PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
7991450-6	1994	Atropine (10(-5) M) prevented the motor effect of motilin, erythromycin, and prostigmine.	Atropine	0-8	promotilin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	50-57
7761789-8	1994	Following treatment of dichlorvos poisoning with atropine, obidoxime and diazepam, the delayed and lower increase of TAT activity was observed.	Atropine	49-57	tyrosine aminotransferase	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
8298998-2	1993	Augmentation of c-fos and NGFI-A mRNA by light is apparently associated with activation of cholinergic nicotinic and muscarinic receptors as it can be suppressed by the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine and the muscarinic antagonist atropine.	Atropine	233-241	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	16-21
8298998-2	1993	Augmentation of c-fos and NGFI-A mRNA by light is apparently associated with activation of cholinergic nicotinic and muscarinic receptors as it can be suppressed by the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine and the muscarinic antagonist atropine.	Atropine	233-241	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-32
8262183-4	1993	Phosphorylation of the m3-muscarinic receptor was agonist dependent, reaching a maximum after 10 min exposure to carbachol (1 mM) and was completely blocked by atropine (10 microM).	Atropine	160-168	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3	Homo sapiens	23-45
8134614-2	1993	Carbachol stimulated secretion of neurotensin concentration-dependently in the range of 10(-6) - 10(-4) M. The neurotensin secretion stimulated with 10(-5) M carbachol was completely inhibited by atropine at 10(-5) M. Phorbol ester and calcium ionophore (A23187) stimulated secretion of neurotensin.	Atropine	196-204	neurotensin	Homo sapiens	34-45
8128898-8	1993	On the other hand, the ODC activity of control segments were decreased by hexamethonium or atropine.	Atropine	91-99	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
8279568-5	1993	These gastric responses were blocked by bilateral cervical vagotomy and by atropine, suggesting that intramedullary PP stimulates vagal cholinergic pathways, resulting in enhanced gastric functions.	Atropine	75-83	pancreatic polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	116-118
8279555-5	1993	In normal animals, atropine resulted in approximately 40% inhibition of mucin secretion in both the proximal and distal small intestine.	Atropine	19-27	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	72-77
8134614-2	1993	Carbachol stimulated secretion of neurotensin concentration-dependently in the range of 10(-6) - 10(-4) M. The neurotensin secretion stimulated with 10(-5) M carbachol was completely inhibited by atropine at 10(-5) M. Phorbol ester and calcium ionophore (A23187) stimulated secretion of neurotensin.	Atropine	196-204	neurotensin	Homo sapiens	111-122
8134614-2	1993	Carbachol stimulated secretion of neurotensin concentration-dependently in the range of 10(-6) - 10(-4) M. The neurotensin secretion stimulated with 10(-5) M carbachol was completely inhibited by atropine at 10(-5) M. Phorbol ester and calcium ionophore (A23187) stimulated secretion of neurotensin.	Atropine	196-204	neurotensin	Homo sapiens	111-122
8278624-3	1993	Atropine, hexamethonium and atropine plus hexamethonium treatment blocked food-induced release of PYY significantly.	Atropine	0-8	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	98-101
8278624-3	1993	Atropine, hexamethonium and atropine plus hexamethonium treatment blocked food-induced release of PYY significantly.	Atropine	28-36	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	98-101
8278624-4	1993	Integrated release of PYY in response to food alone and in combination with atropine, hexamethonium and atropine plus hexamethonium were 8.8 +/- 2.2, -1.1 +/- 2.3, -2.7 +/- 2.2 and -3.2 +/- 3.1 (ng (0-150) min/ml), respectively.	Atropine	76-84	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	22-25
8278624-4	1993	Integrated release of PYY in response to food alone and in combination with atropine, hexamethonium and atropine plus hexamethonium were 8.8 +/- 2.2, -1.1 +/- 2.3, -2.7 +/- 2.2 and -3.2 +/- 3.1 (ng (0-150) min/ml), respectively.	Atropine	104-112	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	22-25
8278624-8	1993	Together, these data suggest that food-stimulated PYY secretion is dependent on ganglionic transmission and an atropine-blockable postganglionic parasympathetic pathway; and that PYY release is inhibited tonically, probably through a vagal cholinergic mechanism.	Atropine	111-119	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	50-53
8217197-5	1993	The increase in NEP activity in methacholine-induced secretions was prevented by atropine (0.13 +/- 0.06 pmol/min/ml).	Atropine	81-89	membrane metalloendopeptidase	Homo sapiens	16-19
7694501-4	1993	TRH (2-45 pmol, n = 16) microinjected into the same sites increased intragastric pressure as well as pyloric and greater curvature motility, and these effects were abolished by bilateral cervical vagotomy and atropine (0.5-1.0 mg/kg iv) but not by spinal cord transection.	Atropine	209-217	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
8236019-9	1993	Tetrodotoxin (1 mumol/L) and atropine (1 mumol/L) caused a rightward shift of the dose-response curve for CCK-8-stimulated sphincter relaxation.	Atropine	29-37	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	106-109
8112503-4	1993	Platelet-activating factor (PAF) caused contraction of the rat stomach fundus in a concentration-dependent manner in the presence of atropine, guanethidine, chlorpheniramine, methylsergide, indomethacin, nordihydroguaiaretic acid and tetrodotoxin.	Atropine	133-141	PCNA clamp associated factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-26
8112503-4	1993	Platelet-activating factor (PAF) caused contraction of the rat stomach fundus in a concentration-dependent manner in the presence of atropine, guanethidine, chlorpheniramine, methylsergide, indomethacin, nordihydroguaiaretic acid and tetrodotoxin.	Atropine	133-141	PCNA clamp associated factor	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
7505094-8	1993	This latent effect of cadmium on pancreatic secretions and plasma levels of PP was abolished by an iv injection of 100 mg/kg atropine.	Atropine	125-133	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	76-78
8143235-4	1993	Atropine attenuated PYY"s excitatory effect on duodenal pressure of rats.	Atropine	0-8	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
8242254-15	1993	However, when the animals were pretreated with atropine, ANP infusion significantly reduced the increase in Rrs induced by histamine (30 +/- 2 vs 51 +/- 6 cmH2O l-1 s; P < 0.05).	Atropine	47-55	natriuretic peptides A	Oryctolagus cuniculus	57-60
7694326-4	1993	Atropine completely inhibited the pancreatic response to neurotensin.	Atropine	0-8	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	57-68
8281324-10	1993	Atropine, a non-specific muscarinic antagonist, also induced Fos immunoreactivity in the striatum but with matrix predominance (mostly in substance P neurons), as well as in the cingulate cortex, and the olfactory tubercle.	Atropine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
8134298-4	1993	A combination of atropine and hexamethonium eliminated the PYY-induced decrement in VIP output and left motor excitation unchanged.	Atropine	17-25	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	59-62
8134298-4	1993	A combination of atropine and hexamethonium eliminated the PYY-induced decrement in VIP output and left motor excitation unchanged.	Atropine	17-25	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	84-87
8160296-0	1993	Similarity of the effects of tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester, atropine, caffeine and antitumour alkylating agent on some biological functions of thrombin and platelet 12-lipoxygenase.	Atropine	60-68	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	143-151
8335196-7	1993	Atropine decreased VIP-induced bicarbonate secretion (-69%) and Isc (-43%).	Atropine	0-8	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	19-22
8223896-2	1993	The contractile responses to endothelin-1 were attenuated by atropine and augmented by neostigmine in the inferior caval and portal veins, but were not affected by either agent in the jugular vein.	Atropine	61-69	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	29-41
8368310-5	1993	Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, 5 micrograms.kg-1.5 min-1) stimulated duodenal HCO3- secretion, and this action was partly inhibited by atropine (0.1 mg.kg-1.5 min-1) but not by pirenzepine (1 mg.kg-1.5 min-1).	Atropine	140-148	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	31-34
7901378-3	1993	The effect of PAF was unaffected by atropine, methysergide or indomethacin, but prevented by a specific PAF receptor antagonist BN 52021.	Atropine	36-44	PCNA clamp associated factor	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
8105512-15	1993	Basal gastrin release was not altered by atropine which, however, tended to increase serum gastrin levels during infusion of hG (1-17) by 16-24 pg/ml.	Atropine	41-49	gastrin	Homo sapiens	91-98
7689401-19	1993	Atropine-resistant contractions to EFS were enhanced by indomethacin (10 microM) and reduced or abolished by the non-selective NK1/NK2 tachykinin receptor antagonist D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9 SP, and by the selective NK2 receptor antagonist MEN 10,376 (10 microM).7.	Atropine	0-8	tachykinin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	127-130
7689401-19	1993	Atropine-resistant contractions to EFS were enhanced by indomethacin (10 microM) and reduced or abolished by the non-selective NK1/NK2 tachykinin receptor antagonist D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9 SP, and by the selective NK2 receptor antagonist MEN 10,376 (10 microM).7.	Atropine	0-8	tachykinin receptor 2	Homo sapiens	131-134
7689401-19	1993	Atropine-resistant contractions to EFS were enhanced by indomethacin (10 microM) and reduced or abolished by the non-selective NK1/NK2 tachykinin receptor antagonist D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9 SP, and by the selective NK2 receptor antagonist MEN 10,376 (10 microM).7.	Atropine	0-8	tachykinin receptor 2	Homo sapiens	208-220
8403531-12	1993	The PHI- and VIP-stimulated secretions were inhibited by a VIP antagonist, but not by a glucagon antagonist, SCH23390 (a dopamine D-1 antagonist), L-364718 (a cholecystokinin antagonist) or atropine.	Atropine	190-198	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	13-16
8100836-5	1993	Pretreatment with atropine or hexamethonium completely abolished pancreatic protein response to low doses of CCK-8 (10-40 pmol/kg per h) but had only partial effect on doses > 40 pmol/kg per h. Bilateral vagotomy also abolished the pancreatic responses to low doses of CCK-8.	Atropine	18-26	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
8100836-5	1993	Pretreatment with atropine or hexamethonium completely abolished pancreatic protein response to low doses of CCK-8 (10-40 pmol/kg per h) but had only partial effect on doses > 40 pmol/kg per h. Bilateral vagotomy also abolished the pancreatic responses to low doses of CCK-8.	Atropine	18-26	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	272-275
8101430-3	1993	PACAP-stimulated release of PYY was inhibited significantly by atropine, whereas ganglionic or beta-adrenergic blockade with hexamethonium and propranolol treatment, respectively, did not affect PACAP-induced release of PYY significantly (P > 0.05).	Atropine	63-71	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	28-31
8104355-4	1993	Intravenous infusion of atropine significantly reduced the protein output (from 78.19 to 32.45 micrograms/min) and the plasma levels of CCK (from 10.1 to 5.55 fmol/ml), with no change in the remaining parameters in the intraduodenally perfused group.	Atropine	24-32	cholecystokinin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	136-139
8491502-11	1993	Phasic electrical stimulation induced release of norepinephrine; this was inhibited by endothelin-1 at high concentrations (4 x 10(-7) M) in the presence of atropine.	Atropine	157-165	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	87-99
8326095-6	1993	In an isolated atrial preparation in which the VIP outflow was measured, the tachycardia elicited after atropine had a frequency dependence similar to that obtained in vivo.	Atropine	104-112	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	47-50
8496822-5	1993	In the presence of THA, atropine induced a smaller increase in extracellular ACh concentrations than it did in the presence of physostigmine, under experimental conditions in which THA (100 microM) and physostigmine (10 microM) produced an equivalent effect on ChE activity.	Atropine	24-32	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	261-264
8097875-6	1993	Atropine and hexamethonium suppressed the stimulatory effect of neurotensin on volume, bicarbonate, and total protein output (p < 0.01).	Atropine	0-8	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	64-75
8097876-4	1993	Carbachol stimulated secretion of PST and SMT and intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in the range of 10(-6)-10(-4) M. The secretion and Ca2+ mobilization were inhibited by atropine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist.	Atropine	169-177	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	42-45
7684990-5	1993	Subsequent experiments in adult hens (the currently accepted animal model of choice for studies of OPIDN) showed that doses of CPS in excess of the LD50 in atropine-treated animals inhibited brain neurotoxic esterase (NTE) and produced mild to moderate ataxia.	Atropine	156-164	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 6	Gallus gallus	197-216
7684990-5	1993	Subsequent experiments in adult hens (the currently accepted animal model of choice for studies of OPIDN) showed that doses of CPS in excess of the LD50 in atropine-treated animals inhibited brain neurotoxic esterase (NTE) and produced mild to moderate ataxia.	Atropine	156-164	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 6	Gallus gallus	218-221
7683398-5	1993	Atropine inhibited responses to NKB but not to NKA, and slightly reduced those to SP.	Atropine	0-8	tachykinin precursor 3	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
8469394-6	1993	Both atropine (10 mg/kg) and pirenzepine (100 mg/kg) reduced FOS induction suggesting that a pirenzepine-sensitive muscarinic receptor was involved.	Atropine	5-13	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
8447367-6	1993	Based on the kinetic model we can predict an optimal fixed concentration ratio (Ofcor) between ACh and atropine that will maintain Cl- secretion above 40% of maximum over a wide concentration range, ACh 1-4,100 microM, and we have confirmed the predicted Ofcor experimentally.	Atropine	103-111	acyl-CoA thioesterase 7	Homo sapiens	199-204
8319134-9	1993	Atropine, a muscarinic antagonist, attenuated NPY"s (IT) excitatory effect on colonic pressure but did not alter the MAP response to this peptide.	Atropine	0-8	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
8450173-3	1993	Perfusion with the cholinergic receptor antagonists mecamylamine (5 microM) and atropine (1 microM) inhibited 70% of the stimulated secretion of AChE, demonstrating that most of the stimulated secretion was derived from chromaffin cells.	Atropine	80-88	acetylcholinesterase	Bos taurus	145-149
8450959-9	1993	Second, we found that chronic treatment with atropine (20 mg/kg per day for 14 days) decreased (by 54%) brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA levels in all areas of localization within the hippocampus.	Atropine	45-53	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	104-137
8446002-5	1993	In contrast, atropine (10(-7) M) reduced significantly the gastrin response at 2 Hz (270 +/- 78 pg/10 min, p < 0.01), but not at 10 Hz (446 +/- 87 pg/10 min, p > 0.05).	Atropine	13-21	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	59-66
8446002-6	1993	The combination of BN-antagonist and atropine elicited an inhibition of vagally stimulated gastrin release similar to each substance when given alone.	Atropine	37-45	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	91-98
8103186-5	1993	An almost complete reversal of the effect by physostigmine and potentiation by atropine indicate that AVP might act through an inhibition of the release of acetylcholine.	Atropine	79-87	arginine vasopressin	Mus musculus	102-105
7870867-0	1993	Effect of acute and chronic diisopropylfluorophosphate and atropine administration on somatostatin binding in the rat frontoparietal cortex and hippocampus.	Atropine	59-67	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	86-98
1476192-4	1992	Tetrodotoxin and atropine reduced the Isc response to beta-lactoglobulin in immune animals, whereas mecamylamine and ICS 205-930 were ineffective.	Atropine	17-25	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	54-72
1282602-0	1992	Differential effect of selective beta 1 and nonselective beta-adrenoceptor blockade on epinephrine and atropine response in normal humans.	Atropine	103-111	adrenoceptor beta 1	Homo sapiens	33-74
1425065-4	1992	However, in a previous study we demonstrated that erythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, stimulates gallbladder emptying and motilin release in healthy human subjects by an atropine-sensitive pathway.	Atropine	172-180	motilin	Homo sapiens	124-131
1450906-1	1992	The effects of intraseptal application of atropine on c-fos proto-oncogene expression related to soman treatment were studied by immunohistochemistry for c-Fos-like proteins.	Atropine	42-50	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	54-59
1450906-4	1992	The intraseptal application of atropine, which prevented soman-induced convulsions, reduced or even blocked c-Fos-like protein production related to soman treatment.	Atropine	31-39	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	108-113
1362689-7	1992	When the sphincter of Oddi was stimulated maximally with CCK in the presence of atropine (10(-6) M) or tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M), the contractile response was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) although not abolished.	Atropine	80-88	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	57-60
1404663-10	1992	Endothelin-1 caused a small but consistent attenuation of the atropine sensitive component of the neurogenic contraction, while it had no effect on the atropine resistant component.	Atropine	62-70	endothelin-1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-12
1446223-6	1992	The effect of iontophoretic atropine application to 4 CA1 complex-spike cells (presumed pyramidal cells) was a selective elimination of their bursting activity with no significant effect on overall firing rate.	Atropine	28-36	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
1433876-6	1992	A significant attenuation in heart rate response to intravenous atropine 10 micrograms.kg-1 was observed in patients receiving clonidine 5 micrograms.kg-1, as compared with that in the control group (P less than 0.01); maximal increases in heart rate were 15 +/- 8 and 22 +/- 6 beats.min-1 (mean +/- SD) in the clonidine and control groups, respectively.	Atropine	64-72	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	284-289
1458970-2	1992	In organ chamber experiments, both acetylcholine and bradykinin induced an endothelium-dependent relaxation of norepinephrine-contracted canine femoral arteries in a concentration-dependent manner; the relaxation induced by acetylcholine, but not that by bradykinin, was inhibited by anisodamine or atropine in a concentration-dependent manner.	Atropine	299-307	kininogen 1	Canis lupus familiaris	53-63
1635155-8	1992	VIP may increase the affinity of muscarinic receptors for ACh in canine corpus cavernosum because pretreatment with atropine alone before the simultaneous injection of ACh and VIP completely abolished the effect of the combination.	Atropine	116-124	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	0-3
1636705-3	1992	Atropine inhibited CCK-8 (10 ng.kg-1.h-1)-stimulated trypsin output by 84.0 +/- 7.7% and lipase output by 78.6 +/- 9.2%.	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	19-22
1636705-4	1992	The inhibition with atropine was much less with a CCK-8 dose of 40 ng.kg-1.h-1 (41.8 +/- 6.6% for trypsin and 46.3 +/- 7.3% for lipase).	Atropine	20-28	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	50-53
1636708-5	1992	Atropine given intravenously suppressed completely both pancreatic secretion and release of CCK stimulated by sodium oleate, whereas the release of secretin was not affected.	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	92-95
1636708-10	1992	It was shown previously that atropine inhibited significantly the pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate stimulated by secretin in physiological doses.	Atropine	29-37	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	116-124
1636708-11	1992	Thus we conclude that the inhibition by atropine of the pancreatic exocrine secretion stimulated by sodium oleate is mediated by both suppression of CCK release and inhibition of action of secretin on the exocrine pancreas.	Atropine	40-48	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	149-152
1636708-11	1992	Thus we conclude that the inhibition by atropine of the pancreatic exocrine secretion stimulated by sodium oleate is mediated by both suppression of CCK release and inhibition of action of secretin on the exocrine pancreas.	Atropine	40-48	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	189-197
1286691-5	1992	Atropin (0.03 mg/kg, subcutaneous injection, 10 min before infusion) absolutely takes away the gastrin-stimulating effect of magnesium, but it has almost no influence on the gastrin-inhibitory effect of calcium.	Atropine	0-7	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	95-102
1618285-7	1992	Furthermore, atropine sulfate (40 mg/kg ip), which prevented the depression of the CA1 PS, also blocked the depression of dfEPSP when iontophoresed at the apical dendritic recording site.	Atropine	13-29	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
1612336-6	1992	The inhibitory effect was also specific for certain agonists such as CCK (the action of which was partially mediated by cholinergic nerves, being depressed by atropine and abolished by tetrodotoxin), field stimulation, and nicotine.	Atropine	159-167	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	69-72
1379016-11	1992	The inhibitory action of CGRP was blocked by tetrodotoxin (10(-7) M) and by atropine (10(-7) M), but not by hexamethonium (10(-7) M).	Atropine	76-84	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	25-29
1590399-7	1992	Exogenous CCK increased sphincter of Oddi motility index and gallbladder pressure despite the simultaneous administration of octreotide alone (357 +/- 109 vs. 137 +/- 31, P less than 0.07, and 11.2 +/- 1.0 mmHg vs. 9.6 +/- 0.6 mmHg, P less than 0.05) or the combination of octreotide and atropine (317 +/- 69 vs. 59 +/- 19, P less than 0.05, and 10.1 +/- 1.6 mmHg vs. 8.5 +/- 1.4 mmHg, P less than 0.05).	Atropine	288-296	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	10-13
1529272-6	1992	The inhibitory effect of PACAP was not affected by hexamethonium and was additive to the inhibitory effect of atropine and pirenzepine.	Atropine	110-118	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-30
1529272-7	1992	3) PACAP inhibited smooth-muscle contractions induced by substance P, cholecystokinin, and galanin, even after atropine treatment.	Atropine	111-119	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	3-8
1318089-6	1992	In contrast, the modest increase in plasma gastrin induced by gastric perfusion with NaHCO3 was completely suppressed by the high atropine dose and was attenuated by small doses of atropine or telenzepine (0.01 mumol/kg and 1 mumol/kg).	Atropine	130-138	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	43-50
1318089-6	1992	In contrast, the modest increase in plasma gastrin induced by gastric perfusion with NaHCO3 was completely suppressed by the high atropine dose and was attenuated by small doses of atropine or telenzepine (0.01 mumol/kg and 1 mumol/kg).	Atropine	181-189	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	43-50
1348906-4	1992	Atropine partly inhibited the gastrin response (50%) and converted the somatostatin response to an increase above basal level.	Atropine	0-8	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	30-37
1348906-6	1992	A combination of atropine and the bombesin/GRP antagonist, like TTX, abolished the gastrin and somatostatin responses.	Atropine	17-25	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	83-90
1348908-7	1992	Furthermore, studies with atropine (1 x 10(-6) M) and tetrodotoxin (1 x 10(-6) M) indicated that CGRP-induced stimulation of somatostatin release and inhibition of ACh discharge occurred independent of muscarinic receptor activation and nerve excitation.	Atropine	26-34	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	97-101
1566862-11	1992	In contrast, atropine and the M1 receptor antagonist, pirenzepine, inhibited the release of NCA.	Atropine	13-21	CEA cell adhesion molecule 4	Homo sapiens	92-95
1380373-18	1992	NK2 receptors are also involved in the physiological-like circular muscle activation produced by stimulation of intramural neuronal pathways which subserve the atropine-resistant ascending enteric reflex.	Atropine	160-168	tachykinin receptor 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
1547726-7	1992	Electrical vagal stimulation of dogs resulted in a significant (P less than 0.05) release of PYY and PP, which was abolished by atropine treatment (2 mg/kg, iv).	Atropine	128-136	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	93-96
1547726-7	1992	Electrical vagal stimulation of dogs resulted in a significant (P less than 0.05) release of PYY and PP, which was abolished by atropine treatment (2 mg/kg, iv).	Atropine	128-136	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	101-103
1374193-5	1992	Desensitization to substance P in the presence of atropine prevented VIP-induced contraction.	Atropine	50-58	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	69-72
1574608-4	1992	However, omeprazole (proton pump inhibitor) and atropine inhibited amylin-stimulated pancreatic secretion.	Atropine	48-56	islet amyloid polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	67-73
1382366-7	1992	4) Atropine (10 mg/kg) inhibited SP-induced vascular reaction in both ddY and WBB6 F1-W/WV mice.	Atropine	3-11	tachykinin 1	Mus musculus	33-35
1373711-7	1992	Atropine (2 mg/kg) significantly diminished the responses of tracheal tension to SP and NKA, indicating a cholinergic contribution to these responses at all ages.	Atropine	0-8	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	81-83
1373711-7	1992	Atropine (2 mg/kg) significantly diminished the responses of tracheal tension to SP and NKA, indicating a cholinergic contribution to these responses at all ages.	Atropine	0-8	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	88-91
1311519-2	1992	Endothelin-1 produced a significant increase in glycoconjugate release from the isolated glands in a dose-dependent fashion, reaching a response of 161% of the control at 10(-6) M. Atropine, propranolol, phentolamine, or indomethacin did not produce any significant alterations in the ET-1-evoked glycoconjugate secretion from the isolated glands.	Atropine	181-189	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	0-12
1372072-6	1992	We measured the level of the rat cortical m1 mRNA after 1 week of chronic receptor blockade with atropine, showing upregulation of 154% by the GAPDH/m1 ratio method and 145% by the spiking method.	Atropine	97-105	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	143-148
1285003-6	1992	route) in anesthetized rats with doses eliciting equivalent salivating responses, atropine blocks acetylcholine- as well as neurokinin B-, but not substance P- or neurokinin A-induced salivation.	Atropine	82-90	tachykinin precursor 3	Rattus norvegicus	124-136
1803066-4	1991	After treatment with atropine, the electrical neural stimulation relaxed the muscle strips partially contracted with bradykinin, the relaxation being abolished by tetrodotoxin and suppressed by L-, but not D-, NA.	Atropine	21-29	kininogen 1	Canis lupus familiaris	117-127
1682117-4	1991	The cholinergic agonist bethanechol caused a dose-dependent and atropine-sensitive increase in mucin secretion from the normal intestine but had no effect on mucin release from diabetic tissue.	Atropine	64-72	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	95-100
1780325-3	1991	Nerve blockade was attempted by infusion of tetrodotoxin (TTX) on a background of combined adrenergic and cholinergic blockade with atropine, propranolol, and phentolamine, (ATX).	Atropine	132-140	diencephalon/mesencephalon homeobox 1	Mus musculus	174-177
1786508-6	1991	The pKB values estimated for atropine and N-methylatropine from data obtained at concentrations which produced dose-ratios greater than 20 and 60 were 8.90 and 9.58, respectively.	Atropine	29-37	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 2	Mus musculus	4-7
1757729-7	1991	Insulin response to GIP was resistant to atropine (24210 +/- 9470 microU/10 min) and propranolol (26450 +/- 4930 mu/10 min).	Atropine	41-49	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
1944809-5	1991	Nicotine failed to release vasopressin from the explant, whereas alpha-bungarotoxin elicited a hypothalamic release of vasopressin which was atropine insensitive.	Atropine	141-149	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	119-130
1677361-6	1991	Conversely, atropine pretreatment significantly (P less than 0.01) blocked the GH response to GHRH challenge, whereas yohimbine did not significantly affect it.	Atropine	12-20	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	79-81
1677361-6	1991	Conversely, atropine pretreatment significantly (P less than 0.01) blocked the GH response to GHRH challenge, whereas yohimbine did not significantly affect it.	Atropine	12-20	growth hormone releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	94-98
1677361-7	1991	When atropine and clonidine were given together, the inhibitory effect of the former was overcame and mean GHRH-elicited GH peak response was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher than that in the control study.	Atropine	5-13	growth hormone releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	107-111
1677361-7	1991	When atropine and clonidine were given together, the inhibitory effect of the former was overcame and mean GHRH-elicited GH peak response was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher than that in the control study.	Atropine	5-13	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	107-109
1858990-3	1991	Atropine plus meperidine significantly increased energy expenditure above predicted values (2061 +/- 365 vs 1714 +/- 361 kcal/24 h, P = 0.004), calculated using the Harris-Benedict equation, based on sex, weight, height, and age, as well as increased oxygen consumption above levels seen with diazepam premedication (160 +/- 29 vs 137 +/- 17 mL.min-1.	Atropine	0-8	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	345-350
2031819-8	1991	HR remained unchanged after saline injection, but increased slightly 5 min after atropine injection (mean 78 (SD 15) beat min-1 vs 87 (20) beat min-1 (P less than 0.05).	Atropine	81-89	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	122-127
2031819-10	1991	The maximum increase in HR was greater in the atropine group than in the saline group (31 (4) beat min-1 vs 26 (11) beat min-1 (P less than 0.05).	Atropine	46-54	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	99-104
2031819-10	1991	The maximum increase in HR was greater in the atropine group than in the saline group (31 (4) beat min-1 vs 26 (11) beat min-1 (P less than 0.05).	Atropine	46-54	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	121-126
2031819-11	1991	However, when individual maximum HR changes are considered, five patients in the saline group and four in the atropine group had an increase less than or equal to 10 beat min-1, and three patients in the saline group had no change or a decrease in HR.	Atropine	110-118	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	171-176
1902229-5	1991	Experiments in which the actions of carbachol are blocked by adding atropine at various times demonstrate that only 1.5 min of agonist stimulation is needed to give maximal increases in c-fos or c-jun mRNA at 30 min.	Atropine	68-76	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	186-191
1855121-6	1991	With the histamine (H1) receptor antagonist mepyramine, the contraction phase was reduced to 41.2% of the control value (P less than 0.001), with atropine to 50.0% (P less than 0.01), with the local anaesthetic lignocaine to 48.7% (P less than 0.05) and with mepyramine together with atropine to 19.2% (P less than 0.001).	Atropine	146-154	histamine receptor H1	Homo sapiens	9-32
1855121-6	1991	With the histamine (H1) receptor antagonist mepyramine, the contraction phase was reduced to 41.2% of the control value (P less than 0.001), with atropine to 50.0% (P less than 0.01), with the local anaesthetic lignocaine to 48.7% (P less than 0.05) and with mepyramine together with atropine to 19.2% (P less than 0.001).	Atropine	284-292	histamine receptor H1	Homo sapiens	9-32
1848199-3	1991	Peptide YY [0.1-1000 nmol/L; concentration of half-maximal effect (EC50), 6 nmol/L] caused concentration-dependent relaxation of longitudinally oriented muscle strips that was unaffected by hexamethonium but was blocked by atropine and tetrodotoxin, suggesting that the peptide inhibited postganglionic cholinergic neurotransmission.	Atropine	223-231	peptide YY	Cavia porcellus	0-10
1848199-4	1991	In addition, peptide YY (1 mumol/L) reduced by 42% +/- 6% electrically stimulated muscle contractions that were blocked by atropine and tetrodotoxin, providing additional evidence that the peptide inhibits release of acetylcholine.	Atropine	123-131	peptide YY	Cavia porcellus	13-23
1855619-5	1991	When P = O type insecticides were intravenously administered to anesthetized and conscious rats, animals exhibited typical anti-ChE poisoning signs in cardiorespiration: hypertension and apnea which were antagonized by atropine.	Atropine	219-227	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	128-131
1704435-4	1991	Maximal CCK-8S contractions were inhibited by 80% in the presence of atropine (10(-6)M), and entirely by the combination of atropine and a substance P receptor antagonist (3 x 10(-5)M).	Atropine	69-77	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	8-11
1704435-4	1991	Maximal CCK-8S contractions were inhibited by 80% in the presence of atropine (10(-6)M), and entirely by the combination of atropine and a substance P receptor antagonist (3 x 10(-5)M).	Atropine	124-132	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	8-11
1704435-5	1991	CCK-4 and gastrin-induced contractions were unaffected by substance P receptor blockade, but were abolished by atropine.	Atropine	111-119	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	0-3
1704435-5	1991	CCK-4 and gastrin-induced contractions were unaffected by substance P receptor blockade, but were abolished by atropine.	Atropine	111-119	gastrin	Cavia porcellus	10-17
1716879-7	1991	Propranolol and atropine, antagonists of isoproterenol and carbachol, respectively, completely inhibited not only amylase secretion and ornithine decarboxylase induction but also protein phosphorylation stimulated by the corresponding agonists.	Atropine	16-24	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-159
1687549-6	1991	VIP did not influence significantly the acetylcholine (ACh)- or carbachol- induced contractions of canine gallbladder under in vitro or in vivo conditions, but it decreased the electrically-induced, atropine-sensitive contractions of gallbladder muscle strips.	Atropine	199-207	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	0-3
2015068-7	1991	Tetrodotoxin and atropine but not hexamethonium prevented the inhibition of volume and protein secretion by CGRP (10(-8) M) (P less than 0.05).	Atropine	17-25	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	108-112
10171541-8	1991	Patients with inferior myocardial infarction (MI) treated with tPA in-flight were more likely to suffer from bradycardia and hypotension requiring atropine injection during transport than the post-flight treated patients or in-flight treated patients with anterior MI.	Atropine	147-155	chromosome 20 open reading frame 181	Homo sapiens	63-66
1759047-9	1991	Atropine infusion completely blocked the inhibitory effect of PP on caerulein-stimulated pancreatic protein secretion both in the intact and denervated pancreas and of secretion-evoked bicarbonate output in the denervated gland.	Atropine	0-8	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	62-64
1759047-10	1991	We conclude that the inhibitory action of the hormone is not mediated via extrinsic neural pathways of the pancreas, but PP may exert its effect via intrinsic atropine-sensitive mechanisms.	Atropine	159-167	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	121-123
1987659-3	1991	It was found that atropine did not have any beneficial effect on lethality in the case of an I-2 intoxication but did so, although only slightly, in the case of I-1.	Atropine	18-26	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1A	Rattus norvegicus	161-164
1987659-4	1991	Therefore, the effect of atropine against I-1 intoxications must be mediated through central mechanisms, the peripheral parasympatholytic effect being negligible in counteracting lethality.	Atropine	25-33	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1A	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
1987659-5	1991	Furthermore atropine antagonized the convulsions caused by intoxication with I-1.	Atropine	12-20	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1A	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
1987659-10	1991	The combination of HI-6 and atropine had a large synergistic effect in the case of I-1, but in the case of I-2 hardly any synergism was observed.	Atropine	28-36	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1A	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
1949606-2	1991	Treatment with 2,3-butanedione monoxime plus atropine 30 min after oral administration of dichlorvos (160 mg/kg) eliminated the apparent toxic signs within 10-15 min, completely prevented lethality, and reversed the dichlorvos-induced alterations in the concentrations of serum carboxylesterase, total plasma proteins, blood glucose and plasma cholinesterase within 2, 4, 12 and 168 h, respectively.	Atropine	45-53	butyrylcholinesterase	Bos taurus	344-358
1705774-3	1990	Pirenzepine and atropine decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) by 29% and a 40% respectively the inhibitory effect induced by 1 IDU/Kg of CCK, whereas hexamethonium elicited an increase in the inhibitory effect induced by 0.5 IDU/Kg of CCK (P less than 0.05).	Atropine	16-24	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	143-146
1705774-3	1990	Pirenzepine and atropine decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) by 29% and a 40% respectively the inhibitory effect induced by 1 IDU/Kg of CCK, whereas hexamethonium elicited an increase in the inhibitory effect induced by 0.5 IDU/Kg of CCK (P less than 0.05).	Atropine	16-24	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	241-244
1983277-4	1990	The infusion of phentolamine or propranolol did not affect the response of plasma PP to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, whereas atropine markedly inhibited the increase in plasma PP.	Atropine	126-134	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	177-179
1983277-5	1990	Likewise, atropine reduced the rise of plasma PP during the intravenous administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG).	Atropine	10-18	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	46-48
2240227-7	1990	Atropine or tetrodotoxin (TTX) caused a similar rightward shift of the CCK-8 dose-response curve for stimulation of SO contraction.	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	71-74
2281081-4	1990	Intestinal secretion as a source of the putative trypsin-sensitive intestinal CCK-releasing peptide was obtained by rapid intestinal perfusion of isolated Thiry-Vella fistulae of jejunum in conscious rats, collected with or without atropine pretreatment.	Atropine	232-240	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
2281081-8	1990	CCK-releasing activity manifested by pancreatic protein secretion was equivalent in intestinal washes from atropine-treated and control Thiry-Vella fistula donor rats.	Atropine	107-115	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	0-3
1701910-4	1990	Additions of the antagonists N2,O2-dibutyrylguanosine 3":5"-cyclic monophosphate and atropine after 30 min of CCK-8 and carbachol stimulation, respectively, were associated with prompt lowerings of Ca2+i and inhibitions of amylase secretion.	Atropine	85-93	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	110-113
2230002-8	1990	This is the first report of studies of pepsin secretion and of the effect of atropine, suggesting that the physiologic effects of the secretagogue resemble that of gastrin.	Atropine	77-85	gastrin	Homo sapiens	164-171
2174982-4	1990	The electrically evoked release of radioactivity was reduced by the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine and the delta selective opiate receptor agonist Metenkephalin, and was enhanced in the presence of the cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine by the muscarinic antagonist atropine.	Atropine	271-279	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	203-217
2226784-2	1990	Carbachol induced an increase in intracellular Ca2+ and stimulated gastrin release in a dose-dependent manner over the range 10(-5)-10(-3) M. These effects were completely abolished by atropine, suggesting the implication of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.	Atropine	185-193	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	67-74
2126239-4	1990	Pretreatment with atropine inhibited the response of CVq to TRH.	Atropine	18-26	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	60-63
2116028-1	1990	Bilateral intra-amygdalar (i/am) microinjections of TRH (1 and 10 micrograms) and physostigmine (10 micrograms) into the central nucleus (CEA) aggravated cold restraint stress (3 hr at 4 degrees C) induced gastric ulcer formation in rats, whereas atropine (1, 5 and 10 micrograms) attenuated this phenomenon.	Atropine	247-255	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
2116028-3	1990	Pretreatment of rats with atropine or CDP antagonized the ulcerogenic effects of both TRH and physostigmine.	Atropine	26-34	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
8302798-0	1993	Effect of pancreatic denervation and atropine on the pancreatic response to secretin.	Atropine	37-45	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	76-84
8302798-5	1993	Secretin-induced bicarbonate output was significantly inhibited by atropine in both the innervated and denervated groups.	Atropine	67-75	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	0-8
8302798-7	1993	In addition, potentiation of secretin-induced bicarbonate output by CCK8 was observed despite both extrinsic pancreatic denervation and administration of atropine.	Atropine	154-162	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	29-37
8233038-4	1993	The effects of L-AP3 was in contrast with those of a typical receptor antagonist, atropine; atropine inhibited carbachol-induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis, but the levels of [3H]PIs were not affected.	Atropine	92-100	leucine aminopeptidase 3	Rattus norvegicus	15-20
8328951-1	1993	Growth of Pseudomonas AT3 on the alkaloid atropine as its sole source of carbon and nitrogen is nitrogen-limited and proceeds by degradation of the tropic acid part of the molecule, with the metabolism of the tropine being limited to the point of release of its nitrogen.	Atropine	42-50	ataxin 3	Homo sapiens	22-25
8100758-5	1993	A pharmacologic dose of secretin (5.0 micrograms/kg/hr) resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) increase in pancreatic blood flow, which was inhibited by atropine (5.0 micrograms/kg/hr) infusion.	Atropine	154-162	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	24-32
8350486-5	1993	Nine of 40 patients (23%) with cervical epidural anesthesia showed heart rate increases of less than 3 beats.min-1 following atropine 0.01 mg.kg-1.	Atropine	125-133	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	109-114
8350486-6	1993	And 30 of 40 patients (75%) required supplementary atropine 0.01 mg.kg-1 to increase heart rate for more than 20 beats.min-1 from baseline values.	Atropine	51-59	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	119-124
8098912-6	1993	Cholecystokinin (CCK) evokes ileal contraction via an atropine-sensitive pathway and stimulates ACh release via adenylate cyclase activation.	Atropine	54-62	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	0-15
8098912-6	1993	Cholecystokinin (CCK) evokes ileal contraction via an atropine-sensitive pathway and stimulates ACh release via adenylate cyclase activation.	Atropine	54-62	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	17-20
8482447-6	1993	RESULTS: Serosal addition of endothelin 1 evoked a sustained increase in short-circuit current that was significantly reduced by tetrodotoxin or atropine, and virtually abolished by a selective endothelin A receptor antagonist (BQ-123), furosemide, piroxicam, d,I-verapamil, or removal of serosal calcium.	Atropine	145-153	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-41
8473484-3	1993	MBP also inhibited atropine-induced dissociation of [3H]NMS-receptor complexes in a dose-dependent fashion, demonstrating that the interaction of MBP with the M2 muscarinic receptor is allosteric.	Atropine	19-27	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	0-3
8473484-3	1993	MBP also inhibited atropine-induced dissociation of [3H]NMS-receptor complexes in a dose-dependent fashion, demonstrating that the interaction of MBP with the M2 muscarinic receptor is allosteric.	Atropine	19-27	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	146-149
8473484-6	1993	Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) also inhibited specific binding of [3H]NMS to M2 receptors but not to M3 receptors and inhibited atropine-induced dissociation of [3H]NMS-receptor complexes.	Atropine	125-133	eosinophil peroxidase	Homo sapiens	0-21
8473484-6	1993	Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) also inhibited specific binding of [3H]NMS to M2 receptors but not to M3 receptors and inhibited atropine-induced dissociation of [3H]NMS-receptor complexes.	Atropine	125-133	eosinophil peroxidase	Homo sapiens	23-26
8455027-6	1993	This stimulated formation of [3H]CDP-DAG was completely blocked by the addition of 10 microM atropine, was not dependent on the presence of Li+, nor was it affected by co-incubation with myo-inositol.	Atropine	93-101	cut like homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	33-36
8484017-2	1993	We investigated therefore whether immunoneutralization of the postprandially circulating peptide, intravenous application of either atropine or the highly specific CCK receptor antagonist, L-364,718, could influence neurotensin-mediated pancreatic secretion in dogs.	Atropine	132-140	neurotensin	Canis lupus familiaris	216-227
8096337-6	1993	Atropine markedly decreased trypsin output (p < 0.05) and plasma concentrations of PP (p < 0.05) and abolished the cycling of interdigestive pancreatic secretion and motor activity.	Atropine	0-8	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	86-88
8470783-4	1993	In both cases we observed a short episode of bradycardia (heart rate < 50.min-1), which was successfully treated with atropine.	Atropine	121-129	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	77-82
8093875-4	1993	Intracolonic infusion of a mixture of tryptophan and phenylalanine (Trp+Phe; 100 mM; 200 ml/h) resulted in a significant release of PYY [integrated PYY release, 74.5 +/- 14.0 ng (0-120 min)/ml], which was not affected by iv atropine, hexamethonium, or propranolol treatment.	Atropine	224-232	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	132-135
8095031-0	1993	The role of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the pathogenesis of water-immersion stress in rats--inhibition of TRH release from the stomach by atropine, ranitidine or omeprazole.	Atropine	149-157	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
8095031-5	1993	Pretreatment with atropine or ranitidine inhibited the development of stress ulcers, reduced changes in ir-TRH concentrations in the gastric wall and gastric juice, and induced an increase in gastric pH.	Atropine	18-26	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
8366758-6	1993	At 30 microM, alpha, beta-mATP induced ATP release in a suramin-sensitive but Ca(2+)- and atropine-insensitive manner, suggesting P2-receptor-mediated release of ATP from the smooth muscle.	Atropine	90-98	solute carrier family 45, member 2	Mus musculus	26-30
1282078-4	1992	Microinjection of 50 ng TRH into the rostral ambiguous nucleus caused slight dilation followed by constriction, which was inhibited by atropine and vagotomy.	Atropine	135-143	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	24-27
1335051-4	1992	This effect of L-Arg was inhibited by NwNLA, methylene blue and atropine and not affected by meclofenamate.	Atropine	64-72	Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12	Homo sapiens	15-20
1336298-0	1992	Effects of acute and long-term atropine treatment on levels, release and response to VIP and PHI in the submandibular gland of cat and rat.	Atropine	31-39	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
1336298-1	1992	We have studied the effects of acute and long-term treatment of cats and rats with atropine on the levels, release and effects of two peptides, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), that probably co-exist with acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nerves supplying the submandibular gland.	Atropine	83-91	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	144-177
1336298-8	1992	In conclusion, although atropine treatment causes an acute increase in the overflow of VIP and PHI evoked by parasympathetic nerve stimulation, there is no depletion of peptide stores upon long-term treatment, nor is there any change in the effect of exogenous VIP and PHI on cAMP-accumulation.	Atropine	24-32	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
1358562-0	1992	Erythromycin stimulates gallbladder emptying and motilin release by atropine-sensitive pathways.	Atropine	68-76	motilin	Homo sapiens	49-56
1358562-10	1992	Atropine inhibited both gallbladder emptying and motilin release (P < 0.001).	Atropine	0-8	motilin	Homo sapiens	49-56
1475066-4	1992	Pretreatment combining d-tubocurarine (d-TC, 0.075 mg/kg, sc) and ATS (16 mg/kg, sc) prevented the myonecrosis and fasciculation without protecting AChE against inhibition by these nerve agents.	Atropine	66-69	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	148-152
1333962-4	1992	During blockade with atropine the responses of plasma prolactin was reduced, with a slight but significant reduction in the growth hormone response, and although a similar maximum response of plasma ACTH was achieved, this rise was delayed.	Atropine	21-29	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	199-203
1326697-4	1992	Atropine completely prevented the decrease of the maximal number of muscarinic recognition sites induced by NGF.	Atropine	0-8	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	108-111
1634057-4	1992	Atropine abolished secretory, motor, and pancreatic polypeptide responses to sham feeding and enhanced gastrin release.	Atropine	0-8	gastrin	Homo sapiens	103-110
1359631-3	1992	Atropine abolished the HCl response and reversed the somatostatin inhibition to a three-fold increase, whereas GRP and VIP responses were unchanged.	Atropine	0-8	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	53-65
1524818-5	1992	All these effects, except the VIP response, were substantially inhibited by atropine.	Atropine	76-84	VIP peptides	Oryctolagus cuniculus	30-33
1625210-12	1992	The increase in short-circuit current evoked by ET-1 was not significantly affected by 1 microM atropine, but was reduced by 50% (P less than .05) by 1 microM tetrodotoxin, or removal of extracellular calcium.	Atropine	96-104	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
1393268-20	1992	Detrusor strips treated with alpha-beta methylene ATP (10-i M) and atropine (10-6 M), and then contracted by ET-1, showed relaxations (19 +/- 3% of the induced tension) in response to electrical field stimulation (2-20 Hz) only when the tension was high.	Atropine	67-75	endothelin-1	Sus scrofa	109-113
1511949-4	1992	The secretion of insulin and PP in response to carbachol and GRP were dose-dependent in range of 10(-9) M to 10(-6) M. The responses of insulin and PP to carbachol (10(-7) M) were biphasic, and were abolished by atropine (10(-5) M).	Atropine	212-220	pancreatic polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	29-31
1511949-4	1992	The secretion of insulin and PP in response to carbachol and GRP were dose-dependent in range of 10(-9) M to 10(-6) M. The responses of insulin and PP to carbachol (10(-7) M) were biphasic, and were abolished by atropine (10(-5) M).	Atropine	212-220	gastrin releasing peptide	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
1511949-4	1992	The secretion of insulin and PP in response to carbachol and GRP were dose-dependent in range of 10(-9) M to 10(-6) M. The responses of insulin and PP to carbachol (10(-7) M) were biphasic, and were abolished by atropine (10(-5) M).	Atropine	212-220	pancreatic polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	148-150
1376358-6	1992	SP activity was significantly reduced in tissues pretreated with the muscarinic cholinoceptor blocker atropine or the eicosanoid synthesis inhibitor eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraynoic acid.	Atropine	102-110	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	0-2
1376358-8	1992	SP-induced contractions were reduced by 70 to 80% in tissues pretreated with atropine or the neuronal Ca++ channel blocker, omega-conotoxin.	Atropine	77-85	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	0-2
1609489-3	1992	2,3-BM administered alone or in conjunction with atropine to dichlorvos-exposed calves significantly reactivated erythrocyte AChE activity whereas atropine was ineffective.	Atropine	49-57	acetylcholinesterase	Bos taurus	125-129
1577193-5	1992	Atropine and microinjected GDP beta S block the acetylcholine-induced ZP2 conversion, suggesting that the acetylcholine effects are mediated via a functional G protein-coupled m1 receptor.	Atropine	0-8	zona pellucida glycoprotein 2	Mus musculus	70-73
1377730-5	1992	Also acetylcholine infusion causes a significant release of SP and NKA after infusion of both atropine and phentolamine (to 172 +/- 56% and 232 +/- 69% of basal release, n = 7), an effect that was abolished by hexamethonium infusion.	Atropine	94-102	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	60-62
1377730-5	1992	Also acetylcholine infusion causes a significant release of SP and NKA after infusion of both atropine and phentolamine (to 172 +/- 56% and 232 +/- 69% of basal release, n = 7), an effect that was abolished by hexamethonium infusion.	Atropine	94-102	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	67-70
1377730-6	1992	Infusion of atropine alone increased the release of SP and NKA significantly (to 337 +/- 92% and 386 +/- 124% of basal output, n = 5).	Atropine	12-20	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	52-54
1377730-6	1992	Infusion of atropine alone increased the release of SP and NKA significantly (to 337 +/- 92% and 386 +/- 124% of basal output, n = 5).	Atropine	12-20	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	59-62
1387579-0	1992	Effect of atropine and PCPA on the behavioral modulation of paired-pulse response in the hippocampal CA1 region.	Atropine	10-18	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
1605943-7	1992	In DAT patients the GHRH-induced GH increase was completely inhibited by pretreatment with atropine (1 mg intramuscularly, i.m., 15 min before administration of GHRH).	Atropine	91-99	growth hormone releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	20-24
1605943-7	1992	In DAT patients the GHRH-induced GH increase was completely inhibited by pretreatment with atropine (1 mg intramuscularly, i.m., 15 min before administration of GHRH).	Atropine	91-99	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	20-22
1605943-7	1992	In DAT patients the GHRH-induced GH increase was completely inhibited by pretreatment with atropine (1 mg intramuscularly, i.m., 15 min before administration of GHRH).	Atropine	91-99	growth hormone releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	161-165
1566832-6	1992	The CBF response was associated with no change in cortical CMRO2 and was completely blocked during ic atropine-Oxo co-infusion or iv co-infusion of Oxo with the nitric oxide (NO) synthesis inhibitor L-nitroarginine methyl ester, demonstrating, respectively, no role for metabolic activation, the exclusive role of MR values, and the critical role for the release of the putative endothelium-dependent relaxation factor NO in mediating this effect.	Atropine	102-110	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
1347741-6	1992	The plasma PP response to hypoglycemia was +85 +/- 24 pg/ml in atropine-treated rats (P 0.01 vs. control rats), suggesting that approximately 65% of the PP response is mediated via muscarinic acetylcholine receptors on the islet F cell.	Atropine	63-71	pancreatic polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	11-13
1347741-6	1992	The plasma PP response to hypoglycemia was +85 +/- 24 pg/ml in atropine-treated rats (P 0.01 vs. control rats), suggesting that approximately 65% of the PP response is mediated via muscarinic acetylcholine receptors on the islet F cell.	Atropine	63-71	pancreatic polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	153-155
1347741-8	1992	The combination of combined blockade + atropine resulted in a PP response (delta = +26 +/- 7 pg/ml) to hypoglycemia that was similar to that in hexamethonium-treated rats (P less than 0.01 vs. control rats).	Atropine	39-47	pancreatic polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	62-64
1625794-1	1992	The effect of chronic atropine treatment was studied on thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) content of several brain areas in Wistar rats.	Atropine	22-30	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
1625794-2	1992	Atropine produced TRH increases in the septal area, preoptic area and the hypophysis; this was observed when rats were killed immediately after the last dose, while a decrease was observed only in the hypophysis 48 h after the last atropine dose.	Atropine	0-8	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
1625794-3	1992	TRH concentration in cerebrospinal fluid rose significantly after atropine withdrawal with respect to controls.	Atropine	66-74	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
1371395-3	1992	The flare evoked by bradykinin was abolished by pretreatment with lignocaine (local anesthetic), compound 48/80 (mast-cell histamine liberator), mepyramine (H1-receptor antagonist) and indomethacin (cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor) but was unaffected by atropine and ketanserin (serotonin antagonist).	Atropine	248-256	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	20-30
1583356-3	1992	EGF immunoreactivity was also found in high amounts in the pancreatic tissue (20 micrograms/g) and the pancreatic juice (32 ng/mL), where the content of EGF was found to increase in response to feeding, cholecystokinin, or bombesin and to decrease after the administration of atropine and somatostatin.	Atropine	276-284	epidermal growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
1583356-3	1992	EGF immunoreactivity was also found in high amounts in the pancreatic tissue (20 micrograms/g) and the pancreatic juice (32 ng/mL), where the content of EGF was found to increase in response to feeding, cholecystokinin, or bombesin and to decrease after the administration of atropine and somatostatin.	Atropine	276-284	epidermal growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	153-156
1564249-9	1992	In the presence of atropine, subacutely administered pyridostigmine protected rats from two LD50 doses of the irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor, soman.	Atropine	19-27	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	123-137
1729389-2	1992	Addition of either atropine or tubocurarine in the presence of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor phospholine iodide enhanced acetylcholine release.	Atropine	19-27	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	67-87
1639122-4	1992	The TRH release from the rat retina was enhanced significantly in a dose-related manner with the addition of acetylcholine and inhibited with addition of atropine.	Atropine	154-162	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
1639122-5	1992	The stimulatory effect of acetylcholine on TRH release from the retina was blocked with the addition of atropine.	Atropine	104-112	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
1641127-1	1992	The effect of scopolamine and atropine upon the increase in extracellular 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid induced by central injection of neurotensin was examined in the nucleus accumbens and the striatum of anaesthetized rats using in vivo differential pulse voltammetry with carbon fibre electrodes.	Atropine	30-38	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	137-148
1641127-8	1992	Atropine partially attenuated the effect produced by neurotensin in the nucleus accumbens and blocked the increase in 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid induced by the peptide in the striatum.	Atropine	0-8	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	53-64
1300633-3	1992	Reactivation of the blood cholinesterase was also monitored following intoxication with VX and soman and treated with obidoxime and atropine.	Atropine	132-140	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	26-40
1733053-7	1992	Preadministration of MEM + ATS in vivo significantly protected AChE from inhibition by soman.	Atropine	27-30	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	63-67
1959565-4	1991	The inhibition of the ACh-induced inositol-phosphate response by atropine (half-maximal inhibition at 10 nM) indicates the involvement of muscarinic receptors, which in chick embryo cells induce a transient rise and a following persistent elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ activity (G. Oettling et al.	Atropine	65-73	carbonic anhydrase 2	Gallus gallus	262-265
1940918-5	1991	Atropine, hexahydrosiladifenidol (HHSD), pirenzepine, and methoctramine inhibited the carbachol-evoked initial calcium transient with Ki values of 0.85 +/- 0.05, 8.3 +/- 1.6, 411 +/- 36, and 240 +/- 46 nM (mean +/- SEM, n = 3), respectively, and the acetylcholine-induced initial calcium transient with Ki values of 0.48 +/- 0.18, 13.5 +/- 8.5, 192 +/- 32, and 414 +/- 25 nM (mean +/- SEM of two experiments), respectively, results suggesting that an M3 muscarinic receptor was predominantly mediating these effects.	Atropine	0-8	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3	Homo sapiens	451-473
1683164-7	1991	Atropine (50 micrograms.kg-1.h-1) did not affect the incremental responses to low doses of CCK-8; the maximal response occurred at a higher CCK-8 dose because atropine decreased basal secretion.	Atropine	159-167	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	140-143
1683164-9	1991	We conclude that 1) bethanechol is a full agonist for stimulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion and its effects are not mediated by CCK release; 2) atropine is a competitive antagonist of bethanechol-induced pancreatic secretion in vivo but does not directly affect responses to CCK-8; 3) cholinergic mechanisms do not mediate the pancreatic enzyme response to a liquid meal in rats.	Atropine	149-157	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	280-283
1683168-3	1991	In fundic segments, the somatostatin response was strongly inhibited (86%; P less than 0.01) by tetrodotoxin (5 microM) but augmented by atropine (1 microM) (P less than 0.01).	Atropine	137-145	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	24-36
1683168-4	1991	In antral segments, both tetrodotoxin and atropine augmented the somatostatin response to bombesin/GRP by 42-45% (P less than 0.01), whereas the gastrin antagonist L 365260 (1 microM) abolished it.	Atropine	42-50	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	65-77
1683168-4	1991	In antral segments, both tetrodotoxin and atropine augmented the somatostatin response to bombesin/GRP by 42-45% (P less than 0.01), whereas the gastrin antagonist L 365260 (1 microM) abolished it.	Atropine	42-50	gastrin releasing peptide	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
1954074-4	1991	After parasympathetic blockade induced by atropine, the mean heart rate (HR) at upright rest increased from 67 to 114 beats min-1, cardiac output (CO) from 4.05 to 5.17 1 min-1 (both P less than 0.001), and the diastolic blood pressure by 13 mm Hg (P less than 0.01).	Atropine	42-50	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	124-129
1954074-4	1991	After parasympathetic blockade induced by atropine, the mean heart rate (HR) at upright rest increased from 67 to 114 beats min-1, cardiac output (CO) from 4.05 to 5.17 1 min-1 (both P less than 0.001), and the diastolic blood pressure by 13 mm Hg (P less than 0.01).	Atropine	42-50	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	171-176
1954074-10	1991	During exercise atropine increased HR from 115 to 146 beats min-1 (P less than 0.001) and CO by 12% (P less than 0.05), whereas SV decreased by 12% (P less than 0.05) and the systolic blood pressure by 16 mm Hg (P less than 0.001).	Atropine	16-24	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	60-65
1761505-6	1991	Secoverine and atropine antagonized ACh-induced increases in both Rds and Rus.	Atropine	15-23	peripherin 2	Canis lupus familiaris	66-69
1761505-7	1991	The pA2 values (i.e., the negative log antagonist concentration requiring a doubling of ACh dose for an equivalent increase in Rds) for gallamine, pirenzepine, secoverine, and atropine were 6.1 +/- 0.1, 7.4 +/- 0.1, 8.3 +/- 0.2, and 10.2 +/- 0.3, respectively.	Atropine	176-184	peripherin 2	Canis lupus familiaris	127-130
1822542-6	1991	The response to GRH was not suppressed by blockers known to inhibit other endogenous receptors present in follicular Xenopus oocytes; blockers used were timolol (2 microM; beta-adrenergic blocker), theophylline (0.1 mM; purinergic blocker) and atropine (100 nM; muscarinic blocker).	Atropine	244-252	growth hormone releasing hormone L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	16-19
1761164-3	1991	Maximal augmentation of the TRH-induced prolactin mRNA accumulation was obtained when cells were pretreated with 10(-5) M ACh for 24 h. The activation was mimicked by carbachol and oxotremorine and was blocked by the simultaneous presence of atropine.	Atropine	242-250	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
1761164-3	1991	Maximal augmentation of the TRH-induced prolactin mRNA accumulation was obtained when cells were pretreated with 10(-5) M ACh for 24 h. The activation was mimicked by carbachol and oxotremorine and was blocked by the simultaneous presence of atropine.	Atropine	242-250	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	40-49
1681736-5	1991	Pretreatment with atropine or hexamethonium antagonized GB responses to low doses of CCK-8 (2.5-5 ng.kg-1.min-1) but had no effect on doses greater than 10 ng.kg-1.min-1.	Atropine	18-26	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	85-88
1681840-10	1991	Atropine was administered to two dexmedetomidine-premedicated patients because of bradycardia less than 45 beat min-1.	Atropine	0-8	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	112-117
1666570-4	1991	Pentagastrin followed by atropine resulted in a considerable increase in lipase and proteolytic enzyme activity.	Atropine	25-33	lipase G, endothelial type	Rattus norvegicus	73-79
1683477-7	1991	We have examined the possibility that diazepam may exert some of its anticonvulsant effects through cholinergic mechanisms and found that a reduced release of ACh into synapses after diazepam and atropine treatment may account for diazepam"s anticonvulsant activity against soman.	Atropine	196-204	acyl-CoA thioesterase 12	Rattus norvegicus	159-162
1928591-8	1991	Pretreatment with atropine abolished the luminal PYY response to OGTT, and 2-DG did not affect luminal PYY recovery.	Atropine	18-26	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	49-52
1944809-4	1991	Acetylcholine induced a small dose-related secretion of vasopressin which could be totally blocked by atropine but not the nicotinic cholinergic antagonist, hexamethonium.	Atropine	102-110	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	56-67
1719526-5	1991	The incremental pancreatic secretion, including juice volume and amylase output, in response to intravenous infusion of CCK-8 with secretin, was significantly suppressed by intravenous administration of atropine in a dose of 100 micrograms/kg/h (p less than 0.01).	Atropine	203-211	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	120-123
1719526-5	1991	The incremental pancreatic secretion, including juice volume and amylase output, in response to intravenous infusion of CCK-8 with secretin, was significantly suppressed by intravenous administration of atropine in a dose of 100 micrograms/kg/h (p less than 0.01).	Atropine	203-211	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	131-139
1877699-5	1991	Pretreatment with the muscarinic antagonist atropine (10 micrograms icv) decreased the peak vasopressin response to icv PGD2 by approximately one-third but had no effect on the cardiovascular responses.	Atropine	44-52	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	92-103
1654416-18	1991	The amounts of pancreatic glucagon and insulin that were released were highly dependent on the concentration of glucose in the circulating plasma and all these responses were abolished by atropine.	Atropine	188-196	insulin	Bos taurus	39-46
1717355-9	1991	Oral administration of NIK-228 and atropine inhibited gastrin, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and bethanechol-induced acid secretion, but didn"t inhibit histamine-induced acid secretion.	Atropine	35-43	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	54-61
1681990-5	1991	Acetylcholine at concentrations of 1 to 100 nM caused a dose-dependent, rapid increase in AVP, whereas AVP release induced by 10 nM acetylcholine was completely suppressed by the combined presence of 10 microM hexamethonium, a nicotinic receptor antagonist, and 50 microM atropine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist.	Atropine	272-280	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
1677448-4	1991	Acetylcholine- and arecaidine propargyl ester-induced 6-keto-PGF1 alpha synthesis and cGMP formation in endothelial cells were attenuated by atropine, AF-DX 116 (M2 antagonist), and hexahydrosiladifenidol (M3 antagonist) but not by pirenzepine (M1 antagonist).	Atropine	141-149	prostaglandin F synthase 2	Bos taurus	61-65
1784590-1	1991	The interaction between a low-dose cholinesterase inhibitor, pyridostigmine (PYR), and atropine was investigated by spectral analysis of heart rate fluctuations in eight healthy humans.	Atropine	87-95	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	35-49
1890638-9	1991	The time-scales of both the CGRP and SP responses were similar to those of the atropine-resistant secretory responses, both being quite short-lived, whereas the output of VIP (like the atropine-resistant vascular response) was significantly greater than the basal value throughout the whole of the 60 min period of stimulation.	Atropine	185-193	VIP peptides	Mustela putorius furo	171-174
1884907-6	1991	Treatment with atropine and 2-PAM resulted in only slight reactivation of AChE; they helped maintain blood gases, cortisol, plasma enzymes, inspiratory volume, and blood pressure nearer baseline values.	Atropine	15-23	acetylcholinesterase	Canis lupus familiaris	74-78
1713399-5	1991	The vasodilatory effect of capsaicin, except the laser-Doppler signal, was markedly reduced by pretreatment with a combination of the ganglionic blocking agent chlorisondamine and atropine implying that capsaicin evokes a central reflex with a final parasympathetic pathway and release of agents like vasoactive intestinal polypeptide.	Atropine	180-188	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	301-334
1702077-6	1991	The enzyme response to graded doses of exogenous CCK was significantly inhibited by atropine and loxiglumide.	Atropine	84-92	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	49-52
1987804-2	1991	For both DMPP and field stimulation, atropine inhibited acid secretion and augmented somatostatin secretion.	Atropine	37-45	somatostatin	Mus musculus	85-97
1819028-3	1991	2) Pretreatment with atropine abolished the above-mentioned effect of TRH.	Atropine	21-29	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
1759111-9	1991	The study of the effect of antidotal therapy (combination of atropine and reactivator) in vivo showed in mice and rats intoxicated with sarin non-uniform increase of AChE activity in the pontomedullar part depending on the dose and type of reactivator.	Atropine	61-69	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	166-170
1707710-9	1990	The response to the NK1-agonist was totally atropine-resistant, but was reduced (about 30% inhibition) by tetrodotoxin.	Atropine	44-52	tachykinin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	20-23
1707710-10	1990	The response to the NK3-receptor agonist was halved by atropine and abolished by tetrodotoxin.	Atropine	55-63	neuromedin-K receptor	Cavia porcellus	20-32
1707744-1	1990	The outward current evoked in CA1 neurons by brief anoxia is strongly voltage dependent and is abolished by an atropine-sensitive action of carbachol (and also when recording with a GTP gamma S-containing microelectrode).	Atropine	111-119	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	30-33
1982201-8	1990	In vitro, AHR-13268D was a potent inhibitor of histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (IC50 = 0.51 nM) and was as potent as the reference 5-LO inhibitor phenidone in inhibiting antigen-induced contractions of guinea pig ileum in the presence of pyrilamine, atropine, and imidazole (IC50 approximately 300 microM).	Atropine	267-275	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
2177699-3	1990	Alterations in muscarinic receptor-coupled second messenger systems, such as phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis and cyclic GMP (cGMP) formation following a long-term exposure to atropine, were also examined.	Atropine	176-184	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Mus musculus	121-124
1979685-20	1990	Somatostatin is regulated largely independent of stimulation frequency and pH by at least two pathways involving cholinergic mechanisms of different sensitivity to atropine.	Atropine	164-172	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	0-12
1699429-5	1990	Bilateral cervical vagotomy or atropine pretreatment prevented intracisternal RX 77368-induced rise in hepatic portal levels of histamine, whereas purified gastrin monoclonal antibody 9303, injected at a dose blocking gastrin-stimulated acid secretion, had no effect.	Atropine	31-39	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	218-225
2398362-4	1990	Chronic atropine (20 mg/kg, s.c., b.i.d., 10 days) and nicotine (0.59 mg/kg, s.c., b.i.d., 10 days) treatment significantly decreased the VIP content of the frontal cortex, by 42% and 26%, respectively.	Atropine	8-16	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
2398362-7	1990	Therefore, long-term treatment with atropine and nicotine results in changes in the synthesis and release of VIP in the cerebral cortex, whereas in the hippocampus the effect is limited to an alteration of VIP release.	Atropine	36-44	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
2398362-7	1990	Therefore, long-term treatment with atropine and nicotine results in changes in the synthesis and release of VIP in the cerebral cortex, whereas in the hippocampus the effect is limited to an alteration of VIP release.	Atropine	36-44	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	206-209
2274676-4	1990	Both loxiglumide and atropine completely abolished the PP response to exogenous or endogenous stimulation (P less than 0.05).	Atropine	21-29	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	55-57
2273817-2	1990	A complicated course of the disease, high values of nocturnal gastric secretion before the operation, and positive Hollander"s insulin test after vagotomy are encountered most frequently in atropine-resistant patients.	Atropine	190-198	insulin	Homo sapiens	127-134
2273817-3	1990	The values of gastrin are significantly higher in these patients than in atropine sensitive patients.	Atropine	73-81	gastrin	Homo sapiens	14-21
2235972-0	1990	Atropine enhances food-stimulated CCK secretion in the rat.	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
2235972-9	1990	Plasma CCK 15 min after beginning the diet infusion was significantly increased by atropine (8.09 +/- 1.77 pM in atropine-treated rats versus 3.14 +/- 0.64 pM in controls).	Atropine	83-91	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	7-10
2235972-9	1990	Plasma CCK 15 min after beginning the diet infusion was significantly increased by atropine (8.09 +/- 1.77 pM in atropine-treated rats versus 3.14 +/- 0.64 pM in controls).	Atropine	113-121	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	7-10
1696429-1	1990	At near-threshold substance P concentrations, the isometric tension response of bovine tracheal strips is almost completely abolished by atropine, indicating mediation of contraction via substance P-stimulated release of acetylcholine from prejunctional nerve terminals.	Atropine	137-145	tachykinin precursor 1	Bos taurus	18-29
1696429-1	1990	At near-threshold substance P concentrations, the isometric tension response of bovine tracheal strips is almost completely abolished by atropine, indicating mediation of contraction via substance P-stimulated release of acetylcholine from prejunctional nerve terminals.	Atropine	137-145	tachykinin precursor 1	Bos taurus	187-198
2229098-4	1990	The gallbladder contraction in response to CCK-OP was inhibited by atropine and by a ganglionic blocking agent, the characteristics suggesting competitive inhibition.	Atropine	67-75	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	43-46
8335198-6	1993	Atropine, hexamethonium, ICS205-930, BRL43694, phentolamine, yohimbine, and propranolol significantly inhibited motilin-induced contractions.	Atropine	0-8	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	112-119
1696872-5	1990	We also observed that atropine acts synergistically with enkephalinase to completely abolish substance P-induced iris contraction suggesting that the action of substance P on the iris contains an acetylcholine-stimulatory effect which is not lost by enkephalinase treatment.	Atropine	22-30	neprilysin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	250-263
2162335-4	1990	The effects of carbamylcholine on VIP-induced cAMP synthesis were concentration dependent (EC50 = 23 nM), mimicked by selective muscarinic cholinergic agonists (oxotremorine, pilocarpine), and antagonized by atropine.	Atropine	208-216	VIP peptides	Oryctolagus cuniculus	34-37
2241424-1	1990	Two vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) analogues were observed to induce a concentration-dependent contraction of guinea-pig ileum, which was blocked by atropine but not by tubocurarine.	Atropine	158-166	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	39-42
2199944-6	1990	The contractile components of the responses, which were reduced by Met-enkephalin, were entirely abolished by atropine (3 x 10(-6) M).	Atropine	110-118	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	67-81
2110338-1	1990	Atropine is an anticholinergic drug used in military medicine as an antidote following exposure to cholinesterase-inhibiting nerve agents.	Atropine	0-8	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	99-113
2305865-4	1990	Increasing labeling of p83 parallels stimulated secretion with respect to the onset of agonist action, agonist potency, and antagonism by atropine.	Atropine	138-146	Rho related BTB domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	23-26
2380655-4	1990	Both sarcosine-isoleucine-angiotensin II ([Sar, Ile]-ANG II) and atropine blocked, and nadolol increased, the effect of EFS and exogenous angiotensin II on serotonin production.	Atropine	65-73	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	138-152
2297815-6	1990	The response to acetylcholine was antagonized by the addition of 10 microns atropine to the perfusate (Lp/Lpo = 1.8 +/- 0.4).	Atropine	76-84	lactoperoxidase	Homo sapiens	106-109
2297815-7	1990	Perfusion with atropine alone reduced Lp in three of six capillaries Lp/Lpo = 0.56 +/- 0.04); Lp in the remaining three vessels was unaffected.	Atropine	15-23	lactoperoxidase	Homo sapiens	72-75
1690290-2	1990	Pretreatment of the iris with 20 micrograms of recombinant enkephalinase (neutral endopeptidase; EC 3.4.24.11) totally abolished the contractile response to substance P. Injection of 10 micrograms of capsaicin into the anterior chamber of atropine-treated rabbit eyes in vivo induced an immediate and intense miosis.	Atropine	239-247	neprilysin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	59-72
1980784-6	1990	The antagonistic effect of somatostatin on the spontaneous and motilin-induced contractions resembled the effect of atropine and probably resulted from the decreased acetylcholine release in the cholinergic neurons.	Atropine	116-124	somatostatin	Canis lupus familiaris	27-39
1980784-6	1990	The antagonistic effect of somatostatin on the spontaneous and motilin-induced contractions resembled the effect of atropine and probably resulted from the decreased acetylcholine release in the cholinergic neurons.	Atropine	116-124	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	63-70
2141774-0	1990	Effect of atropine on plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration in healthy subjects.	Atropine	10-18	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	29-55
2141774-1	1990	This work shows that an intravenous infusion of atropine increases the concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the plasma of healthy subjects.	Atropine	48-56	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	88-114
2141774-1	1990	This work shows that an intravenous infusion of atropine increases the concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the plasma of healthy subjects.	Atropine	48-56	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	116-119
1980409-8	1990	Moreover, the effectiveness of atropine points to the importance of antimuscarinic properties of possible "antidotes" for the maintenance of ganglionic transmission in cases of AChE poisoning.	Atropine	31-39	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	177-181
2114193-3	1990	Combined microinjections of NGF and an antimuscarinic (atropine) or an antinicotinic (mecamylamine) substance have indicated that NGF probably acts through accelerating the development of the septo-hippocampal cholinergic fibers involved in this behavior.	Atropine	55-63	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	130-133
2262056-7	1990	Atropine (10(-6) M) prevented the increase in PSP concentration during vagus stimulation, but only partially inhibited the output.	Atropine	0-8	regenerating family member 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	46-49
2302186-6	1990	The plateau phase (Ca2(+)-channel opening) is dependent on the continued presence of agonist, since addition of atropine closes the Ca2+ channel and intracellular Ca2+ declines rapidly back to basal.	Atropine	112-120	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	19-22
2302186-6	1990	The plateau phase (Ca2(+)-channel opening) is dependent on the continued presence of agonist, since addition of atropine closes the Ca2+ channel and intracellular Ca2+ declines rapidly back to basal.	Atropine	112-120	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	132-135
2302186-6	1990	The plateau phase (Ca2(+)-channel opening) is dependent on the continued presence of agonist, since addition of atropine closes the Ca2+ channel and intracellular Ca2+ declines rapidly back to basal.	Atropine	112-120	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	132-135
2373273-0	1990	Inhibition of cholecystokinin-induced gallbladder contraction by atropine and pirenzepine in man.	Atropine	65-73	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	14-29
2350519-1	1990	In the atropine-treated rabbit, vagal stimulation, arterial infusion of ATP or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) caused gastric relaxation.	Atropine	7-15	VIP peptides	Oryctolagus cuniculus	79-108
2350519-1	1990	In the atropine-treated rabbit, vagal stimulation, arterial infusion of ATP or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) caused gastric relaxation.	Atropine	7-15	VIP peptides	Oryctolagus cuniculus	110-113
2282997-0	1990	Cholecystokinin release by gastric distension--an atropine-sensitive mechanism.	Atropine	50-58	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	0-15
2282997-7	1990	Atropine completely blocked PP release and almost abolished CCK release, whereas gastrin output was enhanced.	Atropine	0-8	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	28-30
2282997-7	1990	Atropine completely blocked PP release and almost abolished CCK release, whereas gastrin output was enhanced.	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	60-63
2282997-10	1990	In conclusion, we demonstrated a gastric phase of CCK release which is atropine sensitive, but not influenced by propranolol.	Atropine	71-79	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	50-53
2153809-2	1990	SK&F 94120 (1-10 microM) potentiated relaxation induced by isoproterenol, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and electrical field stimulation (EFS) in the presence of atropine and propranolol but had no effect on relaxation induced by sodium nitroprusside.	Atropine	172-180	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	109-112
2314485-2	1990	PAF caused a dose-dependent vasodilation of norepinephrine-contracted mesenteric vascular bed, which was sensitive to CV-3988, a PAF antagonist, but insensitive to tetrodotoxin, atropine, propranolol and indomethacin.	Atropine	178-186	PCNA clamp associated factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
2110369-4	1990	Furthermore, the stimulatory effect of TRH or pilocarpine on gastric secretion was completely abolished by pretreatment of the CSF or the anterior hypothalamus with atropine and to a lower degree, D-tubocurarine.	Atropine	165-173	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
2326547-2	1990	The values of pD2 and pA2 for ACh and atropine, respectively, on longitudinal muscle of fundus were similar to those of body but were larger than those of antrum.	Atropine	38-46	PAF1 homolog, Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component	Homo sapiens	14-17
2875917-4	1986	Inclusion of either atropine or pirenzepine in incubation medium prevented GABA-induced stimulation of gastrin release and inhibition of somatostatin release.	Atropine	20-28	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	103-110
26205539-4	2015	In anesthetized adult rats, microinjection of the alpha1A-adrenoceptor agonist A61603 (1 pmol) unilaterally into the medullary region containing these neurons caused a significant increase in airway resistance, which was prevented by intraperitoneal atropine (0.5 mg/kg).	Atropine	250-258	adrenoceptor alpha 1A	Rattus norvegicus	50-70
1711837-4	1991	Consequently, pralidoxime (2-PAM) in conjunction with atropine was necessary to reverse acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and cholinergic toxicity in hens given high enough doses of chlorpyrifos to cause neuropathy.	Atropine	54-62	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Gallus gallus	88-108
34629333-0	2021	Effect of administering dexmedetomidine with or without atropine on cardiac troponin I level in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.	Atropine	56-64	troponin I3, cardiac type	Canis lupus familiaris	68-86
34969248-8	2022	For mice after intragastric poisoning with sarin (a neurotoxic agent), an atropine-assisted 2-PAM@MIL-88B(Fe) treatment experiment revealed that 2-PAM@MIL-88B(Fe) continuously released 2-PAM for more than 72 h so that poisoned AChE was continuously and steadily reactivated.	Atropine	74-82	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	227-231
34629333-1	2021	We aimed to determine whether dexmedetomidine administration with or without atropine increases cardiac troponin I (cTnI) level in healthy dogs.	Atropine	77-85	troponin I3, cardiac type	Canis lupus familiaris	96-114
34629333-1	2021	We aimed to determine whether dexmedetomidine administration with or without atropine increases cardiac troponin I (cTnI) level in healthy dogs.	Atropine	77-85	troponin I3, cardiac type	Canis lupus familiaris	116-120
34629333-2	2021	We hypothesized that 10 microg/kg dexmedetomidine + atropine increases the cTnI level, whereas 5 microg/kg dexmedetomidine + atropine does not.	Atropine	52-60	troponin I3, cardiac type	Canis lupus familiaris	75-79
34629333-9	2021	The cTnI level in the atropine-dexmedetomidine (10 microg/kg) group was significantly higher than that in the saline-dexmedetomidine (10 microg/kg) and atropine-dexmedetomidine (5 microg/kg) groups at 6 and 12 hr after premedication.	Atropine	22-30	troponin I3, cardiac type	Canis lupus familiaris	4-8
34629333-9	2021	The cTnI level in the atropine-dexmedetomidine (10 microg/kg) group was significantly higher than that in the saline-dexmedetomidine (10 microg/kg) and atropine-dexmedetomidine (5 microg/kg) groups at 6 and 12 hr after premedication.	Atropine	152-160	troponin I3, cardiac type	Canis lupus familiaris	4-8
34629333-11	2021	The administration of atropine in combination with 10 microg/kg dexmedetomidine increased the cTnI level, indicating subclinical myocardial damage.	Atropine	22-30	troponin I3, cardiac type	Canis lupus familiaris	94-98
34425506-5	2021	ICV pretreatment with the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine partially blocked the RR, RMV, pO2, and pCO2 responses produced by nesfatin-1 while completely blocking the TV response.	Atropine	57-65	nucleobindin 2	Rattus norvegicus	133-143
34823118-5	2022	In PP, IFN-gamma+/CD4+ T or IL-6+/CD4+ T cell numbers were higher in the muscarine or atropine groups, respectively.	Atropine	86-94	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	7-16
34823118-5	2022	In PP, IFN-gamma+/CD4+ T or IL-6+/CD4+ T cell numbers were higher in the muscarine or atropine groups, respectively.	Atropine	86-94	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	18-21
34823118-5	2022	In PP, IFN-gamma+/CD4+ T or IL-6+/CD4+ T cell numbers were higher in the muscarine or atropine groups, respectively.	Atropine	86-94	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	28-32
34823118-5	2022	In PP, IFN-gamma+/CD4+ T or IL-6+/CD4+ T cell numbers were higher in the muscarine or atropine groups, respectively.	Atropine	86-94	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	34-37
34823118-6	2022	In LP, TNF-alpha+/CD4+ T cell number was higher in the muscarine group and lower in the atropine.	Atropine	88-96	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	7-16
34823118-6	2022	In LP, TNF-alpha+/CD4+ T cell number was higher in the muscarine group and lower in the atropine.	Atropine	88-96	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	18-21
34390402-2	2021	We hypothesized that, under atropine, the phi1 amplitude (A1) for HR would reduce to nil, whereas the A1 for CO would still be positive, due to the sudden increase in stroke volume (SV) at exercise onset.	Atropine	28-36	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 14B	Homo sapiens	42-46
34310952-0	2021	Modulation of the Sublingual Microenvironment and pH-Dependent Transport Pathways to Enhance Atropine Sulfate Permeability for the Treatment of Organophosphates Poisoning.	Atropine	93-109	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	50-52
34608867-5	2021	Intraocular administration of atropine, an agent known to slow ocular elongation, also resulted in an increase in choroidal IL-6 gene expression.	Atropine	30-38	interleukin 6	Gallus gallus	124-128
34509475-8	2021	Chronic administration of the parasympathetic blocker atropine or unilateral vagotomy significantly prolonged the life of the SENP2-deficient mice.	Atropine	54-62	SUMO/sentrin specific peptidase 2	Mus musculus	126-131
35358761-5	2022	Cough hyperreactivity, along with overexpression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors in esophageal mucosa and in nerve fibers of tracheal mucosa of guinea pigs were blocked by pretreatment with esophageal infusion of capsazepine, but not atropine.	Atropine	264-272	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Cavia porcellus	52-92
34285659-7	2021	Atropine and diacerein suppressed levels of the myopia-related TGF-beta1 and MMP-2 while increasing type I collagen expression.	Atropine	0-8	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	63-72
34285659-7	2021	Atropine and diacerein suppressed levels of the myopia-related TGF-beta1 and MMP-2 while increasing type I collagen expression.	Atropine	0-8	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	77-82
35358761-5	2022	Cough hyperreactivity, along with overexpression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors in esophageal mucosa and in nerve fibers of tracheal mucosa of guinea pigs were blocked by pretreatment with esophageal infusion of capsazepine, but not atropine.	Atropine	264-272	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Cavia porcellus	94-99
35153787-12	2022	Conclusion: The molecular evidence using next-generation proteomics (NGP) revealed that retinal EIF2 signaling, glycolysis, and dopamine secretion through SNCA are implicated in atropine treatment of myopia in the FDM-induced guinea pig model.	Atropine	178-186	alpha-synuclein	Cavia porcellus	155-159
2558899-0	1989	4-Aminopyridine induces the release of neuropeptide Y (NPY) to produce an atropine- and tetrodotoxin-resistant contraction in rabbit isolated jejunum.	Atropine	74-82	neuropeptide Y	Oryctolagus cuniculus	39-53
2558899-0	1989	4-Aminopyridine induces the release of neuropeptide Y (NPY) to produce an atropine- and tetrodotoxin-resistant contraction in rabbit isolated jejunum.	Atropine	74-82	neuropeptide Y	Oryctolagus cuniculus	55-58
2558899-6	1989	Our results indicate that 4-AP induces the release of NPY from non-adrenergic nerves to produce an atropine- and TTX-resistant contraction in the isolated jejunum of rabbits.	Atropine	99-107	neuropeptide Y	Oryctolagus cuniculus	54-57
2591219-1	1989	Atropine is used both to treat a variety of clinical disorders and as an antidote to cholinesterase poisoning.	Atropine	0-8	butyrylcholinesterase	Canis lupus familiaris	85-99
2481981-7	1989	The increment in plasma CCK by EVS was also significantly suppressed by atropine.	Atropine	72-80	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	24-27
2600253-5	1989	Parotid saliva collected via ductal cannulation from rats subjected to chronic atropine administration (and stimulated to secrete by pilocarpine) exhibited increased levels of two basic proline-rich proteins (Peak A and SP-3), as evaluated by SDS-PAGE, compared with those observed in saliva from controls.	Atropine	79-87	Sp3 transcription factor	Rattus norvegicus	209-224
2600808-6	1989	Atropine shifted the dose-response curve of CCK-OP in pylorus, duodenum and antrum to the right suggesting a neural action of CCK-OP.	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	44-47
2600808-6	1989	Atropine shifted the dose-response curve of CCK-OP in pylorus, duodenum and antrum to the right suggesting a neural action of CCK-OP.	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	126-129
2683738-4	1989	Atropine (500 micrograms, im) inhibited significantly (p less than 0.01) the gallbladder contraction (maximum contractile rate, 78.7 +/- 6.4%) in response to bombesin without any change of plasma CCK secretion, whereas proglumide (800 mg/day for 3 days, per os) decreased slightly but not significantly the gallbladder contraction, and had no effect on plasma CCK secretion.	Atropine	0-8	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	158-166
2683738-4	1989	Atropine (500 micrograms, im) inhibited significantly (p less than 0.01) the gallbladder contraction (maximum contractile rate, 78.7 +/- 6.4%) in response to bombesin without any change of plasma CCK secretion, whereas proglumide (800 mg/day for 3 days, per os) decreased slightly but not significantly the gallbladder contraction, and had no effect on plasma CCK secretion.	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	196-199
2683738-4	1989	Atropine (500 micrograms, im) inhibited significantly (p less than 0.01) the gallbladder contraction (maximum contractile rate, 78.7 +/- 6.4%) in response to bombesin without any change of plasma CCK secretion, whereas proglumide (800 mg/day for 3 days, per os) decreased slightly but not significantly the gallbladder contraction, and had no effect on plasma CCK secretion.	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	360-363
2683738-6	1989	These findings suggest that atropine inhibits bombesin-induced gallbladder contraction, not via suppression of CCK release, but probably by inhibiting cholinergic mechanisms, whereas somatostatin inhibits gallbladder contraction, at least in part, by the suppression of bombesin-stimulated CCK secretion.	Atropine	28-36	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	46-54
2531983-6	1989	Intravenous administration of VIP and carbachol significantly stimulated bicarbonate outputs, and these responses were blocked by the VIP antagonist and atropine, respectively.	Atropine	153-161	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
2628016-6	1989	The findings suggest that atropine widely used in poisoning with various inhibitors of cholinesterase, does not normalize the tonus of cerebral vessels.	Atropine	26-34	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	87-101
2478607-11	1989	Atropine (10(-5) mol/L) augmented the secretagogue activity of PAF, whereas dexamethasone (10(-5) mol/L) inhibited it.	Atropine	0-8	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	63-66
2810120-9	1989	The contractions induced by EM-523 and motilin were inhibited by atropine but were not affected by naloxone, suggesting that the cholinergic pathway is important in the exertion of their action.	Atropine	65-73	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	39-46
2476938-6	1989	Both atropine and tetrodotoxin reduced the response of substance P at the ileal site.	Atropine	5-13	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	55-66
2510174-4	1989	The receptor expressed in these cells exhibits the high-affinity binding for the antagonists quinuclidinyl benzilate and atropine expected of a muscarinic receptor.	Atropine	121-129	muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor, A-type	Drosophila melanogaster	144-163
2570728-2	1989	In omeprazole-treated dogs, a sustained gastrin release was observed during a 10-h period after feeding, although greater than 95% of the meal had left the stomach after 4 h. This sustained gastrin release could be inhibited by acidification of the gastric lumen, by somatostatin, and by atropine.	Atropine	288-296	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	190-197
2617974-2	1989	Atropin produced an inhibitory effect on the central hemodynamics, reduction of blood volume in the abdominal cavity after No-spa intake.	Atropine	0-7	surfactant protein A2	Homo sapiens	126-129
2512341-4	1989	Pretreatment with atropine (0.01 mg/kg IM 30 min prior to the TRH administration) abolished the TRH induced GH rise (peak GH after TRH of 1.5 +/- 1.0 ng/ml, p less than 0.01) but did not modify the TSH response (peak TSH after TRH: basal conditions 8.7 +/- 0.8 microU/ml, post atropine: 9.5 +/- 1.4 microU/ml, p greater than 0.05).	Atropine	18-26	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	62-65
2551183-2	1989	This inhibitory action of carbachol on binding of 125I-VIP depends on time, temperature, and the concentration of carbachol in the first incubation and can be blocked by atropine.	Atropine	170-178	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	55-58
2574201-7	1989	Atropine injected subcutaneously 30 min before milking increased resting concentrations of gastrin but decreased resting concentrations of somatostatin.	Atropine	0-8	gastrin	Bos taurus	91-98
2574201-7	1989	Atropine injected subcutaneously 30 min before milking increased resting concentrations of gastrin but decreased resting concentrations of somatostatin.	Atropine	0-8	somatostatin	Bos taurus	139-151
2574201-11	1989	The gastrin release caused by milking may be mediated via a cholinergic mechanism, whereas the atropine resistant effect on gastrin caused by feeding and on somatostatin caused by both milking and feeding suggest that a noncholinergic, perhaps peptidergic, transmitter may be involved.	Atropine	95-103	gastrin	Bos taurus	124-131
2512341-4	1989	Pretreatment with atropine (0.01 mg/kg IM 30 min prior to the TRH administration) abolished the TRH induced GH rise (peak GH after TRH of 1.5 +/- 1.0 ng/ml, p less than 0.01) but did not modify the TSH response (peak TSH after TRH: basal conditions 8.7 +/- 0.8 microU/ml, post atropine: 9.5 +/- 1.4 microU/ml, p greater than 0.05).	Atropine	18-26	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	96-99
2512341-4	1989	Pretreatment with atropine (0.01 mg/kg IM 30 min prior to the TRH administration) abolished the TRH induced GH rise (peak GH after TRH of 1.5 +/- 1.0 ng/ml, p less than 0.01) but did not modify the TSH response (peak TSH after TRH: basal conditions 8.7 +/- 0.8 microU/ml, post atropine: 9.5 +/- 1.4 microU/ml, p greater than 0.05).	Atropine	18-26	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	108-110
2512341-4	1989	Pretreatment with atropine (0.01 mg/kg IM 30 min prior to the TRH administration) abolished the TRH induced GH rise (peak GH after TRH of 1.5 +/- 1.0 ng/ml, p less than 0.01) but did not modify the TSH response (peak TSH after TRH: basal conditions 8.7 +/- 0.8 microU/ml, post atropine: 9.5 +/- 1.4 microU/ml, p greater than 0.05).	Atropine	18-26	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	96-99
2512341-4	1989	Pretreatment with atropine (0.01 mg/kg IM 30 min prior to the TRH administration) abolished the TRH induced GH rise (peak GH after TRH of 1.5 +/- 1.0 ng/ml, p less than 0.01) but did not modify the TSH response (peak TSH after TRH: basal conditions 8.7 +/- 0.8 microU/ml, post atropine: 9.5 +/- 1.4 microU/ml, p greater than 0.05).	Atropine	18-26	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	96-99
2512341-4	1989	Pretreatment with atropine (0.01 mg/kg IM 30 min prior to the TRH administration) abolished the TRH induced GH rise (peak GH after TRH of 1.5 +/- 1.0 ng/ml, p less than 0.01) but did not modify the TSH response (peak TSH after TRH: basal conditions 8.7 +/- 0.8 microU/ml, post atropine: 9.5 +/- 1.4 microU/ml, p greater than 0.05).	Atropine	277-285	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	96-99
2512341-4	1989	Pretreatment with atropine (0.01 mg/kg IM 30 min prior to the TRH administration) abolished the TRH induced GH rise (peak GH after TRH of 1.5 +/- 1.0 ng/ml, p less than 0.01) but did not modify the TSH response (peak TSH after TRH: basal conditions 8.7 +/- 0.8 microU/ml, post atropine: 9.5 +/- 1.4 microU/ml, p greater than 0.05).	Atropine	277-285	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	96-99
2512341-4	1989	Pretreatment with atropine (0.01 mg/kg IM 30 min prior to the TRH administration) abolished the TRH induced GH rise (peak GH after TRH of 1.5 +/- 1.0 ng/ml, p less than 0.01) but did not modify the TSH response (peak TSH after TRH: basal conditions 8.7 +/- 0.8 microU/ml, post atropine: 9.5 +/- 1.4 microU/ml, p greater than 0.05).	Atropine	277-285	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	96-99
2642264-10	1989	NT-induced gallbladder contraction was completely abolished by atropine treatment.	Atropine	63-71	neurotensin	Canis lupus familiaris	0-2
2569919-8	1989	The responses to GLU (10 pmol) and TRH (10 pmol) were abolished by hexamethonium and vagotomy; atropine abolished the effect of TRH and attenuated that of GLU.	Atropine	95-103	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	128-131
2475029-4	1989	Acetylcholine increased VIP output by an atropine-sensitive mechanism.	Atropine	41-49	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	24-27
2569837-1	1989	Previous reports of somatostatin"s atropine-sensitive negative inotropic effect on cardiac function prompted the present studies to characterize the molecular forms and actions of somatostatin in the canine heart.	Atropine	35-43	somatostatin	Canis lupus familiaris	20-32
2501141-5	1989	Bilateral vagotomy and atropine (0.15 mg/kg) completely blocked the effects of intracerebroventricular injection of TRH (5 micrograms) on gastric acid secretion and mucosal blood flow.	Atropine	23-31	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	116-119
2568995-2	1989	In this study we examined the effect of peripheral muscarinic blockade with atropine on metoclopramide-, angiotensin-II-, and ACTH-stimulated aldosterone secretion in man.	Atropine	76-84	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	105-119
2568995-2	1989	In this study we examined the effect of peripheral muscarinic blockade with atropine on metoclopramide-, angiotensin-II-, and ACTH-stimulated aldosterone secretion in man.	Atropine	76-84	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	126-130
2568995-5	1989	Atropine also attenuated the plasma aldosterone response to a low dose angiotensin II infusion (2 ng/kg.min; control, 449 +/- 99 pmol/L; atropine, 297 +/- 78 pmol/L; P less than 0.05).	Atropine	0-8	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	71-85
2760844-3	1989	The classical antagonist, atropine (0.1-2 microM), induced an increase in release whether AChE activity was inhibited or intact.	Atropine	26-34	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	90-94
2513648-3	1989	The results were as follows: (1) The propulsive distance of charcoal meal was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner after ICV injections of TRH (1 microgram/10 microliters, 5 micrograms/10 microliters or 10 micrograms/10 microliters) (P less than 0.01-0.001) The effects were abolished by injection of atropine (5 micrograms/10 microliters ICV).	Atropine	313-321	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	151-154
2476909-7	1989	After atropine the cells became less sensitive to both substance P and VIP.	Atropine	6-14	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
2600859-7	1989	Atropine increased resting heart rate and blood pressure with tubocurarine to 107 beats min-1 and 98 mmHg, respectively, in seven subjects.	Atropine	0-8	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	88-93
2811781-5	1989	Atropine reduces the increase in PRL levels caused by thiopental and ketamine, while it does not affect PRL high levels induced by dehydrobenzperidine.	Atropine	0-8	prolactin	Homo sapiens	33-36
2571301-7	1989	In untreated strips, physostigmine (10(-10)-10(-8) M) enhanced the off contraction in response to electrical stimulation, whereas atropine caused a dose-dependent reduction with complete abolition at 10(-4) M. These data suggest that in the esophagus inhibition and excitation are mediated by distinct mechanisms: VIP mediates inhibition and acetylcholine is responsible for the off contraction in response to electrical stimulation.	Atropine	130-138	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	314-317
2723736-5	1989	Twenty-two of 33 rhythmic MSN-NDB cells continued to burst at the theta rhythm frequency after administration of a dose of atropine (25 mg/kg iv) that was sufficient to eliminate the theta rhythm (atropine-resistant cells).	Atropine	123-131	moesin	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
2723736-5	1989	Twenty-two of 33 rhythmic MSN-NDB cells continued to burst at the theta rhythm frequency after administration of a dose of atropine (25 mg/kg iv) that was sufficient to eliminate the theta rhythm (atropine-resistant cells).	Atropine	197-205	moesin	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
2723736-13	1989	This indicates that the atropine-sensitive MSN-NDB cells do not depend on the periodic output from the hippocampus for their rhythmic firing.	Atropine	24-32	moesin	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
2469860-6	1989	Administration of the antimuscarinic drug atropine only slightly affected the SO spikeburst frequency when infused prior to SP (73.0 +/- 10.4 vs 70.8 +/- 8.2, P greater than 0.05).	Atropine	42-50	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	124-126
2470273-6	1989	Substance P induced atropine-resistant nasal secretion in a dose-dependent manner in anaesthetized dogs and rats.	Atropine	20-28	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	0-11
2470258-7	1989	Substance P- but not CCK-8- or neurotensin-induced contractions of gastric muscle were reduced by tetrodotoxin (TTX) and atropine (P less than 0.05).	Atropine	121-129	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	0-11
2716308-8	1989	PP release in response to peptone was accentuated in vagotomized dogs, while atropine suppressed the release of PP following peptone infusion.	Atropine	77-85	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	112-114
2472555-2	1989	When the tone was raised by addition of galanin (0.3-1 microM), prostaglandin (PG) E2 (1-10 microM) or neurokinin A (NKA, 0.1 microM), a frequency-related relaxation was evident which was potentiated by atropine.	Atropine	203-211	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	103-115
2494778-2	1989	The protection by At, 8 mg/kg, iv, against CA intoxication was reduced by 2-PAM (22 mg/kg, iv) and HI-6 (50 mg/kg, iv) from a protective ratio (PR) of 6.6 to 3.5 and 2.3, respectively.	Atropine	18-20	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
2756158-10	1989	Administration of NPY to atropine-treated animals produced a reversal of the atropine-induced tachycardia, suggesting that the NPY-induced decrease in HR was not due to augmented vagal tone.	Atropine	25-33	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
2466410-5	1989	The atropine-resistant AER was blocked by hexamethonium and the tachykinin antagonist spantide [( D-Arg1,D-Trp7,9, Leu11]-substance P) suggesting that it involved cholinergic interneurons and tachykinin-utilizing motor neurons.	Atropine	4-12	arginase-1	Cavia porcellus	100-104
2568724-4	1989	Acetylcholine stimulated insulin release from both cell lines was reduced by atropine but unaffected by hexamethonium confirming a mechanism of action involving muscarinic receptor activation.	Atropine	77-85	insulin	Mesocricetus auratus	25-32
2497021-3	1989	The response to TRH was prevented by tetrodotoxin and nearly abolished by atropine, but was not affected by mecamylamine.	Atropine	74-82	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Cavia porcellus	16-19
2575551-4	1989	The inhibitory effect of telenzepine and pirenzepine were not accompanied by any major alterations in plasma gastrin or somatostatin but those of atropine were related to significant increase in plasma gastrin and to significant decrease in plasma somatostatin levels, suggesting the involvement of M2 receptors in the cholinergic control of these hormones.	Atropine	146-154	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	202-209
2504552-0	1989	Inhibitory effects of atropine on growth hormone release in normal subjects and acromegaly.	Atropine	22-30	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	34-48
2504552-3	1989	Atropine, an anticholinergic agent, can cross the blood-brain barrier and inhibit GH secretion stimulated by exercise and sleep in normal persons.	Atropine	0-8	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	82-84
2504552-5	1989	The results confirmed that GH secretion increases after exercise and that this GH elevation can be inhibited by atropine in normal subjects.	Atropine	112-120	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	27-29
2504552-5	1989	The results confirmed that GH secretion increases after exercise and that this GH elevation can be inhibited by atropine in normal subjects.	Atropine	112-120	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	79-81
2504552-8	1989	It is suggested that the atropine test can be used as a GH inhibitory test in acromegaly patients with overt diabetes.	Atropine	25-33	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	56-58
2494104-5	1989	The stimulatory effect of acetylcholine on ir-TRH release from the rat caecum was blocked with an addition of atropine.	Atropine	110-118	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
2557047-2	1989	The atropine + clonidine-induced locomotor stimulation was counteracted by both the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan and the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine.	Atropine	4-12	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	133-153
2806756-1	1989	The effects of the selective muscarinic M1-receptor antagonist pirenzepine and the nonselective muscarinic antagonist atropine on bombesin- and peptone-stimulated release of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were studied in healthy subjects.	Atropine	118-126	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	130-138
2806756-1	1989	The effects of the selective muscarinic M1-receptor antagonist pirenzepine and the nonselective muscarinic antagonist atropine on bombesin- and peptone-stimulated release of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were studied in healthy subjects.	Atropine	118-126	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	174-196
2806758-1	1989	Exclusion of bile and pancreatic juice (BPJ) from the proximal intestine increases the release of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) from 4.4 to 14.3 pM and its increase was diminished by the intravenous infusion of atropine (100 micrograms/kg/h) in conscious rats.	Atropine	209-217	pancreatic polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	98-120
2806758-1	1989	Exclusion of bile and pancreatic juice (BPJ) from the proximal intestine increases the release of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) from 4.4 to 14.3 pM and its increase was diminished by the intravenous infusion of atropine (100 micrograms/kg/h) in conscious rats.	Atropine	209-217	pancreatic polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	122-124
2778846-5	1989	A single sc dose of memantine HCl (MEM, 18 mg/kg) and atropine sulfate (ATS, 16 mg/kg) 60 and 15 min, respectively, prior to carbofuran administration completely prevented the expected gross toxic signs and significantly (p less than .01) attenuated the carbofuran-induced inhibition of AChE activity.	Atropine	54-70	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	287-291
2466220-3	1989	CCK-8 produced a saturable and potent (EC50 = 3 nM) facilitation of KCl (35 mM)-evoked [3H]DA efflux from nucleus accumbens, but failed to significantly alter [3H]DA efflux from striatum: The stimulatory action of CCK-8 was unaffected by the muscarinic antagonist atropine, the opiate antagonist naloxone, or the selective ion channel blockers tetrodotoxin and nifedipine.	Atropine	264-272	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
2573035-0	1989	[Beta 2 adrenergic and synthetic atropine drugs as inhalants in asthma in children].	Atropine	33-41	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	1-7
2587621-1	1989	Modifications of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, caused by diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) and atropine and their synergism, were determined in vitro and in vivo in the rat.	Atropine	102-110	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	17-37
2587621-1	1989	Modifications of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, caused by diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) and atropine and their synergism, were determined in vitro and in vivo in the rat.	Atropine	102-110	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	39-43
2587621-2	1989	In vitro atropine caused a reduction of the AChE activity, but reduced the enzyme inhibition by DFP.	Atropine	9-17	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	44-48
2587621-4	1989	In vivo the AChE inhibition by DFP is in part reduced by atropine.	Atropine	57-65	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	12-16
2587621-5	1989	The limited protection of AChE by atropine may be one of the factors implied in the reduction of the DFP toxicity by atropine.	Atropine	34-42	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
2587621-5	1989	The limited protection of AChE by atropine may be one of the factors implied in the reduction of the DFP toxicity by atropine.	Atropine	117-125	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
2473503-6	1989	The stimulated CCK plasma levels were significantly lowered by the infusion of atropine 60 min, but not 180 min, after feeding of camostate.	Atropine	79-87	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
2662263-3	1989	Secretin (100-1000 pM) stimulated transient PP secretion and this response was completely inhibited by 10 microM of atropine.	Atropine	116-124	pancreatic polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	44-46
2756158-10	1989	Administration of NPY to atropine-treated animals produced a reversal of the atropine-induced tachycardia, suggesting that the NPY-induced decrease in HR was not due to augmented vagal tone.	Atropine	25-33	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
2756158-10	1989	Administration of NPY to atropine-treated animals produced a reversal of the atropine-induced tachycardia, suggesting that the NPY-induced decrease in HR was not due to augmented vagal tone.	Atropine	77-85	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
2756158-10	1989	Administration of NPY to atropine-treated animals produced a reversal of the atropine-induced tachycardia, suggesting that the NPY-induced decrease in HR was not due to augmented vagal tone.	Atropine	77-85	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
2517132-4	1989	Both of these inhibiting effects of TRH were completely offset or strikingly decreased by icv preinjection of the cholinergic M-receptor blocker atropine.	Atropine	145-153	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	36-39
2852536-6	1988	Atropine (1 microM) blocked the inhibitory effect of physostigmine on the depressant action of D-Pen2,L-Pen5-enkephalin.	Atropine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
3240212-5	1988	On two measures (accommodation and diastolic blood pressure), 2-PAM Cl was found to significantly potentiate the atropine effect.	Atropine	113-121	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Homo sapiens	64-67
2848833-4	1988	When the exchanger was blocked by amiloride or sodium removal, carbachol induced a dramatic (atropine inhibitable) decrease in pHi (approximately 0.4 pH unit with t1/2 approximately 0.5 min at 1 mM carbachol).	Atropine	93-101	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
2851006-2	1988	VIP (10(-10) to 10(-6) M) produced a dose-dependent increase in [3H]glycoconjugate release of up to 300% of controls, which was inhibited by VIP antiserum and not inhibited by atropine, propranolol, or phentolamine.	Atropine	176-184	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
3065855-0	1988	[Atropine-induced inhibition of growth hormone secretion caused by insulin-induced hypoglycemia].	Atropine	1-9	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
2462362-4	1988	This ionotropic effect in longitudinal muscle was partially atropine sensitive for SPME, SP, and NKB but not for NKA, whereas neither atropine nor tetrodotoxin had an effect in circular muscle.	Atropine	60-68	tachykinin precursor 3	Homo sapiens	97-100
2462362-6	1988	In longitudinal muscle treated with atropine and in circular muscle, the rank order of potency for the inotropic response was NKA greater than NKB greater than SP greater than SPME.	Atropine	36-44	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	126-129
2462362-6	1988	In longitudinal muscle treated with atropine and in circular muscle, the rank order of potency for the inotropic response was NKA greater than NKB greater than SP greater than SPME.	Atropine	36-44	tachykinin precursor 3	Homo sapiens	143-146
2849677-3	1988	Interestingly, whereas atropine elicited competitive antagonism of the cyclic GMP response at low concentrations, it also behaved like a noncompetitive antagonist at higher concentrations and its effects were partially reversible.	Atropine	23-31	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Mus musculus	78-81
2463981-8	1988	The tachykinin antagonist [D-Arg1,D-Pro2,D-Trp7,9,Leu11]-substance P abolished the effects of phosphoramidon on the atropine-resistant response to vagus nerve stimulation (2 Hz, P less than 0.005).	Atropine	116-124	arginase-1	Cavia porcellus	29-33
3410223-6	1988	Atropine, methysergide, or phentolamine partially blocked the excitatory effect of motilin (p less than 0.05), whereas tetrodotoxin, a combination of atropine and methysergide, or naloxone completely blocked its effects (p less than 0.001).	Atropine	0-8	motilin	Homo sapiens	83-90
3410223-6	1988	Atropine, methysergide, or phentolamine partially blocked the excitatory effect of motilin (p less than 0.05), whereas tetrodotoxin, a combination of atropine and methysergide, or naloxone completely blocked its effects (p less than 0.001).	Atropine	150-158	motilin	Homo sapiens	83-90
2854209-3	1988	VIP was able to relax, fully and dose-dependently, the stomach fundus that had previously been constricted by treatment with 10(-6) M serotonin, and the IC50 value for VIP was 2.4 X 10(-9) M. VIP elevated levels of cyclic AMP in a dose-dependent manner and the EC50 value was 2.8 X 10(-9) M in the presence of 10(-6) M atropine and 10(-6) M guanethidine.	Atropine	319-327	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
2460722-1	1988	The effect of cholinergic blockade with pirenzepine or atropine on growth hormone (GH) release after galanin administration was investigated in five normal male subjects.	Atropine	55-63	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	67-81
2977989-8	1988	TRH-induced hyperinsulinemia was abolished by vagotomy and by systemic administration of hexamethonium or atropine.	Atropine	106-114	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
2854209-3	1988	VIP was able to relax, fully and dose-dependently, the stomach fundus that had previously been constricted by treatment with 10(-6) M serotonin, and the IC50 value for VIP was 2.4 X 10(-9) M. VIP elevated levels of cyclic AMP in a dose-dependent manner and the EC50 value was 2.8 X 10(-9) M in the presence of 10(-6) M atropine and 10(-6) M guanethidine.	Atropine	319-327	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	168-171
2854209-3	1988	VIP was able to relax, fully and dose-dependently, the stomach fundus that had previously been constricted by treatment with 10(-6) M serotonin, and the IC50 value for VIP was 2.4 X 10(-9) M. VIP elevated levels of cyclic AMP in a dose-dependent manner and the EC50 value was 2.8 X 10(-9) M in the presence of 10(-6) M atropine and 10(-6) M guanethidine.	Atropine	319-327	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	168-171
2464387-10	1988	Equimolar concentrations of the leukotriene D4 (LTD4) receptor antagonists LY-171883 greater than L-649,923 greater than or equal to L-648,051 greater than or equal to FPL-55712 blocked part of the response to antigen on tissues treated with atropine, mepyramine and indomethacin.	Atropine	242-250	cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1	Cavia porcellus	32-62
2462185-14	1988	CGRP may interact positively with acetylcholine and certain nonclassical transmitters, and it may be involved (together with other neuropeptides) in the atropine-resistant parasympathetic secretion occurring in the glands under study.	Atropine	153-161	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
3244384-6	1988	PAF-induced gastric lesions were strongly inhibited by the natural PAF-antagonist BN 52021 as well as by atropine sulphate and cimetidine which implicates cholinergic stimulation in the ulcerogenic activity of PAF.	Atropine	105-122	PCNA clamp associated factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
3168130-2	1988	Atropine produced a significant increase in heart rate (HR) within 1 min in all patients studied; the HR increases in patients anaesthetized with halothane (37 +/- 11 beats.min-1, n = 37) or narcotic (34 +/- 12 beats.min-1, n = 30) were significantly greater than in those anaesthetized with enflurane (25 +/- 10 beats.min-1, n = 35; P less than 0.01) or epidural anaesthesia.	Atropine	0-8	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	173-178
3168130-2	1988	Atropine produced a significant increase in heart rate (HR) within 1 min in all patients studied; the HR increases in patients anaesthetized with halothane (37 +/- 11 beats.min-1, n = 37) or narcotic (34 +/- 12 beats.min-1, n = 30) were significantly greater than in those anaesthetized with enflurane (25 +/- 10 beats.min-1, n = 35; P less than 0.01) or epidural anaesthesia.	Atropine	0-8	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	217-222
3168130-2	1988	Atropine produced a significant increase in heart rate (HR) within 1 min in all patients studied; the HR increases in patients anaesthetized with halothane (37 +/- 11 beats.min-1, n = 37) or narcotic (34 +/- 12 beats.min-1, n = 30) were significantly greater than in those anaesthetized with enflurane (25 +/- 10 beats.min-1, n = 35; P less than 0.01) or epidural anaesthesia.	Atropine	0-8	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	217-222
3057326-4	1988	The mechanism of action of organophosphates has been determined in some depth; the understanding of the toxic effects resulting from the inhibition of cholinesterase activity, causing accumulation of acetylcholine at nerve endings has played a major part in providing a rationale for specific antidote treatment using atropine and oximes.	Atropine	318-326	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	151-165
3072534-7	1988	These results indicate that ITV CCK-8 effects the endocrine pancreas and food intake through atropine-sensitive and atropine-insensitive mechanisms, respectively, both of which are likely to be mediated by CNS CCK receptors.	Atropine	116-124	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	210-213
3072534-7	1988	These results indicate that ITV CCK-8 effects the endocrine pancreas and food intake through atropine-sensitive and atropine-insensitive mechanisms, respectively, both of which are likely to be mediated by CNS CCK receptors.	Atropine	93-101	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	32-35
3072534-8	1988	Intravenous CCK-8 also stimulated PP and insulin release, through mechanisms that were atropine-sensitive and atropine-insensitive, respectively.	Atropine	87-95	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	12-15
3072534-7	1988	These results indicate that ITV CCK-8 effects the endocrine pancreas and food intake through atropine-sensitive and atropine-insensitive mechanisms, respectively, both of which are likely to be mediated by CNS CCK receptors.	Atropine	93-101	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	210-213
3072534-7	1988	These results indicate that ITV CCK-8 effects the endocrine pancreas and food intake through atropine-sensitive and atropine-insensitive mechanisms, respectively, both of which are likely to be mediated by CNS CCK receptors.	Atropine	116-124	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	32-35
3072534-8	1988	Intravenous CCK-8 also stimulated PP and insulin release, through mechanisms that were atropine-sensitive and atropine-insensitive, respectively.	Atropine	87-95	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	34-36
3072534-8	1988	Intravenous CCK-8 also stimulated PP and insulin release, through mechanisms that were atropine-sensitive and atropine-insensitive, respectively.	Atropine	110-118	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	12-15
3132357-3	1988	When TRH was administered subcutaneously in rats subjected to stress, it significantly aggravated ulcer formation, and this effect was inhibited by atropine and vagotomy.	Atropine	148-156	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
3207972-15	1988	Atropine significantly attenuated PLA2-induced AH suggesting the participation of acetylcholine.	Atropine	0-8	phospholipase A2 group IB	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
3414321-2	1988	We have investigated the effectiveness of two cholinergic antagonists, atropine and propanthelene given orally for 2 weeks, in suppressing 24-h GH and IGF-I levels.	Atropine	71-79	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	151-156
3205428-5	1988	The results demonstrated that atropine treatments delayed onset of the signs of OPIDN and may have slightly increased brain NTE activity in vivo.	Atropine	30-38	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 6	Gallus gallus	124-127
3384954-8	1988	In addition CCK-8 and VIP generated dose-related (10(-10)-10(-7) M) increases in sphincter of Oddi cAMP levels that were not affected by atropine, propranolol, and phentolamine.	Atropine	137-145	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	22-25
3246807-4	1988	Tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M) and atropine (10(-6) M) converted VIP-induced contraction into relaxation in longitudinal muscle strip of distal colon, although these nerve blockers did not influence VIP-induced relaxations of longitudinal and circular muscle strips in proximal colon and of circular muscle strip in distal colon.	Atropine	28-36	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	58-61
3205428-6	1988	Relatively high levels (Ki: approximately 3.0 mM) of atropine inhibited NTE activity in vitro.	Atropine	53-61	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 6	Gallus gallus	72-75
3284384-9	1988	During both atropine and pancreatic denervation the cephalic phase of insulin release was suppressed and the NE increase was inhibited by congruent to 65%.	Atropine	12-20	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	70-77
3195800-2	1988	To identify the mechanism by which PAF-induced bronchoconstriction occurs in humans, bronchoprovocation testing was performed in 7 subjects (3 normal, 4 with mild asthma) after pretreatment with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), atropine, chlorpheniramine, or indomethacin.	Atropine	228-236	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	35-38
3195800-5	1988	Atropine increased airway responsiveness to PAF: the PC35 SGaw decreased 40% (p less than 0.05) and the slope of the PAF dose-response curve increased 86% (p less than 0.05).	Atropine	0-8	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	44-47
3195800-5	1988	Atropine increased airway responsiveness to PAF: the PC35 SGaw decreased 40% (p less than 0.05) and the slope of the PAF dose-response curve increased 86% (p less than 0.05).	Atropine	0-8	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	117-120
3195800-11	1988	Why atropine heightened the airway response to PAF is unclear.	Atropine	4-12	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	47-50
3364591-7	1988	Administration of atropine or chlorpheniramine into the posterior hypothalamic nucleus 10 min before 2.35 nmol NPY significantly attenuated the pressor response evoked by NPY.	Atropine	18-26	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
3364591-7	1988	Administration of atropine or chlorpheniramine into the posterior hypothalamic nucleus 10 min before 2.35 nmol NPY significantly attenuated the pressor response evoked by NPY.	Atropine	18-26	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	171-174
2458536-2	1988	Atropine led to a slight increase in the EC50 of SP for its post-synaptic neurokinin (NK-A) receptor.	Atropine	0-8	Natural killer alloreactivity QTL 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-90
3401630-12	1988	Atropine blocked all the cardiovascular effects of neurotensin and reduced its early effects on both absorption and secretion but not the later effects on secretion.	Atropine	0-8	neurotensin	Canis lupus familiaris	51-62
2895586-8	1988	The inhibitory action of PYY on 2-DG-stimulated insulin release persisted in the presence of atropine or phentolamine treatment; however, hexamethonium alone or phentolamine plus propranolol treatment blocked the inhibitory action of PYY.	Atropine	93-101	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	25-28
2895586-8	1988	The inhibitory action of PYY on 2-DG-stimulated insulin release persisted in the presence of atropine or phentolamine treatment; however, hexamethonium alone or phentolamine plus propranolol treatment blocked the inhibitory action of PYY.	Atropine	93-101	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	48-55
2458536-5	1988	Only the muscarinic receptor antagonists, atropine and NMS, elicited statistically significant increases in the Emax of SP at its presynaptic receptor (NK-A).	Atropine	42-50	Natural killer alloreactivity QTL 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-156
2454829-1	1988	Neurotensin induced dose-dependent contraction in the isolated gallbladder, bile duct and ampulla of guinea-pigs, which were usually reduced by atropine and tetrodotoxin.	Atropine	144-152	neurotensin/neuromedin N	Cavia porcellus	0-11
2454829-2	1988	In all cases, the neurotensin-induced contraction of the gallbladder was reversed to relaxation by indomethacin after administration of atropine and tetrodotoxin.	Atropine	136-144	neurotensin/neuromedin N	Cavia porcellus	18-29
2454829-3	1988	The neurotensin-induced contraction of bile duct and ampulla was reduced by indomethacin, atropine and tetrodotoxin, and was slightly enhanced in some experiments after guanethidine administration.	Atropine	90-98	neurotensin/neuromedin N	Cavia porcellus	4-15
3338643-1	1988	The secretion of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) by neuropeptides [vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), neuromedin B, and neuromedin C] and carbachol was investigated using the isolated perfused ventral part of the rat pancreas, with or without atropine, and a specific radioimmunoassay for rat PP.	Atropine	272-280	pancreatic polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	17-39
3139980-0	1988	Role of cholinergic receptors blockade by atropine on growth hormone (GH)--releasing hormone (GHRH)--induced GH release in active or surgically cured acromegaly.	Atropine	42-50	growth hormone releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	54-92
3139980-0	1988	Role of cholinergic receptors blockade by atropine on growth hormone (GH)--releasing hormone (GHRH)--induced GH release in active or surgically cured acromegaly.	Atropine	42-50	growth hormone releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	94-98
3227877-5	1988	Atropine and omeprazole (in stimulated, vagotomized rats) completely inhibited acid secretion, but caused different effects on the thioredoxin levels of gastric cells.	Atropine	0-8	thioredoxin 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-142
3227877-6	1988	Atropine restored the thioredoxin immunoreactivity in most gastric epithelial cells to that of the unstimulated, vagotomized controls.	Atropine	0-8	thioredoxin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-33
3284870-5	1988	Atropine (0.2 mg/kg iv) increased mean Vtr by 77% (P less than 0.05) and blunted the histamine effects on sRL, whereas the histamine effects on Vtr were abolished.	Atropine	0-8	sarcalumenin	Ovis aries	106-109
2454500-10	1988	Both tachykinins and VIP are putative transmitters involved in mediating the "atropine-resistant" secretory response.	Atropine	78-86	VIP peptides	Mustela putorius furo	21-24
2896373-2	1988	Intracarotid injections of VIP produced secretion of saliva from the ovine gland which continued after administration of atropine, phentolamine and propranolol.	Atropine	121-129	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	27-30
3395178-5	1988	Atropine (2.6 x 10(-9) M) per se augmented them and also antagonized the inhibitory effects of ACh, suggesting a prejunctional activity of ACh.	Atropine	0-8	acyl-CoA thioesterase 12	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
3395178-5	1988	Atropine (2.6 x 10(-9) M) per se augmented them and also antagonized the inhibitory effects of ACh, suggesting a prejunctional activity of ACh.	Atropine	0-8	acyl-CoA thioesterase 12	Rattus norvegicus	139-142
3348375-7	1988	The ED50 of motilin was 10(-9) M. Acetylcholine also elicited a dose-response muscle contraction with a maximal response observed at 10(-7) M. Atropine (10(-7) M) completely inhibited the maximal response to acetylcholine but did not have any effect on the contractile response to motilin.	Atropine	143-151	promotilin	Cavia porcellus	12-19
3348375-7	1988	The ED50 of motilin was 10(-9) M. Acetylcholine also elicited a dose-response muscle contraction with a maximal response observed at 10(-7) M. Atropine (10(-7) M) completely inhibited the maximal response to acetylcholine but did not have any effect on the contractile response to motilin.	Atropine	143-151	promotilin	Cavia porcellus	281-288
2834614-3	1988	The atropine-sensitive contraction and nonadrenergic noncholinergic relaxation in responses to FES which were tetrodotoxin-sensitive significantly increased in amplitude after bombesin.	Atropine	4-12	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	176-184
3362926-1	1988	Atropine, a postsynaptic muscarinic antagonist, and clonidine, a presynaptic inhibitor of acetylcholine release, protect mice from the lethal effects of soman, a potent and irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor.	Atropine	0-8	butyrylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	186-200
2852454-7	1988	The effects of chronic atropine treatment to selectively upregulate CRH receptors in the cerebral cortex suggests an interaction between CRH and acetylcholine.	Atropine	23-31	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
2852454-7	1988	The effects of chronic atropine treatment to selectively upregulate CRH receptors in the cerebral cortex suggests an interaction between CRH and acetylcholine.	Atropine	23-31	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	137-140
2892424-7	1988	Atropine (3 X 10(-7) M) inhibited the somatostatin response to DMPP (10(-4) M) to the same extent in antral (50 +/- 12% inhibition) and fundic (55 +/- 12% inhibition) segments.	Atropine	0-8	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	38-50
3387897-4	1988	Atropine significantly altered CCK output after sham feeding (basal, 1.0 +/- 0.2 pmol/l; peak 1.3 +/- 0.3 pmol/l).	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	31-34
3130890-4	1988	3 Atropine significantly reduced salivary output (-2.25 +/- 0.36 ml from control values of 4.17 +/- 0.42 ml, P less than 0.001) and heart rate (-9.7 +/- 3.7 beats min-1 from 77.5 +/- 2.7, P less than 0.05).	Atropine	2-10	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	163-168
3418775-1	1988	Usually intoxications with cholinesterase inhibitors are treated with large dosages of atropine.	Atropine	87-95	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	27-41
20501200-2	1988	The acute treatment with the anticholinergic drugs atropine and scopolamine increased neurotensin concentrations in the striatum and, in the former case, also in the nucleus accumbens.	Atropine	51-59	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	86-97
20501200-3	1988	Subchronic administration of atropine resulted in tolerance to its neurotensin-elevating action within the accumbens, but not within the striatum.	Atropine	29-37	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	67-78
20501200-4	1988	Combined treatment with submaximal doses of haloperidol and atropine resulted in increases in neurotensin content which were greater than those seen with either agent alone.	Atropine	60-68	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	94-105
20501312-4	1988	Carbachol attenuation of elevated c-AMP levels can be inhibited by the muscarinic antagonist atropine but not by the specific muscarinic receptor antagonist pirenzepine.	Atropine	93-101	antimicrobial protein CAP18	Oryctolagus cuniculus	34-39
3362847-0	1988	Atropine abolishes the potentiation effect of secretin and cholecystokinin-octapeptide on exocrine pancreatic secretion in humans.	Atropine	0-8	secretin	Homo sapiens	46-54
3362847-2	1988	In the present study, we studied the effect of atropine on potentiating action on pancreatic exocrine secretion stimulated by exogenous secretin in physiologic dose and cholecystokinin-octapeptide in humans.	Atropine	47-55	secretin	Homo sapiens	136-144
3362847-8	1988	Since the inhibitory effect of atropine on the secretin-stimulated bicarbonate output was statistically significant, the major inhibitory effect of atropine on the potentiation of pancreatic bicarbonate secretion appears to be its effect on the action of secretin.	Atropine	31-39	secretin	Homo sapiens	47-55
2827420-5	1987	The ACTH response to hypoglycaemia did not change after pirenzepine administration, whereas it was significantly increased by atropine and decreased by trimethaphan treatment.	Atropine	126-134	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	4-8
2835562-4	1988	These peptide-induced changes were completely inhibited by a previous VTA injection of atropine (1 microgram), at a dose that totally blocked the alpha-MSH-induced excessive grooming and motor activation.	Atropine	87-95	proopiomelanocortin	Rattus norvegicus	146-155
2892415-5	1987	Atropine partially inhibited the gastrin response (34 +/- 6%) but had no effect on the somatostatin response.	Atropine	0-8	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	33-40
3450532-1	1987	The effect of the muscarine-like acting parasympathomimetic drug oxotremorine and its antagonist atropine on PTH release was tested using single cell suspensions obtained from a) primary parathyroid adenomas, and b) secondary hyperplastic parathyroid tissue from patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis.	Atropine	97-105	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	109-112
3450532-3	1987	The suppressive activity could be antagonized with atropine, suggesting that parasympathomimetic nerval impulses play a suppressive role in the regulation of PTH release.	Atropine	51-59	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	158-161
2446889-1	1987	Galanin (GAL) produced a concentration (0.3-100 nM)-related inhibition of the atropine-sensitive component of the contractions induced by field stimulation of detrusor strips from the dome of the human urinary bladder.	Atropine	78-86	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-7
2450037-1	1987	Contraction of longitudinal muscle strips of the guinea-pig ileum induced by the selective NK3 receptor agonist, succ-[Asp6,MePhe8]SP-(6-11) (senktide), were completely inhibited by tetrodotoxin and partially blocked by atropine.	Atropine	220-228	neuromedin-K receptor	Cavia porcellus	91-103
2446889-1	1987	Galanin (GAL) produced a concentration (0.3-100 nM)-related inhibition of the atropine-sensitive component of the contractions induced by field stimulation of detrusor strips from the dome of the human urinary bladder.	Atropine	78-86	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	9-12
2446889-3	1987	The effect of GAL was prevented by atropine (1 microM) and was not seen when the strips were stimulated with a cholinomimetic or KCl.	Atropine	35-43	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	14-17
2446506-4	1987	Using isolated perfused pig antrum with intact vagal innervation, we found concomitant, atropine-resistant release of GRP and gastrin during electrical stimulation of the vagal nerves.	Atropine	88-96	gastrin	Sus scrofa	126-133
2446509-4	1987	Pretreatment of acini with atropine blocked the pHi rise induced by carbachol; addition of atropine 2 min after the carbachol did not reverse the alkalinization.	Atropine	27-35	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	48-51
3678742-10	1987	Atropine reduced baseline IgA secretion by one-half.	Atropine	0-8	CD79a molecule	Homo sapiens	26-29
3661713-7	1987	The inhibition of the longitudinal muscle by [Gln4]neurotensin was not reduced by any of the above antagonists but was enhanced by atropine.	Atropine	131-139	neurotensin	Canis lupus familiaris	51-62
2889789-9	1987	Although atropine abolished the effect of acute hypoglycaemia on plasma CaBP, carbamylcholine was without effect on plasma CaBP concentration.	Atropine	9-17	S100 calcium binding protein G	Sus scrofa	72-76
2892879-0	1987	The effects of the antimuscarinic drugs pirenzepine and atropine on plasma portal levels of somatostatin and gastrin in the dog.	Atropine	56-64	somatostatin	Canis lupus familiaris	92-104
2892879-0	1987	The effects of the antimuscarinic drugs pirenzepine and atropine on plasma portal levels of somatostatin and gastrin in the dog.	Atropine	56-64	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	109-116
2892879-1	1987	The effects of the antimuscarinic drugs pirenzepine and atropine on somatostatin and gastrin portal levels under basal conditions and during bethanechol infusion have been investigated in anesthetized dogs.	Atropine	56-64	somatostatin	Canis lupus familiaris	68-80
2892879-1	1987	The effects of the antimuscarinic drugs pirenzepine and atropine on somatostatin and gastrin portal levels under basal conditions and during bethanechol infusion have been investigated in anesthetized dogs.	Atropine	56-64	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	85-92
2892879-2	1987	Iv bolus administration of pirenzepine (1 mg/kg) or atropine (0.1 mg/kg), decreased gastrin concentrations, but did not affect basal somatostatin levels.	Atropine	52-60	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	84-91
2892879-5	1987	Under the same conditions atropine (0.1 mg/kg iv bolus) decreased gastrin levels, but had little or no effect on somatostatin levels.	Atropine	26-34	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	66-73
2888314-20	1987	Furthermore, PYY inhibit pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion in the face of atropine, vagotomy, or indomethacin treatment.	Atropine	87-95	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	13-16
3435202-4	1987	The levels of ACh at stabilization of the postmortal decay were increased by atropine and DFP.	Atropine	77-85	acyl-CoA thioesterase 12	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
3435202-3	1987	Atropine, diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) and naphthylvinylpyridine (NVP) caused a reduction of the ACh levels evaluated before the beginning of the postmortal decay.	Atropine	0-8	acyl-CoA thioesterase 12	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
3622184-7	1987	After truncal vagotomy, atropine completely abolished the residual PP response.	Atropine	24-32	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	67-69
3622184-11	1987	The effect of atropine on postprandial PP release after truncal vagotomy may be due to interruption of short enteropancreatic reflexes, suppression of the intrinsic cholinergic activity of the pancreas, or inhibition of hormonally induced PP release.	Atropine	14-22	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	39-41
3509961-5	1987	Atropine (10(-6) M) increased CCK output about 100%.	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	30-33
3433015-6	1987	Atropine at 7 micrograms/kg significantly suppressed gastric volume, acid, and SLI outputs stimulated by sham feeding; however, responses to pentagastrin stimulation remained unchanged.	Atropine	0-8	SHC adaptor protein 2	Homo sapiens	79-82
3627569-4	1987	In the presence of atropine the resting membrane potential (-51 +/- 2 mV) of infraorbital vascular smooth muscle cells was not changed by activation of nerves, nor by exogenously applied vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP).	Atropine	19-27	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	222-225
3618779-1	1987	Field stimulation of intrinsic nerves (40 V, 0.5 ms, 1-5 pps for 3-10 min) or intraarterial administration of motilin (10(-11)-10(-8 mol) caused contractions of the canine small intestine that were partially resistant to atropine and abolished by tetrodotoxin.	Atropine	221-229	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	110-117
3596169-7	1987	In tissue culture, bombesin significantly stimulated gastrin and gastrin-G secretion at doses of 10(-8) and 3 X 10(-8) M. Atropine (10(-6) M) abolished the actions of carbachol to stimulate gastrin and gastrin-G secretion but had no effect on bombesin-stimulated gastrin and gastrin-G secretion.	Atropine	122-130	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	53-60
3653568-4	1987	FBS-AChE, at a lower enzyme OP ratio, protected mice from 2 LD50s of the nerve agent methylphosphonofluoridic acid 1,2,2,-trimethylpropyl ester (soman) when used in conjunction with atropine and 2[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-1-methylpyridinium chloride.	Atropine	182-190	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	4-8
2443476-3	1987	SP-induced contraction is blocked completely by atropine and augmented by neostigmine.	Atropine	48-56	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	0-2
3630736-2	1987	Exogenous VIP inhibited the methoxamine-evoked contractures in the atropine-blocked preparations with a lower potency in the inner, circular (pD2 = 6.4 +/- 0.5, n = 6) than in the outer, longitudinal layer (pD2 = 7.7 +/- 0.1, n = 6).	Atropine	67-75	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
3621985-7	1987	Systemic pretreatment with the cholinergic antagonist atropine blocked the VIP-induced elevation in IOP.	Atropine	54-62	VIP peptides	Oryctolagus cuniculus	75-78
3475146-4	1987	Plasma protein extravasation induced by SP (66 pmol) was significantly reduced (63%; P less than 0.001) by atropine (a muscarinic inhibitor) while that induced by NKA or NKB was unaffected by the inhibitor suggesting that a cholinergic component might only be involved in the vascular permeability elicited by SP.	Atropine	107-115	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	40-42
3475146-4	1987	Plasma protein extravasation induced by SP (66 pmol) was significantly reduced (63%; P less than 0.001) by atropine (a muscarinic inhibitor) while that induced by NKA or NKB was unaffected by the inhibitor suggesting that a cholinergic component might only be involved in the vascular permeability elicited by SP.	Atropine	107-115	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	310-312
3656779-2	1987	The parameters (Ki, nH) of HSR-902 obtained from competition experiments in cerebral cortex and heart muscarinic receptors showed that HSR-902 was an atropine-type, nonselective muscarinic antagonist.	Atropine	150-158	HSR	Homo sapiens	135-138
3622928-6	1987	In some rats, the injection of VIP alone elicited a secretory response which was blocked by atropine, suggesting that the response to VIP was mediated cholinergically.	Atropine	92-100	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
3622928-6	1987	In some rats, the injection of VIP alone elicited a secretory response which was blocked by atropine, suggesting that the response to VIP was mediated cholinergically.	Atropine	92-100	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
3622928-9	1987	The response to adrenergic agonists in combination with VIP was reduced by atropine and by phentolamine plus propranolol, but was blocked completely only by a combination of the three antagonists, indicating that both adrenergic and cholinergic mechanisms were involved.	Atropine	75-83	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
3653040-5	1987	Atropine reduced the salivary secretion evoked by AcCho and VIP, and the blood flow change evoked by AcCho.	Atropine	0-8	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
3653040-8	1987	The results indicate that VIP has a significant vasodilatory action and cooperates with AcCho in the regulation of salivary secretion in the rat, and VIP effects are atropine resistant, as in other species of animals.	Atropine	166-174	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	150-153
3656779-3	1987	The affinity of HSR-902 toward the stomach and ileal muscarinic receptors was about 3-4 times more potent than atropine.	Atropine	111-119	HSR	Homo sapiens	16-19
3607429-1	1987	We sought to determine whether the increase in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) elicited within the cerebral cortex (CX) by electrical stimulation of the fastigial nucleus (FN) of the cerebellum is: prevented by local application of the muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist, atropine and temporally correlated with a stimulus-locked release of acetylcholine (ACh) from the cortical surface.	Atropine	284-292	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	77-81
3037420-5	1987	However, in the presence of the cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine, the responses to these stimuli were greatly enhanced and this could be blocked by atropine.	Atropine	154-162	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	32-46
3607429-7	1987	Local application of atropine (ATR, 100 microM) to the right PCX via the superfusion device did not affect resting rCBF.	Atropine	21-29	pyruvate carboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
3607429-7	1987	Local application of atropine (ATR, 100 microM) to the right PCX via the superfusion device did not affect resting rCBF.	Atropine	31-34	pyruvate carboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
3614557-5	1987	Atropine reduced vagally stimulated gastrin levels substantially.	Atropine	0-8	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	36-43
3590223-2	1987	Treatment with DAM alone or in conjunction with atropine at the time of severe toxicity (within 1 h) significantly (P less than 0.01) reversed fenitrothion-induced hypothermia and AChE inhibition.	Atropine	48-56	acetylcholinesterase	Bubalus bubalis	180-184
3658812-6	1987	However, exposure to the muscarinic blocking agent atropine (10(-7) g/ml) totally inhibited the dilator response to PTH-(1-34).	Atropine	51-59	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	116-119
3630387-1	1987	Pharmacological division of the snail cholinoreceptors population of the identified neurone RPa4 by cholinoblockators of muscarine (atropine, platyphylline) and nicotine (d-tubocurarine) receptors allowed to reveal differences in the dynamics of reversible reduction of sensitivity of these receptors during their habituation to repeated iontophoretic acetylcholine applications.	Atropine	132-140	replication protein A4	Homo sapiens	92-96
3596152-3	1987	Atropine 10(-6) M, which abolished the effects of cholinergic agent to stimulate gastrin secretion, blocked the 5-HT-stimulated gastrin and gastrin-G secretion.	Atropine	0-8	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	81-88
3596152-3	1987	Atropine 10(-6) M, which abolished the effects of cholinergic agent to stimulate gastrin secretion, blocked the 5-HT-stimulated gastrin and gastrin-G secretion.	Atropine	0-8	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	128-135
3596152-3	1987	Atropine 10(-6) M, which abolished the effects of cholinergic agent to stimulate gastrin secretion, blocked the 5-HT-stimulated gastrin and gastrin-G secretion.	Atropine	0-8	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	128-135
2881948-2	1987	When atropine was infused, both insulin and glucagon responses to vagal stimulation were partially suppressed, whereas somatostatin release was enhanced.	Atropine	5-13	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	119-131
3031661-2	1987	This inhibitory effect was unaffected by hexamethonium but was abolished by atropine and tetrodotoxin, suggesting that neuropeptide Y is acting via postganglionic cholinergic neurons.	Atropine	76-84	pro-neuropeptide Y	Cavia porcellus	119-133
3107760-3	1987	The antimuscarinic drug atropine as well as the ganglionic blocking agent mecamylamine injected also ICV prevented the salivation induced by ICV TRH.	Atropine	24-32	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Felis catus	145-148
2436732-3	1987	Furthermore, the contractile response to nicotine (10(-5) M) in the presence of atropine (10(-7) M) was abolished by a substance P antagonist, [D-Arg1, D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9 Leu11]substance P (10(-5) M).	Atropine	80-88	arginase-1	Cavia porcellus	146-150
2885900-6	1987	There were great differences between the effects of atropine and somatostatin on the hormonal responses to bombesin.	Atropine	52-60	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	107-115
2885900-7	1987	Atropine slightly increased the response of gastrin by 19% and that of cholecystokinin by 15%, but strongly inhibited the bombesin-stimulated pancreatic polypeptide secretion by 97%.	Atropine	0-8	gastrin	Homo sapiens	44-51
2885900-7	1987	Atropine slightly increased the response of gastrin by 19% and that of cholecystokinin by 15%, but strongly inhibited the bombesin-stimulated pancreatic polypeptide secretion by 97%.	Atropine	0-8	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	122-130
2437874-2	1987	It also responded to exogenous substance P by an atropine-insensitive mechanism.	Atropine	49-57	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	31-42
3301456-0	1987	Effect of atropine on insulin secretion in healthy subjects.	Atropine	10-18	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
3301456-1	1987	The effect of an anti-cholinergic drug (atropine) on insulin secretion was studied in a double-blind manner by the glucagon C-peptide secretion test in five healthy subjects and controlled with saline only (placebo) in four subjects.	Atropine	40-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
3803143-4	1987	The total CCK released above baseline was greatest with the infusion of amino acids with atropine, while the total trypsin output above baseline was greatest with the infusion of amino acids.	Atropine	89-97	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	10-13
3033701-16	1987	Analgesia produced by GABA-transaminase inhibitors is similar to that produced by GABAA agonists because it can be blocked by atropine, but it is potentiated by haloperidol while THIP analgesia is not.	Atropine	126-134	4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	22-39
2438581-0	1987	Muscarinic M1 receptors in the lateral septal area mediate cardiovascular responses to cholinergic agonists and bradykinin: supersensitivity induced by chronic treatment with atropine.	Atropine	175-183	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	112-122
3575243-0	1987	Placental and blood-CSF transfer of intramuscularly administered atropine in the same person.	Atropine	65-73	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	20-23
3575243-1	1987	Both placental and blood-CSF transfer of atropine (0.01 mg/kg intramuscularly) was measured (by RIA) in 11 parturients undergoing Caesarean section under spinal analgesia.	Atropine	41-49	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	25-28
3308590-1	1987	The secretion of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) seems to be controlled by vagal cholinergic mechanisms, since both vagotomy and atropine significantly inhibit the PP response to food intake, sham feeding or insulin hypoglycaemia.	Atropine	125-133	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	17-39
3308590-1	1987	The secretion of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) seems to be controlled by vagal cholinergic mechanisms, since both vagotomy and atropine significantly inhibit the PP response to food intake, sham feeding or insulin hypoglycaemia.	Atropine	125-133	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	41-43
3308590-1	1987	The secretion of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) seems to be controlled by vagal cholinergic mechanisms, since both vagotomy and atropine significantly inhibit the PP response to food intake, sham feeding or insulin hypoglycaemia.	Atropine	125-133	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	160-162
3691621-1	1987	We have studied the effects of the selective muscarinic M1-receptor antagonist pirenzepine and the non-selective muscarinic antagonist atropine on bombesin- and peptone-stimulated gastrin release in healthy subjects.	Atropine	135-143	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	147-155
3691621-1	1987	We have studied the effects of the selective muscarinic M1-receptor antagonist pirenzepine and the non-selective muscarinic antagonist atropine on bombesin- and peptone-stimulated gastrin release in healthy subjects.	Atropine	135-143	gastrin	Homo sapiens	180-187
3557055-2	1987	Atropine (14-112 microM) induced a dose-related increase in the amplitude of contractions, the effect being potentiated by neostigmine (10 and 100 nM) or by increasing the rate of nerve stimulation and was accompanied by no change in the twitch evoked by retrograde injection of Ach.	Atropine	0-8	acyl-CoA thioesterase 12	Rattus norvegicus	279-282
2878856-3	1987	Four weeks of treatment evoked marked gastrin hypersecretion, which was atropine-resistant.	Atropine	72-80	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	38-45
3557055-5	1987	Atropine (28 and 56 microM) enhanced the evoked release of Ach, the effect being potentiated by increasing the rate of nerve stimulation.	Atropine	0-8	acyl-CoA thioesterase 12	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
3557056-1	1987	Selectivity of cis(-)-2,3-dihydro-3-(4-methylpiperazinylmethyl)-2-phenyl-1,5-b enzothiazepin-4 (5H)-one monohydrochloride (BTM-1086) and its butylbromide (BTM-1073) to subtypes of muscarinic receptor, M1-and M2-receptors were tested, using pirenzepine, a M1-selective antagonist and atropine, a nonselective antagonist as reference drugs.	Atropine	283-291	suppressor of cytokine signaling 2	Homo sapiens	15-23
20501187-3	1987	Local or systemic atropine sulphate blocked the carbachol-evoked increase in acetylcholinesterase release, whilst gallamine had no effect.	Atropine	18-35	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	77-97
2437546-9	1987	Local infusion of VIP, peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) and substance P all caused atropine-resistant vasodilation but no salivation.	Atropine	85-93	VIP peptides	Oryctolagus cuniculus	18-21
3107157-2	1987	Patients with a negative atropine test were characterized by a high production of hydrochloric acid, hypergastrinemia, an elevated secretion of gastrin with gastric juice, hyperplasia of G- and EcI-cells.	Atropine	25-33	gastrin	Homo sapiens	106-113
3538897-9	1986	Both the increase in serum insulin concentration and the increase in IBF caused by D-glucose could be abolished by vagotomy or administration of atropine.	Atropine	145-153	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
3789142-6	1986	Atropine administered intravenously abolished the cyclic increases in both plasma motilin concentration and pancreatic secretion.	Atropine	0-8	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	82-89
3803137-4	1986	Truncal vagotomy, celiac ganglionectomy, and atropine reduced the early release of CCK, which occurred before the start of gastric emptying, suggesting that a neural, cholinergic mechanism may release CCK immediately after a meal.	Atropine	45-53	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	83-86
3803137-4	1986	Truncal vagotomy, celiac ganglionectomy, and atropine reduced the early release of CCK, which occurred before the start of gastric emptying, suggesting that a neural, cholinergic mechanism may release CCK immediately after a meal.	Atropine	45-53	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	201-204
2883064-3	1986	These basal levels of IR-VIP were decreased by atropine, but not by hexamethonium.	Atropine	47-55	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	25-28
3029132-1	1986	VIP-induced inhibitory responses of the guinea-pig tracheal pouch, an in vivo preparation designed to demonstrate non-noradrenergic non-cholinergic innervation, where determined in chloraloseurethane anaesthetized animals under control conditions, or pretreated with atropine, propranolol, both atropine and propranolol or atropine-propranolol with indomethacin.	Atropine	267-275	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	0-3
3029132-1	1986	VIP-induced inhibitory responses of the guinea-pig tracheal pouch, an in vivo preparation designed to demonstrate non-noradrenergic non-cholinergic innervation, where determined in chloraloseurethane anaesthetized animals under control conditions, or pretreated with atropine, propranolol, both atropine and propranolol or atropine-propranolol with indomethacin.	Atropine	295-303	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	0-3
3029132-4	1986	The group that received atropine alone and the combination of atropine and propranolol showed the least relaxation to VIP.	Atropine	24-32	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	118-121
3029132-4	1986	The group that received atropine alone and the combination of atropine and propranolol showed the least relaxation to VIP.	Atropine	62-70	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	118-121
3538020-7	1986	administration) with the ganglionic and muscarinic blocking agents chlorisondamine (5 mg/kg of body weight) and atropine (1 mg/kg) blocked the increase in levels of proenkephalin A mRNA seen in the rat adrenal medulla following insulin hypoglycemia.	Atropine	112-120	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	165-180
2431245-6	1986	Neurokinin B also has activity on smooth muscle receptors since the contractile response could not be completely antagonized by atropine.	Atropine	128-136	tachykinin-3	Cavia porcellus	0-12
2888697-0	1987	Effect of atropine and somatostatin on bombesin-stimulated plasma immunoreactive trypsin release in man.	Atropine	10-18	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	39-47
2888697-1	1987	This study was undertaken to determine the effect of atropine and somatostatin, two inhibitors of intraduodenal pancreatic enzyme secretion, on bombesin-stimulated release of plasma immunoreactive trypsin in 6 healthy volunteers.	Atropine	53-61	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	144-152
3569746-2	1986	Gastrin secretion was significantly stimulated by exogenous bombesin at a dose of 10(-8) M. Atropine 10(-6) M, which abolished the action of the cholinergic agent carbachol to stimulate gastrin secretion, had no effect on bombesin-stimulated gastrin secretion.	Atropine	92-100	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
3569746-2	1986	Gastrin secretion was significantly stimulated by exogenous bombesin at a dose of 10(-8) M. Atropine 10(-6) M, which abolished the action of the cholinergic agent carbachol to stimulate gastrin secretion, had no effect on bombesin-stimulated gastrin secretion.	Atropine	92-100	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	186-193
3569746-2	1986	Gastrin secretion was significantly stimulated by exogenous bombesin at a dose of 10(-8) M. Atropine 10(-6) M, which abolished the action of the cholinergic agent carbachol to stimulate gastrin secretion, had no effect on bombesin-stimulated gastrin secretion.	Atropine	92-100	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	242-249
2437546-10	1987	The present data suggest that VIP and possibly PHI play a role in the atropine-resistant vasodilatation in rabbit submandibular gland elicited by parasympathetic nerve stimulation.	Atropine	70-78	VIP peptides	Oryctolagus cuniculus	30-33
3790023-4	1986	Additionally, atropine elevated (p less than 0.01) mean skin temperature (Tsk), and heart rate (HR) in all three environments relative to saline.	Atropine	14-22	tsukushi, small leucine rich proteoglycan	Homo sapiens	74-77
2877911-1	1986	Gastrin release was significantly stimulated by the cholinergic agent carbachol at doses of 10(-4) M, 10(-5) M, and 10(-6) M. Peak stimulation was observed at 10(-5) M. Gastrin release was also significantly stimulated by bombesin at a dose of 10(-8) M, and 10(-6) M atropine which abolished the effect of carbachol in stimulating gastrin release had no effect on the bombesin-stimulated gastrin release.	Atropine	267-275	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
2877911-1	1986	Gastrin release was significantly stimulated by the cholinergic agent carbachol at doses of 10(-4) M, 10(-5) M, and 10(-6) M. Peak stimulation was observed at 10(-5) M. Gastrin release was also significantly stimulated by bombesin at a dose of 10(-8) M, and 10(-6) M atropine which abolished the effect of carbachol in stimulating gastrin release had no effect on the bombesin-stimulated gastrin release.	Atropine	267-275	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	169-176
3096857-0	1986	Inhibitory effect of antimuscarinic cholinergic drug (atropine) on growth hormone (GH) secretion induced by GH-releasing factor.	Atropine	54-62	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	67-81
3096857-0	1986	Inhibitory effect of antimuscarinic cholinergic drug (atropine) on growth hormone (GH) secretion induced by GH-releasing factor.	Atropine	54-62	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	83-85
3794328-5	1986	Ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium and atropine produced equivalent decreases in arterial pressure and increases in plasma vasopressin concentration in the two groups of rats.	Atropine	43-51	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	127-138
3560583-8	1986	After atropine injection, synthetic motilin stimulated gastric muscle.	Atropine	6-14	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	36-43
3535012-5	1986	Enhancement of PP and CCK secretion was almost completely abolished by pretreatment with 1 mg atropine.	Atropine	94-102	familial progressive hyperpigmentation 1	Homo sapiens	15-17
3026562-0	1986	Increased corticotropin-releasing factor receptors in rat cerebral cortex following chronic atropine treatment.	Atropine	92-100	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	10-40
3544336-5	1986	Atropine diminished the cisapride-induced hPP elevation, thereby suggesting that cisapride induced release of acetylcholine but had no antidopaminergic action.	Atropine	0-8	familial progressive hyperpigmentation 1	Homo sapiens	42-45
3535012-5	1986	Enhancement of PP and CCK secretion was almost completely abolished by pretreatment with 1 mg atropine.	Atropine	94-102	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	22-25
3024879-10	1986	These results suggest that atropine blockade of GHRH-induced GH secretion is highly specific, and constitutes an indication of the importance of cholinergic control of GH function.	Atropine	27-35	growth hormone releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	48-52
3792443-3	1986	The contractile activity was effectively antagonized by vascular perfusion with either tetrodotoxin (100 ng/ml) or atropine (40 ng/ml), indicating that the primary site of action of motilin was on cholinergic neural elements of the enteric nervous system.	Atropine	115-123	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	182-189
3546047-1	1986	The effect of cholinomimetic stimulation by infusion of edrophonium chloride or muscarinic blockade by infusion of atropine sulfate on insulin and GIP secretion was studied in normal lean subjects during eu- and hyperglycemia.	Atropine	115-131	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
2877020-9	1986	The effect of vagus nerve stimulation on insulin and PP secretion was augmented by physostigmine, and inhibited (but not abolished) by atropine at 10(-7)-10(-6) M. The effect on glucagon secretion was inhibited by physostigmine and unaffected by atropine.	Atropine	246-254	insulin	Sus scrofa	41-48
3546047-1	1986	The effect of cholinomimetic stimulation by infusion of edrophonium chloride or muscarinic blockade by infusion of atropine sulfate on insulin and GIP secretion was studied in normal lean subjects during eu- and hyperglycemia.	Atropine	115-131	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	147-150
3546047-4	1986	The effect of atropine infusion on fasting plasma insulin and GIP was subsequently studied in 11 obese patients and 10 lean subjects.	Atropine	14-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
3546047-4	1986	The effect of atropine infusion on fasting plasma insulin and GIP was subsequently studied in 11 obese patients and 10 lean subjects.	Atropine	14-22	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	62-65
3546047-5	1986	Muscarinic antagonism by atropine led to a transient non-significant suppression of GIP and insulin in lean subjects, but to a significant, sustained suppression of these hormones in obese patients.	Atropine	25-33	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	84-87
3546047-5	1986	Muscarinic antagonism by atropine led to a transient non-significant suppression of GIP and insulin in lean subjects, but to a significant, sustained suppression of these hormones in obese patients.	Atropine	25-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	92-99
3546047-7	1986	A positive correlation was found between fasting plasma insulin and maximal suppression of insulin attained during the 30 min following administration of atropine.	Atropine	154-162	insulin	Homo sapiens	56-63
3546047-7	1986	A positive correlation was found between fasting plasma insulin and maximal suppression of insulin attained during the 30 min following administration of atropine.	Atropine	154-162	insulin	Homo sapiens	91-98
3755791-4	1986	Pretreatment with both atropine and pirenzepine abolished the increase of GH secretion, which suggests an important role of cholinergic mechanisms in the regulation of GH secretion.	Atropine	23-31	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	74-76
3755791-4	1986	Pretreatment with both atropine and pirenzepine abolished the increase of GH secretion, which suggests an important role of cholinergic mechanisms in the regulation of GH secretion.	Atropine	23-31	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	168-170
3538009-1	1986	The effect of atropine on insulin secretion stimulated by glucose administration in the duodenum was studied in chronic experiments on dogs prior to and following supradiaphragmatic vagotomy.	Atropine	14-22	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	26-33
2875603-4	1986	injections of alpha, beta-methylene ATP (mATP) induced colonic and rectal contractions which were resistant to atropine, hexamethonium and indomethacin, as well as to the nerve blocking agent tetrodotoxin.	Atropine	111-119	solute carrier family 45, member 2	Mus musculus	36-39
3090395-4	1986	The TRH response, unlike that of an equipotent dose of CAER, was prevented by atropine.	Atropine	78-86	TRH	Canis lupus familiaris	4-7
3090395-6	1986	The excitatory effects were prevented by atropine only in the case of TRH.	Atropine	41-49	TRH	Canis lupus familiaris	70-73
3024879-0	1986	Atropine selectively blocks GHRH-induced GH secretion without altering LH, FSH, TSH, PRL and ACTH/cortisol secretion elicited by their specific hypothalamic releasing factors.	Atropine	0-8	growth hormone releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	28-32
3024879-7	1986	The GHRH-induced GH secretory peak (17.8 +/- 3.0 ng/ml) was completely blocked by atropine administration (2.8 +/- 0.6 ng/ml) (P less than 0.05).	Atropine	82-90	growth hormone releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	4-8
2870952-7	1986	Pretreatment with atropine completely blocked the bile-stimulated VIP release and significantly inhibited the caerulein-stimulated release of VIP.	Atropine	18-26	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	66-69
3024869-5	1986	This study demonstrates that cholinergic blockade with atropine facilitates the ACTH and beta-endorphin responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia without altering the cortisol responses.	Atropine	55-63	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	80-84
3024869-5	1986	This study demonstrates that cholinergic blockade with atropine facilitates the ACTH and beta-endorphin responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia without altering the cortisol responses.	Atropine	55-63	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	89-103
3015695-2	1986	5"-GMP induced biphasic chronotropic and inotropic responses: positive those were inhibited with propranolol, the negative inotropic response could not be inhibited with atropine.	Atropine	170-178	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	3-6
2870952-7	1986	Pretreatment with atropine completely blocked the bile-stimulated VIP release and significantly inhibited the caerulein-stimulated release of VIP.	Atropine	18-26	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	142-145
3706528-4	1986	Atropine pretreatment caused nonsignificant reduction in the response to the lowest dose but had no effect on the responses to the other doses, with the response to the highest dose of CCK being 473 +/- 82 mg/15 min.	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	185-188
3738764-6	1986	5-HT tachyphylaxis abolished the motility response to motilin; prior treatment with atropine abolished, while tetrodotoxin inhibited the luminal release of 5-HT.	Atropine	84-92	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	54-61
3732964-5	1986	The bladder contractions induced by acetylcholine (ACh) and AHR-602 were markedly inhibited by oxybutynin and atropine.	Atropine	110-118	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	60-63
3010745-2	1986	Uremia was induced in rats by bilateral nephrectomy for 48 h. In rats with chronic intra-arterial and intravenous catheters, cardiovascular reflexes and the renin-angiotensin system were blocked with atropine, pentolinium, and a converting-enzyme inhibitor, respectively.	Atropine	200-208	renin	Rattus norvegicus	157-162
3774587-3	1986	The perfusion pressure-lowering effect on NT was potentiated and inhibited by neostigmine and atropine, respectively.	Atropine	94-102	neurotensin/neuromedin N	Cavia porcellus	42-44
3733273-4	1986	A biexponential serum decay curve of atropine was demonstrated by RIA with a very rapid distribution phase (t1/2 = 1-2 min) and a quite high tissue distribution (mean Vd beta = 2.6 l/kg), but due to the effective clearance of the drug (mean Cl total = 0.310-0.384 l/kg/h) the mean elimination phase half-life was around 6.5 hours.	Atropine	37-45	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	170-178
2871138-6	1986	Evidence described here indicates that this agent was primarily adenosine (or a closely related compound): the atropine-resistant myocyte inhibition was antagonized by adenosine-receptor blockers [8-phenyltheophylline, theophylline, 7-(2-chloroethyl) theophylline] and was attenuated by an enzyme (adenosine deaminase) that hydrolyzes adenosine to pharmacologically inactive inosine.	Atropine	111-119	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	298-317
3010692-8	1986	The CD-25 with propranolol decreased after atropine (39 +/- 8 versus 25 +/- 5 micrograms) and was due to diminished plasma propranolol concentrations as the drug sensitivity (measured by Ka) was unchanged before (12 +/- 2 ml/ng) and after (10 +/- 3 ml/ng) atropine.	Atropine	43-51	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	4-9
3010692-8	1986	The CD-25 with propranolol decreased after atropine (39 +/- 8 versus 25 +/- 5 micrograms) and was due to diminished plasma propranolol concentrations as the drug sensitivity (measured by Ka) was unchanged before (12 +/- 2 ml/ng) and after (10 +/- 3 ml/ng) atropine.	Atropine	256-264	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	4-9
2870025-3	1986	These contractions were inhibited by atropine but not by hexamethonium and were prevented by inhibitors of phospholipase A2 or cyclooxygenase but not by inhibitors of prostacyclin synthetase, thromboxane synthetase, or leukotriene synthetase.	Atropine	37-45	phospholipase A2 group IB	Rattus norvegicus	107-123
3957880-3	1986	More patients receiving atropine showed post-ECT confusion, but the clinical impact of this was minimal.	Atropine	24-32	ECT	Homo sapiens	45-48
3957880-4	1986	Atropine appears to be preferable to glycopyrrolate for use in ECT preanesthesia.	Atropine	0-8	ECT	Homo sapiens	63-66
3960399-4	1986	Atropine treatment increased the number of muscarinic receptors from 100 +/- 10 fmol/mg protein to 145 +/- 20 fmol/mg protein, decreased the cholinesterase activity from 3.5 +/- 2.0 U/mg protein to 1.0 +/- 0.5 U/mg protein and increased the choline acetyltransferase activity from 0.25 +/- 0.13 pmol [3H]acetylcholine synthesized/min X mg protein to 1.80 +/- 0.59 pmol [3H]acetylcholine synthesized/min X mg protein.	Atropine	0-8	butyrylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	141-155
3712869-2	1986	APP caused a dose-dependent inhibition of an atropine-resistant vasodilatation induced by chorda-lingual and pelvic nerve stimulation and by VIP.	Atropine	45-53	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	141-144
3960399-4	1986	Atropine treatment increased the number of muscarinic receptors from 100 +/- 10 fmol/mg protein to 145 +/- 20 fmol/mg protein, decreased the cholinesterase activity from 3.5 +/- 2.0 U/mg protein to 1.0 +/- 0.5 U/mg protein and increased the choline acetyltransferase activity from 0.25 +/- 0.13 pmol [3H]acetylcholine synthesized/min X mg protein to 1.80 +/- 0.59 pmol [3H]acetylcholine synthesized/min X mg protein.	Atropine	0-8	choline acetyltransferase	Mus musculus	241-266
3953805-9	1986	Intraduodenal perfusion of lidocaine, infusion of tetrodotoxin into the superior mesenteric artery, or intravenous infusion of atropine inhibited the rise in plasma cholecystokinin seen with diversion of pancreaticobiliary juice.	Atropine	127-135	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	165-180
2869692-6	1986	Atropine pretreatment (n = 6) inhibited partially both the PP response (delta = +7.9 +/- 3.8 ng/min after atropine) and the pancreatic SLI response (delta = +92 +/- 29 fmol/min) to vagal nerve stimulation.	Atropine	0-8	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	59-61
3940912-5	1986	The observation of the persistent inhibitory action of atropine after extrinsic denervation of the pancreas is compatible with the hypothesis that endogenous cholinergic activity augments the pancreatic bicarbonate response to secretin.	Atropine	55-63	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	227-235
3013108-5	1986	Inhibition of clonidine-induced increase in plasma cyclic GMP by yohimbine, hexamethonium and atropine, but not by prazosin suggests that the effect of clonidine is mediated by the central alpha 2-adrenoceptors, activating the muscarinic receptor-linked guanylate cyclase through the stimulation of vagal activity.	Atropine	94-102	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Mus musculus	58-61
2420152-6	1986	Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that both VIP and SP contribute to the atropine-resistant parotid secretion, and that they have a complementary role in the rat parotid exocrine function.	Atropine	86-94	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
3015580-6	1986	The mean peak GH with exercise 13.4 +/- 3.27 ng/ml, was reduced to 2.4 +/- 1.28 ng/ml (p less than 0.01) after atropine, but was unaffected by methysergide (15.2 +/- 6.58 ng/ml, p greater than 0.5).	Atropine	111-119	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	14-16
2869642-7	1986	The vagally induced intraluminal release of somatostatin occurring in aspirin-treated animals was abolished by a low dose of atropine (0.05 mg kg-1) or by a simultaneous infusion of prostaglandin E1 (30 micrograms kg-1 h-1).	Atropine	125-133	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	44-56
3940912-0	1986	Action of atropine on the pancreatic secretory response to secretin before and after cutting the extrinsic nerves of the pancreas in dogs.	Atropine	10-18	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	59-67
3940912-1	1986	In two sets of dogs with gastric and pancreatic fistulas, we studied the effect of atropine on the pancreatic secretory response to intravenous secretin before and after cutting the extrinsic nerves of the pancreas, i.e., celiac and superior mesenteric ganglionectomy alone or truncal vagotomy plus celiac and superior mesenteric ganglionectomy.	Atropine	83-91	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	144-152
3940912-3	1986	Irrespective of the degree of integrity of the extrinsic vagal and splanchnic innervation of the pancreas, intravenous atropine (14 nmol/kg X h) significantly (p less than 0.05) depressed the incremental bicarbonate responses to the two lowest (5.2 and 10.3 pmol/kg X h) doses of secretin by 85% and 61%, respectively, but had no significant effect on responses to high doses.	Atropine	119-127	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	280-288
3079600-0	1986	Atropine blockade of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone-induced GH secretion in man is not exerted at pituitary level.	Atropine	0-8	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	21-35
3720882-2	1986	Microiontophoretically (MIPh) applied angiotensin II (AII) excited the activity of all units in the region of the SFO and the effect of AII was blocked by MIPh applied saralasin (Sar), an AII antagonist, but not by atropine (Atr), a muscarinic antagonist.	Atropine	215-223	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	38-52
3720882-2	1986	Microiontophoretically (MIPh) applied angiotensin II (AII) excited the activity of all units in the region of the SFO and the effect of AII was blocked by MIPh applied saralasin (Sar), an AII antagonist, but not by atropine (Atr), a muscarinic antagonist.	Atropine	215-223	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
3720882-2	1986	Microiontophoretically (MIPh) applied angiotensin II (AII) excited the activity of all units in the region of the SFO and the effect of AII was blocked by MIPh applied saralasin (Sar), an AII antagonist, but not by atropine (Atr), a muscarinic antagonist.	Atropine	215-223	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	136-139
3720882-2	1986	Microiontophoretically (MIPh) applied angiotensin II (AII) excited the activity of all units in the region of the SFO and the effect of AII was blocked by MIPh applied saralasin (Sar), an AII antagonist, but not by atropine (Atr), a muscarinic antagonist.	Atropine	215-223	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	136-139
3720882-2	1986	Microiontophoretically (MIPh) applied angiotensin II (AII) excited the activity of all units in the region of the SFO and the effect of AII was blocked by MIPh applied saralasin (Sar), an AII antagonist, but not by atropine (Atr), a muscarinic antagonist.	Atropine	225-228	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	38-52
3720882-2	1986	Microiontophoretically (MIPh) applied angiotensin II (AII) excited the activity of all units in the region of the SFO and the effect of AII was blocked by MIPh applied saralasin (Sar), an AII antagonist, but not by atropine (Atr), a muscarinic antagonist.	Atropine	225-228	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
3720882-2	1986	Microiontophoretically (MIPh) applied angiotensin II (AII) excited the activity of all units in the region of the SFO and the effect of AII was blocked by MIPh applied saralasin (Sar), an AII antagonist, but not by atropine (Atr), a muscarinic antagonist.	Atropine	225-228	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	136-139
3720882-2	1986	Microiontophoretically (MIPh) applied angiotensin II (AII) excited the activity of all units in the region of the SFO and the effect of AII was blocked by MIPh applied saralasin (Sar), an AII antagonist, but not by atropine (Atr), a muscarinic antagonist.	Atropine	225-228	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	136-139
3079600-8	1986	Similar results were obtained with Ach, 10(-5) M, and GHRH, 10(-9) M. Atropine or eserine alone did not alter basal GH secretion, and atropine blocked Ach-stimulating activity.	Atropine	134-142	growth hormone releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	54-58
3079600-8	1986	Similar results were obtained with Ach, 10(-5) M, and GHRH, 10(-9) M. Atropine or eserine alone did not alter basal GH secretion, and atropine blocked Ach-stimulating activity.	Atropine	134-142	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	54-56
3079600-9	1986	In conclusion, atropine blockade of GHRH-induced GH secretion appears to be exerted at a site other than pituitary.	Atropine	15-23	growth hormone releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	36-40
3079600-0	1986	Atropine blockade of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone-induced GH secretion in man is not exerted at pituitary level.	Atropine	0-8	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	37-39
3079600-9	1986	In conclusion, atropine blockade of GHRH-induced GH secretion appears to be exerted at a site other than pituitary.	Atropine	15-23	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	36-38
3079600-0	1986	Atropine blockade of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone-induced GH secretion in man is not exerted at pituitary level.	Atropine	0-8	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	67-69
3079600-1	1986	The role of acetylcholine (Ach) in the regulation of human GH secretion was assessed using atropine, which selectively blocks cholinergic muscarinic receptors.	Atropine	91-99	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	59-61
3079600-3	1986	The GHRH 1-44-induced GH secretory peak [20.7 +/- 4.5 (SEM) ng/ml] was completely blocked by atropine administration (2.3 +/- 0.6 ng/ml) (P less than 0.01).	Atropine	93-101	growth hormone releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	4-8
3079600-3	1986	The GHRH 1-44-induced GH secretory peak [20.7 +/- 4.5 (SEM) ng/ml] was completely blocked by atropine administration (2.3 +/- 0.6 ng/ml) (P less than 0.01).	Atropine	93-101	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	4-6
3093909-3	1986	Both pirenzepine (0.6 mg/kg i.v., 5 min before GHRH) and atropine (1 mg i.m., 15 min before GHRH) blunted the GH response to GHRH (1 microgram/kg i.v.	Atropine	57-65	growth hormone releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	92-96
3093909-3	1986	Both pirenzepine (0.6 mg/kg i.v., 5 min before GHRH) and atropine (1 mg i.m., 15 min before GHRH) blunted the GH response to GHRH (1 microgram/kg i.v.	Atropine	57-65	growth hormone releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	92-96
3513444-3	1986	Atropine decreased slightly the insulin content in gastric juice, whereas histamine did not affect its concentration.	Atropine	0-8	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
2867688-8	1986	The facilitatory effects of mesencephalic reticular formation stimulation on VIP-LI release were demonstrated by atropine.	Atropine	113-121	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	77-80
2881348-7	1986	On day 24, plasma gastrin was elevated more than 10-fold in both groups of rats treated with omeprazole but not in animals given atropine alone.	Atropine	129-137	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	18-25
3830352-2	1985	Atropine, cimetidine, or proglumide antagonized the actions of cholinomimetics, histamine, and gastrin, respectively.	Atropine	0-8	gastrin	Mus musculus	95-102
2875206-3	1985	In Ca-free medium contraction evoked by CCK-OP (10(-8) M) was reduced to about 84%, which fitted well with the calculated reduction observed in the presence of atropine (10(-6) M).	Atropine	160-168	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	40-43
2867680-2	1985	At low basal PP levels, either atropine or pentobarbital had a small effect on PP levels; at higher basal levels, both atropine and pentobarbital had a larger effect.	Atropine	31-39	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	79-81
2867680-4	1985	Atropine abolished the PP response to intravenous 2-DG, confirming in our animal model that the PP response to neuroglucopenia is entirely cholinergically mediated.	Atropine	0-8	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	23-25
2867680-4	1985	Atropine abolished the PP response to intravenous 2-DG, confirming in our animal model that the PP response to neuroglucopenia is entirely cholinergically mediated.	Atropine	0-8	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	96-98
4051307-3	1985	Pretreatment with atropine abolished the distention-induced gastrin release, indicating that distention-induced gastrin release in the intact dog was partially under cholinergic control.	Atropine	18-26	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	60-67
4051307-3	1985	Pretreatment with atropine abolished the distention-induced gastrin release, indicating that distention-induced gastrin release in the intact dog was partially under cholinergic control.	Atropine	18-26	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	112-119
4018497-10	1985	The LES response to motilin was abolished by hexamethonium and significantly antagonized by atropine and 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide, but was not affected by pirenzepine, phentolamine, or naloxone.	Atropine	92-100	motilin	Homo sapiens	20-27
4080605-3	1985	The incidence and amplitude of bradycardia caused by NT were increased by neostigmine but reduced by atropine.	Atropine	101-109	neurotensin/neuromedin N	Cavia porcellus	53-55
4080605-4	1985	Neostigmine and atropine also tended to decrease and increase respectively, the tachycardia caused by NT.	Atropine	16-24	neurotensin/neuromedin N	Cavia porcellus	102-104
4070686-1	1985	Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) has been proposed as the neurotransmitter of the atropine-resistant relaxation of gastric structures in the lamb.	Atropine	89-97	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Ovis aries	0-33
4070686-1	1985	Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) has been proposed as the neurotransmitter of the atropine-resistant relaxation of gastric structures in the lamb.	Atropine	89-97	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Ovis aries	35-38
4035567-5	1985	We repeated the studies giving 300 micrograms/kg of atropine 20 minutes before administration of CCK-8.	Atropine	52-60	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	97-100
2862561-3	1985	This suppressive effect on somatostatin was eliminated in the presence of 10(-5)M atropine plus glucagon, while somatostatin release was significantly enhanced in the presence of atropine plus arginine.	Atropine	82-90	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	27-39
2862561-3	1985	This suppressive effect on somatostatin was eliminated in the presence of 10(-5)M atropine plus glucagon, while somatostatin release was significantly enhanced in the presence of atropine plus arginine.	Atropine	179-187	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	112-124
2880306-6	1986	In contrast, hexamethonium had no effect when applied to pituitary side, whereas atropine suppressed both basal and osmotically stimulated VP release.	Atropine	81-89	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	139-141
4093887-1	1985	Atropine inhibits the post-prandial gastrin release after truncal vagotomy in the dog.	Atropine	0-8	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	36-43
4093887-8	1985	Before truncal vagotomy, atropine enhanced the integrated plasma gastrin response by 2.6 times; after truncal vagotomy atropine suppressed this response by 2.3 times.	Atropine	25-33	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	65-72
4093887-11	1985	The finding that atropine suppresses the post-prandial plasma gastrin response to a meal after truncal vagotomy and coeliac and superior mesenteric ganglionectomy, i.e. cutting the extrinsic nerves of the stomach and the upper small intestine, suggests the existence of stimulatory cholinergic intrinsic fibres located within the stomach.	Atropine	17-25	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	62-69
3935944-7	1985	The hyperglycemic effects of TRH and acetylcholine were antagonized by previous treatment of the LH site with atropine, a cholinergic receptor antagonist.	Atropine	110-118	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
3935977-0	1985	Comparative effects of scopolamine and atropine in preventing cholinesterase inhibitor induced lethality.	Atropine	39-47	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	62-76
2868496-4	1985	A small dose of atropine (5 micrograms/kg) augmented plasma gastrin concentrations during sham feeding significantly (P less than 0.01), but did not affect plasma SLI.	Atropine	16-24	gastrin	Homo sapiens	60-67
2868496-6	1985	A larger dose of atropine (15 micrograms/kg intravenously) suppressed plasma gastrin concentrations significantly compared to the smaller 5 micrograms/kg atropine dose (P less than 0.02), so that plasma gastrin concentrations when 15 micrograms/kg atropine was given were not significantly different from those during the control study.	Atropine	17-25	gastrin	Homo sapiens	77-84
2868496-6	1985	A larger dose of atropine (15 micrograms/kg intravenously) suppressed plasma gastrin concentrations significantly compared to the smaller 5 micrograms/kg atropine dose (P less than 0.02), so that plasma gastrin concentrations when 15 micrograms/kg atropine was given were not significantly different from those during the control study.	Atropine	17-25	gastrin	Homo sapiens	203-210
2868496-8	1985	These studies indicate that small doses of atropine enhance vagally mediated gastrin release in humans, probably by blocking a cholinergic inhibitory pathway for gastrin release.	Atropine	43-51	gastrin	Homo sapiens	77-84
2868496-8	1985	These studies indicate that small doses of atropine enhance vagally mediated gastrin release in humans, probably by blocking a cholinergic inhibitory pathway for gastrin release.	Atropine	43-51	gastrin	Homo sapiens	162-169
2868496-10	1985	Our finding that the larger dose of atropine reduced serum gastrin concentrations compared with the smaller dose suggests that certain vagal-cholinergic pathways may facilitate gastrin release.	Atropine	36-44	gastrin	Homo sapiens	59-66
2868496-10	1985	Our finding that the larger dose of atropine reduced serum gastrin concentrations compared with the smaller dose suggests that certain vagal-cholinergic pathways may facilitate gastrin release.	Atropine	36-44	gastrin	Homo sapiens	177-184
2415197-2	1985	Acid secretion stimulated by McN-A 343 was not inhibited by tetrodotoxin pretreatment, although it was competitively antagonized by atropine (pKB 7.90), suggesting a muscarinic site of action between postganglionic neurones and the final secretory event.	Atropine	132-140	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 2	Mus musculus	142-145
2866004-2	1985	Using 5-methylfurmethide as the muscarinic agonist, the pKB estimated for atropine was significantly lower on the stomach assay (7.78) than on the guinea-pig trachea (8.93).	Atropine	74-82	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 2	Mus musculus	56-59
2866004-3	1985	However pKB values for N-methylatropine, the quaternary ammonium derivative of atropine, at concentrations producing dose-ratios above 20 on the stomach assay (pKB = 9.67), and over the full concentration range studied on the trachea (pKB = 9.69) were not significantly different.	Atropine	31-39	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 2	Mus musculus	8-11
3938842-4	1985	Both the gastric and cardiac effects of oxytocin were eliminated by the central injections of oxytocin antagonist dEt2Tyr(Et)Orn8Vasotocin (ETOV; 6 picomoles) or peripheral administration of atropine (300 micrograms/kg, IP).	Atropine	191-199	oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	40-48
3911366-3	1985	In this investigation we have attempted to study the vagal tone on the PP cells by correcting the basal PP concentrations to the insulin-stimulated (maximal) and atropine-suppressed (minimal) PP responses, to correct for the PP cell mass.	Atropine	162-170	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	71-73
4052763-2	1985	The activity of all identified SFO neurons was excited by microiontophoretically (MIPh) applied angiotensin II (AII) and the effect of AII was blocked by MIPh-applied saralasin (Sar), an AII antagonist, but not by atropine (Atr), a muscarinic antagonist.	Atropine	214-222	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	135-138
4052763-2	1985	The activity of all identified SFO neurons was excited by microiontophoretically (MIPh) applied angiotensin II (AII) and the effect of AII was blocked by MIPh-applied saralasin (Sar), an AII antagonist, but not by atropine (Atr), a muscarinic antagonist.	Atropine	214-222	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	135-138
4052763-2	1985	The activity of all identified SFO neurons was excited by microiontophoretically (MIPh) applied angiotensin II (AII) and the effect of AII was blocked by MIPh-applied saralasin (Sar), an AII antagonist, but not by atropine (Atr), a muscarinic antagonist.	Atropine	224-227	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	135-138
4052763-2	1985	The activity of all identified SFO neurons was excited by microiontophoretically (MIPh) applied angiotensin II (AII) and the effect of AII was blocked by MIPh-applied saralasin (Sar), an AII antagonist, but not by atropine (Atr), a muscarinic antagonist.	Atropine	224-227	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	135-138
2416236-7	1985	Atropine sulfate probably inhibits histamine release induced by tubocurarine through the mediation of intracellular cyclic GMP and atropine can be used as a premedicant in cases of general anaesthesia.	Atropine	0-16	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	123-126
2932194-8	1985	The relaxant action of synthetic ANF on the renal vessels was seen in the presence of ouabain (1 mM), propranolol (1 microM), phentolamine (1 microM), atropine (1 microM) and felodipine (1 nM).	Atropine	151-159	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
4028911-7	1985	This motilin increment during blockade was inhibited by atropine and by infusion of porcine PP.	Atropine	56-64	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	5-12
2868142-1	1985	The contractile response of the guinea-pig gallbladder to cholecystokinin (CCK) and acetylcholine (ACh) was irreversibly inhibited by 5 X 10(-5) M dibenamine, and the dibenamine-induced inhibition in the CCK response was prevented by 10(-4) M chlordiazepoxide (CDP) and diazepam (DZP), but not by 10(-2) M proglumide or 10(-6) M atropine.	Atropine	329-337	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	58-73
2868142-1	1985	The contractile response of the guinea-pig gallbladder to cholecystokinin (CCK) and acetylcholine (ACh) was irreversibly inhibited by 5 X 10(-5) M dibenamine, and the dibenamine-induced inhibition in the CCK response was prevented by 10(-4) M chlordiazepoxide (CDP) and diazepam (DZP), but not by 10(-2) M proglumide or 10(-6) M atropine.	Atropine	329-337	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	75-78
3909514-2	1985	Response of plasma GIP to intraduodenal instillation of glucose was slightly lower in a group which received atropine, than in a group of normal dogs.	Atropine	109-117	GIP	Canis lupus familiaris	19-22
2862095-5	1985	The plasma gastrin response to a meal was moderately enhanced by thymoxamine and markedly enhanced by atropine.	Atropine	102-110	gastrin	Homo sapiens	11-18
3929729-8	1985	Block between H1 and H2 was observed: "spontaneously" during electrophysiological investigation in 6 cases, after IV atropine in 1 case, during overdrive atrial pacing at rates slower than 150/min in 7 cases, after atrial extrastimulus with a functional intra-His refractory period of over 420 ms in 7 cases, after ajmaline in 3 of the 4 cases in which this test was performed.	Atropine	117-125	H1.5 linker histone, cluster member	Homo sapiens	14-23
2862095-6	1985	Postprandial insulin release was not affected by alpha- or beta-adrenergic blockade but was abolished by atropine.	Atropine	105-113	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
2862095-10	1985	These data suggest that (a) cholinergic but not adrenergic mechanisms are important modulators of plasma somatostatin release after orally ingested and intraduodenally infused nutrients (b) atropine abolishes plasma somatostatin release independently of its effects on gastric acidity and motility and (c) are consistent with the hypothesis that atropine potentiates postprandial gastrin release through reduction of somatostatin mediated inhibition.	Atropine	190-198	gastrin	Homo sapiens	380-387
3897518-6	1985	The rise in mean plasma insulin concentration was inhibited most effectively by combined treatment with propranolol, phentolamine and atropine, which was significantly more effective than administration of atropine to lambs with cut splanchnic nerves (P less than 0.01).	Atropine	134-142	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	24-31
2987408-7	1985	In the presence of the guanine nucleotide analogue 5"-guanylyl imidodiphosphate, a decrease in affinity of the mAChR of SCC for oxotremorine was observed, with an increase in the pseudo-Hill coefficient, but there was no change in the binding of atropine.	Atropine	246-254	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	120-123
3893805-3	1985	GH responses were significantly lower 45 min after insulin administration with atropine (17.5 +/- 2.5 mU/l (mean +/- SEM) than with placebo (37.6 +/- 3.6 mU/l, P less than 0.0006).	Atropine	79-87	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-2
3893805-3	1985	GH responses were significantly lower 45 min after insulin administration with atropine (17.5 +/- 2.5 mU/l (mean +/- SEM) than with placebo (37.6 +/- 3.6 mU/l, P less than 0.0006).	Atropine	79-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
3893805-4	1985	In contrast PRL responses were higher (P less than 0.01) at 45 and 90 min after insulin during treatment with atropine.	Atropine	110-118	insulin	Homo sapiens	80-87
2410425-4	1985	In the presence of atropine, morphine, guanethidine and 6-hydroxydopamine, the contraction produced by periarterial nerve stimulation was readily abolished by tetrodotoxin (1 microM), capsaicin (3.3 microM) and an SP-antagonist (SPA1, 10 microM).	Atropine	19-27	signal-induced proliferation-associated 1	Rattus norvegicus	229-233
4013785-0	1985	Atropine and naloxone block the colonic contraction elicited by cholecystokinin and pentagastrin.	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Felis catus	64-79
2579866-7	1985	Plasma levels of both CCK and gastrin were increased (p less than 0.01) during hypercalcemia, with and without precalcium administration of CCK; atropine significantly inhibited (p less than 0.05), but did not abolish the calcium-induced releases of both peptides.	Atropine	145-153	cholecystokinin	Felis catus	22-25
2579866-7	1985	Plasma levels of both CCK and gastrin were increased (p less than 0.01) during hypercalcemia, with and without precalcium administration of CCK; atropine significantly inhibited (p less than 0.05), but did not abolish the calcium-induced releases of both peptides.	Atropine	145-153	LOC105260099	Felis catus	30-37
3920110-4	1985	In the presence of atropine, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (10(-10) M) inhibited spontaneous contraction, particularly in longitudinal muscle.	Atropine	19-27	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Cavia porcellus	29-58
3987069-0	1985	Inhibition of physiological growth hormone secretion by atropine.	Atropine	56-64	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	28-42
2859093-5	1985	TRH-induced excitations were not abolished by the simultaneous application of atropine.	Atropine	78-86	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
3890140-0	1985	Effects of atropine on GIP-induced insulin and pancreatic polypeptide release in man.	Atropine	11-19	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	23-26
3883800-15	1985	This GIP-mediated insulin secretion was blocked by atropine (34.8 to 1.8 vs. 37.6 +/- 1.6 microU .	Atropine	51-59	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
3976887-3	1985	Atropine at 1 mumol/l diminished the protein secretion in response to infusion of GRP at a dose of 1 nmol/l to 45% of control.	Atropine	0-8	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	82-85
2858978-3	1985	The infusion of atropine sulfate at a concentration of 10(-5) M augmented GRP release and reversed the decrease in somatostatin release in response to vagal stimulation to an increase above basal levels.	Atropine	16-32	gastrin releasing peptide	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
3924793-10	1985	However, atropine and scopolamine potentiated the circling inducing action of TRH or DN-1417, in contrast with suppression of the licking behavior.	Atropine	9-17	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Mus musculus	78-81
2987726-1	1985	The grooming behavior induced by intracerebroventricular administration of ACTH was specifically antagonized by the muscarinic receptor antagonists, atropine and scopolamine.	Atropine	149-157	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	75-79
2578477-5	1985	Eserine, amantadine, nicotine, atropine, benzylamine, and propranolol inhibit cathepsin D in concentrations causing proteolytic inhibition in cell cultures or in concentrations believed to be attained in lysosomes.	Atropine	31-39	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	78-89
3840755-1	1985	The aim of this study was to compare the effects of atropine with those of placebo and pirenzepine on food-induced gastrin release, and gastric and acid secretion.	Atropine	52-60	gastrin	Homo sapiens	115-122
3973824-11	1985	Atropine completely prevented the inhibition of the TRACh induced by VIP.	Atropine	0-8	vasoactive intestinal polypeptide	Mus musculus	69-72
3881013-6	1985	Atropine significantly blunted the gallbladder response both to CCK and to CRL.	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	64-67
4084346-0	1985	Influence of atropine upon ageing and reactivation of soman inhibited acetylcholinesterase from human erythrocytes.	Atropine	13-21	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	70-90
4084346-7	1985	Reactivation of the non aged phosphonyl-AChE by several pyridinium oximes was enhanced by atropine with the ghost-bound enzyme; the reactivation of the phosphonylated solubilized enzyme, however, was not affected by atropine.	Atropine	90-98	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	40-44
3840755-5	1985	Unlike pirenzepine, atropine induced a significantly increase in serum gastrin in both healthy volunteers and duodenal ulcer patients.	Atropine	20-28	gastrin	Homo sapiens	71-78
6152403-2	1984	Cholinergic denervation, produced by fimbrial transections, elicits a 24% increase in atropine-displaceable [3H]QNB binding in whole coronal sections of the hippocampal formation, which is greatest in the dorsal subiculum, CA3 and dentate gyrus.	Atropine	86-94	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	223-226
4092617-2	1985	Phenoxybenzamine (1-6 mg/kg), diazepam (0.625 and 1.25 mg/kg) and pilocarpine (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) significantly decreased (or abolished) the occurrence of atropine and 2-PAM stressed-induced convulsions and/or lethality.	Atropine	153-161	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Mus musculus	168-171
2857528-4	1985	Both atropine and pirenzepine reversed these effects in a dose-dependent fashion with D50 values of 1 X 10(-9) and 1 X 10(-7) M, respectively, against gastrin stimulation and 1 X 10(-8) and 1 X 10(-7) M, respectively, against SLI inhibition.	Atropine	5-13	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	151-158
3921944-6	1985	TRH action on gastric mucosa was reversed by atropine, omeprazole and cimetidine.	Atropine	45-53	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
6517816-5	1984	Pre-acclimation, Msw was reduced (p less than 0.01) 65% (151 g X m-2 X h-1) with atropine, which resulted in higher (p less than 0.01) Tre (0.4 degrees C) and Tsk (2.8 degrees C).	Atropine	81-89	tsukushi, small leucine rich proteoglycan	Homo sapiens	159-162
6517816-6	1984	HR was increased 48% (53 b X min-1) by atropine pre-acclimation (p less than 0.01).	Atropine	39-47	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	29-34
6517816-7	1984	Post-acclimation, atropine reduced (p less than 0.01) Msw 33% (100 g X m-2 X h-1) and increased (p less than 0.01) HR 63% (62 b X min-1) compared to saline exposures.	Atropine	18-26	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	130-135
6517816-8	1984	The change in Tre X min-1 (delta Tre/delta t) was lower (p less than 0.05) in atropine-injected subjects following heat acclimation, and their worktime was improved by an average of 23.5 min (p = 0.08).	Atropine	78-86	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	20-25
6099814-2	1984	After hypoglycaemia, blood glucose recovery was impaired only in the tetraplegic group given atropine in whom ACTH secretion was delayed and the peak cortisol and corticosterone concentrations were lower compared with the other groups.	Atropine	93-101	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	110-114
6099814-5	1984	Activation of ACTH secretion in response to hypoglycaemia may involve a cholinergic mechanism at the hypothalamic level, with a consequent reduction in the increments of plasma cortisol and corticosterone after atropine administration.	Atropine	211-219	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	14-18
6599720-0	1984	Atropine potentiates the pressor response to arginine-vasopressin in conscious dogs.	Atropine	0-8	arginine vasopressin	Canis lupus familiaris	45-65
6098877-0	1984	Corelease of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and peptide histidine isoleucine in relation to atropine-resistant vasodilation in cat submandibular salivary gland.	Atropine	95-103	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	13-46
6098877-4	1984	Atropine pretreatment enhanced output of both VIP-IR and PHI-IR during the parasympathetic nerve stimulation to a similar extent (about 5-fold) compared to control stimulations.	Atropine	0-8	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	46-49
6098877-6	1984	Since VIP and PHI are present in the same postganglionic parasympathetic nerves in the gland and both peptides have vasodilator activity, the present data suggest that both VIP and PHI may contribute to the atropine-resistant vasodilation seen upon stimulation of the chorda-lingual nerve.	Atropine	207-215	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	173-176
6518981-4	1984	Changes in lacrimal peroxidase secretion were found after administration of atropine, aspirin, furosemide, indomethacine and pilocarpine.	Atropine	76-84	peroxidase 42-like	Gossypium hirsutum	20-30
6398509-3	1984	The inhibitory effect of atropine was augmented by insulin, which appears to be a peripheral inhibitor of the CTLI release from the pancreatic acinar cells.	Atropine	25-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
6151719-13	1984	However, GRP (10(-9)-10(-5) M) did not evoke contraction and the electrically induced contractile response was unaffected by GRP but could be blocked by atropine.	Atropine	153-161	gastrin releasing peptide	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
6091776-4	1984	Carbachol produced a steady-state increase of [Ca2+]in and its effect was blocked by atropine and Ca2+ -channel blocking agents.	Atropine	85-93	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	47-50
6149777-4	1984	TRH appeared to bean antagonist of atropine and physostigmine by locomotor activity and hypnotic effect of hexenal and to be an agonist of phenylephrine, isadrin, amphetamine and an antagonist of phentolamine and propranolol as shown by behavioral tests.	Atropine	35-43	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Mus musculus	0-3
6487470-4	1984	POST-atropine, the increase in heart rate was enhanced, the rise in systolic pressure abolished and the falls in diastolic and mean pressures exaggerated (+47.0 +/- 2.8 beats/min, -8.9 +/- 2.9 mm Hg, -27.3 +/- 2.1 mm Hg, -21.1 +/- 1.9 mm Hg, respectively at isoprenaline 2 micrograms/min).	Atropine	5-13	solute carrier family 35 member G1	Homo sapiens	0-4
6440800-2	1984	The present study was to elucidate the influence of dopaminergic (pimozide, apomorphine) and cholinergic (atropine, physostigmine) drugs on the antiataxic effect of TRH.	Atropine	106-114	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Mus musculus	165-168
6440800-4	1984	The increase of spontaneous motor activities after TRH injection was antagonized by pretreatment with pimozide and physostigmine, but accentuated by pretreatment with atropine.	Atropine	167-175	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Mus musculus	51-54
6432498-7	1984	In DU atropine increased fasting serum gastrin from 62 to 82 pg/ml (P less than 0.05); the increase in normals from 32 to 38 pg/ml was not significant.	Atropine	6-14	gastrin	Homo sapiens	39-46
6432498-8	1984	Thus, while both normals and DU exhibited the same qualitative responses to muscarinic receptor antagonism by atropine with respect to gastric secretion, gastrin levels, and heart rate, there were quantitative differences in all three parameters.	Atropine	110-118	gastrin	Homo sapiens	154-161
6096959-0	1984	Atropine inhibits meal-stimulated release of cholecystokinin.	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	45-60
6146551-5	1984	These neurons were both cholinergic and noncholinergic, because addition of an optimal dose of atropine (10(-7) M) to the vascular perfusate inhibited only partially the gastrin response and converted the somatostatin response from decrease below basal levels--a typical cholinergic effect--to significant increase above basal levels.	Atropine	95-103	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	170-177
6146551-6	1984	As shown previously, atropine had an identical effect on gastrin and somatostatin responses to transmural electrical stimulation of the antral region.	Atropine	21-29	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	57-64
6209493-0	1984	Atropine potentiates the pressor effect of arginine-vasopressin in conscious dogs.	Atropine	0-8	arginine vasopressin	Canis lupus familiaris	43-63
6209493-5	1984	After atropine, the same dose of AVP increased pressure by 51.6 +/- 3.2 mm Hg.	Atropine	6-14	arginine vasopressin	Canis lupus familiaris	33-36
6209493-6	1984	The bradycardiac response to AVP was blunted by atropine as was the decrease in cardiac output.	Atropine	48-56	arginine vasopressin	Canis lupus familiaris	29-32
6381948-3	1984	In the fasting animal, motilin initiates premature activity fronts of the migrating motor complex (MMC) in the upper gastrointestinal tract by an atropine or tetrodotoxin-sensitive mechanism.	Atropine	146-154	motilin	Homo sapiens	23-30
6091417-3	1984	Furthermore, NPY caused a reversible inhibition of both the metoprolol and atropine-sensitive auricle responses to field stimulation (2 Hz or 4 Hz for 2 s) without affecting the response to exogenous noradrenaline (NA) or acetylcholine (ACh).	Atropine	75-83	pro-neuropeptide Y	Cavia porcellus	13-16
6747844-5	1984	However, in the presence of atropine or in the absence of cholinesterase inhibition, the release by stimulation was significantly higher and subject to inhibition by Met-enkephalin.	Atropine	28-36	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	166-180
6147957-2	1984	The potency of VIP (pD2 = 7.52 +/- 0.18, n = 6) was about 30 times higher than that of isoprenaline in the atropine and phentolamine-blocked preparation.	Atropine	107-115	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
6378435-8	1984	On the other hand, administration of the same dose of atropine 60 min after ingestion of food decreased postprandial serum PP levels to basal values within one hour both in five patients with CRF and in six normal subjects.	Atropine	54-62	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	123-125
6378435-10	1984	The PP peak coeluting with the 4200 molecular weight human PP standard comprised more than half of total PP immunoreactivity and was the only peak to be influenced by feeding or atropine.	Atropine	178-186	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	4-6
6378435-10	1984	The PP peak coeluting with the 4200 molecular weight human PP standard comprised more than half of total PP immunoreactivity and was the only peak to be influenced by feeding or atropine.	Atropine	178-186	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	59-61
6378435-10	1984	The PP peak coeluting with the 4200 molecular weight human PP standard comprised more than half of total PP immunoreactivity and was the only peak to be influenced by feeding or atropine.	Atropine	178-186	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	59-61
6724277-7	1984	In both intact and vagally blocked dogs, atropine abolished both the spontaneous motor activity and associated rise in motilin level, and also abolished porcine motilin-induced activity.	Atropine	41-49	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	119-126
6724277-7	1984	In both intact and vagally blocked dogs, atropine abolished both the spontaneous motor activity and associated rise in motilin level, and also abolished porcine motilin-induced activity.	Atropine	41-49	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	161-168
6724277-8	1984	However, a diminished, but significant (p less than 0.01) peak in porcine motilin-induced canine motilin persisted in the presence of atropine.	Atropine	134-142	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	74-81
6472626-7	1984	A rise in acetylcholinesterase concentration was obtained upon stimulation of the central ends of the sciatic nerves; this was inhibited by atropine but not by N-methylatropine, indicating that the rise was due to increased nervous activity and not to the circulatory effects of the stimulation, since the changes in blood pressure caused by the stimulation remained the same after atropine administration.	Atropine	140-148	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	10-30
6144609-8	1984	The observation that somatostatin and atropine affect absorption in opposite ways while prolonging intestinal transit time in a similar fashion suggests that the effects of somatostatin and atropine are due to a direct influence on absorption at the mucosal level that is independent of any effect on intestinal motility.	Atropine	190-198	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	21-33
6474453-9	1984	Administration of atropine caused a significant decrease in serum PG I in the patients with duodenal ulcer, which suggests the vagal control of PG I release in duodenal ulcer patients.	Atropine	18-26	biglycan	Homo sapiens	66-70
6474453-9	1984	Administration of atropine caused a significant decrease in serum PG I in the patients with duodenal ulcer, which suggests the vagal control of PG I release in duodenal ulcer patients.	Atropine	18-26	biglycan	Homo sapiens	144-148
6096959-5	1984	The abolition of measurable CCK release by atropine may entirely account for its inhibitory effects on biliary secretion and in part for its effect on the pancreas.	Atropine	43-51	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	28-31
6203762-4	1984	The responses produced by pentagastrin, substance P or neurotensin, but not by CCK-8, were partially inhibited by atropine.	Atropine	114-122	neurotensin	Felis catus	55-66
6089434-1	1984	After long-term blockade of M-cholinoreactive structures by means of atropine activities of lactate-, malate- and isocytrate dehydrogenases (LDH, MDH, IDH, respectively) was decreased in smooth muscles of pigeon stomach.	Atropine	69-77	malate dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	146-149
6328158-9	1984	Atropine (10-4M) almost completely abolished DN-1417-, TRH- and carbachol-induced cyclic AMP formation in the presence and absence of pentobarbital.	Atropine	0-8	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
6091414-2	1984	Carbachol was found to potentiate the cyclic AMP increase induced by VIP by an atropine sensitive mechanism.	Atropine	79-87	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	69-72
6203347-3	1984	The substance P antagonist, (D-Pro2, D- Trp7 ,9)-SP, greatly reduced the atropine-resistant contraction.	Atropine	73-81	short transient receptor potential channel 7	Cavia porcellus	40-44
6329497-1	1984	Neurotensin given intra-arterially in bolus doses to the canine small intestine inhibited field-stimulated, atropine-sensitive contractile responses in the duodenum (mean effective dose (ED50) = 3.2 X 10(-11) mol) and in the ileum (mean ED50 = 2.1 X 10(-11) mol).	Atropine	108-116	neurotensin	Canis lupus familiaris	0-11
6327247-3	1984	Peripheral muscarinic receptor blockade with atropine or truncal vagotomy abolished PP secretion induced by ICV CCK-8.	Atropine	45-53	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	84-86
6327247-4	1984	Pretreatment with ICV atropine also prevented the elevation in plasma PP induced by CCK-8.	Atropine	22-30	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	70-72
6327247-7	1984	Since the effect of CCK-8 on plasma PP was abolished by central and peripheral atropine pretreatment, as well as by vagotomy, central and peripheral vagal cholinergic mechanisms appear to participate in release of PP that is induced by CCK-8 given by ICV injection.	Atropine	79-87	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	36-38
6379759-4	1984	In an isolated perfused preparation of the pig pancreas with intact vagal nerve supply, electrical vagal stimulation caused an atropine-resistant release of VIP, which accurately parallelled the exocrine secretion of juice and bicarbonate.	Atropine	127-135	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	157-160
6713203-5	1984	Atropine (1-100 microM) increased endogenous ACh release by 32-91% and effective doses were 10-fold lower in the presence of a cholinesterase inhibitor.	Atropine	0-8	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	127-141
6142392-3	1984	Atropine alone increased the dose of motilin required to induce responses.	Atropine	0-8	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	37-44
6331670-9	1984	The increase in ODC activity caused by ACh was abolished by a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist, atropine (0.01 mM), and following axotomy for a week, but not by a nicotinic antagonist or by denervation in the SCG.	Atropine	97-105	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
6089434-1	1984	After long-term blockade of M-cholinoreactive structures by means of atropine activities of lactate-, malate- and isocytrate dehydrogenases (LDH, MDH, IDH, respectively) was decreased in smooth muscles of pigeon stomach.	Atropine	69-77	isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1	Homo sapiens	151-154
6142075-7	1984	However, those rats given atropine shed significantly fewer ova per rat following LHRH or LH infusion when compared with controls.	Atropine	26-34	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-86
6089137-0	1984	Chronic atropine treatment causes increase in VIP receptors in rat cerebral cortex.	Atropine	8-16	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
6089137-1	1984	Chronic atropine treatment (14 days, 20 mg X day-1 X kg-1 SC) caused a 75% increase in the number of VIP receptors in the rat cerebral cortex.	Atropine	8-16	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
6473162-2	1984	The results of three types of experiments are presented that tend to implicate vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) a known vasodilator, as an atropine-resistant dilator transmitter.	Atropine	146-154	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	79-112
6473162-2	1984	The results of three types of experiments are presented that tend to implicate vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) a known vasodilator, as an atropine-resistant dilator transmitter.	Atropine	146-154	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	114-117
6201966-2	1984	In the anaesthetised rat, a single intravenous injection of substance P caused an atropine resistant increase in both the basal and caerulein stimulated flow of pancreatic juice and amylase output, but reduced the secretin stimulated pancreatic juice flow.	Atropine	82-90	tachykinin 1	Mus musculus	60-71
6704094-6	1984	In the anesthetized and atropine-treated rat, of which intestinal trypsin was removed by thoroughly washing with saline containing 5 microM soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI), pancreatic secretion became basal state, and was not stimulated by injection of SBTI into its duodenum any longer.	Atropine	24-32	kunitz trypsin protease inhibitor	Glycine max	148-165
6141740-4	1984	Atropine abolished the potentiated bicarbonate response to secretin plus L-phenylalanine but had no effect on the response to secretin plus caerulein.	Atropine	0-8	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	59-67
6141281-2	1984	The contractile activity of neurotensin was partially blocked by tetrodotoxin or atropine, indicating that a component of the neurotensin-mediated contraction is indirect in nature and likely involves the release of endogenous acetylcholine from nervous terminals in the myenteric plexus.	Atropine	81-89	neurotensin/neuromedin N	Cavia porcellus	28-39
6141281-2	1984	The contractile activity of neurotensin was partially blocked by tetrodotoxin or atropine, indicating that a component of the neurotensin-mediated contraction is indirect in nature and likely involves the release of endogenous acetylcholine from nervous terminals in the myenteric plexus.	Atropine	81-89	neurotensin/neuromedin N	Cavia porcellus	126-137
6547103-3	1984	PAM-2 Cl (protective ratio (PR) = 22.1) and HI-6 (PR = 24.8), combined with atropine, were very effective against Ta-S-N+ poisoning and reactivating inhibited RBC AChE in vitro and rat blood ChE in vivo.	Atropine	76-84	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	163-167
6713495-5	1984	When the antagonist atropine was applied after carbachol stimulation, deposits reappeared on cell membranes, which then disappeared again after a second stimulation with cholecystokinin.	Atropine	20-28	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	170-185
6489644-5	1984	Atropine completely abolished the PP response.	Atropine	0-8	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	34-36
6325015-12	1984	The effect of CCK-8 is partly mediated by cholinergic nerves, since not only tetrodotoxin but also atropine greatly reduced the CCK-8-induced contractile response.	Atropine	99-107	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	14-17
6325015-12	1984	The effect of CCK-8 is partly mediated by cholinergic nerves, since not only tetrodotoxin but also atropine greatly reduced the CCK-8-induced contractile response.	Atropine	99-107	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	128-131
6325015-14	1984	CCK-8 enhanced the SP-mediated (atropine-resistant) contractile response to electrical stimulation but not that mediated by acetylcholine.	Atropine	32-40	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	0-3
6509730-9	1984	Administration of ephedrine and atropine increased HR temporarily from 56 to 90 and from 36 to 110 beats X min-1, respectively.	Atropine	32-40	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	107-112
6468768-0	1984	Inhibitory effect of atropine on cholecystokinin-induced gallbladder contraction in man.	Atropine	21-29	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	33-48
6468768-1	1984	We have studied the effect of atropine on cholecystokinin (CCK)-induced gallbladder contraction in 7 healthy volunteers by means of real-time ultrasonography.	Atropine	30-38	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	42-57
6468768-1	1984	We have studied the effect of atropine on cholecystokinin (CCK)-induced gallbladder contraction in 7 healthy volunteers by means of real-time ultrasonography.	Atropine	30-38	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	59-62
6468768-8	1984	In 2 subjects in whom a higher dose of atropine, 15 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1, was tested, gallbladder contraction was totally abolished, even when the largest dose of CCK was infused.	Atropine	39-47	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	166-169
6542496-8	1984	Mean weighted skin temperature (Tsk) was relatively constant during exercise and was warmer (P less than 0.05) with increasing atropine dosage.	Atropine	127-135	tsukushi, small leucine rich proteoglycan	Homo sapiens	32-35
6542496-11	1984	For subjects walking in the heat, three new observations were: 1) 0.5 mg of atropine resulted in increased HR and Tsk compared to control values; 2) HR was elevated but the magnitude of change decreased with increasing dosage, while the elevation in Tre was consistent with increasing dosage; and 3) rectal temperatures (in trials with and without atropine) were unaffected by previous days of atropine administration.	Atropine	76-84	tsukushi, small leucine rich proteoglycan	Homo sapiens	114-117
6143303-2	1984	We have studied the effects of low doses of atropine, 16-16(Me)2-prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and somatostatin-14 on bombesin-stimulated gastrin release and gastric acid and pepsin secretion in conscious fistula dogs.	Atropine	44-52	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	132-139
6436857-0	1984	Effect of atropine on the diurnal PRL responses to TRH in normal subjects.	Atropine	10-18	prolactin	Homo sapiens	34-37
6436857-0	1984	Effect of atropine on the diurnal PRL responses to TRH in normal subjects.	Atropine	10-18	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	51-54
6427818-4	1984	A single injection of TRH at a low dose of 2.5 mg/kg SC did not produce stereotypy but this behavior was induced when this dose of TRH was administered in combination with atropine (3 mg/kg IP).	Atropine	172-180	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Mus musculus	22-25
6146189-1	1984	In cats electrical vagal stimulation leads to an atropine-resistant release of gastrin.	Atropine	49-57	LOC105260099	Felis catus	79-86
6146189-9	1984	In rats, low doses of atropine (0.05 mg/kg) completely inhibits the intragastric vagally mediated release of somatostatin, which leads to an approximately 10-fold enhancement of the simultaneously occurring gastrin release.	Atropine	22-30	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	109-121
6146189-9	1984	In rats, low doses of atropine (0.05 mg/kg) completely inhibits the intragastric vagally mediated release of somatostatin, which leads to an approximately 10-fold enhancement of the simultaneously occurring gastrin release.	Atropine	22-30	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	207-214
6719446-0	1984	Plasma gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide response to atropine and sham feeding in man.	Atropine	54-62	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	19-41
6719446-2	1984	Atropine 1 mg in the basal state had no effect on the plasma gastrin concentrations but led to significant decrease in plasma PP concentrations.	Atropine	0-8	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	126-128
6719446-3	1984	Plasma gastrin response to MSF was negligible but increased by atropine.	Atropine	63-71	gastrin	Homo sapiens	7-14
6719446-4	1984	The plasma PP level was markedly increased by MSF, and was antagonized by atropine.	Atropine	74-82	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	11-13
6671510-4	1983	Atropine suppressed the basal levels of motilin and hpp but did not alter the increment of motilin levels after domperidone administration, while atropine suppressed domperidone induced secretory response of hpp.	Atropine	0-8	motilin	Homo sapiens	40-47
6608121-4	1983	Intravenous infusion of VIP stimulated the flow rate of duodenal secretion, an effect which was inhibited by atropine.	Atropine	109-117	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	24-27
6416081-4	1983	When atropine (100 micrograms) was injected intraventricularly, there was a decrease in plasma LH and an increase in PRL levels but no alterations in the levels of the other hormones.	Atropine	5-13	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
6416081-5	1983	The action of naloxone on PRL and GH release was eliminated by simultaneous administration of atropine, but there was only a slight reduction in its effect on LH.	Atropine	94-102	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
6416081-5	1983	The action of naloxone on PRL and GH release was eliminated by simultaneous administration of atropine, but there was only a slight reduction in its effect on LH.	Atropine	94-102	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	34-36
6663018-7	1983	Under extreme hypoglycemia the stimulation of PP release becomes partially atropine resistant, although still totally dependent on the vagus; conceivably the release of other transmitters, like e.g. VIP, is activated under these circumstances.	Atropine	75-83	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	46-48
6489644-6	1984	Gastrin release was stimulated by MSF only after prior administration of cimetidine and, to a lesser extent, after atropine pretreatment.	Atropine	115-123	gastrin	Homo sapiens	0-7
6355912-6	1983	The nerve-induced contractions were blocked by atropine, the experiments thus suggest prejunctional actions of NPY in cholinergic nerves in the uterine cervix.	Atropine	47-55	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
6196939-2	1983	The substance P-induced contractions were resistant to mepyramine and atropine, suggesting a direct effect on the bronchial smooth muscle.	Atropine	70-78	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	4-15
6412782-9	1983	This is evidenced by the ability of atropine to diminish the excitatory effect of TRH applied microiontophoretically to single neurons of the lateral hypothalamus.	Atropine	36-44	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
6139157-5	1983	Either hexamethonium or atropine blocked IR motilin release induced by stimulation of intrinsic or extrinsic nerves while only atropine inhibited the release induced by intraarterial carbachol.	Atropine	24-32	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	44-51
6193036-9	1983	We conclude: (1) that the effect of exogenous CCK on pancreatic secretion of enzymes is not affected by atropine; (2) intraintestinal oleate stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion significantly by an atropine-sensitive mechanism; (3) probably the atropine effect is a blockade of a cholinergic enteropancreatic reflex.	Atropine	200-208	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	46-49
6193036-9	1983	We conclude: (1) that the effect of exogenous CCK on pancreatic secretion of enzymes is not affected by atropine; (2) intraintestinal oleate stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion significantly by an atropine-sensitive mechanism; (3) probably the atropine effect is a blockade of a cholinergic enteropancreatic reflex.	Atropine	200-208	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	46-49
6195677-4	1983	With the rats kept at an ambient temperature of 22 degrees C, NT given ICV produced a dose-dependent fall in core temperature of greater than 0.8 degree C. Pre-treatment of the animal"s cerebral ventricle with amine receptor antagonists, phentolamine (20.0 micrograms), butaclamol (10.0 micrograms), methysergide (20.0 micrograms) or atropine (25.0 micrograms), all similarly infused ICV, failed to alter the hypothermia induced by NT.	Atropine	334-342	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	62-64
6196809-4	1983	The contractile effects of SP were sensitive to atropine or local infusion of a SP analogue, (D-Pro2,D-Trp7,9)-SP, indicating that SP activated a final common cholinergic neuron in both stomach and pylorus.	Atropine	48-56	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	27-29
6196809-9	1983	injection of SP, was sensitive to atropine or the SP analogue but hexamethonium resistant.	Atropine	34-42	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	13-15
6647889-0	1983	The effect of atropine on bombesin and gastrin releasing peptide stimulated gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide and neurotensin release in man.	Atropine	14-22	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	26-34
6612345-5	1983	Furthermore, these evoked synaptic responses were enhanced by the cholinesterase inhibitor eserine and were blocked by atropine.	Atropine	119-127	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	66-80
6724165-0	1984	Effect of atropine on the plasma cholecystokinin response to intraduodenal fat in man.	Atropine	10-18	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	33-48
6724165-1	1984	The present study was undertaken to determine whether atropine inhibits the plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) response to intraduodenal fat.	Atropine	54-62	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	83-98
6724165-1	1984	The present study was undertaken to determine whether atropine inhibits the plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) response to intraduodenal fat.	Atropine	54-62	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	100-103
6724165-5	1984	Intravenous administration of atropine (0.015 mg/kg as bolus followed by 0.005 mg/kg X h over 3 h) resulted in significant inhibition of plasma CCK concentrations at 10, 20 and 30 min (antibody 1703) and at 20 and 30 min (antibody T204 ) after instillation of fat.	Atropine	30-38	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	144-147
6724165-6	1984	However, the peak increments in plasma CCK during atropine (8.6 +/- 1.9 pmol/l, antibody 1703; 5.4 +/- 1.1 pmol/l, antibody T204 ) were not different from those found without atropine (6.3 +/- 0.8 pmol/l, antibody 1703; 3.9 +/- 0.9 pmol/l, antibody T204 ).	Atropine	50-58	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	39-42
6647889-0	1983	The effect of atropine on bombesin and gastrin releasing peptide stimulated gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide and neurotensin release in man.	Atropine	14-22	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	85-107
6647889-0	1983	The effect of atropine on bombesin and gastrin releasing peptide stimulated gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide and neurotensin release in man.	Atropine	14-22	neurotensin	Homo sapiens	112-123
6647889-8	1983	Atropine blocked the release of PP during GRP and neurotensin infusion.	Atropine	0-8	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	32-34
6647889-8	1983	Atropine blocked the release of PP during GRP and neurotensin infusion.	Atropine	0-8	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	42-45
6647889-8	1983	Atropine blocked the release of PP during GRP and neurotensin infusion.	Atropine	0-8	neurotensin	Homo sapiens	50-61
6647889-9	1983	Atropine had no effect on neurotensin or PP release during bombesin infusion, but did block the rise in plasma PP following bombesin infusion.	Atropine	0-8	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	124-132
6194444-5	1983	Atropine + 2-PAM prophylaxis eventuated in a complete restoration of RNA levels but no reactivation of AChE.	Atropine	0-8	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
6193389-1	1983	Motilin, pentagastrin and substance P (SP), injected intra-arterially into the canine gastric corpus in vivo increased the amplitude of contractions by an action dependent on activation of cholinergic nerves; i.e. atropine or tetrodotoxin (TTX) completely blocked the responses to motilin and pentagastrin and increased the ED50 of SP.	Atropine	214-222	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	0-7
6309168-5	1983	The inhibitory effects of carbachol on (-) isoproterenol-stimulated cyclic AMP synthesis and ACTH secretion were reversed by the muscarinic antagonist, atropine, and not by the nicotinic antagonist, gallamine.	Atropine	152-160	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	93-97
6137393-3	1983	Atropine in a dose which had no action on self-stimulation partly antagonized the effect of somatostatin.	Atropine	0-8	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	92-104
6417631-5	1983	Atropine pre-treatment suppressed the naturally-occurring and motilin-induced pepsin output and contractions in the pouch.	Atropine	0-8	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	62-69
6617924-7	1983	Atropine sulfate (70 and 700 mg/kg) injected subcutaneously resulted in the complete inhibition of the nocturnal PRL surge whenever given at 2100 h on Day 2, 0000 h on Day 3 and 0300 h on Day 3, which corresponded to 4 hours and 1 hour before and 2 hours after the starting of the nocturnal PRL surge, respectively.	Atropine	0-16	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
6617924-7	1983	Atropine sulfate (70 and 700 mg/kg) injected subcutaneously resulted in the complete inhibition of the nocturnal PRL surge whenever given at 2100 h on Day 2, 0000 h on Day 3 and 0300 h on Day 3, which corresponded to 4 hours and 1 hour before and 2 hours after the starting of the nocturnal PRL surge, respectively.	Atropine	0-16	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	291-294
6617924-8	1983	ICV injection of atropine sulfate (250 micrograms/rat) also inhibited the occurrence of the nocturnal PRL surge when given at 0000 h on Day 3, though a slight and transient elevation of plasma PRL levels were seen.	Atropine	17-33	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
6617924-8	1983	ICV injection of atropine sulfate (250 micrograms/rat) also inhibited the occurrence of the nocturnal PRL surge when given at 0000 h on Day 3, though a slight and transient elevation of plasma PRL levels were seen.	Atropine	17-33	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	193-196
6192000-4	1983	The contractions produced by the CCK peptides were reduced by the neuronal blocker tetrodotoxin and by the muscarinic blocker atropine but not by the substance P antagonist [D-Pro2,D-Trp7,9]SP.	Atropine	126-134	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	33-36
6194444-6	1983	Addition of physostigmine to the atropine + 2-PAM treatment regimen resulted in appreciable AChE reactivation but reduced RNA levels.	Atropine	33-41	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	92-96
6138759-1	1983	In conscious dogs with gastric fistula and platinum electrodes on the antrum, duodenum and jejunum, IV atropine 100 micrograms/kg/hr and hexamethonium 10 mg/kg/hr, blocked cyclic increases in fasting plasma motilin concentration (PMC) and spontaneous migrating myoelectric complexes (MMCs) of both antrum and duodenum.	Atropine	103-111	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	207-214
6149635-1	1983	Atropine, in combination with 1 of 6 other drugs, was tested in mice for the ability to prevent death by an otherwise lethal dose of the cholinesterase inhibitor, physostigmine.	Atropine	0-8	butyrylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	137-151
6301290-3	1983	Dibutyryl cGMP inhibited the stimulation of pepsinogen secretion caused by cholecystokinin but not that caused by carbamylcholine; atropine inhibited the stimulation of pepsinogen secretion caused by carbamylcholine but not that caused by cholecystokinin.	Atropine	131-139	pepsin II-2/3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	169-179
6869127-1	1983	In the conscious cat the histidine decarboxylase inhibitor O-methyl-3(+)catechin (Zy 15029) promoted a dose-dependent atropine-sensitive increase in basal acid output.	Atropine	118-126	histidine decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	25-48
6299641-6	1983	After atropine the CD25 was unchanged after placebo (2.3 +/- 0.3 micrograms) and atenolol (7.7 +/- 1.3 micrograms); it was reduced after propranolol (24.8 +/- 5.0 micrograms), but remained different from atenolol.	Atropine	6-14	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	19-23
6299117-5	1983	Phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine, propranolol, catecholamine depletion of preparations by reserpine-tetrabenazine, and the block of catecholamine synthesis at different levels significantly inhibited CCK-OP-induced tonic contraction, whereas atropine had no influence.	Atropine	240-248	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	198-201
6296363-5	1983	The increase in plasma cyclic GMP elicited by morphine was abolished by vagotomy and pretreatment with hexamethonium and atropine and was partly inhibited by pretreatment with phentolamine.	Atropine	121-129	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Mus musculus	30-33
6301290-3	1983	Dibutyryl cGMP inhibited the stimulation of pepsinogen secretion caused by cholecystokinin but not that caused by carbamylcholine; atropine inhibited the stimulation of pepsinogen secretion caused by carbamylcholine but not that caused by cholecystokinin.	Atropine	131-139	cholecystokinin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	239-254
6682579-2	1983	In the perfusion with atropine (3 microM)-containing Tyrode"s solution, the enhancement of PA release caused by acetylcholine (1.0 micrograms) was completely inhibited; however, increases caused by other potentiators, namely, bradykinin (1.0 micrograms), histamine (1.0 micrograms), dilazep (30 micrograms), and thrombin (6 U) were not affected.	Atropine	22-30	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Sus scrofa	312-320
6142677-9	1983	Moreover, this hypersecretion of insulin observed in genetic pre-obesity is abolished by acute atropine administration indicating the involvement of the parasympathetic nervous system in the development of their hyperinsulinemia and subsequent obesity.	Atropine	95-103	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
6628257-5	1983	The effectiveness of these oximes in restoration of VX-inactivated ChE in vivo offers an explanation as to why conventional atropine/oxime therapy is so effective against VX intoxication.	Atropine	124-132	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
6886352-0	1983	Effect of atropine and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy on serum gastrin.	Atropine	10-18	gastrin	Homo sapiens	65-72
6848897-1	1983	The effect of atropine, a muscarinic cholinergic blocking agent, on the response of plasma pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) to the ingestion of beef was investigated.	Atropine	14-22	familial progressive hyperpigmentation 1	Homo sapiens	115-118
6848897-6	1983	Mean integrated incremental hPP responses in the absence of atropine were 9.1 +/- 3.4 ng min ml-1 for the first phase (0-40 min) and 29.7 +/- 5.7 ng min ml-1 for the second phase (60-180 min); with atropine at 4 min, respective responses were 0.8 +/- 0.9 and -1.0 +/- 1.3 ng min ml,-1 and with atropine at 60 min they were 10.6 +/- 5.0 and 1.3 +/- 1.6 ng min ml.-1 After atropine administration, the half-time of disappearance of hPP from the circulation was 4-6 min, suggesting the complete cessation of stimulated hPP secretion.	Atropine	198-206	familial progressive hyperpigmentation 1	Homo sapiens	28-31
6848897-6	1983	Mean integrated incremental hPP responses in the absence of atropine were 9.1 +/- 3.4 ng min ml-1 for the first phase (0-40 min) and 29.7 +/- 5.7 ng min ml-1 for the second phase (60-180 min); with atropine at 4 min, respective responses were 0.8 +/- 0.9 and -1.0 +/- 1.3 ng min ml,-1 and with atropine at 60 min they were 10.6 +/- 5.0 and 1.3 +/- 1.6 ng min ml.-1 After atropine administration, the half-time of disappearance of hPP from the circulation was 4-6 min, suggesting the complete cessation of stimulated hPP secretion.	Atropine	198-206	familial progressive hyperpigmentation 1	Homo sapiens	28-31
6848897-6	1983	Mean integrated incremental hPP responses in the absence of atropine were 9.1 +/- 3.4 ng min ml-1 for the first phase (0-40 min) and 29.7 +/- 5.7 ng min ml-1 for the second phase (60-180 min); with atropine at 4 min, respective responses were 0.8 +/- 0.9 and -1.0 +/- 1.3 ng min ml,-1 and with atropine at 60 min they were 10.6 +/- 5.0 and 1.3 +/- 1.6 ng min ml.-1 After atropine administration, the half-time of disappearance of hPP from the circulation was 4-6 min, suggesting the complete cessation of stimulated hPP secretion.	Atropine	198-206	familial progressive hyperpigmentation 1	Homo sapiens	28-31
6657033-4	1983	While atropine 0.1 mg/kg s.c. did not change baseline levels, the prolactin levels after electrical irritation without seizure were about the same as those following a genuine seizure; atropine apparently facilitated stress-induced prolactin release.	Atropine	185-193	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	66-75
6657033-4	1983	While atropine 0.1 mg/kg s.c. did not change baseline levels, the prolactin levels after electrical irritation without seizure were about the same as those following a genuine seizure; atropine apparently facilitated stress-induced prolactin release.	Atropine	185-193	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	232-241
6675173-2	1983	A significant increase in peripheral plasma VIP was observed when atropine was given together with insulin, whereas insulin or atropine alone had no effect on plasma VIP.	Atropine	66-74	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	44-47
6138754-1	1983	It has been found that ATP-ase activity increases considerably in the heart after intravenous administration of adrenaline, noradrenaline, phenylephrine (50 micrograms/kg), phentolamine, atropine, and also after vagotomy and adrenaline given after vagotomy.	Atropine	187-195	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	23-30
6128924-3	1982	Stimulation at increasing cycle durations (0.1-4 ms) caused increasing gastrin secretion that was progressively more resistant to atropine.	Atropine	130-138	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	71-78
6189365-0	1982	VIP as a mediator of hexamethonium-sensitive, atropine-resistant vasodilation in the cat tongue.	Atropine	46-54	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
6128924-7	1982	Atropine converted the decrease to an increase, from which it was concluded that before atropine somatostatin secretion was the net result of cholinergic inhibition and noncholinergic stimulation of somatostatin.	Atropine	0-8	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	199-211
7047053-9	1982	This impaired PP response was similar to that seen in controls after atropine.	Atropine	69-77	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	14-16
7173714-7	1982	Atropine, intravenously, 0.6 mg followed by 0.3 mg, nearly abolished both fasting biliary output and plasma motilin fluctuations.	Atropine	0-8	motilin	Homo sapiens	108-115
7107820-6	1982	Intravenous administration of 1 mg atropine to all 19 affected members of MEN I families and to 8 normal control subjects inhibited serum PP in all of them.	Atropine	35-43	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	138-140
7107820-7	1982	Serum PP in the 3 MEN I patients with elevated PP decreased markedly in response to atropine but remained higher than the postatropine serum PP concentrations in the other subjects.	Atropine	84-92	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	6-8
7107820-7	1982	Serum PP in the 3 MEN I patients with elevated PP decreased markedly in response to atropine but remained higher than the postatropine serum PP concentrations in the other subjects.	Atropine	84-92	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	47-49
7107820-7	1982	Serum PP in the 3 MEN I patients with elevated PP decreased markedly in response to atropine but remained higher than the postatropine serum PP concentrations in the other subjects.	Atropine	84-92	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	47-49
7107820-9	1982	The observation that atropine inhibits serum PP levels in MEN I patients with endocrine pancreatic tumors throws doubt on the clinical usefulness of an atropine suppression test for PP in the diagnosis of pancreatic endocrine tumors.	Atropine	21-29	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	45-47
7153911-4	1982	Efferent stimulation of the pelvic nerve caused an increase in the release of VIP, which was unaffected by atropine and adrenoceptor antagonists, but completely abolished by hexamethonium.	Atropine	107-115	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Felis catus	78-81
7153911-7	1982	After atropine and adrenoceptor blockade the nervously induced VIP response was undiminished and accompanied by an increase in uterine venous blood flow.	Atropine	6-14	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Felis catus	63-66
6124477-3	1982	The gastrin response was abolished by hexamethonium but only partly inhibited (35% at the higher dose of 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium) by atropine.	Atropine	143-151	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	4-11
6124477-4	1982	The same dose of atropine inhibited the maximal gastrin response to the muscarinic agonist, methacholine, by 80%.	Atropine	17-25	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	48-55
7124279-8	1982	Basal foetal and maternal plasma PP were inhibited by iv atropine injection.	Atropine	57-65	pancreatic prohormone	Ovis aries	33-35
6818682-0	1982	Effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and atropine on the gastric motility stimulated by insulin-induced hypoglycemia.	Atropine	44-52	insulin	Homo sapiens	91-98
6818682-9	1982	These results demonstrate that TRH effectively inhibits the atropine-resistant stimulation of the gastric motility after insulin-induced hypoglycemia and also has potent relaxing effects on the muscular tonus of the gastric wall.	Atropine	60-68	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	31-34
6818682-9	1982	These results demonstrate that TRH effectively inhibits the atropine-resistant stimulation of the gastric motility after insulin-induced hypoglycemia and also has potent relaxing effects on the muscular tonus of the gastric wall.	Atropine	60-68	insulin	Homo sapiens	121-128
6290232-4	1982	Gastrin binding was not inhibited by secretin, glucagon, Met-enkephalin, physalaemin, eledoisin, BPP, VIP, carbachol, histamine, atropine or cimetidine.	Atropine	129-137	gastrin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-7
7116068-3	1982	Pancreatic polypeptide release is dependent on cholinergic tone and is very sensitive to atropine.	Atropine	89-97	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	0-22
7127212-6	1982	Atropine eliminated carbachol-induced I gastrin release and motility increases, even in the presence of nerve blockade by tetrodotoxin.	Atropine	0-8	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	40-47
7084610-0	1982	Effect of atropine on gastrin release stimulated by an amino acid meal in humans.	Atropine	10-18	gastrin	Homo sapiens	22-29
6133318-0	1983	Meal-stimulated and atropine-inhibited secretion of pancreatic polypeptide in healthy subjects, members of MEA I families and patients with malignant endocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract.	Atropine	20-28	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	52-74
6133318-0	1983	Meal-stimulated and atropine-inhibited secretion of pancreatic polypeptide in healthy subjects, members of MEA I families and patients with malignant endocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract.	Atropine	20-28	menin 1	Homo sapiens	107-112
7110637-3	1982	Atropine also reduced the excitatory component of the neurotensin-induced contractile response; the joint application of atropine plus dynorphin did not cause additional inhibition of the contractile effect of neurotensin.	Atropine	0-8	neurotensin/neuromedin N	Cavia porcellus	54-65
7091334-0	1982	Effects of atropine on the action and release of secretin in humans.	Atropine	11-19	secretin	Homo sapiens	49-57
7091334-1	1982	Using two groups of volunteers, we investigated the effects of atropine on pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate, protein, and trypsin stimulated by secretin.	Atropine	63-71	secretin	Homo sapiens	147-155
6750084-4	1982	The incremental rise in mean plasma insulin concentration was consistently lower in lambs with cut splanchnic nerves, which had been pre-treated with atropine (0.2 mg kg-1), than in normal control lambs, although the differences did not achieve statistical significance.	Atropine	150-158	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	36-43
6750084-8	1982	The rise in mean plasma insulin concentration was significantly greater in lambs pre-treated with atropine (0.2 mg kg-1) and phentolamine (0.1 mg kg-1 initially, followed by 0.02 mg kg-1 min-1) than in atropinized lambs with cut splanchnic nerves.	Atropine	98-106	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	24-31
7048841-5	1982	Following atropine, heart rate increased by about 25 beats min-1, whereas only very slight increases were seen in the non-atropine groups.	Atropine	10-18	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	59-64
7102238-3	1982	The mean of the lowest heart rate was 44.3 beats min-1 in the atropine group compared with 54.3 beats min-1 in the glycopyrrolate group.	Atropine	62-70	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	49-54
7124303-5	1982	Atropine was found in human CSF after a single i.m.	Atropine	0-8	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	28-31
7134868-0	1982	The effect of atropine on plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide after intraduodenal infusion of fat in man.	Atropine	14-22	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	33-66
7134868-4	1982	This effect was abolished by atropine, suggesting that the VIP release seen after intraduodenal fat may be dependent on a certain tone of muscarinic receptors influencing the VIPergic neurons.	Atropine	29-37	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	59-62
6182751-2	1982	It was found that VIP (10(-14) to 10(-10) mol/min) caused an atropine resistant vasodilation but no salivary secretion.	Atropine	61-69	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Felis catus	18-21
7172413-2	1982	The alpha- and beta-adrenergic antagonists, phentolamine and propranolol, and the cholinergic antagonist, atropine, which competed effectively for the binding receptors of [3H]dihydro-alpha-ergocryptine, [3H]dihydroalprenolol, and [14C]acetylcholine, did not inhibit the induction of ODC activity by TPA or the specific binding of [3H]TPA to the cells.	Atropine	106-114	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	284-287
6120877-5	1982	In additional experiments, we evaluated the effect of the same doses of propranolol or phentolamine on the exaggerated gastrin response to gastric distention that occurred during cholinergic blockade with atropine.	Atropine	205-213	gastrin	Homo sapiens	119-126
6127867-1	1982	Initial atropine resistant vagally mediated decrease of somatostatin levels and increase of gastrin and insulin levels.	Atropine	8-16	somatostatin	Canis lupus familiaris	56-68
6127867-1	1982	Initial atropine resistant vagally mediated decrease of somatostatin levels and increase of gastrin and insulin levels.	Atropine	8-16	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	92-99
6127867-1	1982	Initial atropine resistant vagally mediated decrease of somatostatin levels and increase of gastrin and insulin levels.	Atropine	8-16	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	104-111
6127867-11	1982	The process of feeding induces an atropine resistant, vagally mediated decrease in somatostatin release from the gastrointestinal tract and this decreased output of somatostatin facilitates initiation of meal-related endocrine and exocrine gastric secretions.	Atropine	34-42	somatostatin	Canis lupus familiaris	83-95
7122926-0	1982	Atropine depresses release of neurotensin and its effect on the exocrine pancreas.	Atropine	0-8	neurotensin	Canis lupus familiaris	30-41
7122926-3	1982	h-1 atropine sulfate on release and pancreatic effects of neurotensin was studied in 4 dogs.	Atropine	4-20	neurotensin	Canis lupus familiaris	58-69
6129170-4	1982	Both inhibition of stimulated SLI and augmentation of gastrin release were completely abolished by atropine (10(-6) M).	Atropine	99-107	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	54-61
6281836-4	1982	The jumping elicited by TRH (20 mg/kg IP) in combination with apomorphine (0.25 mg/kg IP) was decreased by pretreatment with haloperidol (1 mg/kg IP), physostigmine (0.2 mg/kg IP) or phentolamine (10 mg/kg IP), unaffected by propranolol (10 mg/kg IP), and markedly increased by atropine (5 mg/kg IP) or clonidine (0.5 mg/kg IP).	Atropine	278-286	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Mus musculus	24-27
6281836-5	1982	The results suggest that TRH in combination with apomorphine, atropine or clonidine elicits jumping in which dopaminergic, cholinergic and noradrenergic functions are concomitantly involved.	Atropine	62-70	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Mus musculus	25-28
6127788-3	1982	Both atropine and haloperidol significantly enhanced the meal-induced secretion of gastrin.	Atropine	5-13	gastrin	Homo sapiens	83-90
7286565-0	1981	Atropine suppresses gastrin release by food intact and vagotomized dogs.	Atropine	0-8	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	20-27
7286565-1	1981	We have demonstrated that at doses lower than those used by others in dogs, atropine consistently inhibited food-stimulated gastrin release irrespective of vagal innervation of the stomach.	Atropine	76-84	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	124-131
6173520-4	1981	Intravenous injection of 0.1 mg/kg atropine into dogs with atrial fibrillation and with increased plasma cyclic GMP converted 7 of 10 animals to normal sinus rhythmus, whereupon the plasma levels decreased to normal.	Atropine	35-43	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	112-115
7297603-2	1981	Pretreatment with atropine significantly abolished this effect of PRL while physostigmine enhanced it.	Atropine	18-26	prolactin	Mus musculus	66-69
7323459-0	1981	Changes in plasma pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin in sows after eating and atropine.	Atropine	78-86	pancreatic polypeptide	Sus scrofa	18-40
7323459-3	1981	Pancreatic polypeptide was reduced to or below resting levels following administration of atropine (25, 50 or 100 micrograms/kg intravenously) after which gastrin remained at about its previous levels or rose and pulse rates rose.	Atropine	90-98	pancreatic polypeptide	Sus scrofa	0-22
7323459-4	1981	It is concluded that in the pig, as in other species, there is a cholinergic muscarinic (atropine sensitive) mechanism contributing both to postprandial increases of pancreatic polypeptide and of gastrin.	Atropine	89-97	pancreatic polypeptide	Sus scrofa	166-188
7323459-4	1981	It is concluded that in the pig, as in other species, there is a cholinergic muscarinic (atropine sensitive) mechanism contributing both to postprandial increases of pancreatic polypeptide and of gastrin.	Atropine	89-97	gastrin	Sus scrofa	196-203
7256468-9	1981	Clinical recovery (the point at which atropine could safely be discontinued) generally correlated with a recovery of E-AChE activity to 30% or more of normal.	Atropine	38-46	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	119-123
7263455-4	1981	Bradykinin caused a dose-dependent increase in tracheal muscle tension and often a conspicuous decrease in heart rate, which were abolished by vagotomy or administration of atropine.	Atropine	173-181	kininogen 1	Canis lupus familiaris	0-10
7047252-11	1982	3) Under the above conditions, the hPP response to hypoglycemia can be blocked by atropine, thus indicating that it is due to activation of the cholinergic system and not to the direct effect of glucose lack at the level of the hPP-cell.	Atropine	82-90	familial progressive hyperpigmentation 1	Homo sapiens	35-38
7047252-11	1982	3) Under the above conditions, the hPP response to hypoglycemia can be blocked by atropine, thus indicating that it is due to activation of the cholinergic system and not to the direct effect of glucose lack at the level of the hPP-cell.	Atropine	82-90	familial progressive hyperpigmentation 1	Homo sapiens	228-231
7274550-4	1981	Atropine blocked the vagal release of IR-gastrin but not IR-VIP whereas hexamethonium blocked both responses.	Atropine	0-8	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	41-48
7031230-11	1981	Vagal stimulation also caused a significant rise in the concentration of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the intestinal lymph and this response was found to persist in the presence of atropine.	Atropine	191-199	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Bos taurus	104-107
7235024-1	1981	In dogs with gastric and pancreatic fistulas, we studied the effect of atropine on the pancreatic secretory response to secretin and intestinal HCl.	Atropine	71-79	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	120-128
6166979-6	1981	VIP and SP are potant mediators of atropine resistent vasodilatation in the mucosa.	Atropine	35-43	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
6166979-6	1981	VIP and SP are potant mediators of atropine resistent vasodilatation in the mucosa.	Atropine	35-43	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	8-10
7235024-3	1981	Atropine depressed bicarbonate responses to low doses (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 ng.kg-1.h-1) of secretin but had no significant effect on responses to high doses (1,000 and 2,000 ng.kg-1.h-1).	Atropine	0-8	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	95-103
6273018-6	1981	The cortisol response was impaired and the pattern of ACTH secretion was abnormal in sympathectomized subjects given atropine.	Atropine	117-125	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	54-58
7031227-2	1981	The effect of atropine (0.2 mg/kg) on the release of insulin from the pancreas, in response to both exogenous and endogenous hyperglycaemia, has been investigated in conscious 2- to 5-week-old calves.	Atropine	14-22	insulin	Bos taurus	53-60
7031227-3	1981	2 The rise in mean plasma insulin concentration in response to infusions of glucose, which raised the concentration of glucose in the plasma by about 4.0 mmol/l, was significantly depressed in calves with cut splanchnic nerves by prior administration of atropine.	Atropine	254-262	insulin	Bos taurus	26-33
7031227-5	1981	The rise in plasma insulin concentration, which normally follows stimulation of the splanchnic nerves in the conscious calf (Bloom & Edwards, 1980), was almost completely suppressed by prior administration of atropine.	Atropine	213-221	insulin	Bos taurus	19-26
7324829-6	1981	atropine obeyed and two-compartment open model with a fast distribution phase (mean ta1/2=1.02 min) and quite fast elimination (t1/2=2.56h).	Atropine	0-8	trace amine associated receptor 1	Homo sapiens	84-94
16435472-3	1981	On the day without atropine, plasma GIP and serum insulin increased significantly.	Atropine	19-27	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	36-39
7223893-6	1981	In the presence of 2 mmol/l La3+, the atropine-induced 45Ca2+ uptake in CCh-pretreated cells and the dibutyryl guanosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate-induced 45Ca2+ uptake in CCK-OP-pretreated cells were highly reduced.	Atropine	38-46	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	173-176
6946470-9	1981	Atropine pretreatment, which is known to abolish nasal secretion, caused a further 3-fold increase in VIP output during the nerve stimulation (15 Hz).	Atropine	0-8	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Felis catus	102-105
6946470-11	1981	The increased output of VIP during parasympathetic nerve stimulation by atropine pretreatment suggests that the transmitter acetylcholine may inhibit the release of the coexisting peptide--i.e., VIP--via muscarinic autoreceptors.	Atropine	72-80	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Felis catus	24-27
6946470-11	1981	The increased output of VIP during parasympathetic nerve stimulation by atropine pretreatment suggests that the transmitter acetylcholine may inhibit the release of the coexisting peptide--i.e., VIP--via muscarinic autoreceptors.	Atropine	72-80	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Felis catus	195-198
6135639-6	1981	C6 (117 microM) and to a lesser degree atropine (30-60 microM) also improve ganglionic transmission and the metabolic response in cholinesterase poisoning.	Atropine	39-47	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	130-144
6264529-2	1981	The contractile effect of LTB4 was not affected by methysergide (0.2 microgram/ml), propranolol (3.0 microgram/ml), phenoxybenzamine (0.1 microgram/ml), atropine (0.1 microgram/ml), diphenhydramine (0.1 microgram/ml) and FPL-55712 (1.0 microgram/ml), but was nearly completely abolished by indomethacin (20 microgram/ml).	Atropine	153-161	prostaglandin reductase 1	Cavia porcellus	26-30
6785572-0	1981	Acetylcholinesterase from rat red cells and cholinesterase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: different types of inhibition by atropine.	Atropine	119-127	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	0-20
6785572-0	1981	Acetylcholinesterase from rat red cells and cholinesterase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: different types of inhibition by atropine.	Atropine	119-127	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	6-20
6785572-1	1981	The inhibition by atropine of cholinesterase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been studied in parallel with the membrane bound acetylcholinesterase from rat red cells.	Atropine	18-26	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	30-44
6785572-2	1981	Acetylcholinesterase of rat red cells, like other animal cholinesterases, was competitively inhibited while the cholinesterase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was partially non competitively inhibited by atropine.	Atropine	200-208	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	0-20
6785572-2	1981	Acetylcholinesterase of rat red cells, like other animal cholinesterases, was competitively inhibited while the cholinesterase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was partially non competitively inhibited by atropine.	Atropine	200-208	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	6-20
7345899-8	1981	The increase in blood flow after atropine was accompanied by an about eight fold increase in VIP output as compared to control stimulations at 15 Hz.	Atropine	33-41	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Felis catus	93-96
7345899-13	1981	The relative contributions of VIP and acetylcholine are, however, hard to evaluate since atropine appears to increase VIP release.	Atropine	89-97	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Felis catus	118-121
16435472-4	1981	The increases in plasma GIP and serum insulin were significantly attenuated by atropine.	Atropine	79-87	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	24-27
16435472-4	1981	The increases in plasma GIP and serum insulin were significantly attenuated by atropine.	Atropine	79-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	38-45
16435474-4	1981	In the dose interval of 10-40 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1), atropine suppressed the secretin-stimulated water and bicarbonate, but these or lower doses enhanced the response to submaximal caerulein.	Atropine	55-63	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	79-87
7262709-9	1981	HSR-902 was similar to atropine in this so-called "atropine-resistance".	Atropine	51-59	HSR	Homo sapiens	0-3
7343959-3	1981	When intragastric pH was maintained at 2.5, or when intravenous atropine was given hourly, sensitivity to both exogenous and endogenously released gastrin were similarly decreased.	Atropine	64-72	gastrin	Homo sapiens	147-154
7262709-4	1981	In isolated smooth muscle organs (stomach, duodenum, ileum, colon, gall bladder and urinary bladder), anti-acetylcholine activities of HSR-902 were the most potent among these agents but its activity in urinary bladder, similar to findings in the cases of atropine and diphemanil methylsulfate, was relatively less potent than that of prifinium bromide, timepidium bromide and butylscopolamine bromide.	Atropine	256-264	HSR	Homo sapiens	135-138
6283493-5	1981	Atropine sulfate (0.025 mg/kg) strongly inhibited both motilin- and CCK-OP induced gallbladder contractions.	Atropine	0-16	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	55-62
7031846-2	1981	This increase was significantly (p = 0.031) attenuated when atropine was given together with insulin, indicating that the vagal nerves play a major role in the release of plasma GIP during hypoglycemia.	Atropine	60-68	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	178-181
6283493-5	1981	Atropine sulfate (0.025 mg/kg) strongly inhibited both motilin- and CCK-OP induced gallbladder contractions.	Atropine	0-16	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	68-71
7281197-3	1981	Decrease of acetylcholinesterase activity was not influenced by atropine alone but following treatment with a combination of atropine with the reactivators mentioned, an increase (reactivation) of the blood enzyme was demonstrated.	Atropine	125-133	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	12-32
7440712-5	1980	The effect of OP-CCK on the gallbladder was partially blocked by tetrodotoxin (P < 0.02), hexamethonium alone (P < 0.05), or a combination of hexamethonium and atropine (P < 0.01).	Atropine	166-174	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	17-20
7255527-1	1981	Part 5: The effects of tensides on the liberation of atropine from eye ointments (author"s transl)].	Atropine	53-61	tankyrase	Homo sapiens	0-6
7470728-2	1980	2 Veratridine (100 microM) and excess K+ (56 mM) caused secretion of catecholamine and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity in the venous effluents in the presence of atropine (30 microM) and hexamethonium (2 mM).	Atropine	171-179	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Cavia porcellus	87-112
7470728-2	1980	2 Veratridine (100 microM) and excess K+ (56 mM) caused secretion of catecholamine and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity in the venous effluents in the presence of atropine (30 microM) and hexamethonium (2 mM).	Atropine	171-179	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Cavia porcellus	114-117
6776105-5	1980	Tracheal smooth muscles relaxed and the phosphate content decreased from 1.2 to 0.50 mol of phosphate/mol of myosin upon the addition of 10 microM atropine to muscles which had been previously contracted with 100 microM methacholine.	Atropine	147-155	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	109-115
6163321-0	1980	Atropine sensitive contractile motor effects of substance P on the feline pylorus and stomach in vivo.	Atropine	0-8	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	48-59
7006382-3	1980	Pretreatment by atropine tended to lower the basal plasma PP level and significantly blunted the cerulein-induced PP secretion.	Atropine	16-24	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	58-60
7211403-0	1980	Avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP) inhibits atropine resistant vasodilation in cat submandibular salivary gland and nasal mucosa: possible interaction with VIP.	Atropine	44-52	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	6-28
7006382-3	1980	Pretreatment by atropine tended to lower the basal plasma PP level and significantly blunted the cerulein-induced PP secretion.	Atropine	16-24	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	114-116
6162535-4	1980	SP and BK appear to exert their relaxant effects through the activation of specific receptors as the exposure of the common carotid artery to concentrations of [Leu8]-angiotensin II, propranolol, methysergide, cimetidine, or atropine sufficient to inhibit the effects of the corresponding agonists do not affect the relaxing effect of SP and BK.	Atropine	225-233	kininogen 1	Canis lupus familiaris	7-9
6105951-2	1980	Prompt and significant stimulation of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin secretion was seen when the glucose concentration was 14 mM, and this stimulation was blocked by preinfusion of atropine sulfate (50 microM).	Atropine	186-202	insulin	Gallus gallus	38-45
7463371-2	1980	The effect of atropine was studied on serum gastrin responses to feeding in conscious gastric fistula dogs.	Atropine	14-22	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	44-51
6997131-5	1980	Phentolamine alone caused a twofold rise in hPP concentration, which was abolished by simultaneous atropine infusion.	Atropine	99-107	familial progressive hyperpigmentation 1	Homo sapiens	44-47
6999289-11	1980	Atropine completely blocked the insulin elevation in response to food related external stimuli indicating that this insulin response is mediated via vagus.	Atropine	0-8	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
6999289-11	1980	Atropine completely blocked the insulin elevation in response to food related external stimuli indicating that this insulin response is mediated via vagus.	Atropine	0-8	insulin	Homo sapiens	116-123
7463371-9	1980	The low dose of atropine enhanced the gastrin response to feeding, but the time course and magnitude of the response closely resembled that to normal meals pH-stated to 6.0.	Atropine	16-24	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	38-45
7463371-12	1980	It is concluded that cephalic vagal stimulation of gastrin release is atropine resistant and so unlikely to be mediated by muscarinic receptors.	Atropine	70-78	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	51-58
7463371-13	1980	The enhanced gastrin response to feeding caused by moderate doses of atropine can be attributed to the loss of acid inhibition of gastrin release.	Atropine	69-77	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	13-20
7463371-13	1980	The enhanced gastrin response to feeding caused by moderate doses of atropine can be attributed to the loss of acid inhibition of gastrin release.	Atropine	69-77	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	130-137
6991520-0	1980	Effect of cyproheptadine and atropine on the diurnal prolactin responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in normal men.	Atropine	29-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
7191963-0	1980	Potentiation of gastrin and histamine stimulated acid secretion in Heidenhain pouches by distention--an atropine-resistant mechanism.	Atropine	104-112	gastrin	Homo sapiens	16-23
7380199-2	1980	In addition, the effect of atropine on basal and carbachol-stimulated gastrin release was investigated.	Atropine	27-35	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	70-77
6104441-4	1980	The maximal gastrin response (434 +/- 89% above basal levels; P less than 0.001) was partially inhibited by 10(-8) M atropine and completely inhibited by 10(-7) M atropine.	Atropine	117-125	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	12-19
6104441-4	1980	The maximal gastrin response (434 +/- 89% above basal levels; P less than 0.001) was partially inhibited by 10(-8) M atropine and completely inhibited by 10(-7) M atropine.	Atropine	163-171	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	12-19
6104441-5	1980	Methacholine produced a dose-dependent inhibition of somatostatin secretion; the inhibition was blocked by atropine.	Atropine	107-115	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	53-65
6778491-0	1980	[Inhibitory effects of atropine on serum prolactin levels after TRH stimulation].	Atropine	23-31	prolactin	Homo sapiens	41-50
7380197-5	1980	significantly enhanced the gastrin response to 700-ml distention at pH 5.0 (average gastrin rise 20 +/- 3 pg/ml, P less than 0.02 vs. 700 ml without atropine).	Atropine	149-157	gastrin	Homo sapiens	27-34
7380197-6	1980	This enhancement of gastrin release by atropine was not due to changes in intragastric pH, because pH was held constant at 5.0 by in vivo intragastric titration.	Atropine	39-47	gastrin	Homo sapiens	20-27
7380197-8	1980	Although atropine enhanced distention-induced gastrin release, atropine reduced acid secretion by more than 50% (P less than 0.05).	Atropine	9-17	gastrin	Homo sapiens	46-53
7380197-9	1980	Our findings indicate (a) that gastric distention releases significant amounts of gastrin in healthy subjects; (b) this gastrin response is resistant to inhibition by luminal acidification to pH 2.5 and (c) the gastrin response to distention is enhanced by atropine, suggesting that distention may also activate cholinergic pathways that inhibit gastrin release.	Atropine	257-265	gastrin	Homo sapiens	120-127
7380197-9	1980	Our findings indicate (a) that gastric distention releases significant amounts of gastrin in healthy subjects; (b) this gastrin response is resistant to inhibition by luminal acidification to pH 2.5 and (c) the gastrin response to distention is enhanced by atropine, suggesting that distention may also activate cholinergic pathways that inhibit gastrin release.	Atropine	257-265	gastrin	Homo sapiens	120-127
7380197-9	1980	Our findings indicate (a) that gastric distention releases significant amounts of gastrin in healthy subjects; (b) this gastrin response is resistant to inhibition by luminal acidification to pH 2.5 and (c) the gastrin response to distention is enhanced by atropine, suggesting that distention may also activate cholinergic pathways that inhibit gastrin release.	Atropine	257-265	gastrin	Homo sapiens	120-127
7380199-0	1980	Effects of carbachol and atropine on gastrin secretion and synthesis in rat antral organ culture.	Atropine	25-33	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	37-44
6103537-10	1980	Thus, the coexistence of two putative neurotransmitters, VIP and acetylcholine, in one neuron may explain the dual effector response (i.e., the cholinergic secretion and the atropine-resistant vasodilation) caused by nerve stimulation in exocrine glands.	Atropine	174-182	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	57-60
7380199-7	1980	However, carbachol-stimulated gastrin release was inhibited progressively by inclusion of increasing concentrations of atropine in the culture media.	Atropine	119-127	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	30-37
7353763-5	1980	A small dose of atropine (2.3 micrograms/kg) prevented the inhibition of gastrin release which had occurred at pH 2.5.	Atropine	16-24	gastrin	Homo sapiens	73-80
7353763-7	1980	These findings suggest that acid inhibition of sham feeding-stimulated gastrin release and gastric acid secretion is mediated by an atropine-sensitive pathway.	Atropine	132-140	gastrin	Homo sapiens	71-78
7381792-12	1980	The results are discussed in relation to the proposition that VIP is released from post-ganglionic parasympathetic neurones, in the submaxillary gland of the cat, and acts, as a transmitter, to cause vasodilatation, which is resistant to atropine.	Atropine	238-246	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Felis catus	62-65
6243110-6	1980	This study shows that enkephalin and morphine stimulate gastric acid secretion by a gastrin-independent mechanism sensitive to atropine and H2-blocker and probably involving opiate receptors.	Atropine	127-135	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	84-91
7351151-1	1980	Change in the magnitude of density dependence of the maximal expiratory flow (D/MEF) following inhalation of isoproterenol was used as a test for predicting the long term response to isoproterenol vs atropine in 24 adult patients with longstanding asthma.	Atropine	200-208	E74 like ETS transcription factor 4	Homo sapiens	80-83
6245997-3	1980	Plasma cyclic GMP rose slightly after exercise; the elevation was completely abolished by a simultaneous injection of atropine.	Atropine	118-126	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	14-17
6893892-13	1980	It was concluded that atropine had a complex effect on pancreatic secretion: it possibly decreased the CCK release in the first period after diversion but not later, and decreased the duodenopancreatic reflexes and other factors of the cholinergic tone.	Atropine	22-30	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
7351151-6	1980	An increase in D/MEF following isoproterenol can be used as a test to predict a better response to atropine than to isoproterenol over a one week period.	Atropine	99-107	E74 like ETS transcription factor 4	Homo sapiens	17-20
6767524-2	1980	Third ventricular injection of 20 or 100 microgram of atropine sulfate (2 microliter) significantly lowered plasma LH and Prl levels.	Atropine	54-70	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
6767524-4	1980	Intraventricular atropine blocked the action of Ach to elevate FSH and LH and to lower Prl.	Atropine	17-25	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
7190901-0	1980	The inhibiting effect of atropine on growth hormone release during exercise.	Atropine	25-33	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	37-51
6767524-5	1980	Intravenous pulse injection of atropine at a dose of 5 mg/kg suppressed plasma LH and Prl.	Atropine	31-39	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
6788407-0	1980	Inhibiting effect of atropine on prolactin blood levels after stimulation with TRH.	Atropine	21-29	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	79-82
7190901-1	1980	The effects of atropine upon changes in the circulating levels of growth hormone (GH), cortisol, lactate, glucose, and free fatty acids (FFA) were studied during exercise using both constant and progressively increasing work loads.	Atropine	15-23	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	66-80
7359428-0	1980	Atropine-resistant cephalic stimulation of gastrin release in dogs [proceedings].	Atropine	0-8	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	43-50
7398832-5	1980	The frequency facilitation following exposure to an AChE-inhibitor was blocked by atropine (1--100 muM).	Atropine	82-90	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
6993387-1	1980	V. Effects of atropine on plasma insulin.	Atropine	14-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
6993387-3	1980	Plasma-insulin concentrations decreased during oral glucose-tolerance test (OGTT), an effect which was more clearly seen after atropine administration.	Atropine	127-135	insulin	Homo sapiens	7-14
6993387-5	1980	Insulin secretion stimulated by the sight and smell of food (CIS) was more pronounced after training, this increase being abolished by atropine.	Atropine	135-143	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
7433514-0	1980	Antagonism of the gut-contracting effects of bombesin and neurotensin by opioid peptides, morphine, atropine or tetrodotoxin.	Atropine	100-108	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	45-53
7433514-0	1980	Antagonism of the gut-contracting effects of bombesin and neurotensin by opioid peptides, morphine, atropine or tetrodotoxin.	Atropine	100-108	neurotensin	Homo sapiens	58-69
7433514-1	1980	Morphine, met-enkephalin, beta-endorphin, tetrodotoxin (TTX), and atropine antagonized the gut-contracting effects of the peptides neurotensin and bombesin.	Atropine	66-74	neurotensin	Homo sapiens	131-142
7433514-1	1980	Morphine, met-enkephalin, beta-endorphin, tetrodotoxin (TTX), and atropine antagonized the gut-contracting effects of the peptides neurotensin and bombesin.	Atropine	66-74	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	147-155
6941379-3	1980	Serum gastrin response to sham-feeding was negative and it was enhanced by atropine but suppressed by pirenzepine.	Atropine	75-83	gastrin	Homo sapiens	6-13
517650-1	1979	The role of nerves that liberate vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the porcine pancrease as mediators of the atropine-resistant action of the vagus on flow and bicarbonate (HCO3) secretion was examined.	Atropine	118-126	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	68-71
517650-5	1979	The results support the view that VIP is transmitter in the vagally induced atropine-resistant water and HCO3 secretion from the porcine pancreas.	Atropine	76-84	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	34-37
510497-0	1979	Inhibitory effect of atropine on the isoprenaline-induced increase in vasopressin plasma concentration in rats.	Atropine	21-29	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	70-81
510497-1	1979	The isoprenaline-induced increase in plasma levels of vasopressin in conscious rats was reduced by intravenous and intracerebroventricular applications of atropine.	Atropine	155-163	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	54-65
467927-0	1979	Effects of atropine and bethanechol on bombesin-stimulated release of pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin in dog.	Atropine	11-19	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	70-92
503252-3	1979	The inhibitory effect of pilocarpine on the morphine-stimulated release of prolactin was antagonized by concurrent administration of atropine but not by atropine methylnitrate or by mecamylamine, while the inhibition by nicotine was antagonized by mecanylamine but not by atropine.	Atropine	133-141	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	75-84
497522-0	1979	Analysis of anomalous pKb values for metiamide and atropine in the isolated stomach of the mouse.	Atropine	51-59	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 2	Mus musculus	22-25
501615-8	1979	administration of atropine inhibited the pancreatic bicarbonate secretions stimulated by duodenal acidification or exogenous secretin.	Atropine	18-26	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	125-133
477734-3	1979	Atropine (0.1 micrometer) completely inhibited the contracting effect of neurotensin measured in the presence of neostigmine, whereas hexamethonium (0.1 micrometer) was without effect.	Atropine	0-8	neurotensin/neuromedin N	Cavia porcellus	73-84
111364-6	1979	Administration of atropine significantly (P less than 0.01) inhibited the release of CCK in the first 20 minutes.	Atropine	18-26	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	85-88
497002-0	1979	Some adjuncts to oxime-atropine therapy for organophosphate intoxication--their effects on acetylcholinesterase.	Atropine	23-31	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	91-111
508421-1	1979	The study of the human LES was performed with manometrical methods for atropine action on gastrine tachyphylaxis.	Atropine	71-79	fucosyltransferase 3 (Lewis blood group)	Homo sapiens	23-26
446418-5	1979	However, CCh pretreatment reduced and atropine pretreatment enhanced the TSH-induced BRI increase in such animals.	Atropine	38-46	integral membrane protein 2B	Mus musculus	85-88
490363-10	1979	The results are compatible with the hypothesis that the depressant effect of atropine on acid secretion produced by gastrin and its derivatives is due to the elimination of a cholinergic potentiating influence arising in the intramural plexuses.	Atropine	77-85	gastrin	Mustela putorius furo	116-123
470321-5	1979	The duration of Sd, Ss -- P and P -- A1 decreased after nitroglycerine and atropine administration but increased after benzodixin administration.	Atropine	75-83	PAXIP1 associated glutamate rich protein 1	Homo sapiens	32-39
449693-4	1979	Atropine pretreatment in five male control subjects significantly decreased basal hPP levels and completely abolished the response to MET.	Atropine	0-8	familial progressive hyperpigmentation 1	Homo sapiens	82-85
435691-17	1979	The possibility that VIP is released from parasympathetic vasodilator nerves and mediates the atropine-resistant vasodilatation in the dog submandibular gland is discussed.	Atropine	94-102	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	21-24
758136-4	1979	In the DU patients atropine or benzilonium, an antimuscarinic agent with minimal cerebral actions, reduced PP concentrations from 47 (8-220) to 28 (7-53) pmol/liter, n = 18, median and total range.	Atropine	19-27	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	107-109
758136-5	1979	In the control subjects atropine suppressed the PP concentrations from 17 (0-257) to 11 (0-41) pmol/liter, n = 15.	Atropine	24-32	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	48-50
34116-4	1979	Plasma GH levels were also drastically reduced by depletion of brain serotonin (SER) levels and by atropine, and were increased by blockade of the H1 histamine (HIS) receptor.	Atropine	99-107	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	7-9
119190-5	1979	Atropine applied to cells affected by both acetylcholine and TRH did not affect TRH responses although the acetylcholine actions were blocked.	Atropine	0-8	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
428690-6	1979	Atropine administration before feeding abolished the early peak in insulin.	Atropine	0-8	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	67-74
34866-5	1979	The secreto-vasomotor responses can be influenced by activation of these fibres and the atropine resistant vasodilatation seen following Vidian nerve stimulation thus may partly be due to activation and release of SP and VIP.	Atropine	88-96	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	214-216
34866-5	1979	The secreto-vasomotor responses can be influenced by activation of these fibres and the atropine resistant vasodilatation seen following Vidian nerve stimulation thus may partly be due to activation and release of SP and VIP.	Atropine	88-96	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	221-224
420287-5	1979	Atropine (100 microgram/kg iv) reduced serum gastrin in the vagotomized and increased it in the intact dogs.	Atropine	0-8	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	45-52
429555-0	1979	Effect of atropine on vagal release of gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide.	Atropine	10-18	gastrin	Homo sapiens	39-46
429555-1	1979	We studied the effect of several doses of atropine on the serum gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide responses to vagal stimulation in healthy human subjects.	Atropine	42-50	gastrin	Homo sapiens	64-71
429555-1	1979	We studied the effect of several doses of atropine on the serum gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide responses to vagal stimulation in healthy human subjects.	Atropine	42-50	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	76-98
429555-4	1979	Although a small dose of atropine (2.3 mug/kg) significantly inhibited the acid secretory response and completely abolished the pancreatic polypeptide response to sham feeding, this dose of atropine significantly enhanced the gastrin response.	Atropine	25-33	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	128-150
429555-4	1979	Although a small dose of atropine (2.3 mug/kg) significantly inhibited the acid secretory response and completely abolished the pancreatic polypeptide response to sham feeding, this dose of atropine significantly enhanced the gastrin response.	Atropine	190-198	gastrin	Homo sapiens	226-233
429555-5	1979	Higher atropine doses (7.0 and 21.0 mug/kg) had effects on gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide release which were similar to the 2.3-mug/kg dose.	Atropine	7-15	gastrin	Homo sapiens	59-66
429555-5	1979	Higher atropine doses (7.0 and 21.0 mug/kg) had effects on gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide release which were similar to the 2.3-mug/kg dose.	Atropine	7-15	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	71-93
429555-6	1979	Atropine (0.78 and 2.3 mug/kg) without sham feeding significantly inhibited basal acid secretion and also led to significant increases in serum gastrin above basal levels.	Atropine	0-8	gastrin	Homo sapiens	144-151
429555-7	1979	The gastrin response to sham feeding with 2.3 mug/kg atropine was significantly greater than the sum of the gastrin responses to sham feeding alone and to 2.3 mug/kg atropine alone, indicating potentiation of vagal gastrin release by atropine.	Atropine	53-61	gastrin	Homo sapiens	4-11
429555-8	1979	We conclude: (a) Unlike vagally mediated gastric acid secretion and pancreatic polypeptide release which can be blocked by atropine, vagal gastrin release is potentiated by atropine.	Atropine	123-131	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	68-90
429555-8	1979	We conclude: (a) Unlike vagally mediated gastric acid secretion and pancreatic polypeptide release which can be blocked by atropine, vagal gastrin release is potentiated by atropine.	Atropine	173-181	gastrin	Homo sapiens	139-146
429555-9	1979	This observation suggests the existence of a vagal-cholinergic pathway which normally (i.e., in the absence of atropine) inhibits gastrin release.	Atropine	111-119	gastrin	Homo sapiens	130-137
429555-10	1979	(b) Because atropine (without sham feeding) increased basal gastrin levels, it is likely that the cholinergic pathway which inhibits gastrin release is active even when the vagus nerve is not stimulated by sham feeding.	Atropine	12-20	gastrin	Homo sapiens	60-67
429555-10	1979	(b) Because atropine (without sham feeding) increased basal gastrin levels, it is likely that the cholinergic pathway which inhibits gastrin release is active even when the vagus nerve is not stimulated by sham feeding.	Atropine	12-20	gastrin	Homo sapiens	133-140
758846-5	1979	The octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-OP) caused a dose-dependent increase in antral and pyloric motor activity which was significantly decreased by atropine administration.	Atropine	151-159	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	19-34
758846-5	1979	The octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-OP) caused a dose-dependent increase in antral and pyloric motor activity which was significantly decreased by atropine administration.	Atropine	151-159	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	36-39
424691-4	1979	Atropine and tetrodotoxin markedly reduced the antral response to OP-CCK, while the fundal response was only slightly, but significantly, reduced.	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	69-72
441680-4	1979	The PP response to MSF was abolished by pretreatment with atropine, or benzilonium, a quarternary anti-muscarinic agent with minimal cerebral actions.	Atropine	58-66	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	4-6
727256-6	1978	Cholinergic interruption by atropine or vagotomy elevated endogenous serum gastrin concentrations, indicating that the observed DNA stimulation may be mediated by hypergastrinemia.	Atropine	28-36	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	75-82
359401-2	1978	Previous studies in man found that atropine infusion (12 microgram kg-1hr-1) inhibited the effect of gastrin on the LES, suggesting that this effect of gastrin is mediated by a cholinergic mechanism.	Atropine	35-43	gastrin	Homo sapiens	101-108
359401-2	1978	Previous studies in man found that atropine infusion (12 microgram kg-1hr-1) inhibited the effect of gastrin on the LES, suggesting that this effect of gastrin is mediated by a cholinergic mechanism.	Atropine	35-43	gastrin	Homo sapiens	152-159
696866-4	1978	After the injection of 25 microgram/kg atropine there was significant reduction in the early response (mean delta PP = 39 +/- 17 pmol/liter, P less than 0.05), but not the late (mean delta PP = 62 +/- 18 pmol/liter).	Atropine	39-47	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	114-116
696866-4	1978	After the injection of 25 microgram/kg atropine there was significant reduction in the early response (mean delta PP = 39 +/- 17 pmol/liter, P less than 0.05), but not the late (mean delta PP = 62 +/- 18 pmol/liter).	Atropine	39-47	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	189-191
696866-5	1978	After 100 microgram/kg atropine sulfate, the response was significantly reduced during both periods (mean delta PP = 5.5 +/- 5.2 and 20 +/- 8.8 pmol/liter, respectively, P less than 0.01).	Atropine	23-39	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	112-114
696866-8	1978	kg-1.h-1) caused a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in the plasma concentration (mean delta PP = 40.9 +/- 11.8 pmol/liter), which was abolished by pretreatment with atropine (mean delta PP = -2.9 +/- 2.1 pmol/liter).	Atropine	172-180	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	99-101
696866-8	1978	kg-1.h-1) caused a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in the plasma concentration (mean delta PP = 40.9 +/- 11.8 pmol/liter), which was abolished by pretreatment with atropine (mean delta PP = -2.9 +/- 2.1 pmol/liter).	Atropine	172-180	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	193-195
699961-7	1978	Atropine partially inhibited the Neurotensin-induced contraction in the guinea-pig ileum.	Atropine	0-8	neurotensin/neuromedin N	Cavia porcellus	33-44
669213-7	1978	Atropine in 40-, 250-, and 500-microgram per kg doses significantly but partially inhibited the response of the LES to substance P.	Atropine	0-8	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	119-130
400718-7	1978	In contrast, prior injection of atropine (1 mg iv) lowered basal hPP levels and reduced conspicuously the hPP response to 2-DG.	Atropine	32-40	familial progressive hyperpigmentation 1	Homo sapiens	65-68
400718-7	1978	In contrast, prior injection of atropine (1 mg iv) lowered basal hPP levels and reduced conspicuously the hPP response to 2-DG.	Atropine	32-40	familial progressive hyperpigmentation 1	Homo sapiens	106-109
690943-6	1978	The changes in plasma insulin and PP concentration were unaffected by prior section of the splanchnic nerves but were effectively abolished by atropine (0-2 mg/kg I.V.).	Atropine	143-151	insulin	Bos taurus	22-29
690943-6	1978	The changes in plasma insulin and PP concentration were unaffected by prior section of the splanchnic nerves but were effectively abolished by atropine (0-2 mg/kg I.V.).	Atropine	143-151	pancreatic polypeptide	Bos taurus	34-36
103722-1	1978	The effects of the intravenous administration of atropine or magnesium on pancreatic secretion which has been stimulated by secretin and induced hypercalcaemia have been studied in man.	Atropine	49-57	secretin	Homo sapiens	124-132
78236-0	1978	Atropine suppression test for pancreatic polypeptide.	Atropine	0-8	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	30-52
680495-8	1978	Atropine studies indicate that only part of the in vitro inotropic action of gastrin is caused by the release of acetylcholine from nerve terminals, but that the chronotropic action is attributable to a direct effect on the smooth muscle membrane.	Atropine	0-8	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	77-84
671346-14	1978	Prior treatment with atropine to suppress cholinergic effects inhibited most of the effects of VIP.	Atropine	21-29	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	95-98
216539-3	1978	A single dose of atropine given 24 h prior to sacrifice to not dehydrated animals resulted in a diminution of the vasopressin content in the neurohypophysis; in animals dehydrated for four days and parallely atropinized the decrease of the neurohypophyseal vasopressin content was, on the contrary, considerably inhibited.	Atropine	17-25	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	114-125
739703-5	1978	4) The peristaltic contractions induced by synthetic motilin were completely abolished by the administration of the atropine sulfate.	Atropine	116-132	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	53-60
738215-0	1978	Vasopressin release from incubated in situ posterior pituitary lobe after intraventricular injection of carbachol or atropine.	Atropine	117-125	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
738215-4	1978	Atropine was shown to be effective in preventing the vasopressin release caused by hypertonic solution.	Atropine	0-8	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	53-64
738215-5	1978	The effects of carbachol and atropine indicate that mediation at synapses in the nucleus supraopticus involved in the release of vasopressin induced by osmotic stimulation is cholinergic.	Atropine	29-37	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	129-140
273664-0	1978	Effect of atropine on the cardiovascular effects of ketamine HC1.	Atropine	10-18	CYCS pseudogene 39	Homo sapiens	61-64
700514-0	1978	[Effects of gamma-oryzanol and atropine on gastric secretion stimulated by insulin or 2-deoxy-D-glucose (author"s transl)].	Atropine	31-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	75-82
216539-3	1978	A single dose of atropine given 24 h prior to sacrifice to not dehydrated animals resulted in a diminution of the vasopressin content in the neurohypophysis; in animals dehydrated for four days and parallely atropinized the decrease of the neurohypophyseal vasopressin content was, on the contrary, considerably inhibited.	Atropine	17-25	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	257-268
752033-5	1978	We conclude that: 1) the rise in serum gastrin adter a meal preceeds the rise in serum GIP; 2) atropine potentiates the late gastrin response while suppressing the increase in serum GIP after a meal; and 3) the mechanism by which atropine potentiates gastrin release may be related to its suppressive effects on intestinal inhibitors of gastrin secretion, such as GIP.	Atropine	95-103	gastrin	Homo sapiens	125-132
25551-3	1978	NaF, at 1 and 5 mM, progressively increased this parameter while norepinephrine caused a similar effect at 10(-3) but not at 10(-6) M. Phentolamine (1 mM) blocked the stimulatory action of TSH; propranolol and atropine did not.	Atropine	210-218	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	0-3
631483-2	1978	Acetylcholine (10(-8) M) stimulated stimulated both pepsinogen (P less than 0.01) and IF (P less than 0.01) secretion and this stimulation was blocked by atropine.	Atropine	154-162	pepsin II-2/3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	52-62
752033-5	1978	We conclude that: 1) the rise in serum gastrin adter a meal preceeds the rise in serum GIP; 2) atropine potentiates the late gastrin response while suppressing the increase in serum GIP after a meal; and 3) the mechanism by which atropine potentiates gastrin release may be related to its suppressive effects on intestinal inhibitors of gastrin secretion, such as GIP.	Atropine	95-103	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	182-185
752033-5	1978	We conclude that: 1) the rise in serum gastrin adter a meal preceeds the rise in serum GIP; 2) atropine potentiates the late gastrin response while suppressing the increase in serum GIP after a meal; and 3) the mechanism by which atropine potentiates gastrin release may be related to its suppressive effects on intestinal inhibitors of gastrin secretion, such as GIP.	Atropine	230-238	gastrin	Homo sapiens	39-46
657758-1	1978	The use of atropine to block the effects of acetylcholine and pralidoxime chloride to restore cholinesterase in the blood, along with supportative therapy, intravenous fluids, and oxygen, prevented death in five cases of intentional ingestion of 25% diazinon.	Atropine	11-19	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	94-108
626919-6	1978	In the presence of the muscarinic antagonist, atropine, acetylcholine stimulated dopamine release, whereas in the presence of the nicotinic antagonists, hexamethonium (0.2 mM) or alpha-bungaro-toxin (0.188 muM), acetylcholine inhibited dopamine release.	Atropine	46-54	latexin	Homo sapiens	206-209
620895-4	1978	Unlike the gastrin peptide analogue caerulein, the effects of which were mediated through the release of acetylcholine from the enteric plexuses, the site of action of substance P appeared to be directly on the muscle cells because its effects were resistant to atropine, tetrodotoxin, and Lioresal.	Atropine	262-270	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	168-179
641155-2	1978	The PP response to hypoglycemia was diminished by atropine in normal subjects (P < 0.005) and completely abolished by vagotomy in the duodenal ulcer patients.	Atropine	50-58	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	4-6
641155-5	1978	Atropine inhibited the PP response to electrical stimulation.	Atropine	0-8	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	23-25
675146-3	1978	In addition the influence of atropin (0.5 mg/kg/h) on acid-induced PP response was examined.	Atropine	29-36	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	67-69
641155-10	1978	Atropine completely abolished this response.The results of the present study together with the previously demonstrated poor PP response to food in vagotomized patients, indicate that vagal, cholinergic stimulation is a major regulator of PP secretion.	Atropine	0-8	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	124-126
641155-10	1978	Atropine completely abolished this response.The results of the present study together with the previously demonstrated poor PP response to food in vagotomized patients, indicate that vagal, cholinergic stimulation is a major regulator of PP secretion.	Atropine	0-8	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	238-240
752033-0	1978	Effect of atropine on meal-stimulated gastrin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) release.	Atropine	10-18	gastrin	Homo sapiens	38-45
752033-3	1978	However, when atropine was given before feeding serum gastrin concentrations from 75 to 120 min postcibal were significantly higher (P less than 0.04) than after the meal alone.	Atropine	14-22	gastrin	Homo sapiens	54-61
752033-4	1978	The normal meal-stimulated rise in serum GIP was almost completely inhibited by atropine.	Atropine	80-88	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	41-44
752033-5	1978	We conclude that: 1) the rise in serum gastrin adter a meal preceeds the rise in serum GIP; 2) atropine potentiates the late gastrin response while suppressing the increase in serum GIP after a meal; and 3) the mechanism by which atropine potentiates gastrin release may be related to its suppressive effects on intestinal inhibitors of gastrin secretion, such as GIP.	Atropine	95-103	gastrin	Homo sapiens	39-46
752033-5	1978	We conclude that: 1) the rise in serum gastrin adter a meal preceeds the rise in serum GIP; 2) atropine potentiates the late gastrin response while suppressing the increase in serum GIP after a meal; and 3) the mechanism by which atropine potentiates gastrin release may be related to its suppressive effects on intestinal inhibitors of gastrin secretion, such as GIP.	Atropine	95-103	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	87-90
752033-5	1978	We conclude that: 1) the rise in serum gastrin adter a meal preceeds the rise in serum GIP; 2) atropine potentiates the late gastrin response while suppressing the increase in serum GIP after a meal; and 3) the mechanism by which atropine potentiates gastrin release may be related to its suppressive effects on intestinal inhibitors of gastrin secretion, such as GIP.	Atropine	95-103	gastrin	Homo sapiens	125-132
752033-5	1978	We conclude that: 1) the rise in serum gastrin adter a meal preceeds the rise in serum GIP; 2) atropine potentiates the late gastrin response while suppressing the increase in serum GIP after a meal; and 3) the mechanism by which atropine potentiates gastrin release may be related to its suppressive effects on intestinal inhibitors of gastrin secretion, such as GIP.	Atropine	95-103	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	182-185
752033-5	1978	We conclude that: 1) the rise in serum gastrin adter a meal preceeds the rise in serum GIP; 2) atropine potentiates the late gastrin response while suppressing the increase in serum GIP after a meal; and 3) the mechanism by which atropine potentiates gastrin release may be related to its suppressive effects on intestinal inhibitors of gastrin secretion, such as GIP.	Atropine	95-103	gastrin	Homo sapiens	125-132
70437-4	1977	Acetylcholine (10(-7) to 10(-11) M) produced parallel increases in both cyclic GMP and the immunologic release of mediators; the muscarinic blocking agent atropine prevented both responses.	Atropine	155-163	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	79-82
909073-1	1977	Antibodies, against atropine, were produced in rabbits immunized with atropine conjugated to bovine serum albumin.	Atropine	20-28	albumin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	100-113
909073-1	1977	Antibodies, against atropine, were produced in rabbits immunized with atropine conjugated to bovine serum albumin.	Atropine	70-78	albumin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	100-113
200297-3	1977	Atropine (0.14 muM) reduced the secretion of amylase but did not abolish the effect.5 Adenylate cyclase prepared from cat pancreas, was stimulated by the octapeptide of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin, secretin and sodium fluoride.6 Alloxanate strongly inhibited both basal and hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity.	Atropine	0-8	latexin	Homo sapiens	15-18
897855-0	1977	Effect of atropine and metoclopramide on serum gastrin response to protein in patients with duodenal ulcers.	Atropine	10-18	gastrin	Homo sapiens	47-54
873115-0	1977	Effect of atropine on food-stimulated gastrin release after truncal vagotomy in man.	Atropine	10-18	gastrin	Homo sapiens	38-45
873115-1	1977	Studies have been performed on man after truncal vagotomy to ascertain the effect of 1.2 mg of atropine sulfate on basal and postprandial immunoreactive gastrin.	Atropine	95-111	gastrin	Homo sapiens	153-160
873115-2	1977	Atropine had no effect on basal gastrin, but it caused a significant increase in both the peak postprandial gastrin (135 to 240 pg per ml without the 139 to 308 pg per ml with atropine) and the integrated gastrin response (10.2 and 15.5 ng-min per ml over 2 hr respectively).	Atropine	0-8	gastrin	Homo sapiens	108-115
873115-2	1977	Atropine had no effect on basal gastrin, but it caused a significant increase in both the peak postprandial gastrin (135 to 240 pg per ml without the 139 to 308 pg per ml with atropine) and the integrated gastrin response (10.2 and 15.5 ng-min per ml over 2 hr respectively).	Atropine	0-8	gastrin	Homo sapiens	108-115
855673-4	1977	Possible explanations of the atropine resistance of the vagal gastrin release mechanism are discussed.	Atropine	29-37	LOC105260099	Felis catus	62-69
319658-6	1977	Gastrin release from the innervated antrum by 2-DG was several times greater than in controls and was atropine sensitive.	Atropine	102-110	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	0-7
1071602-7	1976	Blood pressure was normalized by "total" autonomic blockade (atropine plus propranolol plus phentolamine) in the hypertensive subjects with elevated plasma renin activity.	Atropine	61-69	renin	Homo sapiens	156-161
876400-4	1977	d-Tubocurarine (2.0 micrometer) attenuated the augmenting effect of atropine on NA release at all frequencies of stimulation whereas it negated the significant effect of atropine on DBH release.	Atropine	170-178	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	182-185
1036650-0	1976	The effect of atropine on the insulin release caused by oral and intravenous glucose in human subjects.	Atropine	14-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	30-37
1036650-2	1976	Insulin release after oral glucose was significantly diminished by atropine, and this effect could not be ascribed to the drug delaying glucose absorption.	Atropine	67-75	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
1017712-4	1976	Atropine 30 mug/kg completely abolished the effect of the lower doses of motilin.	Atropine	0-8	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	73-80
1017712-7	1976	Hexamethonium and atropine together completely abolished the LES response to motilin.	Atropine	18-26	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	77-84
135619-0	1976	[Effects of atropine sulfate on the hypothalamic LH-RH cells of the guinea-pig].	Atropine	12-28	progonadoliberin-1	Cavia porcellus	49-54
135619-1	1976	A single 30 mg/kg., s.c. injection of atropine sulfate into male guinea pigs produces a storage of LH-RH immunoreactive material in hypothalamic neurons.	Atropine	38-54	progonadoliberin-1	Cavia porcellus	99-104
135619-3	1976	The LH-RH immunoreactive neuronal increase, in male may be related to an atropine blockade of LH-RH portal cession, perhaps via infundibular dopaminergic neurons.	Atropine	73-81	progonadoliberin-1	Cavia porcellus	4-9
135619-3	1976	The LH-RH immunoreactive neuronal increase, in male may be related to an atropine blockade of LH-RH portal cession, perhaps via infundibular dopaminergic neurons.	Atropine	73-81	progonadoliberin-1	Cavia porcellus	94-99
954668-5	1976	However, when atropine was injected prior to pilocarpine, it prevented the reduction in serum prolactin by the latter drug.	Atropine	14-22	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	94-103
937392-3	1976	In an effort to prevent post-PCB bradycardia, atropine was given in the maternal paracervical area and also intravenously.	Atropine	46-54	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	29-32
1269867-0	1976	After vagotomy atropine suppresses gastrin release by food.	Atropine	15-23	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	35-42
1269867-4	1976	After vagotomy the gastrin response to feeding was greatly enhanced, but now atropine depressed the gastrin response at all times after the meal.	Atropine	77-85	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	100-107
950608-13	1976	Atropine and the growth hormone-release inhibiting hormone (GH-RIH), which were shown to inhibit the release of CCK induced by duodenal perfusion of an amino acid mixture, also caused the inhibition of pancreatic protein secretion by bombesin but failed to affect the pancreatic response to OP-CCK.	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	112-115
950608-13	1976	Atropine and the growth hormone-release inhibiting hormone (GH-RIH), which were shown to inhibit the release of CCK induced by duodenal perfusion of an amino acid mixture, also caused the inhibition of pancreatic protein secretion by bombesin but failed to affect the pancreatic response to OP-CCK.	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	294-297
1259480-6	1976	Atropine 0.2 mg/kg abolished the insulin response and at 0.4 mg/kg inhibited (50%) the enzyme response to cholecystokinin; these effects were unaltered by antrectomy or antroneurolysis.	Atropine	0-8	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	33-40
1259480-9	1976	The inhibitio- by atropine suggests that a cholinergic background exerts a permissive effect on CCK-mediated enzyme secretion.	Atropine	18-26	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	96-99
1032570-3	1976	In the first study, involving 22 patients with borderline hypertension, patients with elevated plasma renin levels showed normalization of the blood pressure after pharmacological autonomic blockade with intravenous atropine, propranolol and phentolamine, the time course of the pressure fall being such as to exclude suppression of renin release as the antihypertensive mechanism.	Atropine	216-224	renin	Homo sapiens	102-107
985773-0	1976	Atropine-induced inhibition of the enhanced CCK release observed in alcoholic dogs.	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	44-47
1217597-0	1975	[Effects of atropine sulfate and euphylline on the feta cardiac activity in complicated pregnancy].	Atropine	12-28	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8B5, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	51-55
181685-5	1976	Pretreatment with atropine was only effective in blocking cyclic GMP rise and tremor induced by oxotremorine and picrotoxin.	Atropine	18-26	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Mus musculus	65-68
1208542-3	1975	The potent insulin secretory response elicited by acetylcholine during the 60-min period was abolished 0y 25 muM atropine.	Atropine	113-121	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	11-18
808062-0	1975	The effect of atropine on insulin release caused by intravenous glucose in the rhesus monkey.	Atropine	14-22	insulin	Macaca mulatta	26-33
808062-6	1975	Both phases of insulin release were inhibited by atropine.	Atropine	49-57	insulin	Macaca mulatta	15-22
808062-9	1975	It is suggested that the delayed rate of disappearance of glucose from the circulation is the result of inhibition of insulin release by atropine.	Atropine	137-145	insulin	Macaca mulatta	118-125
235480-0	1975	Atropine enhances serum gastrin response to insulin in man.	Atropine	0-8	gastrin	Homo sapiens	24-31
235480-0	1975	Atropine enhances serum gastrin response to insulin in man.	Atropine	0-8	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
1151640-1	1975	NMR was used to study the binding of acetylcholine, atropine, and physostigmine to acetylcholinesterase.	Atropine	52-60	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	83-103
1151640-4	1975	The dissociation constant, KD and the linewidth of the acetylcholinesterase-inhibitor complex, increment v bound, for atropine and physostigmine can be estimated from the linewidth changes of the N-methyl and phenyl group resonances of atropine and from the N-methyl and C-methyl group resonances of physostigmine resulting from association with the enzyme.	Atropine	118-126	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	55-75
1151640-4	1975	The dissociation constant, KD and the linewidth of the acetylcholinesterase-inhibitor complex, increment v bound, for atropine and physostigmine can be estimated from the linewidth changes of the N-methyl and phenyl group resonances of atropine and from the N-methyl and C-methyl group resonances of physostigmine resulting from association with the enzyme.	Atropine	236-244	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	55-75
1261767-5	1976	Atropine, 0.1 mg per kg intravenously 5 min before feeding, depressed both acid secretion and the increase in serum gastrin concentration during the 1st postprandial hr.	Atropine	0-8	LOC105260099	Felis catus	116-123
1261767-6	1976	In both the control and atropine experiments, acid secretion and serum gastrin level were correlated significantly during the 1st postprandial hr, but no correlation was found later in the experiments.	Atropine	24-32	LOC105260099	Felis catus	71-78
1261767-9	1976	Atropine reduces the HP acid response to feeding at least in part by depressing the release of gastrin.	Atropine	0-8	LOC105260099	Felis catus	95-102
240802-9	1975	The parasympatholytic drug, atropine (0.6 mg iv) decreased MTTR"s for at least 3 h. Inhalation of the sympathomimetic drug, Th1165a increased MTTR"s.	Atropine	28-36	mitochondrially encoded tRNA arginine	Homo sapiens	59-63
240802-9	1975	The parasympatholytic drug, atropine (0.6 mg iv) decreased MTTR"s for at least 3 h. Inhalation of the sympathomimetic drug, Th1165a increased MTTR"s.	Atropine	28-36	mitochondrially encoded tRNA arginine	Homo sapiens	142-146
1227649-5	1975	A conclusion was drawn that the pharmacological effect of NVP when the latter was applied in combination with atropine and armine could be connected with the anti-Cha action and the inhibition of the newly-formed Ach, rather than with depression of the microsomal enzymes.	Atropine	110-118	choline acetyltransferase	Mus musculus	163-166
1175535-2	1975	Inhibition of the early reflectoric phase of plasma insulin increase through atropine].	Atropine	77-85	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	52-59
1106095-3	1975	The effect of atropine (constant dose) and methoxime (different doses) on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in four parts of the mouse brain following isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate intoxication was described.	Atropine	14-22	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	74-94
234675-6	1975	This suggests that, using this model, vagal release of gastrin, if cholinergic, is highly resistant to atropine.	Atropine	103-111	gastrin	Homo sapiens	55-62
236060-1	1975	1 Vasodilator responses to histamine, bradykinin and sympathetic nerve stimulation were elicited in the perfused paw of dogs treated with bretylium (15-20 mg/kg) and atropine.	Atropine	166-174	kininogen 1	Canis lupus familiaris	38-48
165733-5	1975	The maximum response of LES muscle to CCK was antagonized only by atropine and tetrodotoxin, but not by other antagonists, suggesting that CCK contracts LES muscle by acetylcholine release.	Atropine	66-74	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	38-41
165733-5	1975	The maximum response of LES muscle to CCK was antagonized only by atropine and tetrodotoxin, but not by other antagonists, suggesting that CCK contracts LES muscle by acetylcholine release.	Atropine	66-74	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	139-142
1109899-7	1975	Pretreatment with atropine inhibited the basal output of glucagon and insulin, but the response of insulin output to splanchnic stimulation was not suppressed, thus excluding the possibility that activation of aberrant parasympathetic nerve fibers located in the splanchnic nerve would be responsible for the delayed increase in insulin  release.	Atropine	18-26	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	70-77
1119306-0	1975	Proceedings: Inhibition of acid and gastrin response to feeding by atropine in cats.	Atropine	67-75	LOC105260099	Felis catus	36-43
1079076-4	1975	Acetylcholine (1-5 pg) caused a dose-dependent release of CRH which was antagonized by hexamethonium (1-10ng) and partially antagonized by atropine (300 pg).	Atropine	139-147	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
1242393-2	1975	Homatropine methylbromide was unable to block the spontaneous increase of LH but prevented the prolactin surge in pro-oestrous rats at doses of 450 and 700 mg/kg s.c. Atropine sulphate blocked both LH and PRL at doses of 450 and 700 mg/kg s.c.	Atropine	167-184	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	95-104
1242393-2	1975	Homatropine methylbromide was unable to block the spontaneous increase of LH but prevented the prolactin surge in pro-oestrous rats at doses of 450 and 700 mg/kg s.c. Atropine sulphate blocked both LH and PRL at doses of 450 and 700 mg/kg s.c.	Atropine	167-184	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	205-208
1242393-5	1975	Our findings suggest that the difference in action of systemic injections of atropine and homatropine on LH and PRL release is explained by a relatively low permeability of homatropine to the brain.	Atropine	77-85	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
235785-0	1975	The effect of atropine and vagotomy on the secretion of gastric intrinsic factor (IF) in man.	Atropine	14-22	cobalamin binding intrinsic factor	Homo sapiens	56-80
235785-3	1975	An increase of plasma gastrin concentration from the basal value was observed after injection of atropine alone.	Atropine	97-105	gastrin	Homo sapiens	22-29
4454995-0	1974	Effect of atropine on hypoglycemic release of gastrin in man.	Atropine	10-18	gastrin	Homo sapiens	46-53
4451816-2	1974	Gastrin response was correlated with the dose of bombesin from approximately 0.1 mug kg(-1) h(-1) (threshold) to 1 mug kg(-1) h(-1) (maximum gastrin release).2 Atropine and metiamide reduced or inhibited gastric acid secretion stimulated by bombesin, but did not affect the rise in gastrin levels.3 Acidification of the whole stomach or of a perfused antral pouch caused a reduced or delayed response to bombesin.	Atropine	160-168	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	0-7
4851606-0	1974	Effect of atropine on gastrin and gastric acid response to peptone meal.	Atropine	10-18	gastrin	Homo sapiens	22-29
4495032-0	1974	Choline acetyltransferase activity in rat salivary glands after cellulose rich diet or treatment with an atropine-like drug.	Atropine	105-113	choline O-acetyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	0-25
4856811-0	1974	Effect of atropine on basal and food-stimulated serum gastrin levels in man.	Atropine	10-18	gastrin	Homo sapiens	54-61
4447857-0	1974	Atropine-resistant effects of the muscarinic agonists McN-A-343 and AHR 602 on cardiac performance and the release of noradrenaline from sympathetic nerves of the perfused rabbit heart.	Atropine	0-8	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	68-71
4219941-0	1974	Changes in cholinesterase activity in white rats, after several injections of TMB-4 and atropine, following treatment with parathion.	Atropine	88-96	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	11-25
4818390-0	1974	Effect of atropine on plasma concentration of gastrin in fasting subjects.	Atropine	10-18	gastrin	Homo sapiens	46-53
4365701-4	1973	Atropine abolishes the effects of carbamylcholine and acetylcholine but does not modify that of insulin, indicating that the ability of insulin to regulate cyclic GMP levels is not mediated by cholinergic receptors.	Atropine	0-8	insulin	Homo sapiens	136-143
4365701-4	1973	Atropine abolishes the effects of carbamylcholine and acetylcholine but does not modify that of insulin, indicating that the ability of insulin to regulate cyclic GMP levels is not mediated by cholinergic receptors.	Atropine	0-8	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	163-166
4777136-0	1973	[Effect of atropine on the basal and insulin-stimulated gastric secretion in patients with peptic ulcer].	Atropine	11-19	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
4575230-0	1973	[Influence of atropine on the insulin secretion in man induced by intestinal hormones].	Atropine	14-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	30-37
4343961-4	1972	The increase in the tissue content of cyclic GMP induced by acetylcholine and its muscarinic analogs was antagonized by atropine, a muscarinic blocking agent, but not by hexamethonium, a nicotinic blocking agent.	Atropine	120-128	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	45-48
4658695-0	1972	Cholinesterase levels in diazinon poisoning and after atropine treatment.	Atropine	54-62	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	0-14
5083615-2	1972	A study by nuclear magnetic resonance of the acceleration of acetylcholinesterase by atropine and inhibition by eserine.	Atropine	85-93	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	61-81
5085235-10	1972	The muscarinic compounds (except AHR 602 and McN-A-343) each produce atropine-sensitive inhibition of noradrenaline release evoked both by SNS and DMPP although it is likely that furtrethonium and pilocarpine have additional non-muscarinic inhibitory activity against DMPP.	Atropine	69-77	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	33-36
5014108-8	1972	Atropine sulphate I.M., and hydrochloric acid orally, produced a significant fall in the level of circulating gastrin.	Atropine	0-17	gastrin	Homo sapiens	110-117
5110203-0	1971	[Effect of atropine and trimedoxime on the acetylcholinesterase activity in some parts of the mouse brain].	Atropine	11-19	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	43-63
765884-12	1975	These data indicate: (1) that from HFs incubated in vitro, Ach is able to release a factor (most probably LH-RH) which increases the secretion of LH from AP tissue; (2) that this effect of Ach follows the general rules of cholinergic systems (blockade by atropine, potentiation by prostigmine, etc.	Atropine	255-263	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-111
5578517-0	1971	Effect of atropine on pancreatic responses to endogenous and exogenous secretin.	Atropine	10-18	secretin	Homo sapiens	71-79
4938464-5	1971	A plateau secretion of acid obtained by infusion of submaximal doses of hog gastrin II, was significantly inhibited by atropine in the Pavlov and the Heidenhain pouch.5.	Atropine	119-127	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	76-83
4328180-1	1971	The binding of atropine and eserine to acetylcholinesterase.	Atropine	15-23	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	39-59
4323118-0	1971	Corticotropin and vasopressin secretion after hypothalamic implantation of atropine.	Atropine	75-83	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	18-29
5089711-0	1971	Inhibition of gastrin-induced gastric secretion by atropine in innervated and denervated pouches in the conscious rat.	Atropine	51-59	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	14-21
5101395-0	1971	The effect of atropine on plasma gastrin response to feeding.	Atropine	14-22	gastrin	Homo sapiens	33-40
5579460-2	1971	In cortical slices from rat brain incubated in a medium containing the irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor, soman (0.005 mM) and a high concentration of KCl (25 mM), atropine exerts a stimulating action on the release of acetylcholine (ACh).2.	Atropine	168-176	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	84-98
5579460-2	1971	In cortical slices from rat brain incubated in a medium containing the irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor, soman (0.005 mM) and a high concentration of KCl (25 mM), atropine exerts a stimulating action on the release of acetylcholine (ACh).2.	Atropine	168-176	acyl-CoA thioesterase 1	Rattus norvegicus	223-244
5158190-0	1971	[Atropine inhibition of gastric secretion in rats stimulated with exogenous or endogenous gastrin].	Atropine	1-9	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	90-97
4295146-1	1968	Anterior hypothalamic implantations of crystalline atropine markedly inhibit the adrenocortical responses evoked by surgical stress, ether anesthesia, or intravenolus injection of arginine vasopressin.	Atropine	51-59	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	189-200
5360944-0	1969	[Effect of atropine on post-histamine and post-gastrin gastric secretion in duodenal ulcer before vagotomy with pyloroplasty and following surgery].	Atropine	11-19	gastrin	Homo sapiens	47-54
4390359-0	1969	Atropine inhibition of insulin-, histamine-, and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric electrolyte and pepsin secretion in the dog.	Atropine	0-8	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	23-30
5007463-0	1972	Antagonism of erythropoietin production in rabbits by atropine.	Atropine	54-62	erythropoietin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	14-28
5883118-0	1965	[On the effect of atropine on the insulin blood sugar curve in diabetic patients].	Atropine	18-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
5633534-0	1967	[Blocking effect of atropine on fibrinolysis induced by acetylcholine and bradykinin].	Atropine	20-28	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	74-84
13653156-0	1959	[Effect of subcutaneous administration of atropine sulfate on phase activity of serum cholinesterase].	Atropine	42-58	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	86-100
14450082-0	1961	The neutralization of cholinesterase inhibition by various oximes and by atropine.	Atropine	73-81	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	22-36
13940396-0	1962	The influence of acetylcholine on the binding of atropine to bovine serum albumin.	Atropine	49-57	albumin	Homo sapiens	68-81
13940397-0	1962	The binding of atropine to bovine serum albumin.	Atropine	15-23	albumin	Homo sapiens	34-47
13420639-0	1956	The inhibitory effect of atropine and benzedrine on the liberation of antidiuretic hormone.	Atropine	25-33	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	70-90
33850520-7	2021	Acetylcholinesterase activity (P<0.01) and mRNA expression (P<0.01), as well as AChR mRNA levels (P<0.05) significantly decreased following atropine treatment.	Atropine	140-148	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	0-20
13747325-1	1960	In experiments on mice treated with pralidoxime iodide (pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide; PAM) and atropine, the cholinesterase activity in the brain was assayed after poisoning with very high doses of organophosphorous anticholinesterases.	Atropine	97-105	butyrylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	111-125
13747325-5	1960	It is concluded that mice can survive complete inactivation of the cholinesterase in the central nervous system, if enough atropine is given to protect the animals against the toxic effects of the accumulating acetylcholine.	Atropine	123-131	butyrylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	67-81
34021245-4	2021	Finally, cholinergic activation of the vasopressin system contributes to vasopressin-dependent social discrimination, since recognition of a known rat was blocked by bulbar infusion of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist atropine and rescued by additional bulbar application of vasopressin.	Atropine	234-242	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	39-50
34021245-4	2021	Finally, cholinergic activation of the vasopressin system contributes to vasopressin-dependent social discrimination, since recognition of a known rat was blocked by bulbar infusion of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist atropine and rescued by additional bulbar application of vasopressin.	Atropine	234-242	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	73-84
34021245-4	2021	Finally, cholinergic activation of the vasopressin system contributes to vasopressin-dependent social discrimination, since recognition of a known rat was blocked by bulbar infusion of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist atropine and rescued by additional bulbar application of vasopressin.	Atropine	234-242	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	73-84
13062582-0	1953	[Atropine interference of prostigmine effect on human blood cholinesterase].	Atropine	1-9	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	60-75
14879896-0	1951	Observations on the effect of orally administered atropine on the gastric response to insulin in patients with duodenal ulcer.	Atropine	50-58	insulin	Homo sapiens	86-93
33691248-10	2021	MMP-2 mRNA expression in mouse sclera was lower after treatment with atropine, marimastat, batimastat, or doxycycline.	Atropine	69-77	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	0-5
33469859-10	2021	(4) Pretreatment of atropine and the M3 receptor antagonist 4-DAMP blocked the effects of IES on GLP-1, GIP, and blood glucose.	Atropine	20-28	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	97-102
33469859-10	2021	(4) Pretreatment of atropine and the M3 receptor antagonist 4-DAMP blocked the effects of IES on GLP-1, GIP, and blood glucose.	Atropine	20-28	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	104-107
33910290-6	2021	There was a correlation between hemoperfusion (r=-0.644) , atropine dosage (r=0.498) , chlorophosphorus dosage (r=0.432) and the time of serum ChE activity recovered to 50% lower limit of normal value, in which hemoperfusion was significantly negatively correlated with the time of serum ChE activity recovered to 50% lower limit of normal value (beta=-4.222, P<0.05) .	Atropine	59-67	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	143-146
33691248-11	2021	The protein levels and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-7 were significantly reduced after treatment with atropine, marimastat, batimastat, doxycycline, and minocycline.	Atropine	99-107	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	35-40
33691248-11	2021	The protein levels and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-7 were significantly reduced after treatment with atropine, marimastat, batimastat, doxycycline, and minocycline.	Atropine	99-107	matrix metallopeptidase 7	Mus musculus	45-50
33221011-5	2021	The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory was detected by 13 mug/L chlorpyrifos and could be reversed by the co-exposure of 100 and 1000 mug/L anticholinergic agent atropine.	Atropine	166-174	acetylcholinesterase	Danio rerio	4-24
33221011-5	2021	The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory was detected by 13 mug/L chlorpyrifos and could be reversed by the co-exposure of 100 and 1000 mug/L anticholinergic agent atropine.	Atropine	166-174	acetylcholinesterase	Danio rerio	26-30
33708959-10	2021	The effects were abolished by atropine and the selective M1 mAChR antagonist pirenzepine in OGD-induced PRNs suggesting an indirect M1 mAChR-mediated effect via inhibiting AChE activity to increase endogenous ACh level.	Atropine	30-38	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	172-176
32065420-9	2020	The CCH-induced protein expression of COL1, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2, however, was obviously reduced by the pretreatment of muscarinic receptor antagonists, atropine, and M3 -preferring antagonist (1,1-dimethyl-4-diphenyl-acetoxypiperidinium iodide [4-DAMP]).	Atropine	151-159	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	44-50
32653763-5	2020	The LOQs for atropine and scopolamine were around 0.4 and 1.2 microg/kg in cereal products, and in tea and herbal infusions, respectively.	Atropine	13-21	TARBP2 subunit of RISC loading complex	Homo sapiens	4-8
33521988-4	2021	The non-compartmental pharmacokinetic study of atropine performed in one patient highlighted that systemic absorption of sublingual atropine was effective (Cmax (1h) = 2.2 ng ml-1 ; approximately) after a single dose of 1mg.	Atropine	132-140	interleukin 17F	Homo sapiens	175-179
33035510-11	2020	The orexin-A-induced reduction of lethality was significantly blocked by atropine or surgical vagotomy.	Atropine	73-81	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	4-12
33054164-8	2020	Interestingly, our molecular docking analysis revealed that atropine and scopolamine interact with the His288 residue of NS3 protein, a crucial residue for RNA unwinding and ATPase activity that was further confirmed by degradation of NS3 protein.	Atropine	60-68	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	121-124
33054164-8	2020	Interestingly, our molecular docking analysis revealed that atropine and scopolamine interact with the His288 residue of NS3 protein, a crucial residue for RNA unwinding and ATPase activity that was further confirmed by degradation of NS3 protein.	Atropine	60-68	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	235-238
32065420-9	2020	The CCH-induced protein expression of COL1, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2, however, was obviously reduced by the pretreatment of muscarinic receptor antagonists, atropine, and M3 -preferring antagonist (1,1-dimethyl-4-diphenyl-acetoxypiperidinium iodide [4-DAMP]).	Atropine	151-159	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2	Homo sapiens	56-62
32848771-2	2020	The association between SCN10A/voltage-gated sodium channel 1.8 (NaV1.8) and cardiac conduction has been demonstrated; however, the exact role of SCN10A/NaV1.8 in the heart rate response to atropine remains unclear.	Atropine	190-198	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type X, alpha	Mus musculus	146-152
32310006-6	2020	These agents most likely provided a survival benefit and improved haemodynamics.Atropine: Multiple intravenous boluses of atropine were associated with improvement in heart rate and blood pressure in one case report.Calcium: Intravenous calcium was associated with an improvement in haemodynamics in three out of six case reports but in association with multiple other therapies as well as in two animal studies.High-dose insulin euglycaemic therapy: The use of this therapy was associated with mortality benefit in 10 case series.	Atropine	122-130	insulin	Homo sapiens	422-429
32442542-8	2020	Carbachol potently attenuated LPS-induced intestinal hyperpermeability, and atropine or bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy prevented the improvement of intestinal hyperpermeability by central ghrelin.	Atropine	76-84	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	193-200
32848771-2	2020	The association between SCN10A/voltage-gated sodium channel 1.8 (NaV1.8) and cardiac conduction has been demonstrated; however, the exact role of SCN10A/NaV1.8 in the heart rate response to atropine remains unclear.	Atropine	190-198	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type X, alpha	Mus musculus	153-159
32848771-3	2020	To identify the role of SCN10A variants that influence the heart rate responses to atropine, we carried out a retrospective study in 1,005 Han Chinese subjects.	Atropine	83-91	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type X, alpha	Mus musculus	24-30
32848771-5	2020	The heart rate responses to atropine and methoctramine in NaV1.8 knockout mice were lower, whereas the heart rate response to isoproterenol was like those in wild type mice.	Atropine	28-36	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type X, alpha	Mus musculus	58-64
32848771-6	2020	Furthermore, we observed that the NaV1.8 blocker A-803467 alleviated the heart rate response to atropine in wild type mice.	Atropine	96-104	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type X, alpha	Mus musculus	34-40
32848771-7	2020	The retrospective study revealed a previously unknown role of NaV1.8 in controlling the heart rate response to atropine, as shown by the animal study, a speculative mechanism that may involve the cardiac muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2.	Atropine	111-119	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type X, alpha	Mus musculus	62-68
32401822-7	2020	In response to atropine, this subpopulation has both common SSS phenotypic traits that are shared with the Tg(SCN5A-D1275N) model, such as bradycardia; and unique SSS phenotypic traits, such as increased QRS/P ratio and chronotropic incompetence.	Atropine	15-23	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5	Homo sapiens	110-115
32260532-5	2020	RESULTS: Atropine and 7-methyl-xanthine stimulated collagen I and fibronectin production in scleral fibroblasts, while they inhibited their production in choroidal fibroblasts.	Atropine	9-17	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	66-77
32168243-2	2020	We demonstrate that dilation with either atropine or phenylephrine results in similar enhancements of rod/cone- and melanopsin-driven pupil responses.	Atropine	41-49	kinetochore associated 1	Homo sapiens	102-105
32281011-5	2020	RESULTS: We found the activity of caspases and serum MDA and TAC were significantly increased after OP poisoning and decreased after the appropriate atropine and oxime treatment course.	Atropine	149-157	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	34-42
31739101-14	2020	Previous treatment with atropine and L-NAME significantly reduced the hypotensive and diuretic action of AS-CS in normotensive rats.	Atropine	24-32	citrate synthase	Rattus norvegicus	108-110
31677381-9	2020	Galpha12 ODN showed a greater increase in heart rate to atropine, an attenuated reduction in blood pressure to chlorisondamine, and an improved baroreflex sensitivity.	Atropine	56-64	G protein subunit alpha 12	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
32168243-2	2020	We demonstrate that dilation with either atropine or phenylephrine results in similar enhancements of rod/cone- and melanopsin-driven pupil responses.	Atropine	41-49	opsin 4	Homo sapiens	116-126
32168243-8	2020	Melanopsin-driven post-illumination pupil responses, achieved with either phenylephrine or atropine, did not significantly differ from each other (P > .05 for all).	Atropine	91-99	opsin 4	Homo sapiens	0-10
32168243-10	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Dilation with phenylephrine or atropine resulted in similar enhancements of the rod/cone- and melanopsin-driven pupil responses, despite differing mechanisms.	Atropine	44-52	kinetochore associated 1	Homo sapiens	93-96
32168243-10	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Dilation with phenylephrine or atropine resulted in similar enhancements of the rod/cone- and melanopsin-driven pupil responses, despite differing mechanisms.	Atropine	44-52	opsin 4	Homo sapiens	107-117
31313871-6	2020	Bath application of atropine entirely abolished hCSF-induced gamma oscillations, indicating critical contribution from muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated signaling.	Atropine	20-28	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	48-52
32405354-4	2020	Materials and Methods: mRNA levels of 5 muscarinic receptor subtypes (CHRM1 to 5), BMP-6, and PPARgamma during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, under the effect of atropine blockade, were measured in MSCs obtained from human fetal membrane (FM) and bone marrow (BM).	Atropine	174-182	bone morphogenetic protein 6	Homo sapiens	83-88
31678432-7	2020	Atropine or vagotomy abolished the action by central orexin-A.	Atropine	0-8	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	53-61
32405354-4	2020	Materials and Methods: mRNA levels of 5 muscarinic receptor subtypes (CHRM1 to 5), BMP-6, and PPARgamma during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, under the effect of atropine blockade, were measured in MSCs obtained from human fetal membrane (FM) and bone marrow (BM).	Atropine	174-182	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	94-103
31893002-8	2020	Atropine combined with penehyclidine in OP patients also helped reduce the time to atropinization and AchE recovery, the rate of IMS and the rate of ADR.	Atropine	0-8	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	102-106
31893002-10	2020	CONCLUSION: Atropine combined with penehyclidine benefits OP patients by enhancing the cure rate, mortality rate, time to atropinization, AchE recovery, IMS rate, total ADR and duration of hospitalization.	Atropine	12-20	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	138-142
31430833-9	2019	E-NTPDase-1 enzymatic activity was inversely related to the magnitude of atropine resistance.	Atropine	73-81	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 8	Homo sapiens	0-9
31430833-11	2019	CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Atropine-resistance in nerve-mediated detrusor contractions is due to ATP release and its magnitude is inversely related to E-NTPDase-1 activity.	Atropine	29-37	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 8	Homo sapiens	153-162
31540331-10	2019	Hsa-miR-651-3p-EPHA7, hsa-miR-3148-TMEM108 and hsa-miR-874-5p-TBX6 were validated as possible miRNA regulations involved in corneal epithelial cells treated with 0.003% atropine.	Atropine	169-177	microRNA 651	Homo sapiens	0-11
31634798-8	2019	Moreover, TNF-alpha plasma level was decreased in response to pirenzepine or atropine, whereas increased in response to AF-DX116.	Atropine	77-85	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	10-19
31464344-18	2019	ATP and contractile transients persisted with TTX, atropine and nifedipine.	Atropine	51-59	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8A2	Homo sapiens	0-3
31334620-0	2019	Atropine or adrenaline plus atropine may constitute appropriate treatment for cardiac arrest caused by intramyometrial injection of vasopressin.	Atropine	0-8	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	132-143
31334620-0	2019	Atropine or adrenaline plus atropine may constitute appropriate treatment for cardiac arrest caused by intramyometrial injection of vasopressin.	Atropine	28-36	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	132-143
31708749-12	2019	Injection of orexin-A into the magna cisterna of juvenile rats significantly increased the inspiratory and expiratory resistance of the airway and consequently decreased the dynamic compliance of the lungs, all of which were prevented by atropine sulfate or bilateral vagotomy.	Atropine	238-254	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	13-21
31446595-0	2019	In vivo, ex vivo and in vitro evidence for atropine-mediated attenuation of glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion: findings from a systematic review.	Atropine	43-51	glucagon	Homo sapiens	76-99
31446595-4	2019	This review explores studies that assess the role of atropine in GLP-1 secretion.	Atropine	53-61	glucagon	Homo sapiens	65-70
31446595-12	2019	Majority of the studies reported an atropine-mediated attenuation of GLP-1 secretion and postprandial secretion of GLP-1 was mainly affected.	Atropine	36-44	glucagon	Homo sapiens	69-74
31446595-12	2019	Majority of the studies reported an atropine-mediated attenuation of GLP-1 secretion and postprandial secretion of GLP-1 was mainly affected.	Atropine	36-44	glucagon	Homo sapiens	115-120
31540331-10	2019	Hsa-miR-651-3p-EPHA7, hsa-miR-3148-TMEM108 and hsa-miR-874-5p-TBX6 were validated as possible miRNA regulations involved in corneal epithelial cells treated with 0.003% atropine.	Atropine	169-177	transmembrane protein 108	Homo sapiens	35-42
31540331-10	2019	Hsa-miR-651-3p-EPHA7, hsa-miR-3148-TMEM108 and hsa-miR-874-5p-TBX6 were validated as possible miRNA regulations involved in corneal epithelial cells treated with 0.003% atropine.	Atropine	169-177	T-box transcription factor 6	Homo sapiens	62-66
31227218-5	2019	The muscarinic antagonist atropine almost completely blocked this effect of carbachol, demonstrating that mAChRs specifically regulate eEF2 dephosphorylation.	Atropine	26-34	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2	Homo sapiens	135-139
31602429-9	2019	The level of cholinesterase was 220.00 +- 15.52 U/mL and 332.17 +- 143.99 U/mL in patients with positive and negative Atropine challenge test, respectively (p = 0.006).	Atropine	118-126	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	13-27
31602429-10	2019	Conclusion: Patients with positive Atropine challenge test had a significantly lower level of serum cholinesterase and response to Atropine in their therapeutic management.	Atropine	35-43	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	100-114
31122425-9	2019	The best linear range of calibration graph was achieved using fluorometric detection system for 0.1-45 ng mL-1 atropine concentrations, and detection limit (3Sb/m) was 27 pg mL-1.	Atropine	111-119	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	106-110
31122425-10	2019	The relative standard deviations (RSD %) for the determination of 1, and 10 ng mL-1 atropine (n = 5) were 2.13% and 3.08%, respectively.	Atropine	84-92	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	79-83
31077371-12	2019	Atropine abolished the bradycardia and AV block, but the atropine-insensitive tachycardia and PVCs were abolished by the beta1 -adrenoceptor antagonist atenolol.	Atropine	57-65	adrenoceptor beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	121-140
30763168-8	2019	In group 1 Ap-S significantly reduced the CV-P of TPH2-/- pups (P = 0.03), an effect not observed in TPH2+/+ pups or following Ap-M.	Atropine	11-15	tryptophan hydroxylase 2	Rattus norvegicus	50-54
30763608-7	2019	The parasympatholytic compound scopolamine had the strongest relaxing effect (EC50 = 0.05 muM) followed by atropine (EC50 = 0.07 muM).	Atropine	107-115	latexin	Homo sapiens	129-132
30926319-8	2019	However, BChE secretion from HUCPVCs is limited by innate feedback mechanisms that can be interrupted by addition of miR 186 oligonucleotide mimics or by competitive inhibition of muscarinic cholinergic signalling receptors by addition of atropine.	Atropine	239-247	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	9-13
30307341-14	2019	Blood and tissue AChE activities were strongly inhibited after soman administration with and without atropine treatment.	Atropine	101-109	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
30763168-9	2019	In group 2 the apnea index of TPH2-/- pups was significantly reduced following Ap-S injection (P = 0.04), whereas the apnea index of TPH2+/+ littermates was unaffected (P = 0.58).	Atropine	79-83	tryptophan hydroxylase 2	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
30763168-12	2019	Here we show that the administration of atropine to the CNS selectively stabilizes the respiratory pattern of tryptophan hydroxylase 2-deficient rat pups and reduces their apneas.	Atropine	40-48	tryptophan hydroxylase 2	Rattus norvegicus	110-134
30789939-13	2019	The contractile response to human motilin and erythromycin in hMTLR-Tg mice was affected by neither atropine nor tetrodotoxin and was totally absent in Ca2+-free conditions.	Atropine	100-108	motilin	Homo sapiens	34-41
29751997-9	2018	Central pretreatment with the cholinergic muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine and/or nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine blocked nesfatin-1-induced cardiovascular effects.	Atropine	73-81	nucleobindin 2	Rattus norvegicus	140-150
30318562-6	2019	ACE2 overexpression significantly reduced the concentration of acetylcholine in microdialysis fluid from the RVLM and blunted the decrease in blood pressure evoked by bilateral injection of atropine into the RVLM in SHRs.	Atropine	190-198	angiotensin I converting enzyme 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
30499084-9	2019	The possibility of an atropine-mediated attenuation of GLP-1 response was discussed.	Atropine	22-30	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	55-60
30704713-9	2018	This biphasic effect was antagonized by the classical mAChR antagonist atropine (10 muM).	Atropine	71-79	bicoid	Drosophila melanogaster	84-87
30704713-10	2018	It was also found that atropine (10 muM) blocked octopamine"s sustained neuroexcitation, indicating the possibility of cross-talk between these two GPCR pathways.	Atropine	23-31	bicoid	Drosophila melanogaster	36-39
30205495-1	2018	The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactivators (e.g., obidoxime, asoxime) became an essential part of organophosphorus (OP) poisoning treatment, together with atropine and diazepam.	Atropine	157-165	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	4-24
30205495-1	2018	The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactivators (e.g., obidoxime, asoxime) became an essential part of organophosphorus (OP) poisoning treatment, together with atropine and diazepam.	Atropine	157-165	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	26-30
29351487-6	2018	Deconvolution of C-peptide data confirmed an increase in insulin secretion with olanzapine, which was blocked by atropine, with a modest reduction in hepatic insulin extraction with olanzapine.	Atropine	113-121	insulin	Homo sapiens	57-64
29902066-13	2018	Atropine significantly attenuated the CCK-induced esophageal LMC, prevented crural diaphragm inhibition, and abolished the phase 2 complete LES relaxation.	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	38-41
30130561-11	2018	The present findings suggest that the interaction of tariquidar with atropine may be the decisive factor for enhanced treatment efficacy, given that atropine was previously found to be a PgP substrate.	Atropine	69-77	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	187-190
30130561-11	2018	The present findings suggest that the interaction of tariquidar with atropine may be the decisive factor for enhanced treatment efficacy, given that atropine was previously found to be a PgP substrate.	Atropine	149-157	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	187-190
29092846-5	2018	A role for BDNF-mediated enhancement of prejunctional cholinergic transmission in BO is supported by the significant increase in the atropine- and neostigmine-sensitive component of nerve-evoked contractions and upregulation of choline acetyltransferase, vesicular acetylcholine transporter, and transporter Oct2 and -alpha1 receptors.	Atropine	133-141	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	11-15
29987243-2	2018	Muscarinic receptor antagonists (tiotropium, glycopyrronium, atropine) synergistically enhanced the relaxant effects of beta2-adrenergic receptor agonists (procaterol, salbutamol, formoterol) in guinea pig trachealis.	Atropine	61-69	beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Cavia porcellus	120-145
29528115-2	2018	Here we report that electrical field stimulation (EFS) of cholinergic motor neurons activates FAK in gastric fundus smooth muscles, and that FAK activation by EFS is atropine-sensitive but nicardipine-insensitive.	Atropine	166-174	PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2	Mus musculus	141-144
30602948-6	2018	This effect was reduced by indomethacin (2 x 10-6 M), yohimbine (2 x 10-6 M) and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) (5 x 10-5 M), but not by atropine (3.45 x 10-8 M) and cholesterol (2.5 mg/ml).	Atropine	143-151	arginyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	113-116
29625196-4	2018	24 h after sarin exposure (80 mug/kg) followed 1 min later by TA treatment (TMB4 7.5 mg/kg and atropine 5 mg/kg) a 255% increase in plasma MCP-1 in males but not in females was recorded.	Atropine	95-103	mast cell protease 1-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	139-144
30016789-10	2018	The VNS-induced VEGF-A/B expressions and angiogenesis were abolished by m-AChR inhibitor atropine and alpha7-nAChR blocker mecamylamine in vivo.	Atropine	89-97	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	16-22
29532369-7	2018	Another mACh antagonist atropine was also effective in stimulating SFK phosphorylation.	Atropine	24-32	FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
29305058-5	2018	HGprt  tissues showed a lower in amplitude spontaneous activity and atropine-sensitivity neural contraction compared to control mice.	Atropine	68-76	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	0-5
29417972-7	2018	Pre- as well as co-incubation with the OCT1 inhibitor atropine led to a significant reduction in oxaliplatin accumulation in sensitive but not in resistant cells.	Atropine	54-62	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens	39-43
29025730-7	2018	Systemic administration of the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine, but not the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), abolished the apelin-induced inhibitory responses.	Atropine	62-70	apelin	Rattus norvegicus	170-176
29025730-11	2018	The inhibitory effects of apelin were abolished by systemic preadministration of atropine, but not nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME).	Atropine	81-89	apelin	Rattus norvegicus	26-32
29127015-6	2018	As expected, NMDA receptor-mediated responses were potentiated by oxotremorine-M, oxotremorine or xanomeline when the drugs were applied between subsequent NMDA responses, an effect which was fully blocked by the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine.	Atropine	244-252	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	13-26
29414655-5	2018	In the Fischer 344 bladder, urothelial thinning and urothelial caspase 3 up-regulation occurred at 4h after LPS urinary bladder instillation, which were totally blocked in rats pre-treated with atropine.	Atropine	194-202	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	63-72
29046318-9	2018	Atropine induced a greater HR increase in female TPH2-/- than in female WT pups, an effect absent in male TPH2-/- pups.	Atropine	0-8	tryptophan hydroxylase 2	Homo sapiens	49-53
29046318-9	2018	Atropine induced a greater HR increase in female TPH2-/- than in female WT pups, an effect absent in male TPH2-/- pups.	Atropine	0-8	tryptophan hydroxylase 2	Homo sapiens	106-110
30016789-10	2018	The VNS-induced VEGF-A/B expressions and angiogenesis were abolished by m-AChR inhibitor atropine and alpha7-nAChR blocker mecamylamine in vivo.	Atropine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	74-78
29768876-6	2018	PON1 activity increased (42%-35.2%) and glucose concentrations increased (91.5%-81.5%) by 400 mug/kg neostigmine or neostigmine + atropine.	Atropine	130-138	paraoxonase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
29768876-8	2018	Rats treated with 400 mug/kg neostigmine or neostigmine + atropine had normal neuronal appearance in cortex and hippocampus and weak GFAP expression in hippocampus.	Atropine	58-66	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	133-137
28359333-9	2017	RESULTS: Both HHPD and HHPD + atropine treatments obviously inhibited the fecal output and reduced the colonic sIgA, prominently increased the levels of IL-10 and TNF-alpha in colonic tissue and elevated the contents of LPS in serum and colonic tissues.	Atropine	30-38	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	153-158
28901462-17	2017	The protective effect of ghrelin was eradicated by atropine, but not phentolamine or propranolol.	Atropine	51-59	ghrelin	Mus musculus	25-32
28511871-7	2017	The contractile responses to EFS were largely diminished by atropine (10-6M), and the remaining contractile components in the presence of atropine were virtually abolished by alpha,beta-methylene adenosine triphosphate (alpha,beta-mATP) (10-4M).	Atropine	138-146	solute carrier family 45, member 2	Mus musculus	231-235
28242761-9	2017	Maximal atropine pretreatment that completely blocked all the Cch-evoked responses did not affect any of the CCK-8-evoked responses, indicating that rather than acting on the nerves within the pancreas slice, CCK cellular actions directly affected human acinar cells.	Atropine	8-16	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	209-212
29123207-7	2017	In vivo, the atropine-dependent prolongation of heart rate increase was blunted in PDE4D but not in wildtype or PDE4B knockout mice.	Atropine	13-21	phosphodiesterase 4D, cAMP specific	Mus musculus	83-88
28432022-10	2017	This is reinforced by the fact that Ach-mediated activation of mAchR stimulates both the synthesis and the release of CRF2 ligands in HT-29 cells (effects blocked by atropine).	Atropine	166-174	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2	Homo sapiens	118-122
28359333-9	2017	RESULTS: Both HHPD and HHPD + atropine treatments obviously inhibited the fecal output and reduced the colonic sIgA, prominently increased the levels of IL-10 and TNF-alpha in colonic tissue and elevated the contents of LPS in serum and colonic tissues.	Atropine	30-38	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	163-172
27955746-14	2016	Meanwhile, rats treated with atropine showed decreased brain MDA, nitrite but increased GPx activity, TAC, AChE and glucose.	Atropine	29-37	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	107-111
27687562-1	2017	Unilateral dialysis of the broad-spectrum muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine (50 mM) into the ventral respiratory column [(VRC) including the pre-Botzinger complex region] of awake goats increased pulmonary ventilation (Vi) and breathing frequency (f), conceivably due to local compensatory increases in serotonin (5-HT) and substance P (SP) measured in effluent mock cerebral spinal fluid (mCSF).	Atropine	73-81	colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)	Mus musculus	396-400
27779686-0	2016	Alterations in ACE and ABCG2 expression levels in the testes of rats subjected to atropine-induced toxicity.	Atropine	82-90	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
27779686-0	2016	Alterations in ACE and ABCG2 expression levels in the testes of rats subjected to atropine-induced toxicity.	Atropine	82-90	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2	Rattus norvegicus	23-28
27779686-2	2016	The aim of the present study was to investigate atropine-induced alterations in testicular expression levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and adenosine 5"-triphosphate binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2) following atropine treatment.	Atropine	48-56	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	112-141
27779686-2	2016	The aim of the present study was to investigate atropine-induced alterations in testicular expression levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and adenosine 5"-triphosphate binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2) following atropine treatment.	Atropine	48-56	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	143-146
27779686-2	2016	The aim of the present study was to investigate atropine-induced alterations in testicular expression levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and adenosine 5"-triphosphate binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2) following atropine treatment.	Atropine	48-56	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2	Rattus norvegicus	152-216
27779686-2	2016	The aim of the present study was to investigate atropine-induced alterations in testicular expression levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and adenosine 5"-triphosphate binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2) following atropine treatment.	Atropine	48-56	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2	Rattus norvegicus	218-223
27779686-2	2016	The aim of the present study was to investigate atropine-induced alterations in testicular expression levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and adenosine 5"-triphosphate binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2) following atropine treatment.	Atropine	235-243	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	112-141
27779686-2	2016	The aim of the present study was to investigate atropine-induced alterations in testicular expression levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and adenosine 5"-triphosphate binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2) following atropine treatment.	Atropine	235-243	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	143-146
27779686-2	2016	The aim of the present study was to investigate atropine-induced alterations in testicular expression levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and adenosine 5"-triphosphate binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2) following atropine treatment.	Atropine	235-243	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2	Rattus norvegicus	152-216
27779686-4	2016	ACE gene and protein expression levels were significantly reduced in the testes of atropine-treated rats, compared with control rats (P=0.0001 and P&lt;0.001, respectively).	Atropine	83-91	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
27779686-5	2016	In addition, ABCG2 gene and protein expression levels were significantly increased in the testes of atropine-treated rats, compared with control rats (P=0.0017 and P&lt;0.001, respectively).	Atropine	100-108	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2	Rattus norvegicus	13-18
27779686-6	2016	Thus, the results of the present study demonstrate that testicular protein and gene expression levels of ACE and ABCG2 were altered as a result of atropine-induced toxicity in the rats.	Atropine	147-155	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
27779686-6	2016	Thus, the results of the present study demonstrate that testicular protein and gene expression levels of ACE and ABCG2 were altered as a result of atropine-induced toxicity in the rats.	Atropine	147-155	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2	Rattus norvegicus	113-118
27125761-2	2016	The need for an effective treatment of OP poisoning resulted in the implementation of a combination therapy with the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine and an oxime for the reactivation of OP-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE).	Atropine	148-156	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	229-233
27287416-7	2016	In line with this, atropine appeared to be a substrate for Pgp in in vitro studies in a MDR1/MDCK cell model.	Atropine	19-27	PGP	Canis lupus familiaris	59-62
27287416-7	2016	In line with this, atropine appeared to be a substrate for Pgp in in vitro studies in a MDR1/MDCK cell model.	Atropine	19-27	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Canis lupus familiaris	88-92
27287416-11	2016	In conclusion, treatment with a Pgp inhibitor resulted in enhanced therapeutic efficacy of HI-6 and atropine in a soman-induced seizure model in the rat.	Atropine	100-108	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
27773818-4	2016	This carbachol effect was almost completely blocked by the muscarinic antagonist atropine, demonstrating that mAChRs specifically mediate the phosphorylation of eIF4B.	Atropine	81-89	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B	Homo sapiens	161-166
27809846-10	2016	In contrast, atropine in the right POA-AHA of ULO rats blocked ovulation, an action that was restored by either LHRH or EB injection.	Atropine	13-21	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	112-116
27381051-11	2017	The joint application of atropine and SR48968 fully abolished PP contractile effect.	Atropine	25-33	pancreatic polypeptide	Mus musculus	62-64
26928772-1	2016	The contractile effect of AITC (300 muM) on human jejunal longitudinal strips was inhibited by the TRPA1 antagonist HC 030031 and atropine or scopolamine, but was insensitive to tetrodotoxin, purinoceptor antagonists or capsaicin desensitization.	Atropine	130-138	latexin	Homo sapiens	36-39
27108935-6	2016	The related molecule, atropine, similarly inhibited 5-HT evoked responses in oocytes with an IC50 of 1.74 muM, and competed with G-FL with a Ki of 7.94 muM.	Atropine	22-30	latexin	Homo sapiens	106-109
27108935-6	2016	The related molecule, atropine, similarly inhibited 5-HT evoked responses in oocytes with an IC50 of 1.74 muM, and competed with G-FL with a Ki of 7.94 muM.	Atropine	22-30	latexin	Homo sapiens	152-155
26786042-11	2016	The patients on NAC therapy required less atropine doses than those who received only the conventional treatment; however, the length of hospital stay showed no significant difference between both groups.	Atropine	42-50	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	16-19
27089282-8	2016	A pretest intra-CA1 injection of the atropine (1 and 2 mug/mouse) 5 min before the administration of tramadol (1 mug/mouse, intra-CA1) dose dependently inhibited tramadol state-dependent memory.	Atropine	37-45	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	16-19
27089282-8	2016	A pretest intra-CA1 injection of the atropine (1 and 2 mug/mouse) 5 min before the administration of tramadol (1 mug/mouse, intra-CA1) dose dependently inhibited tramadol state-dependent memory.	Atropine	37-45	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	130-133
27470424-5	2016	The expression levels of c-Fos, nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were upregulated in myopic eyes and downregulated upon treatment with atropine.	Atropine	194-202	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	66-84
27470424-5	2016	The expression levels of c-Fos, nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were upregulated in myopic eyes and downregulated upon treatment with atropine.	Atropine	194-202	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	90-123
27022135-7	2016	Moreover, 2.5 g/L atropine could also induce caspase-2/-3/-9 activation, mitochondrial transmembrane potential disruption, downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax and Bad, and upregulation of cytoplasmic cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor.	Atropine	18-26	caspase 2	Homo sapiens	45-60
27179882-9	2016	However, motilin-induced contractions in the proventriculus were significantly inhibited by atropine and tetrodotoxin.	Atropine	92-100	promotilin	Coturnix japonica	9-16
27022135-7	2016	Moreover, 2.5 g/L atropine could also induce caspase-2/-3/-9 activation, mitochondrial transmembrane potential disruption, downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax and Bad, and upregulation of cytoplasmic cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor.	Atropine	18-26	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	156-161
27022135-7	2016	Moreover, 2.5 g/L atropine could also induce caspase-2/-3/-9 activation, mitochondrial transmembrane potential disruption, downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax and Bad, and upregulation of cytoplasmic cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor.	Atropine	18-26	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	166-172
27022135-7	2016	Moreover, 2.5 g/L atropine could also induce caspase-2/-3/-9 activation, mitochondrial transmembrane potential disruption, downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax and Bad, and upregulation of cytoplasmic cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor.	Atropine	18-26	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	204-207
27022135-7	2016	Moreover, 2.5 g/L atropine could also induce caspase-2/-3/-9 activation, mitochondrial transmembrane potential disruption, downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax and Bad, and upregulation of cytoplasmic cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor.	Atropine	18-26	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	249-261
27177985-9	2016	Significant reactivation of DDVP inhibited AChE was achieved only with oxime K027 or its combination with atropine in erythocytes and the diaphragm.	Atropine	106-114	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	43-47
26997369-6	2016	The increase in insulin achieved by DPP-4 inhibition was reduced by atropine by approximately 35%.	Atropine	68-76	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	36-41
26987722-8	2016	These immunological parameters have decreased and serum CORT has increased after microinfusion of atropine (2 and 4mM) in MS of rats.	Atropine	98-106	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
27062028-9	2016	Additionally, motilin-induced contractions in each dissected part of the stomach were inhibited by tetrodotoxin and atropine pretreatment.	Atropine	116-124	motilin	Homo sapiens	14-21
27023865-8	2016	Cav-3 OE mice had an overall lower chronotropic response to atropine.	Atropine	60-68	caveolin 3	Mus musculus	0-5
26492921-7	2016	Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels rose from 6.3 +- 1.1 to 19.9 +- 6.8 pmol/l (means +- SE) in response to MSF and atropine lowered basal PP levels and abolished the MSF response.	Atropine	115-123	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	0-22
26808506-9	2016	Notably, the effects of CSE on CD8+ Tc/Tregs can be mostly simulated or attenuated by muscarine and atropine, the MR agonist and antagonist, respectively.	Atropine	100-108	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	31-34
27033452-10	2016	Atropine attenuated sweating as assessed using the new (control: 0.87 +- 0.23 mg min(-1) cm(-2)vs. atropine: 0.54 +- 0.22 mg min(-1) cm(-2);P &lt; 0.01) and classic (control: 0.85 +- 0.33 mg min(-1) cm(-2)vs. atropine: 0.60 +- 0.26 mg min(-1) cm(-2);P = 0.05) capsule designs.	Atropine	0-8	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	81-87
27033452-10	2016	Atropine attenuated sweating as assessed using the new (control: 0.87 +- 0.23 mg min(-1) cm(-2)vs. atropine: 0.54 +- 0.22 mg min(-1) cm(-2);P &lt; 0.01) and classic (control: 0.85 +- 0.33 mg min(-1) cm(-2)vs. atropine: 0.60 +- 0.26 mg min(-1) cm(-2);P = 0.05) capsule designs.	Atropine	0-8	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	125-131
27033452-10	2016	Atropine attenuated sweating as assessed using the new (control: 0.87 +- 0.23 mg min(-1) cm(-2)vs. atropine: 0.54 +- 0.22 mg min(-1) cm(-2);P &lt; 0.01) and classic (control: 0.85 +- 0.33 mg min(-1) cm(-2)vs. atropine: 0.60 +- 0.26 mg min(-1) cm(-2);P = 0.05) capsule designs.	Atropine	0-8	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	125-131
27033452-10	2016	Atropine attenuated sweating as assessed using the new (control: 0.87 +- 0.23 mg min(-1) cm(-2)vs. atropine: 0.54 +- 0.22 mg min(-1) cm(-2);P &lt; 0.01) and classic (control: 0.85 +- 0.33 mg min(-1) cm(-2)vs. atropine: 0.60 +- 0.26 mg min(-1) cm(-2);P = 0.05) capsule designs.	Atropine	0-8	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	125-131
26492921-7	2016	Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels rose from 6.3 +- 1.1 to 19.9 +- 6.8 pmol/l (means +- SE) in response to MSF and atropine lowered basal PP levels and abolished the MSF response.	Atropine	115-123	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	24-26
26492921-7	2016	Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels rose from 6.3 +- 1.1 to 19.9 +- 6.8 pmol/l (means +- SE) in response to MSF and atropine lowered basal PP levels and abolished the MSF response.	Atropine	115-123	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	138-140
26862290-8	2016	ACh (100 muM) induced contractions were attenuated (by 60%) by atropine.	Atropine	63-71	latexin	Homo sapiens	9-12
26208470-7	2015	AQP5 membrane translocation was blocked by the muscarinic antagonist atropine.	Atropine	69-77	aquaporin 5	Mus musculus	0-4
26368669-1	2015	Tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is rather resistant towards reactivation by oximes in vitro while in vivo experiments showed some protection of animals poisoned by this chemical warfare nerve agent after treatment with an oxime and atropine.	Atropine	244-252	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	16-36
26368669-1	2015	Tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is rather resistant towards reactivation by oximes in vitro while in vivo experiments showed some protection of animals poisoned by this chemical warfare nerve agent after treatment with an oxime and atropine.	Atropine	244-252	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	38-42
26354847-5	2015	The atropine-resistant SLGBF increase was significantly inhibited by infusion of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor antagonist, although administration of VIP receptor antagonist alone had no effect.	Atropine	4-12	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
26354847-5	2015	The atropine-resistant SLGBF increase was significantly inhibited by infusion of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor antagonist, although administration of VIP receptor antagonist alone had no effect.	Atropine	4-12	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	165-168
26567709-8	2015	CST also increased ERK1/2 and protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation and which was blocked by atropine and selective type 2 muscarinic acetylcholine (M2) receptor, but not type 1 muscarinic acetylcholine (M1) receptor antagonist.	Atropine	94-102	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	0-3
26485315-8	2015	Thus, a complex made at a lower loading ratio (&lt;= 0.1) displayed greater atropine affinity (KD   muM) than other complexes prepared at higher ratios (&gt;10), which showed only mM affinity.	Atropine	76-84	latexin	Homo sapiens	100-103
26567709-8	2015	CST also increased ERK1/2 and protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation and which was blocked by atropine and selective type 2 muscarinic acetylcholine (M2) receptor, but not type 1 muscarinic acetylcholine (M1) receptor antagonist.	Atropine	94-102	protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta	Homo sapiens	30-46
26136531-5	2015	Atropine blocked muscarinic, cholinergic transmission, as evidenced by an increase in heart rate [peak: 70 +- 2 (saline) vs. 90 +- 2 (atropine) beats/min, P &lt; 0.002] and suppression of pancreatic polypeptide levels [area under the curve during the GLP-1 infusions (AUC45-145): 492 +- 85 (saline) vs. 247 +- 59 (atropine) pmol/l x min, P &lt; 0.0001].	Atropine	0-8	glucagon	Homo sapiens	251-256
26884941-12	2015	Western blotting results showed the expressions of c-kit and SCF were down-regulated after atropine injection, which can be reversed with TPM pretreatment.	Atropine	91-99	KIT ligand	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
26884941-13	2015	These results above indicates that TPM treatment can significantly protected atropine-induced gastric dysmoblility, which may owed to its regulation on c-kit/SCF signing pathway.	Atropine	77-85	KIT ligand	Rattus norvegicus	158-161
26296992-5	2015	Moreover, the proliferation-retarding effect of atropine on the cells was achieved by inducing G1/S phase arrest and downregulation of E-cadherin and beta-catenin.	Atropine	48-56	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	135-145
26296992-5	2015	Moreover, the proliferation-retarding effect of atropine on the cells was achieved by inducing G1/S phase arrest and downregulation of E-cadherin and beta-catenin.	Atropine	48-56	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	150-162
26296992-7	2015	Furthermore, atropine could also induce activations of caspase-2, -3 and -9, disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, upregulation of Bax and Bad, and upregulation of cytoplasmic cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor, implying a death receptor-mediated mitochondrion-dependent pathway is most probably involved in the apoptosis of HCEP cells induced by atropine.	Atropine	13-21	caspase 2	Homo sapiens	55-75
26296992-7	2015	Furthermore, atropine could also induce activations of caspase-2, -3 and -9, disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, upregulation of Bax and Bad, and upregulation of cytoplasmic cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor, implying a death receptor-mediated mitochondrion-dependent pathway is most probably involved in the apoptosis of HCEP cells induced by atropine.	Atropine	13-21	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	148-153
26296992-7	2015	Furthermore, atropine could also induce activations of caspase-2, -3 and -9, disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, upregulation of Bax and Bad, and upregulation of cytoplasmic cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor, implying a death receptor-mediated mitochondrion-dependent pathway is most probably involved in the apoptosis of HCEP cells induced by atropine.	Atropine	13-21	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	158-164
26296992-7	2015	Furthermore, atropine could also induce activations of caspase-2, -3 and -9, disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, upregulation of Bax and Bad, and upregulation of cytoplasmic cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor, implying a death receptor-mediated mitochondrion-dependent pathway is most probably involved in the apoptosis of HCEP cells induced by atropine.	Atropine	13-21	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	182-185
26296992-7	2015	Furthermore, atropine could also induce activations of caspase-2, -3 and -9, disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, upregulation of Bax and Bad, and upregulation of cytoplasmic cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor, implying a death receptor-mediated mitochondrion-dependent pathway is most probably involved in the apoptosis of HCEP cells induced by atropine.	Atropine	13-21	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	227-239
26162700-12	2015	Suppression of serum ghrelin levels was eliminated through mecamylamine pretreatment while a rise in leptin was prevented by both atropine and mecamylamine pretreatments.	Atropine	130-138	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	101-107
26136531-9	2015	Atropine suppressed glucagon levels additively with GLP-1 [AUC45-145: 469 +- 70 (saline) vs. 265 +- 50 (atropine) pmol/l x min, P = 0.018], resulting in hypoglycemia when infusions were suspended [3.6 +- 0.2 (saline) vs. 2.7 +- 0.2 (atropine) mmol/l, P &lt; 0.0001].	Atropine	233-241	glucagon	Homo sapiens	52-57
26320635-6	2015	A very low concentration of Ru(bpy)32+, namely 9 muM, was demonstrated to be enough for achieving the sensitive detection of TPrA, nicotine and atropine.	Atropine	144-152	latexin	Homo sapiens	49-52
25933122-8	2015	However, if the autonomic nervous system was blocked by propranolol and atropine, in line with the in vitro data, LPS induced a significant reduction of heart-rate, which was not additive to ivabradine.	Atropine	72-80	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	114-117
26351557-5	2015	The effect of acetylcholine receptor stimulation by ACh, the muscarinic agonist pilocarpine, and the muscarinic antagonist atropine on the pain evoked responses of pain related electrical activities was analyzed in hippocampal CA3 area of morphine addicted rats.	Atropine	123-131	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	227-230
26351557-7	2015	The intra-CA3 administration of atropine (0.5 mug/1 mul) produced opposite effect.	Atropine	32-40	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
25899776-6	2015	This facilitation of LTP in HCNP-pp Tg mice was blocked by atropine or pirenzepine, but not by mecamylamine.	Atropine	59-67	phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1	Mus musculus	28-32
25819434-10	2015	Finally, trophoblast cells treated with Neo increased the expression of two antigen-presenting cells attracting chemokines, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha and RANTES through muscarinic receptors, and it was prevented by atropine.	Atropine	207-215	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	124-129
25819434-10	2015	Finally, trophoblast cells treated with Neo increased the expression of two antigen-presenting cells attracting chemokines, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha and RANTES through muscarinic receptors, and it was prevented by atropine.	Atropine	207-215	C-C motif chemokine ligand 3	Homo sapiens	131-141
25819434-10	2015	Finally, trophoblast cells treated with Neo increased the expression of two antigen-presenting cells attracting chemokines, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha and RANTES through muscarinic receptors, and it was prevented by atropine.	Atropine	207-215	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Homo sapiens	146-152
25748673-10	2015	Furthermore, VIP release in the atria during vagal stimulation was inhibited by atropine, which may account for the concealment of VIP effects with muscarinic blockade.	Atropine	80-88	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	13-16
25748673-10	2015	Furthermore, VIP release in the atria during vagal stimulation was inhibited by atropine, which may account for the concealment of VIP effects with muscarinic blockade.	Atropine	80-88	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	131-134
25748673-12	2015	Neuronal release of VIP in the atria is inhibited by muscarinic blockade, a novel mechanism by which VIP effects are concealed by atropine during vagal stimulation.	Atropine	130-138	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	20-23
25673780-14	2015	Atropine-induced tachycardia was increased in TLR9 KO mice, whereas the propranolol-induced bradycardia was similar to WT mice.	Atropine	0-8	toll-like receptor 9	Mus musculus	46-50
25932648-6	2015	Compared to the wild type InsP3 sensor, the mutant sensors showed an improved off-rate, enabling a more rapid and complete return of the signal to the resting value of InsP3 after termination of M3 muscarinic receptor stimulation by atropine.	Atropine	233-241	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3	Homo sapiens	195-217
26904172-8	2015	In the second experiment, we found that CORT-induced impairment of memory reconsolidation was reversed by the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine (0.5 and 2 mg/kg).	Atropine	141-149	cortistatin	Mus musculus	40-44
25448441-1	2014	The currently fielded pre-hospital therapeutic regimen for the treatment of organophosphorus (OP) poisoning in the United States (U.S.) is the administration of atropine in combination with an oxime antidote (2-PAM Cl) to reactivate inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE).	Atropine	161-169	acetylcholinesterase	Cavia porcellus	243-263
25815516-9	2015	Furthermore, TLCA-induced RMCCA-1 cell growth could be inhibited by atropine, a non-selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist, AG 1478, a specific EGFR inhibitor, or U 0126, a specific MEK 1/2 inhibitor.	Atropine	68-76	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	206-213
25603543-8	2015	Prolonged atropine treatment inhibited mAChR agonist-induced translocation of AQP5 to the nucleus, APM and LPM.	Atropine	10-18	aquaporin 5	Rattus norvegicus	78-82
25486965-8	2015	Single administration of miglitol triggered no GLP1 secretion, and GLP1 secretion by miglitol plus maltose was significantly attenuated by atropine pretreatment, suggesting regulation via vagal nerve.	Atropine	139-147	glucagon	Homo sapiens	67-71
26591203-2	2015	Atropine (10 mg/kg) under conditions of acute malathion intoxication improved the function of T cells and B lymphocytes, NK cells, as well as the synthesis of immunoregulatory cytokines IFN-g, IL-2, and IL-4.	Atropine	0-8	interferon gamma	Rattus norvegicus	186-191
26591203-2	2015	Atropine (10 mg/kg) under conditions of acute malathion intoxication improved the function of T cells and B lymphocytes, NK cells, as well as the synthesis of immunoregulatory cytokines IFN-g, IL-2, and IL-4.	Atropine	0-8	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	193-197
26591203-2	2015	Atropine (10 mg/kg) under conditions of acute malathion intoxication improved the function of T cells and B lymphocytes, NK cells, as well as the synthesis of immunoregulatory cytokines IFN-g, IL-2, and IL-4.	Atropine	0-8	interleukin 4	Rattus norvegicus	203-207
26138490-2	2015	According to the results of a 10 times repeated measurement of standard atropine binding, the relative error was between -5.5 and +3.7%, and we considered that measurement of SAA in our studies is accurate and validated.	Atropine	72-80	serum amyloid A1 cluster	Homo sapiens	175-178
26138490-6	2015	It is generally defined that any SAA greater than the detection limit of a quantitative atropine equivalent level (>=1.95 nM in our study) is positive.	Atropine	88-96	serum amyloid A1 cluster	Homo sapiens	33-36
26138490-7	2015	According to previous studies, SAA is considered to be positive when its atropine equivalent is >=1.95 nM and undetectable when this is <1.95 nM.	Atropine	73-81	serum amyloid A1 cluster	Homo sapiens	31-34
25447472-2	2015	In the present study, the effect of pilocarpine (a muscarinic agonist) and atropine (a muscarinic antagonist) on arachidonylcyclopropylamide (ACPA, a CB1 agonist) induced antinociception was studied in mice.	Atropine	75-83	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	150-153
25448441-1	2014	The currently fielded pre-hospital therapeutic regimen for the treatment of organophosphorus (OP) poisoning in the United States (U.S.) is the administration of atropine in combination with an oxime antidote (2-PAM Cl) to reactivate inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE).	Atropine	161-169	acetylcholinesterase	Cavia porcellus	265-269
25010841-7	2014	Furthermore, the decrease in ET-1 gene expression induced by re-feeding was blocked by pre-treatment with hexamethonium and atropine.	Atropine	124-132	endothelin 1	Mus musculus	29-33
25531103-11	2014	Trpm4-/-mice also exhibited Luciani-Wenckebach atrioventricular blocks, which were reduced following atropine infusion, suggesting paroxysmal parasympathetic overdrive.	Atropine	101-109	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 4	Mus musculus	0-5
25211393-13	2014	Detailed analysis of the quantitative proteomics data showed that the levels of GABA transporter 1 (GAT-1) were elevated in myopic retina and significantly reduced after atropine treatment.	Atropine	170-178	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, GABA), member 1	Mus musculus	80-98
25211393-13	2014	Detailed analysis of the quantitative proteomics data showed that the levels of GABA transporter 1 (GAT-1) were elevated in myopic retina and significantly reduced after atropine treatment.	Atropine	170-178	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, GABA), member 1	Mus musculus	100-105
25018620-14	2014	Interestingly, atropine treatment significantly increased collagen type I mRNA expression but decreased RGS2 mRNA and protein expression in the sclera of the FDM eyes.	Atropine	15-23	regulator of G-protein signaling 2	Cavia porcellus	104-108
25383314-7	2014	The muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine blocked these effects of physostigmine on liver TG, serum insulin, and hepatic protein levels of SREBP-1 and L-FABP.	Atropine	35-43	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	141-148
25383314-7	2014	The muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine blocked these effects of physostigmine on liver TG, serum insulin, and hepatic protein levels of SREBP-1 and L-FABP.	Atropine	35-43	fatty acid binding protein 1, liver	Mus musculus	153-159
25230765-8	2014	Atropine and nimodipine eradicated the muscle strip contraction enhanced by ghrelin, while [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 was only able to partly block this effect and TTX had no effect on muscle strip contraction.	Atropine	0-8	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	76-83
25034808-5	2014	The NK3 receptor agonist senktide produced a tetrodotoxin/atropine-sensitive sustained increase in the release of PYY from the colonic preparations.	Atropine	58-66	neuromedin-K receptor	Cavia porcellus	4-16
25034808-5	2014	The NK3 receptor agonist senktide produced a tetrodotoxin/atropine-sensitive sustained increase in the release of PYY from the colonic preparations.	Atropine	58-66	peptide YY	Cavia porcellus	114-117
24862458-0	2014	Midazolam and atropine alter theta oscillations in the hippocampal CA1 region by modulating both the somatic and distal dendritic dipoles.	Atropine	14-22	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	67-70
24814612-4	2014	Haloperidol, phenoxybenzamine, bicuculline, atropine, nitro-L-arginine and astressin 2B prevented the action of Ucn 3, in both sexes, whereas antalarmin exerted no action in either male or female animals.	Atropine	44-52	urocortin 3	Mus musculus	112-117
25018620-15	2014	CONCLUSIONS: We identified a significant RGS2 upregulation and collagen type I downregulation in the sclera of FDM eyes, which could be partially attenuated by atropine treatment.	Atropine	160-168	regulator of G-protein signaling 2	Cavia porcellus	41-45
24742985-9	2014	The effect of PP on IGP during nutrient infusion was abolished in the presence of L-NAME and in the presence of atropine.	Atropine	112-120	pancreatic polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	14-16
24365239-7	2014	Carbachol (CCh) increased ERK and FAK phosphorylation with enhanced TER recovery, which was completely blocked by either MT-7 (M1 antagonist) or atropine.	Atropine	145-153	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	34-37
24504265-7	2014	This increase in rCBF was reduced significantly by the administration of hexamethonium and atropine.	Atropine	91-99	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
25330680-4	2014	RESULTS: (1) The classic pancreatic acinar cell Ca2+ oscillations were induced by a certain concentration of ACh (100 nmol/L) successfully and steadily, which could be blocked by atropine completely.	Atropine	179-187	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	48-51
24522860-5	2014	Elevated IL-8 expression was completely antagonized by atropine, 4-DAMP and tiotropium.	Atropine	55-63	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	9-13
25108055-8	2014	CRF 9-41, antalarmin, astressin 2B haloperidol, atropine, noraminophenazone and isatin prevented the NmU-induced increase in colon temperature.	Atropine	48-56	neuromedin U	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
24487025-7	2014	Daily atropine administration for 5 days or subdiaphragmatic vagotomy completely reversed the body weight gain and eliminated the increased adiponectin production and release in these rats, with reversal to a normal serum adiponectin level.	Atropine	6-14	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	140-151
24487025-7	2014	Daily atropine administration for 5 days or subdiaphragmatic vagotomy completely reversed the body weight gain and eliminated the increased adiponectin production and release in these rats, with reversal to a normal serum adiponectin level.	Atropine	6-14	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	222-233
24475741-5	2014	The atropine-induced elevation of heart rate is diminished in BDNF+/- mice and is restored by BDNF infusion, whereas the atenolol-induced decrease in heart rate is unaffected by BDNF levels, suggesting that BDNF signaling enhances parasympathetic tone which is diminished with BDNF haploinsufficiency.	Atropine	4-12	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	62-66
24475741-5	2014	The atropine-induced elevation of heart rate is diminished in BDNF+/- mice and is restored by BDNF infusion, whereas the atenolol-induced decrease in heart rate is unaffected by BDNF levels, suggesting that BDNF signaling enhances parasympathetic tone which is diminished with BDNF haploinsufficiency.	Atropine	4-12	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	94-98
24475741-5	2014	The atropine-induced elevation of heart rate is diminished in BDNF+/- mice and is restored by BDNF infusion, whereas the atenolol-induced decrease in heart rate is unaffected by BDNF levels, suggesting that BDNF signaling enhances parasympathetic tone which is diminished with BDNF haploinsufficiency.	Atropine	4-12	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	94-98
24475741-5	2014	The atropine-induced elevation of heart rate is diminished in BDNF+/- mice and is restored by BDNF infusion, whereas the atenolol-induced decrease in heart rate is unaffected by BDNF levels, suggesting that BDNF signaling enhances parasympathetic tone which is diminished with BDNF haploinsufficiency.	Atropine	4-12	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	94-98
24678619-4	2014	RESULTS: Decreased E-cadherin expression and increased vimentin and alpha-SMA expression induced by TGF-beta1 in alveolar epithelial cell (A549) were significantly abrogated by the non-selective mAChR antagonist atropine and enhanced by the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine.	Atropine	212-220	vimentin	Homo sapiens	55-63
24678619-4	2014	RESULTS: Decreased E-cadherin expression and increased vimentin and alpha-SMA expression induced by TGF-beta1 in alveolar epithelial cell (A549) were significantly abrogated by the non-selective mAChR antagonist atropine and enhanced by the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine.	Atropine	212-220	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	100-109
24723855-4	2014	Atropine blocked c-Fos expression in the cortex and BG, despite high c-Fos expression in the sub-cortical arousal neuronal groups and thalamus, indicating that cortical activity is required for BG activation.	Atropine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
24389135-4	2014	In the present study, we therefore sought to identify the Gi/o protein-coupled receptors in cardiac myocytes (i.e. beta2-adrenergic, M2-muscarinic and A1-adenosine receptors) that are responsible for these abnormalities in heart failure by chronically administrating mice a selective antagonist of each receptor (ICI118,551, atropine and 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropilxanthine (DPCPX), respectively) with isoproterenol.	Atropine	325-333	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	115-120
24239690-9	2014	Atropine prevented the effects of NmU-23 on the climbing time.	Atropine	0-8	neuromedin U	Mus musculus	34-37
24316157-5	2014	This iPLR response is absent in melanopsin knockout (MKO) mice and can be significantly inhibited by atropine.	Atropine	101-109	opsin 4 (melanopsin)	Mus musculus	32-42
24145131-9	2014	The gastroprotective effect of angiotensin II (191pmol) was reduced by atropine (1mg/kg i.v.)	Atropine	71-79	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	31-45
23886382-6	2014	At the functional level, this results in a vagally-mediated and atropine-sensitive stimulation of gastric epithelial and endocrine cells secreting acid, pepsin, serotonin, histamine and ghrelin, and enteric neurons leading to increased gastric motility and emptying.	Atropine	64-72	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	186-193
24157926-2	2013	Standard treatment by administration of atropine and oximes, e.g., obidoxime or pralidoxime, focuses on antagonism of mAChRs and reactivation of AChE, whereas nicotinic malfunction is not directly treated.	Atropine	40-48	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	145-149
23958450-6	2013	However, cholinergic activation remained more vulnerable to the reverse-dialyzed muscarinic antagonist atropine in CHT+/- mice.	Atropine	103-111	solute carrier family 5 (choline transporter), member 7	Mus musculus	115-118
23494606-8	2013	These effects of ghrelin were diminished by the coadministration of atropine or the blockade of vagal afferents.	Atropine	68-76	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	17-24
23748234-7	2013	CCh-stimulated [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding to Galphaq was inhibited by mAChR antagonists, including scopolamine, ipratropium, atropine, 4-DAMP, pirenzepine, and AF-DX 116, with a rank order of potency consistent with previous studies of M1-expressing cells.	Atropine	123-131	G protein subunit alpha q	Rattus norvegicus	43-50
24303183-6	2013	Using atropine, we demonstrated that Gcgr -/- mice have diminished parasympathetic (PNS) influence of the heart at this temperature.	Atropine	6-14	glucagon receptor	Mus musculus	37-41
23418650-6	2013	This effect was inhibited by muscarinic antagonist (atropine) or the co-application of charybdotoxin and apamin, which blocked intermediate- and small-conductance KCa (IKCa and SKCa) channels, or abolished in CSE-KO mice.	Atropine	52-60	cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase)	Mus musculus	209-212
23892031-12	2013	Propranolol and atropine fully blocked the NmU-induced anxiolytic action, while haloperidol, phenoxybenzamine and nitro-l-arginine were ineffective.	Atropine	16-24	neuromedin U	Mus musculus	43-46
23959117-3	2013	Standard care involves the use of anticonvulsants (e.g., diazepam), parasympatolytics (e.g., atropine) and oximes that restore AChE activity.	Atropine	93-101	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	127-131
23742798-7	2013	Haloperidol, propranolol, atropine, methysergide, and naloxone, blocked the Ucn 3-induced anxiolytic action, while phenoxybenzamine and bicuculline were ineffective.	Atropine	26-34	urocortin 3	Mus musculus	76-81
23454175-9	2013	Atropine decreased the responses to motilin in the proventriculus but not in the ileum.	Atropine	0-8	motilin	Gallus gallus	36-43
23867714-8	2013	The effects of the central but not peripheral administration of GLP-2 were reduced by atropine.	Atropine	86-94	mast cell protease 10	Rattus norvegicus	64-69
23988164-4	2013	Atropine or pirenzepine, antagonist of mAChR or M1 mAChR, antagonized the protective effects of lesatropane respectively and suppressed the lesatropane"s effects on ERK1/2.	Atropine	0-8	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	165-171
23511063-5	2013	This atropine sensitive component amounted to~95% in bladder and ~75% in ileum, and it was enhanced by distigmine in a concentration dependent manner (0.1-3 muM; ~100-600% increase in bladder and ~50-250% increase in ileum).	Atropine	5-13	latexin	Homo sapiens	157-160
23499805-10	2013	Atropine decreased sensitivity to CCK-8.	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
23888153-5	2013	Thy1-aSyn mice also showed an abnormal cardiovascular response (i.e., diminished tachycardia) to muscarinic blockade with atropine.	Atropine	122-130	thymus cell antigen 1, theta	Mus musculus	0-4
23706341-8	2013	Atropine increased only longitudinal strain rate magnitude (-0.88 +- 0.11 vs -0.97 +- 0.14 sec(-1), P &lt; .05).	Atropine	0-8	secretory blood group 1, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	91-97
23348107-9	2013	Phenoxybenzamine, yohimbine, propranolol, methysergide, cyproheptadine, atropine, bicuculline and nitro-l-arginine prevented the action of kisspeptin-13 on passive avoidance learning, but haloperidol and naloxone did not block the effects of kisspeptin-13.	Atropine	72-80	KiSS-1 metastasis-suppressor	Mus musculus	139-149
23667748-13	2013	Atropine significantly lengthened all emptying times: 904 +- 307 and 1461 +- 684 minutes for Tr10% and Te90%, respectively; and 432 +- 117 minutes for Tr1/2 and 473 +- 190 minutes for Te1/2.	Atropine	0-8	transmembrane protein with EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-164
23047022-7	2013	Cellular release of AChE by SH-SY5Y is significantly enhanced by the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) agonists carbachol or muscarine, with the effect of carbachol blocked by the mAChR antagonist atropine.	Atropine	205-213	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	20-24
23292809-5	2013	CCh-induced activation of ENaC was blocked by atropine.	Atropine	46-54	sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit gamma	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
23292809-7	2013	Endogenous RhoA and GTP-RhoA increased in response to CCh and the increase was reduced by pretreatment with atropine.	Atropine	108-116	ras homolog family member A	Rattus norvegicus	11-15
23292809-7	2013	Endogenous RhoA and GTP-RhoA increased in response to CCh and the increase was reduced by pretreatment with atropine.	Atropine	108-116	ras homolog family member A	Rattus norvegicus	24-28
23327996-6	2013	To evaluate the relative activities of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, we applied autonomic receptor blockers and found an enhanced HR response to atropine in MSH-OE mice, indicating increased cardiac vagal activity.	Atropine	164-172	msh homeobox 1	Mus musculus	176-179
23170805-7	2013	In both preparations, atropine, muscarinic receptor antagonist, or SR140333, NK(1)  receptor antagonist, reduced the Ang II responses.	Atropine	22-30	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	117-123
23271698-4	2013	To test these hypotheses, we unilaterally dialyzed mock cerebrospinal fluid (mCSF) or 50 mM atropine in mCSF in or near the preBotC region of adult goats during the awake (n = 9) and NREM sleep (n = 7) states.	Atropine	92-100	colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)	Mus musculus	104-108
23271698-6	2013	Compared with dialysis of mCSF alone, atropine increased (P &lt; 0.05) breathing frequency while awake during the day [+10 breaths (br)/min] and at night (+9 br/min) and, to a lesser extent, during NREM sleep (+5 br/min).	Atropine	38-46	colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)	Mus musculus	26-30
23271698-8	2013	When atropine was dialyzed in one preBotC and mCSF in the contralateral preBotC, 5-HT and SP increased only at the site of atropine dialysis.	Atropine	5-13	colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)	Mus musculus	46-50
23295832-5	2013	Increasing intrinsic sinus rate with atropine before catecholamine challenge suppressed ventricular tachycardia in 86% of Casq2(-/-) mice (6/7) and significantly reduced the VA score (atropine: 0.6+-0.2 versus vehicle: 1.7+-0.3; P&lt;0.05).	Atropine	37-45	calsequestrin 2	Mus musculus	122-127
24021916-9	2013	H9c2 cells treated with ACh also underwent a biochemical changes by increased ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I and autophagy flux (decreased p62), while muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine suppressed these effects.	Atropine	173-181	KH RNA binding domain containing, signal transduction associated 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-133
23154239-13	2013	Furthermore, the modulation of arecoline on chemerin/ChemR23 signaling axis was absolutely abolished in the presence of the nonselective muscarinic receptors antagonist atropine 1 mumol/L.	Atropine	169-177	retinoic acid receptor responder 2	Rattus norvegicus	44-52
23383451-14	2012	TNF-alpha mRNA expression and sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 concentrations were significantly higher in the model group than in the normal group, but significantly lower in both auricular EA group and atropine group than in the model group (P &lt; 0.01, P &lt; 0.05).	Atropine	191-199	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
23060413-12	2013	Treatment of AOP with CoQ10 + PAM + atropine in this animal model had a beneficial effect on both erythrocyte and heart tissue lipid peroxidation and AChE activity.	Atropine	36-44	ACE-1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	150-154
23460876-7	2013	We demonstrated that T1N0Mx-IgG (10(-8) M) and carbachol (10(-9) M) increased the constitutive expression of VEGF-A in tumor cells, effect that was reverted by the muscarinic antagonist atropine.	Atropine	186-194	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	109-115
23418594-5	2013	The increased perfusion elicited by EA were completely abolished by a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) blocker (atropine), but not a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker (propranolol), an alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker (phentolamine), or a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) blocker (mecamylamine).	Atropine	121-129	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	248-280
23418594-5	2013	The increased perfusion elicited by EA were completely abolished by a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) blocker (atropine), but not a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker (propranolol), an alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker (phentolamine), or a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) blocker (mecamylamine).	Atropine	121-129	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	282-287
23411584-7	2013	The numbers of PDX-1 and MafB-positive cells in or attaching to the ducts were significantly reduced by atropine.	Atropine	104-112	pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-20
23411584-7	2013	The numbers of PDX-1 and MafB-positive cells in or attaching to the ducts were significantly reduced by atropine.	Atropine	104-112	MAF bZIP transcription factor B	Rattus norvegicus	25-29
23411584-8	2013	MafB/glucagon and MafB/insulin double-positive cells were also decreased by atropine.	Atropine	76-84	MAF bZIP transcription factor B	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
23411584-8	2013	MafB/glucagon and MafB/insulin double-positive cells were also decreased by atropine.	Atropine	76-84	MAF bZIP transcription factor B	Rattus norvegicus	18-22
23411584-9	2013	Finally, atropine reduced the number of MafA-positive ductal cells, all of which were positive for insulin, by 50% on day 5.	Atropine	9-17	MAF bZIP transcription factor A	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
23090691-5	2013	Atropine, but not tertiapin, significantly inhibited the carbachol-induced coprecipitating Gbeta with Kir3.1.	Atropine	0-8	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 3	Mus musculus	102-108
22592894-5	2012	Walking theta was, however, more disrupted by atropine sulfate in ore-SAP than in sham-lesion rats.	Atropine	46-62	amyloid P component, serum	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
22525378-9	2012	Also in the presence of atropine (1 muM) and TC (30 muM) a significant effect was not detected (5800+-1300 [n=10]).	Atropine	24-32	latexin	Homo sapiens	36-39
22910223-5	2012	RESULTS: LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) was significantly improved by atropine (a non-selective mAChR antagonist) and 4-DAMP (a M3 mAChR antagonist), as indicated by the diminution of neutrophil infiltration, pulmonary vascular permeability and IL-6 and TNF-alpha production.	Atropine	75-83	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	9-12
22910223-5	2012	RESULTS: LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) was significantly improved by atropine (a non-selective mAChR antagonist) and 4-DAMP (a M3 mAChR antagonist), as indicated by the diminution of neutrophil infiltration, pulmonary vascular permeability and IL-6 and TNF-alpha production.	Atropine	75-83	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	250-254
22910223-5	2012	RESULTS: LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) was significantly improved by atropine (a non-selective mAChR antagonist) and 4-DAMP (a M3 mAChR antagonist), as indicated by the diminution of neutrophil infiltration, pulmonary vascular permeability and IL-6 and TNF-alpha production.	Atropine	75-83	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	259-268
22910223-6	2012	LPS-induced TNF-alpha production from the alveolar macrophage was significantly inhibited by atropine and 4-DAMP, but not pirenzepine (a M1 mAChR antagonist) and methoctramine (a M2 mAChR antagonist).	Atropine	93-101	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	0-3
22910223-6	2012	LPS-induced TNF-alpha production from the alveolar macrophage was significantly inhibited by atropine and 4-DAMP, but not pirenzepine (a M1 mAChR antagonist) and methoctramine (a M2 mAChR antagonist).	Atropine	93-101	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	12-21
22910223-8	2012	Western blot analysis showed that LPS-induced degradation of IkappaBalpha was strongly blocked by atropine/4-DAMP both in vivo and in vitro, indicating that M3 mAChR was involved in LPS-induced lung inflammation by mediating the NF-kappaB signaling pathway.	Atropine	98-106	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	34-37
22910223-8	2012	Western blot analysis showed that LPS-induced degradation of IkappaBalpha was strongly blocked by atropine/4-DAMP both in vivo and in vitro, indicating that M3 mAChR was involved in LPS-induced lung inflammation by mediating the NF-kappaB signaling pathway.	Atropine	98-106	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha	Mus musculus	61-73
22910223-8	2012	Western blot analysis showed that LPS-induced degradation of IkappaBalpha was strongly blocked by atropine/4-DAMP both in vivo and in vitro, indicating that M3 mAChR was involved in LPS-induced lung inflammation by mediating the NF-kappaB signaling pathway.	Atropine	98-106	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	182-185
22865467-6	2012	In SNU-407 cells, carbachol treatment induced RSK activation in an atropine-sensitive manner, and this RSK activation was decreased by the inhibition of either EGFR or PKC.	Atropine	67-75	ribosomal protein S6 kinase A1	Homo sapiens	46-49
22865467-6	2012	In SNU-407 cells, carbachol treatment induced RSK activation in an atropine-sensitive manner, and this RSK activation was decreased by the inhibition of either EGFR or PKC.	Atropine	67-75	ribosomal protein S6 kinase A1	Homo sapiens	103-106
22865467-6	2012	In SNU-407 cells, carbachol treatment induced RSK activation in an atropine-sensitive manner, and this RSK activation was decreased by the inhibition of either EGFR or PKC.	Atropine	67-75	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	160-164
22860999-8	2012	Bronchoalveolar lavage AChE and BChE activity were significantly increased in animals treated with MMB-4 plus atropine at 24 h. Lung and diaphragm tissue also showed a significant increase in AChE activity in the treatment group.	Atropine	110-118	acetylcholinesterase	Cavia porcellus	23-27
23075712-13	2012	In both the dichlorvos and atropine groups, the extravascular lung water index was negatively correlated with partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspiration oxygen (PO2/FiO2) and positively correlated with the pulmonary vascular permeability index.	Atropine	27-35	PO2	Sus scrofa	169-172
22899762-11	2012	CONCLUSIONS: CHRM3 and M(3) were suggested to play important roles in the pathogenesis of myopia and in the arrested progression of myopia by atropine.	Atropine	142-150	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3	Homo sapiens	13-18
22739118-6	2012	RPc cardioprotection, elicited by ischaemia/reperfusion of the limbs, was abolished when DVMN neurones transduced to express AlstR were silenced by selective ligand allatostatin or in conditions of systemic muscarinic receptor blockade with atropine.	Atropine	241-249	Allatostatin A receptor 1	Drosophila melanogaster	125-130
22641786-2	2012	Kcna1-null mice lacking these channels exhibit neurocardiac dysfunction manifested by atropine-sensitive atrioventricular conduction blocks and bradycardia that may culminate in sudden death.	Atropine	86-94	potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 1	Mus musculus	0-5
22860999-8	2012	Bronchoalveolar lavage AChE and BChE activity were significantly increased in animals treated with MMB-4 plus atropine at 24 h. Lung and diaphragm tissue also showed a significant increase in AChE activity in the treatment group.	Atropine	110-118	cholinesterase	Cavia porcellus	32-36
22860999-8	2012	Bronchoalveolar lavage AChE and BChE activity were significantly increased in animals treated with MMB-4 plus atropine at 24 h. Lung and diaphragm tissue also showed a significant increase in AChE activity in the treatment group.	Atropine	110-118	acetylcholinesterase	Cavia porcellus	192-196
22587993-4	2012	By using nitric oxide (NO) formation as a biological sensor for released ACh, we showed that cholinesterase inhibition increased NO levels in freshly isolated ventricular myocytes and that this effect was prevented by atropine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, and by inhibition of ACh synthesis or vesicular storage.	Atropine	218-226	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	93-107
22587993-6	2012	Moreover, inhibition of ACh storage or atropine blunted the anti-hypertrophic action of cholinesterase inhibition.	Atropine	39-47	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	88-102
22228652-5	2012	Interestingly, we observed that G protein-coupled receptor kinases 2 and beta-arrestin1/2 interactions with M1-immunoprecipitated proteins were substantially augmented in SMase-treated slices and that the reduction of cell-surface M1 muscarinic receptor expression generated was completely suppressed by the muscarinic antagonist atropine.	Atropine	330-338	arrestin, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-87
22717634-8	2012	Blood levels of Ang I and Ang II in the atropine (M receptor antagonist) + carbachol intravenous administration group was lower than those in the carbachol group without atropine administration (P &lt; 0.05).	Atropine	40-48	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	16-21
22717634-8	2012	Blood levels of Ang I and Ang II in the atropine (M receptor antagonist) + carbachol intravenous administration group was lower than those in the carbachol group without atropine administration (P &lt; 0.05).	Atropine	40-48	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	26-32
22427701-10	2012	The acetylcholine-induced, atropine-insensitive relaxations and those to nicotine both involve the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway.	Atropine	27-35	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
23019729-6	2012	In atropine group, 3 patients were found to have atropine resistance, 3 patients showed intermediate syndrome, rebound was observed in 2 cases, atropine poisoning in 2 patients, and the incidence of complications was 16.67%.Three patients died of respiratory or circulatory failure, and the mortality rate was 5.00%.Fifty-seven patients were cured, the cure rate was 95.00%.The time of ChE activity recovery to 70% was (8.0 +- 0.9) days.	Atropine	3-11	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	386-389
22309577-6	2012	Moreover, for oocytes expressing nAChR containing any alpha subunit plus beta4 and beta3(V9"S) subunits, there is spontaneous channel opening sensitive to blockade by the open channel blocker, atropine.	Atropine	193-201	basic helix-loop-helix family member e23 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	73-78
22200906-0	2012	E-cadherin and 5-HT alterations in the heart of rats having undergone             atropine-induced toxicity.	Atropine	82-90	cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
22336044-6	2012	Under the optimized experimental conditions, the detection limits (3s) for raceanisodamine hydrochloride and atropine sulfate were 0.11 muM, 0.09 muM, respectively.	Atropine	109-125	latexin	Homo sapiens	136-139
22336044-6	2012	Under the optimized experimental conditions, the detection limits (3s) for raceanisodamine hydrochloride and atropine sulfate were 0.11 muM, 0.09 muM, respectively.	Atropine	109-125	latexin	Homo sapiens	146-149
22170413-6	2012	Pretreatment of ip injection of atropine significantly blocked the orexin-A-induced stimulation of gastric motility.	Atropine	32-40	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	67-75
23019729-10	2012	Compared with atropine group, penehyclidine hydrochloride sequential to atropine group had a low death rate, high cure rate, less complications, ChE activity recover fast, short hospital days, and the hospitalization expenses were lower than that of the single use of atropine or single use of penehyclidine hydrochloride group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P&lt;0.01).	Atropine	72-80	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	145-148
23019729-10	2012	Compared with atropine group, penehyclidine hydrochloride sequential to atropine group had a low death rate, high cure rate, less complications, ChE activity recover fast, short hospital days, and the hospitalization expenses were lower than that of the single use of atropine or single use of penehyclidine hydrochloride group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P&lt;0.01).	Atropine	72-80	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	145-148
22240250-0	2012	Atropine-sensitive hippocampal theta oscillations are mediated by Cav2.3 R-type Ca2+ channels.	Atropine	0-8	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, R type, alpha 1E subunit	Mus musculus	66-72
22240250-0	2012	Atropine-sensitive hippocampal theta oscillations are mediated by Cav2.3 R-type Ca2+ channels.	Atropine	0-8	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	80-83
22240250-3	2012	Urethane-induced atropine-sensitive theta oscillations are driven by muscarinic signal transduction pathways through G protein q/11 alpha subunit (Galpha(q/11)), phospholipase beta( 1/4) (PLCbeta( 1/4), inositol trisphosphate (InsP3), diacylglycerole (DAG), and protein kinase C (PKC).	Atropine	17-25	phospholipase C, beta 1	Mus musculus	117-200
22200906-2	2012	The purpose of this study was to investigate atropine-induced alterations in cardiac E-cadherin and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) after atropine administration.	Atropine	45-53	cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
22200906-2	2012	The purpose of this study was to investigate atropine-induced alterations in cardiac E-cadherin and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) after atropine administration.	Atropine	133-141	cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
22200906-8	2012	Cardiac protein expression of E-cadherin and 5-HT was altered after atropine-induced toxicity in the rat.	Atropine	68-76	cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
22200906-9	2012	The expression levels of E-cadherin and 5-HT were significantly decreased after atropine treatment, supported by IOD analysis, when compared with the control (P&lt;0.05).	Atropine	80-88	cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
22201090-1	2011	Animal model of depression was developed by means of chronic exposure of rat pups to anticholinergic drugs (Atropine, Scopolamine) during the early life period from postnatal day 7 (P7) and/or 14 (P14) to P21 and/or P28, respectively.	Atropine	108-116	S100 calcium binding protein A9	Rattus norvegicus	197-200
21994270-6	2012	The response facilitation was completely or strongly blocked by atropine (At), a muscarinic ACh receptor (mAChR) antagonist, in almost all neurons (96% of cells), whereas any residual effect after At administration was fully removed by mecamylamine, a nicotinic AChR (nAChR) antagonist, suggesting a predominant role for mAChRs in this mechanism.	Atropine	64-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	268-273
21994270-6	2012	The response facilitation was completely or strongly blocked by atropine (At), a muscarinic ACh receptor (mAChR) antagonist, in almost all neurons (96% of cells), whereas any residual effect after At administration was fully removed by mecamylamine, a nicotinic AChR (nAChR) antagonist, suggesting a predominant role for mAChRs in this mechanism.	Atropine	74-76	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	268-273
22074497-8	2012	In the presence of L-NNA (NOS inhibitor) and MRS2500 (P2Y1 receptor antagonist), EFS gave rise to cholinergic depolarization and contractions that were abolished by atropine.	Atropine	165-173	purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 1	Mus musculus	54-67
21971158-8	2011	Pretreatment with the nonspecific muscarinic antagonist, atropine (1 mg/kg, iv), decreased metformin-induced GLP-1 secretion by 55 +- 11% (P &lt; 0.05).	Atropine	57-65	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	109-114
22029733-7	2011	The responses to suncus motilin in the stomach were completely abolished by atropine and tetrodotoxin treatment and significantly suppressed by administration of hexamethonium, verapamil, phentolamine, yohimbine, ondansetron, and naloxone, whereas ritanserin, prazosin, timolol, and FK888 did not affect the action of motilin.	Atropine	76-84	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	24-31
22001099-7	2011	Stretching of the tissue also caused an increase in the spontaneous contractile rate, and these responses were abolished by atropine (1 muM) and low concentrations of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (10 nM).	Atropine	124-132	latexin	Homo sapiens	136-139
22783142-7	2012	Curcumin when co-supplemented with 2-PAMCl + atropine also significantly protected serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and restored brain AChE activity and 5-HT level in animals sub-chronically exposed to DDVP.	Atropine	45-53	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	89-115
22783142-7	2012	Curcumin when co-supplemented with 2-PAMCl + atropine also significantly protected serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and restored brain AChE activity and 5-HT level in animals sub-chronically exposed to DDVP.	Atropine	45-53	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
22783142-7	2012	Curcumin when co-supplemented with 2-PAMCl + atropine also significantly protected serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and restored brain AChE activity and 5-HT level in animals sub-chronically exposed to DDVP.	Atropine	45-53	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	141-145
21761139-3	2012	These effects were abolished by muscarinic blocker atropine and therefore are caused by acetylcholine, which accumulates in the myocardium due to acetylcholinesterase inhibition even in the absence of vagal input.	Atropine	51-59	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	146-166
22201090-1	2011	Animal model of depression was developed by means of chronic exposure of rat pups to anticholinergic drugs (Atropine, Scopolamine) during the early life period from postnatal day 7 (P7) and/or 14 (P14) to P21 and/or P28, respectively.	Atropine	108-116	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	205-208
21865364-0	2011	Atropine improves insulin sensitivity in both lean and abdominally obese subjects.	Atropine	0-8	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
21865364-2	2011	The aim of this study was to assess the effects of an anticholinergic agent, atropine, and a cholinergic agent, physostigmine, on insulin sensitivity in lean and abdominally obese subjects.	Atropine	77-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	130-137
22098243-1	2011	Effects of a single administration of cholinergic drugs (arecoline, atropine, nicotine, mecamylamine) on the activity of carboxypeptidase H and of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride-inhibited carboxypeptidase, which are involved in metabolism of neuropeptides, were studied in brain parts and the adrenal glands of rats.	Atropine	68-76	carboxypeptidase E	Rattus norvegicus	121-139
22027145-6	2011	We show that acetylcholine, which robustly increases MMP1 expression, stimulates invasion of HT29 and H508 human colon cancer cells into human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers - this was abolished by pre-incubation with atropine, a non-selective muscarinic receptor inhibitor, and by pre-incubation with anti-MMP1 neutralizing antibody.	Atropine	230-238	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
22027145-6	2011	We show that acetylcholine, which robustly increases MMP1 expression, stimulates invasion of HT29 and H508 human colon cancer cells into human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers - this was abolished by pre-incubation with atropine, a non-selective muscarinic receptor inhibitor, and by pre-incubation with anti-MMP1 neutralizing antibody.	Atropine	230-238	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	319-323
21865364-5	2011	RESULTS: Insulin sensitivity (M-value, i.e. glucose infusion rate divided by lean body mass) during the last 60 min of the clamp was higher during infusion with atropine than saline (9.2 +- 1.0 vs. 7.6 +- 1.0 mg/kg lean body mass   min, mean +- sem; P = 0.015) in all subjects.	Atropine	161-169	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
21865364-8	2011	CONCLUSION: Insulin sensitivity was higher during a short-term atropine infusion compared with saline in both lean and abdominally obese subjects.	Atropine	63-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	12-19
21972539-10	2011	The used doses of atropine and PAM-Cl are less and the ChE activity recovers quickly for non-oral poisoning group.	Atropine	18-26	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	55-58
20053466-5	2011	RESULTS: Fifteen of the 18 anti-beta1/2AR ELISA-positive samples demonstrated evidence for negative inotropic muscarinic effects which were blocked using atropine.	Atropine	154-162	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	32-39
20053466-7	2011	In the remaining 16 AAbetaAR true-positive subjects, the beta1AR-induced increase in contractility (concurrent M2/beta2 blockade) was augmented to 140.5+-12.2% of baseline compared to 127.4+-7.2% of baseline with M2 blockade (atropine) only (p&lt;0.001, n=16).	Atropine	226-234	adrenoceptor beta 1	Homo sapiens	57-64
21771644-9	2011	Only when RBC-AChE was completely inhibited, therapy of cholinergic crisis required atropine doses up to 0.06 mg h-1 kg-1.	Atropine	84-92	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	14-18
21276680-10	2011	Atropine use due to bradycardia was necessary after 8 cases (8%) in the C-CEA group and only after 1 case (1%) in the E-CEA group (P = .03).	Atropine	0-8	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	74-77
21276680-10	2011	Atropine use due to bradycardia was necessary after 8 cases (8%) in the C-CEA group and only after 1 case (1%) in the E-CEA group (P = .03).	Atropine	0-8	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	120-123
20807085-1	2011	The standard treatment of poisoning by organophosphorus compounds (OP) includes the reversible muscarine receptor antagonist atropine and oximes for the reactivation of OP-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE).	Atropine	125-133	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	204-208
21246223-7	2011	The intra-CA3 administration of atropine (0.5 mug/1 mul) produced an opposite effect.	Atropine	32-40	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
20552314-4	2011	NF and GFAP directed flow cytometry was able to identify several of the test chemicals as being specifically neurotoxic (chloroquine, nicotine) or astrocytoxic (atropine, chloramphenicol) via quantification of cell death in the NT2.N/A model at cytotoxic concentrations using the resazurin cytotoxicity assay.	Atropine	161-169	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Homo sapiens	7-11
21135046-6	2011	TTX (1 mum) had no effects, while atropine (10 mum) significantly inhibited the Isc response to propionate and abolished that to ACh.	Atropine	34-42	acyl-CoA thioesterase 12	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
21787676-5	2011	Furthermore, the non-selective cholinergic antagonist atropine partially attenuated the paraoxon-induced N-AChE and c-Fos activations in both types of cells.	Atropine	54-62	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	105-111
21787676-5	2011	Furthermore, the non-selective cholinergic antagonist atropine partially attenuated the paraoxon-induced N-AChE and c-Fos activations in both types of cells.	Atropine	54-62	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	116-121
21799686-14	2011	Expression of insulin signaling proteins (IRS1, AKT2) in atropine-exposed rats before and after EA was measured by western blot.	Atropine	57-65	insulin receptor substrate 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-46
21799686-14	2011	Expression of insulin signaling proteins (IRS1, AKT2) in atropine-exposed rats before and after EA was measured by western blot.	Atropine	57-65	AKT serine/threonine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
21369495-11	2011	The stimulating effect of CCK-8 was significantly inhibited by an anti-PYY serum, and was completely abolished by loxiglumide, and almost completely abolished by atropine.	Atropine	162-170	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
21666889-1	2011	A conjugate of pyridine-4-aldoxime and atropine (ATR-4-OX) was synthesized and its antidotal efficiency was tested in vitro on tabun- or paraoxon-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of human erythrocytes as well as in vivo using soman-, tabun- or paraoxon-poisoned mice.	Atropine	39-47	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	178-182
21147991-3	2010	The effect of BDNF depends on the M1 and M2 muscarinic acetylcholine autoreceptors (mAChRs) because it is prevented by atropine, pirenzepine and methoctramine.	Atropine	119-127	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	14-18
20876203-9	2010	Atropine (1 muM) reduced the evoked responses in ICC-MY, and subsequent addition of an NK1 antagonist (RP 67580, 500 nM) completely blocked the responses to stimulation, as did applying these drugs in reverse order.	Atropine	0-8	latexin	Homo sapiens	12-15
20816720-8	2010	Furthermore, the administration, immediately after soman, of a three-drug therapy composed of atropine sulfate, HI-6 and avizafone abolished the convulsions, the transient drop of DPOAEs at 4h and the occurrence of SRBD at 28 h without modifying brain ChE inhibition.	Atropine	94-110	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	252-255
20705903-4	2010	GLP-2 inhibitory effect was not affected by N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), apamin (a blocker of small conductance Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) channels), or [Lys1,Pro2,5,Arg3,4,Tyr6]VIP(7-28) (a VIP receptor antagonist), but it was prevented by atropine or pertussis toxin (PTX), a G(i/o) protein inhibitor.	Atropine	283-291	glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor	Mus musculus	0-5
20724483-9	2010	In the presence of prazosin (0.3 muM) or guanethidine (10 muM), or in prostates taken from alpha(1A)-adrenoceptor knockout mice, residual nerve-mediated contraction was abolished by atropine (1 muM), but not suramin (30 muM).	Atropine	182-190	adrenergic receptor, alpha 1a	Mus musculus	91-113
20686171-6	2010	Pretreatment with atropine completely abolished the motilin-induced gastric phase III contractions.	Atropine	18-26	motilin	Homo sapiens	52-59
21040854-4	2010	Moreover, in contrast to controls, in NR1(PVCre-/-) mice the remaining theta rhythm was abolished by the administration of atropine.	Atropine	123-131	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA1 (zeta 1)	Mus musculus	38-41
20105433-4	2010	Beside atropine as competitive antagonist of ACh at muscarinic ACh receptors oximes as reactivators of OP-inhibited AChE are a mainstay of standard antidotal treatment.	Atropine	7-15	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	116-120
20852067-9	2010	PSCs express ACh synthesizing enzyme, VAChT, synaptophysin, and CCK receptors; exhibit CCK-dependent ACh secretion; and stimulate amylase secretion by acini, which is blocked by atropine.	Atropine	178-186	solute carrier family 18 member A3	Homo sapiens	38-43
20852067-9	2010	PSCs express ACh synthesizing enzyme, VAChT, synaptophysin, and CCK receptors; exhibit CCK-dependent ACh secretion; and stimulate amylase secretion by acini, which is blocked by atropine.	Atropine	178-186	synaptophysin	Homo sapiens	45-58
20852067-9	2010	PSCs express ACh synthesizing enzyme, VAChT, synaptophysin, and CCK receptors; exhibit CCK-dependent ACh secretion; and stimulate amylase secretion by acini, which is blocked by atropine.	Atropine	178-186	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	64-67
20852067-9	2010	PSCs express ACh synthesizing enzyme, VAChT, synaptophysin, and CCK receptors; exhibit CCK-dependent ACh secretion; and stimulate amylase secretion by acini, which is blocked by atropine.	Atropine	178-186	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	87-90
20155933-5	2010	Using this novel platform, we found that the "antagonists", atropine, N-methylscopolamine, and pirenzepine, were inverse agonists for Gpa1/Galpha(q) but low efficacy agonists for Gpa1/Galpha(12.)	Atropine	60-68	guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	134-138
21098497-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: Prophylactic atropine traditionally has been used to prevent CAS-associated hemodynamic depression.	Atropine	24-32	BCAR1 scaffold protein, Cas family member	Homo sapiens	72-75
21098497-3	2010	This study aims to compare the efficacy of prophylactic glycopyrrolate to atropine in preventing CAS-induced hemodynamic instability and cardiac complications.	Atropine	74-82	BCAR1 scaffold protein, Cas family member	Homo sapiens	97-100
20638369-4	2010	We found that BQ-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and cell migration could be inhibited by atropine, suggesting the involvement of the muscarinic receptor family.	Atropine	131-139	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	39-80
20638369-4	2010	We found that BQ-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and cell migration could be inhibited by atropine, suggesting the involvement of the muscarinic receptor family.	Atropine	131-139	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	82-88
20579654-2	2010	The perphenylcarbamated CD CSP (CCP-CSP) exhibited excellent chiral recognition of a wide range of analytes including racemic aryl alcohols, flavonoids, bendroflumethiazide, atropine and some beta-blockers.	Atropine	174-182	DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member C5	Homo sapiens	27-30
20579654-2	2010	The perphenylcarbamated CD CSP (CCP-CSP) exhibited excellent chiral recognition of a wide range of analytes including racemic aryl alcohols, flavonoids, bendroflumethiazide, atropine and some beta-blockers.	Atropine	174-182	DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member C5	Homo sapiens	36-39
20576797-4	2010	Acetylcholine (ACh) and ATP were found to provide virtually all excitatory input, because EFS-evoked contractions were abolished by the muscarinic receptor antagonist, atropine, combined with either a desensitizing agonist of P2X(1) and P2X(3) or a nonselective ATP receptor antagonist.	Atropine	168-176	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Rattus norvegicus	226-232
20576797-4	2010	Acetylcholine (ACh) and ATP were found to provide virtually all excitatory input, because EFS-evoked contractions were abolished by the muscarinic receptor antagonist, atropine, combined with either a desensitizing agonist of P2X(1) and P2X(3) or a nonselective ATP receptor antagonist.	Atropine	168-176	purinergic receptor P2X 3	Rattus norvegicus	237-243
20522637-10	2010	Ex vivo, EFS-induced contractile responses increased significantly over time and were significantly reduced by atropine starting at P14 but were sensitive to l-NAME only after P21.	Atropine	111-119	S100 calcium binding protein A9	Rattus norvegicus	132-135
20624974-8	2010	TGF-beta2 also decreased quantal content by an atropine-sensitive pathway, indicating that this change is secondary to cholinergic feedback on vesicular release.	Atropine	47-55	transforming growth factor, beta 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
20155933-5	2010	Using this novel platform, we found that the "antagonists", atropine, N-methylscopolamine, and pirenzepine, were inverse agonists for Gpa1/Galpha(q) but low efficacy agonists for Gpa1/Galpha(12.)	Atropine	60-68	succinate-CoA ligase GDP/ADP-forming subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	139-145
20155933-5	2010	Using this novel platform, we found that the "antagonists", atropine, N-methylscopolamine, and pirenzepine, were inverse agonists for Gpa1/Galpha(q) but low efficacy agonists for Gpa1/Galpha(12.)	Atropine	60-68	guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	179-183
20155933-5	2010	Using this novel platform, we found that the "antagonists", atropine, N-methylscopolamine, and pirenzepine, were inverse agonists for Gpa1/Galpha(q) but low efficacy agonists for Gpa1/Galpha(12.)	Atropine	60-68	succinate-CoA ligase GDP/ADP-forming subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	184-190
19298333-13	2010	Atropine eliminated the stimulatory effect of NMT, but the infusion of the proton pump inhibitor, YM022, and CR1505 did not.	Atropine	0-8	N-myristoyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	46-49
20543478-0	2010	[Expression and secretion of TGF-beta2 in human retinal pigment epithelium cell line D407 regulated by atropine].	Atropine	103-111	transforming growth factor beta 2	Homo sapiens	29-38
20543478-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the regulation of atropine to the expression and secretion of TGF-beta2 in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells by observing the changes of those under different treatments of atropine and carbachol.	Atropine	44-52	transforming growth factor beta 2	Homo sapiens	88-97
20143290-9	2010	The increase of plasma insulin and blood glucose-lowering action induced by racecadotril were reduced by pretreatment with atropine and enhanced by physotigmine.	Atropine	123-131	insulin	Mesocricetus auratus	23-30
19531280-6	2010	Here, we set out to test the actions of typical, atypical and potential antipsychotics on atropine-induced disruption of the DCE and the related mPFC Fos-immunoreactivity profile.	Atropine	90-98	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	150-153
19767403-6	2010	These effects were abolished by atropine and were therefore mediated by ACh accumulated in the myocardium during AChE inhibition.	Atropine	32-40	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
19531280-9	2010	Compared to contingent control groups, an increased level of Fos immunoreactivity within the mPFC was observed only with doses that reversed atropine-induced disruption of the DCE.	Atropine	141-149	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
20021253-9	2010	The increased expression and secretion of TGF-beta(2) caused by carbachol were suppressed by atropine (in the range of 10 nM-100 microM) when compared to treatment with carbachol alone (p &lt; 0.001).	Atropine	93-101	transforming growth factor beta 2	Homo sapiens	42-50
20699592-6	2010	EEA-1, but not senna, also increased the intestinal tension of isolated jejunum and ileum in guinea pigs, and the tension increase was blocked by atropine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, but not by other inhibitors (granicetron, pyrilamine, or bradykinin-antagonist peptide).	Atropine	146-154	early endosome antigen 1	Cavia porcellus	0-5
20699592-7	2010	Furthermore, the increase in frequency and weight of stools induced by EEA-1 were blocked by pre-administration of atropine in the model mice.	Atropine	115-123	early endosome antigen 1	Mus musculus	71-76
20021253-1	2010	PURPOSE: To investigate the (i) effect(s) of cholinergics on the expression and secretion of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(2) in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and (ii) mechanism of action of atropine in the treatment of myopia.	Atropine	208-216	transforming growth factor beta 2	Homo sapiens	121-124
19841475-5	2010	The hM(1) receptor possessing a L430A/L431A double-point mutation was retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and atropine treatment caused the redistribution of the mutant receptor from the ER to the plasma membrane.	Atropine	118-126	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
19841475-7	2010	The effect of atropine on the L430A/L431A receptor mutant suggests that L(430) and L(431) play a role in folding hM(1) receptors, which is necessary for exit from the ER.	Atropine	14-22	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 1	Homo sapiens	113-118
19841475-8	2010	Using site-directed mutagenesis, we also identified amino acid residues at the base of transmembrane-spanning domain 1 (TM1), V(46) and L(47), that, when mutated, reduce the plasma membrane expression of hM(1) receptors in an atropine-reversible manner.	Atropine	226-234	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 1	Homo sapiens	204-209
19779018-11	2009	Preincubation with a combination of atropine and diazoxide abolished the potentiating effect of galanin, indicating muscarinic receptor and insulin mediation.	Atropine	36-44	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Mus musculus	96-135
20021253-11	2010	CONCLUSIONS: In RPE cells, atropine inhibits the expression and secretion of TGF-beta(2) by blocking the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR), which may control the development of myopia.	Atropine	27-35	transforming growth factor beta 2	Homo sapiens	77-85
19881503-2	2009	In contrast, using a complete rat hippocampus in vitro, we found several intrinsic, atropine-resistant theta generators in CA1.	Atropine	84-92	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-126
19523991-8	2009	Atropine (10(-6) M) partially inhibited VP-induced excitatory effect on the muscle strips but hexamethonium (10(-4) M) did not influence it.	Atropine	0-8	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	40-42
19549525-6	2009	In TRPC4-deficient ileal myocytes the carbachol-induced membrane depolarizations are diminished greatly and the atropine-sensitive contraction elicited by acetylcholine release from excitatory motor neurons is reduced greatly.	Atropine	112-120	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 4	Mus musculus	3-8
19371264-9	2009	The results of the present study show that obidoxime administered separately and jointly with atropine and diazepam 24 hrs after intoxication was effective on reactivation of chlorfenvinphos-inhibited acetylcholinesterase in the central nervous system and in the peripheral tissues.	Atropine	94-102	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	201-221
19778190-8	2009	RBC-AChE activity mirrors the function of n-receptor- and m-receptor-mediated cholinergic signaling as measured by neuromuscular transmission and atropine requirements.	Atropine	146-154	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	4-8
19647228-5	2009	The present study was designed in the rat masseter muscle to assess (1) whether the parasympathetic nerve innervating vessels have VIP immunoreactivities, (2) whether intravenous administration of VIP induces the vasodilatation, and (3) effects of selective VIP receptor antagonist ([4Cl-d-Phe(6), Leu(17)] VIP) in the presence or absence of atropine on the parasympathetic vasodilatation.	Atropine	342-350	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	197-200
19647228-5	2009	The present study was designed in the rat masseter muscle to assess (1) whether the parasympathetic nerve innervating vessels have VIP immunoreactivities, (2) whether intravenous administration of VIP induces the vasodilatation, and (3) effects of selective VIP receptor antagonist ([4Cl-d-Phe(6), Leu(17)] VIP) in the presence or absence of atropine on the parasympathetic vasodilatation.	Atropine	342-350	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	197-200
19647228-5	2009	The present study was designed in the rat masseter muscle to assess (1) whether the parasympathetic nerve innervating vessels have VIP immunoreactivities, (2) whether intravenous administration of VIP induces the vasodilatation, and (3) effects of selective VIP receptor antagonist ([4Cl-d-Phe(6), Leu(17)] VIP) in the presence or absence of atropine on the parasympathetic vasodilatation.	Atropine	342-350	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	197-200
19647228-9	2009	However, treatment with [4Cl-d-Phe(6), Leu(17)] VIP markedly decreased the parasympathetic vasodilatation when [4Cl-d-Phe(6), Leu(17)] VIP was administered together with atropine.	Atropine	170-178	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
19647228-10	2009	These results suggest that (1) VIP exists in the postganglionic parasympathetic nerve innervating the vessels in the masseter muscle, (2) the intravenous administration of VIP induces the vasodilatation in the masseter muscle, and (3) VIP may be involved in the parasympathetic vasodilatation in the masseter muscle when muscarinic cholinergic receptors are deactivated by either atropine or the suppression of the ACh release.	Atropine	380-388	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	172-175
19647228-10	2009	These results suggest that (1) VIP exists in the postganglionic parasympathetic nerve innervating the vessels in the masseter muscle, (2) the intravenous administration of VIP induces the vasodilatation in the masseter muscle, and (3) VIP may be involved in the parasympathetic vasodilatation in the masseter muscle when muscarinic cholinergic receptors are deactivated by either atropine or the suppression of the ACh release.	Atropine	380-388	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	172-175
19656467-12	2009	Both enhancement of InsP3 production and glutamate release observed in PC12-NCS-1 were blocked by atropine (10 microM).	Atropine	98-106	neuronal calcium sensor 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
19088809-1	2008	In animal studies, the whole-body glucose disposal effect of insulin is low in the fasted state or after atropine infusion, but doubles after a meal, consistent with the hepatic insulin-sensitizing substance (HISS) hypothesis.	Atropine	105-113	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
19428953-3	2009	A mainstay of standard antidotal treatment is atropine for antagonizing effects mediated by over stimulation of muscarinic ACh-receptors and oxime to reactivate OP-inhibited AChE.	Atropine	46-54	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	174-178
19354088-13	2009	The administration of atropine before 90 minutes of low-intensity exercise significantly increased cortisol, prolactin, and norepinephrine, decreased growth hormone, and significantly increased cardiovascular stress.	Atropine	22-30	prolactin	Homo sapiens	109-118
19354088-13	2009	The administration of atropine before 90 minutes of low-intensity exercise significantly increased cortisol, prolactin, and norepinephrine, decreased growth hormone, and significantly increased cardiovascular stress.	Atropine	22-30	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	150-164
19183117-6	2009	CONCLUSION: When VHR is diagnosed, atropine is the treatment permitting resolution of symptomatic episodes of bradycardia and early and safe discharge from hospital.	Atropine	35-43	dual specificity phosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	17-20
19221016-8	2009	ACh-induced MMP1, MMP7, and MMP10 gene transcription was attenuated by atropine, anti-EGFR antibody, and chemical inhibitors of EGFR and ERK activation.	Atropine	71-79	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	12-16
19221016-8	2009	ACh-induced MMP1, MMP7, and MMP10 gene transcription was attenuated by atropine, anti-EGFR antibody, and chemical inhibitors of EGFR and ERK activation.	Atropine	71-79	matrix metallopeptidase 7	Homo sapiens	18-22
19221016-8	2009	ACh-induced MMP1, MMP7, and MMP10 gene transcription was attenuated by atropine, anti-EGFR antibody, and chemical inhibitors of EGFR and ERK activation.	Atropine	71-79	matrix metallopeptidase 10	Homo sapiens	28-33
19207823-10	2009	Atropine (5 mg/kg) also inhibited the stimulatory effect of central injection of orexin-A on acid secretion.	Atropine	0-8	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	81-89
19111886-10	2009	We report here that the combination of atropine and imidazenil is at least 10-fold more potent and longer lasting than the combination with diazepam at protecting rats from DFP-induced seizures and the associated neuronal damage or ongoing degeneration in the anterior cingulate cortex, CA1 hippocampus, and dentate gyrus.	Atropine	39-47	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	287-290
19371524-5	2009	Serum cholinesterase levels were suppressed with dichlorvos, and these reductions were inhibited with atropine and/or pralidoxime pretreatment.	Atropine	102-110	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	6-20
19088809-2	2008	We tested how a standardized test meal and atropine affected the dynamic response to insulin in humans.	Atropine	43-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	85-92
19088809-7	2008	In the atropine protocol, the drug partially blocked (56.5% +/- 11.6%, n = 6) insulin sensitivity.	Atropine	7-15	insulin	Homo sapiens	78-85
18675282-7	2008	Finally, we demonstrate that depolarization of CA3 pyramidal cells leads to calcium dependent release of endogenous cannabinoids that transiently inhibit A/C mediated responses, and that this effect is also sensitive to both AM-251 and the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist atropine.	Atropine	285-293	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	47-50
19031285-7	2008	Atropine was given to about 30% of the individuals, including to some with no cholinergic symptoms or exposed to non-acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.	Atropine	0-8	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	117-137
18755242-8	2008	The effect of orexin-A at dose of 10 ng/rat disappeared by pretreatment with atropine sulfate, a muscarinic receptor blocker, and thioperamide maleate salt.	Atropine	77-93	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	14-22
18604228-10	2008	Finally, responses to basolateral BK in intact tissues were inhibited by tetrodotoxin (1 microM), atropine (1 microM), capsaicin (100 microM) and piroxicam (10 microM).	Atropine	98-106	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	34-36
18507656-6	2008	Concurrent administration of fingolimod and atropine yielded a nadir of 66 +/- 6 beats min(-1) resulting in an atropine: placebo ratio (90% confidence interval) of 1.30 (1.22, 1.36).	Atropine	44-52	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	87-93
18567824-7	2008	RESULTS: In lean individuals, atropine led to a decrease in ghrelin concentrations comparable and nonadditive with breakfast ingestion and a significant decrease in both basal and meal-induced PYY concentrations.	Atropine	30-38	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	193-196
18504556-14	2008	Intracerebroventricular atropine sulfate pretreatment completely abolished the protective effect of CDP-choline, while mecamylamine pretreatment had no effect on the drug.	Atropine	24-40	cut-like homeobox 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
18658048-6	2008	Moreover, anesthetized RGS4-null mice had lower baseline heart rates and greater heart rate increases following atropine administration.	Atropine	112-120	regulator of G-protein signaling 4	Mus musculus	23-27
18644388-8	2008	In mXinalpha+/+ RA-LA-PV simultaneously treated with ISO, strophanthidin and atropine, the incidence of the automatic rhythm was about the same, but AF increased significantly.	Atropine	77-85	xin actin-binding repeat containing 1	Mus musculus	3-12
18555802-9	2008	CONCLUSIONS: CCK at physiologic concentrations in the presence of atropine and tetrodotoxin elicits cytosolic Ca(2+) signaling, activates mitochondrial function, and stimulates enzyme secretion in isolated human pancreatic acinar cells.	Atropine	66-74	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	13-16
18991751-2	2008	Therapy comprises the use of atropine and pyridinium oximes to reactivate acetylcholinesterase (AChE).	Atropine	29-37	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	74-94
18991751-2	2008	Therapy comprises the use of atropine and pyridinium oximes to reactivate acetylcholinesterase (AChE).	Atropine	29-37	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	96-100
18507656-6	2008	Concurrent administration of fingolimod and atropine yielded a nadir of 66 +/- 6 beats min(-1) resulting in an atropine: placebo ratio (90% confidence interval) of 1.30 (1.22, 1.36).	Atropine	111-119	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	87-93
18507656-7	2008	When atropine was administered at the time of the nadir, it was able to reverse the negative chronotropic effect of fingolimod from a heart rate of 56 +/- 9 beats min(-1) (placebo) to 64 +/- 8 beats min(-1) (atropine) resulting in an atropine: placebo ratio of 1.15 (1.04, 1.26).	Atropine	5-13	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	163-169
18507656-7	2008	When atropine was administered at the time of the nadir, it was able to reverse the negative chronotropic effect of fingolimod from a heart rate of 56 +/- 9 beats min(-1) (placebo) to 64 +/- 8 beats min(-1) (atropine) resulting in an atropine: placebo ratio of 1.15 (1.04, 1.26).	Atropine	5-13	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	199-205
18298664-4	2008	The mixed nAChR-mAChR agonists acetylcholine (ACh) and carbachol provoked [(3)H]DA release partially sensitive to the mAChR antagonist atropine but totally blocked by the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine.	Atropine	135-143	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	10-15
18499160-10	2008	In addition, pretreatment with atropine and phentolamine but not propranolol also prevented macrophage migration inhibitory factor release.	Atropine	31-39	macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Rattus norvegicus	92-130
18282258-13	2008	Edrophonium (0.5 mg kg(-1)) and atropine (80 microg kg(-1)) caused the mildest HR changes without ECG and noncardiac AN disturbances, and is recommended for the antagonism of NMB in sheep.	Atropine	32-40	neuromedin-B	Ovis aries	175-178
18248661-11	2008	Blocking CCK(1) or muscarinic receptors completely abolished PHA-stimulated gallbladder contraction (dexloxiglumide 208.7 +/- 23.7%; atropine 104 +/- 7.0% of basal volume) while none of the treatments affected CCK levels.	Atropine	133-141	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	9-12
18522222-0	2008	[Effect of arecholine and atropine administration on the carboxypeptidase H and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride-inhibited carboxypeptidase activities in the rat nervous tissue].	Atropine	26-34	carboxypeptidase E	Rattus norvegicus	57-75
18709030-9	2008	The POP scale and serum cholinesterase at presentation appeared useful to assess the severity of poisoning, particularly in terms of higher amount of atropine and prolonged duration of hospital stay.	Atropine	150-158	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	24-38
18522222-1	2008	The effect of a single dose administration of arecholine and atropine on the activities of carboxypeptidase H and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride-inhibited carboxypeptidase involved into the final stage of formation of biologically active neuropeptides from precursors has been studied.	Atropine	61-69	carboxypeptidase E	Rattus norvegicus	91-109
18522222-3	2008	These results suggest that one of possible mechanisms of reduction of neuropeptide levels by arecholine and atropine consists in suppression of activity of enzymes taking part in there metabolism--carboxypeptidase H and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride-inhibited carboxypeptidase.	Atropine	108-116	carboxypeptidase E	Rattus norvegicus	197-215
18369575-6	2008	RESULTS: Atropine administration prior to LPS induction of the inflammatory response resulted in reduced TNF-alpha and elevated IL-10 plasma levels without affecting the production of IL-6.	Atropine	9-17	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	105-114
18359683-5	2008	Ghrelin also showed excitatory effect on the MMCs, which was inhibited by atropine, L-arginine or (D-Lys3)GHRP-6, but not by propranolol and phentolamine.	Atropine	74-82	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
18374098-14	2008	Electrical stimulation of the sympathetic trunks in the presence of 4 micromol/L phentolamine and 5 micromol/L atropine resulted in increased insulin secretion in NGF-treated islet transplants (164%) compared with control transplants (30%).	Atropine	111-119	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	163-166
17825442-8	2008	These stimulatory actions of ghrelin on both gastric myoelectrical activity and gastric emptying were not fully eliminated by pretreatment with atropine sulphate.	Atropine	144-161	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	29-36
18369575-6	2008	RESULTS: Atropine administration prior to LPS induction of the inflammatory response resulted in reduced TNF-alpha and elevated IL-10 plasma levels without affecting the production of IL-6.	Atropine	9-17	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	128-133
18035420-9	2008	K048 (in combination with atropine) significantly decreased acetylcholinesterase inhibition at 24 h after malathion poisoning.	Atropine	26-34	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	60-80
18184179-7	2008	In the presence of atropine, M-1 and propiverine significantly inhibited the atropine resistant part of the contraction induced by EFS.	Atropine	77-85	myoregulin	Homo sapiens	29-32
18057204-4	2007	Modulation of CA3 synaptic inputs during novelty was blocked by atropine at a dose that blocks type 2 theta rhythm.	Atropine	64-72	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
18052688-0	2008	Chronic atropine administration diminishes the contribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide to heart rate regulation.	Atropine	8-16	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	63-96
18052688-2	2008	In this study, the impact of acute and chronic atropine administration on VIP levels in rat heart atria was investigated in relation to heart rate in the course of vagus nerves stimulation.	Atropine	47-55	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
18052688-7	2008	Compared to controls, VIP levels were significantly decreased after chronic atropine treatment and they were not further reduced by vagal stimulation and single atropine administration.	Atropine	76-84	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
18052688-9	2008	In conclusion, the data indicate that chronic atropine administration affects VIP synthesis in rat heart atria and consequently it modifies the heart rate regulation.	Atropine	46-54	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
17884041-6	2007	Pretreatment with atropine plus hexamethonium attenuated or blocked pressor response to CDP-choline or phosphocholine, respectively.	Atropine	18-26	cut-like homeobox 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
17884041-7	2007	Heart rate responses to CDP-choline, phosphocholine and choline were blocked by atropine and reversed by hexamethonium.	Atropine	80-88	cut-like homeobox 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-27
17900562-7	2007	Furthermore, pre-treatment with atropine reduced both CNP-stimulated pancreatic flow and chloride excretion but failed to modify protein excretion.	Atropine	32-40	natriuretic peptide C	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
17606342-7	2007	Acetylcholine (ACh) responses under HNP-1 did not differ from the frequency increase induced by ACh alone, and the ACh antagonist atropine left the response to HNP-1 intact.	Atropine	130-138	HNP1	Homo sapiens	160-165
17975110-4	2007	However, IP injection of atropine (1 mg/kg), propranolol (1 mg/kg), or both drugs in combination unmasked elevated heart rates in PI3Kgamma(-/-) mice, suggesting altered sinoatrial node (SAN) function.	Atropine	25-33	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma	Mus musculus	130-139
18064061-5	2007	injection of ACh and atropine on the noxious stimulation-evoked activities of PEN and PIN in the CA1 area.	Atropine	21-29	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
17693545-10	2007	Cardiac microdialysis technique demonstrated that topical perfusion of acetylcholine increased dialysate TIMP-1 protein level, which was suppressed by coperfusion of atropine.	Atropine	166-174	metalloproteinase inhibitor 1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	105-111
17586490-7	2007	The response to capsaicin was abolished in the presence of a TRPV1 antagonist, N-(4-tertiarybutylphenyl)-4-(3-chlorphyridin-2-yl)tetrahydropyrazine-1(2H)-carbox-amide (BCTC), but not altered in the presence of either tetrodotoxin, atropine or indomethacin.	Atropine	231-239	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-66
17708847-11	2007	CONCLUSION: With the same level of enzymatic activity of cholinesterase, the symptoms of the patients poisoned via gastrointestinal tract are more serious than poisoning through skin, and the quantity of atropine is used very much more.	Atropine	204-212	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	57-71
17061159-12	2007	JNK1 plays a key role in the development of cold-restraint stress-induced gastric lesions in mice through the activation of cholinergic, atropine sensitive pathways.	Atropine	137-145	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	0-4
17325142-11	2007	The ICER comparing atropine to the combined regimen was 1.81 (95% CI = -6.31-15.35) and compared to cyclopentolate was 0.59 (95% CI = -3.47-5.47).	Atropine	19-27	cAMP responsive element modulator	Homo sapiens	4-8
17569886-4	2007	In contrast, when CD34+ cells are cultured in EGM-2 supplemented with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (50 ng/mL), they give rise to SM-like cells characterized by spindle-shape morphology, expression of SM cell markers (alpha-SM actin, SM myosin heavy chain, calponin, caldesmon, SM alpha-22), and the ability to contract and relax in response to common pharmacological agents such as carbachol and atropine but rarely form capillary-like structures when placed in Matrigel.	Atropine	401-409	CD34 molecule	Homo sapiens	18-22
17383686-5	2007	Western blot analysis revealed a rapid (within 2 min) activation of p42/44 MAPK (ERK1, ERK2) following exposure to 10 microM carbachol or oxotremorine, effects blocked by tiotropium as well as atropine.	Atropine	193-201	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	68-79
17383686-5	2007	Western blot analysis revealed a rapid (within 2 min) activation of p42/44 MAPK (ERK1, ERK2) following exposure to 10 microM carbachol or oxotremorine, effects blocked by tiotropium as well as atropine.	Atropine	193-201	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	81-85
17383686-5	2007	Western blot analysis revealed a rapid (within 2 min) activation of p42/44 MAPK (ERK1, ERK2) following exposure to 10 microM carbachol or oxotremorine, effects blocked by tiotropium as well as atropine.	Atropine	193-201	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	87-91
17220376-11	2007	However, extracellular MBP in challenged airways was significantly increased by atropine pretreatment, which may account for reduced eosinophils.	Atropine	80-88	myelin basic protein	Cavia porcellus	23-26
17220376-12	2007	Depleting eosinophils with antibody to IL-5 before challenge prevented hyperreactivity and significantly reduced MBP in airways of atropine-pretreated animals.	Atropine	131-139	interleukin-5	Cavia porcellus	39-43
17220376-12	2007	Depleting eosinophils with antibody to IL-5 before challenge prevented hyperreactivity and significantly reduced MBP in airways of atropine-pretreated animals.	Atropine	131-139	myelin basic protein	Cavia porcellus	113-116
17530356-6	2007	The gastroprotective action of centrally administered orexin-A was blocked by pretreatment with atropine, Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methylester, or indomethacin.	Atropine	96-104	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	54-62
17397728-1	2007	We describe a technique combining preoperative atropine sulfate 1% and intraoperative intracameral epinephrine in a 1:2500 dilution for the management of intraoperative floppy-iris syndrome (IFIS) induced by alpha(1A)-blocking agents such as tamsulosin.	Atropine	47-63	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A	Homo sapiens	208-216
17397728-2	2007	Patients on alpha(1A)-blocking agents used topical atropine sulfate 1% 3 times a day for 2 days before surgery.	Atropine	51-67	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A	Homo sapiens	12-20
17520106-6	2007	In Study 1, the absolute SAA varied in a wide range of 1.2 and 14.5 atropine equivalents (AEs) over 24 h. A circadian pattern was not observed.	Atropine	68-76	serum amyloid A1 cluster	Homo sapiens	25-28
17061159-9	2007	Since cold-restraint stress-induced gastric lesions involve the activation of cholinergic pathways, we tested the effect of atropine on both the development of gastric lesions and JNK1 activation.	Atropine	124-132	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	180-184
17061159-10	2007	Pretreatment of WT mice with atropine completely inhibited both cold-restraint stress-induced lesions and JNK1 activation.	Atropine	29-37	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	106-110
17454854-12	2007	Pretreatment with atropine, L-arginine, ondansetron, and (D-Lys3)GHRP-6 inhibited the effects of ghrelin.	Atropine	18-26	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	97-104
17393632-4	2007	RESULTS: The concentration of [Ca2+]i in the group of Foot-Yangming Meridian was obviously higher than that of the atropine group (P&lt;0.01), but with no significant differences found among all the other groups (P&gt;0.05).	Atropine	115-123	carbonic anhydrase 2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	31-34
17211455-4	2007	KEY RESULTS: In the mouse forestomach, NMU (1 nM-10 microM) concentration-dependently induced muscle contraction, in the presence of tetrodotoxin and atropine, in preparations from both wild-type and NMU2R-/- mice (pEC50: 7.9, 7.6, Emax: 0.26, 0.20g tension, respectively, n=8 each concentration).	Atropine	150-158	neuromedin U	Mus musculus	39-42
16938493-10	2007	Icv-injection of GLP-1 (3 nmol)-induced acceleration of colonic transit was attenuated by vagotomy, atropine and hexamethonium, but not by guanethidine.	Atropine	100-108	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
17407133-3	2007	Hyperpolarizing responses generated by focal ACh application near the somata of CA1 pyramidal neurons were blocked by atropine or the M1-like mAChR antagonist pirenzepine, but not by the M2-like mAChR antagonist methoctramine.	Atropine	118-126	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	80-83
17064572-24	2006	The effects of leptin on gastric motility were blocked by anti-leptin serum, atropine, and CCK-A receptor blocker loxiglumide.	Atropine	77-85	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	15-21
17072091-9	2006	Study 2: After the administration of atropine, CO was significantly increased from 4.28+/-0.83 to 5.76+/-1.55 l min(-1) (p&lt;0.0001).	Atropine	37-45	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	112-118
16911251-6	2006	The concentration-response curve (rat ileum, EC(50): 1.5 +/- 0.9 x 10(-8) M) was shifted to the right by the AT1R receptor antagonist losartan (10(-7) M) but was unaffected by the AT2R antagonist PD123319 (10(-7) M) as well as by the adrenolytic guanethidine (3 x 10(-6) M) and the anticholinergic atropine (10(-6) M).	Atropine	298-306	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	109-113
16859671-11	2006	In the presence of atropine 1 microM, L-NAME 0.3 mM or the tachykinin receptor antagonists (as above), ghrelin 1 microM increased any EFS-induced contraction but in the presence of atropine had no effects on EFS-evoked relaxations.	Atropine	19-27	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	103-110
16859671-11	2006	In the presence of atropine 1 microM, L-NAME 0.3 mM or the tachykinin receptor antagonists (as above), ghrelin 1 microM increased any EFS-induced contraction but in the presence of atropine had no effects on EFS-evoked relaxations.	Atropine	181-189	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	103-110
21158078-7	2006	Pretreatment with atropine weakened the tachycardiac response induced by TRH.	Atropine	18-26	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
16762378-6	2006	Exogenous administration of either OXA or nicotine induced a transient contraction that was completely inhibited by atropine and tetrodotoxin.	Atropine	116-124	hypocretin	Mus musculus	35-38
16762378-11	2006	Exogenous OXA, in the presence of atropine, induced a relaxation that was significantly inhibited by both l-nitroarginine and SB-334867-A, but not by hexamethonium.	Atropine	34-42	hypocretin	Mus musculus	10-13
16865627-12	2006	Increasing insufflation pressure with helium eliminated differences (p &lt; 0.05) in TNF-alpha production between saline- and atropine-treated groups but had no effect among CO2 pneumoperitoneum-treated animals.	Atropine	126-134	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	85-94
16678862-0	2006	Fos immunolabelling evidence for brain regions involved in the Pavlovian degraded contingency effect and in its disruption by atropine.	Atropine	126-134	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
16678862-6	2006	Compared to the normal DCE, atropine-induced disruption of the DCE was associated with an increase of the amount of Fos immunoreactive neurons within the central nucleus of the amygdala.	Atropine	28-36	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	116-119
16678862-7	2006	When atropine-induced suppression of the DCE, Fos pattern was modified in the mPFC with a change in Fos immunoreactivity, but no longer associated with the DCE.	Atropine	5-13	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
16678862-7	2006	When atropine-induced suppression of the DCE, Fos pattern was modified in the mPFC with a change in Fos immunoreactivity, but no longer associated with the DCE.	Atropine	5-13	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
16567131-2	2006	The NK1 receptor agonist septide (1-100 nM) induced dose-dependent contractions which were reduced by atropine and augmented by L-NNA.	Atropine	102-110	tachykinin receptor 1	Mus musculus	4-16
16469825-4	2006	Pretreatment with atropine or hexamethonium or an acute vagotomy, but not a perivagal application of capsaicin, completely abolished pancreatic protein secretion responses to ghrelin.	Atropine	18-26	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	175-182
16718754-10	2006	In addition, intravenous administration of CCK has been observed to reproduce the symptoms in FD and this effect can be blocked both by atropine and loxiglumide (CCK-A antagonist).	Atropine	136-144	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	43-46
16842673-5	2006	The M(2)-receptors antagonist, atropine was able to block these effects of carbachol and Abs.	Atropine	31-39	DEAD-box helicase 41	Homo sapiens	89-92
16520096-4	2006	TRH injected into the DMN or cisterna magna increases the firing of DMN neurons and gastric vagal efferent discharge, activates cholinergic neurons in gastric submucosal and myenteric plexuses, and induces a vagal-dependent, atropine-sensitive stimulation of gastric secretory (acid, pepsin) and motor functions.	Atropine	225-233	TRH	Canis lupus familiaris	0-3
17288495-1	2006	The traditional therapeutic treatment of organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor (nerve agents) poisoning consists of co-treatment with an antimuscarinic (atropine) and a reactivator of inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which contains a nucleophilic oxime function.	Atropine	156-164	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	57-71
16364982-11	2006	Finally, atropine-resistant vasodilatation was partly blocked by L-NAME, and the remaining vasodilatation was abolished by spantide I (substance P receptor antagonist).	Atropine	9-17	tachykinin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	135-155
16756135-2	2006	The power of CA1 and dentate gyrus RSA in the 3-7 Hz band was increased after administering the first 3 doses of atropine (1, 3 and 10 mg x kg(-1) cumulatively) in rats held in the stereotaxic frame or removed from the frame and given electrical sensory stimulation to the base of the tail.	Atropine	113-121	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
16518518-6	2006	Pretreatment with N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist memantine, in combination with atropine sulfate, provides significant protection against inhibition of AChE, increases of ROS/RNS, and depletion of high-energy phosphates induced by DFP/carbofuran.	Atropine	97-113	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	169-173
16770798-4	2006	Here we report that cholinergic afferent stimulation also elicits atropine-sensitive synaptic potentials in hippocampal CA1 interneurons but, in contrast to synaptic responses in pyramidal neurons, these are highly diverse in waveform, although can still be classified into five distinct subtypes.	Atropine	66-74	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-123
16724307-15	2006	The results suggest that the selective ET-A antagonist LU acts on the atropine-resistant component of efferent detrusor activation since additional administration of atropine almost completely abolish detrusor contraction.	Atropine	70-78	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	39-43
16724307-15	2006	The results suggest that the selective ET-A antagonist LU acts on the atropine-resistant component of efferent detrusor activation since additional administration of atropine almost completely abolish detrusor contraction.	Atropine	166-174	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	39-43
16785762-6	2006	Carbachol and isoproterenol-induced CREB phosphorylation was blocked by atropine (a muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist) and propranolol (a beta-adrenergic antagonist), respectively.	Atropine	72-80	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	36-40
16958557-39	2006	The converse, giving atropine to treat poisoning with cholinesterase inhibitors, of which physostigmine was the first, has endured more consistently and remains standard practice today.	Atropine	21-29	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	54-68
16635226-12	2006	The effect of motilin is atropine-resistant and involves a direct muscular pathway or a non-cholinergic neural pathway.	Atropine	25-33	motilin	Homo sapiens	14-21
16439036-4	2006	Activation of Akt by carbachol was antagonized by atropine and inhibited by LY294002 and PP2.	Atropine	50-58	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	14-17
16338999-9	2006	Application of the muscarinic AChR antagonist atropine (1 microM) did not block the enhancement of activity by neostigmine (n = 7).	Atropine	46-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
16702620-4	2006	The 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist 5-carboxamidotryptamine inhibited 3H overflow only in the presence of atropine.	Atropine	101-109	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B	Oryctolagus cuniculus	4-10
16702620-5	2006	The 5-HT4 and 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonists 5-HT and 5-methoxytryptamine reduced 3H overflow in the absence and presence of atropine, and this effect was blocked by methiothepin, a non-selective 5-HT receptor antagonist, in the presence of atropine.	Atropine	122-130	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B	Oryctolagus cuniculus	14-20
16702620-5	2006	The 5-HT4 and 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonists 5-HT and 5-methoxytryptamine reduced 3H overflow in the absence and presence of atropine, and this effect was blocked by methiothepin, a non-selective 5-HT receptor antagonist, in the presence of atropine.	Atropine	238-246	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B	Oryctolagus cuniculus	14-20
16191443-4	2006	Moreover, intra-CA1 administration of the muscarinic receptor antagonist, atropine (1, 4 and 7 microg/rat) inhibited the morphine (6 mg/kg)-induced CPP dose-dependently.	Atropine	74-82	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
16191443-5	2006	On the other hand, atropine (7 microg/rat, intra-CA1) reversed the physostigmine-induced potentiation of the morphine response.	Atropine	19-27	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
16883636-3	2006	BPI-induced vascular relaxations were also markedly attenuated by the addition of verapamil or diltiazem, while the relaxant effect of BPI was not blocked by pretreatment with indomethacine, glibenclamide, tetraethylammonium (TEA), atropine, or propranolol.	Atropine	232-240	bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
16883636-3	2006	BPI-induced vascular relaxations were also markedly attenuated by the addition of verapamil or diltiazem, while the relaxant effect of BPI was not blocked by pretreatment with indomethacine, glibenclamide, tetraethylammonium (TEA), atropine, or propranolol.	Atropine	232-240	bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein	Rattus norvegicus	135-138
16804302-11	2006	By contrast, the COX-2 expression induced by indomethacin was prevented by both PGE(2) and atropine.	Atropine	91-99	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
16409531-2	2006	A bolus of 0.1 mg intravenous atropine resulted in tachycardia of up to 180-220 b x min(-1), which persisted for 35 min.	Atropine	30-38	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	84-90
16330775-5	2005	PLC-beta1(-/-) mice also have somewhat disrupted theta activity during paradoxical sleep but do have an atropine-resistant component of theta rhythm.	Atropine	104-112	phospholipase C, beta 1	Mus musculus	0-9
16263091-7	2005	Etilefrine and atropine were specifically transported into CHO cells by hOCT3.	Atropine	15-23	solute carrier family 22 member 3	Homo sapiens	72-77
16112395-8	2005	The central TRH-induced increase in hepatic cAMP was abolished by vagotomy, atropine and indomethacin, but not by 6-OHDA.	Atropine	76-84	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
16479149-10	2006	On the other hand, the spectral powers were decreased in response to parasympathetic blockade (atropine) in WT and Ca(V)beta(3)-Tg mice.	Atropine	95-103	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, beta 3 subunit	Mus musculus	115-126
16393932-2	2005	Nerve agent poisoning is conventionally treated using a combination of a cholinolytic (atropine mostly) to counteract the accumulation of acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase reactivators (pralidoxime or obidoxime) to reactivate inhibited acetylcholinesterase.	Atropine	87-95	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	241-261
16045692-11	2005	After addition of carbachol to the upper compartment, an increase of fibronectin induced chemotaxis of approximately 30% was observed, an effect abrogated by atropine.	Atropine	158-166	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	69-80
16167790-9	2005	When the atropine 40 microg x kg(-1) was administered, heart rate increased &gt; 20 beats x min(-1) in all patients of the control group, but 62.5% of patients in the clonidine group (P&lt; 0.05).	Atropine	9-17	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	92-98
16167799-7	2005	Atropine 0.5 mg was given intravenously and heart rate increased to 50 beats x min(-1).	Atropine	0-8	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	79-85
16167799-8	2005	Additionally atropine 0.25 mg increased heart rate to 70 beats x min(-1).	Atropine	13-21	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	65-71
16293236-1	2005	Current antidotes for organophosphorus compounds (OP) poisoning consist of a combination of pretreatment with carbamates (pyridostigmine bromide), to protect acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from irreversible inhibition by OP compounds, and post-exposure therapy with anti-cholinergic drugs (atropine sulfate) to counteract the effects of excess acetylcholine and oximes (e.g., 2-PAM chloride) to reactivate OP-inhibited AChE.	Atropine	287-303	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	180-184
16263110-5	2005	CNP response was diminished by atropine and hexamethonium, but it was abolished by vagotomy.	Atropine	31-39	natriuretic peptide C	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
16040141-9	2005	The TRH-induced stimulation of pancreatic blood flow was abolished by atropine or N(G)-nitro-l-arginine-methyl ester.	Atropine	70-78	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
16141654-2	2005	The present study was conducted to investigate whether the impairment of male fertility induced by atropine was related to the inhibition of sperm and semen transports from the vas deferens and seminal vesicle to the urethra during the process of emission.	Atropine	99-107	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	177-180
16141654-7	2005	The average number of sperm in the vas deferens was increased in the atropine-treated males.	Atropine	69-77	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
16042989-5	2005	Contractions induced by EFS were abolished by either TTX (1 microM) or atropine (1 microM) and concentration-dependently (10 nM-1 microM) inhibited by N/OFQ (Emax, 11.5+/-1.8% inhibition).	Atropine	71-79	prepronociceptin	Homo sapiens	151-156
16231694-1	2005	The SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells were treated with acetylcholine (Ach) and atropine (Atro), the proliferation activity of cells was detected by CCK-8 method and the cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry.	Atropine	80-88	hedgehog acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	4-8
16231694-3	2005	Results showed 1 mmol/L Ach could significantly stimulate the proliferation of SK-N-SH cells and 1 mmol/L Atro could prevent SK-N-SH cells from S phase growing into G2/M phase; 1 mmol/L Ach and 1 mmol/L Atro had feedback adjustment on the protein level of mAchR1, but had no significant effect on mRNA level of mAchR1.	Atropine	106-110	hedgehog acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	125-129
16231694-3	2005	Results showed 1 mmol/L Ach could significantly stimulate the proliferation of SK-N-SH cells and 1 mmol/L Atro could prevent SK-N-SH cells from S phase growing into G2/M phase; 1 mmol/L Ach and 1 mmol/L Atro had feedback adjustment on the protein level of mAchR1, but had no significant effect on mRNA level of mAchR1.	Atropine	106-110	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 1 (muscle)	Mus musculus	256-262
16231694-3	2005	Results showed 1 mmol/L Ach could significantly stimulate the proliferation of SK-N-SH cells and 1 mmol/L Atro could prevent SK-N-SH cells from S phase growing into G2/M phase; 1 mmol/L Ach and 1 mmol/L Atro had feedback adjustment on the protein level of mAchR1, but had no significant effect on mRNA level of mAchR1.	Atropine	106-110	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 1 (muscle)	Mus musculus	311-317
15982643-2	2005	Pretreatment with the antimuscarinic drugs scopolamine and atropine was able to greatly suppress novelty-induced Fos expression at these sites.	Atropine	59-67	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
16091789-5	2005	However, pretreatment with atropine (5 mg/kg), bicuculline (10 mg/kg), phenoxybenzamine (10 mg/kg), and methysergide (5 mg/kg) were found to reverse ASH antinociception.	Atropine	27-35	growth factor receptor bound protein 2	Mus musculus	149-152
15927709-7	2005	Treatment with atropine eliminated or prevented PACAP-evoked bradycardia and arrhythmias, implicating cholinergic neurons in these responses.	Atropine	15-23	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-53
15880140-6	2005	In mouse the atropine-resistant and therefore the nonadrenergic, noncholinergic component of contractile response to EFS was reduced by M-5, M-14 and propiverine, but was hardly affected by M-6.	Atropine	13-21	cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 5	Mus musculus	136-139
15743929-5	2005	BZT analogs with variations in relative affinities for the DA transporter over M1 receptors from equal [AHN 1-055 (3alpha-[bis(4"-fluorophenyl)methoxy]-tropane)] to 16-fold [JHW 007 (N-(n-butyl)-3alpha-[bis(4"-fluorophenyl)methoxy]-tropane)] were compared with cocaine and the muscarinic antagonist, atropine.	Atropine	300-308	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	59-73
15721488-5	2005	Centrally injected atropine sulphate, a muscarinic receptor antagonist (5 microg/10 microl), prevented the gastroprotective effect of GLP-1, while mecamylamine, a nicotinic receptor antagonist (25 microg/10 microl), was ineffective.	Atropine	19-36	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	134-139
15661972-6	2005	Atropine increased MAP more in RGS2-/-than in RGS2+/+mice while HR responses were not different.	Atropine	0-8	regulator of G-protein signaling 2	Mus musculus	31-35
15637167-8	2005	However, in animals receiving intravenous atropine, 0.6 M NaCl decreased heart rate minimum and maximum in Tap but did not alter the response parameters in Iso rats.	Atropine	42-50	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
15661972-6	2005	Atropine increased MAP more in RGS2-/-than in RGS2+/+mice while HR responses were not different.	Atropine	0-8	regulator of G-protein signaling 2	Mus musculus	46-50
15713338-7	2005	The study also demonstrated that atropine alone was more effective against IL-1beta up-regulation after soman-intoxication within the 2-h time frame, than the combination of the HI 6 and atropine, the therapy of choice in many countries.	Atropine	33-41	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	75-83
15831902-6	2005	Indomethacin (COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor), SC-560 (COX-1 inhibitor), or DFU (COX-2 inhibitor) enhanced atropine sensitive electrically induced contractions of human longitudinal muscle.	Atropine	98-106	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I	Homo sapiens	14-19
15831902-6	2005	Indomethacin (COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor), SC-560 (COX-1 inhibitor), or DFU (COX-2 inhibitor) enhanced atropine sensitive electrically induced contractions of human longitudinal muscle.	Atropine	98-106	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	20-25
15831902-6	2005	Indomethacin (COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor), SC-560 (COX-1 inhibitor), or DFU (COX-2 inhibitor) enhanced atropine sensitive electrically induced contractions of human longitudinal muscle.	Atropine	98-106	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I	Homo sapiens	46-51
15831902-6	2005	Indomethacin (COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor), SC-560 (COX-1 inhibitor), or DFU (COX-2 inhibitor) enhanced atropine sensitive electrically induced contractions of human longitudinal muscle.	Atropine	98-106	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	72-77
21171329-6	2005	Pretreatment with naloxone (10 microg/10 microl) or atropine (1.5 microg/10 microl) could block the cardiovascular response of ICV injection of IL-2.	Atropine	52-60	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	144-148
15713338-8	2005	Furthermore, treatment with a combination of diazepam and atropine maintained IL-1beta levels at normal when administered at the onset of the seizures following soman exposure.	Atropine	58-66	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	78-86
15974942-9	2005	The up-regulation of COX-2 expression in response to indomethacin is prevented by atropine at a dose that inhibits gastric hypermotility but not by omeprazole at an antisecretory dose.	Atropine	82-90	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	21-26
15670800-7	2005	Pre-treatment with 1% topical atropine partially inhibited the effect of 100 nM Caly-A, but not 100 microM Y-27632, on outflow facility.	Atropine	30-38	calcyon neuron specific vesicular protein	Homo sapiens	80-84
15654704-2	2005	Standard treatment involves administration of intravenous atropine and oxime to counter acetylcholinesterase inhibition at the synapse.	Atropine	58-66	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	88-108
16259740-5	2005	Indomethacin at 3 mg/kg induced hypermotility and COX-2 expression in the intestine but not in the stomach, both in an atropine-sensitive manner.	Atropine	119-127	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	50-55
15140278-4	2004	on the spontaneous firing activity of 5-HT neurons, suggesting that atropine could induce an attenuation of somatodendritic 5-HT1A autoreceptors responsiveness.	Atropine	68-76	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	124-130
15371786-11	2004	Similarly, bladders from SMalphaA-null mice generated less force than wild-type mice in response to pretreatment EFS, and EFS after carbachol and atropine, although the difference was not significant.	Atropine	146-154	actin alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta	Mus musculus	25-33
15467015-6	2004	Differences in BP50 and gain between N-AII, G-AII, and control mice persisted after parasympathetic blockade with atropine but were eliminated after sympathetic blockade with propranolol, indicating the effects of ANG II were selective for cardiosympathetic arm of the reflex.	Atropine	114-122	CD40 antigen	Mus musculus	15-19
15531518-9	2004	When the FSIGT was conducted in the presence of atropine after glucose infusion, C-peptide levels were significantly attenuated during the period of endogenous insulin secretion (0-20 min; 31.8 +/- 13 vs. 39.2 +/- 11.9, atropine vs. no atropine) and exogenous insulin administration [20-40 min; 18.8 +/- 10.8 vs. 31.6 +/- 12.9., atropine vs. no atropine; F(3,9) = 4.99; P &lt; 0.026].	Atropine	48-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-90
15531518-9	2004	When the FSIGT was conducted in the presence of atropine after glucose infusion, C-peptide levels were significantly attenuated during the period of endogenous insulin secretion (0-20 min; 31.8 +/- 13 vs. 39.2 +/- 11.9, atropine vs. no atropine) and exogenous insulin administration [20-40 min; 18.8 +/- 10.8 vs. 31.6 +/- 12.9., atropine vs. no atropine; F(3,9) = 4.99; P &lt; 0.026].	Atropine	48-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	160-167
15531518-9	2004	When the FSIGT was conducted in the presence of atropine after glucose infusion, C-peptide levels were significantly attenuated during the period of endogenous insulin secretion (0-20 min; 31.8 +/- 13 vs. 39.2 +/- 11.9, atropine vs. no atropine) and exogenous insulin administration [20-40 min; 18.8 +/- 10.8 vs. 31.6 +/- 12.9., atropine vs. no atropine; F(3,9) = 4.99; P &lt; 0.026].	Atropine	48-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	260-267
15531518-9	2004	When the FSIGT was conducted in the presence of atropine after glucose infusion, C-peptide levels were significantly attenuated during the period of endogenous insulin secretion (0-20 min; 31.8 +/- 13 vs. 39.2 +/- 11.9, atropine vs. no atropine) and exogenous insulin administration [20-40 min; 18.8 +/- 10.8 vs. 31.6 +/- 12.9., atropine vs. no atropine; F(3,9) = 4.99; P &lt; 0.026].	Atropine	220-228	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-90
15531518-9	2004	When the FSIGT was conducted in the presence of atropine after glucose infusion, C-peptide levels were significantly attenuated during the period of endogenous insulin secretion (0-20 min; 31.8 +/- 13 vs. 39.2 +/- 11.9, atropine vs. no atropine) and exogenous insulin administration [20-40 min; 18.8 +/- 10.8 vs. 31.6 +/- 12.9., atropine vs. no atropine; F(3,9) = 4.99; P &lt; 0.026].	Atropine	220-228	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-90
15531518-9	2004	When the FSIGT was conducted in the presence of atropine after glucose infusion, C-peptide levels were significantly attenuated during the period of endogenous insulin secretion (0-20 min; 31.8 +/- 13 vs. 39.2 +/- 11.9, atropine vs. no atropine) and exogenous insulin administration [20-40 min; 18.8 +/- 10.8 vs. 31.6 +/- 12.9., atropine vs. no atropine; F(3,9) = 4.99; P &lt; 0.026].	Atropine	220-228	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-90
15531518-9	2004	When the FSIGT was conducted in the presence of atropine after glucose infusion, C-peptide levels were significantly attenuated during the period of endogenous insulin secretion (0-20 min; 31.8 +/- 13 vs. 39.2 +/- 11.9, atropine vs. no atropine) and exogenous insulin administration [20-40 min; 18.8 +/- 10.8 vs. 31.6 +/- 12.9., atropine vs. no atropine; F(3,9) = 4.99; P &lt; 0.026].	Atropine	220-228	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-90
15256274-12	2004	The stimulatory effect of TRH analog on pancreatic blood flow was blocked by vagotomy, atropine, and NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester, but not by 6-hydroxydopamine.	Atropine	87-95	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
15249194-8	2004	Bilateral cervical vagotomy, pretreatment with the melanocortin MC(4) receptor antagonist HS014, atropine sulfate or chlorisondamine, but not with atropine methylbromide, prevented the life-saving effect of ACTH-(1-24) and the associated effects on NF-kappaB activity and TNF-alpha levels.	Atropine	97-113	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	272-281
15044560-7	2004	The up-regulation of COX-2 expression and PGE(2) production by L-NAME was inhibited by prior administration of atropine, at a dose that inhibited the intestinal hypermotility.	Atropine	111-119	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	21-26
14681336-8	2004	Eliciting IR waves with puffs of nicotinic or non-N-methyl-d-aspartate agonists in GCL produced atropine-sensitive waves in the VZ, demonstrating a unique, retrograde signaling pathway from IR to VZ.	Atropine	96-104	germ cell-less 2, spermatogenesis associated	Homo sapiens	83-86
15186006-4	2004	In the case presented here, an active duty service member presented to his Aid Station to request red dog tags for a previously identified allergy to atropine.	Atropine	150-158	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	75-78
15114081-1	2004	BACKGROUND: A paradoxic response to atropine with development of atrioventricular (AV) block has been described in patients after heart transplantation (HTx).	Atropine	36-44	Zic family member 3	Homo sapiens	153-156
14701723-7	2004	In the ion-transport studies, I(sc) responses to capsaicin, which activates extrinsic primary afferents, and to electrical field stimulation (EFS) were reduced by pretreatment with the muscarinic antagonist atropine, abolished by tetrodotoxin, but were unaffected by VIP receptor desensitization, hexamethonium, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methlisoxazole-4-proprionic acid, or N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptor antagonists.	Atropine	207-215	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	267-270
15114081-12	2004	CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of patients respond paradoxically to atropine after HTx, leading to asystole as the result of sinus arrest or AV block.	Atropine	74-82	Zic family member 3	Homo sapiens	89-92
15114081-13	2004	Although a plausible explanation for this effect remains speculative, our data indicate that the use of atropine or other anticholinergic drugs in patients after HTx is contraindicated.	Atropine	104-112	Zic family member 3	Homo sapiens	162-165
15009014-7	2004	The evoked increases in dural blood flow were also abolished by topical pre-administration of atropine (1 mm) and [Lys1, Pro2,5, Arg3,4, Tyr6]-VIP (0.1 mm), a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) antagonist, onto the exposed dura mater.	Atropine	94-102	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	159-192
15109126-14	2004	The decrease in R(LV) during stimulation of peripheral end of SLN was reduced by atropine.	Atropine	81-89	sarcolipin	Canis lupus familiaris	62-65
14988250-8	2004	Secretion of insulin and PP was inhibited by atropine (both P &lt; 0.001).	Atropine	45-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-27
14988250-9	2004	Increasing doses of atropine attenuated the ethnic difference in PP (P = 0.01) but not in early insulin secretory responses (P = 0.6), an effect that was not due to differences in gastric emptying rate (acetaminophen test) and/or circulating glucose.	Atropine	20-28	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	65-67
15109075-6	2004	The enhancing effect of ACh on IL-2 production could be blocked by either atropine or tubocurarine.	Atropine	74-82	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
15009014-7	2004	The evoked increases in dural blood flow were also abolished by topical pre-administration of atropine (1 mm) and [Lys1, Pro2,5, Arg3,4, Tyr6]-VIP (0.1 mm), a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) antagonist, onto the exposed dura mater.	Atropine	94-102	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	194-197
15003711-6	2004	PACAP antiserum, a PACAP antagonist (PACAP 6-38), haloperidol, phenoxybenzamine, propranolol and naloxone each prevented the changes observed at 30 min and 3 h. Atropine, nitro-l-arginine, bicuculline and methysergide were ineffective.	Atropine	161-169	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
15003711-6	2004	PACAP antiserum, a PACAP antagonist (PACAP 6-38), haloperidol, phenoxybenzamine, propranolol and naloxone each prevented the changes observed at 30 min and 3 h. Atropine, nitro-l-arginine, bicuculline and methysergide were ineffective.	Atropine	161-169	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-24
14714611-3	2003	The insulin-releasing activity of motilin in the fed state was completely abolished by pretreatment with atropine or hexamethonium and was partly inhibited by ondansetron.	Atropine	105-113	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	4-11
15104355-7	2004	The COX-2 expression induced by indomethacin or SC-560 was inhibited by atropine, even in the presence of exogenous HCl, while omeprazole had no effect.	Atropine	72-80	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
15075453-9	2003	Except in the rat, stimulation of PES by secretin in a physiological dose is profoundly inhibited by atropine indicating the importance of a cholinergic input.	Atropine	101-109	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	41-49
15075453-10	2003	In isolated and perfused rat pancreas, electrical field stimulation potentiated secretin-stimulated PES that was suppressed by atropine and anti-GRP serum, suggesting the roles of intrapancreatic cholinergic and GRP-containing neurons.	Atropine	127-135	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	80-88
15040854-11	2003	Pretreatment with the ganglion blocker hexamethonium and with atropine completely abolished the stimulatory effect of central ghrelin.	Atropine	62-70	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	126-133
14573394-5	2003	Like nicotine, the contraction induced by 100 nM urotensin II was inhibited by treatment with atropine, hexamethonium, D-tubocurarine, tetrodotoxin or hemicholinium-3, and enhanced by physostigmine.	Atropine	94-102	urotensin 2	Homo sapiens	49-61
14649407-9	2003	Atropine reduced hourly milk yield, and concentrations and hourly yields of total protein, casein, whey protein, alpha-casein, beta-casein, kappa-casein, beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin, but by differing amounts.	Atropine	0-8	casein beta	Bos taurus	127-138
14649407-9	2003	Atropine reduced hourly milk yield, and concentrations and hourly yields of total protein, casein, whey protein, alpha-casein, beta-casein, kappa-casein, beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin, but by differing amounts.	Atropine	0-8	casein kappa	Bos taurus	140-152
14649407-9	2003	Atropine reduced hourly milk yield, and concentrations and hourly yields of total protein, casein, whey protein, alpha-casein, beta-casein, kappa-casein, beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin, but by differing amounts.	Atropine	0-8	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	154-172
14649407-9	2003	Atropine reduced hourly milk yield, and concentrations and hourly yields of total protein, casein, whey protein, alpha-casein, beta-casein, kappa-casein, beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin, but by differing amounts.	Atropine	0-8	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	177-194
15003711-6	2004	PACAP antiserum, a PACAP antagonist (PACAP 6-38), haloperidol, phenoxybenzamine, propranolol and naloxone each prevented the changes observed at 30 min and 3 h. Atropine, nitro-l-arginine, bicuculline and methysergide were ineffective.	Atropine	161-169	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-24
15033007-9	2004	The recovery of AChE activity inhibition wasn"t involved in the treatment with memantine on dichlorvos poisoning, therefore, atropine and a proper AChE reactivator (an oxime) should be used clinically.	Atropine	125-133	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	16-20
14687704-0	2004	Release of peptide YY by fat in the proximal but not distal gut depends on an atropine-sensitive cholinergic pathway.	Atropine	78-86	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	11-21
14687704-4	2004	We found that, when fat was confined to the proximal 1/2 of the intestine, PYY release was reduced following intravenous atropine when compared with saline (p&lt;0.01).	Atropine	121-129	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	75-78
14687704-6	2004	We conclude that PYY release by fat in the proximal but not distal intestine depends on an atropine-sensitive, cholinergic pathway.	Atropine	91-99	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	17-20
15315164-8	2004	Either M3 cholinergic receptor antagonist (10(-5) mol/L atropine) or NF-kappaB inhibitor (10(-2) mol/L PDTC) could obviously inhibit the activation of NF-kappaB and the chemokine MOB-1, MCP-1 mRNA expression induced by carbachol (P&lt;0.05).	Atropine	56-64	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	151-160
15315164-8	2004	Either M3 cholinergic receptor antagonist (10(-5) mol/L atropine) or NF-kappaB inhibitor (10(-2) mol/L PDTC) could obviously inhibit the activation of NF-kappaB and the chemokine MOB-1, MCP-1 mRNA expression induced by carbachol (P&lt;0.05).	Atropine	56-64	multigenic obesity QTL 1	Mus musculus	179-184
15315164-8	2004	Either M3 cholinergic receptor antagonist (10(-5) mol/L atropine) or NF-kappaB inhibitor (10(-2) mol/L PDTC) could obviously inhibit the activation of NF-kappaB and the chemokine MOB-1, MCP-1 mRNA expression induced by carbachol (P&lt;0.05).	Atropine	56-64	mast cell protease 1	Mus musculus	186-191
14714611-3	2003	The insulin-releasing activity of motilin in the fed state was completely abolished by pretreatment with atropine or hexamethonium and was partly inhibited by ondansetron.	Atropine	105-113	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	34-41
14739561-3	2003	Administration of atropine (1 microM) left the response to Enk intact and blocked the excitatory effect of ACh.	Atropine	18-26	prodynorphin	Homo sapiens	59-62
14500755-5	2003	The inhibition of Kir2.1 by carbachol was reversible and atropine-sensitive.	Atropine	57-65	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 2	Homo sapiens	18-24
12963416-6	2003	In the presence of eserine (another acetylcholinesterase inhibitor), endogenous acetylcholine-induced epinephrine release was also inhibited by atropine.	Atropine	144-152	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	36-56
12932837-6	2003	The hippocampal motilin-induced stimulation of gastric motility (30.6+/-5.5%) was completely abolished by subdiaphragmal vagotomy (-2.8+/-4.4%) but unaffected by the intravenously applied receptor blockers atropine, phentolamine and propranolol.	Atropine	206-214	motilin	Rattus norvegicus	16-23
12906840-11	2003	Exogenous ET-1 (0.3-5 nM), but not CRF (30-100 nM), caused relaxation of the atropine-treated, histamine-precontracted ileum.	Atropine	77-85	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	10-14
12857771-3	2003	The output of VIP from the gland was frequency dependent over the range of 10-20 Hz (continuously) and significantly increased after atropine (P &lt; 0.02).	Atropine	133-141	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Ovis aries	14-17
12857771-6	2003	It is concluded that the atropine-resistant vasodilatation that occurs in this gland during parasympathetic stimulation is likely to be due largely, if not entirely, to the release of VIP.	Atropine	25-33	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Ovis aries	184-187
12897820-6	2003	In the presence of atropine with an equivalent dose (128.2 microg) of PACAP(6-27) (500 microg) on a molar basis, the insulin response to PACAP(1-27) was diminished by about 20%, while the glucagon response was enhanced by about 80%.	Atropine	19-27	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	117-124
12821043-8	2003	The cytoprotective effect of central TRH on CCl(4)-induced acute hepatocellular necrosis was abolished by hepatic branch vagotomy, atropine, indomethacin and N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, but not by 6-hydroxydopamine.	Atropine	131-139	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
12605884-6	2003	In bladders of spinal cord transected rats, 10 Hz stimulation-evoked release of ACh was also inhibited by atropine and 4-DAMP (5 nM) but not by pirenzepine (50 nM).	Atropine	106-114	acyl-CoA thioesterase 12	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
12914561-5	2003	Atropine infusion increased the scaling exponent alpha1 value from 0.91+/-0.23 to 1.37+/-0.31 (P&lt;0.001).	Atropine	0-8	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	49-55
12914561-6	2003	During exercise after atropine infusion, a linear reduction was observed in the scaling exponent alpha1 from 1.37+/-0.23 to 0.25+/-0.08 (P&lt;0.001).	Atropine	22-30	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	97-103
12759717-4	2003	Atropine enhanced HR-increasing effects of all three beta-AR agonists and exercise; increases were larger for beta2-AR (terbutaline, adrenaline) mediated effects than for beta1-AR (exercise) mediated effects.	Atropine	0-8	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	110-118
12719275-7	2003	Decreased sensitivity to acute injection of atropine or an NOS inhibitor indicated basal alterations in both parasympathetic and NOS regulatory systems in apoE-/- mice.	Atropine	44-52	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	155-159
12706251-10	2003	In contrast to the mild impairments produced by the lesions, pharmacological blockade of either ACh with atropine or 5-HT with methiothepin mesylate systemically blocked skilled motor behavior as assessed by skilled reaching.	Atropine	105-113	acyl-CoA thioesterase 12	Rattus norvegicus	96-99
12895659-6	2003	Atropine, but not subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, inhibited UCN-mediated secretion.	Atropine	0-8	urocortin	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
12632516-7	2003	After the circular smooth muscle of gastric body was pretreated with atropine, an M receptor blocker, the rebound contraction was abolished; In circular and longitudinal smooth muscle of rat gastric body, CNP induced a transient and slight relaxation and successively followed by the recovery in amplitude of spontaneous contraction but it also didn"t affect the frequency.	Atropine	69-77	natriuretic peptide C	Rattus norvegicus	205-208
12715105-4	2003	However, after a 15-min treatment with ACh (10 micromol/L), a significant reduction of the activity of cytoplasm, membrane and total PKC in human pituitary adenoma cells was observed, and the reduction effect could be blocked by atropine.	Atropine	229-237	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	133-136
12628460-6	2003	Atropine (Atr), 0.02 mM, induced rapid detachment of cells from each other (acantholysis), and also increased phosphorylation of Dsg 3 by 33%.	Atropine	0-8	desmoglein 3	Homo sapiens	129-134
12628460-6	2003	Atropine (Atr), 0.02 mM, induced rapid detachment of cells from each other (acantholysis), and also increased phosphorylation of Dsg 3 by 33%.	Atropine	0-3	desmoglein 3	Homo sapiens	129-134
12488235-3	2003	The nicotinic agonist 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium (DMPP) stimulated ANP secretion; the effect was abolished by hexamethonium but doubled by atropine.	Atropine	146-154	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
12595959-0	2003	Inhibitory effects of atropine and hexamethonium on the angiotensin II-induced contractions of rat anococcygeus smooth muscles.	Atropine	22-30	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	56-70
12595959-5	2003	In the sympathectomised rat group, atropine inhibited the contractions induced by Ang II in a concentration-dependent fashion with no decrease in E(max).	Atropine	35-43	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	82-88
12595959-7	2003	Association of atropine and hexamethonium produced Ang II-induced curves with rightward shifts from the control curve with a decrease in E(max).	Atropine	15-23	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	51-57
12595959-10	2003	However, in the presence of yohimbine, atropine shifted the Ang II-induced curves to the right of the control curve with no E(max) decrease.	Atropine	39-47	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	60-66
12522097-7	2003	4 The nicotinic ganglionic acetylcholine receptor antagonist hexamethonium (1 microM) and the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist atropine (1 microM) also decreased the NK(3) receptor agonist-induced J(G) by 67% (n=10) and 71% (n=12), respectively.	Atropine	139-147	tachykinin receptor 3	Homo sapiens	178-192
14581763-12	2003	Both the expression of COX-2 and gastric hypermotility during 2DG treatment were inhibited by prior administration of atropine but not omeprazole, although 2DG-induced gastric lesions were prevented by both agents.	Atropine	118-126	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	23-28
12488235-4	2003	Atropine"s effect implied that DMPP activated concomitantly cholinergic neurons that inhibit and noncholinergic neurons that stimulate ANP secretion, the latter effect predominating.	Atropine	0-8	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	135-138
12488235-8	2003	Combined atropine and M65 restored DMPP-stimulated ANP secretion to basal levels.	Atropine	9-17	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
12518226-5	2003	These effects were blocked by a muscarinic receptor antagonist (atropine) and a MEK inhibitor(PD98059)   and were significantly attenuated by a Src family kinases inhibitor(PP1) and a PKC inhibitor (bisindolymaleimide-I), but were not influenced by a G(i/o)-uncoupling reagent (pertussin toxin) and a PI-3 kinase inhibitor (wortmannin).	Atropine	64-72	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	144-147
12518226-5	2003	These effects were blocked by a muscarinic receptor antagonist (atropine) and a MEK inhibitor(PD98059)   and were significantly attenuated by a Src family kinases inhibitor(PP1) and a PKC inhibitor (bisindolymaleimide-I), but were not influenced by a G(i/o)-uncoupling reagent (pertussin toxin) and a PI-3 kinase inhibitor (wortmannin).	Atropine	64-72	neuropeptide Y receptor Y4	Homo sapiens	173-176
12508367-9	2003	Furthermore, combined infusion of the somatostatin-antagonist and atropine completely abolished distention-induced inhibition of gastrin release.	Atropine	66-74	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	129-136
12585693-7	2002	The role of the autonomic nervous system in CNP response was assessed by atropine or combined phentolamine and propranolol administration.	Atropine	73-81	natriuretic peptide C	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
12452381-10	2002	There was a significant decrease in serum PP after intravenous atropine.	Atropine	63-71	familial progressive hyperpigmentation 1	Homo sapiens	42-44
12146475-6	2002	Plasma insulin concentration decreased by 37% in atropine-treated animals and was not significantly different for cows receiving atropine as well as ST, AA, or both ST and AA.	Atropine	49-57	insulin	Bos taurus	7-14
12409836-8	2002	Pretreatment with the ganglion blocker hexamethonium and with atropine completely abolished the stimulatory effect of central Orexin-A.	Atropine	62-70	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	126-134
12239496-1	2002	STUDY OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the feasibility of discharging Mark 1 atropine and pralidoxime autoinjectors into small, sterile vials to facilitate the potential intramuscular injection of these antidotes, particularly pralidoxime, on a milligram per kilogram basis to small children.	Atropine	78-86	microtubule affinity regulating kinase 1	Homo sapiens	71-77
12084388-4	2002	In the presence of atropine and guanethidine (NANC conditions), these large contractions were inhibited by bicuculline, a GABA(A)-receptor antagonist as well as by TTX, L-NAME and apamin together, or L 732-138, a NK1-receptor antagonist.	Atropine	19-27	tachykinin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	213-225
12124440-4	2002	The levels of both EGR1 and phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) slowly decayed over 4-8 h. CREB phosphorylation and EGR1 induction showed similar sensitivity to carbachol concentration, with EC(50) values in the range of 1-10 microM, and the changes in both transcription factors were blocked by the muscarinic antagonist atropine.	Atropine	314-322	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	43-47
12021207-4	2002	Atropine (a nonspecific muscarinic receptor antagonist) completely inhibited fat-induced GLP-1 secretion in vivo (P &lt; 0.01).	Atropine	0-8	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	89-94
12404232-8	2002	Atropine abolished motilin-induced gastric contractions, secretion, and phasic changes of LGA blood flow but failed to affect the sustained flow increase.	Atropine	0-8	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	19-26
12404232-9	2002	However, atropine partially inhibited the LGA responses to lower doses of motilin.	Atropine	9-17	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	74-81
12362417-10	2002	Baseline ECGs and contrary responses to muscarinic blockade by atropine in mice deficient in neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) suggest that the autonomic dysfunction in mdx mice may be independent of decreased myocardial nNOS.	Atropine	63-71	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	93-123
12362417-10	2002	Baseline ECGs and contrary responses to muscarinic blockade by atropine in mice deficient in neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) suggest that the autonomic dysfunction in mdx mice may be independent of decreased myocardial nNOS.	Atropine	63-71	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	125-129
12231638-0	2002	A model of atropine-resistant theta oscillations in rat hippocampal area CA1.	Atropine	11-19	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
12231638-2	2002	We demonstrate that hippocampal area CA1 generates atropine-resistant theta population oscillations in response to metabotropic glutamate receptor activation under conditions of reduced AMPA receptor activation.	Atropine	51-59	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
12145057-11	2002	Heart rate response to atropine 10 microg/kg was attenuated in Groups P-5 (12 +/- 7 bpm) and P-10 (9 +/- 6 bpm) compared with the control group (28 +/- 13 bpm, P&lt;0.05).	Atropine	23-31	S100 calcium binding protein A10	Homo sapiens	93-97
12145057-12	2002	When atropine 20 microg/kg was administered, HR increased &gt;20 bpm in all patients of the control group, but in only 43% and 13% of patients in Groups P-5 and P-10, respectively (P&lt;0.05).	Atropine	5-13	S100 calcium binding protein A10	Homo sapiens	161-165
12012025-22	2002	Atropine blocked the bradycardic response observed after CDP-choline.	Atropine	0-8	cut-like homeobox 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
12059053-0	2002	Tachykinin NK1 receptors mediate atropine-resistant net aboral propulsive complexes in porcine ileum.	Atropine	33-41	tachykinin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	11-14
12059053-6	2002	Infusion of the NK1 receptor antagonist CP99994 (10(-6) M) during continued atropine infusion blocked net aboral propulsive complexes in 5 experiments for 12.2 +/- 2.4 min and resulted in motor paralysis in 2 experiments.	Atropine	76-84	tachykinin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	16-28
12007927-4	2002	Injection of nociceptin (0.55-5.52 nmol per rat) into the fourth cerebroventricle stimulated gastric acid secretion and the secretion was inhibited in atropine-treated (1 mg/kg, i.v.)	Atropine	151-159	prepronociceptin	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
11967623-7	2002	The results suggest that TCP and adamantyl tenocyclidines could be used in combination with atropine as antidotes in carbamate poisoning and as adjuvant therapy to HI-6 and atropine in soman poisoning.	Atropine	173-181	secretoglobin, family 1B, member 27	Mus musculus	25-28
11756485-3	2002	With ionotropic glutamate and GABA(A) transmission blocked, this stimulation evoked fast, atropine-insensitive EPSPs that were sensitive to nAChR antagonists.	Atropine	90-98	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	140-145
11876771-6	2002	Block of mAChRs by atropine had no effect on evoked release at normal junctions, but decreased release at junctions lacking AChE.	Atropine	19-27	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	124-128
12148698-5	2002	However, the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) receptor antagonist, [4-Cl-DPhe6, Leul7]-VIP, and atropine were less inhibitory than CGRP (8-37), and the substance P (SP) receptor antagonist, spantide, had no effect.	Atropine	103-111	tachykinin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	159-184
11877338-10	2002	The PAR-2-mediated gastric pepsin secretion was resistant to omeprazole, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or atropine, and also to ablation of sensory neurons by capsaicin.	Atropine	120-128	F2R like trypsin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
11924764-8	2002	Atropine in doses from 3.4 x 10(-6) to 3 x 10(-3) microM antagonized the response of the uterus to ACh at 2 microM.	Atropine	0-8	acyl-CoA thioesterase 12	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
11716582-0	2001	Prolactin release during exercise in normal and adrenodemedullated untrained rats submitted to central cholinergic blockade with atropine.	Atropine	129-137	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
11790655-6	2002	The administration of atropine significantly blocked PAF-induced responses in PAFR-transgenic mice.	Atropine	22-30	patchy fur	Mus musculus	53-56
11790655-6	2002	The administration of atropine significantly blocked PAF-induced responses in PAFR-transgenic mice.	Atropine	22-30	platelet-activating factor receptor	Mus musculus	78-82
11922142-3	2001	The cholinergic agonist carbachol caused an atropine-sensitive ERK activation in the dendrites and somata CA1 pyramidal neurons.	Atropine	44-52	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	63-66
11922142-3	2001	The cholinergic agonist carbachol caused an atropine-sensitive ERK activation in the dendrites and somata CA1 pyramidal neurons.	Atropine	44-52	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	106-109
11689192-5	2001	On the other hand, in the presence of atropine and guanethidine, orexin A induced a transient gradual relaxation in duodenal, jejunal and ileal segments.	Atropine	38-46	hypocretin	Mus musculus	65-73
11576151-6	2001	Vagal blockade with atropine increased the alpha1 value (from 0.82 +/- 0.22 to 1.24 +/- 0.41, P&lt;0.05).	Atropine	20-28	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	43-49
11478926-8	2001	Addition of atropine to the dialysis medium attenuated the increase of Fos-IR and suppressed the cholinergic stimulation-induced responses in body temperature and water intake.	Atropine	12-20	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
11400178-6	2001	The depolarizing response had a reversal potential of -35 mV, and was reduced by the combination of AMPA/kainate and NMDA glutamate receptor antagonists (AMPA/kainate: CNQX, DNQX, and GYKI 52466; NMDA: APV, MK-801) and by the muscarinic ACh receptor antagonist atropine.	Atropine	261-269	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2C	Rattus norvegicus	117-140
11337491-8	2001	The carbachol-induced alteration of alpha-synuclein was blocked by atropine.	Atropine	67-75	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	36-51
11880925-6	2001	This Leu-Enk-evoked insulin release was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) blocked by atropine, naloxone and yohimbine (all at 10(-6)M).	Atropine	79-87	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
11880925-8	2001	Atropine, yohimbine but not naloxone significantly (p &lt; 0.05) inhibited Leu-Enk-evoked glucagon release from normal rat pancreas.	Atropine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
11356797-5	2001	However, inhibition was significantly increased when atropine was combined with indomethacin (61 +/- 2.7%; P &lt; 0.05), implicating cyclooxygenase products in the LA-induced bronchoconstrictor response.	Atropine	53-61	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1	Canis lupus familiaris	133-147
11672560-2	2001	The study investigated the site of action of the non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine on catalepsy induced by the selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, raclopride.	Atropine	94-102	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	141-161
11495686-7	2001	PACAP-induced motility was strongly inhibited by the antagonist PACAP 6-38 but also by atropine and substance P-antagonists (CP99994/SR48968) but PACAP 6-38 had no effect on vagus-induced secretion or motility.	Atropine	87-95	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
11484778-7	2001	Addition of atropine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, to the dialysis medium containing neostigmine attenuated the increase of Fos-IR and suppressed the neostigmine-induced responses in body temperature.	Atropine	12-20	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
11426846-4	2001	The acetylcholine-induced atropine-resistant vasodilation was inhibited by 10 and 100 microM hexamethonium, 5 microM guanethidine, 50 microM bretylium, in vitro 6-hydroxydopamine (2 mM for 20 min, twice), 1 microM capsaicin and 0.5 microM calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-(8-37) (CGRP receptor antagonist).	Atropine	26-34	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	239-270
11426846-4	2001	The acetylcholine-induced atropine-resistant vasodilation was inhibited by 10 and 100 microM hexamethonium, 5 microM guanethidine, 50 microM bretylium, in vitro 6-hydroxydopamine (2 mM for 20 min, twice), 1 microM capsaicin and 0.5 microM calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-(8-37) (CGRP receptor antagonist).	Atropine	26-34	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	272-276
11426846-4	2001	The acetylcholine-induced atropine-resistant vasodilation was inhibited by 10 and 100 microM hexamethonium, 5 microM guanethidine, 50 microM bretylium, in vitro 6-hydroxydopamine (2 mM for 20 min, twice), 1 microM capsaicin and 0.5 microM calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-(8-37) (CGRP receptor antagonist).	Atropine	26-34	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	286-290
11257316-5	2001	CART peptide-induced increases in pancreatic secretion appear to involve pathways that are sensitive to both acetylcholine (ACh) and cholecystokinin (CCK) since pre-treatment with atropine (ACh receptor antagonist) or L-364,718 (CCK-A receptor antagonist) inhibited the effects of CART peptide on amylase secretion.	Atropine	180-188	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
11257316-5	2001	CART peptide-induced increases in pancreatic secretion appear to involve pathways that are sensitive to both acetylcholine (ACh) and cholecystokinin (CCK) since pre-treatment with atropine (ACh receptor antagonist) or L-364,718 (CCK-A receptor antagonist) inhibited the effects of CART peptide on amylase secretion.	Atropine	180-188	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	150-153
11257316-6	2001	Pre-treatment with a combination of atropine and L-364,718 abolished the effects of CART peptide.	Atropine	36-44	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
11323367-5	2001	These were completely blocked by pretreatment with atropine and the M(2) muscarinic antagonist, methoctramine, and partially blocked by pretreatment with M(1) pirenzepine but not with M(3) p-fHHSID: Oxycodone administered into the mPRF did not produce such effects.	Atropine	51-59	Spi-C transcription factor (Spi-1/PU.1 related)	Mus musculus	231-235
11401758-7	2001	Atropine, a parasympatholytic alkaloid, is used as an antidote to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.	Atropine	0-8	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	66-86
11423385-5	2001	The inhibitory effect of carbachol on the AVP action was almost completely abolished by the cholinergic antagonists atropine, pirenzepine, 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP) and the calcium antagonist lanthanum.	Atropine	116-124	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	42-45
11401758-11	2001	However, atropine alone induced a significant (p &lt; 0.05) decrease in the acetylcholinesterase activity from the control value of 9.78 +/- 0.78 to 4.38 +/- 0.10 for atropine alone, to 1.32 +/- 0.06 for atropine in combination with eserine, and 2.39 +/- 0.29 for atropine with malathion, and there was no mammary tumor formation.	Atropine	9-17	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	76-96
11401758-11	2001	However, atropine alone induced a significant (p &lt; 0.05) decrease in the acetylcholinesterase activity from the control value of 9.78 +/- 0.78 to 4.38 +/- 0.10 for atropine alone, to 1.32 +/- 0.06 for atropine in combination with eserine, and 2.39 +/- 0.29 for atropine with malathion, and there was no mammary tumor formation.	Atropine	167-175	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	76-96
11401758-11	2001	However, atropine alone induced a significant (p &lt; 0.05) decrease in the acetylcholinesterase activity from the control value of 9.78 +/- 0.78 to 4.38 +/- 0.10 for atropine alone, to 1.32 +/- 0.06 for atropine in combination with eserine, and 2.39 +/- 0.29 for atropine with malathion, and there was no mammary tumor formation.	Atropine	167-175	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	76-96
11401758-11	2001	However, atropine alone induced a significant (p &lt; 0.05) decrease in the acetylcholinesterase activity from the control value of 9.78 +/- 0.78 to 4.38 +/- 0.10 for atropine alone, to 1.32 +/- 0.06 for atropine in combination with eserine, and 2.39 +/- 0.29 for atropine with malathion, and there was no mammary tumor formation.	Atropine	167-175	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	76-96
11378256-5	2001	In somatosensory cortex, the induction of the c-fos gene by linopirdine was nearly completely blocked by atropine and scopolamine and strongly attenuated by the NMDA receptor blockers CPP and MK-801.	Atropine	105-113	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	46-51
11359528-10	2001	This depression was also induced by AChE inhibitors eserine or tacrine and was antagonized by 1 microM atropine or 5-10 microM clozapine.	Atropine	103-111	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
11424471-4	2001	Immediately after ECT, the heart rate dropped from 56 to 19 beats.min-1, which was remedied by intravenous atropine.	Atropine	107-115	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	66-71
11231043-10	2001	Nerve stimulation during infusion of phentolamine (10(-5) M) with and without additional infusion of atropine resulted in a significant further increase in the release of CGRP-LI to 261+/-134% (n=5) and 240+/-80% (n=9), respectively.	Atropine	101-109	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	171-175
11231044-4	2001	ET-1 caused tetrodotoxin and atropine-insensitive contraction.	Atropine	29-37	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
11334405-6	2001	The 10-min insulin response to meal ingestion was also reduced by atropine, but only by 20 +/- 9% (P = 0.045), which was lower than the reduction with trimethaphan (P = 0.004).	Atropine	66-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
11298994-7	2001	The increased responsiveness of jejunal motility to CCK persisted after mast cell stabilisation or depletion but was prevented by atropine, devazepide and L-365260 (CCK-A and CCK-B receptor antagonists, respectively) and vagotomy.	Atropine	130-138	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
11331432-9	2001	Atropine significantly reduced plasma insulin and PP to levels similar to normal controls but had no effect in any other group.	Atropine	0-8	pancreatic polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	50-52
11471222-4	2001	Intracerebroventricular injection of atropine partly blocked the SFO stimulation-induced drinking behavior and the Fos protein expression in the brain, suggesting that an M-cholinergic mechanism may be involved.	Atropine	37-45	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	115-118
11087735-4	2001	Incubation of cells with the cholinergic agonist oxotremorine-M (Oxo-M) induced an approximately 6-fold increase in the tyrosine phosphorylation of ACK-1 which was inhibited by atropine.	Atropine	177-185	tyrosine kinase non receptor 2	Homo sapiens	148-153
11162609-6	2001	Vagotomy and administration of atropine abolished the gastric acid secretion induced by ghrelin.	Atropine	31-39	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	88-95
11951576-3	2001	Atropine (5 x 10(-8) mol) concomitantly injected with neostigmine (5 x 10(-8) mol) prevented neostigmine-induced increase in plasma leptin.	Atropine	0-8	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	132-138
12754388-5	2001	It has been clearly shown that PPsecretion is under vagal cholinergic control since thePP response to a meal or CCK infusion is bluntedduring vagal cholinergic blockade with atropine orfollowing truncal vagotomy (1,6).	Atropine	174-182	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	112-115
10986289-13	2000	In m1 muscarinic receptor transfected HEK-293 cells, carbachol inhibited insulin-like growth factor-1 stimulated phosphorylation at Ser(473) of endogenous Akt in an atropine-reversible fashion.	Atropine	165-173	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	73-101
10986289-13	2000	In m1 muscarinic receptor transfected HEK-293 cells, carbachol inhibited insulin-like growth factor-1 stimulated phosphorylation at Ser(473) of endogenous Akt in an atropine-reversible fashion.	Atropine	165-173	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	155-158
11123707-8	2000	Atropine, but not hexamethonium, blocked PGE2-induced motilin release.	Atropine	0-8	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	54-61
11159694-6	2001	This increase in cyclic GMP content was significantly attenuated or abolished by the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine or the M(2) blocker methoctramine.	Atropine	116-124	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	24-27
11159694-17	2001	However, the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was induced in the presence of cocaine or carbachol and this induction was significantly attenuated after addition of atropine or methoctramine.	Atropine	181-189	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	57-61
11059909-2	2000	In the present study, the muscarinic (M) receptor antagonists atropine and scopolamine as well as the M2 receptor antagonist AF-DX 116, but not the preferential M1 receptor antagonist pirenzepine, reduced the suppressant effect of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT on the spontaneous firing activity of rat dorsal raphe 5-HT neurons.	Atropine	62-70	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	235-241
11122360-4	2000	When administered alone, PACAP (3 pmol) or carbachol (110 pmol) induced an enhancement of REM sleep during 8 h (+61%, n = 8; +70%, n = 5), which was totally prevented by infusion of atropine (290 pmol) for PACAP, or of PACAP6-27 (3 pmol) for carbachol.	Atropine	182-190	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-30
11122360-4	2000	When administered alone, PACAP (3 pmol) or carbachol (110 pmol) induced an enhancement of REM sleep during 8 h (+61%, n = 8; +70%, n = 5), which was totally prevented by infusion of atropine (290 pmol) for PACAP, or of PACAP6-27 (3 pmol) for carbachol.	Atropine	182-190	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	206-211
18968085-10	2000	Isoproterenol, yohimbine, diphenhydramine, chlorpromazine and atropine, which activate AdC and hinder Ca-PPI, cause conformational changes of albumin similar to basic transitions.	Atropine	62-70	albumin	Homo sapiens	142-149
10974664-4	2000	The VIP/PACAP-elicited secretion was diminished in the presence of the VIP receptor antagonist, VIP 6-28, but was unaffected by the PACAP receptor antagonist, PACAP 6-27, or the cholinergic antagonists, hexamethonium and atropine.	Atropine	221-229	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	4-7
11208431-9	2000	Both dmPGE2 and atropine inhibited the increase of gastric motility and MPO activity in response to indomethacin, whereas ANS prevented the increase of MPO activity, without any effect on the gastric hypermotility.	Atropine	16-24	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
11040262-8	2000	The enhancement of the fEPSPs by PACAP-38 was blocked by bath application of atropine.	Atropine	77-85	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-38
11273471-8	2000	A negative correlation was observed between the 9:1 ratios and the daily atropine requirement (correlation coefficient: -0.57) and between serum cholinesterase levels and daily atropine requirement (correlation coefficient: -0.49).	Atropine	177-185	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	145-159
10928684-3	2000	The administration of DAM alone or in combination with atropine significantly reactivated AChE activity.	Atropine	55-63	acetylcholinesterase	Bos taurus	90-94
10952694-2	2000	Both acetylcholine (100 microM) and the cholinesterase inhibitor neostigmine (100 microM) inhibited the stimulation-induced (S-I) outflow of radioactivity but in the presence of atropine (0.3 microM) an enhancement was seen, which may be indicative of facilitatory nicotinic receptors.	Atropine	178-186	butyrylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	40-54
10748268-6	2000	Acetylcholine release evoked at 0.5 Hz in the presence of atropine was not influenced by thioperamide, but effectively inhibited by histamine, R-alpha-methylhistamine or imetit, histamine H(3) receptor agonists.	Atropine	58-66	histamine receptor H3	Rattus norvegicus	178-201
10861261-8	2000	RESULTS: In the fasting period, atropine significantly reduced minimum distending pressure (5.5 (0.4) v 4.4 (0.4) mm Hg; p&lt;0.005) and increased proximal gastric compliance (81.3 (5.3) v 102.	Atropine	32-40	immunoglobulin lambda variable 5-52	Homo sapiens	102-107
10781000-10	2000	The affinity value (pK(B) value) for atropine was: 8.64+/-0.10 (n=5).	Atropine	37-45	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	20-24
10744912-3	2000	Vagal denervation of the pancreas as well as atropine administration, block the initial release of insulin and reduce by 50% the thermogenic response and norepinephrine release.	Atropine	45-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
10952458-7	2000	Atropine reversed the effect of neuropeptide Y on basal plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations but had no effect on post-glucose plasma concentrations.	Atropine	0-8	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	32-46
10952458-7	2000	Atropine reversed the effect of neuropeptide Y on basal plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations but had no effect on post-glucose plasma concentrations.	Atropine	0-8	insulin 2	Rattus norvegicus	75-84
10961714-7	2000	Likewise, the acid response to peptone was also markedly enhanced in STZ-diabetic rats, and this response was significantly blocked by atropine and YM022 (a CCKB/gastrin antagonist) as well as famotidine in both normal and diabetic rats.	Atropine	135-143	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	162-169
10742541-6	2000	Although both the Ttr-stimulus intensity and Raw-intensity curves were shifted to the right by administration of intravenous atropine, the Raw curve shifted more to the right than the Ttr curve with the same dose of atropine.	Atropine	125-133	transthyretin	Canis lupus familiaris	18-21
10706953-2	2000	CCK-8 induced a tetrodotoxin and atropine-sensitive contraction.	Atropine	33-41	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	0-3
10702597-0	2000	Intravenous infusion of hexamethonium and atropine but not propranolol diminishes apolipoprotein A-IV gene expression in rat ileum.	Atropine	42-50	apolipoprotein A4	Rattus norvegicus	82-101
10702597-3	2000	Apo A-IV mRNA levels in the ileum were significantly lower in hexamethonium- or atropine-infused rats than in saline- (control) or propranolol-infused rats.	Atropine	80-88	apolipoprotein A4	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
10824671-14	2000	Atropine reduced the ERG b- and d-wave, led to damped oscillations of RPE potentials, and reversed the ERG c-wave.	Atropine	0-8	ETS transcription factor ERG	Gallus gallus	21-24
10824671-14	2000	Atropine reduced the ERG b- and d-wave, led to damped oscillations of RPE potentials, and reversed the ERG c-wave.	Atropine	0-8	ETS transcription factor ERG	Gallus gallus	103-106
10595478-0	1999	Effect of atropine and sincalide on the intestinal uptake of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose.	Atropine	10-18	mastermind like domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	61-65
11056951-0	2000	Dose-related atropine-induced insulin resistance: comparing intraportal versus intravenous administration.	Atropine	13-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	30-37
10619188-12	1999	In isolated perfused rabbit lung Pth (10(-6) M) produced airway hyperresponsiveness to ACh and histamine, the latter prevented by atropine (10(-5) M).	Atropine	130-138	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	33-36
10519505-4	1999	The ERK activation was blocked by preincubation with atropine or an M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist 4-diphenyacetooxy-1, 1-dimethylpiperidinium, indicating that is was mediated by M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activation.	Atropine	53-61	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
10449792-3	1999	We have monitored this activation with an in vitro assay to identify compounds that inhibited taste receptor activation of transducin by bitter tastants: AMP and chemically related compounds inhibited in vitro responses to several bitter compounds (e.g., denatonium, quinine, strychnine, and atropine).	Atropine	292-300	guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha transducing 1	Mus musculus	123-133
10444454-7	1999	CRH-induced changes in ion secretion were abolished by alpha-helical CRH-(9-41), hexamethonium, atropine, or doxantrazole.	Atropine	96-104	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
10524943-8	1999	These contractions to noradrenaline and acetylcholine were competitively inhibited by prazosin (pK(B): 8.38 +/- 0.10) and atropine (pK(B): 8.52 +/- 0.43), respectively.	Atropine	122-130	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	132-136
10516635-8	1999	Relaxant responses to electric field stimulation (EFS) in the presence of indomethacin, atropine, guanethidine, alpha-chymotrypsin and histamine were also markedly increased by YC-1 (10 microM).	Atropine	88-96	RNA binding motif single stranded interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	177-181
10414867-5	1999	A pretreatment of the ganglion with atropine or scopolamine reduced the amplitude of the SC1-induced depolarizing wave, suggesting a possible cholinergic muscarinic target.	Atropine	36-44	new glue 1	Drosophila melanogaster	89-92
10414867-8	1999	Application of SC1 to oocytes expressing a cloned Drosophila muscarinic receptor (Dml) induced a biphasic response comprising: (1) a large fast Cl- current that was abolished by pretreatment with atropine and scopolamine and (2) a slow and small oscillating Cl- current corresponding to the response observed in control oocytes.	Atropine	196-204	new glue 1	Drosophila melanogaster	15-18
10414867-8	1999	Application of SC1 to oocytes expressing a cloned Drosophila muscarinic receptor (Dml) induced a biphasic response comprising: (1) a large fast Cl- current that was abolished by pretreatment with atropine and scopolamine and (2) a slow and small oscillating Cl- current corresponding to the response observed in control oocytes.	Atropine	196-204	muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor, A-type	Drosophila melanogaster	61-80
10510194-4	1999	Pretreatment of the animals with atropine, haloperidol or the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor nitro-L-arginine abolished the action of CNP.	Atropine	33-41	natriuretic peptide C	Rattus norvegicus	135-138
10495009-15	1999	In the guinea pig, higher doses of atropine sulfate were required to control soman-, tabun-, or GF-induced seizures, perhaps reflecting the lower cholinesterase reactivating ability of 2-PAM against these agents.	Atropine	35-51	peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Cavia porcellus	187-190
10409274-8	1999	Atropine reduced postprandial insulin levels in both groups, with a greater attenuation in the obese (P &lt; 0.01), but postprandial glucose levels were also significantly reduced, suggesting that atropine inhibited gastric emptying.	Atropine	0-8	insulin	Homo sapiens	30-37
10444371-7	1999	TH mRNA levels in L-NAME + atropine-treated and L-NAME-treated WKY were significantly lower than TH mRNA levels in control WKY.	Atropine	27-35	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	0-2
10409218-4	1999	Atropine and hexamethonium partially decreased c-fos expression (banding vs. banding + atropine/hexamethonium: 700 +/- 67% vs. 400 +/- 67%, P &lt; 0.05).	Atropine	0-8	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	47-52
10483930-5	1999	Delirious patients showed a significantly higher SAA (23.0 vs 3.9 pmol/mL atropine equivalents, P &lt; .004); they were using antibiotics (P &lt; .05), neuroleptics (P &lt; .002), barbiturates (P &lt; .004), and benzodiazepines (P &lt; .005) more frequently.	Atropine	74-82	serum amyloid A1 cluster	Homo sapiens	49-52
10409218-4	1999	Atropine and hexamethonium partially decreased c-fos expression (banding vs. banding + atropine/hexamethonium: 700 +/- 67% vs. 400 +/- 67%, P &lt; 0.05).	Atropine	87-95	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	47-52
10489905-5	1999	Infusion of atropine (10(-6) M) had no effect on the SP-induced GLP-1 release, but partly inhibited the effect of SP on somatostatin and VIP release, and the effect of NKA on VIP release.	Atropine	12-20	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	114-116
10489905-5	1999	Infusion of atropine (10(-6) M) had no effect on the SP-induced GLP-1 release, but partly inhibited the effect of SP on somatostatin and VIP release, and the effect of NKA on VIP release.	Atropine	12-20	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	137-140
10489905-5	1999	Infusion of atropine (10(-6) M) had no effect on the SP-induced GLP-1 release, but partly inhibited the effect of SP on somatostatin and VIP release, and the effect of NKA on VIP release.	Atropine	12-20	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	168-171
10489905-5	1999	Infusion of atropine (10(-6) M) had no effect on the SP-induced GLP-1 release, but partly inhibited the effect of SP on somatostatin and VIP release, and the effect of NKA on VIP release.	Atropine	12-20	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	175-178
10445493-4	1999	Because of the reversibility of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, the patients recovered after treatment with atropine and toxogonin.	Atropine	112-120	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	46-66
10464529-8	1999	An isolated bradycardia (HR &lt; 60 b.min-1) was treated with atropine (0.5-1 mg i.v.).	Atropine	62-70	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	38-43
10427693-3	1999	In this study, we found that guanidinated casein hydrolysate stimulates CCK release in chronic BPJ-diverted rats with cholinergic control blocked by atropine.	Atropine	149-157	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
10427693-4	1999	Intraduodenal guanidinated casein hydrolysate increased portal plasma CCK concentration and pancreatic secretion in atropine-treated BPJ-diverted rats.	Atropine	116-124	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
10213914-7	1999	Atropine (ATR) (10(-7) M) blocked CRH release induced by ACH (10(-7) M) and the release of CRH induced by IL-2.	Atropine	0-8	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
10428078-3	1999	Glycine currents were inhibited by atropine in an apparently competitive manner and with considerable selectivity of the tropeines for alpha2 versus alpha1 subunits.	Atropine	35-43	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	149-155
10328967-9	1999	Interestingly, substance P-induced tear secretion was also partially inhibited in atropine treated mice.	Atropine	82-90	tachykinin 1	Mus musculus	15-26
10213914-7	1999	Atropine (ATR) (10(-7) M) blocked CRH release induced by ACH (10(-7) M) and the release of CRH induced by IL-2.	Atropine	0-8	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
10213914-7	1999	Atropine (ATR) (10(-7) M) blocked CRH release induced by ACH (10(-7) M) and the release of CRH induced by IL-2.	Atropine	0-8	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
10213914-7	1999	Atropine (ATR) (10(-7) M) blocked CRH release induced by ACH (10(-7) M) and the release of CRH induced by IL-2.	Atropine	0-8	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	106-110
10198333-7	1999	Atropine significantly attenuated gastrin increase at 30 min by 26%.	Atropine	0-8	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	34-41
9887006-0	1999	Atropine-resistant secretion of a putative luminal CCK-releasing peptide in conscious rats.	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
10402022-8	1999	Atropine reduced the amplitudes of waves P1, P3 and P4 and increased mildly the brain stem transmission time.	Atropine	0-8	perforin 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-54
10087440-5	1999	The Ach receptor-mediated increase in PLD activity was inhibited by atropine (10(-6) M), indicating that activation of PLD occurred via muscarinic receptors.	Atropine	68-76	glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1	Homo sapiens	38-41
10087440-5	1999	The Ach receptor-mediated increase in PLD activity was inhibited by atropine (10(-6) M), indicating that activation of PLD occurred via muscarinic receptors.	Atropine	68-76	glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1	Homo sapiens	119-122
9973015-10	1999	Atropine (0.02 mg/kg) shortened the PP interval (p &lt; 0.001) and the PTa interval (p &lt; 0.01).	Atropine	0-8	pre T cell antigen receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	71-74
10380848-11	1999	A residual excitatory response to the NK1-receptor agonist was observed in 30% of a sample of neurons tested in the presence of both haloperidol and atropine.	Atropine	149-157	tachykinin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-50
10070038-11	1999	The aggravating effect of central CRF on CCl4-induced acute liver injury was abolished by denervation of hepatic plexus with phenol and by denervation of noradrenergic fibers with 6-hydroxydopamine treatment but not by hepatic branch vagotomy or atropine treatment.	Atropine	246-254	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
9989779-10	1999	Such a selective atropine-mediated inhibition of AChE expression was observed also in HMBA-induced MELC supplemented with the antagonist.	Atropine	17-25	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	49-53
10216447-2	1999	In a placebo group, PAF infusion challenge induced significant dysfunctions in the pattern of breathing [a significant increase in respiratory rate (RR) and a significant decrease in tidal volume (VT)], the mechanics of breathing [a significant increase in total lung resistance (RL) and a significant decrease in dynamic lung compliance (CLdyn)] and gas exchange, whereas in atropine pre-treated calves, PAF infusion challenge induced a significant increase in RR, VT and HR and a significant decrease in CLdyn.	Atropine	376-384	PCNA-associated factor	Bos taurus	20-23
9952157-9	1999	Pretreatment with intrathecal atropine but not mecamylamine yielded a complete antagonism of the effects of the cholinesterase inhibitors.	Atropine	30-38	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	112-126
9879753-13	1998	PACAP, like VIP, is a good candidate for a mediator of atropine-resistant vasodilatation of the pancreas.	Atropine	55-63	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	12-15
10051150-4	1999	Methysergide or atropine inhibited OA-induced bronchoconstriction in vivo and airway muscle contraction in vitro.	Atropine	16-24	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	35-37
10075105-8	1999	The CGRP-induced increase in grooming behavior was prevented by atropine, haloperidol, naloxone, methysergide and propranolol.	Atropine	64-72	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
9920789-6	1999	Vagotomy or atropine abolished the action by central orexin-A.	Atropine	12-20	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	53-61
9809798-8	1998	Both the intravenous background infusion of atropine at 10 nmol/kg/min and the reversible cooling blockade of the bilateral cervical vagus nerves blocked the effect of PACAP-27.	Atropine	44-52	pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide	Ovis aries	168-173
9756504-4	1998	The inhibitory effect caused by VIP, PACAP-38, and PACAP-27 was not affected by either atropine, hexamethonium, TTX, or TTX plus ACh, but it was completely antagonized by the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA).	Atropine	87-95	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-56
9755048-5	1998	Treatment of cultured nasal gland tissue with muscarinic agonists results in a transcriptionally regulated expression of Fos in an atropine-sensitive manner.	Atropine	131-139	proto-oncogene c-Fos	Anas platyrhynchos	121-124
9756504-7	1998	A single injection of TTX, atropine, or hexamethonium reduced the luminal release of 5-HT, whereas a single injection of VIP-(10-28) stimulated the luminal release of 5-HT and this effect was antagonized by atropine, hexamethonium, or TTX.	Atropine	207-215	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
9815038-4	1998	In contrast, both tetrodotoxin and atropine significantly decreased mucin release induced by bombesin.	Atropine	35-43	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	68-73
9756514-10	1998	Moreover, incubation of intestinal strips with tetrodotoxin and atropine reduced significantly (P &lt; 0.05) the inhibitory effect of VIP on alanine absorption.	Atropine	64-72	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
9769319-11	1998	In nNOS-/- mice, atropine administration led to a much smaller change in mean HR (-2+/-9 vs. 49+/-5 bpm, P = 0.0008) and in HR variance (64+/-24 vs. -903+/-295 bpm2, P = 0.02) than in WT mice.	Atropine	17-25	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	3-7
9802413-5	1998	Atropine did not inhibit the contractions to NPY, PYY and [Leu31,Pro34]NPY but significantly affected those to NPY(13-36), [D-Trp32]NPY, rPP and hPP.	Atropine	0-8	familial progressive hyperpigmentation 1	Homo sapiens	145-148
9736657-7	1998	The developmental increase in atrial CNTF receptor mRNA was enhanced by stimulating muscarinic receptors with carbachol in ovo and was inhibited by blocking muscarinic cholinergic receptors with atropine.	Atropine	195-203	ciliary neurotrophic factor	Gallus gallus	37-41
9836442-5	1998	Compound 5 had more potent activity than atropine which is known to inhibit PTTH release in vitro.	Atropine	41-49	prothoracicotropic hormone	Bombyx mori	76-80
9694941-9	1998	Coadministration of atropine and hexamethonium does not inhibit the nicotine-mediated activation of TH, suggesting that noncholinergic receptors participate in the transsynaptic activation of adrenal TH elicited by nicotine.	Atropine	20-28	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	200-202
9726096-3	1998	A cholinergic syndrome resulting from the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity by irinotecan is frequently seen within the first 24 hours after irinotecan administration but is easily controlled with atropine.	Atropine	207-215	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	56-76
9595292-7	1998	The potentiating effect of the combination of rCGRP and SP was somewhat reduced by pretreatment with spantide, human CGRP8-37 and atropine but not by pretreatment with phentolamine or with propranolol.	Atropine	130-138	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	46-51
9712177-4	1998	Atropine selectively converted the S-14 response after omeprazole to a peak sixfold increase 40 min after meal ingestion (P&lt;0.001), which was also significantly above S-14 values after atropine alone and controls, but reduced plasma levels of S-28 and gastrin to baseline.	Atropine	0-8	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	255-262
9681185-5	1998	Pretreatment of S2-DM1-TRPL cells with 10 microM atropine abolished Gd(3+)-insensitive Ca2+ influx triggered by carbamylcholine, but the response was not blocked by prior incubation with pertussis toxin.	Atropine	49-57	muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor, A-type	Drosophila melanogaster	19-22
9688984-4	1998	Pretreatment with atropine (15 nmol icv) inhibited the 0.30 and 0.60 M NaCl-induced expression of c-Fos, c-Jun, and Krox-24 in all areas except the SFO.	Atropine	18-26	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	98-103
9688984-4	1998	Pretreatment with atropine (15 nmol icv) inhibited the 0.30 and 0.60 M NaCl-induced expression of c-Fos, c-Jun, and Krox-24 in all areas except the SFO.	Atropine	18-26	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
9688984-4	1998	Pretreatment with atropine (15 nmol icv) inhibited the 0.30 and 0.60 M NaCl-induced expression of c-Fos, c-Jun, and Krox-24 in all areas except the SFO.	Atropine	18-26	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	116-123
9588201-3	1998	The ACh-induced increase in the amount of AQP5 in APM was inhibited by atropine, p-F-HHSiD and TMB-8, but not by methoctramine, staurosporine or H-7.	Atropine	71-79	aquaporin 5	Rattus norvegicus	42-46
9605260-7	1998	Atropine (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, -20 min) prevented ammonia-induced injury accompanied by a block of changes in gastric immunoreactive ET-1 and TRH concentrations.	Atropine	0-8	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	140-144
9566505-8	1998	The D2 dopamine receptor antagonist sulpiride (10 microM) increased the electrical stimulation-induced [3H]GABA overflow, and this stimulation was counteracted by concomitant administration of atropine (1 microM).	Atropine	193-201	dopamine receptor D2	Rattus norvegicus	4-24
9600661-17	1998	All these treatments except atropine and NG-nitro-L-arginine prevented the endothelin-1-induced lung oedema and reduced the lethality by around 50%.	Atropine	28-36	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-87
9530149-2	1998	Stimulation of motilin receptors by exogenously applied motilin (1 nM) resulted in a large increase in carbachol (CCh)-induced atropine-sensitive cation current (ICCh) at threshold concentrations of CCh (0.3-1 microM) at 30 degrees C. This potentiation was abolished in the presence of a specific blocker of motilin receptor (GM109) and was attenuated with increased concentrations of either motilin or CCh, being virtually absent with maximally effective concentrations of these agonists.	Atropine	127-135	promotilin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	15-22
9530149-2	1998	Stimulation of motilin receptors by exogenously applied motilin (1 nM) resulted in a large increase in carbachol (CCh)-induced atropine-sensitive cation current (ICCh) at threshold concentrations of CCh (0.3-1 microM) at 30 degrees C. This potentiation was abolished in the presence of a specific blocker of motilin receptor (GM109) and was attenuated with increased concentrations of either motilin or CCh, being virtually absent with maximally effective concentrations of these agonists.	Atropine	127-135	promotilin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	56-63
9530149-2	1998	Stimulation of motilin receptors by exogenously applied motilin (1 nM) resulted in a large increase in carbachol (CCh)-induced atropine-sensitive cation current (ICCh) at threshold concentrations of CCh (0.3-1 microM) at 30 degrees C. This potentiation was abolished in the presence of a specific blocker of motilin receptor (GM109) and was attenuated with increased concentrations of either motilin or CCh, being virtually absent with maximally effective concentrations of these agonists.	Atropine	127-135	promotilin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	56-63
9530149-2	1998	Stimulation of motilin receptors by exogenously applied motilin (1 nM) resulted in a large increase in carbachol (CCh)-induced atropine-sensitive cation current (ICCh) at threshold concentrations of CCh (0.3-1 microM) at 30 degrees C. This potentiation was abolished in the presence of a specific blocker of motilin receptor (GM109) and was attenuated with increased concentrations of either motilin or CCh, being virtually absent with maximally effective concentrations of these agonists.	Atropine	127-135	promotilin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	56-63
9559909-9	1998	The effects of pretreatment with selective CCK(A) and CCK(B) receptor antagonists and atropine on the NGF response to CCK injection were also studied.	Atropine	86-94	nerve growth factor	Mus musculus	102-105
9559909-15	1998	Pretreatment with atropine suppressed the CCK-induced effects on NGF levels in all the brain regions examined.	Atropine	18-26	cholecystokinin	Mus musculus	42-45
9559909-15	1998	Pretreatment with atropine suppressed the CCK-induced effects on NGF levels in all the brain regions examined.	Atropine	18-26	nerve growth factor	Mus musculus	65-68
9600150-1	1998	In experiments on male rats the reactivating effects of oxime HI-6 and obidoxime in combination with atropine on acetylcholinesterase, inhibited by the highly toxic organophoshate cyclosin, were compared in various parts of the brain (frontal cortex, pontomedullar region, hypothalamus, hippocampus, basal ganglia) and the diaphragm.	Atropine	101-109	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	113-133
9714455-1	1998	Light responsiveness of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) content in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the rat with pupils dilated by atropine was examined by enzyme immunoassay.	Atropine	147-155	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	28-61
9714455-1	1998	Light responsiveness of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) content in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the rat with pupils dilated by atropine was examined by enzyme immunoassay.	Atropine	147-155	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
11819264-4	1998	Effects of TRH in DVC on motility of the gallbladder could be completely abolished by atropine (0.2mg/g, i.v.)	Atropine	86-94	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	11-14
9635412-3	1998	Atropine was effective in decreasing the rate of aging on DFP-inhibited NTE and this effect was time- and concentration-dependent.	Atropine	0-8	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 6	Homo sapiens	72-75
9635412-4	1998	Atropine was also a weak but progressive inhibitor of NTE activity (I50 = 80 mM) and this reaction appears to be reversible at lower atropine concentrations.	Atropine	0-8	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 6	Homo sapiens	54-57
9635412-4	1998	Atropine was also a weak but progressive inhibitor of NTE activity (I50 = 80 mM) and this reaction appears to be reversible at lower atropine concentrations.	Atropine	133-141	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 6	Homo sapiens	54-57
9579318-8	1998	Afferents to the CA1 pyramidal cells are assumed to be rhythmic and consist of atropine-sensitive and atropine-resistant inputs driving the somata and distal dendrites, respectively.	Atropine	79-87	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
9579318-8	1998	Afferents to the CA1 pyramidal cells are assumed to be rhythmic and consist of atropine-sensitive and atropine-resistant inputs driving the somata and distal dendrites, respectively.	Atropine	102-110	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
9475863-4	1998	Atropine significantly reduced the volume of returned lavage fluids and their lysozyme content but increased their albumin and fibrinogen content.	Atropine	0-8	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	127-137
9605260-7	1998	Atropine (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, -20 min) prevented ammonia-induced injury accompanied by a block of changes in gastric immunoreactive ET-1 and TRH concentrations.	Atropine	0-8	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	149-152
9458786-5	1998	These findings indicate that vagal efferent activation induced by TRH analog injected intracisternally at a gastric acid secretory dose increases GMBF through atropine-sensitive mechanisms stimulating L-arginine-nitric oxide pathways, whereas H1 receptors and capsaicin-sensitive afferent fibers do not play a role.	Atropine	159-167	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
9543242-7	1998	Atropine had no effect on tracheal contractions to neurokinin A and substance P, while [Sar9, Met(O2)11]substance P contractions were atropine sensitive.	Atropine	134-142	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	104-115
9458777-5	1998	Exogenous motilin (0.01-0.3 microgram/kg) dose dependently stimulated insulin release, which was abolished by atropine, hexamethonium, ondansetron, and truncal vagotomy.	Atropine	110-118	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	70-77
9434202-7	1998	The inhibitory effect of melatonin on vasopressin and oxytocin release was abolished (p &lt; 0.05) in the presence of atropine (10[-8] M), mecylamine (10[-6] and 10[-4] M), ibuprofen (10[-4] M) and haloperidol (10[-6] and 10[-5] M).	Atropine	118-126	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	38-49
9468094-5	1998	The gastrin and somatostatin responses to 10(-4) M GABA were completely inhibited by the GABA(A) antagonist bicuculline (10(-5) M) and the cholinergic blocker atropine(l0(-7) M), whereas the GABAB antagonist CGP 35348 (5 x 10(-5) M) was ineffective.	Atropine	159-167	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	4-11
9468094-5	1998	The gastrin and somatostatin responses to 10(-4) M GABA were completely inhibited by the GABA(A) antagonist bicuculline (10(-5) M) and the cholinergic blocker atropine(l0(-7) M), whereas the GABAB antagonist CGP 35348 (5 x 10(-5) M) was ineffective.	Atropine	159-167	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	16-28
9468094-8	1998	Atropine (10(-7) M) turned vagally induced inhibition of somatostatin release into a stimulation by 928 +/- 266 pg/10 min which was not altered by additionally infused bicuculline.	Atropine	0-8	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	57-69
9680266-6	1998	However, both the NK1 and NK2 receptor antagonist (each at 0.1 microM) abolished peristalsis after cholinergic transmission via muscarinic receptors had been blocked by atropine (1 microM) and peristalsis rescued by naloxone (0.5 microM).	Atropine	169-177	substance-K receptor	Cavia porcellus	26-38
14518292-9	1998	Atropine suppressed the low dose CCK effect completely.	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	33-36
14518292-10	1998	Whereas CCK at high doses caused a 1.5 fold increase despite atropine.	Atropine	61-69	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	8-11
9422808-27	1997	The responses obtained by activating NK1 and NK2 receptors are atropine-resistant.	Atropine	63-71	tachykinin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	37-40
9747902-3	1998	The inhibitory effect of 10 nmol of nociceptin on spinal sensitization, was readily antagonized by naltrexone, but not by atropine or yohimbine.	Atropine	122-130	prepronociceptin	Homo sapiens	36-46
9430789-7	1997	Atropine, injected intravenously, completely abolished the contractile effect of CGRP.	Atropine	0-8	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	81-85
9362363-10	1997	The stimulatory effect of TRH analog was blocked by hepatic branch vagotomy and atropine, but not by hepatic sympathectomy, 6-hydroxydopamine, insulin antibody, or hypophysectomy.	Atropine	80-88	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
9428982-9	1997	The enhancement of gastric emptying induced by selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, substituted benzamides and 5-MOT was inhibited by TTX (10 micrograms/kg s.c.) and by atropine (1 mg/kg s.c.).	Atropine	170-178	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Rattus norvegicus	57-71
9351671-4	1997	Atropine significantly reduced the NO-evoked contraction and the remaining part was abolished by the NK1-receptor antagonist CP 96,345.	Atropine	0-8	substance-P receptor	Cavia porcellus	101-113
9430424-5	1997	[Nle13]motilin dose-dependently (10[-9]-10[-8] M) enhanced the amplitude of, atropine sensitive, evoked contractions.	Atropine	77-85	promotilin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	7-14
9335000-8	1997	In the presence of blockade of both 5-HT1P and VIP receptors, atropine abolished the Isc response to both stimuli.	Atropine	62-70	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	47-50
9300319-5	1997	The relaxation caused by CGRP was also slightly inhibited at 2 x 10(-8) M by removal of endothelium and in the presence of methylene blue, NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME), or glibenclamide but was not affected by atropine, propranolol, indomethacin, or tetrodotoxin.	Atropine	222-230	calcitonin/calcitonin-related polypeptide, alpha	Mus musculus	25-29
9404626-8	1997	Prior to cholinergic blockade, posterior hypothalamic stimulation produced theta rhythm and dodges, even in the absence of the robber, but following injections, atropine-sensitive theta rhythm and dodging were absent as the animals dropped the food and ran.	Atropine	161-169	RAN, member RAS oncogene family	Rattus norvegicus	253-256
9401759-4	1997	McN-A-343 and AHR-602, as well as carbachol, completely displaced the atropine-sensitive binding of [3H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate to muscarinic receptors present in the membrane preparation.	Atropine	70-78	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Cavia porcellus	14-17
9467826-5	1997	Pibutidine hydrochloride (IT-066), a novel H2-receptor antagonist, (0.3 mg/kg, s.c.) inhibited the formation of ulcer and reversed the inhibition of mucin sulfation by the CSI-treatment, whereas atropine sulfate, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) did not inhibit the development of ulcer nor decrease in the mucin sulfation at 6 hr after the CSI-treatment.	Atropine	195-211	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	149-154
9408001-4	1997	Atropine and tetrodotoxin blocked the negative dromotropic response to PACAP-27 and after blockade PACAP-27 caused only a positive dromotropic response.	Atropine	0-8	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-76
9277416-6	1997	Atropine decreased postprandial outputs of HGL, pepsin, gastric acid, and HPL (P &lt; 0.03) while slowing gastric emptying (P &lt; 0.05).	Atropine	0-8	lipase F, gastric type	Homo sapiens	43-46
9416990-2	1997	In the proventriculus longitudinal and circular muscle layers, chicken motilin (3 nM-1 microM) caused an atropine- and a tetrodotoxin-sensitive contraction (EC50 = 39-49 nM), and potentiated the EFS-induced contraction without affecting the responsiveness of acetylcholine.	Atropine	105-113	motilin	Gallus gallus	71-78
9277430-7	1997	The contractile action of neurotensin, observed in the absence of atropine and nifedipine, was potentiated by L-NAME (10(-4) M); L-arginine (5 x 10(-3) M) prevented the L-NAME effect.	Atropine	66-74	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	26-37
9277416-9	1997	Atropine enhanced gastrin but not CCK release.	Atropine	0-8	gastrin	Homo sapiens	18-25
9291842-3	1997	Atropine sulfate (20-200 micrograms) was administered into the lateral cerebral ventricle and its effects on the basal secretion of PP as well as the secretions stimulated by insulin-induced hypoglycemia (Actrapid MC, 0.25 U/kg) and a mixed meal (243 kcal) were studied in seven dogs.	Atropine	0-16	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	132-134
9350974-14	1997	We hypothesize that VIP could mediate the glucagon response to parasympathetic activation which has been shown to resistant to cholinergic blockade with atropine in several species.	Atropine	153-161	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	20-23
9291842-7	1997	Centrally administered atropine was able to suppress the basal secretion of PP as well as the secretions stimulated by hypoglycemia and food intake.	Atropine	23-31	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	76-78
9291842-4	1997	Intralateral cerebroventricular (ILV) atropine (100 and 200 micrograms) abolished the fluctuations in basal PP secretion without appearing in the plasma.	Atropine	38-46	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	108-110
9283712-8	1997	Although the contraction caused by alpha, beta-mATP was strongly diminished by Ca(2+)-removal and nifedipine, and also by tetrodotoxin and atropine at 0.3 microM, the release of ATP was virtually unaffected by these procedures.	Atropine	139-147	solute carrier family 45, member 2	Mus musculus	47-51
9291842-5	1997	Pretreatment with 20, 100, and 200 micrograms ILV atropine significantly decreased the PP response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, with the integrated PP response to 58, 32, and 26% of that of controls respectively.	Atropine	50-58	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	87-89
9291842-5	1997	Pretreatment with 20, 100, and 200 micrograms ILV atropine significantly decreased the PP response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, with the integrated PP response to 58, 32, and 26% of that of controls respectively.	Atropine	50-58	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	102-109
9291842-5	1997	Pretreatment with 20, 100, and 200 micrograms ILV atropine significantly decreased the PP response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, with the integrated PP response to 58, 32, and 26% of that of controls respectively.	Atropine	50-58	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	152-154
9291842-6	1997	Atropine (100 micrograms ILV) significantly reduced the postprandial PP secretion in both the cephalic and the gastrointestinal phases, whereas increased insulin and glucose levels were unaffected.	Atropine	0-8	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	69-71
9211810-3	1997	Cardiac vagal tone was absent at P10 but significant at P20 (P &lt; 0.05) as revealed with atropine (0.5-1 mg/kg i.v.).	Atropine	91-99	heat shock protein family B (small) member 6	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
9299636-6	1997	Atropine or hexamethonium significantly inhibited L-NNA-induced phase III-like contractions and the increase in motilin level.	Atropine	0-8	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	112-119
9299636-7	1997	Atropine or hexamethonium significantly inhibited L-NNA-induced phase III-like contractions and the increase in motilin level.	Atropine	0-8	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	112-119
9211810-6	1997	In P14-17 rats stimulation of neurones in either the solitary tract or ambiguual nuclei, by microinjection of L-glutamate (100-200 pmol), evoked an atropine-sensitive bradycardia indicating a functional integrity of central and peripheral efferent pathways mediating the baroreceptor reflex.	Atropine	148-156	S100 calcium binding protein A9	Rattus norvegicus	3-6
9149064-6	1997	Cephalic stimuli can evoke human gastric lipase secretion, and this effect was almost ablated by atropine blockade of cholinergic receptors.	Atropine	97-105	lipase F, gastric type	Homo sapiens	33-47
9241590-0	1997	Effect of atropine on milk protein yield by dairy cows with different beta-lactoglobulin phenotypes.	Atropine	10-18	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	22-26
9241590-1	1997	The objective of this study was to determine the response of individual milk proteins to a reduction in amino acid (AA) availability induced by atropine and to determine whether the response was different in cows with different beta-lactoglobulin (LG) phenotypes.	Atropine	144-152	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	72-76
9241590-3	1997	In both groups of cows, atropine decreased milk yield by 30% and reduced the concentration of alpha-lactalbumin (LA) by 25 to 30% at 8 h following injection.	Atropine	24-32	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	43-47
9241590-3	1997	In both groups of cows, atropine decreased milk yield by 30% and reduced the concentration of alpha-lactalbumin (LA) by 25 to 30% at 8 h following injection.	Atropine	24-32	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	94-111
9241590-5	1997	Concentrations of BSA and the ratio of gamma-CN to beta-CN, which reflects plasmin activity in milk, were significantly increased after administration of atropine.	Atropine	154-162	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	95-99
9241590-6	1997	Although the response to atropine tended to be more pronounced in cows that were homozygous for beta-LG B, they were not significantly different from the response of cows that were homozygous for beta-LG B, they were not significantly different from the response of cows that were homozygous for beta-LG A.	Atropine	25-33	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	96-103
9241590-9	1997	The consistent concentration of lactose combined with the minimal increase in total yield of BSA in milk following atropine treatment indicated that the increased concentration in milk of proteins derived from serum was due to the concentrating effect of lower milk volume.	Atropine	115-123	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	180-184
9241590-9	1997	The consistent concentration of lactose combined with the minimal increase in total yield of BSA in milk following atropine treatment indicated that the increased concentration in milk of proteins derived from serum was due to the concentrating effect of lower milk volume.	Atropine	115-123	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	180-184
9187341-9	1997	Submaximal doses of atropine (0.2 microg), mecamylamine (0.1 microg) or naloxone (0.25 microg) was also effective in stimulating the afternoon levels of TIDA neuronal activity and inhibiting serum PRL, and no additive effect was observed either.	Atropine	20-28	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	197-200
9149064-7	1997	The concentrations of CCK and secretin in plasma were unaffected by sham feeding with or without atropine blockade, whereas gastrin was stimulated by sham feeding after atropine blockade.	Atropine	169-177	gastrin	Homo sapiens	124-131
9136850-7	1997	Thus, this inhibitory effect on gallbladder contraction depended on the hydrophobicity of bile salts and was also specific for certain stimuli such as CCK and field stimulation (mediated by cholinergic nerves, being abolished by atropine and tetrodotoxin).	Atropine	229-237	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	151-154
9179306-4	1997	In vitro, pieces of parotid and submandibular gland tissues released K+ and protein in response to PACAP-38, with atropine and adrenoceptor antagonists present.	Atropine	114-122	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-104
9226396-2	1997	In organ bath experiments, electrical field stimulation (EFS) in the presence of atropine (1 microM) and guanethidine (3 microM) evoked twitch phasic NANC contractions which were abolished by the combined administration of tachykinin NK1 and NK2 receptor antagonists.	Atropine	81-89	substance-K receptor	Cavia porcellus	242-254
9226396-6	1997	CGRP (1-100 nM) produced a concentration-dependent potentiation of the atropine-sensitive cholinergic contractions evoked by EFS in the presence of guanethidine and of tachykinin NK1 and NK2 receptor antagonists.	Atropine	71-79	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	0-4
9226396-6	1997	CGRP (1-100 nM) produced a concentration-dependent potentiation of the atropine-sensitive cholinergic contractions evoked by EFS in the presence of guanethidine and of tachykinin NK1 and NK2 receptor antagonists.	Atropine	71-79	substance-K receptor	Cavia porcellus	187-199
9142918-5	1997	Vasopressin at 0.2 U/min (plasma level = 322.1 +/- 10.3 pg/ml) evoked nausea (2.6 +/- 0.4) and increases in tachyarrhythmic activity (41 +/- 5%) that were blunted by atropine but not indomethacin.	Atropine	166-174	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	0-11
9142918-10	1997	Blunting of both the release and action of vasopressin by atropine may explain its beneficial action in motion sickness.	Atropine	58-66	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	43-54
9163580-6	1997	A contribution of cholinergic mechanisms to this vagovagal-mediated stimulation of distention-induced gastrin release was excluded, since atropine (100 microg/kg/h; n = 8) further augmented distention-stimulated gastrin release.	Atropine	138-146	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	212-219
9163580-10	1997	Distention-induced decrease of gastrin release was attenuated to 50 percent by atropine (10(-7) M: n = 10) or tetrodotoxin (TTX) (10(-6) M; n = 10), respectively.	Atropine	79-87	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	31-38
9134212-16	1997	These contractile responses to [MePhe7]NKB were also abolished by atropine (0.6 microM) suggesting that this response was mediated via cholinergic nerves.	Atropine	66-74	tachykinin-3	Cavia porcellus	39-42
9138250-7	1997	The CCK release produced by luminal sodium oleate was inhibited by atropine, but not affected by EABI.	Atropine	67-75	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
9062483-5	1997	With all methods a pulsatile pattern of plasma GLP-1 levels with a frequency of five to seven per h was detected; this remained unchanged in the different metabolic states and during atropine treatment.	Atropine	183-191	glucagon	Homo sapiens	47-52
9062483-6	1997	Glucose and GLP-1 plasma levels showed a parallel increase after OGL (OGL without atropine = control: 8.4 +/- 2.9 and 7.9 +/- 3.0 min, respectively).	Atropine	82-90	glucagon	Homo sapiens	12-17
9062483-8	1997	In contrast to plasma glucose concentrations (82.7 +/- 0.3% of control; P &lt; 0.05), atropine infusion reduced the integrated GLP-1 pulse amplitude to 56.0 +/- 11.3% of the control levels (P &lt; 0.05).	Atropine	86-94	glucagon	Homo sapiens	127-132
9062483-11	1997	The differential effect of atropine on glucose and GLP-1 plasma levels suggest a direct cholinergic muscarinic control of L cells.	Atropine	27-35	glucagon	Homo sapiens	51-56
9031749-19	1997	Block of carbachol activation of muscarinic receptors with atropine (1 microM) abolished the elevation of [Ca2+]i by the SRIF and NPY.	Atropine	59-67	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	130-133
9043840-3	1997	AIMS: The present study aimed to assess the effects of non-beta-blocker antianginal therapy on dobutamine (up to 40 micrograms.kg-1.min-1)-atropine (up to 1 mg) stress.	Atropine	139-147	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	132-137
9023182-3	1997	strain AT3 grew with dl-tropic acid, the aromatic component of the alkaloid atropine, as the sole source of carbon and energy.	Atropine	76-84	ataxin 3	Homo sapiens	7-10
9000425-7	1997	Refilling of internal Ca2+ store(s) in carbachol-treated cells (incubation with Ca2++atropine) induced complete inhibition of divalent cation influx, which was not prevented by treatment with protein kinase inhibitors.	Atropine	85-93	KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	192-206
9038878-5	1997	A low dose of atropine (5 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 for 90 min) inhibited the motilin effect in two of five subjects [not significant (NS)], whereas a high dose of atropine (15 micrograms/kg given in 30 min) blocked the motilin-induced premature antral phase III in all instances (n = 5, P &lt; 0.01).	Atropine	14-22	motilin	Homo sapiens	72-79
9038878-7	1997	During the administration of 15 micrograms/kg atropine, when exogenous motilin always failed to induce a premature antral phase III motor, a phase III-type activity was generated at the duodenum in four of five subjects.	Atropine	46-54	motilin	Homo sapiens	71-78
9108448-1	1997	Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) appears to be responsible for atropine-resistant, neurally mediated pancreatic ductal bicarbonate secretion and plays a role in both stimulation and inhibition of neoplastic growth in other organs.	Atropine	66-74	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	0-29
9108448-1	1997	Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) appears to be responsible for atropine-resistant, neurally mediated pancreatic ductal bicarbonate secretion and plays a role in both stimulation and inhibition of neoplastic growth in other organs.	Atropine	66-74	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	31-34
9124587-5	1997	The duodenal HCO(3)- stimulatory action of PACAP-27 was potentiated by pretreatment with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, similar to that of prostaglandin E2, and was significantly attenuated by PACAP-(6--27) (PACAP antagonist) or Ac-Tyr1,D-Phe2-VIP (VIP antagonist) but was not affected by bilateral vagotomy or prior administration of atropine, verapamil, and indomethacin.	Atropine	333-341	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
9049141-3	1997	Postprandial PYY release was suppressed or strongly decreased by caecocolonectomy, truncal vagotomy, tetrodotoxin, hexamethonium, sensory denervation by perivagal capsaicin, and by the NO-synthase inhibitor L-N-arginine methyl ester, while atropine, adrenergic blockers, antagonists of type-A or type-B cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors or bombesin receptors had no effect.	Atropine	240-248	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
9114460-3	1997	During the diluting period, inhibition of GB contractions by a CCKA receptor antagonist, atropine or hexamethonium, resulted in concentration of GB bile, whereas during the concentrating period, CCK-8 shifted the concentration process back to dilution.	Atropine	89-97	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	63-66
8981623-7	1997	SAA at atropine doses of 0.1 mg/kg to 1.0 mg/kg was similar to that found in delirious humans.	Atropine	7-15	serum amyloid A1 cluster	Homo sapiens	0-3
9016931-5	1996	In the presence of atropine, both SDZ 205-557 and yohimbine, a 5-HT2B receptor antagonist, inhibited the contraction.	Atropine	19-27	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Rattus norvegicus	63-69
9009112-5	1997	Atropine significantly reduced whole colon (change from fasting = 52 +/- 11%) and left colon (change from fasting 61 +/- 8%) phasic pressure activity and transverse colon tone (change from fasting 159 +/- 40%); CCK-OP had no significant effects on phasic contractility, tone or transit.	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	211-214
8942723-7	1996	In vivo, exogenous p-motilin stimulated endogenous c-motilin release and gastric and duodenal phase III-like contractions; this motilin-induced motilin release was inhibited by atropine, hexamethonium, and a 5-hydroxy-tryptamine 3 receptor antagonist.	Atropine	177-185	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	21-28
8942723-7	1996	In vivo, exogenous p-motilin stimulated endogenous c-motilin release and gastric and duodenal phase III-like contractions; this motilin-induced motilin release was inhibited by atropine, hexamethonium, and a 5-hydroxy-tryptamine 3 receptor antagonist.	Atropine	177-185	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	53-60
8942723-7	1996	In vivo, exogenous p-motilin stimulated endogenous c-motilin release and gastric and duodenal phase III-like contractions; this motilin-induced motilin release was inhibited by atropine, hexamethonium, and a 5-hydroxy-tryptamine 3 receptor antagonist.	Atropine	177-185	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	53-60
8942723-7	1996	In vivo, exogenous p-motilin stimulated endogenous c-motilin release and gastric and duodenal phase III-like contractions; this motilin-induced motilin release was inhibited by atropine, hexamethonium, and a 5-hydroxy-tryptamine 3 receptor antagonist.	Atropine	177-185	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	53-60
8942724-6	1996	RX 77368-stimulated RMCP II release was also abolished by vagotomy and reduced by atropine by 65%.	Atropine	82-90	mast cell protease 2	Rattus norvegicus	20-27
8956097-6	1996	If the bradycardia is prevented or reversed by atropine, the rate of absorption of sodium nitrite and the formation of methemoglobin is able to reverse the otherwise lethal effects of cyanide.	Atropine	47-55	hemoglobin subunit gamma 2	Homo sapiens	119-132
9365972-2	1997	In patients receiving atropine heart rate increased 8.8 beats.min-1 (8.7%) and 16.2 beats.min-1 (16.0%) after 3 and 5 min respectively.	Atropine	22-30	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	62-67
9365972-2	1997	In patients receiving atropine heart rate increased 8.8 beats.min-1 (8.7%) and 16.2 beats.min-1 (16.0%) after 3 and 5 min respectively.	Atropine	22-30	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	90-95
8892658-5	1996	The positive chronotropic effect was enhanced in the presence of 1 microM of atropine, demonstrating a muscarinic stimulation by the IgG fractions in the presence of a beta-adrenergic stimulation, which was blocked by the use of 1 microM of the beta1-selective antagonist bisoprolol.	Atropine	77-85	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	245-250
8905341-3	1996	Using recombinant human muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (m1 and m5) and the functional assay, receptor selection and amplification technology (R-SAT), we have now shown that co-administration of the full agonist, carbachol, and a competitive antagonist, atropine or pirenzepine, at fixed ratios display functional partial agonism.	Atropine	257-265	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 1	Homo sapiens	24-69
8910214-7	1996	The inhibitory effect of secretin and ACh could be relieved by atropine, and by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors staurosporine and 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulphonyl)-2-methyl-piperazine (H-7).	Atropine	63-71	acyl-CoA thioesterase 12	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
8944704-6	1996	Pretreatment of rats with the CRF antagonist alpha-helical-CRF9-41, hexamethonium, atropine, or bretylium, or the mast cell stabilizer lodoxamide inhibited stress-induced release of RMCP II, PGE2, and mucin, whereas indomethacin prevented mucin release but not mast cell degranulation.	Atropine	83-91	mast cell protease 2	Rattus norvegicus	182-189
16535398-2	1996	Pseudomonas strain AT3, isolated by elective culture with atropine, hydrolyzed atropine and grew diauxically, first on the tropic acid and then on the tropine.	Atropine	58-66	ataxin 3	Homo sapiens	19-22
16535398-2	1996	Pseudomonas strain AT3, isolated by elective culture with atropine, hydrolyzed atropine and grew diauxically, first on the tropic acid and then on the tropine.	Atropine	79-87	ataxin 3	Homo sapiens	19-22
8683731-4	1996	RESULTS: Substance P and BK potentiated responses to the purinergic component of the neurogenic stimulation (that part of the contractile response that remains after treatment with atropine) and potentiated responses to exogenously applied adenosine triphosphate (ATP).	Atropine	181-189	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	9-20
8858914-4	1996	In addition, carbachol stimulation of both luciferase and Egr-1 mRNA expression could be completely inhibited by atropine but not hexamethonium.	Atropine	113-121	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-63
8964116-4	1996	Microvessels were incubated in the presence of agonists for nitric oxide production (acetylcholine and bradykinin), which caused dose-dependent increases in nitrite, a response that was blocked by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and receptor-specific antagonists (atropine and HOE 140, respectively).	Atropine	265-273	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	103-113
8864420-12	1996	Both atropine and loxiglumide enhanced gastrin release whereas only loxiglumide markedly stimulated CCK release.	Atropine	5-13	gastrin	Homo sapiens	39-46
8843776-5	1996	The CCK-independent increases by HGC instillation are completely depressed by atropine.	Atropine	78-86	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
8843776-8	1996	We conclude that the stimulatory effects of dietary protein on the pancreatic enzyme secretion partially do not depend on CCK in chronic BPJ-diverted rats and that the CCK-independent increase is atropine sensitive.	Atropine	196-204	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	168-171
8878063-20	1996	We conclude that endogenous tachykinins are involved in mediating atropine-resistant reflex contractions evoked by distension of the rat duodenum in vivo: both NK1 and NK2 receptors are activated by endogenous ligands to produce NANC contractions of rat duodenum in vivo.	Atropine	66-74	tachykinin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	160-163
8878063-20	1996	We conclude that endogenous tachykinins are involved in mediating atropine-resistant reflex contractions evoked by distension of the rat duodenum in vivo: both NK1 and NK2 receptors are activated by endogenous ligands to produce NANC contractions of rat duodenum in vivo.	Atropine	66-74	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	168-171
8683731-4	1996	RESULTS: Substance P and BK potentiated responses to the purinergic component of the neurogenic stimulation (that part of the contractile response that remains after treatment with atropine) and potentiated responses to exogenously applied adenosine triphosphate (ATP).	Atropine	181-189	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	25-27
8835645-2	1996	Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve in atropine-treated and propranolol-treated guinea pigs caused a 38.1% decrease in dynamic compliance (Cdyn), which was suppressed by the combination of the tachykinin NK1-receptor antagonist (+/-)-CP-96345 and NK2-receptor antagonist SR 48968.	Atropine	45-53	substance-K receptor	Cavia porcellus	253-265
8760181-4	1996	A linear progressive reduction was observed in SD1 during atropine administration, and it remained almost at the zero level during exercise after a parasympathetic blockade.	Atropine	58-66	CUP2Q35	Homo sapiens	47-50
8760181-5	1996	Atropine resulted in more variable changes in SD2 and the SD1/SD2 ratio, but during exercise after parasympathetic blockade, a progressive increase was observed in the SD1/SD2 ratio until the end of exercise.	Atropine	0-8	CUP2Q35	Homo sapiens	58-61
8795088-8	1996	In this study, 2 ng of oxytocin decreased plasma levels of CCK, gastrin and somatostatin, effects that were blocked by pretreatment with atropine.	Atropine	137-145	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
8795088-8	1996	In this study, 2 ng of oxytocin decreased plasma levels of CCK, gastrin and somatostatin, effects that were blocked by pretreatment with atropine.	Atropine	137-145	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	64-71
8795088-8	1996	In this study, 2 ng of oxytocin decreased plasma levels of CCK, gastrin and somatostatin, effects that were blocked by pretreatment with atropine.	Atropine	137-145	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	76-88
8762101-17	1996	Atropine (Atr) pre-incubation decreased the explanted airway and vessel response to AII, but no difference was found in the parenchymal strip response.	Atropine	0-8	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
8762101-17	1996	Atropine (Atr) pre-incubation decreased the explanted airway and vessel response to AII, but no difference was found in the parenchymal strip response.	Atropine	0-3	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
8648021-10	1996	CONCLUSION: The induction of sneezing and of atropine-inhibitable contralateral glandular secretion demonstrates that allergic inflammation causes nasal hyperreactivity to bradykinin, at least in part, by enhancing neuronal responsiveness.	Atropine	45-53	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	172-182
8791169-3	1996	The gastric motility induced by low doses of EM574 and motilin was abolished by a 5HT3-receptor antagonist ondansetron and acute vagal blockade, whereas under these conditions, high doses of both agents induced contractions, which were abolished by atropine.	Atropine	249-257	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	55-62
8741176-3	1996	In addition, we tested the effect of the muscarinic receptor antagonist, atropine, on hyperosmolar saline-induced vasopressin release.	Atropine	73-81	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	114-125
8762180-0	1996	Increased beta-amyloid precursor protein mRNA in the rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus after chronic systemic atropine treatment.	Atropine	112-120	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	10-40
8762180-3	1996	QNB binding in the atropine-treated group was increased 6-7% in the areas measured (dentate gyrus, CA1, and cerebral cortex), confirming that the treatment was effective in inducing muscarinic receptor upregulation.	Atropine	19-27	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
8762180-4	1996	Hybridization signal for beta-APP mRNA was increased 15-20% in the atropine-treated group in the same regions.	Atropine	67-75	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	25-33
8762180-5	1996	As chronic atropine treatment models the muscarinic effects of cholinergic denervation, these results suggest that age-related cholinergic neuron loss may result in upregulation of beta-APP.	Atropine	11-19	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	181-189
8741176-6	1996	Pretreatment with atropine reduced 0.3 M (2.3 +/- 0.6 pg/ml vs. 5.4 +/- 0.9 pg/ml in vehicle-pretreated controls, P &lt; 0.05) and 0.6 M saline-induced AVP release (4.0 +/- 1.5 pg/ml vs. 18.4 +/- 2.4 pg/ml in vehicle-pretreated controls, P &lt; 0.05) but did not affect 0.2 M saline-induced vasopressin release (2.1 +/- 0.4 pg/ml vs. 3.2 +/- 0.8 pg/ml in vehicle-pretreated controls).	Atropine	18-26	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	291-302
8729433-8	1996	The IST is sufficiently sensitive to allow demonstration of dose-response relationships for atropine-induced insulin resistance.	Atropine	92-100	insulin	Felis catus	109-116
8967475-1	1996	The objective was to determine the site of insulin resistance produced by intraportal atropine or surgical hepatic denervation.	Atropine	86-94	insulin	Felis catus	43-50
8769893-3	1996	The muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine completely abolished the carbachol effect on TH gene expression.	Atropine	35-43	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	89-91
8845143-3	1996	atropine and alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents, the total amounts of VIP and substance P were reduced after feeding by 23 and 42%, respectively; in contrast the NPY content was not significantly affected.	Atropine	0-8	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
8845143-4	1996	Similarly, in animals given atropine alone the VIP content was reduced by 25% and substance P by 40% after feeding.	Atropine	28-36	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
8852589-1	1996	The turning behavior induced by the intrastriatal injection of the D1 agonist (+)SKF 38393 was blocked by the two selective nonpeptide tachykinin NK1 (SR 140333) (ID50 = 0.09 mg/kg ip) and NK2 (SR 48968) (ID50 = 1.4 mg/kg ip) receptor antagonists and by atropine (ID50 = 2.6 mg/kg ip).	Atropine	254-262	tachykinin 1	Mus musculus	146-149
8852589-2	1996	In addition, the turning induced by the intrastriatal injection of NK1 (septide) and NK2 ([Nle10]NKA(4-10)) receptor agonists were antagonized by atropine (ID50s = 1.1 mg/kg ip and 0.78 mg/kg ip, respectively).	Atropine	146-154	tachykinin 1	Mus musculus	67-70
8852589-2	1996	In addition, the turning induced by the intrastriatal injection of NK1 (septide) and NK2 ([Nle10]NKA(4-10)) receptor agonists were antagonized by atropine (ID50s = 1.1 mg/kg ip and 0.78 mg/kg ip, respectively).	Atropine	146-154	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A, member 3	Mus musculus	85-88
8779966-5	1996	The vasodilator response to low-dose CCK-8 (0.04 nmol/min) was further analyzed and found to be inhibited by acute bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, atropine (1 mumol/kg ip), and the antagonistic calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) fragment CGRP-(8-37) (6 nmol/ min ia).	Atropine	152-160	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
8772536-3	1996	Topical application of 10(-8) mol/cm2 of each protein to an isolated tracheal segment elicited TSM contraction with potency PL &gt; MBP &gt; PA. Pretreatment with atropine blocked the subsequent response to MBP but did not block the response to either PL or PA.	Atropine	163-171	myelin basic protein	Cavia porcellus	132-135
8772514-12	1996	Secretin-stimulated (90-210 min) bicarbonate output was diminished by insulin (0.03 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.31 +/- 0.05 meq/10 min; P &lt; 0.003) in INN but not DEN animals; this effect was partially reversed by atropine.	Atropine	203-211	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	70-77
8772536-3	1996	Topical application of 10(-8) mol/cm2 of each protein to an isolated tracheal segment elicited TSM contraction with potency PL &gt; MBP &gt; PA. Pretreatment with atropine blocked the subsequent response to MBP but did not block the response to either PL or PA.	Atropine	163-171	myelin basic protein	Cavia porcellus	207-210
8804063-6	1996	The stimulation of GLP-1 secretion by methacholine was abolished by addition of atropine and partly reduced by galanin.	Atropine	80-88	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	19-24
8867774-4	1996	In contrast, atropine accelerated the heart rate to 96 beats min-1, but did not significantly change the amplitude or temporal pattern of the ballistocardiogram.	Atropine	13-21	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	61-66
9201320-11	1996	The blockage of the muscarinic receptor with atropine blocked the IP3 increase induced by alpha-MSH as well.	Atropine	45-53	proopiomelanocortin	Rattus norvegicus	90-99
8747782-5	1995	CCK-8-induced muscle strip contraction was atropine and tetrodotoxin resistant, but was completely eliminated by devazepide.	Atropine	43-51	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	0-3
8927624-0	1996	The effect of pancreatic denervation and atropine on the cholecystokinin-induced pancreatic exocrine response.	Atropine	41-49	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	57-72
7595498-5	1995	However, the addition of atropine at plateau phases of CCh-induced [Ca2+]i rise and IP3 production caused a rapid decline to the basal levels and then restored the [Ca2+]i rise by BK.	Atropine	25-33	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	180-182
24197641-7	1995	The means (+- SEM) negative logarithm of the dissociation constant (pKb or pA2 value) for atropine against the ACh action on muscarinic receptors were 9.10 (+- 0.13) (n = 6), similar to those values obtained in mammalian atria.	Atropine	90-98	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	68-71
7476883-6	1995	In cells treated with carbachol for 48 hr, induction of withdrawal with the muscarinic antagonist atropine led to a small increase in intracellular cAMP concentration but an 11.6-fold increase in the phosphorylation of CREB and a 3.4-fold increase in accumulation of c-fos mRNA.	Atropine	98-106	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	219-223
8744976-0	1995	Induction of insulin resistance by cholinergic blockade with atropine in the cat.	Atropine	61-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
8744976-2	1995	Insulin sensitivity was quantified using a modified euglycaemic technique after hepatic cholinergic blockade with atropine and compared with that after surgical denervation.	Atropine	114-122	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
8744976-4	1995	Intraportal administration of atropine produced dose-dependent inhibition of insulin sensitivity in glucose metabolism.	Atropine	30-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
8744976-7	1995	Atropine (3 mg kg-1) reduced insulin sensitivity by a similar amount (33.6 +/- 3.4%) to that produced by hepatic surgical denervation (37.8 +/- 9.8%).	Atropine	0-8	insulin	Homo sapiens	29-36
8744976-10	1995	Atropine reduced insulin sensitivity without changes in plasma concentrations of glucagon or insulin.	Atropine	0-8	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
7573442-8	1995	Either bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy or atropine abolished the ability of the TRH analogue to stimulate pancreatic secretion.	Atropine	46-54	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
8750923-7	1995	Further experiments, performed in the presence of a low concentration of atropine (10 nM) showed that the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonist human alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide (8-37) [hCGRP(8-37); 10 microM] attenuated the delayed inhibitory effect of capsaicin on peristalsis, but did not influence baseline peristaltic activity and the capsaicin-induced facilitation of peristalsis.	Atropine	73-81	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	106-137
8750923-7	1995	Further experiments, performed in the presence of a low concentration of atropine (10 nM) showed that the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonist human alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide (8-37) [hCGRP(8-37); 10 microM] attenuated the delayed inhibitory effect of capsaicin on peristalsis, but did not influence baseline peristaltic activity and the capsaicin-induced facilitation of peristalsis.	Atropine	73-81	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	139-143
8750923-7	1995	Further experiments, performed in the presence of a low concentration of atropine (10 nM) showed that the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonist human alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide (8-37) [hCGRP(8-37); 10 microM] attenuated the delayed inhibitory effect of capsaicin on peristalsis, but did not influence baseline peristaltic activity and the capsaicin-induced facilitation of peristalsis.	Atropine	73-81	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	168-199
8744976-16	1995	The modified euglycaemic clamp method for assessing insulin responses was shown to be reproducible up to four times in the same animal and was sufficiently sensitive and quantitative to be able to generate a dose-response curve in each animal for atropine-induced insulin resistance.	Atropine	247-255	insulin	Homo sapiens	52-59
8744976-16	1995	The modified euglycaemic clamp method for assessing insulin responses was shown to be reproducible up to four times in the same animal and was sufficiently sensitive and quantitative to be able to generate a dose-response curve in each animal for atropine-induced insulin resistance.	Atropine	247-255	insulin	Homo sapiens	264-271
7490533-5	1995	Arterial infusion of cholinergic agonists strongly enhanced GLP-1 secretion which was counteracted by the addition of atropine.	Atropine	118-126	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	60-65
7476883-6	1995	In cells treated with carbachol for 48 hr, induction of withdrawal with the muscarinic antagonist atropine led to a small increase in intracellular cAMP concentration but an 11.6-fold increase in the phosphorylation of CREB and a 3.4-fold increase in accumulation of c-fos mRNA.	Atropine	98-106	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	267-272
8569737-6	1995	And finally, the data is presented that acetylcholine-induced elevations of intracellular levels of cyclic GMP can be attenuated by muscarinic antagonist, atropine and superoxide anion scavenger, nitroblue tetrazolium.	Atropine	155-163	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	107-110
7553326-3	1995	Intravenous injection of CCK (114 pmol/kg) increased the pancreatic secretion during atropine infusion, but not during proglumide infusion.	Atropine	85-93	cholecystokinin	Ovis aries	25-28
8775430-1	1995	The effect of the muscarinic antagonist atropine on associative long-term potentiation of the CA1 population EPSPs was studied in rat hippocampal slices.	Atropine	40-48	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-97
7557269-4	1995	When VIP and ACh were administered together, the enhancement of fluid secretion was inhibited by pretreatment with atropine or 4-DAMP and the enhancement of protein secretion was inhibited by pretreatment with atropine or phentolamine.	Atropine	115-123	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
7557269-4	1995	When VIP and ACh were administered together, the enhancement of fluid secretion was inhibited by pretreatment with atropine or 4-DAMP and the enhancement of protein secretion was inhibited by pretreatment with atropine or phentolamine.	Atropine	210-218	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
7557269-6	1995	The enhancement of the ACh-induced secretion of fluid by secretin was strongly inhibited by pretreatment with atropine, and it was weakly inhibited by pretreatment with phentolamine or haloperidol.	Atropine	110-118	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	57-65
7631792-7	1995	Pretreatment of the animals with both atropine and the VIP antagonist completely abolished ileal and jejunal water secretion stimulated by cerebral TRH.	Atropine	38-46	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	148-151
7631889-7	1995	Pretreatment with systemic atropine prior to central injection of rat PP eliminated the stimulation of emptying, suggesting that PP acts through a cholinergic mechanism.	Atropine	27-35	pancreatic polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	129-131
7741287-11	1995	Part II: The HR in the control group increased by more than 20 beats.min-1 in response to atropine 20 micrograms.kg-1 or less.	Atropine	90-98	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	69-74
7496439-3	1995	VIP-antagonist (10(-9) to 10(-5 M), as well as atropine alone (10 (-7) to 10(-5 M), partially suppressed full erection induced by cavernous nerve stimulation (1 Hz, 3-6 V) in a dose-dependent manner, and the combination of VIP-antagonist (10(-9) to 10(-5 M) with atropine (10(-6 M) showed an additive effect.	Atropine	263-271	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
8582185-1	1995	In the present study, we adopted real-time ultrasonography to investigate the effect of atropine on the gallbladder emptying induced by CCK-OP in the normal subjects, and the difference of gallbladder emptying induced by CCK-OP between the "silent" gallstone patients and the controls.	Atropine	88-96	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	136-139
8582185-2	1995	The results showed that: (a) CCK-induced gallbladder emptying in normal subjects was inhibited from 88.7% +/- 5.5% without atropine to 43.4% +/- 9.4% with atropine (P &lt; 0.001).	Atropine	123-131	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	29-32
8582185-2	1995	The results showed that: (a) CCK-induced gallbladder emptying in normal subjects was inhibited from 88.7% +/- 5.5% without atropine to 43.4% +/- 9.4% with atropine (P &lt; 0.001).	Atropine	155-163	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	29-32
7473892-1	1995	The antidotal action of atropine sulfate and 2-pyridine aldoxime methiodide (2-PAM) against poisoning attributable to the new procarbamate insecticide benfuracarb [(ethyl N-[2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yloxycarbonyl (methyl) aminothio]-N-isopropyl-beta-alaninate] was compared utilizing rats as our experimental model.	Atropine	24-40	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
7473892-6	1995	It is suggested that atropine sulfate antagonizes benfuracarb poisoning by blocking acetylcholine (ACh) receptors, as many other carbamate insecticides, since benfuracarb was an in vivo cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor and the toxic effect of benfuracarb was reduced by atropine sulfate.	Atropine	21-37	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	186-200
7473892-6	1995	It is suggested that atropine sulfate antagonizes benfuracarb poisoning by blocking acetylcholine (ACh) receptors, as many other carbamate insecticides, since benfuracarb was an in vivo cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor and the toxic effect of benfuracarb was reduced by atropine sulfate.	Atropine	21-37	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	202-205
7642974-6	1995	Atropine decreased pancreatic response (protein output) to intravenous CCK-8 and markedly inhibited the response (juice flow, bicarbonate, and protein output) to intraduodenal CCK-8.	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Bos taurus	71-74
7642974-6	1995	Atropine decreased pancreatic response (protein output) to intravenous CCK-8 and markedly inhibited the response (juice flow, bicarbonate, and protein output) to intraduodenal CCK-8.	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Bos taurus	176-179
7741287-14	1995	A larger dose of atropine was required to increase the HR by 20 beats.min-1 in children receiving the premedicant in the larger dose.	Atropine	17-25	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	70-75
7482519-5	1995	The excitatory effect of motilin (2.0 microgram/kg-hr) was abolished by atropine but was not affected by hexamethonium.	Atropine	72-80	motilin	Canis lupus familiaris	25-32
7730529-7	1995	MAIN RESULTS: Mean SAA was significantly elevated in the delirious group (mean +/- SD = 6.05 +/- 2.97 nM atropine equivalents) compared with the controls (3.38 +/- 2.49; t(20) = 2.28, P &lt; .05).	Atropine	105-113	serum amyloid A1 cluster	Homo sapiens	19-22
7783377-3	1995	Intraperitoneal pre-treatment of atropine completely blocked the central effect of NPY, but neither pyrilamine nor cimetidine affected.	Atropine	33-41	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
7660817-6	1995	After pretreatment with chlorphenamine or atropine phase II contraction were still reduced by Tet 1 mumol.L(-1), inhibitory rates being 70 +/- 16% and 64 +/- 16% of control, respectively.	Atropine	42-50	methylcytosine dioxygenase TET1	Cavia porcellus	94-99
7733282-4	1995	The cytoprotective effect was completely abolished by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) antibody microinjected bilaterally (1.3 micrograms/site) into the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMN), indomethacin (5 mg/kg ip), and atropine (0.3 mg/kg sc).	Atropine	228-236	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	54-83
7773354-6	1995	Atropine inhibited the integrated gallbladder and pancreatic polypeptide response to about 60% of the control value, but did not affect the cholecystokinin response.	Atropine	0-8	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	50-72
7716796-5	1995	Administration of 47 microM atropine, 300 microM FBP, or 1 mM FBP decreased the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into the coronary effluent, while ICRF-187 had no effect.	Atropine	28-36	olfactory receptor 1750	Rattus norvegicus	54-58
7796847-6	1995	The excitatory effects of neurotensin were partially blocked to the same degree by tetrodotoxin and atropine, indicating that a component of the neurotensin-mediated contraction involves the release of endogenous acetylcholine.	Atropine	100-108	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	26-37
7796847-6	1995	The excitatory effects of neurotensin were partially blocked to the same degree by tetrodotoxin and atropine, indicating that a component of the neurotensin-mediated contraction involves the release of endogenous acetylcholine.	Atropine	100-108	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	145-156
7891139-11	1995	Pretreatment of the rats with chlorisondamine alone or in combination with atropine diminished the capsaicin-induced increase in c-fos, whereas atropine alone was less efficient.	Atropine	75-83	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	129-134
7700249-4	1995	Maximal (1 mM) carbachol concentrations abolished the elevation of [Ca2+]i produced by bradykinin but the muscarinic antagonist atropine (10 microM) restored the response, provided that extracellular Ca2+ was present throughout the experiment or was added before bradykinin.	Atropine	128-136	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	263-273
7700249-9	1995	The [Ca2+]i and Ins(1,4,5)P3 responses to bradykinin were fully restored 100 sec after atropine only in the presence of extracellular Ca2+.	Atropine	87-95	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	42-52
7716142-7	1995	Atropine completely suppressed the pancreatic secretion of volume flow, bicarbonate, and protein stimulated by SO, whereas neither one of the two hormone levels was affected by intravenous atropine, indicating that atropine blocks the actions of both secretin and CCK on the pancreatic exocrine secretion.	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	264-267
7716142-7	1995	Atropine completely suppressed the pancreatic secretion of volume flow, bicarbonate, and protein stimulated by SO, whereas neither one of the two hormone levels was affected by intravenous atropine, indicating that atropine blocks the actions of both secretin and CCK on the pancreatic exocrine secretion.	Atropine	215-223	cholecystokinin	Cavia porcellus	264-267
7749748-0	1995	Atropine suppresses associative LTP in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices.	Atropine	0-8	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
7749748-1	1995	The effect of the muscarinic antagonist atropine on associative long-term potentiation (aLTP) of the CA1 population EPSPs was studied in rat hippocampal slices.	Atropine	40-48	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
7766849-3	1995	In the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF) however, it induced atropine-sensitive neurite outgrowth in almost half the cell population.	Atropine	65-73	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	19-38
7542715-3	1995	Moreover, the effects of intravenous injections of PBE were reversed or inhibited by the pretreatment with bilateral vagotomy, atropine (1 mg/kg, i.p.)	Atropine	127-135	enoyl-CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
7719401-5	1995	Tetrodotoxin and atropine sulfate completely inhibited this sodium taurocholate induced-gastrin increase, while truncal vagotomy was without effect.	Atropine	17-33	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	88-95
7792065-5	1995	PP was eliminated by pretreatment with atropine or bilateral vagotomy.	Atropine	39-47	pancreatic polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-2
7766849-3	1995	In the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF) however, it induced atropine-sensitive neurite outgrowth in almost half the cell population.	Atropine	65-73	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
7895929-6	1995	However, carbachol (10(-5) M)-stimulated gastrin release was effectively inhibited by atropine and 4-DAMP with Ki values of 0.48 and 0.66 nM, respectively.	Atropine	86-94	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	41-48
7479309-8	1995	Atropine (2.0 mg/kg, IP, -30 min) and bilateral cervical vagotomy (-120 min) completely abolished the stimulatory effect of intracisternal NPY (0.12 nmol) on bile secretion.	Atropine	0-8	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	139-142
7479339-4	1995	Carbachol-induced release of PYY into both lumen and vasculature was completely blocked by atropine, but not by hexamethonium.	Atropine	91-99	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
7701255-7	1995	Intravenous atropine almost completely blocked the inhibitor-stimulated enzyme and PSTI secretion and reduced amylase activity by 50%.	Atropine	12-20	serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 1	Homo sapiens	83-87
7701255-8	1995	A further significant (P = 0.002) increase in the inhibitor-induced CCK output was found during atropine administration, as compared with the test situation without atropine.	Atropine	96-104	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	68-71
7701255-8	1995	A further significant (P = 0.002) increase in the inhibitor-induced CCK output was found during atropine administration, as compared with the test situation without atropine.	Atropine	165-173	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	68-71
7701255-10	1995	The increase in plasma CCK levels indicates that CCK is feedback-regulated by both an inhibitor-mediated decrease in duodenal enzyme activity and a further decrease in pancreatic enzyme secretion by atropine.	Atropine	199-207	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	23-26
7701255-10	1995	The increase in plasma CCK levels indicates that CCK is feedback-regulated by both an inhibitor-mediated decrease in duodenal enzyme activity and a further decrease in pancreatic enzyme secretion by atropine.	Atropine	199-207	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	49-52
7616690-4	1995	These responses to TRH were almost completely inhibited by bilateral cervical vagotomy or atropine.	Atropine	90-98	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
7810653-8	1994	This effect of EGF was abolished by atropine.	Atropine	36-44	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
7867028-10	1994	Vagal stimulation also increased sinus rate (p &lt; 0.05) in four of seven additional hearts perfused with atropine, 2 x 10(-6) M. This increase was completely abolished by [D-p-Cl-Phe6, Leu17]VIP.	Atropine	107-115	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	193-196
7867028-12	1994	The ability to ascribe a rate change to VIP release was maximal in the presence of propranolol and atropine, intermediate in the presence of atropine alone, and minimal in the absence of muscarinic or beta blockade.	Atropine	99-107	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
7867028-12	1994	The ability to ascribe a rate change to VIP release was maximal in the presence of propranolol and atropine, intermediate in the presence of atropine alone, and minimal in the absence of muscarinic or beta blockade.	Atropine	141-149	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
7711297-5	1994	VIP, when used together with atropine, decreased TK activity when compared with the activity in question after exposure to atropine alone; 5.	Atropine	123-131	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
7533168-4	1994	Substance P (SP), neurokinin A, neurokinin B and senktide contracted the strips in a concentration-dependent manner with a potency order of neurokinin A &gt; or = senktide &gt; neurokinin B &gt; substance P. The contractions were not influenced by tetrodotoxin and atropine.	Atropine	265-273	tachykinin precursor 3	Rattus norvegicus	32-44
7844314-8	1994	During block of ganglionic transmission with C6 and atropine, a 40 Hz stimulus train to the intact or to the sutured CST evoked a slow, small amplitude contraction that was enhanced by naloxone.	Atropine	52-60	cystatin A	Felis catus	117-120
7899466-5	1995	With respect to plasma peptide concentrations, significant increases in secretin and VIP levels were found after perfusion of both organic acids; atropine administration significantly decreased plasma secretin levels after acetic acid administration although it did not affect plasma VIP concentrations.	Atropine	146-154	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	201-209
7899466-6	1995	By contrast, atropine significantly increased plasma secretin levels, but significantly lower values of plasma VIP concentrations were observed after lactic acid perfusion.	Atropine	13-21	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	53-61
7899466-6	1995	By contrast, atropine significantly increased plasma secretin levels, but significantly lower values of plasma VIP concentrations were observed after lactic acid perfusion.	Atropine	13-21	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
7714714-8	1994	Red cell acetylcholinesterase activity, 24 h after soman poisoning, was higher following continuous pretreatment with physostigmine and hyoscine than after acute treatment with atropine.	Atropine	177-185	acetylcholinesterase	Cavia porcellus	9-29
7977737-4	1994	The secretion of GP-2, a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored protein of the zymogen granule membrane, was partially inhibited but was never totally abolished by atropine perfusion.	Atropine	164-172	glycoprotein 2	Sus scrofa	17-21
7956387-3	1994	Atropine sulfate (0.04 mg/kg) injection increased the heart rate by 38.2 percent (p &lt; 0.01), reduced the stroke volume index by 25.1 percent, decreased coronary sinus ANP levels from 198.5 +/- 16.4 pg/ml to 124.8 +/- 19.6 pg/ml (p &lt; 0.01), and decreased coronary sinus plasma c-GMP levels from 4.6 +/- 0.5 pmol/ml to 3.1 +/- 0.4 pmol/ml (p &lt; 0.05).	Atropine	0-16	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	170-173
7956387-4	1994	After atropine pretreatment, UPAO induced a significant (p &lt; 0.05) increase of 34.8 percent in the coronary sinus ANP level.	Atropine	6-14	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	117-120
7956609-4	1994	This stimulatory effect of centrally administered pancreatic polypeptide was completely blocked by vagotomy and by pretreatment with atropine.	Atropine	133-141	pancreatic polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	50-72
7532791-4	1994	Atropine (5 x 10(-7) M) abolished the quick component and reduced the sustained component of the contraction; the latter was further suppressed by the selective NK1 receptor antagonist CP 96,345.	Atropine	0-8	substance-P receptor	Cavia porcellus	161-173
7874280-3	1994	Atropine abolished the stimulatory effect of Cch on glucagon, VIP, and PP release.	Atropine	0-8	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	62-65
7965109-8	1994	In addition, the ACPD response is resistant to (1) intracellular chloride loading, (2) the GABAB receptor antagonist CGP55845A, (3) the ACh receptor antagonist atropine, and (4) the ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists CNQX and APV.	Atropine	160-168	homer scaffold protein 2	Homo sapiens	17-21
7843261-6	1994	The degree and duration of anti-acid secretion by atropine sulfate were equal to those of cimetidine, but the elevation of gastrin release by atropine sulfate was weak and temporary.	Atropine	142-158	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	123-130
8089398-2	1994	In blood-perfused ileum, ACh (2-200 nmol/min) produced a dose-dependent increase in venous VIP output, which was slightly reduced by hexamethonium (10 nmol/min) and blocked by hexamethonium and atropine (10 nmol/min) in combination.	Atropine	194-202	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	91-94
7924732-8	1994	HCl-induced increases in luminal outputs of VIP, substance P, and neurokinin A (the two latter with unknown roles) were differentially affected by atropine, hexamethonium, and indomethacin, indicating that the acid challenge released the peptides through controlled mechanisms.	Atropine	147-155	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
7991070-7	1994	When the GH responses were estimated by the area under the response curve, the atropine pretreatment was able to significantly suppress the GH response to GHRH, but not to TRH, VIP, or PHM.	Atropine	79-87	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	9-11
7991070-7	1994	When the GH responses were estimated by the area under the response curve, the atropine pretreatment was able to significantly suppress the GH response to GHRH, but not to TRH, VIP, or PHM.	Atropine	79-87	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	140-142
7991070-7	1994	When the GH responses were estimated by the area under the response curve, the atropine pretreatment was able to significantly suppress the GH response to GHRH, but not to TRH, VIP, or PHM.	Atropine	79-87	growth hormone releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	155-159
7968354-4	1994	Pretreatment of animals with atropine or pirenzepine significantly reduced induction of c-fos, jun-B, krox-20 and krox-24 genes in both hippocampus and cortex.	Atropine	29-37	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	88-93
7968354-4	1994	Pretreatment of animals with atropine or pirenzepine significantly reduced induction of c-fos, jun-B, krox-20 and krox-24 genes in both hippocampus and cortex.	Atropine	29-37	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	95-100
7968354-4	1994	Pretreatment of animals with atropine or pirenzepine significantly reduced induction of c-fos, jun-B, krox-20 and krox-24 genes in both hippocampus and cortex.	Atropine	29-37	early growth response 2	Rattus norvegicus	102-109
7968354-4	1994	Pretreatment of animals with atropine or pirenzepine significantly reduced induction of c-fos, jun-B, krox-20 and krox-24 genes in both hippocampus and cortex.	Atropine	29-37	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-121
7812637-13	1994	The atropine (3 microM)-resistant component of EFS-evoked contractions was also potentiated by NPY.	Atropine	4-12	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
7812637-14	1994	By contrast, the nifedipine (1 microM)-resistant but atropine-sensitive component of EFS-evoked contraction was inhibited by NPY.	Atropine	53-61	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	125-128
7959408-6	1994	The potentiation of the acid secretory response to CCK-8 by the CCKA antagonist was completely blocked by vagotomy or atropine, as well as hexamethonium.	Atropine	118-126	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
7528285-5	1994	Atropine (10(-6) M) and tetrodotoxin (3 x 10(-7) M) did not affect NKA-induced contractions, but inhibited SP- and NKB-induced contractions; the dose-response curves for SP and NKB were rightwardly shifted by atropine.	Atropine	0-8	tachykinin-3	Cavia porcellus	115-118
7528285-5	1994	Atropine (10(-6) M) and tetrodotoxin (3 x 10(-7) M) did not affect NKA-induced contractions, but inhibited SP- and NKB-induced contractions; the dose-response curves for SP and NKB were rightwardly shifted by atropine.	Atropine	0-8	tachykinin-3	Cavia porcellus	177-180
7528285-6	1994	The treatment with atropine brought out latency in the responses for NKB.	Atropine	19-27	tachykinin-3	Cavia porcellus	69-72
7799529-2	1994	The selective NK2-receptor agonist [beta Ala8]NKA-(4-10) produced an atropine-resistant specific increase of the small intestinal transit measured by the charcoal method.	Atropine	69-77	tachykinin receptor 2	Homo sapiens	14-26
7933475-6	1994	Intravenous injection of atropine increased heart rate to 60.min-1 only transiently.	Atropine	25-33	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	61-66
8089398-4	1994	ACh-induced VIP output was decreased slightly by hexamethonium (0.1 mM), and blocked by atropine (0.1 mM) or pirenzepine (0.1 mM).	Atropine	88-96	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	12-15
7942060-10	1994	Bilateral truncal vagotomy, as well as pretreatment with atropine (0.05 mg kg-1, subcutaneously) abolished the effects of corticotropin-releasing factor on somatostatin.	Atropine	57-65	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	122-152
7929476-6	1994	In 30% of ileal segments, NT produced a slowly-developed contraction in the presence of atropine.	Atropine	88-96	neurotensin/neuromedin N	Cavia porcellus	26-28
7929476-11	1994	The contractile effect of NT was affected neither by atropine (0.2 microM) nor by TTX (0.2 microM).	Atropine	53-61	neurotensin/neuromedin N	Cavia porcellus	26-28
7912276-6	1994	The secretory response to VIP was attenuated by tetrodotoxin and atropine only in tissues with ongoing neural activity influencing basal rates of transport.	Atropine	65-73	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	26-29
7524066-6	1994	GRP-stimulated amylase release was decreased to 71 +/- 5% of control by atropine coincubation.	Atropine	72-80	gastrin releasing peptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
8197564-9	1994	Atropine completely abolished the stimulatory effects of carbachol on VIP and PP release.	Atropine	0-8	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	70-73
8197564-9	1994	Atropine completely abolished the stimulatory effects of carbachol on VIP and PP release.	Atropine	0-8	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	78-80
7912992-6	1994	In addition, the release of [3H]NA was enhanced by atropine, pancuronium, and 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP), a selective M3 muscarinic receptor antagonist, and reduced by oxotremorine, a selective muscarinic receptor agonist, indicating that acetylcholine released from the parasympathetic nerve ending was able to reach the varicose noradrenergic axon terminals that are equipped with inhibitory M3 muscarinic receptors.	Atropine	51-59	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3	Homo sapiens	148-170
7937701-5	1994	Intravenous atropine (50 micrograms/kg) did not modify the GIP responses to intraduodenal perfusions of the defined formula diet or to glucose, but did suppress plasma insulin responses to baseline values.	Atropine	12-20	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	168-175
8170138-7	1994	Atropine and pancreatic denervation eliminated the PP response to CCK-8 at 40 pmole/kg/hr (P &lt; 0.01) and inhibited the PP response to CCK-8 at 400 pmole/kg/hr (P &lt; 0.05).	Atropine	0-8	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	51-53
8170138-7	1994	Atropine and pancreatic denervation eliminated the PP response to CCK-8 at 40 pmole/kg/hr (P &lt; 0.01) and inhibited the PP response to CCK-8 at 400 pmole/kg/hr (P &lt; 0.05).	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	66-69
8170138-7	1994	Atropine and pancreatic denervation eliminated the PP response to CCK-8 at 40 pmole/kg/hr (P &lt; 0.01) and inhibited the PP response to CCK-8 at 400 pmole/kg/hr (P &lt; 0.05).	Atropine	0-8	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	122-124
8170138-7	1994	Atropine and pancreatic denervation eliminated the PP response to CCK-8 at 40 pmole/kg/hr (P &lt; 0.01) and inhibited the PP response to CCK-8 at 400 pmole/kg/hr (P &lt; 0.05).	Atropine	0-8	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	137-140
8170138-8	1994	The high dose of CCK-8 still elicited a small PP response in the denervated dogs (P &lt; 0.05), which was subsequently abolished by the addition of atropine.	Atropine	148-156	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	17-20
8170138-8	1994	The high dose of CCK-8 still elicited a small PP response in the denervated dogs (P &lt; 0.05), which was subsequently abolished by the addition of atropine.	Atropine	148-156	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	46-48
8184986-5	1994	However, in atropine-treated preparations, 0.5 microM NPY elicited a significant inhibition (43%).	Atropine	12-20	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
7951688-11	1994	The lack of PCPA effect on the theta phase in intact and lesioned rats also suggested a different view of the atropine-resistant theta in hippocampal region CA1.	Atropine	110-118	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	157-160
8032637-2	1994	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various antagonists, selective for the tachykinin NK1 or NK2 receptor, on the atropine-resistant ascending excitatory reflex (AER) to the circular muscle of the guinea-pig ileum elicited by radial stretch (balloon distension) or electrical field stimulation.	Atropine	133-141	tachykinin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	105-108
8032637-2	1994	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various antagonists, selective for the tachykinin NK1 or NK2 receptor, on the atropine-resistant ascending excitatory reflex (AER) to the circular muscle of the guinea-pig ileum elicited by radial stretch (balloon distension) or electrical field stimulation.	Atropine	133-141	substance-K receptor	Cavia porcellus	112-124
8032637-18	1994	We conclude that both NK1 and NK2 receptors mediate the atropine-resistant AER to the circular muscle of the ileum.	Atropine	56-64	tachykinin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	22-25
8032637-18	1994	We conclude that both NK1 and NK2 receptors mediate the atropine-resistant AER to the circular muscle of the ileum.	Atropine	56-64	tachykinin receptor 2	Homo sapiens	30-33
8032637-20	1994	Since a consistent fraction of the distension- and electrically evoked atropine-resistant AER persists in the presence of combined NK1 and NK2 receptor blockade,the existence of a third excitatory transmitter to the circular muscle of the ileum, in addition to acetylcholine and tachykinins, is suggested.	Atropine	71-79	tachykinin receptor 2	Homo sapiens	139-151
8045845-6	1994	Hexamethonium and mecamylamine blocked the effect of nicotine but not that of ACh, whereas atropine significantly attenuated the release of CGRP outflow induced by ACh.	Atropine	91-99	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	140-144
7512633-6	1994	Only atropine and the m3-m4-selective muscarinic antagonist 4-diphenylacetoxy-4-methyl-piperidine (4-DAMP) reduce the response to muscarine, strongly suggesting that the m4 receptor is crucial for PNMT mRNA activation.	Atropine	5-13	phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Bos taurus	197-201
8160879-9	1994	Sinoaortic denervation or atropine treatment prevented the decrease in VO2 resulting from AVP infusion.	Atropine	26-34	arginine vasopressin	Canis lupus familiaris	90-93
7928658-12	1994	When anti-VIP serum was administered following atropine, the degree of attenuation that ensured was the sum of the attenuations produced by each of the two substances independently.	Atropine	47-55	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	10-13
7512633-4	1994	Selective nicotinic and muscarinic antagonists (hexamethonium and atropine) each partially reduce carbachol-stimulated increases in PNMT mRNA while a combination of both eliminates &gt; 90% of the carbachol response, thus indicating that separable nicotinic and muscarinic components contribute to the cholinergic increase in PNMT mRNA.	Atropine	66-74	phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Bos taurus	132-136
7512633-4	1994	Selective nicotinic and muscarinic antagonists (hexamethonium and atropine) each partially reduce carbachol-stimulated increases in PNMT mRNA while a combination of both eliminates &gt; 90% of the carbachol response, thus indicating that separable nicotinic and muscarinic components contribute to the cholinergic increase in PNMT mRNA.	Atropine	66-74	phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Bos taurus	326-330
8185159-10	1994	On the other hand, atropine abolished the postprandial increase in pancreatic secretion and in addition markedly reduced the increase in pancreatic secretion due to infusion of "physiological" doses of CCK (i.e., CCK doses that mimic its postprandial increase in plasma).	Atropine	19-27	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	202-205
8185159-10	1994	On the other hand, atropine abolished the postprandial increase in pancreatic secretion and in addition markedly reduced the increase in pancreatic secretion due to infusion of "physiological" doses of CCK (i.e., CCK doses that mimic its postprandial increase in plasma).	Atropine	19-27	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	213-216
8159270-5	1994	Acetylcholine-induced AVP release is antagonized by atropine or mecamylamine, indicating that both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors are mediating the cholinergic effect in these brain regions.	Atropine	52-60	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	22-25
8004392-2	1994	Endothelin-1 (ET-1; 3-10 nM) raised the tone of rat bladders bathed in buffer containing atropine (1 microM) plus guanethidine (3.4 microM).	Atropine	89-97	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-12
8004392-2	1994	Endothelin-1 (ET-1; 3-10 nM) raised the tone of rat bladders bathed in buffer containing atropine (1 microM) plus guanethidine (3.4 microM).	Atropine	89-97	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
7906887-5	1994	Pretreatment with atropine, naloxone, phenoxybenzamine, or propranolol blocked the antiamnesic action of CGRP.	Atropine	18-26	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	105-109
8113980-8	1994	Hexamethonium and atropine abolished tonic VIP output, leaving intact motility responses to PL017 and DPDPE.	Atropine	18-26	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	43-46
7705550-1	1994	The purpose of this study was to determine the regulation of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) release by using pirenzepine (a specific M1 muscarinic receptor antagonist), 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methobromide (4-DAMP, a specific M3 muscarinic receptor antagonist), atropine (a nonspecific muscarinic receptor antagonist), and loxiglumide (cholecystokinin, CCK, receptor antagonist) in dogs.	Atropine	272-280	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	61-83
7705550-1	1994	The purpose of this study was to determine the regulation of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) release by using pirenzepine (a specific M1 muscarinic receptor antagonist), 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methobromide (4-DAMP, a specific M3 muscarinic receptor antagonist), atropine (a nonspecific muscarinic receptor antagonist), and loxiglumide (cholecystokinin, CCK, receptor antagonist) in dogs.	Atropine	272-280	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	85-87
7516254-10	1994	After desensitization of the NK1 receptor with SP or [Sar9,met(O2)11]SP, in the presence of atropine, the contractile response to 2-methyl-5-HT was entirely blocked.	Atropine	92-100	substance-P receptor	Cavia porcellus	29-41
7516254-11	1994	Desensitization of NK3 receptors with NKB, also in the presence of atropine, fully suppressed the 5-HT4 receptor-mediated contraction evoked by 5-methoxytryptamine.	Atropine	67-75	tachykinin-3	Cavia porcellus	38-41
7872542-11	1994	Atropine (0.02 mg.kg-1, possibly repeated) should be administered as soon as the heart rate decreases below 50 b.min-1.	Atropine	0-8	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	113-118