithelial cells transfected with CFTR bearing either A455E or G551D had levels of chloride conductance significantly greater than those of mock-transfected and lower than those of wild-type CFTR-transfected cells, as measured by chloride efflux.	Chlorides	237-245	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (ATP-binding cassette sub-family C, member 7)	Xenopus laevis	41-45
7622459-2	1995	It is produced from hydrogen peroxide and chloride by the heme enzyme myeloperoxidase.	Chlorides	42-50	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	70-85
7540975-0	1995	Activation of CFTR chloride current by nitric oxide in human T lymphocytes.	Chlorides	19-27	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	14-18
7585155-1	1995	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), a protein that regulates cyclic-AMP-mediated chloride conductance at the apical membrane of secretory epithelia.	Chlorides	187-195	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	94-133
7585155-1	1995	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), a protein that regulates cyclic-AMP-mediated chloride conductance at the apical membrane of secretory epithelia.	Chlorides	187-195	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	135-139
7655347-5	1995	Interestingly, the MT-I inducers, Cd, Dex, ethanol, and KA, down-regulated brain MT-III mRNA levels by approx.	Chlorides	34-36	metallothionein 1	Mus musculus	19-23
7655347-5	1995	Interestingly, the MT-I inducers, Cd, Dex, ethanol, and KA, down-regulated brain MT-III mRNA levels by approx.	Chlorides	34-36	metallothionein 3	Mus musculus	81-87
7655347-8	1995	MT-I mRNA signal, which was most abundant in the glial cells of the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum in control mice, appeared to be enhanced in mice given the MT-I inducers (LPS, Zn, Cd, Dex, ethanol, and KA).	Chlorides	189-191	metallothionein 1	Mus musculus	0-4
7655347-8	1995	MT-I mRNA signal, which was most abundant in the glial cells of the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum in control mice, appeared to be enhanced in mice given the MT-I inducers (LPS, Zn, Cd, Dex, ethanol, and KA).	Chlorides	189-191	metallothionein 1	Mus musculus	165-169
7655347-9	1995	MT-I mRNA hybridization signal was also enhanced in the olfactory bulbs from LPS- and Cd-treated mice, while this signal was present but weak in control brains.	Chlorides	86-88	metallothionein 1	Mus musculus	0-4
7655347-12	1995	Signals for MT-III in hippocampus appeared to be reduced by KA, Dex and LPS treatment, while in the cortical region, MT-III mRNA signals appeared to be enhanced by KA, Cd, and ethanol treatment.	Chlorides	168-170	metallothionein 3	Mus musculus	117-123
7611424-7	1995	Using modified Ussing chambers, we also investigated CNP"s potential modulation of sodium and chloride transport rates.	Chlorides	94-102	natriuretic peptide C	Homo sapiens	53-56
7791878-4	1995	In Xenopus oocytes expressing EAAT4, L-aspartate and L-glutamate elicited a current predominantly carried by chloride ions.	Chlorides	109-117	solute carrier family 1 member 6	Homo sapiens	30-35
7791878-6	1995	Thus EAAT4 combines the re-uptake of neurotransmitter with a mechanism for increasing chloride permeability, both of which could regulate excitatory neurotransmission.	Chlorides	86-94	solute carrier family 1 member 6	Homo sapiens	5-10
7637582-1	1995	Synaptic reaccumulation of the neurotransmitter dopamine is mediated by the dopamine transporter (DAT), a member of the family of twelve transmembrane domain, sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporters.	Chlorides	171-179	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	76-96
7772042-1	1995	Myeloperoxidase is the most abundant protein in neutrophils and catalyses the conversion of H2O2 and chloride into HOCl.	Chlorides	101-109	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
7550120-13	1995	Oral administrations of Cd for 5 d after oral OVA also suppressed anti-OVA IgG1 levels further.	Chlorides	24-26	LOC105243590	Mus musculus	75-79
7538915-1	1995	Whole-cell patch clamp was used to look for cystic fibrosis transmembrane-conductance regulator (CFTR)-like chloride currents in calcium-tolerant human cardiac myocytes.	Chlorides	108-116	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	44-95
7538915-1	1995	Whole-cell patch clamp was used to look for cystic fibrosis transmembrane-conductance regulator (CFTR)-like chloride currents in calcium-tolerant human cardiac myocytes.	Chlorides	108-116	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	97-101
7637582-1	1995	Synaptic reaccumulation of the neurotransmitter dopamine is mediated by the dopamine transporter (DAT), a member of the family of twelve transmembrane domain, sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporters.	Chlorides	171-179	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	98-101
7538915-5	1995	Isoproterenol (1 mumol/L) or forskolin (10 mumol/L) were used in attempts to evoke CFTR-like chloride current.	Chlorides	93-101	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	83-87
7543762-3	1995	If the osmolarity of the bathing solution was reduced from 280 to 200 mosmol l-1, a large current developed, which rectified outwardly and reversed close to the equilibrium potential for chloride ions, ECl.	Chlorides	187-195	C-C motif chemokine ligand 21	Homo sapiens	202-205
7744735-5	1995	pHi recovery from an acid load was both lumen sodium- and chloride-dependent, and the rate of pHi recovery by lumen sodium in the presence of chloride was 65-fold greater than that in the absence of chloride (dpH/dt is 655.4 and 10.2 in the presence and absence of chloride, respectively).	Chlorides	58-66	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
7744735-5	1995	pHi recovery from an acid load was both lumen sodium- and chloride-dependent, and the rate of pHi recovery by lumen sodium in the presence of chloride was 65-fold greater than that in the absence of chloride (dpH/dt is 655.4 and 10.2 in the presence and absence of chloride, respectively).	Chlorides	142-150	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
7744735-5	1995	pHi recovery from an acid load was both lumen sodium- and chloride-dependent, and the rate of pHi recovery by lumen sodium in the presence of chloride was 65-fold greater than that in the absence of chloride (dpH/dt is 655.4 and 10.2 in the presence and absence of chloride, respectively).	Chlorides	142-150	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	94-97
7744735-5	1995	pHi recovery from an acid load was both lumen sodium- and chloride-dependent, and the rate of pHi recovery by lumen sodium in the presence of chloride was 65-fold greater than that in the absence of chloride (dpH/dt is 655.4 and 10.2 in the presence and absence of chloride, respectively).	Chlorides	142-150	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
7744735-5	1995	pHi recovery from an acid load was both lumen sodium- and chloride-dependent, and the rate of pHi recovery by lumen sodium in the presence of chloride was 65-fold greater than that in the absence of chloride (dpH/dt is 655.4 and 10.2 in the presence and absence of chloride, respectively).	Chlorides	142-150	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	94-97
7744735-5	1995	pHi recovery from an acid load was both lumen sodium- and chloride-dependent, and the rate of pHi recovery by lumen sodium in the presence of chloride was 65-fold greater than that in the absence of chloride (dpH/dt is 655.4 and 10.2 in the presence and absence of chloride, respectively).	Chlorides	142-150	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
7744735-5	1995	pHi recovery from an acid load was both lumen sodium- and chloride-dependent, and the rate of pHi recovery by lumen sodium in the presence of chloride was 65-fold greater than that in the absence of chloride (dpH/dt is 655.4 and 10.2 in the presence and absence of chloride, respectively).	Chlorides	142-150	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	94-97
7744735-6	1995	One mM amiloride inhibited both [H+] gradient-stimulated 22Na uptake in the presence of chloride in crypt AMV (80%) and lumen sodium- and chloride-dependent pHi recovery in crypt cells (96%).	Chlorides	138-146	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	157-160
8521298-4	1995	We investigated the swelling-induced chloride current in fibroblasts, which we demonstrated is closely related or identical to a cloned epithelial chloride channel, ICln: This chloride channel can be blocked by nucleotides.	Chlorides	37-45	chloride nucleotide-sensitive channel 1A pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	165-169
7603774-1	1995	It has been reported that: 1) ovine growth hormone stimulates intestinal water, sodium, and chloride absorption and 2) specific growth hormone receptors are present in the rat intestine.	Chlorides	92-100	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	36-50
7603774-1	1995	It has been reported that: 1) ovine growth hormone stimulates intestinal water, sodium, and chloride absorption and 2) specific growth hormone receptors are present in the rat intestine.	Chlorides	92-100	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	128-142
7545279-3	1995	CFTR chloride currents activated by cAMP were detected in 59% (29/49) of wild-type cells and in 50% (20/40) of heterozygous cells.	Chlorides	5-13	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	0-4
7603774-6	1995	In vivo, growth hormone induced a rapid increase in the absorption rates of water, sodium, chloride, and potassium.	Chlorides	91-99	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	9-23
7537458-1	1995	The CFTR (-/-) mouse model of cystic fibrosis (CF) has revealed that the mouse pancreatic duct has a Ca(2+)-regulated chloride conductance that allows ductal electrolyte transport to remain unaffected by loss of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Chlorides	118-126	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	4-8
7542119-0	1995	Calcium-activated chloride fluxes in cultured NCL-SG3 sweat gland cells.	Chlorides	18-26	nucleolin	Homo sapiens	46-49
7563015-8	1995	When cells with normal chloride content were depolarized (135 mM medium potassium + 10 microM valinomycin), cAMP activated electrogenic chloride uptake permselective for Cl- approximately Br- > NO3- > I-.	Chlorides	136-144	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	197-200
7733330-5	1995	Intravenous angiotensin II caused a stimulation of chloride absorption from a high-chloride perfusate by 55 peq.mm-1.min-1 (632 +/- 17 to 687 +/- 14, P < 0.05), which was partially cyanide-sensitive (510 +/- 6 peq.mm-1.min-1).	Chlorides	51-59	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	12-26
7733330-5	1995	Intravenous angiotensin II caused a stimulation of chloride absorption from a high-chloride perfusate by 55 peq.mm-1.min-1 (632 +/- 17 to 687 +/- 14, P < 0.05), which was partially cyanide-sensitive (510 +/- 6 peq.mm-1.min-1).	Chlorides	83-91	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	12-26
7733330-6	1995	In conclusion, the components of the normal S1 PCT chloride reabsorption (approximately 300 peq.mm-1.min-1) from the glomerular ultrafiltrate consist of the following: active transport (40-50%), which can be regulated by angiotensin II; sodium-coupled organic solute transport (30%); and passive, chloride concentration gradient-driven transport (20-25%).	Chlorides	297-305	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	221-235
7542119-1	1995	The dependence of chloride permeability of the human sweat gland cell line NCL-SG3 cell line on cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) was investigated.	Chlorides	18-26	nucleolin	Homo sapiens	75-78
7537458-1	1995	The CFTR (-/-) mouse model of cystic fibrosis (CF) has revealed that the mouse pancreatic duct has a Ca(2+)-regulated chloride conductance that allows ductal electrolyte transport to remain unaffected by loss of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Chlorides	118-126	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	216-267
7537458-1	1995	The CFTR (-/-) mouse model of cystic fibrosis (CF) has revealed that the mouse pancreatic duct has a Ca(2+)-regulated chloride conductance that allows ductal electrolyte transport to remain unaffected by loss of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Chlorides	118-126	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	269-273
7842817-1	1995	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a recessive genetic disease reflecting mutations in the gene coding for the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein, which normally functions as a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-regulated chloride (Cl-) channel.	Chlorides	221-229	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	100-126
7596197-5	1995	In both groups, tissue ACE activity was dependent on chloride anion concentration in the assay buffer.	Chlorides	53-67	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	23-26
7836447-0	1995	Mat-8, a novel phospholemman-like protein expressed in human breast tumors, induces a chloride conductance in Xenopus oocytes.	Chlorides	86-94	FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 3	Homo sapiens	0-5
7836447-0	1995	Mat-8, a novel phospholemman-like protein expressed in human breast tumors, induces a chloride conductance in Xenopus oocytes.	Chlorides	86-94	FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 1	Homo sapiens	15-28
7836447-4	1995	PLM, which induces chloride currents when expressed in Xenopus oocytes, contains consensus phosphorylation sites for both cAMP-dependent protein kinase A and protein kinase C in its cytoplasmic domain.	Chlorides	19-27	FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-3
7836447-7	1995	We show that expression of Mat-8 in Xenopus oocytes induces hyperpolarization-activated chloride currents similar to those induced by PLM expression.	Chlorides	88-96	FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 3	Homo sapiens	27-32
7535051-0	1995	ATP-activated chloride permeability in biliary epithelial cells is regulated by calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II.	Chlorides	14-22	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8A2	Homo sapiens	0-3
7535051-0	1995	ATP-activated chloride permeability in biliary epithelial cells is regulated by calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II.	Chlorides	14-22	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	80-118
7535051-1	1995	Previous studies in freshly isolated rat biliary epithelial cells and in the human cholangiocarcinoma cell line Mz-ChA-1 have demonstrated that ATP activates a calcium-dependent chloride conductance.	Chlorides	178-186	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8A2	Homo sapiens	144-147
7535051-3	1995	In the present study, we evaluated the potential role of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in ATP-activated chloride permeability in Mz-ChA-1 cells.	Chlorides	122-130	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	57-95
7535051-3	1995	In the present study, we evaluated the potential role of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in ATP-activated chloride permeability in Mz-ChA-1 cells.	Chlorides	122-130	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	97-103
7535051-3	1995	In the present study, we evaluated the potential role of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in ATP-activated chloride permeability in Mz-ChA-1 cells.	Chlorides	122-130	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8A2	Homo sapiens	108-111
7535051-8	1995	It is concluded that calcium-dependent activation of chloride currents in Mz-ChA-1 cells is coupled to a CaMKII-dependent process.	Chlorides	53-61	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	105-111
7877175-9	1995	Topological comparisons to TAKA-amylase, pig pancreatic alpha-amylase and cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase reveal a very high structural equivalence for large portions of the proteins and an exceptionally pronounced structural similarity for calcium binding, chloride binding and the active site.	Chlorides	259-267	amylase, alpha 2A (pancreatic)	Sus scrofa	45-69
7540110-0	1995	ATPo but not cAMPi activates a chloride conductance in mouse ventricular myocytes.	Chlorides	31-39	ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, O subunit	Mus musculus	0-4
7540110-10	1995	CONCLUSIONS: (1) cAMPi does not activate a chloride conductance in mouse ventricular myocytes; (2) ATPo does activate a chloride conductance, through stimulation of a P2 purinoceptor; and (3) Ca2+i and cAMPi are not involved in activation of ICl(ATP).	Chlorides	120-128	ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, O subunit	Mus musculus	99-103
7533790-0	1995	Normalization of raised sodium absorption and raised calcium-mediated chloride secretion by adenovirus-mediated expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in primary human cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells.	Chlorides	70-78	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	126-177
7852368-7	1995	In the presence of physiologic levels of both bromide (0.1 mM) and chloride (0.1 M), myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase produced mixtures of bromamines and chloramines containing 6 +/- 4% and 88 +/- 4% bromamine.	Chlorides	67-75	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	85-100
7852368-7	1995	In the presence of physiologic levels of both bromide (0.1 mM) and chloride (0.1 M), myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase produced mixtures of bromamines and chloramines containing 6 +/- 4% and 88 +/- 4% bromamine.	Chlorides	67-75	eosinophil peroxidase	Homo sapiens	105-126
7845466-3	1995	For the prototype Torpedo channel ClC-0 (refs 11-15) we now show that channel opening is strongly facilitated by external chloride.	Chlorides	122-130	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	34-37
7864140-1	1995	In the lung, endothelin-1 (ET-1) is synthesized by several cell types and acts locally to cause vasoconstriction and bronchoconstriction, activate alveolar macrophages, and stimulate chloride secretion.	Chlorides	183-191	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-25
7864140-1	1995	In the lung, endothelin-1 (ET-1) is synthesized by several cell types and acts locally to cause vasoconstriction and bronchoconstriction, activate alveolar macrophages, and stimulate chloride secretion.	Chlorides	183-191	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-31
7842817-1	1995	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a recessive genetic disease reflecting mutations in the gene coding for the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein, which normally functions as a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-regulated chloride (Cl-) channel.	Chlorides	221-229	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	128-132
7757078-5	1995	However, in Xenopus oocytes, a system in which mutant CFTR proteins are less likely to experience an intracellular processing/trafficking deficit, expression of G480C CFTR was associated with a chloride conductance that exhibited a sensitivity to activation by forskolin and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) that was similar to that of wild-type CFTR.	Chlorides	194-202	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (ATP-binding cassette sub-family C, member 7)	Xenopus laevis	54-58
7780040-12	1995	Finally, human neutrophils treated with either GM-CSF or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha demonstrated an increased chloride conductance as measured by the loss of radioactive chloride from 36Cl-loaded cells.	Chlorides	117-125	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	47-53
7780040-12	1995	Finally, human neutrophils treated with either GM-CSF or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha demonstrated an increased chloride conductance as measured by the loss of radioactive chloride from 36Cl-loaded cells.	Chlorides	117-125	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	57-90
7780040-12	1995	Finally, human neutrophils treated with either GM-CSF or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha demonstrated an increased chloride conductance as measured by the loss of radioactive chloride from 36Cl-loaded cells.	Chlorides	177-185	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	47-53
7780040-12	1995	Finally, human neutrophils treated with either GM-CSF or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha demonstrated an increased chloride conductance as measured by the loss of radioactive chloride from 36Cl-loaded cells.	Chlorides	177-185	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	57-90
7757078-5	1995	However, in Xenopus oocytes, a system in which mutant CFTR proteins are less likely to experience an intracellular processing/trafficking deficit, expression of G480C CFTR was associated with a chloride conductance that exhibited a sensitivity to activation by forskolin and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) that was similar to that of wild-type CFTR.	Chlorides	194-202	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (ATP-binding cassette sub-family C, member 7)	Xenopus laevis	167-171
7757078-5	1995	However, in Xenopus oocytes, a system in which mutant CFTR proteins are less likely to experience an intracellular processing/trafficking deficit, expression of G480C CFTR was associated with a chloride conductance that exhibited a sensitivity to activation by forskolin and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) that was similar to that of wild-type CFTR.	Chlorides	194-202	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (ATP-binding cassette sub-family C, member 7)	Xenopus laevis	167-171
7828597-1	1995	The multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which transports hydrophobic drugs out of cells, is also associated with volume-activated chloride currents.	Chlorides	138-146	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	41-45
7543087-5	1995	In this article, mechanisms by which P-gp might influence cell volume-activated chloride currents is discussed, and the potential physiological role of this regulation considered.	Chlorides	80-88	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
7714835-6	1995	Chloride secretory responses of normal and heterozygous colonic epithelia to forskolin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), isoprenaline, cholera toxin, heat-stable enterotoxin (STa), guanylin, carbachol and lysylbradykinin were examined.	Chlorides	0-8	vasoactive intestinal polypeptide	Mus musculus	88-121
7714835-6	1995	Chloride secretory responses of normal and heterozygous colonic epithelia to forskolin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), isoprenaline, cholera toxin, heat-stable enterotoxin (STa), guanylin, carbachol and lysylbradykinin were examined.	Chlorides	0-8	vasoactive intestinal polypeptide	Mus musculus	123-126
7828597-3	1995	Activation of chloride currents by hypotonicity in cells expressing P-gp was shown to be regulated by protein kinase C (PKC).	Chlorides	14-22	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	68-72
8528449-2	1995	The modified gel filtration media (Bio-Gel P-200) has a high capacity for Ag(I) (20 mumol/ml) and Pt(II) (8 mumol/ml) and has been shown to be stable and useful even in the presence of relatively high chloride (up to 1 M NaCl) and phosphate concentrations (0.25 M).	Chlorides	201-209	AT-rich interaction domain 2	Homo sapiens	43-48
7840202-3	1995	The expressed chloride-dependent BSP uptake activity exhibited saturation kinetics [apparent Michaelis constant (Km) 1.8 microM] and efficiently extracted BSP from its binding sites on bovine serum albumin.	Chlorides	14-22	integrin-binding sialoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
7840202-3	1995	The expressed chloride-dependent BSP uptake activity exhibited saturation kinetics [apparent Michaelis constant (Km) 1.8 microM] and efficiently extracted BSP from its binding sites on bovine serum albumin.	Chlorides	14-22	integrin-binding sialoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	155-158
7840202-4	1995	The chloride-sensitive portion of BSP uptake was inhibited by bilirubin (10 microM; 27%), 4,4"-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid (100 microM; 57%), bumetanide (100 microM; 48%), taurocholate (200 microM; 51%), and cholate (200 microM; 45%).	Chlorides	4-12	integrin-binding sialoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
7840202-5	1995	Size fractionation of total skate liver mRNA revealed that a 1.8- to 2.9-kb size class mRNA was sufficient to express chloride-dependent BSP uptake and sodium-independent taurocholate uptake.	Chlorides	118-126	integrin-binding sialoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	137-140
7840202-7	1995	This study confirms that an organic anion transport system for chloride-dependent BSP uptake, with characteristics similar to rat liver, is already expressed in the liver of lower vertebrates and thus represents a phylogenetically old system.	Chlorides	63-71	integrin-binding sialoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
7707880-3	1995	Co-application of forskolin and isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) or IBMX alone produced currents with a reversal potential indicative of chloride ions only in oocytes previously injected with mRNA encoding CFTR.	Chlorides	134-142	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	203-207
7730973-0	1995	Volume-activated chloride currents associated with the multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein.	Chlorides	17-25	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	76-90
7529238-1	1995	In order to evaluate the importance of cAMP and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAMPdPK) in the regulation of chloride efflux via the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel, Caco-2, human colonic carcinoma cells were transfected with an expression vector encoding a mutant form of regulatory subunit of cAMPdPK under control of the mouse metallothionein 1 promoter.	Chlorides	109-117	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	133-184
7529238-1	1995	In order to evaluate the importance of cAMP and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAMPdPK) in the regulation of chloride efflux via the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel, Caco-2, human colonic carcinoma cells were transfected with an expression vector encoding a mutant form of regulatory subunit of cAMPdPK under control of the mouse metallothionein 1 promoter.	Chlorides	109-117	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	186-190
7840148-3	1995	We therefore examined in Xenopus oocytes the osmotic regulation of chloride transport mediated by recombinant anion exchanger proteins AE2 and AE1.	Chlorides	67-75	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	143-146
7743158-8	1995	Parathyroid hormone also increases the driving force for diffusional Ca2+ ion entry from the luminal fluid into the cytosol by increasing the intracellular negative electrical potential (at least in murine distal convoluted tubule cells) by increasing the chloride ion conductance of the basolateral cell membrane.	Chlorides	256-264	parathyroid hormone	Mus musculus	0-19
7814604-4	1995	In comparison with the immunostaining with anti-aquaporin-CHIP antibody that only stains the descending thin limb of Henle"s loop (tDL), ClC-K1 was found to be localized only in the ascending limb (tAL) which has the highest chloride permeability among nephron segments.	Chlorides	225-233	chloride voltage-gated channel Ka	Rattus norvegicus	137-143
7814604-6	1995	Expressed chloride current in Xenopus oocytes by ClC-K1 cRNA was regulated by extracellular pH and extracellular calcium.	Chlorides	10-18	chloride voltage-gated channel Ka	Rattus norvegicus	49-55
7814604-9	1995	The localization and the functional characteristics described here indicate that ClC-K1 is responsible for the transepithelial chloride transport in tAL.	Chlorides	127-135	chloride voltage-gated channel Ka	Rattus norvegicus	81-87
7823176-1	1995	The effects of enkephalins selective for delta and mu opioid receptors on inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) mediated by GABA were studied in chloride-loaded CA1 pyramidal neurons in adult rat hippocampal slices.	Chlorides	148-156	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	164-167
7730973-4	1995	Expression of the human multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein (P-gp) has been associated with cell volume-regulated chloride currents, although the nature of this association is the subject of debate.	Chlorides	114-122	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	45-59
7730973-4	1995	Expression of the human multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein (P-gp) has been associated with cell volume-regulated chloride currents, although the nature of this association is the subject of debate.	Chlorides	114-122	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	61-65
7730973-6	1995	In this review, evidence associating P-gp with cell volume-activated chloride currents, and the possible mechanisms by which this might be achieved, are discussed.	Chlorides	69-77	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
8538927-4	1995	METHODS: Endogenous renal growth factor expression was investigated by RNA hybridization and by immunohistochemistry in a rat model of mercuric chloride ARF.	Chlorides	144-152	myotrophin	Rattus norvegicus	26-39
18475677-1	1995	We investigated the effects of the antibiotic ceftazidime (CAZ) on the cytolytic action of the neutrophil myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride anion system (MPO/H(2)O(2)/Cl(-)).	Chlorides	140-148	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	106-121
18475677-1	1995	We investigated the effects of the antibiotic ceftazidime (CAZ) on the cytolytic action of the neutrophil myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride anion system (MPO/H(2)O(2)/Cl(-)).	Chlorides	140-148	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	163-166
18475678-0	1995	Abrogation of mercuric chloride-induced nephritis in the Brown Norway rat by treatment with antibodies against TNFalpha.	Chlorides	23-31	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	111-119
18475618-4	1995	The interleukin-1beta induced increase in I(sc) was not affected by amiloride treatment but was completely inhibited by bumetanide or in chloride-free buffer and by indomethacin.	Chlorides	137-145	interleukin-1 beta	Oryctolagus cuniculus	4-21
18475618-6	1995	These data suggest that interleukin-1beta causes its effect via a yet to be identified second messenger, by increasing chloride secretion through a prostaglandin E(2) mediated mechanism.	Chlorides	119-127	interleukin-1 beta	Oryctolagus cuniculus	24-41
8538927-12	1995	In analogy to gentamicin ARF, renal EGF and IGF-I gene expression were decreased early in the setting of mercuric chloride ARF.	Chlorides	114-122	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-49
8745050-0	1995	Effects of peptide YY and its analogues on chloride ion secretion in fed and fasted rat jejunum.	Chlorides	43-51	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
7539127-1	1995	Consecutive challenges with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) of oocytes expressing the TRH receptor (TRH-R) resulted in a pronounced desensitization, manifested as a decrease in chloride current amplitude and an increase in response latency.	Chlorides	181-189	thyrotropin-releasing hormone L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	59-62
7539127-1	1995	Consecutive challenges with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) of oocytes expressing the TRH receptor (TRH-R) resulted in a pronounced desensitization, manifested as a decrease in chloride current amplitude and an increase in response latency.	Chlorides	181-189	trhr1	Xenopus laevis	90-102
7539127-1	1995	Consecutive challenges with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) of oocytes expressing the TRH receptor (TRH-R) resulted in a pronounced desensitization, manifested as a decrease in chloride current amplitude and an increase in response latency.	Chlorides	181-189	trhr1	Xenopus laevis	104-109
7539127-1	1995	Consecutive challenges with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) of oocytes expressing the TRH receptor (TRH-R) resulted in a pronounced desensitization, manifested as a decrease in chloride current amplitude and an increase in response latency.	Chlorides	181-189	thyrotropin-releasing hormone L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	28-57
8745050-7	1995	In addition, PYY and its analogue P915 reduced net chloride ion secretion to 2.85 and 2.29 microEq/cm2 (p < 0.05), respectively.	Chlorides	51-59	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
7792437-1	1995	The association between abnormal chloride transport, resulting from mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene, and the immunologic processes involved in the development of CF lung disease is poorly understood.	Chlorides	33-41	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	85-124
7792437-1	1995	The association between abnormal chloride transport, resulting from mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene, and the immunologic processes involved in the development of CF lung disease is poorly understood.	Chlorides	33-41	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	126-130
7716276-4	1994	Results showed that ANG II decreased bile flow and the excretion of sodium, potassium, chloride and bile acids whereas it increased pH, bile osmolality and the excretion rate of bicarbonate and calcium.	Chlorides	87-95	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	20-26
7529000-0	1994	Chloride and cation currents activated by bradykinin in coronary venular endothelial cells.	Chlorides	0-8	kininogen 1	Bos taurus	42-52
7810695-3	1994	Lowering the extracellular chloride concentration by either of these maneuvers significantly enhanced renin secretion rates (RSR) at a perfusion pressure of 100 mmHg.	Chlorides	27-35	renin	Rattus norvegicus	102-107
7898310-4	1994	The model suggests specific binding sites for dopamine and cocaine, a functional role for chloride ions, and accounts for known structure-activity relationships of cocaine analogs at the dopamine transporter.	Chlorides	90-98	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	187-207
7713512-1	1994	Guanylin, a 15-amino-acid peptide, is an endogenous ligand of the intestinal receptor guanylate cyclase-C. After binding to this receptor, guanylin increases the intracellular concentration of cyclic GMP and induces chloride secretion.	Chlorides	216-224	guanylate cyclase activator 2a (guanylin)	Mus musculus	0-8
7881824-3	1994	Purified ACE"s presented numerous homologies: in particular, closely similar specific activities, catalytic efficiencies, Km"s, optimal pH and chloride activations; the molecular weights were about 170 kDa by SDS-PAGE and 320 kDa by gel-filtration on Superose 12; the isoelectric points were about 4.5-4.7.	Chlorides	143-151	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	9-12
7536674-3	1994	Release of GP2 from secretin-stimulated pancreatic lobules, which retain intralobular ducts, was inhibited by (i) bicarbonate substitution, (ii) chloride substitution, and (iii) DIDS, a potent inhibitor of chloride-bicarbonate exchange.	Chlorides	145-153	glycoprotein 2	Homo sapiens	11-14
7536674-3	1994	Release of GP2 from secretin-stimulated pancreatic lobules, which retain intralobular ducts, was inhibited by (i) bicarbonate substitution, (ii) chloride substitution, and (iii) DIDS, a potent inhibitor of chloride-bicarbonate exchange.	Chlorides	206-214	glycoprotein 2	Homo sapiens	11-14
7713512-1	1994	Guanylin, a 15-amino-acid peptide, is an endogenous ligand of the intestinal receptor guanylate cyclase-C. After binding to this receptor, guanylin increases the intracellular concentration of cyclic GMP and induces chloride secretion.	Chlorides	216-224	guanylate cyclase activator 2a (guanylin)	Mus musculus	139-147
7977769-4	1994	p37 is additionally phosphorylated by an N-(2-guanodinoethyl)-5-isoquinoline sulfonamide-inhibitable protein kinase that uses ATP and shows a similar chloride sensitivity.	Chlorides	150-158	nucleoporin 37	Homo sapiens	0-3
7713512-1	1994	Guanylin, a 15-amino-acid peptide, is an endogenous ligand of the intestinal receptor guanylate cyclase-C. After binding to this receptor, guanylin increases the intracellular concentration of cyclic GMP and induces chloride secretion.	Chlorides	216-224	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Mus musculus	200-203
7521937-10	1994	CONCLUSIONS: We have identified a point mutation in intron 19 of CFTR and abnormal epithelial function in patients who have cystic fibrosis-like lung disease but normal sweat chloride values.	Chlorides	175-183	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	65-69
7965109-8	1994	In addition, the ACPD response is resistant to (1) intracellular chloride loading, (2) the GABAB receptor antagonist CGP55845A, (3) the ACh receptor antagonist atropine, and (4) the ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists CNQX and APV.	Chlorides	65-73	homer scaffold protein 2	Homo sapiens	17-21
7529818-11	1994	In contrast, phosphorylation of the cotransporter by as yet unidentified kinases is apparently secondary to the decrease in intracellular chloride concentration caused by anion exit through CFTR.	Chlorides	138-146	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	190-194
7929452-10	1994	Furthermore, arginine vasopressin evoked calcium-dependent chloride current in Xenopus oocytes transfected with the receptor, which was not affected by a V1a/V2 antagonist.	Chlorides	59-67	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	22-33
7882063-2	1994	The enzyme activators, chlorides and adenosine triphosphate influenced in varying measures the GAD activity in renal homogenates of both controlled and acidotic animals.	Chlorides	23-32	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
7825468-7	1994	It is thought that bovine beta-lactoglobulin present in the intestinal lumen may be responsible for the secretory diarrhea observed in children with cow"s milk allergy, as a consequence of stimulation of electrogenic chloride secretion.	Chlorides	217-225	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	26-44
7524480-2	1994	The TRH-R when expressed in Xenopus oocytes exhibits marked preference of the response (increased chloride conductance) for the animal hemisphere.	Chlorides	98-106	trhr1	Xenopus laevis	4-9
7923110-3	1994	We demonstrate here that volume-regulated chloride-selective currents can be induced in cells with or without P-gp expression.	Chlorides	42-50	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	110-114
7923110-4	1994	Overexpression of either P-gp or cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, the protein product of the CF gene and another member of the ATP-dependent transporters, is associated with a hypotonicity-induced, rapid onset, transient current prior to onset of the volume-sensitive chloride-selective current, an apparent nonspecific effect related to the overexpression of an integral membrane protein.	Chlorides	288-296	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	25-29
7923110-4	1994	Overexpression of either P-gp or cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, the protein product of the CF gene and another member of the ATP-dependent transporters, is associated with a hypotonicity-induced, rapid onset, transient current prior to onset of the volume-sensitive chloride-selective current, an apparent nonspecific effect related to the overexpression of an integral membrane protein.	Chlorides	288-296	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	33-84
7843172-5	1994	Reversal potential revealed a permeability ratio of bromide with respect to chloride (PBr/PCl) of 1.51.	Chlorides	76-84	translocator protein	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
8051419-8	1994	Mammalian cells regulate pHi through the concerted action of a number of specific transport proteins, including sodium-proton antiporters and chloride-bicarbonate exchangers.	Chlorides	142-150	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	25-28
7524342-6	1994	Forskolin-stimulated short-circuit current, typical of CFTR-mediated chloride transport activity, was generated by monolayers of subclones of the MLE-13a3 cell lines.	Chlorides	69-77	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	55-59
7929044-0	1994	Chloride ion independence of the Bohr effect in a mutant human hemoglobin beta (V1M+H2deleted).	Chlorides	0-8	hemoglobin subunit beta	Homo sapiens	63-78
7530494-0	1994	Increasing expression of the normal human CFTR cDNA in cystic fibrosis epithelial cells results in a progressive increase in the level of CFTR protein expression, but a limit on the level of cAMP-stimulated chloride secretion.	Chlorides	207-215	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	42-46
7935337-11	1994	Interestingly, for GAT-3 a reduction of the Cl- concentration results in a small but consistent increase in the apparent Km for GABA, suggesting that the interaction of chloride with the transporter may be an important initial event in the mechanism of transport.	Chlorides	169-177	solute carrier family 6 member 13	Homo sapiens	19-24
8075126-0	1994	The effect of phospholipase A2 on chloride transport by pancreatic secretory granules.	Chlorides	34-42	phospholipase A2 group IB	Rattus norvegicus	14-30
7521124-1	1994	Plasma membrane chloride transport by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) may be regulated by cellular processes that affect the cycling of CFTR with the plasma membrane.	Chlorides	16-24	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	42-93
8060981-7	1994	Three major classes of sterol oxidation products were apparent when cholesterol-phosphatidylcholine multilamellar vesicles which had been exposed to a myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system were subsequently analyzed by normal-phase thin layer chromatography.	Chlorides	185-193	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	151-166
8068018-3	1994	We have studied the oxidative modification of LDL by hypochlorite (-OCl), a powerful oxidant produced from H2O2 and chloride via the action of myeloperoxidase which is released from activated neutrophils and monocytes.	Chlorides	116-124	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	143-158
7521124-1	1994	Plasma membrane chloride transport by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) may be regulated by cellular processes that affect the cycling of CFTR with the plasma membrane.	Chlorides	16-24	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	95-99
7521124-1	1994	Plasma membrane chloride transport by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) may be regulated by cellular processes that affect the cycling of CFTR with the plasma membrane.	Chlorides	16-24	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	167-171
8035878-0	1994	Inhibition of the cardiac protein kinase A-dependent chloride conductance by endothelin-1.	Chlorides	53-61	endothelin-1	Cavia porcellus	77-89
8074193-1	1994	Primary cultured rat efferent ductal epithelia and cauda epididymal epithelial were mounted in Ussing chambers to study the effect of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on chloride secretion in the male excurrent duct.	Chlorides	164-172	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	156-159
8074193-7	1994	These results suggested that the stimulation of chloride secretion by AVP in the efferent duct and the cauda epididymidis is mediated by prostaglandin synthesis and involves adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) as a second messenger.	Chlorides	48-56	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
7749379-0	1994	Kinin-stimulated chloride secretion in mouse colon requires the participation of CFTR chloride channels.	Chlorides	17-25	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	81-85
7948689-0	1994	Mechanism of chloride-dependent release of Ca2+ in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of rabbit skeletal muscle.	Chlorides	13-21	carbonic anhydrase 2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	43-46
8035878-3	1994	We have examined the effect of endothelin-1 on the protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent chloride current in voltage-clamped guinea pig ventricular myocytes.	Chlorides	84-92	endothelin-1	Cavia porcellus	31-43
7957642-1	1994	Anaesthetic concentrations of ethanol (50-400 mM) and butanol (1-20 mM) were tested for their effects on GABAA receptor-mediated chloride currents in Xenopus oocytes expressing human GABAA receptor cDNAs.	Chlorides	129-137	GABA(A) receptor-associated protein L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	105-110
8021279-8	1994	These results suggest that ClC-K2L and -K2S are chloride channels in the thick ascending limb and collecting ducts and may be important routes for transcellular chloride transport like ClC-K1.	Chlorides	48-56	chloride voltage-gated channel Kb	Rattus norvegicus	27-34
7965011-2	1994	The relationship of the activation of a voltage-sensitive chloride conductance [GCl(V)] to the chloride transmembrane equilibrium potential (ECl) and the consequent role of this conductance in determining the effect of the gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptor-mediated transmembrane chloride (Cl-) flux were investigated with the use of whole-cell recordings in the CA1 and dentate gyrus regions of adult rat hippocampal slice preparations.	Chlorides	58-66	germ cell-less 1, spermatogenesis associated	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
7965011-2	1994	The relationship of the activation of a voltage-sensitive chloride conductance [GCl(V)] to the chloride transmembrane equilibrium potential (ECl) and the consequent role of this conductance in determining the effect of the gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptor-mediated transmembrane chloride (Cl-) flux were investigated with the use of whole-cell recordings in the CA1 and dentate gyrus regions of adult rat hippocampal slice preparations.	Chlorides	58-66	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	372-375
7965011-2	1994	The relationship of the activation of a voltage-sensitive chloride conductance [GCl(V)] to the chloride transmembrane equilibrium potential (ECl) and the consequent role of this conductance in determining the effect of the gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptor-mediated transmembrane chloride (Cl-) flux were investigated with the use of whole-cell recordings in the CA1 and dentate gyrus regions of adult rat hippocampal slice preparations.	Chlorides	95-103	germ cell-less 1, spermatogenesis associated	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
8021279-8	1994	These results suggest that ClC-K2L and -K2S are chloride channels in the thick ascending limb and collecting ducts and may be important routes for transcellular chloride transport like ClC-K1.	Chlorides	48-56	chloride voltage-gated channel Ka	Rattus norvegicus	185-191
7948134-1	1994	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common, fatal recessive disease caused by mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene manifested by abnormalities in the regulation of chloride ion (Cl-) secretion across the apical membrane of epithelial cells throughout the body.	Chlorides	198-210	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	85-136
8006968-0	1994	Chloride masks effects of opposing positive charges in Hb A and Hb Hinsdale (beta 139 Asn-->Lys) that can modulate cooperativity as well as oxygen affinity.	Chlorides	0-8	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 2	Homo sapiens	55-59
7948134-1	1994	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common, fatal recessive disease caused by mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene manifested by abnormalities in the regulation of chloride ion (Cl-) secretion across the apical membrane of epithelial cells throughout the body.	Chlorides	198-210	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	138-142
7948135-1	1994	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common, fatal hereditary disease resulting from mutations of the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in which epithelial cells throughout the body manifest altered regulation of apical membrane chloride secretion.	Chlorides	254-262	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	97-148
7948135-1	1994	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common, fatal hereditary disease resulting from mutations of the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in which epithelial cells throughout the body manifest altered regulation of apical membrane chloride secretion.	Chlorides	254-262	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	150-154
8062082-4	1994	When co-applied with GABA, dieldrin exerted a dual effect, enhancement and suppression, on the GABA-induced chloride currents in the alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2s and alpha 6 beta 2 gamma 2s combinations.	Chlorides	108-116	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	133-140
7515188-8	1994	In addition, the inhibition by cAMP of CFTR was not observed when cells were depleted of cellular chloride.	Chlorides	98-106	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	39-43
7515188-10	1994	This effect was not seen in chloride-depleted cells, suggesting that CFTR"s ion-channel function and localization to incipient endosomes may be responsible for the observed inhibition.	Chlorides	28-36	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	69-73
7911278-2	1994	Binding of either guanylin or STa to intestinal GC-C results in net chloride secretion.	Chlorides	68-76	guanylate cyclase 2C	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
8048335-0	1994	Effect of NPPB on chloride (Cl-) transport in distal colon of potassium (K+) adapted rats.	Chlorides	18-26	natriuretic peptide B	Rattus norvegicus	10-14
7911278-9	1994	Although the function of GC-C in the liver is unknown, localization to the canalicular domain would be consistent with a role for GC-C in hepatic chloride secretion, especially in the perinatal liver and during hepatocyte regeneration.	Chlorides	146-154	guanylate cyclase 2C	Rattus norvegicus	130-134
8179325-2	1994	When p-(p-nitrophenoxy)phenol was utilized as a substrate, cleaved products, p-nitrophenol and p-benzoquinone, were formed in two cytochrome P450 model systems, meso-tetraphenylporphinatoiron(III) chloride-NaBH4/O2 system and meso-tetrakis (2,6-difluorophenyl)porphinatoiron(III) chloride-m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) system.	Chlorides	197-205	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-145
8184893-0	1994	Renin release from permeabilized juxtaglomerular cells is stimulated by chloride but not by low calcium.	Chlorides	72-80	renin	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
8051695-4	1994	The increased expression of DNDS-sensitive chloride transport is highly specific to GPA, and is not observed when the cRNA to the putative glycophorin E or a very high concentration of the cRNA to glycophorin C are coexpressed with band 3 in oocytes.	Chlorides	43-51	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	84-87
8051695-4	1994	The increased expression of DNDS-sensitive chloride transport is highly specific to GPA, and is not observed when the cRNA to the putative glycophorin E or a very high concentration of the cRNA to glycophorin C are coexpressed with band 3 in oocytes.	Chlorides	43-51	glycophorin E (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	139-152
8051695-4	1994	The increased expression of DNDS-sensitive chloride transport is highly specific to GPA, and is not observed when the cRNA to the putative glycophorin E or a very high concentration of the cRNA to glycophorin C are coexpressed with band 3 in oocytes.	Chlorides	43-51	glycophorin C (Gerbich blood group)	Homo sapiens	197-210
8200555-0	1994	Relation between chloride secretion and intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate in a cloned human intestinal cell line HT-29 cl 19A.	Chlorides	17-25	SLAM family member 7	Homo sapiens	133-136
8200555-8	1994	It is concluded that in cl 19A cells there is a threshold value of increase in intracellular cAMP that induces chloride secretion.	Chlorides	111-119	SLAM family member 7	Homo sapiens	27-30
8184893-1	1994	The intracellular concentrations of calcium and chloride have been suggested to be involved in the control of renin secretion from juxtaglomerular (JG) cells.	Chlorides	48-56	renin	Rattus norvegicus	110-115
8184893-6	1994	Isosmotic increases in the chloride concentration to 25, 60, and 132 mM resulted in prompt stimulations of renin release.	Chlorides	27-35	renin	Rattus norvegicus	107-112
8184893-9	1994	We suggest that in intact JG cells an increase in calcium inhibits renin release through activation of chloride channels followed by a drop in the intracellular chloride concentration.	Chlorides	103-111	renin	Rattus norvegicus	67-72
7517189-1	1994	Cystic fibrosis (CF) results from mutations of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene and subsequent defective regulation of cAMP-stimulated chloride (Cl-) permeability across the apical membrane of epithelial cells.	Chlorides	157-165	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	51-89
8019837-0	1994	Microdialysis analysis of effects of loop diuretics and acetazolamide on chloride transport from blood to CSF.	Chlorides	73-81	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	106-109
8008434-10	1994	The effect of aerobic conditions on the release of elastase and the inactivation of myeloperoxidase could be ascribed to oxidants formed in the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-chloride system.	Chlorides	165-173	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	84-99
8008434-10	1994	The effect of aerobic conditions on the release of elastase and the inactivation of myeloperoxidase could be ascribed to oxidants formed in the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-chloride system.	Chlorides	165-173	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	144-159
8008434-11	1994	Also, the activity of the released cytoplasmic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase was inactivated by oxidants formed in the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-chloride system.	Chlorides	139-147	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	118-133
8008434-13	1994	In this environment, the released products may also escape inactivation by the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-chloride system.	Chlorides	100-108	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	79-94
7517189-1	1994	Cystic fibrosis (CF) results from mutations of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene and subsequent defective regulation of cAMP-stimulated chloride (Cl-) permeability across the apical membrane of epithelial cells.	Chlorides	157-165	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	91-95
7507247-0	1994	Relationship of a non-cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-mediated chloride conductance to organ-level disease in Cftr(-/-) mice.	Chlorides	83-91	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	22-73
8176423-8	1994	A steady-state chloride conductance was included in the bouton membrane, with ECl = -40 mV.	Chlorides	15-23	C-C motif chemokine ligand 21	Homo sapiens	78-81
8174603-1	1994	Angiotensin converting enzyme active sites from rat plasma, lung, kidney and testis were assessed by comparative radioligand binding studies under physiological chloride conditions.	Chlorides	161-169	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	0-29
8313467-2	1994	Expression in Xenopus oocytes of a novel protein, pICln, activated a chloride conductance.	Chlorides	69-77	chloride nucleotide-sensitive channel 1A	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
7507247-0	1994	Relationship of a non-cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-mediated chloride conductance to organ-level disease in Cftr(-/-) mice.	Chlorides	83-91	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	130-134
7998821-8	1994	These findings suggest that HUAECs are susceptible to concentration-dependent Cd cytotoxicity, and that Cd can inhibit the production of EDRF by HUAECs.	Chlorides	104-106	alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein	Homo sapiens	137-141
7507342-7	1994	The cells also increase chloride transport in response to bradykinin or calcium ionophore.	Chlorides	24-32	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	58-68
7507342-9	1994	These cells provide a valuable resource for studying the modulation of CFTR and its role in regulation of chloride ion transport in human airway epithelium as well as other aspects of human airway cell biology.	Chlorides	106-114	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	71-75
7508188-2	1994	Adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-activated CFTR chloride currents were detected in 78% (29/37) of wild-type cells, in 81% (35/43) of heterozygote cells, and in 61% (29/47) of homozygous cf/cf duct cells (P > 0.05, cf/cf vs. wild-type and heterozygote).	Chlorides	59-67	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	54-58
7802545-3	1994	Cell suspensions catalyzed the reductive dechlorination of PCE with pyruvate as electron donor at specific rates of up to 150 nmol (chloride released) min-1 (mg cell protein)-1 (300 microM PCE initially, pH 7.5, 25 degrees C).	Chlorides	132-140	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	151-176
7802545-8	1994	Cell extracts mediated the dehalogenation of PCE and of TCE with reduced methyl viologen as the electron donor at specific rates of up to 0.5 mumol (chloride released) min-1 (mg protein).-1 An abiotic reductive dehalogenation could be excluded since cell extracts heated for 10 min at 95 degrees C were inactive.	Chlorides	149-157	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	168-173
8015713-3	1994	Whole-cell voltage-clamp recording in differentiated P19 cells revealed that these cells possess GABA receptor-activated chloride currents which are blocked by bicuculline and potentiated by flurazepam.	Chlorides	121-129	GABA type A receptor-associated protein	Homo sapiens	97-110
7998821-5	1994	The effect of Cd on EDRF production by indomethacin-treated HUAECs was assessed by its anti-platelet aggregatory effect.	Chlorides	14-16	alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein	Homo sapiens	20-24
8261585-0	1994	Properties of a protein kinase C-activated chloride current in guinea pig ventricular myocytes.	Chlorides	43-51	Prkca	Cavia porcellus	16-32
8158221-16	1994	Chloride loading prolonged PDS duration in both genotypes, but the increase was greater in +/+ than in tg/tg neurons, indicating that a smaller GABAA inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) component was reversed in the mutant.	Chlorides	0-8	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	144-149
7581746-3	1994	Conversely, CPA does not show the other catalytic properties of ACe, i.e. chloride dependence, low Km for HHL, inhibition by specific synthetic ACE inhibitors and antibody, also hydrolysis of the other ACE substrate furylacryloylphenylalanyl-glycyl-glycine (FAPGG).	Chlorides	74-82	carboxypeptidase A1	Homo sapiens	12-15
8019599-6	1994	The co-expression of GPA with either glycosylated or unglycosylated b3 increased the stilbene disulphonate-sensitive chloride transport into oocytes at low cRNA concentrations.	Chlorides	117-125	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	21-24
7752561-5	1994	Following transfection of HeLa cells with cDNA encoding for Pgp, PKC-dependent suppression of volume activated chloride currents was observed.	Chlorides	111-119	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	60-63
7816003-4	1994	Results of this study indicate that Al compounds (chloride and citrate) at concentrations as low as 0.37 mumol Al/l inhibit erythropoiesis in vitro through a mechanism dependent upon the availability of transferrin to bind to aluminum.	Chlorides	50-58	transferrin	Mus musculus	203-214
8019599-7	1994	In both the presence or absence of GPA, a higher b3-mediated chloride influx into oocytes was observed on expression of glycosylated b3 cRNA compared with similar amounts of unglycosylated b3 cRNA.	Chlorides	61-69	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	35-38
7693598-0	1993	Monoclonal immunoglobulin A antibodies directed against cholera toxin prevent the toxin-induced chloride secretory response and block toxin binding to intestinal epithelial cells in vitro.	Chlorides	96-104	CD79a molecule	Homo sapiens	11-27
8052374-2	1994	In the present study, urinary and whole-kidney EGF levels were investigated in rats with mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced acute renal failure (ARF) using a specific radioimmunoassay for rat EGF to clarify changes in EGF after toxic injury.	Chlorides	98-106	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
8136703-6	1993	Chloride functioned as non-essential activator of corneal and retinal ACE.	Chlorides	0-8	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Ovis aries	70-73
8300752-5	1993	Increasing chloride concentration in the assay buffer resulted in an increase in BBECs ACE activity of 63%.	Chlorides	11-19	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Bos taurus	81-90
8126106-2	1993	The principal product of the AE3 gene in rodent brain, FL-AE3p, when expressed in heterologous cell lines, gives rise to chloride-dependent changes in intracellular pH consistent with its operation as an anion exchanger.	Chlorides	121-129	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
8241242-6	1993	These observations suggest that AVP has two different pathways to increase apical membrane chloride conductance in distal nephron A6 cells; i.e., (1) increases the Po and single channel conductance of 3 pS Cl- channels and (2) increases the number of 8 pS Cl- channels.	Chlorides	91-99	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	32-35
8218295-0	1993	Sodium- and chloride-dependent, cocaine-sensitive, high-affinity binding of nisoxetine to the human placental norepinephrine transporter.	Chlorides	12-20	solute carrier family 6 member 2	Homo sapiens	110-136
7504277-0	1993	The gene for congenital chloride diarrhea maps close to but is distinct from the gene for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.	Chlorides	24-32	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	90-141
8224200-2	1993	Opioid delta-agonists evoked a calcium-dependent chloride current in oocytes injected with mRNA derived from DOR1, together with that from the alpha subunit of Gi1.	Chlorides	49-57	opioid receptor, delta 1	Mus musculus	109-113
7694154-1	1993	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a non-rectifying, low-conductance channel regulated by ATP and phosphorylation, which mediates apical chloride conductance in secretory epithelia and malfunctions in cystic fibrosis (CF).	Chlorides	164-172	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-51
7694154-1	1993	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a non-rectifying, low-conductance channel regulated by ATP and phosphorylation, which mediates apical chloride conductance in secretory epithelia and malfunctions in cystic fibrosis (CF).	Chlorides	164-172	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	53-57
8131187-3	1993	Localized, subcellular Ca2+ spikes are thought to selectively activate effector systems such as Ca2+ activated chloride currents in pancreatic acinar cells, neurotransmitter release in synaptic nerve terminals, and morphological changes in neural growth cones.	Chlorides	111-119	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	23-26
8131187-3	1993	Localized, subcellular Ca2+ spikes are thought to selectively activate effector systems such as Ca2+ activated chloride currents in pancreatic acinar cells, neurotransmitter release in synaptic nerve terminals, and morphological changes in neural growth cones.	Chlorides	111-119	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	96-99
8301644-4	1993	Recently, we showed complete linkage of the disorder GM to the gene (CLCN1) coding for the skeletal muscle chloride channel CLC-1 and the TCRB gene on chromosome 7 in German families.	Chlorides	107-115	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	69-74
7508815-0	1993	Activation of Cl- currents by intracellular chloride in fibroblasts stably expressing the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.	Chlorides	44-52	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	96-147
7692851-4	1993	An RNase A/myristoyl chloride ratio of 1:4 (mol/mol) at Wo = 7 was found to give 60% of modified protein.	Chlorides	21-29	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	3-10
8238316-1	1993	The human erythrocyte anion transport protein (AE1) mediates the rapid, tightly coupled, electroneutral transmembrane exchange of bicarbonate for chloride.	Chlorides	146-154	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	47-50
8272366-5	1993	The conductance sequence of the channel as deduced from outward currents carried by five different anions including chloride was: Cl- > BR- > NO3- > gluconate > I-.	Chlorides	116-124	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	148-151
7689566-5	1993	266, 10319-10323), we found that treatment with the phorbol ester, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), reduced CFTR mRNA levels by approximately 80% with a t 1/2 of approximately 2 h. Chloride secretion, measured as forskolin-induced short circuit current, was also abolished by PMA with a t 1/2 of approximately 2 h. Levels of mature glycosylated CFTR measured by Western blotting also declined to 50 +/- 8% (n = 7) of control after a 12-h PMA treatment.	Chlorides	181-189	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	108-112
8399233-11	1993	These properties are different from those of the corresponding intermediate of rhodopsin [BL(BSI)-rhodopsin], suggesting that the binding of chloride to iodopsin, but not to rhodopsin, has an influence upon changes of the chromophore-opsin interaction in the early stage of photobleaching of iodopsin.	Chlorides	141-149	rhodopsin	Gallus gallus	79-88
8399233-11	1993	These properties are different from those of the corresponding intermediate of rhodopsin [BL(BSI)-rhodopsin], suggesting that the binding of chloride to iodopsin, but not to rhodopsin, has an influence upon changes of the chromophore-opsin interaction in the early stage of photobleaching of iodopsin.	Chlorides	141-149	rhodopsin	Gallus gallus	98-107
8399233-11	1993	These properties are different from those of the corresponding intermediate of rhodopsin [BL(BSI)-rhodopsin], suggesting that the binding of chloride to iodopsin, but not to rhodopsin, has an influence upon changes of the chromophore-opsin interaction in the early stage of photobleaching of iodopsin.	Chlorides	141-149	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	153-161
8399233-11	1993	These properties are different from those of the corresponding intermediate of rhodopsin [BL(BSI)-rhodopsin], suggesting that the binding of chloride to iodopsin, but not to rhodopsin, has an influence upon changes of the chromophore-opsin interaction in the early stage of photobleaching of iodopsin.	Chlorides	141-149	rhodopsin	Gallus gallus	98-107
8399233-11	1993	These properties are different from those of the corresponding intermediate of rhodopsin [BL(BSI)-rhodopsin], suggesting that the binding of chloride to iodopsin, but not to rhodopsin, has an influence upon changes of the chromophore-opsin interaction in the early stage of photobleaching of iodopsin.	Chlorides	141-149	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	292-300
7904922-0	1993	Effect of chloride and diamide on serum angiotensin I-converting enzyme activity from eight mammalian species.	Chlorides	10-18	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	40-71
7904922-2	1993	The effect of chloride on serum angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) activity was characterized in eight mammalian species: dog, guinea pig, hamster, human, mouse, rabbit, rat, and sheep.	Chlorides	14-22	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	32-63
7904922-2	1993	The effect of chloride on serum angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) activity was characterized in eight mammalian species: dog, guinea pig, hamster, human, mouse, rabbit, rat, and sheep.	Chlorides	14-22	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	65-68
8270912-14	1993	(f) A component of the whole-cell conductance in M-1 cells appears as a deactivating outward current during large depolarizing voltage pulses and is abolished by extracellular chloride removal.	Chlorides	176-184	cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 1, CNS	Mus musculus	49-52
7901754-0	1993	Potentiation of gamma-aminobutyric acid-induced chloride currents by various benzodiazepine site agonists with the alpha 1 gamma 2, beta 2 gamma 2 and alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2 subtypes of cloned gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors.	Chlorides	48-56	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	115-173
8245954-1	1993	The metastable, reversible carbethoxylation of histidine in the cobalt(III) complexes (ethylene-diamine)(histidine)chlorocobalt(III) chloride, [Co(III)(en)ClHis]Cl, and (diethylenetriamine) (histidine)cobalt(III) dichloride, [Co(III)(dien)His]Cl2, following reaction with diethylpyrocarbonate, was observed using UV spectroscopy.	Chlorides	133-141	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III	Homo sapiens	71-74
8245954-1	1993	The metastable, reversible carbethoxylation of histidine in the cobalt(III) complexes (ethylene-diamine)(histidine)chlorocobalt(III) chloride, [Co(III)(en)ClHis]Cl, and (diethylenetriamine) (histidine)cobalt(III) dichloride, [Co(III)(dien)His]Cl2, following reaction with diethylpyrocarbonate, was observed using UV spectroscopy.	Chlorides	133-141	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III	Homo sapiens	128-131
8245954-1	1993	The metastable, reversible carbethoxylation of histidine in the cobalt(III) complexes (ethylene-diamine)(histidine)chlorocobalt(III) chloride, [Co(III)(en)ClHis]Cl, and (diethylenetriamine) (histidine)cobalt(III) dichloride, [Co(III)(dien)His]Cl2, following reaction with diethylpyrocarbonate, was observed using UV spectroscopy.	Chlorides	133-141	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III	Homo sapiens	128-131
8347616-1	1993	Rates of iron release from both sites of free transferrin at pH 7.4 are critically dependent upon ionic strength, because release appears to require binding of a simple nonchelating anion such as chloride to a kinetically active site of the protein.	Chlorides	196-204	transferrin	Homo sapiens	46-57
18613081-2	1993	The effects of pH, ionic strength, and different cations of chlorides in a bulk aqueous phase and of AOT concentration in an organic phase on the partitioning of lysozyme and myoglobin and the solubilization of water are presented in detail.	Chlorides	60-69	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	162-170
8347616-8	1993	Furthermore, at pH 5.6 release rates depend upon anion (chloride) concentration in free and in receptor-complexed transferrin as in free transferrin at pH 7.4, extrapolating nearly to zero as chloride concentration approaches zero.	Chlorides	56-64	transferrin	Homo sapiens	114-125
8347616-8	1993	Furthermore, at pH 5.6 release rates depend upon anion (chloride) concentration in free and in receptor-complexed transferrin as in free transferrin at pH 7.4, extrapolating nearly to zero as chloride concentration approaches zero.	Chlorides	56-64	transferrin	Homo sapiens	137-148
8230088-7	1993	Intravascular angiotensin II receptors are implicated in the central release of vasopressin and other hypophyseal hormones, in increasing sympathetic outflow, in the thirst response and, possibly, in cognitive function; in the inotropic and chronotropic effects of angiotensin II on the heart as well as in growth/hypertrophy; in the control of aldosterone release and in the balance between cortisol and aldosterone secretion; and in modulating sodium, chloride and bicarbonate transport within the kidney.	Chlorides	454-462	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	14-28
8004491-8	1993	Effect of ATP and chlorides displays both, different and common properties of GAD from the mentioned three organs.	Chlorides	18-27	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	78-81
8004491-10	1993	Chlorides inhibited the brain and pancreatic GAD and activated the renal GAD.	Chlorides	0-9	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	45-48
8230088-7	1993	Intravascular angiotensin II receptors are implicated in the central release of vasopressin and other hypophyseal hormones, in increasing sympathetic outflow, in the thirst response and, possibly, in cognitive function; in the inotropic and chronotropic effects of angiotensin II on the heart as well as in growth/hypertrophy; in the control of aldosterone release and in the balance between cortisol and aldosterone secretion; and in modulating sodium, chloride and bicarbonate transport within the kidney.	Chlorides	454-462	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	80-91
8364890-4	1993	Di-n-butyltin dichloride, n-butyltin trichloride and tin (II) chloride, but not tin (IV) chloride, were also effective inducers of proliferin.	Chlorides	16-24	prolactin family 2, subfamily c, member 2	Mus musculus	131-141
7686146-6	1993	The PMA-induced degradation of CFTR may represent a regulatory pathway for terminating CFTR-mediated chloride and mucin secretion.	Chlorides	101-109	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	31-35
7686146-6	1993	The PMA-induced degradation of CFTR may represent a regulatory pathway for terminating CFTR-mediated chloride and mucin secretion.	Chlorides	101-109	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	87-91
7686400-1	1993	Modification of chloride conductance by bradykinin in epithelial cells has been attributed to an activation of protein kinase A resulting from adenylcyclase stimulation by arachidonic acid cyclooxygenase products.	Chlorides	16-24	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	40-50
8396158-1	1993	It has been reported that the urinary excretions of chloride (Cl), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg), but not sodium (Na), after furosemide, a loop diuretic, were decreased by pretreatment with lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor in hypertensive subjects.	Chlorides	52-60	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	209-212
8516350-2	1993	Within 2 weeks of initiation of dietary treatments, rats fed supplemental chloride had elevated blood pressure and lowered plasma renin activity, which persisted throughout the 8-week study.	Chlorides	74-82	renin	Rattus norvegicus	130-135
8412082-0	1993	A 5-HT3 receptor agonist induces neurally mediated chloride transport in rat distal colon.	Chlorides	51-59	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Rattus norvegicus	2-16
8390258-1	1993	Myeloperoxidase, the most abundant enzyme in neutrophils, catalyses the conversion of hydrogen peroxide and chloride to hypochlorous acid.	Chlorides	108-116	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
8388325-12	1993	The thrombin-induced contraction of portal vein strips was completely inhibited by isradipine, and thrombin did not produce an increase in cytosolic [Ca2+], measured by indo-1 fluorescence in cells clamped at -50 mV, sufficient to activate Ca(2+)-dependent chloride current.	Chlorides	257-265	coagulation factor II	Rattus norvegicus	4-12
8315349-8	1993	to H2O2, can increase the activity of the MPO-H2O2-chloride antimicrobial system released by stimulated PMNs.	Chlorides	51-59	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	42-45
7686701-2	1993	CFTR is a molecular channel which controls chloride concentration in secretions of the sweat glands and the respiratory, GI, and reproductive tracts.	Chlorides	43-51	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
8387748-7	1993	The reaction with myeloperoxidase required chloride and was inhibited by catalase and methionine, indicating the involvement of hypochlorite.	Chlorides	43-51	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	18-33
7683654-7	1993	The carboxyl-terminal active site was more readily activated by chloride and hydrolyzed substance P faster.	Chlorides	64-72	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	88-99
7683654-12	1993	However, only the carboxyl-terminal active site can undergo a chloride-induced alteration that greatly enhances the hydrolysis of AI or substance P, and the amino-terminal active site possesses an unusual amino-terminal endoproteolytic specificity for a natural peptide.	Chlorides	62-70	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	136-147
7684181-12	1993	In the porcine intestine, however, the Isc response induced by ANF seems to involve stimulation of electrogenic chloride secretion, whereas electrogenic sodium absorption seems unaffected.	Chlorides	112-120	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	63-66
8482447-8	1993	Endothelin 1 significantly decreased net sodium and net chloride absorption and induced a marked increase in prostacyclin release from the serosal surface of stripped colonic mucosa.	Chlorides	56-64	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-12
8321621-2	1993	The PKC activator, 4 beta-phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (4 beta-PDB), reduced chloride conductance (GCl) at concentrations greater than 1 microM and did not affect potassium conductance (GK).	Chlorides	73-81	germ cell-less 1, spermatogenesis associated	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
7681623-6	1993	Physiologically, these CFTR channels act in parallel with chloride-bicarbonate exchangers to facilitate bicarbonate secretion across the apical plasma membrane of the duct cell.	Chlorides	58-66	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	23-27
8390449-6	1993	The inhibition of the vanadium (IV) catalyzed NADH oxidation in the presence of stannum (IV) chloride by catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and hydroxyl radical scavengers indicated that the stannum (IV) chloride stimulated NADH oxidation consisted of almost the same reaction steps as that in the absence of stannum (IV) chloride.	Chlorides	93-101	catalase	Homo sapiens	105-113
8390449-6	1993	The inhibition of the vanadium (IV) catalyzed NADH oxidation in the presence of stannum (IV) chloride by catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and hydroxyl radical scavengers indicated that the stannum (IV) chloride stimulated NADH oxidation consisted of almost the same reaction steps as that in the absence of stannum (IV) chloride.	Chlorides	93-101	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	115-135
8390449-6	1993	The inhibition of the vanadium (IV) catalyzed NADH oxidation in the presence of stannum (IV) chloride by catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and hydroxyl radical scavengers indicated that the stannum (IV) chloride stimulated NADH oxidation consisted of almost the same reaction steps as that in the absence of stannum (IV) chloride.	Chlorides	93-101	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	137-140
7681548-4	1993	Cyclic-AMP-regulated chloride conductances are altered in airway epithelia from CF patients, suggesting that the functional expression of CFTR in the airways of CF patients may be a strategy for treatment.	Chlorides	21-29	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	138-142
7684641-1	1993	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene encodes a cAMP-activated chloride (Cl-) channel, and expression of the full length gene in vitro is sufficient to correct the Cl- conductance defect that is characteristic of cystic fibrosis (CF) epithelial cells.	Chlorides	93-101	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-55
7684641-1	1993	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene encodes a cAMP-activated chloride (Cl-) channel, and expression of the full length gene in vitro is sufficient to correct the Cl- conductance defect that is characteristic of cystic fibrosis (CF) epithelial cells.	Chlorides	93-101	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
8384795-13	1993	These results provide evidence that PACAP recognizes, in some part, VIP receptors in the submucosal neurons to evoke chloride secretion.	Chlorides	117-125	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	68-71
7686304-7	1993	Chloride efflux from colon cancer cells is stimulated by cyclic AMP and vaso-active intestinal peptide (VIP), and can be inhibited by pretreatment of the cells with phorbol myristate acetate, which downregulates the cAMP-regulated chloride efflux mechanism.	Chlorides	0-8	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Bos taurus	72-102
7686304-7	1993	Chloride efflux from colon cancer cells is stimulated by cyclic AMP and vaso-active intestinal peptide (VIP), and can be inhibited by pretreatment of the cells with phorbol myristate acetate, which downregulates the cAMP-regulated chloride efflux mechanism.	Chlorides	0-8	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Bos taurus	104-107
8441823-5	1993	Results showed that ANF decreased bile flow and the excretion rate of sodium, potassium, chloride, bile acids, cholesterol and proteins.	Chlorides	89-97	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
8419057-1	1993	The ionic activities and total molalities of sodium, potassium, calcium, lithium, and chloride in a solution of human serum albumin were measured at different values of pH between 4 and 9.	Chlorides	86-94	albumin	Homo sapiens	118-131
8296602-1	1993	The demonstration of vasculitis and anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies in the mercuric chloride treated Brown Norway rat provides a useful, though limited, animal model of systemic vasculitis.	Chlorides	84-92	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	41-56
8312389-2	1993	The purified aminopeptidase B eluted at 0.18 M NaCl, had a relative molecular mass of 76,000 Da and was markedly stimulated in the presence of 0.2 M chloride anion.	Chlorides	149-163	arginyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	13-29
8428200-4	1993	Reduction of perfusate chloride from a high (117 mM) to low (87 mM) concentration, by substitution of sodium chloride with a mixture of sodium salts of propionate, acetate and methanesulphonate, reduced responsiveness to all three vasoconstrictors, the change for AII being most pronounced.	Chlorides	23-31	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	264-267
8428200-6	1993	For AII, reduced vasoactivity with low chloride was evident both in terms of the threshold dose and on the linear part of the dose-response curve but not for the maximum response.	Chlorides	39-47	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
8428200-7	1993	This attenuating effect of low chloride on the vasoconstrictor response to AII was reversed when perfusion with high chloride was reinstituted.	Chlorides	31-39	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
8428200-7	1993	This attenuating effect of low chloride on the vasoconstrictor response to AII was reversed when perfusion with high chloride was reinstituted.	Chlorides	117-125	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
8428200-8	1993	Continuous perfusion with high chloride progressively increased the vasoconstrictor effect of low doses of AII for successive dose-response curves.	Chlorides	31-39	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
8085404-13	1993	The chloride requirement could be explained by the existence of a chloride conductor coupled to the proton pump (H+ ATPase-type V) due to the inhibitory effect of duramycin.	Chlorides	4-12	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	116-122
8085404-13	1993	The chloride requirement could be explained by the existence of a chloride conductor coupled to the proton pump (H+ ATPase-type V) due to the inhibitory effect of duramycin.	Chlorides	66-74	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	116-122
8393960-6	1993	Incubation of the preparation with arginine vasopressin, dibutyryl-cAMP, or 8-bromo-cAMP approximately doubled chloride conductance to 16.6 +/- 1.7 pS (p < 0.01).	Chlorides	111-119	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	44-55
8097457-3	1993	GABAA receptors are composed of a number of different subunits that assemble to form a chloride ionophore.	Chlorides	87-95	Resistant to dieldrin	Drosophila melanogaster	0-5
8388979-4	1993	The effect of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) on GH secretion was attenuated in the chloride-free media, but it was not affected by simultaneous administration of chloride channel blockers.	Chlorides	92-100	growth hormone releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	14-46
8388979-4	1993	The effect of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) on GH secretion was attenuated in the chloride-free media, but it was not affected by simultaneous administration of chloride channel blockers.	Chlorides	92-100	growth hormone releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
8388979-4	1993	The effect of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) on GH secretion was attenuated in the chloride-free media, but it was not affected by simultaneous administration of chloride channel blockers.	Chlorides	92-100	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	48-50
7683164-7	1993	However, the intestinal manifestations of CF are more complex than just the alterations in the CFTR protein responsible for the chloride transport.	Chlorides	128-136	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	95-99
1283641-2	1992	In cells infected with both alpha 1 and beta 1 recombinant viruses, GABA elicited an outwardly rectifying chloride current that was blocked by bicuculline and potentiated by pentobarbitone.	Chlorides	106-114	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	28-46
1445907-1	1992	The amidase activity of human alpha-thrombin has been studied at steady state as a function of the concentration of several chloride salts, at a constant ionic strength I = 0.2 M. All kinetic steps of the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme have been solved by studies conducted as a function of relative viscosity of the solution.	Chlorides	124-138	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	36-44
1482343-4	1992	It is suggested that the known DIDS effect of inhibiting transmembrane anion exchange, i.e., chloride/bicarbonate exchange, might play a role in the stimulation of TNF-alpha production by PBMC exposed to DIDS.	Chlorides	93-101	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	164-173
1476171-1	1992	Vasopressin stimulates calcium signaling and chloride-dependent depolarization in glomerular mesangial cells.	Chlorides	45-53	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	0-11
1293241-4	1992	SMS 201-995 reduced the daily ileostomy output from 997 +/- 52 g to 736 +/- 28 g, P < 0.05, along with a decrease in daily sodium and chloride excretion (sodium: 92.60 +/- 8.51 to 75.22 +/- 8.64 mEq, chloride: 143.46 +/- 8.54 to 113.60 +/- 15.84 mEq; both P < 0.05).	Chlorides	137-145	spermine synthase	Homo sapiens	0-3
1293241-4	1992	SMS 201-995 reduced the daily ileostomy output from 997 +/- 52 g to 736 +/- 28 g, P < 0.05, along with a decrease in daily sodium and chloride excretion (sodium: 92.60 +/- 8.51 to 75.22 +/- 8.64 mEq, chloride: 143.46 +/- 8.54 to 113.60 +/- 15.84 mEq; both P < 0.05).	Chlorides	203-211	spermine synthase	Homo sapiens	0-3
1329803-4	1992	Specific binding sites for rANP were demonstrated by displacement and uptake experiments using labelled rANP in dispersed eel branchial cell preparations, enriched in chloride cells.	Chlorides	167-175	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	27-31
1279436-0	1992	Control of CFTR chloride conductance by ATP levels through non-hydrolytic binding.	Chlorides	16-24	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	11-15
1279436-2	1992	As transport of chloride ions is passive, the predicted presence of two nucleotide-binding domains in CFTR seems as puzzling as a report that ATP hydrolysis is essential to activate the channel.	Chlorides	16-24	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	102-106
1328183-6	1992	In the second mechanism, however, chloride ion is oxidized by myeloperoxidase to HOCl which reacts with 1,3-butadiene to yield CHB.	Chlorides	34-42	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	62-77
1330182-10	1992	was mediated by activation of the GABAA receptor-chloride ionophore complex.	Chlorides	49-57	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	34-39
1385395-2	1992	The coexpression of GPA with band 3 increased stilbene disulfonate-sensitive chloride transport into the oocytes.	Chlorides	77-85	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	20-23
1385395-4	1992	The enhancement of chloride transport was specific to GPA and was not observed when either glycophorin B or glycophorin C was coexpressed with band 3.	Chlorides	19-27	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	54-57
1385395-4	1992	The enhancement of chloride transport was specific to GPA and was not observed when either glycophorin B or glycophorin C was coexpressed with band 3.	Chlorides	19-27	glycophorin C (Gerbich blood group)	Homo sapiens	108-121
1282225-1	1992	Whole cell recordings from hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons using electrode chloride concentrations of 12-80 mM demonstrated that the effect of synaptic activation of GABAA receptors was dependent on the transmembrane chloride gradient.	Chlorides	77-85	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	39-42
1282225-1	1992	Whole cell recordings from hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons using electrode chloride concentrations of 12-80 mM demonstrated that the effect of synaptic activation of GABAA receptors was dependent on the transmembrane chloride gradient.	Chlorides	219-227	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	39-42
1281032-7	1992	Incorporation of CFTR into non-chloride transporting insect cells by conferring chloride transport, proved it a chloride channel.	Chlorides	31-39	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	17-21
1281032-7	1992	Incorporation of CFTR into non-chloride transporting insect cells by conferring chloride transport, proved it a chloride channel.	Chlorides	80-88	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	17-21
1281032-8	1992	CFTR incorporated into adenovirus results in correction of the chloride transport defect in airway cells, bringing gene therapy closer.	Chlorides	63-71	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
1358380-14	1992	The present study showed that the electrogenic chloride secretion by rat epididymis could be stimulated by (alphaxi-, beta131- and beta2-adrenoceptor agonists.	Chlorides	47-55	adrenoceptor beta 2	Rattus norvegicus	118-149
1522230-12	1992	PTH decreased and NPPB increased intracellular chloride, measured with the fluorescent dye SPQ.	Chlorides	47-55	natriuretic peptide type B	Mus musculus	18-22
1522230-15	1992	Clamping voltage with K+/valinomycin; depolarizing membrane voltage by reducing extracellular chloride; or addition of NPPB prevented PTH-induced calcium uptake.	Chlorides	94-102	parathyroid hormone	Mus musculus	134-137
1522230-16	1992	In conclusion, PTH increases chloride conductance in distal convoluted tubule cells leading to decreased intracellular chloride activity, membrane hyperpolarization, and increased calcium entry through dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels.	Chlorides	29-37	parathyroid hormone	Mus musculus	15-18
1522230-16	1992	In conclusion, PTH increases chloride conductance in distal convoluted tubule cells leading to decreased intracellular chloride activity, membrane hyperpolarization, and increased calcium entry through dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels.	Chlorides	119-127	parathyroid hormone	Mus musculus	15-18
1380724-2	1992	In cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, loss of CFTR function because of a genetic mutation results in defective cyclic AMP-mediated chloride secretion across epithelia.	Chlorides	127-135	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	42-46
1434322-10	1992	Chloride in CSF was not so important to diagnose tuberculous meningitis in children.	Chlorides	0-8	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	12-15
1380724-4	1992	In both freshly excised tissue from the intestine and in cultured epithelia from the proximal airways, the cyclic AMP-activated chloride secretory response was absent in CFTR(-/-) mice as compared to littermate controls.	Chlorides	128-136	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	170-174
1380724-5	1992	Thus, disruption of the murine CFTR gene results in the chloride transport abnormalities predicted from studies of human CF epithelia.	Chlorides	56-64	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	31-35
1324677-5	1992	Dapsone was much more effective as an inhibitor of both MPO and EPO when chloride rather than tetramethylbenzidine was the substrate.	Chlorides	73-81	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	56-59
1324677-5	1992	Dapsone was much more effective as an inhibitor of both MPO and EPO when chloride rather than tetramethylbenzidine was the substrate.	Chlorides	73-81	eosinophil peroxidase	Homo sapiens	64-67
1324677-9	1992	EPO, but not MPO, was partially protected against inactivation by adding physiologic levels of bromide along with chloride.	Chlorides	114-122	eosinophil peroxidase	Homo sapiens	0-3
1353889-2	1992	mRNA synthesized from this clone (designated GLYT1) directs the expression of sodium- and chloride-dependent, high-affinity uptake of [3H]glycine by Xenopus oocytes.	Chlorides	90-98	solute carrier family 6 member 9	Rattus norvegicus	45-50
1321589-1	1992	Stimulated neutrophils produce hypochlorous acid (HOCl) via the myeloperoxidase-catalyzed reaction of hydrogen peroxide with chloride.	Chlorides	125-133	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	64-79
1322936-0	1992	Effects of atrial natriuretic peptide and vasopressin on chloride transport in long- and short-looped medullary thick ascending limbs.	Chlorides	57-65	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	42-53
1325030-6	1992	GABA-activated chloride currents, recorded from GT1-7 cells, were blocked by bicuculline and Zn2+ but were insensitive to diazepam.	Chlorides	15-23	retinoic acid induced 1	Mus musculus	48-53
1379720-0	1992	Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator inhibit cAMP-activated but not calcium-activated chloride currents.	Chlorides	140-148	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	39-90
1379720-1	1992	Phosphorylation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) by cAMP-dependent protein kinase leads to chloride flux in epithelial cells.	Chlorides	124-132	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	23-74
1379720-1	1992	Phosphorylation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) by cAMP-dependent protein kinase leads to chloride flux in epithelial cells.	Chlorides	124-132	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	76-80
1353889-7	1992	The primary structure and hydropathicity profile of GLYT1 protein reveal that this protein is a member of the sodium- and chloride-dependent superfamily of transporters that utilize neurotransmitters and related substances as substrates.	Chlorides	122-130	solute carrier family 6 member 9	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
1380978-2	1992	Application of acetylcholine (ACh) (25-1,000 nM) and cholecystokinin (CCK) (2-10 pM) evoked oscillatory responses in both cation and chloride currents measured in whole cell experiments.	Chlorides	133-141	cholecystokinin	Mus musculus	53-68
1378834-0	1992	Phospholemman expression induces a hyperpolarization-activated chloride current in Xenopus oocytes.	Chlorides	63-71	FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-13
1378834-2	1992	Xenopus oocytes injected with phospholemman RNA developed a chloride-selective current, which was activated by hyperpolarizing pulses.	Chlorides	60-68	FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	30-43
1321719-9	1992	Chloride, which is a substrate of the enzyme not only protects myeloperoxidase against bleaching by hypochlorous acid but also competitively inhibits the binding of hypochlorous acid to myeloperoxidase, a process which also has been observed in the reaction with hydrogen peroxide.	Chlorides	0-8	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	63-78
1321719-9	1992	Chloride, which is a substrate of the enzyme not only protects myeloperoxidase against bleaching by hypochlorous acid but also competitively inhibits the binding of hypochlorous acid to myeloperoxidase, a process which also has been observed in the reaction with hydrogen peroxide.	Chlorides	0-8	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	186-201
1321625-1	1992	Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) treatment of synaptosomal membranes, which causes the release of fatty acids, particularly unsaturated fatty acids, inhibits the flux of chloride ions through the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) benzodiazepine receptor ion channel in response to activation by agonists.	Chlorides	161-169	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	0-16
1321625-1	1992	Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) treatment of synaptosomal membranes, which causes the release of fatty acids, particularly unsaturated fatty acids, inhibits the flux of chloride ions through the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) benzodiazepine receptor ion channel in response to activation by agonists.	Chlorides	161-169	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	18-22
1411581-3	1992	MMP-8 is activated by hypochlorous acid produced by myeloperoxidase from hydrogen peroxide and chloride ion and by the hydroxyl radical produced in Haber Weiss reaction fed by superoxide produced by, eg, NADPH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) oxidase and xanthine oxidase.	Chlorides	95-103	matrix metallopeptidase 8	Homo sapiens	0-5
1411581-3	1992	MMP-8 is activated by hypochlorous acid produced by myeloperoxidase from hydrogen peroxide and chloride ion and by the hydroxyl radical produced in Haber Weiss reaction fed by superoxide produced by, eg, NADPH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) oxidase and xanthine oxidase.	Chlorides	95-103	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	52-67
1380978-2	1992	Application of acetylcholine (ACh) (25-1,000 nM) and cholecystokinin (CCK) (2-10 pM) evoked oscillatory responses in both cation and chloride currents measured in whole cell experiments.	Chlorides	133-141	cholecystokinin	Mus musculus	70-73
1625210-13	1992	We conclude that ET-1 stimulates smooth muscle directly, whereas its effect on epithelial chloride secretion is mediated in part via the enteric nerves.	Chlorides	90-98	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
1326745-0	1992	Endothelin-1 stimulates chloride and potassium secretion in rabbit descending colon.	Chlorides	24-32	endothelin-1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-12
1377674-1	1992	Regulation of epithelial chloride flux, which is defective in patients with cystic fibrosis, may be mediated by phosphorylation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) or protein kinase C (PKC).	Chlorides	25-33	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	135-186
1377674-1	1992	Regulation of epithelial chloride flux, which is defective in patients with cystic fibrosis, may be mediated by phosphorylation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) or protein kinase C (PKC).	Chlorides	25-33	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	188-192
1597152-7	1992	Hypertonicity and substitution of chloride with isethionate, which inhibit stimulated PRL release, reduced the amount of CgB and SgII released in response to secretagogues, but not basally.	Chlorides	34-42	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
1597152-7	1992	Hypertonicity and substitution of chloride with isethionate, which inhibit stimulated PRL release, reduced the amount of CgB and SgII released in response to secretagogues, but not basally.	Chlorides	34-42	chromogranin B	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
1597152-7	1992	Hypertonicity and substitution of chloride with isethionate, which inhibit stimulated PRL release, reduced the amount of CgB and SgII released in response to secretagogues, but not basally.	Chlorides	34-42	secretogranin II	Rattus norvegicus	129-133
1319066-2	1992	Monocytes, when stimulated, release myeloperoxidase (MPO) and produce H2O2; MPO reacts with H2O2 and chloride to form hypochlorous acid, a known microbicidal agent.	Chlorides	101-109	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	76-79
1318327-4	1992	The viricidal effect was lost when chloride was replaced by sulfate and was inhibited by the peroxidase inhibitor azide and by catalase, but not by heated catalase or superoxide dismutase, implicating H2O2.	Chlorides	35-43	catalase	Homo sapiens	127-135
1318327-7	1992	The data suggest that when PMN are stimulated, MPO released by degranulation reacts with H2O2 formed by the respiratory burst to oxidize chloride to a product (presumably hypochlorous acid) that is toxic to HIV-1.	Chlorides	137-145	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	47-50
1533499-7	1992	The latter enzyme was activated by sulfate and chloride and was unaffected by N-ethylmaleimide, whereas the S. solfataricus ATPase was inhibited by these anions as well as N-ethylmaleimide.	Chlorides	47-55	tRNA(Met) cytidine acetyltransferase TmcA	Saccharolobus solfataricus	124-130
1314659-11	1992	Chloride ions, which activate other Zn2+ metalloenzymes, also activated leukotriene A4 hydrolase/aminopeptidase with an EC50 = 50 mM, increasing its initial velocity 2.2-fold in the absence of albumin.	Chlorides	0-8	leukotriene A4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens	72-96
1314659-11	1992	Chloride ions, which activate other Zn2+ metalloenzymes, also activated leukotriene A4 hydrolase/aminopeptidase with an EC50 = 50 mM, increasing its initial velocity 2.2-fold in the absence of albumin.	Chlorides	0-8	carboxypeptidase Q	Homo sapiens	97-111
1319450-4	1992	The CGRP-induced rise in the SCC was dependent on the presence of chloride in the bathing solution.	Chlorides	66-74	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	4-8
1590489-8	1992	At the level of the proximal tubules of the reptilian-type nephrons, prolactin infusion caused a slight reduction in the net reabsorption of sodium and chloride.	Chlorides	152-160	prolactin	Homo sapiens	69-78
1314821-7	1992	The addition of purified myeloperoxidase to an enzymatic superoxide generating system resulted in the detection of hydroxyl radical that was dependent upon the presence of chloride and was inhibited by superoxide dismutase, catalase, and azide.	Chlorides	172-180	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	25-40
1322994-8	1992	In contrast, a marked amiloride-insensitive pHi recovery was observed in CO2/HCO3(-)-buffered solution which was mediated by chloride-independent and chloride-dependent Na+ HCO3- cotransport.	Chlorides	125-133	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	44-47
1322994-11	1992	We conclude that Na+/H+ exchange and chloride-independent and chloride-dependent Na(+)-HCO3- cotransport are involved in the pHi regulation of cultured human ciliary muscle cells.	Chlorides	37-45	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	125-128
1373728-8	1992	Chloride current activation, which accompanies cellular swelling, was partially attenuated in anti-CFTR505-511 antibody-loaded cells as compared with control cells perfused with either saline or irrelevant antibody.	Chlorides	0-8	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	99-103
1314821-7	1992	The addition of purified myeloperoxidase to an enzymatic superoxide generating system resulted in the detection of hydroxyl radical that was dependent upon the presence of chloride and was inhibited by superoxide dismutase, catalase, and azide.	Chlorides	172-180	catalase	Homo sapiens	224-232
1373728-9	1992	These results further support a role for CFTR in anion transport in epithelial cells and suggest its possible involvement in a number of anion transport pathways in chloride secretory epithelia.	Chlorides	165-173	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	41-45
1566880-11	1992	G protein activation by aluminum fluoride also resulted in cellular depolarization mediated by an enhanced conductance to chloride, which persisted when calcium and PKC-signaling pathways were eliminated.	Chlorides	122-130	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	165-168
1566937-4	1992	Truncated and substituted, forms of hCNP were also capable of stimulation of chloride secretion in the order hCNP greater than hCNP (6-22) = [Gly9]hCNP greater than hCNP-(7-21).	Chlorides	77-85	2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens	36-40
1566937-4	1992	Truncated and substituted, forms of hCNP were also capable of stimulation of chloride secretion in the order hCNP greater than hCNP (6-22) = [Gly9]hCNP greater than hCNP-(7-21).	Chlorides	77-85	2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens	109-113
1566937-4	1992	Truncated and substituted, forms of hCNP were also capable of stimulation of chloride secretion in the order hCNP greater than hCNP (6-22) = [Gly9]hCNP greater than hCNP-(7-21).	Chlorides	77-85	2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens	109-113
1566937-4	1992	Truncated and substituted, forms of hCNP were also capable of stimulation of chloride secretion in the order hCNP greater than hCNP (6-22) = [Gly9]hCNP greater than hCNP-(7-21).	Chlorides	77-85	2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens	109-113
1566937-4	1992	Truncated and substituted, forms of hCNP were also capable of stimulation of chloride secretion in the order hCNP greater than hCNP (6-22) = [Gly9]hCNP greater than hCNP-(7-21).	Chlorides	77-85	2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens	109-113
1373908-4	1992	Adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate is known to regulate endocytosis and exocytosis in chloride-secreting epithelial cells that express CFTR.	Chlorides	81-89	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	130-134
1586664-2	1992	Different chloride binding sites can be distinguished according to their Mg2+ sensitivity.	Chlorides	10-18	mucin 7, secreted	Homo sapiens	73-76
1566880-12	1992	This suggests the presence of a calcium- and PKC-independent pathway for G protein-mediated chloride-dependent depolarization.	Chlorides	92-100	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	45-48
1319151-1	1992	The affinity constant Ka of PPi-PFK for Fru 2,6-P2 is equal to 1.56 nM for the potato enzyme and to 6.67 nM for that of the mung bean in the absence of chloride ions.	Chlorides	152-160	pyrophosphate--fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase subunit alpha	Solanum tuberosum	28-35
1558158-0	1992	Involvement of chloride in renin secretion from isolated rat glomeruli.	Chlorides	15-23	renin	Rattus norvegicus	27-32
1558158-7	1992	In May reintroduction of calcium and chloride stimulated renin release, suggesting that releasable renin had been stockpiled during the exposure to calcium-free solution.	Chlorides	37-45	renin	Rattus norvegicus	57-62
1558158-7	1992	In May reintroduction of calcium and chloride stimulated renin release, suggesting that releasable renin had been stockpiled during the exposure to calcium-free solution.	Chlorides	37-45	renin	Rattus norvegicus	99-104
1558158-8	1992	In September reintroduction of calcium and chloride inhibited renin release.	Chlorides	43-51	renin	Rattus norvegicus	62-67
1314575-5	1992	Finally, kidney angiotensin I-converting activity increased significantly in both groups as chloride anion concentration in the assay buffer increased.	Chlorides	92-106	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	16-29
1314575-6	1992	Substituting chloride anion for citrate abrogated the increase in angiotensin I-converting enzyme activity.	Chlorides	13-27	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	66-79
1570527-0	1992	[Treatment of symptomatic bone metastases of prostatic carcinoma with strontium (Sr-89) chloride: initial experience].	Chlorides	88-96	LUC7 like	Homo sapiens	81-86
1319151-4	1992	The inhibition constant Ki is equal to 15.6 mM for potato PPi-PFK up to 40 mM chloride.	Chlorides	78-86	pyrophosphate--fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase subunit alpha	Solanum tuberosum	58-65
1319151-7	1992	Other halide ions are also found to inhibit the potato PPi-PFK: bromide is competitive like chloride, whereas fluoride and iodide have a mixed inhibition towards Fru 2,6-P2.	Chlorides	92-100	pyrophosphate--fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase subunit alpha	Solanum tuberosum	55-62
1371114-0	1992	Human lymphocytes transcribe the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene and exhibit CF-defective cAMP-regulated chloride current.	Chlorides	130-138	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	33-84
1372253-0	1992	Transfection of wild-type CFTR into cystic fibrosis lymphocytes restores chloride conductance at G1 of the cell cycle.	Chlorides	73-81	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	26-30
1371114-10	1992	We conclude that CFTR mRNA is expressed in lymphocytes, consistent with the cAMP regulation of chloride transport present in normal lymphocytes but defective in CF-derived lymphocytes.	Chlorides	95-103	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	17-21
1316115-4	1992	Degradation of MeHg and EtHg with the myeloperoxidase (MPO)-H2O2-chloride system was inhibited by MPO inhibitors (cyanide and azide), catalase, hypochlorous acid (HOCI) scavengers (glycine, alanine, serine and taurine), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane and 2,5-dimethylfuran, but not by hydroxyl radical scavengers (ethanol and mannitol).	Chlorides	65-73	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	38-53
1536866-9	1992	In conclusion, the results indicate that under physiological conditions, chloride ions may selectively stimulate the peptidase activity of LTA4 hydrolase.	Chlorides	73-81	leukotriene A4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens	139-153
1552700-2	1992	PAF, 10(-7) M in the bath, significantly decreased the net chloride flux (JCl) from 48.8 +/- 7.1 to 27.4 +/- 5.7 pmol/min.	Chlorides	59-67	patchy fur	Mus musculus	0-3
1346555-1	1992	Intestinal guanylate cyclase mediates the action of the heat-stable enterotoxin to cause a decrease in intestinal fluid absorption and to increase chloride secretion, ultimately causing diarrhea.	Chlorides	147-155	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	0-28
1462848-0	1992	Regulation of bradykinin-induced chloride secretion in a human epithelial cell line.	Chlorides	33-41	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	14-24
1462848-1	1992	The chloride secretory response to bradykinin in T84 cells is regulated.	Chlorides	4-12	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	35-45
1309797-10	1992	When chloride binds to EOCl, it either induces release of HOCl or reacts with EOCl to produce Cl2, which is released from the enzyme.	Chlorides	5-13	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	94-97
1334628-2	1992	In oocytes expressing the receptor, bradykinin-induced chloride current is blocked by [Thi5,8 dPhe7]BK and is unaffected by des-Arg9-BK suggesting that the cDNA encodes a classical B2 type receptor.	Chlorides	55-63	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	36-46
1316115-4	1992	Degradation of MeHg and EtHg with the myeloperoxidase (MPO)-H2O2-chloride system was inhibited by MPO inhibitors (cyanide and azide), catalase, hypochlorous acid (HOCI) scavengers (glycine, alanine, serine and taurine), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane and 2,5-dimethylfuran, but not by hydroxyl radical scavengers (ethanol and mannitol).	Chlorides	65-73	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	55-58
1316115-4	1992	Degradation of MeHg and EtHg with the myeloperoxidase (MPO)-H2O2-chloride system was inhibited by MPO inhibitors (cyanide and azide), catalase, hypochlorous acid (HOCI) scavengers (glycine, alanine, serine and taurine), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane and 2,5-dimethylfuran, but not by hydroxyl radical scavengers (ethanol and mannitol).	Chlorides	65-73	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	98-101
1551244-3	1992	The CF gene on chromosome 7 encodes a protein identified as CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) which regulates chloride ion transport in epithelial cell membranes.	Chlorides	122-134	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	60-98
1339589-6	1992	The two active sites of ACE, however, do not display the same sensitivity to anion activation (the C terminal active site being more chloride activatable) and also differs in kinetic parameters for peptide hydrolysis.	Chlorides	133-141	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	24-27
1551244-3	1992	The CF gene on chromosome 7 encodes a protein identified as CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) which regulates chloride ion transport in epithelial cell membranes.	Chlorides	122-134	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	100-104
1281506-0	1992	Synergistic action of cyclic GMP on catecholamine-induced chloride current in guinea-pig ventricular cells.	Chlorides	58-66	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	29-32
1316293-8	1992	The MPO-H2O2 system oxidizes mildly LDL but in the presence of chloride a propagation phase, with a rapid increase of conjugated diene formation, was observed.	Chlorides	63-71	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
1348475-6	1992	The output of chloride also increased following vasoactive intestinal peptide infusion but decreased following somatostatin infusion.	Chlorides	14-22	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	48-77
1348475-6	1992	The output of chloride also increased following vasoactive intestinal peptide infusion but decreased following somatostatin infusion.	Chlorides	14-22	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	111-123
1348475-7	1992	The concentration of chloride was unaffected by somatostatin whereas it was decreased by vasoactive intestinal peptide.	Chlorides	21-29	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	89-118
12106376-8	1992	Removal of extracellular chloride produced a reversible alkalinization of pHi in a third of the cells studied.	Chlorides	25-33	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
1281506-2	1992	Effects of cyclic GMP on the catecholamine-induced chloride current (ICl) were studied using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique combined with internal perfusion in single ventricular myocytes dispersed from guinea-pig heart.	Chlorides	51-59	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	18-21
1329132-0	1992	Increased GABAA-dependent chloride uptake in mice selectively bred for low aggressive behavior.	Chlorides	26-34	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	10-15
1284810-6	1992	The normal cAMP-stimulated chloride-transport, lacking in CF-cells is restored by transfer and expression of CFTR-cDNA-recombinants in these cells.	Chlorides	27-35	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	109-113
1575904-4	1992	The response to the perfused doses of 0.15 to 2.4 nmol.100 g-1.h-1 of VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) differed qualitatively and quantitatively in the 3 segments: VIP increased bicarbonate secretion and induced chloride secretion in the duodenum, induced chloride secretion in the jejunum without changing bicarbonate minimal influx, induced bicarbonate secretion and suppressed chloride absorption in the ileum.	Chlorides	215-223	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
1332155-0	1992	Endothelin-1 stimulates chloride secretion across canine tracheal epithelium.	Chlorides	24-32	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	0-12
1575904-4	1992	The response to the perfused doses of 0.15 to 2.4 nmol.100 g-1.h-1 of VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) differed qualitatively and quantitatively in the 3 segments: VIP increased bicarbonate secretion and induced chloride secretion in the duodenum, induced chloride secretion in the jejunum without changing bicarbonate minimal influx, induced bicarbonate secretion and suppressed chloride absorption in the ileum.	Chlorides	215-223	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	75-104
1575904-4	1992	The response to the perfused doses of 0.15 to 2.4 nmol.100 g-1.h-1 of VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) differed qualitatively and quantitatively in the 3 segments: VIP increased bicarbonate secretion and induced chloride secretion in the duodenum, induced chloride secretion in the jejunum without changing bicarbonate minimal influx, induced bicarbonate secretion and suppressed chloride absorption in the ileum.	Chlorides	259-267	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
1575904-4	1992	The response to the perfused doses of 0.15 to 2.4 nmol.100 g-1.h-1 of VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) differed qualitatively and quantitatively in the 3 segments: VIP increased bicarbonate secretion and induced chloride secretion in the duodenum, induced chloride secretion in the jejunum without changing bicarbonate minimal influx, induced bicarbonate secretion and suppressed chloride absorption in the ileum.	Chlorides	259-267	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	75-104
1575904-4	1992	The response to the perfused doses of 0.15 to 2.4 nmol.100 g-1.h-1 of VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) differed qualitatively and quantitatively in the 3 segments: VIP increased bicarbonate secretion and induced chloride secretion in the duodenum, induced chloride secretion in the jejunum without changing bicarbonate minimal influx, induced bicarbonate secretion and suppressed chloride absorption in the ileum.	Chlorides	259-267	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
1575904-4	1992	The response to the perfused doses of 0.15 to 2.4 nmol.100 g-1.h-1 of VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) differed qualitatively and quantitatively in the 3 segments: VIP increased bicarbonate secretion and induced chloride secretion in the duodenum, induced chloride secretion in the jejunum without changing bicarbonate minimal influx, induced bicarbonate secretion and suppressed chloride absorption in the ileum.	Chlorides	259-267	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	75-104
1722027-1	1991	Cystic fibrosis is associated with a defect in epithelial chloride ion transport which is caused by mutations in a membrane protein called CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator).	Chlorides	58-66	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	139-143
1722027-1	1991	Cystic fibrosis is associated with a defect in epithelial chloride ion transport which is caused by mutations in a membrane protein called CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator).	Chlorides	58-66	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	145-196
1722350-1	1991	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is associated with expression of a chloride conductance that is defective in cystic fibrosis (CF).	Chlorides	98-106	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	4-55
1722350-1	1991	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is associated with expression of a chloride conductance that is defective in cystic fibrosis (CF).	Chlorides	98-106	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	57-61
1722350-2	1991	Xenopus oocytes injected with RNA coding for CFTR that contained mutations in the first nucleotide binding fold (NBF1) expressed chloride currents in response to raising adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate (cAMP) with forskolin and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX).	Chlorides	129-137	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	45-49
1775529-8	1991	Furthermore, iodopsin has a unique chloride-binding site whose chloride ion serves for the red-shift of the absorption maximum of iodopsin.	Chlorides	35-43	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	13-21
1662917-0	1991	Ca2+ and cAMP activate different chloride efflux pathways in HT-29.cl19A colonic epithelial cell line.	Chlorides	33-41	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
1752967-2	1991	Injection of oocytes with rat liver poly(A)+RNA resulted in the functional expression of chloride-dependent sulfobromophthalein (BSP) uptake within 3-5 d. This expressed chloride-dependent BSP uptake system exhibited saturation kinetics (apparent Km approximately 6.2 microM) and efficiently extracted BSP from its binding sites on BSA.	Chlorides	89-97	integrin-binding sialoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
1752967-2	1991	Injection of oocytes with rat liver poly(A)+RNA resulted in the functional expression of chloride-dependent sulfobromophthalein (BSP) uptake within 3-5 d. This expressed chloride-dependent BSP uptake system exhibited saturation kinetics (apparent Km approximately 6.2 microM) and efficiently extracted BSP from its binding sites on BSA.	Chlorides	89-97	integrin-binding sialoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	189-192
1752967-2	1991	Injection of oocytes with rat liver poly(A)+RNA resulted in the functional expression of chloride-dependent sulfobromophthalein (BSP) uptake within 3-5 d. This expressed chloride-dependent BSP uptake system exhibited saturation kinetics (apparent Km approximately 6.2 microM) and efficiently extracted BSP from its binding sites on BSA.	Chlorides	89-97	integrin-binding sialoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	189-192
1752967-2	1991	Injection of oocytes with rat liver poly(A)+RNA resulted in the functional expression of chloride-dependent sulfobromophthalein (BSP) uptake within 3-5 d. This expressed chloride-dependent BSP uptake system exhibited saturation kinetics (apparent Km approximately 6.2 microM) and efficiently extracted BSP from its binding sites on BSA.	Chlorides	170-178	integrin-binding sialoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
1752967-2	1991	Injection of oocytes with rat liver poly(A)+RNA resulted in the functional expression of chloride-dependent sulfobromophthalein (BSP) uptake within 3-5 d. This expressed chloride-dependent BSP uptake system exhibited saturation kinetics (apparent Km approximately 6.2 microM) and efficiently extracted BSP from its binding sites on BSA.	Chlorides	170-178	integrin-binding sialoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	189-192
1752967-2	1991	Injection of oocytes with rat liver poly(A)+RNA resulted in the functional expression of chloride-dependent sulfobromophthalein (BSP) uptake within 3-5 d. This expressed chloride-dependent BSP uptake system exhibited saturation kinetics (apparent Km approximately 6.2 microM) and efficiently extracted BSP from its binding sites on BSA.	Chlorides	170-178	integrin-binding sialoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	189-192
1752967-3	1991	Furthermore, the chloride-activated portion of BSP uptake was inhibited by bilirubin (10 microM; inhibition 53%), 4,4"-diisothiocyano-2,2-disulfonic acid stilbene (DIDS, 100 microM; 80%), taurocholate (100 microM; 80%), and cholate (200 microM; 95%).	Chlorides	17-25	integrin-binding sialoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
1752967-13	1991	Size fractionation of total rat liver mRNA revealed that a 2.0- to 3.5-kb size-class mRNA was sufficient to express the hepatic chloride-dependent BSP uptake system.	Chlorides	128-136	integrin-binding sialoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	147-150
1822551-0	1991	Development of GABA-mediated, chloride-dependent inhibition in CA1 pyramidal neurones of immature rat hippocampal slices.	Chlorides	30-38	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
1775529-8	1991	Furthermore, iodopsin has a unique chloride-binding site whose chloride ion serves for the red-shift of the absorption maximum of iodopsin.	Chlorides	35-43	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	130-138
1775529-8	1991	Furthermore, iodopsin has a unique chloride-binding site whose chloride ion serves for the red-shift of the absorption maximum of iodopsin.	Chlorides	63-71	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	13-21
1775529-8	1991	Furthermore, iodopsin has a unique chloride-binding site whose chloride ion serves for the red-shift of the absorption maximum of iodopsin.	Chlorides	63-71	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	130-138
1723337-0	1991	Ethanol enhances GABAA receptor-activated chloride currents in chick cerebral cortical neurons.	Chlorides	42-50	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor gamma3 subunit	Gallus gallus	17-31
1656885-8	1991	Like mature MPO, recMPO has a peroxidatic activity and catalyzes the oxidation of chloride ions in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, producing hypochlorous acid as measured by the monochlorodimedon assay.	Chlorides	82-90	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	12-15
1951669-5	1991	The bradykinin-induced delta SCC was inhibited by piretanide, suggesting that a secretory movement of chloride was responsible for the change, and the effect was attenuated by an antagonist to kinin receptors.	Chlorides	102-110	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	4-14
1951669-6	1991	We conclude that both the production of true tissue kallikrein and the chloride secretory response to bradykinin can be regulated in T84 cells by changes in the cell environment.	Chlorides	71-79	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	102-112
1937665-0	1991	Role of chloride in angiotensin II-induced salt-sensitive hypertension.	Chlorides	8-16	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	20-34
1778982-0	1991	Substrate-selective activation of histidine-modified porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase by chloride ion.	Chlorides	89-97	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	61-85
1914098-4	1991	BNP infusion significantly increased urine volume (control, from 2.3 +/- 0.7 to 7.5 +/- 1.9 ml/min; CHF, from 0.8 +/- 0.2 to 5.3 +/- 1.0 ml/min; p less than 0.01, respectively), excretion of sodium (control, from 79.2 +/- 21.6 to 332.8 +/- 70.9 microEq/min; CHF, from 77.4 +/- 20.8 to 753.5 +/- 108.0 microEq/min; p less than 0.01, respectively), and excretion of chloride (control, from 72.5 +/- 18.4 to 256.0 +/- 43.3 microEq/min; CHF, from 74.0 +/- 19.6 to 708.8 +/- 103.3 microEq/min; p less than 0.01, respectively).	Chlorides	364-372	natriuretic peptide B	Homo sapiens	0-3
1914098-5	1991	Urinary excretion of sodium and of chloride in response to BNP infusion was higher in patients with CHF than in control subjects (p less than 0.01, respectively).	Chlorides	35-43	natriuretic peptide B	Homo sapiens	59-62
1660520-7	1991	The ACE activity in cells was confirmed by its strong dependence on chloride ion and its susceptibility to inhibition by captopril (100 nmol/l).	Chlorides	68-76	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
1928383-1	1991	An unidentified atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-like substance is the principal hormone regulating NaCl secretion in the shark rectal gland, an epithelial model tissue for hormone-sensitive secondary active chloride transport.	Chlorides	208-216	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	44-47
1778982-2	1991	By the modification of histidine residues of porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase with diethylpyrocarbonate (DEP), both amylase and maltosidase activities were decreased in the absence of chloride ion.	Chlorides	184-192	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	53-77
1894615-2	1991	We found that this recovery is mediated by sodium-independent bicarbonate/chloride exchange: intracellular pH (pHi) recovery from alkaline load is inhibited by the anion exchange inhibitor 4,4"-diisothiocyanostilbene disulfonic acid, lack of bicarbonate, or lack of chloride.	Chlorides	74-82	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	111-114
1894615-2	1991	We found that this recovery is mediated by sodium-independent bicarbonate/chloride exchange: intracellular pH (pHi) recovery from alkaline load is inhibited by the anion exchange inhibitor 4,4"-diisothiocyanostilbene disulfonic acid, lack of bicarbonate, or lack of chloride.	Chlorides	266-274	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	111-114
1894615-3	1991	The dependence of the pHi recovery on extracellular chloride concentration exhibits Michaelis-Menten kinetics.	Chlorides	52-60	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	22-25
1894615-8	1991	This bicarbonate/chloride exchanger appears to be the sole pHi-regulatory mechanism in the two-cell stage mouse embryo, since our previous results have shown that there are apparently no specific mechanisms active in these cells for relieving acid loads.	Chlorides	17-25	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	59-62
1653529-5	1991	Pretreatment with 10 microM 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid, a cyclo- and lipoxygenase inhibitor, prevented AA-induced chloride secretion and PG and cAMP synthesis with the same strength as the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin.	Chlorides	119-127	polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15	Oryctolagus cuniculus	63-86
2065906-6	1991	Neuropeptide Y significantly increased net absorption of water, sodium, potassium, and chloride under basal conditions.	Chlorides	87-95	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	0-14
1654511-0	1991	Activation of a heart chloride current during stimulation of protein kinase C.	Chlorides	22-30	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	61-77
1911837-5	1991	In contrast, Cl- interaction with AE1 studied by 35Cl-NMR showed a chloride concentration-dependent line-broadening with a KD of 74 +/- 10 mM, indicating that AE1 has a higher affinity for nitrate than for chloride.	Chlorides	67-75	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	34-37
1911837-5	1991	In contrast, Cl- interaction with AE1 studied by 35Cl-NMR showed a chloride concentration-dependent line-broadening with a KD of 74 +/- 10 mM, indicating that AE1 has a higher affinity for nitrate than for chloride.	Chlorides	67-75	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	159-162
1911837-5	1991	In contrast, Cl- interaction with AE1 studied by 35Cl-NMR showed a chloride concentration-dependent line-broadening with a KD of 74 +/- 10 mM, indicating that AE1 has a higher affinity for nitrate than for chloride.	Chlorides	206-214	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	34-37
1911837-5	1991	In contrast, Cl- interaction with AE1 studied by 35Cl-NMR showed a chloride concentration-dependent line-broadening with a KD of 74 +/- 10 mM, indicating that AE1 has a higher affinity for nitrate than for chloride.	Chlorides	206-214	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	159-162
1911837-6	1991	Bicarbonate and chloride were found to be competitive inhibitors of the AE1 specific 14NO3- line-broadening (94 +/- 6% and 101 +/- 3% inhibition, respectively).	Chlorides	16-24	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	72-75
1911837-9	1991	The 14N-NMR nitrate binding assay, along with the 35Cl-NMR binding assay now in use, will provide a powerful tool for studying the structure of the AE1 binding site for both physiologic substrates, bicarbonate and chloride.	Chlorides	214-222	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	148-151
1715308-1	1991	Three mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene were discovered in a pancreas-insufficient patient with cystic fibrosis (CF) who displayed an uncommon combination of almost normal chloride concentration in sweat tests and typical symptoms of gastrointestinal and pulmonary disease.	Chlorides	219-227	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	23-74
1715567-0	1991	cAMP-inducible chloride conductance in mouse fibroblast lines stably expressing the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.	Chlorides	15-23	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	90-141
1715567-1	1991	A cAMP-inducible chloride permeability has been detected in mouse fibroblast (L cell) lines upon stable integration of a full-length cDNA encoding the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Chlorides	17-25	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	157-208
1715567-1	1991	A cAMP-inducible chloride permeability has been detected in mouse fibroblast (L cell) lines upon stable integration of a full-length cDNA encoding the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Chlorides	17-25	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	210-214
1651113-5	1991	Chloride uptake was inhibited by both NPPB and IAA94/95 with apparent IC50 values of around 10 microM under optimal conditions (i.e., 4 min uptake at 4 degrees C).	Chlorides	0-8	natriuretic peptides B	Oryctolagus cuniculus	38-42
1715308-1	1991	Three mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene were discovered in a pancreas-insufficient patient with cystic fibrosis (CF) who displayed an uncommon combination of almost normal chloride concentration in sweat tests and typical symptoms of gastrointestinal and pulmonary disease.	Chlorides	219-227	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	76-80
1650217-4	1991	Chloride stimulated the oxidation of NADH in the MPO-H2O2 system in a concentration-dependent manner (50-fold at 150 mM NaCl).	Chlorides	0-8	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	49-52
1713921-1	1991	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by an abnormality in cAMP-regulated chloride transport that results from a primary defect in the protein product of the CF gene, the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Chlorides	74-82	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	171-209
1713921-1	1991	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by an abnormality in cAMP-regulated chloride transport that results from a primary defect in the protein product of the CF gene, the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Chlorides	74-82	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	211-215
1944612-1	1991	Replacement of extracellular chloride ions by thiocyanate anions (SCN-) followed by washout in normal chloride-containing solution produced contractions in isolated rat aortas and portal veins of female rats followed by slow relaxation; these contractions consisted of fast and slow phases.	Chlorides	29-37	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
1769369-1	1991	Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is known to cause chloride secretion in the small and large intestine in vitro.	Chlorides	51-59	PCNA clamp associated factor	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
1769369-5	1991	The response to 0.2 microM PAF was inhibited by 92% when chloride ion in the bathing solution was replaced.	Chlorides	57-65	PCNA clamp associated factor	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
1876234-1	1991	The effect of chronic (35 days) and selective sodium or chloride depletion on the regulation of angiotensin II receptors in the anterior pituitary gland of young male rats was studied by quantitative autoradiography.	Chlorides	56-64	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	96-110
1723103-3	1991	Two types of chloride conductance were defined, a large conductance (150 pS; iCl,N) channel with complex kinetics and multiple substates, and a second smaller conductance (58 pS;ICln) channel sensitive to block by ATP.	Chlorides	13-21	chloride nucleotide-sensitive channel 1A	Rattus norvegicus	178-182
1712984-3	1991	The sequence of anion selectivity of cAMP-regulated channels in cells containing either endogenous or recombinant CFTR was bromide greater than chloride greater than iodide greater than fluoride.	Chlorides	144-152	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	114-118
1712985-3	1991	CFTR in which the R domain was deleted (CFTR delta R) conducted chloride independently of the presence of cAMP.	Chlorides	64-72	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
1712985-3	1991	CFTR in which the R domain was deleted (CFTR delta R) conducted chloride independently of the presence of cAMP.	Chlorides	64-72	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	40-44
1712985-4	1991	However, sites within CFTR other than those deleted also respond to cAMP, because the chloride current of CFTR delta R increased further in response to cAMP stimulation.	Chlorides	86-94	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	22-26
1712985-4	1991	However, sites within CFTR other than those deleted also respond to cAMP, because the chloride current of CFTR delta R increased further in response to cAMP stimulation.	Chlorides	86-94	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	106-110
1873017-0	1991	Importance of chloride in the development of salt-induced angiotensin II hypertension in rats.	Chlorides	14-22	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	58-72
1873017-4	1991	Thus, the data suggest that the full expression of salt (NaCl) sensitivity in AII hypertension depends on high dietary intake of both sodium and chloride.	Chlorides	145-153	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
1876234-0	1991	Chronic sodium or chloride depletion upregulates angiotensin II receptors in the anterior pituitary lobe of young rats.	Chlorides	18-26	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	49-63
1876234-2	1991	Both chronic sodium or chloride depletion produced significant extracellular fluid volume contraction, stimulation of the circulating renin-angiotensin system and increased the number of angiotensin II receptors in the anterior pituitary gland.	Chlorides	23-31	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	187-201
1876234-3	1991	Changes in angiotensin II receptors in both sodium- and chloride-depleted animals were associated with increased plasma prolactin levels.	Chlorides	56-64	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	11-25
1653945-1	1991	The PKC activator, 4-beta-phorbol-12,13 dibutyrate (4-beta-PDB), (2-90 nM) blocked up to 67% chloride conductance (GCl) in rat skeletal muscle fibres and induced myotonic hyperexcitability.	Chlorides	93-101	germ cell-less 1, spermatogenesis associated	Rattus norvegicus	115-118
1876234-3	1991	Changes in angiotensin II receptors in both sodium- and chloride-depleted animals were associated with increased plasma prolactin levels.	Chlorides	56-64	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	120-129
1925114-7	1991	In contrast, submucosal TNF did not alter PD, SCC or G. These findings indicate that TNF attenuates beta agonist-evoked increases in chloride secretion across airway epithelium.	Chlorides	133-141	tumor necrosis factor	Canis lupus familiaris	85-88
1851160-5	1991	Moreover, both domains have an absolute zinc requirement for activity, are activated by chloride and are sensitive to competitive ACE inhibitors, and appear to function independently.	Chlorides	88-96	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	130-133
2061847-12	1991	By contrast, in the presence of bicarbonate, omission of chloride caused an increase in pHi but no change in 36Cl- efflux.	Chlorides	57-65	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
1852106-0	1991	Atriopeptin stimulates chloride secretion in cultured shark rectal gland cells.	Chlorides	23-31	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	0-11
1712042-15	1991	It is suggested that chloride current activation by GTP gamma S in bovine chromaffin cells involves G protein-mediated stimulation of phospholipase A2 activity and subsequent formation of lipoxygenase product(s) of arachidonic acid metabolism.	Chlorides	21-29	LOC104974671	Bos taurus	134-150
2022722-0	1991	Role of chloride and intracellular pH on the activity of the rat hepatocyte organic anion transporter.	Chlorides	8-16	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3	Rattus norvegicus	76-101
2061847-2	1991	The role of chloride and bicarbonate in the control of intracellular pH (pHi) was assessed in segments of rat mesenteric resistance arteries (internal diameter about 200 microns) by measurements of chloride efflux with 36Cl-, of pHi with the pH-sensitive dye 2",7"-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5 (and-6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) and of membrane potential with intracellular electrodes.	Chlorides	12-20	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
1882231-6	1991	In the case of tap water, the observed ranges for salinity, chloride and sodium were 0.7-1.5 ppt, and 280-750 and 140-400 mg l-1, respectively.	Chlorides	60-68	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	15-18
1708205-9	1991	Because an increase in osmotic strength of the culture media reduced forskolin-stimulated ACTH secretion, these data suggest that DPC and related compounds may negatively modulate chloride-dependent osmotically driven ACTH secretion from AtT-20 cells.	Chlorides	180-188	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	218-222
1647853-3	1991	Chloride secretion (measured as 125I efflux from isotope-preloaded cells) was stimulated in a concentration-dependent manner by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) (EC50 = 1.5 x 10(-10) M) which similarly increased cAMP synthesis (EC50 = 1.6 x 10(-8) M).	Chlorides	0-8	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	128-161
1708204-0	1991	CaMKII mediates stimulation of chloride conductance by calcium in T84 cells.	Chlorides	31-39	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	0-6
1647853-3	1991	Chloride secretion (measured as 125I efflux from isotope-preloaded cells) was stimulated in a concentration-dependent manner by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) (EC50 = 1.5 x 10(-10) M) which similarly increased cAMP synthesis (EC50 = 1.6 x 10(-8) M).	Chlorides	0-8	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	163-166
1848276-12	1991	Function of the GABAA receptor in chloride uptake in cortex was markedly reduced (65%) by EEDQ.	Chlorides	34-42	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	16-21
2059912-0	1991	Effect of chloride on renal blood flow in angiotensin II induced hypertension.	Chlorides	10-18	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	42-56
2059912-5	1991	Animals on a high sodium, high chloride diet had a significantly greater increase of blood pressure at 8, 15, 18, and 22 days of AII infusion compared with AII-treated animals on a low sodium, low chloride diet (p less than 0.05).	Chlorides	31-39	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
2059912-6	1991	Selective dietary loading of either high sodium or chloride in AII-treated rats produced no greater elevation of blood pressure than AII with the low sodium, low chloride diet.	Chlorides	51-59	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
2059912-7	1991	Selective high dietary chloride was associated with a lower RBF in AII- and vehicle-treated rats compared with low dietary chloride.	Chlorides	23-31	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
2059912-8	1991	The chloride effect on RBF was greater in AII-treated animals.	Chlorides	4-12	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
2059912-10	1991	AII enhances the decreased RBF induced by dietary chloride.	Chlorides	50-58	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
1705906-5	1991	The excitatory junction potential potentiated by substance P receptor antagonism was associated with a decrease in membrane resistance, increased in amplitude with conditioning hyperpolarizations to the estimated equilibrium potential for K+, and was blocked by the Cl-/HCO3- exchange inhibitor DIDS or prolonged perfusion with low-chloride solution.	Chlorides	332-340	substance-P receptor	Cavia porcellus	49-69
2029728-13	1991	Plasma vasopressin levels were high in animals subjected to dietary chloride depletion or to 3 weeks of potassium depletion.	Chlorides	68-76	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	7-18
2029728-16	1991	Our results show that chronic sodium, chloride, or potassium depletion differentially affect brain vasopressin mRNA and vasopressin release in young rats.	Chlorides	38-46	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	99-110
2029728-16	1991	Our results show that chronic sodium, chloride, or potassium depletion differentially affect brain vasopressin mRNA and vasopressin release in young rats.	Chlorides	38-46	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	120-131
1647705-4	1991	Ethanol increased the chloride conductance produced by the GABAA agonists muscimol, isoguvacine, imidazolacetic acid and amino-propane sulfonic acid and this action of ethanol was blocked by phaclofen.	Chlorides	22-30	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	59-64
1647705-5	1991	The specific GABAA antagonist, bicuculline, blocked ethanol-induced increase in chloride flux in the presence of either baclofen or GABA.	Chlorides	80-88	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	13-18
1825860-0	1991	Interferon gamma-mediated renal MHC expression in mercuric chloride-induced glomerulonephritis.	Chlorides	59-67	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	0-16
1704151-0	1991	Generation of cAMP-activated chloride currents by expression of CFTR.	Chlorides	29-37	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cricetulus griseus	64-68
1704151-3	1991	Adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate (cAMP) increased anion permeability and chloride currents in cells expressing CFTR, but not in cells expressing a mutant CFTR (delta F508) or in nontransfected cells.	Chlorides	70-78	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cricetulus griseus	108-112
1846732-7	1991	All changes observed with the myeloperoxidase system were inhibited by azide or methionine, and were dependent upon the presence of chloride, indicating that they are mediated by HOCl.	Chlorides	132-140	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	30-45
1668266-7	1991	The catalytic activity of recombinant angiotensin-converting enzyme, in terms of angiotensin I and 2-furanacryloyl-Phe-Gly-Gly hydrolysis, chloride activation, and lisinopril inhibition, was essentially identical to that of the native enzyme.	Chlorides	139-147	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Cricetulus griseus	38-67
1847488-7	1991	Electrophysiological studies in cultured primary cortical neurons demonstrated that IL-1 enhanced the GABA-mediated increase in chloride permeability, whereas IL-1 alone produced no alterations in resting conductance.	Chlorides	128-136	interleukin 1 complex	Mus musculus	84-88
1836418-4	1991	Voltage clamp studies reveal that GH-RH potentiates calcium inward currents and a calcium-dependent chloride current; transient outward current is diminished.	Chlorides	100-108	growth hormone releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	34-39
1923547-1	1991	Some experimental data from animals suggest that prolactin (PROL) is involved in sweat production and modulates the chloride concentration of sweat.	Chlorides	116-124	prolactin	Homo sapiens	49-58
1923547-1	1991	Some experimental data from animals suggest that prolactin (PROL) is involved in sweat production and modulates the chloride concentration of sweat.	Chlorides	116-124	prolactin	Homo sapiens	60-64
2266557-2	1990	The amidase activity of human alpha-thrombin has been studied in the pH range 5.5 to 10, and at four different chloride concentrations from 5 mM to 1 M. The Michaelis-Menten constant, Km, shows a bell-shaped dependence over the pH range studied, with a minimum around pH 8.	Chlorides	111-119	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	36-44
2172341-1	1990	Neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) adsorbs to bacteria as a pre-requisite for killing by the MPO/hydrogen-peroxide/chloride system.	Chlorides	113-121	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	11-26
2269272-3	1990	The low affinity of Hb SM depends on environmental conditions: eliminating chloride or raising the pH greatly elevated the ratio of p50 of Hb SM to that of Hb A.	Chlorides	75-83	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	132-135
2146863-2	1990	Compared with the placebo, ANF induced an increase in urine volume (p less than 0.05), sodium excretion (p less than 0.05), and chloride excretion (p less than 0.05).	Chlorides	128-136	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	27-30
2240195-1	1990	In human red blood cells, when chloride was replaced isosmotically with a permeant chaotropic anion of the lyotropic series (NO3, I, or SCN), an immediate and significant loss of cell water was observed.	Chlorides	31-39	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	125-128
2240195-9	1990	When chloride was replaced by a chaotropic anion, the isoelectric point at 24 degrees C shifted to a lower pHo: NO3 (6.38), I (5.98), and SCN (5.70).	Chlorides	5-13	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	112-115
2100194-8	1990	Chloride currents recover toward basal values more rapidly than [Ca2+]i after the agonist-induced [Ca2+]i transient, and, during a sustained neurotensin-induced [Ca2+]i rise, Cl- currents inactivate.	Chlorides	0-8	neurotensin	Homo sapiens	141-152
2172341-1	1990	Neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) adsorbs to bacteria as a pre-requisite for killing by the MPO/hydrogen-peroxide/chloride system.	Chlorides	113-121	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	28-31
2172341-1	1990	Neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) adsorbs to bacteria as a pre-requisite for killing by the MPO/hydrogen-peroxide/chloride system.	Chlorides	113-121	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	91-94
2165360-1	1990	Inhibition of angiotensin II activity reduces reabsorption of both bicarbonate and chloride predominantly in the S1 subsegment of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT).	Chlorides	83-91	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	14-28
1698126-2	1990	Amphotropic retroviruses were used to transduce a functional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) cDNA into CFPAC-1, a pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line derived from a patient with CF that stably expresses the chloride transport abnormalities characteristic of CF.	Chlorides	234-242	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	61-112
1698126-2	1990	Amphotropic retroviruses were used to transduce a functional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) cDNA into CFPAC-1, a pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line derived from a patient with CF that stably expresses the chloride transport abnormalities characteristic of CF.	Chlorides	234-242	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	114-118
1975955-3	1990	The transporter encoded by GAT-1 has a high affinity for GABA, is sodium-and chloride-dependent, and is pharmacologically similar to neuronal GABA transporters.	Chlorides	77-85	solute carrier family 6 member 12	Rattus norvegicus	27-32
2200526-8	1990	These complexes can be reactivated via reduced thioredoxin and reduced glutathione, respectively, by a beta-elimination reaction yielding [14C]ethylene and chloride ions as reaction products.	Chlorides	156-164	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	47-58
2222433-7	1990	The hypothesis that TTP is the activator of a particular chloride uptake mechanism is discussed.	Chlorides	57-65	alpha tocopherol transfer protein	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
2396670-0	1990	Epidermal growth factor accelerates renal repair in mercuric chloride nephrotoxicity.	Chlorides	61-69	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-23
2231430-2	1990	Recordings were made in vitro from chloride-loaded CA1 rat hippocampal pyramidal neurones in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) to examine miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs).	Chlorides	35-43	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
2224895-5	1990	With two 3-methoxybenzyl substituents (at O-3 and O-5, compound 6), intramolecular alkylation of the benzyl group at O-3 or O-5 occurred when glycoside 6 was reacted with titanium(IV) chloride or tin(IV) chloride, respectively, thereby leading to novel bicyclic internal aryl C-glycosides (9 and 12) as major products ("long-range participation").	Chlorides	182-192	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-38 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	42-53
2224895-5	1990	With two 3-methoxybenzyl substituents (at O-3 and O-5, compound 6), intramolecular alkylation of the benzyl group at O-3 or O-5 occurred when glycoside 6 was reacted with titanium(IV) chloride or tin(IV) chloride, respectively, thereby leading to novel bicyclic internal aryl C-glycosides (9 and 12) as major products ("long-range participation").	Chlorides	182-192	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-36 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	101-127
2224895-5	1990	With two 3-methoxybenzyl substituents (at O-3 and O-5, compound 6), intramolecular alkylation of the benzyl group at O-3 or O-5 occurred when glycoside 6 was reacted with titanium(IV) chloride or tin(IV) chloride, respectively, thereby leading to novel bicyclic internal aryl C-glycosides (9 and 12) as major products ("long-range participation").	Chlorides	202-212	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-38 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	42-53
2224895-5	1990	With two 3-methoxybenzyl substituents (at O-3 and O-5, compound 6), intramolecular alkylation of the benzyl group at O-3 or O-5 occurred when glycoside 6 was reacted with titanium(IV) chloride or tin(IV) chloride, respectively, thereby leading to novel bicyclic internal aryl C-glycosides (9 and 12) as major products ("long-range participation").	Chlorides	202-212	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-36 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	101-127
1979036-3	1990	Stimulation of beta 1-adrenergic receptor with isoproterenol and beta 2-adrenergic antagonist ICI 118.551 inhibited the fractional reabsorption of sodium, chloride and magnesium, the fluid reabsorption being changed insignificantly.	Chlorides	155-163	adrenoceptor beta 1	Homo sapiens	15-41
1698247-1	1990	The involvement of sodium and chloride ions in the process of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (a-MSH) release from hypothalamic neurons was investigated using perifused rat hypothalamic slices.	Chlorides	30-38	proopiomelanocortin	Rattus norvegicus	62-98
2394086-15	1990	This fact, in the presence of high levels of angiotensin II, induced a reduction of the glomerular filtration rate thus contributing to renal ability to retain chloride and potassium.	Chlorides	160-168	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	45-59
1979036-3	1990	Stimulation of beta 1-adrenergic receptor with isoproterenol and beta 2-adrenergic antagonist ICI 118.551 inhibited the fractional reabsorption of sodium, chloride and magnesium, the fluid reabsorption being changed insignificantly.	Chlorides	155-163	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	65-71
2371270-3	1990	Expression of a full-length mouse AE2 cDNA in COS-7 cells resulted in chloride- and bicarbonate-dependent alterations in intracellular pH, demonstrating that AE2 is a Cl/HCO3 exchanger.	Chlorides	70-78	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	34-37
2371270-3	1990	Expression of a full-length mouse AE2 cDNA in COS-7 cells resulted in chloride- and bicarbonate-dependent alterations in intracellular pH, demonstrating that AE2 is a Cl/HCO3 exchanger.	Chlorides	70-78	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	158-161
2383562-2	1990	When chloride in the extract was depleted by extensive dialysis, chloride-depleted iodopsin (absorption maximum, 512 nm) was formed.	Chlorides	5-13	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	83-91
2383562-3	1990	It was converted to chloride-bound iodopsin (absorption maximum, 562 nm) by the addition of chloride in the extract.	Chlorides	20-28	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	35-43
2383562-0	1990	Effects of chloride on chicken iodopsin and the chromophore transfer reactions from iodopsin to scotopsin and B-photopsin.	Chlorides	11-19	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	31-39
2383562-0	1990	Effects of chloride on chicken iodopsin and the chromophore transfer reactions from iodopsin to scotopsin and B-photopsin.	Chlorides	11-19	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	84-92
2383562-3	1990	It was converted to chloride-bound iodopsin (absorption maximum, 562 nm) by the addition of chloride in the extract.	Chlorides	92-100	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	35-43
2383562-1	1990	Spectroscopic properties of chicken iodopsin were investigated in correlation with the concentration of chloride in digitonin extracts.	Chlorides	104-112	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	36-44
2383562-4	1990	There existed an equilibrium between two forms of iodopsin with a dissociation constant of 0.8 mM chloride.	Chlorides	98-106	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	50-58
2383562-5	1990	The chromophore-transfer reaction from iodopsin to scotopsin or B-photopsin, the protein moiety of chicken rhodopsin or chicken blue-sensitive cone pigment, respectively, in digitonin extract was also investigated in correlation with the concentrations of chloride, other monovalent and divalent anions, and detergent.	Chlorides	256-264	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	39-47
2383562-6	1990	The chromophore of chloride-depleted iodopsin was easily transferred to scotopsin in the extract, resulting in formation of rhodopsin.	Chlorides	19-27	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	37-45
2383562-6	1990	The chromophore of chloride-depleted iodopsin was easily transferred to scotopsin in the extract, resulting in formation of rhodopsin.	Chlorides	19-27	rhodopsin	Gallus gallus	124-133
2383562-7	1990	On the other hand, chloride-bound iodopsin was fairly stable even in the presence of scotopsin, indicating that the reaction is inhibited by binding of chloride to iodopsin.	Chlorides	19-27	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	34-42
2383562-7	1990	On the other hand, chloride-bound iodopsin was fairly stable even in the presence of scotopsin, indicating that the reaction is inhibited by binding of chloride to iodopsin.	Chlorides	19-27	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	164-172
2383562-7	1990	On the other hand, chloride-bound iodopsin was fairly stable even in the presence of scotopsin, indicating that the reaction is inhibited by binding of chloride to iodopsin.	Chlorides	152-160	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	34-42
2383562-7	1990	On the other hand, chloride-bound iodopsin was fairly stable even in the presence of scotopsin, indicating that the reaction is inhibited by binding of chloride to iodopsin.	Chlorides	152-160	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	164-172
2383562-8	1990	The chromophore-transfer reaction to B-photopsin was also observed from chloride-depleted iodopsin but not from chloride-bound iodopsin.	Chlorides	72-80	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	90-98
2383562-11	1990	All these facts suggest that the chloride binding site of iodopsin does not accept a divalent anion such as SO4(2+), but does accept a monovalent anion such as Cl- or NO3-, which causes inhibition of the chromophore transfer.	Chlorides	33-41	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	58-66
1972871-0	1990	Somatostatin mediates bombesin inhibition of chloride secretion by rectal gland.	Chlorides	45-53	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	0-12
2162561-3	1990	Two independent techniques were used to assess the macroscopic chloride permeability (PCl) of freshly isolated B lymphocytes and of B and T lymphocyte cell lines.	Chlorides	63-71	PHD finger protein 1	Homo sapiens	86-89
1972871-0	1990	Somatostatin mediates bombesin inhibition of chloride secretion by rectal gland.	Chlorides	45-53	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	22-30
1972871-4	1990	When added to glands stimulated by a constant infusion of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), bombesin (8 x 10(-7) M) reversibly inhibited chloride secretion by 56 +/- 9.7% and at the same time evoked a 10-fold increase in the liberation of somatostatin into the venous effluent.	Chlorides	140-148	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	89-92
1972871-4	1990	When added to glands stimulated by a constant infusion of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), bombesin (8 x 10(-7) M) reversibly inhibited chloride secretion by 56 +/- 9.7% and at the same time evoked a 10-fold increase in the liberation of somatostatin into the venous effluent.	Chlorides	140-148	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	95-103
1972871-6	1990	The effect of bombesin to reduce chloride secretion was completely prevented by the calcium channel blocker nifedipine, which inhibits neurotransmitter release.	Chlorides	33-41	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	14-22
1972871-7	1990	These results suggest that bombesin inhibits the effect of VIP to stimulate chloride secretion by releasing somatostatin from neurosecretory nerve terminals within the rectal gland.	Chlorides	76-84	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	27-35
1972871-7	1990	These results suggest that bombesin inhibits the effect of VIP to stimulate chloride secretion by releasing somatostatin from neurosecretory nerve terminals within the rectal gland.	Chlorides	76-84	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	59-62
2186635-1	1990	Inhibition of plasma renin activity (PRA) by saline has been shown to be related to a specific effect of chloride.	Chlorides	105-113	renin	Rattus norvegicus	21-26
1972871-7	1990	These results suggest that bombesin inhibits the effect of VIP to stimulate chloride secretion by releasing somatostatin from neurosecretory nerve terminals within the rectal gland.	Chlorides	76-84	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	108-120
1972336-10	1990	At this temperature, even weak chaotropic anions (fluoride, chloride and nitrate), while in combination with non-ionic detergents that solubilized mosquito AChE efficiently, reduced the enzyme activity of these fractions.	Chlorides	60-68	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	156-160
2213591-15	1990	This observation suggests that in cultured Purkinje cells the sodium-hydrogen exchanger could be activated through a protein kinase C pathway only when pHi is maintained at a low physiological value by the activity of the chloride-bicarbonate exchange.	Chlorides	222-230	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	152-155
2165430-9	1990	Taken together, our results indicate that the rapid and transient stimulation of alpha-MSH release induced by GABA can be accounted for by activation of a chloride conductance which causes membrane depolarization.	Chlorides	155-163	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	81-90
2186635-2	1990	The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that inhibition of renin release by selective chloride infusion in the rat is related to increased chloride transport in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (TALH).	Chlorides	99-107	renin	Rattus norvegicus	72-77
2186635-2	1990	The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that inhibition of renin release by selective chloride infusion in the rat is related to increased chloride transport in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (TALH).	Chlorides	152-160	renin	Rattus norvegicus	72-77
2166273-8	1990	Moreover, at physiological initial pHi values, chloride removal from the apical solution caused the pHi to increase in the presence of bicarbonate.	Chlorides	47-55	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	35-38
2166273-8	1990	Moreover, at physiological initial pHi values, chloride removal from the apical solution caused the pHi to increase in the presence of bicarbonate.	Chlorides	47-55	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	100-103
2166273-9	1990	In acidified cultured DCTb cells, a partial pHi recovery was induced in sodium-free media by 15 mM HCO(-3) in the presence of an outward chloride gradient.	Chlorides	137-145	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	44-47
2158020-4	1990	From these findings and the known pharmacological actions of VIP it is concluded that a major role of VIP released from sympathetic nerves in the skin is to regulate chloride reabsorption from the primary sweat at the ductal segment.	Chlorides	166-174	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	102-105
2331021-6	1990	In the adrenal gland, chloride depletion decreased angiotensin II receptors in the medulla and zona glomerulosa.	Chlorides	22-30	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	51-65
2331021-8	1990	In the kidney glomeruli and medulla, angiotensin II receptors were decreased by either sodium or chloride depletion.	Chlorides	97-105	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	37-51
2331021-9	1990	These results suggest different roles for sodium and chloride in the regulation of the peripheral and central renin-angiotensin system in young rats.	Chlorides	53-61	renin	Rattus norvegicus	110-115
2110452-7	1990	Whereas VIP is reported to stimulate chloride secretion more strongly than carbachol, it was less effective than carbachol in stimulating mucin secretion.	Chlorides	37-45	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	8-11
2331021-0	1990	Different effects of sodium or chloride depletion on angiotensin II receptors in rats.	Chlorides	31-39	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	53-67
2331021-2	1990	Chloride depletion produced the most significant increase in plasma renin activity and extracellular fluid volume contraction.	Chlorides	0-8	renin	Rattus norvegicus	68-73
2331021-3	1990	In the brain, subfornical organ angiotensin II receptor concentration was decreased by sodium depletion and increased by chloride depletion.	Chlorides	121-129	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	32-46
2155024-13	1990	In the presence of 5-aminosalicylic acid during the time interval in which the myeloperoxidase activity remained constant, a Km for H2O2 at pH 7.2 was determined of about 30 microM at 200 mM chloride.	Chlorides	191-199	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	79-94
2319462-9	1990	Thus, albumin in renal tubule fluid attenuates the effect of furosemide on loop segment chloride reabsorption in the rat.	Chlorides	88-96	albumin	Rattus norvegicus	6-13
2319462-4	1990	After addition of albumin to furosemide perfusate, fractional loop chloride reabsorption was 45 +/- 1%; a value greater (P less than .01) than that observed in furosemide perfused loop segments, but less (P less than .05) than that observed in control loop segments.	Chlorides	67-75	albumin	Rattus norvegicus	18-25
1689244-4	1990	This increase in UCP is accompanied by parallel increases in the GDP-binding capacity, GDP-sensitive permeabilities to protons and chloride ions and GDP-inhibitable respiration.	Chlorides	131-139	uncoupling protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
2106320-5	1990	The activities of both enzymes were increased by the presence of sulfate ion, but chloride ion decreased the activity of aldose reductase.	Chlorides	82-90	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B3 (aldose reductase)	Mus musculus	121-137
2334712-16	1990	The influence of L35 and L345 and that of organic phosphates on the oxygen affinity are additive, but they compete with chloride.	Chlorides	120-128	ribosomal protein L35	Homo sapiens	17-20
1977411-3	1990	Somatostatin also induced a significant increase in sodium concentration and a decrease in chloride concentration in the gastric juice.	Chlorides	91-99	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	0-12
2157659-7	1990	Addition of H2O2 and chloride to MPO and C1q led to a complete inactivation of C1q, which could not be induced by H2O2 alone.	Chlorides	21-29	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	33-36
2157659-7	1990	Addition of H2O2 and chloride to MPO and C1q led to a complete inactivation of C1q, which could not be induced by H2O2 alone.	Chlorides	21-29	complement C1q A chain	Homo sapiens	41-44
2157659-7	1990	Addition of H2O2 and chloride to MPO and C1q led to a complete inactivation of C1q, which could not be induced by H2O2 alone.	Chlorides	21-29	complement C1q A chain	Homo sapiens	79-82
2157659-8	1990	The hypochlorite, which is known to be generated during the reaction of MPO with H2O2 and chloride, exhibited a similar inactivating effect on C1q, which was prevented by an external source of methionine.	Chlorides	90-98	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	72-75
2157659-8	1990	The hypochlorite, which is known to be generated during the reaction of MPO with H2O2 and chloride, exhibited a similar inactivating effect on C1q, which was prevented by an external source of methionine.	Chlorides	90-98	complement C1q A chain	Homo sapiens	143-146
2154520-8	1990	MPO catalyzes the oxidation of chloride to hypochlorus acid (HOCl), which also oxidized TMB, but chloride up to 20 mM had little effect on the assay.	Chlorides	31-39	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-3
2158065-6	1990	Histamine, bradykinin and isoproterenol transiently increased the intracellular calcium level and caused a parallel increase of the transcellular chloride current in both normal and CF cells.	Chlorides	146-154	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	11-21
1981635-23	1990	The concentration of chloride increased following VIP infusion, but decreased following somatostatin.	Chlorides	21-29	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	50-53
2178630-2	1990	Newer ideas focus on the neuronal synapse and suggest that ethanol can allosterically change protein conformation, as is suggested by studies on GABA-receptor-mediated chloride uptake and on (Na(+)-K+)-ATPase.	Chlorides	168-176	GABA type A receptor-associated protein	Homo sapiens	145-158
1978256-8	1990	The enzyme is a metallo- and thiol-dependent and chloride-activated, low-molecular weight aminopeptidase.	Chlorides	49-57	carboxypeptidase Q	Homo sapiens	90-104
2084451-0	1990	[Milk chloride level as an indicator of bovine mastitis].	Chlorides	6-14	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	1-5
2084451-1	1990	The aim of this study was to determine an influence of udder infection on milk chloride level and on milk productivity of cows of black and white race.	Chlorides	79-87	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	74-78
2084451-4	1990	Milk chloride level was determined by burette method in 1250 milk samples collected from entire udder.	Chlorides	5-13	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
2084451-4	1990	Milk chloride level was determined by burette method in 1250 milk samples collected from entire udder.	Chlorides	5-13	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	61-65
33765585-5	2021	The silence of ClC-3 expression by siRNA in A2780/PTX cells partly recovered the PTX sensitivity through restored the G2/M arrest and resumed the chloride channel blocked.	Chlorides	146-154	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	15-20
2377564-3	1990	This case is interesting because after adequate rehydration and normalization of electrolytes we registered a remarkable fall of plasmatic sodium and chloride as a result of hemodilution probably due to a syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, confirmed by values of plasmatic and urinary osmolarity and of urinary electrolytes.	Chlorides	150-158	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	244-264
33590434-4	2021	Mutation of this conserved glutamate uncouples chloride transport from proton antiport by ClC-6.	Chlorides	47-55	chloride voltage-gated channel 6	Homo sapiens	90-95
33806154-5	2021	The latter mainly involves CFTR, the apical chloride/bicarbonate exchanger pendrin and paracellular transport.	Chlorides	44-52	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	75-82
33772626-8	2021	Saline inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero cells; possible interactions involve the viral ACE2-entry mechanism (chloride-dependent ACE2 configuration), furin and 3CLpro (inhibition by NaCl), and the sodium channel ENaC.	Chlorides	116-124	angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Chlorocebus sabaeus	94-98
33772626-8	2021	Saline inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero cells; possible interactions involve the viral ACE2-entry mechanism (chloride-dependent ACE2 configuration), furin and 3CLpro (inhibition by NaCl), and the sodium channel ENaC.	Chlorides	116-124	angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Chlorocebus sabaeus	135-139
33801010-0	2021	Mast Cell Mediated Regulation of Small Intestinal Chloride Malabsorption in SAMP1/YitFc Mouse Model of Spontaneous Chronic Ileitis.	Chlorides	50-58	transmembrane protein 201	Mus musculus	76-81
33810109-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disease in the Caucasian population and is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that encodes for a chloride/bicarbonate channel expressed on the membrane of epithelial cells of the airways and of the intestine, as well as in cells with exocrine and endocrine functions.	Chlorides	200-208	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	130-168
33810109-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disease in the Caucasian population and is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that encodes for a chloride/bicarbonate channel expressed on the membrane of epithelial cells of the airways and of the intestine, as well as in cells with exocrine and endocrine functions.	Chlorides	200-208	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	170-174
33159577-4	2021	IL-6 was involved in the modulation of sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter (Nkcc) activity.	Chlorides	56-64	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
33805605-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis is a monogenic, autosomal, recessive disease characterized by an alteration of chloride transport caused by mutations in the CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator) gene.	Chlorides	95-103	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	141-145
33805605-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis is a monogenic, autosomal, recessive disease characterized by an alteration of chloride transport caused by mutations in the CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator) gene.	Chlorides	95-103	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	147-198
33800234-0	2021	Influence of the Chloride Attack on the Post-Cracking Behavior of Recycled Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete.	Chlorides	17-25	solute carrier family 35 member G1	Homo sapiens	40-44
33800234-2	2021	To this end, the effect of chloride attack on the load-carrying capacity of pre-cracked RSFRC round panels is investigated by performing round panel tests supported on three points (RPT-3ps), considering the influence of the crack width and the fiber distribution/orientation profile.	Chlorides	27-35	proteasome 26S subunit, ATPase 4	Homo sapiens	182-187
33800234-3	2021	In addition, the influence of the adopted chloride exposure conditions on the post-cracking constitutive laws of the developed RSFRC is also assessed by performing numerical simulations for the prediction of the long-term performance of RSFRC under these aggressive conditions.	Chlorides	42-50	solute carrier family 35 member G1	Homo sapiens	78-82
33589413-1	2021	BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein, a chloride channel located in the epithelial cell membrane.	Chlorides	139-147	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	94-120
33589413-1	2021	BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein, a chloride channel located in the epithelial cell membrane.	Chlorides	139-147	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	122-126
33236921-2	2021	This secretion is impaired in several human diseases, including cystic fibrosis, a genetic pathology due to CFTR gene mutations leading to chloride channel defects.	Chlorides	139-147	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	108-112
33236921-3	2021	A potential therapeutic approach is aiming at increasing chloride secretion either by correcting the mutated CFTR itself or by stimulating non-CFTR chloride channels at the plasma membrane.	Chlorides	57-65	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	109-113
33236921-3	2021	A potential therapeutic approach is aiming at increasing chloride secretion either by correcting the mutated CFTR itself or by stimulating non-CFTR chloride channels at the plasma membrane.	Chlorides	57-65	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	143-147
26214011-8	2015	A post-treatment of the liquid as well as the gas phase should be foreseen if CBP formation cannot be prevented by eliminating chloride or organic substances in a pretreatment.	Chlorides	127-135	CREB binding protein	Homo sapiens	78-81
33236921-9	2021	Our study supports the importance of PLC in maintaining CFTR-dependent chloride secretion over time, getting maximal CFTR-dependent current and increasing CaCC activation in bronchial epithelial cells.	Chlorides	71-79	phospholipase C gamma 1	Homo sapiens	37-40
33236921-9	2021	Our study supports the importance of PLC in maintaining CFTR-dependent chloride secretion over time, getting maximal CFTR-dependent current and increasing CaCC activation in bronchial epithelial cells.	Chlorides	71-79	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	56-60
34718050-4	2022	The bicarbonate secretory machinery comprises the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger AE2 and the chloride channel ANO1.	Chlorides	50-58	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	81-84
25848051-5	2015	Capsaicin activated the chloride currents in an extracellular calcium-dependent manner in HEK293T cells expressing TRPV1 and ANO1.	Chlorides	24-32	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	115-120
25848051-5	2015	Capsaicin activated the chloride currents in an extracellular calcium-dependent manner in HEK293T cells expressing TRPV1 and ANO1.	Chlorides	24-32	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	125-129
15104210-6	2004	We conclude that the physiologic concentrations of thiocyanate found in human plasma could modulate the cytototoxicity of H2O2 and its resulting highly toxic MPO-generated hypochlorous acid by competing with chloride for MPO.	Chlorides	208-216	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	158-161
34597631-3	2022	In this study, the bromide ion was found to have a stronger negative impact on 2,4,6-TCP degradation than chloride ion in the O3 system, and led to the formation of adsorbable organic halogens (AOX).	Chlorides	106-114	acyl-CoA oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	194-197
34546588-3	2022	We find that GABARAP binding changes the electrostatic properties around the GABAA receptor and could lead to increased conductivity of chloride ions through the receptor.	Chlorides	136-144	GABA type A receptor-associated protein	Homo sapiens	13-20
8577659-4	1995	The perifusion of hCG (500 mIU/ml) activated a time-independent current, which presents a linear current-voltage (I/V) relationship in symmetrical chloride concentrations.	Chlorides	147-155	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	18-21
34883135-1	2022	The Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1 and the neuron-specific K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 are considered attractive CNS drug targets because altered neuronal chloride regulation and consequent effects on GABAergic signaling have been implicated in numerous CNS disorders.	Chlorides	149-157	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	76-80
34365166-7	2022	In addition, the removal of ammonia was enhanced with the increase of chloride ions (Cl-) in wastewater during EO process due to the generation of active chlorine (i.e., ClO-, HClO, or Cl2) from the oxidation of Cl-.	Chlorides	70-78	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	185-188
34810232-1	2022	The K+-Cl- co-transporter KCC2, encoded by the Slc12a5 gene, is a neuron-specific chloride extruder that tunes the strength and polarity of GABAA receptor-mediated transmission.	Chlorides	82-90	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
34810232-1	2022	The K+-Cl- co-transporter KCC2, encoded by the Slc12a5 gene, is a neuron-specific chloride extruder that tunes the strength and polarity of GABAA receptor-mediated transmission.	Chlorides	82-90	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	47-54
34810232-10	2022	We showed that gephyrin stabilizes plasmalemmal KCC2 and promotes its clustering in hippocampal neurons, mostly but not exclusively near GABAergic synapses, thereby controlling KCC2-mediated chloride extrusion.	Chlorides	191-199	gephyrin	Rattus norvegicus	15-23
34810232-10	2022	We showed that gephyrin stabilizes plasmalemmal KCC2 and promotes its clustering in hippocampal neurons, mostly but not exclusively near GABAergic synapses, thereby controlling KCC2-mediated chloride extrusion.	Chlorides	191-199	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	177-181
34810232-11	2022	This study identifies gephyrin as a novel KCC2 anchoring molecule that regulates its membrane expression and function in cortical neurons.Significance statementFast synaptic inhibition in the brain is mediated by chloride-permeable GABAA receptors (GABAARs) and therefore rely on transmembrane chloride gradients.	Chlorides	213-221	gephyrin	Rattus norvegicus	22-30
34810232-11	2022	This study identifies gephyrin as a novel KCC2 anchoring molecule that regulates its membrane expression and function in cortical neurons.Significance statementFast synaptic inhibition in the brain is mediated by chloride-permeable GABAA receptors (GABAARs) and therefore rely on transmembrane chloride gradients.	Chlorides	294-302	gephyrin	Rattus norvegicus	22-30
34810232-11	2022	This study identifies gephyrin as a novel KCC2 anchoring molecule that regulates its membrane expression and function in cortical neurons.Significance statementFast synaptic inhibition in the brain is mediated by chloride-permeable GABAA receptors (GABAARs) and therefore rely on transmembrane chloride gradients.	Chlorides	294-302	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	42-46
34418656-2	2022	C-PIL with chloride as the counter anion (C-PIL-Cl) showed the highest sorption capacity (2.96 +- 0.03 mmol/g), while bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide led to minimum uptake.	Chlorides	11-19	serpin family A member 2 (gene/pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	2-5
34418656-2	2022	C-PIL with chloride as the counter anion (C-PIL-Cl) showed the highest sorption capacity (2.96 +- 0.03 mmol/g), while bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide led to minimum uptake.	Chlorides	11-19	serpin family A member 2 (gene/pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	44-47
34821356-1	2021	SLC26A9, a member of the solute carrier protein family, transports chloride ions across various epithelia.	Chlorides	67-75	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	0-7
34664411-12	2022	Future studies should include sweat chloride testing as a measure of CFTR function.	Chlorides	36-44	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	69-73
34739555-9	2022	In summary, altered GABAergic function in Syngap1+/- mice is due to reduced KCC2 expression leading to an increase in the intracellular chloride concentration that can be counteracted by the 6BIO, which restored cognitive, emotional, and social symptoms by pharmacological intervention, particularly in adulthood.	Chlorides	136-144	synaptic Ras GTPase activating protein 1 homolog (rat)	Mus musculus	42-49
34949556-7	2021	All patients had normal CFTR dependent chloride transport in ICM.	Chlorides	39-47	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	24-28
34987017-10	2021	Most important, distinct conformations were observed when purifying and imaging prestin bound to either its physiological ligand, chloride, or to competitively inhibitory anions, sulfate or salicylate.	Chlorides	130-138	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	80-87
34913176-0	2022	Piezo1 controls cell volume and migration by modulating swelling-activated chloride current through Ca2+ influx.	Chlorides	75-83	piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
34537597-2	2021	In this study, an artificial neural network model (i.e., multi-layer perceptron, MLP) and a statistical inference model (i.e., stepwise-cluster analysis, SCA) are developed for predicting chloride concentration in stream water.	Chlorides	188-196	cysteine and glycine rich protein 3	Homo sapiens	81-84
34537597-6	2021	Moreover, MLP-SCA is more competent for predicting extremely high chloride concentration.	Chlorides	66-74	cysteine and glycine rich protein 3	Homo sapiens	10-13
34537597-8	2021	The outstanding performance of the proposed MLP-SCA, particularly in extreme value prediction, indicates that it can provide reliable chloride prediction using commonly available data (i.e., conductivity, water temperature, river flow rate, and rainfall).	Chlorides	134-142	cysteine and glycine rich protein 3	Homo sapiens	44-47
34537597-10	2021	MLP-SCA is the first ensemble learning model for river chloride prediction and can be extended to other river systems for water quality prediction.	Chlorides	55-63	cysteine and glycine rich protein 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
34922851-6	2021	In biliary epithelium, it failed to enhance CFTR-mediated bicarbonate transport but effectively rescued CFTR-mediated chloride transport, known to be requisite for bicarbonate secretion through the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger AE2 (SLC4A2), which was highly expressed by cholangiocytes.	Chlorides	118-126	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	104-108
34877817-9	2022	Functional screens of these small molecules identified eight compounds that partially restored DeltaF508-CFTR function, as assessed by cAMP-activated chloride conductance.	Chlorides	150-158	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	105-109
34922851-6	2021	In biliary epithelium, it failed to enhance CFTR-mediated bicarbonate transport but effectively rescued CFTR-mediated chloride transport, known to be requisite for bicarbonate secretion through the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger AE2 (SLC4A2), which was highly expressed by cholangiocytes.	Chlorides	118-126	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	229-232
34922851-6	2021	In biliary epithelium, it failed to enhance CFTR-mediated bicarbonate transport but effectively rescued CFTR-mediated chloride transport, known to be requisite for bicarbonate secretion through the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger AE2 (SLC4A2), which was highly expressed by cholangiocytes.	Chlorides	118-126	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	234-240
34922851-6	2021	In biliary epithelium, it failed to enhance CFTR-mediated bicarbonate transport but effectively rescued CFTR-mediated chloride transport, known to be requisite for bicarbonate secretion through the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger AE2 (SLC4A2), which was highly expressed by cholangiocytes.	Chlorides	198-206	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	104-108
34922851-6	2021	In biliary epithelium, it failed to enhance CFTR-mediated bicarbonate transport but effectively rescued CFTR-mediated chloride transport, known to be requisite for bicarbonate secretion through the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger AE2 (SLC4A2), which was highly expressed by cholangiocytes.	Chlorides	198-206	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	229-232
34922851-6	2021	In biliary epithelium, it failed to enhance CFTR-mediated bicarbonate transport but effectively rescued CFTR-mediated chloride transport, known to be requisite for bicarbonate secretion through the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger AE2 (SLC4A2), which was highly expressed by cholangiocytes.	Chlorides	198-206	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	234-240
34897412-10	2021	This response was triggered by intracellular H+ ions because it persisted in the absence of CO2/HCO3- and became ablated when acidic incubation media had low chloride concentration, a manoeuvre that reduces the extent of pHi decrease.	Chlorides	158-166	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	221-224
34955901-8	2021	In this review, we discuss the recent findings of the action of Shh-Smo signaling pathways on chloride ions homeostasis through the control of KCC2 membrane trafficking, and consequently on inhibitory neurotransmission and network activity during postnatal development.	Chlorides	94-102	sonic hedgehog signaling molecule	Homo sapiens	64-67
34955901-8	2021	In this review, we discuss the recent findings of the action of Shh-Smo signaling pathways on chloride ions homeostasis through the control of KCC2 membrane trafficking, and consequently on inhibitory neurotransmission and network activity during postnatal development.	Chlorides	94-102	smoothened, frizzled class receptor	Homo sapiens	68-71
34955901-8	2021	In this review, we discuss the recent findings of the action of Shh-Smo signaling pathways on chloride ions homeostasis through the control of KCC2 membrane trafficking, and consequently on inhibitory neurotransmission and network activity during postnatal development.	Chlorides	94-102	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	143-147
34943374-4	2021	This acute hypo-insulinemia may result from a disruption in chloride balance in beta-cells arising from an imbalanced KCC2-NKCC1 (chloride exporter-importer) density as a consequence of periodic oxygen desaturation.	Chlorides	60-68	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	118-122
34943374-4	2021	This acute hypo-insulinemia may result from a disruption in chloride balance in beta-cells arising from an imbalanced KCC2-NKCC1 (chloride exporter-importer) density as a consequence of periodic oxygen desaturation.	Chlorides	60-68	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	123-128
34943374-4	2021	This acute hypo-insulinemia may result from a disruption in chloride balance in beta-cells arising from an imbalanced KCC2-NKCC1 (chloride exporter-importer) density as a consequence of periodic oxygen desaturation.	Chlorides	130-138	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	118-122
34943374-4	2021	This acute hypo-insulinemia may result from a disruption in chloride balance in beta-cells arising from an imbalanced KCC2-NKCC1 (chloride exporter-importer) density as a consequence of periodic oxygen desaturation.	Chlorides	130-138	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	123-128
34955819-1	2021	Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in CFTR, which encodes a chloride and bicarbonate transporter expressed in exocrine epithelia throughout the body.	Chlorides	99-107	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	77-81
34561001-5	2021	The chloride-free, CM-CS-HAc demonstrated excellent buffering activity with Michaelis constants of 0.50 and 1.00 mM and maximum reaction rates of 5.62 and 2.26 mumol/min/mL for AChE and ALP reactions, respectively.	Chlorides	4-12	thrombopoietin	Mus musculus	170-172
34947095-7	2021	The concrete made of 25% FA plus RCA was considered the most eco-efficient based on the tests of compressive, carbonation and chloride properties with the values of 4.1 kg CO2 m-3 MPa-1, 76.3 kg CO2 m-3 mm-1 year0.5 and 0.079 kg CO2 m-3 C-1, respectively.	Chlorides	126-134	Establishment of cohesion	Drosophila melanogaster	61-64
34947099-5	2021	Experimental results indicate that incorporation of RCP contributes to enhancing the toughness and dry shrinkage resistance of eco-efficient mortar, while SCGP positively affects the compressive strength and chloride resistance.	Chlorides	208-216	ciliogenesis associated kinase 1	Homo sapiens	127-130
34885595-0	2021	Mechanism of Dy3+ and Nd3+ Ions Electrochemical Coreduction with Ni2+, Co2+, and Fe3+ Ions in Chloride Melts.	Chlorides	94-102	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 3	Homo sapiens	22-25
34917777-6	2021	Here we report that GSK2193874 enhances the chloride currents mediated by TMEM16B expressed in HEK cells at nanomolar concentrations and that GSK1016790A enhances native CaCCs of Xenopus oocytes.	Chlorides	44-52	anoctamin 2	Mus musculus	74-81
34852780-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Non-dystrophic myotonias (NDMs) comprise muscle chloride and sodium channelopathies due to genetic defects of the CLCN1- and SCN4A-channels.	Chlorides	60-68	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	126-131
34561001-5	2021	The chloride-free, CM-CS-HAc demonstrated excellent buffering activity with Michaelis constants of 0.50 and 1.00 mM and maximum reaction rates of 5.62 and 2.26 mumol/min/mL for AChE and ALP reactions, respectively.	Chlorides	4-12	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	177-181
34561001-5	2021	The chloride-free, CM-CS-HAc demonstrated excellent buffering activity with Michaelis constants of 0.50 and 1.00 mM and maximum reaction rates of 5.62 and 2.26 mumol/min/mL for AChE and ALP reactions, respectively.	Chlorides	4-12	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	186-189
34407318-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators are small molecules that directly impact the CFTR protein, improving the function of the CFTR chloride and bicarbonate channel.	Chlorides	164-172	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-51
34725866-6	2021	RESULTS: LRRC8A is essential for volume-regulated chloride current (ICl, Vol ) in BASMCs.	Chlorides	50-58	leucine rich repeat containing 8A VRAC subunit A	Mus musculus	9-15
34717148-1	2021	DOG1 (Discovered on GIST1) is a voltage-gated calcium-activated chloride and bicarbonate channel that is highly expressed in interstitial cells of Cajal and in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) derived from Cajal cells.	Chlorides	64-72	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
34717148-1	2021	DOG1 (Discovered on GIST1) is a voltage-gated calcium-activated chloride and bicarbonate channel that is highly expressed in interstitial cells of Cajal and in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) derived from Cajal cells.	Chlorides	64-72	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	6-25
34362288-0	2021	Cucumis sativus extract elicits chloride secretion by stimulation of the intestinal TMEM16A ion channel.	Chlorides	32-40	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	84-91
34407318-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators are small molecules that directly impact the CFTR protein, improving the function of the CFTR chloride and bicarbonate channel.	Chlorides	164-172	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	53-57
34407318-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators are small molecules that directly impact the CFTR protein, improving the function of the CFTR chloride and bicarbonate channel.	Chlorides	164-172	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	115-119
34407318-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators are small molecules that directly impact the CFTR protein, improving the function of the CFTR chloride and bicarbonate channel.	Chlorides	164-172	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	159-163
34620512-1	2021	The chloride importer NKCC1 and the chloride exporter KCC2 are key regulators of neuronal chloride concentration.	Chlorides	90-98	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	22-27
34620512-1	2021	The chloride importer NKCC1 and the chloride exporter KCC2 are key regulators of neuronal chloride concentration.	Chlorides	90-98	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	54-58
34848785-10	2021	Our studies suggest RDH14 as a candidate for autosomal recessive ID and cerebellar atrophy, implicating either disrupted retinoic acid signaling, or, through PACC1, disrupted chloride ion homeostasis in the brain as a putative disease mechanism.	Chlorides	175-183	retinol dehydrogenase 14	Homo sapiens	20-25
34848785-10	2021	Our studies suggest RDH14 as a candidate for autosomal recessive ID and cerebellar atrophy, implicating either disrupted retinoic acid signaling, or, through PACC1, disrupted chloride ion homeostasis in the brain as a putative disease mechanism.	Chlorides	175-183	proton activated chloride channel 1	Homo sapiens	158-163
34756042-2	2021	Chloride ions (Cl-) have been known as one of HbA allosteric effectors, which stabilizes the T-state preferable to release oxygen molecules.	Chlorides	0-8	keratin 90, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	46-49
34756042-9	2021	Interestingly, chloride ions loosely interact with the amino acid residues inside the HbA central cavity, suggesting that both Perutz"s and Ueno"s speculations are involved in understanding the microscopic roles of Cl-.	Chlorides	15-23	keratin 90, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	86-89
34888232-1	2021	Introduction: Ste20-related protein proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) affects cell proliferation, differentiation, and transformation, and sodium and chloride transport in the gut.	Chlorides	151-159	serine/threonine kinase 24	Mus musculus	14-19
34840424-0	2021	Li4.3AlS3.3Cl0.7: A Sulfide-Chloride Lithium Ion Conductor with Highly Disordered Structure and Increased Conductivity.	Chlorides	28-36	lipase family member N	Homo sapiens	0-3
34840424-2	2021	In this work, we present the discovery of a novel lithium aluminum sulfide-chloride phase, obtained by substitution of chloride for sulfur in Li3AlS3 and Li5AlS4 materials.	Chlorides	75-83	ALS3	Homo sapiens	145-149
34840424-2	2021	In this work, we present the discovery of a novel lithium aluminum sulfide-chloride phase, obtained by substitution of chloride for sulfur in Li3AlS3 and Li5AlS4 materials.	Chlorides	119-127	ALS3	Homo sapiens	145-149
34885669-7	2021	The sequestering ability of GLDA toward Cd2+, evaluated by means of pL0.5, was maximum at pH~10, whereas the presence of a chloride containing a supporting electrolyte exerted a negative effect.	Chlorides	123-131	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	40-43
34797252-3	2021	METHODS: We investigated the effect of SSP2518 on GCC-mediated intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels and on GCC-mediated chloride secretion in intestinal organoids from 3 patients with distinct activating GCC mutations and from controls, with and without stimulation of GCC with heat-stable enterotoxin.	Chlorides	142-150	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	129-132
34626749-1	2021	With-no-lysine kinase 3 (WNK3) is a key regulator of chloride ion transport and neuronal survival in diverse cell types.	Chlorides	53-61	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-23
34626749-1	2021	With-no-lysine kinase 3 (WNK3) is a key regulator of chloride ion transport and neuronal survival in diverse cell types.	Chlorides	53-61	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	25-29
34834095-0	2021	Novel Cellulose Derivatives Containing Metal (Cu, Fe, Ni) Oxide Nanoparticles as Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitors for C-Steel in Acidic Chloride Solutions.	Chlorides	137-145	ciliogenesis associated kinase 1	Homo sapiens	81-84
34797252-6	2021	DISCUSSION: We reported in this study that the GCC inhibitor SSP2518 normalizes cGMP levels in intestinal organoids derived from patients with GCC gain-of-function mutations and markedly reduces cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-dependent chloride secretion, the driver of persistent diarrhea.	Chlorides	257-265	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	47-50
34797252-6	2021	DISCUSSION: We reported in this study that the GCC inhibitor SSP2518 normalizes cGMP levels in intestinal organoids derived from patients with GCC gain-of-function mutations and markedly reduces cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-dependent chloride secretion, the driver of persistent diarrhea.	Chlorides	257-265	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	195-246
34726894-7	2021	For CsPbBr3-RhB, the rate constant for energy transfer (kET) agrees well with Forster theory, whereas alloying with chloride to produce chloride-rich CsPb(Br1-xClx)3 favors a Dexter mechanism.	Chlorides	116-124	granzyme B	Homo sapiens	150-154
34224566-4	2021	Here, we demonstrate that endogenous Gal-3 is required for: i) muscle repair in vivo using a chloride-barium myolesion mouse model, and ii) mouse primary myoblasts myogenic programming.	Chlorides	93-101	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	37-42
34726894-7	2021	For CsPbBr3-RhB, the rate constant for energy transfer (kET) agrees well with Forster theory, whereas alloying with chloride to produce chloride-rich CsPb(Br1-xClx)3 favors a Dexter mechanism.	Chlorides	136-144	granzyme B	Homo sapiens	150-154
34858138-8	2021	However, there was a reduction in phosphorylated KCC2 at the membrane, suggesting an increase in KCC2 chloride export activity.	Chlorides	102-110	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	97-101
34738144-13	2021	Chloride was significantly positively correlated to duration of admission, creatinine, ACR, and negatively correlated to eGFR.	Chlorides	0-8	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	121-125
34842237-6	2021	Furthermore, the impact of dysfunctional CFTR-regulated chloride secretion on ciliary function is poorly understood.	Chlorides	56-64	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	41-45
34523752-2	2021	We show that Medicago truncatula MtNPF6.5, an ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana AtNPF6.3/NRT1.1, can mediate nitrate and chloride uptake in Xenopus oocytes but is chloride selective and that its close homologue, MtNPF6.7, can transport nitrate and chloride but is nitrate selective.	Chlorides	120-128	nitrate transporter 1.1	Arabidopsis thaliana	79-87
34523752-2	2021	We show that Medicago truncatula MtNPF6.5, an ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana AtNPF6.3/NRT1.1, can mediate nitrate and chloride uptake in Xenopus oocytes but is chloride selective and that its close homologue, MtNPF6.7, can transport nitrate and chloride but is nitrate selective.	Chlorides	120-128	nitrate transporter 1.1	Arabidopsis thaliana	88-94
34523752-6	2021	Sequence analysis revealed three sub-types of AtNPF6.3 orthologs based on their predicted substrate-binding residues: A (chloride selective), B (nitrate selective), and C (legume specific).	Chlorides	121-129	nitrate transporter 1.1	Arabidopsis thaliana	46-54
34523752-7	2021	The absence of B-type AtNPF6.3 homologues in early diverged plant lineages suggests that they evolved from a chloride-selective MtNPF6.5-like protein.	Chlorides	109-117	nitrate transporter 1.1	Arabidopsis thaliana	22-30
34828864-4	2021	The analysis of chlorides showed that the samples prepared with sea water had a significantly lower NaCl content after cooking in comparison with those prepared with tap water.	Chlorides	16-25	S13 erythroblastosis (avian) oncogene homolog	Homo sapiens	64-67
34582774-4	2021	The inhibition of ICl, vol and RVD by the chloride channel blockers, tamoxifen or DCPIB, led to the emergence of pyroptosis-like phenotypes such as activated-caspase-1, pyroptotic-body-like bubbles, and a fried-egg-like appearance.	Chlorides	42-50	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	158-167
34672549-5	2021	The stereoselectivity of the Diels-Alder cycloaddition is controlled by the substituents of the chiral oxazolidinone ligand and could be further improved via the coordination of SnCl4 at the bridging chloride of the (B-Cl-B)+ cation.	Chlorides	200-208	citramalyl-CoA lyase	Homo sapiens	219-223
34647396-4	2021	Here, hollow mesoporous silica (h-SiO2 ) template-assisted ligand-free synthesis and halogen manipulation (chloride-importing) are proposed to fabricate highly defective yet fluorescent CsPbCl1.2 Br1.8 NCs confined in h-SiO2 (CsPbCl1.2 Br1.8 NCs@h-SiO2 ) for ultrasensitive temperature sensing.	Chlorides	107-115	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11	Homo sapiens	196-199
34647396-4	2021	Here, hollow mesoporous silica (h-SiO2 ) template-assisted ligand-free synthesis and halogen manipulation (chloride-importing) are proposed to fabricate highly defective yet fluorescent CsPbCl1.2 Br1.8 NCs confined in h-SiO2 (CsPbCl1.2 Br1.8 NCs@h-SiO2 ) for ultrasensitive temperature sensing.	Chlorides	107-115	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11	Homo sapiens	236-239
34717611-1	2021	BACKGROUND: We previously reported that expression of a miR-138 mimic or knockdown of SIN3A in primary cultures of cystic fibrosis (CF) airway epithelia increased DeltaF508-CFTR mRNA and protein levels, and partially restored CFTR-dependent chloride transport.	Chlorides	241-249	SIN3 transcription regulator family member A	Homo sapiens	86-91
34717611-1	2021	BACKGROUND: We previously reported that expression of a miR-138 mimic or knockdown of SIN3A in primary cultures of cystic fibrosis (CF) airway epithelia increased DeltaF508-CFTR mRNA and protein levels, and partially restored CFTR-dependent chloride transport.	Chlorides	241-249	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	226-230
34717611-10	2021	Candidate CFTR effectors identified in the analysis included CHURC1, GZF1, and RPL15, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of these genes partially restored CFTR-dependent transepithelial chloride current to DeltaF508-CFBE cells.	Chlorides	180-188	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	10-14
34717611-10	2021	Candidate CFTR effectors identified in the analysis included CHURC1, GZF1, and RPL15, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of these genes partially restored CFTR-dependent transepithelial chloride current to DeltaF508-CFBE cells.	Chlorides	180-188	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	149-153
34756683-4	2021	RESULTS: Treatment of CF patients with the CFTR modulators elexacaftor, tezacaftor and ivacaftor reduced the sweat chloride concentration measured in QPIT in the majority of patients to values in the intermediate or normal range.	Chlorides	115-123	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	43-47
34707084-1	2021	Inhibitory GABA-ergic neurotransmission is fundamental for the adult vertebrate central nervous system and requires low chloride concentration in neurons, maintained by KCC2, a neuroprotective ion transporter that extrudes intracellular neuronal chloride.	Chlorides	120-128	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	169-173
34707084-1	2021	Inhibitory GABA-ergic neurotransmission is fundamental for the adult vertebrate central nervous system and requires low chloride concentration in neurons, maintained by KCC2, a neuroprotective ion transporter that extrudes intracellular neuronal chloride.	Chlorides	246-254	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	169-173
34689571-4	2021	RESULTS: FGF-23 was associated with several metrics of disease severity such as higher home loop diuretic dose and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum chloride, and serum albumin.	Chlorides	224-232	fibroblast growth factor 23	Homo sapiens	9-15
34833037-3	2021	Since hyperactivity of motoneurons and muscle spasticity after spinal cord injury are associated with KCC2 downregulation, we hypothesized that a decrease in potassium (K+)/chloride (Cl-) co-transporter 2 (KCC2) in motoneurons would be responsible for an increase in soleus muscle EMG activity during HS.	Chlorides	173-181	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	206-210
34683521-5	2021	In addition, the NPI decreased the charge passed and the chloride migration coefficient, and the results of the natural chloride diffusion showed that the NPI decreased the chloride concentration and the chloride diffusion coefficient.	Chlorides	57-65	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 2	Homo sapiens	17-20
34685773-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis is a severe autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene encoding the CFTR protein, a chloride channel expressed in many epithelial cells.	Chlorides	177-185	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	84-135
34685773-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis is a severe autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene encoding the CFTR protein, a chloride channel expressed in many epithelial cells.	Chlorides	177-185	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	137-141
34685773-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis is a severe autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene encoding the CFTR protein, a chloride channel expressed in many epithelial cells.	Chlorides	177-185	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	161-165
34831067-2	2021	The CFTR protein is known to acts as a chloride (Cl-) channel expressed in the exocrine glands of several body systems where it also regulates other ion channels, including the epithelial sodium (Na+) channel (ENaC) that plays a key role in salt absorption.	Chlorides	39-47	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-8
34686334-7	2021	Our data indicate that p38 regulates cell volumes through the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter NKCC1.	Chlorides	79-87	p38b MAP kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	23-26
34777886-1	2021	Congenital chloride-losing diarrhea (CCLD) is a rare genetic disorder due to autosomal recessive mutation in the SLC26A3 gene on chromosome 7.	Chlorides	11-19	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	113-120
34683521-5	2021	In addition, the NPI decreased the charge passed and the chloride migration coefficient, and the results of the natural chloride diffusion showed that the NPI decreased the chloride concentration and the chloride diffusion coefficient.	Chlorides	120-128	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 2	Homo sapiens	17-20
34683521-5	2021	In addition, the NPI decreased the charge passed and the chloride migration coefficient, and the results of the natural chloride diffusion showed that the NPI decreased the chloride concentration and the chloride diffusion coefficient.	Chlorides	120-128	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 2	Homo sapiens	155-158
34683521-5	2021	In addition, the NPI decreased the charge passed and the chloride migration coefficient, and the results of the natural chloride diffusion showed that the NPI decreased the chloride concentration and the chloride diffusion coefficient.	Chlorides	173-181	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 2	Homo sapiens	17-20
34683521-5	2021	In addition, the NPI decreased the charge passed and the chloride migration coefficient, and the results of the natural chloride diffusion showed that the NPI decreased the chloride concentration and the chloride diffusion coefficient.	Chlorides	173-181	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 2	Homo sapiens	155-158
34683521-5	2021	In addition, the NPI decreased the charge passed and the chloride migration coefficient, and the results of the natural chloride diffusion showed that the NPI decreased the chloride concentration and the chloride diffusion coefficient.	Chlorides	204-212	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 2	Homo sapiens	17-20
34683521-5	2021	In addition, the NPI decreased the charge passed and the chloride migration coefficient, and the results of the natural chloride diffusion showed that the NPI decreased the chloride concentration and the chloride diffusion coefficient.	Chlorides	204-212	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 2	Homo sapiens	155-158
34683521-6	2021	The NPI effectively improved the resistance of chloride penetration into testing concrete.	Chlorides	47-55	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 2	Homo sapiens	4-7
34284448-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: K+-Cl- cotransporter-2 (KCC2), which primarily extrudes chloride in mature neurons, triggers hemiplegia limb spasticity after ischemic stroke by affecting neuronal excitability.	Chlorides	67-75	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	11-33
34692569-2	2021	It is caused by a mutation in the cftr gene, a chloride ion transporter localized in the plasma membrane of lung epithelial cells and other organs.	Chlorides	47-55	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	34-38
34692569-3	2021	The loss of CFTR function alters chloride, bicarbonate, and water transport through the plasma membrane, promoting the production of a thick and sticky mucus in which bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cenocepacia can produce chronic infections that eventually decrease the lung function and increase the risk of mortality.	Chlorides	33-41	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	12-16
34284448-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: K+-Cl- cotransporter-2 (KCC2), which primarily extrudes chloride in mature neurons, triggers hemiplegia limb spasticity after ischemic stroke by affecting neuronal excitability.	Chlorides	67-75	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
34426253-0	2021	beta-eudesmol but not atractylodin exerts an inhibitory effect on CFTR-mediated chloride transport in human intestinal epithelial cells.	Chlorides	80-88	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	66-70
34473378-4	2021	Chloride secretion is believed to occur mainly by the cAMP-activated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), with some contribution by the calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A.	Chlorides	0-8	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	122-126
34473378-4	2021	Chloride secretion is believed to occur mainly by the cAMP-activated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), with some contribution by the calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A.	Chlorides	0-8	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	194-201
34473378-4	2021	Chloride secretion is believed to occur mainly by the cAMP-activated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), with some contribution by the calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A.	Chlorides	0-8	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	69-120
34473378-13	2021	Enhanced cell proliferation and chloride secretion is caused primarily by upregulation of the calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A.	Chlorides	32-40	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	129-136
34252449-5	2021	The abundance of the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger pendrin was increased, likely explaining the acidosis.	Chlorides	21-29	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	52-59
34680949-1	2021	CFTR encodes for a chloride and bicarbonate channel expressed at the apical membrane of polarized epithelial cells.	Chlorides	19-27	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
34561302-6	2021	This mechanism provides an explanation for the observation that the D85S mutant of bacteriorhodopsin pumps chloride ions.	Chlorides	107-115	chromosome 12 open reading frame 73	Homo sapiens	83-100
34602981-5	2021	Chloride accumulation by the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC1) and chloride outward transport (efflux) through K+-Cl- cotransporters (KCC1 and KCC3) or excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) anion channels control (Cl-)int to variable extent in distinct brain regions.	Chlorides	0-8	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	56-61
34584093-0	2021	Cryo-EM structure of the sodium-driven chloride/bicarbonate exchanger NDCBE.	Chlorides	39-47	solute carrier family 4 member 8	Homo sapiens	70-75
34584093-2	2021	The previously solved structures of the outward facing (OF) conformation for AE1 (SLC4A1) and NBCe1 (SLC4A4) transporters revealed an identical overall fold despite their different transport modes (chloride/bicarbonate exchange versus sodium-carbonate cotransport).	Chlorides	198-206	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	77-80
34584093-2	2021	The previously solved structures of the outward facing (OF) conformation for AE1 (SLC4A1) and NBCe1 (SLC4A4) transporters revealed an identical overall fold despite their different transport modes (chloride/bicarbonate exchange versus sodium-carbonate cotransport).	Chlorides	198-206	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	82-88
34584093-2	2021	The previously solved structures of the outward facing (OF) conformation for AE1 (SLC4A1) and NBCe1 (SLC4A4) transporters revealed an identical overall fold despite their different transport modes (chloride/bicarbonate exchange versus sodium-carbonate cotransport).	Chlorides	198-206	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	101-107
34584093-4	2021	In this work, we report the cryo-EM 3.4 A structure of the OF conformation of NDCBE (SLC4A8), which shares transport properties with both AE1 and NBCe1 by mediating the electroneutral exchange of sodium-carbonate with chloride.	Chlorides	218-226	solute carrier family 4 member 8	Homo sapiens	78-83
34584093-4	2021	In this work, we report the cryo-EM 3.4 A structure of the OF conformation of NDCBE (SLC4A8), which shares transport properties with both AE1 and NBCe1 by mediating the electroneutral exchange of sodium-carbonate with chloride.	Chlorides	218-226	solute carrier family 4 member 8	Homo sapiens	85-91
34584093-4	2021	In this work, we report the cryo-EM 3.4 A structure of the OF conformation of NDCBE (SLC4A8), which shares transport properties with both AE1 and NBCe1 by mediating the electroneutral exchange of sodium-carbonate with chloride.	Chlorides	218-226	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	138-141
34630137-3	2021	Urinary sodium, potassium, and chloride concentrations as well as urinary osmolality were lower in hAAT-Tg mice maintained on a high salt diet during both the active and inactive cycles.	Chlorides	31-39	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	99-103
34602980-0	2021	The Chloride Homeostasis of CA3 Hippocampal Neurons Is Not Altered in Fully Symptomatic Mepc2-null Mice.	Chlorides	4-12	carbonic anhydrase 3	Mus musculus	28-31
34602980-6	2021	Altogether, these data indicate the presence of a functional chloride extrusion mechanism in Mecp2 -/y CA3 pyramidal neurons at symptomatic stages.	Chlorides	61-69	methyl CpG binding protein 2	Mus musculus	93-98
34602980-6	2021	Altogether, these data indicate the presence of a functional chloride extrusion mechanism in Mecp2 -/y CA3 pyramidal neurons at symptomatic stages.	Chlorides	61-69	carbonic anhydrase 3	Mus musculus	103-106
34549237-1	2021	Through the combination of X-ray structure analysis and density functional theory (DFT) theoretical calculations at the B3LYP-D3/def2-TZVP level of theory, we designed and investigated two novel host units for the recognition of neutral (e.g. halobenzenes) and charged (e.g. chloride and nitrate) guests inspired by a glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) system and its inhibitors.	Chlorides	275-283	folate hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	318-347
34549237-1	2021	Through the combination of X-ray structure analysis and density functional theory (DFT) theoretical calculations at the B3LYP-D3/def2-TZVP level of theory, we designed and investigated two novel host units for the recognition of neutral (e.g. halobenzenes) and charged (e.g. chloride and nitrate) guests inspired by a glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) system and its inhibitors.	Chlorides	275-283	folate hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	349-354
34640646-1	2021	Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) generates from the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions via myeloperoxidase (MPO)-mediated in vivo.	Chlorides	83-91	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	101-116
34640646-1	2021	Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) generates from the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions via myeloperoxidase (MPO)-mediated in vivo.	Chlorides	83-91	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	118-121
34473925-3	2021	We conducted molecular dynamics simulations of Asp and Glu peptides in the presence of calcium and chloride ions to elucidate the underlying phenomena.	Chlorides	99-107	assembly factor for spindle microtubules	Homo sapiens	47-50
34473925-5	2021	The investigated Asp pentapeptide tends to pull a lot of ions into its vicinity, and many structures with clusters of calcium and chloride ions on the surface of the peptide can be observed.	Chlorides	130-138	assembly factor for spindle microtubules	Homo sapiens	17-20
34602981-5	2021	Chloride accumulation by the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC1) and chloride outward transport (efflux) through K+-Cl- cotransporters (KCC1 and KCC3) or excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) anion channels control (Cl-)int to variable extent in distinct brain regions.	Chlorides	0-8	solute carrier family 12, member 6	Mus musculus	143-147
34602981-5	2021	Chloride accumulation by the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC1) and chloride outward transport (efflux) through K+-Cl- cotransporters (KCC1 and KCC3) or excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) anion channels control (Cl-)int to variable extent in distinct brain regions.	Chlorides	67-75	solute carrier family 12, member 4	Mus musculus	134-138
34602981-5	2021	Chloride accumulation by the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC1) and chloride outward transport (efflux) through K+-Cl- cotransporters (KCC1 and KCC3) or excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) anion channels control (Cl-)int to variable extent in distinct brain regions.	Chlorides	67-75	solute carrier family 12, member 6	Mus musculus	143-147
34602981-7	2021	In contrast, neocortical astrocytic or RGL (Cl-)int was very sensitive to block of chloride outward transport, but not to NKCC1 inhibition.	Chlorides	83-91	ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator,-like 1	Mus musculus	39-42
34436874-1	2021	Tris-chelate complexes of Co(III), Rh(III), and Ir(III) with 4-isopropyltropolone (hinokitiol or beta-thujaplicin) form by the substitution of carbonate and chloride ligands from group 9 trivalent metal salts.	Chlorides	157-165	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III	Homo sapiens	26-33
34603048-3	2021	The etiology of ionic imbalances resulting from stroke-induced ischemia and acidosis includes the dysregulation of multiple plasma membrane transport proteins, such as increased activity of sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter-1 (NKCC-1).	Chlorides	207-215	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	233-239
34436874-1	2021	Tris-chelate complexes of Co(III), Rh(III), and Ir(III) with 4-isopropyltropolone (hinokitiol or beta-thujaplicin) form by the substitution of carbonate and chloride ligands from group 9 trivalent metal salts.	Chlorides	157-165	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III	Homo sapiens	38-41
34436874-1	2021	Tris-chelate complexes of Co(III), Rh(III), and Ir(III) with 4-isopropyltropolone (hinokitiol or beta-thujaplicin) form by the substitution of carbonate and chloride ligands from group 9 trivalent metal salts.	Chlorides	157-165	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III	Homo sapiens	51-54
34849164-6	2021	The chloride (Cl-) levels in GABAergic neurons are controlled by two solute carrier 12 (SLC12) cation-chloride-cotransporters (CCCs): Na+/K+/Cl- co-transporter (NKCC1) and K+/Cl- co-transporter (KCC2), that respectively cause an influx and efflux of Cl-.	Chlorides	4-12	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	161-166
34390643-4	2021	Cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human prestin bound with chloride or salicylate at a common "anion site" adopt contracted or expanded states, respectively.	Chlorides	73-81	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	54-61
34849164-6	2021	The chloride (Cl-) levels in GABAergic neurons are controlled by two solute carrier 12 (SLC12) cation-chloride-cotransporters (CCCs): Na+/K+/Cl- co-transporter (NKCC1) and K+/Cl- co-transporter (KCC2), that respectively cause an influx and efflux of Cl-.	Chlorides	4-12	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	195-199
34540836-4	2021	Our results demonstrate that MOF expression is negatively associated with HIF-1alpha expression in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and in response to chloride-mimicked hypoxia in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines.	Chlorides	151-159	lysine acetyltransferase 8	Homo sapiens	29-32
34100078-2	2021	The two MLC-causing genes encode for membrane proteins of yet unknown function that have been linked to the regulation of different chloride channnels such as the ClC-2 and VRAC.	Chlorides	132-140	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	163-168
34501048-7	2021	The new Eco-concretes deliver the desired performance in terms of processability, strength and durability (water penetration, frost, carbonation and chloride resistance) while lowering the environmental impact in comparison to standard concrete.	Chlorides	149-157	ciliogenesis associated kinase 1	Homo sapiens	8-11
34383496-2	2021	Assuming diffusion-controlled encounter of the hydronium and chloride ions and including the effect of the ionic atmosphere, we showed that the reciprocal of tau, the lifetime of (Cl- H3O+), follows an Arrhenius dependence with an activation energy of 23 +- 4 kJ mol-1, independent of the acid concentration.	Chlorides	61-69	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	158-161
34483955-0	2021	Activation of the Thiazide-Sensitive Sodium-Chloride Cotransporter by Beta3-Adrenoreceptor in the Distal Convoluted Tubule.	Chlorides	44-52	adrenergic receptor, beta 3	Mus musculus	70-90
34174096-2	2021	Action potential activity in unmyelinated C-fibres is coupled to NKCC1 loading of axonal chloride.	Chlorides	89-97	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	65-70
34174096-4	2021	NKCC1 maintains intra-axonal chloride to provide feed-forward stabilisation of C-fibre excitability and thus support sustained firing.	Chlorides	29-37	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	0-5
34174096-10	2021	However, during NKCC1 blockade electrical stimulation rate did not affect GABA response size, suggesting that NKCC1 regulation of axonal chloride is coupled to action potential firing.	Chlorides	137-145	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	110-115
34174096-14	2021	We posit that NKCC1 acts in a feed-forward manner to maintain an elevated intra-axonal chloride in C-fibres during ongoing firing.	Chlorides	87-95	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	14-19
34174096-15	2021	The resulting chloride gradient can be utilised by GABAA R to stabilise axonal excitability.	Chlorides	14-22	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	51-56
34447248-4	2021	99mTc-MAG3-ssDNA (A20) was obtained by labeling MAG3-ssDNA (A20) with technetium-99m by using a stannous chloride reduction method.	Chlorides	105-113	tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 3	Mus musculus	18-21
34447248-4	2021	99mTc-MAG3-ssDNA (A20) was obtained by labeling MAG3-ssDNA (A20) with technetium-99m by using a stannous chloride reduction method.	Chlorides	105-113	tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 3	Mus musculus	60-63
34456687-0	2021	Adenylate Cyclase 1 Links Calcium Signaling to CFTR-Dependent Cytosolic Chloride Elevations in Chick Amacrine Cells.	Chlorides	72-80	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Gallus gallus	47-51
34105835-0	2021	Competitive Coordination of Chloride and Fluoride Anions Towards Trivalent Lanthanide Cations (La3+ and Nd3+) in Molten Salts.	Chlorides	28-36	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 3	Homo sapiens	104-107
34385926-10	2021	Improved chloride transport was observed for the second and third generation LV-CFTR vectors, with up to 60% correction of the cAMP-driven chloride response towards WT.	Chlorides	9-17	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	80-84
34391093-8	2021	Application of chloride channel blockers, NPPB (5-Nitro-2- (3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid) and DIDS (4,4"-Diisothiocyanato-2,2"-stilbenedisulfonic acid disodium salt) reduced ClC-mediated current and increased inhibitory synaptic transmission in TLE mice.	Chlorides	15-23	Charcot-Leyden crystal protein	Mus musculus	179-182
34086177-2	2021	In the reactions of highly oxidizing radicals (e.g.,  OH,  NO3, or SO4 -) in the nature or during wastewater treatment in advanced oxidation processes the chloride ions easily transform to chlorine containing radicals, such as Cl , Cl2 -, and ClO .	Chlorides	155-163	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	232-235
34353915-0	2021	LRRC8A reduces intracellular chloride to permit WNK activation in response to hypertonic stress.	Chlorides	29-37	leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit A	Homo sapiens	0-6
34395179-3	2021	Our multi-approach study, based on the combination of structural experimental data and quantum-chemical DFT calculations, led to identify a sequestration site for sodium, potassium and chloride ions within the central cavity of both the SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins.	Chlorides	185-193	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	263-268
34414034-1	2021	Background: DOG1 (ANO1; TMEM16A) is a voltage-gated calcium-activated chloride and bicarbonate channel.	Chlorides	70-78	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	12-16
34414034-1	2021	Background: DOG1 (ANO1; TMEM16A) is a voltage-gated calcium-activated chloride and bicarbonate channel.	Chlorides	70-78	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
34414034-1	2021	Background: DOG1 (ANO1; TMEM16A) is a voltage-gated calcium-activated chloride and bicarbonate channel.	Chlorides	70-78	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	24-31
34266257-3	2021	In this study, we synthesized (Ag23Pd2(PPh3)10Cl7)0 (Pd = palladium, PPh3 = triphenylphosphine, Cl = chloride), in which two icosahedral 13-atom NCs are connected, and elucidated its geometric and electronic structures to clarify what type of superatomic molecules can be synthesized.	Chlorides	101-109	protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	39-43
34315884-0	2021	Chloride sensing by WNK1 regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis.	Chlorides	0-8	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	20-24
34315884-0	2021	Chloride sensing by WNK1 regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis.	Chlorides	0-8	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	35-40
34326672-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening monogenic disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, an anion channel that transports chloride and bicarbonate across epithelia.	Chlorides	193-201	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	105-143
34326672-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening monogenic disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, an anion channel that transports chloride and bicarbonate across epithelia.	Chlorides	193-201	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	145-149
34442373-0	2021	Sweat Chloride Testing and Nasal Potential Difference (NPD) Are Primary Outcome Parameters in Treatment with Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Modulators.	Chlorides	6-14	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	109-160
34442373-0	2021	Sweat Chloride Testing and Nasal Potential Difference (NPD) Are Primary Outcome Parameters in Treatment with Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Modulators.	Chlorides	6-14	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	162-166
34120018-11	2021	DISCUSSION: This study suggests that xCT mediates N-acetylcysteine uptake into the placenta and that N-acetylcysteine treatment of placental tissue alters the placental proteome while regulating the redox sensitive Maxi-chloride channel.	Chlorides	220-228	solute carrier family 7 member 11	Homo sapiens	37-40
34307382-7	2021	Here, the Part 2 focuses on the roles of the acid-sensitive outwardly rectifying (ASOR) anion channel, also called the proton-activated chloride (PAC) anion channel, which is activated by extracellular protons in a manner sharply dependent on ambient temperature.	Chlorides	136-144	proton activated chloride channel 1	Homo sapiens	82-86
34085737-10	2021	Rather, they suggest that CLC-2 performs a critical homeostatic role in the subretinal compartment involving a chloride regulatory mechanism that is critical for the survival of both RPE and photoreceptors.	Chlorides	111-119	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	26-31
34114030-2	2021	All of them have been characterized, including X-ray studies of complex (Au(bzp)Cl(Spym)), and these studies have permitted to elucidate that leaving chloride ligand is trans located to CAr atom.	Chlorides	150-158	CXADR pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	186-189
34140667-6	2021	The data reveal that potassium and chloride fluxes in the thylakoid lumen determined by the K+/H+ antiporter KEA3 and the voltage-gated Cl- channel VCCN1/Best1 have distinct kinetic responses that lead to characteristic and light-intensity-dependent Deltapsi/DeltapH oscillations.	Chlorides	35-43	bestrophin 1	Homo sapiens	154-159
34162897-1	2021	The widely expressed two-pore homodimeric inward rectifier CLC-2 chloride channel regulates transepithelial chloride transport, extracellular chloride homeostasis, and neuronal excitability.	Chlorides	108-116	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	59-64
34202364-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene: the gene product responsible for transporting chloride and bicarbonate ions through the apical membrane of most epithelial cells.	Chlorides	181-189	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	82-121
34202364-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene: the gene product responsible for transporting chloride and bicarbonate ions through the apical membrane of most epithelial cells.	Chlorides	181-189	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	123-127
34162897-1	2021	The widely expressed two-pore homodimeric inward rectifier CLC-2 chloride channel regulates transepithelial chloride transport, extracellular chloride homeostasis, and neuronal excitability.	Chlorides	142-150	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	59-64
34081471-5	2021	However, the rate-determining step of the SN1 pathway has changed from the chloride-leaving step to the C-C bond-formation step.	Chlorides	75-83	solute carrier family 38 member 3	Homo sapiens	42-45
34127616-7	2021	Western blots were run from testosterone treated postnatal day 7 animals to measure levels of chloride cotransporters sodium-potassium-chloride symporter (NKCC1) and chloride-potassium symporter 5 (KCC2).	Chlorides	135-143	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	155-160
34127616-7	2021	Western blots were run from testosterone treated postnatal day 7 animals to measure levels of chloride cotransporters sodium-potassium-chloride symporter (NKCC1) and chloride-potassium symporter 5 (KCC2).	Chlorides	166-174	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	198-202
34084147-7	2021	This study demonstrated for the first time that LV-V5-CFTR treatment produced a mean correction of 46% towards wild-type chloride response in treated CF rats.	Chlorides	121-129	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	54-58
34211404-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion channel expressed on the apical membrane of epithelial cells, where it plays a pivotal role in chloride transport and overall tissue homeostasis.	Chlorides	166-174	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-51
34211404-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion channel expressed on the apical membrane of epithelial cells, where it plays a pivotal role in chloride transport and overall tissue homeostasis.	Chlorides	166-174	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	53-57
34113239-1	2021	Background Our aim was to investigate the effects of the protein expression and the function of sodium, potassium, and chloride co-transporter (NKCC1) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor (TRPV1) in capsaicin-induced acute inflammatory pain and the possible mechanism of action.	Chlorides	119-127	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	144-149
34113239-1	2021	Background Our aim was to investigate the effects of the protein expression and the function of sodium, potassium, and chloride co-transporter (NKCC1) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor (TRPV1) in capsaicin-induced acute inflammatory pain and the possible mechanism of action.	Chlorides	119-127	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	205-254
34113239-1	2021	Background Our aim was to investigate the effects of the protein expression and the function of sodium, potassium, and chloride co-transporter (NKCC1) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor (TRPV1) in capsaicin-induced acute inflammatory pain and the possible mechanism of action.	Chlorides	119-127	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	256-261
34132518-10	2021	The intermediate predicted to possess the lowest energy is that resulting from electron transfer from Co(I)Cbl* to the substrate to yield Co(II)Cbl*, a chloride ion, and a vinylic radical.	Chlorides	152-160	Cbl proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	107-110
34132518-10	2021	The intermediate predicted to possess the lowest energy is that resulting from electron transfer from Co(I)Cbl* to the substrate to yield Co(II)Cbl*, a chloride ion, and a vinylic radical.	Chlorides	152-160	Cbl proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	144-147
34090606-2	2021	Mutations in CFTR, the gene encoding the epithelial ion channel that normally transports chloride and bicarbonate, lead to impaired mucus hydration and clearance.	Chlorides	89-97	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	13-17
34074021-2	2021	The effect of Epi on GABA-induced chloride current (IGABA) in native neurons has hardly been studied.	Chlorides	34-42	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
35500436-6	2022	Furthermore, using MQAE, we found that the intracellular chloride ion concentration was downregulated in oxytocin-treated cells by increasing surface KCC2 expression.	Chlorides	57-65	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	150-154
34749600-1	2021	TMEM16A mediates calcium-activated transmembrane flow of chloride ion and a variety of physiological functions.	Chlorides	57-65	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
34707004-2	2021	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conduction regulator (CFTR) is an apical membrane chloride channel, which is very important for the regulation of epithelial fluid, chloride ion, and bicarbonate transport.	Chlorides	162-170	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	52-56
35271837-9	2022	Besides, chlorinated organic by-product concentration (AOX) was lower in the 10:1 Na2SO4:NaCl ratio but increased with the increasing chloride ratio in the electrolyte.	Chlorides	134-142	acyl-CoA oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	55-58
35278954-8	2022	Additionally, the chloride had a profoundly adverse influence on mercury adsorption due to the upward shift of Hg-6s and Hg-6p orbitals.	Chlorides	18-26	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting pseudogene 6	Homo sapiens	121-126
35513289-4	2022	It has previously been demonstrated that myeloperoxidase (MPO), which catalyzes formation of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chloride (Cl-), is enhanced in inflammatory diseases and could be a potent scavenger of NO.	Chlorides	152-160	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	41-56
35513289-4	2022	It has previously been demonstrated that myeloperoxidase (MPO), which catalyzes formation of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chloride (Cl-), is enhanced in inflammatory diseases and could be a potent scavenger of NO.	Chlorides	152-160	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	58-61
35620311-5	2022	MPO is the only human enzyme with the ability to produce hypochlorous acid (HOCl) at physiological chloride concentrations and HOCl-LDL epitopes were shown to be present inside atheromatous lesions making it a physiologically relevant model for the oxidation of LDL.	Chlorides	99-107	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-3
35623009-1	2022	INTRODUCTION: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated chloride and bicarbonate secretion is integral to the pancreas" ability to produce the alkaline pancreatic juice required for proper activation of enzymes for digestion.	Chlorides	82-90	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	14-65
35623009-1	2022	INTRODUCTION: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated chloride and bicarbonate secretion is integral to the pancreas" ability to produce the alkaline pancreatic juice required for proper activation of enzymes for digestion.	Chlorides	82-90	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	67-71
35623009-6	2022	Research-based CFTR diagnostics have been expanded, yet all current methods rely on measuring CFTR chloride transport in non-pancreatic cells/tissue.	Chlorides	99-107	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	94-98
35569794-1	2022	As a misfolding protein, almost all of F508del-CFTR is degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system before its maturation, which results in no membrane expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and therefore, no chloride secretion across epithelial cells of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients.	Chlorides	242-250	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	47-51
35608043-4	2022	Here, we have exploited this effect in the investigation of conformational differences in the molten globule states of cyt c induced by different sodium anions, namely sulfate, chloride and perchlorate.	Chlorides	177-185	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	119-124
35364521-1	2022	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multi-organ genetic disease caused by loss of function of CFTR, a cAMP-regulated chloride channel expressed in epithelial cells.	Chlorides	107-115	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	84-88
35364521-2	2022	In airway epithelia, CFTR-dependent chloride secretion is required to humidify mucosal surface and to allow efficient mucociliary clearance.	Chlorides	36-44	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	21-25
35453033-1	2022	Defects of the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein affect the homeostasis of chloride, bicarbonate, sodium, and water in the airway surface liquid, influencing the mucus composition and viscosity, which induces a severe condition of infection and inflammation along the whole life of CF patients.	Chlorides	113-121	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	15-71
35453033-1	2022	Defects of the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein affect the homeostasis of chloride, bicarbonate, sodium, and water in the airway surface liquid, influencing the mucus composition and viscosity, which induces a severe condition of infection and inflammation along the whole life of CF patients.	Chlorides	113-121	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	73-77
35446787-3	2022	Here, we showed that poor sweat chloride concentration responses and lung function improvements upon initiation of ETI were associated with elevated levels of active transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) in the upper airway.	Chlorides	32-40	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	166-198
35446787-3	2022	Here, we showed that poor sweat chloride concentration responses and lung function improvements upon initiation of ETI were associated with elevated levels of active transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) in the upper airway.	Chlorides	32-40	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	200-209
35624092-6	2022	This treatment increases the CFTR-mediated chloride current.	Chlorides	43-51	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	29-33
35149967-1	2022	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is due to a mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR), which leads to unusual water and chloride secretion across epithelial surfaces.	Chlorides	147-155	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	49-100
35149967-1	2022	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is due to a mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR), which leads to unusual water and chloride secretion across epithelial surfaces.	Chlorides	147-155	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	107-111
35537082-1	2022	To design nonlinear optical (NLO) materials, we focused on combinations of d10 metal cation (Cd2+)-based chloride and morpholine molecules to form organic-inorganic hybrids.	Chlorides	105-113	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	93-96
35608921-4	2022	SLC26A3 (originally named DRA, down-regulated in adenoma) is an anion exchanger of chloride, bicarbonate and oxalate thought to facilitate intestinal oxalate absorption, as evidenced by ~70% reduced urine oxalate excretion in knock-out mice.	Chlorides	83-91	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	0-7
35608921-4	2022	SLC26A3 (originally named DRA, down-regulated in adenoma) is an anion exchanger of chloride, bicarbonate and oxalate thought to facilitate intestinal oxalate absorption, as evidenced by ~70% reduced urine oxalate excretion in knock-out mice.	Chlorides	83-91	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	26-29
35608921-5	2022	We previously identified, by high-throughput screening and medicinal chemistry, a small molecule SLC26A3 inhibitor (DRAinh-A270) that selectively inhibited SLC26A3-mediated chloride/bicarbonate exchange (IC50 ~ 35 nM), and, as found here, oxalate/chloride exchange (IC50 ~ 60 nM).	Chlorides	173-181	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	97-104
35608921-5	2022	We previously identified, by high-throughput screening and medicinal chemistry, a small molecule SLC26A3 inhibitor (DRAinh-A270) that selectively inhibited SLC26A3-mediated chloride/bicarbonate exchange (IC50 ~ 35 nM), and, as found here, oxalate/chloride exchange (IC50 ~ 60 nM).	Chlorides	173-181	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	156-163
35608921-5	2022	We previously identified, by high-throughput screening and medicinal chemistry, a small molecule SLC26A3 inhibitor (DRAinh-A270) that selectively inhibited SLC26A3-mediated chloride/bicarbonate exchange (IC50 ~ 35 nM), and, as found here, oxalate/chloride exchange (IC50 ~ 60 nM).	Chlorides	247-255	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	97-104
35608921-5	2022	We previously identified, by high-throughput screening and medicinal chemistry, a small molecule SLC26A3 inhibitor (DRAinh-A270) that selectively inhibited SLC26A3-mediated chloride/bicarbonate exchange (IC50 ~ 35 nM), and, as found here, oxalate/chloride exchange (IC50 ~ 60 nM).	Chlorides	247-255	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	156-163
35523939-4	2022	In this study, we applied quantum computing to describe the PES of the bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reaction between chloromethane and chloride ions.	Chlorides	150-158	solute carrier family 38 member 5	Homo sapiens	110-113
35597714-2	2022	recently reported the molecular mechanism of chloride transport through a light-activated pumping rhodopsin, a key process involved in a range of cellular functions.	Chlorides	45-53	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	98-107
35532160-1	2022	The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) is an apical membrane chloride/bicarbonate ion channel in epithelial cells.	Chlorides	85-93	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Macaca mulatta	4-55
35532160-1	2022	The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) is an apical membrane chloride/bicarbonate ion channel in epithelial cells.	Chlorides	85-93	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Macaca mulatta	57-61
35563597-1	2022	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is highly expressed on the ocular epithelium and plays a pivotal role in the fluid secretion driven by chloride transport.	Chlorides	162-170	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	0-51
35563597-1	2022	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is highly expressed on the ocular epithelium and plays a pivotal role in the fluid secretion driven by chloride transport.	Chlorides	162-170	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	53-57
35563597-3	2022	In this study, a high-throughput screening was performed to identify novel CFTR activators capable of inducing chloride secretion on the ocular surface.	Chlorides	111-119	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	75-79
35529677-2	2022	We found that pharmacological inhibition of the acid loader chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger 2 (Ae2), with 4,4"-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulfonicacid (DIDS) enhancedCD4+ andCD8+ T cell function upon TCR activation in vitro, especially under low pH conditions.	Chlorides	60-68	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	81-98
35378081-1	2022	Caveolae membrane structures harbor mechanosensitive chloride channels (MCCs, including ClC-2, ClC-3, and SWELL1, also known as LRRC8A) which form a swelling-activated chloride current (ICl,swell) and play an important role in cell volume regulation and mechano-electrical signal transduction.	Chlorides	53-61	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	88-93
35378081-1	2022	Caveolae membrane structures harbor mechanosensitive chloride channels (MCCs, including ClC-2, ClC-3, and SWELL1, also known as LRRC8A) which form a swelling-activated chloride current (ICl,swell) and play an important role in cell volume regulation and mechano-electrical signal transduction.	Chlorides	53-61	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	95-100
35378081-1	2022	Caveolae membrane structures harbor mechanosensitive chloride channels (MCCs, including ClC-2, ClC-3, and SWELL1, also known as LRRC8A) which form a swelling-activated chloride current (ICl,swell) and play an important role in cell volume regulation and mechano-electrical signal transduction.	Chlorides	53-61	leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit A	Homo sapiens	106-112
35378081-1	2022	Caveolae membrane structures harbor mechanosensitive chloride channels (MCCs, including ClC-2, ClC-3, and SWELL1, also known as LRRC8A) which form a swelling-activated chloride current (ICl,swell) and play an important role in cell volume regulation and mechano-electrical signal transduction.	Chlorides	53-61	leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit A	Homo sapiens	128-134
35378081-1	2022	Caveolae membrane structures harbor mechanosensitive chloride channels (MCCs, including ClC-2, ClC-3, and SWELL1, also known as LRRC8A) which form a swelling-activated chloride current (ICl,swell) and play an important role in cell volume regulation and mechano-electrical signal transduction.	Chlorides	168-176	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	88-93
35378081-1	2022	Caveolae membrane structures harbor mechanosensitive chloride channels (MCCs, including ClC-2, ClC-3, and SWELL1, also known as LRRC8A) which form a swelling-activated chloride current (ICl,swell) and play an important role in cell volume regulation and mechano-electrical signal transduction.	Chlorides	168-176	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	95-100
35378081-1	2022	Caveolae membrane structures harbor mechanosensitive chloride channels (MCCs, including ClC-2, ClC-3, and SWELL1, also known as LRRC8A) which form a swelling-activated chloride current (ICl,swell) and play an important role in cell volume regulation and mechano-electrical signal transduction.	Chlorides	168-176	leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit A	Homo sapiens	106-112
35378081-1	2022	Caveolae membrane structures harbor mechanosensitive chloride channels (MCCs, including ClC-2, ClC-3, and SWELL1, also known as LRRC8A) which form a swelling-activated chloride current (ICl,swell) and play an important role in cell volume regulation and mechano-electrical signal transduction.	Chlorides	168-176	leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit A	Homo sapiens	128-134
35412656-8	2022	We show that ectoine decreases ERK phosphorylation, increases the half-life of rescued CFTR, and increases CFTR-mediated chloride transport in combination with the CFTR corrector VX-661.	Chlorides	121-129	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	107-111
35509038-1	2022	BACKGROUND: Gitelman Syndrome (GS) is a hereditary tubulopathy associated with a biallelic inactivating mutations of the SLC12A3 gene encoding the thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCCT).	Chlorides	173-181	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	121-128
35509038-1	2022	BACKGROUND: Gitelman Syndrome (GS) is a hereditary tubulopathy associated with a biallelic inactivating mutations of the SLC12A3 gene encoding the thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCCT).	Chlorides	173-181	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	197-201
35591852-0	2022	Genetic and Biological Effects of SLC12A3, a Sodium-Chloride Cotransporter, in Gitelman Syndrome and Diabetic Kidney Disease.	Chlorides	52-60	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Danio rerio	34-41
35316222-3	2022	We show that a small rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ((Ca2+)i) in pericytes activates chloride efflux through the Ca2+-gated anion channel TMEM16A, thus depolarizing the cell and opening voltage-gated calcium channels.	Chlorides	93-101	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	146-153
35202806-1	2022	The calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A (ANO1) supports the passive movement of chloride ions across membranes and controls critical cell functions.	Chlorides	87-95	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	39-46
35202806-1	2022	The calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A (ANO1) supports the passive movement of chloride ions across membranes and controls critical cell functions.	Chlorides	87-95	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
35184981-3	2022	This review shows how values from the simple and widely used sweat chloride test can be calibrated to provide more accurate estimates of CFTR activity as a percent of the average for healthy control (HC) subjects (hereafter "CFTR activity").	Chlorides	67-75	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	137-141
35184981-3	2022	This review shows how values from the simple and widely used sweat chloride test can be calibrated to provide more accurate estimates of CFTR activity as a percent of the average for healthy control (HC) subjects (hereafter "CFTR activity").	Chlorides	67-75	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	225-229
35184981-5	2022	Here, sweat chloride is calibrated to CFTR activity by plotting mean sweat chloride values, taken from numerous studies and the CFTR2 database against mean beta-sweat rates for CF, carriers and HC.	Chlorides	75-83	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	38-42
35184981-6	2022	The resulting inverse logarithmic relations indicate that sweat chloride values >=60 mmol/L occur when CFTR activity is below 1.2% -10% of HC.	Chlorides	64-72	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	103-107
35184981-9	2022	Sweat chloride values fall steeply for small increments of CFTR activity above zero-the most clinically relevant region.	Chlorides	6-14	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	59-63
35184981-13	2022	This review shows how values from the sweat chloride test can be calibrated to provide accurate estimates of CFTR activity as a percent of the average for healthy control (HC) subjects.	Chlorides	44-52	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	109-113
35184981-16	2022	The resulting logarithmic relations indicate that CF sweat chloride values occur when CFTR activity is below 1.2% -10% of HC, and that large health benefits can be achieved by restoring low levels of CFTR activity if this is done early.	Chlorides	59-67	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	86-90
35245523-8	2022	In contrast, angiotensin II decreased the expression (64-97% reduction in band density) of sodium-hydrogen exchanger-3 (NHE3), NHE regulatory factor-1 (NHERF1, Slc9a3r1), sodium-potassium-2-chloride cotransporter (NKCC2), and epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) beta- and gamma- subunits in the renal cortex of both WT and PPAR-alpha KO mice, with no difference between genotypes.	Chlorides	190-198	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	120-124
35529677-2	2022	We found that pharmacological inhibition of the acid loader chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger 2 (Ae2), with 4,4"-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulfonicacid (DIDS) enhancedCD4+ andCD8+ T cell function upon TCR activation in vitro, especially under low pH conditions.	Chlorides	60-68	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2	Mus musculus	100-103
35448033-2	2022	NKCC1, encoded by the SLC12A2 gene, regulates neuronal Cl- homeostasis by chloride import working opposite KCC2.	Chlorides	74-82	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
35471184-2	2022	Here, we characterized the structural and functional defects of the rare CFTR mutation R352Q - with potential role contributing to intrapore chloride ion permeation - in patient-derived cell models of the airway and gut.	Chlorides	141-149	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	73-77
35471184-7	2022	Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of R352Q-CFTR were carried out which indicated the presence of a chloride conductance defect, with little evidence supporting a gating defect.	Chlorides	101-109	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	45-49
35213685-6	2022	Prominent among PMN defense systems is their ability to generate hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a potent microbicide, by reacting oxidants generated by the NADPH oxidase with myeloperoxidase (MPO) released from azurophilic granules in the presence of chloride (Cl-).	Chlorides	246-254	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	170-185
35213685-6	2022	Prominent among PMN defense systems is their ability to generate hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a potent microbicide, by reacting oxidants generated by the NADPH oxidase with myeloperoxidase (MPO) released from azurophilic granules in the presence of chloride (Cl-).	Chlorides	246-254	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	187-190
35498125-0	2022	Attenuation of ROS/Chloride Efflux-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Contributes to Alleviation of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Rats after Sleeve Gastrectomy.	Chlorides	19-27	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Rattus norvegicus	44-49
35448033-2	2022	NKCC1, encoded by the SLC12A2 gene, regulates neuronal Cl- homeostasis by chloride import working opposite KCC2.	Chlorides	74-82	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	22-29
35448033-2	2022	NKCC1, encoded by the SLC12A2 gene, regulates neuronal Cl- homeostasis by chloride import working opposite KCC2.	Chlorides	74-82	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	107-111
35171697-6	2022	Although the precise mechanisms of NLRP3 activation and regulation by these diverse agonists remain unclear, multiple reports indicate that all NLRP3 agonists ultimately lead to a drop in intracellular concentration of potassium (K+ efflux) and chloride (Cl- efflux).	Chlorides	245-253	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	35-40
35455747-4	2022	This technique, which allows separate measurement of CFTR-dependent chloride or bicarbonate transport, was used to assess the effect of ELX/TEZ/IVA on two rare CFTR variants.	Chlorides	68-76	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	53-57
35455747-9	2022	RESULTS: ELX/TEZ/IVA markedly enhanced CFTR-mediated bicarbonate and chloride transport across intestinal epithelium of both patients.	Chlorides	69-77	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	39-43
35457146-3	2022	Evidence suggests that the activation of 5" AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibits cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated chloride secretion, leading to reduced progression of PKD.	Chlorides	157-165	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	44-72
35457146-3	2022	Evidence suggests that the activation of 5" AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibits cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated chloride secretion, leading to reduced progression of PKD.	Chlorides	157-165	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	74-78
35457146-3	2022	Evidence suggests that the activation of 5" AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibits cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated chloride secretion, leading to reduced progression of PKD.	Chlorides	157-165	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	89-140
35457146-3	2022	Evidence suggests that the activation of 5" AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibits cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated chloride secretion, leading to reduced progression of PKD.	Chlorides	157-165	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	142-146
35457146-4	2022	Here we investigated the pharmacological effects of panduratin A, a bioactive compound known as an AMPK activator, on CFTR-mediated chloride secretion and renal cyst development using in vitro and animal models of PKD.	Chlorides	132-140	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	118-122
35413967-5	2022	Using nasal potential difference measurement, we showed that in vivo administration of c407 by topical, short-term intraperitoneal and long-term subcutaneous route significantly increased the CFTR dependent chloride (Cl-) conductance in F508del Cftrtm1Eur mice.	Chlorides	207-215	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	192-196
35458638-4	2022	NKCC1 and KCC2 regulate intracellular chloride (Cl-)i by accumulating and extruding Cl-, respectively.	Chlorides	38-46	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	0-5
35458638-4	2022	NKCC1 and KCC2 regulate intracellular chloride (Cl-)i by accumulating and extruding Cl-, respectively.	Chlorides	38-46	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	10-14
35176335-2	2022	The chloride anions form NH   Cl- hydrogen bonds in BCl-4ABA and OH   Cl- hydrogen bonds in BCl-4HBA.	Chlorides	4-12	BCL3 transcription coactivator	Homo sapiens	52-57
35241492-1	2022	ClC-3, ClC-4, and ClC-5 are electrogenic chloride/proton exchangers that can be found in endosomal compartments of mammalian cells.	Chlorides	41-49	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	0-5
35241492-1	2022	ClC-3, ClC-4, and ClC-5 are electrogenic chloride/proton exchangers that can be found in endosomal compartments of mammalian cells.	Chlorides	41-49	chloride voltage-gated channel 4	Homo sapiens	7-12
35241492-1	2022	ClC-3, ClC-4, and ClC-5 are electrogenic chloride/proton exchangers that can be found in endosomal compartments of mammalian cells.	Chlorides	41-49	chloride voltage-gated channel 5	Homo sapiens	18-23
35021019-7	2022	In vitro and in vivo, P2X7R expression is regulated by CFTR function and intracellular chloride (Cl-) levels.	Chlorides	87-95	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	22-27
35171697-6	2022	Although the precise mechanisms of NLRP3 activation and regulation by these diverse agonists remain unclear, multiple reports indicate that all NLRP3 agonists ultimately lead to a drop in intracellular concentration of potassium (K+ efflux) and chloride (Cl- efflux).	Chlorides	245-253	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	144-149
35100665-9	2022	We have previously shown that infection with Salmonella caused decreased colonic expression of the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger SLC26A3 (Down-Regulated in Adenoma; DRA) in a mouse model.	Chlorides	99-107	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	130-137
35144478-0	2022	Low Chloride-Regulated ClC-5 Contributes to Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Cerebrovascular Remodeling.	Chlorides	4-12	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 5	Mus musculus	23-28
35149380-6	2022	We review cys-loop ligand gated ion channels (LGICs), including nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), acetylcholine-chloride gated ion channels (ACCs), glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCls), and GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) receptors, and other ionotropic receptors (transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and potassium ion channels).	Chlorides	122-130	1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase homolog (inactive)	Homo sapiens	151-155
35433778-5	2022	Further, we highlighted the roles of one chloride ion exchanger gene sulp-6 in the survival of C. elegans and other two chloride ion channel genes clh-1 and clh-4 in the prolonged lifespan by PA-feeding through the modulating expression of genes involved in inflammation.	Chlorides	41-49	STAS domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	69-75
35167492-0	2022	Ataxia-linked SLC1A3 mutations alter EAAT1 chloride channel activity and glial regulation of CNS function.	Chlorides	43-51	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Homo sapiens	14-20
35167492-0	2022	Ataxia-linked SLC1A3 mutations alter EAAT1 chloride channel activity and glial regulation of CNS function.	Chlorides	43-51	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Homo sapiens	37-42
35100665-9	2022	We have previously shown that infection with Salmonella caused decreased colonic expression of the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger SLC26A3 (Down-Regulated in Adenoma; DRA) in a mouse model.	Chlorides	99-107	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	166-169
35210618-5	2022	We showed that a DUBTAC consisting of our EN523 OTUB1 recruiter linked to lumacaftor, a drug used to treat cystic fibrosis that binds DeltaF508-cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), robustly stabilized DeltaF508-CFTR protein levels, leading to improved chloride channel conductance in human cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cells.	Chlorides	275-283	OTU deubiquitinase, ubiquitin aldehyde binding 1	Homo sapiens	48-53
35210618-5	2022	We showed that a DUBTAC consisting of our EN523 OTUB1 recruiter linked to lumacaftor, a drug used to treat cystic fibrosis that binds DeltaF508-cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), robustly stabilized DeltaF508-CFTR protein levels, leading to improved chloride channel conductance in human cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cells.	Chlorides	275-283	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	143-195
35210618-5	2022	We showed that a DUBTAC consisting of our EN523 OTUB1 recruiter linked to lumacaftor, a drug used to treat cystic fibrosis that binds DeltaF508-cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), robustly stabilized DeltaF508-CFTR protein levels, leading to improved chloride channel conductance in human cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cells.	Chlorides	275-283	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	197-201
35210618-5	2022	We showed that a DUBTAC consisting of our EN523 OTUB1 recruiter linked to lumacaftor, a drug used to treat cystic fibrosis that binds DeltaF508-cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), robustly stabilized DeltaF508-CFTR protein levels, leading to improved chloride channel conductance in human cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cells.	Chlorides	275-283	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	234-238
35401174-0	2022	Three-Day Continuous Oxytocin Infusion Attenuates Thermal and Mechanical Nociception by Rescuing Neuronal Chloride Homeostasis via Upregulation KCC2 Expression and Function.	Chlorides	106-114	oxytocin	Mus musculus	21-29
35339342-9	2022	The subnormal phase in mice was converted to supernormality by blocking ClC-1 chloride channels, suggesting relatively higher chloride conductance in skeletal muscle.	Chlorides	126-134	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 1	Mus musculus	72-77
35401174-0	2022	Three-Day Continuous Oxytocin Infusion Attenuates Thermal and Mechanical Nociception by Rescuing Neuronal Chloride Homeostasis via Upregulation KCC2 Expression and Function.	Chlorides	106-114	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	144-148
35192345-0	2022	Microscopic Characterization of the Chloride Permeation Pathway in the Human Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 (EAAT1).	Chlorides	36-44	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Homo sapiens	77-112
35408875-4	2022	Several studies have demonstrated the vast improvement CFTR modulators have on normalization of sweat chloride, CFTR function, clinical endpoints, and frequency of pulmonary exacerbation.	Chlorides	102-110	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	55-59
35315358-1	2022	The chloride channel dysfunction caused by deleterious cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) variants generally correlates with severity of cystic fibrosis (CF).	Chlorides	4-12	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	55-106
35315358-1	2022	The chloride channel dysfunction caused by deleterious cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) variants generally correlates with severity of cystic fibrosis (CF).	Chlorides	4-12	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	108-112
35315358-2	2022	However, 3 adults bearing the common severe variant p.Phe508del (legacy: F508del) and a deletion variant in an ivacaftor binding region of CFTR (p.Phe312del; legacy: F312del) manifested only elevated sweat chloride concentration (sw(Cl-); 87-105 mEq/L).	Chlorides	206-214	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	139-143
35315358-5	2022	In primary nasal cells, CFTR bearing F312del and F508del generated substantial chloride transport (66.0% +- 4.5% of WT-CFTR) but did not respond to ivacaftor.	Chlorides	79-87	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	24-28
35315358-5	2022	In primary nasal cells, CFTR bearing F312del and F508del generated substantial chloride transport (66.0% +- 4.5% of WT-CFTR) but did not respond to ivacaftor.	Chlorides	79-87	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	119-123
35085411-3	2022	Here we disclose an efficient new nickel-catalyzed protocol for the C-N cross-coupling of amides and 2"-(pseudo)halide-substituted acetophenones, for the first time where the (pseudo)halide is chloride or sulfonate, which makes use of the commercial bisphosphine ligand PAd2-DalPhos ( L4 ) in combination with an organic amine base/halide scavenger, leading to 4-quinolones.	Chlorides	193-201	peptidyl arginine deiminase 2	Homo sapiens	270-274
35192345-0	2022	Microscopic Characterization of the Chloride Permeation Pathway in the Human Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 (EAAT1).	Chlorides	36-44	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Homo sapiens	114-119
35328418-4	2022	Some studies report localization near tight junctions, which is difficult to reconcile with a chloride secretory function of SLC26A9.	Chlorides	94-102	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	125-132
34982651-5	2022	Recent evidence suggests considerable similarities between COPD and cystic fibrosis (CF), a disease in which chloride ion channel dysfunction has been extensively studied (in particular, CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)).	Chlorides	109-117	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	187-225
34982651-5	2022	Recent evidence suggests considerable similarities between COPD and cystic fibrosis (CF), a disease in which chloride ion channel dysfunction has been extensively studied (in particular, CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)).	Chlorides	109-117	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	227-231
34990652-6	2022	Further hit validation revealed that siRNAs targeting two GPCRs - ADRA2C and CXCR3 - increased TMEM16A-mediated chloride secretion in human airway cells, while their overexpression strongly diminished calcium-activated chloride currents in the same cell model.	Chlorides	112-120	adrenoceptor alpha 2C	Homo sapiens	66-72
34990652-6	2022	Further hit validation revealed that siRNAs targeting two GPCRs - ADRA2C and CXCR3 - increased TMEM16A-mediated chloride secretion in human airway cells, while their overexpression strongly diminished calcium-activated chloride currents in the same cell model.	Chlorides	112-120	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3	Homo sapiens	77-82
34990652-6	2022	Further hit validation revealed that siRNAs targeting two GPCRs - ADRA2C and CXCR3 - increased TMEM16A-mediated chloride secretion in human airway cells, while their overexpression strongly diminished calcium-activated chloride currents in the same cell model.	Chlorides	112-120	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	95-102
34990652-6	2022	Further hit validation revealed that siRNAs targeting two GPCRs - ADRA2C and CXCR3 - increased TMEM16A-mediated chloride secretion in human airway cells, while their overexpression strongly diminished calcium-activated chloride currents in the same cell model.	Chlorides	219-227	adrenoceptor alpha 2C	Homo sapiens	66-72
34990652-6	2022	Further hit validation revealed that siRNAs targeting two GPCRs - ADRA2C and CXCR3 - increased TMEM16A-mediated chloride secretion in human airway cells, while their overexpression strongly diminished calcium-activated chloride currents in the same cell model.	Chlorides	219-227	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3	Homo sapiens	77-82
34990652-7	2022	The knockdown, and likely also the inhibition, of these two TMEM16A modulators is therefore an attractive potential therapeutic strategy to increase chloride secretion in CF.	Chlorides	149-157	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	60-67
35328418-10	2022	Both CFTR and SLC26A9 contribute to basal chloride currents in non-stimulated BCi-NS1 airway epithelia, with CFTR being the dominating Cl- conductance.	Chlorides	42-50	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	14-21
35328418-12	2022	Membrane localization of SLC26A9 and basal chloride currents were augmented by interleukin 13 in wild-type CFTR-expressing cells, but not in cells expressing the most common disease-causing mutant F508del-CFTR.	Chlorides	43-51	interleukin 13	Homo sapiens	79-93
35328418-13	2022	The data suggest an upregulation of SLC26A9-dependent chloride secretion in asthma, but not in the presence of F508del-CFTR.	Chlorides	54-62	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	36-43
35438288-3	2022	Mefenamic acid which belongs to fenamate group inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome by inhibiting efflux of chloride ions and influx of calcium ions through blocking VRAC and TRPM2 respectively.	Chlorides	103-111	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	60-65
35227018-4	2022	In the airways, pendrin and CFTR seems to be involved in alkalinization of the apical fluid via bicarbonate secretion, especially during inflammation, while CFTR also controls the volume of the apical fluid via a cAMP-dependent chloride secretion, which is stimulated by pendrin.	Chlorides	228-236	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	157-161
35269829-1	2022	The multi-organ disease cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, a cAMP regulated chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) ion channel expressed at the apical plasma membrane (PM) of epithelial cells.	Chlorides	165-173	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	93-131
35269829-1	2022	The multi-organ disease cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, a cAMP regulated chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) ion channel expressed at the apical plasma membrane (PM) of epithelial cells.	Chlorides	165-173	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	133-137
35264969-7	2022	The addition of chloride to the meta position of this benzene moiety could restore only the inhibitory effect on ENT1 but had no effect on ENT2.	Chlorides	16-24	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	113-117
35296085-7	2022	Bioelectric studies showed no differences in basal ion transport properties, ENaC-mediated sodium absorption, or CFTR-mediated chloride transport, but detected decreased calcium-activated TMEM16A-mediated chloride secretory responses in cultures from children vs. elderly people.	Chlorides	205-213	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	188-195
35444351-2	2022	This difference in action depends on the intracellular chloride ion concentration, primarily regulated by potassium chloride co-transporter2 (KCC2).	Chlorides	55-63	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	142-146
35227018-3	2022	While pendrin drives chloride reabsorption and bicarbonate, thiocyanate or iodide secretion within the apical compartment, CFTR represents a pathway for the apical efflux of chloride, bicarbonate, and possibly iodide.	Chlorides	21-29	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	6-13
35227018-3	2022	While pendrin drives chloride reabsorption and bicarbonate, thiocyanate or iodide secretion within the apical compartment, CFTR represents a pathway for the apical efflux of chloride, bicarbonate, and possibly iodide.	Chlorides	174-182	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	123-127
35227018-4	2022	In the airways, pendrin and CFTR seems to be involved in alkalinization of the apical fluid via bicarbonate secretion, especially during inflammation, while CFTR also controls the volume of the apical fluid via a cAMP-dependent chloride secretion, which is stimulated by pendrin.	Chlorides	228-236	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	271-278
35227018-4	2022	In the airways, pendrin and CFTR seems to be involved in alkalinization of the apical fluid via bicarbonate secretion, especially during inflammation, while CFTR also controls the volume of the apical fluid via a cAMP-dependent chloride secretion, which is stimulated by pendrin.	Chlorides	228-236	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	16-23
35227018-4	2022	In the airways, pendrin and CFTR seems to be involved in alkalinization of the apical fluid via bicarbonate secretion, especially during inflammation, while CFTR also controls the volume of the apical fluid via a cAMP-dependent chloride secretion, which is stimulated by pendrin.	Chlorides	228-236	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	28-32
35227018-6	2022	Bicarbonate secretion occurs via pendrin, which also drives chloride reabsorption.	Chlorides	60-68	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	33-40
35227018-8	2022	Whether CFTR stimulates pendrin via a direct molecular interaction or other mechanisms, or simply provides a pathway for chloride recycling across the apical membrane remains to be established.	Chlorides	121-129	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	8-12
35252186-3	2022	Mechanismly, manoalide inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome activation by acting downstream of potassium efflux, chloride efflux and mitochondrial dysfunction.	Chlorides	109-117	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	37-42
35372746-4	2022	This study documents weekly sodium and chloride concentrations in municipal tap water from three municipalities within the Philadelphia metropolitan area during winter 2018-2019 (November through March).	Chlorides	39-47	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	76-79
35185464-2	2021	The neuronal K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 lowers the intraneuronal chloride concentration and thus plays an important role for GABA signaling.	Chlorides	62-70	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	32-36
35113855-4	2022	Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ACE, ADRB1, and SLC12A3 associated (P < 5.0 x 10-8) with systolic blood pressure (SBP) in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were used to proxy inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), beta-1 adrenergic receptor (ADRB1), and sodium-chloride symporter (NCC), respectively.	Chlorides	288-296	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	42-45
35163774-2	2022	Its distinctive features are the unique exclusion domain which enables the eponymous activity and homotetramerization of DPPI, and its dependence on chloride ions for enzymatic activity.	Chlorides	149-157	cathepsin C	Homo sapiens	121-125
35163774-7	2022	The amino acid residues that bind the chloride ion are highly conserved in all species, indicating that the dependence on chloride ions for activity is an evolutionarily conserved feature of DPPI.	Chlorides	38-46	cathepsin C	Homo sapiens	191-195
35163774-7	2022	The amino acid residues that bind the chloride ion are highly conserved in all species, indicating that the dependence on chloride ions for activity is an evolutionarily conserved feature of DPPI.	Chlorides	122-130	cathepsin C	Homo sapiens	191-195
35156780-1	2022	Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) is a chloride and bicarbonate channel in secretory epithelia with a critical role in maintaining fluid homeostasis.	Chlorides	64-72	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-51
34994231-4	2022	The chloride ratio (RCl) demonstrated circadian rhythmicity in AVP + neurons and VIP + neurons, but was not detected in GFAP + astrocytes.	Chlorides	4-12	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	63-66
34994231-4	2022	The chloride ratio (RCl) demonstrated circadian rhythmicity in AVP + neurons and VIP + neurons, but was not detected in GFAP + astrocytes.	Chlorides	4-12	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	81-84
35156780-1	2022	Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) is a chloride and bicarbonate channel in secretory epithelia with a critical role in maintaining fluid homeostasis.	Chlorides	64-72	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	53-57
35163362-7	2022	In the sweat test, the most frequently used in vivo evaluation of CFTR function, chloride concentration or stimulated sweat rate can be directly measured.	Chlorides	81-89	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	66-70
35022426-7	2022	Mutation of prestin"s chloride binding site removes salicylate competition with anions while retaining the prestin characteristic displacement currents (Nonlinear Capacitance), undermining the extrinsic voltage sensor hypothesis for prestin function.	Chlorides	22-30	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	12-19
35164193-7	2022	In this work, silica-based supported ionic liquid-like phase (SSILLP) materials with quaternary ammoniums and chloride as the counterion were studied as novel supports for ASNase immobilization since it has been reported that ammonium ILs have beneficial effects on enzyme stability.	Chlorides	110-118	asparaginase and isoaspartyl peptidase 1	Homo sapiens	172-178
35017301-10	2022	The splice-switching ASO cocktail increases the CFTR-mediated chloride current in human bronchial epithelial cells.	Chlorides	62-70	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	48-52
35159205-2	2022	The control of (Cl-)i levels is mediated by the chloride cotransporters NKCC1 and KCC2, the former usually importing chloride and the latter exporting it.	Chlorides	117-125	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	72-77
35159205-2	2022	The control of (Cl-)i levels is mediated by the chloride cotransporters NKCC1 and KCC2, the former usually importing chloride and the latter exporting it.	Chlorides	117-125	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	82-86
35159205-3	2022	The GABA polarity shift has been extensively validated in several experimental conditions using often the NKCC1 chloride importer antagonist bumetanide.	Chlorides	112-120	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	106-111
35022426-7	2022	Mutation of prestin"s chloride binding site removes salicylate competition with anions while retaining the prestin characteristic displacement currents (Nonlinear Capacitance), undermining the extrinsic voltage sensor hypothesis for prestin function.	Chlorides	22-30	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	107-114
35230892-1	2022	Genetic defects in SLC26A3 (DRA), an intestinal Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, result in congenital chloride diarrhea (CLD), marked by lifelong acidic diarrhea and a high risk of inflammatory bowel disease.	Chlorides	90-98	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	19-26
35230892-1	2022	Genetic defects in SLC26A3 (DRA), an intestinal Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, result in congenital chloride diarrhea (CLD), marked by lifelong acidic diarrhea and a high risk of inflammatory bowel disease.	Chlorides	90-98	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	28-31
2575438-0	1989	MIF-1 and Tyr-MIF-1 augment muscimol-stimulated chloride uptake in cerebral cortex.	Chlorides	48-56	predicted gene 4924	Mus musculus	0-5
2532691-7	1989	In the hANP only experiment, in both groups hANP resulted in increased urinary volume and both sodium and chloride excretion (P less than 0.05 vs placebo only experiment).	Chlorides	106-114	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	44-48
35466629-11	2022	CONCLUSIONS: Serum visfatin significantly decreased the sodium and chloride levels whereas the levels of potassium remained unaffected.	Chlorides	67-75	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	19-27
2558573-4	1989	CT, on the other hand, did not affect the diastolic blood pressure, but the stimulation of diuresis and of the FE of sodium and chloride was more pronounced with CT than with CGRP (P less than 0.01).	Chlorides	128-136	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	175-179
2575438-3	1989	In mice treated with either MIF-1 or Tyr-MIF-1 (1 mg/kg IP), maximal chloride uptake in cortex was increased compared with controls.	Chlorides	69-77	predicted gene 4924	Mus musculus	28-33
2575438-3	1989	In mice treated with either MIF-1 or Tyr-MIF-1 (1 mg/kg IP), maximal chloride uptake in cortex was increased compared with controls.	Chlorides	69-77	predicted gene 4924	Mus musculus	41-46
2575438-0	1989	MIF-1 and Tyr-MIF-1 augment muscimol-stimulated chloride uptake in cerebral cortex.	Chlorides	48-56	predicted gene 4924	Mus musculus	14-19
2479576-5	1989	These results suggest that, upon release of the chloride-insensitive manganese from photosystem II membranes, a conformational change occurs which leads to the exposure of 360Pro(-391)Ser on CPa-1 to the monoclonal antibody FAC2.	Chlorides	48-56	carboxypeptidase A1	Homo sapiens	191-196
2686841-3	1989	Expression of AE3 cDNA in COS cells leads to chronic cytoplasmic acidification and to chloride- and bicarbonate-dependent changes in intracellular pH, confirming that this gene product is an anion exchanger.	Chlorides	86-94	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Homo sapiens	14-17
2479142-1	1989	Calcium (Ca2+)-dependent channels may be classified in three broad categories, which are, respectively, selective for potassium ions, for chloride ions, and for monovalent cations.	Chlorides	138-146	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	9-12
2608084-1	1989	Taurine reduces the excitability of striated muscle fibers by increasing the membrane conductance to chloride ions (GCl).	Chlorides	101-109	germ cell-less 1, spermatogenesis associated	Rattus norvegicus	116-119
2594939-3	1989	However, replacing extracellular chloride with gluconate, such that the final bath chloride concentration was less than 20 mM, caused a marked alkalinization of pHi to a new steady-state value.	Chlorides	33-41	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	161-164
2594939-3	1989	However, replacing extracellular chloride with gluconate, such that the final bath chloride concentration was less than 20 mM, caused a marked alkalinization of pHi to a new steady-state value.	Chlorides	83-91	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	161-164
2597284-1	1989	In isolated normal rat jejunum, platelet-activating factor (PAF) induced a dose-dependent increase in short-circuit current (Isc) that was reduced in chloride-free buffer and inhibited by the Cl- channel blocker, diphenylamine-2-carboxylate.	Chlorides	150-158	PCNA clamp associated factor	Rattus norvegicus	32-58
2597284-1	1989	In isolated normal rat jejunum, platelet-activating factor (PAF) induced a dose-dependent increase in short-circuit current (Isc) that was reduced in chloride-free buffer and inhibited by the Cl- channel blocker, diphenylamine-2-carboxylate.	Chlorides	150-158	PCNA clamp associated factor	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
2551273-0	1989	Evidence for a single active site in the human angiotensin I-converting enzyme from inhibitor binding studies with [3H] RU 44 403: role of chloride.	Chlorides	139-147	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	47-78
2560161-0	1989	Chloride current activated by cyclic AMP and parathyroid hormone in rat osteoblasts.	Chlorides	0-8	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	45-64
2795208-1	1989	Tracer amounts of [59Fe++]citrate, [111In+++]chloride, and [68Ga+++]chloride were complexed with autologous plasma transferrin.	Chlorides	45-53	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	115-126
2681965-6	1989	To this end, increased excretion of sodium and chloride, and stimulation of urinary flow are less pronounced with CGRP than with calcitonin.	Chlorides	47-55	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	114-118
2474434-11	1989	Exchange of incubation medium chloride for gluconate or a reduction in the osmotic strength of the medium reduced both basal and secretagogue-stimulated ACTH secretion.	Chlorides	30-38	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	153-157
2554881-9	1989	Hydrolysis of [Leu15]gastrin-(14-17)-peptide [Boc (t-butoxycarbonyl)-Trp-Leu-Asp-Phe-NH2] in the presence of ACE was found to be dependent on the chloride-ion concentration.	Chlorides	146-154	gastrin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	21-28
2554881-9	1989	Hydrolysis of [Leu15]gastrin-(14-17)-peptide [Boc (t-butoxycarbonyl)-Trp-Leu-Asp-Phe-NH2] in the presence of ACE was found to be dependent on the chloride-ion concentration.	Chlorides	146-154	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Oryctolagus cuniculus	109-112
2509219-0	1989	Suppression of GABA-induced chloride current by 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2).	Chlorides	28-36	polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel	Mus musculus	89-96
2509219-1	1989	The effect of a convulsive agent, 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2), on the GABA-induced chloride current (ICl) in dissociated mouse sensory neurons was investigated using the whole cell clamp method.	Chlorides	105-113	polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel	Mus musculus	75-82
2681965-6	1989	To this end, increased excretion of sodium and chloride, and stimulation of urinary flow are less pronounced with CGRP than with calcitonin.	Chlorides	47-55	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
2472006-3	1989	In normal intact cells, activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol ester either stimulated or inhibited chloride secretion, depending on the physiological status of the cell.	Chlorides	109-117	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	38-54
2546797-3	1989	This ratio was determined to be 1.2 for both the myeloperoxidase/H2O2/chloride system and the related compound NH2Cl.	Chlorides	70-78	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	49-64
2503683-1	1989	Tolrestat, and aldose-reductase inhibitor, was shown to be a rapid and potent inhibitor of chloride exchange on the band 3 protein of human erythrocytes.	Chlorides	91-99	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B	Homo sapiens	15-31
2481727-3	1989	Another muscle-specific ion channel, responsible for chloride conductance, was shown to be expressed in an anticoordinate fashion to AChR.	Chlorides	53-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	133-137
2481727-28	1989	Chloride affects the expression of AChR indirectly, by altering the activity of muscle cells.	Chlorides	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
2472006-3	1989	In normal intact cells, activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol ester either stimulated or inhibited chloride secretion, depending on the physiological status of the cell.	Chlorides	109-117	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	56-59
2666829-10	1989	The large variety of functions of PRL, in particular the regulation of the transport of sodium and chloride across epithelial membranes, and the regulation of mucus production, can be matched to the major disease symptomatology.	Chlorides	99-107	prolactin	Homo sapiens	34-37
2765530-4	1989	The first is essentially the same as that which occurs in the presence of chloride: HRhv----HRK----HRKL----HRL----HRO----HR.	Chlorides	74-82	harakiri, BCL2 interacting protein	Homo sapiens	92-95
2765535-3	1989	The results indicate that the beta 2-histidyl residues are strong binding sites for chloride and inorganic phosphate ions in hemoglobin.	Chlorides	84-92	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	30-36
2477014-0	1989	Characterization of neuropeptide-induced membrane chloride currents in Xenopus oocytes primed with exogenous mRNA.	Chlorides	50-58	urocortin 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	20-32
2524397-3	1989	ANF-induced increases in sodium, chloride and volume excretion were higher, whereas changes in potassium excretion were lower in homozygous, as compared to heterozygous rats.	Chlorides	33-41	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
2631445-1	1989	Using histochemical methods the activity was determined of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase in 89 men exposed to mercury vapours during chloride production by means of mercury electrolysis.	Chlorides	143-151	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	80-98
2650739-1	1989	The ionic strength dependence of the reaction rate between protein and dichloride anion radical has been investigated by flash photolysis of aqueous chloride-containing lysozyme, ribonuclease A, or insulin.	Chlorides	73-81	insulin	Homo sapiens	198-205
2702888-4	1989	The effect of serosal addition of SMS 201-995 on in vitro short-circuit current responses in rat intestine is dependent upon chloride and more marked in colon and ileum than jejunum.	Chlorides	125-133	spermine synthase	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
2668802-1	1989	N-Acetylated, alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) is a chloride-activated, membrane bound, metallopeptidase that cleaves the endogenous neuropeptide N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG) in vitro.	Chlorides	63-71	folate hydrolase 1B (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	0-45
2668802-1	1989	N-Acetylated, alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) is a chloride-activated, membrane bound, metallopeptidase that cleaves the endogenous neuropeptide N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG) in vitro.	Chlorides	63-71	folate hydrolase 1B (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	47-56
2539741-2	1989	In 36Cl-loaded cells, VIP and DMPGE2 within 1 min decreased cellular chloride content 35-40%, with half-maximal effects being elicited at 1.0 and 85 nM concentration, respectively.	Chlorides	69-77	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	22-25
2536234-5	1989	Bradykinin stimulates chloride ion secretion by the guinea pig and rabbit ileum, rabbit colon, rat colon and monolayers of human HCA-7 cells.	Chlorides	22-30	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
2784056-5	1989	Also acute renal hCGRP induced effects were observed, as a significant increase in urinary volume and in the urinary calcium, sodium, potassium, and chloride excretion.	Chlorides	149-157	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	17-22
2676073-6	1989	Reagents such as chloride and phenol govern the conformations present in the insulin hexamers and this can influence the behaviour and properties of insulin preparations employing them.	Chlorides	17-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
2676073-6	1989	Reagents such as chloride and phenol govern the conformations present in the insulin hexamers and this can influence the behaviour and properties of insulin preparations employing them.	Chlorides	17-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	149-156
2539907-0	1989	Comparative effects of catecholamines, angiotensin II and antidiuretic hormone on chloride transport in toad skin.	Chlorides	82-90	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	58-78
2467962-3	1989	Agonist-induced increases in [Ca]i caused the rapid net loss of up to 50-60% of the total content of intracellular chloride (Cli) and potassium (Ki), which is consistent with the activation of calcium-sensitive chloride and potassium channels.	Chlorides	115-123	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
2568418-4	1989	Some auranofin analogues having chloride or nitrate leaving groups that inhibit DNA polymerase-alpha were found to be potent inhibitors of IL-1 induced resorption.	Chlorides	32-40	DNA polymerase alpha 1, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	80-100
2497021-0	1989	Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) evokes chloride secretion via cholinergic pathways in the guinea-pig ileum.	Chlorides	43-51	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Cavia porcellus	0-29
2497021-0	1989	Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) evokes chloride secretion via cholinergic pathways in the guinea-pig ileum.	Chlorides	43-51	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Cavia porcellus	31-34
2558510-4	1989	All ACE peaks were inhibited by addition of EDTA or captopril and by absence of chloride ion completely.	Chlorides	80-88	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	4-7
2904771-7	1988	Interestingly, IAP pretreatment alone caused increased urine flow rate and enhanced excretion of sodium and chloride without affecting potassium excretion or renal hemodynamics in vitro.	Chlorides	108-116	Cd47 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
2533973-5	1989	In healthy volunteers, however, the same dose of ANF increased urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride and phosphorus as well as water, and creatinine clearances, and decreased plasma aldosterone.	Chlorides	112-120	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	49-52
2854018-7	1988	ANP produced large increases in urine volume, urinary sodium and chloride excretion, and further decreased plasma potassium concentration in the ACTH-treated sheep.	Chlorides	65-73	natriuretic peptides A	Ovis aries	0-3
3254412-10	1988	Chloride fluxes estimated from initial rates of change in aiCl when external Cl- was removed were too high to be accounted for by electrodiffusion.	Chlorides	0-8	C-type lectin domain family 2 member B	Homo sapiens	58-62
2927254-1	1989	The binding of iron to transferrin was studied by loading iron (III) onto apotransferrin in a chloride and a nitrilotriacetate form.	Chlorides	94-102	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
2787038-3	1989	The effects of CGRP were nearly abolished in chloride-free solutions or after treatment with furosemide.	Chlorides	45-53	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	15-19
2787038-5	1989	CGRP enhanced neurally evoked chloride secretion both in whole thickness and submucosa/mucosa preparations, but the effect in the latter was considerably smaller.	Chlorides	30-38	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	0-4
2787038-6	1989	These observations suggest that CGRP stimulates chloride secretion primarily by activating myenteric neurons that project either to submucosal ganglia or to the mucosa of the guinea pig distal colon.	Chlorides	48-56	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	32-36
3059825-0	1988	Insulin increases loop segment chloride reabsorption in the euglycemic rat.	Chlorides	31-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
3059825-4	1988	Early distal chloride delivery decreased (P less than 0.001) during insulin administration.	Chlorides	13-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
3059825-5	1988	Insulin infusion increased calculated loop chloride reabsorption compared with both base-line values and values for time-control rats.	Chlorides	43-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
3059825-7	1988	We conclude that 1) euglycemic insulin administration reduces urinary chloride excretion in volume-expanded rats by tubular mechanisms; 2) in superficial nephrons, insulin has no effect on proximal tubule fluid or chloride reabsorption but markedly stimulates chloride reabsorption in the loop; and 3) chloride reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule was unaltered by insulin administration.	Chlorides	70-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-38
2974246-1	1988	Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) infusion increases fractional excretion of many solutes including sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, calcium, and magnesium.	Chlorides	107-115	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	0-26
2974246-1	1988	Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) infusion increases fractional excretion of many solutes including sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, calcium, and magnesium.	Chlorides	107-115	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
2460442-0	1988	Prolactin synthesis in cultured pituitary cells is chloride-dependent.	Chlorides	51-59	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
3075984-2	1988	An increase in plasma chloride concentration (PC1) decreases renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and inhibits the intrarenal release of renin and angiotensin II (AII).	Chlorides	22-30	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting	Canis lupus familiaris	46-49
3075984-2	1988	An increase in plasma chloride concentration (PC1) decreases renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and inhibits the intrarenal release of renin and angiotensin II (AII).	Chlorides	22-30	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	160-165
2460442-1	1988	Release of prolactin from both normal pituitary cells and rat pituitary tumor (GH) cells is an osmotic process that is dependent upon chloride.	Chlorides	134-142	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	11-20
2460442-4	1988	These results suggest that exchange of chloride with isethionate is inhibiting the synthesis of prolactin.	Chlorides	39-47	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	96-105
2460442-5	1988	Reduction of intracellular levels of prolactin in cells grown in isethionate-containing medium was evident by 30 h, and the level of prolactin was reduced 92% at 96 h. This reduction in the internal concentrations of prolactin was reversed when the cells were returned to normal medium containing chloride with a t1/2 of 48 h. Addition of epidermal growth factor and the calcium channel agonist BAY K 8644 to cells in medium containing chloride increased internal prolactin by 400%, and isethionate exchange reduced the response by 85%.	Chlorides	297-305	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	37-46
3182775-7	1988	Exchange of medium chloride with benzoate or isethionate significantly inhibited the stimulated release of prolactin (IC50 at approximately 60 mM exchange) regardless of the secretagogue utilized (phorbol ester, forskolin, depolarization plus BAY K8644, or TRH).	Chlorides	19-27	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	107-116
3182775-11	1988	The stimulated secretion of prolactin was also inhibited by exchange of chloride with isethionate in normal pituitary cells in primary culture and the ability of normal cells to respond to the dopamine agonist bromocryptine was not affected by the exchange.	Chlorides	72-80	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	28-37
3182775-12	1988	These results suggest that exocytosis of prolactin from GH-cells and normal pituitary cells in culture is an osmotically driven process that is chloride-dependent.	Chlorides	144-152	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	41-50
2460442-10	1988	These studies demonstrate that exchange of medium chloride with isethionate inhibits the synthesis of prolactin at the level of transcription.	Chlorides	50-58	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	102-111
2460442-5	1988	Reduction of intracellular levels of prolactin in cells grown in isethionate-containing medium was evident by 30 h, and the level of prolactin was reduced 92% at 96 h. This reduction in the internal concentrations of prolactin was reversed when the cells were returned to normal medium containing chloride with a t1/2 of 48 h. Addition of epidermal growth factor and the calcium channel agonist BAY K 8644 to cells in medium containing chloride increased internal prolactin by 400%, and isethionate exchange reduced the response by 85%.	Chlorides	297-305	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	133-142
2460442-5	1988	Reduction of intracellular levels of prolactin in cells grown in isethionate-containing medium was evident by 30 h, and the level of prolactin was reduced 92% at 96 h. This reduction in the internal concentrations of prolactin was reversed when the cells were returned to normal medium containing chloride with a t1/2 of 48 h. Addition of epidermal growth factor and the calcium channel agonist BAY K 8644 to cells in medium containing chloride increased internal prolactin by 400%, and isethionate exchange reduced the response by 85%.	Chlorides	297-305	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	133-142
2460442-5	1988	Reduction of intracellular levels of prolactin in cells grown in isethionate-containing medium was evident by 30 h, and the level of prolactin was reduced 92% at 96 h. This reduction in the internal concentrations of prolactin was reversed when the cells were returned to normal medium containing chloride with a t1/2 of 48 h. Addition of epidermal growth factor and the calcium channel agonist BAY K 8644 to cells in medium containing chloride increased internal prolactin by 400%, and isethionate exchange reduced the response by 85%.	Chlorides	297-305	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	133-142
2460442-5	1988	Reduction of intracellular levels of prolactin in cells grown in isethionate-containing medium was evident by 30 h, and the level of prolactin was reduced 92% at 96 h. This reduction in the internal concentrations of prolactin was reversed when the cells were returned to normal medium containing chloride with a t1/2 of 48 h. Addition of epidermal growth factor and the calcium channel agonist BAY K 8644 to cells in medium containing chloride increased internal prolactin by 400%, and isethionate exchange reduced the response by 85%.	Chlorides	436-444	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	37-46
2460442-5	1988	Reduction of intracellular levels of prolactin in cells grown in isethionate-containing medium was evident by 30 h, and the level of prolactin was reduced 92% at 96 h. This reduction in the internal concentrations of prolactin was reversed when the cells were returned to normal medium containing chloride with a t1/2 of 48 h. Addition of epidermal growth factor and the calcium channel agonist BAY K 8644 to cells in medium containing chloride increased internal prolactin by 400%, and isethionate exchange reduced the response by 85%.	Chlorides	436-444	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	133-142
2460442-5	1988	Reduction of intracellular levels of prolactin in cells grown in isethionate-containing medium was evident by 30 h, and the level of prolactin was reduced 92% at 96 h. This reduction in the internal concentrations of prolactin was reversed when the cells were returned to normal medium containing chloride with a t1/2 of 48 h. Addition of epidermal growth factor and the calcium channel agonist BAY K 8644 to cells in medium containing chloride increased internal prolactin by 400%, and isethionate exchange reduced the response by 85%.	Chlorides	436-444	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	133-142
2460442-5	1988	Reduction of intracellular levels of prolactin in cells grown in isethionate-containing medium was evident by 30 h, and the level of prolactin was reduced 92% at 96 h. This reduction in the internal concentrations of prolactin was reversed when the cells were returned to normal medium containing chloride with a t1/2 of 48 h. Addition of epidermal growth factor and the calcium channel agonist BAY K 8644 to cells in medium containing chloride increased internal prolactin by 400%, and isethionate exchange reduced the response by 85%.	Chlorides	436-444	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	133-142
2464161-0	1988	Neuropeptide Y antagonises secretagogue evoked chloride transport in rat jejunal epithelium.	Chlorides	47-55	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
2464161-3	1988	A number of chloride secretagogues have been examined for their ability to restore the antisecretory effects of NPY.	Chlorides	12-20	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
2464161-5	1988	While all these agents cause chloride secretion by elevating intracellular cAMP, NPY is also effective in inhibiting the secretory effects of carbachol (CCh) and substance P (SP), agents believed to act by raising intracellular calcium (Cai).	Chlorides	29-37	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
2844867-2	1988	It was found that exposure to MPO decreased adherence of many strains of oral streptococci to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads in the presence of exogenous H2O2 and chloride.	Chlorides	167-175	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	30-33
2846496-6	1988	The greater fractional reduction of enzyme velocity of CA II-deficient cells at 25 degrees C compared with 37 degrees C appears to be explained by a greater chloride inhibition of the presumed CA I at the lower temperature.	Chlorides	157-165	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	55-60
2846496-6	1988	The greater fractional reduction of enzyme velocity of CA II-deficient cells at 25 degrees C compared with 37 degrees C appears to be explained by a greater chloride inhibition of the presumed CA I at the lower temperature.	Chlorides	157-165	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	55-59
2902091-3	1988	At low chloride concentration (4 mM), the proton pump present in synaptic vesicles generated a large membrane potential (inside-positive), associated with only minor acidification.	Chlorides	7-15	ATPase H+/K+ transporting subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	42-53
2902091-12	1988	At high chloride concentration (150 mM), the vesicular proton pump generated a large pH difference, associated with a small change in membrane potential.	Chlorides	8-16	ATPase H+/K+ transporting subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	55-66
3146348-2	1988	Chloride functions as a result of its binding to [Glu1]Pg, with a Ki of approximately 9.0 mM, thereby rendering [Glu1]Pg a less effective substrate for two-chain rec-t-PA.	Chlorides	0-8	chromosome 20 open reading frame 181	Homo sapiens	166-170
2458432-5	1988	Phospholipase A2 treatment of cortical membrane preparations was equipotent in preventing the stimulatory effect of chloride on both [3H]DMCM and [3H]FNZ binding.	Chlorides	116-124	phospholipase A2 group IB	Rattus norvegicus	0-16
2970797-11	1988	Instead, ANF significantly decreases the chloride permeability.	Chlorides	41-49	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
3224358-0	1988	Kinetic analysis of acetylcholine-induced chloride current in isolated snail neurons.	Chlorides	42-50	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	71-76
3175363-6	1988	This quantity exhibited a three fold change between pHi 5.5 and 8.5, with extracellular chloride concentration [Cl-]e fixed at 140 mM.	Chlorides	88-96	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	52-55
3403517-0	1988	Role of chloride/bicarbonate antiport in the control of cytosolic pH.	Chlorides	8-16	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	66-68
3337221-7	1988	The mechanism of chloride secretion induced by histamine resembled that of carbachol, in that both 1) were associated with an increase in free cytosolic calcium, 2) had a site of activation at a basolaterally localized K+ channel, and 3) were potentiated by both cAMP- and cGMP-mediated secretagogues.	Chlorides	17-25	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	263-268
2836258-0	1988	Calmodulin-mediated effects of loperamide on chloride transport by brush border membrane vesicles from human ileum.	Chlorides	45-53	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
2971131-9	1988	Thus, there is evidence for a decreased responsiveness to hANP exclusively of renal fluid, sodium, and chloride excretion in uncomplicated type 1 diabetes mellitus.	Chlorides	103-111	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	58-62
3262155-8	1988	A reversible decrease in pHi and an increase in intracellular anion levels was observed when L-lactate replaced chloride in equimolar amounts.	Chlorides	112-120	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	25-28
2966770-4	1988	Human ANF-(99-126) infusion for 45 minutes at 0.034 microgram/kg/min augmented (p less than 0.05-0.01) diuresis and urinary sodium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, and magnesium excretion.	Chlorides	132-140	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	6-9
2450891-6	1988	The reduction rates of pHi induced by a peritubular bicarbonate reduction or sodium removal were attenuated by 20% by withdrawal of ambient chloride.	Chlorides	140-148	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	23-26
3392683-14	1988	36Cl-flux studies identified an inhibition of chloride secretion as the predominant mechanism of action of NPY and PYY, together with a smaller stimulation of chloride absorption.	Chlorides	46-54	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
3392683-14	1988	36Cl-flux studies identified an inhibition of chloride secretion as the predominant mechanism of action of NPY and PYY, together with a smaller stimulation of chloride absorption.	Chlorides	46-54	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	115-118
2828362-8	1988	The H2O2-dependent portion of oxidation is mediated by myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of chloride to hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and oxidation of the reductants by HOCl.	Chlorides	94-102	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	55-70
3422142-5	1988	The addition of MBP (5 X 10(-6) M) to the mucosal, but not to the serosal, side of the membranes produced an increase in short-circuit current from 2.25 +/- 0.19 (mean +/- SE) to 2.78 +/- 0.23 muEq.cm-2h-1 (p less than 0.0001) and in net chloride secretion from 1.57 +/- 0.22 to 2.31 +/- 0.24 muEq.cm-2h-1 (p less than 0.01).	Chlorides	238-246	myelin basic protein	Canis lupus familiaris	16-19
3422142-9	1988	The results of this study indicate that MBP simulates prostaglandin E2 production and chloride secretion by dog tracheal epithelium.	Chlorides	86-94	myelin basic protein	Canis lupus familiaris	40-43
2840860-8	1988	Iodination by MPO and H2O2 is stimulated by chloride due to the intermediate formation of hypochlorous acid (HOCl).	Chlorides	44-52	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	14-17
2846041-0	1988	Catalysis of angiotensin I hydrolysis by human angiotensin-converting enzyme: effect of chloride and pH.	Chlorides	88-96	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	13-26
2846041-0	1988	Catalysis of angiotensin I hydrolysis by human angiotensin-converting enzyme: effect of chloride and pH.	Chlorides	88-96	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	47-76
2846041-1	1988	The catalysis of the hydrolysis of angiotensin I, an important natural substrate, by human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was examined in detail as a function of chloride and hydrogen ion concentration.	Chlorides	167-175	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	35-48
2846041-1	1988	The catalysis of the hydrolysis of angiotensin I, an important natural substrate, by human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was examined in detail as a function of chloride and hydrogen ion concentration.	Chlorides	167-175	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	91-120
2846041-1	1988	The catalysis of the hydrolysis of angiotensin I, an important natural substrate, by human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was examined in detail as a function of chloride and hydrogen ion concentration.	Chlorides	167-175	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	122-125
24248801-5	1988	However, statistical analysis showed a significant variation between the different districts for T.H., Cu, Mg and chloride for both tap and stored waters.	Chlorides	114-122	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	132-135
3145321-23	1988	In addition to the increased catecholamine levels, stress during sampling may be inferred if low values of MCHC and high values of intraerythrocytic chloride and a high chloride distribution ratio, rCl, are found in whole blood.	Chlorides	169-177	2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate N-hydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	198-201
3174385-8	1988	(5) Removal of chloride during pHi recovery from an alkaline load (imposed by acetate prepulse) stopped and reversed pHi backregulation.	Chlorides	15-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	31-34
3174385-8	1988	(5) Removal of chloride during pHi recovery from an alkaline load (imposed by acetate prepulse) stopped and reversed pHi backregulation.	Chlorides	15-23	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	117-120
2837099-8	1988	Chloride-dependent alteration of pHi occurred independently of Nao.	Chlorides	0-8	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
3391839-5	1988	Normal serum and CSF chloride concentrations were restored.	Chlorides	21-29	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	17-20
3391839-8	1988	Calculations made on the basis of rate of CSF production, CSF chloride concentration, and duration of anorexia provided supportive evidence for an active transport system for chloride from plasma to CSF.	Chlorides	175-183	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	42-45
3391839-8	1988	Calculations made on the basis of rate of CSF production, CSF chloride concentration, and duration of anorexia provided supportive evidence for an active transport system for chloride from plasma to CSF.	Chlorides	175-183	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	58-61
3391839-8	1988	Calculations made on the basis of rate of CSF production, CSF chloride concentration, and duration of anorexia provided supportive evidence for an active transport system for chloride from plasma to CSF.	Chlorides	175-183	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	58-61
3342227-9	1988	Between pH 2 and 3, where ATP has two negative charges, ATP binds largely as the trianion, displacing 2.7 chlorides and 0.7 protons.	Chlorides	106-115	polyhomeotic homolog 2	Homo sapiens	8-18
2447244-0	1988	Regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid/barbiturate receptor-gated chloride ion flux in brain vesicles by phospholipase A2: possible role of oxygen radicals.	Chlorides	65-73	phospholipase A2 group IB	Rattus norvegicus	104-120
2455465-0	1988	Mechanism of VIP-stimulated chloride secretion by intestinal epithelial cells.	Chlorides	28-36	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	13-16
3337239-4	1988	Injection of the peptide secretagogues cholecystokinin or secretin resulted in a relatively fast (within 4 min) activation or induction of high chloride permeabilities through both chloride conductance and chloride/hydroxide (or chloride/bicarbonate) exchange pathways.	Chlorides	144-152	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	58-66
3337239-4	1988	Injection of the peptide secretagogues cholecystokinin or secretin resulted in a relatively fast (within 4 min) activation or induction of high chloride permeabilities through both chloride conductance and chloride/hydroxide (or chloride/bicarbonate) exchange pathways.	Chlorides	181-189	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	58-66
3337239-4	1988	Injection of the peptide secretagogues cholecystokinin or secretin resulted in a relatively fast (within 4 min) activation or induction of high chloride permeabilities through both chloride conductance and chloride/hydroxide (or chloride/bicarbonate) exchange pathways.	Chlorides	181-189	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	58-66
3337239-4	1988	Injection of the peptide secretagogues cholecystokinin or secretin resulted in a relatively fast (within 4 min) activation or induction of high chloride permeabilities through both chloride conductance and chloride/hydroxide (or chloride/bicarbonate) exchange pathways.	Chlorides	181-189	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	58-66
3337243-0	1988	Plasma AVP and renal concentrating defect in chloride depletion metabolic alkalosis.	Chlorides	45-53	arginine vasopressin	Canis lupus familiaris	7-10
20501280-6	1988	When the chloride content of synaptosomes, prepared from rat cerebral cortex, was manipulated, by either exposure to ?-aminobutyric acid, muscimol or to a medium containing reduced levels of chloride, the ability of antibodies against choline acetyltransferase to specifically immunolyse (in the presence of complement) the cholinergic synaptosome population was enhanced.	Chlorides	9-17	choline O-acetyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	235-260
2832092-7	1988	This data supports the notion that leucocyte myeloperoxidase may act to suppress the antiprotease screen afforded by alpha-1-PI by generating hypochlorous acid in the presence of chloride and respiratory burst-derived hydrogen peroxide, and in the microenvironment of lowered pH associated with degranulation.	Chlorides	179-187	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	45-60
2465105-7	1988	Moderate increases in urine volume, sodium and chloride excretion were seen after infusion of dextran and subsequent infusion of ANF markedly enhanced these renal effects.	Chlorides	47-55	natriuretic peptides A	Ovis aries	129-132
3351444-5	1988	The "battery" driving this ionic current is the internally negative transepidermal potential existing across the snail integument--perhaps the result of a net inward pumping of chloride across the skin.	Chlorides	177-185	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	113-118
3406209-6	1988	In-111 chloride instantly binds to plasma transferrin yielding an excellent intravascular imaging agent.	Chlorides	7-15	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	42-53
3653395-0	1987	Calcium-activated membrane depolarization via modulation of chloride efflux from parietal cells during gastrin stimulation.	Chlorides	60-68	gastrin	Homo sapiens	103-110
3149791-8	1988	These results suggest that hCG stimulation involved the blockade of a potassium current and the activation of a chloride current through an increase of intracellular calcium.	Chlorides	112-120	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	27-30
2447945-1	1987	Transmembrane chloride flux mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor can be measured with a mammalian brain homogenate preparation containing sealed membrane vesicles.	Chlorides	14-22	GABA type A receptor-associated protein	Homo sapiens	40-79
3449800-0	1987	The effect of antisecretory factor on the permeability of nerve cell membrane to chloride ion.	Chlorides	81-89	proteasome 26S subunit ubiquitin receptor, non-ATPase 4	Rattus norvegicus	14-34
2828079-0	1987	Steroid hormone metabolites potentiate GABA receptor-mediated chloride ion flux with nanomolar potency.	Chlorides	62-70	GABA type A receptor-associated protein	Homo sapiens	39-52
3667696-6	1987	But when ADP was added 30 s after PR6, the MLC phosphorylation was essentially the same in PR or in chloride, although shape change and myosin and actin association with the cytoskeleton remained inhibited.	Chlorides	100-108	modulator of VRAC current 1	Homo sapiens	43-46
3312441-4	1987	Consequently, renin release is related to alterations of chloride delivery rather than sodium delivery to the TALH.	Chlorides	57-65	renin	Homo sapiens	14-19
3312441-6	1987	Alternatively, chlorpropamide and antidiuretic hormone may inhibit renin release by increasing chloride delivery to the loop.	Chlorides	95-103	renin	Homo sapiens	67-72
3312441-7	1987	Stimulation of renin release may likewise be related either to decreased chloride delivery and hence decreased transport in the loop (hypochloremia related to selective chloride deprivation) or to an intrinsic alteration in the transporting capacity of the loop (loop diuretics, potassium depletion, glucocorticoid deficiency, Bartter"s syndrome).	Chlorides	73-81	renin	Homo sapiens	15-20
3312441-7	1987	Stimulation of renin release may likewise be related either to decreased chloride delivery and hence decreased transport in the loop (hypochloremia related to selective chloride deprivation) or to an intrinsic alteration in the transporting capacity of the loop (loop diuretics, potassium depletion, glucocorticoid deficiency, Bartter"s syndrome).	Chlorides	169-177	renin	Homo sapiens	15-20
3426217-5	1987	Chloride was released in stoichiometric amounts when P. putida CB1-9 was grown on either chlorobenzene or 1,4-dichlorobenzene.	Chlorides	0-8	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	63-66
2822086-1	1987	The ligand binding properties of spleen myeloperoxidase, a peroxidase formerly called "the spleen green hemeprotein", were studied as functions of temperature and pH, using chloride and cyanide as exogenous ligands.	Chlorides	173-181	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	40-55
2889467-0	1987	ADP, chloride ion, and metal ion binding to bovine brain glutamine synthetase.	Chlorides	5-13	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Bos taurus	57-77
2441051-1	1987	2-(p-Chlorophenoxy)isobutyric acid (clofibric acid (1) or CPIB) is a drug known to block chloride membrane conductance (GCl) in rat striated muscle.	Chlorides	89-97	germ cell-less 1, spermatogenesis associated	Rattus norvegicus	120-123
3435659-2	1987	The lysosomal enzyme cathepsin C (dipeptidyl aminopeptidase I; EC 3.4.14.1), defined by the chloride-dependent hydrolysis of dipeptide-beta-naphthylamide (dipeptide-beta-NA) substrates at pH 5.1, was significantly lower in Duchenne cell sonicates and cell lysosomal preparations.	Chlorides	92-100	cathepsin C	Homo sapiens	21-32
2821278-1	1987	A re-examination of the C-2 histidine proton resonances of haemoglobins A and Cowtown (His HC3(146) beta----Leu) in chloride-free Hepes buffer has shown that all the resonances present in haemoglobin A are present in haemoglobin Cowtown, so that the pKa of His HC3(146) beta cannot be determined by nuclear magnetic resonance in this buffer.	Chlorides	116-124	complement C2	Homo sapiens	24-27
3038088-1	1987	Angiotensin I converting enzyme is rapidly inactivated by sodium nitroprusside and that inactivation is suppressed in the presence of chloride ion and by the presence of L-alanyl-L-proline or glycyl-L-tryptophan, which are both competitive inhibitors of its catalytic activity.	Chlorides	134-142	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	0-31
2954556-15	1987	Chloride ion was found to reduce platinum-mediated enzyme inhibition in an unpredictable manner, the greatest effect being observed with LAP and GGTP and the least with the ATPases.	Chlorides	0-8	leucine aminopeptidase 3	Rattus norvegicus	137-140
2954556-15	1987	Chloride ion was found to reduce platinum-mediated enzyme inhibition in an unpredictable manner, the greatest effect being observed with LAP and GGTP and the least with the ATPases.	Chlorides	0-8	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	145-149
2442409-3	1987	Methylmercuric chloride and 4-HAQO dose-dependently inhibited DNA, RNA and protein syntheses, either in the presence or in the absence of NGF.	Chlorides	15-23	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
3033023-5	1987	We tested the hypothesis that the MPO-H2O2-halide system may induce glomerular injury by infusing MPO followed by H2O2 in a chloride-containing solution into the renal artery of rats.	Chlorides	124-132	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
3033222-9	1987	This brain slice chloride flux assay is therefore suitable for the assessment of activity including dose-response curves for GABAA agonists, antagonists and modulators including benzodiazepines.	Chlorides	17-25	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	125-130
3314296-1	1987	(A) The effects of phosphate, chloride, nitrate, pyruvate, malate, succinate and glutamate ions on the kinetics of yeast phosphoglycerate kinase (ATP: 3-phospho-D-glycerate 1-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.2.3) were studied with MgATP2- and 3-P-glycerate as variable substrates.	Chlorides	30-38	phosphoglycerate kinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	121-144
3314296-1	1987	(A) The effects of phosphate, chloride, nitrate, pyruvate, malate, succinate and glutamate ions on the kinetics of yeast phosphoglycerate kinase (ATP: 3-phospho-D-glycerate 1-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.2.3) were studied with MgATP2- and 3-P-glycerate as variable substrates.	Chlorides	30-38	F1F0 ATP synthase subunit gamma	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	146-152
3032796-3	1987	There appear to be three forms of MPO (MPO I, II, and III), all of which can kill this organism in the presence of H2O2 and chloride.	Chlorides	124-132	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	34-37
3032796-3	1987	There appear to be three forms of MPO (MPO I, II, and III), all of which can kill this organism in the presence of H2O2 and chloride.	Chlorides	124-132	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	39-42
3032796-9	1987	MPO bound to the high-avidity sites did not oxidize guaiacol but oxidized chloride, as detected by the chlorination of taurine.	Chlorides	74-82	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-3
3041080-11	1987	The serum ACE activity was activated by chloride and cobalt ions, and inhibited by EDTA, captopril and rabbit antiserum to purified human plasma ACE.	Chlorides	40-48	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	10-13
3828336-6	1987	Imposition of inwardly directed inorganic ion gradients resulted in the enhancement of 35S-BSP transport when chloride ions were part of this gradient, irrespective of the cation employed whereas there was no apparent cation effect.	Chlorides	110-118	integrin-binding sialoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
3032675-1	1987	The ferric spleen green heme-protein exhibits hyperfine-shifted proton resonances between 90 and 20 ppm for the high-spin resting form and the chloride complex, and between 46 and -9.4 ppm for the low-spin nitrite complex.	Chlorides	143-151	HEME	Bos taurus	24-28
3030427-8	1987	This conclusion is supported by experiments which showed that formation of Compound III of myeloperoxidase by D-penicillamine depended on the chloride concentration.	Chlorides	142-150	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	91-106
3030871-6	1987	Chloride-free Ringer"s or 2 X 10(-4) M SITS caused an elevation of pHi to 7.5, and the regulatory range was reduced in magnitude to 0.50 pH units (pHo 7.3-7.8).	Chlorides	0-8	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	67-70
3571337-0	1987	Effect of potassium depletion of Hep 2 cells on intracellular pH and on chloride uptake by anion antiport.	Chlorides	72-80	DNL-type zinc finger	Homo sapiens	33-36
3102490-7	1987	Salts of both chloride and bromide increased the affinity of Go alpha for GTP gamma S; fluoride and iodide were essentially ineffective.	Chlorides	14-22	tripartite motif containing 47	Homo sapiens	61-69
2879093-3	1987	The production of intracellular IL-1 and the release of extracellular IL-1 were higher in the presence of acetate than in the presence of chloride or in medium alone.	Chlorides	138-146	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	32-36
3567584-0	1987	Increase in chloride ion permeability across the nerve cell membrane after the endogenous antigen S-100 incorporation.	Chlorides	12-20	S100 calcium binding protein A1	Homo sapiens	98-103
2879093-3	1987	The production of intracellular IL-1 and the release of extracellular IL-1 were higher in the presence of acetate than in the presence of chloride or in medium alone.	Chlorides	138-146	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	70-74
3441530-9	1987	Enhancement of drinking following infusions of chloride solutions suggests the possibility of the CSF anions exerting active physiological influences over the juxtacerebroventricular sensors.	Chlorides	47-55	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
3038387-2	1987	This activity required the presence of chloride ion and was almost completely inhibited by a specific converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (10 nM), indicating that the activity measured is indeed angiotensin-converting enzyme.	Chlorides	39-47	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	197-226
2887350-6	1987	Chloride requirements for the optimal ACE activity were different from species.	Chlorides	0-8	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	38-41
2854101-3	1987	Since myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is also active during the respiratory burst, produces hypochlorous acid (HOCl) (HOCl) in the presence of chloride ions (Cl-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), this species has been investigated as a possible source of the DMPO-OH adduct.	Chlorides	140-148	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	6-21
2854101-3	1987	Since myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is also active during the respiratory burst, produces hypochlorous acid (HOCl) (HOCl) in the presence of chloride ions (Cl-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), this species has been investigated as a possible source of the DMPO-OH adduct.	Chlorides	140-148	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	23-26
3780532-1	1986	The purpose of this study was to determine whether the availability of PRL modulates the chloride concentration of human sweat.	Chlorides	89-97	prolactin	Homo sapiens	71-74
3031719-7	1987	Changes in the benzodiazepine/GABA receptor coupled chloride ionophore produced by cohort removal from a common cage preceded any statistically significant changes in circulating levels of alpha-MSH, beta-endorphin, ACTH or corticosterone.	Chlorides	52-60	proopiomelanocortin	Rattus norvegicus	189-198
3024726-2	1986	In preliminary experiments, pre-exposure of either albumin or glomerular basement membrane to neutrophil myeloperoxidase with H2O2 and chloride increased their susceptibility to proteolysis 2-3-fold.	Chlorides	135-143	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	105-120
3780532-14	1986	We conclude that depletion of PRL increases the concentration of chloride in human sweat.	Chlorides	65-73	prolactin	Homo sapiens	30-33
3782465-0	1986	Angiotensin II and vasopressin stimulate calcium-activated chloride conductance in rat mesangial cells.	Chlorides	59-67	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
3494050-2	1986	Chloride secretion in the stomach is inhibited by epidermal growth factor (EGF).	Chlorides	0-8	EGF	Ovis aries	50-73
3782465-0	1986	Angiotensin II and vasopressin stimulate calcium-activated chloride conductance in rat mesangial cells.	Chlorides	59-67	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	19-30
3494050-2	1986	Chloride secretion in the stomach is inhibited by epidermal growth factor (EGF).	Chlorides	0-8	EGF	Ovis aries	75-78
2433695-3	1986	Responses to substance P and neurotensin comprised an oscillatory chloride current, and a smooth current having different ionic basis.	Chlorides	66-74	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	29-40
2948558-7	1986	RecA protein is able to resist displacement by SSB protein at a lower magnesium concentration in acetate than in chloride buffer.	Chlorides	113-121	single-stranded DNA-binding protein	Escherichia coli	47-50
2948558-2	1986	The initial rate of the reaction in an acetate-based buffer is approximately 3-4 times higher in the presence of Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB protein) and 2 times higher in its absence than the initial rate in chloride.	Chlorides	239-247	single-stranded DNA-binding protein	Escherichia coli	167-178
3022817-1	1986	N,N-Dimethyl-p-anisidine (DMA) was used as a substrate to differentiate between the direct, or chloride-independent, and the indirect, or chloride-dependent, pathways characteristic of myeloperoxidase (donor: hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.7).	Chlorides	138-146	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	185-200
2440770-2	1986	When resting membrane potential (Vm) is equal to chloride equilibrium potential (EC1) GABA tends to keep Vm to its resting value.	Chlorides	49-57	Susceptibility to lysis by alloreactive natural killer cells	Homo sapiens	81-84
3756897-0	1986	In vivo antitumor activity and in vitro cytotoxic properties of bis[1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane]gold(I) chloride.	Chlorides	109-117	beta-carboline-induced seizures 1	Mus musculus	64-69
2877761-5	1986	A drastic increase in urinary LDH and moderate increase in gamma-GT, ALP and AAP and a very slight increase in GPT was observed in the first 18-h urine samples after mercuric chloride.	Chlorides	175-183	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
3537461-2	1986	In the rat, we have shown that reduced chloride transport in the loop is associated with increased renin release.	Chlorides	39-47	renin	Rattus norvegicus	99-104
3537461-10	1986	These results demonstrate that an increase in loop chloride reabsorption is associated with a decrease in renin release.	Chlorides	51-59	renin	Rattus norvegicus	106-111
3537461-11	1986	This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that renin release is inversely related to the magnitude of chloride transport in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle.	Chlorides	111-119	renin	Rattus norvegicus	56-61
3011897-2	1986	The toxin activity of pneumolysin, as determined by lysis of 51Cr-labeled human erythrocytes, was destroyed on exposure to the neutrophil enzyme myeloperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide, and a halide (chloride or iodide).	Chlorides	195-203	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	145-160
3741430-2	1986	Hemiacetylcarnitinium (2S,6R:2R,65)-6-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxy-2,4,4- trimethylmorpholinium) chloride is a relatively potent competitive inhibitor (Ki = 0.89 mM) of pigeon breast carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT) and of the crude rat liver CAT (Ki = 4.72 mM) but is neither an inhibitor nor an effective substrate for purified rat liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT).	Chlorides	92-100	carnitine O-acetyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	178-205
3741430-2	1986	Hemiacetylcarnitinium (2S,6R:2R,65)-6-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxy-2,4,4- trimethylmorpholinium) chloride is a relatively potent competitive inhibitor (Ki = 0.89 mM) of pigeon breast carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT) and of the crude rat liver CAT (Ki = 4.72 mM) but is neither an inhibitor nor an effective substrate for purified rat liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT).	Chlorides	92-100	carnitine O-acetyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	207-210
3741430-2	1986	Hemiacetylcarnitinium (2S,6R:2R,65)-6-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxy-2,4,4- trimethylmorpholinium) chloride is a relatively potent competitive inhibitor (Ki = 0.89 mM) of pigeon breast carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT) and of the crude rat liver CAT (Ki = 4.72 mM) but is neither an inhibitor nor an effective substrate for purified rat liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT).	Chlorides	92-100	carnitine O-acetyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	239-242
3014649-0	1986	GABA receptor-mediated chloride transport in a "cell-free" membrane preparation from brain.	Chlorides	23-31	GABA type A receptor-associated protein	Homo sapiens	0-13
3755170-5	1986	NPY increased chloride absorption, JCl(net), by increasing the flux of Cl from mucosa to serosa, JCl(ms), and by decreasing JCl(sm).	Chlorides	14-22	neuropeptide Y	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-3
3018765-7	1986	In confirmation of earlier observations, inhibition of renin release by sodium chloride was related to chloride.	Chlorides	79-87	renin	Rattus norvegicus	55-60
17737293-0	1986	Response: GABA Receptor--Mediated Chloride Transport in a "Cell-Free" Membrane Preparation from Brain.	Chlorides	34-42	GABA type A receptor-associated protein	Homo sapiens	10-23
3014244-2	1986	This activity required the presence of chloride ion and was almost completely inhibited by a specific converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (10 nM), indicating that the activity measured is indeed angiotensin-converting enzyme.	Chlorides	39-47	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	197-226
3755365-8	1986	Replacement of chloride with gluconate on both sides of the tissue significantly reduced the change in short circuit current produced by neuropeptide Y (1 X 10(-7) M), as did a similar replacement of bicarbonate.	Chlorides	15-23	neuropeptide Y	Oryctolagus cuniculus	137-151
3013020-2	1986	At constant external pH and chloride concentration, internal protons were a mixed inhibitor of chloride flux, with the apparent pK2 = 6.1 for protonation of the inward-facing empty transporter conformation and the apparent pK3 = 5.7 for protonation of the chloride-transporter complex.	Chlorides	95-103	prokineticin 2	Homo sapiens	128-131
3013020-2	1986	At constant external pH and chloride concentration, internal protons were a mixed inhibitor of chloride flux, with the apparent pK2 = 6.1 for protonation of the inward-facing empty transporter conformation and the apparent pK3 = 5.7 for protonation of the chloride-transporter complex.	Chlorides	95-103	pyruvate kinase M1/2	Homo sapiens	223-226
3013020-3	1986	The activation of chloride exchange by external chloride was inhibited by internal protons, and internal protonation of the externally facing empty conformation had a pK1 = 6.1.	Chlorides	18-26	pyruvate kinase L/R	Homo sapiens	167-170
3013020-4	1986	External protons were also a mixed inhibitor of chloride exchange with the apparent pK1 = 5.0 for the empty outward-facing transporter conformation.	Chlorides	48-56	pyruvate kinase L/R	Homo sapiens	84-87
3013020-5	1986	Because of the pHo dependence of self-inhibition, the value of pK3 on the outside for chloride could not be accurately determined, but the apparent pK3 for protonation of the iodide-transporter complex on the extracellular surface was 4.9.	Chlorides	86-94	pyruvate kinase M1/2	Homo sapiens	63-66
3521744-14	1986	If a continuous influx of chloride against an electrochemical gradient is maintained by a cotransport system, the chloride disequilibrium can drive an influx of bicarbonate through the anion exchange mechanism, as described in Section VII.	Chlorides	26-34	interferon alpha	Mus musculus	0-4
2872993-9	1986	Several neurohumoral agents have been found to stimulate chloride secretion, such as PGs, beta-adrenergic agonists, VIP, substance P, and bradykinin.	Chlorides	57-65	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	116-119
2941542-2	1986	In normal animals, the kidney is relatively better at reabsorbing bicarbonate than chloride, as ANF increases luminal flow so that a chloruresis without bicarbonaturia ensues.	Chlorides	83-91	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	96-99
2872993-9	1986	Several neurohumoral agents have been found to stimulate chloride secretion, such as PGs, beta-adrenergic agonists, VIP, substance P, and bradykinin.	Chlorides	57-65	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	121-132
2872993-9	1986	Several neurohumoral agents have been found to stimulate chloride secretion, such as PGs, beta-adrenergic agonists, VIP, substance P, and bradykinin.	Chlorides	57-65	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	138-148
3792335-8	1986	Chloride caused a significant concentration-dependent shortening of myosin rods due to destabilization of the alpha-helical double coiled rod structure.	Chlorides	0-8	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	68-74
2941542-4	1986	Since the relative magnitudes of chloride versus bicarbonate excretion rates in response to ANF are a function of the plasma anion concentrations, ANF tends to correct acid-base disorders.	Chlorides	33-41	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	92-95
2941542-4	1986	Since the relative magnitudes of chloride versus bicarbonate excretion rates in response to ANF are a function of the plasma anion concentrations, ANF tends to correct acid-base disorders.	Chlorides	33-41	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	147-150
3953823-3	1986	In one cell type (high basolateral conductance, HBC), these maneuvers cause large depolarizations in Vbl, suggesting that the basolateral cell membrane has significant partial conductances to both chloride and to potassium.	Chlorides	197-205	keratin 88, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	48-51
3521182-2	1986	Treatment with a chloride-deficient diet led to a temporary decrease in the capsular adrenal conversions of corticosterone to 18-hydroxycorticosterone and aldosterone (manifest after 2 weeks but not longer apparent after 3 weeks), which was accompanied by a progressive rise in plasma renin activity and a moderate fall in plasma potassium.	Chlorides	17-25	renin	Rattus norvegicus	285-290
3008838-1	1986	Treatment of intact human erythrocytes with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl) leads to inhibition of anion transport as measured by [32P]phosphate exchange for intracellular chloride.	Chlorides	189-197	OXA1L mitochondrial inner membrane protein	Homo sapiens	68-73
3521182-3	1986	Combined restriction of sodium, potassium and chloride elicited a decreased activity of the enzyme(s) involved in late steps in aldosterone biosynthesis, an elevation of plasma renin activity to excessively high levels and a substantial hypokalaemia.	Chlorides	46-54	renin	Rattus norvegicus	177-182
3521182-4	1986	Chloride repletion of these rats by the addition of NH4Cl or CaCl2 to their drinking fluid stimulated aldosterone biosynthesis while lowering plasma renin activity and raising plasma potassium.	Chlorides	0-8	renin	Rattus norvegicus	149-154
3715809-1	1986	Of four Tris-salts tested (chloride, sulfate, phosphate and acetate), chloride caused complete elution of antithrombin III (AT III) from a heparin-Sepharose column and sulfate caused partial elution.	Chlorides	70-78	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	106-122
3715809-1	1986	Of four Tris-salts tested (chloride, sulfate, phosphate and acetate), chloride caused complete elution of antithrombin III (AT III) from a heparin-Sepharose column and sulfate caused partial elution.	Chlorides	70-78	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	124-130
3715809-3	1986	On the other hand, thrombin was eluted from the column with the Tris-salts in the order chloride greater than sulfate greater than acetate, but was not eluted with Tris-phosphate.	Chlorides	88-96	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	19-27
2936682-6	1986	Urine volume and fractional chloride excretion rose during infusions of rat or human atrial natriuretic factor in a manner that resembled the elevation in sodium excretion.	Chlorides	28-36	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	85-110
3477210-5	1986	Myeloperoxidase will catalyse the peroxidation of the chloride ion but salivary peroxidase will not; the product of this in neutral solution is the hypochlorite ion, which is also a reactive oxidizing agent.	Chlorides	54-62	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
2945402-8	1986	The greater concentration of chloride could be due to a lesser release of secretin.	Chlorides	29-37	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	74-82
3004333-8	1986	Results obtained in conjunction with these studies demonstrated that the thioredoxin m-linked activation of NADP-malate dehydrogenase in selectively enhanced by the presence of halide ions (e.g., chloride) and by an organic solvent (e.g., 2-propanol).	Chlorides	196-204	LOC101027257	Zea mays	73-84
2946586-3	1986	The constant ANP infusion caused a delayed and prolonged excretion of sodium, chloride and calcium, no change in potassium or phosphate excretion or in glomerular filtration rate but a marked decrease in renal plasma flow.	Chlorides	78-86	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	13-16
3791384-1	1986	Voltage-clamped colonic epithelia were fixed for morphological observation minutes after bradykinin was added to produce its well-characterized increase in short circuit current representing net chloride secretion.	Chlorides	195-203	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	89-99
2879581-6	1986	Arylsulfatase A was inhibited by sulfate, sulfite, silver, magnesium, manganese and calcium ions and arylsulfatase B by chloride, sulfate, sulfite and silver ions.	Chlorides	120-128	arylsulfatase A	Equus caballus	0-15
2879581-6	1986	Arylsulfatase A was inhibited by sulfate, sulfite, silver, magnesium, manganese and calcium ions and arylsulfatase B by chloride, sulfate, sulfite and silver ions.	Chlorides	120-128	arylsulfatase B	Equus caballus	101-116
2438487-2	1986	ACE also has important arginine and tyrosine residues that are involved in substrate binding and a lysine that binds chloride.	Chlorides	117-125	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	0-3
3510973-0	1986	Effect of dietary chloride on salt-sensitive and renin-dependent hypertension.	Chlorides	18-26	renin	Rattus norvegicus	49-54
3510973-1	1986	We have previously reported that 1) selective dietary sodium loading (without chloride) does not produce hypertension in rats of the Dahl salt-sensitive strain (DS) and 2) selective chloride loading (without sodium) lowers plasma renin activity in the intact Sprague-Dawley rat maintained on a low NaCl diet.	Chlorides	182-190	renin	Rattus norvegicus	230-235
2438487-3	1986	Chloride activation of ACE depends on the particular substrate employed.	Chlorides	0-8	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	23-26
2438487-7	1986	The chloride binding constant for the ACE-inhibitor complex at pH 7.5 is 2.2 mM.	Chlorides	4-12	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	38-41
3735795-3	1986	The decay of the response was found to be largely due to the desensitization of the GABA receptor (binding site-ionophore complex) since the equilibrium potential for chloride remained unchanged when the conductance response was depressed.	Chlorides	167-175	GABA type A receptor-associated protein	Homo sapiens	84-97
2948056-5	1986	After initiation of pulsatile nocturnal treatment (5 pulses of 30 micrograms ANP every 3 h), diuresis increased, leading to a persistent normalization of sodium and chloride excretion.	Chlorides	165-173	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	77-80
3080471-4	1986	Arginine vasopressin (10(-10) M in the peritubular bath) caused a sustained sixfold increase in net chloride absorption and a two- to threefold increase in the magnitude of the lumen negative transepithelial voltage.	Chlorides	100-108	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	9-20
3080471-8	1986	We concluded: (a) that arginine vasopressin stimulates absorption of chloride and inhibits bicarbonate secretion (or stimulates proton secretion) in the rat cortical collecting duct; and (b) that bradykinin inhibits net chloride absorption in the rat cortical collecting duct without affecting transepithelial voltage or bicarbonate flux.	Chlorides	69-77	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	32-43
3080471-8	1986	We concluded: (a) that arginine vasopressin stimulates absorption of chloride and inhibits bicarbonate secretion (or stimulates proton secretion) in the rat cortical collecting duct; and (b) that bradykinin inhibits net chloride absorption in the rat cortical collecting duct without affecting transepithelial voltage or bicarbonate flux.	Chlorides	220-228	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	32-43
3543716-5	1986	Since chloride transport is essential for exocytosis of peptides and biogenic amines, we wished to ascertain if chloride transport is essential for the process of CuHis-stimulated release of LHRH.	Chlorides	112-120	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	191-195
2997291-2	1985	Both VIP and A23187 stimulated net chloride secretion without altering sodium transport.	Chlorides	35-43	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	5-8
3866691-7	1985	PGE2-induced sodium and chloride secretion were also significantly reduced by NPY at an infusion rate of 0.4 but not of 0.04 pmol X min-1.	Chlorides	24-32	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
4061656-0	1985	Effect of ADH on chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle of the Brattleboro rat.	Chlorides	17-25	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
4061656-1	1985	Both in vivo superficial loop segment microperfusion and in vitro perfusion of isolated medullary thick ascending limb segments were used to assess the effect of vasopressin on loop of Henle chloride absorption in the Brattleboro rat.	Chlorides	191-199	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	162-173
4061656-3	1985	Under control conditions, absolute chloride reabsorption was 1,596 +/- 61 pmol/min and increased to 1,876 +/- 102 after intravenous infusion of vasopressin (P less than 0.005).	Chlorides	35-43	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	144-155
4061656-6	1985	Addition of vasopressin to the bathing solution increased net chloride reabsorption to 342 +/- 56 pmol X min-1 X mm-1 (P less than 0.02) and transepithelial voltage to 3.0 +/- 0.3 mV (P less than 0.002).	Chlorides	62-70	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	12-23
4061656-8	1985	In these experiments, net chloride flux and transepithelial voltage significantly increased compared with the control period and returned to control values upon removal of vasopressin from the bath.	Chlorides	26-34	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	172-183
2997291-4	1985	When A23187 was tested in combination with VIP, net chloride secretion was significantly greater than predicted from the calculated sum of their individual responses indicating a synergistic effect.	Chlorides	52-60	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	43-46
2997291-7	1985	Earlier studies suggest that VIP activates a basolaterally localized, barium-sensitive potassium channel as well as an apically localized chloride conductance pathway.	Chlorides	138-146	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	29-32
2997291-11	1985	However, in the presence of an increased transepithelial chloride permeability induced by VIP, the effectiveness of A23187 on chloride secretion was greatly augmented.	Chlorides	57-65	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	90-93
2997291-11	1985	However, in the presence of an increased transepithelial chloride permeability induced by VIP, the effectiveness of A23187 on chloride secretion was greatly augmented.	Chlorides	126-134	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	90-93
3903651-0	1985	Effect of reduced chloride reabsorption on renin release in the isolated rat kidney.	Chlorides	18-26	renin	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
3901779-2	1985	The purpose of this study was to determine whether increased renin release is related to impaired absorptive chloride transport in the loop of Henle.	Chlorides	109-117	renin	Rattus norvegicus	61-66
3901779-8	1985	Thus stimulation of renin release in adrenalectomized animals was associated with decreased absorptive chloride transport in the loop of Henle.	Chlorides	103-111	renin	Rattus norvegicus	20-25
2866547-9	1985	It is hypothesized that the action of PZP"s, and particularly tracazolate, may be related to their effects upon a GABA-stimulated chloride ionophore site.	Chlorides	130-138	PZP alpha-2-macroglobulin like	Homo sapiens	38-41
2412645-1	1985	We report here evidence for 3 new subtypes (alpha 1, alpha 2 and beta) of type-A GABA receptor-channel complexes that conduct chloride ions.	Chlorides	126-134	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	44-51
2412645-7	1985	Patch-clamp recordings indicate two distinct classes of GABA-gated chloride conductances that appear to correspond to the alpha 1 and beta types.	Chlorides	67-75	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	122-138
2995345-10	1985	Examination of the enzymatic activity of the spleen green hemeprotein by following the chlorination of monochlorodimedon has indicated that the enzyme has the same chlorinating activity as myeloperoxidase; the spleen green peroxidase can catalyze the formation of hypochlorous acid from hydrogen peroxide and chloride ion.	Chlorides	309-317	myeloperoxidase	Bos taurus	189-204
3903651-2	1985	Renin rose significantly as perfusate chloride fell; there was a sevenfold increase between perfusion with normal chloride and almost complete substitution of chloride by nitrate.	Chlorides	38-46	renin	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
3903651-2	1985	Renin rose significantly as perfusate chloride fell; there was a sevenfold increase between perfusion with normal chloride and almost complete substitution of chloride by nitrate.	Chlorides	114-122	renin	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
3903651-2	1985	Renin rose significantly as perfusate chloride fell; there was a sevenfold increase between perfusion with normal chloride and almost complete substitution of chloride by nitrate.	Chlorides	114-122	renin	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
3903651-4	1985	For all these experiments there was a significant negative correlation between renin and absolute tubular reabsorption of chloride (r = -0.68, P less than 0.001), but no such relationship with absolute sodium reabsorption.	Chlorides	122-130	renin	Rattus norvegicus	79-84
3903651-8	1985	We conclude that renin release is influenced by a signal dependent on, and inversely proportional to, chloride reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle.	Chlorides	102-110	renin	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
3903651-1	1985	To investigate the relationship between tubular reabsorption of chloride and renal renin release in the isolated perfused rat kidney, perfusate renin activity was measured during substitution of either nitrate or thiocyanate for varying amounts of perfusate chloride but with maintained perfusate sodium concentration.	Chlorides	64-72	renin	Rattus norvegicus	83-88
2996923-4	1985	This hypothesis is supported by the prior observations that neutrophils are recruited in greater numbers into the lungs of smokers and that MPO (in the presence of H2O2 and chloride ion) oxidatively inactivates antiproteases of both the alveoli and the mucus-lined airways.	Chlorides	173-181	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	140-143
2985447-0	1985	Resonance Raman evidence of chloride binding to the heme iron in myeloperoxidase.	Chlorides	28-36	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	65-80
2989285-0	1985	The effect of chloride on the redox and EPR properties of myeloperoxidase.	Chlorides	14-22	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	58-73
2989285-1	1985	Myeloperoxidase was purified from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and the effect of chloride upon the EPR and potentiometric properties was studied.	Chlorides	87-95	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
2989285-5	1985	Myeloperoxidase exhibited a rhombic high spin EPR signal which exhibited reduced rhombicity upon the binding of chloride.	Chlorides	112-120	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
2989285-6	1985	Our results strongly suggest that chloride binds to the sixth coordination position of the chlorin iron in myeloperoxidase by replacing the water which is the sixth ligand in the resting state.	Chlorides	34-42	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	107-122
4037301-2	1985	This reaction is carried out in the presence of chloride ions and detergents (Triton X-100 or SDS) in alkaline solution.	Chlorides	48-56	serine dehydratase	Homo sapiens	78-97
2991128-3	1985	These findings indicate the involvement of the myeloperoxidase (MPO)-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-chloride (Cl-) system in the cytolytic process.	Chlorides	94-102	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	47-62
2991128-3	1985	These findings indicate the involvement of the myeloperoxidase (MPO)-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-chloride (Cl-) system in the cytolytic process.	Chlorides	94-102	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	64-67
4044974-12	1985	From negative correlations between production and concentrations of chloride, somatic cells, and N-acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase activity, differences between udder halves in production may be related to changes of the blood-milk barrier, leukocyte diapedesis, and loss of integrity of secretory cells.	Chlorides	68-76	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	222-226
2992450-0	1985	Production of the superoxide adduct of myeloperoxidase (compound III) by stimulated human neutrophils and its reactivity with hydrogen peroxide and chloride.	Chlorides	148-156	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	39-54
2578765-6	1985	These results indicate that lindane interacts readily with heme and heme proteins, including cytochrome P-450, in the absence of oxygen to undergo multiple chloride eliminations forming chlorobenzene and benzene as end products.	Chlorides	156-164	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-109
4039071-3	1985	Reduction of all the compounds, except cis-Flap, produces species of a lower oxidation state of platinum which subsequently have both chloride ligands replaced.	Chlorides	134-142	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein	Homo sapiens	43-47
2984255-5	1985	The monocyte ACE from patients with sarcoidosis was activated by chloride ions and inhibited by EDTA, captopril, and rabbit antiserum to purified human plasma ACE, indicating that enzymatic activity was effected specifically by ACE.	Chlorides	65-73	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	13-16
2989970-8	1985	The serum ACE activity was activated by chloride and cobalt ions, and inhibited by EDTA, captopril and rabbit antiserum to purified human plasma ACE.	Chlorides	40-48	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	10-13
2858176-4	1985	This binding results in an increased affinity of the GABA receptor for the amino acid, an augmented flux of chloride ions across the terminal membrane, and an increase in the amount of presynaptic inhibition.	Chlorides	108-116	GABA type A receptor-associated protein	Homo sapiens	53-66
4013686-1	1985	The concentration of prolactin in amniotic fluid from 91 pregnant women (Group I: 51 specimens obtained at 15th-20th week of gestation; Group II: 40 specimens at term) has been correlated with the amniotic fluid concentrations of calcium, of the ions sodium, chloride, and potassium, and with the clinical data.	Chlorides	259-267	prolactin	Homo sapiens	21-30
2579099-0	1985	Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-induced chloride secretion by a colonic epithelial cell line.	Chlorides	42-50	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	0-33
2579099-2	1985	We have used a well-differentiated human colonic cell line, the T84 cell line, as a model system to study the pathways of cellular ion transport involved in vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-induced chloride secretion.	Chlorides	205-213	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	157-190
2579099-2	1985	We have used a well-differentiated human colonic cell line, the T84 cell line, as a model system to study the pathways of cellular ion transport involved in vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-induced chloride secretion.	Chlorides	205-213	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	192-195
2981380-2	1985	The results proved conclusively that ANF acted directly on the kidney since urine volume and fractional excretion of sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium were elevated in a dose-related manner in the ANF-treated kidney, but were not significantly affected in the contralateral saline-infused organ.	Chlorides	136-144	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
2981380-2	1985	The results proved conclusively that ANF acted directly on the kidney since urine volume and fractional excretion of sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium were elevated in a dose-related manner in the ANF-treated kidney, but were not significantly affected in the contralateral saline-infused organ.	Chlorides	136-144	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	203-206
4013686-2	1985	When the week of gestation in multiple regression analyses was predetermined for inclusion in the first step, the amniotic prolactin concentration was found to be significantly correlated with sodium or chloride in both groups and the correlation coefficients in the two groups were alike.	Chlorides	203-211	prolactin	Homo sapiens	123-132
4013686-4	1985	The results indicate that the amniotic sodium and chloride concentrations could be of importance for the regulation of the amniotic prolactin concentration.	Chlorides	50-58	prolactin	Homo sapiens	132-141
3884028-4	1985	This subpressor dose of angiotensin II significantly decreased urine volume, urinary excretion of sodium, chloride and phosphate and distal delivery [(CH2O + CCl)/GFR X 100] in the absence of changes in GFR or distal fractional chloride absorption [CH2O/(CH2O + CCl)].	Chlorides	106-114	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	24-38
3893464-3	1985	beta 2 beta 2-Bern has a higher specific activity and a lower pH-optimum, has a higher kM for NAD+, is less susceptible to inactivation by iodoacetate, and cannot be activated with chloride ions.	Chlorides	181-189	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	0-6
3893464-3	1985	beta 2 beta 2-Bern has a higher specific activity and a lower pH-optimum, has a higher kM for NAD+, is less susceptible to inactivation by iodoacetate, and cannot be activated with chloride ions.	Chlorides	181-189	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	7-13
3970646-4	1985	The Dead Sea has a uniquely high concentration of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride.	Chlorides	93-101	S13 erythroblastosis (avian) oncogene homolog	Homo sapiens	9-12
3884028-4	1985	This subpressor dose of angiotensin II significantly decreased urine volume, urinary excretion of sodium, chloride and phosphate and distal delivery [(CH2O + CCl)/GFR X 100] in the absence of changes in GFR or distal fractional chloride absorption [CH2O/(CH2O + CCl)].	Chlorides	228-236	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	24-38
6390430-7	1984	Unlike the surface of the 2-zinc insulin hexamer, which possesses a shallow depression containing a zinc ion and its coordinating water molecules, the 4-zinc human insulin hexamer contains a zinc and chloride ion at the bottom of an 8-A tunnel produced by three parallel alpha-helices.	Chlorides	200-208	insulin	Homo sapiens	164-171
3902499-0	1985	A pharmacological characterization of chloride- and potassium-dependent inhibitions in the CA3 region of the rat hippocampus in vitro.	Chlorides	38-46	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
6502522-8	1984	In contrast, the chloride-deficient analog, W-5, N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide hydrochloride, which interacts only weakly with CaM, had practically no inhibiting effect.	Chlorides	17-25	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	139-142
6432879-1	1984	Intestine (both small and large) secretes chloride in response to prostaglandins and agents, such as bradykinin, that increase prostaglandin synthesis.	Chlorides	42-50	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	101-111
6095894-0	1984	Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme: dependence on chloride.	Chlorides	59-67	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	14-43
6095894-1	1984	In a previous report [Shapiro, R., Holmquist, B., &amp; Riordan, J. F. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 3850], it was demonstrated that activation of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) by chloride is strongly dependent on substrate structure, and three substrate classes were identified on the basis of activation behavior.	Chlorides	180-188	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	141-170
6095894-1	1984	In a previous report [Shapiro, R., Holmquist, B., &amp; Riordan, J. F. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 3850], it was demonstrated that activation of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) by chloride is strongly dependent on substrate structure, and three substrate classes were identified on the basis of activation behavior.	Chlorides	180-188	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	172-175
6389078-4	1984	Studies indicate that control of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system resides in cytosolic calcium ion levels in the juxtaglomerular cell, as well as chloride ion and prostaglandins at the macula densa.	Chlorides	154-162	renin	Homo sapiens	37-42
6090506-7	1984	In contrast, the MPO-H2O2-chloride (Cl-) system was much less efficient.	Chlorides	26-34	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	17-20
6745606-5	1984	Motilin infusion significantly reduced absorption of water, sodium, potassium, and chloride when a plasmalike electrolyte solution was perfused.	Chlorides	83-91	motilin	Homo sapiens	0-7
6745606-6	1984	During perfusion with a bicarbonate-free salt solution, motilin significantly enhanced secretion of water, potassium, and chloride.	Chlorides	122-130	motilin	Homo sapiens	56-63
6741402-7	1984	These results indicate that the intracellular ionic concentrations, probably of potassium ion or of chloride ion, are of importance in the regulation of the synthesis and secretion of decidual Prl in vitro.	Chlorides	100-108	prolactin	Homo sapiens	193-196
6381484-3	1984	Myeloperoxidase catalyzed the oxidation of chloride (Cl-) by H2O2 to yield hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which reacted with endogenous nitrogen compounds to yield derivatives containing nitrogen-chlorine (N-Cl) bonds.	Chlorides	43-51	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
6432048-0	1984	Kinetic study of the interaction between frog epidermis tyrosinase and chloride.	Chlorides	71-79	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	56-66
6432048-6	1984	The mechanism of interaction between chloride and the enzyme is discussed, and a model is proposed in which chloride interferes the tyrosinase activity by displacing a catalytically important ligand, probably a histidine residue of the side-chain, from the copper at the enzyme-active site.	Chlorides	37-45	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	132-142
6432048-6	1984	The mechanism of interaction between chloride and the enzyme is discussed, and a model is proposed in which chloride interferes the tyrosinase activity by displacing a catalytically important ligand, probably a histidine residue of the side-chain, from the copper at the enzyme-active site.	Chlorides	108-116	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	132-142
6331509-8	1984	The pH-dependence of the dissociation constant of the myeloperoxidase-chloride complex obtained from the spectral changes induced by chloride is the same as observed in the inhibition by chloride of the binding of cyanide.	Chlorides	133-141	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	54-69
6331509-8	1984	The pH-dependence of the dissociation constant of the myeloperoxidase-chloride complex obtained from the spectral changes induced by chloride is the same as observed in the inhibition by chloride of the binding of cyanide.	Chlorides	133-141	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	54-69
6331509-7	1984	From their effects on the binding of cyanide to the enzyme it is concluded that chloride and thiocyanate bind to myeloperoxidase only when the acid/base group is protonated.	Chlorides	80-88	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	113-128
6331509-8	1984	The pH-dependence of the dissociation constant of the myeloperoxidase-chloride complex obtained from the spectral changes induced by chloride is the same as observed in the inhibition by chloride of the binding of cyanide.	Chlorides	70-78	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	54-69
6199659-4	1984	This hydrolysis is inhibited by the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors captopril, MK-422, and EDTA, and is dependent on the concentration of chloride ion.	Chlorides	147-155	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Oryctolagus cuniculus	36-65
6427219-7	1984	Chloride ion was also found to lower the dissociation constant of the folic acid-FBP complex at 50 degrees C by about 10-fold.	Chlorides	0-8	glycine N-methyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
18963624-2	1984	The effect of the chloride salts of different cations decreased in the order Li(+) &gt; Na(+) &gt; K(+) indicating that Rh(SCN)(6)(3-) is extracted through a simple solvent-extraction mechanism rather than the "cation-chelation" mechanism.	Chlorides	18-26	sorcin	Homo sapiens	123-126
6321330-1	1984	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) catalyse the formation of hypochlorite (OCl-) from chloride ions (OCl-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).	Chlorides	105-113	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	17-20
6540040-7	1984	Solubilisation of the myosin in chloride-free medium and maintenance of a high local myosin concentration are absolute requirements.	Chlorides	32-40	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	22-28
18963565-3	1984	The effect of the chloride salts of various univalent cations on the extraction of Ru(SCN)(6)(3-) indicated that the efficiency of ruthenium extraction depends on how well the cation fits into the polyether segment of the polyurethane foam, which agrees with the "cation-chelation" mechanism.	Chlorides	18-26	sorcin	Homo sapiens	86-89
6317275-4	1984	The ACE activity varied with chloride ion (Cl-) concentrations; the maximum activities in dog, human, monkey and rabbit tissues were obtained at the concentrations of 800, 600, 600 and 300 mmol/l respectively.	Chlorides	29-41	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Canis lupus familiaris	4-7
6535749-5	1984	Chloride conductance was closely related to the extracellular chloride concentration and myotonia was induced when gc1 was 38.3% of the control.	Chlorides	0-8	solute carrier family 25 member 22	Rattus norvegicus	115-118
6195265-4	1983	This inhibition is due to a combination of the diminished release of myeloperoxidase and the scavenging of the luminol oxidant generated by the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-chloride system.	Chlorides	165-173	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	69-84
6315067-1	1983	We investigated the effect of D-penicillamine on the ability of myeloperoxidase, purified from human leukocytes, to catalyse the oxidation of chloride ions to hypochlorite (HOCl) in the presence of H2O2.	Chlorides	142-150	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	64-79
6315067-2	1983	It is shown that, due to the interaction of D-penicillamine with both myeloperoxidase itself and HOCl, the chlorinating activity of myeloperoxidase in the presence of H2O2 and chloride ions is prevented.	Chlorides	176-184	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	70-85
6315067-2	1983	It is shown that, due to the interaction of D-penicillamine with both myeloperoxidase itself and HOCl, the chlorinating activity of myeloperoxidase in the presence of H2O2 and chloride ions is prevented.	Chlorides	176-184	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	132-147
6317019-0	1983	Critical lysine residue at the chloride binding site of angiotensin converting enzyme.	Chlorides	31-39	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	56-85
6201430-8	1984	Ca2+ release was associated with mitochondrial swelling and destruction of the permeability barrier for sucrose and for chloride.	Chlorides	120-128	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
6320729-0	1983	Role of chloride ion as an allosteric activator of angiotensin-converting enzyme.	Chlorides	8-16	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	51-80
6320729-1	1983	The nature of chloride ion as an activator of angiotensin-converting enzyme was studied by a series of kinetic experiments with hog plasma enzyme preparation.	Chlorides	14-26	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	46-75
6320729-5	1983	In addition, in the presence of chloride ion, the apparent Km values were reduced markedly while the Vmax values were not much altered; for example, for the hydrolysis of angiotensin I decapeptide, the Km value decreased by a factor of 50 while only an 18% increase in Vmax was observed when the enzyme was saturated with chloride ion.	Chlorides	32-40	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	171-184
6320729-5	1983	In addition, in the presence of chloride ion, the apparent Km values were reduced markedly while the Vmax values were not much altered; for example, for the hydrolysis of angiotensin I decapeptide, the Km value decreased by a factor of 50 while only an 18% increase in Vmax was observed when the enzyme was saturated with chloride ion.	Chlorides	322-330	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	171-184
6195265-5	1983	Although the polyanions heparin and dextran sulfate were effective in inhibiting luminol-dependent myeloperoxidase-H2O2-chloride chemiluminescence, the uncharged polysaccharide dextran T500 was without effect.	Chlorides	120-128	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	99-114
6195265-4	1983	This inhibition is due to a combination of the diminished release of myeloperoxidase and the scavenging of the luminol oxidant generated by the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-chloride system.	Chlorides	165-173	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	144-159
6416690-2	1983	It was shown that CCl3 radicals add oxygen to form CCl3O2 radicals, which eventually yield three chloride ions and CO2.	Chlorides	97-105	C-C motif chemokine ligand 3	Homo sapiens	18-22
6301581-4	1983	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the ID-PMN population showed increased sensitivity to inhibition by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, and HD-PMN exhibited a 2-3-fold increase in chloride and iodide oxidation per unit of MPO activity compared to ID-PMN.	Chlorides	161-169	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
6308055-2	1983	Stimulation of neutrophil oxygen (O2) metabolism with phorbol myristate acetate or opsonized zymosan resulted in production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of chloride (C1-) to hypochlorous acid (HOC1), and the reaction of HOC1 with the added compounds to yield nitrogen-chlorine (N-C1) derivatives.	Chlorides	192-200	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	153-168
6224573-0	1983	Elevation of urinary trehalase in mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxic rabbits: urinary trehalase as a specific indicator of renal brush border damage.	Chlorides	43-51	trehalase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	21-30
6224573-1	1983	The origin of urinary trehalase in mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxic rabbits was demonstrated with biochemical and immunochemical techniques.	Chlorides	44-52	trehalase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	22-31
6228620-5	1983	Recent studies have provided indirect evidence (through parallel studies on the same tissue of anion-stimulated ATPase activity and chloride fluxes) which suggests a possible involvement of ATPase in net movement of chloride up its electrochemical gradient across plasma membranes.	Chlorides	132-140	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	190-196
6228620-5	1983	Recent studies have provided indirect evidence (through parallel studies on the same tissue of anion-stimulated ATPase activity and chloride fluxes) which suggests a possible involvement of ATPase in net movement of chloride up its electrochemical gradient across plasma membranes.	Chlorides	216-224	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	112-118
6228620-5	1983	Recent studies have provided indirect evidence (through parallel studies on the same tissue of anion-stimulated ATPase activity and chloride fluxes) which suggests a possible involvement of ATPase in net movement of chloride up its electrochemical gradient across plasma membranes.	Chlorides	216-224	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	190-196
6882356-1	1983	Cathepsin D inactivated aldolase at pH values between 4.2 and 5.2; the chloride, sulphate or iodide, but not citrate or acetate, salts of sodium or potassium accelerated the rate of inactivation.	Chlorides	71-79	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	0-11
6301581-4	1983	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the ID-PMN population showed increased sensitivity to inhibition by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, and HD-PMN exhibited a 2-3-fold increase in chloride and iodide oxidation per unit of MPO activity compared to ID-PMN.	Chlorides	161-169	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	17-20
6187481-1	1983	Intravenous administration of mouse myelin basic protein covalently coupled with chromic chloride to syngeneic spleen cells (MBP-SC) prevents the subsequent induction of experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE).	Chlorides	89-97	myelin basic protein	Mus musculus	36-56
6413737-9	1983	It was concluded that cytochrome P-450 associated with aminopyrine N-demethylation is different from that of aniline hydroxylation in the hydrophobic environment of microsomes, and sulfate or chloride causes an enhancement of only cytochrome P-450 activity associated with the demethylation.	Chlorides	192-200	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-38
6413737-9	1983	It was concluded that cytochrome P-450 associated with aminopyrine N-demethylation is different from that of aniline hydroxylation in the hydrophobic environment of microsomes, and sulfate or chloride causes an enhancement of only cytochrome P-450 activity associated with the demethylation.	Chlorides	192-200	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	231-247
6303178-0	1983	Effect of chloride on renin and blood pressure responses to sodium chloride.	Chlorides	10-18	renin	Rattus norvegicus	22-27
6303178-4	1983	Plasma renin activity was stimulated by selective chloride depletion.	Chlorides	50-58	renin	Rattus norvegicus	7-12
6303178-7	1983	Thus, both the renin and possibly the blood pressure responses to sodium chloride are dependent on chloride.	Chlorides	73-81	renin	Rattus norvegicus	15-20
6337960-2	1983	We have previously suggested that inhibition of renin release by sodium chloride is related to absorptive chloride transport in the loop of Henle.	Chlorides	72-80	renin	Rattus norvegicus	48-53
6831844-3	1983	A non-absorbable tracer, 51Cr-chromic chloride, was administered firstly with 58Co-labelled vitamin B12 and then three hours later with 57Co-labelled vitamin B12 and then three hours later with 57Co-labelled vitamin B12 plus 50 mg hog intrinsic factor which normalises B12 malabsorption in patients with pernicious anaemia.	Chlorides	38-46	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	100-103
6831844-3	1983	A non-absorbable tracer, 51Cr-chromic chloride, was administered firstly with 58Co-labelled vitamin B12 and then three hours later with 57Co-labelled vitamin B12 and then three hours later with 57Co-labelled vitamin B12 plus 50 mg hog intrinsic factor which normalises B12 malabsorption in patients with pernicious anaemia.	Chlorides	38-46	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	158-161
6831844-3	1983	A non-absorbable tracer, 51Cr-chromic chloride, was administered firstly with 58Co-labelled vitamin B12 and then three hours later with 57Co-labelled vitamin B12 and then three hours later with 57Co-labelled vitamin B12 plus 50 mg hog intrinsic factor which normalises B12 malabsorption in patients with pernicious anaemia.	Chlorides	38-46	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	158-161
6831844-3	1983	A non-absorbable tracer, 51Cr-chromic chloride, was administered firstly with 58Co-labelled vitamin B12 and then three hours later with 57Co-labelled vitamin B12 and then three hours later with 57Co-labelled vitamin B12 plus 50 mg hog intrinsic factor which normalises B12 malabsorption in patients with pernicious anaemia.	Chlorides	38-46	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	158-161
6128286-9	1983	The data suggest that somatostatin inhibited bile salt-independent canalicular or ductular secretion, because bile flow, chloride, and bicarbonate output, and the biliary clearance of erythritol were significantly reduced, while bile salt output remained unchanged.	Chlorides	121-129	somatostatin	Canis lupus familiaris	22-34
6295926-8	1983	Under the experimental conditions employed, PMA-activated neutrophils incubated with BCNU-treated Raji cells became cytotoxic also in the presence of the chloride ion alone as myeloperoxidase co-factor.	Chlorides	154-162	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	176-191
6337502-1	1983	We have previously suggested that renin secretion is inversely related to the magnitude of absorptive chloride transport in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle.	Chlorides	102-110	renin	Homo sapiens	34-39
6337502-9	1983	The results are consistent with the hypothesis that potassium depletion stimulates renin release by inhibiting chloride transport in the loop of Henle.	Chlorides	111-119	renin	Homo sapiens	83-88
6292181-0	1982	A kinetic analysis of the interaction of human myeloperoxidase with hydrogen peroxide, chloride ions, and protons.	Chlorides	87-95	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	47-62
7142703-4	1982	It requires low numbers of viable neutrophils and physiologic concentrations of chloride and is blocked by addition of azide, cyanide, catalase, or methionine, but not methionine sulfoxide, superoxide dismutase, or heated catalase.	Chlorides	80-88	catalase	Homo sapiens	135-143
7142703-4	1982	It requires low numbers of viable neutrophils and physiologic concentrations of chloride and is blocked by addition of azide, cyanide, catalase, or methionine, but not methionine sulfoxide, superoxide dismutase, or heated catalase.	Chlorides	80-88	catalase	Homo sapiens	222-230
6185151-3	1982	The present study used fluorescence and equilibrium dialysis to investigate the effects of the N-B transition, chloride, calcium and fatty acids on the specific binding sites I and II on human serum albumin.	Chlorides	111-119	albumin	Homo sapiens	193-206
6295461-1	1982	Myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of chloride (Cl-) to hypochlorous acid (HOCl) resulted in formation of mono- and dichloramine derivatives (RNHCl and RNCl2) of primary amines.	Chlorides	39-47	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
6125894-0	1982	Bradykinin receptor-mediated chloride secretion in intestinal function.	Chlorides	29-37	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
6286728-11	1982	Thus, it appears that stimulated human neutrophils can utilize the hydrogen peroxide-myeloperoxidase-chloride system to generate taurine chloramine.	Chlorides	101-109	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	85-100
6286728-2	1982	The model hydrogen peroxide-myeloperoxidase-chloride system is capable of generating the powerful oxidant hypochlorous acid, which can be quantitated by trapping the generated species with the beta-amino acid, taurine.	Chlorides	44-52	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	28-43
6286728-4	1982	Using this system, purified myeloperoxidase in the presence of chloride and taurine converted stoichiometric quantities of hydrogen peroxide to taurine chloramine.	Chlorides	63-71	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	28-43
7143552-6	1982	Ethacrynic acid and bumetanide given orally or intravenously, frusemide given orally and ADH intranasally reduced urinary chloride excretion; these same drugs by the same routes also reduced faecal chloride excretion.	Chlorides	122-130	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	89-92
7047682-5	1982	When the chloride in the incubation mixture was replaced with various monovalent anions (Br-, I-, or isethionate), the magnitude of the MgATP-stimulated release of LHRH was not related to the size of the anion.	Chlorides	9-17	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	164-168
6955794-8	1982	When hypochlorous acid (HOCl)-considered to be a natural product of the interaction of myeloperoxidase, H(2)O(2), and chloride ion-was formed chemically and allowed to react with LTC(4), the resulting products were indistinguishable by UV and HPLC analyses from the doublet II and doublet III metabolites of LTC(4).	Chlorides	118-126	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	87-102
6979941-0	1982	Effects of bicarbonate and pH on chloride transport by gastric mucosa.	Chlorides	33-41	solute carrier family 25 member 3	Homo sapiens	27-29
7044145-1	1982	To evaluate the contribution of chloride to the suppression of plasma renin activity (PRA) by KCl, PRA was measured before and after venous infusions of KCl, KHCO3, KNO3, and KC2H3O2 in dietary NaCl-restricted rats.	Chlorides	32-40	renin	Rattus norvegicus	70-75
6281334-1	1982	The slow-reacting substance (SRS) bioactivity of leukotrienes C4 (LTC4) and D4 (LTD4) was rapidly decreased by incubation with eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), H2O2, and iodide, bromide, or to a lesser degree, chloride, LTB4 chemotactic activity was also decreased by the EPO-H2-H2-halide system, although at a slower rate.	Chlorides	206-214	eosinophil peroxidase	Equus caballus	127-148
7108786-23	1982	We conclude that a(Cl) (i) is lower than predicted from a passive distribution and thus the chloride equilibrium potential (E(Cl)) is more negative than E(m).	Chlorides	92-100	C-C motif chemokine ligand 21	Homo sapiens	124-129
6179664-1	1982	Serum IgE levels can be measured by reverse passive antiglobulin haemagglutination (RPAH) using trypsin-treated human red cells coupled to anti-human IgE by chronic chloride.	Chlorides	165-173	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	6-9
6179664-1	1982	Serum IgE levels can be measured by reverse passive antiglobulin haemagglutination (RPAH) using trypsin-treated human red cells coupled to anti-human IgE by chronic chloride.	Chlorides	165-173	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	150-153
7041980-4	1982	Horse eosinophil peroxidase is a strongly basic protein with bacterial properties when combined with H2O2 and iodide, bromide or, to a lesser degree, chloride.	Chlorides	150-158	eosinophil peroxidase	Equus caballus	6-27
6282905-4	1982	Bromide and iodide were much more effective than chloride in the myeloperoxidase-mediated oxidation of methionine.	Chlorides	49-57	myeloperoxidase	Canis lupus familiaris	65-80
7076122-6	1982	By radiolabeling with [3H]dansyl chloride, two poly(A)-associated proteins with molecular masses of 77,000 Da (P77) and 54,000 Da (P54) were identified.	Chlorides	33-41	interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2	Mus musculus	131-134
6276438-8	1982	Hypochlorous acid scavengers prevented CEM destruction by the glucose oxidase-myeloperoxidase-chloride system but neither hydroxyl radical nor singlet oxygen scavengers had any protective effect.	Chlorides	94-102	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	78-93
6276438-10	1982	Based on these observations we propose that human monocytes or granulocytes can utilize the hydrogen peroxide-myeloperoxidase-chloride system to generate hypochlorous acid or species of similar reactivity as a potential mediator of CEM destruction.	Chlorides	126-134	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	110-125
7068574-8	1982	Dissociation constants (Kd) were estimated to be 2.5, 0.23, and 26 M for chloride, fluoride, and bromide complexes with catalase, respectively, and there is no heme-heme interaction during formation of the catalase-halide complexes as estimated from the Hill plot.	Chlorides	73-81	catalase	Homo sapiens	120-128
7054637-8	1982	Also, our results seem to throw some additional light upon the relationships among the benzodiazepine receptor, the GABA receptor, and the chloride ionophore.	Chlorides	139-147	GABA type A receptor-associated protein	Homo sapiens	116-129
7068574-7	1982	From these changes and also changes in CD spectra, we deduced that fluoride, chloride, and bromide ions can bind with heme iron of the catalase molecule as ligands to form stable catalase-halide complexes, but iodide ions showed a different reactivity with catalase from other halides and may cause gross alteration in the structure or conformation of catalase.	Chlorides	77-85	catalase	Homo sapiens	135-143
7068574-7	1982	From these changes and also changes in CD spectra, we deduced that fluoride, chloride, and bromide ions can bind with heme iron of the catalase molecule as ligands to form stable catalase-halide complexes, but iodide ions showed a different reactivity with catalase from other halides and may cause gross alteration in the structure or conformation of catalase.	Chlorides	77-85	catalase	Homo sapiens	179-187
7068574-7	1982	From these changes and also changes in CD spectra, we deduced that fluoride, chloride, and bromide ions can bind with heme iron of the catalase molecule as ligands to form stable catalase-halide complexes, but iodide ions showed a different reactivity with catalase from other halides and may cause gross alteration in the structure or conformation of catalase.	Chlorides	77-85	catalase	Homo sapiens	179-187
7068574-7	1982	From these changes and also changes in CD spectra, we deduced that fluoride, chloride, and bromide ions can bind with heme iron of the catalase molecule as ligands to form stable catalase-halide complexes, but iodide ions showed a different reactivity with catalase from other halides and may cause gross alteration in the structure or conformation of catalase.	Chlorides	77-85	catalase	Homo sapiens	179-187
6974735-10	1981	Analysis of small areas of I-band and large areas, including several sarcomeres, suggested that chloride is anisotropically distributed, with some of it probably bound to myosin.	Chlorides	96-104	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	171-177
7074281-1	1982	1 The recent demonstration of the chloride-dependence of the red cell Na-K cotransport system suggests an analogy between this process and the active Cl- absorption in the ascending loop of Henle, which is the target transport system for loop diuretics.	Chlorides	34-42	TANK binding kinase 1	Homo sapiens	70-74
6121670-8	1982	The data suggest that furosemide may affect an active chloride transport system involving a C1-/HCO-3-ATPase.	Chlorides	54-62	dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 8	Mus musculus	102-108
7032320-0	1981	Dietary chloride modifies renin release in normal humans.	Chlorides	8-16	renin	Homo sapiens	26-31
6787081-2	1981	By using special test solutions that revealed different aspects of jejunal transport, we were able to evaluate the effect of VIP on specific transport processes, such as active bicarbonate absorption, active chloride secretion, and passive absorption or secretion of sodium chloride.	Chlorides	208-216	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	125-128
6787081-3	1981	At an infusion rate of 200 pmol/kg per h, VIP inhibited active bicarbonate absorption by approximately 42%, stimulated active chloride secretion to a slight extent, and slightly reduced passive sodium chloride absorption.	Chlorides	126-134	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	42-45
6787081-4	1981	A larger dose of VIP, 400 pmol/kg per h, had essentially the same effect on active bicarbonate absorption and active chloride secretion, but it markedly depressed passive sodium chloride absorption and also inhibited passive secretion induced by mannitol.	Chlorides	117-125	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	17-20
6787081-5	1981	VIP reduced the lumen-to-plasma unidirectional sodium and chloride flux rates, while the plasma-to-lumen flux rates were decreased to a lesser extent or remained unchanged.	Chlorides	58-66	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
6260684-9	1981	A sample of a very highly purified human myeloperoxidase functioned in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and either iodide or chloride to prevent germination of both blastospores and conidiospores.	Chlorides	126-134	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	41-56
6164598-0	1981	Active chloride transport by the skin of a marine teleost is stimulated by urotensin I and inhibited by urotensin II.	Chlorides	7-15	urotensin 2	Homo sapiens	104-116
7248279-0	1981	Kinetic and chlorine-35 nuclear magnetic resonance studies in the effect of chloride on the properties of chicken liver dihydrofolate reductase.	Chlorides	76-84	dihydrofolate reductase	Gallus gallus	120-143
7466368-2	1981	Experiments with different gases used to generate the negative-chemical-ionization plasma indicated that the ion at m/z 463 was a chloride adduca of a Cl6 molecule with a mass of 428 daltons.	Chlorides	130-138	insulin induced gene 1	Homo sapiens	151-154
6260646-3	1981	ACE activity was dependent on both substrate and chloride ion concentration and was inhibited by captopril in a manner similar to that observed previously with tissue homogenates.	Chlorides	49-57	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-3
6785719-0	1981	pH aspects of transient changes in conduction velocity in isolated heart fibers after partial replacement of chloride with organic anions.	Chlorides	109-117	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-2
6785719-2	1981	When 20mmol/l of chloride was replaced by 20 mmol/l lactate or other anions of weak organic acids at constant pH 6.8, biphasic initial transient changes in conduction velocity were observed.	Chlorides	17-25	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	110-112
7017580-1	1981	The role of chloride deficiency in the generation of hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis with elevated plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone levels, normal blood pressure, and a renal concentrating defect was studied in six infants given a soy formula that was deficient in chloride.	Chlorides	12-20	renin	Homo sapiens	106-111
6258635-8	1981	Myeloperoxidase, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and chloride ion, and no other substrate, autoinactivates.	Chlorides	58-66	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
6258828-3	1981	When assayed with the method described, ACE is optimally active at pH 8 with a calcium concentration exceeding 0.75 mmol/l urine, and is chloride independent.	Chlorides	137-145	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	40-43
6111426-5	1981	These results indicate that cytochrome P-450 catalyzes the oxidative dehalogenation of CHF2OCF2CHCIF at its CHCIF group to form CHF2OCF2CO2H and chloride and fluoride ions.	Chlorides	145-153	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-44
6786910-3	1981	It is concluded that CA3 neurons generate at least two types of hyperpolarization: one resulting from a calcium-mediated potassium conductance and the other from increased conductance to chloride.	Chlorides	187-195	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	21-24
7448217-5	1980	Dissipation kinetics of chloride potential caused by the SR membrane permeability for Me2+ is used for quantitative analysis of this permeability.	Chlorides	24-32	malic enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	86-89
6244848-2	1980	The reaction of myeloperoxidase with fluoride, chloride and azide has been studied by EPR.	Chlorides	47-55	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	16-31
6253528-10	1980	In the case of PMA-stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes or monocytes, extracellular myeloperoxidase may have also played a role in alpha(1)-Pi inactivation since serum EIC was partly protected by azide, cyanide, or the depletion of extracellular chloride.	Chlorides	249-257	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	87-102
6255744-6	1980	Unlike cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP almost equally stimulated sodium and chloride transport from serosa to mucosa.	Chlorides	67-75	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	26-29
6255744-7	1980	Unlike cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP almost equally stimulated sodium and chloride transport from serosa to mucosa, while the effect on Isc of the two nucleotides was additive.	Chlorides	67-75	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	26-29
6994510-0	1980	Inhibition of renin secretion by HCl is related to chloride in both dog and rat.	Chlorides	51-59	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	14-19
6105183-3	1980	Chloride ions, phenylbutazone and acenocoumarin seem to displace phenprocoumon from its primary binding site on human serum albumin.	Chlorides	0-8	albumin	Bos taurus	118-131
6102949-0	1980	Somatostatin stimulates sodium and chloride absorption in the rabbit ileum.	Chlorides	35-43	somatostatin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-12
7419720-8	1980	AVP increased unidirectional chloride flux from lumen to bath from 29.3 +/- 3.2 to 69.8 +/- 6.2 peq/cm per s (P &lt; 0.001) in spite of an increase in the lumen positive PD from 1.6 +/- 0.5 mV to 7.0 +/- 0.6 mV (P &lt; 0.001).	Chlorides	29-37	arginine vasopressin	Mus musculus	0-3
7419720-10	1980	In another series of experiments, net chloride flux increased from 15.6 +/- 3.0 to 41.7 +/- 5.3 peq/cm per s (P &lt; 0.05) after addition of AVP.	Chlorides	38-46	arginine vasopressin	Mus musculus	141-144
7419720-14	1980	These results suggest that AVP has a second site of action in the kidney to increase chloride transport by the medullary thick ascending limb in addition to its well-known effect on the water permeability of the collecting tubule.	Chlorides	85-93	arginine vasopressin	Mus musculus	27-30
6244848-9	1980	Upon addition of chloride or fluoride to low-spin azido-myeloperoxidase this compound is converted into the high-spin chlorido- or fluorido-myeloperoxidase.	Chlorides	17-25	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	56-71
6244848-9	1980	Upon addition of chloride or fluoride to low-spin azido-myeloperoxidase this compound is converted into the high-spin chlorido- or fluorido-myeloperoxidase.	Chlorides	17-25	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	140-155
6987309-4	1980	Activity with physiologic concentrations of chloride was favored by a relatively high EPO level, a decrease in pH below neutrality and an absence of extraneous protein.	Chlorides	44-52	erythropoietin	Cavia porcellus	86-89
6987309-1	1980	A partially purified preparation of guinea pig eosinophil peroxidase was found to be bactericidal when combined with H2O2 and either iodide, bromide, chloride, or thiocyanate ions.	Chlorides	150-158	eosinophil peroxidase	Cavia porcellus	47-68
6987310-4	1980	The MCG/EPO complex retained the capacity of the isolated EPO to catalyze the iodination reaction when supplemented with iodide, H2O2, and a protein acceptor and to kill microorganisms when supplemented with H2O2 and a halide (iodide, chloride).	Chlorides	235-243	eosinophil peroxidase	Homo sapiens	8-11
6987309-3	1980	When the EPO concentration of the reaction mixture was lowered, the bactericidal effect at pH 7.0 was lost first with chloride, then with bromide, and finally with iodide as the halide.	Chlorides	118-126	erythropoietin	Cavia porcellus	9-12
6987310-4	1980	The MCG/EPO complex retained the capacity of the isolated EPO to catalyze the iodination reaction when supplemented with iodide, H2O2, and a protein acceptor and to kill microorganisms when supplemented with H2O2 and a halide (iodide, chloride).	Chlorides	235-243	eosinophil peroxidase	Homo sapiens	58-61
6249157-3	1980	Finally, the role of chloride in the maintenance of pH1 has been discussed.	Chlorides	21-29	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	52-55
7350058-4	1980	Somatostatin infusion for 2 hr (8 microgram/kg/hr) reversed chloride secretion to absorption and markedly enhanced water and sodium absorption.	Chlorides	60-68	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	0-12
6249157-11	1980	Chloride efflux from several neurons appears to be involved in the regulation of intracellular pH (pHI).	Chlorides	0-8	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	99-102
6249157-12	1980	When pHi is made acidic, chloride efflux from the squid giant axon increases and this stimulation requires cellular ATP and external HCO3-.	Chlorides	25-33	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	5-8
553557-0	1979	[Variations of chlorides and bicarbonates in pancreatic juice in response to increasing doses of secretin and cholecystokinin].	Chlorides	15-24	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	97-105
500014-3	1979	It is further demonstrated that ATP citrate lyase is activated by various anions including chloride, hydrogen carbonate, and acetate.	Chlorides	91-99	ATP citrate lyase	Rattus norvegicus	32-49
553557-0	1979	[Variations of chlorides and bicarbonates in pancreatic juice in response to increasing doses of secretin and cholecystokinin].	Chlorides	15-24	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	110-126
38945-6	1979	The alpha-L-iduronidases from normal and Scheie fibroblast homogenates were shown to exhibit pH optima at 3.6 and 4.1 and were competitively inhibited by both chloride and sulphate ions: Hurler alpha-L-iduronidase activity exhibited the pH optimum at 3.8 and was also inhibited by chloride and to a lesser extent by sulphate ions.	Chlorides	159-167	alpha-L-iduronidase	Homo sapiens	4-23
38945-6	1979	The alpha-L-iduronidases from normal and Scheie fibroblast homogenates were shown to exhibit pH optima at 3.6 and 4.1 and were competitively inhibited by both chloride and sulphate ions: Hurler alpha-L-iduronidase activity exhibited the pH optimum at 3.8 and was also inhibited by chloride and to a lesser extent by sulphate ions.	Chlorides	281-289	alpha-L-iduronidase	Homo sapiens	4-23
314308-1	1979	The responses of isolated frog skin to 5-hydroxytryptamine (increased active sodium transport and decreased passive chloride permeability) are diminished by incubation with the enzymes neuraminidase and N-acetylneuraminic acid aldolase but only in the absence of Ca2+ and presence of EDTA.	Chlorides	116-124	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	185-198
314308-1	1979	The responses of isolated frog skin to 5-hydroxytryptamine (increased active sodium transport and decreased passive chloride permeability) are diminished by incubation with the enzymes neuraminidase and N-acetylneuraminic acid aldolase but only in the absence of Ca2+ and presence of EDTA.	Chlorides	116-124	N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate lyase	Homo sapiens	203-235
314873-2	1979	Anti-IgA antibodies were detected by haemagglutination of human erythrocytes coated with one of two IgA myelomas by the chromic chloride technique.	Chlorides	128-136	CD79a molecule	Homo sapiens	5-8
480334-8	1979	Chloride substitution with isethionate or sulfate resulted in smaller changes of cell membrane potentials and Eb and in no significant change of Rb, indicating small but measurable values of GCl and PCl.	Chlorides	0-8	germ cell-less 2, spermatogenesis associated	Homo sapiens	191-194
390289-0	1979	A mercuric chloride resistant lid for Tissue Tek II cassettes.	Chlorides	11-19	TEK receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	45-48
36133-1	1979	The enhancement of the 35Cl- transverse relaxation rate on binding of chloride ions to oxidized and reduced cytochrome c has been studied under conditions of variable sodium chloride concentration, temperature, pH, sodium phosphate, iron hexacyanide, and sodium cyanide concentration.	Chlorides	70-78	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	108-120
428074-0	1979	Stimulation of renin by acute selective chloride depletion in the rat.	Chlorides	40-48	renin	Rattus norvegicus	15-20
428074-16	1979	We conclude that acute selective chloride depletion per se is a potent stimulus for renin release.	Chlorides	33-41	renin	Rattus norvegicus	84-89
35596-9	1979	Shifts in peak potential due to temperature and concentration changes agreed with calculations based on critical pitting potential for gamma2 dissolution due to a chloride reaction.	Chlorides	163-171	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	135-141
36154-5	1979	Chloride competed with cyanide for binding at the active site of myeloperoxidase.	Chlorides	0-8	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	65-80
31796-0	1978	Importance of chloride for acute inhibition of renin by sodium chloride.	Chlorides	14-22	renin	Rattus norvegicus	47-52
744810-3	1978	Milk from cows with evidence of udder infection had higher sodium and chloride and lower potassium than cows free of mastitis.	Chlorides	70-78	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
45223-3	1979	Acid pH and chloride ions in the media reduced the activity of the HCO3--stimulated ATPase.	Chlorides	12-20	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	84-90
18962388-3	1979	With the Brdicka reagent, hexa-amminecobalt(III) chloride, various serum proteins can be determined in the range 5-50 mug/ml.	Chlorides	49-57	hexosaminidase subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	26-30
531517-3	1979	The concentration of sodium in duodenal juice was constant, but the chloride concentration dropped significantly during secretin stimulation.	Chlorides	68-76	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	120-128
31796-5	1978	These results suggest that inhibition of renin by sodium is dependent on an intrarenal effect of chloride.	Chlorides	97-105	renin	Rattus norvegicus	41-46
31796-7	1978	The association of renin inhibition and increased TcH2O indirectly supports the hypothesis that renin suppression by chloride is related to the magnitude of absorptive chloride transport in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle.	Chlorides	117-125	renin	Rattus norvegicus	19-24
31796-7	1978	The association of renin inhibition and increased TcH2O indirectly supports the hypothesis that renin suppression by chloride is related to the magnitude of absorptive chloride transport in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle.	Chlorides	117-125	renin	Rattus norvegicus	96-101
31796-7	1978	The association of renin inhibition and increased TcH2O indirectly supports the hypothesis that renin suppression by chloride is related to the magnitude of absorptive chloride transport in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle.	Chlorides	168-176	renin	Rattus norvegicus	19-24
753402-1	1978	I. Alkali chlorides in isoionic bovine serum albumin solutions.	Chlorides	10-19	albumin	Homo sapiens	39-52
31796-7	1978	The association of renin inhibition and increased TcH2O indirectly supports the hypothesis that renin suppression by chloride is related to the magnitude of absorptive chloride transport in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle.	Chlorides	168-176	renin	Rattus norvegicus	96-101
253374-5	1978	Higher doses (140 pmol.h-1) were significantly pressor and caused increased excretion of sodium, chloride, urea and creatinine.	Chlorides	97-105	H1.5 linker histone, cluster member	Homo sapiens	23-26
727996-6	1978	It is concluded that secretion of CCK-evoked fluid is independent of the secretion of digestive enzymes and that the carrier fluid is actually alkaline, like secretin-evoked fluid, and only becomes neutral and chloride-rich by interaction with the acidic contents of zymogen granules.	Chlorides	210-218	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
681358-10	1978	The products of the model reaction and the covalently bound FAD of lipoamide dehydrogenase appear to be the result of a nucleophilic attack on the carbon at position 8 of the flavin ring by a thiolate anion, displacing the chloride.	Chlorides	223-231	dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	67-90
150603-0	1978	Effects of chloride, nitrate and sulfate on ATPase of renal cortex and medulla.	Chlorides	11-19	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	44-50
684805-2	1978	Using this property, protein A coupled to sheep red blood cells via chromic chloride can detect alloantibodies to mouse H-2, Thy-1, Ly-1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7, and Ia antigenic specificities bound to the surface of lymphocytes by the formation of rosettes.	Chlorides	76-84	histocompatibility-2, MHC	Mus musculus	120-123
684805-2	1978	Using this property, protein A coupled to sheep red blood cells via chromic chloride can detect alloantibodies to mouse H-2, Thy-1, Ly-1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7, and Ia antigenic specificities bound to the surface of lymphocytes by the formation of rosettes.	Chlorides	76-84	thymus cell antigen 1, theta	Mus musculus	125-130
623259-1	1978	Intrarenal arterial infusions of sodium and potassium salts with anions other than chloride were given to evaluate the role of the chloride ion in influencing renin secretion (RS).	Chlorides	131-139	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	159-164
209818-2	1978	The rate constant for the reaction was found to be independent of ionic strength up to 0.1 M chloride, and to decrease rapidly at higher ionic strength, suggesting that the interaction between cytochrome c1 and cytochrome c was primarily electrostatic.	Chlorides	93-101	cytochrome c1	Homo sapiens	193-206
209818-2	1978	The rate constant for the reaction was found to be independent of ionic strength up to 0.1 M chloride, and to decrease rapidly at higher ionic strength, suggesting that the interaction between cytochrome c1 and cytochrome c was primarily electrostatic.	Chlorides	93-101	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	193-205
659596-5	1978	VIP caused secretion of water and electrolytes; for example, chloride: control, 8 mueq/cm per h absorption; VIP, 92 mueq/cm per h secretion.	Chlorides	61-69	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	0-3
624406-0	1978	The monovalent anions chloride and azide as potent activators of NaF- and p(NH)ppG-stimulation of pancreatic adenylate cyclase.	Chlorides	22-30	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	65-68
342137-1	1978	Cholinesterase phenotyping is done at 25 degrees C with use of benzoylcholine as substrate and dibucaine, fluoride, chloride, and succinyldicholine as inhibitors.	Chlorides	116-124	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	0-14
225142-2	1978	After phagocytosis, MPO is released into the phagosome from adjacent granules where it interacts with H2O2 generated either by leukocytic or microbial metabolism and a halide such as chloride or iodide to form agents toxic to the ingested organisms.	Chlorides	183-191	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	20-23
658037-5	1978	The analysis of the effects of various inhibitors of mouse brain glutamate decarboxylase on the human enzyme confirms the strong competitive inhibition caused by 3-mercaptopropionic acid (Ki = 2.7 x 10(-6) M) while the Ki values for allylglycine and chloride ion are 1.8 x 10(-2) M and 2.2 x 10(-2) M, respectively.	Chlorides	250-258	glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthetase)	Mus musculus	65-88
206667-0	1978	Subcellular localization and partial purification of a chloride dependent angiotensin-I converting enzyme from rat brain.	Chlorides	55-63	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	74-105
651121-0	1978	Contribution of chloride to the inhibition of plasma renin by sodium chloride in the rat.	Chlorides	16-24	renin	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
623290-9	1978	Secretin-induced bile had a high total concentration of electrolyte (mean concentration 367 meq/liter) rich in chloride and bicarbonate and was hypertonic.	Chlorides	111-119	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	0-8
623259-10	1978	The results with sodium lactate favor a role for sodium compared with chloride in mediating the decreased renin release, but there are other possible interpretations which have been discussed.	Chlorides	70-78	renin	Canis lupus familiaris	106-111
414740-2	1977	A new method was devised for the estimation of human galactosylceramide, lactosylceramide, and GMI-ganglioside beta-galactosidase activities in the presence of their mouse counterparts, which takes advantage of the reproducible specific activity of lysosomal hydrolases under a given set of culture conditions and is based on differences in both pH optima and sensitivity to chloride ion.	Chlorides	375-383	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	111-129
200263-4	1977	The enzyme requires chloride ion for activity and is inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, angiotensin II, bradykinin, bradykinin potentiating factor nonapeptide, and 3-mercapto-2-D-methylpropanoyl-L-proline (SQ-14,225).	Chlorides	20-28	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	99-113
200263-4	1977	The enzyme requires chloride ion for activity and is inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, angiotensin II, bradykinin, bradykinin potentiating factor nonapeptide, and 3-mercapto-2-D-methylpropanoyl-L-proline (SQ-14,225).	Chlorides	20-28	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	115-125
200263-4	1977	The enzyme requires chloride ion for activity and is inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, angiotensin II, bradykinin, bradykinin potentiating factor nonapeptide, and 3-mercapto-2-D-methylpropanoyl-L-proline (SQ-14,225).	Chlorides	20-28	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	127-137
879321-4	1977	During perfusion with low bicarbonate-high chloride fluids at pH 7.4, the PTH-induced changes in fluid absorption were eliminated but no change occurred in phosphate transport.	Chlorides	43-51	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	74-77
908483-3	1977	The duct cells responded to increasing doses of secretin by producing more juice with increasing outputs of bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, and chloride.	Chlorides	144-152	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	48-56
21992-4	1977	The study showed that antacids elicited significantly greater gastrin responses than their non-buffering chloride compounds and that the rise of gastrin after a single dose of antacid was small but significant in duodenal ulcer patients and insignificant in non-ulcer controls.	Chlorides	105-113	gastrin	Homo sapiens	145-152
21223-2	1977	When intracellular chloride activity (aiCl) was monitored with chloride-sensitive liquid ion exchanges (CLIX) microelectrodes in Balanus photoreceptors, replacement of extracellular chloride (Cl0) by methanesulfonate or glutamate was followed by a rapid but incomplete loss of aiCl.	Chlorides	19-27	C-type lectin domain family 2 member B	Homo sapiens	38-42
21223-2	1977	When intracellular chloride activity (aiCl) was monitored with chloride-sensitive liquid ion exchanges (CLIX) microelectrodes in Balanus photoreceptors, replacement of extracellular chloride (Cl0) by methanesulfonate or glutamate was followed by a rapid but incomplete loss of aiCl.	Chlorides	63-71	C-type lectin domain family 2 member B	Homo sapiens	38-42
21223-2	1977	When intracellular chloride activity (aiCl) was monitored with chloride-sensitive liquid ion exchanges (CLIX) microelectrodes in Balanus photoreceptors, replacement of extracellular chloride (Cl0) by methanesulfonate or glutamate was followed by a rapid but incomplete loss of aiCl.	Chlorides	63-71	C-type lectin domain family 2 member B	Homo sapiens	38-42
23429-0	1977	The role of bicarbonate, chloride and sodium ions in the regulation of intracellular pH in snail neurones.	Chlorides	25-33	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	85-87
904971-6	1977	In the formulas PAM, P2 and P3 differences in renal net acid excretion correlated with differences in chloride and sulfur contents of the diets and of the urines.	Chlorides	102-110	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Homo sapiens	16-19
194012-2	1977	As in liver, cytochrome P-450 in brain is degraded in vitro to its inactive form, cytochrome P-420 by methylmercury chloride.	Chlorides	116-124	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-29
830596-3	1977	During GIP infusion, net water Na, K, and HCO3 absorption was significantly reduced and chloride flux was switched from absorption to secretion when compared to pre- and post-GIP control periods (p less than 0.001).	Chlorides	88-96	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	7-10
856606-9	1977	The effects of ANCA in the AChE-inhibited and in the non-inhibited diaphragm could be mimicked by incubation in low chloride media.	Chlorides	116-124	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	27-31
16250336-5	1977	At optimal concentrations of H+ and Mg2+, the amount of Ca2+ accumulated during the transient is augmented by various anions, in the order maleate &gt; or = propionate &gt; or = succinate &gt; chloride &gt; sulfate &gt; acetylglycine.	Chlorides	193-201	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	56-59
842652-3	1977	The average chloride conductance (gcl, in mumho/cm2) of normal muscles was 845 (G) and 1,025 (S).	Chlorides	12-20	germ cell-less 1, spermatogenesis associated	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
842652-5	1977	In separate measurements, the contribution of the chloride conductance (gcl) to the total membrane conductance (gm) was 89% for normal G and S. Two weeks after denervation the average gcl decreased to 440 in G and 191 in S; gk increased to 205 in G and to 364 in S in the presence of 0.1 mM Ca in solution; the increase in gk was less when measurements were made in the presence of 3mM Ca and 1 mM Mg.	Chlorides	50-58	germ cell-less 1, spermatogenesis associated	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
11778-3	1976	4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (Nbd chloride) was used as a reactivity probe to characterize the active centres of papin (EC 3.4.22.2), ficin (EC 3.4.22.3) and bromelain (EC 3.4.22.4).	Chlorides	45-53	OXA1L mitochondrial inner membrane protein	Homo sapiens	24-29
30731547-11	1977	Literature data suggest the following changes in the milk composition from quarters definitely positive to mastitis screening tests based on somatic cell counts compared to normal quarters (values represent percent of normal): total solids (92), lactose (85), fat (88), total protein (100), caseins (82), whey protein (162), chloride (161), sodium (136), potassium (91), pH (105), lipase activity (116), and acid degree value (183).	Chlorides	325-333	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	53-57
984192-8	1976	The failure of NaHCO3 and KHCO3 to inhibit renin suggests a role for chloride in mediating the renin responses to Na+ and K+.	Chlorides	69-77	renin	Rattus norvegicus	95-100
961870-4	1976	Insulin caused marked increases in bile flow, chloride output, and biliary clearance of erythritol and small increases in bicarbonate output and bile salt output.	Chlorides	46-54	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	0-7
182702-4	1976	Myeloperoxidase isolated from human leukocytes is cytotoxic when combined with H2O2 and chloride.	Chlorides	88-96	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
181981-3	1976	The chloride requirement and inhibition and activation patterns correspond to those for angiotensin-converting enzyme.	Chlorides	4-12	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	88-117
6963-3	1976	Angiotensin converting enzyme in lymph nodes from subjects with sarcoidosis was similar to the enzyme from normal lung and lymph node with respect to activity as a function of pH, inhibition of activity by EDTA and o-phenanthroline, gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, and requirement for chloride for activity, but appeared to be more heat labile.	Chlorides	287-295	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	0-29
8435-3	1976	Ca2&amp; incorporated in vesicles of sarcoplasmic reticulum fragments (SRF) by diffusion could be released rapidly by changing the ionic environment, by dilution from methanesulfonate (MS) to chloride.	Chlorides	192-200	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
817737-0	1976	Identity and properties of the chloride effector binding site in hog pancreatic alpha-amylase.	Chlorides	31-39	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	69-93
820464-0	1976	[Influence of chloride ions on the kinetic parameters of rat brain choline acetyltransferase].	Chlorides	14-22	choline O-acetyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	67-92
1268755-1	1976	The isoenzymes of rat-liver lysosomal beta-glucuronidase (beta-D-glucuronide glucuronosohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.31)) were inactivated at different rates at 0 degrees C in 3M guanidinium chloride solutions adjusted to pH 5.0 In 4 M urea buffered by 0.01 M glycylglycine, pH 7.0 isoenzymes I, III, and V were reversibly inhibited 80%.	Chlorides	182-190	glucuronidase, beta	Rattus norvegicus	38-56
1271054-8	1976	Mean chloride conducantance GC1 and mean potassium conductance GK of control fibers were 776 +/- 49 mumhos/cm2 and 175 +/- 15 mumhos/cm2 (92 fibers), respectively.	Chlorides	5-13	olfactomedin 4	Homo sapiens	28-31
6425-1	1976	The Donnan ratio for chloride ion (rCl) was determined for human red cells in plasma utilizing 36Cl.	Chlorides	21-29	2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate N-hydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
18961995-2	1976	The chloride complexes of osmium and ruthenium can also be separated in the system TBP-HCl or Amberlite LA-1 hydrochloride-HCl.	Chlorides	4-12	TATA-box binding protein	Homo sapiens	83-86
813299-1	1976	The hydration rate of CO2 catalyzed by human red cell carbonic anhydrase B is 92 percent reduced by the normal concentrations of chloride and bicarbonate in red cells.	Chlorides	129-137	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	54-74
813299-5	1976	On the basis of the very low catalytic activity of B for CO2 in the presence of physiological concentration of chloride, and the fact that carbonic anhydrase C is effective for CO2 hydration (in the presence of chloride) at a rate 340 times greater than that of CO2 output from tissues, it appears that the biological role of enzyme B is not that of a carbonic anhydrase.	Chlorides	111-119	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	139-159
813299-5	1976	On the basis of the very low catalytic activity of B for CO2 in the presence of physiological concentration of chloride, and the fact that carbonic anhydrase C is effective for CO2 hydration (in the presence of chloride) at a rate 340 times greater than that of CO2 output from tissues, it appears that the biological role of enzyme B is not that of a carbonic anhydrase.	Chlorides	211-219	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	139-159
176150-1	1976	Two methods were utilized to demonstrate the peroxidation of chloride ion to a free species (HOCl or Cl2) by myeloperoxidase.	Chlorides	61-69	myeloperoxidase	Canis lupus familiaris	109-124
176150-7	1976	At low pH, chloride ion suppresses the oxidation of myeloperoxidase (to the stable compound II) by both hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite.	Chlorides	11-19	myeloperoxidase	Canis lupus familiaris	52-67
1081140-2	1975	Chloride liquid ion exchanger micro-electrodes have been used to measure intracellular chloride activity (aiCl) in isolated pieces of frog sinus venosus, atrium and ventricle.	Chlorides	87-95	C-type lectin domain family 2 member B	Homo sapiens	106-110
1194132-0	1975	Toxicity of sodium and chloride ions to Rhizobium spp.	Chlorides	23-31	histocompatibility minor 13	Homo sapiens	50-53
1240096-5	1975	Since acetazolamide is known to interfere with the active transport of the extra chloride ions normally added to the CSF in the IVth ventricle, it is suggested that the bleb-covered cells of the IVth ventricle choroid plexus are the specific site for chloride secretion.	Chlorides	81-89	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
1081140-8	1975	In non-beating ventricle aiCl changes rapidly and reversibly when aOCl is reduced by replacing chloride with glucuronate.	Chlorides	95-103	C-type lectin domain family 2 member B	Homo sapiens	25-29
170101-4	1975	The myeloperoxidase obtained from neutrophils catalyzes chlorination of protein (bovine serum albumin) and bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and chloride.	Chlorides	186-194	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	4-19
1168128-4	1975	Bovine growth hormone and ovine prolactin produce essentially similar effects in intact rats: significant increases in fluid, sodium and calcium transport in the duodenum; in fluid, sodium and potassium transport in the jejunum; in sodium, chloride, potassium and calcium transport in the ileum.	Chlorides	240-248	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	7-21
236-1	1975	35Cl minus-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies indicate that various digests of human hemoglobin with carboxypeptidase A and B, or a combination of the two, may be used for the identification of chloride binding sites.	Chlorides	200-208	carboxypeptidase B1	Homo sapiens	107-131
1173052-1	1975	Erythrocytes are hemolyzed by myeloperoxidase, an H2O2-generating system (glucose + glucose oxidase; hypoxanthine + xanthine oxidase) and an oxidizable cofactor (chloride, iodide, thyroxine, triiodothyronine).	Chlorides	162-170	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	30-45
1122880-2	1975	Prolactin administration significantly stimulated fluid, sodium,potassium, calcium, magnesium and chloride transport across everted jejunal sacs.	Chlorides	98-106	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
1168128-4	1975	Bovine growth hormone and ovine prolactin produce essentially similar effects in intact rats: significant increases in fluid, sodium and calcium transport in the duodenum; in fluid, sodium and potassium transport in the jejunum; in sodium, chloride, potassium and calcium transport in the ileum.	Chlorides	240-248	prolactin	Bos taurus	32-41
1168128-5	1975	Growth hormone also significantly increased fluid, sodium and chloride transport in the colon.	Chlorides	62-70	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
1119960-2	1975	The muscle membrane in myotonia congenita is characterized by a normal resting potential with a greatly increased resting resistance usually attributed to a decrease in membrane chloride permeability (PC1).	Chlorides	178-186	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Homo sapiens	201-204
123040-0	1975	Chloride ions cancel out inhibition of beta-galactosidase activity by acid mucopolyaccharides.	Chlorides	0-8	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	39-57
234739-3	1975	The seven resonances observed in the histidine region of the proton magnetic resonance (pmr) spectrum of human carbonic anhydrase B and reported in the preceding paper are studied in the presence of sulfonamide, azide, cyanide, and chloride inhibitors and in metal-free, cadmium substituted, cobalt substituted, and carboxymethylated forms of the enzyme.	Chlorides	232-240	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	111-131
1067722-9	1975	Arginine aminopeptidase was activated by chloride ions on an average 20 per cent more in the wound tissue than the control.	Chlorides	41-49	arginyl aminopeptidase	Rattus norvegicus	0-23
1120184-4	1975	Myeloperoxidase was effective with either chloride or iodide as the halide, while lastoperoxidase was effective with iodide but not chloride.	Chlorides	42-50	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
236177-6	1975	GABA-T activity was inhibited by chloride and other anions.	Chlorides	33-41	4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase	Sus scrofa	0-6
4717124-2	1973	Myeloperoxidase, in amounts equivalent to 1.5 x 10(6) neutrophils, readily replaces lactoperoxidase, and allows the substitution of the iodide ion by chloride.	Chlorides	150-158	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
234900-11	1975	The results suggest that administration of nonbuffering Mg-, Al-, and Ca-chlorides leads to elevated serum gastrin levels in duodenal ulcer patients; rising intragastric pH, however, exerts an additional serum gastrin response.	Chlorides	73-82	gastrin	Homo sapiens	107-114
4369750-0	1974	Active site chloride binding in liver alcohol dehydrogenase.	Chlorides	12-20	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	38-59
4774399-4	1973	Identification of GM(1)-ganglioside beta-galactosidase activity with the ;acid" methyl-umbelliferyl beta-galactosidases was based on the following: coincident elution profiles on gel filtration; simultaneous inactivation by heat and other treatments; stabilization of both activities by chloride ions; mutual inhibition of hydrolysis by the two substrates.	Chlorides	287-295	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	36-54
234900-1	1975	The interrelationship of the effects of antacids and of rising intragastric pH on serum gastrin levels was examined by comparing the effect of three antacids (Mg(OH)2Al(OH)3, and CaCO3), and their nonbuffering chloride compounds (MgCl2, AlCl3, and CaCl2), on serum gastrin and intragastric pH in duodenal ulcer patients.	Chlorides	210-218	gastrin	Homo sapiens	88-95
4719217-1	1973	Using a triple-lumen tube perfusion technique in normal human subjects secretin (2U/kg/hour intravenously) was shown to reduce the absorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride in the most proximal 30 cm of jejunum but it had no effect on bicarbonate absorption.	Chlorides	168-176	secretin	Homo sapiens	71-79
16658356-1	1973	Nitrite reductase from green leaves of corn (Zea mays L.) is eluted from a diethylaminoethyl-cellulose column in one peak of activity by a chloride gradient, while nitrite reductase from scutellum tissue is resolved into two peaks of activity, apparently representing two forms of the enzyme NiR1 and NiR2.	Chlorides	139-147	ferredoxin--nitrite reductase, chloroplastic	Zea mays	0-17
4711104-0	1973	The use of NBD chloride (7 chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole) in detecting amino acids and as an N-terminal reagent.	Chlorides	15-23	OXA1L mitochondrial inner membrane protein	Homo sapiens	49-54
16658356-2	1973	One of these (NiR2) elutes at the same concentration of chloride as the leaf nitrite reductase.	Chlorides	56-64	phosphatidylinositol transfer protein membrane associated 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
5116057-0	1971	Chloride transport and potential across the blood-CSF barrier.	Chlorides	0-8	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	50-53
4110187-0	1972	Faster histochemical reaction for ATPase in presence of chloride salts, with studies of the mechanism of precipitation.	Chlorides	56-70	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	34-40
6032975-16	1967	With DPD hydrochloride the chloride ion caused inhibition at higher concentrations, opposing the curvature.	Chlorides	14-22	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	5-8
5573436-3	1971	In 16 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism the increase in plasma chloride concentration and associated metabolic acidosis could have been accounted for by the known renal tubular effects of parathyroid hormone.	Chlorides	71-79	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	196-215
5573436-4	1971	In 13 patients with hypercalcaemia due to various other causes the decrease in plasma chloride concentration and associated metabolic alkalosis could be accounted for either by the known effects of an excess of calcium-ion on the renal tubules, or perhaps by suppression of endogenous parathyroid hormone secretion.	Chlorides	86-94	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	285-304
16557740-4	1970	Since we had previously found that myeloperoxidase (MPO), a lysosomal enzyme of human neutrophils and monocytes, exerted fungicidal activity against Candida albicans when combined with H(2)O(2) and chloride or iodide, the effects of these substances on A. fumigatus spores were examined.	Chlorides	198-206	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	35-50
16557740-4	1970	Since we had previously found that myeloperoxidase (MPO), a lysosomal enzyme of human neutrophils and monocytes, exerted fungicidal activity against Candida albicans when combined with H(2)O(2) and chloride or iodide, the effects of these substances on A. fumigatus spores were examined.	Chlorides	198-206	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	52-55
4970226-4	1968	Lactoperoxidase was considerably less effective than was myeloperoxidase when chloride was the halide employed.	Chlorides	78-86	myeloperoxidase	Cavia porcellus	57-72
24173388-1	1971	Isolated sheets of epithelial cells as well as epithelial cells scraped from paired hemibladders mounted in chambers both showed significant increases in water, sodium and chloride contents after exposure to vasopressin (100 mU/ml), without any change in potassium content.	Chlorides	172-180	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	208-219
5499737-5	1970	The activation energy of chloride exchange decreased from a value of 45 to 22 kcal/mole in the interval between 0 and 10 degrees C. Simultaneous determination of the permeability to potassium and chloride proved that salicylate induced a reversal of the normal selectivity of red cells at 0 degrees C (permeability coefficient P(K) of 3.5 x 10(-9) cm/sec to be compared with a P(Cl) of 2 x 10(-9) cm/sec).3.	Chlorides	25-33	exocyst complex component 1	Homo sapiens	400-406
5348493-6	1969	After insulin the rise of chloride was proportionately greater than the rise of hydrogen, so that neutral chloride was increased.	Chlorides	26-34	insulin	Homo sapiens	6-13
5348493-6	1969	After insulin the rise of chloride was proportionately greater than the rise of hydrogen, so that neutral chloride was increased.	Chlorides	106-114	insulin	Homo sapiens	6-13
5653882-4	1968	In response to continuous secretin infusion, the preparation secreted for up to 6 hr a juice which was similar to that obtained in vivo, with the exception that the bicarbonate concentration decreased and the chloride concentration increased with time, even when the rate of secretion remained constant.4.	Chlorides	209-217	secretin	Homo sapiens	26-34
5912660-0	1966	Potassium, sodium, and chlorides in gastrin-stimulated gastric secretion in man.	Chlorides	23-32	gastrin	Homo sapiens	36-43
5970511-0	1966	Cathepsin C: a chloride-requiring enzyme.	Chlorides	15-23	cathepsin C	Homo sapiens	0-11
14480554-0	1962	The effects of sodium, chloride, and calcium concentration on the response of melanophores to melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).	Chlorides	23-31	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	94-124
5896907-0	1965	Insulin: preliminary x-ray studies of chloride crystals and a crystalline derivative.	Chlorides	38-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
17746008-1	1963	Chemical studies indicate that during the first half of the history of Lake Zeribar, since about 14,800 years ago, the outlet ran very intermittently, thus resulting in a carbonate deposition and a moderate chloride content of the water.	Chlorides	207-215	RAN, member RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	126-129
14466443-3	1962	A system of kinetics was developed to show that a simple anion, chloride, bromide, or thiocyanate can inhibit an enzyme, prostatic acid phosphatase, in solution, both competitively with regard to substrate, and noncompetitively.	Chlorides	64-72	acid phosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	121-147
13381905-0	1956	Urinary sodium and chloride determinations as an aid in the diagnosis of adrenal cortical insufficiency.	Chlorides	19-27	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	49-52
13035064-26	1953	In interpreting the experimental results on theoretical grounds, it is suggested (a) that in normal skin, it is the variation in the electric conductance in skin of chloride ions which essentially, although not exclusively, determines the rate of net uptake of sodium chloride, (b) that a factor in the ACTH preparation used, possibly ACTH itself, may have lowered the electric conductance in skin of sodium ions either truly or apparently, (c) that potassium ions are treated by the skin primarily as passive ions.	Chlorides	165-173	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	303-307
13040337-0	1953	A bedside method for determining the serum chlorides as an aid in detecting the chloride depletion syndrome in patients receiving mercurial diuretics.	Chlorides	43-52	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	59-62
13040337-0	1953	A bedside method for determining the serum chlorides as an aid in detecting the chloride depletion syndrome in patients receiving mercurial diuretics.	Chlorides	43-51	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	59-62
13035064-26	1953	In interpreting the experimental results on theoretical grounds, it is suggested (a) that in normal skin, it is the variation in the electric conductance in skin of chloride ions which essentially, although not exclusively, determines the rate of net uptake of sodium chloride, (b) that a factor in the ACTH preparation used, possibly ACTH itself, may have lowered the electric conductance in skin of sodium ions either truly or apparently, (c) that potassium ions are treated by the skin primarily as passive ions.	Chlorides	165-173	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	335-339
13016806-0	1952	Sodium, potassium and chloride retention produced by growth hormone in the absence of the adrenals.	Chlorides	22-30	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	53-67
33512069-10	2021	CONCLUSION: These results suggest that infants with a positive NBS for CF and 1 CFTR mutation whose initial sweat chloride concentration is 50-59 mmol/L need to be monitored more closely for CF with strong consideration for earlier repeat SCTs and immediate genotyping.	Chlorides	114-122	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	80-84
14889626-0	1951	[Water and chloride excretion during ACTH therapy].	Chlorides	11-19	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	37-41
33845203-1	2021	The impairment of the CFTR channel activity, a cAMP-activated chloride (Cl-) channel responsible for cystic fibrosis (CF), has been associated with a variety of mitochondrial alterations such as modified gene expression, impairment in oxidative phosphorylation, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and a disbalance in calcium homeostasis.	Chlorides	62-70	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	22-26
33955541-2	2021	This suggestion was based on the idea that bumetanide, by reducing intraneuronal chloride accumulation through inhibition of the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1, may attenuate or abolish depolarizing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) responses caused by birth asphyxia.	Chlorides	81-89	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	152-157
34058228-4	2021	Along with this line, the NKCC1 inhibitor bumetanide has been postulated as a potential drug for treatment of epilepsy, mediating its antiepileptic effect by reduction of the intracellular chloride and increased inhibitory efficacy of GABAergic transmission.	Chlorides	189-197	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	26-31
34004209-9	2021	These findings suggest that diazepam induces the anxiety-like behavior under inflammation conditions, and may cause the GABAA receptor dysfunction associated with the chloride plasticity mediated by NKCC1, which contributes to benzodiazepine-induced delirium after surgery.	Chlorides	167-175	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	199-204
34058387-0	2021	Restoring neuronal chloride homeostasis with anti-NKCC1 gene therapy rescues cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Down syndrome.	Chlorides	19-27	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	50-55
34058387-2	2021	Notably, pharmacological inhibition of the chloride importer NKCC1 is able to rescue brain-related core deficits in animal models of these pathologies and some human clinical studies.	Chlorides	43-51	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	61-66
34058387-3	2021	Here, we show that reducing NKCC1 expression by RNA interference in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome (DS) restores intracellular chloride concentration, efficacy of GABA-mediated inhibition and neuronal network dynamics in vitro and ex vivo.	Chlorides	136-144	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	28-33
34058387-3	2021	Here, we show that reducing NKCC1 expression by RNA interference in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome (DS) restores intracellular chloride concentration, efficacy of GABA-mediated inhibition and neuronal network dynamics in vitro and ex vivo.	Chlorides	136-144	reciprocal translocation, Chr 16, cytogenetic band C3-4; and Chr 17, cytogenetic band A2, Davisson 65	Mus musculus	72-78
34058387-5	2021	Our results highlight a mechanistic link between NKCC1 expression and behavioral abnormalities in DS mice, and establish a molecular target for new therapeutic approaches, including gene therapy, to treat brain disorders characterized by neuronal chloride imbalance.	Chlorides	247-255	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	49-54
34041574-4	2021	The choline chloride-glycerol-based resin (DES1-R) with the highest adsorption amounts was selected and the adsorption behavior of it was studied with static adsorption and the dynamic adsorption performance; the adsorption process followed Freundlich isotherm (R2 >= 0.9337) and pseudo-second-order (R2 >= 0.9951).	Chlorides	12-20	delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid 1	Homo sapiens	43-47
34031898-2	2021	In neurons, one key example of critical ion control relates to the extrusion of chloride mediated by the potassium-chloride-cotransporters (KCC1-4).	Chlorides	80-88	solute carrier family 12 member 4	Homo sapiens	140-146
33439774-2	2021	Chloride ion directly binds WNK kinases to inhibit autophosphorylation and activation.	Chlorides	0-8	Wnk kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	28-31
34025361-3	2021	There are five types of glutamate transporter (EAATs 1-5, excitatory amino acid transporters), which have distinct chloride conductances.	Chlorides	115-123	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Homo sapiens	47-56
34025361-4	2021	Some EAATs that have low chloride conductances, remove glutamate from the synaptic cleft most effectively (e.g., EAAT1).	Chlorides	25-33	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Homo sapiens	113-118
34025361-5	2021	By contrast, EAATs that have high chloride conductances, remove glutamate less effectively (e.g., EAAT5).	Chlorides	34-42	solute carrier family 1 member 7	Homo sapiens	98-103
34025361-7	2021	In the retina, light activates a chloride current, mediated by the glutamate activation of EAAT5.	Chlorides	33-41	solute carrier family 1 member 7	Homo sapiens	91-96
33949881-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis is a deadly multi-organ disorder caused by loss of function mutations in the gene that encodes for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride/bicarbonate ion channel.	Chlorides	178-186	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	172-176
33949881-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis is a deadly multi-organ disorder caused by loss of function mutations in the gene that encodes for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride/bicarbonate ion channel.	Chlorides	178-186	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	119-170
33835130-3	2021	However, under certain conditions, Panx1 can also act as a highly selective membrane channel for chloride ions without ATP permeability.	Chlorides	97-105	pannexin 1	Homo sapiens	35-40
33439774-6	2021	We found decreased activity of Drosophila WNK and mammalian WNK3 and WNK4 in fly Malpighian (renal) tubules bathed in high extracellular potassium, even when intracellular chloride was kept constant at either ~13 mM or 26 mM.	Chlorides	172-180	Wnk kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	42-45
33439774-6	2021	We found decreased activity of Drosophila WNK and mammalian WNK3 and WNK4 in fly Malpighian (renal) tubules bathed in high extracellular potassium, even when intracellular chloride was kept constant at either ~13 mM or 26 mM.	Chlorides	172-180	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	60-64
33439774-7	2021	High extracellular potassium also inhibited chloride-insensitive mutants of WNK3 and WNK4.	Chlorides	44-52	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	76-80
33439774-7	2021	High extracellular potassium also inhibited chloride-insensitive mutants of WNK3 and WNK4.	Chlorides	44-52	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Homo sapiens	85-89
33439774-13	2021	Together, these data indicate chloride-independent potassium inhibition of Drosophila and mammalian WNK kinases through direct effects of potassium ion on the kinase.	Chlorides	30-38	Wnk kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	100-103
34000550-5	2021	It is revealed that chloride deposition rates are exponentially decaying functions of distance from the sea.	Chlorides	20-28	S13 erythroblastosis (avian) oncogene homolog	Homo sapiens	104-107
32523112-5	2021	Further mechanistic studies demonstrate that ticagrelor attenuates the oligomerization of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) by blocking chloride efflux, an effect achieved through the degradation of chloride intracellular channel proteins (CLICs) and blockade of the translocation of CLICs to the plasma membrane.	Chlorides	166-174	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	90-147
32523112-5	2021	Further mechanistic studies demonstrate that ticagrelor attenuates the oligomerization of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) by blocking chloride efflux, an effect achieved through the degradation of chloride intracellular channel proteins (CLICs) and blockade of the translocation of CLICs to the plasma membrane.	Chlorides	166-174	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	149-152
32523112-5	2021	Further mechanistic studies demonstrate that ticagrelor attenuates the oligomerization of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) by blocking chloride efflux, an effect achieved through the degradation of chloride intracellular channel proteins (CLICs) and blockade of the translocation of CLICs to the plasma membrane.	Chlorides	229-237	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	149-152
34000550-7	2021	Sea wind also contributes to chloride deposition rate based on run of wind (ROW) parameter.	Chlorides	29-37	S13 erythroblastosis (avian) oncogene homolog	Homo sapiens	0-3
34000550-8	2021	In this work, both correlative functions of chloride deposition rate with either sea wind speed during prevailing sea wind period or annual monthly ROW are compared.	Chlorides	44-52	S13 erythroblastosis (avian) oncogene homolog	Homo sapiens	81-84
33705929-3	2021	Recently, accumulated evidences suggest that the inhibitory effect of GABA is determined by low intracellular chloride concentration, which is predominantly mediated by KCC2.	Chlorides	110-118	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	169-173
33640193-1	2021	KCC2, best known as the neuron-specific chloride-extruder that sets the strength and polarity of GABAergic currents during neuronal maturation, is a multifunctional molecule that can regulate cytoskeletal dynamics via its C-terminal domain (CTD).	Chlorides	40-48	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	0-4
33915319-2	2021	Transepithelial chloride secretion through cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and TMEM16A (anoctamin 1) drive cyst enlargement.	Chlorides	16-24	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	96-100
33915319-2	2021	Transepithelial chloride secretion through cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and TMEM16A (anoctamin 1) drive cyst enlargement.	Chlorides	16-24	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	106-113
33915319-2	2021	Transepithelial chloride secretion through cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and TMEM16A (anoctamin 1) drive cyst enlargement.	Chlorides	16-24	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	115-126
33915319-2	2021	Transepithelial chloride secretion through cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and TMEM16A (anoctamin 1) drive cyst enlargement.	Chlorides	16-24	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	43-94
33879602-1	2021	Chloride intracellular channels 1 (CLIC1) and 4 (CLIC4) are expressed in endothelial cells and regulate angiogenic behaviors in vitro, and the expression of Clic4 is important for vascular development and function in mice.	Chlorides	0-8	chloride intracellular channel 1	Mus musculus	35-40
33879602-1	2021	Chloride intracellular channels 1 (CLIC1) and 4 (CLIC4) are expressed in endothelial cells and regulate angiogenic behaviors in vitro, and the expression of Clic4 is important for vascular development and function in mice.	Chlorides	0-8	chloride intracellular channel 4 (mitochondrial)	Mus musculus	49-54
33934316-3	2021	These tests assess whether CFTR activity is normal or diminished/absent through measurement of CFTR-mediated chloride secretion/absorption.	Chlorides	109-117	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	95-99
33921231-5	2021	Electrophysiological studies showed that isorhamnetin significantly increased CFTR chloride current, both wild type and  F508-CFTR.	Chlorides	83-91	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	78-82
33835494-1	2021	The impairment of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activity induces intracellular chloride (Cl- ) accumulation.	Chlorides	112-120	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	22-73
33835494-1	2021	The impairment of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activity induces intracellular chloride (Cl- ) accumulation.	Chlorides	112-120	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	75-79
33836171-2	2021	Here, we provide evidence that pharmacological inhibition of TMEM16A (ANO1), a calcium-activated chloride channel expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells, blocks calcium-activated chloride currents and contraction in vascular smooth muscle in vitro and decreases blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.	Chlorides	97-105	anoctamin 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-68
33836171-2	2021	Here, we provide evidence that pharmacological inhibition of TMEM16A (ANO1), a calcium-activated chloride channel expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells, blocks calcium-activated chloride currents and contraction in vascular smooth muscle in vitro and decreases blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.	Chlorides	97-105	anoctamin 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-74
32694758-0	2021	Reduced intracellular chloride concentration impairs angiogenesis by inhibiting oxidative stress-mediated VEGFR2 activation.	Chlorides	22-30	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	106-112
33782119-1	2021	NKCC1 is the primary transporter mediating chloride uptake in immature principal neurons, but its role in the development of in vivo network dynamics and cognitive abilities remains unknown.	Chlorides	43-51	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	0-5
33444622-0	2021	On the relationship between anion binding and chloride conductance in the CFTR anion channel.	Chlorides	46-54	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	74-78
33444622-1	2021	Mutations at many sites within the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel pore region result in changes in chloride conductance.	Chlorides	94-102	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	35-86
33444622-1	2021	Mutations at many sites within the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel pore region result in changes in chloride conductance.	Chlorides	94-102	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	88-92
33444622-6	2021	Although these findings suggest anion binding is required for high conductance, mutations that strengthened anion binding had very little effect on conductance, especially at high chloride concentrations, suggesting that the wild-type CFTR pore is already close to saturated with chloride ions.	Chlorides	180-188	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	235-239
33444622-6	2021	Although these findings suggest anion binding is required for high conductance, mutations that strengthened anion binding had very little effect on conductance, especially at high chloride concentrations, suggesting that the wild-type CFTR pore is already close to saturated with chloride ions.	Chlorides	280-288	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	235-239
33444622-7	2021	These results are used to support a revised model of chloride permeation in CFTR in which the overall chloride occupancy of multiple loosely-defined chloride binding sites results in high chloride conductance through the pore.	Chlorides	53-61	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	76-80
33444622-7	2021	These results are used to support a revised model of chloride permeation in CFTR in which the overall chloride occupancy of multiple loosely-defined chloride binding sites results in high chloride conductance through the pore.	Chlorides	102-110	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	76-80
33444622-7	2021	These results are used to support a revised model of chloride permeation in CFTR in which the overall chloride occupancy of multiple loosely-defined chloride binding sites results in high chloride conductance through the pore.	Chlorides	102-110	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	76-80
33444622-7	2021	These results are used to support a revised model of chloride permeation in CFTR in which the overall chloride occupancy of multiple loosely-defined chloride binding sites results in high chloride conductance through the pore.	Chlorides	102-110	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	76-80
33534145-2	2021	In contrast, the NKCC1 chloride importer antagonist bumetanide (BUM) had no effect whether applied alone or with PHB.	Chlorides	23-31	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	17-22
33745603-13	2021	There was a positive relationship between participant dipstick estimated chloride concentration and laboratory sodium (Kendall"s tau = 0.45; P < 0.001; Spearman"s rs = 0.58 P < 0.001; 47 pairs).	Chlorides	73-81	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	129-132
33607471-1	2021	Bartter Syndrome (BS) is a group of rare inherited autosome-recessive disease, which can be caused by the gene mutations of sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter gene (SLC12A1).	Chlorides	141-149	solute carrier family 12 member 1	Homo sapiens	170-177
33631301-1	2021	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is released by activated immune cells and forms the oxidants hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypothiocyanous acid (HOSCN) from the competing substrates chloride and thiocyanate.	Chlorides	171-179	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
33631301-1	2021	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is released by activated immune cells and forms the oxidants hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypothiocyanous acid (HOSCN) from the competing substrates chloride and thiocyanate.	Chlorides	171-179	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	17-20
33539947-2	2021	In the presence of chloride ions and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), MPO forms the oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl).	Chlorides	19-27	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	63-66
32487539-0	2021	TMEM16A deficiency: a potentially fatal neonatal disease resulting from impaired chloride currents.	Chlorides	81-89	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
33345268-0	2021	Leaf apoplastic alkalisation promotes transcription of the ABA synthesising enzyme Vp14 and stomatal closure in Zea mays L. The chloride component of NaCl-salinity causes the leaf apoplast to transiently alkalinize.	Chlorides	128-136	9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1, chloroplastic	Zea mays	83-87
33753488-0	2021	Early-stage dynamics of chloride ion-pumping rhodopsin revealed by a femtosecond X-ray laser.	Chlorides	24-32	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	45-54
33753488-1	2021	Chloride ion-pumping rhodopsin (ClR) in some marine bacteria utilizes light energy to actively transport Cl- into cells.	Chlorides	0-8	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	21-30
33677475-6	2021	In addition, the volume-sensitive chloride current of OA chondrocytes decreased significantly with the increase of the expression levels of inflammation-related proteins caspase-1, caspase-3, and NLRP3.	Chlorides	34-42	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	196-201
33677475-7	2021	Moreover, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) showed a potential to activate the chloride current of normal chondrocytes.	Chlorides	74-82	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	10-27
33677475-7	2021	Moreover, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) showed a potential to activate the chloride current of normal chondrocytes.	Chlorides	74-82	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	29-37
33677475-8	2021	These results indicate that IL-1beta-induced chloride channel opening in chondrocytes may be closely related to the occurrence of OA.	Chlorides	45-53	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	28-36
33689481-1	2021	Adenosine receptors (ADORs) are G-protein coupled purinoceptors that have several functions including regulation of chloride secretion via CFTR in human airway and kidney.	Chlorides	116-124	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	139-143
33677475-0	2021	Interleukin 1 beta-induced chloride currents are important in osteoarthritis onset: an in vitro study.	Chlorides	27-35	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	0-18
33677475-6	2021	In addition, the volume-sensitive chloride current of OA chondrocytes decreased significantly with the increase of the expression levels of inflammation-related proteins caspase-1, caspase-3, and NLRP3.	Chlorides	34-42	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	170-179
33677475-6	2021	In addition, the volume-sensitive chloride current of OA chondrocytes decreased significantly with the increase of the expression levels of inflammation-related proteins caspase-1, caspase-3, and NLRP3.	Chlorides	34-42	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	181-190
32989468-2	2021	Slc26a3 (DRA), as a key chloride-bicarbonate exchanger protein in the intestinal epithelial luminal membrane, participates in the electroneutral NaCl absorption of intestine, together with Na+/H+ exchangers.	Chlorides	24-32	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-7
32989468-2	2021	Slc26a3 (DRA), as a key chloride-bicarbonate exchanger protein in the intestinal epithelial luminal membrane, participates in the electroneutral NaCl absorption of intestine, together with Na+/H+ exchangers.	Chlorides	24-32	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	9-12
33710504-1	2021	BACKGROUND: The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-dependent chloride (Cl-) anion conducting channel, and its role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) was examined in the present study.	Chlorides	95-103	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	16-67
33710504-1	2021	BACKGROUND: The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-dependent chloride (Cl-) anion conducting channel, and its role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) was examined in the present study.	Chlorides	95-103	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	69-73
33689481-10	2021	We conclude: (1) A0 is a novel and unique adenosine receptor ancestor by functional and structural criteria; (2) A0 likely activates CFTR in vivo and this receptor activates CFTR in oocytes indicating an evolutionary coupling between ADORs and chloride secretion; and (3) A0 appears to be a non-olfactory evolutionary ancestor of all four mammalian ADOR subtypes.	Chlorides	244-252	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	133-137
33689481-10	2021	We conclude: (1) A0 is a novel and unique adenosine receptor ancestor by functional and structural criteria; (2) A0 likely activates CFTR in vivo and this receptor activates CFTR in oocytes indicating an evolutionary coupling between ADORs and chloride secretion; and (3) A0 appears to be a non-olfactory evolutionary ancestor of all four mammalian ADOR subtypes.	Chlorides	244-252	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	174-178
33658361-0	2021	Chloride-dependent conformational changes in the GlyT1 glycine transporter.	Chlorides	0-8	solute carrier family 6 member 9	Homo sapiens	49-54
33239270-5	2021	We therefore determined the net effects of KCC2 transport activity on cytoplasmic chloride elevation and Cl- extrusion rates during spontaneous recurrent ictal-like epileptiform discharges (ILDs) in organotypic hippocampal slices in vitro, as well as the correlation between ionic and electrographic effects.	Chlorides	82-90	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	43-47
33239270-7	2021	In contrast, the putative KCC2 upregulator CLP257 improved chloride homeostasis and reduced the duration and frequency of ILDs in a concentration-dependent manner.	Chlorides	59-67	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	26-30
33239270-9	2021	Anticonvulsant effects predominate when KCC2-mediated chloride transport rather than potassium buffering is the rate-limiting step in restoring ECl and the efficacy of GABAergic inhibition during recurrent ILDs.Significance Statement In an in vitro preparation that generates spontaneous ictal-like epileptiform discharges (ILDs), we measured the effects of acute KCC2 modulation on both neuronal chloride and ILD activity.	Chlorides	54-62	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	40-44
33239270-9	2021	Anticonvulsant effects predominate when KCC2-mediated chloride transport rather than potassium buffering is the rate-limiting step in restoring ECl and the efficacy of GABAergic inhibition during recurrent ILDs.Significance Statement In an in vitro preparation that generates spontaneous ictal-like epileptiform discharges (ILDs), we measured the effects of acute KCC2 modulation on both neuronal chloride and ILD activity.	Chlorides	397-405	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	40-44
33239270-12	2021	These findings regarding the role of KCC2 on baseline chloride, chloride elevations during ILD activity, Cl- extrusion rates and ILD activity resolve conflicting reports in the literature, provide a coherent understanding of the role KCC2 activity in chloride homeostasis during ILDs, and support the feasibility of developing KCC2 modulators into sorely-needed anticonvulsant medications.	Chlorides	54-62	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	37-41
33239270-12	2021	These findings regarding the role of KCC2 on baseline chloride, chloride elevations during ILD activity, Cl- extrusion rates and ILD activity resolve conflicting reports in the literature, provide a coherent understanding of the role KCC2 activity in chloride homeostasis during ILDs, and support the feasibility of developing KCC2 modulators into sorely-needed anticonvulsant medications.	Chlorides	64-72	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	37-41
33689398-2	2021	We showed previously that autophosphorylation of WNK1 is inhibited by chloride, raising the possibility that WNKs are activated by osmotic stress.	Chlorides	70-78	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	49-53
33689398-5	2021	Osmosensing in WNK3 and WNK1 appear to occur through a conformational equilibrium between an inactive, unphosphorylated, chloride-binding dimer and an autophosphorylation-competent monomer.	Chlorides	121-129	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	15-19
33689398-5	2021	Osmosensing in WNK3 and WNK1 appear to occur through a conformational equilibrium between an inactive, unphosphorylated, chloride-binding dimer and an autophosphorylation-competent monomer.	Chlorides	121-129	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
33239270-12	2021	These findings regarding the role of KCC2 on baseline chloride, chloride elevations during ILD activity, Cl- extrusion rates and ILD activity resolve conflicting reports in the literature, provide a coherent understanding of the role KCC2 activity in chloride homeostasis during ILDs, and support the feasibility of developing KCC2 modulators into sorely-needed anticonvulsant medications.	Chlorides	64-72	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	37-41
33658361-1	2021	The human GlyT1 glycine transporter requires chloride for its function.	Chlorides	45-53	solute carrier family 6 member 9	Homo sapiens	10-15
33063691-0	2021	Development of Crohn"s Disease in a Child With SLC26A3-related Congenital Chloride Diarrhea: Report of the First Case in East Asia and a Novel Missense Variant.	Chlorides	74-82	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	47-54
33651839-9	2021	We identified an attenuating effect of ANO2-mediated chloride currents on the instantaneous simple spike activity both during strong current injections and during current injections close to the simple spike threshold.	Chlorides	53-61	anoctamin 2	Mus musculus	39-43
33651839-11	2021	Together with the role of ANO2-chloride channels in inferior olivary neurons, our data extend the evidence for a role of chloride-dependent modulation in the olivo-cerebellar system that might be important for proper cerebellum-dependent motor coordination and learning.	Chlorides	31-39	anoctamin 2	Mus musculus	26-30
33449847-2	2021	Here, we tested the hypothesis that TMEM16A, a calcium (Ca2+)-activated chloride (Cl-) channel, contributes to modifications in arterial contractility during T2D.	Chlorides	72-80	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	36-43
33394730-8	2021	SUMMARY: WNK4 is both a master NCC stimulator and an in-vivo chloride sensor in DCT.	Chlorides	61-69	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Mus musculus	9-13
33278322-1	2021	In previous work, participants with a G970R mutation in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) (c.2908G>C) had numerically lower sweat chloride responses during ivacaftor treatment than participants with other CFTR gating mutations.	Chlorides	155-163	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	56-107
33278322-1	2021	In previous work, participants with a G970R mutation in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) (c.2908G>C) had numerically lower sweat chloride responses during ivacaftor treatment than participants with other CFTR gating mutations.	Chlorides	155-163	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	109-113
33188942-6	2021	We observed a reduced number of formed non-CF healthy OCs in the presence of a selective inhibitor of CFTR chloride conductance (CFTR-Inh172).	Chlorides	107-115	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	102-106
33188942-6	2021	We observed a reduced number of formed non-CF healthy OCs in the presence of a selective inhibitor of CFTR chloride conductance (CFTR-Inh172).	Chlorides	107-115	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	129-133
33188942-7	2021	Our data regarding OCs resorptive capabilites revealed that a loss of CFTR chloride activity in OCs led to a marked reduction in their trench-resorption mode.	Chlorides	75-83	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	70-74
33394730-0	2021	WNK4 kinase: role of chloride sensing in the distal convoluted tubule.	Chlorides	21-29	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Mus musculus	0-4
33394730-1	2021	PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review focuses on recent efforts in identifying with-no-lysine kinase 4 (WNK4) as a physiological intracellular chloride sensor and exploring regulators of intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl-]i) in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).	Chlorides	136-144	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Mus musculus	97-101
33394730-2	2021	RECENT FINDINGS: The discovery of WNK1"s chloride-binding site provides the mechanistic details of the chloride-sensing regulation of WNK kinases.	Chlorides	41-49	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	34-38
33394730-2	2021	RECENT FINDINGS: The discovery of WNK1"s chloride-binding site provides the mechanistic details of the chloride-sensing regulation of WNK kinases.	Chlorides	103-111	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	34-38
33394730-4	2021	Because of its highest chloride sensitivity and dominant expression, WNK4 emerges as the leading candidate of the chloride sensor in DCT.	Chlorides	23-31	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Mus musculus	69-73
33394730-9	2021	The understanding of chloride-mediated regulation of WNK4 explains the inverse relationship between dietary potassium intake and NCC activity.	Chlorides	21-29	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Mus musculus	53-57
33189700-1	2021	BACKGROUND: The Down Regulated in Adenoma (DRA) encoded by SLC26A3, a key intestinal chloride anion exchanger, has recently been identified as a novel susceptibility gene for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).	Chlorides	85-93	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	16-41
33394730-4	2021	Because of its highest chloride sensitivity and dominant expression, WNK4 emerges as the leading candidate of the chloride sensor in DCT.	Chlorides	114-122	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Mus musculus	69-73
33394730-5	2021	The presentation of hypertension and increased sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC) activity in chloride-insensitive WNK4 mice proved that WNK4 is inhibitable by physiological [Cl-]i in DCT.	Chlorides	54-62	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Mus musculus	138-142
33394730-6	2021	The chloride-mediated WNK4 regulation is responsible for hypokalemia-induced NCC activation but unnecessary for hyperkalemia-induced NCC deactivation.	Chlorides	4-12	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Mus musculus	22-26
33394730-7	2021	This chloride-sensing mechanism requires basolateral potassium and chloride channels or cotransporters, including Kir4.1/5.1, ClC-Kb, and possibly KCCs, to modulate [Cl-]i in response to the changes of plasma potassium.	Chlorides	5-13	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 10	Mus musculus	114-124
33394730-7	2021	This chloride-sensing mechanism requires basolateral potassium and chloride channels or cotransporters, including Kir4.1/5.1, ClC-Kb, and possibly KCCs, to modulate [Cl-]i in response to the changes of plasma potassium.	Chlorides	5-13	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive Kb	Mus musculus	126-132
33189700-1	2021	BACKGROUND: The Down Regulated in Adenoma (DRA) encoded by SLC26A3, a key intestinal chloride anion exchanger, has recently been identified as a novel susceptibility gene for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).	Chlorides	85-93	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	43-46
33189700-1	2021	BACKGROUND: The Down Regulated in Adenoma (DRA) encoded by SLC26A3, a key intestinal chloride anion exchanger, has recently been identified as a novel susceptibility gene for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).	Chlorides	85-93	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	59-66
32856205-0	2021	ClC-2-like Chloride Current Alterations in a Cell Model of Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy, a Polyglutamine Disease.	Chlorides	11-19	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	0-5
33414087-10	2021	Epithelial Sodium Channels and Calcium-activated Chloride Channel activity did not differ but CFTR mediated chloride currents were significantly reduced in SMADiALI compare to their CRCALI counterparts.	Chlorides	108-116	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	94-98
32678926-1	2021	Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) affect the homeostasis of chloride flux by epithelial cells.	Chlorides	102-110	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	17-68
32678926-1	2021	Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) affect the homeostasis of chloride flux by epithelial cells.	Chlorides	102-110	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	70-74
32856205-5	2021	Here, we identified and characterized chloride currents most likely belonging to the chloride channel-2 (ClC-2) subfamily, which showed significantly increased amplitudes in the SBMA cells.	Chlorides	38-46	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	85-103
32856205-5	2021	Here, we identified and characterized chloride currents most likely belonging to the chloride channel-2 (ClC-2) subfamily, which showed significantly increased amplitudes in the SBMA cells.	Chlorides	38-46	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	105-110
32856205-6	2021	The treatment with the pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), a neuropeptide with a proven protective effect in a mouse model of SBMA, recovered chloride channel current alterations in SBMA cells.	Chlorides	165-173	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	23-72
32856205-6	2021	The treatment with the pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), a neuropeptide with a proven protective effect in a mouse model of SBMA, recovered chloride channel current alterations in SBMA cells.	Chlorides	165-173	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	74-79
33669352-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, an ATP-gated chloride channel expressed on the apical surface of airway epithelial cells.	Chlorides	176-184	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	95-146
33608991-4	2022	The chloride currents activated by DSF/Cu were significantly reduced after knockdown of CLC3 with siRNA.	Chlorides	4-12	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	88-92
33608991-5	2022	In addition, DSF/Cu-activated chloride currents were reduced to background current levels after perfusion with genistein, a highly specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor.	Chlorides	30-38	TXK tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	140-155
33099743-3	2021	Increase in intracellular chloride concentration and derived depolarizing GABAAR-mediated transmission are common consequences following various brain injuries and are caused by the abnormal expression levels of the chloride cotransporters NKCC1 and KCC2.	Chlorides	26-34	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	240-245
33099743-3	2021	Increase in intracellular chloride concentration and derived depolarizing GABAAR-mediated transmission are common consequences following various brain injuries and are caused by the abnormal expression levels of the chloride cotransporters NKCC1 and KCC2.	Chlorides	26-34	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	250-254
33658720-1	2021	The human glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) regulates glycine-mediated neuronal excitation and inhibition through the sodium- and chloride-dependent reuptake of glycine1-3.	Chlorides	126-134	solute carrier family 6 member 9	Homo sapiens	10-31
33658720-1	2021	The human glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) regulates glycine-mediated neuronal excitation and inhibition through the sodium- and chloride-dependent reuptake of glycine1-3.	Chlorides	126-134	solute carrier family 6 member 9	Homo sapiens	33-38
33609628-0	2021	Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps is Associated with Impaired TMEM16A-mediated Epithelial Chloride Secretion.	Chlorides	97-105	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	69-76
33669352-1	2021	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, an ATP-gated chloride channel expressed on the apical surface of airway epithelial cells.	Chlorides	176-184	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	148-152
33390050-0	2021	Thiazide-Sensitive NCC (Sodium-Chloride Cotransporter) in Human Metabolic Syndrome: Sodium Sensitivity and Potassium-Induced Natriuresis.	Chlorides	31-39	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	19-22
33316378-0	2021	Overexpression of chloride importer NKCC1 contributes to the sensory-affective and sociability phenotype of rats following neonatal maternal separation.	Chlorides	18-26	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	36-41
33565734-8	2021	Furthermore, a mechanism for the decomposition of [Hbet][NTf2 ] in the presence of chloride is suggested and supported by experimental evidence.	Chlorides	83-91	nuclear transport factor 2	Homo sapiens	57-61
33573995-0	2021	Measuring the impact of CFTR modulation on sweat chloride in cystic fibrosis: Rationale and design of the CHEC-SC study.	Chlorides	49-57	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	24-28
33573995-1	2021	BACKGROUND: The Characterizing CFTR Modulated Changes in Sweat Chloride and their Association with Clinical Outcomes (CHEC-SC) study is a large epidemiologic study designed to determine the relationship between sweat chloride response and clinical outcomes in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) on commercially approved CFTR modulators.	Chlorides	63-71	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	31-35
33573995-1	2021	BACKGROUND: The Characterizing CFTR Modulated Changes in Sweat Chloride and their Association with Clinical Outcomes (CHEC-SC) study is a large epidemiologic study designed to determine the relationship between sweat chloride response and clinical outcomes in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) on commercially approved CFTR modulators.	Chlorides	63-71	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	318-322
33573995-1	2021	BACKGROUND: The Characterizing CFTR Modulated Changes in Sweat Chloride and their Association with Clinical Outcomes (CHEC-SC) study is a large epidemiologic study designed to determine the relationship between sweat chloride response and clinical outcomes in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) on commercially approved CFTR modulators.	Chlorides	217-225	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	31-35
33573995-1	2021	BACKGROUND: The Characterizing CFTR Modulated Changes in Sweat Chloride and their Association with Clinical Outcomes (CHEC-SC) study is a large epidemiologic study designed to determine the relationship between sweat chloride response and clinical outcomes in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) on commercially approved CFTR modulators.	Chlorides	217-225	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	318-322
33573995-8	2021	CFTR modulator-induced sweat chloride mean changes were compared using historic and pre-modulator sweat chloride.	Chlorides	29-37	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
33536373-8	2021	The results indicated that the complexes with coordinated exogenous water or chloride ligands showed higher SOD activity than those with exogenous thiocyanate ligands.	Chlorides	77-85	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	108-111
33095447-4	2021	Notably, one patient suspected of having Bartter syndrome presented with chloride-secreting diarrhea attributable to homozygous SLC26A3 variants.	Chlorides	73-81	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	128-135
33614016-7	2021	The main ions involved in PH are calcium ion (Ca2+), potassium ion (K+), sodium ion (Na+) and chloride ion (Cl-).	Chlorides	94-102	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	26-28
32956652-4	2021	Phosphorylation of the thiazide-sensitive sodium/chloride cotransporter NCC and its upstream activating kinase Ste20/SPS1-related proline/alanine rich kinase (SPAK), as well as the abundance of with no lysine kinase 4 (WNK4), were significantly reduced in the kidneys of NHA2 knock-out mice.	Chlorides	49-57	solute carrier family 12, member 3	Mus musculus	72-75
32956652-4	2021	Phosphorylation of the thiazide-sensitive sodium/chloride cotransporter NCC and its upstream activating kinase Ste20/SPS1-related proline/alanine rich kinase (SPAK), as well as the abundance of with no lysine kinase 4 (WNK4), were significantly reduced in the kidneys of NHA2 knock-out mice.	Chlorides	49-57	serine/threonine kinase 24	Mus musculus	111-116
32956652-4	2021	Phosphorylation of the thiazide-sensitive sodium/chloride cotransporter NCC and its upstream activating kinase Ste20/SPS1-related proline/alanine rich kinase (SPAK), as well as the abundance of with no lysine kinase 4 (WNK4), were significantly reduced in the kidneys of NHA2 knock-out mice.	Chlorides	49-57	selenophosphate synthetase 1	Mus musculus	117-121
32956652-4	2021	Phosphorylation of the thiazide-sensitive sodium/chloride cotransporter NCC and its upstream activating kinase Ste20/SPS1-related proline/alanine rich kinase (SPAK), as well as the abundance of with no lysine kinase 4 (WNK4), were significantly reduced in the kidneys of NHA2 knock-out mice.	Chlorides	49-57	serine/threonine kinase 39	Mus musculus	159-163
33513812-5	2021	Both inhibition of NKCC1 and activation of KCC3 exert neuroprotection through reduction in intracellular chloride levels and thus could be a novel therapeutic strategy.	Chlorides	105-113	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	19-24
33513812-5	2021	Both inhibition of NKCC1 and activation of KCC3 exert neuroprotection through reduction in intracellular chloride levels and thus could be a novel therapeutic strategy.	Chlorides	105-113	solute carrier family 12 member 6	Homo sapiens	43-47
33514305-1	2021	The anion exchanger slc26a3 (DRA), which is mutated in congenital chloride-losing diarrhea, is expressed in the apical membrane of the cecum and middle-distal colon but not in the proximal colon of rodent large intestines.	Chlorides	66-74	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	29-32
33170181-0	2021	Quantitative response to nitrite from field-induced decomposition of the chloride adduct of RDX by reactive stage tandem ion mobility spectrometry.	Chlorides	73-81	radixin	Homo sapiens	92-95
33396178-4	2021	Exposure to Cd inhibited osteoblast-related proteins (Runx2, Col-1, STC2) and decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity.	Chlorides	12-14	runt related transcription factor 2	Mus musculus	54-59
33298457-7	2021	The site of Azo-NZ1 action is in the chloride-selective pore of GlyR at the 2" position of transmembrane helix 2 and amino acids forming this site determine the difference in Azo-NZ1 blocking activity between GlyR2 and GlyR1.	Chlorides	37-45	glyoxylate reductase 1 homolog (Arabidopsis)	Mus musculus	219-224
33628092-12	2021	The activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter isoform 1 (NKCC1).	Chlorides	129-137	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	18-39
33628092-12	2021	The activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter isoform 1 (NKCC1).	Chlorides	129-137	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	41-50
33628092-12	2021	The activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter isoform 1 (NKCC1).	Chlorides	129-137	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	164-169
33537462-0	2021	Intestinal TMEM16A control luminal chloride secretion in a NHERF1 dependent manner.	Chlorides	35-43	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	11-18
33537462-0	2021	Intestinal TMEM16A control luminal chloride secretion in a NHERF1 dependent manner.	Chlorides	35-43	SLC9A3 regulator 1	Homo sapiens	59-65
33464536-1	2021	Myotonia congenita is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the CLCN1 gene, which encodes for the major chloride skeletal channel ClC-1, involved in the normal repolarization of muscle action potentials and consequent relaxation of the muscle after contraction.	Chlorides	107-115	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	67-72
33464536-1	2021	Myotonia congenita is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the CLCN1 gene, which encodes for the major chloride skeletal channel ClC-1, involved in the normal repolarization of muscle action potentials and consequent relaxation of the muscle after contraction.	Chlorides	107-115	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	133-138
33396178-4	2021	Exposure to Cd inhibited osteoblast-related proteins (Runx2, Col-1, STC2) and decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity.	Chlorides	12-14	stanniocalcin 2	Mus musculus	68-72
33396178-5	2021	Cd caused Exportin-1 accumulation and induced DNA damage.	Chlorides	0-2	exportin 1	Mus musculus	10-20
33396178-6	2021	Cd significantly down-regulated caspase 9 and induced cleaved-PARP, cleaved-caspase 3 protein level.	Chlorides	0-2	caspase 9	Mus musculus	32-41
33396178-6	2021	Cd significantly down-regulated caspase 9 and induced cleaved-PARP, cleaved-caspase 3 protein level.	Chlorides	0-2	poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1	Mus musculus	62-66
33451008-1	2021	Human bestrophin-1 protein (hBest1) is a transmembrane channel associated with the calcium-dependent transport of chloride ions in the retinal pigment epithelium as well as with the transport of glutamate and GABA in nerve cells.	Chlorides	114-122	bestrophin 1	Homo sapiens	6-18
33350832-6	2021	Conclusions point to the innate oxidizing nature of MPO with the ester and sulfonium linkages hiking up the reactivity to enable chloride oxidation.	Chlorides	129-137	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	52-55
33451008-1	2021	Human bestrophin-1 protein (hBest1) is a transmembrane channel associated with the calcium-dependent transport of chloride ions in the retinal pigment epithelium as well as with the transport of glutamate and GABA in nerve cells.	Chlorides	114-122	bestrophin 1	Homo sapiens	28-34
32896986-9	2021	Increased TonEBP and GLRX5 provides confirmation of osmotic stress and chloride ion imbalance in OS epithelium in DED.	Chlorides	71-79	nuclear factor of activated T cells 5	Homo sapiens	10-16
32747394-6	2021	MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Across 28 genotypes, residual CFTR function correlated tightly (r2=0.87) with sweat chloride values.	Chlorides	115-123	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	61-65
32747394-7	2021	When studying the same genotypes, CFTR function rescue by CFTR modulators in organoids correlated tightly with mean improvement in lung function (r2=0.90) and sweat chloride (r2=0.95) reported in clinical trials.	Chlorides	165-173	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	34-38
32747394-7	2021	When studying the same genotypes, CFTR function rescue by CFTR modulators in organoids correlated tightly with mean improvement in lung function (r2=0.90) and sweat chloride (r2=0.95) reported in clinical trials.	Chlorides	165-173	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	58-62
33069918-0	2021	Claudin-18 Loss Alters Transcellular Chloride Flux but not Tight Junction Ion Selectivity in Gastric Epithelial Cells.	Chlorides	37-45	claudin 18	Mus musculus	0-10
33186222-1	2021	PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pendrin resides on the luminal membrane of type B intercalated cells in the renal collecting tubule system mediating the absorption of chloride in exchange for bicarbonate.	Chlorides	154-162	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	19-26
33585337-1	2021	Gitelman syndrome (GS) is a hereditary renal tubulopathy caused by mutations in the SLC12A3 gene which encodes the thiazide-sensitive apical sodium-chloride cotransporter.	Chlorides	148-156	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	84-91
32644818-11	2021	CONCLUSIONS: In this real-world multicenter cohort of children and adults, LUM/IVA treatment was associated with significant improvements in growth and reductions in sweat chloride, without statistically significant or clinically meaningful changes in lung function, hospitalization rates, or P. aeruginosa infection.	Chlorides	172-180	lumican	Homo sapiens	75-78
32896986-9	2021	Increased TonEBP and GLRX5 provides confirmation of osmotic stress and chloride ion imbalance in OS epithelium in DED.	Chlorides	71-79	glutaredoxin 5	Homo sapiens	21-26
32162694-9	2021	In the CA3 region, postsynaptic KAR-activation in pyramidal neurons also strengthens inhibition, but in this case through a metabotropic pathway which regulates the neuronal chloride gradient and hyperpolarizes the reversal potential for GABA (EGABA ).	Chlorides	174-182	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	7-10
32600901-3	2021	VIP is also a potent vasodilator and bronchodilator that regulates exocrine gland secretions, contributing to local innate defense by stimulating the movement of water and chloride transport across intestinal and tracheobronchial epithelia.	Chlorides	172-180	vasoactive intestinal polypeptide	Mus musculus	0-3
33532041-2	2021	Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene disrupts the capacity of the protein to function as a channel, transporting chloride ions and bicarbonate across epithelial cell membranes.	Chlorides	157-165	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	17-68
33532041-2	2021	Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene disrupts the capacity of the protein to function as a channel, transporting chloride ions and bicarbonate across epithelial cell membranes.	Chlorides	157-165	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	70-74
31561709-5	2021	METHOD: Experimental insulin adsorption data from literature is used to calculate insulin delivery and total insulin adsorption capacities for polyethylene (PE) and polyvinal chloride (PVC) lines at clinically relevant flow rates and concentrations.	Chlorides	165-183	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
31561709-5	2021	METHOD: Experimental insulin adsorption data from literature is used to calculate insulin delivery and total insulin adsorption capacities for polyethylene (PE) and polyvinal chloride (PVC) lines at clinically relevant flow rates and concentrations.	Chlorides	185-188	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
31561709-6	2021	RESULTS: Insulin adsorption capacity decreased hyperbolically with flow rate for both PE and PVC, where low flow scenarios result in greater insulin adherence to infusion lines.	Chlorides	93-96	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
32162694-9	2021	In the CA3 region, postsynaptic KAR-activation in pyramidal neurons also strengthens inhibition, but in this case through a metabotropic pathway which regulates the neuronal chloride gradient and hyperpolarizes the reversal potential for GABA (EGABA ).	Chlorides	174-182	KAR	Homo sapiens	32-35
33205229-2	2021	The apical chloride/bicarbonate (Cl-/HCO3-) exchanger encoded by Slc26a6, known as PAT-1 (putative anion transporter 1), is a potential candidate.	Chlorides	11-19	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	65-72
33205229-2	2021	The apical chloride/bicarbonate (Cl-/HCO3-) exchanger encoded by Slc26a6, known as PAT-1 (putative anion transporter 1), is a potential candidate.	Chlorides	11-19	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	83-88
33205229-2	2021	The apical chloride/bicarbonate (Cl-/HCO3-) exchanger encoded by Slc26a6, known as PAT-1 (putative anion transporter 1), is a potential candidate.	Chlorides	11-19	solute carrier family 26, member 6	Mus musculus	90-118
32905759-1	2020	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that compromise its chloride channel activity.	Chlorides	135-143	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	51-102
33599438-0	2021	Congenital chloride diarrhea in patient with SLC26A2 mutation - analysis of the clinical phenotype and differential diagnosis.	Chlorides	11-19	solute carrier family 26 member 2	Homo sapiens	45-52
33396610-3	2020	The chloride anions in the polymer chain were involved in ionic exchange reactions to introduce pharmaceutical anions, i.e., p-aminosalicylate (PAS-), clavulanate (CLV-), piperacillin (PIP-), and fusidate (FUS-), which are established antibacterial agents for treating lung and respiratory diseases.	Chlorides	4-12	prolactin induced protein	Homo sapiens	185-188
32905759-1	2020	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that compromise its chloride channel activity.	Chlorides	135-143	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	104-108
33310850-1	2020	Potassium-chloride cotransporters KCC1 to KCC4 mediate the coupled export of potassium and chloride across the plasma membrane and play important roles in cell volume regulation, auditory system function, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine-mediated inhibitory neurotransmission.	Chlorides	10-18	solute carrier family 12 member 4	Homo sapiens	34-38
33348555-2	2020	It is a monogenetic autosomal recessive disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the chloride channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), the impairment of which leads to ionic disequilibria in exocrine organs.	Chlorides	110-118	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	180-184
33310850-1	2020	Potassium-chloride cotransporters KCC1 to KCC4 mediate the coupled export of potassium and chloride across the plasma membrane and play important roles in cell volume regulation, auditory system function, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine-mediated inhibitory neurotransmission.	Chlorides	10-18	solute carrier family 12 member 7	Homo sapiens	42-46
31974654-1	2020	Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene cause the recessive genetic disease cystic fibrosis, where the chloride transport across the apical membrane of epithelial cells mediated by the CFTR protein is impaired.	Chlorides	144-152	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	226-230
33179677-1	2020	The reaction of GaIIIClPc, SnIVCl2TPP and BIIIClSubPc containing phthalocyanine (Pc), tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) and subphthalocyanine (SubPc) macrocycles with cyanide in the presence of cryptand[2.2.2] under anaerobic conditions yields crystalline salts in which cyano anions substitute chloride anions at GaIII, SnIV or BIII, as well as reducing the macrocycles or adding one or two CN- to them.	Chlorides	288-296	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 B	Homo sapiens	42-46
32959891-16	2020	These nAChR might serve as possible target to stimulate chloride transport via TMEM16A.	Chlorides	56-64	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	6-11
32959891-16	2020	These nAChR might serve as possible target to stimulate chloride transport via TMEM16A.	Chlorides	56-64	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	79-86
31974654-8	2020	The results identify a SYK/SHC1 pathway that regulates the PM levels of CFTR channels, contributing to a better understanding of how CFTR-mediated chloride secretion is regulated.	Chlorides	147-155	spleen associated tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	23-26
32093550-3	2020	We recently identified a novel and evolutionarily conserved membrane protein, PAC (also known as PACC1 or TMEM206), encoding the proton-activated chloride (Cl-) channel, whose activity is widely observed in human cell lines.	Chlorides	146-154	proton activated chloride channel 1	Homo sapiens	106-113
31974654-1	2020	Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene cause the recessive genetic disease cystic fibrosis, where the chloride transport across the apical membrane of epithelial cells mediated by the CFTR protein is impaired.	Chlorides	144-152	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	17-68
31974654-8	2020	The results identify a SYK/SHC1 pathway that regulates the PM levels of CFTR channels, contributing to a better understanding of how CFTR-mediated chloride secretion is regulated.	Chlorides	147-155	SHC adaptor protein 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
31974654-1	2020	Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene cause the recessive genetic disease cystic fibrosis, where the chloride transport across the apical membrane of epithelial cells mediated by the CFTR protein is impaired.	Chlorides	144-152	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	70-74
31974654-8	2020	The results identify a SYK/SHC1 pathway that regulates the PM levels of CFTR channels, contributing to a better understanding of how CFTR-mediated chloride secretion is regulated.	Chlorides	147-155	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	72-76
31974654-8	2020	The results identify a SYK/SHC1 pathway that regulates the PM levels of CFTR channels, contributing to a better understanding of how CFTR-mediated chloride secretion is regulated.	Chlorides	147-155	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	133-137
32768787-0	2020	Ammonium aggravates salt stress in plants by entrapping them in a chloride over-accumulation state in an NRT1.1-dependent manner.	Chlorides	66-74	nitrate transporter 1.1	Arabidopsis thaliana	105-111
32173860-6	2020	Accordingly we infer that EAAT5 may well be a player in modulating neuronal function in the human brain and propose that its localisation in both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons could be compatible with a role in influencing intracellular chloride and thereby neuronal parameters such as membrane potential rather than acting as a presynaptic glutamate transporter.	Chlorides	243-251	solute carrier family 1 member 7	Homo sapiens	26-31
32895930-0	2020	A unique primary structure of RDL (resistant to dieldrin) confers resistance to GABA-gated chloride channel blockers in the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch.	Chlorides	91-99	gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-like	Tetranychus urticae	30-33
32965659-2	2020	Ivacaftor, a CFTR potentiator that enhances chloride transport, increases the channel-open probability of normal and dysfunctional CFTR.	Chlorides	44-52	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	13-17
33047476-0	2020	A Chloride-Centered Ag-Au Bimetallic Cluster Cl@Ag22Au6(4-TBBT)28(PPh4) for Optics.	Chlorides	2-10	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 3	Homo sapiens	66-70
33201261-2	2020	It is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which lead to a dysfunctional chloride channel and a defective CFTR protein.	Chlorides	128-136	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	33-84
33201261-2	2020	It is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which lead to a dysfunctional chloride channel and a defective CFTR protein.	Chlorides	128-136	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	86-90
32186563-7	2020	A possible weak interaction between one of the chlorides and the carbenium moiety in the ligand is observed in crystals of both of the Co(ii) and Ni(ii) complexes with ligand L1.	Chlorides	47-56	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	135-141
33266310-1	2020	Intracellular chloride levels in the brain are regulated primarily through the opposing effects of two cation-chloride co-transporters (CCCs), namely K+-Cl- co-transporter-2 (KCC2) and Na+-K+-Cl- co-transporter-1 (NKCC1).	Chlorides	14-22	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	150-173
33266310-1	2020	Intracellular chloride levels in the brain are regulated primarily through the opposing effects of two cation-chloride co-transporters (CCCs), namely K+-Cl- co-transporter-2 (KCC2) and Na+-K+-Cl- co-transporter-1 (NKCC1).	Chlorides	14-22	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	175-179
33266310-1	2020	Intracellular chloride levels in the brain are regulated primarily through the opposing effects of two cation-chloride co-transporters (CCCs), namely K+-Cl- co-transporter-2 (KCC2) and Na+-K+-Cl- co-transporter-1 (NKCC1).	Chlorides	14-22	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	185-212
33266310-1	2020	Intracellular chloride levels in the brain are regulated primarily through the opposing effects of two cation-chloride co-transporters (CCCs), namely K+-Cl- co-transporter-2 (KCC2) and Na+-K+-Cl- co-transporter-1 (NKCC1).	Chlorides	14-22	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	214-219
32186563-7	2020	A possible weak interaction between one of the chlorides and the carbenium moiety in the ligand is observed in crystals of both of the Co(ii) and Ni(ii) complexes with ligand L1.	Chlorides	47-56	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	138-140
33216713-4	2020	Chloride efflux is suggested as an important step in NLRP3 activation, but which chloride channels are involved is still unknown.	Chlorides	0-8	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	53-58
33329012-4	2020	Human and murine muscle specimens (wild-type and BK-/-) were exposed to anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (9-AC) to inhibit CLC-1 chloride channels and to induce myotonia in-vitro.	Chlorides	125-133	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 1	Mus musculus	119-124
33191723-0	2020	Congenital chloride diarrhea in patient with SLC26A2 mutation - analysis of the clinical phenotype and differential diagnosis.	Chlorides	11-19	solute carrier family 26 member 2	Homo sapiens	45-52
33200712-4	2021	At spinal level, BDNF intervenes in the regulation of chloride equilibrium potential, decreases the excitatory synaptic drive to inhibitory neurons, with complex changes in GABAergic/glycinergic synaptic transmission, and increases excitatory transmission in the superficial dorsal horn.	Chlorides	54-62	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	17-21
33251406-4	2020	The reaction of the chloride-bridged dinuclear Pd(II) complexes [PdCl(mu-Cl)(PR3)]2 [PR3 = PEt3 (3a) and PPhMe2 (3b)] with NaN3 afforded the azide-bridged dinuclear and tetranuclear Pd(II) complexes [Pd(N3)(mu-N3)(PEt3)]2 (4) and [Pd(N3)(mu-N3)(PPhMe2)]4 (5).	Chlorides	20-28	proteinase 3	Homo sapiens	77-80
33182643-3	2020	Histamine signaling, including an increase in the Ca2+ signal, mediated the enhanced protein expression and chloride/bicarbonate exchange activity of anion exchanger AE2 in keratinocytes.	Chlorides	108-116	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	166-169
33007547-1	2020	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme peroxidase found in neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages that efficiently catalyzes the oxidation of endogenous chloride into hypochlorous acid for antimicrobial activity.	Chlorides	146-154	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
33007547-1	2020	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme peroxidase found in neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages that efficiently catalyzes the oxidation of endogenous chloride into hypochlorous acid for antimicrobial activity.	Chlorides	146-154	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	17-20
32892950-2	2020	GABAAR function is dependent on its expression, distribution, and the chloride (Cl-) transmembrane gradient, which is determined by the potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) in the adult brain.	Chlorides	70-78	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	172-176
33251406-4	2020	The reaction of the chloride-bridged dinuclear Pd(II) complexes [PdCl(mu-Cl)(PR3)]2 [PR3 = PEt3 (3a) and PPhMe2 (3b)] with NaN3 afforded the azide-bridged dinuclear and tetranuclear Pd(II) complexes [Pd(N3)(mu-N3)(PEt3)]2 (4) and [Pd(N3)(mu-N3)(PPhMe2)]4 (5).	Chlorides	20-28	proteinase 3	Homo sapiens	85-88
33182508-3	2020	In patients with excessive loss of salt in the sweat or poor salt intake, the maintenance of metabolic alkalosis is crucially modulated by the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger pendrin located on the renal tubular membrane of type B intercalated cells.	Chlorides	143-151	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	174-181
33183317-0	2020	Leptin down-regulates KCC2 activity and controls chloride homeostasis in the neonatal rat hippocampus.	Chlorides	49-57	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
33183317-3	2020	Here we show that leptin controls chloride homeostasis in the developing rat hippocampus in vitro.	Chlorides	34-42	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	18-24
33183317-4	2020	The effect of leptin relies on the down-regulation of the potassium/chloride extruder KCC2 activity and is present during a restricted period of postnatal development.	Chlorides	68-76	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	14-20
33183317-4	2020	The effect of leptin relies on the down-regulation of the potassium/chloride extruder KCC2 activity and is present during a restricted period of postnatal development.	Chlorides	68-76	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	86-90
33153239-9	2020	The calculations indicate that CsPb(Br1-xClx)3 perovskite could be used in optical and optoelectronic devices by partly replacing bromide with chloride.	Chlorides	143-151	granzyme B	Homo sapiens	31-35
33153239-9	2020	The calculations indicate that CsPb(Br1-xClx)3 perovskite could be used in optical and optoelectronic devices by partly replacing bromide with chloride.	Chlorides	143-151	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11	Homo sapiens	36-39
32306429-3	2020	Meanwhile, the electrochemical balance is maintained by secretion of chloride ions through apical chloride channels, including the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) (1).	Chlorides	69-77	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	131-182
33087577-5	2020	We found that CDNs containing adenosine induced a robust CFTR-mediated chloride secretory response together with cAMP-mediated inhibition of Poly I:C-stimulated IFNbeta expression.	Chlorides	71-79	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
32306429-3	2020	Meanwhile, the electrochemical balance is maintained by secretion of chloride ions through apical chloride channels, including the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) (1).	Chlorides	69-77	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	184-188
32632909-1	2020	Mutations in SLC4A1, encoding the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger known as anion exchanger 1, have been reported as the sole genetic cause of autosomal dominant distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA).	Chlorides	34-42	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	13-19
32632909-1	2020	Mutations in SLC4A1, encoding the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger known as anion exchanger 1, have been reported as the sole genetic cause of autosomal dominant distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA).	Chlorides	34-42	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	74-91
32989040-5	2020	On the other hand, blocking Smo activity maintains GABA response in a depolarizing state in mature cortical neurons resulting in altered chloride homeostasis and increased seizure susceptibility.	Chlorides	137-145	smoothened, frizzled class receptor	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
33010370-9	2020	In summary, these compounds have the potential to regulate the activites of TMEM16A/CaCCs and CFTR channels in vitro, providing a new class of lead compounds for the development of drugs for diseases related to chloride channel dysfunction.	Chlorides	211-219	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	76-83
33010370-9	2020	In summary, these compounds have the potential to regulate the activites of TMEM16A/CaCCs and CFTR channels in vitro, providing a new class of lead compounds for the development of drugs for diseases related to chloride channel dysfunction.	Chlorides	211-219	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	94-98
33254528-4	2020	The proteins commonly found in neutrophil extracellular traps such as CCDC25, myeloperoxidase (MPO), histone H3, peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) possess basic amino acid content at about 20.2%, 12.8%, 24.3% and 13.0% respectively, which attracts anions such as chloride.	Chlorides	265-273	coiled-coil domain containing 25	Homo sapiens	70-76
33254528-4	2020	The proteins commonly found in neutrophil extracellular traps such as CCDC25, myeloperoxidase (MPO), histone H3, peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) possess basic amino acid content at about 20.2%, 12.8%, 24.3% and 13.0% respectively, which attracts anions such as chloride.	Chlorides	265-273	peptidyl arginine deiminase 4	Homo sapiens	143-147
32860887-1	2020	BACKGROUND: The hyperpolarizing activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptors depends on the intracellular chloride gradient that is developmentally regulated by the activity of the chloride extruder potassium (K) chloride (Cl) cotransporter 2 (KCC2).	Chlorides	117-125	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	255-259
32860887-1	2020	BACKGROUND: The hyperpolarizing activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptors depends on the intracellular chloride gradient that is developmentally regulated by the activity of the chloride extruder potassium (K) chloride (Cl) cotransporter 2 (KCC2).	Chlorides	192-200	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	255-259
33124714-0	2020	Congenital chloride diarrhea in a Japanese neonate with a novel SLC26A3 mutation.	Chlorides	11-19	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	64-71
32951339-0	2020	A novel de novo SLC26A3 mutation causing congenital chloride diarrhea in a Japanese neonate.	Chlorides	52-60	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	16-23
32989040-6	2020	This study reveals an unexpected function of Smo signaling on the regulation of chloride homeostasis through the control of KCC2 cell surface stability and on the timing of the GABA inhibitory/excitatory shift in brain maturation.	Chlorides	80-88	smoothened, frizzled class receptor	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
32989040-6	2020	This study reveals an unexpected function of Smo signaling on the regulation of chloride homeostasis through the control of KCC2 cell surface stability and on the timing of the GABA inhibitory/excitatory shift in brain maturation.	Chlorides	80-88	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	124-128
33059864-5	2020	This slight modification is crucial to be able to detect the cationic products in the acidic reaction mixture, because the chloride-aggregated Ag colloids not only create enormous hot spots for SERS enhancement, but also improve the chemical stability of nanostructured Ag substrates in acidic environment.	Chlorides	123-131	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	194-198
33106803-0	2020	Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a structure reveals chloride binding sites.	Chlorides	47-55	ORF3a protein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	23-28
33192599-0	2020	Physiological Processes Modulated by the Chloride-Sensitive WNK-SPAK/OSR1 Kinase Signaling Pathway and the Cation-Coupled Chloride Cotransporters.	Chlorides	41-49	serine/threonine kinase 39	Homo sapiens	64-68
32712094-0	2020	Inhibition of CFTR-mediated intestinal chloride secretion by a fungus-derived arthropsolide A: Mechanism of action and anti-diarrheal efficacy.	Chlorides	39-47	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	14-18
33038073-6	2020	Treatment of F508del CFTR homozygous cells with CFTR modulating compounds increased CFTR activity, which was significantly more evident in the presence of a chloride gradient.	Chlorides	157-165	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	48-52
33117611-1	2020	Purpose: The epithelium lining the ocular surface, which includes corneal and conjunctival epithelia, expresses the prosecretory chloride channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the proabsorptive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC).	Chlorides	129-137	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	199-203
32755679-3	2020	Compared with the previous analogue without trifluoromethyl substituents, these two conjugates, in particular the one having a 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) substituent, exhibit significantly higher ability to facilitate the transport of chloride anions, alkalize lysosomes and reduce the activity of lysosomal Cathepsin B enzyme.	Chlorides	233-241	cathepsin B	Homo sapiens	306-317
33038073-0	2020	Effect of apical chloride concentration on the measurement of responses to CFTR modulation in airway epithelia cultured from nasal brushings.	Chlorides	17-25	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	75-79
33066389-0	2020	Enhancing Effect of Chloride Ions on the Autocatalytic Process of Ag(I) Reduction by Co(II) Complexes.	Chlorides	20-28	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	85-91
33038073-6	2020	Treatment of F508del CFTR homozygous cells with CFTR modulating compounds increased CFTR activity, which was significantly more evident in the presence of a chloride gradient.	Chlorides	157-165	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	48-52
33038073-3	2020	METHODS: CFTR-mediated changes in the potential difference and transepithelial currents of primary human nasal epithelial cell cultures were quantified in Ussing chambers with either symmetrical solutions or reduced chloride solutions in the apical chamber.	Chlorides	216-224	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	9-13
33038073-8	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Imposing a chloride gradient during Ussing chamber measurements resulted in increased CFTR-mediated ion transport in expanded non-CF and F508del CFTR homozygous epithelia.	Chlorides	24-32	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	99-103
33038073-5	2020	RESULTS: Imposing a chloride gradient increased CFTR-mediated and CaCC-mediated ion transport.	Chlorides	20-28	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	48-52
33038073-8	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Imposing a chloride gradient during Ussing chamber measurements resulted in increased CFTR-mediated ion transport in expanded non-CF and F508del CFTR homozygous epithelia.	Chlorides	24-32	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	158-162
33038073-5	2020	RESULTS: Imposing a chloride gradient increased CFTR-mediated and CaCC-mediated ion transport.	Chlorides	20-28	chloride channel accessory 1	Homo sapiens	66-70
33038073-6	2020	Treatment of F508del CFTR homozygous cells with CFTR modulating compounds increased CFTR activity, which was significantly more evident in the presence of a chloride gradient.	Chlorides	157-165	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	21-25
33038073-9	2020	In F508del CFTR homozygous epithelia, the magnitude of response to CFTR modulating compounds or low temperature was greater when assayed with a chloride gradient compared to symmetrical chloride, resulting in an apparent increase in measured efficacy.	Chlorides	144-152	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	11-15
33038073-9	2020	In F508del CFTR homozygous epithelia, the magnitude of response to CFTR modulating compounds or low temperature was greater when assayed with a chloride gradient compared to symmetrical chloride, resulting in an apparent increase in measured efficacy.	Chlorides	144-152	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	67-71
33038073-9	2020	In F508del CFTR homozygous epithelia, the magnitude of response to CFTR modulating compounds or low temperature was greater when assayed with a chloride gradient compared to symmetrical chloride, resulting in an apparent increase in measured efficacy.	Chlorides	186-194	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	11-15
33038073-9	2020	In F508del CFTR homozygous epithelia, the magnitude of response to CFTR modulating compounds or low temperature was greater when assayed with a chloride gradient compared to symmetrical chloride, resulting in an apparent increase in measured efficacy.	Chlorides	186-194	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	67-71
32982730-1	2020	Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a recessive genetic disease due to mutations of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene encoding the CFTR chloride channel.	Chlorides	158-166	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	76-127
32962254-1	2020	Cystic fibrosis (CF), a lethal hereditary disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene coding for an epithelial chloride channel, is characterized by an imbalanced homeostasis of ion and water transports in secretory epithelia.	Chlorides	166-174	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	77-128
32933106-0	2020	Ionocytes and CFTR Chloride Channel Expression in Normal and Cystic Fibrosis Nasal and Bronchial Epithelial Cells.	Chlorides	19-27	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	14-18
32933106-2	2020	Our aim was to verify if ionocyte development is altered in CF and to investigate the relationship between ionocytes and CFTR-dependent chloride secretion.	Chlorides	136-144	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	121-125
32973172-1	2020	Na+-K+-2Cl- Cotransporter (NKCC1) is a protein that aids in the active transport of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions across cell membranes.	Chlorides	107-115	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	27-32
32853178-5	2020	The VX-661+VX-445 treatment restored F508del-CFTR chloride channel function in the presence of VX-770 to ~62% of wild-type CFTR in homozygous nasal epithelia.	Chlorides	50-58	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	45-49
32933070-1	2020	Analysis of sweat chloride levels in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is essential not only for diagnosis but also for the monitoring of therapeutic responses to new drugs, such as cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators and potentiators.	Chlorides	18-26	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	178-229
32933070-1	2020	Analysis of sweat chloride levels in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is essential not only for diagnosis but also for the monitoring of therapeutic responses to new drugs, such as cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators and potentiators.	Chlorides	18-26	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	231-235
32470665-6	2020	Chloride recovery, the treatment metric for 2CP oxidation, indicated a wide range in oxidation (0-49.2%) where bituminous- and wood-based GAC performed best.	Chlorides	0-8	glutaminase	Homo sapiens	138-141
32982730-1	2020	Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a recessive genetic disease due to mutations of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene encoding the CFTR chloride channel.	Chlorides	158-166	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	129-133
32619563-3	2020	Multiple studies have suggested that fluid secretion across ADPKD cyst-lining cells is driven by the secretion of chloride, essentially mediated by the CFTR channel and stimulated by increased intracellular levels of 3",5"-cyclic adenosine monophosphate.	Chlorides	114-122	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	152-156
32374624-8	2020	Assessment of CFTR chloride transport revealed an increase in CFTR-mediated chloride secretion in response to ARINA-1 in CFBE41o- cells expressing wild-type CFTR, driven by CFTR activity stimulation by ascorbate.	Chlorides	19-27	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	14-18
32374624-8	2020	Assessment of CFTR chloride transport revealed an increase in CFTR-mediated chloride secretion in response to ARINA-1 in CFBE41o- cells expressing wild-type CFTR, driven by CFTR activity stimulation by ascorbate.	Chlorides	19-27	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	62-66
32374624-8	2020	Assessment of CFTR chloride transport revealed an increase in CFTR-mediated chloride secretion in response to ARINA-1 in CFBE41o- cells expressing wild-type CFTR, driven by CFTR activity stimulation by ascorbate.	Chlorides	19-27	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	62-66
32374624-8	2020	Assessment of CFTR chloride transport revealed an increase in CFTR-mediated chloride secretion in response to ARINA-1 in CFBE41o- cells expressing wild-type CFTR, driven by CFTR activity stimulation by ascorbate.	Chlorides	19-27	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	62-66
32374624-8	2020	Assessment of CFTR chloride transport revealed an increase in CFTR-mediated chloride secretion in response to ARINA-1 in CFBE41o- cells expressing wild-type CFTR, driven by CFTR activity stimulation by ascorbate.	Chlorides	76-84	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	14-18
32374624-8	2020	Assessment of CFTR chloride transport revealed an increase in CFTR-mediated chloride secretion in response to ARINA-1 in CFBE41o- cells expressing wild-type CFTR, driven by CFTR activity stimulation by ascorbate.	Chlorides	76-84	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	62-66
32374624-8	2020	Assessment of CFTR chloride transport revealed an increase in CFTR-mediated chloride secretion in response to ARINA-1 in CFBE41o- cells expressing wild-type CFTR, driven by CFTR activity stimulation by ascorbate.	Chlorides	76-84	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	62-66
32374624-8	2020	Assessment of CFTR chloride transport revealed an increase in CFTR-mediated chloride secretion in response to ARINA-1 in CFBE41o- cells expressing wild-type CFTR, driven by CFTR activity stimulation by ascorbate.	Chlorides	76-84	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	62-66
32999829-0	2020	Combining Battery-Type and Pseudocapacitive Charge Storage in Ag/Ti3C2T x MXene Electrode for Capturing Chloride Ions with High Capacitance and Fast Ion Transport.	Chlorides	104-112	Fas activated serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	144-148
32859916-2	2020	Transepithelial chloride secretion through cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and TMEM16A (anoctamin 1) are known to drive cyst enlargement.	Chlorides	16-24	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	43-94
32859916-2	2020	Transepithelial chloride secretion through cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and TMEM16A (anoctamin 1) are known to drive cyst enlargement.	Chlorides	16-24	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	96-100
32859916-2	2020	Transepithelial chloride secretion through cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and TMEM16A (anoctamin 1) are known to drive cyst enlargement.	Chlorides	16-24	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	106-113
32859916-2	2020	Transepithelial chloride secretion through cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and TMEM16A (anoctamin 1) are known to drive cyst enlargement.	Chlorides	16-24	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	115-126
32504456-1	2020	Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, occurs due to mutations in CFTR gene resulting in impaired cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel function in various epithelia.	Chlorides	173-181	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	82-86
32504456-1	2020	Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, occurs due to mutations in CFTR gene resulting in impaired cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel function in various epithelia.	Chlorides	173-181	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	114-165
32504456-1	2020	Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, occurs due to mutations in CFTR gene resulting in impaired cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel function in various epithelia.	Chlorides	173-181	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	167-171
32747447-2	2020	We have shown that therapeutic doses of vardenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, corrects CF Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR)-dependent chloride transport in respiratory and intestinal tissues of F508del homozygous mice.	Chlorides	162-170	phosphodiesterase 5A, cGMP-specific	Mus musculus	54-78
32747447-2	2020	We have shown that therapeutic doses of vardenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, corrects CF Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR)-dependent chloride transport in respiratory and intestinal tissues of F508del homozygous mice.	Chlorides	162-170	phosphodiesterase 5A, cGMP-specific	Mus musculus	80-84
32747447-2	2020	We have shown that therapeutic doses of vardenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, corrects CF Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR)-dependent chloride transport in respiratory and intestinal tissues of F508del homozygous mice.	Chlorides	162-170	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	106-144
32747447-2	2020	We have shown that therapeutic doses of vardenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, corrects CF Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR)-dependent chloride transport in respiratory and intestinal tissues of F508del homozygous mice.	Chlorides	162-170	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	146-150
32923987-0	2020	Pendrin stimulates a chloride absorption pathway to increase CFTR-mediated chloride secretion from Cystic Fibrosis airway epithelia.	Chlorides	21-29	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
32922301-2	2020	TNF alpha reduces fluid absorption due to impairment of sodium and chloride transport required for building an osmotic gradient across epithelial cells, which in the airways maintains airway surface liquid helping to keep airways open and enabling bacterial clearance and aids water absorption from the alveolar spaces.	Chlorides	67-75	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-9
32922301-6	2020	Confirmation of hypothesis and implications: The role of a reduction in the function of epithelial sodium and chloride transport could with regards to chloride transport be tested by analysis of chloride levels in exhaled breath condensate and levels correlated with TNF alpha concentrations.	Chlorides	110-118	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	267-276
32922301-6	2020	Confirmation of hypothesis and implications: The role of a reduction in the function of epithelial sodium and chloride transport could with regards to chloride transport be tested by analysis of chloride levels in exhaled breath condensate and levels correlated with TNF alpha concentrations.	Chlorides	151-159	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	267-276
32922301-6	2020	Confirmation of hypothesis and implications: The role of a reduction in the function of epithelial sodium and chloride transport could with regards to chloride transport be tested by analysis of chloride levels in exhaled breath condensate and levels correlated with TNF alpha concentrations.	Chlorides	151-159	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	267-276
32922301-10	2020	Chloride transport could be facilitated by CFTR activators, including curcumin and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors.	Chlorides	0-8	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	43-47
32923987-0	2020	Pendrin stimulates a chloride absorption pathway to increase CFTR-mediated chloride secretion from Cystic Fibrosis airway epithelia.	Chlorides	21-29	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	61-65
32923987-0	2020	Pendrin stimulates a chloride absorption pathway to increase CFTR-mediated chloride secretion from Cystic Fibrosis airway epithelia.	Chlorides	75-83	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
32923987-0	2020	Pendrin stimulates a chloride absorption pathway to increase CFTR-mediated chloride secretion from Cystic Fibrosis airway epithelia.	Chlorides	75-83	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	61-65
32579473-0	2020	WNK3 and WNK4 exhibit opposite sensitivity with respect to cell volume and intracellular chloride concentration.	Chlorides	89-97	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
32769979-1	2020	GABAA/glycine-mediated neuronal inhibition critically depends on intracellular chloride (Cl-) concentration which is mainly regulated by the K+-Cl- co-transporter 2 (KCC2) in the adult central nervous system (CNS).	Chlorides	79-87	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	141-164
32769979-1	2020	GABAA/glycine-mediated neuronal inhibition critically depends on intracellular chloride (Cl-) concentration which is mainly regulated by the K+-Cl- co-transporter 2 (KCC2) in the adult central nervous system (CNS).	Chlorides	79-87	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	166-170
32749217-0	2020	Cryo-EM structure of the lysosomal chloride-proton exchanger CLC-7 in complex with OSTM1.	Chlorides	35-43	chloride voltage-gated channel 7	Homo sapiens	61-66
32749217-0	2020	Cryo-EM structure of the lysosomal chloride-proton exchanger CLC-7 in complex with OSTM1.	Chlorides	35-43	osteoclastogenesis associated transmembrane protein 1	Homo sapiens	83-88
32749217-1	2020	The chloride-proton exchanger CLC-7 plays critical roles in lysosomal homeostasis and bone regeneration and its mutation can lead to osteopetrosis, lysosomal storage disease and neurological disorders.	Chlorides	4-12	chloride voltage-gated channel 7	Homo sapiens	30-35
32374441-1	2020	Propargyl alcohols, on treatment with MHMDS (M = Na, K), B2(pin)2, an acid chloride and a palladium/copper co-catalyst system, undergo a reaction cascade comprised of trans-diboration, regioselective acylation, cyclization and dehydration to give trisubstituted furylboronic acid pinacol ester derivatives in good yields; subsequent Suzuki coupling allows a fourth substituent of choice to be introduced and hence tetrasubstituted (arylated) furans to be formed.	Chlorides	75-83	telomeric repeat binding factor 1	Homo sapiens	57-65
32579473-0	2020	WNK3 and WNK4 exhibit opposite sensitivity with respect to cell volume and intracellular chloride concentration.	Chlorides	89-97	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Homo sapiens	9-13
32579473-8	2020	Chimeric WNK3/WNK4 proteins were produced, and analysis of the chimeras suggests that sequences within the WNK"s carboxy-terminal end may modulate the chloride affinity.	Chlorides	151-159	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	9-13
32579473-8	2020	Chimeric WNK3/WNK4 proteins were produced, and analysis of the chimeras suggests that sequences within the WNK"s carboxy-terminal end may modulate the chloride affinity.	Chlorides	151-159	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Homo sapiens	14-18
32775894-4	2020	Distance-based detection of chloride was achieved by measuring the length of the colored band with a detection limit of 1.7 mg L-1 Cl-.	Chlorides	28-36	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	127-130
32850522-1	2020	Objectives and Study: Congenital chloride diarrhea (CCD) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the SLC26A3 gene encoding a transmembrane chloride/bicarbonate ion exchanger mainly expressed in the apical brush border of the ileal and colonic epithelium.	Chlorides	33-41	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	124-131
32651985-1	2020	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a highly prevalent autosomal recessive disorder that is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene (7q31.2), which encodes the CFTR chloride-anion channel that is expressed in several tissues.	Chlorides	191-199	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	107-145
32651985-1	2020	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a highly prevalent autosomal recessive disorder that is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene (7q31.2), which encodes the CFTR chloride-anion channel that is expressed in several tissues.	Chlorides	191-199	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	147-151
32651985-1	2020	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a highly prevalent autosomal recessive disorder that is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene (7q31.2), which encodes the CFTR chloride-anion channel that is expressed in several tissues.	Chlorides	191-199	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	186-190
32520327-0	2020	Antisense oligonucleotide-mediated correction of CFTR splicing improves chloride secretion in cystic fibrosis patient-derived bronchial epithelial cells.	Chlorides	72-80	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	49-53
32520327-1	2020	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, encoding an anion channel that conducts chloride and bicarbonate across epithelial membranes.	Chlorides	175-183	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	83-121
32520327-1	2020	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, encoding an anion channel that conducts chloride and bicarbonate across epithelial membranes.	Chlorides	175-183	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	123-127
32606316-2	2020	The resulting defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR) results in defective chloride and bicarbonate secretion, as well as dysregulation of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC).	Chlorides	116-124	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	28-79
32606316-2	2020	The resulting defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR) results in defective chloride and bicarbonate secretion, as well as dysregulation of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC).	Chlorides	116-124	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	89-93
32775894-5	2020	This method was used to detect chlorides in tap water, with an analytical result (10.1 +- 1.2 mg L-1) agreeing well with that obtained by a classical conventional precipitation titration (9.8 mg L-1), which was based on the measurement of the consumed volume of titrant.	Chlorides	31-40	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	97-100
32775894-5	2020	This method was used to detect chlorides in tap water, with an analytical result (10.1 +- 1.2 mg L-1) agreeing well with that obtained by a classical conventional precipitation titration (9.8 mg L-1), which was based on the measurement of the consumed volume of titrant.	Chlorides	31-40	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	195-198
31349005-0	2020	Tonic Calcium-Activated Chloride Current Sustained by ATP Release and Highly Desensitizing Human P2X1 Receptors.	Chlorides	24-32	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Homo sapiens	97-101
32555805-7	2020	Reaction of H3(L2)2+ with Pd(ii) in the presence of chloride ions at pH ~ 2.0 afforded [PdH(L2)Cl2] 2H2O (3) in a solid state whose molecular structure was assessed by single crystal X-ray diffraction.	Chlorides	52-60	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	88-91
32573649-1	2020	Cystic Fibrosis (CF), the most common lethal autosomic recessive disorder among Caucasians, is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein, a cAMP-regulated chloride channel expressed at the apical surface of epithelial cells.	Chlorides	225-233	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	140-191
32573649-1	2020	Cystic Fibrosis (CF), the most common lethal autosomic recessive disorder among Caucasians, is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein, a cAMP-regulated chloride channel expressed at the apical surface of epithelial cells.	Chlorides	225-233	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	193-197
32821878-1	2020	The calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) TMEM16A enables chloride secretion across several transporting epithelia, including in the airways.	Chlorides	22-30	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	40-44
32733191-4	2020	The strength and polarity of GABA-mediated neurotransmission are determined by the intracellular chloride concentration, which in turn is regulated by cation-chloride cotransporters NKCC1 and KCC2.	Chlorides	97-105	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	182-187
32733191-4	2020	The strength and polarity of GABA-mediated neurotransmission are determined by the intracellular chloride concentration, which in turn is regulated by cation-chloride cotransporters NKCC1 and KCC2.	Chlorides	97-105	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	192-196
32422433-1	2020	Chloride fluxes through the calcium-gated chloride channel Anoctamin-1 (TMEM16A) control blood pressure, secretion of saliva, mucin, insulin, and melatonin, gastrointestinal motility, sperm capacitation and motility, and pain sensation.	Chlorides	0-8	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	59-70
32422433-1	2020	Chloride fluxes through the calcium-gated chloride channel Anoctamin-1 (TMEM16A) control blood pressure, secretion of saliva, mucin, insulin, and melatonin, gastrointestinal motility, sperm capacitation and motility, and pain sensation.	Chlorides	0-8	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	72-79
32422433-1	2020	Chloride fluxes through the calcium-gated chloride channel Anoctamin-1 (TMEM16A) control blood pressure, secretion of saliva, mucin, insulin, and melatonin, gastrointestinal motility, sperm capacitation and motility, and pain sensation.	Chlorides	0-8	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	126-131
32422433-1	2020	Chloride fluxes through the calcium-gated chloride channel Anoctamin-1 (TMEM16A) control blood pressure, secretion of saliva, mucin, insulin, and melatonin, gastrointestinal motility, sperm capacitation and motility, and pain sensation.	Chlorides	0-8	insulin	Homo sapiens	133-140
32821878-1	2020	The calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) TMEM16A enables chloride secretion across several transporting epithelia, including in the airways.	Chlorides	22-30	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	46-53
32652816-3	2020	EGFr TKIs (such as afatinib, erlotinib, and osimertinib) reversed the acute inhibitory effect of EGF on chloride secretion induced by carbachol (CCh) across T84 human colonic epithelial cells, which correlated with the diarrhea-inducing effect of each agent clinically.	Chlorides	104-112	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	0-4
32400108-1	2020	Cystic fibrosis (CF), a life-shortening genetic disease, is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that codes for the CFTR protein, the major chloride channel expressed at the apical membrane of epithelial cells.	Chlorides	181-189	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	87-125
32400108-1	2020	Cystic fibrosis (CF), a life-shortening genetic disease, is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that codes for the CFTR protein, the major chloride channel expressed at the apical membrane of epithelial cells.	Chlorides	181-189	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	127-131
32400108-1	2020	Cystic fibrosis (CF), a life-shortening genetic disease, is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that codes for the CFTR protein, the major chloride channel expressed at the apical membrane of epithelial cells.	Chlorides	181-189	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	157-161
31965551-10	2020	Furthermore, the NRG1-III/ErbB4 axis appears to regulate MN excitability by modulating the chloride transporter KCC2 and reduces the expression of the MN vulnerability marker MMP-9.	Chlorides	91-99	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Mus musculus	26-31
31965551-10	2020	Furthermore, the NRG1-III/ErbB4 axis appears to regulate MN excitability by modulating the chloride transporter KCC2 and reduces the expression of the MN vulnerability marker MMP-9.	Chlorides	91-99	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	112-116
32652816-3	2020	EGFr TKIs (such as afatinib, erlotinib, and osimertinib) reversed the acute inhibitory effect of EGF on chloride secretion induced by carbachol (CCh) across T84 human colonic epithelial cells, which correlated with the diarrhea-inducing effect of each agent clinically.	Chlorides	104-112	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	0-3
32652816-8	2020	The ability of EGFr TKIs to reverse the effects of EGF on calcium-dependent chloride secretion could contribute to the diarrheal side effects of these agents, and their disruption of epithelial barrier dysfunction is likely also pathophysiologically significant.	Chlorides	76-84	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	15-19
32652816-8	2020	The ability of EGFr TKIs to reverse the effects of EGF on calcium-dependent chloride secretion could contribute to the diarrheal side effects of these agents, and their disruption of epithelial barrier dysfunction is likely also pathophysiologically significant.	Chlorides	76-84	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	15-18
32427585-2	2020	GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition is dependent upon electroneutral cation-chloride transporter KCC2 which mediates neuronal chloride extrusion and its age-dependent increase, postnatally shifts GABAergic signaling from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing.	Chlorides	75-83	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	96-100
32154747-2	2020	A novel class of medications, known as CFTR modulators, specifically target the abnormal protein.Areas covered: Ivacaftor increases the open probability of CFTR located on the cell surface, leading to enhanced chloride transport, and has been shown to improve lung function, weight, and quality of life.	Chlorides	210-218	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	39-43
32558451-4	2020	<< Modulators >> are divided into << potentiators >>, which improve the transport of chloride by the CFTR protein, and << correctors >>, increasing the amount of CFTR proteins.	Chlorides	85-93	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	101-105
32558451-4	2020	<< Modulators >> are divided into << potentiators >>, which improve the transport of chloride by the CFTR protein, and << correctors >>, increasing the amount of CFTR proteins.	Chlorides	85-93	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	162-166
32250883-8	2020	Furthermore, free chlorine at the concentration of 1 mg L-1 was generated through chloride ion oxidation in the anode, which can be effective for disinfection.	Chlorides	82-90	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	56-59
32541514-11	2020	The main result was the Change in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator function as measured by sweat chloride analysis or treatment effect.	Chlorides	116-124	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	34-85
32582852-5	2020	These regional and age-specific differences are the result of a change in chloride reversal potential, because direct activation of light-gated anion channels in glutamatergic neurons drives CA1 firing at P3, but silences it at P7 in CA1, and at all ages in visual cortex.	Chlorides	74-82	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	191-194
32582852-5	2020	These regional and age-specific differences are the result of a change in chloride reversal potential, because direct activation of light-gated anion channels in glutamatergic neurons drives CA1 firing at P3, but silences it at P7 in CA1, and at all ages in visual cortex.	Chlorides	74-82	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	234-237
32359429-4	2020	Analysis of the naked mole-rat genome revealed, uniquely among mammals, a histidine point variation in the neuronal potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2).	Chlorides	126-134	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	152-156
32293934-6	2020	Conversely, the diarrheal side-effects of cancer treatment with EGFr-TKI may be related to the known ability of EGFr-associated signaling to reduce calcium-dependent chloride secretion.	Chlorides	166-174	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	64-68
32293934-6	2020	Conversely, the diarrheal side-effects of cancer treatment with EGFr-TKI may be related to the known ability of EGFr-associated signaling to reduce calcium-dependent chloride secretion.	Chlorides	166-174	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	112-116
32119864-8	2020	When SLC26A7 protein was co-expressed with kAE1 WT or the R901X dRTA mutant, the cellular chloride/bicarbonate exchange rate was not additive compared to when proteins are expressed individually, possibly reflecting a decreased overall protein expression.	Chlorides	90-98	SLC26A7	Canis lupus familiaris	5-12
32119864-10	2020	Together, these results show that (i) in MDCK cells, SLC26A7 is a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger whose abundance is up-regulated by high osmolarity growth medium and (ii) acidic extracellular pH decreases the abundance of SLC26A7 protein.	Chlorides	66-74	SLC26A7	Canis lupus familiaris	53-60
32119864-10	2020	Together, these results show that (i) in MDCK cells, SLC26A7 is a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger whose abundance is up-regulated by high osmolarity growth medium and (ii) acidic extracellular pH decreases the abundance of SLC26A7 protein.	Chlorides	66-74	SLC26A7	Canis lupus familiaris	222-229
32354853-4	2020	The novel GLRA1 mutation, P366L, located in the TM3-4 loop showed normal surface expression but reduced chloride currents, and accelerated whole-cell desensitization observed in whole-cell recordings.	Chlorides	104-112	glycine receptor alpha 1	Homo sapiens	10-15
32353225-6	2020	Almost 2,000 lakes are predicted to have chloride concentrations above 50 mg L-1 and should be monitored.	Chlorides	41-49	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	77-80
32119864-0	2020	SLC26A7 protein is a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger and its abundance is osmolarity- and pH-dependent in renal epithelial cells.	Chlorides	21-29	SLC26A7	Canis lupus familiaris	0-7
32119864-5	2020	Here, we aimed to (i) confirm that SLC26A7 can function as chloride/bicarbonate exchanger in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, and (ii) examine the behavior of SLC26A7 relative to kAE1 wild type or carrying the dRTA mutation R901X in iso- or hyper-osmotic conditions mimicking the renal medulla.	Chlorides	59-67	SLC26A7	Canis lupus familiaris	35-42
32154747-2	2020	A novel class of medications, known as CFTR modulators, specifically target the abnormal protein.Areas covered: Ivacaftor increases the open probability of CFTR located on the cell surface, leading to enhanced chloride transport, and has been shown to improve lung function, weight, and quality of life.	Chlorides	210-218	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	156-160
32508671-4	2020	Activation of MPO can catalyze the reaction of chloride and H2O2 to produce HOCl.	Chlorides	47-55	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	14-17
32528483-1	2020	Chloride (Cl-) has traditionally been considered harmful to agriculture because of its toxic effects in saline soils and its antagonistic interaction with nitrate (NO3 -), which impairs NO3 - nutrition.	Chlorides	0-8	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	164-167
32528483-1	2020	Chloride (Cl-) has traditionally been considered harmful to agriculture because of its toxic effects in saline soils and its antagonistic interaction with nitrate (NO3 -), which impairs NO3 - nutrition.	Chlorides	0-8	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	186-189
32361506-5	2020	Here, we show that early deletion of Ntrk2/Trkb from immature mouse hippocampal dentate granule cells (DGCs) affects the integration and maturation of newly formed DGCs in the hippocampal circuitry and drives a premature shift from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing GABAergic actions in the target of DGCs, the CA3 principal cells of the hippocampus, by reducing the expression of the cation-chloride importer Nkcc1.	Chlorides	390-398	neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2	Mus musculus	37-42
32361506-5	2020	Here, we show that early deletion of Ntrk2/Trkb from immature mouse hippocampal dentate granule cells (DGCs) affects the integration and maturation of newly formed DGCs in the hippocampal circuitry and drives a premature shift from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing GABAergic actions in the target of DGCs, the CA3 principal cells of the hippocampus, by reducing the expression of the cation-chloride importer Nkcc1.	Chlorides	390-398	neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2	Mus musculus	43-47
32236862-1	2020	Aminopeptidase B (APB, EC 3.4.11.6) preferentially hydrolyzes basic amino acids of synthetic substrates and requires a physiological concentration of chloride anions for optimal activity.	Chlorides	150-158	arginyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	0-16
32236862-1	2020	Aminopeptidase B (APB, EC 3.4.11.6) preferentially hydrolyzes basic amino acids of synthetic substrates and requires a physiological concentration of chloride anions for optimal activity.	Chlorides	150-158	arginyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	18-21
30871970-0	2020	KCC2 membrane diffusion tunes neuronal chloride homeostasis.	Chlorides	39-47	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	0-4
30871970-1	2020	Neuronal Cl- homeostasis is regulated by the activity of two cation chloride co-transporters (CCCs), the K+-Cl- cotransporter KCC2 and the Na+-K+-Cl- cotransporter NKCC1, which are primarily extruding and importing chloride in neurons, respectively.	Chlorides	68-76	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	126-130
30871970-1	2020	Neuronal Cl- homeostasis is regulated by the activity of two cation chloride co-transporters (CCCs), the K+-Cl- cotransporter KCC2 and the Na+-K+-Cl- cotransporter NKCC1, which are primarily extruding and importing chloride in neurons, respectively.	Chlorides	68-76	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	164-169
32466489-1	2020	Voltage-gated ClC-2 channels are essential for chloride homeostasis.	Chlorides	47-55	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	14-19
32439795-5	2020	We report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of rat VGLUT2 at 3.8-angstrom resolution and propose structure-based mechanisms for substrate recognition and allosteric activation by low pH and chloride.	Chlorides	195-203	solute carrier family 17 member 6	Rattus norvegicus	56-62
32118314-0	2020	Uncoupling endosomal CLC chloride/proton exchange causes severe neurodegeneration.	Chlorides	25-33	Charcot-Leyden crystal protein	Mus musculus	21-24
32414100-2	2020	The approval extension of ivacaftor, the first CFTR modulator drug approved, to include D1152H was based on a positive drug response of defective CFTR-D1152H chloride channel function when expressed in FRT cells.	Chlorides	158-166	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	146-150
32414100-3	2020	Functional analyses of primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNE) from an individual homozygous for D1152H now revealed that while CFTR-D1152H demonstrated normal, wild-type level chloride conductance, its bicarbonate-selective conductance was impaired.	Chlorides	180-188	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	131-135
32414100-6	2020	Thus, we confirm previous observation in patient-derived tissue that 10% normal CFTR transcripts confer normal, wild-type level chloride channel activity.	Chlorides	128-136	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	80-84
32407401-1	2020	Myotonia congenita and hypokalemic periodic paralysis type 2 are both rare genetic channelopathies caused by mutations in the CLCN1 gene encoding voltage-gated chloride channel CLC-1 and the SCN4A gene encoding voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.4.	Chlorides	160-168	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	126-131
32270512-3	2020	ClC-3 cooperates with the closely related ClC-4 in protecting endolysosomal chloride balance and neuronal integrity.	Chlorides	76-84	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 3	Mus musculus	0-5
32270512-3	2020	ClC-3 cooperates with the closely related ClC-4 in protecting endolysosomal chloride balance and neuronal integrity.	Chlorides	76-84	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 4	Mus musculus	42-47
32370310-4	2020	Under the standard curing condition, the influence of calcined ant nest clay powder (CANCP) on the durability of concrete is evaluated by chloride penetration resistance, carbonization resistance and freeze-thaw resistance, and the influence of the powder content is investigated.	Chlorides	138-146	solute carrier family 25 member 6	Homo sapiens	63-66
32012273-7	2020	ABSTRACT: Transmembrane chloride gradients govern the efficacy and polarity of GABA signalling in neurons and are usually maintained by the activity of cation chloride cotransporters, such as KCC2 and NKCC1.	Chlorides	24-32	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	192-196
32401422-2	2020	This chloride-chloride ion-pair cluster consists of a [Cl2 (H2 O)2 ]2- square with opposite edges bridged by water molecules to give a chair-like structure of the non-hydrogen atoms.	Chlorides	5-13	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	55-58
32401422-2	2020	This chloride-chloride ion-pair cluster consists of a [Cl2 (H2 O)2 ]2- square with opposite edges bridged by water molecules to give a chair-like structure of the non-hydrogen atoms.	Chlorides	14-22	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	55-58
32012273-7	2020	ABSTRACT: Transmembrane chloride gradients govern the efficacy and polarity of GABA signalling in neurons and are usually maintained by the activity of cation chloride cotransporters, such as KCC2 and NKCC1.	Chlorides	24-32	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	201-206
32012273-0	2020	Cation-chloride cotransporters and the polarity of GABA signalling in mouse hippocampal parvalbumin interneurons.	Chlorides	7-15	parvalbumin	Mus musculus	88-99
32012273-7	2020	ABSTRACT: Transmembrane chloride gradients govern the efficacy and polarity of GABA signalling in neurons and are usually maintained by the activity of cation chloride cotransporters, such as KCC2 and NKCC1.	Chlorides	159-167	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	192-196
32012273-1	2020	KEY POINTS: Cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) play a critical role in controlling the efficacy and polarity of GABAA receptor (GABAAR)-mediated transmission in the brain, yet their expression and function in GABAergic interneurons has been overlooked.	Chlorides	19-27	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 2	Mus musculus	115-129
32012273-7	2020	ABSTRACT: Transmembrane chloride gradients govern the efficacy and polarity of GABA signalling in neurons and are usually maintained by the activity of cation chloride cotransporters, such as KCC2 and NKCC1.	Chlorides	159-167	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	201-206
32012273-1	2020	KEY POINTS: Cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) play a critical role in controlling the efficacy and polarity of GABAA receptor (GABAAR)-mediated transmission in the brain, yet their expression and function in GABAergic interneurons has been overlooked.	Chlorides	19-27	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 2	Mus musculus	131-137
32012273-11	2020	Focal GABA uncaging in whole-cell recordings reveal that KCC2 and NKCC1 are functional in both PV INs and PCs but differentially contribute to transmembrane chloride gradients in their soma and dendrites.	Chlorides	157-165	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	57-61
32012273-11	2020	Focal GABA uncaging in whole-cell recordings reveal that KCC2 and NKCC1 are functional in both PV INs and PCs but differentially contribute to transmembrane chloride gradients in their soma and dendrites.	Chlorides	157-165	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	66-71
32130744-5	2020	Interlocked analogues were also prepared, and preliminary luminescent chloride anion spectrometric titrations with 12 Ru (PF 6 ) 2 demonstrate a marked increase in halide binding affinity due to the complementary chloride binding pocket of the [2]rotaxane.	Chlorides	70-78	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	122-126
31793629-6	2020	Toxin A reduced chloride anion exchanger SLC26A3 expression in mouse colonic explants and human colonic epithelial cells.	Chlorides	16-24	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	41-48
32185407-2	2020	Enhanced proliferation and transepithelial chloride secretion through cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and Ca2+-activated TMEM16A Cl- channels is thought to cause an increase in cyst volume.	Chlorides	43-51	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	70-121
32185407-2	2020	Enhanced proliferation and transepithelial chloride secretion through cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and Ca2+-activated TMEM16A Cl- channels is thought to cause an increase in cyst volume.	Chlorides	43-51	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	123-127
32185407-2	2020	Enhanced proliferation and transepithelial chloride secretion through cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and Ca2+-activated TMEM16A Cl- channels is thought to cause an increase in cyst volume.	Chlorides	43-51	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	148-155
32073640-4	2020	However, the potential of Nrf2 in the regulation of TCE-/DCAC-mediated autoimmunity is not known.	Chlorides	57-61	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	26-30
32073640-5	2020	This study thus focused on establishing the role of Nrf2 and consequent inflammatory responses in TCE-/DCAC-mediated autoimmunity.	Chlorides	103-107	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	52-56
32073640-7	2020	In both KCs and T cells, DCAC treatment significantly downregulated Nrf2 and HO-1 expression along with induction of Keap-1, NF-kappaB (p65), TNF-alpha and iNOS, whereas pre-treatment of these cells with tBHQ attenuated these responses.	Chlorides	25-29	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	68-72
32073640-7	2020	In both KCs and T cells, DCAC treatment significantly downregulated Nrf2 and HO-1 expression along with induction of Keap-1, NF-kappaB (p65), TNF-alpha and iNOS, whereas pre-treatment of these cells with tBHQ attenuated these responses.	Chlorides	25-29	kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1	Mus musculus	117-123
32073640-7	2020	In both KCs and T cells, DCAC treatment significantly downregulated Nrf2 and HO-1 expression along with induction of Keap-1, NF-kappaB (p65), TNF-alpha and iNOS, whereas pre-treatment of these cells with tBHQ attenuated these responses.	Chlorides	25-29	v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian)	Mus musculus	136-139
32073640-7	2020	In both KCs and T cells, DCAC treatment significantly downregulated Nrf2 and HO-1 expression along with induction of Keap-1, NF-kappaB (p65), TNF-alpha and iNOS, whereas pre-treatment of these cells with tBHQ attenuated these responses.	Chlorides	25-29	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	142-151
32073640-7	2020	In both KCs and T cells, DCAC treatment significantly downregulated Nrf2 and HO-1 expression along with induction of Keap-1, NF-kappaB (p65), TNF-alpha and iNOS, whereas pre-treatment of these cells with tBHQ attenuated these responses.	Chlorides	25-29	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	156-160
32073640-11	2020	Our results show that TCE/DCAC mediates an impairment in Nrf2 regulation.	Chlorides	26-30	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	57-61
32130744-5	2020	Interlocked analogues were also prepared, and preliminary luminescent chloride anion spectrometric titrations with 12 Ru (PF 6 ) 2 demonstrate a marked increase in halide binding affinity due to the complementary chloride binding pocket of the [2]rotaxane.	Chlorides	213-221	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	122-126
32064760-1	2020	KCC2, encoded in humans by the SLC12A5 gene, is a multifunctional neuron-specific protein initially identified as the chloride (Cl- ) extruder critical for hyperpolarizing GABAA receptor currents.	Chlorides	118-126	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	0-4
32045595-2	2020	This difference in GABAergic action depends on the intracellular chloride ion concentration ([Cl-]i), primarily regulated by potassium chloride co-transporter 2 (KCC2).	Chlorides	65-73	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	162-166
32322187-2	2020	Sensory neurons maintain high intracellular chloride concentrations through balanced activity of Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and K+-Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2).	Chlorides	44-52	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	97-124
32322187-2	2020	Sensory neurons maintain high intracellular chloride concentrations through balanced activity of Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and K+-Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2).	Chlorides	44-52	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	126-131
32322187-2	2020	Sensory neurons maintain high intracellular chloride concentrations through balanced activity of Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and K+-Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2).	Chlorides	44-52	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	137-159
32322187-2	2020	Sensory neurons maintain high intracellular chloride concentrations through balanced activity of Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and K+-Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2).	Chlorides	44-52	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	161-165
32373648-5	2020	CFTR encodes a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent, phosphorylation-regulated chloride channel required for transport of chloride and other ions through cell membranes.	Chlorides	90-98	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
32064760-1	2020	KCC2, encoded in humans by the SLC12A5 gene, is a multifunctional neuron-specific protein initially identified as the chloride (Cl- ) extruder critical for hyperpolarizing GABAA receptor currents.	Chlorides	118-126	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	31-38
32034107-2	2020	The chloride-bicarbonate exchanger pendrin in beta-intercalated cells, along with sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) in distal convoluted tubules, complementarily regulate sodium chloride handling, which is controlled by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.	Chlorides	4-12	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	35-42
32105735-4	2020	We identify a novel rescue mechanism involving Portein Kinase A (PKA)-mediated facilitation of chloride channel-7 (ClC-7) delivery to lysosomes which reverses markedly lowered chloride (Cl-) content in PSEN1 KO lysosomes.	Chlorides	95-103	chloride voltage-gated channel 7	Homo sapiens	115-120
32105735-4	2020	We identify a novel rescue mechanism involving Portein Kinase A (PKA)-mediated facilitation of chloride channel-7 (ClC-7) delivery to lysosomes which reverses markedly lowered chloride (Cl-) content in PSEN1 KO lysosomes.	Chlorides	95-103	presenilin 1	Homo sapiens	202-207
32019767-1	2020	ClC-5, the electrogenic chloride/proton exchanger strongly expressed in renal proximal tubules, belongs to the endocytic macromolecular complex responsible for albumin and low-molecular-weight protein uptake.	Chlorides	24-32	chloride voltage-gated channel 5	Homo sapiens	0-5
32134645-1	2020	Reaction of [Ru(PPh3)3HCl] with LiCH2TMS, MgMe2, and ZnMe2 proceeds with chloride abstraction and alkane elimination to form the bis-cyclometalated derivatives [Ru(PPh3)(C6H4PPh2)2H][M"] where [M"] = [Li(THF)2]+ (1), [MgMe(THF)2]+ (3), and [ZnMe]+ (4), respectively.	Chlorides	73-81	protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	16-20
32134645-1	2020	Reaction of [Ru(PPh3)3HCl] with LiCH2TMS, MgMe2, and ZnMe2 proceeds with chloride abstraction and alkane elimination to form the bis-cyclometalated derivatives [Ru(PPh3)(C6H4PPh2)2H][M"] where [M"] = [Li(THF)2]+ (1), [MgMe(THF)2]+ (3), and [ZnMe]+ (4), respectively.	Chlorides	73-81	protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	164-168
31642070-7	2020	Sedentary rats had significantly reduced expression of the chloride transporter, KCC2, suggesting less effective GABA-mediated inhibition compared to active rats.	Chlorides	59-67	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	81-85
31934802-7	2020	Results: OSPD measurements demonstrated a hyperpolarization of -8.6 +- 3 mV (standard error of the mean, 5 mice) in response to CFTRact-K267 exposure in low chloride solution that was reversed by a CFTR inhibitor.	Chlorides	157-165	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	128-132
32244302-8	2020	These data support the notion that CFTR-dependent chloride efflux in MNCs should be investigated as a sensitive outcome measure of Orkambi  treatment in CF patients.	Chlorides	50-58	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	35-39
32300368-6	2020	The findings of this study revealed that groundwater in the north of the West Bank comply with several drinking water requirements including total hardness, pH, and sodium and chloride content.	Chlorides	176-184	B cell scaffold protein with ankyrin repeats 1	Homo sapiens	78-82
32102779-6	2020	In VTA GABA neurons, nicotine impaired KCC2-mediated chloride extrusion, depolarized the GABAA reversal potential, and shifted the pharmacological effect of diazepam on GABA neurons from inhibition toward excitation.	Chlorides	53-61	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	39-43
32210208-5	2020	The presence of chloride in sea water contributed to increase compressive strength, refine microstructure, and mineralogical characteristics.	Chlorides	16-24	scheggia	Drosophila melanogaster	28-31
32210208-7	2020	However, the higher amount of free chloride ion even after immobilization in sea water-based alkali-activated material, should be considered before application in reinforced structural elements.	Chlorides	35-43	scheggia	Drosophila melanogaster	77-80
31778989-1	2020	In this work, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were decorated into the cavities of ZIF-8 to fabricate a novel Ag NPs/ZIF-8 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for electrochemical sensing of chloride ion.	Chlorides	190-198	aminomethyltransferase	Homo sapiens	154-157
31778989-2	2020	Benefiting from the synergistic properties of ZIF-8 and Ag NPs, the Ag NPs/ZIF-8/GCE showed favorable performance towards chloride ion.	Chlorides	122-130	aminomethyltransferase	Homo sapiens	75-84
32256370-9	2020	Interestingly, increasing ClC-K/barttin ratio augmented G167V and A242E mutants" chloride current amplitudes towards wild type levels.	Chlorides	81-89	barttin CLCNK type accessory subunit beta	Homo sapiens	32-39
31578924-0	2020	Rehabilitation decreases spasticity by restoring chloride homeostasis through the BDNF-KCC2 pathway after SCI.	Chlorides	49-57	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	82-86
31578924-0	2020	Rehabilitation decreases spasticity by restoring chloride homeostasis through the BDNF-KCC2 pathway after SCI.	Chlorides	49-57	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	87-91
32231454-0	2020	SLC26A3 mutation in Turkish neonate and her sibling with congenital chloride diarrhea.	Chlorides	68-76	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-7
32231454-2	2020	Mutations in the SLC26A3 gene cause congenital chloride diarrhea.	Chlorides	47-55	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	17-24
32054691-5	2020	RESULTS: Ablation of the intercalated cell mineralocorticoid receptor in CCDs from aldosterone-treated mice reduced chloride absorption and epithelial sodium channel activity, despite principal cell mineralocorticoid receptor expression in the knockout mice.	Chlorides	116-124	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 2	Mus musculus	43-69
31913700-8	2020	Drosophila kinin decreased transepithelial potential and increased chloride permeability, and stimulated fluid secretion in both control and adult mesh knockdown tubules, but had no effect on 4 kDa dextran flux.	Chlorides	67-75	Leucokinin	Drosophila melanogaster	11-16
31760292-6	2020	The COD removal efficiency of polluted river sediment can achieve to 40.1% when the current density was 50 mA cm-2 with the chloride ion of 3000 mg L-1 and the initial pH of 8.5.	Chlorides	124-132	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	148-151
31893350-0	2020	Electrostatic Tuning of Anion Attraction from the Cytoplasm to the Pore of the CFTR Chloride Channel.	Chlorides	84-92	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	79-83
32054691-8	2020	CONCLUSIONS: With high circulating aldosterone, intercalated cell mineralocorticoid receptor ablation reduces chloride absorption in the CCD and indirectly reduces principal cell epithelial sodium channel abundance and function.	Chlorides	110-118	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 2	Mus musculus	66-92
31868639-5	2020	This is due to the presence of organic and inorganic matter (bicarbonates, nitrates, and chlorides) in surface and tap water, that react with the radicals generated, which reduces the availability of radical species, generating competitive kinetics.	Chlorides	89-98	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	115-118
32020293-2	2020	The complexes with two chloride ligands (C2 and C3) were more reactive toward proteins than those with only one (C1 and C4), and the complex with S,N-chelating ligand (C4) was less reactive than one with O,N-chelating ligand (C1).	Chlorides	23-31	complement C2	Homo sapiens	41-50
31662238-1	2020	Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease that originates from mutations in the epithelial chloride channel CFTR.	Chlorides	89-97	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	106-110
31662238-2	2020	Whereas established therapies for the treatment of cystic fibrosis target CFTR to repair its function, alternative therapeutic strategies aim for the restoration of chloride transport by the activation of other chloride transport proteins such as TMEM16A or SLC26A9 or by the application of synthetic anionophores.	Chlorides	211-219	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	247-254
32110998-1	2020	TMEM16A/anoctamin1 (ANO1), a calcium (Ca2+)-activated chloride (Cl-) channel, has many functions in various excitable cells and modulates excitability in both Ca2+- and voltage-gating modes.	Chlorides	54-62	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	0-18
32072405-3	2020	Data from TCGA database and qRT-PCR estimated the expression of miR-501-5p and Calcium activated Chloride Channel A4 (CLCA4).	Chlorides	97-105	chloride channel accessory 4	Homo sapiens	118-123
32078115-8	2020	Caffeine decreased the levels of the chloride co-transporter KCC2 and delayed the developmental shift on GABAA receptor response from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing.	Chlorides	37-45	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	61-65
32110998-1	2020	TMEM16A/anoctamin1 (ANO1), a calcium (Ca2+)-activated chloride (Cl-) channel, has many functions in various excitable cells and modulates excitability in both Ca2+- and voltage-gating modes.	Chlorides	54-62	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	20-24
31983640-2	2020	The size of the lumen is dependent on apical secretion of chloride ions, most notably by the CFTR channel, which has been suggested to establish pressure in the lumen due to water influx.	Chlorides	58-66	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Canis lupus familiaris	93-97
32098269-5	2020	Here, we have explored the potential of small molecules capable of facilitating the transmembrane transport of chloride and bicarbonate in order to replace the defective transport activity elicited by CFTR in CF airway epithelia.	Chlorides	111-119	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	201-205
32081947-2	2020	NKCC1 is an intensively studied member of the CCC family and plays fundamental roles in regulating trans-epithelial ion movement, cell volume, chloride homeostasis and neuronal excitability.	Chlorides	143-151	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
31999126-1	2020	alpha-Bromolactones bearing a substituent in the beta-position undergo a highly trans-diastereoselective arylation with arylzinc chlorides in the presence of 10-20% CoCl2 and 10-20% PPh3 in THF under mild conditions (25  C, 16 h) leading to optically enriched alpha-arylated lactones and protected aldol products (99% ee) in 52-96% yield.	Chlorides	120-138	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	182-186
31983640-8	2020	Increases in CFTR chloride secretion also induced YAP signaling and cellular proliferation.	Chlorides	18-26	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Canis lupus familiaris	13-17
32054836-0	2020	Enhancing neuronal chloride extrusion rescues alpha2/alpha3 GABAA-mediated analgesia in neuropathic pain.	Chlorides	19-27	glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	46-59
32046135-4	2020	We recently demonstrated that prenatal E17.5 lumbar spinal motoneurons (MNs) from SOD1G93A mice exhibit a KCC2-related alteration in chloride homeostasis, i.e., the EGABAAR is more depolarized than in WT littermates.	Chlorides	133-141	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	82-86
32046135-4	2020	We recently demonstrated that prenatal E17.5 lumbar spinal motoneurons (MNs) from SOD1G93A mice exhibit a KCC2-related alteration in chloride homeostasis, i.e., the EGABAAR is more depolarized than in WT littermates.	Chlorides	133-141	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	106-110
32046135-8	2020	Therefore, the deregulation of the interplay between 5-HT and KCC2 may explain the alteration in chloride homeostasis detected in prenatal SOD1G93A MNs.	Chlorides	97-105	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	62-66
32046135-8	2020	Therefore, the deregulation of the interplay between 5-HT and KCC2 may explain the alteration in chloride homeostasis detected in prenatal SOD1G93A MNs.	Chlorides	97-105	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	139-143
31910261-3	2020	Here, we report that local abundance of the chloride importer NKCC1 and timely emergence of GABAergic inhibition are modulated by proteasome distribution, which is mediated through interactions of proteasomes with the adaptor Ecm29 and the axon initial segment (AIS) scaffold protein ankyrin G. Mechanistically, both the Ecm29 N-terminal domain and an intact AIS structure are required for transport and tethering of proteasomes in the AIS region.	Chlorides	44-52	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	62-67
31766848-7	2020	Our results indicate that the clean air actions implemented in 2017 were highly effective in reducing ambient concentrations of SO2, CO, and PM1 organics, sulfate, ammonium and chloride but control of nitrate and PM1 organics remains a major challenge.	Chlorides	177-185	transmembrane protein 11	Homo sapiens	141-144
31930378-1	2020	The GABA response switch from excitatory to inhibitory is a key event in neuronal maturation that depends on the regulated expression of chloride transporters NKCC1 and KCC2.	Chlorides	137-145	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	159-164
31930378-1	2020	The GABA response switch from excitatory to inhibitory is a key event in neuronal maturation that depends on the regulated expression of chloride transporters NKCC1 and KCC2.	Chlorides	137-145	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	169-173
32117984-0	2020	TGF-beta1 Augments the Apical Membrane Abundance of Lemur Tyrosine Kinase 2 to Inhibit CFTR-Mediated Chloride Transport in Human Bronchial Epithelia.	Chlorides	101-109	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-9
32117984-0	2020	TGF-beta1 Augments the Apical Membrane Abundance of Lemur Tyrosine Kinase 2 to Inhibit CFTR-Mediated Chloride Transport in Human Bronchial Epithelia.	Chlorides	101-109	lemur tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	52-75
32117984-0	2020	TGF-beta1 Augments the Apical Membrane Abundance of Lemur Tyrosine Kinase 2 to Inhibit CFTR-Mediated Chloride Transport in Human Bronchial Epithelia.	Chlorides	101-109	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	87-91
31910261-3	2020	Here, we report that local abundance of the chloride importer NKCC1 and timely emergence of GABAergic inhibition are modulated by proteasome distribution, which is mediated through interactions of proteasomes with the adaptor Ecm29 and the axon initial segment (AIS) scaffold protein ankyrin G. Mechanistically, both the Ecm29 N-terminal domain and an intact AIS structure are required for transport and tethering of proteasomes in the AIS region.	Chlorides	44-52	Ecm29 proteasome adaptor and scaffold	Mus musculus	226-231
31910261-3	2020	Here, we report that local abundance of the chloride importer NKCC1 and timely emergence of GABAergic inhibition are modulated by proteasome distribution, which is mediated through interactions of proteasomes with the adaptor Ecm29 and the axon initial segment (AIS) scaffold protein ankyrin G. Mechanistically, both the Ecm29 N-terminal domain and an intact AIS structure are required for transport and tethering of proteasomes in the AIS region.	Chlorides	44-52	Ecm29 proteasome adaptor and scaffold	Mus musculus	321-326
31886722-2	2020	Our results have revealed a complex set of mechanisms consisting in 1) well-known PiT1/PiT2-mediated sodium-dependent Pi transport; 2) Slc20-unrelated sodium-dependent Pi transport that is sensitive to the stilbene derivatives 4,4"-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulphonic acid (DIDS) and (4-acetamido-4-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2-disulfonate) (SITS); 3) a sodium-independent Pi uptake system that is competitively inhibited by sulfate, bicarbonate, and arsenate and is weakly inhibited by DIDS, SITS, and phosphonoformate; and 4) an exit pathway from the cell that is partially chloride-dependent and unrelated to the known anion-exchangers expressed in VSMC.	Chlorides	578-586	POU class 1 homeobox 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-86
31747317-0	2020	The cryo-EM structures of DrNKCC1 and hKCC1: a new milestone in the physiology of cation-chloride cotransporters.	Chlorides	89-97	solute carrier family 12 member 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
31747317-1	2020	New milestones have been crossed in the field of cation-chloride cotransporters with the recently released cryo-electron microscopy structures of the Danio rerio (zebrafish) NKCC1 and human KCC1 cotransporters.	Chlorides	56-64	solute carrier family 12 member 4	Homo sapiens	175-179
31886722-2	2020	Our results have revealed a complex set of mechanisms consisting in 1) well-known PiT1/PiT2-mediated sodium-dependent Pi transport; 2) Slc20-unrelated sodium-dependent Pi transport that is sensitive to the stilbene derivatives 4,4"-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulphonic acid (DIDS) and (4-acetamido-4-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2-disulfonate) (SITS); 3) a sodium-independent Pi uptake system that is competitively inhibited by sulfate, bicarbonate, and arsenate and is weakly inhibited by DIDS, SITS, and phosphonoformate; and 4) an exit pathway from the cell that is partially chloride-dependent and unrelated to the known anion-exchangers expressed in VSMC.	Chlorides	578-586	solute carrier family 20 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	87-91
31327045-0	2020	Discovering the chloride pathway in the CFTR channel.	Chlorides	16-24	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	40-44
31327045-8	2020	One of the chloride ions exits includes hydrophobic lipid tails that may explain the lipid-dependency of CFTR function.	Chlorides	11-19	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Danio rerio	105-109
31978131-2	2020	Mutations in CFTR cause impaired chloride ion transport in the epithelial tissues of patients leading to cardiopulmonary decline and pancreatic insufficiency in the most severely affected patients.	Chlorides	33-41	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	13-17
31646445-3	2020	Accumulating investigations imply that chloride efflux-dependent ASC speck oligomerization and potassium efflux-dependent activation of caspase-1 are the two relatively independent, but indispensable events for NLRP3 inflammasome activation.	Chlorides	39-47	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	65-68
31646445-3	2020	Accumulating investigations imply that chloride efflux-dependent ASC speck oligomerization and potassium efflux-dependent activation of caspase-1 are the two relatively independent, but indispensable events for NLRP3 inflammasome activation.	Chlorides	39-47	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	136-145
31646445-3	2020	Accumulating investigations imply that chloride efflux-dependent ASC speck oligomerization and potassium efflux-dependent activation of caspase-1 are the two relatively independent, but indispensable events for NLRP3 inflammasome activation.	Chlorides	39-47	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	211-216
31734731-6	2020	RESULTS: The CFTR-chloride conductance was better in older patients (r = 0.40; P = 0.03), in patients with better pulmonary function (r = 0.48; P = 0.01), and was associated with genotype severity.	Chlorides	18-26	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	13-17
31734731-9	2020	CONCLUSIONS: The anion permeability through CFTR, mainly chloride, but bicarbonate as well, is the most critical factor in CF airway pathophysiology.	Chlorides	57-65	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	44-48
31665830-4	2020	METHODS: CFTR was sequenced in 61 Dominican Republican patients and 21 Puerto Rican patients with CF and greater than 60 mmol/L sweat chloride.	Chlorides	134-142	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	9-13
32109341-1	2020	STK39 encodes a serine threonine kinase, SPAK, which is part of a multi-kinase network that determines renal Na+ reabsorption and blood pressure (BP) through regulation of sodium-chloride co-transporters in the kidney.	Chlorides	179-187	serine/threonine kinase 39	Homo sapiens	0-5
32109341-1	2020	STK39 encodes a serine threonine kinase, SPAK, which is part of a multi-kinase network that determines renal Na+ reabsorption and blood pressure (BP) through regulation of sodium-chloride co-transporters in the kidney.	Chlorides	179-187	serine/threonine kinase 39	Homo sapiens	41-45
31904056-0	2020	Hydride, chloride, and bromide show similar electronic effects in the Au9(PPh3)83+ nanocluster.	Chlorides	9-17	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	74-78
31904056-2	2020	We present electronic absorption spectra of precisely mass-selected Au9(PPh3)83+ clusters featuring a surface hydride, chloride, or bromide.	Chlorides	119-127	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
31963584-2	2020	The potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2, SLC12A5) is a key modulator of inhibitory GABAergic inputs in healthy adult neurons, as its chloride (Cl-) extruding activity underlies the hyperpolarizing reversal potential for GABAA receptor Cl- currents (EGABA).	Chlorides	14-22	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	40-44
31963584-2	2020	The potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2, SLC12A5) is a key modulator of inhibitory GABAergic inputs in healthy adult neurons, as its chloride (Cl-) extruding activity underlies the hyperpolarizing reversal potential for GABAA receptor Cl- currents (EGABA).	Chlorides	14-22	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	46-53
31963584-2	2020	The potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2, SLC12A5) is a key modulator of inhibitory GABAergic inputs in healthy adult neurons, as its chloride (Cl-) extruding activity underlies the hyperpolarizing reversal potential for GABAA receptor Cl- currents (EGABA).	Chlorides	14-22	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	225-230
31663141-7	2020	Inclusion of chloride ion would further stabilize the ptC of CAl2 SiAl+ and CAl2 SiGa+ .	Chlorides	13-21	calbindin 2	Homo sapiens	61-65
32010056-2	2019	The Na-K-2Cl cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1) and the K-Cl cotransporter isoform 2 (KCC2) are two main cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) that have been implicated in human epilepsy.	Chlorides	109-117	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	4-36
32010056-2	2019	The Na-K-2Cl cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1) and the K-Cl cotransporter isoform 2 (KCC2) are two main cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) that have been implicated in human epilepsy.	Chlorides	109-117	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	38-43
32010056-2	2019	The Na-K-2Cl cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1) and the K-Cl cotransporter isoform 2 (KCC2) are two main cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) that have been implicated in human epilepsy.	Chlorides	109-117	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	53-81
32010056-2	2019	The Na-K-2Cl cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1) and the K-Cl cotransporter isoform 2 (KCC2) are two main cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) that have been implicated in human epilepsy.	Chlorides	109-117	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	83-87
31663141-7	2020	Inclusion of chloride ion would further stabilize the ptC of CAl2 SiAl+ and CAl2 SiGa+ .	Chlorides	13-21	calbindin 2	Homo sapiens	76-80
31956343-0	2020	Enhancement of the serum chloride concentration by administration of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor and its mechanisms and clinical significance in type 2 diabetic patients: a pilot study.	Chlorides	25-33	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	69-99
31693917-3	2020	The apoptotic response to activation of the c-Myc/chloride intracellular channel (CLIC4) pathway is directed through a mitochondrial pathway.	Chlorides	50-58	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Rattus norvegicus	44-49
31693917-3	2020	The apoptotic response to activation of the c-Myc/chloride intracellular channel (CLIC4) pathway is directed through a mitochondrial pathway.	Chlorides	50-58	chloride intracellular channel 4	Rattus norvegicus	82-87
31851498-5	2020	The electronic structure of the chloride-functionalized POV-alkoxide cluster was established by infrared, electronic absorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies and revealed formation of a site-differentiated VIII ion upon halogenation.	Chlorides	32-40	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	216-220
31956343-12	2020	Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that SGLT2i enhances the serum chloride concentration in T2DM patients and suggests that the effect is mediated by the possible following mechanisms: (1) enhanced reabsorption of urinary chloride by aldosterone activation due to blood pressure lowering and blood vessel contraction effects, (2) reciprocal increase in the serum chloride concentration by reducing the serum HCO3 - concentration via a buffering effect of strong organic acid metabolites, and (3) reduced NaHCO3 reabsorption and concurrently enhanced chloride reabsorption in the urinary tubules by inhibiting Na+-H+ exchanger 3 in the renal proximal tubules.	Chlorides	231-239	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	49-54
31956343-3	2020	Therefore, this study examined the effects and contributing factors of a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) on the serum chloride concentration in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients without heart failure (HF).	Chlorides	136-144	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	73-103
31956343-12	2020	Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that SGLT2i enhances the serum chloride concentration in T2DM patients and suggests that the effect is mediated by the possible following mechanisms: (1) enhanced reabsorption of urinary chloride by aldosterone activation due to blood pressure lowering and blood vessel contraction effects, (2) reciprocal increase in the serum chloride concentration by reducing the serum HCO3 - concentration via a buffering effect of strong organic acid metabolites, and (3) reduced NaHCO3 reabsorption and concurrently enhanced chloride reabsorption in the urinary tubules by inhibiting Na+-H+ exchanger 3 in the renal proximal tubules.	Chlorides	231-239	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	49-54
31956343-12	2020	Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that SGLT2i enhances the serum chloride concentration in T2DM patients and suggests that the effect is mediated by the possible following mechanisms: (1) enhanced reabsorption of urinary chloride by aldosterone activation due to blood pressure lowering and blood vessel contraction effects, (2) reciprocal increase in the serum chloride concentration by reducing the serum HCO3 - concentration via a buffering effect of strong organic acid metabolites, and (3) reduced NaHCO3 reabsorption and concurrently enhanced chloride reabsorption in the urinary tubules by inhibiting Na+-H+ exchanger 3 in the renal proximal tubules.	Chlorides	75-83	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	49-54
31956343-12	2020	Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that SGLT2i enhances the serum chloride concentration in T2DM patients and suggests that the effect is mediated by the possible following mechanisms: (1) enhanced reabsorption of urinary chloride by aldosterone activation due to blood pressure lowering and blood vessel contraction effects, (2) reciprocal increase in the serum chloride concentration by reducing the serum HCO3 - concentration via a buffering effect of strong organic acid metabolites, and (3) reduced NaHCO3 reabsorption and concurrently enhanced chloride reabsorption in the urinary tubules by inhibiting Na+-H+ exchanger 3 in the renal proximal tubules.	Chlorides	231-239	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	49-54
31956343-13	2020	Thus, the diuretic SGLT2i induces excessive extravascular fluid to drain into the vascular space by the enhanced vascular "tonicity" caused by the elevated serum chloride concentration.	Chlorides	162-170	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	19-24
31936842-3	2020	The most common disease-associated allele, F508del, along with several other mutations affect the folding, transport, and stability of CFTR as it transits from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane, where it functions primarily as a chloride channel.	Chlorides	249-257	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	135-139
32154456-1	2020	Introduction: Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) (SLC4A1 gene product) is a membrane protein expressed in both kidney and red blood cells (RBCs): it exchanges extracellular bicarbonate (HCO3 -) for intracellular chloride (Cl-) and participates in acid-base homeostasis.	Chlorides	201-209	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	14-31
32154456-1	2020	Introduction: Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) (SLC4A1 gene product) is a membrane protein expressed in both kidney and red blood cells (RBCs): it exchanges extracellular bicarbonate (HCO3 -) for intracellular chloride (Cl-) and participates in acid-base homeostasis.	Chlorides	201-209	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	33-36
32154456-1	2020	Introduction: Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) (SLC4A1 gene product) is a membrane protein expressed in both kidney and red blood cells (RBCs): it exchanges extracellular bicarbonate (HCO3 -) for intracellular chloride (Cl-) and participates in acid-base homeostasis.	Chlorides	201-209	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	39-45
32959668-3	2020	The anti-PD1/PD-L1 immunotherapies may have caused a surge of protons or chloride ions for the effective treatment of neoplasm, thus giving rise to the local formation of hydrogen chloride and subsequently cancer hyperprogression in some susceptible individuals.	Chlorides	73-81	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	13-18
31834795-5	2020	(3) E undergoes ligand exchange with chloride to form neutral Pt-arene eta2-complex F. (4) F undergoes ligand substitution with acetonitrile to give the product and the energy barrier is small (10.6 kcal/mol).	Chlorides	37-45	DNA polymerase iota	Homo sapiens	71-75
31935229-7	2020	We found that 20-40 mg L-1 doses of Mg2+, Ca2+ in their chloride or sulphate forms appeared to provide the best consensus in terms of efficiently accelerating sedimentation using environmentally present and acceptable salts but keeping their dosage to a minimum.	Chlorides	56-64	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	23-26
31906971-1	2020	BACKGROUND: Genetic disruption of slc4a10, which encodes the sodium-dependent chloride/bicarbonate exchanger Ncbe, leads to a major decrease in Na+-dependent HCO3- import into choroid plexus epithelial cells in mice and to a marked reduction in brain intraventricular fluid volume.	Chlorides	78-86	solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter-like, member 10	Mus musculus	34-41
31647967-2	2020	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the involvement of calcium activated chloride channel Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) in esophageal proliferation and the histopathologic features of EoE.	Chlorides	63-71	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	80-91
31561038-2	2020	Dynamically regulated ion channel activity and anion selectivity of CFTR by kinases sensitive to intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl-]i) play an important role in epithelial HCO3- secretion.	Chlorides	111-119	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	68-72
31826658-0	2020	KCC2 Much Chloride Might Not Be the Only Problem.	Chlorides	10-18	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	0-4
31647967-2	2020	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the involvement of calcium activated chloride channel Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) in esophageal proliferation and the histopathologic features of EoE.	Chlorides	63-71	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	93-97
31558800-3	2020	We used whole-exome and RNA sequencing in a patient with glioblastoma multiforme to identify a rearrangement between TTYH3, encoding a membrane-resident, calcium-activated chloride channel, and BRAF intron 1, resulting in a TTYH3-BRAF fusion protein that retained all features essential for BRAF autoinhibition.	Chlorides	172-180	tweety family member 3	Homo sapiens	117-122
31557760-4	2020	BDNF diminishes GABAA inhibition in SON AVP neurons by increasing intracellular chloride through tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) activation and downregulation of K+/Cl- co-transporter 2 (KCC2).	Chlorides	80-88	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
31557760-4	2020	BDNF diminishes GABAA inhibition in SON AVP neurons by increasing intracellular chloride through tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) activation and downregulation of K+/Cl- co-transporter 2 (KCC2).	Chlorides	80-88	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
31557760-4	2020	BDNF diminishes GABAA inhibition in SON AVP neurons by increasing intracellular chloride through tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) activation and downregulation of K+/Cl- co-transporter 2 (KCC2).	Chlorides	80-88	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	97-123
31557760-4	2020	BDNF diminishes GABAA inhibition in SON AVP neurons by increasing intracellular chloride through tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) activation and downregulation of K+/Cl- co-transporter 2 (KCC2).	Chlorides	80-88	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	125-129
31558800-3	2020	We used whole-exome and RNA sequencing in a patient with glioblastoma multiforme to identify a rearrangement between TTYH3, encoding a membrane-resident, calcium-activated chloride channel, and BRAF intron 1, resulting in a TTYH3-BRAF fusion protein that retained all features essential for BRAF autoinhibition.	Chlorides	172-180	tweety family member 3	Homo sapiens	224-229
31558800-3	2020	We used whole-exome and RNA sequencing in a patient with glioblastoma multiforme to identify a rearrangement between TTYH3, encoding a membrane-resident, calcium-activated chloride channel, and BRAF intron 1, resulting in a TTYH3-BRAF fusion protein that retained all features essential for BRAF autoinhibition.	Chlorides	172-180	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	230-234
31558800-3	2020	We used whole-exome and RNA sequencing in a patient with glioblastoma multiforme to identify a rearrangement between TTYH3, encoding a membrane-resident, calcium-activated chloride channel, and BRAF intron 1, resulting in a TTYH3-BRAF fusion protein that retained all features essential for BRAF autoinhibition.	Chlorides	172-180	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	230-234
31634547-7	2020	Furthermore, the effect of natural (9cRA) and synthetic RXR ligands, both chloride and isothiocyanate derivatives, on vimentin expression was compared.	Chlorides	74-82	vimentin	Homo sapiens	118-126
31298435-1	2020	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel is an ion channel responsible for chloride transport in epithelia and it belongs to the class of ABC transporters.	Chlorides	105-113	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-55
31298435-1	2020	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel is an ion channel responsible for chloride transport in epithelia and it belongs to the class of ABC transporters.	Chlorides	105-113	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
30790582-1	2019	GAT1 is a member of the neurotransmitter:sodium: symporter family and mediates transport of GABA together with sodium and chloride in an electrogenic process enabling efficient synaptic transmission.	Chlorides	122-130	solute carrier family 6 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
31606555-9	2020	In the presence of 1 M chloride, the urea removal kinetics improved from the generation of reactive chlorine species, and the byproduct selectivity was shifted away from NO3- to presumably chloramines and N2.	Chlorides	23-31	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	170-173
31902154-1	2019	Anoctamin1 (ANO1) also known as TMEM16A is a transmembrane protein that functions as a Ca2+ activated chloride channel.	Chlorides	102-110	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	0-10
31902154-1	2019	Anoctamin1 (ANO1) also known as TMEM16A is a transmembrane protein that functions as a Ca2+ activated chloride channel.	Chlorides	102-110	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	12-16
31902154-1	2019	Anoctamin1 (ANO1) also known as TMEM16A is a transmembrane protein that functions as a Ca2+ activated chloride channel.	Chlorides	102-110	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	32-39
32061340-1	2020	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion channel responsible for the direct transport of bicarbonate and chloride.	Chlorides	139-147	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-55
32061340-1	2020	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion channel responsible for the direct transport of bicarbonate and chloride.	Chlorides	139-147	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
31804464-3	2019	LRRC8/VRAC is permeable to chloride ions but also exhibits significant permeability to various substrates that vary strongly in charge and size.	Chlorides	27-35	leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit A	Homo sapiens	0-5
31847128-1	2019	Anoctamin1 (ANO1), a calcium activated chloride channel, is known to play a critical role in salivary secretion.	Chlorides	39-47	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
31847128-1	2019	Anoctamin1 (ANO1), a calcium activated chloride channel, is known to play a critical role in salivary secretion.	Chlorides	39-47	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	12-16
31815668-1	2019	Up-regulation of the persistent sodium current (INaP) and down-regulation of the potassium/chloride extruder KCC2 lead to spasticity after spinal cord injury (SCI).	Chlorides	91-99	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	109-113
31891094-1	2019	Removal of chloride from Cp*Ir(glycinato)Cl in noncoordinating solvents with Ag[PF6] or Tl[PF6] leads to the formation of a closed octametallic loop of cations.	Chlorides	11-19	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	80-83
31891094-1	2019	Removal of chloride from Cp*Ir(glycinato)Cl in noncoordinating solvents with Ag[PF6] or Tl[PF6] leads to the formation of a closed octametallic loop of cations.	Chlorides	11-19	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	91-94
31804464-9	2019	Interestingly, TGFbeta1 exposure triggered DCPIB-sensitive chloride conductance.	Chlorides	59-67	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	15-23
31631443-4	2019	In addition, by incorporating lead chloride in CsPbI3- x Brx precursor, the perovskite film crystallinity is significantly enhanced and the charge recombination in perovksite is suppressed.	Chlorides	35-43	cysteine rich hydrophobic domain 1	Homo sapiens	57-60
31791063-9	2019	Many solute carriers (SLC) that are potential prodrug targets were present on both cellular surfaces, whereas putative sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 7 (SNAT7) and riboflavin transporter (RFT3) were enriched on the basolateral and sodium- and chloride-dependent neutral and basic amino acid transporter (ATB0+) on the apical membrane.	Chlorides	258-266	solute carrier family 38 member 7	Homo sapiens	168-173
31791063-9	2019	Many solute carriers (SLC) that are potential prodrug targets were present on both cellular surfaces, whereas putative sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 7 (SNAT7) and riboflavin transporter (RFT3) were enriched on the basolateral and sodium- and chloride-dependent neutral and basic amino acid transporter (ATB0+) on the apical membrane.	Chlorides	258-266	solute carrier family 52 member 2	Homo sapiens	203-207
31806759-6	2019	The signaling pathway linking 5-HT2AR activation and normalization of KCC2 function was dependent on protein kinase C signaling and phosphorylation of KCC2 at serine 940 (S940), as mutation of S940 to alanine prevented restoration of chloride transport function by TCB-2.	Chlorides	234-242	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	70-74
31806759-6	2019	The signaling pathway linking 5-HT2AR activation and normalization of KCC2 function was dependent on protein kinase C signaling and phosphorylation of KCC2 at serine 940 (S940), as mutation of S940 to alanine prevented restoration of chloride transport function by TCB-2.	Chlorides	234-242	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	151-155
31483700-6	2019	We and others have previously shown impaired chloride absorption in infectious diarrhea due to dysregulation of SLC26A3 [downregulated in adenoma (DRA)], the human intestinal apical membrane Cl-/HCO3- exchanger protein.	Chlorides	45-53	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	112-119
32734228-2	2020	One possible mechanism for the protective effects of SGLT-2 inhibitor therapy might be the activation of tubuloglomerular feedback by increased outflow of sodium, chloride, and glucose to distal parts of the nephron, including the macula densa.	Chlorides	163-171	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	53-59
31483700-6	2019	We and others have previously shown impaired chloride absorption in infectious diarrhea due to dysregulation of SLC26A3 [downregulated in adenoma (DRA)], the human intestinal apical membrane Cl-/HCO3- exchanger protein.	Chlorides	45-53	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	147-150
31483700-11	2019	Our results suggest that impaired chloride absorption due to downregulation of DRA could be one of the contributing factors to CP-induced acute, self-limiting diarrhea in immunocompetent hosts.	Chlorides	34-42	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	79-82
31792382-6	2019	This "switch" to pro-inflammatory sensing of apoptotic cells resulted from the disruption of the chloride-sensing pathway (and not due to corpse overload or poor degradation), including the chloride-sensing kinases WNK1, OSR1 and SPAK-which function upstream of SLC12A2-had a similar effect on efferocytosis.	Chlorides	190-198	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	215-219
31588796-0	2019	Glucocorticoid receptor activation stimulates the sodium-chloride cotransporter and influences the diurnal rhythm of its phosphorylation.	Chlorides	57-65	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Mus musculus	0-23
30531966-6	2019	This revealed that phagosome-lysosome fusion was essential not only for phagosome acidification, but also for providing the chloride necessary for myeloperoxidase activity.	Chlorides	124-132	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	147-162
31563773-9	2019	This work highlights that the release of Ag-NPs and their conversion into Ag2S prior to addition to soils via realistic exposure pathways can alter microbial diversity and that these effects may be influenced by soil chloride content.	Chlorides	217-225	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	74-78
31622498-0	2019	TRPV4 and purinergic receptor signalling pathways are separately linked in airway epithelia to CFTR and TMEM16A chloride channels.	Chlorides	112-120	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
31622498-0	2019	TRPV4 and purinergic receptor signalling pathways are separately linked in airway epithelia to CFTR and TMEM16A chloride channels.	Chlorides	112-120	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	104-111
31792382-7	2019	Collectively, the WNK1-OSR1-SPAK-SLC12A2/SLC12A4 chloride-sensing pathway and chloride flux in phagocytes are key modifiers of the manner in which phagocytes interpret the engulfed apoptotic corpse.	Chlorides	49-57	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
31792382-7	2019	Collectively, the WNK1-OSR1-SPAK-SLC12A2/SLC12A4 chloride-sensing pathway and chloride flux in phagocytes are key modifiers of the manner in which phagocytes interpret the engulfed apoptotic corpse.	Chlorides	49-57	odd-skipped related transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	23-27
31792382-7	2019	Collectively, the WNK1-OSR1-SPAK-SLC12A2/SLC12A4 chloride-sensing pathway and chloride flux in phagocytes are key modifiers of the manner in which phagocytes interpret the engulfed apoptotic corpse.	Chlorides	49-57	serine/threonine kinase 39	Homo sapiens	28-32
31792382-7	2019	Collectively, the WNK1-OSR1-SPAK-SLC12A2/SLC12A4 chloride-sensing pathway and chloride flux in phagocytes are key modifiers of the manner in which phagocytes interpret the engulfed apoptotic corpse.	Chlorides	49-57	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	33-40
31792382-7	2019	Collectively, the WNK1-OSR1-SPAK-SLC12A2/SLC12A4 chloride-sensing pathway and chloride flux in phagocytes are key modifiers of the manner in which phagocytes interpret the engulfed apoptotic corpse.	Chlorides	49-57	solute carrier family 12 member 4	Homo sapiens	41-48
31776420-4	2019	Increased CFTR chloride conductance by up to 8-fold was observed when a co-potentiator (termed "Class II potentiator") was used with a classical potentiator ("Class I potentiator") such as VX-770 or GLPG1837.	Chlorides	15-23	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	10-14
31871532-0	2019	Calcium-activated chloride channel regulator 1 (CLCA1): More than a regulator of chloride transport and mucus production.	Chlorides	18-26	chloride channel accessory 1	Homo sapiens	48-53
31871532-1	2019	CLCA1 is a member of the CLCA (calcium-activated chloride channel regulator) family and plays an essential role in goblet cell mucus production from the respiratory tract epithelium.	Chlorides	49-57	chloride channel accessory 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
31871532-3	2019	CLCA1 modulates epithelial cell chloride current and participates in the pathogenesis of mucus hypersecretory-associated respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, pneumonia, colon colitis, cystic fibrosis intestinal mucous disease, ulcerative colitis, and gastrointestinal parasitic infection.	Chlorides	32-40	chloride channel accessory 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
31871532-8	2019	Here we summarize available studies related to these different activities of CLCA1 to assist our understanding of how this secreted modifier of calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) affects mucus production and innate immunity during the pathogenesis of respiratory, gastrointestinal, and malignant diseases.	Chlorides	162-170	chloride channel accessory 1	Homo sapiens	77-82
31659725-5	2019	The role of the CFTR protein as an ion channel transporting chloride and bicarbonate and its repercussions on different epithelial cell-lined organs and mucus are now better understood.	Chlorides	60-68	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	16-20
31772215-4	2019	Myotonia is also caused by mutations in the CLCN1gene that result in loss-of-function of the skeletal muscle chloride channel ClC-1.	Chlorides	109-117	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	44-49
31742556-4	2019	Disinhibition is due primarily to chloride dysregulation caused by hypofunction of the potassium-chloride co-transporter KCC2.	Chlorides	34-42	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	121-125
31803025-3	2019	Type 2 K+-Cl- cotransporter (KCC2), encoded by SLC12A5, is important for chloride homeostasis and neuronal excitability.	Chlorides	73-81	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	29-33
31803025-3	2019	Type 2 K+-Cl- cotransporter (KCC2), encoded by SLC12A5, is important for chloride homeostasis and neuronal excitability.	Chlorides	73-81	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	47-54
31685837-0	2019	Prominin-1 Modulates Rho/ROCK-Mediated Membrane Morphology and Calcium-Dependent Intracellular Chloride Flux.	Chlorides	95-103	prominin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
31682603-6	2019	Remarkably, the effects on spindle orientation, but not cytokinesis, were a direct consequence of physical hindrance by giant late endosomes, which were formed in a chloride channel-sensitive manner concomitant with a redistribution of chloride channels from the cell periphery to late endosomes upon loss of MYO5B.	Chlorides	165-173	myosin VB	Homo sapiens	309-314
31732694-0	2019	TMEM16A chloride channel does not drive mucus production.	Chlorides	8-16	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
31685837-7	2019	In mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells we show that Prom1 is required for chloride ion efflux induced by calcium ion uptake, and demonstrate that fibre formation is closely associated with chloride efflux activity.	Chlorides	77-85	prominin 1	Mus musculus	55-60
31685837-8	2019	Collectively, these findings suggest that Prom1 affects cell morphology and contributes to chloride conductance.	Chlorides	91-99	prominin 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
31409727-8	2019	RESULTS: In normal mice, Npt2a inhibition caused a dose-dependent increase in urinary phosphate (ED50 approximately 21 mg/kg), calcium, sodium and chloride excretion.	Chlorides	147-155	solute carrier family 34 (sodium phosphate), member 1	Mus musculus	25-30
31585437-1	2019	Germline mutations in the chloride channel gene CLCN2 have been described as cause of familial hyperaldosteronism type II.	Chlorides	26-34	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	48-53
31680776-2	2019	However, it is a matter of debate whether ANO5 functions as a genuine plasma membrane chloride channel.	Chlorides	86-94	anoctamin 5	Homo sapiens	42-46
31409727-12	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Npt2a inhibition causes a dose-dependent increase in phosphate, sodium and chloride excretion associated with reductions in plasma phosphate and PTH levels in normal mice and in a CKD mouse model.	Chlorides	88-96	solute carrier family 34 (sodium phosphate), member 1	Mus musculus	13-18
31564164-2	2019	The third and most significantly upregulated ZG-gene (19.9-fold compared with zona fasciculata, P=6.58x10-24) was ANO4, a putative Ca2+-activated chloride channel.	Chlorides	146-154	anoctamin 4	Homo sapiens	114-118
31715083-3	2019	A similar pathogenesis cascade is observed in all of these organs: loss of CFTR function leads to altered ion transport, consisting of decreased chloride and bicarbonate secretion via the CFTR channel and increased sodium absorption via epithelial sodium channel upregulation.	Chlorides	145-153	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	75-79
29703945-3	2019	Here we demonstrate that inhibiting the juvenile chloride co-transporter NKCC1, which contributes to altered chloride homeostasis in developing cortical neurons of FXS mice, rectifies the chloride imbalance in layer IV somatosensory cortex neurons and corrects the development of thalamocortical excitatory synapses during the CP.	Chlorides	49-57	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	73-78
29703945-3	2019	Here we demonstrate that inhibiting the juvenile chloride co-transporter NKCC1, which contributes to altered chloride homeostasis in developing cortical neurons of FXS mice, rectifies the chloride imbalance in layer IV somatosensory cortex neurons and corrects the development of thalamocortical excitatory synapses during the CP.	Chlorides	109-117	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	73-78
29703945-5	2019	In addition, the abnormally large size of whisker-evoked cortical maps in adult Fmr1 knockout mice was corrected by rectifying the chloride imbalance during the early CP.	Chlorides	131-139	fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1	Mus musculus	80-84
31715088-3	2019	CFTR primarily functions as a chloride channel that transports ions across the apical membrane of epithelial cells but has other functions, including bicarbonate secretion and inhibition of sodium transport.	Chlorides	30-38	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
31652813-3	2019	However, little is known about the expression and function of TTYH3, a gene encoding a chloride ion channel, in cancer progression.	Chlorides	87-95	tweety family member 3	Homo sapiens	62-67
31649201-4	2019	The structural and functional analyses, along with computational studies, reveal one potassium site and two chloride sites in KCC1, which are all required for the ion transport activity.	Chlorides	108-116	solute carrier family 12 member 4	Homo sapiens	126-130
31753097-0	2019	[Establishment of a congenital chloride diarrhea-associated SLC26A3 c.392C>G (p.P131R) polymorphism-expressing cell model and a preliminary analysis of its mechanism of action].	Chlorides	31-39	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	60-67
31623161-8	2019	We show that normal functioning of ClC-7 supports the acidification process, is associated with increased luminal concentrations of sodium, potassium, and chloride, and leads to a higher Ca2+ uptake and release.	Chlorides	155-163	chloride voltage-gated channel 7	Homo sapiens	35-40
31541001-1	2019	The potassium-chloride cotransporter (KCC2) maintains the low intracellular chloride found in mature central neurons and controls the strength and direction of GABA/glycine synapses.	Chlorides	14-22	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	38-42
31524376-9	2019	The in vitro GSTZ1 inactivation half-lives following incubation with 2 mM DCA in the presence of physiological chloride (Cl-) concentrations (cytosol 44 mM, mitochondria 1-2 mM) exhibited marked differences between subcellular fractions, being 3 times longer in the cytosol than mitochondria, regardless of age, suggesting that the lower Cl- concentration in mitochondria explained the faster degradation of GSTZ1.	Chlorides	111-119	glutathione S-transferase zeta 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-18
31229829-11	2019	Complete dechlorination was readily achieved with all chlorine atoms in DCF released as chloride ions under sulfite/UV ARP, which may lead to a decreased toxicity of the degradation products.	Chlorides	88-96	mesencephalic astrocyte derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	119-122
31615979-2	2019	We now show that almost all known PA-associated CLCN2 mutations markedly increase ClC-2 chloride currents and generate knock-in mice expressing a constitutively open ClC-2 Cl- channel as mouse model for PA.	Chlorides	88-96	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	48-53
31597508-6	2019	Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and coimmunoprecipitation studies showed that ICl,swell likely consists of at least 2 components produced by mechanosensitive ClC-3 (chloride channel-3) and SWELL1 (also known as LRRC8A [leucine rich repeat containing protein 8A]) chloride channels, which form a macromolecular complex with caveolar scaffolding protein Cav3 (caveolin 3).	Chlorides	215-223	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Rattus norvegicus	208-213
31615979-2	2019	We now show that almost all known PA-associated CLCN2 mutations markedly increase ClC-2 chloride currents and generate knock-in mice expressing a constitutively open ClC-2 Cl- channel as mouse model for PA.	Chlorides	88-96	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	82-87
31615979-3	2019	The Clcn2op allele strongly increases the chloride conductance of zona glomerulosa cells, provoking a strong depolarization and increasing cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration.	Chlorides	42-50	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	4-9
31268738-0	2019	Inhibition of CFTR-mediated intestinal chloride secretion as potential therapy for bile acid diarrhea.	Chlorides	39-47	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	14-18
31636470-17	2019	Two other classes of chloride channels that are dysregulated in GI cancers are the chloride intracellular channels (CLIC1, 3 &amp; 4) and the chloride channel accessory proteins (CLCA1,2,4).	Chlorides	21-29	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	116-121
31636470-17	2019	Two other classes of chloride channels that are dysregulated in GI cancers are the chloride intracellular channels (CLIC1, 3 &amp; 4) and the chloride channel accessory proteins (CLCA1,2,4).	Chlorides	21-29	chloride channel accessory 1	Homo sapiens	179-188
31636470-17	2019	Two other classes of chloride channels that are dysregulated in GI cancers are the chloride intracellular channels (CLIC1, 3 &amp; 4) and the chloride channel accessory proteins (CLCA1,2,4).	Chlorides	83-91	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	116-121
31636470-17	2019	Two other classes of chloride channels that are dysregulated in GI cancers are the chloride intracellular channels (CLIC1, 3 &amp; 4) and the chloride channel accessory proteins (CLCA1,2,4).	Chlorides	83-91	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	116-121
31540709-1	2019	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) is responsible for the exchange of bicarbonate and chloride across the erythrocyte plasma membrane.	Chlorides	75-83	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-17
31540709-1	2019	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) is responsible for the exchange of bicarbonate and chloride across the erythrocyte plasma membrane.	Chlorides	75-83	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	19-22
31268738-8	2019	These results implicate CFTR activation in the colon as a major prosecretory mechanism of CDCA, a bile acid implicated in BAD, and support the potential therapeutic efficacy of CFTR inhibition in bile acid-associated diarrheas.-Duan, T., Cil, O., Tse, C. M., Sarker, R., Lin, R., Donowitz, M., Verkman, A. S. Inhibition of CFTR-mediated intestinal chloride secretion as potential therapy for bile acid diarrhea.	Chlorides	348-356	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	24-28
31268738-8	2019	These results implicate CFTR activation in the colon as a major prosecretory mechanism of CDCA, a bile acid implicated in BAD, and support the potential therapeutic efficacy of CFTR inhibition in bile acid-associated diarrheas.-Duan, T., Cil, O., Tse, C. M., Sarker, R., Lin, R., Donowitz, M., Verkman, A. S. Inhibition of CFTR-mediated intestinal chloride secretion as potential therapy for bile acid diarrhea.	Chlorides	348-356	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	177-181
31268738-8	2019	These results implicate CFTR activation in the colon as a major prosecretory mechanism of CDCA, a bile acid implicated in BAD, and support the potential therapeutic efficacy of CFTR inhibition in bile acid-associated diarrheas.-Duan, T., Cil, O., Tse, C. M., Sarker, R., Lin, R., Donowitz, M., Verkman, A. S. Inhibition of CFTR-mediated intestinal chloride secretion as potential therapy for bile acid diarrhea.	Chlorides	348-356	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	177-181
31353322-7	2019	Using this integrative approach, we outline specific proteins involved in chloride transport (e.g. chloride intracellular channel 1, CLIC1) and EMT (e.g. procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3, PLOD3, and serpin peptidase inhibitor clade H member 1, SERPINH1) that showed concordant IDH-status-dependent abundance differences in both primary tissue and purified GSC cultures.	Chlorides	74-82	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	99-131
31570112-6	2019	We used molecular mechanics to calculate two quantitative parameters related to calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC composed of 5 BEST1 subunits) stability and calcium-dependent activation and related them to the potential pathogenicity of individual missense variants detected in the probands.	Chlorides	98-106	chloride channel accessory 1	Homo sapiens	116-120
31570112-6	2019	We used molecular mechanics to calculate two quantitative parameters related to calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC composed of 5 BEST1 subunits) stability and calcium-dependent activation and related them to the potential pathogenicity of individual missense variants detected in the probands.	Chlorides	98-106	bestrophin 1	Homo sapiens	135-140
31353322-7	2019	Using this integrative approach, we outline specific proteins involved in chloride transport (e.g. chloride intracellular channel 1, CLIC1) and EMT (e.g. procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3, PLOD3, and serpin peptidase inhibitor clade H member 1, SERPINH1) that showed concordant IDH-status-dependent abundance differences in both primary tissue and purified GSC cultures.	Chlorides	74-82	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	133-138
31353322-7	2019	Using this integrative approach, we outline specific proteins involved in chloride transport (e.g. chloride intracellular channel 1, CLIC1) and EMT (e.g. procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3, PLOD3, and serpin peptidase inhibitor clade H member 1, SERPINH1) that showed concordant IDH-status-dependent abundance differences in both primary tissue and purified GSC cultures.	Chlorides	74-82	procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	206-211
31353322-7	2019	Using this integrative approach, we outline specific proteins involved in chloride transport (e.g. chloride intracellular channel 1, CLIC1) and EMT (e.g. procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3, PLOD3, and serpin peptidase inhibitor clade H member 1, SERPINH1) that showed concordant IDH-status-dependent abundance differences in both primary tissue and purified GSC cultures.	Chlorides	74-82	serpin family H member 1	Homo sapiens	262-270
31353322-7	2019	Using this integrative approach, we outline specific proteins involved in chloride transport (e.g. chloride intracellular channel 1, CLIC1) and EMT (e.g. procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3, PLOD3, and serpin peptidase inhibitor clade H member 1, SERPINH1) that showed concordant IDH-status-dependent abundance differences in both primary tissue and purified GSC cultures.	Chlorides	74-82	isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1	Homo sapiens	295-298
31373846-1	2019	SLC6A14 (ATB0,+) is a sodium- and chloride-dependent neutral and dibasic amino acid transporter that regulates the distribution of amino acids across cell membranes.	Chlorides	34-42	solute carrier family 1 member 5	Homo sapiens	9-13
31373846-1	2019	SLC6A14 (ATB0,+) is a sodium- and chloride-dependent neutral and dibasic amino acid transporter that regulates the distribution of amino acids across cell membranes.	Chlorides	34-42	solute carrier family 6 member 14	Homo sapiens	0-7
31427400-4	2019	Now, we show that the addition of arginine together with inhibition of intracellular arginase activity increased cytosolic nitric oxide and enhanced the rescue effect of ORKAMBI on F508del-CFTR-mediated chloride conductance at the cell surface of patient-derived bronchial and nasal epithelial cultures.	Chlorides	203-211	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	189-193
31473565-1	2019	CFTR encodes for a chloride ion channel expressed primarily in secretory epithelia in the airways, intestine, liver and other tissues.	Chlorides	19-27	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
31481727-3	2019	We report that CSC transiently activates CFTR chloride secretion in airway epithelia.	Chlorides	46-54	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	41-45
31451815-4	2019	Chloride abstraction of 3 by TlPF6 followed by reaction with [PPh4]2[MnV(N)(CN)4] afforded a diamagnetic red solid that is tentatively formulated as a heterometallic Ce(iv)/Mn(v) complex, [Ce(LOEt)2(H2O){Mn(N)(CN)4}] (5).	Chlorides	0-8	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 3	Homo sapiens	62-66
31308096-0	2019	Early Life Inflammation Increases CA1 Pyramidal Neuron Excitability in a Sex and Age Dependent Manner through a Chloride Homeostasis Disruption.	Chlorides	112-120	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	34-37
31308096-6	2019	Although these changes were not associated with changes in relevant sodium channel expression or differences in capacitance or dendritic architecture, they were linked to a mechanism involving intracellular chloride overload, revealed through a depolarized GABA reversal potential and increased expression of the chloride transporter, NKCC1.	Chlorides	207-215	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	335-340
31532390-1	2019	Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, resulting in defective CFTR-mediated chloride and bicarbonate transport, with dysregulation of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC).	Chlorides	173-181	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	71-122
31532390-1	2019	Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, resulting in defective CFTR-mediated chloride and bicarbonate transport, with dysregulation of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC).	Chlorides	173-181	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	124-128
31532390-1	2019	Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, resulting in defective CFTR-mediated chloride and bicarbonate transport, with dysregulation of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC).	Chlorides	173-181	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	159-163
31389695-1	2019	The chloride/bicarbonate exchanger SLC26A3 (downregulated in adenoma) is expressed mainly in colonic epithelium, where it dehydrates the stool by facilitating the final step of chloride and fluid absorption.	Chlorides	4-12	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	35-42
31389695-1	2019	The chloride/bicarbonate exchanger SLC26A3 (downregulated in adenoma) is expressed mainly in colonic epithelium, where it dehydrates the stool by facilitating the final step of chloride and fluid absorption.	Chlorides	177-185	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	35-42
31141766-4	2019	Further it was found that the sensor is highly selective towards fluoride over other anions including chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, borate, perchlorate and can quantitatively detect fluoride at ppb level with a limit of detection of 0.02 mg/ L or 20 ppb.	Chlorides	102-110	histatin 1	Homo sapiens	200-203
31440853-6	2019	Cox models were constructed to assess the association between chloride parameters, day-28 mortality and AKI.	Chlorides	62-70	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	0-3
31281021-1	2019	Pendrin is a transmembrane chloride/anion antiporter that is strongly upregulated in the airways in rhinoviral infection, asthma, cystic fibrosis and chronic rhinosinusitis.	Chlorides	27-35	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
31122437-6	2019	Under the optimized working conditions, the system exhibited a linear response from 0.05 to 0.8 mg L-1 chloride, with a limit of detection (95%) and coefficient of variation (n = 8) were estimated to be 12 mug L-1 chloride and 2.2%, respectively.	Chlorides	103-111	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	99-102
31122437-6	2019	Under the optimized working conditions, the system exhibited a linear response from 0.05 to 0.8 mg L-1 chloride, with a limit of detection (95%) and coefficient of variation (n = 8) were estimated to be 12 mug L-1 chloride and 2.2%, respectively.	Chlorides	103-111	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	210-213
31122437-6	2019	Under the optimized working conditions, the system exhibited a linear response from 0.05 to 0.8 mg L-1 chloride, with a limit of detection (95%) and coefficient of variation (n = 8) were estimated to be 12 mug L-1 chloride and 2.2%, respectively.	Chlorides	214-222	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	99-102
31122437-6	2019	Under the optimized working conditions, the system exhibited a linear response from 0.05 to 0.8 mg L-1 chloride, with a limit of detection (95%) and coefficient of variation (n = 8) were estimated to be 12 mug L-1 chloride and 2.2%, respectively.	Chlorides	214-222	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	210-213
31122437-8	2019	This working range (0.05-0.8 mg L-1) for the determination of chloride at low concentrations met the limit required by Brazilian legislation (limit of 1.0 mg kg-1).	Chlorides	62-70	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	32-35
31300922-2	2019	The interaction of the organometallic complexes of Ru(eta6-p-cymene) and Rh(eta5-C5Me5) with human serum albumin (HSA) was studied in detail by a combination of various methods such as ultrafiltration, capillary electrophoresis, 1H NMR spectroscopy, fluorometry and UV-visible spectrophotometry in the presence of 100 mM chloride ions.	Chlorides	321-329	albumin	Homo sapiens	99-112
31127295-10	2019	SLC26A7 encodes a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger expressed in the renal outer medullary collecting duct.	Chlorides	18-26	solute carrier family 26 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
31233290-3	2019	Reduction of 6 with 2 equiv of KC8 resulted in formation of the terminal and mononuclear zirconium imide-chloride [C(tBu)CHC(tBu)NCH2 CH2 N(Me)CH2 CH2 NMe2 ]Zr(=NAr)(Cl) (7) as the result of reductive C=N cleavage of the imino fragment in the multidentate ligand tBu L2 by an elusive ZrII species (tBu L2)ZrCl (A).	Chlorides	105-113	NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2	Homo sapiens	151-155
31103890-3	2019	Myeloperoxidase catalyzes the generation of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from the reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chloride (Cl-).	Chlorides	119-127	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
30805940-0	2019	Involvement of the TREK-1 channel in human alveolar cell membrane potential and its regulation by inhibitors of the chloride current.	Chlorides	116-124	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens	19-25
31136029-11	2019	The KCC2 antagonist (VU0240551,10 mumol L-1 ) significantly blocked the chloride influx in cells from Eu rats but did not affect cells from SL rats.	Chlorides	72-80	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
31136029-12	2019	A NKCC1 antagonist (bumetanide,10 mumol L-1 ) significantly blocked the chloride efflux in cells from SL rats but had no effect on cells from Eu rats.	Chlorides	72-80	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	2-7
31136029-14	2019	The TrkB antagonist (AnA-12) (50 mumol L-1 ) and protein kinase inhibitor (K252a) (100 nmol L-1 ) each significantly blocked chloride efflux in SON AVP neurones from SL rats.	Chlorides	125-133	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
31177533-15	2019	Our results indicate that apical kidney chloride reabsorption through clc-k/barttin channels is crucial for chloride homeostasis in zebrafish as it is in humans.	Chlorides	40-48	barttin CLCNK type accessory subunit beta	Danio rerio	76-83
31285285-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Gitelman syndrome is a salt-losing tubulopathy caused by mutations in the SLC12A3 gene, which encodes the thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter.	Chlorides	144-152	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	86-93
31177533-0	2019	Role of zebrafish ClC-K/barttin channels in apical kidney chloride reabsorption.	Chlorides	58-66	barttin CLCNK type accessory subunit beta	Danio rerio	24-31
31177533-15	2019	Our results indicate that apical kidney chloride reabsorption through clc-k/barttin channels is crucial for chloride homeostasis in zebrafish as it is in humans.	Chlorides	108-116	barttin CLCNK type accessory subunit beta	Danio rerio	76-83
31177533-1	2019	KEY POINTS: We have characterized the zebrafish clc-k and barttin proteins, demonstrating that they form a protein complex mediating chloride flux in a similar manner to their mammalian counterparts.	Chlorides	133-141	barttin CLCNK type accessory subunit beta	Danio rerio	58-65
31246023-1	2019	The prototypical SN2 reaction of chloride ion with methyl chloride has been reinvestigated in aqueous solution using QM/MM methodology featuring MO6-2X/6-31+G(d) calculations with the TIP4P water model, and partial charges were computed with the CM5 method.	Chlorides	33-41	solute carrier family 38 member 5	Homo sapiens	17-20
31177533-11	2019	The zebrafish clc-k/barttin proteins are very similar to their mammalian counterparts, and both proteins are necessary to mediate chloride currents.	Chlorides	130-138	barttin CLCNK type accessory subunit beta	Danio rerio	20-27
31315039-0	2019	Chloride Dysregulation through Downregulation of KCC2 Mediates Neuropathic Pain in Both Sexes.	Chlorides	0-8	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	49-53
31315039-5	2019	We find that inhibiting KCC2 in uninjured animals reproduces behavioral and electrophysiological features of neuropathic pain in both sexes and, consistent with equivalent injury-induced downregulation of KCC2, that counteracting chloride dysregulation reverses injury-induced behavioral and electrophysiological changes in both sexes.	Chlorides	230-238	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	24-28
31315039-5	2019	We find that inhibiting KCC2 in uninjured animals reproduces behavioral and electrophysiological features of neuropathic pain in both sexes and, consistent with equivalent injury-induced downregulation of KCC2, that counteracting chloride dysregulation reverses injury-induced behavioral and electrophysiological changes in both sexes.	Chlorides	230-238	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	205-209
31315039-7	2019	Whereas diverse (and sexually dimorphic) mechanisms regulate KCC2, regulation of intracellular chloride relies almost exclusively on KCC2.	Chlorides	95-103	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	133-137
31276320-3	2019	Furthermore, due to the continuous chelating reaction with the oxalate ion, chloride anions from the mixed-halide CsPb(Cl/Br)3 perovskite NCs could be extracted, and green emitting CsPbBr3 NCs with PL QY of 85% at 511 nm emission are obtained.	Chlorides	76-84	granzyme B	Homo sapiens	114-118
31339488-0	2019	Cryo-EM structures and functional characterization of murine Slc26a9 reveal mechanism of uncoupled chloride transport.	Chlorides	99-107	solute carrier family 26, member 9	Mus musculus	61-68
31339488-5	2019	Our data illustrates conformational transitions of Slc26a9, supporting a rapid alternate-access mechanism which mediates uncoupled chloride transport with negligible bicarbonate or sulfate permeability.	Chlorides	131-139	solute carrier family 26, member 9	Mus musculus	51-58
31145900-3	2019	For example, NKCC2 resorbs chloride with sodium and potassium ions at the apical membrane of epithelial cells in the kidney, whereas KCC3 releases chloride with potassium ions at the basolateral membrane.	Chlorides	27-35	solute carrier family 12 member 1	Homo sapiens	13-18
31145900-3	2019	For example, NKCC2 resorbs chloride with sodium and potassium ions at the apical membrane of epithelial cells in the kidney, whereas KCC3 releases chloride with potassium ions at the basolateral membrane.	Chlorides	147-155	solute carrier family 12 member 6	Homo sapiens	133-137
32699619-1	2020	Background: Experimental studies have shown fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)-mediated upregulation of the distal tubule sodium/chloride (Na+Cl-) co-transporter leading to increased Na reabsorption, volume expansion and hypertension.	Chlorides	130-138	fibroblast growth factor 23	Homo sapiens	44-71
31203609-0	2019	Chloride Control of the Mechanism of Human Serum Ceruloplasmin (Cp) Catalysis.	Chlorides	0-8	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	49-62
31203609-0	2019	Chloride Control of the Mechanism of Human Serum Ceruloplasmin (Cp) Catalysis.	Chlorides	0-8	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	64-66
31248254-4	2019	Each Ru center in Ru-1 is stabilized by a state-of-the-art cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC, C1) and a bridging chloride donor: the lability of the latter elevates the reactivity of Ru-1 to a level previously attainable only with benzylidene derivatives.	Chlorides	112-120	Scm like with four mbt domains 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
32699619-1	2020	Background: Experimental studies have shown fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)-mediated upregulation of the distal tubule sodium/chloride (Na+Cl-) co-transporter leading to increased Na reabsorption, volume expansion and hypertension.	Chlorides	130-138	fibroblast growth factor 23	Homo sapiens	73-78
31269453-1	2019	KCC2 regulates neuronal transmembrane chloride gradients and thereby controls GABA signaling in the brain.	Chlorides	38-46	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
30865168-3	2019	In cells, NCC phosphorylation is increased by lowering of intracellular chloride, via activation of the chloride-sensitive with no lysine (WNK)-SPAK/OSR1 (Ste20-related proline/alanine-rich kinase/oxidative stress response) kinase cascade.	Chlorides	72-80	Wnk kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	139-142
31012886-1	2019	A cyclophane ligand (H6L) bearing three beta-oxo-delta-diimine arms and the corresponding tri-iron and -zinc complexes in which the metal ions are bridged by either chlorides, viz.	Chlorides	165-174	H6 family homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	21-24
30865168-3	2019	In cells, NCC phosphorylation is increased by lowering of intracellular chloride, via activation of the chloride-sensitive with no lysine (WNK)-SPAK/OSR1 (Ste20-related proline/alanine-rich kinase/oxidative stress response) kinase cascade.	Chlorides	72-80	odd-skipped related transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	149-153
30865168-3	2019	In cells, NCC phosphorylation is increased by lowering of intracellular chloride, via activation of the chloride-sensitive with no lysine (WNK)-SPAK/OSR1 (Ste20-related proline/alanine-rich kinase/oxidative stress response) kinase cascade.	Chlorides	72-80	serine/threonine kinase 24	Mus musculus	155-160
30865168-3	2019	In cells, NCC phosphorylation is increased by lowering of intracellular chloride, via activation of the chloride-sensitive with no lysine (WNK)-SPAK/OSR1 (Ste20-related proline/alanine-rich kinase/oxidative stress response) kinase cascade.	Chlorides	104-112	serine/threonine kinase 24	Mus musculus	155-160
30865168-7	2019	Studies examining chloride-insensitive WNK mutants, in the Drosophila renal tubule and in the mouse, lend further support to a role for chloride in regulating WNK activity and transepithelial ion transport.	Chlorides	136-144	Wnk kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	159-162
30865168-9	2019	SUMMARY: Chloride sensing by WNK kinase provides a mechanism to allow coupling of extracellular potassium with NCC phosphorylation and activity to maintain potassium homeostasis.	Chlorides	9-17	Wnk kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	29-32
31048412-0	2019	TMEM16A calcium-activated chloride currents in supporting cells of the mouse olfactory epithelium.	Chlorides	26-34	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	0-7
31174368-5	2019	Firstly, APP is shown to interact with and modulate the levels and activity of the neuron-specific Potassium-Chloride (K+-Cl-) cotransporter KCC2/SLC12A5.	Chlorides	109-117	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	146-153
31059164-3	2019	HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that pH-corrective equations for bovine plasma would be similar to those used for human plasma; cCa2+ was dependent on the plasma concentrations of total calcium (cTCa), chloride (cCl), L-lactate (cLactate), and albumin (cAlbumin); and the in vitro and in vivo cCa2+ -pH relationships would differ.	Chlorides	198-206	crystallin beta B2	Homo sapiens	124-128
31251792-1	2019	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the epithelial chloride channel CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein.	Chlorides	80-88	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	137-141
31017700-2	2019	Compounds 3 a and 3 b were prepared by the reduction of corresponding chlorides {(NHC)C(Ph)}AsCl2 (NHC=IPr 2 a, SIPr 2 b) with Mg.	Chlorides	70-79	achaete-scute family bHLH transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	92-97
31112175-8	2019	Chloride abstraction of 5 with TlPF6 in tetrahydrofuran (thf) afforded [Ir(tpp)(PPh3)(thf)](PF6) (6) that reacted with CsOH H2O and Li2S to give the hydroxo [Ir(tpp)(OH)(PPh3)] (7) and hydrosulfido [Ir(tpp)(PPh3)(SH)] (8) complexes, respectively.	Chlorides	0-8	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	80-84
31112175-8	2019	Chloride abstraction of 5 with TlPF6 in tetrahydrofuran (thf) afforded [Ir(tpp)(PPh3)(thf)](PF6) (6) that reacted with CsOH H2O and Li2S to give the hydroxo [Ir(tpp)(OH)(PPh3)] (7) and hydrosulfido [Ir(tpp)(PPh3)(SH)] (8) complexes, respectively.	Chlorides	0-8	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	33-36
31112175-8	2019	Chloride abstraction of 5 with TlPF6 in tetrahydrofuran (thf) afforded [Ir(tpp)(PPh3)(thf)](PF6) (6) that reacted with CsOH H2O and Li2S to give the hydroxo [Ir(tpp)(OH)(PPh3)] (7) and hydrosulfido [Ir(tpp)(PPh3)(SH)] (8) complexes, respectively.	Chlorides	0-8	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	170-174
31112175-8	2019	Chloride abstraction of 5 with TlPF6 in tetrahydrofuran (thf) afforded [Ir(tpp)(PPh3)(thf)](PF6) (6) that reacted with CsOH H2O and Li2S to give the hydroxo [Ir(tpp)(OH)(PPh3)] (7) and hydrosulfido [Ir(tpp)(PPh3)(SH)] (8) complexes, respectively.	Chlorides	0-8	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	170-174
31238865-4	2019	Incubation of both proteins with hypochlorite (NaOCl) or catalytically active MPO (MPO + H2O2), which synthesizes hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in the presence of chloride ions, resulted in the quenching of protein tryptophan fluorescence.	Chlorides	158-166	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	78-81
31120094-1	2019	The borylative cyclisation of 1,2-dialkynyl benzenes with BCl3 leads to dibenzopentalenes (via intramolecular SEAr) or benzofulvenes (via chloride addition) depending on substituents, with stabilised vinyl cation intermediates (e.g. with a p-MeO-C6H4-group) favouring the latter.	Chlorides	138-146	BCL3 transcription coactivator	Homo sapiens	58-62
31819314-7	2019	Spearman"s correlation coefficient revealed a significant positive correlation of serum chloride levels with serum levels of total cholesterol (rho 0.221, p=0.006), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (rho 0.187, p=0.015) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) (rho 0.169, p=0.038).	Chlorides	88-96	component of oligomeric golgi complex 2	Homo sapiens	202-207
31819314-9	2019	In conclusion, positive statistical association between serum cholesterol (total cholesterol, LDL-c and HDL-c) and chloride levels may suggest their similar modulation by AHF pathophysiology.	Chlorides	115-123	component of oligomeric golgi complex 2	Homo sapiens	94-99
31238865-4	2019	Incubation of both proteins with hypochlorite (NaOCl) or catalytically active MPO (MPO + H2O2), which synthesizes hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in the presence of chloride ions, resulted in the quenching of protein tryptophan fluorescence.	Chlorides	158-166	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	83-86
30484362-6	2019	We show that the accumulation of intracellular chloride ions caused by a transient upregulation of Na+-K+-2Cl- (NKCC1) co-transporters as observed following TBI, causes GABA receptor agonists to lead to excitation and depolarization block, rather than the expected hyperpolarization.	Chlorides	47-55	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	112-117
31089617-1	2019	Single atomic Pt supported on TiC was prepared from chloride Pt precursors, then the chloride ligands were intentionally removed by increasing the reduction temperature.	Chlorides	52-60	pleckstrin and Sec7 domain containing 4	Homo sapiens	30-33
31341591-3	2019	In [CoCl3(DABCO)(HDABCO)] (1), the trigonal bipyramidal Co(ii) centre has two bulky axial ligands and three equatorial chloride ligands.	Chlorides	119-127	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	56-62
30923125-5	2019	Here, we investigated the mechanisms, kinetics, and functionality of the chloride ion-mediated protomer assembly by using a single-chain technology to produce a stable NC1 trimer comprising alpha1, alpha2, and alpha1 NC1 monomers.	Chlorides	73-81	BCL2 related protein A1	Homo sapiens	190-204
30891840-1	2019	The P and M enantiomers of the octanuclear [Fe8 (mu4 -O)4 (mu-4-Cl-pz)12 Cl4 ] complex, having T symmetry, were resolved by temporary substitution of chloride ligands by racemic 4-s Bu-phenolates and subsequent crystallization, where the (S)- and (R)-phenolates coordinate selectively to the M and P complexes, respectively.	Chlorides	150-158	endogenous retrovirus group W member 3	Homo sapiens	73-76
30716372-5	2019	Even in the presence of chloride ions, when LL-37 is partially folded, the inducers were able to rise the alpha-helix content.	Chlorides	24-32	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	44-49
30484362-6	2019	We show that the accumulation of intracellular chloride ions caused by a transient upregulation of Na+-K+-2Cl- (NKCC1) co-transporters as observed following TBI, causes GABA receptor agonists to lead to excitation and depolarization block, rather than the expected hyperpolarization.	Chlorides	47-55	GABA type A receptor-associated protein	Homo sapiens	169-182
30014247-4	2019	The KCNQ1/KCNE3 potassium channel is regulated by estrogen in order to modulate chloride secretion during the menstrual cycle; the effect of estrogen on the colon is to promote fluid conservation during the implantation window.	Chlorides	80-88	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
31333278-3	2019	Specifically, the chloride and bromide derivatives, [H(sebenzimMe)]2ZnX2 and [H(sebenzimMe)]2CdX2 (X = Cl, Br), exhibit two intramolecular N-H   X interactions, whereas the iodide derivatives, [H(sebenzimMe)]2ZnI2 and [H(sebenzimMe)]2CdI2, exhibit only one intramolecular N-H   I interaction.	Chlorides	18-26	caudal type homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	93-97
30992317-8	2019	Furthermore, when reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was suppressed by antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (L-NAC) pretreatment, EBSS-induced autophagy was inhibited, and the chloride current was unable to be activated.	Chlorides	177-185	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	112-115
30862673-6	2019	Hit confirmation and expansion with commercially available substances identified the ortho-chloride-containing compound DFP00173, which inhibited mouse and human AQP3 with an IC50 of ~0.1-0.4 mum but had low efficacy toward mouse AQP7 and AQP9.	Chlorides	91-99	aquaporin 3 (Gill blood group)	Homo sapiens	162-166
30862673-6	2019	Hit confirmation and expansion with commercially available substances identified the ortho-chloride-containing compound DFP00173, which inhibited mouse and human AQP3 with an IC50 of ~0.1-0.4 mum but had low efficacy toward mouse AQP7 and AQP9.	Chlorides	91-99	aquaporin 7	Mus musculus	230-234
30862673-6	2019	Hit confirmation and expansion with commercially available substances identified the ortho-chloride-containing compound DFP00173, which inhibited mouse and human AQP3 with an IC50 of ~0.1-0.4 mum but had low efficacy toward mouse AQP7 and AQP9.	Chlorides	91-99	aquaporin 9	Mus musculus	239-243
30761610-1	2019	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a severe, monogenic, autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) gene, where disturbed chloride and bicarbonate transportation in epithelial cells results in a multiorgan disease with primarily pulmonary infections and pancreatic insufficiency.	Chlorides	169-177	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	100-104
30761610-1	2019	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a severe, monogenic, autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) gene, where disturbed chloride and bicarbonate transportation in epithelial cells results in a multiorgan disease with primarily pulmonary infections and pancreatic insufficiency.	Chlorides	169-177	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	106-145
31032637-3	2019	2018. doi:10.1113/JP276901 Potassium chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) plays a critical role in the regulation of chloride (Cl-) homeostasis within mature neurons.	Chlorides	37-45	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	63-67
31032637-12	2019	Additionally, the ability of KARs to regulate chloride homeostasis independently of KCC2 suggests that KAR signaling can regulate inhibition via multiple mechanisms.	Chlorides	46-54	hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 12	Mus musculus	29-32
30649746-1	2019	Plecanatide, a uroguanylin analog, activates the guanylate cyclase C receptors in the epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal tract in a pH-dependent fashion initiating (1) the conversion of intracellular guanosine triphosphate to cyclic guanosine monophosphate, which increases the activity of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator to increase chloride and bicarbonate secretion into the intestinal lumen and (2) a decrease in activity of the sodium-hydrogen ion exchanger.	Chlorides	365-373	natriuretic peptide receptor 3	Homo sapiens	49-68
30014247-4	2019	The KCNQ1/KCNE3 potassium channel is regulated by estrogen in order to modulate chloride secretion during the menstrual cycle; the effect of estrogen on the colon is to promote fluid conservation during the implantation window.	Chlorides	80-88	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E regulatory subunit 3	Homo sapiens	10-15
30417726-2	2019	The potassium chloride co-transporter (KCC2) plays a central role in intracellular chloride homeostasis and the inhibitory function of mature neurons.	Chlorides	14-22	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	39-43
30725256-10	2019	A potent, non-toxic benzodiazepine ("KRM-II-08") binds to the alpha5-GABAAR (0.8 microM EC50) enhancing a chloride-anion efflux that induces mitochondrial membrane depolarization and in response, TP53 upregulation and p53, constitutively phosphorylated at S392, cytoplasmic localization.	Chlorides	106-114	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	196-200
30725256-10	2019	A potent, non-toxic benzodiazepine ("KRM-II-08") binds to the alpha5-GABAAR (0.8 microM EC50) enhancing a chloride-anion efflux that induces mitochondrial membrane depolarization and in response, TP53 upregulation and p53, constitutively phosphorylated at S392, cytoplasmic localization.	Chlorides	106-114	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	218-221
30974056-2	2019	Here, we study the hydration of mica surfaces in contact with various alkali chloride solutions over a wide range of concentrations and pH values.	Chlorides	77-85	MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A	Homo sapiens	32-36
31145360-1	2019	Congenital chloride losing diarrhea (CCLD) is a rare type of chronic watery diarrhea due to mutations in SLC26A3 gene leading to defective chloride-bicarbonate exchanges with the resultant loss of chloride and retention of bicarbonate.We aim to define pediatric Saudi CCLD patients" characteristics to achieve prompt diagnosis, management, follow up with good quality of life, and prevention of complications in these patients.We carried retrospective data review of demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiographic, and outcome of all pediatric patients fulfilling the criteria of CCLD over 10 years from 2004 to 2014 from a single center in Taif region, Saudi Arabia.Forty-nine patients fulfilled the criteria of CCLD from 21 families with more than one affected patient in the same family in 90% of them and positive consanguinity in 91% of the cohort.	Chlorides	11-19	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	105-112
31145360-1	2019	Congenital chloride losing diarrhea (CCLD) is a rare type of chronic watery diarrhea due to mutations in SLC26A3 gene leading to defective chloride-bicarbonate exchanges with the resultant loss of chloride and retention of bicarbonate.We aim to define pediatric Saudi CCLD patients" characteristics to achieve prompt diagnosis, management, follow up with good quality of life, and prevention of complications in these patients.We carried retrospective data review of demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiographic, and outcome of all pediatric patients fulfilling the criteria of CCLD over 10 years from 2004 to 2014 from a single center in Taif region, Saudi Arabia.Forty-nine patients fulfilled the criteria of CCLD from 21 families with more than one affected patient in the same family in 90% of them and positive consanguinity in 91% of the cohort.	Chlorides	139-147	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	105-112
31145360-1	2019	Congenital chloride losing diarrhea (CCLD) is a rare type of chronic watery diarrhea due to mutations in SLC26A3 gene leading to defective chloride-bicarbonate exchanges with the resultant loss of chloride and retention of bicarbonate.We aim to define pediatric Saudi CCLD patients" characteristics to achieve prompt diagnosis, management, follow up with good quality of life, and prevention of complications in these patients.We carried retrospective data review of demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiographic, and outcome of all pediatric patients fulfilling the criteria of CCLD over 10 years from 2004 to 2014 from a single center in Taif region, Saudi Arabia.Forty-nine patients fulfilled the criteria of CCLD from 21 families with more than one affected patient in the same family in 90% of them and positive consanguinity in 91% of the cohort.	Chlorides	139-147	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	105-112
31019304-1	2019	The serotonin transporter (SERT) regulates neurotransmitter homeostasis through the sodium- and chloride-dependent recycling of serotonin into presynaptic neurons1-3.	Chlorides	96-104	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	4-25
31019304-1	2019	The serotonin transporter (SERT) regulates neurotransmitter homeostasis through the sodium- and chloride-dependent recycling of serotonin into presynaptic neurons1-3.	Chlorides	96-104	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
30963787-0	2019	A Quantitative Chloride Channel Conductance Assay for Efficacy Testing of AAV.BEST1.	Chlorides	15-23	bestrophin 1	Homo sapiens	78-83
30921734-3	2019	Here, we utilize GOx-CPO as integrated tandem enzymes to in situ generate singlet oxygen, which could be not only for oxidative cross-linking of injectable hydrogel carriers but also for continuous tumor treatment by adjustable bioconversion of blood oxygen, glucose, and chloride ion.	Chlorides	272-280	hydroxyacid oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	17-20
30921734-3	2019	Here, we utilize GOx-CPO as integrated tandem enzymes to in situ generate singlet oxygen, which could be not only for oxidative cross-linking of injectable hydrogel carriers but also for continuous tumor treatment by adjustable bioconversion of blood oxygen, glucose, and chloride ion.	Chlorides	272-280	carboxypeptidase O	Homo sapiens	21-24
31022181-1	2019	ClC-1 protein channels facilitate rapid passage of chloride ions across cellular membranes, thereby orchestrating skeletal muscle excitability.	Chlorides	51-59	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
31022181-5	2019	These characteristics agree with the lower chloride flux of ClC-1 compared with ClC-K and enable us to propose a model for chloride passage in voltage-dependent CLC channels.	Chlorides	43-51	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	60-65
31022181-5	2019	These characteristics agree with the lower chloride flux of ClC-1 compared with ClC-K and enable us to propose a model for chloride passage in voltage-dependent CLC channels.	Chlorides	123-131	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	60-65
30907395-8	2019	Mechanically, chloride ion-dependent CFTR, CLCN4, and CLIC4 signaling are not involved in DMY mediated chemotherapeutic colon tumorigenesis.	Chlorides	14-22	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	37-41
30963787-5	2019	Here, an assay is presented that enables the quantitative assessment of AAV-mediated BEST1 chloride conductance as a measure of vector efficacy.	Chlorides	91-99	bestrophin 1	Homo sapiens	85-90
30963787-7	2019	Whole-cell patch-clamp showed increased chloride conductance in BEST1-transduced cells compared to sham-transduced and untransduced controls.	Chlorides	40-48	bestrophin 1	Homo sapiens	64-69
30963787-8	2019	Exogenous chloride current correlated to BEST1 expression level, with an enhanced AAV.BEST1.WPRE vector providing higher expression levels of BEST1 and increases in chloride conductance.	Chlorides	10-18	bestrophin 1	Homo sapiens	41-46
30963787-8	2019	Exogenous chloride current correlated to BEST1 expression level, with an enhanced AAV.BEST1.WPRE vector providing higher expression levels of BEST1 and increases in chloride conductance.	Chlorides	10-18	bestrophin 1	Homo sapiens	86-91
30963787-8	2019	Exogenous chloride current correlated to BEST1 expression level, with an enhanced AAV.BEST1.WPRE vector providing higher expression levels of BEST1 and increases in chloride conductance.	Chlorides	10-18	bestrophin 1	Homo sapiens	86-91
30963787-8	2019	Exogenous chloride current correlated to BEST1 expression level, with an enhanced AAV.BEST1.WPRE vector providing higher expression levels of BEST1 and increases in chloride conductance.	Chlorides	165-173	bestrophin 1	Homo sapiens	41-46
30963787-8	2019	Exogenous chloride current correlated to BEST1 expression level, with an enhanced AAV.BEST1.WPRE vector providing higher expression levels of BEST1 and increases in chloride conductance.	Chlorides	165-173	bestrophin 1	Homo sapiens	86-91
30963787-8	2019	Exogenous chloride current correlated to BEST1 expression level, with an enhanced AAV.BEST1.WPRE vector providing higher expression levels of BEST1 and increases in chloride conductance.	Chlorides	165-173	bestrophin 1	Homo sapiens	86-91
30311722-9	2019	CONCLUSION AND INFERENCES: Our findings provide evidence that RET-mediated mechanisms regulate colonic function by maintaining cholinergic neuronal function and enabling ACh-evoked chloride secretion and motility.	Chlorides	181-189	ret proto-oncogene	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
30858361-3	2019	Here, we report that such chloride anionophores block autophagic flux in spite of the fact that they activate the pro-autophagic transcription factor EB (TFEB) coupled to the inhibition of the autophagy-suppressive mTORC1 kinase activity.	Chlorides	26-34	transcription factor EB	Homo sapiens	154-158
30794408-2	2019	Here, the properties of the SN2 reaction of hydrated chloride with methyl iodide are investigated by direct dynamics simulations, and how the solute-solvent interactions and the basicity of nucleophiles can profoundly affect the atomic level dynamics is discussed in detail.	Chlorides	53-61	solute carrier family 38 member 5	Homo sapiens	28-31
30858361-3	2019	Here, we report that such chloride anionophores block autophagic flux in spite of the fact that they activate the pro-autophagic transcription factor EB (TFEB) coupled to the inhibition of the autophagy-suppressive mTORC1 kinase activity.	Chlorides	26-34	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	215-221
30765526-0	2019	WNK4 kinase is a physiological intracellular chloride sensor.	Chlorides	45-53	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Mus musculus	0-4
30857243-1	2019	Abstract: The epithelial intermediate-conductance calcium/calmodulin-regulated KCa3.1 channel is considered to be a regulator of intestine function by controlling chloride secretion and water/salt balance.	Chlorides	163-171	potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily N, member 4	Mus musculus	79-85
30843875-2	2019	We identified a potentially novel Ca2+-activated chloride (Cl-) current (CaCC) that is induced by CCK in intestinal vagal afferents of nodose neurons.	Chlorides	49-57	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
30590202-1	2019	Spinal chloride-dependent synaptic inhibition is critical in regulating breathing and requires neuronal chloride gradients established by cation-chloride cotransporters Na+-K+-2Cl- (NKCC1) and K+-Cl- (KCC2).	Chlorides	7-15	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	182-187
30644629-4	2019	All 1:1 chloride complexes displayed a significant favourable contribution of the entropy term.	Chlorides	8-16	ALL1	Homo sapiens	0-5
30570751-1	2019	KEY POINTS: Potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 (KCC2) plays a critical role in regulating chloride homeostasis, which is essential for hyperpolarizing inhibition in the mature nervous system.	Chlorides	22-30	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	49-53
30570751-7	2019	ABSTRACT: Potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 (KCC2) plays a critical role in the regulation of chloride (Cl- ) homeostasis within mature neurons.	Chlorides	20-28	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	47-51
30841439-0	2019	Activation of constitutive androstane receptor inhibits intestinal CFTR-mediated chloride transport.	Chlorides	81-89	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3	Homo sapiens	14-46
30841439-0	2019	Activation of constitutive androstane receptor inhibits intestinal CFTR-mediated chloride transport.	Chlorides	81-89	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	67-71
30841439-3	2019	In this study, we investigated the role of CAR in the regulation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated chloride transport in T84 human colonic epithelial cells and mouse intestinal tissues.	Chlorides	136-144	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3	Homo sapiens	43-46
30841439-3	2019	In this study, we investigated the role of CAR in the regulation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated chloride transport in T84 human colonic epithelial cells and mouse intestinal tissues.	Chlorides	136-144	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	68-119
30841439-3	2019	In this study, we investigated the role of CAR in the regulation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated chloride transport in T84 human colonic epithelial cells and mouse intestinal tissues.	Chlorides	136-144	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	121-125
30784026-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Dysregulation of cation-chloride cotransporters NKCC1 and KCC2 expression was shown to be related to drug-resistant epilepsy.	Chlorides	36-44	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	60-65
30784026-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Dysregulation of cation-chloride cotransporters NKCC1 and KCC2 expression was shown to be related to drug-resistant epilepsy.	Chlorides	36-44	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	70-74
30784026-3	2019	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of bumetanide add-on therapy in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy and its relation to cation-chloride cotransporters NKCC1 and KCC2.	Chlorides	173-181	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	197-202
30590202-1	2019	Spinal chloride-dependent synaptic inhibition is critical in regulating breathing and requires neuronal chloride gradients established by cation-chloride cotransporters Na+-K+-2Cl- (NKCC1) and K+-Cl- (KCC2).	Chlorides	7-15	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	201-205
30590202-1	2019	Spinal chloride-dependent synaptic inhibition is critical in regulating breathing and requires neuronal chloride gradients established by cation-chloride cotransporters Na+-K+-2Cl- (NKCC1) and K+-Cl- (KCC2).	Chlorides	104-112	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	182-187
30590202-1	2019	Spinal chloride-dependent synaptic inhibition is critical in regulating breathing and requires neuronal chloride gradients established by cation-chloride cotransporters Na+-K+-2Cl- (NKCC1) and K+-Cl- (KCC2).	Chlorides	104-112	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	201-205
30554331-2	2019	The combination of a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) corrector and potentiator has provided a benefit by decreasing sweat chloride concentration in CF for the F508del-CFTR homozygous mutation, but it remains controversial in lung function, nutritional status, clinical score and safety.	Chlorides	149-157	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	21-72
30760291-9	2019	4/17 individuals (approximately 25% of cases) were found to suffer in fact from pseudo-Bartter syndrome resulting from congenital chloride diarrhea due to a novel homozygous mutation in the SLC26A3 gene, Pendred syndrome due to a known homozygous mutation in SLC26A4, Cystic Fibrosis (CF) due to a novel mutation in CFTR and apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome due to a novel homozygous loss of function mutation in HSD11B2 gene.	Chlorides	130-138	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	190-197
30813620-1	2019	In cystic fibrosis (CF), mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene disrupt the capacity of the encoded protein to function as a channel to transport chloride ions and water across cell membranes.	Chlorides	188-196	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	42-93
30813620-1	2019	In cystic fibrosis (CF), mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene disrupt the capacity of the encoded protein to function as a channel to transport chloride ions and water across cell membranes.	Chlorides	188-196	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	95-99
30622026-3	2019	The chloride ancillary ligand of "a" series (C1a-C4a) was replaced with 4-picoline and "b" series of four complexes Pt(II)(R-salicylaldimine)(4-picoline)BF4 (C1b-C4b) (R = 5-H, 5-CH3, F, 3-CH3O) was obtained.	Chlorides	4-12	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	49-52
30744098-1	2019	Pendrin (SLC26A4), a Cl-/anion exchanger, is expressed at high levels in kidney, thyroid, and inner ear epithelia, where it has an essential role in bicarbonate secretion/chloride reabsorption, iodide accumulation, and endolymph ion balance, respectively.	Chlorides	171-179	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
30744098-1	2019	Pendrin (SLC26A4), a Cl-/anion exchanger, is expressed at high levels in kidney, thyroid, and inner ear epithelia, where it has an essential role in bicarbonate secretion/chloride reabsorption, iodide accumulation, and endolymph ion balance, respectively.	Chlorides	171-179	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	9-16
30554331-2	2019	The combination of a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) corrector and potentiator has provided a benefit by decreasing sweat chloride concentration in CF for the F508del-CFTR homozygous mutation, but it remains controversial in lung function, nutritional status, clinical score and safety.	Chlorides	149-157	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	74-78
30554331-2	2019	The combination of a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) corrector and potentiator has provided a benefit by decreasing sweat chloride concentration in CF for the F508del-CFTR homozygous mutation, but it remains controversial in lung function, nutritional status, clinical score and safety.	Chlorides	149-157	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	194-198
30774592-3	2019	The resulting CFTR dysfunction, dysregulates variety of key cellular mechanisms such as chloride ion transport, airway surface liquid (ASL) homeostasis, mucociliary-clearance, inflammatory-oxidative signaling, and proteostasis that includes ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy.	Chlorides	88-96	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	14-18
30606785-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Transepithelial chloride- secretion, through the chloride channels cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and TMEM16A (anoctamin 1), drives cyst enlargement in polycystic kidney disease (PKD).	Chlorides	28-36	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	79-130
30606785-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Transepithelial chloride- secretion, through the chloride channels cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and TMEM16A (anoctamin 1), drives cyst enlargement in polycystic kidney disease (PKD).	Chlorides	28-36	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	132-136
30606785-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Transepithelial chloride- secretion, through the chloride channels cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and TMEM16A (anoctamin 1), drives cyst enlargement in polycystic kidney disease (PKD).	Chlorides	28-36	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	142-149
30606785-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Transepithelial chloride- secretion, through the chloride channels cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and TMEM16A (anoctamin 1), drives cyst enlargement in polycystic kidney disease (PKD).	Chlorides	28-36	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	151-162
30606785-9	2019	Activation of TMEM16A- and CFTR-dependent chloride secretion strongly augmented cyst growth.	Chlorides	42-50	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	14-21
30606785-9	2019	Activation of TMEM16A- and CFTR-dependent chloride secretion strongly augmented cyst growth.	Chlorides	42-50	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	27-31
29859229-3	2019	One of the most frequent causes of hyperekplexia are mutations in the SLC6A5 gene, encoding the neuronal glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2), a key component of inhibitory glycinergic presynapses involved in synaptic glycine recycling though sodium and chloride-dependent co-transport.	Chlorides	247-255	solute carrier family 6 member 5	Homo sapiens	70-76
30159893-2	2019	As the key regulator of tumor cell volume, sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) expression increases along with the malignancy of the glioma, and NKCC1 has been implicated in glioblastoma invasion.	Chlorides	60-68	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	86-91
30600599-3	2019	RESULTS: Normal and subnormal chloride secretory responses in the ICM were associated with normal and fourfold reduced amounts of the mature glycoform band C CFTR, respectively, consistent with the unequal clinical phenotype of the siblings.	Chlorides	30-38	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	158-162
29366908-1	2019	The potassium chloride cotransporter, KCC3, is an electroneutral cotransporter expressed in the peripheral and central nervous system.	Chlorides	14-22	solute carrier family 12, member 6	Mus musculus	38-42
29366908-2	2019	KCC3 is responsible for the efflux of K+ and Cl- in neurons to help maintain cell volume and intracellular chloride levels.	Chlorides	107-115	solute carrier family 12, member 6	Mus musculus	0-4
29859229-3	2019	One of the most frequent causes of hyperekplexia are mutations in the SLC6A5 gene, encoding the neuronal glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2), a key component of inhibitory glycinergic presynapses involved in synaptic glycine recycling though sodium and chloride-dependent co-transport.	Chlorides	247-255	solute carrier family 6 member 5	Homo sapiens	105-126
29859229-3	2019	One of the most frequent causes of hyperekplexia are mutations in the SLC6A5 gene, encoding the neuronal glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2), a key component of inhibitory glycinergic presynapses involved in synaptic glycine recycling though sodium and chloride-dependent co-transport.	Chlorides	247-255	solute carrier family 6 member 5	Homo sapiens	128-133
30629699-4	2019	NKCC1 brings sodium and chloride into the cell, possibly worsening ion dyshomeostasis.	Chlorides	24-32	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
30614689-1	2019	A new mechanism for the dichloride radical anion (Cl2 -) formation in diluted acidic chloride solutions is proposed on the grounds of pulse radiolysis measurements of the optical absorption growth at 340 nm and the density functional theory and Hartree-Fock computations.	Chlorides	26-34	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	50-53
30655622-2	2019	Throughout the human body, ABC transporters regulate cAMP levels, chloride secretion, lipid transport, and anti-oxidant responses.	Chlorides	66-74	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group)	Homo sapiens	27-30
30628889-1	2019	Bestrophin (BEST1-4) ligand-gated chloride (Cl-) channels are activated by calcium (Ca2+).	Chlorides	34-42	bestrophin 1	Gallus gallus	12-19
30696582-0	2019	Activated glycine receptors may decrease endosomal NADPH oxidase activity by opposing ClC-3-mediated efflux of chloride from endosomes.	Chlorides	111-119	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	86-91
30696582-4	2019	In many cells, this balance is achieved by ClC-3, a chloride-proton antiporter which can extrude two chlorides from the endosome to balance the importation of two electrons.	Chlorides	101-110	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	43-48
30696582-6	2019	Pro-inflammatory hormones which stimulate NADPH oxidase activity in endosomes have been shown to promote chloride extrusion from the cell, thereby expediting endosomal chloride export.	Chlorides	105-113	2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
30696582-6	2019	Pro-inflammatory hormones which stimulate NADPH oxidase activity in endosomes have been shown to promote chloride extrusion from the cell, thereby expediting endosomal chloride export.	Chlorides	168-176	2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
30696582-7	2019	Conversely, high cytosolic chloride could potentially slow endosomal NADPH oxidase activity by impeding ClC-3-mediated chloride export.	Chlorides	27-35	2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1	Homo sapiens	69-74
30696582-7	2019	Conversely, high cytosolic chloride could potentially slow endosomal NADPH oxidase activity by impeding ClC-3-mediated chloride export.	Chlorides	27-35	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	104-109
30696582-7	2019	Conversely, high cytosolic chloride could potentially slow endosomal NADPH oxidase activity by impeding ClC-3-mediated chloride export.	Chlorides	119-127	2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1	Homo sapiens	69-74
30696582-7	2019	Conversely, high cytosolic chloride could potentially slow endosomal NADPH oxidase activity by impeding ClC-3-mediated chloride export.	Chlorides	119-127	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	104-109
30558965-0	2019	Friend or Foe? Chloride Patterning in Halophytes.	Chlorides	15-23	WAPL cohesin release factor	Homo sapiens	10-14
30629699-5	2019	Bumetanide, a specific NKCC1 antagonist, blocks the transport of chloride into cells, and thus should attenuate the increases in chloride, which should lessen brain edema and improve neuronal functioning post-ICH, as with other injuries.	Chlorides	65-73	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	23-28
30629699-5	2019	Bumetanide, a specific NKCC1 antagonist, blocks the transport of chloride into cells, and thus should attenuate the increases in chloride, which should lessen brain edema and improve neuronal functioning post-ICH, as with other injuries.	Chlorides	129-137	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	23-28
31183831-8	2019	The ionic mechanisms underlying this pacemaker activity are dependent upon the calcium-activated chloride conductance, Ano1.This chapter discusses the basis of oviduct pacemaker activity, its hormonal regulation, and the underlying mechanisms and repercussions when this activity becomes disrupted during inflammatory responses to bacterial infections, such as Chlamydia.	Chlorides	97-105	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	119-123
30977982-0	2019	A Swelling-Activated Chloride Current in Microglial Cells is Suppressed by Epac and Facilitated by PKA - Impact on Phagocytosis.	Chlorides	21-29	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 3	Mus musculus	75-79
29949063-4	2019	Basal Isc in oviduct epithelium in response to apical ATPe comprises both chloride secretion and sodium absorption and has distinct temporal phases.	Chlorides	74-82	ATP synthase F1 subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens	54-58
30306852-6	2019	More specifically, GSK-3beta-sensitive cellular transport regulation involves various calcium, chloride, sodium, and potassium ion channels, as well as a number of Na+-coupled cellular carriers including excitatory amino acid transporters EAAT2, 3 and 4, high-affinity Na+ coupled glucose carriers SGLT1, creatine transporter 1 CreaT1, and the type II sodium/phosphate cotransporter NaPi-IIa.	Chlorides	95-103	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	19-28
31502429-7	2019	RESULTS: Functional experiments unveiled that uric acid transport mediated by GLUT9a but not GLUT9b is chloride-dependent: Replacing chloride by different anions resulted in a 3.43+-0.63-fold increase of GLUT9a- but not GLUT9b-mediated currents.	Chlorides	103-111	solute carrier family 2 member 9	Homo sapiens	78-83
31502429-7	2019	RESULTS: Functional experiments unveiled that uric acid transport mediated by GLUT9a but not GLUT9b is chloride-dependent: Replacing chloride by different anions resulted in a 3.43+-0.63-fold increase of GLUT9a- but not GLUT9b-mediated currents.	Chlorides	133-141	solute carrier family 2 member 9	Homo sapiens	78-83
29957062-0	2019	LRRC8A is essential for swelling-activated chloride current and for regulatory volume decrease in astrocytes.	Chlorides	43-51	leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit A	Homo sapiens	0-6
29957062-7	2019	We demonstrated that LRRC8A molecular expression is essential for swelling-activated chloride current via VRAC in primary-cultured cortical astrocytes.	Chlorides	85-93	leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit A	Homo sapiens	21-27
30627755-3	2019	A defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel reduces chloride ion transport to the cell membrane, which leads to malfunctions in all exocrine glands.	Chlorides	91-103	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	16-67
30627755-3	2019	A defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel reduces chloride ion transport to the cell membrane, which leads to malfunctions in all exocrine glands.	Chlorides	91-103	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	69-73
30284249-6	2019	ABSTRACT: Low chloride-conductance myotonia is caused by mutations in the skeletal muscle chloride (Cl- ) channel gene type 1 (CLCN1).	Chlorides	14-22	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 1	Mus musculus	127-132
30284249-6	2019	ABSTRACT: Low chloride-conductance myotonia is caused by mutations in the skeletal muscle chloride (Cl- ) channel gene type 1 (CLCN1).	Chlorides	90-98	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 1	Mus musculus	127-132
30473463-7	2019	On multivariate analysis, the increase in serum chloride (Delta[Cl-]) was independently associated with AKI [OR = 1.32 (1.00-1.74)], as was chloride exposure [OR = 1.01 (1.00-1.02)], and these associations were found to be stronger in patients identified as predicted SAP (PSAP).	Chlorides	48-56	SH2 domain containing 1A	Homo sapiens	268-271
31251980-7	2019	Both a Na-K-Cl cotransporter 1 antagonism (bumetanide, BUM) and a chloride ionophore (IONO) prevent isoflurane from disrupting growth cone sensing of Sema3A.	Chlorides	66-74	semaphorin 3A	Homo sapiens	150-156
29394241-7	2019	Our data provide proof-of-principle that 2-ClPA and 2-ClHDA induce powerful proinflammatory responses both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting the possibility that these chlorinated lipid products of the MPO/ hydrogen peroxide /chloride system may contribute to inflammation noted in neutrophil-dependent, myeloperoxidase-mediated pathologic states such as ischemia/reperfusion, hemorrhagic shock, and sepsis.	Chlorides	225-233	T-box transcription factor 22	Homo sapiens	43-47
29394241-7	2019	Our data provide proof-of-principle that 2-ClPA and 2-ClHDA induce powerful proinflammatory responses both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting the possibility that these chlorinated lipid products of the MPO/ hydrogen peroxide /chloride system may contribute to inflammation noted in neutrophil-dependent, myeloperoxidase-mediated pathologic states such as ischemia/reperfusion, hemorrhagic shock, and sepsis.	Chlorides	225-233	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	201-204
30473463-7	2019	On multivariate analysis, the increase in serum chloride (Delta[Cl-]) was independently associated with AKI [OR = 1.32 (1.00-1.74)], as was chloride exposure [OR = 1.01 (1.00-1.02)], and these associations were found to be stronger in patients identified as predicted SAP (PSAP).	Chlorides	48-56	prosaposin	Homo sapiens	273-277
30473463-10	2019	CONCLUSION: Hyperchloremia is common in patients with AP and Delta[Cl-] and chloride exposure during the first 48 h were independent risk factors for AKI in MSAP and SAP patients.	Chlorides	76-84	SH2 domain containing 1A	Homo sapiens	158-161
30262417-9	2018	Chronic infusion of BDNF is conversely associated with a decreased neuronal excitability, probably via several mechanism including an increase in central levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY), altered conductance of chloride, and downregulation of TrkB.	Chlorides	209-217	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	20-24
30568028-2	2018	CF results from loss-of-function mutations in CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a channel that conducts chloride across epithelial cell membranes, while WD is due to a deficiency of ATPase copper transporting beta (ATP7B), a plasma membrane protein that pumps out copper from cells.	Chlorides	117-125	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	46-84
30568028-2	2018	CF results from loss-of-function mutations in CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a channel that conducts chloride across epithelial cell membranes, while WD is due to a deficiency of ATPase copper transporting beta (ATP7B), a plasma membrane protein that pumps out copper from cells.	Chlorides	117-125	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	86-90
30144427-15	2018	Maintenance of apical CFTR might exacerbate water loss by active secretion of chloride into the intestinal lumen.	Chlorides	78-86	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	22-26
30463221-10	2018	Ir-1 has no substitution on its phenyl group, a water molecule (like cisplatin) can replace its chloride ion and, hence, the rate of hydrolysis might be tuned by the substituent on the ligand system.	Chlorides	96-104	immune response 1	Mus musculus	0-4
30063108-6	2018	The correlation analysis showed that S100A12 was positively associated with the somatic cell count and the sodium and chloride concentrations of milk.	Chlorides	118-126	S100 calcium binding protein A12	Bos taurus	37-44
31458240-1	2018	Removal of chloride from CoCl2 with TlPF6 in acetonitrile, followed by addition of excess nitrosobenzene, yielded the eight-coordinate cobalt(II) complex salt [Co{Ph(O)NN(O)Ph}4](PF6)2, shown by single-crystal X-ray analysis to have a distorted tetragonal geometry.	Chlorides	11-19	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	38-41
31458240-3	2018	The use of TlPF6 to generate solvated metal complex cations from chloride salts or chlorido complexes, followed by the addition of nitrosobenzene, is shown to be a useful synthetic strategy for the preparation of azodioxide complex cations with the noncoordinating, diamagnetic PF6 - counteranion.	Chlorides	65-79	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	13-16
30400193-7	2018	Comparative cyclic voltammetry studies with [NBu4][PF6] and [NBu4][Cl] as supporting electrolytes indicate that the chloride ligand can be lost from 3 by ligand exchange upon reduction.	Chlorides	116-124	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	51-54
30354154-2	2018	Here, we use contact angle goniometry to demonstrate that the macroscopic contact angle of aqueous chloride salt solutions on mica immersed in ambient alkane increases from near-zero to values exceeding 10 , depending on the type and concentration of cations and pH.	Chlorides	99-112	MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A	Homo sapiens	126-130
30459624-3	2018	Nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) appears to play an important role in wear particle-induced osteoclastogenesis, with bicarbonate/chloride exchanger, solute carrier family 4, anion exchanger, member 2, (SLC4A2) being upregulated during osteoclastogenesis in an NFATc1-dependent manner.	Chlorides	144-152	nuclear factor of activated T cells 1	Homo sapiens	40-46
30289627-2	2018	Loss of CFTR function disrupts chloride, bicarbonate and regulation of sodium transport, producing a cascade of mucus obstruction, inflammation, pulmonary infection, and ultimately damage in numerous organs.	Chlorides	31-39	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	8-12
30431338-4	2018	Upon secretion, the packed MUC5B is flushed out by a chloride- and bicarbonate-rich fluid from the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-expressing serosal cells located at the most distal part of the gland.	Chlorides	53-61	mucin 5B, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	27-32
30169756-1	2018	KCC2 is the major chloride extruder in neurons.	Chlorides	18-26	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	0-4
30135216-3	2018	Chloride Intracellular Channel 1 (CLIC1), highly expressed in CSCs, is constitutively present in the plasma membrane where it is associated with chloride ion permeability.	Chlorides	145-153	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	0-32
30135216-3	2018	Chloride Intracellular Channel 1 (CLIC1), highly expressed in CSCs, is constitutively present in the plasma membrane where it is associated with chloride ion permeability.	Chlorides	145-153	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
30135216-10	2018	Impeding CLIC1-mediated chloride current prevents both intracellular ROS accumulation and pH changes.	Chlorides	24-32	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	9-14
30076890-2	2018	Previous work indicated that chloride currents mediated by the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) and ClC-2 channels were affected in astrocytes deficient in either Mlc1 or Glialcam.	Chlorides	29-37	chloride voltage-gated channel 2 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	105-110
30406192-2	2018	The potassium chloride cotransporter KCC2, which serves to maintain low intraneuronal Cl- concentration and thus render chloride-mediated synaptic signaling inhibitory, exists in two isoforms, KCC2a and KCC2b.	Chlorides	14-22	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	37-41
30506051-4	2018	The CFTR is an anion transporter of chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3 -) that is located on the apical surface of respiratory epithelium and exocrine glandular epithelium.	Chlorides	36-44	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-8
30416443-2	2018	Defective chloride and bicarbonate secretion, arising from CFTR mutations, cause a multi-organ disease.	Chlorides	10-18	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	59-63
30306364-9	2018	The same method was used to calculate missing chloride (MEC).	Chlorides	46-54	C-C motif chemokine ligand 28	Homo sapiens	56-59
30333321-4	2018	SLC26A7 is a member of the same transporter family as SLC26A4 (pendrin), an anion exchanger with affinity for iodide and chloride (among others), whose gene mutations cause congenital deafness and dyshormonogenic goiter.	Chlorides	121-129	solute carrier family 26, member 7	Mus musculus	0-7
30333321-4	2018	SLC26A7 is a member of the same transporter family as SLC26A4 (pendrin), an anion exchanger with affinity for iodide and chloride (among others), whose gene mutations cause congenital deafness and dyshormonogenic goiter.	Chlorides	121-129	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	54-61
30333321-4	2018	SLC26A7 is a member of the same transporter family as SLC26A4 (pendrin), an anion exchanger with affinity for iodide and chloride (among others), whose gene mutations cause congenital deafness and dyshormonogenic goiter.	Chlorides	121-129	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	63-70
30077007-6	2018	Substitution of gluconate or aspartate for chloride in the bath solution blocked voltage-gated outward currents and shifted the reversal potential of Panx1 currents to the right, indicating the anion permeability of this channel.	Chlorides	43-51	pannexin 1	Mus musculus	150-155
30178676-10	2018	Clearly, chloride ions can add a new degree of freedom to the growth of 2D colloidal nanocrystals, yielding new insights into both the NPL synthesis as well as their optoelectronic properties.	Chlorides	9-17	N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate lyase	Homo sapiens	135-138
30290809-0	2018	Antiestrogen- and tamoxifen-induced effects on calcium-activated chloride currents in epithelial cells carrying the  F508-CFTR point mutation.	Chlorides	65-73	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	122-126
30290809-11	2018	CFBE cells incubated for 24 h with 3 muM VX-809 (a CFTR corrector) and then acutely stimulated with VX-770 (a CFTR potentiator) in the presence of forskolin, showed an increase of chloride currents which were abolished by Inh-172.	Chlorides	180-188	latexin	Homo sapiens	37-40
30232264-0	2018	Chloride regulates dynamic NLRP3-dependent ASC oligomerization and inflammasome priming.	Chlorides	0-8	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	27-32
30232264-0	2018	Chloride regulates dynamic NLRP3-dependent ASC oligomerization and inflammasome priming.	Chlorides	0-8	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	43-46
29923766-4	2018	Chloride regulates WNK kinases in vitro by binding to the active site and inhibiting autophosphorylation and has been proposed to modulate WNK activity in the distal convoluted tubule in response to low dietary potassium.	Chlorides	0-8	Wnk kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	19-22
29923766-4	2018	Chloride regulates WNK kinases in vitro by binding to the active site and inhibiting autophosphorylation and has been proposed to modulate WNK activity in the distal convoluted tubule in response to low dietary potassium.	Chlorides	0-8	Wnk kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	139-142
29923766-6	2018	Here, we review recent studies from the Drosophila tubule demonstrating cooperative roles for chloride and the scaffold protein Mo25 (mouse protein-25, also known as calcium-binding protein-39) in the regulation of WNK-SPAK/OSR1 signaling in a transporting renal epithelium.	Chlorides	94-102	Wnk kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	215-218
29923766-6	2018	Here, we review recent studies from the Drosophila tubule demonstrating cooperative roles for chloride and the scaffold protein Mo25 (mouse protein-25, also known as calcium-binding protein-39) in the regulation of WNK-SPAK/OSR1 signaling in a transporting renal epithelium.	Chlorides	94-102	serine/threonine kinase 39	Mus musculus	219-223
29923766-6	2018	Here, we review recent studies from the Drosophila tubule demonstrating cooperative roles for chloride and the scaffold protein Mo25 (mouse protein-25, also known as calcium-binding protein-39) in the regulation of WNK-SPAK/OSR1 signaling in a transporting renal epithelium.	Chlorides	94-102	odd-skipped related transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	224-228
30118829-8	2018	Conversely, uric acid significantly decreased the levels of HOCl, probably because of the competition with chloride by the catalysis of myeloperoxidase.	Chlorides	107-115	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	136-151
29884989-7	2018	After the knockdown of ClC-3 expression by ClC-3 siRNA, ZA-induced chloride current and apoptosis were significantly suppressed, indicating that the chloride channel participated in ZA-induced apoptosis may be ClC-3.	Chlorides	67-75	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	23-28
29884989-7	2018	After the knockdown of ClC-3 expression by ClC-3 siRNA, ZA-induced chloride current and apoptosis were significantly suppressed, indicating that the chloride channel participated in ZA-induced apoptosis may be ClC-3.	Chlorides	67-75	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	43-48
29884989-7	2018	After the knockdown of ClC-3 expression by ClC-3 siRNA, ZA-induced chloride current and apoptosis were significantly suppressed, indicating that the chloride channel participated in ZA-induced apoptosis may be ClC-3.	Chlorides	67-75	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	43-48
29802622-4	2018	The same membrane channel, however, when stimulated by positive membrane potential or by cleavage with caspase 3, is highly selective for the passage of chloride ions, excluding cations and ATP.	Chlorides	153-161	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	103-112
30102917-0	2018	Chloride ions stabilize the glutamate-induced active state of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 3.	Chlorides	0-8	glutamate metabotropic receptor 3	Homo sapiens	66-99
30298123-11	2018	Whilst doxorubicin could improve pulmonary outcomes through increased total cellular CFTR protein expression and CFTR associated chloride secretion (5).	Chlorides	129-137	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	113-117
30327603-2	2018	Emerging evidence suggests SLC26A9 as a modulator of wild-type and mutant CFTR function, and as a potential alternative target to circumvent the basic ion transport defect caused by deficient CFTR-mediated chloride transport in CF.	Chlorides	206-214	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	27-34
30327603-2	2018	Emerging evidence suggests SLC26A9 as a modulator of wild-type and mutant CFTR function, and as a potential alternative target to circumvent the basic ion transport defect caused by deficient CFTR-mediated chloride transport in CF.	Chlorides	206-214	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	192-196
30327603-3	2018	In this review, we summarize in vitro studies that revealed multifaceted molecular and functional interactions between SLC26A9 and CFTR that may be implicated in normal transepithelial chloride secretion in health, as well as impaired chloride/fluid transport in CF.	Chlorides	185-193	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	119-126
30327603-3	2018	In this review, we summarize in vitro studies that revealed multifaceted molecular and functional interactions between SLC26A9 and CFTR that may be implicated in normal transepithelial chloride secretion in health, as well as impaired chloride/fluid transport in CF.	Chlorides	185-193	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	131-135
30327603-5	2018	Collectively, these findings and the overlapping endogenous expression with CFTR suggest SLC26A9 an attractive novel therapeutic target that may be exploited to restore epithelial chloride secretion in patients with CF irrespective of their CFTR genotype.	Chlorides	180-188	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	89-96
30327603-7	2018	However, future research and development including the identification of compounds that activate SLC26A9-mediated chloride transport are needed to explore this alternative chloride channel as a therapeutic target in CF and potentially other muco-obstructive lung diseases.	Chlorides	114-122	solute carrier family 26 member 9	Homo sapiens	97-104
30241386-0	2018	NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit-2 237 Leu/Met Polymorphism Influences the Association of Coffee Consumption with Serum Chloride Levels in Male Japanese Health Checkup Examinees: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Analysis.	Chlorides	114-122	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	0-28
30217016-5	2018	Expressed in Xenopus oocytes, the inside-out patch-clamp configuration showed single channels with a conductance of about 46 pS and 39 pS for hemichannels composed of hCx46 and hCx26 monomers, respectively, when chloride was replaced by gluconate on both membrane sides.	Chlorides	212-220	gap junction protein alpha 3	Homo sapiens	167-172
30217179-12	2018	Using Bland and Altman plot considering the agreement between the sweat chloride values achieved from CPC [SPC and TPC] and CCC, there was no proportional bias and mean values are unrelated and only explain less than 8% of the variation.	Chlorides	72-80	proline rich protein gene cluster	Homo sapiens	107-110
30217016-5	2018	Expressed in Xenopus oocytes, the inside-out patch-clamp configuration showed single channels with a conductance of about 46 pS and 39 pS for hemichannels composed of hCx46 and hCx26 monomers, respectively, when chloride was replaced by gluconate on both membrane sides.	Chlorides	212-220	gap junction protein beta 2	Homo sapiens	177-182
30082031-1	2018	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is the enzyme of azurophilic granules of neutrophils, which catalyzes two electron oxidation of either chloride or bromide in the so-called "halogenating cycle".	Chlorides	125-133	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
30206371-1	2018	Phagocytes destroy ingested microbes by producing hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from chloride ions (Cl-) and hydrogen peroxide within phagolysosomes, using the enzyme myeloperoxidase.	Chlorides	80-88	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	162-177
30122318-0	2018	Decreased intracellular chloride promotes ADP induced platelet activation through inhibition of cAMP/PKA instead of activation of Lyn/PI3K/Akt pathway.	Chlorides	24-32	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	139-142
30082031-1	2018	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is the enzyme of azurophilic granules of neutrophils, which catalyzes two electron oxidation of either chloride or bromide in the so-called "halogenating cycle".	Chlorides	125-133	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	17-20
30082031-2	2018	Interaction of hydrogen peroxide with MPO in the presence of chloride ions leads to formation of hypochlorous acid (HOCl).	Chlorides	61-69	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	38-41
30122318-5	2018	Decrease of the extracellular chloride concentration facilitated the inactivation of Src family kinase Lyn, which was not involved in PI3K/Akt phosphorylation.	Chlorides	30-38	LYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	103-106
29719171-3	2018	Otherwise, the Panx1 channel is selective for chloride ions and exhibits no ATP permeability when stimulated simply by depolarization to positive potentials.	Chlorides	46-54	pannexin 1	Homo sapiens	15-20
29465422-0	2018	Elevated Postmortem Vitreous Sodium and Chloride Level in a Salt Water Drowning Death During Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus Diving With Diving Mask in Place: Case Report.	Chlorides	40-48	ankyrin repeat and KH domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	158-162
30146013-5	2018	These latter cells exchange intracellular bicarbonate for external chloride through pendrin, and therefore, account for renal base excretion.	Chlorides	67-75	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	84-91
29846116-8	2018	In contrast, this serine becomes phosphorylated when the intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl-]i) is reduced or when KS-WNK1 is coexpressed with WNK4.	Chlorides	71-79	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Homo sapiens	150-154
29957358-1	2018	This paper evaluates the effect of various lyotropic anions (chloride, sulfate, perchlorate, iodide, nitrate, bromide) on the thermodynamic stability and dynamics of native cytochrome c (Cyt c) at pH 7.0.	Chlorides	61-69	cytochrome c, somatic	Equus caballus	173-185
29949674-1	2018	Recent studies have indicated that the intracellular concentration of chloride ions (Cl- ) regulates gene expression in several types of cells and that Cl- modulators positively or negatively regulate the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 signaling pathways.	Chlorides	70-78	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	210-213
29949674-1	2018	Recent studies have indicated that the intracellular concentration of chloride ions (Cl- ) regulates gene expression in several types of cells and that Cl- modulators positively or negatively regulate the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 signaling pathways.	Chlorides	70-78	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	214-243
29949674-1	2018	Recent studies have indicated that the intracellular concentration of chloride ions (Cl- ) regulates gene expression in several types of cells and that Cl- modulators positively or negatively regulate the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 signaling pathways.	Chlorides	70-78	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	245-249
29949674-1	2018	Recent studies have indicated that the intracellular concentration of chloride ions (Cl- ) regulates gene expression in several types of cells and that Cl- modulators positively or negatively regulate the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 signaling pathways.	Chlorides	70-78	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	305-309
29771704-4	2018	Postmortem vitreous humor sodium and chloride (PMVSC) was reported to be a useful biochemical test in diagnosing saltwater drowning when the immersion time is less than 1 hour (SWD1).	Chlorides	37-45	RB binding protein 5, histone lysine methyltransferase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	177-181
29935101-6	2018	In addition, we defined clusters of ClC-1 mutations within CBS2 and C-terminal peptide subdomains that share the same functional defect: mutations between 829 and 835 residues and in residue 883 induced an alteration of voltage dependence, mutations between 851 and 859 residues, and in residue 947 induced a reduction of chloride currents, whereas mutations on 861 residue showed no obvious change in ClC-1 function.	Chlorides	322-330	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	36-41
30146013-6	2018	However, these cells can also mediate thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride absorption when the pendrin-dependent apical chloride influx is coupled to apical sodium influx by the sodium-driven chloride/bicarbonate exchanger.	Chlorides	118-126	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	93-100
30146013-6	2018	However, these cells can also mediate thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride absorption when the pendrin-dependent apical chloride influx is coupled to apical sodium influx by the sodium-driven chloride/bicarbonate exchanger.	Chlorides	64-72	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	93-100
29980107-7	2018	Mechanistic studies showed that JNK, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPKs signaling cascades play an important role in chloride-(N-chloromethyl nervosine VII) induced autophagy and apoptosis.	Chlorides	104-112	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	32-35
29981841-0	2018	Hormesis of mercuric chloride-human serum albumin adduct on N9 microglial cells via the ERK/MAPKs and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways.	Chlorides	21-29	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	88-91
29981841-0	2018	Hormesis of mercuric chloride-human serum albumin adduct on N9 microglial cells via the ERK/MAPKs and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways.	Chlorides	21-29	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	106-111
29980107-7	2018	Mechanistic studies showed that JNK, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPKs signaling cascades play an important role in chloride-(N-chloromethyl nervosine VII) induced autophagy and apoptosis.	Chlorides	104-112	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	37-43
29980107-7	2018	Mechanistic studies showed that JNK, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPKs signaling cascades play an important role in chloride-(N-chloromethyl nervosine VII) induced autophagy and apoptosis.	Chlorides	104-112	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	49-52
30063324-2	2018	Much of this research is driven by the biological relevance of anion transport and the search to find new treatments for diseases such as cystic fibrosis, which is caused by genetic problems leading to faulty cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channels, which in turn lead to reduced chloride and bicarbonate transport through epithelial cell membranes.	Chlorides	308-316	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	209-260
30157172-6	2018	Together these results strongly suggest that intracellular chloride transport by CLCC1 is a critical process in maintaining retinal integrity, and CLCC1 is crucial for survival and function of retinal cells.	Chlorides	59-67	chloride channel CLIC-like 1	Danio rerio	81-86
30063324-2	2018	Much of this research is driven by the biological relevance of anion transport and the search to find new treatments for diseases such as cystic fibrosis, which is caused by genetic problems leading to faulty cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channels, which in turn lead to reduced chloride and bicarbonate transport through epithelial cell membranes.	Chlorides	308-316	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	262-266
30024150-4	2018	The addition of chloride ions to a solution of [CoIII(L1S)(MeCN)2](BF4)2 in acetonitrile results in conversion of the cobalt(III) thiolate compound to the cobalt(II) disulfide compound [CoII2(L1SSL1)Cl4], as monitored with UV-vis spectroscopy; subsequent addition of AgBF4 regenerates the Co(III) compound.	Chlorides	16-24	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III	Homo sapiens	50-53
30078607-5	2018	Compound 2 dose-dependently inhibited the CFTR-mediated chloride secretion in T84 cells with an IC50 value of 0.96 muM whereas 3 displayed the same activity with the IC50 value of 58.62 muM.	Chlorides	56-64	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	42-46
30078607-5	2018	Compound 2 dose-dependently inhibited the CFTR-mediated chloride secretion in T84 cells with an IC50 value of 0.96 muM whereas 3 displayed the same activity with the IC50 value of 58.62 muM.	Chlorides	56-64	latexin	Homo sapiens	115-118
30097625-2	2018	Tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) activation following ischemic injury is known to increase neuronal excitability by downregulation of K-Cl co-transporter 2 (KCC2); a neuronal chloride (Cl-) co-transporter.	Chlorides	176-184	neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2	Mus musculus	0-26
30097625-2	2018	Tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) activation following ischemic injury is known to increase neuronal excitability by downregulation of K-Cl co-transporter 2 (KCC2); a neuronal chloride (Cl-) co-transporter.	Chlorides	176-184	neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2	Mus musculus	28-32
30097625-2	2018	Tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) activation following ischemic injury is known to increase neuronal excitability by downregulation of K-Cl co-transporter 2 (KCC2); a neuronal chloride (Cl-) co-transporter.	Chlorides	176-184	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	135-156
30097625-2	2018	Tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) activation following ischemic injury is known to increase neuronal excitability by downregulation of K-Cl co-transporter 2 (KCC2); a neuronal chloride (Cl-) co-transporter.	Chlorides	176-184	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	158-162
30131695-1	2018	Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic lethal disease, originated from the defective function of the CFTR protein, a chloride and bicarbonate permeable transmembrane channel.	Chlorides	112-120	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	96-100
29903911-2	2018	Elevated cAMP production in intestinal epithelial cells challenged with cholera toxin (CTX) results in diarrhea due to chloride transport by a cAMP-activated channel, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Chlorides	119-127	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	171-222
29903911-2	2018	Elevated cAMP production in intestinal epithelial cells challenged with cholera toxin (CTX) results in diarrhea due to chloride transport by a cAMP-activated channel, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).	Chlorides	119-127	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	224-228
30111737-8	2018	The highest chloride tap water concentration, 6.9 mM, occurred in early February 2011, while increases in nitrate occurred in both early summer and the middle of winter.	Chlorides	12-20	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	21-24
30111737-10	2018	Similarly, the tap water had concentrations of chloride and sulfate higher than reservoir water, while nitrate was similar to reservoir water.	Chlorides	47-55	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	15-18
30024150-4	2018	The addition of chloride ions to a solution of [CoIII(L1S)(MeCN)2](BF4)2 in acetonitrile results in conversion of the cobalt(III) thiolate compound to the cobalt(II) disulfide compound [CoII2(L1SSL1)Cl4], as monitored with UV-vis spectroscopy; subsequent addition of AgBF4 regenerates the Co(III) compound.	Chlorides	16-24	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III	Homo sapiens	289-296
29853471-9	2018	In the presence of 38 mM chloride, mitochondrial GSTZ1 exhibited shorter half-lives of inactivation compared with the cytosolic enzyme (P = 0.017).	Chlorides	25-33	glutathione S-transferase zeta 1	Homo sapiens	49-54
29791050-3	2018	In vivo studies in mice harboring an artificial mutation in the "gating glutamate" of ClC-5 (c.632A &gt; C, p.Glu211Ala) and mathematical modeling suggest that endosomal chloride concentration could be an important parameter in endocytosis, rather than acidification as earlier hypothesized.	Chlorides	170-178	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 5	Mus musculus	86-91
29910178-4	2018	Furthermore, nasal application of LNP-cmCFTR restored CFTR-mediated chloride secretion to conductive airway epithelia in CFTR knockout mice for at least 14 days.	Chlorides	68-76	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	40-44
29271475-0	2018	Role of Nrf2 in preventing oxidative stress induced chloride current alteration in human lung cells.	Chlorides	52-60	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	8-12
29739865-4	2018	During neutrophil activation, MPO is released and activated to convert hydrogen peroxide and chloride to hypochlorous acid (HOCl).	Chlorides	93-101	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	30-33
29910178-4	2018	Furthermore, nasal application of LNP-cmCFTR restored CFTR-mediated chloride secretion to conductive airway epithelia in CFTR knockout mice for at least 14 days.	Chlorides	68-76	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	54-58
29910178-5	2018	On day 3 post-transfection, CFTR activity peaked, recovering up to 55% of the net chloride efflux characteristic of healthy mice.	Chlorides	82-90	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	28-32
29740968-2	2018	This stabilization allows the crystallographic characterization of a variety of new polyinterhalides, in which chloride functions as the central ion as shown by the molecular structures of [AsPh4 ][Cl(BrCl)3 ] and [CCl(NMe2 )2 ][Cl(BrCl)5 ].	Chlorides	111-119	NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2	Homo sapiens	219-223
29782876-5	2018	Chloride homeostasis can be regulated by Cl- cotransporters like NKCC1 and KCC2 in the membrane, but the mechanisms for maintaining [Cl-]i are still under debate.	Chlorides	0-8	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	65-70
29782876-5	2018	Chloride homeostasis can be regulated by Cl- cotransporters like NKCC1 and KCC2 in the membrane, but the mechanisms for maintaining [Cl-]i are still under debate.	Chlorides	0-8	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	75-79
30046015-2	2018	SLC26A3 loss of function in humans or mice causes chloride-losing diarrhea.	Chlorides	50-58	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-7
30072910-8	2018	The CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 suppressed the chloride/bicarbonate exchange activity of ducts, suggesting that CaMKII was required for ductal chloride/bicarbonate exchange activity.	Chlorides	42-50	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	4-10
30072910-8	2018	The CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 suppressed the chloride/bicarbonate exchange activity of ducts, suggesting that CaMKII was required for ductal chloride/bicarbonate exchange activity.	Chlorides	138-146	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	4-10
30072910-8	2018	The CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 suppressed the chloride/bicarbonate exchange activity of ducts, suggesting that CaMKII was required for ductal chloride/bicarbonate exchange activity.	Chlorides	138-146	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	107-113
30118583-2	2018	Among them, SLC26A3 acts as a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger, highly expressed in the gastrointestinal, pancreatic and renal tissues.	Chlorides	30-38	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	12-19
30118583-3	2018	In humans, mutations in the SLC26A3 gene were shown to induce congenital chloride-losing diarrhea (CLD), a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by life-long secretory diarrhea.	Chlorides	73-81	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	28-35
29998273-3	2018	Furthermore, a sigma-donor phenylacetylide group has been incorporated to accomplish [Ph-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-Ru(PPh3)2(tpy-C6H4-CH[double bond, length as m-dash]CH-Ar)][PF6] (5-8) complexes by the substitution of a coordinated chloride ligand and to investigate the change in their redox and photophysical properties.	Chlorides	241-249	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	126-130
30011272-1	2018	The Band 3 (AE1, SLC4A1) membrane protein is found in red blood cells and in kidney where it functions as an electro-neutral chloride/bicarbonate exchanger.	Chlorides	125-133	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	12-15
30011272-1	2018	The Band 3 (AE1, SLC4A1) membrane protein is found in red blood cells and in kidney where it functions as an electro-neutral chloride/bicarbonate exchanger.	Chlorides	125-133	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	17-23
30022950-1	2018	The psoralen-related compound, 4,6,4"-trimethylangelicin (TMA) potentiates the cAMP/PKA-dependent activation of WT-CFTR and rescues F508del-CFTR-dependent chloride secretion in both primary and secondary airway cells homozygous for the F508del mutation.	Chlorides	155-163	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	140-144
29997283-8	2018	There was close correlation in modulator-induced change in CFTR activity, and CFTR activity in both cell types correlated with in vivo sweat chloride measurements.	Chlorides	141-149	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	59-63
29997283-8	2018	There was close correlation in modulator-induced change in CFTR activity, and CFTR activity in both cell types correlated with in vivo sweat chloride measurements.	Chlorides	141-149	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	78-82
30022950-7	2018	Nanomolar concentrations of these analogs significantly rescued F508del CFTR-dependent chloride efflux in FRT-YFP-F508del, HEK-293 and CF bronchial epithelial cells.	Chlorides	87-95	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	72-76
29626439-5	2018	Hepatic chloride concentrations, which influence the rate of GSTZ1 inactivation by DCA, were lower in rat than in human tissues and rats did not show the age dependence previously seen in humans.	Chlorides	8-16	glutathione S-transferase zeta 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-66
30063865-2	2018	CFTR is an ion channel regulating transport of chloride, bicarbonate, and water, and influencing sodium resorption.	Chlorides	47-55	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
30063865-5	2018	: AREAS COVERED: Recently, small molecule targeted therapy for specific classes of CFTR abnormalities have included CFTR correctors that decrease protein degradation and CFTR potentiators that increase channel open probability enhancing chloride transport.	Chlorides	237-245	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	83-87
30063865-5	2018	: AREAS COVERED: Recently, small molecule targeted therapy for specific classes of CFTR abnormalities have included CFTR correctors that decrease protein degradation and CFTR potentiators that increase channel open probability enhancing chloride transport.	Chlorides	237-245	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	116-120
30063865-5	2018	: AREAS COVERED: Recently, small molecule targeted therapy for specific classes of CFTR abnormalities have included CFTR correctors that decrease protein degradation and CFTR potentiators that increase channel open probability enhancing chloride transport.	Chlorides	237-245	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	116-120
29729285-2	2018	This regulation is mainly dependent on the two co-transporters K+/Cl- co-transporter KCC2 and Na+/K+/Cl- co-transporter NKCC1, whose activity can decrease or increase neuronal chloride concentrations respectively.	Chlorides	176-184	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	85-89
29729285-2	2018	This regulation is mainly dependent on the two co-transporters K+/Cl- co-transporter KCC2 and Na+/K+/Cl- co-transporter NKCC1, whose activity can decrease or increase neuronal chloride concentrations respectively.	Chlorides	176-184	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	120-125
30426109-2	2018	Glomerulosclerosis could be secondary to tubular injury, but it remains uncertain whether the CLCN5 gene, which encodes an endosomal chloride and/or hydrogen exchanger, plays a role in podocyte biology.	Chlorides	133-141	chloride voltage-gated channel 5	Homo sapiens	94-99
29973904-5	2018	We found early hyperreflexia, spasticity and reduced expression of KCC2 (a chloride cotransporter that regulates chloride homeostasis and cell excitability).	Chlorides	75-83	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	67-71
29653056-9	2018	The presence of chloride transformed HO  and SO4 - to Cl2 - that is less-reactive with 1,4-D, while the presence of dissolved O2 promoted gaseous nitrogen production.	Chlorides	16-24	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	54-57
29634983-1	2018	Unlike in the central nervous system (CNS), in the adult peripheral nervous system (PNS), activation of GABAA receptors (GABAAR) is excitatory because of the relatively high concentration of intracellular chloride in these neurons.	Chlorides	205-213	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 2	Mus musculus	104-119
29602830-6	2018	GX produced significantly greater potentiation of the GABA-A receptor-activated chloride currents in DGGCs (500%) than CA1PCs (200%).	Chlorides	80-88	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	54-60
29634983-1	2018	Unlike in the central nervous system (CNS), in the adult peripheral nervous system (PNS), activation of GABAA receptors (GABAAR) is excitatory because of the relatively high concentration of intracellular chloride in these neurons.	Chlorides	205-213	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 2	Mus musculus	121-127
29611353-0	2018	Intra-individual biological variation in sweat chloride concentrations in CF, CFTR dysfunction, and healthy pediatric subjects.	Chlorides	47-55	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	78-82
29433031-5	2018	Reaction of PMS with chloride diminishes the effective concentration of PMS by base activation, whereas in return high alkalinity decreases the oxidation capacity of reactive species.	Chlorides	21-29	proline rich protein BstNI subfamily 1	Homo sapiens	12-15
29510342-8	2018	Our data show that uric acid impairs the killing activity of dHL-60 cells likely by competing with chloride by myeloperoxidase catalysis, decreasing HOCl production.	Chlorides	99-107	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	111-126
29669921-4	2018	Computational docking to a CLC-Ka homology model has identified a BIM1 binding site on the extracellular face of the protein near the chloride permeation pathway in a region previously identified as a binding site for other less selective inhibitors.	Chlorides	134-142	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	27-30
29433031-5	2018	Reaction of PMS with chloride diminishes the effective concentration of PMS by base activation, whereas in return high alkalinity decreases the oxidation capacity of reactive species.	Chlorides	21-29	proline rich protein BstNI subfamily 1	Homo sapiens	72-75
29448193-3	2018	In particular chloride (Cl-), and not water, absorbs the majority of 185 nm photons when [Cl-]&gt;20mgL-1 and generates the chlorine atom radical (Cl) as a reactive species.	Chlorides	14-22	LLGL scribble cell polarity complex component 1	Homo sapiens	100-105
29430647-13	2018	The calcium-activated chloride conductance (CaCC), anoctamin-1 (Ano1) is expressed by ICC-IM but not resolved in SMCs, and CCh activated a Cl- conductance in ICC-IM and a non-selective cation conductance in SMCs.	Chlorides	22-30	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	51-62
29602832-0	2018	Intracellular Chloride and Scaffold Protein Mo25 Cooperatively Regulate Transepithelial Ion Transport through WNK Signaling in the Malpighian Tubule.	Chlorides	14-22	Wnk kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	110-113
29602832-3	2018	In conditions in which tubule intracellular chloride concentration decreased from 30 to 15 mM as measured using a transgenic sensor, Drosophila WNK activity acutely increased.	Chlorides	44-52	Wnk kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	144-147
29602832-5	2018	However, a mutation that reduces chloride sensitivity of Drosophila WNK failed to alter transepithelial ion transport in 30 mM chloride.	Chlorides	33-41	Wnk kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	68-71
29602832-9	2018	Finally, whereas overexpression of wild-type Drosophila WNK, with or without Drosophila Mo25, did not affect transepithelial ion transport, Drosophila Mo25 overexpressed with chloride-insensitive Drosophila WNK increased ion flux.Conclusions Cooperative interactions between chloride and Mo25 regulate WNK signaling in a transporting renal epithelium.	Chlorides	175-183	Mo25	Drosophila melanogaster	151-155
29602832-9	2018	Finally, whereas overexpression of wild-type Drosophila WNK, with or without Drosophila Mo25, did not affect transepithelial ion transport, Drosophila Mo25 overexpressed with chloride-insensitive Drosophila WNK increased ion flux.Conclusions Cooperative interactions between chloride and Mo25 regulate WNK signaling in a transporting renal epithelium.	Chlorides	175-183	Mo25	Drosophila melanogaster	151-155
29430647-13	2018	The calcium-activated chloride conductance (CaCC), anoctamin-1 (Ano1) is expressed by ICC-IM but not resolved in SMCs, and CCh activated a Cl- conductance in ICC-IM and a non-selective cation conductance in SMCs.	Chlorides	22-30	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	64-68
29581582-1	2018	ClC chloride channels and transporters are important for chloride homeostasis in species from bacteria to human.	Chlorides	4-12	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	0-3
29126251-9	2018	Urine pH and serum chloride increased with decreasing serum phosphate, suggesting a coordinate change in NHE3 activity.	Chlorides	19-27	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	105-109
29367066-6	2018	The magnitude of brush layer lower critical solution temperature reduction was found to follow the order F- &gt; CH3CO2- &gt; Cl- &gt; NO3- ~ Br- &gt; I- &gt; SCN- for the potassium series and Na+ &gt; K+ &gt; Cs+ &gt; Li+ ~ NH4+ for the chloride salts.	Chlorides	238-246	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	135-138
29732451-5	2018	Namely, the reaction of ligand 2 with (Ph3P)AuCl led to the heterolytic cleavage of the gold-chloride bond, which is favored over PPh3 ligand displacement.	Chlorides	93-101	protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	130-134
29601188-1	2018	The use of (L)Ni( o-tolyl)Cl precatalysts (L = PAd-DalPhos or CyPAd-DalPhos) enables the C( sp2)-O cross-coupling of primary, secondary, or tertiary aliphatic alcohols with (hetero)aryl electrophiles, including unprecedented examples of such nickel-catalyzed transformations employing (hetero)aryl chlorides, sulfonates, and pivalates.	Chlorides	298-307	regulator of calcineurin 2	Homo sapiens	89-98
29524729-8	2018	Moreover, tribenzodiazepinoporphyrazine incorporated into liposomes containing 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (chloride salt) revealed moderate phototoxicity at 5 x 10-5 muM for antibacterial photodynamic therapy.	Chlorides	121-134	latexin	Homo sapiens	180-183
29662080-5	2018	Furthermore, the increase in intracellular chloride concentration level and Vmem hyperpolarization in nutrient-starved cells was suppressed by inhibition of AMPK activity.	Chlorides	43-51	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	157-161
29662080-6	2018	Intracellular chloride concentrations and hyperpolarization increased after over-activation of AMPK using the specific activator AICAR or suppression of CFTR activity using specific inhibitor GlyH-101.	Chlorides	14-22	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	95-99
29662080-6	2018	Intracellular chloride concentrations and hyperpolarization increased after over-activation of AMPK using the specific activator AICAR or suppression of CFTR activity using specific inhibitor GlyH-101.	Chlorides	14-22	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	129-134
29662080-6	2018	Intracellular chloride concentrations and hyperpolarization increased after over-activation of AMPK using the specific activator AICAR or suppression of CFTR activity using specific inhibitor GlyH-101.	Chlorides	14-22	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	153-157
29662080-8	2018	These results reveal that AMPK controls the dynamic change in Vmem by regulating CFTR and influencing the intracellular chloride concentration, which in turn influences cell-cycle progression.	Chlorides	120-128	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	26-30
29765623-2	2018	The reaction proceeds mainly by SN2 initial chloride displacement rather than SN2"-type attack.	Chlorides	44-52	solute carrier family 38 member 5	Homo sapiens	32-35
29653946-3	2018	However, within these new innovative medicines, results for CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators indicate that one major challenge for turning a CF concept product into an actual medicine for the benefit of patients resides in the fact that, although pre-clinical models have shown good predictability for certain mutations, a good correlation to clinical end-points or biomarkers (e.g. forced expiratory volume in 1 s and sweat chloride) for all mutations has not yet been achieved.	Chlorides	449-457	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	60-98
29653946-3	2018	However, within these new innovative medicines, results for CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators indicate that one major challenge for turning a CF concept product into an actual medicine for the benefit of patients resides in the fact that, although pre-clinical models have shown good predictability for certain mutations, a good correlation to clinical end-points or biomarkers (e.g. forced expiratory volume in 1 s and sweat chloride) for all mutations has not yet been achieved.	Chlorides	449-457	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	100-104
29218745-4	2018	The chloride reversal potential is determined, in part, by the expression level of a neuron-specific potassium-chloride cotransporter, KCC2, which is developmentally upregulated in mammals.	Chlorides	4-12	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	135-139
28881011-1	2018	INTRODUCTION: Chloride conductance disturbances contribute to sarcolemmal dysfunction in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2).	Chlorides	14-22	DM1 protein kinase	Homo sapiens	116-119
29510032-1	2018	The main objective of this study is to examine how the charge densities of four monovalent anions-fluoride (F-), chloride (Cl-), bromide (Br-), and nitrate (NO3-)-influence their Donnan (charge) exclusion by a charged nanofiltration (NF) membrane.	Chlorides	113-121	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	157-160
29187363-5	2018	TRPV4 activation induced chloride currents and shrinkage of acinar cells by increasing intracellular calcium concentrations.	Chlorides	25-33	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4	Mus musculus	0-5
29187363-6	2018	The chloride currents evoked by a TRPV4-specific activator (GSK1016790A) were identified as ANO1-mediated currents.	Chlorides	4-12	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4	Mus musculus	34-39
29187363-6	2018	The chloride currents evoked by a TRPV4-specific activator (GSK1016790A) were identified as ANO1-mediated currents.	Chlorides	4-12	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	92-96
29247550-1	2018	Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a potent cytotoxic oxidant generated by the enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and chloride (Cl- ).	Chlorides	151-159	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	79-94
29247550-1	2018	Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a potent cytotoxic oxidant generated by the enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and chloride (Cl- ).	Chlorides	151-159	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	96-99
29505247-1	2018	Sunlight-induced photoformation of silver nanoparticles (nAg), mediated by natural organic matter (NOM), is significantly affected by the concentration of Ag(I) and chloride.	Chlorides	165-173	NBAS subunit of NRZ tethering complex	Homo sapiens	57-60
28779332-8	2018	Intracellular chloride concentration in the hippocampal CA1 area was measured to determine KCC2 activity.	Chlorides	14-22	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
28779332-8	2018	Intracellular chloride concentration in the hippocampal CA1 area was measured to determine KCC2 activity.	Chlorides	14-22	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	91-95
28881011-1	2018	INTRODUCTION: Chloride conductance disturbances contribute to sarcolemmal dysfunction in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2).	Chlorides	14-22	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-14 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	133-136
29197250-5	2018	Cd dose-dependently reduced testosterone production of fetal testis, lowered fetal Leydig cell numbers, downregulated protein expression levels of Leydig (LHCGR, SCARB1, STAR, CYP11A1, HSD3B1, and CYP17A1), and Sertoli cells (HSD17B3, DHH, and FSHR).	Chlorides	0-2	luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	155-160
29780533-7	2018	Such high activity in chloride transport subsequently leads to an excellent IC50 value of 20 muM toward inhibiting the growth of human breast cancer cells (BT-474), an anticancer activity that is even higher than that of the well-known anticancer agent cisplatin.	Chlorides	22-30	latexin	Homo sapiens	93-96
29258826-4	2018	We have developed an assay for myeloperoxidase activity that includes its major physiological substrates - chloride, thiocyanate, tyrosine, and urate.	Chlorides	107-115	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	31-46
28470573-1	2018	BSND protein, which is involved in chloride transport, is expressed in normal kidney and the inner ear and is known as an immunohistochemical marker for chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and renal oncocytoma; however, other organs and tumor types exhibiting BSND expression have not yet been reported.	Chlorides	35-43	barttin CLCNK type accessory subunit beta	Homo sapiens	0-4
28470573-1	2018	BSND protein, which is involved in chloride transport, is expressed in normal kidney and the inner ear and is known as an immunohistochemical marker for chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and renal oncocytoma; however, other organs and tumor types exhibiting BSND expression have not yet been reported.	Chlorides	35-43	barttin CLCNK type accessory subunit beta	Homo sapiens	263-267
29395156-5	2018	False positive AOX values were observed when chloride concentration exceeded 100 ppm.	Chlorides	45-53	acyl-CoA oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	15-18
29197250-5	2018	Cd dose-dependently reduced testosterone production of fetal testis, lowered fetal Leydig cell numbers, downregulated protein expression levels of Leydig (LHCGR, SCARB1, STAR, CYP11A1, HSD3B1, and CYP17A1), and Sertoli cells (HSD17B3, DHH, and FSHR).	Chlorides	0-2	scavenger receptor class B, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	162-168
29197250-5	2018	Cd dose-dependently reduced testosterone production of fetal testis, lowered fetal Leydig cell numbers, downregulated protein expression levels of Leydig (LHCGR, SCARB1, STAR, CYP11A1, HSD3B1, and CYP17A1), and Sertoli cells (HSD17B3, DHH, and FSHR).	Chlorides	0-2	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Rattus norvegicus	170-174
29197250-5	2018	Cd dose-dependently reduced testosterone production of fetal testis, lowered fetal Leydig cell numbers, downregulated protein expression levels of Leydig (LHCGR, SCARB1, STAR, CYP11A1, HSD3B1, and CYP17A1), and Sertoli cells (HSD17B3, DHH, and FSHR).	Chlorides	0-2	cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	176-183
29197250-5	2018	Cd dose-dependently reduced testosterone production of fetal testis, lowered fetal Leydig cell numbers, downregulated protein expression levels of Leydig (LHCGR, SCARB1, STAR, CYP11A1, HSD3B1, and CYP17A1), and Sertoli cells (HSD17B3, DHH, and FSHR).	Chlorides	0-2	hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1	Rattus norvegicus	185-191
29197250-5	2018	Cd dose-dependently reduced testosterone production of fetal testis, lowered fetal Leydig cell numbers, downregulated protein expression levels of Leydig (LHCGR, SCARB1, STAR, CYP11A1, HSD3B1, and CYP17A1), and Sertoli cells (HSD17B3, DHH, and FSHR).	Chlorides	0-2	cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	197-204
29197250-5	2018	Cd dose-dependently reduced testosterone production of fetal testis, lowered fetal Leydig cell numbers, downregulated protein expression levels of Leydig (LHCGR, SCARB1, STAR, CYP11A1, HSD3B1, and CYP17A1), and Sertoli cells (HSD17B3, DHH, and FSHR).	Chlorides	0-2	hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 3	Rattus norvegicus	226-233
29197250-5	2018	Cd dose-dependently reduced testosterone production of fetal testis, lowered fetal Leydig cell numbers, downregulated protein expression levels of Leydig (LHCGR, SCARB1, STAR, CYP11A1, HSD3B1, and CYP17A1), and Sertoli cells (HSD17B3, DHH, and FSHR).	Chlorides	0-2	desert hedgehog signaling molecule	Rattus norvegicus	235-238
29197250-5	2018	Cd dose-dependently reduced testosterone production of fetal testis, lowered fetal Leydig cell numbers, downregulated protein expression levels of Leydig (LHCGR, SCARB1, STAR, CYP11A1, HSD3B1, and CYP17A1), and Sertoli cells (HSD17B3, DHH, and FSHR).	Chlorides	0-2	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	244-248
29237740-6	2018	In vitro, Grhl2-deficient collecting duct cells displayed increased paracellular flux of sodium, chloride, and urea.	Chlorides	97-105	grainyhead like transcription factor 2	Mus musculus	10-15
28887112-1	2018	Different levels of CFTR regulation in the cell contribute to a stringent control of chloride secretion in epithelia.	Chlorides	85-93	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	20-24
28887112-2	2018	Tuning of chloride transport is achieved by modulating CFTR biogenesis, exit from the endoplasmic reticulum, trafficking, membrane stability and channel activity.	Chlorides	10-18	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	55-59
29415893-4	2018	Such effects include suppression of inflammation, improvement in F508del-CFTR maturation and gating, and stimulation of chloride secretion through the calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC).	Chlorides	120-128	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	151-185
29306405-4	2018	With the coexistence of serum anti-AQP4-Ab, chloride imbalance between serum and CSF could be associated with the clinical episodes in NMO.	Chlorides	44-52	aquaporin 4	Homo sapiens	35-39
29403012-7	2018	They highlight the important role of chloride in aldosterone biosynthesis and identify ClC-2 as the foremost chloride conductor of resting glomerulosa cells.	Chlorides	109-117	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	87-92
29390155-4	2018	We further found that ZmSLAC1 functions as a nitrate-selective anion channel without obvious permeability to chloride, sulfate and malate, clearly different from SLAC1 channels of Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa ssp.	Chlorides	109-117	C4-dicarboxylate transporter/malic acid transport protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	24-29
29463856-8	2018	Because EAAT4 also comprises a chloride permeable ion pore, we perturbed the chloride homeostasis using a high internal chloride concentration.	Chlorides	31-39	solute carrier family 1 (high affinity aspartate/glutamate transporter), member 6	Mus musculus	8-13
29463856-8	2018	Because EAAT4 also comprises a chloride permeable ion pore, we perturbed the chloride homeostasis using a high internal chloride concentration.	Chlorides	77-85	solute carrier family 1 (high affinity aspartate/glutamate transporter), member 6	Mus musculus	8-13
29463856-8	2018	Because EAAT4 also comprises a chloride permeable ion pore, we perturbed the chloride homeostasis using a high internal chloride concentration.	Chlorides	77-85	solute carrier family 1 (high affinity aspartate/glutamate transporter), member 6	Mus musculus	8-13
29479306-2	2018	We have previously reported a S1P-induced nocifensive response in mice by excitation of sensory neurons via activation of an excitatory chloride current.	Chlorides	136-144	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	30-33
29479306-3	2018	The underlying molecular mechanism for the S1P-induced chloride conductance remains elusive.	Chlorides	55-63	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	43-46
29479306-6	2018	The mechanism of S1P-induced activation of the chloride current involved Rho GTPase but not Rho-associated protein kinase.	Chlorides	47-55	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	17-20
29415893-4	2018	Such effects include suppression of inflammation, improvement in F508del-CFTR maturation and gating, and stimulation of chloride secretion through the calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC).	Chlorides	120-128	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	187-191
29328659-2	2018	The key transformations are reduction at C13 through the formation of a tertiary chloride and subsequent three-step lactonization including a selective iodination at C20 by the photoreaction of the C19-alcohol.	Chlorides	81-89	homeobox C13	Homo sapiens	41-44
29354830-2	2018	Deprotonation is found to also remove chloride from cobalt, and the decreased metal coordination number is then satisfied by bimolecular reaction of the newly formed peripheral deprotonated pyrazolate nitrogen, leading to Co2 units bridged by some of the pyrazolates, in the analogous species [Co2(L)(LH)]2(L) and [Co2(L)(HL)]2[Co(L)2], but also occasionally by chloride retention, in LiCo2L2Cl.	Chlorides	38-46	complement C2	Homo sapiens	222-225
29354830-2	2018	Deprotonation is found to also remove chloride from cobalt, and the decreased metal coordination number is then satisfied by bimolecular reaction of the newly formed peripheral deprotonated pyrazolate nitrogen, leading to Co2 units bridged by some of the pyrazolates, in the analogous species [Co2(L)(LH)]2(L) and [Co2(L)(HL)]2[Co(L)2], but also occasionally by chloride retention, in LiCo2L2Cl.	Chlorides	362-370	complement C2	Homo sapiens	222-225
29308884-7	2018	Cyclic voltammetry of PdL in perchlorate-, chloride-, and sulfate-containing electrolytes revealed two-electron oxidation of the palladium center.	Chlorides	43-51	programmed cell death 1	Homo sapiens	22-25
29149539-1	2018	The complex fluxional interconversions between otherwise very similar phosphonium bromides and chlorides R3 PX+ X- (R=Alk, Ar, X=Cl or Br) were studied by NMR techniques.	Chlorides	95-104	ALK receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	118-121
29057415-0	2018	Molecular details of the unique mechanism of chloride transport by a cyanobacterial rhodopsin.	Chlorides	45-53	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	84-93
29183834-5	2018	We attached hydrophobic C18 chains to water-soluble fluorescent probes for pH and chloride.	Chlorides	82-90	Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9	Homo sapiens	24-27
28419445-4	2018	We found that 17beta-estradiol (17beta-E2) concentration-dependently activated the chloride currents in ERalpha+ breast cancer MCF-7 cells.	Chlorides	83-91	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	104-111
28419445-6	2018	Decreased the ClC-3 protein expression caused the depletion of the 17beta-E2-activated chloride currents.	Chlorides	87-95	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	14-19
28419445-7	2018	17beta-E2-activated chloride currents which relied on the ERalpha expression were demonstrated by the following evidences.	Chlorides	20-28	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	58-65
28419445-9	2018	Secondly, ER antagonists, tamoxifen and ICI 182,780, and downregulation of ERalpha expression inhibited or abolished the 17beta-E2-activated chloride currents.	Chlorides	141-149	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	75-82
28419445-10	2018	Thirdly, ERalpha expression was induced in MDA-MB-231 cells by ESR1 gene transfection, and then 17beta-E2-activated chloride currents could be observed.	Chlorides	116-124	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	9-16
27550844-1	2018	Variants in CLCN4, which encodes the chloride/hydrogen ion exchanger CIC-4 prominently expressed in brain, were recently described to cause X-linked intellectual disability and epilepsy.	Chlorides	37-45	chloride voltage-gated channel 4	Homo sapiens	12-17
29340374-2	2018	The macrocycle pendant endows chloride selectivity and the fluorescence feature and suitable length of the rod facilitates the visual insertion of channels into the lipid bilayer, resulting in efficient ion transport with an EC50 value of 0.36 muM.	Chlorides	30-38	latexin	Homo sapiens	244-247
29326302-3	2018	These studies have shown that hyperpolarization increased chloride efflux, leading to the activation of chloride-sensitive with-no-lysine kinase (WNK) kinases and their downstream molecules, including STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) and NCC.	Chlorides	58-66	serine/threonine kinase 24	Mus musculus	201-206
29326302-3	2018	These studies have shown that hyperpolarization increased chloride efflux, leading to the activation of chloride-sensitive with-no-lysine kinase (WNK) kinases and their downstream molecules, including STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) and NCC.	Chlorides	58-66	serine/threonine kinase 39	Mus musculus	249-253
29326302-3	2018	These studies have shown that hyperpolarization increased chloride efflux, leading to the activation of chloride-sensitive with-no-lysine kinase (WNK) kinases and their downstream molecules, including STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) and NCC.	Chlorides	104-112	serine/threonine kinase 24	Mus musculus	201-206
29057415-5	2018	Here, we studied the chloride-transporting photocycle of a representative of this new group, Mastigocladopsis repens rhodopsin (MastR), using time-resolved spectroscopy in the infrared and visible ranges and site-directed mutagenesis.	Chlorides	21-29	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	117-126
29297909-0	2018	"In situ" observation of the role of chloride ion binding to monkey green sensitive visual pigment by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy.	Chlorides	37-45	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	102-105
29326302-3	2018	These studies have shown that hyperpolarization increased chloride efflux, leading to the activation of chloride-sensitive with-no-lysine kinase (WNK) kinases and their downstream molecules, including STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) and NCC.	Chlorides	104-112	serine/threonine kinase 39	Mus musculus	249-253
29297909-4	2018	In this study, we applied ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to monkey green (MG) pigment to gain structural information of the chloride binding site.	Chlorides	115-123	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	26-29
29379872-2	2017	When neurotransmitter GABA is released from inhibitory interneurons, activated GABA type A (GABAA) receptors on principal neurons become permeable to chloride.	Chlorides	150-158	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	79-90
29422838-0	2018	KCC2-dependent Steady-state Intracellular Chloride Concentration and pH in Cortical Layer 2/3 Neurons of Anesthetized and Awake Mice.	Chlorides	42-50	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	0-4
29360847-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene can reduce function of the CFTR ion channel activity and impair cellular chloride secretion.	Chlorides	154-162	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	29-68
29360847-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene can reduce function of the CFTR ion channel activity and impair cellular chloride secretion.	Chlorides	154-162	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	70-74
29360847-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene can reduce function of the CFTR ion channel activity and impair cellular chloride secretion.	Chlorides	154-162	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	108-112
29154478-5	2018	Proceeding from the new compound [ClB(hpp)]2 , we investigated its reactivity towards chloride abstraction with AlCl3 and GaCl3 .	Chlorides	86-94	citramalyl-CoA lyase	Homo sapiens	34-44
29299581-7	2018	This reaction is accompanied by the substitution of one Cp* ligand of Cp*2Cr by chloride anions originating from {SnIVCl2(Pc 3-)} - to form the complex {(Cp*CrCl2)(SnIV(mu-Cl)(Pc2-))} C6H4Cl2 (2) in which the (Cp*CrCl2) and {SnIV(Pc2-)} species are bonded through the mu-bridged Cl- anion.	Chlorides	80-88	keratin 6A	Homo sapiens	122-126
29379872-2	2017	When neurotransmitter GABA is released from inhibitory interneurons, activated GABA type A (GABAA) receptors on principal neurons become permeable to chloride.	Chlorides	150-158	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	92-97
29379872-3	2017	Typically, chloride flows through activated GABAA receptors into the neurons causing hyperpolarization or shunting inhibition, and in turn inhibits action potential (AP) generation.	Chlorides	11-19	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	44-49
29379872-6	2017	Here, we demonstrate that chloride overload of mouse principal CA3 pyramidal neurons not only makes these cells more excitable through GABAA receptor activation but also lowers the AP threshold, further aggravating excitability.	Chlorides	26-34	carbonic anhydrase 3	Mus musculus	63-66
29379872-6	2017	Here, we demonstrate that chloride overload of mouse principal CA3 pyramidal neurons not only makes these cells more excitable through GABAA receptor activation but also lowers the AP threshold, further aggravating excitability.	Chlorides	26-34	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	135-140
29210399-6	2018	For example, chloride binding is increased by over five times in the presence of K+ cations and the selectivity trend for salt binding is: KCl &gt; KOBz &gt; KOAc &gt; KNO2 &gt; KBr.	Chlorides	13-21	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 18	Homo sapiens	168-172
29531530-0	2018	Gap Junctions Are Involved in the Rescue of CFTR-Dependent Chloride Efflux by Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Coculture with Cystic Fibrosis CFBE41o- Cells.	Chlorides	59-67	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	44-48
29066461-1	2018	The STE20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich protein kinase (SPAK) controls the activity of the electroneutral cation-chloride cotransporters (SLC12 family) and thus physiological processes such as modulation of cell volume, intracellular chloride concentration [Cl-]i, and transepithelial salt transport.	Chlorides	117-125	serine/threonine kinase 39	Mus musculus	4-58
29976084-0	2018	Flos Magnoliae Inhibits Chloride Secretion via ANO1 Inhibition in Calu-3 Cells.	Chlorides	24-32	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	47-51
29976084-7	2018	In addition, we found that the treatment of the airway epithelial cell line Calu-3 with interleukin 4 significantly increased Ca[Formula: see text] activated Cl[Formula: see text] current (ICaCC), but not cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated chloride current (ICFTR).	Chlorides	273-281	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	88-101
29066461-1	2018	The STE20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich protein kinase (SPAK) controls the activity of the electroneutral cation-chloride cotransporters (SLC12 family) and thus physiological processes such as modulation of cell volume, intracellular chloride concentration [Cl-]i, and transepithelial salt transport.	Chlorides	117-125	serine/threonine kinase 39	Mus musculus	60-64
30485852-4	2018	RESULTS: Although the SNARE protein STX8 is thought to be functionally related and primarily localized to early endosomes, we show that silencing of STX8, particularly in the presence of the Vertex corrector molecule C18, rescues DeltaF508-CFTR, allowing it to reach the cell surface and increasing CFTR-dependent chloride currents by approximately 2.5-fold over control values.	Chlorides	314-322	syntaxin 8	Homo sapiens	36-40
30355950-1	2018	BACKGROUND/AIMS: The sodium-dependent bicarbonate transporter Slc4a8 (a.k.a NDCBE) mediates the co-transport of sodium and bicarbonate in exchange for chloride.	Chlorides	151-159	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 8	Mus musculus	62-68
30355950-1	2018	BACKGROUND/AIMS: The sodium-dependent bicarbonate transporter Slc4a8 (a.k.a NDCBE) mediates the co-transport of sodium and bicarbonate in exchange for chloride.	Chlorides	151-159	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 8	Mus musculus	76-81
30485852-4	2018	RESULTS: Although the SNARE protein STX8 is thought to be functionally related and primarily localized to early endosomes, we show that silencing of STX8, particularly in the presence of the Vertex corrector molecule C18, rescues DeltaF508-CFTR, allowing it to reach the cell surface and increasing CFTR-dependent chloride currents by approximately 2.5-fold over control values.	Chlorides	314-322	syntaxin 8	Homo sapiens	149-153
28874459-0	2018	Protease-activated receptor 2 activates airway apical membrane chloride permeability and increases ciliary beating.	Chlorides	63-71	F2R like trypsin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-29
29210639-3	2018	Upon ligand binding, GC-C receptors increase cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels, regulating a variety of key cell-type specific processes such as chloride and bicarbonate secretion, epithelial cell growth, regulation of intestinal barrier integrity and visceral sensitivity.	Chlorides	156-164	natriuretic peptide receptor 3	Homo sapiens	21-25
28677029-6	2018	The alteration of KCC2 expression affects GABAergic and glycinergic neurotransmissions, because KCC2 is a potassium-chloride exporter and serves to maintain intracellular chloride concentration.	Chlorides	116-124	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	18-22
28739209-0	2018	Analytical and biological variation in repeated sweat chloride concentrations in clinical trials for CFTR modulator therapy.	Chlorides	54-62	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	101-105
29393223-8	2018	CONCLUSION: We hereby firstly report significant total body and skin chloride retention in salt sensitive hypertension of GDNF+/-mice with genetically determined lower nephron number.	Chlorides	69-77	glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	122-126
29221674-13	2018	CONCLUSIONS: There is significant variability in sweat chloride distribution across CFTR class 2-5 genotypes.	Chlorides	55-63	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	84-88
29045814-9	2018	Our model predicts that interneuron stimulation triggered an increase of interneuron firing, which was accompanied by an increase in the intracellular chloride concentration and a subsequent KCC2-dependent gradual accumulation of the extracellular potassium promoting epileptiform ictal activity.	Chlorides	151-159	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	191-195
28677029-6	2018	The alteration of KCC2 expression affects GABAergic and glycinergic neurotransmissions, because KCC2 is a potassium-chloride exporter and serves to maintain intracellular chloride concentration.	Chlorides	116-124	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	96-100
28677029-6	2018	The alteration of KCC2 expression affects GABAergic and glycinergic neurotransmissions, because KCC2 is a potassium-chloride exporter and serves to maintain intracellular chloride concentration.	Chlorides	171-179	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	18-22
28677029-6	2018	The alteration of KCC2 expression affects GABAergic and glycinergic neurotransmissions, because KCC2 is a potassium-chloride exporter and serves to maintain intracellular chloride concentration.	Chlorides	171-179	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	96-100
29232901-2	2017	The chloride ion sensor based on RFID communication protocol is consisting of an energy harvesting and management circuit, a low dropout voltage regulator, a MCU, a RFID tag chip and a pair of electrodes.	Chlorides	4-12	mitochondrial calcium uniporter	Homo sapiens	158-161
28727479-4	2018	In the absence of extracellular chloride, we observed a modest reduction of the maximum aggregation response to thrombin or collagen-related peptide.	Chlorides	32-40	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	112-120
29303286-4	2018	The examination of sweat chloride concentration and mutations in the CFTR gene is used in CF diagnostics for detection of CFTR protein dysfunction.	Chlorides	25-33	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	122-126
29240710-6	2017	Laboratory results indicate that the proposed sensor can effectively detect surface ice and wet conditions even in the presence of deicing chlorides and rubber residue.	Chlorides	139-148	carboxylesterase 2	Homo sapiens	84-87
29368798-0	2018	Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) contributes to modulation of cyclic AMP-activated whole-cell chloride currents in human bronchial epithelial cells.	Chlorides	102-110	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	0-32
29368798-0	2018	Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) contributes to modulation of cyclic AMP-activated whole-cell chloride currents in human bronchial epithelial cells.	Chlorides	102-110	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
29368798-5	2018	We demonstrate that CLIC1 is able to modulate cyclic AMP-induced chloride currents and suggest that CLIC1 modulation could be important for chloride homeostasis in this cell type.	Chlorides	65-73	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
29368798-5	2018	We demonstrate that CLIC1 is able to modulate cyclic AMP-induced chloride currents and suggest that CLIC1 modulation could be important for chloride homeostasis in this cell type.	Chlorides	140-148	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
29368798-5	2018	We demonstrate that CLIC1 is able to modulate cyclic AMP-induced chloride currents and suggest that CLIC1 modulation could be important for chloride homeostasis in this cell type.	Chlorides	140-148	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	100-105
29680149-2	2018	While different mutations lead to varying levels of disease severity, the most common CFTR F508del mutation leads to defects in protein stability, trafficking to the cell membrane and gating of chloride ions.	Chlorides	194-202	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	86-90
30384810-3	2018	Interestingly, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator encoded by CFTR gene, an ATP-binding cassette transporter-class ion channel that conducts chloride and bicarbonate anions across membrane of epithelial cells, has recently been suggested to play a role in the development and progression of many types of cancer.	Chlorides	161-169	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	19-70
30384810-3	2018	Interestingly, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator encoded by CFTR gene, an ATP-binding cassette transporter-class ion channel that conducts chloride and bicarbonate anions across membrane of epithelial cells, has recently been suggested to play a role in the development and progression of many types of cancer.	Chlorides	161-169	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	82-86
29544774-7	2018	In a univariate analysis age (p &lt; 0.001), associated cancers (p = 0.012) and low levels of chloride in the CSF (p = 0.008) were risk factors for mortality.	Chlorides	94-102	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	110-113
29273736-4	2017	Here, we show by live-cell imaging with pH- and chloride-sensitive fluorescent probes in cultured hippocampal neurons of wild-type and VGLUT1-deficient mice that in SVs VGLUT functions as a glutamate/proton exchanger associated with a channel-like chloride conductance.	Chlorides	248-256	solute carrier family 17 (sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter), member 7	Mus musculus	135-141
29259251-7	2017	Comparisons of whole-cell and single-channel SLO-2 currents in native neurons and muscle cells between worm strains with and without BKIP-1 suggest that BKIP-1 reduces chloride sensitivity, activation rate, and single-channel open probability of SLO-2.	Chlorides	168-176	BK channel Interacting Protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	153-159
28747093-1	2017	In mature neurons, low intracellular chloride level required for inhibition is maintained by the potassium-chloride cotransporter, KCC2.	Chlorides	37-45	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	131-135
29182692-1	2017	Two novel chloride-centered Ag18 clusters with the same framework but different supporting phosphines are synthesized by the reaction of PhC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CAg, AgSbF6, PPh3 (or P(p-Tol)3), and NaBH4 in CH2Cl2, followed by the addition of PhC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CH and NEt3.	Chlorides	10-18	protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	184-188
29375389-9	2017	We identified the activity of several ion transporters, NBCe1, NHE1, NKCC1, and AE2, which are involved in intracellular pH regulation and vectorial bicarbonate and chloride transport.	Chlorides	165-173	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	63-67
29375389-9	2017	We identified the activity of several ion transporters, NBCe1, NHE1, NKCC1, and AE2, which are involved in intracellular pH regulation and vectorial bicarbonate and chloride transport.	Chlorides	165-173	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
29375389-9	2017	We identified the activity of several ion transporters, NBCe1, NHE1, NKCC1, and AE2, which are involved in intracellular pH regulation and vectorial bicarbonate and chloride transport.	Chlorides	165-173	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
29167180-2	2017	In both erythrocytes and the basolateral membrane of the collecting-duct alpha-intercalated cells, the role of AE1 is to catalyze a one-for-one exchange of chloride for bicarbonate.	Chlorides	156-164	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	111-114
29059065-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Elevation in postmortem vitreous humor sodium and chloride (PMVSC) in salt water drowning (SWD) when the immersion time is less than 1 hour (SWD1) is hypothesized to result from electrolyte changes in blood from salt water inhalation/ingestion during drowning.	Chlorides	62-70	RB binding protein 5, histone lysine methyltransferase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	153-157
29174009-2	2017	These cases of uncertain diagnosis are defined by (1) either the presence of at most one CF-associated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutation with sweat chloride values between 30 and 59mmol/L or (2) two CFTR mutations with at least one of unknown pathogenic potential and a sweat chloride concentration below 60mmol/L.	Chlorides	182-190	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	103-154
29568463-4	2017	Chloride binding increases with the depth of the sigma holes down to KD = 11 muM in THF.	Chlorides	0-8	latexin	Homo sapiens	77-80
29182692-1	2017	Two novel chloride-centered Ag18 clusters with the same framework but different supporting phosphines are synthesized by the reaction of PhC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CAg, AgSbF6, PPh3 (or P(p-Tol)3), and NaBH4 in CH2Cl2, followed by the addition of PhC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CH and NEt3.	Chlorides	10-18	tetraspanin 2	Homo sapiens	295-299
29182692-3	2017	Through careful analysis, we find that the central chloride arises from a generally ignored but nonetheless existing reaction between CH2Cl2 and NEt3, which is well recognized as the Menshutkin reaction.	Chlorides	51-59	tetraspanin 2	Homo sapiens	145-149
29176664-1	2017	The K+-Cl- co-transporter KCC2 (SLC12A5) tunes the efficacy of GABAA receptor-mediated transmission by regulating the intraneuronal chloride concentration [Cl-]i.	Chlorides	132-140	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	26-30
29176664-1	2017	The K+-Cl- co-transporter KCC2 (SLC12A5) tunes the efficacy of GABAA receptor-mediated transmission by regulating the intraneuronal chloride concentration [Cl-]i.	Chlorides	132-140	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	32-39
28918394-4	2017	We found that ApoL1 confers chloride-selective permeability to preformed phospholipid vesicles and that this selectivity is strongly pH-sensitive, with maximal activity at pH 5 and little activity above pH 7.	Chlorides	28-36	apolipoprotein L1	Homo sapiens	14-19
29184062-1	2017	KCC2 is a neuron specific K+-Cl- co-transporter that controls neuronal chloride homeostasis, and is critically involved in many neurological diseases including brain trauma, epilepsies, autism and schizophrenia.	Chlorides	71-79	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	0-4
29250408-2	2017	Each CoII ion is coordinated by two pyridine N atoms from two bridging L ligands, two O atoms from methanol mol-ecules and two chloride anions, all inversion-related.	Chlorides	127-135	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	5-9
29250408-4	2017	Each L ligand links two CoII ions, forming an infinite zigzag chain propagating along the c-axis direction and further stabilized by O-H Cl hydrogen bonds between the methanol mol-ecules and the chloride anions.	Chlorides	195-203	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	24-28
30965953-2	2017	FRP composites have to face harsh environments, such as chloride ions in coastal marine environments or cold regions with salt deicing.	Chlorides	56-64	secreted frizzled related protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
28888841-1	2017	The neuron-specific K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 maintains the low intracellular chloride concentration required for the fast hyperpolarizing responses of the inhibitory neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine.	Chlorides	76-84	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	39-43
28918394-5	2017	When ApoL1 and lipid were allowed to interact at low pH and were then brought to neutral pH, chloride permeability was suppressed, and potassium permeability was activated.	Chlorides	93-101	apolipoprotein L1	Homo sapiens	5-10
28918394-6	2017	Both chloride and potassium permeability linearly correlated with the mass of ApoL1 in the reaction mixture, and both exhibited lipid selectivity, requiring the presence of negatively charged lipids for activity.	Chlorides	5-13	apolipoprotein L1	Homo sapiens	78-83
28941802-0	2017	CFTR modulates RPS27 gene expression using chloride anion as signaling effector.	Chlorides	43-57	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
28557059-8	2017	These results suggest that taurine suppressed the increase in hepatic portal glucose concentrations via suppression of SGLT1 activity in the rat jejunum, depending on chloride ions.	Chlorides	167-175	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-124
28941802-0	2017	CFTR modulates RPS27 gene expression using chloride anion as signaling effector.	Chlorides	43-57	ribosomal protein S27	Homo sapiens	15-20
28387958-6	2017	The detection limits for the four anions chloride, nitrate, perchlorate, and formate could be lowered from 4, 4.3, 4.2, and 7.2 muM obtained without trapping respectively to 127, 142, 139, and 451 nM with trapping.	Chlorides	41-49	latexin	Homo sapiens	128-131
28919253-1	2017	We have previously shown that application of beta-amyloid peptide 1-42 (Abeta) at picomolar/nanomolar concentrations caused a decrease in the peak amplitude and acceleration of desensitization of the glycine-activated chloride current (IGly) in hippocampal pyramidal neurons (Bukanova et al., 2016).	Chlorides	218-226	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	72-77
29154432-1	2017	AIMS: Chloride (Cl) is an established key electrolyte for the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.	Chlorides	6-14	renin	Homo sapiens	80-85
29079751-1	2017	Chloride absorption and bicarbonate excretion through exchange by the solute carrier family 26 member 3 (SLC26A3) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) are crucial for many tissues including sperm and epithelia of the male reproductive tract.	Chlorides	0-8	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	70-103
29079751-1	2017	Chloride absorption and bicarbonate excretion through exchange by the solute carrier family 26 member 3 (SLC26A3) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) are crucial for many tissues including sperm and epithelia of the male reproductive tract.	Chlorides	0-8	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	105-112
29079751-1	2017	Chloride absorption and bicarbonate excretion through exchange by the solute carrier family 26 member 3 (SLC26A3) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) are crucial for many tissues including sperm and epithelia of the male reproductive tract.	Chlorides	0-8	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	118-169
29079751-1	2017	Chloride absorption and bicarbonate excretion through exchange by the solute carrier family 26 member 3 (SLC26A3) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) are crucial for many tissues including sperm and epithelia of the male reproductive tract.	Chlorides	0-8	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	171-175
29079751-2	2017	Homozygous SLC26A3 mutations cause congenital chloride diarrhea with male subfertility, while homozygous CFTR mutations cause cystic fibrosis with male infertility.	Chlorides	46-54	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	11-18
29124052-13	2017	Severe CFTR mutations and F508del/F508del genotype were associated with highest probability of ST chloride levels &gt;=60 mEq/L, and the absence of CFTR mutations identified was associated with borderline ST and respiratory symptoms.	Chlorides	98-106	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	7-11
28869532-1	2017	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP- and cGMP-regulated chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) channel localized primarily at the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells lining the airway, gut and exocrine glands, where it is responsible for transepithelial salt and water transport.	Chlorides	93-101	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-55
28817208-4	2017	The syn addition of a chloride to the vinyl cation intermediate and final elimination of the thiourea unit afford the desired chloroacrylonitriles.	Chlorides	22-30	synemin	Homo sapiens	4-7
28726933-1	2017	Coordination compounds of formula [Ru(Cl)2(CNR)4] are interesting building blocks for the preparation of halogen bonding supramolecular networks, since the chloride ligand is a good XB acceptor.	Chlorides	156-164	protocadherin alpha 7	Homo sapiens	43-48
28929145-3	2017	The addition of chloride forms the Cl- TTF-C[4]P complex resetting the system for reuse.	Chlorides	16-24	ras homolog family member H	Homo sapiens	39-42
28722226-11	2017	SLAC1 and SLAH3 mediate chloride and nitrate transport in guard cells, while SLAH1, SLAH2 and SLAH3 are engaged in root nitrate and chloride acquisition, and anion translocation to the shoot.	Chlorides	24-32	C4-dicarboxylate transporter/malic acid transport protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-5
28722226-11	2017	SLAC1 and SLAH3 mediate chloride and nitrate transport in guard cells, while SLAH1, SLAH2 and SLAH3 are engaged in root nitrate and chloride acquisition, and anion translocation to the shoot.	Chlorides	132-140	C4-dicarboxylate transporter/malic acid transport protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-5
28923049-3	2017	Based on these findings, we hypothesized that roflumilast could improve CFTR-mediated chloride transport and induce secretory diarrhea in mice exhibiting cigarette smoke-induced CFTR dysfunction.	Chlorides	86-94	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	72-76
28923049-4	2017	METHODS: A/J mice expressing wild type CFTR (+/+) were exposed to cigarette smoke or air with or without roflumilast and the effect of treatment on CFTR-dependent chloride transport was quantified using nasal potential difference (NPD) measurements in vivo and short-circuit current (Isc) analysis of trachea ex vivo.	Chlorides	163-171	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	148-152
28923049-6	2017	RESULTS: Acute roflumilast treatment increased CFTR-dependent chloride transport in both smoke- and air-exposed mice (smoke, -2.0 +- 0.4 mV, 131.3 +- 29.3 muA/cm2, P &lt; 0.01 and air, 3.9 +- 0.8 mV, 147.7 +- 38.0 muA/cm2, P &lt; 0.01 vs. vehicle -0.3 +- 0.7 mV, 10.4 +- 7.0 muA/cm2).	Chlorides	62-70	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	47-51
28923049-7	2017	Oral administration of roflumilast over five weeks completely reversed the deleterious effects of cigarette smoke on CFTR function in smoke-exposed animals, in which CFTR-dependent chloride transport was 64% that of air controls (roflumilast, -15.22 +- 2.7 mV vs. air, -14.45 +- 1.4 mV, P &lt; 0.05).	Chlorides	181-189	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	166-170
28923049-9	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Roflumilast effectively rescues CFTR-mediated chloride transport in vivo, further implicating CFTR activation as a mechanism through which roflumilast benefits patients with bronchitis.	Chlorides	59-67	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	45-49
28923049-9	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Roflumilast effectively rescues CFTR-mediated chloride transport in vivo, further implicating CFTR activation as a mechanism through which roflumilast benefits patients with bronchitis.	Chlorides	59-67	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	107-111
28494112-4	2017	Otherwise, the residual strong Lewis acidity of the [(RF O)3 Al-F-Al(ORF )3 ]- anion in the presence of the [F-Al(ORF )3 ]- anion-that forms with less than two equivalents of 1-leads to further chloride exchange reactions that complicate work-up.	Chlorides	194-202	ankyrin repeat, SAM and basic leucine zipper domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	69-75
28494112-4	2017	Otherwise, the residual strong Lewis acidity of the [(RF O)3 Al-F-Al(ORF )3 ]- anion in the presence of the [F-Al(ORF )3 ]- anion-that forms with less than two equivalents of 1-leads to further chloride exchange reactions that complicate work-up.	Chlorides	194-202	ankyrin repeat, SAM and basic leucine zipper domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	64-75
28759755-6	2017	Interestingly, SGLT2 inhibitors have been reported to reduce albuminuria in DM via an activation of renal tubuloglomerular feedback by increased macula densa sodium and chloride delivery, leading to afferent vasoconstriction and attenuated diabetes-induced renal hyperfiltration.	Chlorides	169-177	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	15-20
28887406-0	2017	Maize NPF6 Proteins Are Homologs of Arabidopsis CHL1 That Are Selective for Both Nitrate and Chloride.	Chlorides	93-101	nitrate transporter 1.1	Arabidopsis thaliana	48-52
28963502-0	2017	Epithelial Chloride Transport by CFTR Requires TMEM16A.	Chlorides	11-19	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	33-37
28963502-0	2017	Epithelial Chloride Transport by CFTR Requires TMEM16A.	Chlorides	11-19	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	47-54
28963502-1	2017	Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) is the secretory chloride/bicarbonate channel in airways and intestine that is activated through ATP binding and phosphorylation by protein kinase A, but fails to operate in cystic fibrosis (CF).	Chlorides	76-84	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	0-51
28963502-1	2017	Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) is the secretory chloride/bicarbonate channel in airways and intestine that is activated through ATP binding and phosphorylation by protein kinase A, but fails to operate in cystic fibrosis (CF).	Chlorides	76-84	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	53-57
28869532-1	2017	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP- and cGMP-regulated chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) channel localized primarily at the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells lining the airway, gut and exocrine glands, where it is responsible for transepithelial salt and water transport.	Chlorides	93-101	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
28873176-4	2017	Methods: CFTR chloride conductance was measured in vivo by ocular surface potential differences and in ex vivo conjunctiva by short-circuit current.	Chlorides	14-22	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Oryctolagus cuniculus	9-13
28786286-4	2017	More importantly, the yielded AgCl signals would decrease selectively induced by sulfides through the specific sulfide-chloride replacement reactions toward the transferring of AgCl into non-electroactive Ag2S.	Chlorides	119-127	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	205-209
28526688-2	2017	In the present study, we explored the contributions of the apical chloride/bicarbonate (Cl-/[Formula: see text]) exchangers downregulated in adenoma (DRA; Slc26a3), and putative anion transporter 1 (PAT1; Slc26a6), to the underlying transport mechanism.	Chlorides	66-74	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	150-153
28555925-8	2017	The remaining chloride conductance of the ClC-Kb mutant channel significantly correlates with the phenotypes, such as age at diagnosis, plasma chloride concentration, and the degree of calciuria in patients with classic BS.	Chlorides	14-22	chloride voltage-gated channel Kb	Homo sapiens	42-48
28677776-1	2017	Anion exchanger 3 (AE3) is known to serve crucial roles in maintaining intracellular chloride homeostasis by facilitating the reversible electroneutral exchange of Cl- for HCO3- across the plasma membrane.	Chlorides	85-93	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-17
28677776-1	2017	Anion exchanger 3 (AE3) is known to serve crucial roles in maintaining intracellular chloride homeostasis by facilitating the reversible electroneutral exchange of Cl- for HCO3- across the plasma membrane.	Chlorides	85-93	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
28677776-7	2017	In conclusion, PKCepsilon-dependent phosphorylation of serine 67 on AE3 may be responsible for the increase of Cl-/HCO3- exchange of AE3 and intracellular chloride efflux by SQS, and contributes to the cardioprotection of SQS against H/R in H9c2 cells.	Chlorides	155-163	protein kinase C, epsilon	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
28677776-7	2017	In conclusion, PKCepsilon-dependent phosphorylation of serine 67 on AE3 may be responsible for the increase of Cl-/HCO3- exchange of AE3 and intracellular chloride efflux by SQS, and contributes to the cardioprotection of SQS against H/R in H9c2 cells.	Chlorides	155-163	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
28586522-2	2017	Sweat chloride-level is a functional marker of the CF Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR) protein and could be an important predictor of later disease severity.	Chlorides	6-14	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	51-77
28586522-2	2017	Sweat chloride-level is a functional marker of the CF Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR) protein and could be an important predictor of later disease severity.	Chlorides	6-14	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	79-83
28803659-3	2017	Hyperpolarizing inhibition mediated by type A GABA (GABAA) receptors is dependent on chloride extrusion by the neuron-specific type 2K+-Cl- cotransporter (KCC2).	Chlorides	85-93	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	155-159
28860458-0	2017	Intracellular Chloride Regulation in AVP+ and VIP+ Neurons of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus.	Chlorides	14-22	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	46-49
28860458-4	2017	Here, using ratiometric Cl- imaging, we have investigated intracellular chloride regulation in AVP and VIP-expressing SCN neurons and found evidence suggesting that [Cl-]i is higher during the day than during the night in both AVP+ and VIP+ neurons.	Chlorides	72-80	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	103-106
28817613-7	2017	We conclude that diflunisal affects the cell membrane organization and inhibits prestin-associated charge transfer and electromotility at physiological chloride concentrations.	Chlorides	152-160	solute carrier family 26, member 5	Mus musculus	80-87
28488023-8	2017	Glucose increased NSP4-stimulated chloride secretion.	Chlorides	34-42	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	18-22
28488023-9	2017	Glucose increased NSP4-stimulated increase in short-circuit current measurements (I sc) and net chloride secretion.	Chlorides	96-104	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	18-22
28855057-7	2017	Its diagnosis requires both clinical evidence (positive newborn screening, sibling[s] with cystic fibrosis, clinical signs) and the demonstration of CFTR dysfunction by an elevated chloride concentration in sweat, and/or two disease-causing mutations, and/or abnormal electrophysiological findings (nasal potential difference measurement, intestinal short-circuit current measurement).	Chlorides	181-189	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	149-153
28817613-0	2017	Diflunisal inhibits prestin by chloride-dependent mechanism.	Chlorides	31-39	solute carrier family 26, member 5	Mus musculus	20-27
28817613-6	2017	We found that diflunisal triggers two prestin-associated effects: a chloride independent increase in the surface area and the specific capacitance of the membrane, and a chloride dependent inhibition of the charge transfer and the electromotility in outer hair cells.	Chlorides	68-76	solute carrier family 26, member 5	Mus musculus	38-45
28817613-6	2017	We found that diflunisal triggers two prestin-associated effects: a chloride independent increase in the surface area and the specific capacitance of the membrane, and a chloride dependent inhibition of the charge transfer and the electromotility in outer hair cells.	Chlorides	170-178	solute carrier family 26, member 5	Mus musculus	38-45
28555925-8	2017	The remaining chloride conductance of the ClC-Kb mutant channel significantly correlates with the phenotypes, such as age at diagnosis, plasma chloride concentration, and the degree of calciuria in patients with classic BS.	Chlorides	143-151	chloride voltage-gated channel Kb	Homo sapiens	42-48
28555925-15	2017	Co-expression of barttin increased protein abundance and membrane trafficking of hClC-Kb and markedly increased functional chloride current.	Chlorides	123-131	barttin CLCNK type accessory subunit beta	Homo sapiens	17-24
28555925-17	2017	Most CLCNKB mutations resulted in marked reduction in protein abundance and chloride current, especially those residing at barttin binding sites, dimer interface and selectivity filter.	Chlorides	76-84	chloride voltage-gated channel Kb	Homo sapiens	5-11
28555925-17	2017	Most CLCNKB mutations resulted in marked reduction in protein abundance and chloride current, especially those residing at barttin binding sites, dimer interface and selectivity filter.	Chlorides	76-84	barttin CLCNK type accessory subunit beta	Homo sapiens	123-130
28775266-1	2017	The human ClC-Kb channel plays a key role in exporting chloride ions from the cytosol and is known to be involved in Bartter syndrome type 3 when its permeation capacity is decreased.	Chlorides	55-63	chloride voltage-gated channel Kb	Homo sapiens	10-16
28779175-0	2017	CLICs-dependent chloride efflux is an essential and proximal upstream event for NLRP3 inflammasome activation.	Chlorides	16-24	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	80-85
28779175-5	2017	Mitochondrial ROS then induces the translocation of CLICs to the plasma membrane for the induction of chloride efflux to promote NEK7-NLRP3 interaction, inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 activation, and IL-1beta secretion.	Chlorides	102-110	NIMA related kinase 7	Homo sapiens	129-133
28779175-5	2017	Mitochondrial ROS then induces the translocation of CLICs to the plasma membrane for the induction of chloride efflux to promote NEK7-NLRP3 interaction, inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 activation, and IL-1beta secretion.	Chlorides	102-110	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	134-139
28779175-5	2017	Mitochondrial ROS then induces the translocation of CLICs to the plasma membrane for the induction of chloride efflux to promote NEK7-NLRP3 interaction, inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 activation, and IL-1beta secretion.	Chlorides	102-110	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	176-185
28779175-5	2017	Mitochondrial ROS then induces the translocation of CLICs to the plasma membrane for the induction of chloride efflux to promote NEK7-NLRP3 interaction, inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 activation, and IL-1beta secretion.	Chlorides	102-110	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	202-210
28779175-6	2017	Thus, our results identify CLICs-dependent chloride efflux as an essential and proximal upstream event for NLRP3 activation.The NLRP3 inflammasome is key to the regulation of innate immunity against pathogens or stress, but the underlying signaling regulation is still unclear.	Chlorides	43-51	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	107-112
28779175-6	2017	Thus, our results identify CLICs-dependent chloride efflux as an essential and proximal upstream event for NLRP3 activation.The NLRP3 inflammasome is key to the regulation of innate immunity against pathogens or stress, but the underlying signaling regulation is still unclear.	Chlorides	43-51	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	128-133
28501025-4	2017	Relatively potent agonistic activities against ERalpha/beta were found in PCB congeners possessing chlorides at positions 2 and 3.	Chlorides	99-108	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	47-59
28515174-7	2017	NCC was detected in the plasma membrane, and both membrane abundance and phosphorylation of NCC were increased by incubation in chloride-free solutions.	Chlorides	128-136	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
28515174-7	2017	NCC was detected in the plasma membrane, and both membrane abundance and phosphorylation of NCC were increased by incubation in chloride-free solutions.	Chlorides	128-136	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	92-95
28970919-3	2017	Replacement of the chloride ligand with a hydride afforded the (POBOP)Ru(H)(PPh3) pincer complex, which possesses B-Ru, B-H   Ru, and Ru-H bonds.	Chlorides	19-27	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	76-80
28667491-4	2017	SGLT-2 inhibitors inhibit proximal tubular sodium and chloride reabsorption, leading to increased nephron flux throughout the distal renal tubules, most notably at the level of the macula densa.	Chlorides	54-62	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-6
27996167-0	2017	Intracellular Chloride Concentration Changes Modulate IL-1beta Expression and Secretion in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cultured Cells.	Chlorides	14-22	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	54-62
27996167-5	2017	Recently, we also reported the existence of several chloride-dependent genes, among them GLRX5 and RPS27.	Chlorides	52-60	glutaredoxin 5	Homo sapiens	89-94
27996167-5	2017	Recently, we also reported the existence of several chloride-dependent genes, among them GLRX5 and RPS27.	Chlorides	52-60	ribosomal protein S27	Homo sapiens	99-104
27996167-6	2017	Here, varying the intracellular chloride concentration [Cl- ]i of IB3-1 CF bronchial epithelial cells, we show that IL-1beta mRNA expression and secretion are also under Cl- modulation.	Chlorides	32-40	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	116-124
28376396-3	2017	The experimental results showed that a significant decrease in the degradation rate of AO7 was observed in the presence of NH4+, while a dual effect of chloride on AO7 bleaching appeared.	Chlorides	152-160	ring finger protein 25	Homo sapiens	164-167
28646128-1	2017	Mutations of the solute carrier family 4 member 1 (SLC4A1) gene encoding kidney anion (chloride/bicarbonate ion) exchanger 1 (kAE1) can cause genetic distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA).	Chlorides	87-95	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	51-57
28646128-1	2017	Mutations of the solute carrier family 4 member 1 (SLC4A1) gene encoding kidney anion (chloride/bicarbonate ion) exchanger 1 (kAE1) can cause genetic distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA).	Chlorides	87-95	O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase	Homo sapiens	126-130
28385297-6	2017	Ten days of low or high sodium chloride diet did not affect plasma sodium in control mice; however, NHE3loxloxCre mice were susceptible to low sodium chloride (about -4 mM) or high sodium chloride intake (about +2 mM) versus baseline, effects without differences in plasma aldosterone between groups.	Chlorides	31-39	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	100-104
28657743-1	2017	A highly useful, visible-light-driven carboxylation of aryl bromides and chlorides with CO2 was realized using a combination of Pd(OAc)2 as a carboxylation catalyst and Ir(ppy)2(dtbpy)(PF6) as a photoredox catalyst.	Chlorides	73-82	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	185-188
28969029-5	2017	Silencing endogenous CLC-3 with ShCLC-3 adenovirus significantly decreases volume-regulated chloride currents, inhibits the nuclear translocation of p65 subunit of Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), decreases transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB, reduces MMP-3 and MMP-9 expression and decreases glioma cell migration and invasion.	Chlorides	92-100	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	21-26
28819369-14	2017	Ganetespib reduced the phosphorylation of p53, Akt1/2/3 and PRAS40, as well as of WNK1, a kinase which regulates intracellular chloride concentrations.	Chlorides	127-135	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	82-86
28465373-9	2017	MNG increased the electronic chloride current, and this effect was inhibited by the CFTRinh-172 in the CFTR assay.	Chlorides	29-37	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
28398517-10	2017	Based on these studies, we propose that the chloride influx mediated by GlialCAM/MLC1/ClC-2 in astrocytes may be needed to compensate an excess of potassium, as occurs in conditions of high neuronal activity.	Chlorides	44-52	hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	72-80
28398517-10	2017	Based on these studies, we propose that the chloride influx mediated by GlialCAM/MLC1/ClC-2 in astrocytes may be needed to compensate an excess of potassium, as occurs in conditions of high neuronal activity.	Chlorides	44-52	megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts 1 homolog (human)	Mus musculus	81-85
28398517-10	2017	Based on these studies, we propose that the chloride influx mediated by GlialCAM/MLC1/ClC-2 in astrocytes may be needed to compensate an excess of potassium, as occurs in conditions of high neuronal activity.	Chlorides	44-52	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	86-91
28557061-9	2017	Many distinct clinical phenotypes are recognized in people, the majority relating to mutations in skeletal muscle voltage-gated chloride (CLCN1) and sodium channel (SCN4A) genes.	Chlorides	128-136	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	138-143
28527712-8	2017	It also shows that zinc coordinates to histidine residues in an environment, which is similar to the coordination seen in the insulin R6 hexamers, where three histidine residues and a chloride ion is coordinating the zinc.	Chlorides	184-192	insulin	Homo sapiens	126-133
28064162-1	2017	Background: Pendrin, the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger of beta-intercalated cells of the renal connecting tubule and the collecting duct, plays a key role in NaCl reabsorption by the distal nephron.	Chlorides	25-33	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	12-19
28673579-5	2017	Based on these observations and the established central role of chloride in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, I propose a unifying hypothesis of the "chloride theory" for HF pathophysiology, which states that changes in the serum chloride concentration are the primary determinant of changes in plasma volume and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system under worsening HF and therapeutic resolution of worsening HF.	Chlorides	64-72	renin	Homo sapiens	80-85
28673579-5	2017	Based on these observations and the established central role of chloride in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, I propose a unifying hypothesis of the "chloride theory" for HF pathophysiology, which states that changes in the serum chloride concentration are the primary determinant of changes in plasma volume and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system under worsening HF and therapeutic resolution of worsening HF.	Chlorides	158-166	renin	Homo sapiens	80-85
28673579-5	2017	Based on these observations and the established central role of chloride in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, I propose a unifying hypothesis of the "chloride theory" for HF pathophysiology, which states that changes in the serum chloride concentration are the primary determinant of changes in plasma volume and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system under worsening HF and therapeutic resolution of worsening HF.	Chlorides	158-166	renin	Homo sapiens	325-330
28673579-5	2017	Based on these observations and the established central role of chloride in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, I propose a unifying hypothesis of the "chloride theory" for HF pathophysiology, which states that changes in the serum chloride concentration are the primary determinant of changes in plasma volume and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system under worsening HF and therapeutic resolution of worsening HF.	Chlorides	158-166	renin	Homo sapiens	80-85
28673579-5	2017	Based on these observations and the established central role of chloride in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, I propose a unifying hypothesis of the "chloride theory" for HF pathophysiology, which states that changes in the serum chloride concentration are the primary determinant of changes in plasma volume and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system under worsening HF and therapeutic resolution of worsening HF.	Chlorides	158-166	renin	Homo sapiens	325-330
28590494-2	2017	Chloride ion abstraction from AsCl3 using TMSOTf in the presence of the ligand gives [P(Pyr)3As][OTf]3, in which the trication adopts a C3v symmetric cage structure.	Chlorides	0-8	achaete-scute family bHLH transcription factor 3	Homo sapiens	30-35
28561569-2	2017	For that, a strategic design and synthesis of three pentacoordinate CoII complexes [Co(bbp)Cl2] (MeOH) (1), [Co(bbp)Br2] (MeOH) (2), and [Co(bbp)(NCS)2] (3) has been achieved by using the tridentate coordination environment of the ligand in conjunction with the accommodating terminal ligands (i.e., chloride, bromide, and thiocyanate).	Chlorides	300-308	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	68-72
28604883-1	2017	Gold(i) chloride complexes with the diarsenic ligands cis-1,4-dihydro-1,4-diarsinines (cis-DHDAs) were synthesized.	Chlorides	8-16	suppressor of cytokine signaling 1	Homo sapiens	54-59
28604855-1	2017	A novel P(NMe2)3-mediated formal carbon-halogen bond insertion of isatins into allylic and benzylic bromides/chlorides has been realized, leading to a facile synthesis of 3-halo 3,3"-disubstituted oxindoles.	Chlorides	109-118	NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2	Homo sapiens	10-14
28498799-0	2017	Dietary luteolin attenuates chronic liver injury induced by mercuric chloride via the Nrf2/NF-kappaB/P53 signaling pathway in rats.	Chlorides	69-77	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	86-90
28258656-0	2017	A novel missense mutation Q495K of SLC26A3 gene identified in a Chinese child with congenital chloride-losing diarrhoea.	Chlorides	94-102	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	35-42
28628643-3	2017	We show that the first 31 amino acids of the N-terminus of LIPT2 represent a mitochondrial targeting sequence and inhibition of the transit of LIPT2 to the mitochondrion results in apoptotic cell death associated with activation of the apoptotic volume decrease (AVD) current in normotonic conditions, as well as over-activation of the swelling-activated chloride current (IClswell), mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, caspase-3 cleavage and nuclear DNA fragmentation.	Chlorides	355-363	lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase 2	Homo sapiens	59-64
28628643-3	2017	We show that the first 31 amino acids of the N-terminus of LIPT2 represent a mitochondrial targeting sequence and inhibition of the transit of LIPT2 to the mitochondrion results in apoptotic cell death associated with activation of the apoptotic volume decrease (AVD) current in normotonic conditions, as well as over-activation of the swelling-activated chloride current (IClswell), mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, caspase-3 cleavage and nuclear DNA fragmentation.	Chlorides	355-363	lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase 2	Homo sapiens	143-148
28445004-0	2017	CFTR-dependent chloride efflux in cystic fibrosis mononuclear cells is increased by ivacaftor therapy.	Chlorides	15-23	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
28445004-4	2017	Besides clinical and systemic inflammatory parameters, circulating mononuclear cells (MNC) were evaluated for CFTR-dependent chloride efflux by spectrofluorimetry, neutrophils for oxidative burst by cytofluorimetry and HVCN1 mRNA expression by real time PCR.	Chlorides	125-133	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	110-114
28336549-4	2017	Ano1 with exon 0 [Ano1(0)] had a lower EC50 for intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and faster chloride current (ICl) kinetics.	Chlorides	91-99	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
28336549-4	2017	Ano1 with exon 0 [Ano1(0)] had a lower EC50 for intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and faster chloride current (ICl) kinetics.	Chlorides	91-99	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	18-25
28970880-1	2017	We report herein a new approach for the synthesis of tellurium-bridged aromatic compounds based on the sequential electrophilic telluration of C(sp2)-Zn and C(sp2)-H bonds with tellurium(iv) chlorides.	Chlorides	191-200	Sp2 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	143-148
28970880-1	2017	We report herein a new approach for the synthesis of tellurium-bridged aromatic compounds based on the sequential electrophilic telluration of C(sp2)-Zn and C(sp2)-H bonds with tellurium(iv) chlorides.	Chlorides	191-200	Sp2 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	157-162
28680296-5	2017	The most prominent feature of Best1 is its significant permeability to glutamate and GABA in addition to chloride ions because glutamate and GABA are important transmitters in the brain.	Chlorides	105-113	bestrophin 1	Homo sapiens	30-35
28554723-5	2017	The disease is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene which encodes the CFTR protein, a protein kinase A-activated ATP-gated anion channel that regulates the transport of electrolytes such as chloride and bicarbonate.	Chlorides	244-252	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	42-93
28177558-6	2017	Biochemical analyses of cells subjected to TMEM16A inhibitors or expressing chloride-deficient forms of TMEM16A provide further evidence that TMEM16A channel function may play a role in regulating EGFR/HER2 signaling.	Chlorides	76-84	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	104-111
28177558-6	2017	Biochemical analyses of cells subjected to TMEM16A inhibitors or expressing chloride-deficient forms of TMEM16A provide further evidence that TMEM16A channel function may play a role in regulating EGFR/HER2 signaling.	Chlorides	76-84	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	104-111
28177558-6	2017	Biochemical analyses of cells subjected to TMEM16A inhibitors or expressing chloride-deficient forms of TMEM16A provide further evidence that TMEM16A channel function may play a role in regulating EGFR/HER2 signaling.	Chlorides	76-84	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	197-201
28177558-6	2017	Biochemical analyses of cells subjected to TMEM16A inhibitors or expressing chloride-deficient forms of TMEM16A provide further evidence that TMEM16A channel function may play a role in regulating EGFR/HER2 signaling.	Chlorides	76-84	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	202-206
28554723-5	2017	The disease is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene which encodes the CFTR protein, a protein kinase A-activated ATP-gated anion channel that regulates the transport of electrolytes such as chloride and bicarbonate.	Chlorides	244-252	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	95-99
28554723-5	2017	The disease is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene which encodes the CFTR protein, a protein kinase A-activated ATP-gated anion channel that regulates the transport of electrolytes such as chloride and bicarbonate.	Chlorides	244-252	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	124-128
28620305-0	2017	Comparative Effects of Chloride Channel Inhibitors on LRRC8/VRAC-Mediated Chloride Conductance.	Chlorides	23-31	leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit A	Homo sapiens	54-59
28620305-3	2017	Recently, members of the LRRC8 family have been shown to be essential for generating the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) current, a chloride conductance that governs the regulatory volume decrease (RVD) process.	Chlorides	138-146	leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit A	Homo sapiens	25-30
28620305-11	2017	All inhibitors tested except CFTRinh-172 inhibited VRAC/LRRC8-mediated chloride conductance and cellular volume changes during hypotonic challenge.	Chlorides	71-79	leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit A	Homo sapiens	56-61
28496181-1	2017	Intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl-]i) in pancreatic beta-cells is kept above electrochemical equilibrium due to the predominant functional presence of Cl- loaders such as the Na+K+2Cl- co-transporter 1 (Slc12a2) over Cl-extruders of unidentified nature.	Chlorides	14-22	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	211-218
28450542-0	2017	Neuronal Chloride Regulation via KCC2 Is Modulated through a GABAB Receptor Protein Complex.	Chlorides	9-17	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	33-37
28450542-3	2017	Here we report that GABAB receptors can physically associate with the potassium-chloride cotransporter protein, KCC2, which sets the driving force for the chloride-permeable ionotropic GABAA receptor in mature neurons.	Chlorides	80-88	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	112-116
28450542-8	2017	This association is significant because KCC2 sets the intracellular chloride concentration found in mature neurons and thereby establishes the driving force for the chloride-permeable GABAAR.	Chlorides	68-76	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	40-44
28450542-8	2017	This association is significant because KCC2 sets the intracellular chloride concentration found in mature neurons and thereby establishes the driving force for the chloride-permeable GABAAR.	Chlorides	165-173	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	40-44
28450542-9	2017	We demonstrate that GABABR activation can regulate KCC2 at the cell surface in a manner that alters intracellular chloride and the reversal potential for the GABAAR.	Chlorides	114-122	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	51-55
28282582-7	2017	The presence of chloride significantly enhanced nitrite-induced catalase inhibition, in agreement with earlier observations.	Chlorides	16-24	catalase	Homo sapiens	64-72
28553230-0	2017	The LRRC8A Mediated "Swell Activated" Chloride Conductance Is Dispensable for Vacuolar Homeostasis in Neutrophils.	Chlorides	38-46	leucine rich repeat containing 8A VRAC subunit A	Mus musculus	4-10
27876591-2	2017	CFTR is an anion channel that conducts bicarbonate and chloride across cell membranes.	Chlorides	55-63	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
28375546-3	2017	This transformation is catalyzed by strong acids in the presence of bromide or chloride salts and proceeds through simple SN 2 and elimination reactions.	Chlorides	79-93	solute carrier family 38 member 5	Homo sapiens	122-126
27876591-4	2017	This is of interest because CFTR expression has been reported in both the peripheral and central nervous systems, and it is well known that the transport of anions, such as chloride, greatly modulates neuronal excitability.	Chlorides	173-181	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	28-32
28396392-7	2017	This study predicts that many lakes will exceed the aquatic life threshold criterion for chronic chloride exposure (230 mg L-1), stipulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in the next 50 y if current trends continue.	Chlorides	97-105	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	123-126
28451854-6	2017	One study showed that the increase in intracellular chloride was provoked by a decrease in the expression of the chloride exporter KCC2 mediated by local secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and activation of TrkB receptors.	Chlorides	52-60	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	131-135
28451854-6	2017	One study showed that the increase in intracellular chloride was provoked by a decrease in the expression of the chloride exporter KCC2 mediated by local secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and activation of TrkB receptors.	Chlorides	52-60	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	167-200
29358899-7	2017	In vitro experiments using model peptides, in-solution oxidation, and click chemistry demonstrated that hypochlorous acid produced by the myeloperoxidase - hydrogen peroxide - chloride system could be responsible for these and other, more commonly observed modifications.	Chlorides	176-184	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	138-153
28450899-2	2017	The former are NSP4-dependent, induce calcium-dependent chloride secretion and involve oxidative stress.	Chlorides	56-64	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	15-19
28529784-2	2017	Both chloride ligands are bridging, one being mu3- and the other mu2-bridging.	Chlorides	5-13	adaptor related protein complex 1 subunit mu 2	Homo sapiens	65-68
28422190-2	2017	Prestin"s voltage sensitivity is influenced by intracellular chloride.	Chlorides	61-69	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	0-7
28422190-6	2017	Prestin has been modeled, based on structural data from related anion transporters (SLC26Dg and UraA), to have a 7 + 7 inverted repeat structure with anion transport initiated by chloride binding at the intracellular cleft.	Chlorides	179-187	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	0-7
28422190-11	2017	We suggest that prestin itself is the main regulator of intracellular chloride concentration via a route distinct from its transporter pathway.	Chlorides	70-78	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	16-23
28649446-3	2017	Toward this goal, we adapted a fluorescence plate reader assay of apical CFTR-mediated chloride conductance to enable profiling of a panel of modulators on primary nasal epithelial cultures derived from patients bearing different CFTR mutations.	Chlorides	87-95	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	73-77
28235805-1	2017	Synaptic inhibition depends on a transmembrane gradient of chloride, which is set by the neuron-specific K+-Cl- co-transporter KCC2.	Chlorides	59-67	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	127-131
28068001-1	2017	RATIONALE: Ivacaftor, a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) potentiator, decreases sweat chloride concentration, and improves pulmonary function in 6% of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with specific CFTR mutations.	Chlorides	112-120	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	77-81
28122735-0	2017	Effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on CFTR chloride secretion and the host immune response.	Chlorides	42-50	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	37-41
28213519-1	2017	The GABA transporter GAT-1 mediates electrogenic transport of its substrate together with sodium and chloride.	Chlorides	101-109	solute carrier family 6 member 1	Homo sapiens	21-26
28333147-1	2017	Solute carrier family 12 member 5 (SLC12A5), an integral membrane KCl cotransporter, which maintains chloride homeostasis in neurons, is aberrantly expressed and involved in the tumorigenesis of certain cancers.	Chlorides	101-109	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	0-33
28333147-1	2017	Solute carrier family 12 member 5 (SLC12A5), an integral membrane KCl cotransporter, which maintains chloride homeostasis in neurons, is aberrantly expressed and involved in the tumorigenesis of certain cancers.	Chlorides	101-109	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	35-42
28648509-5	2017	Pendrin has affinity for chloride, iodide, and bicarbonate, among other anions.	Chlorides	25-33	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
28772667-0	2017	Hybrid Coatings Enriched with Tetraethoxysilane for Corrosion Mitigation of Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel in Chloride Contaminated Simulated Concrete Pore Solutions.	Chlorides	104-112	DIP	Homo sapiens	80-83
28115520-1	2017	Neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) catalyzes the H2O2-dependent oxidation of chloride anion to generate hypochlorous acid, a potent antimicrobial agent.	Chlorides	75-89	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	11-26
28115520-1	2017	Neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) catalyzes the H2O2-dependent oxidation of chloride anion to generate hypochlorous acid, a potent antimicrobial agent.	Chlorides	75-89	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	28-31
28057537-3	2017	Na+-K+-2Cl- co-transporter 1 (NKCC1) and K+-Cl- co-transporter 2 (KCC2) generally dictate the tone of GABA/glycine inhibition by regulating intracellular chloride concentrations.	Chlorides	154-162	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-28
28057537-3	2017	Na+-K+-2Cl- co-transporter 1 (NKCC1) and K+-Cl- co-transporter 2 (KCC2) generally dictate the tone of GABA/glycine inhibition by regulating intracellular chloride concentrations.	Chlorides	154-162	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	30-35
28057537-3	2017	Na+-K+-2Cl- co-transporter 1 (NKCC1) and K+-Cl- co-transporter 2 (KCC2) generally dictate the tone of GABA/glycine inhibition by regulating intracellular chloride concentrations.	Chlorides	154-162	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	41-64
28057537-3	2017	Na+-K+-2Cl- co-transporter 1 (NKCC1) and K+-Cl- co-transporter 2 (KCC2) generally dictate the tone of GABA/glycine inhibition by regulating intracellular chloride concentrations.	Chlorides	154-162	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	66-70
28337033-2	2017	GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission is affected by modifications in intracellular chloride concentrations regulated by Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and neuronal K+-Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2), allowing entrance and efflux of chloride, respectively.	Chlorides	85-93	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	122-149
28337033-2	2017	GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission is affected by modifications in intracellular chloride concentrations regulated by Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and neuronal K+-Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2), allowing entrance and efflux of chloride, respectively.	Chlorides	85-93	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	151-156
28337033-2	2017	GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission is affected by modifications in intracellular chloride concentrations regulated by Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and neuronal K+-Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2), allowing entrance and efflux of chloride, respectively.	Chlorides	85-93	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	195-199
28337033-2	2017	GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission is affected by modifications in intracellular chloride concentrations regulated by Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and neuronal K+-Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2), allowing entrance and efflux of chloride, respectively.	Chlorides	234-242	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	122-149
28337033-2	2017	GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission is affected by modifications in intracellular chloride concentrations regulated by Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and neuronal K+-Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2), allowing entrance and efflux of chloride, respectively.	Chlorides	234-242	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	151-156
28337033-2	2017	GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission is affected by modifications in intracellular chloride concentrations regulated by Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and neuronal K+-Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2), allowing entrance and efflux of chloride, respectively.	Chlorides	234-242	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	171-193
28242698-1	2017	Cystic fibrosis results from mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel, leading to defective apical chloride transport.	Chlorides	105-113	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	46-97
28242698-1	2017	Cystic fibrosis results from mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel, leading to defective apical chloride transport.	Chlorides	105-113	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	99-103
28242698-7	2017	Together, these data provide insights into how loss of active CFTR at the membrane can have additional consequences besides impaired chloride transport.	Chlorides	133-141	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	62-66
28202726-3	2017	We report that two tonoplast Detoxification efflux carrier (DTX)/Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (MATE) transporters, DTX33 and DTX35, function as chloride channels essential for turgor regulation in Arabidopsis Ectopic expression of each transporter in Nicotiana benthamiana mesophyll cells elicited a large voltage-dependent inward chloride current across the tonoplast, showing that DTX33 and DTX35 each constitute a functional channel.	Chlorides	154-162	detoxifying efflux carrier 35	Arabidopsis thaliana	135-140
28202726-3	2017	We report that two tonoplast Detoxification efflux carrier (DTX)/Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (MATE) transporters, DTX33 and DTX35, function as chloride channels essential for turgor regulation in Arabidopsis Ectopic expression of each transporter in Nicotiana benthamiana mesophyll cells elicited a large voltage-dependent inward chloride current across the tonoplast, showing that DTX33 and DTX35 each constitute a functional channel.	Chlorides	154-162	detoxifying efflux carrier 35	Arabidopsis thaliana	403-408
28648509-6	2017	In the inner ear, pendrin functions as a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger that is essential for maintaining the composition and the potential of the endolymph.	Chlorides	41-49	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	18-25
28648509-12	2017	In the kidney, pendrin is involved in bicarbonate secretion and chloride reabsorption.	Chlorides	64-72	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Homo sapiens	15-22
27898524-5	2017	Greater uromodulin excretion is associated with markers of volume overload such as fractional excretion of uric acid, sodium and chloride, indicating a possible role in salt and water retention.	Chlorides	129-137	uromodulin	Homo sapiens	8-18
28056449-8	2017	In addition, Cl2 showed high reactivity (106-107 M-1s-1) in the presence of chloride, compared with HOCl (kAMP+, HOCl = (5.73 +- 0.23) x 102 M-1s-1, kAMP0, HOCl = (9.68 +- 0.96) x 102 M-1s-1).	Chlorides	76-84	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	13-16
28056449-10	2017	The significance of Cl2 was noticeable in water containing chloride.	Chlorides	59-67	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	20-23
27779763-1	2017	KEY POINTS: The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which is defective in the genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF), forms a gated pathway for chloride movement regulated by intracellular ATP.	Chlorides	166-174	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	16-67
28122116-0	2017	Chloride goes through TMEM16A channels with permission from Ca2+ and encouragement from protons.	Chlorides	0-8	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	22-29
27998718-0	2017	CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation of GluN2B regulates recombinant NMDA receptor currents in a chloride-dependent manner.	Chlorides	92-100	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	0-6
27998718-0	2017	CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation of GluN2B regulates recombinant NMDA receptor currents in a chloride-dependent manner.	Chlorides	92-100	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Homo sapiens	35-41
27998718-5	2017	CaMKIIalpha co-expression or infusion of constitutively active CaMKII limits the extent of desensitization and preserves current amplitude with repeated stimulation of recombinant GluN1A/GluN2B when examined using low intracellular chloride (Cl-) levels, characteristic of neurons beyond the first postnatal week.	Chlorides	232-240	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	0-6
28087074-7	2017	Chloride concentrations were highest (average=83.9mgL-1) with the greatest frequency of acutely toxic conditions (i.e. 860mgL-1) mid-watershed.	Chlorides	0-8	LLGL scribble cell polarity complex component 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
28299616-9	2017	SGLT-2 inhibitors decrease proximal tubular sodium and chloride reabsorption, leading to a reset of the tubuloglomerular feedback.	Chlorides	55-63	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-6
27859335-1	2017	KEY POINTS: The calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A provides a pathway for chloride ion movements that are key in preventing polyspermy, allowing fluid secretion, controlling blood pressure, and enabling gastrointestinal activity.	Chlorides	34-42	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	51-58
27859335-7	2017	These findings are critical for understanding physiological and pathological processes that involve changes in pH and chloride flux via TMEM16A.	Chlorides	118-126	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	136-143
28275112-9	2017	Plasma membrane chloride conductance is altered in the absence of CLIC1, but not in a way that would be expected to block superoxide production.	Chlorides	16-24	chloride intracellular channel 1	Mus musculus	66-71
27075937-4	2017	It was found that chloride and bromide in concentration above 80 mM and thiocyanate in concentration above 20 muM enhance catalase inhibition by nitrite and the nitroso compounds more than 100 times.	Chlorides	18-26	catalase	Homo sapiens	122-130
27075937-9	2017	It is probable that a comparatively low chloride concentration in many cells is the main factor to protect catalase from inhibition by nitrite and nitroso compounds.	Chlorides	40-48	catalase	Homo sapiens	107-115
27977146-1	2017	In this study, we have shown that substitution of chloride ligand for imidazole (Im) ring in the cyclometalated platinum complex Pt(phpy)(PPh3)Cl (1; phpy, 2-phenylpyridine; PPh3, triphenylphosphine), which is nonemissive in solution, switches on phosphorescence of the resulting compound.	Chlorides	50-58	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	138-142
27977146-1	2017	In this study, we have shown that substitution of chloride ligand for imidazole (Im) ring in the cyclometalated platinum complex Pt(phpy)(PPh3)Cl (1; phpy, 2-phenylpyridine; PPh3, triphenylphosphine), which is nonemissive in solution, switches on phosphorescence of the resulting compound.	Chlorides	50-58	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	174-178
27779763-1	2017	KEY POINTS: The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which is defective in the genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF), forms a gated pathway for chloride movement regulated by intracellular ATP.	Chlorides	166-174	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	69-73
28099811-5	2017	The most potent compound, 12, fully activated CFTR chloride conductance with EC50   30 nM, without causing cAMP or calcium elevation.	Chlorides	51-59	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	46-50
28208580-7	2017	Interestingly, Twist2 gene expression was elevated following injury in both young and aged rats, and Twist2 protein expression is elevated by mercuric chloride in vitro.	Chlorides	151-159	twist family bHLH transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	101-107
28243920-0	2017	Involvement of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 in the Regulation of Selective Excretion of Sodium or Chloride Ions by the Kidneys.	Chlorides	93-101	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	15-38
20301428-8	1993	DIAGNOSIS/TESTING: The diagnosis of CF is established in a proband with one or more characteristic phenotypic features and evidence of an abnormality in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function (e.g., 2 elevated sweat chloride values, biallelic CFTR pathogenic variants, or transepithelial nasal potential difference measurement characteristic of CF).	Chlorides	245-253	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	153-204
20301428-8	1993	DIAGNOSIS/TESTING: The diagnosis of CF is established in a proband with one or more characteristic phenotypic features and evidence of an abnormality in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function (e.g., 2 elevated sweat chloride values, biallelic CFTR pathogenic variants, or transepithelial nasal potential difference measurement characteristic of CF).	Chlorides	245-253	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	206-210
28074534-7	2017	RESULTS: Blockade of NKCC1 after SE with the specific inhibitor bumetanide restored NKCC1 and KCC2 expression, normalized chloride homeostasis, and significantly reduced the glutamatergic rMF sprouting within the dentate gyrus.	Chlorides	122-130	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	21-26
28243920-3	2017	After intraperitoneal administration of 2.5% NaCl, GLP-1 mimetic exenatide accelerated natriuresis and urinary chloride excretion.	Chlorides	111-119	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	51-56
28243920-5	2017	These findings suggest that GLP-1 participates in selective regulation of the balance of sodium and chloride ions.	Chlorides	100-108	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	28-33
27461359-14	2017	This correlation is assumed to be due to involvement of myeloperoxidase which catalyzes the formation of hypochlorite (-OCl) from chloride and hydrogen peroxide.	Chlorides	130-138	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	56-71
27888566-2	2017	We found that GPR30 is expressed in the epithelium of the immature rat epididymis and is involved in chloride secretion into the caudal epididymis lumen.	Chlorides	101-109	G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-19
27859594-3	2017	We found Bergmann glial [Cl- ]int to be controlled by two opposing transport processes: chloride is actively accumulated by the Na+ -K+ -2Cl- cotransporter NKCC1, and chloride efflux through anion channels associated with excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) reduces [Cl- ]int to values that vary upon changes in expression levels or activity of these channels.	Chlorides	88-96	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	156-161
27692565-3	2017	Previous studies suggest blocking epidermal growth factor receptor may cause excess chloride secretion, resulting in diarrhea.	Chlorides	84-92	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	34-66
27871064-3	2017	We previously reported that the benzopyrimido-pyrrolo-oxazinedione (R)-BPO-27 inhibits CFTR chloride conductance with low-nanomolar potency.	Chlorides	92-100	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	87-91
27871064-5	2017	(R)-BPO-27 fully blocked CFTR chloride conductance in epithelial cell cultures and intestine after cAMP agonists, cholera toxin, or heat-stable enterotoxin of E. coli (STa toxin), with IC50 down to ~5 nM.	Chlorides	30-38	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	25-29
27109168-7	2017	The activity of apoptosis executioner caspase-3 was significantly increased in the SeT of WT rats treated with 250 muM of TBHP or 10 muM of Cd, an effect not seen in Tg-RGN animals.	Chlorides	140-142	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	38-47
27903222-9	2017	Prior to high-salt diet, a reduction in the fractional sodium and chloride excretion was observed in rats given the AAV9-ELA vector.	Chlorides	66-74	apelin receptor early endogenous ligand	Homo sapiens	121-124
27771434-7	2017	The rate of GSTZ1 inactivation by DCA is influenced by age, GSTZ1 haplotype and cellular concentrations of chloride.	Chlorides	107-115	glutathione S-transferase zeta 1	Homo sapiens	12-17
27991797-3	2017	In this work a comprehensive application of the FMO approach in combination with a second order of Moller-Plesset perturbation theory method, MP2, is presented for multiscale clusters of ionic liquids such as [C1mim]X, [C1mpyr]X, [C2py]X, and [NMe4]X, where X = chloride and tetrafluoroborates, BF4-, with the clusters varying in size from 4, 8, 16, to 32 ion pairs.	Chlorides	262-270	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	142-145
28004932-7	2017	The MP2 ALMO-EDA is applied to study the origin of substituent effects in anion-pi interactions between chloride and benzene and mono- through hexafluorobenzene.	Chlorides	104-112	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	4-7
27813226-3	2017	Treatment of 1 with PPh3 induces an intramolecular transfer of a chloride ligand from gold to antimony to form the zwitterionic species o-(Cl3 Sb)C6 H4 (Ph2 P)Au(PPh3 ) (3).	Chlorides	65-73	protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	20-24
27813226-3	2017	Treatment of 1 with PPh3 induces an intramolecular transfer of a chloride ligand from gold to antimony to form the zwitterionic species o-(Cl3 Sb)C6 H4 (Ph2 P)Au(PPh3 ) (3).	Chlorides	65-73	protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	162-166
28293832-6	2017	Does ANO1 exhibits chloride-independent functions in cancer cells?	Chlorides	19-27	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	5-9
27816115-9	2017	Chloride change correlated with weight change (rho 0.18, p = 0.001), cystatin C change (rho -0.35, p &lt;0.001), and cumulative sodium excretion (rho -0.21, p &lt;0.001) but was not associated with any clinical outcomes (p &gt;0.05 for all).	Chlorides	0-8	cystatin C	Homo sapiens	69-79
28045581-10	2017	We hypothesize that these vacuolar chloride channel proteins might be PP2A-C5"s substrates in vivo, and the action of PP2A-C5 on these channel proteins could increase or activate their activities, thereby result in accumulation of the chloride and sodium contents in vacuoles, leading to increased salt tolerance in plants.	Chlorides	35-43	serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A	Arabidopsis thaliana	70-74
28045581-10	2017	We hypothesize that these vacuolar chloride channel proteins might be PP2A-C5"s substrates in vivo, and the action of PP2A-C5 on these channel proteins could increase or activate their activities, thereby result in accumulation of the chloride and sodium contents in vacuoles, leading to increased salt tolerance in plants.	Chlorides	35-43	serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A	Arabidopsis thaliana	118-122
28143398-0	2017	A noninvasive optical approach for assessing chloride extrusion activity of the K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 in neuronal cells.	Chlorides	45-53	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	99-103
28143398-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) are indispensable for maintaining chloride homeostasis in multiple cell types, but K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 is the only CCC member with an exclusively neuronal expression in mammals.	Chlorides	19-27	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	152-156
28143398-4	2017	RESULTS: We revised current methods to develop a noninvasive optical approach for assessing KCC2 transport activity using a previously characterized genetically encoded chloride sensor.	Chlorides	169-177	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	92-96
28143398-5	2017	Our protocol directly assesses dynamics of KCC2-mediated chloride efflux and allows measuring genuine KCC2 activity with good spatial and temporal resolution.	Chlorides	57-65	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	43-47
27284010-4	2017	First, mechanisms that intrinsically regulate chloride secretion, centred on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr), are discussed.	Chlorides	46-54	epidermal growth factor receptor	Sturnus vulgaris	81-113
27284010-4	2017	First, mechanisms that intrinsically regulate chloride secretion, centred on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr), are discussed.	Chlorides	46-54	epidermal growth factor receptor	Sturnus vulgaris	115-119
27699454-3	2017	If allowed to leave the ER, CFTR is modified at the Golgi and reaches the post-Golgi compartments to be delivered to the plasma membrane where it functions as a cAMP- and phosphorylation-regulated chloride/bicarbonate channel.	Chlorides	197-205	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	28-32
27699454-6	2017	Regulation of CFTR biogenesis and traffic (and its dysregulation by mutations, such as the most common F508del) determine its overall activity and thus contribute to the fine modulation of chloride secretion and hydration of epithelial surfaces.	Chlorides	189-197	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	14-18
27704174-2	2017	CFTR-mediated chloride and bicarbonate secretion play an important role in the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems.	Chlorides	14-22	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
27335120-2	2017	Chloride uptake from the urinary fluid is mediated by various apical transporters, whereas basolateral chloride exit is thought to be mediated by ClC-Ka/K1 and ClC-Kb/K2, two chloride channels from the ClC family, or by KCl cotransporters from the SLC12 gene family.	Chlorides	103-111	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive Kb	Mus musculus	160-166
27940219-13	2017	Knock-down of Ano2 by siRNA decreased both the Ca2+ dependent chloride conductance and protein expression of Ano2.	Chlorides	62-70	anoctamin 2	Mus musculus	14-18
27940219-15	2017	The siRNA knock-down suggests that Ano2 contributes to Ca2+-dependent chloride conductance in the RPE.	Chlorides	70-78	anoctamin 2	Mus musculus	35-39
28125837-2	2017	Regulation of TM cell volume depends on chloride ion (Cl-) release through swelling-activated channels (ICl,Swell), whose pore is formed by LRRC8 proteins.	Chlorides	40-48	leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit A	Homo sapiens	140-145
27993072-5	2016	Our findings indicate that chlorination rates at pH &lt; 6 increase substantially when chloride is present, attributed to the formation of Cl2.	Chlorides	87-95	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	139-142
27773592-7	2017	Thus, sweat chloride level changes in response to potentiation of the CFTR protein by ivacaftor appear to be a predictive pharmacodynamic biomarker of lung function changes on a population basis but are unsuitable for the prediction of treatment benefits for individuals.	Chlorides	12-20	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	70-74
28122427-3	2017	Familial hyperekplexia has a heterogeneous genetic background with several identified causative genes; it demonstrates both dominant and recessive inheritance in the alpha1 subunit of the glycine receptor (GLRA1), the beta subunit of the glycine receptor and the presynaptic sodium and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2 genes.	Chlorides	286-294	glycine receptor alpha 1	Homo sapiens	206-211
27928847-7	2017	S100B and mercury content levels were significantly elevated in rats maternally exposed to methylmercury chloride, compared with the unexposed control, while co-feeding with methylmercury chloride and zinc sulfate significantly reduced S100B and mercury levels in the placenta.	Chlorides	105-113	S100 calcium binding protein B	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
27928847-7	2017	S100B and mercury content levels were significantly elevated in rats maternally exposed to methylmercury chloride, compared with the unexposed control, while co-feeding with methylmercury chloride and zinc sulfate significantly reduced S100B and mercury levels in the placenta.	Chlorides	188-196	S100 calcium binding protein B	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
27928847-7	2017	S100B and mercury content levels were significantly elevated in rats maternally exposed to methylmercury chloride, compared with the unexposed control, while co-feeding with methylmercury chloride and zinc sulfate significantly reduced S100B and mercury levels in the placenta.	Chlorides	188-196	S100 calcium binding protein B	Rattus norvegicus	236-241
27878608-9	2017	In the distal tubules, claudin-4 and -8 form paracellular chloride pathway to facilitate electrogenic sodium reabsorption.	Chlorides	58-66	claudin 4	Homo sapiens	23-39
27878608-10	2017	Aldosterone, WNK4, Cap1, and KLHL3 are powerful regulators of claudin and the paracellular chloride permeability.	Chlorides	91-99	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Homo sapiens	13-17
27878608-10	2017	Aldosterone, WNK4, Cap1, and KLHL3 are powerful regulators of claudin and the paracellular chloride permeability.	Chlorides	91-99	cyclase associated actin cytoskeleton regulatory protein 1	Homo sapiens	19-23
27878608-10	2017	Aldosterone, WNK4, Cap1, and KLHL3 are powerful regulators of claudin and the paracellular chloride permeability.	Chlorides	91-99	kelch like family member 3	Homo sapiens	29-34
28750403-7	2017	Sodium and chloride excretion increased in HCTZ-treated pendrin KO mice, but they remained unchanged in WT or NCC KO mice.	Chlorides	11-19	solute carrier family 26, member 4	Mus musculus	56-63
27993072-8	2016	Even traces of chloride can generate sufficient Cl2 to influence chlorination kinetics, highlighting the role of chloride as a catalyst in chlorination reactions.	Chlorides	15-23	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	48-51
27993072-8	2016	Even traces of chloride can generate sufficient Cl2 to influence chlorination kinetics, highlighting the role of chloride as a catalyst in chlorination reactions.	Chlorides	113-121	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	48-51
27681177-7	2016	Functional studies of transfected SLC26A6 demonstrated that glycosylation at two sites in the putative second extracellular loop of SLC26A6 is critically important for chloride-dependent oxalate transport and that enzymatic deglycosylation of SLC26A6 expressed on the plasma membrane of intact cells strongly reduced oxalate transport activity.	Chlorides	168-176	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	34-41
27258095-9	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Variation in the CFTR gene is the predominant cause of sweat chloride variation; most of the non-CFTR variation is caused by testing variability and unique environmental factors.	Chlorides	74-82	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	30-34
27258095-10	2016	If test precision and accuracy can be improved, sweat chloride measurement could be a valuable biomarker for assessing response to therapies directed at mutant CFTR.	Chlorides	54-62	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	160-164
27681177-7	2016	Functional studies of transfected SLC26A6 demonstrated that glycosylation at two sites in the putative second extracellular loop of SLC26A6 is critically important for chloride-dependent oxalate transport and that enzymatic deglycosylation of SLC26A6 expressed on the plasma membrane of intact cells strongly reduced oxalate transport activity.	Chlorides	168-176	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	132-139
27681177-7	2016	Functional studies of transfected SLC26A6 demonstrated that glycosylation at two sites in the putative second extracellular loop of SLC26A6 is critically important for chloride-dependent oxalate transport and that enzymatic deglycosylation of SLC26A6 expressed on the plasma membrane of intact cells strongly reduced oxalate transport activity.	Chlorides	168-176	solute carrier family 26 member 6	Homo sapiens	132-139
27717649-7	2016	In conclusion, the search for antibody in CSF and also CSF chloride can represent as an adjunct in the diagnosis of TBM.	Chlorides	59-67	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	55-58
28231894-1	2016	Since the discovery of chloride secretion by the Cystic Fibrosis Transport regulator CFTR in 1983, and CFTR gene in 1989, knowledge about CFTR synthesis, maturation, intracellular transfer and function has dramatically expanded.	Chlorides	23-31	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	85-89
27653983-0	2016	Functional and molecular identification of a TASK-1 potassium channel regulating chloride secretion through CFTR channels in the shark rectal gland: implications for cystic fibrosis.	Chlorides	81-89	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	108-112
27653983-1	2016	In the shark rectal gland (SRG), apical chloride secretion through CFTR channels is electrically coupled to a basolateral K+ conductance whose type and molecular identity are unknown.	Chlorides	40-48	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	67-71
27701922-1	2016	Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a major component of neutrophils, catalyzes the production of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from hydrogen peroxide and chloride anion.	Chlorides	137-151	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	0-15
27701922-1	2016	Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a major component of neutrophils, catalyzes the production of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from hydrogen peroxide and chloride anion.	Chlorides	137-151	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	17-20
27881775-2	2016	Our model contains Hodgkin-Huxley-type ion currents, a recently discovered voltage-gated chloride flux through the ion exchanger SLC26A11, active KCC2-mediated chloride extrusion, and ATP-dependent pumps.	Chlorides	89-97	solute carrier family 26 member 11	Homo sapiens	129-137
28208841-7	2016	Cystic Fibrosis Trans Membrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) mutation status was recorded in case of patients with borderline sweat chloride levels to correlate the results and for follow-up.	Chlorides	131-139	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	54-58
28035220-2	2016	Neutrophils are the predominant white blood cells in circulation when stimulated; they discharge the abundant myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme that uses hydrogen peroxide to oxidize chloride for killing ingested bacteria.	Chlorides	178-186	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	110-125
28035220-2	2016	Neutrophils are the predominant white blood cells in circulation when stimulated; they discharge the abundant myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme that uses hydrogen peroxide to oxidize chloride for killing ingested bacteria.	Chlorides	178-186	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	127-130
27565965-5	2016	Knockdown of P2Y2R in renal collecting duct cells inhibited calcium-dependent chloride secretion in Ussing chamber analyses.	Chlorides	78-86	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Homo sapiens	13-18
27881775-2	2016	Our model contains Hodgkin-Huxley-type ion currents, a recently discovered voltage-gated chloride flux through the ion exchanger SLC26A11, active KCC2-mediated chloride extrusion, and ATP-dependent pumps.	Chlorides	160-168	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	146-150
27805813-4	2016	The reverse Halex reaction of fluoropyridines with chloride sources was demonstrated using precipitation of LiF in DMSO as a driving force.	Chlorides	51-59	LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine	Homo sapiens	108-111
27583671-5	2016	CRMS/CFSPID infants are at risk of developing CFTR-related disorder or atypical CF, with clinical features of CF but normal or intermediate sweat chloride values.	Chlorides	146-154	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	46-50
27861612-11	2016	By contrast, the majority of CLIC1 did not aggregate on the cell membrane in normal HUVECs, and this finding is consistent with the changes in cytoplasmic chloride ion concentration.	Chlorides	155-163	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	29-34
27852771-3	2016	KCC2 regulates intraneuronal chloride and extracellular potassium levels by extruding both ions.	Chlorides	29-37	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	0-4
27852771-4	2016	Absence of effective KCC2 may alter the dynamics of chloride and potassium levels during repeated activation of GABAergic synapses due to interneuron activity.	Chlorides	52-60	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	21-25
27852771-9	2016	The pyramidal cell model explicitly incorporated the cotransporter KCC2 and its effects on the internal/external chloride and potassium levels.	Chlorides	113-121	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	67-71
27852771-10	2016	Our network model suggested the loss of KCC2 in a critical number of pyramidal cells increased external potassium and intracellular chloride concentrations leading to seizure-like field potential oscillations.	Chlorides	132-140	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	40-44
27664542-5	2016	The formation of three volatile DBPs (NCl3, CHCl3 and CNCHCl2) was observed to be linearly correlated with chloride concentration, both in bench experiments and in actual swimming pool water samples.	Chlorides	107-115	calpain 5	Homo sapiens	38-42
27734607-4	2016	The symmetrical ILC chlorides bearing the same alkyl chain at both the ester and ether but either an acyclic or cyclic guanidinium group displayed enantiotropic SmA2 mesophases with phase widths of 31-88 K irrespective of the head group.	Chlorides	20-29	survival of motor neuron 1, telomeric	Homo sapiens	161-165
27734607-5	2016	It was particularly the replacement of chloride in the acyclic guanidinium ILC by hexafluorophosphate that induced a phase change from SmA2 to Colr .	Chlorides	39-47	survival of motor neuron 1, telomeric	Homo sapiens	135-139
27709735-6	2016	The octulene-chloride interaction is stabilized by eight weak C(sp2 )H   Cl bonds, providing the first example of a hydrocarbon-based anion receptor.	Chlorides	13-21	Sp2 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	62-67
27721237-5	2016	In Orai1K14Cre mice, abolishment of SOCE was associated with impaired chloride secretion by primary murine sweat glands.	Chlorides	70-78	ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1	Mus musculus	3-14
27104944-4	2016	METHODS: Two independent screens, firefly luciferase and CFTR-mediated transepithelial chloride conductance assay, were performed on a library of 1,600 clinically approved compounds using fisher rat thyroid cells stably transfected with stop codons.	Chlorides	87-95	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
27721237-6	2016	In human sweat gland cells, SOCE mediated by ORAI1 was necessary for agonist-induced chloride secretion and activation of the Ca2+-activated chloride channel (CaCC) anoctamin 1 (ANO1, also known as TMEM16A).	Chlorides	85-93	ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1	Homo sapiens	45-50
27721237-8	2016	Our findings demonstrate that Ca2+ influx via store-operated CRAC channels is essential for CaCC activation, chloride secretion, and sweat production in humans and mice.	Chlorides	109-117	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	30-33
27550942-12	2016	Increased carbachol-induced chloride secretion was seen in irinotecan-treated wild-type and Tlr4-/- mice at 24 hours (wild-type: 100.35 +- 18.37 muA/cm2; P = 0.022; Tlr4-/-: 102.72 +- 18.80 muA/cm2; P = 0.023).	Chlorides	28-36	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	92-96
27784314-9	2016	For the subset of 169 patients with CF and two CFTR mutations Class I, II and/or III, in comparative analysis, there was a positive association with: (i) sweat chloride/sodium ratio (p &lt; 0.001), (ii) sweat chloride values (p = 0.047), (iii) subject"s age at the time of the ST grouped by numerical order (p = 0.001).	Chlorides	160-168	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	47-51
27984169-2	2016	The chloride conductance is large enough for EAAT5 to serve as an "inhibitory" glutamate receptor.	Chlorides	4-12	solute carrier family 1 member 7	Homo sapiens	45-50
27786259-3	2016	At the functional level, we find that IL-4 enhances calcium- and cAMP-activated chloride/bicarbonate secretion, resulting in high bicarbonate concentration and alkaline pH in the fluid covering the apical surface of epithelia.	Chlorides	80-88	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	38-42
27784314-9	2016	For the subset of 169 patients with CF and two CFTR mutations Class I, II and/or III, in comparative analysis, there was a positive association with: (i) sweat chloride/sodium ratio (p &lt; 0.001), (ii) sweat chloride values (p = 0.047), (iii) subject"s age at the time of the ST grouped by numerical order (p = 0.001).	Chlorides	209-217	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	47-51
27760895-0	2016	Endophilin A2 Influences Volume-Regulated Chloride Current by Mediating ClC-3 Trafficking in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.	Chlorides	42-50	SH3-domain GRB2-like 1	Mus musculus	0-13
27599528-3	2016	On the other hand, the proximal tubular fluid, constituted with low chloride concentration because of SGLT2 inhibition, is transferred to the loop of Henle.	Chlorides	68-76	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	102-107
27760895-2	2016	However, it is still not clear whether and how ClC-3 is transported to cell membranes, resulting in alteration ofICl.vol.Methods and Results:Volume-regulated chloride current (ICl.vol) was recorded by whole-cell patch clamp recording, and Western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation were performed to examine protein expression and protein-protein interaction.	Chlorides	158-166	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 3	Mus musculus	47-52
27513374-10	2016	These findings support a mechanism of tumor-associated epilepsy involving downregulation of KCC2 in the peritumoral region leading to compromised GABAergic inhibition and suggest that modulating chloride homeostasis may be useful for seizure control.	Chlorides	195-203	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	92-96
27717045-4	2016	In the case of the C2-H tetrabenzoimidazolium-resorcinarene, the recognition region of the inorganic anions and hexanoate was located at the rim of the cavitand, although chloride and bromide also interacted with the aromatic C-H bonds located between adjacent arms of the cavitand.	Chlorides	171-179	regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 1	Homo sapiens	141-144
27784486-0	2016	[Novel SLC26A3 mutation in an infant with congenital chloride-losing diarrhea initially misdiagnosed as Bartter"s syndrome].	Chlorides	53-61	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	7-14
27530912-3	2016	CF is therefore the result from the loss of CFTR chloride transport function and its consequences, including a chronic and excessive c-Src signaling.	Chlorides	49-57	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	44-48
27443630-7	2016	In addition, we showed that the expression of the transporter NKCC1, which load neurons with chloride, was increased, whereas KCC2, a chloride extruder, was decreased and that HPDs were suppressed by injection of blockers of NKCC1.	Chlorides	93-101	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	62-67
27443630-7	2016	In addition, we showed that the expression of the transporter NKCC1, which load neurons with chloride, was increased, whereas KCC2, a chloride extruder, was decreased and that HPDs were suppressed by injection of blockers of NKCC1.	Chlorides	93-101	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	225-230
27002180-6	2016	In recent years, it has also become apparent that intra-neuronal chloride concentration is partially regulated by cation-chloride co-transporters (CCCs), in particular NKCC1 and KCC2.	Chlorides	65-73	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	168-173
27443630-7	2016	In addition, we showed that the expression of the transporter NKCC1, which load neurons with chloride, was increased, whereas KCC2, a chloride extruder, was decreased and that HPDs were suppressed by injection of blockers of NKCC1.	Chlorides	134-142	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	126-130
27443630-7	2016	In addition, we showed that the expression of the transporter NKCC1, which load neurons with chloride, was increased, whereas KCC2, a chloride extruder, was decreased and that HPDs were suppressed by injection of blockers of NKCC1.	Chlorides	134-142	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	225-230
27627089-4	2016	The changes of the total water volume (CTV) and ABB may be presented at the same time in the values of the difference and ratio between serum concentrations of natrium and chlorides (SNa+ - SCl-; SNa+/SCl-).	Chlorides	172-181	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	183-186
27626070-2	2016	In epithelial cells, KCNE3 regulates the function of the KCNQ1 potassium ion (K(+)) channel to enable K(+) recycling coupled to transepithelial chloride ion (Cl(-)) secretion, a physiologically critical cellular transport process in various organs and whose malfunction causes diseases, such as cystic fibrosis (CF), cholera, and pulmonary edema.	Chlorides	144-152	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E regulatory subunit 3	Homo sapiens	21-26
27626070-2	2016	In epithelial cells, KCNE3 regulates the function of the KCNQ1 potassium ion (K(+)) channel to enable K(+) recycling coupled to transepithelial chloride ion (Cl(-)) secretion, a physiologically critical cellular transport process in various organs and whose malfunction causes diseases, such as cystic fibrosis (CF), cholera, and pulmonary edema.	Chlorides	144-152	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1	Homo sapiens	57-62
27164161-7	2016	At the same time, coordination of chloride lowers both the charge of the Rh(I) node and the reduction potential of the Rh(II/I) couple, to the extent that electronic quenching of the antenna excited state is possible via photoinduced electron transfer from the metal center.	Chlorides	34-42	Rh blood group D antigen	Homo sapiens	119-126
27002180-6	2016	In recent years, it has also become apparent that intra-neuronal chloride concentration is partially regulated by cation-chloride co-transporters (CCCs), in particular NKCC1 and KCC2.	Chlorides	65-73	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	178-182
26427846-2	2016	The potassium-chloride cotransporter-2 (KCC2) is the main chloride extruder in neurons and hence will play a prominent role in determining the polarity of GABAA receptor-mediated chloride currents.	Chlorides	14-22	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	40-44
26427846-2	2016	The potassium-chloride cotransporter-2 (KCC2) is the main chloride extruder in neurons and hence will play a prominent role in determining the polarity of GABAA receptor-mediated chloride currents.	Chlorides	58-66	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	40-44
27206969-7	2016	Interestingly, genetic inactivation of beta3-AR in mice was associated with significantly increased urine excretion of water, sodium, potassium, and chloride.	Chlorides	149-157	adrenergic receptor, beta 3	Mus musculus	39-47
27322883-5	2016	Recent studies have shown that WNK4 is regulated by the intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl]i), which could account for these paradoxical results.	Chlorides	70-78	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Homo sapiens	31-35
27343172-1	2016	Human myeloperoxidase (MPO) uses chloride and thiocyanate as physiological substrates at neutral pH.	Chlorides	33-41	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	6-21
27343172-1	2016	Human myeloperoxidase (MPO) uses chloride and thiocyanate as physiological substrates at neutral pH.	Chlorides	33-41	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	23-26
26874684-2	2016	The CFTR gene product is a multidomain adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) protein that functions as a chloride (Cl(-)) channel that is regulated by intracellular magnesium [Mg(2+)]i.	Chlorides	113-121	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-8
27490784-5	2016	The claudin-4 mediated chloride permeability can be regulated by a protease endogenously expressed by the collecting duct cell - channel-activating protease 1.	Chlorides	23-31	claudin 4	Homo sapiens	4-13
27490784-5	2016	The claudin-4 mediated chloride permeability can be regulated by a protease endogenously expressed by the collecting duct cell - channel-activating protease 1.	Chlorides	23-31	serine protease 8	Homo sapiens	129-158
27271977-8	2016	Immunohistochemical expression of Bax was strongly positive in the Cd group and decreased in the treated group.	Chlorides	67-69	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
27515948-10	2016	Gal-9 was inversely significantly correlated with chloride levels in both SM and UM cases (r s = -0.73 and r s = -0.46, respectively).	Chlorides	50-58	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	0-5
27562561-8	2016	Chloride flow was higher in PC10/2 than in PC18 subjects (25.9 vs 14.3 mmol/L blood; p &lt; 0.05).	Chlorides	0-8	polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel	Homo sapiens	28-34
27397895-0	2016	Silent S-Type Anion Channel Subunit SLAH1 Gates SLAH3 Open for Chloride Root-to-Shoot Translocation.	Chlorides	63-71	SLAC1 homologue 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	36-41
27397895-0	2016	Silent S-Type Anion Channel Subunit SLAH1 Gates SLAH3 Open for Chloride Root-to-Shoot Translocation.	Chlorides	63-71	SLAC1 homologue 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	48-53
27397895-8	2016	Under high soil salinity, AtSLAH1 expression markedly declined and the chloride content of the xylem sap in AtSLAH1 loss-of-function mutants was half of the wild-type level only.	Chlorides	71-79	SLAC1 homologue 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	108-115
27397895-11	2016	Apparently, SLAH1/SLAH3 heteromerization facilitates SLAH3-mediated chloride efflux from pericycle cells into the root xylem vessels.	Chlorides	68-76	SLAC1 homologue 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	12-17
27397895-11	2016	Apparently, SLAH1/SLAH3 heteromerization facilitates SLAH3-mediated chloride efflux from pericycle cells into the root xylem vessels.	Chlorides	68-76	SLAC1 homologue 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	18-23
27397895-11	2016	Apparently, SLAH1/SLAH3 heteromerization facilitates SLAH3-mediated chloride efflux from pericycle cells into the root xylem vessels.	Chlorides	68-76	SLAC1 homologue 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	53-58
27325695-6	2016	Importantly, charge reversal at the first position also reduced the iodide &gt; chloride permeability of ICl,vol This change in selectivity was stronger when both the obligatory LRRC8A subunit and the other co-expressed isoform (LRR8C or -E) carried such mutations.	Chlorides	80-88	leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit A	Homo sapiens	178-184
27459105-6	2016	Subsequently, a one-electron transfer leads to the formation of the Co(II) -Cl product, from which the chloride and the dehalogenated product can be released from the active site.	Chlorides	103-111	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	68-74
26751771-2	2016	In the gastrointestinal (GI) tract CFTR promotes chloride and bicarbonate secretion, playing an essential role in ion and acid-base homeostasis.	Chlorides	49-57	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	35-39
27491544-1	2016	CF is caused by mutations of the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) which is an anion selective transmembrane ion channel that mainly regulates chloride transport, expressed in the epithelia of various organs.	Chlorides	186-194	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	51-102
27491544-1	2016	CF is caused by mutations of the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) which is an anion selective transmembrane ion channel that mainly regulates chloride transport, expressed in the epithelia of various organs.	Chlorides	186-194	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	104-108
27340232-4	2016	Artificial microRNA knockdown mutants of AtSLAH1 had significantly reduced shoot Cl(-) accumulation when grown under low Cl(-), whereas shoot Cl(-) increased and the shoot nitrate/chloride ratio decreased following AtSLAH1 constitutive or stelar-specific overexpression when grown in high Cl(-) In both sets of overexpression lines a significant reduction in shoot biomass over the null segregants was observed under high Cl(-) supply, but not low Cl(-) supply.	Chlorides	180-188	SLAC1 homologue 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	41-48
26637435-0	2016	Congenital Chloride Diarrhea - Novel Mutation in SLC26A3 Gene.	Chlorides	11-19	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	49-56
27312592-0	2016	A single amino-acid substitution toggles chloride dependence of the alpha-amylase paralog amyrel in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila virilis species.	Chlorides	41-49	Amylase proximal	Drosophila melanogaster	68-81
27312592-0	2016	A single amino-acid substitution toggles chloride dependence of the alpha-amylase paralog amyrel in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila virilis species.	Chlorides	41-49	amyrel	Drosophila melanogaster	90-96
27312592-7	2016	We have investigated basic enzymological parameters and the dependence to chloride of Amyrel of both species, produced in yeast, and in mutants substituting arginine to glutamine or glutamine to arginine.	Chlorides	74-82	amyrel	Drosophila melanogaster	86-92
27312592-8	2016	We found that the amylolytic activity of Amyrel is about thirty times weaker than the classical Drosophila alpha-amylase, and that the substitution of the arginine by a glutamine in D. melanogaster suppressed the chloride-dependence but was detrimental to activity.	Chlorides	213-221	amyrel	Drosophila melanogaster	41-47
27312592-10	2016	These results show that the chloride ion is not mandatory for Amyrel but stimulates the reaction rate.	Chlorides	28-36	amyrel	Drosophila melanogaster	62-68
27507113-6	2016	Plasma renin concentration correlated with serum chloride (r=-0.46; P&lt;0.001) with no incremental contribution from serum sodium (P=0.49).	Chlorides	49-57	renin	Homo sapiens	7-12
27507113-9	2016	In the interventional pilot, lysine chloride supplementation was associated with an increase in serum chloride levels of 2.2+-2.3 mmol/L, and the majority of participants experienced findings such as hemoconcentration, weight loss, reduction in amino terminal, pro B-type natriuretic peptide, increased plasma renin activity, and increased blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio.	Chlorides	36-44	renin	Homo sapiens	310-315
27340232-5	2016	Further in planta data showed AtSLAH3 overexpression increased the shoot nitrate/chloride ratio, consistent with AtSLAH3 favouring nitrate transport.	Chlorides	81-89	SLAC1 homologue 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	30-37
27239784-3	2016	These cells are responsible for chloride absorption (NCC) and secretion (NKCC), respectively, thus, the switch of gill NCC and NKCC expression is a crucial regulatory mechanism for salinity adaptation in tilapia.	Chlorides	32-40	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	53-56
25994218-9	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Dominant gain-of-function GUCY2C mutations lead to elevated intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels and could explain the chronic diarrhoea as a result of decreased intestinal sodium and water absorption and increased chloride secretion.	Chlorides	243-251	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	39-45
27239784-3	2016	These cells are responsible for chloride absorption (NCC) and secretion (NKCC), respectively, thus, the switch of gill NCC and NKCC expression is a crucial regulatory mechanism for salinity adaptation in tilapia.	Chlorides	32-40	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	119-122
27504114-7	2016	The result indicates that GmCLC1 and GEF1 exerted similar effects on alleviating the stress of diverse chloride salts on the yeast gef1 mutant.	Chlorides	103-117	Gef1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	37-41
27451945-1	2016	It was shown in this study that knockdown of ClC-3 expression by ClC-3 siRNA prevented the activation of hypotonicity-induced chloride currents, and arrested cells at the G0/G1 phase in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells.	Chlorides	126-134	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	45-50
27451945-1	2016	It was shown in this study that knockdown of ClC-3 expression by ClC-3 siRNA prevented the activation of hypotonicity-induced chloride currents, and arrested cells at the G0/G1 phase in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells.	Chlorides	126-134	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	65-70
26789642-6	2016	CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the presence of impaired chloride conductance in both DM1 and DM2.	Chlorides	61-69	DM1 protein kinase	Homo sapiens	90-93
26789642-6	2016	CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the presence of impaired chloride conductance in both DM1 and DM2.	Chlorides	61-69	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-14 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	98-101
27125215-2	2016	We report here the functional characterization of human SLC26A1, a 4,4"-diisothiocyanato-2,2"-stilbenedisulfonic acid (DIDS)-sensitive, electroneutral sodium-independent anion exchanger transporting sulfate, oxalate, bicarbonate, thiosulfate, and (with divergent properties) chloride.	Chlorides	275-283	solute carrier family 26 member 1	Homo sapiens	56-63
27125215-4	2016	SLC26A1-mediated transport of sulfate and oxalate is highly dependent on allosteric activation by extracellular chloride or non-substrate anions.	Chlorides	112-120	solute carrier family 26 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
27125215-5	2016	Extracellular chloride stimulates apparent V max of human SLC26A1-mediated sulfate uptake by conferring a 2-log decrease in sensitivity to inhibition by extracellular protons, without changing transporter affinity for extracellular sulfate.	Chlorides	14-22	solute carrier family 26 member 1	Homo sapiens	58-65
27125215-6	2016	In contrast to SLC26A1-mediated sulfate transport, SLC26A1-associated chloride transport is activated by acid pHo, shows reduced sensitivity to DIDS, and exhibits cation dependence of its DIDS-insensitive component.	Chlorides	70-78	solute carrier family 26 member 1	Homo sapiens	51-58
25614581-9	2016	These results demonstrate the ability of MPO/H2O2/chloride ion system to oxidize DBAN to CN- and provide insight for the elucidation of DBAN chronic toxicity.	Chlorides	50-58	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	41-44
27525866-3	2016	Compared with the normal controls (C57BL/6J mice) bearing the wild-type KCNQ1 gene, J343 mice bearing KCNQ1 A340E demonstrated a much higher 24-h intake of electrolytes (potassium, sodium, and chloride).	Chlorides	193-201	potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily Q, member 1	Mus musculus	102-107
27504114-7	2016	The result indicates that GmCLC1 and GEF1 exerted similar effects on alleviating the stress of diverse chloride salts on the yeast gef1 mutant.	Chlorides	103-117	Gef1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	131-135
27226582-1	2016	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR, ABCC7), mutations of which cause cystic fibrosis, belongs to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family and works as a channel for small anions, such as chloride and bicarbonate.	Chlorides	223-231	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-55
27226610-7	2016	However, we consider this unlikely as the depleted chloride gradient should also lead to pain sensitization and to a hyperekplexia phenotype that correlates with mutation severity, neither of which is observed in patients with GLRA1 hyperekplexia mutations.	Chlorides	51-59	glycine receptor alpha 1	Homo sapiens	227-232
27445142-7	2016	Like the EAAT1(P&gt;R) mutation, the chloride-extruding K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter KccB also caused astroglial malformation and paralysis, supporting the idea that the EAAT1(P&gt;R) mutation causes abnormal chloride flow from CNS glia.	Chlorides	37-45	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Drosophila melanogaster	9-14
27445142-7	2016	Like the EAAT1(P&gt;R) mutation, the chloride-extruding K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter KccB also caused astroglial malformation and paralysis, supporting the idea that the EAAT1(P&gt;R) mutation causes abnormal chloride flow from CNS glia.	Chlorides	37-45	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Drosophila melanogaster	166-171
27445142-8	2016	In contrast, the Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter Ncc69, which normally allows chloride into cells, rescued the effects of the EAAT1(P&gt;R) mutation.	Chlorides	77-85	sodium chloride cotransporter 69	Drosophila melanogaster	48-53
27445142-8	2016	In contrast, the Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter Ncc69, which normally allows chloride into cells, rescued the effects of the EAAT1(P&gt;R) mutation.	Chlorides	77-85	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Drosophila melanogaster	125-130
27025229-5	2016	During the recovery period rSNA was critically driven by chloride-mediated membrane depolarization instead of nicotinic NT.	Chlorides	57-65	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-31
27088539-2	2016	A new series of chloride-bridged dinuclear rhodium(III) complexes 1 were synthesized from the rhodium(I) precursor [RhCl(cod)]2 , chiral diphosphine ligands, and hydrochloric acid.	Chlorides	16-24	COD2	Homo sapiens	116-127
27226582-1	2016	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR, ABCC7), mutations of which cause cystic fibrosis, belongs to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family and works as a channel for small anions, such as chloride and bicarbonate.	Chlorides	223-231	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	57-61
27226582-1	2016	The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR, ABCC7), mutations of which cause cystic fibrosis, belongs to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family and works as a channel for small anions, such as chloride and bicarbonate.	Chlorides	223-231	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	63-68
27122539-7	2016	The downregulation of Kir4.1 in the DCT reduced basolateral chloride (Cl(-)) conductance, suppressed the expression of ste20 proline-alanine-rich kinase (SPAK), and decreased Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC) expression and activity.	Chlorides	60-68	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 10	Homo sapiens	22-28
27170636-1	2016	The K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporters (KCC1-KCC4) encompass a branch of the SLC12 family of electroneutral cation-coupled chloride cotransporters that translocate ions out of the cell to regulate various factors, including cell volume and intracellular chloride concentration, among others.	Chlorides	114-122	solute carrier family 12 member 4	Homo sapiens	31-35
27170636-1	2016	The K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporters (KCC1-KCC4) encompass a branch of the SLC12 family of electroneutral cation-coupled chloride cotransporters that translocate ions out of the cell to regulate various factors, including cell volume and intracellular chloride concentration, among others.	Chlorides	114-122	solute carrier family 12 member 7	Homo sapiens	36-40
27170636-2	2016	L-WNK1 is an ubiquitously expressed kinase that is activated in response to osmotic stress and intracellular chloride depletion, and it is implicated in two distinct hereditary syndromes: the renal disease pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII) and the neurological disease hereditary sensory neuropathy 2 (HSN2).	Chlorides	109-117	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	2-6
27229121-3	2016	How loss of Myo5b results in increased stool loss of chloride (Cl(-)) and sodium (Na(+)) is unknown.	Chlorides	53-61	myosin VB	Homo sapiens	12-17
27438543-6	2016	RESULTS: While basal activity of NKCC1 was undetectable, low cytosolic chloride (Cl-) level and hyperosmotic challenge (390 mOsm) were able to increase the activity of NKCC1.	Chlorides	71-79	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	168-173
27193166-0	2016	BESTROPHIN1 mutations cause defective chloride conductance in patient stem cell-derived RPE.	Chlorides	38-46	bestrophin 1	Homo sapiens	0-11
27193166-2	2016	BEST1 is presumed to assemble into a calcium-activated chloride channel and be involved in chloride transport but there is no direct evidence in live human RPE cells to support this idea.	Chlorides	55-63	bestrophin 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
26506510-2	2016	Among them the Na(+) -K(+) -2Cl(-) co-transporter (NKCC1) is responsible for intracellular chloride accumulation in most immature brain structures, whereas the K(+) -Cl(-) co-transporter (KCC2) extrudes chloride from mature neurons, ensuring chloride-mediated inhibitory effects of GABA/glycine.	Chlorides	91-99	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	51-56
26506510-2	2016	Among them the Na(+) -K(+) -2Cl(-) co-transporter (NKCC1) is responsible for intracellular chloride accumulation in most immature brain structures, whereas the K(+) -Cl(-) co-transporter (KCC2) extrudes chloride from mature neurons, ensuring chloride-mediated inhibitory effects of GABA/glycine.	Chlorides	91-99	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	188-192
26506510-2	2016	Among them the Na(+) -K(+) -2Cl(-) co-transporter (NKCC1) is responsible for intracellular chloride accumulation in most immature brain structures, whereas the K(+) -Cl(-) co-transporter (KCC2) extrudes chloride from mature neurons, ensuring chloride-mediated inhibitory effects of GABA/glycine.	Chlorides	203-211	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	51-56
26506510-2	2016	Among them the Na(+) -K(+) -2Cl(-) co-transporter (NKCC1) is responsible for intracellular chloride accumulation in most immature brain structures, whereas the K(+) -Cl(-) co-transporter (KCC2) extrudes chloride from mature neurons, ensuring chloride-mediated inhibitory effects of GABA/glycine.	Chlorides	203-211	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	51-56
27165822-6	2016	Cyclic AMP stimulates cell proliferation and activates intracystic CFTR-mediated chloride secretion in ADPKD.	Chlorides	81-89	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Canis lupus familiaris	67-71
27165822-7	2016	Treatment with tubacin downregulated cyclic AMP levels, inhibited cell proliferation, and inhibited cyclic AMP-activated CFTR chloride currents in MDCK cells.	Chlorides	126-134	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Canis lupus familiaris	121-125
27390771-6	2016	Our findings support an important role for SLC26A11 in moderating chloride homeostasis and neuronal activity in the cerebellum.	Chlorides	66-74	solute carrier family 26, member 11	Mus musculus	43-51
27063443-1	2016	Defective epithelial chloride secretion occurs in humans with cystic fibrosis (CF), a genetic defect due to loss of function of CFTR, a cAMP-activated chloride channel.	Chlorides	21-29	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	128-132
27063443-6	2016	Our aim was to assess the relative contribution of CFTR and TMEM16A to chloride secretion in adult mouse trachea.	Chlorides	71-79	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	51-55
27063443-6	2016	Our aim was to assess the relative contribution of CFTR and TMEM16A to chloride secretion in adult mouse trachea.	Chlorides	71-79	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	60-67
27063443-9	2016	In contrast, a CaCC inhibitor (CaCCinh-A01) strongly blocked the cAMP-activated current as well as the calcium-activated chloride secretion triggered by apical UTP.	Chlorides	121-129	chloride channel accessory 4B	Mus musculus	15-19
27063443-10	2016	Although control experiments revealed that CaCCinh-A01 also shows inhibitory activity on CFTR, our results indicate that transepithelial chloride secretion in adult mouse trachea is independent of CFTR and that another channel, possibly TMEM16A, performs both cAMP- and calcium-activated chloride transport.	Chlorides	288-296	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	237-244
27337272-1	2016	The intraneuronal chloride concentration ([Cl-]i) is paramount for determining the polarity of signaling at GABAA synapses in the central nervous system.	Chlorides	18-26	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	108-113
27276272-0	2016	Chloride Anions Regulate Kinetics but Not Voltage-Sensor Qmax of the Solute Carrier SLC26a5.	Chlorides	0-8	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	84-91
27063443-11	2016	The prevalent function of a non-CFTR channel may explain the absence of a defect in chloride transport in CF mice.	Chlorides	84-92	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	32-36
27276272-3	2016	The mechanical activity of the OHC imparted by prestin is driven by voltage and controlled by anions, chiefly intracellular chloride.	Chlorides	124-132	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	47-54
27276272-4	2016	Current opinion is that chloride anions control the Boltzmann characteristics of the voltage sensor responsible for prestin activity, including Qmax, the total sensor charge moved within the membrane, and Vh, a measure of prestin"s operating voltage range.	Chlorides	24-32	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	116-123
27276272-4	2016	Current opinion is that chloride anions control the Boltzmann characteristics of the voltage sensor responsible for prestin activity, including Qmax, the total sensor charge moved within the membrane, and Vh, a measure of prestin"s operating voltage range.	Chlorides	24-32	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	222-229
27276272-6	2016	Prestin"s slow transition rates and chloride-binding kinetics adversely influence these estimates, contributing to the prevalent concept that intracellular chloride level controls the quantity of sensor charge moved.	Chlorides	156-164	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	0-7
27276272-7	2016	By monitoring charge movement across frequency, using measures of multifrequency admittance, expanded displacement current integration, and OHC electromotility, we find that chloride influences prestin kinetics, thereby controlling charge magnitude at any particular frequency of interrogation.	Chlorides	174-182	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	194-201
26769712-0	2016	Down-Regulation of ClC-3 Expression Reduces Epidermal Stem Cell Migration by Inhibiting Volume-Activated Chloride Currents.	Chlorides	105-113	chloride voltage-gated channel 3	Homo sapiens	19-24
26850694-4	2016	The cellular concentration of chloride, an ion that influences the stability of GSTZ1 in the presence of DCA, was also found to be abnormal in tumors, with consistently higher concentrations in hepatocellular carcinoma than in surrounding non-tumor tissue.	Chlorides	30-38	glutathione S-transferase zeta 1	Homo sapiens	80-85
27376808-0	2016	Protein kinase C enhances the swelling-induced chloride current in human atrial myocytes.	Chlorides	47-55	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	0-16
27376808-6	2016	The PKC agonist phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu) enhanced ICl.swell in a concentration-dependent manner, which was reversed in isotonic solution and by a chloride current inhibitor, 9-anthracenecarboxylicacid.	Chlorides	147-155	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	4-7
27059961-0	2016	Formation of a Chloride-conducting State in the Maltose ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter.	Chlorides	15-23	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	56-94
27125276-8	2016	Taken together, the loss of DRA in the K8(-/-) mouse colon and cecum explains the dramatic chloride transport defect and diarrheal phenotype after K8 inactivation and identifies K8 as a novel regulator of DRA.	Chlorides	91-99	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	28-31
27125276-8	2016	Taken together, the loss of DRA in the K8(-/-) mouse colon and cecum explains the dramatic chloride transport defect and diarrheal phenotype after K8 inactivation and identifies K8 as a novel regulator of DRA.	Chlorides	91-99	solute carrier family 26, member 3	Mus musculus	205-208
26780567-3	2016	At the same time period of postnatal development, the transmembrane chloride gradient is changed due to increased expression of the potassium-chloride cotransporter (KCC2), thereby shifting the GABA- and glycine-mediated synaptic currents from mostly excitatory depolarization to inhibitory hyperpolarization.	Chlorides	68-76	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	166-170
27146408-4	2016	Importantly, treatment of CF cells with the small molecules VX-809 and 4,6,4"-trimethylangelicin, which act as "correctors" for F508del CFTR by rescuing the F508del CFTR-dependent chloride secretion, while having no effect per se on mitochondrial function in wt-CFTR cells, significantly improved all the above mitochondrial parameters towards values found in the airway cells expressing wt-CFTR.	Chlorides	180-188	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	136-140
27146408-4	2016	Importantly, treatment of CF cells with the small molecules VX-809 and 4,6,4"-trimethylangelicin, which act as "correctors" for F508del CFTR by rescuing the F508del CFTR-dependent chloride secretion, while having no effect per se on mitochondrial function in wt-CFTR cells, significantly improved all the above mitochondrial parameters towards values found in the airway cells expressing wt-CFTR.	Chlorides	180-188	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	165-169
27146408-4	2016	Importantly, treatment of CF cells with the small molecules VX-809 and 4,6,4"-trimethylangelicin, which act as "correctors" for F508del CFTR by rescuing the F508del CFTR-dependent chloride secretion, while having no effect per se on mitochondrial function in wt-CFTR cells, significantly improved all the above mitochondrial parameters towards values found in the airway cells expressing wt-CFTR.	Chlorides	180-188	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	165-169
27146408-4	2016	Importantly, treatment of CF cells with the small molecules VX-809 and 4,6,4"-trimethylangelicin, which act as "correctors" for F508del CFTR by rescuing the F508del CFTR-dependent chloride secretion, while having no effect per se on mitochondrial function in wt-CFTR cells, significantly improved all the above mitochondrial parameters towards values found in the airway cells expressing wt-CFTR.	Chlorides	180-188	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	165-169
26998586-3	2016	The conjugation of the Pd/L2 system and the water addition protocol can efficiently catalyze a broad range of electron-rich, -neutral, -deficient, and sterically hindered aryl chlorides and heteroaryl chlorides with excellent yields within three hours and the catalyst loading can be down to 0.05 mol % Pd for the first time.	Chlorides	176-185	programmed cell death 1 ligand 2	Homo sapiens	23-28
27184002-10	2016	Our simulations thus suggest that the N-domain is in a mixed form during ACE-catalyzed hydrolysis, with the single-chloride-ion and the double-chloride-ion forms existing simultaneously.	Chlorides	115-123	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	73-76
27184002-10	2016	Our simulations thus suggest that the N-domain is in a mixed form during ACE-catalyzed hydrolysis, with the single-chloride-ion and the double-chloride-ion forms existing simultaneously.	Chlorides	143-151	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	73-76
27188496-2	2016	In Ussing-chamber based short-circuit current measurements, this molecule elicited chloride-dependent short-circuit current (Isc) increase in both Calu-3 cell and CFBE41o-cell (with F508del mutant CFTR) monolayers.	Chlorides	83-91	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	197-201
27225762-2	2016	Blockade of GABAA receptors substantially reduced chloride concentration in granule cells due to block of tonic inhibition.	Chlorides	50-58	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	12-17
27225762-6	2016	GABA application revealed that PFs possess at least two types of GABAA receptor: one high-affinity receptor that is activated by ambient GABA and causes a chloride influx that mediates tonic inhibition, and a second with a low affinity for GABA that causes a chloride efflux that excites PFs.	Chlorides	155-163	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	65-70
27225762-6	2016	GABA application revealed that PFs possess at least two types of GABAA receptor: one high-affinity receptor that is activated by ambient GABA and causes a chloride influx that mediates tonic inhibition, and a second with a low affinity for GABA that causes a chloride efflux that excites PFs.	Chlorides	259-267	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	65-70
27216258-0	2016	Extracellular chloride signals collagen IV network assembly during basement membrane formation.	Chlorides	14-22	Collagen type IV alpha 1	Drosophila melanogaster	31-42
26911677-0	2016	Loss of carbonic anhydrase XII function in individuals with elevated sweat chloride concentration and pulmonary airway disease.	Chlorides	75-83	carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens	8-30
26911677-3	2016	Exome sequencing of a white American adult diagnosed with CF due to elevated sweat chloride, recurrent hyponatremia, infantile FTT and lung disease identified deleterious variants in each CA12 gene: c.908-1 G&gt;A in a splice acceptor and a novel frameshift insertion c.859_860insACCT.	Chlorides	83-91	carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens	188-192
26911677-8	2016	Studies of ion transport across respiratory epithelial cells in vivo and in culture revealed intact CFTR-mediated chloride transport in the adult proband.	Chlorides	114-122	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	100-104
26911677-9	2016	CA XII protein bearing either p.His121Gln or a previously identified p.Glu143Lys missense variant localized to the basolateral membranes of polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, but enzyme activity was severely diminished when assayed at physiologic concentrations of extracellular chloride.	Chlorides	294-302	carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens	0-6
26980271-3	2016	The results reveal that Cyt-c could not stably adsorb onto the surface even at a relatively high ionic strength when chloride ions were added, while phosphate ions could promote its adsorption.	Chlorides	117-125	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	24-29
27127798-6	2016	RESULTS: Several classes of novel CFTR activators were identified, one of which, the phenylquinoxalinone CFTRact-J027, fully activated CFTR chloride conductance with EC50 ~ 200 nM, without causing elevation of cytoplasmic cAMP.	Chlorides	140-148	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	34-38
27127798-6	2016	RESULTS: Several classes of novel CFTR activators were identified, one of which, the phenylquinoxalinone CFTRact-J027, fully activated CFTR chloride conductance with EC50 ~ 200 nM, without causing elevation of cytoplasmic cAMP.	Chlorides	140-148	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	105-109
27183948-1	2016	Neonatal Bartter syndrome (NBS) is an autosomal recessive renal tubulopathy characterized by hypokalaemic, hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis associated with increased urinary loss of sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride.	Chlorides	215-223	nibrin	Homo sapiens	27-30
27143075-3	2016	RESULT: One of the two newly diagnosed cystic fibrosis cases was a 10-year old girl who suffered from reccurent cough with expectoration and associated with cirrhosis.Sweat tests showed increased chloride twice with the lower level of 306.82 mmol/L.The other was an 8-month old boy with reccurent pneumonia from neonate, failure to thrive and fatty diarrhea.Two children had various degrees of bronchiectasis and massive sticky secretion on the bronchoscopy.They had no family history and their parents had no consanguineous marriage.CFTR mutations of c. 595C&gt;T and c. 2290C&gt;T were found in gene tests.On the database, twenty-one reports involving thirty-six Chinese patients (16 males and 20 females) were retrieved.Together with this group of 2 cases, a total of 38 cases were involved.The age at diagnosis was 4 months to 28 years with a median age of 10 years.All patients had reccurent respiratory infections, twenty-seven cases (71%) had malnutrition, fifteen (39%)had chronic diarrhea, and 16 cases (42%) had other digestive manifestations, including jaundice (4 cases), hepatomegaly (11 cases), ascites (2 cases) and pancreatic atrophy (3 cases).	Chlorides	196-204	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	534-538
26659082-0	2016	Cytoplasmic pathway followed by chloride ions to enter the CFTR channel pore.	Chlorides	32-40	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	59-63
26991533-2	2016	CLC-K chloride channels and their accessory subunit barttin play a pivotal role in kidney by controlling chloride and water absorption.	Chlorides	6-14	cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
27049939-1	2016	The serotonin transporter (SERT) terminates serotonergic signalling through the sodium- and chloride-dependent reuptake of neurotransmitter into presynaptic neurons.	Chlorides	92-100	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	4-25
27049939-1	2016	The serotonin transporter (SERT) terminates serotonergic signalling through the sodium- and chloride-dependent reuptake of neurotransmitter into presynaptic neurons.	Chlorides	92-100	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
26980271-8	2016	Further analysis shows that chloride ions have no significant tendency to aggregate near the NH2-SAM surface and cannot shield the electrostatic repulsion between Cyt-c and the surface, while the phosphate ions can easily adsorb onto the surface and bind specifically to certain lysine residues of Cyt-c, which mediate its adsorption.	Chlorides	28-36	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	163-168
27073622-7	2016	Whole-cell patch clamping showed that the osteoblast volume-sensitive chloride current was larger in the stimulated group compared to the control group, suggesting that elevated ClC-3 chloride channel expression results in an increased volume-sensitive chloride current.	Chlorides	70-78	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 3	Mus musculus	178-183
27158673-7	2016	RESULTS: Ivacaftor rapidly restored CFTR function, indicated by reduced sweat chloride concentration.	Chlorides	78-86	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	36-40
27073622-7	2016	Whole-cell patch clamping showed that the osteoblast volume-sensitive chloride current was larger in the stimulated group compared to the control group, suggesting that elevated ClC-3 chloride channel expression results in an increased volume-sensitive chloride current.	Chlorides	184-192	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 3	Mus musculus	178-183
26895204-3	2016	Recombinant AAV vectors were designed to deliver the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene and correct the basic CFTR defect by restoring chloride transport and reverting the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines.	Chlorides	139-147	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	53-79
26895204-3	2016	Recombinant AAV vectors were designed to deliver the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene and correct the basic CFTR defect by restoring chloride transport and reverting the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines.	Chlorides	139-147	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	81-85
26895204-3	2016	Recombinant AAV vectors were designed to deliver the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene and correct the basic CFTR defect by restoring chloride transport and reverting the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines.	Chlorides	139-147	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	114-118
26955761-7	2016	Furthermore, it was found that 100 nM Ang II evoked a chloride current in cultured BASMCs with a basal 100-nM intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) level.	Chlorides	54-62	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	38-44
27007848-4	2016	Neuronal inhibition via the same stimuli is achieved by mutating the TRPV1 pore, rendering the channel chloride-permeable.	Chlorides	103-111	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	69-74
27333657-3	2016	TRPV1 was found to interact with a calcium-activated chloride channel, anoctamin1 (ANO1), and calcium ions entering the primary sensory neurons activated ANO1, leading to chloride efflux which resulted in further depolarization.	Chlorides	53-61	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	0-5
27333657-3	2016	TRPV1 was found to interact with a calcium-activated chloride channel, anoctamin1 (ANO1), and calcium ions entering the primary sensory neurons activated ANO1, leading to chloride efflux which resulted in further depolarization.	Chlorides	53-61	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	83-87
27333657-3	2016	TRPV1 was found to interact with a calcium-activated chloride channel, anoctamin1 (ANO1), and calcium ions entering the primary sensory neurons activated ANO1, leading to chloride efflux which resulted in further depolarization.	Chlorides	53-61	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	154-158
26556649-6	2016	These results suggest a physiological function of AtCLCg in the chloride homeostasis during NaCl stress.	Chlorides	64-72	Voltage-gated chloride channel family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	50-56
26556649-10	2016	Altogether these results demonstrate that both AtCLCc and AtCLCg are important for tolerance to excess chloride but not redundant, and form part of a regulatory network controlling chloride sensitivity.	Chlorides	103-111	chloride channel C	Arabidopsis thaliana	47-53
26556649-10	2016	Altogether these results demonstrate that both AtCLCc and AtCLCg are important for tolerance to excess chloride but not redundant, and form part of a regulatory network controlling chloride sensitivity.	Chlorides	103-111	Voltage-gated chloride channel family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	58-64
26556649-10	2016	Altogether these results demonstrate that both AtCLCc and AtCLCg are important for tolerance to excess chloride but not redundant, and form part of a regulatory network controlling chloride sensitivity.	Chlorides	181-189	chloride channel C	Arabidopsis thaliana	47-53
26556649-10	2016	Altogether these results demonstrate that both AtCLCc and AtCLCg are important for tolerance to excess chloride but not redundant, and form part of a regulatory network controlling chloride sensitivity.	Chlorides	181-189	Voltage-gated chloride channel family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	58-64
26464215-4	2016	Compared with others, MOG-A showed higher peptide purity (99.2 %) and content (92.2 %) and presented a sheet shape with additional sodium and chloride chemical elements.	Chlorides	142-150	myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	22-25
27032980-1	2016	The serotonin transporter (SERT) is an integral membrane protein that exploits preexisting sodium-, chloride-, and potassium ion gradients to catalyze the thermodynamically unfavorable movement of synaptic serotonin into the presynaptic neuron.	Chlorides	100-108	Serotonin transporter	Drosophila melanogaster	4-25
27032980-1	2016	The serotonin transporter (SERT) is an integral membrane protein that exploits preexisting sodium-, chloride-, and potassium ion gradients to catalyze the thermodynamically unfavorable movement of synaptic serotonin into the presynaptic neuron.	Chlorides	100-108	Serotonin transporter	Drosophila melanogaster	27-31
26822161-2	2016	In the case of 1 and 2 reaction with two equivalents of BCl3 affording the corresponding cation via chloride abstraction.	Chlorides	100-108	BCL3 transcription coactivator	Homo sapiens	56-60
26982351-2	2016	MPO is known to generate hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chloride (Cl-).	Chlorides	131-139	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	0-3
26711895-5	2016	Accordingly, chloride current inhibition by 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoate (NPPB), a chloride channel blocker, suppresses cell movement by diminishing the osmotic cell volume regulation.	Chlorides	13-21	natriuretic peptide B	Homo sapiens	86-90
26711895-7	2016	TMZ-NPPB blocked chloride currents in U373MG, a severely invasive human glioma cell line, and suppressed migration and invasion of U373MG cells.	Chlorides	17-25	natriuretic peptide B	Homo sapiens	0-8
26823603-4	2016	Both the small molecules trimethylangelicin (TMA) and VX-809, which act as "correctors" for F508del CFTR by rescuing F508del-CFTR-dependent chloride secretion, also restore the apical expression of phosphorylated ezrin and actin organization and increase cAMP and activated PKA submembrane compartmentalization in both primary and secondary cystic fibrosis airway cells.	Chlorides	140-148	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	100-104
26823603-4	2016	Both the small molecules trimethylangelicin (TMA) and VX-809, which act as "correctors" for F508del CFTR by rescuing F508del-CFTR-dependent chloride secretion, also restore the apical expression of phosphorylated ezrin and actin organization and increase cAMP and activated PKA submembrane compartmentalization in both primary and secondary cystic fibrosis airway cells.	Chlorides	140-148	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	125-129
26966887-1	2016	Administration of the diuretic and NKCC1 chloride cotransporter antagonist bumetanide reduces the severity of autism spectrum disorders in children, and this effect is mediated by a reduction of the elevated intracellular chloride concentrations and a reinforcement of GABAergic inhibition (Lemonnier et al Transl Psychiatry.	Chlorides	41-49	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	35-40
26661654-4	2016	We confirmed that addition of 10(-8) M ANG II to the lumen inhibited mTAL chloride transport (220 +- 19 to 165 +- 25 pmol mm(-1) min(-1), P &lt; 0.01) and examined whether an interaction with basolateral norepinephrine existed to simulate the in vivo condition of an innervated tubule.	Chlorides	74-82	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	39-45
26635355-2	2016	Mutations in these genes cause a plethora of diseases such as diastrophic dysplasia affecting sulfate uptake into chondrocytes (SLC26A2), congenital chloride-losing diarrhoea (SLC26A3) affecting chloride secretion in the intestine and Pendred"s syndrome (SLC26A4) resulting in hearing loss.	Chlorides	195-203	solute carrier family 26 member 2	Homo sapiens	128-135
26635355-2	2016	Mutations in these genes cause a plethora of diseases such as diastrophic dysplasia affecting sulfate uptake into chondrocytes (SLC26A2), congenital chloride-losing diarrhoea (SLC26A3) affecting chloride secretion in the intestine and Pendred"s syndrome (SLC26A4) resulting in hearing loss.	Chlorides	195-203	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	176-183
27109987-5	2016	In the first posttransplant year, expression of NHE3 and DRA, which mediate NaCl absorption, was diminished to a greater degree than that of CFTR, which mediates chloride secretion.	Chlorides	162-170	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	48-52
27109987-5	2016	In the first posttransplant year, expression of NHE3 and DRA, which mediate NaCl absorption, was diminished to a greater degree than that of CFTR, which mediates chloride secretion.	Chlorides	162-170	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	57-60
27109987-5	2016	In the first posttransplant year, expression of NHE3 and DRA, which mediate NaCl absorption, was diminished to a greater degree than that of CFTR, which mediates chloride secretion.	Chlorides	162-170	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	141-145
26661654-0	2016	Luminal angiotensin II stimulates rat medullary thick ascending limb chloride transport in the presence of basolateral norepinephrine.	Chlorides	69-77	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	8-22
26874564-3	2016	On the other hand, the proximal tubular fluid, constituting with low chloride concentration because of SGLT2 inhibition, is transferred to the loop of Henle.	Chlorides	69-77	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	103-108
27013775-1	2016	Myeloperoxidase is an inflammatory enzyme that generates reactive hypochlorous acid in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and chloride ion.	Chlorides	125-133	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-15
26655825-2	2016	This transition is due to a developmental increase in the activity of neuronal potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2), which shifts the chloride equilibrium potential (ECl) to values more negative than the resting membrane potential.	Chlorides	89-97	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	115-119
26661654-5	2016	We found that in the presence of a 10(-6) M norepinephrine bath, luminal ANG II stimulated mTAL chloride transport from 298 +- 18 to 364 +- 42 pmol mm(-1) min(-1) (P &lt; 0.05).	Chlorides	96-104	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	73-79
26661654-6	2016	Stimulation of chloride transport by luminal ANG II was also observed with 10(-3) M bath dibutyryl cAMP in the bathing solution and bath isoproterenol.	Chlorides	15-23	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	45-51
26661654-8	2016	Bath phentolamine, an alpha-adrenergic agonist, also prevented the decrease in mTAL chloride transport by luminal ANG II.	Chlorides	84-92	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	114-120
26661654-9	2016	Thus luminal ANG II increases chloride transport with basolateral norepinephrine; an effect likely mediated by stimulation of cAMP.	Chlorides	30-38	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	13-19
26661654-10	2016	Alpha-1 adrenergic stimulation prevents the inhibition of chloride transport by luminal ANG II.	Chlorides	58-66	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	88-94
26777731-1	2016	The kinetics for thermal dissociations of the chloride adducts of the nitrate explosives 1,3-dinitroglycerin (1,3-NG), 1,2-dinitroglycerin (1,2-NG), the nitrite explosive 3,4-dinitrotoluene (3,4-DNT), and the explosive taggant 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMNB) have been studied by atmospheric pressure ion mobility spectrometry.	Chlorides	46-54	5', 3'-nucleotidase, cytosolic	Homo sapiens	195-198
26904077-0	2016	The Arabidopsis Thylakoid Chloride Channel AtCLCe Functions in Chloride Homeostasis and Regulation of Photosynthetic Electron Transport.	Chlorides	26-34	chloride channel E	Arabidopsis thaliana	43-49
26863533-7	2016	In addition, CP7q significantly potentiated chloride conductance of G551D-CFTR, a CFTR gating mutant; its maximal potentiation activity was 1.9 fold higher than the well-known CFTR potentiator genistein.	Chlorides	44-52	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	74-78
26863533-7	2016	In addition, CP7q significantly potentiated chloride conductance of G551D-CFTR, a CFTR gating mutant; its maximal potentiation activity was 1.9 fold higher than the well-known CFTR potentiator genistein.	Chlorides	44-52	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	82-86
26863533-7	2016	In addition, CP7q significantly potentiated chloride conductance of G551D-CFTR, a CFTR gating mutant; its maximal potentiation activity was 1.9 fold higher than the well-known CFTR potentiator genistein.	Chlorides	44-52	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	82-86
26509335-6	2016	A rescue in chloride and fluid secretion after rAAV-CFTRDeltaR treatment was assessed by forskolin-induced swelling in CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-deficient organoids and by nasal potential differences in DeltaF508 mice.	Chlorides	12-20	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	52-56
26855614-1	2016	BACKGROUND: The secreted goblet cell protein CLCA1 (chloride channel regulator, calcium-activated-1) is, in addition to its established role in epithelial chloride conductance regulation, thought to act as a multifunctional signaling protein, including cellular differentiation pathways and induction of mucus production.	Chlorides	52-60	chloride channel accessory 1	Mus musculus	45-50
26741366-1	2016	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, encoding a cAMP-activated chloride (Cl-) channel.	Chlorides	105-113	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	68-72
26732173-7	2016	Osmotic stress, as well as hypotonic low-chloride stimulation, increased WNK4 Ser575 phosphorylation via the p38MAPK-MK pathway.	Chlorides	41-49	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Homo sapiens	73-77
26869199-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Decreased cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated chloride (Cl) secretion across mucosal surfaces contributes to the development of airway disease by depleting airway surface liquid, increasing mucus viscosity and adhesion, and consequently hindering mucociliary clearance.	Chlorides	90-98	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	22-73
26869199-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Decreased cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated chloride (Cl) secretion across mucosal surfaces contributes to the development of airway disease by depleting airway surface liquid, increasing mucus viscosity and adhesion, and consequently hindering mucociliary clearance.	Chlorides	90-98	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	75-79
26858607-0	2015	Mild KCC2 Hypofunction Causes Inconspicuous Chloride Dysregulation that Degrades Neural Coding.	Chlorides	44-52	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	5-9
26542396-0	2016	Cellular chloride and bicarbonate retention alters intracellular pH regulation in Cftr KO crypt epithelium.	Chlorides	9-17	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	82-86
26483308-1	2016	Secretions of chloride (Cl(-))- and bicarbonate (HCO3(-))-rich fluid by the seminal vesicles could involve cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), which activity can be stimulated by cAMP generated from the reaction involving adenylate cyclase (AC).	Chlorides	14-22	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	107-146
26483308-1	2016	Secretions of chloride (Cl(-))- and bicarbonate (HCO3(-))-rich fluid by the seminal vesicles could involve cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), which activity can be stimulated by cAMP generated from the reaction involving adenylate cyclase (AC).	Chlorides	14-22	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Rattus norvegicus	148-152
26904715-1	2016	K(+)-Cl(-) co-transporter (KCC2) and Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) co-transporter (NKCC1) are the main regulators of neuronal intracellular chloride concentration; altered expression patterns of KCC2 and NKCC1 have been reported in several neurodegenerative diseases.	Chlorides	128-136	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	27-31
26904715-1	2016	K(+)-Cl(-) co-transporter (KCC2) and Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) co-transporter (NKCC1) are the main regulators of neuronal intracellular chloride concentration; altered expression patterns of KCC2 and NKCC1 have been reported in several neurodegenerative diseases.	Chlorides	128-136	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	71-76
26904715-1	2016	K(+)-Cl(-) co-transporter (KCC2) and Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) co-transporter (NKCC1) are the main regulators of neuronal intracellular chloride concentration; altered expression patterns of KCC2 and NKCC1 have been reported in several neurodegenerative diseases.	Chlorides	128-136	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	183-187
26904715-1	2016	K(+)-Cl(-) co-transporter (KCC2) and Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) co-transporter (NKCC1) are the main regulators of neuronal intracellular chloride concentration; altered expression patterns of KCC2 and NKCC1 have been reported in several neurodegenerative diseases.	Chlorides	128-136	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	192-197
26741366-8	2016	We identified the gene RPS27, which encodes the multifunctional ribosomal protein RPS27, also known as metallopanstimulin-1 (MPS-1), and the gene GLRX5, encoding glutaredoxin-related protein 5, as chloride-dependent genes.	Chlorides	197-205	ribosomal protein S27	Homo sapiens	23-28
26334260-11	2016	High glucose promotes calcium-activated chloride secretion via ANO1.	Chlorides	40-48	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	63-67
26074023-5	2016	Several PM2.5 chemical constituents, including negative ions (nitrate and chloride) and metals (e.g., iron and strontium), were consistently associated with increases in EC-SOD and GPX1.	Chlorides	74-82	superoxide dismutase 3	Homo sapiens	170-176
26074023-5	2016	Several PM2.5 chemical constituents, including negative ions (nitrate and chloride) and metals (e.g., iron and strontium), were consistently associated with increases in EC-SOD and GPX1.	Chlorides	74-82	glutathione peroxidase 1	Homo sapiens	181-185
26822885-1	2016	A potentiometric method for determination of chloride was validated against AOAC Standard Method Performance Requirement (SMPR( )) 2014.015.	Chlorides	45-53	mannose-6-phosphate receptor, cation dependent	Homo sapiens	122-126
26757306-2	2016	Bumetanide is a specific antagonist of the chloride importer NKCC1 (sodium/potassium/chloride cotransporter isoform 1) that ameliorates neuronal inhibition by reducing intracellular chloride levels in a variety of pathological conditions.	Chlorides	43-51	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	61-66
25967121-6	2016	Short-term cyclosporine administration in mice augmented the abundance of phospho-NKCC2, and treatment of isolated TAL with cyclosporine increased the chloride affinity and transport activity of NKCC2.	Chlorides	151-159	solute carrier family 12, member 1	Mus musculus	195-200
26687436-3	2015	In contrast to common logic, we used SERS intensity gradients of Rhodamine 6G to quantitatively calculate the concentration of chloride ions at specific positions on a microfluidic chip.	Chlorides	127-135	seryl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
26422504-6	2016	Kinase assay studies showed that chloride inhibits WNK4 kinase activity at lower concentrations than it inhibits activity of WNK1 or WNK3.	Chlorides	33-41	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Homo sapiens	51-55
26422504-6	2016	Kinase assay studies showed that chloride inhibits WNK4 kinase activity at lower concentrations than it inhibits activity of WNK1 or WNK3.	Chlorides	33-41	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	125-129
26422504-6	2016	Kinase assay studies showed that chloride inhibits WNK4 kinase activity at lower concentrations than it inhibits activity of WNK1 or WNK3.	Chlorides	33-41	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	133-137
26422504-7	2016	Also, chloride inhibited WNK4 within the range of distal cell chloride concentration.	Chlorides	6-14	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Homo sapiens	25-29
26422504-7	2016	Also, chloride inhibited WNK4 within the range of distal cell chloride concentration.	Chlorides	62-70	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Homo sapiens	25-29
26422504-8	2016	Mutation of a previously identified WNK chloride-binding motif converted WNK4 effects on SPAK from inhibitory to stimulatory in mammalian cells.	Chlorides	40-48	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Homo sapiens	73-77
26422504-8	2016	Mutation of a previously identified WNK chloride-binding motif converted WNK4 effects on SPAK from inhibitory to stimulatory in mammalian cells.	Chlorides	40-48	serine/threonine kinase 39	Homo sapiens	89-93
26422504-9	2016	Disruption of this motif in WNKs 1, 3, and 4 had different effects on NCC, consistent with the three WNKs having different chloride sensitivities.	Chlorides	123-131	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	70-73
26422504-10	2016	Thus, potassium effects on NCC are graded within the physiological range, which explains how unique chloride-sensing properties of WNK4 enable it to mediate effects of potassium on NCC in vivo.	Chlorides	100-108	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	27-30
26422504-10	2016	Thus, potassium effects on NCC are graded within the physiological range, which explains how unique chloride-sensing properties of WNK4 enable it to mediate effects of potassium on NCC in vivo.	Chlorides	100-108	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Homo sapiens	131-135
26422504-10	2016	Thus, potassium effects on NCC are graded within the physiological range, which explains how unique chloride-sensing properties of WNK4 enable it to mediate effects of potassium on NCC in vivo.	Chlorides	100-108	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	181-184
29143559-3	2016	KCC2 levels are developmentally regulated, and a postnatal upregulation of KCC2 generates a low intracellular chloride concentration that allows the neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine to exert inhibitory neurotransmission through its Cl- permeating channel.	Chlorides	110-118	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	75-79
26422504-0	2016	Unique chloride-sensing properties of WNK4 permit the distal nephron to modulate potassium homeostasis.	Chlorides	7-15	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4	Homo sapiens	38-42
26422504-3	2016	Recent data suggest that plasma potassium affects the distal nephron directly by influencing intracellular chloride, an inhibitor of the with-no-lysine kinase (WNK)-Ste20p-related proline- and alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) pathway.	Chlorides	107-115	serine/threonine kinase 39	Homo sapiens	214-218
26856995-1	2016	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an ion channel that conducts chloride and bicarbonate ions across epithelial cell membranes.	Chlorides	91-99	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-51
26856995-1	2016	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an ion channel that conducts chloride and bicarbonate ions across epithelial cell membranes.	Chlorides	91-99	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	53-57
26657333-5	2015	By using patch clamp electrophysiology, we showed that DP inhibited TMEM16A chloride currents in Fisher rat thyroid (FRT) cells that were transfected stably with human TMEM16A and in TMEM16A-overexpressed SW620 cells but did not alter cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride currents.	Chlorides	76-84	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	68-75
26643219-3	2015	SAR analysis indicated that chloride at the ortho-phenyl position for compound 17 was beneficial for the highest alpha1A/D-AR sub-selectivity.	Chlorides	28-36	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A	Homo sapiens	113-120
26608216-3	2015	When compared with chloride and bromide, the higher electronegativity fluoride substituted derivatives significantly enhanced mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by remarkably increasing the expression of caspase-9 in HeLa cells.	Chlorides	19-27	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	201-210
26631461-2	2015	Changes in KCC2 expression have often been associated with altered chloride homeostasis and GABA signaling.	Chlorides	67-75	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	11-15
26373407-4	2015	The chloride ions can, in a third step, be exchanged with fluoride ions by immersion of the ionomer in NaF solution.	Chlorides	4-12	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	103-106
26720466-5	2015	Whole-cell patch clamping was conducted to measure the chloride conductance of wild-type BEST1 and the identified BEST1 mutants in transfected HEK293T cells.	Chlorides	55-63	bestrophin 1	Homo sapiens	89-94
26720466-10	2015	HEK293T cells transfected with the identified BEST1 mutant showed significantly small currents compared to those transfected with the wild-type gene, whereas cells cotransfected with mutant and wild-type BEST1 showed good chloride conductance.	Chlorides	222-230	bestrophin 1	Homo sapiens	204-209
26416827-8	2015	Ivacaftor is a potentiator of CFTR channels defective in their chloride/bicarbonate gating/conductance, but present at the epithelial cell surface.	Chlorides	63-71	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	30-34
26453302-13	2015	The loss-of-activation of truncated hClC-Kb channels in heterologous expression systems fully explains the reduced basolateral chloride conductance in affected kidneys and the clinical symptoms of Bartter syndrome patients.	Chlorides	127-135	chloride voltage-gated channel Kb	Homo sapiens	36-43
26558472-7	2015	Under these conditions, Cd and Pb at a low concentration (0.01 ppm) significantly attenuated the fetal testicular expression of StAR mRNA without a concomitant reduction in LHss.	Chlorides	24-26	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Rattus norvegicus	128-132
26352190-4	2015	Molecular modeling suggests that Phe297 contributes to the construction of the substrate pocket of APB, which is wide enough to hold a chloride anion and allow the interaction of Gln169 with the N-terminal Arg residue of the substrate through bridging with the chloride anion.	Chlorides	135-149	arginyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	99-102
26635857-3	2015	In the present study, we showed that two lignan compounds, kobusin and eudesmin, isolated from Magnoliae Flos, could modulate intestinal chloride transport mediated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs).	Chlorides	137-145	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	168-219
26635857-3	2015	In the present study, we showed that two lignan compounds, kobusin and eudesmin, isolated from Magnoliae Flos, could modulate intestinal chloride transport mediated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs).	Chlorides	137-145	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	221-225
26558388-9	2015	ANO2 channels attenuated GABAergic transmission by increasing the postsynaptic chloride concentration, hence reducing the driving force for chloride influx.	Chlorides	79-87	anoctamin 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
26558388-9	2015	ANO2 channels attenuated GABAergic transmission by increasing the postsynaptic chloride concentration, hence reducing the driving force for chloride influx.	Chlorides	140-148	anoctamin 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
26558388-11	2015	Thus, in balance with the chloride extrusion mechanism via the co-transporter KCC2, ANO2 appears to regulate ionic plasticity in the cerebellum.	Chlorides	26-34	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	78-82
26558388-11	2015	Thus, in balance with the chloride extrusion mechanism via the co-transporter KCC2, ANO2 appears to regulate ionic plasticity in the cerebellum.	Chlorides	26-34	anoctamin 2	Homo sapiens	84-88
26542571-1	2015	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1), also known as band 3 or SLC4A1, plays a key role in the removal of carbon dioxide from tissues by facilitating the exchange of chloride and bicarbonate across the plasma membrane of erythrocytes.	Chlorides	152-160	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	19-22
26542571-1	2015	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1), also known as band 3 or SLC4A1, plays a key role in the removal of carbon dioxide from tissues by facilitating the exchange of chloride and bicarbonate across the plasma membrane of erythrocytes.	Chlorides	152-160	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	49-55
26342647-11	2015	In addition, acute resveratrol exposure can stimulate CFTR mediated chloride secretion, probably by increasing cellular cAMP levels.	Chlorides	68-76	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	54-58
26277684-9	2015	In extrahepatic cholangiocyte cultures, secretin increased cAMP (prevented by somatostatin), chloride efflux and proliferation.	Chlorides	93-101	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	40-48
26199136-2	2015	In addition to reducing biliary chloride and bicarbonate secretion, up-regulation of toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappaB)-dependent immune mechanisms plays a major role in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis-associated liver disease and may represent a therapeutic target.	Chlorides	32-40	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	85-105
25904388-8	2015	Intracellular chloride-dependent regulation of WNK"s may underlie the mechanism of regulation of NCC by extracellular K(+).	Chlorides	14-22	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Homo sapiens	97-100
26520520-1	2015	Strongly bound complexes (CH2)3 MCl (M = Cu or Ag), formed by non-covalent interaction of cyclopropane and either cuprous chloride or argentous chloride, have been generated in the gas phase by means of the laser ablation of either copper or silver metal in the presence of supersonically expanded pulses of a gas mixture containing small amounts of cyclopropane and carbon tetrachloride in a large excess of argon.	Chlorides	122-130	C-type lectin domain family 4 member D	Homo sapiens	32-35
26474553-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Ivacaftor acts as a potentiator of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and increases the transepithelial chloride transport of CFTR in 9 of 10 known gating mutations causing cystic fibrosis.	Chlorides	144-152	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	166-170
26283064-2	2015	Termed Regal electrochemistry, a 5 pence (5p) coin (GBP) is electrically wired using a bespoke electrochemical cell and is electrochemically characterised using the outer-sphere redox probe hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride.	Chlorides	215-223	transmembrane protein 132A	Homo sapiens	52-55
26542571-1	2015	Anion exchanger 1 (AE1), also known as band 3 or SLC4A1, plays a key role in the removal of carbon dioxide from tissues by facilitating the exchange of chloride and bicarbonate across the plasma membrane of erythrocytes.	Chlorides	152-160	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-17
26451952-2	2015	The gold(I) chloride complexes 2 and 6 were treated with AgSbF6 to yield the corresponding dimeric dinuclear Au(I) cation (3) and dimeric mononuclear Au(I) cation (7) with PNP and PNB systems, respectively.	Chlorides	12-20	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	172-175
26603451-0	2015	Chloride-hydrogen antiporters ClC-3 and ClC-5 drive osteoblast mineralization and regulate fine-structure bone patterning in vitro.	Chlorides	0-8	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 3	Mus musculus	30-35
26603451-0	2015	Chloride-hydrogen antiporters ClC-3 and ClC-5 drive osteoblast mineralization and regulate fine-structure bone patterning in vitro.	Chlorides	0-8	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 5	Mus musculus	40-45
26521141-13	2015	Smoke-induced reduction in functional, albuterol-mediated chloride conductance through CFTR was improved by roflumilast.	Chlorides	58-66	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	87-91
26539026-5	2015	NKCC1 is expressed before KCC2 in neuron development and increases cell chloride, which stimulates differentiation and process formation.	Chlorides	72-80	solute carrier family 12, member 2	Mus musculus	0-5
26539026-6	2015	Subsequently, KCC2 increases and extrudes cell chloride linked with maturation.	Chlorides	47-55	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	14-18
26352190-4	2015	Molecular modeling suggests that Phe297 contributes to the construction of the substrate pocket of APB, which is wide enough to hold a chloride anion and allow the interaction of Gln169 with the N-terminal Arg residue of the substrate through bridging with the chloride anion.	Chlorides	261-275	arginyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	99-102
26352190-5	2015	These results indicate that Phe297 is crucial for the optimal enzymatic activity and chloride anion sensitivity of APB via formation of the optimal structure of the catalytic pocket.	Chlorides	85-99	arginyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	115-118
26116702-2	2015	Chloride (Cl(-)) is known to directly bind and regulate the function of different actors of neuronal activity, and several studies have pointed to the possible modulation of mGluRs by Cl(-).	Chlorides	0-8	glutamate metabotropic receptor 4	Homo sapiens	174-180
26335950-2	2015	There is emerging evidence that CFTR is a bicarbonate channel, a driver of chloride-bicarbonate exchange and through its action on local pH, a regulator of other ion channels and of proteins that function optimally in a neutral environment.	Chlorides	75-83	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	32-36
26174774-7	2015	At a concentration of (R)-BPO-27 that inhibited CFTR chloride current by ~50%, the EC50 for ATP activation of CFTR increased from 0.27 to 1.77 mM but was not changed by CFTRinh-172 [4-[[4-oxo-2-thioxo-3-[3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-thiazolidinylidene]methyl]benzoic acid], a thiazolidinone CFTR inhibitor that acts at a site distinct from the ATP binding site.	Chlorides	53-61	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	48-52
26260990-0	2015	The chloride-bicarbonate exchanger pendrin is increased in the kidney of the pregnant rat.	Chlorides	4-12	solute carrier family 26 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	35-42
26206888-1	2015	Diastrophic dysplasia (DTD) is a recessive chondrodysplasia caused by mutations in SLC26A2, a cell membrane sulfate-chloride antiporter.	Chlorides	116-124	solute carrier family 26 (sulfate transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	83-90
26168288-4	2015	We showed that treatment with verapamil (4 muM, 24 h), an L-type calcium channel blocker, substantially increases the alpha1(D219N) subunit cell surface level in both HEK293 cells and neuronal SH-SY5Y cells and remarkably restores the GABA-induced maximal chloride current in HEK293 cells expressing alpha1(D219N)beta2gamma2 receptors to a level that is comparable to wild type receptors.	Chlorides	256-264	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	118-123
26322379-7	2015	In addition, we found that the binding of kaempferol to DAPK1 was associated with a chloride ion.	Chlorides	84-92	death associated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	56-61
26329271-10	2015	Calculations confirmed that the syn isomer may bind in a bidentate fashion to chloride.	Chlorides	78-86	synemin	Homo sapiens	32-35
26245234-4	2015	Ru1-Ru3 all underwent moderate aquation in buffer solution and this process was significantly inhibited by high chloride concentration.	Chlorides	112-120	Scm like with four mbt domains 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
26441539-4	2015	In the present study, we characterized GABAergic inhibition and KCC2-mediated neuronal chloride homeostasis in pyramidal neurons from adult hippocampal slices.	Chlorides	87-95	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	64-68
26324901-10	2015	The activity of Nha1 is inhibited by chloride-binding competitors 4,4"-diiso-thiocyano-2,2"-disulfonic acid stilbene and 4,4"-dibenzamido-2,2"-stilbenedisulphonate.	Chlorides	37-45	solute carrier family 9 member B1	Homo sapiens	16-20
26335336-4	2015	Low temperature treatment of cultured cells was previously shown to be able to alleviate the processing defect of DeltaF508-CFTR, enhancing its plasma membrane localization and its function in mediating chloride ion transport.	Chlorides	203-211	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	124-128
26730394-1	2015	Cystic fibrosis (CF) results from mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which codes for a chloride/bicarbonate channel in the apical epithelial membranes.	Chlorides	121-129	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	51-89
26730394-1	2015	Cystic fibrosis (CF) results from mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which codes for a chloride/bicarbonate channel in the apical epithelial membranes.	Chlorides	121-129	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	91-95
26333769-1	2015	The potassium-chloride co-transporter KCC2, encoded by SLC12A5, plays a fundamental role in fast synaptic inhibition by maintaining a hyperpolarizing gradient for chloride ions.	Chlorides	14-22	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	38-42
26333769-1	2015	The potassium-chloride co-transporter KCC2, encoded by SLC12A5, plays a fundamental role in fast synaptic inhibition by maintaining a hyperpolarizing gradient for chloride ions.	Chlorides	14-22	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	55-62
25764511-2	2015	In neurons, the extrusion of chloride from the cytosol primarily depends on the expression of an isoform of potassium-chloride cotransporters (KCC2s).	Chlorides	29-37	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	143-147
26388734-6	2015	With extrusion of chloride by KCC2, the Cl(-) reversal potential shifts and GABA and glycine responses become inhibitory.	Chlorides	18-26	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	30-34
26325626-1	2015	In about 70% of patients affected by autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type 2 (ADO2), osteoclast activity is reduced by heterozygous mutations of the CLCN7 gene, encoding the ClC-7 chloride/hydrogen antiporter.	Chlorides	180-188	chloride voltage-gated channel 7	Homo sapiens	149-154
25820021-6	2015	[(3) H]Olmesartan efflux via OAT4 was also observed and was trans-stimulated by extracellular chloride and DHEAS.	Chlorides	94-102	solute carrier family 22 member 11	Homo sapiens	29-33
25820021-8	2015	Efflux transport of olmesartan via OAT4 from syncytiotrophoblasts to the fetal circulation might be facilitated in the presence of an inwardly directed physiological chloride gradient and extracellular DHEAS.	Chlorides	166-174	solute carrier family 22 member 11	Homo sapiens	35-39
26089372-3	2015	In silico molecular modeling, site-directed mutagenesis, and functional assays demonstrate (1) that chloride is an agonist of mGlu3, mGlu4, mGlu6, and mGlu8 receptors with its own orthosteric site, and (2) that chloride is not an agonist of mGlu2 receptors.	Chlorides	100-108	glutamate receptor, metabotropic 3	Mus musculus	126-131
26089372-3	2015	In silico molecular modeling, site-directed mutagenesis, and functional assays demonstrate (1) that chloride is an agonist of mGlu3, mGlu4, mGlu6, and mGlu8 receptors with its own orthosteric site, and (2) that chloride is not an agonist of mGlu2 receptors.	Chlorides	211-219	glutamate receptor, metabotropic 3	Mus musculus	126-131
26325626-1	2015	In about 70% of patients affected by autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type 2 (ADO2), osteoclast activity is reduced by heterozygous mutations of the CLCN7 gene, encoding the ClC-7 chloride/hydrogen antiporter.	Chlorides	180-188	chloride voltage-gated channel 7	Homo sapiens	174-179