PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text compound_name comp_offset prot_official_name organism prot_offset 28859672-8 2017 Laquinimod-treated patients showed more abnormal laboratory levels in liver enzymes, P-amylase, C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen, but most shifts were clinically non-significant. laquinimod 0-10 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 96-114 29304807-10 2018 Concomitantly, laquinimod significantly increased the levels of the glial glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) protein and pharmacological blockade of GLT-1 function fully abolished laquinimod anti-excitotoxic effect. laquinimod 15-25 solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 3 Mus musculus 74-95 29304807-10 2018 Concomitantly, laquinimod significantly increased the levels of the glial glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) protein and pharmacological blockade of GLT-1 function fully abolished laquinimod anti-excitotoxic effect. laquinimod 15-25 solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2 Mus musculus 99-104 29304807-10 2018 Concomitantly, laquinimod significantly increased the levels of the glial glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) protein and pharmacological blockade of GLT-1 function fully abolished laquinimod anti-excitotoxic effect. laquinimod 177-187 solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2 Mus musculus 99-104 29304807-10 2018 Concomitantly, laquinimod significantly increased the levels of the glial glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) protein and pharmacological blockade of GLT-1 function fully abolished laquinimod anti-excitotoxic effect. laquinimod 177-187 solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2 Mus musculus 146-151 28859672-8 2017 Laquinimod-treated patients showed more abnormal laboratory levels in liver enzymes, P-amylase, C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen, but most shifts were clinically non-significant. laquinimod 0-10 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 116-119 28243182-9 2017 Laquinimod was also associated with asymptomatic changes in liver enzyme levels, fibrinogen levels, and hematologic parameters that followed a consistent temporal pattern: mild, nonprogressive, and occurring within 90 days of treatment initiation, then stabilizing or reverting to baseline levels during continued treatment. laquinimod 0-10 fibrinogen beta chain Homo sapiens 81-91 28433708-4 2017 They represent, as diacetyl prodrugs, AHR-active metabolites of the drug compounds laquinimod and tasquinimod, respectively, which are intended for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancer. laquinimod 83-93 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Rattus norvegicus 38-41 27671624-0 2016 Laquinimod arrests experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. laquinimod 0-10 aryl-hydrocarbon receptor Mus musculus 79-104 27671624-3 2016 Analysis of genome-wide expression data revealed activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway in laquinimod-treated mice. laquinimod 110-120 aryl-hydrocarbon receptor Mus musculus 67-92 27671624-3 2016 Analysis of genome-wide expression data revealed activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway in laquinimod-treated mice. laquinimod 110-120 aryl-hydrocarbon receptor Mus musculus 94-97 27671624-6 2016 We demonstrate that the pronounced effect of laquinimod on clinical score, CNS inflammation, and demyelination in EAE was abolished in AhR-/- mice. laquinimod 45-55 aryl-hydrocarbon receptor Mus musculus 135-138 27671624-8 2016 These data strongly support the idea that AhR is necessary for the efficacy of laquinimod in EAE and that laquinimod may represent a first-in-class drug targeting AhR for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases. laquinimod 79-89 aryl-hydrocarbon receptor Mus musculus 42-45 27671624-8 2016 These data strongly support the idea that AhR is necessary for the efficacy of laquinimod in EAE and that laquinimod may represent a first-in-class drug targeting AhR for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases. laquinimod 106-116 aryl-hydrocarbon receptor Mus musculus 163-166 27704036-9 2016 Treatment of spontaneous EAE with laquinimod was also associated with increases in CD4+CD25hiFoxp3+ and CD4+CD25+IL-10+ regulatory T cells. laquinimod 34-44 interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain Mus musculus 87-91 27695399-8 2016 Lastly, we will review four new MS treatments which interrupt NF-kappaB pathways-fingolimod, teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and laquinimod (LAQ)-and explain their mechanisms, and the possible strategy for MS treatments in the future. laquinimod 136-146 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 62-71 27695399-8 2016 Lastly, we will review four new MS treatments which interrupt NF-kappaB pathways-fingolimod, teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and laquinimod (LAQ)-and explain their mechanisms, and the possible strategy for MS treatments in the future. laquinimod 148-151 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 62-71 27296315-0 2016 Laquinimod decreases Bax expression and reduces caspase-6 activation in neurons. laquinimod 0-10 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 21-24 27296315-0 2016 Laquinimod decreases Bax expression and reduces caspase-6 activation in neurons. laquinimod 0-10 caspase 6 Homo sapiens 48-57 27296315-7 2016 We find that laquinimod ameliorates DNA-damage induced activation of caspase-6 in primary neuronal cultures. laquinimod 13-23 caspase 6 Homo sapiens 69-78 27609269-0 2016 The immunomodulatory effect of laquinimod in CNS autoimmunity is mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. laquinimod 31-41 aryl-hydrocarbon receptor Mus musculus 81-106 27609269-4 2016 Thus, our data identify the AhR pathway in these mutant mice as crucial for the immunomodulatory, but not neuroprotective, efficacy of laquinimod in EAE. laquinimod 135-145 aryl-hydrocarbon receptor Mus musculus 28-31 27704036-9 2016 Treatment of spontaneous EAE with laquinimod was also associated with increases in CD4+CD25hiFoxp3+ and CD4+CD25+IL-10+ regulatory T cells. laquinimod 34-44 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 113-118 27231712-9 2016 Stimulated primary mouse astrocytes from laquinimod-treated groups show reduced NF-kappaB activation compared to vehicle-treated controls. laquinimod 41-51 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 80-89 27231712-10 2016 CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that laquinimod prevents demyelination in the cuprizone mouse model for multiple sclerosis via downregulation of NF-kappaB activation. laquinimod 38-48 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 146-155 26603637-3 2015 The aim of the study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of laquinimod on spontaneous colitis in interleukin-10-gene-deficient mice, an animal model of Crohn"s disease. laquinimod 66-76 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 103-117 26603637-9 2015 Increased expression and correct distribution of tight junction proteins (occludin and ZO-1) were found in Il10(-/-) mice treated with laquinimod. laquinimod 135-145 occludin Mus musculus 74-82 26603637-9 2015 Increased expression and correct distribution of tight junction proteins (occludin and ZO-1) were found in Il10(-/-) mice treated with laquinimod. laquinimod 135-145 tight junction protein 1 Mus musculus 87-91 25064496-7 2015 After 14 days, only laquinimod (5 mg/kg) demonstrated anxiolytic efficacy in the open field test (p < 0.05), with evidence of increased BDNF in response to 5-25 mg/kg in the hippocampus, but not frontal cortex (p < 0.05). laquinimod 20-30 brain derived neurotrophic factor Mus musculus 139-143 25064496-8 2015 In conclusion, laquinimod may possess anxiolytic and antidepressant effects, possibly associated with hippocampal BDNF increase, offering promise for MS patients suffering from psychiatric co-morbidity. laquinimod 15-25 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 114-118 25356411-8 2014 Laquinimod prevented the decline in activated microglia of miR124a, a microRNA implicated in maintaining microglia quiescence, and reduced the activity of several signaling pathways (Jun-N-terminal kinase, ribosomal S6 kinase, and AKT/protein kinase B) in activated microglia. laquinimod 0-10 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 231-234 24574228-10 2014 Laquinimod suppressed macrophage-secreted tumor necrosis factor alpha and induced production of interleukin-10 (IL-10). laquinimod 0-10 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 42-69 24574228-10 2014 Laquinimod suppressed macrophage-secreted tumor necrosis factor alpha and induced production of interleukin-10 (IL-10). laquinimod 0-10 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 96-110 24574228-10 2014 Laquinimod suppressed macrophage-secreted tumor necrosis factor alpha and induced production of interleukin-10 (IL-10). laquinimod 0-10 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 112-117 24574228-11 2014 In addition, laquinimod suppressed interferon-gamma and IL-17 production by lymphocytes and down-regulated expression of activation/costimulatory markers on antigen-presenting cells. laquinimod 13-23 interferon gamma Mus musculus 35-51 24574228-11 2014 In addition, laquinimod suppressed interferon-gamma and IL-17 production by lymphocytes and down-regulated expression of activation/costimulatory markers on antigen-presenting cells. laquinimod 13-23 interleukin 17A Mus musculus 56-61 23232603-9 2013 Furthermore, laquinimod treatment also preserved cannabinoid CB1 receptor sensitivity, normally lost during EAE. laquinimod 13-23 cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain) Mus musculus 61-64 24363970-6 2013 RESULTS: Prophylactic and therapeutic treatment with LQ significantly decreased mean clinical disease scores, inhibited Th1 cytokine production, and decreased the CNS inflammatory response. laquinimod 53-55 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 120-123 22766690-6 2012 LAQ prevented cuprizone-induced demyelination, microglial activation, axonal transections, reactive gliosis and oligodendroglial apoptoses in wild type and Rag-1-deficient mice. laquinimod 0-3 recombination activating 1 Mus musculus 156-161 23518712-3 2013 In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the therapeutic administration of laquinimod beginning during the recovery of SJL mice, prevented further relapses as expected and strongly reduced infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the central nervous system. laquinimod 80-90 CD4 antigen Mus musculus 210-213 23518712-5 2013 According to the findings on antigen-presenting cells in the murine system, we found a reduced capacity of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells treated with therapeutic concentrations of laquinimod, upon maturation with lipopolysaccharide, to induce CD4+ T cell proliferation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. laquinimod 189-199 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 252-255 23518712-7 2013 In laquinimod-treated patients with multiple sclerosis we consistently found reduced chemokine and cytokine secretion by conventional CD1c+ dendritic cells upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation. laquinimod 3-13 CD1c molecule Homo sapiens 134-138 23518712-8 2013 Similarly to the animal model of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, dendritic cell subsets were altered in patients upon laquinimod treatment, as the number of conventional CD1c+ and plasmacytoid CD303+ dendritic cells were decreased within peripheral blood mononuclear cells. laquinimod 126-136 CD1c molecule Homo sapiens 178-182 23518712-9 2013 Moreover, laquinimod treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis and mice modified the maturation of dendritic cells demonstrated by an upregulation of CD86 expression in vivo. laquinimod 10-20 CD86 antigen Mus musculus 154-158 22749337-0 2012 Oral treatment with laquinimod augments regulatory T-cells and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and reduces injury in the CNS of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. laquinimod 20-30 brain derived neurotrophic factor Mus musculus 63-96 22749337-5 2012 Laquinimod treatment restored BDNF expression to its level in healthy controls. laquinimod 0-10 brain derived neurotrophic factor Mus musculus 30-34 23616636-7 2013 Targeting IL-17 via specific neutralizing antibodies or a small inhibitory molecule, laquinimod, significantly decreased M1/M2 ratio and concomitantly suppressed BRONJ-like condition in mice. laquinimod 85-95 interleukin 17A Mus musculus 10-15 16472873-0 2006 Inhibition of the development of chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by laquinimod (ABR-215062) in IFN-beta k.o. laquinimod 86-96 interferon beta 1, fibroblast Mus musculus 113-121 21163185-4 2011 DEVELOPMENT: Laquinimod is a new quinolone-carboxamide that has shown efficacy in various animal models of autoimmune disease, including MS. Laquinimod shows immunomodulatory effects, probably through Th1/Th2 shift, but does not lead to immunosuppression. laquinimod 13-23 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 201-204 21163185-4 2011 DEVELOPMENT: Laquinimod is a new quinolone-carboxamide that has shown efficacy in various animal models of autoimmune disease, including MS. Laquinimod shows immunomodulatory effects, probably through Th1/Th2 shift, but does not lead to immunosuppression. laquinimod 141-151 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 201-204 21163185-5 2011 Laquinimod is metabolised primarily by the CYP3A4 enzyme in the liver. laquinimod 0-10 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 43-49 22749771-7 2012 The reduced entry of proinflammatory monocytes into the CNS by laquinimod was attributed to reduction of their levels of CD62L and matrix metalloproteinase-9. laquinimod 63-73 selectin, lymphocyte Mus musculus 121-126 22749771-7 2012 The reduced entry of proinflammatory monocytes into the CNS by laquinimod was attributed to reduction of their levels of CD62L and matrix metalloproteinase-9. laquinimod 63-73 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Mus musculus 131-157 22417253-8 2012 Transient elevations in alanine aminotransferase levels to greater than three times the upper limit of the normal range were observed in 24 patients receiving laquinimod (5%) and 8 receiving placebo (2%). laquinimod 159-169 glutamic--pyruvic transaminase Homo sapiens 24-48 22152994-0 2012 Modulation of autoimmune demyelination by laquinimod via induction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. laquinimod 42-52 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 70-103 22152994-4 2012 To evaluate the potential neuroprotective capacity of laquinimod via modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), we analyzed the expression of BDNF in blood samples from 203 MS patients treated with laquinimod. laquinimod 54-64 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 83-116 22152994-4 2012 To evaluate the potential neuroprotective capacity of laquinimod via modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), we analyzed the expression of BDNF in blood samples from 203 MS patients treated with laquinimod. laquinimod 54-64 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 118-122 22152994-6 2012 Treatment with laquinimod resulted in a significant and persistent increase in BDNF serum levels of MS patients when compared to baseline and placebo-treated patients. laquinimod 15-25 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 79-83 22479444-3 2012 Oral laquinimod treatment reversed established RR-EAE and was associated with reduced central nervous system (CNS) inflammation, decreased Th1 and Th17 responses, and an increase in regulatory T cells (Treg). laquinimod 5-15 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 139-142 22479444-5 2012 In vivo laquinimod treatment altered subpopulations of myeloid antigen presenting cells (APC) that included a decrease in CD11c(+)CD11b(+)CD4(+) dendritic cells (DC) and an elevation of CD11b(hi)Gr1(hi) monocytes. laquinimod 8-18 integrin subunit alpha X Homo sapiens 122-127 22479444-5 2012 In vivo laquinimod treatment altered subpopulations of myeloid antigen presenting cells (APC) that included a decrease in CD11c(+)CD11b(+)CD4(+) dendritic cells (DC) and an elevation of CD11b(hi)Gr1(hi) monocytes. laquinimod 8-18 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 130-135 22479444-5 2012 In vivo laquinimod treatment altered subpopulations of myeloid antigen presenting cells (APC) that included a decrease in CD11c(+)CD11b(+)CD4(+) dendritic cells (DC) and an elevation of CD11b(hi)Gr1(hi) monocytes. laquinimod 8-18 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 186-191 22479444-9 2012 Inhibition of Th1 and Th17 differentiation was observed only when type II monocytes or DC from laquinimod-treated mice were used as APC, regardless of whether myelin-specific T cells were obtained from laquinimod-treated or untreated mice. laquinimod 95-105 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 14-17 21429524-4 2011 Furthermore, laquinimod minimizes inflammation, demyelination and axonal damage in MOG-induced EAE in mice treated at disease induction and following clinical disease onset. laquinimod 13-23 myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein Mus musculus 83-86 21429524-6 2011 Additionally, patients treated with laquinimod demonstrate up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the serum. laquinimod 36-46 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 76-109 21429524-6 2011 Additionally, patients treated with laquinimod demonstrate up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the serum. laquinimod 36-46 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 111-115 20684995-0 2010 Laquinimod interferes with migratory capacity of T cells and reduces IL-17 levels, inflammatory demyelination and acute axonal damage in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. laquinimod 0-10 interleukin 17A Mus musculus 69-74 16472873-3 2006 The ability of laquinimod to inhibit disease development was investigated in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (chEAE) in IFN-beta k.o. laquinimod 15-25 interferon beta 1, fibroblast Mus musculus 138-146 35163694-3 2022 We found that carboxamide derivatives from laquinimod, tasquinimod, and roquinimex can activate AHR signaling at low nanomolar concentrations. laquinimod 43-53 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Homo sapiens 96-99 15764719-0 2005 Cytochrome P450 3A4 is the major enzyme responsible for the metabolism of laquinimod, a novel immunomodulator. laquinimod 74-84 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 0-19 15764719-5 2005 Moreover, ketoconazole and troleandomycin, specific inhibitors of CYP3A4 metabolism, demonstrated a significant inhibition of laquinimod metabolism. laquinimod 126-136 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 66-72 15764719-7 2005 In vitro interaction studies with CYP3A4 substrates and possible concomitant medication demonstrated that laquinimod inhibits the metabolism of ethinyl estradiol with an IC50 value of about 150 microM, which is high above the plasma level of laquinimod after clinically relevant doses. laquinimod 106-116 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 34-40 15764719-9 2005 In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that laquinimod is a low affinity substrate for CYP3A4 in human liver microsomes. laquinimod 51-61 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 94-100 15764719-10 2005 The likelihood for in vivo effects of laquinimod on the metabolism of other CYP3A4 substrates is minor. laquinimod 38-48 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 76-82 15764719-11 2005 However, inhibitory effects on the metabolism of laquinimod by potent and specific inhibitors of CYP3A4, such as ketoconazole, are anticipated and should be considered in the continued clinical program for laquinimod. laquinimod 49-59 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 97-103 15764719-11 2005 However, inhibitory effects on the metabolism of laquinimod by potent and specific inhibitors of CYP3A4, such as ketoconazole, are anticipated and should be considered in the continued clinical program for laquinimod. laquinimod 206-216 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 97-103 15465591-0 2004 Laquinimod (ABR-215062) suppresses the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, modulates the Th1/Th2 balance and induces the Th3 cytokine TGF-beta in Lewis rats. laquinimod 0-10 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 156-164 15465591-0 2004 Laquinimod (ABR-215062) suppresses the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, modulates the Th1/Th2 balance and induces the Th3 cytokine TGF-beta in Lewis rats. laquinimod 12-22 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 156-164 32978613-5 2021 The therapeutic efficacy of laquinimod-loaded nanoparticles was evaluated in the well-established IL-10 -/- spontaneous experimental colitis. laquinimod 28-38 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 98-103 33408169-0 2021 Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation in Astrocytes by Laquinimod Ameliorates Autoimmune Inflammation in the CNS. laquinimod 54-64 aryl-hydrocarbon receptor Mus musculus 0-25 33408169-3 2021 Laquinimod is a drug developed for the treatment of MS known to activate AHR, but the cellular targets of laquinimod are still not completely known. laquinimod 0-10 aryl-hydrocarbon receptor Mus musculus 73-76 33408169-5 2021 RESULTS: We found that AHR activation in astrocytes by laquinimod ameliorates EAE, a preclinical model of MS. Genome-wide RNA-seq transcriptional analyses detected anti-inflammatory effects of laquinimod in glial cells during EAE. laquinimod 55-65 aryl-hydrocarbon receptor Mus musculus 23-26 33408169-5 2021 RESULTS: We found that AHR activation in astrocytes by laquinimod ameliorates EAE, a preclinical model of MS. Genome-wide RNA-seq transcriptional analyses detected anti-inflammatory effects of laquinimod in glial cells during EAE. laquinimod 193-203 aryl-hydrocarbon receptor Mus musculus 23-26 33203651-0 2021 Laquinimod dampens IL-1beta signaling and Th17-polarizing capacity of monocytes in patients with MS. laquinimod 0-10 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 19-27 33218208-3 2020 We show that human iAstrocytes expressed the receptor for the inflammatory mediator IL1 and responded to it via nuclear translocation of NFkappaB, an event that did not occur if cells were treated with Laquinimod, indicating a direct anti-inflammatory activity of the drug on the human astrocyte. laquinimod 202-212 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 84-87 33218208-5 2020 Laquinimod also induced nuclear translocation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), suggesting that drug action was mediated by activation of the AHR pathway. laquinimod 0-10 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Homo sapiens 53-78 33218208-5 2020 Laquinimod also induced nuclear translocation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), suggesting that drug action was mediated by activation of the AHR pathway. laquinimod 0-10 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Homo sapiens 80-83 33218208-5 2020 Laquinimod also induced nuclear translocation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), suggesting that drug action was mediated by activation of the AHR pathway. laquinimod 0-10 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Homo sapiens 148-151 33203651-6 2021 Laquinimod-treated monocytes were cocultured with CD4+ T cells, and the resulting cytokine production was analyzed by flow cytometry after intracellular cytokine staining. laquinimod 0-10 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 50-53 33203651-8 2021 RESULTS: Laquinimod did not alter the frequency or viability of circulating monocytes, but led to an upregulation of CD86 expression. laquinimod 9-19 CD86 molecule Homo sapiens 117-121 33203651-9 2021 LPS-stimulated monocytes of laquinimod-treated patients with MS secreted less IL-1beta following a downregulation of IL-1beta gene expression. laquinimod 28-38 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 78-86 33203651-9 2021 LPS-stimulated monocytes of laquinimod-treated patients with MS secreted less IL-1beta following a downregulation of IL-1beta gene expression. laquinimod 28-38 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 117-125 33203651-10 2021 Phosphorylation levels of the NF-kappaB p65 subunit were reduced after laquinimod treatment, indicating a laquinimod-associated inhibition of the NF-kappaB pathway. laquinimod 71-81 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 30-43 33203651-10 2021 Phosphorylation levels of the NF-kappaB p65 subunit were reduced after laquinimod treatment, indicating a laquinimod-associated inhibition of the NF-kappaB pathway. laquinimod 71-81 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 30-39 33203651-10 2021 Phosphorylation levels of the NF-kappaB p65 subunit were reduced after laquinimod treatment, indicating a laquinimod-associated inhibition of the NF-kappaB pathway. laquinimod 106-116 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 30-43 33203651-10 2021 Phosphorylation levels of the NF-kappaB p65 subunit were reduced after laquinimod treatment, indicating a laquinimod-associated inhibition of the NF-kappaB pathway. laquinimod 106-116 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 30-39 33203651-11 2021 T cells primed with laquinimod-treated monocytes differentiated significantly less into IL-17A-producing T helper (Th)-17 cells. laquinimod 20-30 interleukin 17A Homo sapiens 88-94 32237115-0 2020 The Effect of CYP3A Induction and Inhibition on the Pharmacokinetics of Laquinimod, a Novel Neuroimmunomodulator. laquinimod 72-82 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 14-19 33244468-8 2020 Laquinimod significantly downregulated the expression of chemokines (monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1), pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing C-terminal caspase-recruitment domain adaptor protein in both injured corneas and RAW cells. laquinimod 0-10 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 69-99 33244468-8 2020 Laquinimod significantly downregulated the expression of chemokines (monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1), pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing C-terminal caspase-recruitment domain adaptor protein in both injured corneas and RAW cells. laquinimod 0-10 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 168-185 33244468-8 2020 Laquinimod significantly downregulated the expression of chemokines (monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1), pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing C-terminal caspase-recruitment domain adaptor protein in both injured corneas and RAW cells. laquinimod 0-10 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 190-217 33244468-8 2020 Laquinimod significantly downregulated the expression of chemokines (monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1), pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing C-terminal caspase-recruitment domain adaptor protein in both injured corneas and RAW cells. laquinimod 0-10 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 220-254 32237115-7 2020 Coadministration of laquinimod with CYP3A inhibitors, ketoconazole, fluconazole, and cimetidine increased laquinimod area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity by approximately 3.1-, 2.5-, and 1.1-fold, respectively. laquinimod 20-30 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 36-41 32237115-7 2020 Coadministration of laquinimod with CYP3A inhibitors, ketoconazole, fluconazole, and cimetidine increased laquinimod area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity by approximately 3.1-, 2.5-, and 1.1-fold, respectively. laquinimod 106-116 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 36-41 32237115-9 2020 These results indicate that coadministration of laquinimod with moderate to strong inhibitors of CYP3A or strong inducers of CYP3A may give rise to significant pharmacokinetic drug interactions. laquinimod 48-58 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 97-102 32237115-1 2020 Laquinimod, a neuroimmunomodulator, is extensively metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, and modulations of CYP3A4 activity may lead to alterations in the pharmacokinetics and/or clinical effects of laquinimod. laquinimod 0-10 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 66-91 32237115-9 2020 These results indicate that coadministration of laquinimod with moderate to strong inhibitors of CYP3A or strong inducers of CYP3A may give rise to significant pharmacokinetic drug interactions. laquinimod 48-58 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 125-130 32237115-1 2020 Laquinimod, a neuroimmunomodulator, is extensively metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, and modulations of CYP3A4 activity may lead to alterations in the pharmacokinetics and/or clinical effects of laquinimod. laquinimod 0-10 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 112-118 32237115-1 2020 Laquinimod, a neuroimmunomodulator, is extensively metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, and modulations of CYP3A4 activity may lead to alterations in the pharmacokinetics and/or clinical effects of laquinimod. laquinimod 203-213 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 112-118 32237115-2 2020 To determine the drug-drug interaction potential of laquinimod with CYP3A inhibitors and inducers, interaction assessments were conducted in healthy volunteers using single-dose administration of laquinimod before and after multiple dosing of CYP3A inhibitors (ketoconazole, fluconazole, and cimetidine) or a CYP3A4 inducer (rifampin). laquinimod 52-62 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 68-73 33182069-8 2020 Importantly, LQ inhibited the expression of cleaved caspase-8 and the downstream NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1beta. laquinimod 13-15 caspase 8 Mus musculus 52-61 33182069-8 2020 Importantly, LQ inhibited the expression of cleaved caspase-8 and the downstream NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1beta. laquinimod 13-15 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 81-86 33182069-8 2020 Importantly, LQ inhibited the expression of cleaved caspase-8 and the downstream NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1beta. laquinimod 13-15 interleukin 1 alpha Mus musculus 104-112 32249647-0 2020 Laquinimod inhibits MMP+ induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human neuronal cells. laquinimod 0-10 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 33-38 32500758-0 2020 Retraction: Laquinimod inhibits MMP-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human neuronal cells. laquinimod 12-22 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 44-49 32668270-3 2020 In this study, the anti-estrogenic potential of the AHR ligands 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and DELAQ, a metabolite of the pharmaceutical laquinimod, was assessed in in primary human and rat endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) with and without co-exposure to endogenous hormones. laquinimod 153-163 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Homo sapiens 52-55 32954145-0 2020 Laquinimod Prevents Adipogenesis and Obesity by Down-Regulating PPAR-gamma and C/EBPalpha through Activating AMPK. laquinimod 0-10 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Mus musculus 64-74 32954145-0 2020 Laquinimod Prevents Adipogenesis and Obesity by Down-Regulating PPAR-gamma and C/EBPalpha through Activating AMPK. laquinimod 0-10 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha Mus musculus 79-89 32954145-7 2020 RESULTS: the amount and UV absorption of oil red O, glycerol production, release of triglyceride, and the expression of SREBP1, FABP4, and Glut4 in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells were decreased by the administration of laquinimod. laquinimod 216-226 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 Mus musculus 120-126 32954145-10 2020 CONCLUSION: laquinimod might prevent adipogenesis by down-regulating PPAR-gamma and C/EBPalpha through activating AMPK. laquinimod 12-22 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Mus musculus 69-79 32954145-10 2020 CONCLUSION: laquinimod might prevent adipogenesis by down-regulating PPAR-gamma and C/EBPalpha through activating AMPK. laquinimod 12-22 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha Mus musculus 84-94 32249647-3 2020 This study aims to investigate whether laquinimod possessesa protective effect against MPP+-induced NLRP3 activation.Materials and methods: In a variety of tests on human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells, 1-methyl-4-phenyl Pyridine (MPP+) was used to mimic the microenvironment of PD. laquinimod 39-49 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 100-105 32249647-6 2020 Importantly, treatment with laquinimod significantly inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by reducing the levels of its components, including NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and cleaved caspase 1 (P10). laquinimod 28-38 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 85-90 32249647-6 2020 Importantly, treatment with laquinimod significantly inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by reducing the levels of its components, including NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and cleaved caspase 1 (P10). laquinimod 28-38 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 156-161 32249647-6 2020 Importantly, treatment with laquinimod significantly inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by reducing the levels of its components, including NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and cleaved caspase 1 (P10). laquinimod 28-38 PYD and CARD domain containing Homo sapiens 163-220 32249647-6 2020 Importantly, treatment with laquinimod significantly inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by reducing the levels of its components, including NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and cleaved caspase 1 (P10). laquinimod 28-38 PYD and CARD domain containing Homo sapiens 222-225 32249647-6 2020 Importantly, treatment with laquinimod significantly inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by reducing the levels of its components, including NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and cleaved caspase 1 (P10). laquinimod 28-38 S100 calcium binding protein A10 Homo sapiens 251-254 32249647-7 2020 Consistently, laquinimod prevented MPP+-induced secretions of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). laquinimod 14-24 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 62-79 32249647-7 2020 Consistently, laquinimod prevented MPP+-induced secretions of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). laquinimod 14-24 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 81-89 32249647-7 2020 Consistently, laquinimod prevented MPP+-induced secretions of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). laquinimod 14-24 interleukin 18 Homo sapiens 95-109 32249647-7 2020 Consistently, laquinimod prevented MPP+-induced secretions of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). laquinimod 14-24 interleukin 18 Homo sapiens 111-116 32249647-8 2020 Additionally, laquinimod also reduced the expression of other related factors, such as intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4), thioredoxin-interacting protein (TxNIP). laquinimod 14-24 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 132-147 32249647-8 2020 Additionally, laquinimod also reduced the expression of other related factors, such as intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4), thioredoxin-interacting protein (TxNIP). laquinimod 14-24 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 149-154 32249647-8 2020 Additionally, laquinimod also reduced the expression of other related factors, such as intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4), thioredoxin-interacting protein (TxNIP). laquinimod 14-24 thioredoxin interacting protein Homo sapiens 157-188 32249647-8 2020 Additionally, laquinimod also reduced the expression of other related factors, such as intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4), thioredoxin-interacting protein (TxNIP). laquinimod 14-24 thioredoxin interacting protein Homo sapiens 190-195 32249647-9 2020 Furthermore, laquinimod prevented the reduction of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) from MPP+ stimulation. laquinimod 13-23 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 51-60 32249647-9 2020 Furthermore, laquinimod prevented the reduction of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) from MPP+ stimulation. laquinimod 13-23 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 62-67 32249647-10 2020 Inhibition of SIRT1 abolished the protective effects of laquinimod against the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, suggesting the involvement of SIRT1 in this process.Conclusion: These findings suggest that laquinimod treatment might be a possible therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammation in PD. laquinimod 56-66 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 14-19 32249647-10 2020 Inhibition of SIRT1 abolished the protective effects of laquinimod against the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, suggesting the involvement of SIRT1 in this process.Conclusion: These findings suggest that laquinimod treatment might be a possible therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammation in PD. laquinimod 56-66 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 97-102 32249647-10 2020 Inhibition of SIRT1 abolished the protective effects of laquinimod against the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, suggesting the involvement of SIRT1 in this process.Conclusion: These findings suggest that laquinimod treatment might be a possible therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammation in PD. laquinimod 209-219 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 14-19 32249647-10 2020 Inhibition of SIRT1 abolished the protective effects of laquinimod against the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, suggesting the involvement of SIRT1 in this process.Conclusion: These findings suggest that laquinimod treatment might be a possible therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammation in PD. laquinimod 209-219 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 97-102 32249647-10 2020 Inhibition of SIRT1 abolished the protective effects of laquinimod against the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, suggesting the involvement of SIRT1 in this process.Conclusion: These findings suggest that laquinimod treatment might be a possible therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammation in PD. laquinimod 209-219 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 147-152 32440094-0 2020 Laquinimod Protects Against TNF-alpha-Induced Attachment of Monocytes to Human Aortic Endothelial Cells (HAECs) by Increasing the Expression of KLF2. laquinimod 0-10 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 28-37 32440094-0 2020 Laquinimod Protects Against TNF-alpha-Induced Attachment of Monocytes to Human Aortic Endothelial Cells (HAECs) by Increasing the Expression of KLF2. laquinimod 0-10 Kruppel like factor 2 Homo sapiens 144-148 32440094-4 2020 In the present study, for the first time, we investigated the effects of laquinimod, an immunomodulatory agent used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, on human aortic endothelial in a TNF-alpha-induced atherosclerotic microenvironment. laquinimod 73-83 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 190-199 32440094-6 2020 Methods: The effects of laquinimod on the gene expression of IL-6, MCP-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, and KLF2 were measured by real-time PCR. laquinimod 24-34 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 61-65 32440094-6 2020 Methods: The effects of laquinimod on the gene expression of IL-6, MCP-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, and KLF2 were measured by real-time PCR. laquinimod 24-34 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 67-72 32440094-6 2020 Methods: The effects of laquinimod on the gene expression of IL-6, MCP-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, and KLF2 were measured by real-time PCR. laquinimod 24-34 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 74-80 32440094-6 2020 Methods: The effects of laquinimod on the gene expression of IL-6, MCP-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, and KLF2 were measured by real-time PCR. laquinimod 24-34 selectin E Homo sapiens 82-92 32440094-6 2020 Methods: The effects of laquinimod on the gene expression of IL-6, MCP-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, and KLF2 were measured by real-time PCR. laquinimod 24-34 Kruppel like factor 2 Homo sapiens 98-102 32440094-10 2020 Results: Our findings demonstrate that laquinimod reduced the expression of key inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-6, MCP-1, and HMGB1. laquinimod 39-49 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 129-133 32440094-10 2020 Results: Our findings demonstrate that laquinimod reduced the expression of key inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-6, MCP-1, and HMGB1. laquinimod 39-49 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 135-140 32440094-10 2020 Results: Our findings demonstrate that laquinimod reduced the expression of key inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-6, MCP-1, and HMGB1. laquinimod 39-49 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 146-151 32440094-11 2020 We further demonstrate that laquinimod significantly reduced the attachment of monocytes to endothelial cells, which is mediated through reduced expression of the cellular adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and E-selectin. laquinimod 28-38 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 191-197 32440094-11 2020 We further demonstrate that laquinimod significantly reduced the attachment of monocytes to endothelial cells, which is mediated through reduced expression of the cellular adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and E-selectin. laquinimod 28-38 selectin E Homo sapiens 202-212 32440094-12 2020 Here, we found that laquinimod could significantly increase the expression of KLF2 through activation of ERK5 signaling. laquinimod 20-30 Kruppel like factor 2 Homo sapiens 78-82 32440094-12 2020 Here, we found that laquinimod could significantly increase the expression of KLF2 through activation of ERK5 signaling. laquinimod 20-30 mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 Homo sapiens 105-109 32440094-13 2020 The results of our KLF2 knockdown experiment confirm that the effects of laquinimod observed in vitro are dependent on KLF2 expression. laquinimod 73-83 Kruppel like factor 2 Homo sapiens 19-23 32440094-13 2020 The results of our KLF2 knockdown experiment confirm that the effects of laquinimod observed in vitro are dependent on KLF2 expression. laquinimod 73-83 Kruppel like factor 2 Homo sapiens 119-123 32191437-0 2020 Laquinimod Mitigated IL-1beta-Induced Impairment of the Cartilage Extracellular Matrix in Human ATDC5 Chondrocytes. laquinimod 0-10 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 21-29 32191437-5 2020 In our research, we found that laquinimod could ameliorate IL-1beta-induced generation of ROS and improve mitochondrial function by increasing mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim). laquinimod 31-41 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 59-67 32191437-6 2020 Furthermore, treatment with laquinimod suppressed IL-1beta-induced production of TNF-alpha and IL-6. laquinimod 28-38 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 50-58 32191437-6 2020 Furthermore, treatment with laquinimod suppressed IL-1beta-induced production of TNF-alpha and IL-6. laquinimod 28-38 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 81-90 32191437-6 2020 Furthermore, treatment with laquinimod suppressed IL-1beta-induced production of TNF-alpha and IL-6. laquinimod 28-38 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 95-99 32191437-7 2020 Notably, laquinimod prevented the degradation of type II collagen by inhibiting MMP-3 and MMP-13. laquinimod 9-19 matrix metallopeptidase 3 Homo sapiens 80-85 32191437-7 2020 Notably, laquinimod prevented the degradation of type II collagen by inhibiting MMP-3 and MMP-13. laquinimod 9-19 matrix metallopeptidase 13 Homo sapiens 90-96 32191437-8 2020 Meanwhile, the presence of laquinimod attenuated the reduction in aggrecan by mediating ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5. laquinimod 27-37 ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 4 Homo sapiens 88-96 32191437-8 2020 Meanwhile, the presence of laquinimod attenuated the reduction in aggrecan by mediating ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5. laquinimod 27-37 ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5 Homo sapiens 101-109 32191437-9 2020 Mechanistically, laquinimod ameliorated IL-1beta-induced inflammation and degeneration of ECM by suppressing the activation of NF-kappaB. laquinimod 17-27 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 40-48 32191437-9 2020 Mechanistically, laquinimod ameliorated IL-1beta-induced inflammation and degeneration of ECM by suppressing the activation of NF-kappaB. laquinimod 17-27 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 127-136 32191437-10 2020 Taken together, our findings reveal that laquinimod possesses a beneficial effect against IL-1beta insults in human chondrocytes, implying an important role of laquinimod in OA. laquinimod 41-51 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 90-98 30334188-5 2019 In addition, we demonstrated for the first time the beneficial effects of laquinimod on myelination in the posterior region of the CC where it reversed changes in myelin sheath thickness and rescued Mbp mRNA and protein deficits. laquinimod 74-84 myelin basic protein Mus musculus 199-202 30334188-6 2019 Furthermore, the effect of laquinimod on myelin-related gene expression was not region-specific since the levels of the Mbp and Plp1 transcripts were also increased in the striatum. laquinimod 27-37 myelin basic protein Mus musculus 120-123 30334188-6 2019 Furthermore, the effect of laquinimod on myelin-related gene expression was not region-specific since the levels of the Mbp and Plp1 transcripts were also increased in the striatum. laquinimod 27-37 proteolipid protein (myelin) 1 Mus musculus 128-132 30893768-4 2019 Clinical trials on LAQ have not reported any significant toxic outcomes and C2 has shown low toxicity in rats; however, their functional resemblance to the highly toxic AHR agonist 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) raises questions. laquinimod 19-22 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Rattus norvegicus 169-172 30808363-0 2019 Laquinimod, a prototypic quinoline-3-carboxamide and aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist, utilizes a CD155-mediated natural killer/dendritic cell interaction to suppress CNS autoimmunity. laquinimod 0-10 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Homo sapiens 53-78 30808363-0 2019 Laquinimod, a prototypic quinoline-3-carboxamide and aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist, utilizes a CD155-mediated natural killer/dendritic cell interaction to suppress CNS autoimmunity. laquinimod 0-10 PVR cell adhesion molecule Homo sapiens 99-104 30808363-7 2019 RESULTS: We demonstrate that laquinimod activates natural killer (NK) cells via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and increases their DNAM-1 cell surface expression. laquinimod 29-39 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Homo sapiens 84-109 30808363-7 2019 RESULTS: We demonstrate that laquinimod activates natural killer (NK) cells via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and increases their DNAM-1 cell surface expression. laquinimod 29-39 CD226 molecule Homo sapiens 130-136