PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
16897986-3	2006	S-1 is an oral 5-FU anti-tumor drug that combines three pharmacological agents: tegafur, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine, which inhibits dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity, and potassium oxonate, which reduces gastrointestinal toxicity.	gimeracil	89-119	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
16898001-1	2006	S-1 is a newly developed oral anti-tumor agent, which contains 5-chloro-2, 4-dihydroxypyridine and potassium oxonate to strengthen biological activities of 5-fluorouracil.	gimeracil	63-94	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
16549996-0	2006	Effect of gastrectomy on the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil and gimeracil after oral administration of S-1.	gimeracil	68-77	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	107-110
16897969-2	2006	This novel oral fluoropyrimidine is combined with three pharmacological agents: tegafur (FT) which is a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) which inhibits dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity, and potassium oxonate (Oxo) which reduces gastrointestinal toxicity.	gimeracil	138-168	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	191-222
16897969-2	2006	This novel oral fluoropyrimidine is combined with three pharmacological agents: tegafur (FT) which is a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) which inhibits dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity, and potassium oxonate (Oxo) which reduces gastrointestinal toxicity.	gimeracil	138-168	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	224-227
16897967-9	2006	S-1 is an oral anticancer agent in capsule, in which the following 2 modulators for 5-FU are combined to FT: one is CDHP(5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine) which increases blood concentrations and enhances pharmacological actions of 5-FU by potently inhibiting the degradation of 5-FU; and another is Oxo(potassium oxonate) which is localized in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract after oral administration and reduces GI toxicities provoked by 5-FU.	gimeracil	121-151	cadherin 3	Homo sapiens	116-120
15160338-1	2004	BACKGROUND: The goal of the current study was to evaluate the objective response rate and toxicity associated with the oral fluoropyrimidine S-1 (a combination of tegafur, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine, and potassium oxonate) in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal carcinoma.	gimeracil	172-202	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	141-144
16315929-1	2005	TS-1 is an antitumor drug including 5-chloro-2,4 dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), which inhibits dihydriopyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity selectively in metabolism of 5-FU.	gimeracil	36-66	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	90-122
16315929-1	2005	TS-1 is an antitumor drug including 5-chloro-2,4 dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), which inhibits dihydriopyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity selectively in metabolism of 5-FU.	gimeracil	36-66	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	124-127
16315929-1	2005	TS-1 is an antitumor drug including 5-chloro-2,4 dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), which inhibits dihydriopyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity selectively in metabolism of 5-FU.	gimeracil	68-72	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	90-122
16315929-1	2005	TS-1 is an antitumor drug including 5-chloro-2,4 dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), which inhibits dihydriopyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity selectively in metabolism of 5-FU.	gimeracil	68-72	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	124-127
15949589-6	2005	Efficacy of 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), potent DPD inhibitor, was also examined in 27 cases of them.	gimeracil	12-42	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	58-61
15949589-6	2005	Efficacy of 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), potent DPD inhibitor, was also examined in 27 cases of them.	gimeracil	44-48	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	58-61
15949589-8	2005	Six (33.3%) of 18 cases with strong expression of DPD showed 10% or more increment of the anti-tumor effect by adding CDHP to 5-FU.	gimeracil	118-122	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	50-53
15993511-4	2005	Treatment with 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine, an inhibitor of DPD, altered the sensitivity to 5-FU in DPD-expressing RERF-LC-MT cells, indicating that modulation of DPD activity could increase the 5-FU sensitivity in lung cancer.	gimeracil	15-45	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	63-66
15993511-4	2005	Treatment with 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine, an inhibitor of DPD, altered the sensitivity to 5-FU in DPD-expressing RERF-LC-MT cells, indicating that modulation of DPD activity could increase the 5-FU sensitivity in lung cancer.	gimeracil	15-45	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	103-106
15993511-4	2005	Treatment with 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine, an inhibitor of DPD, altered the sensitivity to 5-FU in DPD-expressing RERF-LC-MT cells, indicating that modulation of DPD activity could increase the 5-FU sensitivity in lung cancer.	gimeracil	15-45	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	103-106
15075664-7	2004	This review will focus on the oral fluoropyrimidine S-1, which consists of the 5-FU prodrug tegafur (ftorafur, FT) and two enzyme inhibitors, i.e. CDHP (5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine) and OXO (potassium oxonate), in a molar ratio of 1(FT):0.4 (CDHP):1(OXO).	gimeracil	147-151	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	52-55
15075664-7	2004	This review will focus on the oral fluoropyrimidine S-1, which consists of the 5-FU prodrug tegafur (ftorafur, FT) and two enzyme inhibitors, i.e. CDHP (5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine) and OXO (potassium oxonate), in a molar ratio of 1(FT):0.4 (CDHP):1(OXO).	gimeracil	153-183	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	52-55
15075664-7	2004	This review will focus on the oral fluoropyrimidine S-1, which consists of the 5-FU prodrug tegafur (ftorafur, FT) and two enzyme inhibitors, i.e. CDHP (5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine) and OXO (potassium oxonate), in a molar ratio of 1(FT):0.4 (CDHP):1(OXO).	gimeracil	245-249	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	52-55
15550867-1	2004	BACKGROUND: S-1 is a newly developed novel oral dihydrouracil dehydrogenase inhibiting fluoropyrimidine drug consisting of 1 M tegafur (FT), 0.4 M 5-chloro-2, 4-dihydroxypyrimidine (gimeracil), and 1 M potassium oxonate (oteracil), with efficient antitumor activity and low gastrointestinal toxicity which is widely used in Japan against advanced gastric, head and neck cancers.	gimeracil	182-191	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	12-15
15331922-1	2004	OBJECTIVE: S-1 is a novel oral fluorouracil antitumor drug that combines three pharmacological agents: tegafur (FT), a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), an inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, and potassium oxonate (Oxo), a reducer of gastrointestinal toxicity.	gimeracil	153-183	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	11-14
15331922-1	2004	OBJECTIVE: S-1 is a novel oral fluorouracil antitumor drug that combines three pharmacological agents: tegafur (FT), a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), an inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, and potassium oxonate (Oxo), a reducer of gastrointestinal toxicity.	gimeracil	185-189	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	11-14
14551502-2	2003	DPD-inhibiting oral fluoropyrimidines showing promise in early clinical studies included UFT (the 5-FU prodrug, tegafur, plus the DPD substrate, uracil), eniluracil (an irreversible DPD inhibitor that improves the oral bioavailability of 5-FU) and S-1 (tegafur plus a reversible DPD inhibitor, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine, and oxonic acid).	gimeracil	294-324	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-3
14650374-1	2003	OBJECTIVE: S-1 is an oral anticancer agent combining tegafur (FT), a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), with potassium oxonate (oteracil) and gimeracil (CDHP) respectively to mitigate gastrointestinal toxicity and increase the half-life of 5-FU.	gimeracil	141-150	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	11-14
12853891-1	2003	TS-1 contains tegaful (FT), 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP; an inhibitor of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) degradation) and potassium oxonate (Oxo; an inhibitor of 5-FU assimilation mainly in the digestive tract) in a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1.	gimeracil	28-58	Trichinella spiralis resistance 1	Mus musculus	0-4
12044515-0	2002	Enhancement of the antitumour activity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by inhibiting dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity (DPD) using 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) in human tumour cells.	gimeracil	131-161	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	78-109
12763215-2	2003	S-1 is a new oral fluorinated pyrimidine derivate, in which the oral 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) prodrug, tegafur, was combined with two 5-FU-modulating substances, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (gimeracil), and potassium oxonate (oteracil), at a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1.	gimeracil	159-189	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
12763215-2	2003	S-1 is a new oral fluorinated pyrimidine derivate, in which the oral 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) prodrug, tegafur, was combined with two 5-FU-modulating substances, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (gimeracil), and potassium oxonate (oteracil), at a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1.	gimeracil	191-200	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
12751387-11	2003	Furthermore, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), a potent DPD inhibitor, enhanced the sensitivity to 5-FU.	gimeracil	13-43	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	61-64
12751387-11	2003	Furthermore, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), a potent DPD inhibitor, enhanced the sensitivity to 5-FU.	gimeracil	45-49	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	61-64
12538461-1	2003	PURPOSE: Our purpose in the study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose and dose-limiting toxicity and investigate the clinical pharmacology of S-1, a combination of tegafur, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), and potassium oxonate.	gimeracil	213-217	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	150-153
12111108-1	2002	PURPOSE: S-1 is a novel oral fluorouracil antitumor drug that combines tegafur (FT), 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), which inhibits dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and potassium oxonate (Oxo).	gimeracil	85-115	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	9-12
12111108-1	2002	PURPOSE: S-1 is a novel oral fluorouracil antitumor drug that combines tegafur (FT), 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), which inhibits dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and potassium oxonate (Oxo).	gimeracil	85-115	cadherin 3	Homo sapiens	117-121
12111108-1	2002	PURPOSE: S-1 is a novel oral fluorouracil antitumor drug that combines tegafur (FT), 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), which inhibits dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and potassium oxonate (Oxo).	gimeracil	85-115	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	139-170
12111108-1	2002	PURPOSE: S-1 is a novel oral fluorouracil antitumor drug that combines tegafur (FT), 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), which inhibits dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and potassium oxonate (Oxo).	gimeracil	85-115	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	172-175
12044515-10	2002	These findings suggest that the combination of fluoropyrimidine and CDHP for the treatment of tumours with a high basal DPD elicits a greater antitumour effect than treatment with fluoropyrimidines alone and we suggest that CDHP inhibits the degradation of 5-FU in the tumour.	gimeracil	68-72	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	120-123
12044515-10	2002	These findings suggest that the combination of fluoropyrimidine and CDHP for the treatment of tumours with a high basal DPD elicits a greater antitumour effect than treatment with fluoropyrimidines alone and we suggest that CDHP inhibits the degradation of 5-FU in the tumour.	gimeracil	224-228	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	120-123
12739060-1	2003	S-1 is an oral formulation of ftorafur (FT), oxonic acid and 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) at a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1.	gimeracil	61-91	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
12739060-1	2003	S-1 is an oral formulation of ftorafur (FT), oxonic acid and 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) at a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1.	gimeracil	93-97	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
12739060-2	2003	FT is a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) prodrug, CDHP is a dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitor and oxonic acid is an inhibitor of 5-FU phosphoribosylation in the gastrointestinal mucosa and was included to prevent gastrointestinal toxicity.	gimeracil	39-43	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	49-80
12739060-2	2003	FT is a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) prodrug, CDHP is a dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitor and oxonic acid is an inhibitor of 5-FU phosphoribosylation in the gastrointestinal mucosa and was included to prevent gastrointestinal toxicity.	gimeracil	39-43	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	82-85
12775012-2	2003	S-1 is a novel oral dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitory fluoropyrimidine (DIF) based on a biochemical modulation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); S-1 contains tegafur (FF) and two types of enzyme inhibitor, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) and potassium oxonate (Oxo) in a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1.	gimeracil	213-243	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
12775012-2	2003	S-1 is a novel oral dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitory fluoropyrimidine (DIF) based on a biochemical modulation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); S-1 contains tegafur (FF) and two types of enzyme inhibitor, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) and potassium oxonate (Oxo) in a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1.	gimeracil	213-243	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	53-56
12775012-2	2003	S-1 is a novel oral dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitory fluoropyrimidine (DIF) based on a biochemical modulation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); S-1 contains tegafur (FF) and two types of enzyme inhibitor, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) and potassium oxonate (Oxo) in a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1.	gimeracil	213-243	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	87-90
12775012-2	2003	S-1 is a novel oral dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitory fluoropyrimidine (DIF) based on a biochemical modulation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); S-1 contains tegafur (FF) and two types of enzyme inhibitor, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) and potassium oxonate (Oxo) in a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1.	gimeracil	245-249	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
12775012-2	2003	S-1 is a novel oral dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitory fluoropyrimidine (DIF) based on a biochemical modulation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); S-1 contains tegafur (FF) and two types of enzyme inhibitor, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) and potassium oxonate (Oxo) in a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1.	gimeracil	245-249	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	53-56
12775012-2	2003	S-1 is a novel oral dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitory fluoropyrimidine (DIF) based on a biochemical modulation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); S-1 contains tegafur (FF) and two types of enzyme inhibitor, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) and potassium oxonate (Oxo) in a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1.	gimeracil	245-249	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	87-90
12044515-0	2002	Enhancement of the antitumour activity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by inhibiting dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity (DPD) using 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) in human tumour cells.	gimeracil	131-161	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	120-123
12044515-0	2002	Enhancement of the antitumour activity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by inhibiting dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity (DPD) using 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) in human tumour cells.	gimeracil	163-167	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	78-109
12044515-0	2002	Enhancement of the antitumour activity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by inhibiting dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity (DPD) using 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) in human tumour cells.	gimeracil	163-167	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	120-123
12044515-1	2002	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), a potent inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), to enhance the antitumour activity of the fluoropyrimidines.	gimeracil	53-83	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	114-145
12044515-1	2002	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), a potent inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), to enhance the antitumour activity of the fluoropyrimidines.	gimeracil	53-83	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	147-150
12044515-1	2002	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), a potent inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), to enhance the antitumour activity of the fluoropyrimidines.	gimeracil	85-89	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	114-145
12044515-1	2002	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), a potent inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), to enhance the antitumour activity of the fluoropyrimidines.	gimeracil	85-89	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	147-150
12044515-3	2002	However, CDHP did inhibit 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) degradation and enhanced 5-FU cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner in two human tumour cell lines (MIAPaCa-2 and HuTu80) with relatively high basal DPD activity.	gimeracil	9-13	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	208-211
11290431-12	2001	Furthermore, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), a potent DPD inhibitor, enhanced the sensitivity to 5-FU.	gimeracil	13-43	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	61-64
11497250-1	2001	S-1 is a new oral formulation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) containing 1 M tegafur and 0.4 M 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) and 1 M potassium oxonate (Oxo).	gimeracil	88-118	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
11497250-1	2001	S-1 is a new oral formulation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) containing 1 M tegafur and 0.4 M 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) and 1 M potassium oxonate (Oxo).	gimeracil	120-124	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
11290431-12	2001	Furthermore, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), a potent DPD inhibitor, enhanced the sensitivity to 5-FU.	gimeracil	45-49	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	61-64
10901361-2	2000	This study set out to evaluate, in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma, the efficacy and toxicity of S-1, which contains tegafur, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) and potassium oxonate, based on a biochemical modulation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) targeted at inhibition of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD).	gimeracil	140-170	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	111-114
10363584-1	1999	S-1 [1 M tegafur (FT)-0.4 M 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP)-1 M potassium oxonate (Oxo)], was developed as a new oral antineoplastic agent based on biochemical modulation of fluorouracil (5-FU) by CDHP and Oxo.	gimeracil	28-58	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
10545788-5	1999	Therefore, to overcome these metabolic events, S-1, an antitumor agent was developed, based on the biochemical modulation of FT by 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) and potassium oxonate (Oxo), in a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1.	gimeracil	131-161	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	47-50
10473078-1	1999	S-1 is a novel oral fluorouracil antitumor drug that combines three pharmacological agents: tegafur (FT), which is a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), which inhibits dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity; and potassium oxonate (Oxo), which reduces gastrointestinal toxicity.	gimeracil	151-181	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
10473078-1	1999	S-1 is a novel oral fluorouracil antitumor drug that combines three pharmacological agents: tegafur (FT), which is a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), which inhibits dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity; and potassium oxonate (Oxo), which reduces gastrointestinal toxicity.	gimeracil	183-187	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
10363584-1	1999	S-1 [1 M tegafur (FT)-0.4 M 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP)-1 M potassium oxonate (Oxo)], was developed as a new oral antineoplastic agent based on biochemical modulation of fluorouracil (5-FU) by CDHP and Oxo.	gimeracil	60-64	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
10363584-1	1999	S-1 [1 M tegafur (FT)-0.4 M 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP)-1 M potassium oxonate (Oxo)], was developed as a new oral antineoplastic agent based on biochemical modulation of fluorouracil (5-FU) by CDHP and Oxo.	gimeracil	203-207	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
32686977-6	2021	The DPD inhibitor, gimeracil, could block this degradation, which indicated that DPD was the main factor.	gimeracil	19-28	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	4-7
9140762-0	1997	Determination of S-1 (combined drug of tegafur, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine and potassium oxonate) and 5-fluorouracil in human plasma and urine using high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry.	gimeracil	48-78	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	17-20
9140762-1	1997	A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC-NICI-MS) method was developed for the analysis of the combined antitumor drug S-1 (tegafur, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine and potassium oxonate) and active metabolite 5-fluorouracil in human plasma and urine.	gimeracil	218-248	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	204-207
9021668-1	1996	S-1 is a new antineoplastic agent of a fluorinated pyrimidine derivative containing tegafur (FT), 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) and potassium oxonate (Oxo) in a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1 with the aim of prolonging the effective plasma concentration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and reducing its dose-limiting gastrointestinal toxicity.	gimeracil	98-128	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
9021668-1	1996	S-1 is a new antineoplastic agent of a fluorinated pyrimidine derivative containing tegafur (FT), 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) and potassium oxonate (Oxo) in a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1 with the aim of prolonging the effective plasma concentration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and reducing its dose-limiting gastrointestinal toxicity.	gimeracil	130-134	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
33593544-4	2021	Western blot of joint tissues showed that cDHPS significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of IkappaB, p65, JNK, p38, ERK1/2, AKT, PI3K, JAK1 and STAT3 in CIA mice.	gimeracil	42-47	v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian)	Mus musculus	104-107
33593544-4	2021	Western blot of joint tissues showed that cDHPS significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of IkappaB, p65, JNK, p38, ERK1/2, AKT, PI3K, JAK1 and STAT3 in CIA mice.	gimeracil	42-47	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	109-112
33593544-4	2021	Western blot of joint tissues showed that cDHPS significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of IkappaB, p65, JNK, p38, ERK1/2, AKT, PI3K, JAK1 and STAT3 in CIA mice.	gimeracil	42-47	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	114-117
33593544-4	2021	Western blot of joint tissues showed that cDHPS significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of IkappaB, p65, JNK, p38, ERK1/2, AKT, PI3K, JAK1 and STAT3 in CIA mice.	gimeracil	42-47	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	119-125
33593544-4	2021	Western blot of joint tissues showed that cDHPS significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of IkappaB, p65, JNK, p38, ERK1/2, AKT, PI3K, JAK1 and STAT3 in CIA mice.	gimeracil	42-47	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	127-130
33593544-4	2021	Western blot of joint tissues showed that cDHPS significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of IkappaB, p65, JNK, p38, ERK1/2, AKT, PI3K, JAK1 and STAT3 in CIA mice.	gimeracil	42-47	Janus kinase 1	Mus musculus	138-142
33593544-4	2021	Western blot of joint tissues showed that cDHPS significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of IkappaB, p65, JNK, p38, ERK1/2, AKT, PI3K, JAK1 and STAT3 in CIA mice.	gimeracil	42-47	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	147-152
32686977-6	2021	The DPD inhibitor, gimeracil, could block this degradation, which indicated that DPD was the main factor.	gimeracil	19-28	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	81-84
33564297-10	2020	After third-line oral S-1 (tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil) administration, the serum AFP level significantly dropped and the patient achieved long-term disease control without relapse, surviving more than 19 months after disease presentation.	gimeracil	35-44	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	81-84
29445512-2	2018	The eye disorder that is most frequently reported in the cancer chemotherapy is associated with the combination of tegafur/gimeracil/potassium oxonate (S-1).	gimeracil	123-132	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	152-155
31011915-1	2019	BACKGROUND: S-1 is an oral anticancer drug composed of tegafur (FT), which is a prodrug of 5-FU, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), and potassium oxonate.	gimeracil	97-127	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	12-15
31011915-1	2019	BACKGROUND: S-1 is an oral anticancer drug composed of tegafur (FT), which is a prodrug of 5-FU, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), and potassium oxonate.	gimeracil	129-133	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	12-15
31011915-4	2019	The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between tears and plasma concentrations of FT, 5-FU, and CDHP, which are components and active modulator of S-1.	gimeracil	114-118	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	165-168
32793829-1	2020	S-1 is an anticancer agent that is comprised of tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil potassium, and is widely used in various carcinomas including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).	gimeracil	57-66	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
30524750-1	2018	Background: S-1 (a combination of tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil) is used to treat various cancers.	gimeracil	43-52	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	12-15
29580411-4	2018	ELISA determination revealed that cDHP can inhibit CS-induced enhancement in TNF-alpha and IL-1beta secretion in serum and lung.	gimeracil	34-38	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	77-86
29580411-4	2018	ELISA determination revealed that cDHP can inhibit CS-induced enhancement in TNF-alpha and IL-1beta secretion in serum and lung.	gimeracil	34-38	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	91-99
28698442-1	2017	S-1 is an oral antineoplastic agent containing tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil potassium.	gimeracil	56-65	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
28927087-1	2017	Gimeracil or 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) enhances the antitumor effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by inhibiting dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which is involved in the degradation of 5-FU.	gimeracil	13-43	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	121-152
28927087-1	2017	Gimeracil or 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) enhances the antitumor effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by inhibiting dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which is involved in the degradation of 5-FU.	gimeracil	13-43	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	154-157
28927087-1	2017	Gimeracil or 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) enhances the antitumor effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by inhibiting dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which is involved in the degradation of 5-FU.	gimeracil	45-49	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	121-152
28927087-1	2017	Gimeracil or 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) enhances the antitumor effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by inhibiting dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which is involved in the degradation of 5-FU.	gimeracil	45-49	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	154-157
28927087-6	2017	The expression levels of DNA double strand break repair proteins, including Ku70, DNA-dependent-protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), Rad50 and Rad51 in CDHP and/or CDDP-treated cells were detected using western blotting.	gimeracil	160-164	protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	130-138
28927087-6	2017	The expression levels of DNA double strand break repair proteins, including Ku70, DNA-dependent-protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), Rad50 and Rad51 in CDHP and/or CDDP-treated cells were detected using western blotting.	gimeracil	160-164	RAD50 double strand break repair protein	Homo sapiens	141-146
28927087-6	2017	The expression levels of DNA double strand break repair proteins, including Ku70, DNA-dependent-protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), Rad50 and Rad51 in CDHP and/or CDDP-treated cells were detected using western blotting.	gimeracil	160-164	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	151-156
28927087-9	2017	Western blotting demonstrated that the expression levels of Ku70, DNA-PKcs, Rad50 and Rad51 were downregulated in cells treated with CDHP and CDDP combination treatment.	gimeracil	133-137	X-ray repair cross complementing 6	Homo sapiens	60-64
28927087-9	2017	Western blotting demonstrated that the expression levels of Ku70, DNA-PKcs, Rad50 and Rad51 were downregulated in cells treated with CDHP and CDDP combination treatment.	gimeracil	133-137	protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	66-74
28927087-9	2017	Western blotting demonstrated that the expression levels of Ku70, DNA-PKcs, Rad50 and Rad51 were downregulated in cells treated with CDHP and CDDP combination treatment.	gimeracil	133-137	RAD50 double strand break repair protein	Homo sapiens	76-81
28927087-9	2017	Western blotting demonstrated that the expression levels of Ku70, DNA-PKcs, Rad50 and Rad51 were downregulated in cells treated with CDHP and CDDP combination treatment.	gimeracil	133-137	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	86-91
29191594-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: S-1 is an oral fluoropyrimidine-based combination of tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil potassium.	gimeracil	76-85	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	14-17
28927087-1	2017	Gimeracil or 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) enhances the antitumor effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by inhibiting dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which is involved in the degradation of 5-FU.	gimeracil	0-9	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	121-152
28927087-1	2017	Gimeracil or 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) enhances the antitumor effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by inhibiting dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which is involved in the degradation of 5-FU.	gimeracil	0-9	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	154-157
25169655-8	2015	The DPD inhibitor, 5-chloro-2, 4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) significantly enhanced 5-FU-induced apoptosis of CD44(high)/ESA(low) cells.	gimeracil	19-50	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	4-7
27966431-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: The use of adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 (tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil potassium) has been shown to improve the outcome of patients with gastric cancer.	gimeracil	66-75	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	52-55
27643822-3	2017	S-1 (Teysuno ), an oral formulation containing the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) prodrug tegafur and the two enzyme modulators gimeracil and oteracil, has not been available in non-Asia countries until recently.	gimeracil	119-128	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
27980246-1	2017	S-1 is a new oral fluoropyrimidine formulation that comprises tegafur, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine, and potassium oxonate.	gimeracil	71-101	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
25810324-1	2015	S-1 is an oral 5-fluorouracil agent containing tegafur, 5-chloro-2, 4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), and potassium oxonate.	gimeracil	56-87	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
25810324-1	2015	S-1 is an oral 5-fluorouracil agent containing tegafur, 5-chloro-2, 4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), and potassium oxonate.	gimeracil	89-93	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
26396918-6	2015	Conversely, gimeracil, a DPD inhibitor, markedly increased the intracellular 5-FU concentration, decreased the intracellular FUPA concentration, and attenuated 5-FU resistance of TE-5R cells.	gimeracil	12-21	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	25-28
28159957-1	2017	Background: S-1 is a combination of tegafur [metabolized to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)] with the modulators gimeracil (5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine) and oteracil potassium.	gimeracil	103-112	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	12-15
28159957-1	2017	Background: S-1 is a combination of tegafur [metabolized to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)] with the modulators gimeracil (5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine) and oteracil potassium.	gimeracil	114-144	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	12-15
28496035-1	2017	S-1 is an anticancer agent that consists of tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil potassium at a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1.	gimeracil	53-62	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
25169655-8	2015	The DPD inhibitor, 5-chloro-2, 4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) significantly enhanced 5-FU-induced apoptosis of CD44(high)/ESA(low) cells.	gimeracil	19-50	cadherin 3	Homo sapiens	52-56
25169655-8	2015	The DPD inhibitor, 5-chloro-2, 4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) significantly enhanced 5-FU-induced apoptosis of CD44(high)/ESA(low) cells.	gimeracil	19-50	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	107-111
25550798-15	2014	Celecoxib and celecoxib in combination with tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil potassium possibly by reducing the expression of COX-2, in turn down-regulating the expression of VEGF-C, resulted in the inhibition of lymphangiogenesis.	gimeracil	52-61	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	120-125
25360167-10	2014	Due to the results obtained in the current study, we hypothesize that CDHP enhanced the antitumor efficacy of 5-FU by inhibiting the excess DPD protein produced by the tumor.	gimeracil	70-74	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	140-143
25550798-15	2014	Celecoxib and celecoxib in combination with tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil potassium possibly by reducing the expression of COX-2, in turn down-regulating the expression of VEGF-C, resulted in the inhibition of lymphangiogenesis.	gimeracil	52-61	vascular endothelial growth factor C	Mus musculus	169-175
25109221-1	2014	INTRODUCTION: S-1 is an oral fluoropyrimidine derivative, including three pharmacological compounds: tegafur, gimeracil and oteracil, in a molar ratio of 1: 0.4: 1.	gimeracil	110-119	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	14-17
21675835-8	2011	One oral fluoropyrimidine, S-1, is novel as it combines tegafur, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine and potassium oxonate.	gimeracil	65-95	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	27-30
25032886-1	2014	INTRODUCTION: S-1 is an oral fluoropyrimidine that consists of tegafur, 5-chloro-2, 4-dihydroxypyridine and potassium oxonate.	gimeracil	72-103	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	14-17
23719766-1	2013	S-1 (Teysuno( )) is an oral anticancer agent comprising the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) prodrug tegafur and targeted modulators, gimeracil and oteracil.	gimeracil	123-132	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
22860709-2	2012	S-1 , a fourth-generation oral fluoropyrimidine that combines tegafur and two biochemical modulators: gimeracil and oteracil potassium, is now attracting considerable interest.	gimeracil	102-111	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
22241359-1	2012	The S-1(tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil potassium)granule was developed to meet the needs of patients with cancer.	gimeracil	16-25	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	4-7
21673602-1	2011	INTRODUCTION: S-1 is a rationally designed oral agent that combines the 5-fluorouracil prodrug tegafur with gimeracil and oteracil, which inhibit 5-fluorouracil degradation by dihydropyrimidine dehydronase and phosphorylation within the gastrointestinal tract, respectively, to increase antineoplastic activity while reducing gastrointestinal toxicity.	gimeracil	108-117	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	14-17
23313143-7	2013	Gimeracil, a DPD inhibitor, was checked whether it could reverse the reduced bioavailability of 5-FU.	gimeracil	0-9	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	13-16
23710321-2	2013	Here, we report a case of advanced metastatic CBD cancer successfully treated by chemotherapy with gemcitabine combined with S-1 (tegafur+gimeracil+oteracil).	gimeracil	138-147	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	125-128
23420099-7	2013	Gimeracil, a DPYD inhibitor, enhanced the sensitivity of some cells to 5-FU but decreased the sensitivity of all the cells to CDDP.	gimeracil	0-9	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	13-17
22510597-1	2012	Gimeracil, an inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD), partially inhibits homologous recombination (HR) repair and has a radiosensitizing effect as well as enhanced sensitivity to Camptothecin (CPT).	gimeracil	0-9	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	27-58
22510597-1	2012	Gimeracil, an inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD), partially inhibits homologous recombination (HR) repair and has a radiosensitizing effect as well as enhanced sensitivity to Camptothecin (CPT).	gimeracil	0-9	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	60-64
21668582-0	2011	Gimeracil, an inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, inhibits the early step in homologous recombination.	gimeracil	0-9	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	27-58
21668582-1	2011	Gimeracil (5-chloro-2, 4-dihydroxypyridine) is an inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD), which degrades pyrimidine including 5-fluorouracil in the blood.	gimeracil	0-9	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	63-94
21668582-1	2011	Gimeracil (5-chloro-2, 4-dihydroxypyridine) is an inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD), which degrades pyrimidine including 5-fluorouracil in the blood.	gimeracil	0-9	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	96-100
21668582-1	2011	Gimeracil (5-chloro-2, 4-dihydroxypyridine) is an inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD), which degrades pyrimidine including 5-fluorouracil in the blood.	gimeracil	11-42	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	63-94
21668582-1	2011	Gimeracil (5-chloro-2, 4-dihydroxypyridine) is an inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD), which degrades pyrimidine including 5-fluorouracil in the blood.	gimeracil	11-42	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	96-100
21668582-6	2011	siRNA for DPYD were transfected to HeLa cells to investigate the target protein for radiosensitization with gimeracil.	gimeracil	108-117	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	10-14
21668582-9	2011	Gimeracil restrained the formation of foci of Rad51 and replication protein A (RPA), whereas it increased the number of foci of Nbs1, Mre11, Rad50, and FancD2.	gimeracil	0-9	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	46-51
21668582-9	2011	Gimeracil restrained the formation of foci of Rad51 and replication protein A (RPA), whereas it increased the number of foci of Nbs1, Mre11, Rad50, and FancD2.	gimeracil	0-9	nibrin	Homo sapiens	128-132
21668582-9	2011	Gimeracil restrained the formation of foci of Rad51 and replication protein A (RPA), whereas it increased the number of foci of Nbs1, Mre11, Rad50, and FancD2.	gimeracil	0-9	MRE11 homolog, double strand break repair nuclease	Homo sapiens	134-139
21668582-9	2011	Gimeracil restrained the formation of foci of Rad51 and replication protein A (RPA), whereas it increased the number of foci of Nbs1, Mre11, Rad50, and FancD2.	gimeracil	0-9	RAD50 double strand break repair protein	Homo sapiens	141-146
21668582-9	2011	Gimeracil restrained the formation of foci of Rad51 and replication protein A (RPA), whereas it increased the number of foci of Nbs1, Mre11, Rad50, and FancD2.	gimeracil	0-9	FA complementation group D2	Homo sapiens	152-158
21668582-15	2011	It was found that DPYD is the target protein for radiosensitization by gimeracil.	gimeracil	71-80	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	18-22
21668582-16	2011	The inhibitors of DPYD, such as gimeracil, could enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy through partial suppression of HR-mediated DNA repair.	gimeracil	32-41	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	18-22
21378348-1	2011	UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gimeracil (CDHP), a reversible dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and other related metabolites by comparing the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of S-1 (tegafur [FT] + CDHP + oteracil potassium [Oxo]) to that of FT alone.	gimeracil	71-80	cadherin 3	Homo sapiens	82-86
21487460-2	2011	We describe the case of a 76-year-old male showing transient effectiveness with an oral 5-fluorouracil derivative, S-1 (tegafur, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine and potassium oxonate), for epirubicin, cyclophosphamide and paclitaxel refractory skin metastases from possible occult breast cancer.	gimeracil	129-159	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	115-118
21378348-1	2011	UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gimeracil (CDHP), a reversible dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and other related metabolites by comparing the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of S-1 (tegafur [FT] + CDHP + oteracil potassium [Oxo]) to that of FT alone.	gimeracil	71-80	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	102-133
21378348-1	2011	UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gimeracil (CDHP), a reversible dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and other related metabolites by comparing the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of S-1 (tegafur [FT] + CDHP + oteracil potassium [Oxo]) to that of FT alone.	gimeracil	71-80	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	135-138
21378348-1	2011	UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gimeracil (CDHP), a reversible dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and other related metabolites by comparing the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of S-1 (tegafur [FT] + CDHP + oteracil potassium [Oxo]) to that of FT alone.	gimeracil	71-80	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	279-282
21378348-1	2011	UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gimeracil (CDHP), a reversible dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and other related metabolites by comparing the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of S-1 (tegafur [FT] + CDHP + oteracil potassium [Oxo]) to that of FT alone.	gimeracil	71-80	cadherin 3	Homo sapiens	299-303
21963999-1	2011	The product Teysuno  (S-1) contains tegafur, a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and two modulators of 5-FU metabolism, gimeracil and oteracil.	gimeracil	120-129	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	22-25
21968463-1	2011	BACKGROUND: S-1 is a novel oral agent combining the 5-fluorouracil (FU) prodrug tegafur with gimeracil and oteracil, which inhibit 5-FU degradation by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and phosphorylation within the gastrointestinal tract, respectively.	gimeracil	93-102	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	12-15
22162925-1	2011	S-1 is a combination of three pharmacological compounds, namely tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil potassium.	gimeracil	73-82	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
18309485-3	2008	S-1 is a novel oral fluoropyrimidine derivative consisting of Tegafur (FT) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitor (5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine; CDHP).	gimeracil	128-158	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	79-110
19921195-1	2010	PURPOSE: S-1 is an oral anticancer drug containing tegafur (FT), a pro-drug of fluorouracil, combined with two modulators, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine and potassium oxonate (Oxo), at a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1.	gimeracil	123-153	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	9-12
19724848-1	2009	S-1, an oral fluorouracil antitumor drug, is composed of three agents: tegafur (FT), 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), and potassium oxonate (Oxo).	gimeracil	85-115	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2	Mus musculus	0-3
19724848-10	2009	Western blot analysis revealed that treatment with 5-FU and CDHP suppressed expression of integrins alphav, alpha3, alpha6, beta1, beta3, beta4, beta5, and beta6.	gimeracil	60-64	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	108-136
19724848-10	2009	Western blot analysis revealed that treatment with 5-FU and CDHP suppressed expression of integrins alphav, alpha3, alpha6, beta1, beta3, beta4, beta5, and beta6.	gimeracil	60-64	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	138-143
19724848-10	2009	Western blot analysis revealed that treatment with 5-FU and CDHP suppressed expression of integrins alphav, alpha3, alpha6, beta1, beta3, beta4, beta5, and beta6.	gimeracil	60-64	integrin beta 5	Mus musculus	145-161
19243284-2	2009	S-1 consists of tegafur, a prodrug of 5-FU combined with two 5-FU biochemical modulators:5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (gimeracil or CDHP), a competitive inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and oteracil potassium which inhibits phosphorylation of 5-FU in the gastrointestinal tract decreasing serious gastrointestinal toxicities,including nausea, vomiting, stomatitis and diarrhea.	gimeracil	121-130	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
19052037-8	2009	Thus, S-1 combines FT, CDHP and Oxo at a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1.	gimeracil	23-27	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	6-9
20559897-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Irinotecan and S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine composed of tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil potassium, have demonstrated antitumor activity against advanced gastric cancer.	gimeracil	78-87	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	27-30
22966328-3	2010	An oral combined fluoropyrimidine drug, S-1 (tegafur, gimeracil and oteracil), has recently been introduced alone or in combination with gemcitabine for BDC.	gimeracil	54-63	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	40-43
19822965-1	2009	We developed a rapid, simple and sensitive LC/MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantitation of tegafur (FT) and gimeracil (CDHP) in human plasma with a concentration range of 20-5000 and 2-500 ng/mL, respectively.	gimeracil	113-122	cadherin 3	Homo sapiens	124-128
19632949-1	2009	S-1 (also known as TS-1; Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; Tokyo, Japan) is a new oral fluoropyrimidine formulation that combines tegafur, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), and potassium oxonate in a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1.	gimeracil	136-166	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
25949315-2	2009	The plasma concentration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is increased in patients with renal dysfunction because gimeracil in S-1 inhibits the degradation of 5-FU and about 50% of gimeracil is excreted in the urine.	gimeracil	106-115	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	119-122
25949315-2	2009	The plasma concentration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is increased in patients with renal dysfunction because gimeracil in S-1 inhibits the degradation of 5-FU and about 50% of gimeracil is excreted in the urine.	gimeracil	173-182	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	119-122
18309485-3	2008	S-1 is a novel oral fluoropyrimidine derivative consisting of Tegafur (FT) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitor (5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine; CDHP).	gimeracil	128-158	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	112-115
18172246-5	2008	Interestingly, addition of a dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitor, such as uracil, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine, or eniluracil, to the fluoropyrimidine treatment regimen significantly diminishes the incidence of HFS.	gimeracil	94-124	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	29-60
19093184-8	2008	S-1 is a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and contains 5-chloro-2-4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), an inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) that rapidly degrades 5-FU.	gimeracil	56-86	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	111-142
19093184-8	2008	S-1 is a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and contains 5-chloro-2-4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), an inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) that rapidly degrades 5-FU.	gimeracil	56-86	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	144-147
18799915-5	2008	Clinicians need to be alert especially to renal dysfunction that induces severe myelosuppression during chemotherapy with S-1, which contains 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), a renal excretory inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD).	gimeracil	142-172	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	122-125
18799915-5	2008	Clinicians need to be alert especially to renal dysfunction that induces severe myelosuppression during chemotherapy with S-1, which contains 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), a renal excretory inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD).	gimeracil	142-172	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	212-243
18799915-5	2008	Clinicians need to be alert especially to renal dysfunction that induces severe myelosuppression during chemotherapy with S-1, which contains 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), a renal excretory inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD).	gimeracil	142-172	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	245-248
18172246-5	2008	Interestingly, addition of a dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitor, such as uracil, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine, or eniluracil, to the fluoropyrimidine treatment regimen significantly diminishes the incidence of HFS.	gimeracil	94-124	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	62-65
17982671-7	2007	CDHP (5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine), an inhibitor of DPD, had an enhancing effect on the apoptotic ability of 5-FU alone or 5-FU/Zeb combination.	gimeracil	0-4	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	55-58
17982671-7	2007	CDHP (5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine), an inhibitor of DPD, had an enhancing effect on the apoptotic ability of 5-FU alone or 5-FU/Zeb combination.	gimeracil	6-36	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	55-58
17699726-7	2007	Coadministration of a selective DPD inhibitor, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), enhanced the antiproliferative effect of 5-FU and IFN-alpha on KYN-3 approximately 4-fold.	gimeracil	47-77	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	32-35
17708166-2	2007	CFOs should ensure that increased cost exposure in CDHPs is paired with broad, deep disease management and employee assistance support.	gimeracil	51-56	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	0-4
17699726-10	2007	Inhibition of DPD activity by CDHP may enhance the efficacy of IFN-alpha and 5-FU combination therapy in patients with HCC showing resistance to this therapy.	gimeracil	30-34	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	14-17
17940834-11	2007	In NUGC-3/5FU/L, 5-FU-enhanced expression of TS mRNA was inhibited by the addition of CDHP.	gimeracil	86-90	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	45-47
17699726-7	2007	Coadministration of a selective DPD inhibitor, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), enhanced the antiproliferative effect of 5-FU and IFN-alpha on KYN-3 approximately 4-fold.	gimeracil	47-77	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	136-145
17699726-10	2007	Inhibition of DPD activity by CDHP may enhance the efficacy of IFN-alpha and 5-FU combination therapy in patients with HCC showing resistance to this therapy.	gimeracil	30-34	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	63-72
17699726-7	2007	Coadministration of a selective DPD inhibitor, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), enhanced the antiproliferative effect of 5-FU and IFN-alpha on KYN-3 approximately 4-fold.	gimeracil	79-83	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	32-35
17699726-7	2007	Coadministration of a selective DPD inhibitor, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), enhanced the antiproliferative effect of 5-FU and IFN-alpha on KYN-3 approximately 4-fold.	gimeracil	79-83	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	136-145
17092280-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: To measure dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), an enzyme involved in the metabolism of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), expression in prostate cancer and determine whether 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), a potent inhibitor of DPD, enhances the antitumoral activity of 5-FU against prostate cancer.	gimeracil	208-212	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	22-53
17603216-1	2007	BACKGROUND: TS-1 is a combination preparation of tegafur, a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), with gimeracil, a potent inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which mediates the inactivation of 5-FU.	gimeracil	99-108	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	132-163
17603216-1	2007	BACKGROUND: TS-1 is a combination preparation of tegafur, a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), with gimeracil, a potent inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which mediates the inactivation of 5-FU.	gimeracil	99-108	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	165-168
17603216-4	2007	METHODS: We developed a model incorporating the inhibition of DPD by gimeracil and uracil, and fitted the model to the observed kinetics of tegafur and 5-FU after the administration of TS-1 and UFT.	gimeracil	69-78	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	62-65
17092280-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: To measure dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), an enzyme involved in the metabolism of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), expression in prostate cancer and determine whether 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), a potent inhibitor of DPD, enhances the antitumoral activity of 5-FU against prostate cancer.	gimeracil	208-212	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	55-58
16317557-7	2006	Interleukin (IL)-2 production by spleen cells stimulated with concanavalin A was significantly lower in the FT + CDHP group than in the S-1 group.	gimeracil	113-117	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-18