PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
9642225-7	1998	In white adipose tissue of KKAy obese mice, thiazolidinedione PPARgamma activators (pioglitazone and troglitazone) induced FAT and FATP more efficiently than the PPARalpha activator, clofibrate.	Pioglitazone	84-96	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	62-71
9642225-7	1998	In white adipose tissue of KKAy obese mice, thiazolidinedione PPARgamma activators (pioglitazone and troglitazone) induced FAT and FATP more efficiently than the PPARalpha activator, clofibrate.	Pioglitazone	84-96	CD36 molecule	Mus musculus	123-126
9642225-7	1998	In white adipose tissue of KKAy obese mice, thiazolidinedione PPARgamma activators (pioglitazone and troglitazone) induced FAT and FATP more efficiently than the PPARalpha activator, clofibrate.	Pioglitazone	84-96	solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	131-135
9768370-2	1998	To evaluate the effect of pioglitazone on insulin resistance in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients, a double-blind placebo-controlled trial was carried out with 30 NIDDM patients.	Pioglitazone	26-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	42-49
9768370-10	1998	In conclusion, the results indicate that pioglitazone is effective for ameliorating insulin resistance in NIDDM by enhancing SGU as well as peripheral glucose uptake.	Pioglitazone	41-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	84-91
9641476-6	1998	Furthermore, troglitazone and pioglitazone significantly inhibit bFGF-induced endothelial cell mitogenesis, whereas only high concentrations of troglitazone affect insulin-mediated proliferation.	Pioglitazone	30-42	fibroblast growth factor 2	Mus musculus	65-69
9467183-4	1998	Pioglitazone markedly inhibited arginine vasopressin (AVP) and norepinephrine (NE) responses without affecting responses to potassium chloride (KCl).	Pioglitazone	0-12	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	41-52
9562610-8	1998	Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, normalized increased cytosolic PTPase activity through reduction of cytosolic PTP1B content, but it had no effect on mRNA levels of these PTPases.	Pioglitazone	0-12	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	113-118
9541164-3	1998	When pioglitazone was administered to fatty rats at a dose of 3 mg kg(-1) day(-1), the plasma triglyceride level and TNF-alpha levels in plasma and muscle decreased time-dependently, and reached the levels of lean rats within 4 days.	Pioglitazone	5-17	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	117-126
9541164-5	1998	Neutral sphingomyelinase (SMase) activity in muscle of fatty rats was two times higher than that in lean rats and was lowered to the level of that in lean rats by 4 days" pioglitazone administration.	Pioglitazone	171-183	sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-24
9541164-7	1998	These results suggest that an increase in TNF-alpha production and subsequent activation of SMase in muscle leads to metabolic abnormalities in obesity and diabetes and that antidiabetic activity of pioglitazone is deeply associated with the suppression of TNF-alpha production.	Pioglitazone	199-211	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	257-266
9392507-5	1997	Pioglitazone also repressed the SCD1 mRNA expression, whereas WY-14,643 had no apparent effect.	Pioglitazone	0-12	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	32-36
8679718-0	1996	Pioglitazone attenuates the inhibitory effect of phorbol ester on epidermal growth factor receptor autophosphorylation and tyrosine kinase activity.	Pioglitazone	0-12	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	66-98
9365455-0	1997	Pioglitazone-reduced insulin resistance in patient with Werner syndrome.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
9550126-0	1997	Pioglitazone (AD-4833) ameliorates insulin resistance in patients with NIDDM.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
9550126-0	1997	Pioglitazone (AD-4833) ameliorates insulin resistance in patients with NIDDM.	Pioglitazone	14-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
9550126-2	1997	We evaluated the effect of pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione compound, on insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (Rd) and its efficacy on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).	Pioglitazone	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
9550126-10	1997	The change in Rd between before and after pioglitazone administration correlated with baseline values of FPG (rho=0.633), serum insulin (rho=0.653), BMI (rho=0.456), Rd (rho 0.558) and 1,5-AG (rho=-0.522).	Pioglitazone	42-54	insulin	Homo sapiens	128-135
9550126-11	1997	These data indicate that pioglitazone enhances the insulin action in NIDDM patients on diet alone or SU, and thereby improves both plasma glucose level and lipid profiles.	Pioglitazone	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
9312188-5	1997	Troglitazone or pioglitazone essentially eliminate the reduction in tyrosine phosphorylation of IR and IRS-1 caused by TNF-alpha in fat cells, even at relatively high doses (25 ng/ml).	Pioglitazone	16-28	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	103-108
9312188-5	1997	Troglitazone or pioglitazone essentially eliminate the reduction in tyrosine phosphorylation of IR and IRS-1 caused by TNF-alpha in fat cells, even at relatively high doses (25 ng/ml).	Pioglitazone	16-28	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	119-128
9287037-5	1997	Pioglitazone markedly improves insulin action in the obese Zucker (fa/fa) rat, but doubles its weight gain after 4 weeks of treatment.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-38
9370113-10	1997	Treatment with pioglitazone reduced the amount of anti-alpha-smooth muscle actin antibody-staining cells.	Pioglitazone	15-27	actin gamma 2, smooth muscle	Rattus norvegicus	55-80
9288574-0	1997	Pioglitazone and metformin reverse insulin resistance induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in liver cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
9288574-0	1997	Pioglitazone and metformin reverse insulin resistance induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in liver cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	65-92
9288574-3	1997	With TNF-alpha concentration at 1 ng/ml and 10(4) muU/ml INS, metformin 10 microM and pioglitazone 1.5 microM, reversed the IR induced by TNF-alpha restoring biologic response to 100% of INS effect alone.	Pioglitazone	86-98	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	138-147
9000698-10	1997	In period II, hepatic glucose uptake, determined by the changes in GIR, was significantly higher in the pioglitazone group (6.5 +/- 0.6 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1)) than in the C group (-0.4 +/- 0.6 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1), P < 0.001).	Pioglitazone	104-116	G protein-coupled receptor 83	Canis lupus familiaris	67-70
9244372-7	1997	Pioglitazone treatment also significantly reduced the urinary excretion of catecholamines and plasma renin activity, both of which were significantly greater in sucrose-fed SHR than in control SHR.	Pioglitazone	0-12	renin	Rattus norvegicus	101-106
8765467-7	1996	Cells treated with pioglitazone for 48 hr, with norepinephrine added during the last 7 hr, demonstrated a 59-fold increase in UCP mRNA.	Pioglitazone	19-31	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	126-129
8765467-8	1996	However, simultaneous treatment with pioglitazone and repeated treatment norepinephrine for 48 hr yielded a greater than 200-fold increase in UCP mRNA.	Pioglitazone	37-49	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	142-145
8765467-9	1996	Examination of UCP protein levels demonstrated a similar time-dependent increase with pioglitazone and/or norepinephrine treatment, as well as a synergistic increase with concurrent pioglitazone and norepinephrine treatment.	Pioglitazone	86-98	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	15-18
8765467-9	1996	Examination of UCP protein levels demonstrated a similar time-dependent increase with pioglitazone and/or norepinephrine treatment, as well as a synergistic increase with concurrent pioglitazone and norepinephrine treatment.	Pioglitazone	182-194	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	15-18
8765467-10	1996	This study shows that pioglitazone exerts a direct effect on BAT cells in vitro by increasing UCP mRNA and protein levels, and that it also synergizes with norepinephrine perhaps by inducing and stabilizing UCP mRNA and/or preventing proteolysis of UCP protein.	Pioglitazone	22-34	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	94-97
8765467-10	1996	This study shows that pioglitazone exerts a direct effect on BAT cells in vitro by increasing UCP mRNA and protein levels, and that it also synergizes with norepinephrine perhaps by inducing and stabilizing UCP mRNA and/or preventing proteolysis of UCP protein.	Pioglitazone	22-34	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	207-210
8765467-10	1996	This study shows that pioglitazone exerts a direct effect on BAT cells in vitro by increasing UCP mRNA and protein levels, and that it also synergizes with norepinephrine perhaps by inducing and stabilizing UCP mRNA and/or preventing proteolysis of UCP protein.	Pioglitazone	22-34	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	207-210
8990192-5	1997	Moreover, primary human liposarcoma cells can be induced to undergo terminal differentiation by treatment with the PPAR gamma ligand pioglitazone, suggesting that the differentiation block in these cells can be overcome by maximal activation of the PPAR pathway.	Pioglitazone	133-145	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	115-125
8990192-5	1997	Moreover, primary human liposarcoma cells can be induced to undergo terminal differentiation by treatment with the PPAR gamma ligand pioglitazone, suggesting that the differentiation block in these cells can be overcome by maximal activation of the PPAR pathway.	Pioglitazone	133-145	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	115-119
8914439-6	1996	New insulin sensitizers, such as troglitazone and pioglitazone, improve insulin-mediated glucose disposal by enhancing tissue sensitivity to the actions of insulin and reversing the insulin resistance, characteristic of NIDDM.	Pioglitazone	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
8914439-6	1996	New insulin sensitizers, such as troglitazone and pioglitazone, improve insulin-mediated glucose disposal by enhancing tissue sensitivity to the actions of insulin and reversing the insulin resistance, characteristic of NIDDM.	Pioglitazone	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	72-79
8914439-6	1996	New insulin sensitizers, such as troglitazone and pioglitazone, improve insulin-mediated glucose disposal by enhancing tissue sensitivity to the actions of insulin and reversing the insulin resistance, characteristic of NIDDM.	Pioglitazone	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	72-79
8914439-6	1996	New insulin sensitizers, such as troglitazone and pioglitazone, improve insulin-mediated glucose disposal by enhancing tissue sensitivity to the actions of insulin and reversing the insulin resistance, characteristic of NIDDM.	Pioglitazone	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	72-79
8765467-4	1996	In this study, we observed an increase in both BAT mass and the expression of UCP mRNA in BAT from obese diabetic mice and their lean littermates following treatment with the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone, a novel insulin-sensitizing agent.	Pioglitazone	193-205	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	78-81
8765467-6	1996	We found that treatment for 48 hr with pioglitazone caused a 32-fold increase in UCP mRNA, whereas a 7-hr treatment with norepinephrine caused a 24-fold increase in expression.	Pioglitazone	39-51	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	81-84
8708551-1	1996	Pioglitazone hydrochloride (AD-4833), one of the thiazolidinedione analogs, is a new anti-diabetic agent which improves peripheral insulin resistance in diabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	0-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	131-138
8708551-1	1996	Pioglitazone hydrochloride (AD-4833), one of the thiazolidinedione analogs, is a new anti-diabetic agent which improves peripheral insulin resistance in diabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	28-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	131-138
8670300-4	1996	Administration of pioglitazone (3 mg/kg/day) to fatty rats for 10 or 18 days reversed the decline in the insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylated IR and IRS-1 levels and the reduced insulin-stimulated PI 3-kinase activities.	Pioglitazone	18-30	insulin receptor substrate 1	Rattus norvegicus	155-160
8679718-1	1996	A new anti-diabetic drug, pioglitazone, was tested as to whether it could ameliorate the decreased kinase activity of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor induced by phorbol ester (PMA) in A431 cells.	Pioglitazone	26-38	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	118-156
8679718-6	1996	These results suggest that pioglitazone may act as a specific antagonist to the inhibitory effect by protein kinase C on the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase.	Pioglitazone	27-39	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	125-137
7562114-3	1995	On the other hand, the PUFA-mediated suppression of the mRNA concentrations was partially restored by treatment with pioglitazone, a candidate for increasing insulin receptor phosphorylation.	Pioglitazone	117-129	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	158-174
8582019-3	1995	The metabolites of (+/-)-5(-)[p(-)[2-(5-ethyl-2- pyridyl)ethoxy]benzyl]-2,4-thiazolidinedione (1, pioglitazone), which is a representative insulin-sensitizing agent, were synthesized to confirm their structures and for studies of their pharmacological properties.	Pioglitazone	19-93	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
8780234-3	1996	In vivo, pretreatment with pioglitazone inhibited (P < 0.02) pressor responses to both norepinephrine and angiotensin II in conscious Dahl-S, but not in Sprague-Dawley rats.	Pioglitazone	27-39	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	109-123
7535776-10	1995	Co-incubating cells with pioglitazone prevented these abnormalities in cytosolic PTPase, the PTP1B content and the impaired phosphorylation of pp185 and receptor beta subunits in HG cells.	Pioglitazone	25-37	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	93-98
7885286-7	1995	Although the mean level of liver mRNA transcripts encoding PEPCK was increased to nearly 300% in diabetic animals as compared with nondiabetic controls (100%), it was significantly lower in pioglitazone-treated diabetic rats (119% of control) than in diabetic rats without pioglitazone (223% of control) after insulin treatment.	Pioglitazone	190-202	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-64
7895657-6	1995	However, coincubation of TNF alpha-treated cells with CP (1 microM), AD-5075 (1 microM), pioglitazone (10 microM), or CS-045 (10 microM) blocked these effects.	Pioglitazone	89-101	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	25-34
7885286-7	1995	Although the mean level of liver mRNA transcripts encoding PEPCK was increased to nearly 300% in diabetic animals as compared with nondiabetic controls (100%), it was significantly lower in pioglitazone-treated diabetic rats (119% of control) than in diabetic rats without pioglitazone (223% of control) after insulin treatment.	Pioglitazone	273-285	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-64
7885286-9	1995	Insulin-enhanced expression of GK was significantly greater in liver from animals that were treated earlier with pioglitazone (291% of control) than in liver from those that were untreated (214% of control).	Pioglitazone	113-125	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	31-33
7929278-2	1994	To explore the mechanism of action of this class of compounds, the effects of pioglitazone, CP-86,325, and AD-5075 on elements of the insulin signal transduction pathways were studied in Chinese hamster ovary cells overexpressing human insulin receptor (CHO.T) and L6 myotubes.	Pioglitazone	78-90	insulin	Cricetulus griseus	134-141
7813813-5	1995	In comparison with the results in untreated diabetic mice, diabetic animals treated with the insulin-sensitizing drug pioglitazone demonstrated an increase in the abundance of HKII mRNA with a concordant increase of GLUT4 mRNA in epididymal fat (P = 0.03 and < 0.01, respectively), and an increase of HKII mRNA in the quadriceps muscles (P < 0.05).	Pioglitazone	118-130	hexokinase 2	Mus musculus	176-180
7813813-5	1995	In comparison with the results in untreated diabetic mice, diabetic animals treated with the insulin-sensitizing drug pioglitazone demonstrated an increase in the abundance of HKII mRNA with a concordant increase of GLUT4 mRNA in epididymal fat (P = 0.03 and < 0.01, respectively), and an increase of HKII mRNA in the quadriceps muscles (P < 0.05).	Pioglitazone	118-130	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	216-221
7813813-5	1995	In comparison with the results in untreated diabetic mice, diabetic animals treated with the insulin-sensitizing drug pioglitazone demonstrated an increase in the abundance of HKII mRNA with a concordant increase of GLUT4 mRNA in epididymal fat (P = 0.03 and < 0.01, respectively), and an increase of HKII mRNA in the quadriceps muscles (P < 0.05).	Pioglitazone	118-130	hexokinase 2	Mus musculus	304-308
7813813-7	1995	In comparison with untreated diabetic mice, there was an increase in the abundance of HKII protein in epididymal fat of animals treated with pioglitazone (P < 0.05).	Pioglitazone	141-153	hexokinase 2	Mus musculus	86-90
8052151-1	1994	Recent evidence suggests that pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione hypoglycemic agent, acts by increasing insulin responsiveness at the peripheral level.	Pioglitazone	30-42	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	103-110
8052151-5	1994	Combining long-term pioglitazone (10 micrograms/mL for 24 hours) and short-term insulin treatment resulted in an additive effect on 2-DOG uptake over a wide range of insulin concentrations (0.1 to 100 nmol/L) without the desensitization to 2-DOG uptake seen in other systems following long-term insulin administration.	Pioglitazone	20-32	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	166-173
8052151-5	1994	Combining long-term pioglitazone (10 micrograms/mL for 24 hours) and short-term insulin treatment resulted in an additive effect on 2-DOG uptake over a wide range of insulin concentrations (0.1 to 100 nmol/L) without the desensitization to 2-DOG uptake seen in other systems following long-term insulin administration.	Pioglitazone	20-32	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	166-173
8275942-8	1994	We also observed that the overexpression of mRNA for TNF alpha and both of its receptors could be at least partly normalized by treatment of the diabetic animals with the insulin-sensitizing agent pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	197-209	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	53-62
8145730-3	1994	We have observed that the mRNA encoding the adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aFABP) increases shortly after incubation of cells with pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedone analogue.	Pioglitazone	138-150	fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte	Mus musculus	82-87
8145730-11	1994	The experiments reported in this study establish that the insulin-sensitizing agent pioglitazone up-regulates expression of the aFABP gene through an element located within a region of DNA responsible for tissue-specific and differentiation-dependent expression of the gene.	Pioglitazone	84-96	fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte	Mus musculus	128-133
8288044-0	1994	Pioglitazone increases insulin sensitivity, reduces blood glucose, insulin, and lipid levels, and lowers blood pressure, in obese, insulin-resistant rhesus monkeys.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Macaca mulatta	23-30
8288044-0	1994	Pioglitazone increases insulin sensitivity, reduces blood glucose, insulin, and lipid levels, and lowers blood pressure, in obese, insulin-resistant rhesus monkeys.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Macaca mulatta	67-74
8288044-8	1994	Insulin sensitivity was increased by pioglitazone hydrochloride (P = 0.05), whereas glucose effectiveness and glucose disappearance rate were not detectably affected.	Pioglitazone	37-63	insulin	Macaca mulatta	0-7
8299559-11	1994	On the other hand, the blood glucose and plasma insulin levels of the RCM-hGH treated mice fed pioglitazone were markedly reduced compared to those of the RCM-hGH-treated control-fed animals.	Pioglitazone	95-107	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
8299559-12	1994	Thus, these results suggest that pioglitazone can ameliorate GH-induced insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	33-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	72-79
8299559-0	1994	Pioglitazone inhibits the diabetogenic action of growth hormone, but not its ability to promote growth.	Pioglitazone	0-12	growth hormone	Mus musculus	49-63
8299559-2	1994	One such analog, pioglitazone (5-(4-[2-(5-ethyl-2-pyridinyl)ethoxy]benzyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione hydrochloride), when fed to insulin-resistant animals such as the obese (ob/ob) mouse, reduces blood glucose and lipids and also lowers the plasma insulin level.	Pioglitazone	17-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
8299559-2	1994	One such analog, pioglitazone (5-(4-[2-(5-ethyl-2-pyridinyl)ethoxy]benzyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione hydrochloride), when fed to insulin-resistant animals such as the obese (ob/ob) mouse, reduces blood glucose and lipids and also lowers the plasma insulin level.	Pioglitazone	17-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	244-251
8299559-3	1994	Because GH can produce insulin resistance in humans and animals such as the ob/ob mouse, the present study was conducted to determine whether feeding pioglitazone can 1) inhibit the ability of GH to induce enhanced insulin resistance in obese mice, 2) ameliorate or reverse GH-induced insulin resistance once it has been induced in ob/ob mice, and 3) alter the ability of GH to promote growth in hypophysectomized rats.	Pioglitazone	150-162	insulin	Homo sapiens	215-222
8299559-3	1994	Because GH can produce insulin resistance in humans and animals such as the ob/ob mouse, the present study was conducted to determine whether feeding pioglitazone can 1) inhibit the ability of GH to induce enhanced insulin resistance in obese mice, 2) ameliorate or reverse GH-induced insulin resistance once it has been induced in ob/ob mice, and 3) alter the ability of GH to promote growth in hypophysectomized rats.	Pioglitazone	150-162	insulin	Homo sapiens	215-222
8299559-7	1994	By contrast, the ability of RCM-hGH to increase blood glucose and plasma insulin levels was totally blocked in pioglitazone-fed mice.	Pioglitazone	111-123	insulin	Homo sapiens	73-80
8238439-7	1993	Pioglitazone (0.01-100 microM) also inhibited insulin- (1 mU/ml), EGF- (100 ng/ml), and 5% FCS-induced [3H]thymidine incorporation in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.01).	Pioglitazone	0-12	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
8280122-0	1993	Pioglitazone ameliorates high glucose induced desensitization of insulin receptor kinase in Rat 1 fibroblasts in culture.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	65-81
8280122-2	1993	To clarify the mechanism, we studied in vitro effects of glucose and pioglitazone on the insulin receptor function using Rat 1 fibroblasts which expressed human insulin receptors.	Pioglitazone	69-81	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	89-105
8280122-6	1993	However, exposure of both 27mM D-glucose and 0.1 microM pioglitazone to the cells completely prevented the glucose-induced impairment of insulin receptor kinase activity, suggesting that pioglitazone might reverse the processes which are critical for the glucose-induced desensitization of insulin receptor kinase.	Pioglitazone	56-68	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	137-153
8280122-6	1993	However, exposure of both 27mM D-glucose and 0.1 microM pioglitazone to the cells completely prevented the glucose-induced impairment of insulin receptor kinase activity, suggesting that pioglitazone might reverse the processes which are critical for the glucose-induced desensitization of insulin receptor kinase.	Pioglitazone	56-68	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	290-306
8280122-6	1993	However, exposure of both 27mM D-glucose and 0.1 microM pioglitazone to the cells completely prevented the glucose-induced impairment of insulin receptor kinase activity, suggesting that pioglitazone might reverse the processes which are critical for the glucose-induced desensitization of insulin receptor kinase.	Pioglitazone	187-199	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	137-153
8280122-6	1993	However, exposure of both 27mM D-glucose and 0.1 microM pioglitazone to the cells completely prevented the glucose-induced impairment of insulin receptor kinase activity, suggesting that pioglitazone might reverse the processes which are critical for the glucose-induced desensitization of insulin receptor kinase.	Pioglitazone	187-199	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	290-306
1435736-2	1992	We have previously demonstrated that pioglitazone can enhance the insulin- or insulin-like growth factor-1-regulated differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, a cell line that undergoes morphological and biochemical differentiation to mature adipocytes [Mol.	Pioglitazone	37-49	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	78-106
8319581-2	1993	In this study, we investigated the effect of pioglitazone, a novel antidiabetic agent known to lower plasma glucose in animal models of diabetes mellitus, on expression of glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT4 in 3T3-F442A cells.	Pioglitazone	45-57	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	193-198
8319581-2	1993	In this study, we investigated the effect of pioglitazone, a novel antidiabetic agent known to lower plasma glucose in animal models of diabetes mellitus, on expression of glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT4 in 3T3-F442A cells.	Pioglitazone	45-57	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	203-208
8319581-4	1993	Analysis of messenger RNA transcripts encoding GLUT1 and GLUT4 glucose transporters over the 7-day differentiation period indicated time-dependent increases in abundance of each type that were maximal at more than 5-fold with the combined presence of insulin and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	263-275	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	47-52
8319581-4	1993	Analysis of messenger RNA transcripts encoding GLUT1 and GLUT4 glucose transporters over the 7-day differentiation period indicated time-dependent increases in abundance of each type that were maximal at more than 5-fold with the combined presence of insulin and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	263-275	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	57-62
8391325-5	1993	The objective of this investigation was to determine if a novel antidiabetic agent, pioglitazone, ameliorated hepatic insulin resistance in KKA(y) mice and to identify any alterations in PIP2-phospholipase C activity of liver plasma membranes that may accompany changes in insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	84-96	insulin	Homo sapiens	118-125
1435736-5	1992	In this study, we have examined the effect of pioglitazone on the expression of the adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aFABP) in ob/ob mice and 3T3-L1 cells.	Pioglitazone	46-58	fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte	Mus musculus	122-127
1435736-7	1992	Treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with pioglitazone enhanced aFABP expression in a time-dependent fashion.	Pioglitazone	31-43	fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte	Mus musculus	53-58
1435736-10	1992	Pioglitazone, in combination with insulin or insulin-like growth factor-1, was observed to elicit a dose-dependent increase in expression, indicating a role for pioglitazone in regulating transcription of the aFABP gene.	Pioglitazone	0-12	fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte	Mus musculus	209-214
1435736-10	1992	Pioglitazone, in combination with insulin or insulin-like growth factor-1, was observed to elicit a dose-dependent increase in expression, indicating a role for pioglitazone in regulating transcription of the aFABP gene.	Pioglitazone	161-173	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	45-73
1435736-10	1992	Pioglitazone, in combination with insulin or insulin-like growth factor-1, was observed to elicit a dose-dependent increase in expression, indicating a role for pioglitazone in regulating transcription of the aFABP gene.	Pioglitazone	161-173	fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte	Mus musculus	209-214
1435736-12	1992	These observations on control of aFABP gene expression by pioglitazone suggest possible mechanisms by which cellular sensitivity to insulin may be regulated.	Pioglitazone	58-70	fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte	Mus musculus	33-38
1915075-5	1991	Treatment of both types of diabetic animals with pioglitazone, a new antihyperglycemic compound, corrects deficits in glucose transport and GLUT4 mRNA and protein abundance.	Pioglitazone	49-61	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	140-145
1733721-0	1992	Treatment of insulin-resistant mice with the oral antidiabetic agent pioglitazone: evaluation of liver GLUT2 and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase expression.	Pioglitazone	69-81	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	103-108
1538716-4	1992	Pioglitazone treatment of preadipocytes enhanced the insulin- or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I)-regulated differentiation (monitored by the rate of lipogenesis or triglyceride accumulation), whereas treatment of the cells in the absence of insulin or IGF-I resulted in no apparent change in the cellular phenotype.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	95-100
1538716-4	1992	Pioglitazone treatment of preadipocytes enhanced the insulin- or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I)-regulated differentiation (monitored by the rate of lipogenesis or triglyceride accumulation), whereas treatment of the cells in the absence of insulin or IGF-I resulted in no apparent change in the cellular phenotype.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	257-262
1538716-5	1992	Pioglitazone caused both a leftward shift and enhanced maximum response for the IGF-I-regulated differentiation of the cells, consistent with the idea that the drug enhances the sensitivity of cells to polypeptide hormones.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	80-85
1538716-9	1992	Analysis of mRNA abundance for Glut-4, lipoprotein lipase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase showed that pioglitazone enhanced the insulin induction of these mRNA species.	Pioglitazone	109-121	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	31-37
1538716-9	1992	Analysis of mRNA abundance for Glut-4, lipoprotein lipase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase showed that pioglitazone enhanced the insulin induction of these mRNA species.	Pioglitazone	109-121	lipoprotein lipase	Mus musculus	39-57
1915075-7	1991	Increases in GLUT4 mRNA and protein levels and glucose transport function by pioglitazone are dependent upon the presence of circulating insulin.	Pioglitazone	77-89	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	13-18
2192715-8	1990	Pioglitazone also corrected the abnormality in hepatic enzyme regulation by insulin of the fatty rats: glucose-6-phosphatase decreased and glucokinase increased, suggesting the increased response of the liver to insulin and the resultant suppression of HGP.	Pioglitazone	0-12	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-124
2192715-8	1990	Pioglitazone also corrected the abnormality in hepatic enzyme regulation by insulin of the fatty rats: glucose-6-phosphatase decreased and glucokinase increased, suggesting the increased response of the liver to insulin and the resultant suppression of HGP.	Pioglitazone	0-12	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	139-150
33798599-5	2021	In addition, pioglitazone significantly increased (by 1.5 to 2-fold) mRNA expression of alpha, beta, and gamma subtypes of ENaC and AQP2 and 3 subtypes in the renal medulla.	Pioglitazone	13-25	aquaporin 2	Mus musculus	132-142
2334455-2	1990	When orally administered to genetically obese and diabetic yellow KK mice (2.4-24.5 mg/kg/d), and Zucker fatty rats (0.1-10 mg/kg/d) for 4 days, pioglitazone markedly decreased hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and glucose intolerance characterized as insulin resistant states in these animals.	Pioglitazone	145-157	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	213-220
2334455-3	1990	Pioglitazone potentiated insulin-mediated glucose metabolism in the diaphragm and adipose tissues of yellow KK mice and enhanced the glycemic response to exogenous insulin in Zucker fatty rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	25-32
2334455-3	1990	Pioglitazone potentiated insulin-mediated glucose metabolism in the diaphragm and adipose tissues of yellow KK mice and enhanced the glycemic response to exogenous insulin in Zucker fatty rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	164-171
2334455-4	1990	Four-day administration of pioglitazone (1 mg/kg/d) to aged and obese beagle dogs with moderate insulin resistance decreased plasma glucose and lipids in the fasting state, and postprandial rises in plasma triglyceride.	Pioglitazone	27-39	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	96-103
2334455-7	1990	These results indicate that pioglitazone is effective on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism associated with insulin resistance by enhancing insulin action on peripheral tissues.	Pioglitazone	28-40	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	111-118
2334455-7	1990	These results indicate that pioglitazone is effective on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism associated with insulin resistance by enhancing insulin action on peripheral tissues.	Pioglitazone	28-40	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	143-150
33591571-7	2021	Pioglitazone, the activator of PPARgamma, blocked the activation of NFAT/NF-kappaB, reversed the protein expression of SMC phenotypic modulation markers and inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and macrophage adhesion to SMCs in SKI SMCs.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	31-40
33591571-7	2021	Pioglitazone, the activator of PPARgamma, blocked the activation of NFAT/NF-kappaB, reversed the protein expression of SMC phenotypic modulation markers and inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and macrophage adhesion to SMCs in SKI SMCs.	Pioglitazone	0-12	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	73-82
33591571-7	2021	Pioglitazone, the activator of PPARgamma, blocked the activation of NFAT/NF-kappaB, reversed the protein expression of SMC phenotypic modulation markers and inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and macrophage adhesion to SMCs in SKI SMCs.	Pioglitazone	0-12	ski sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (avian)	Mus musculus	233-236
33591571-8	2021	Furthermore, pioglitazone also ameliorated angiotensin II-induced aortic aneurysms in SKI mice.	Pioglitazone	13-25	ski sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (avian)	Mus musculus	86-89
33822489-6	2021	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, also exhibited antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2, and both raloxifene and pioglitazone presented a synergistic antiviral effect.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	16-25
33798599-5	2021	In addition, pioglitazone significantly increased (by 1.5 to 2-fold) mRNA expression of alpha, beta, and gamma subtypes of ENaC and AQP2 and 3 subtypes in the renal medulla.	Pioglitazone	13-25	sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 alpha	Mus musculus	123-127
24740421-0	2014	Regulation of insulin degrading enzyme activity by obesity-associated factors and pioglitazone in liver of diet-induced obese mice.	Pioglitazone	82-94	insulin degrading enzyme	Mus musculus	14-38
24740421-4	2014	In this study, we test obesity-associated factors and pioglitazone in the regulation of IDE in diet-induced obese (DIO) C57BL/6 mice.	Pioglitazone	54-66	insulin degrading enzyme	Mus musculus	88-91
24740421-6	2014	Pioglitazone (10 mg/kg/day) administration for 2 months significantly enhanced the enzyme activity (75%), protein (180%) and mRNA (100%) of IDE in DIO mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin degrading enzyme	Mus musculus	140-143
24740421-8	2014	The mechanism of IDE regulation in liver was investigated in the mouse hepatoma cell line (Hepa 1c1c7 cells), in which pioglitazone (5 microM) increased IDE protein and mRNA in a time-dependent manner in an 8 h study.	Pioglitazone	119-131	insulin degrading enzyme	Mus musculus	17-20
24740421-8	2014	The mechanism of IDE regulation in liver was investigated in the mouse hepatoma cell line (Hepa 1c1c7 cells), in which pioglitazone (5 microM) increased IDE protein and mRNA in a time-dependent manner in an 8 h study.	Pioglitazone	119-131	insulin degrading enzyme	Mus musculus	153-156
24740421-13	2014	The results suggest that IDE activity is regulated in liver by multiple factors in obesity and pioglitazone may induce IDE activity in the control of T2D.	Pioglitazone	95-107	insulin degrading enzyme	Mus musculus	119-122
23662393-0	2013	[Effects of pioglitazone on TGFbeta1 expression in ischemia/reperfusion injury myocardium of rats].	Pioglitazone	12-24	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-36
23511244-7	2013	Upon study completion, patients treated with pioglitazone had lower levels of HbA1c (6.41+-0.65 vs 6.96+-0.74%; p<0.001) and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (2.88+-1.95 vs 4.68+-3.63; p=0.013) and a reduction of the atherogenic LDL subfraction (pattern B) (-5.7%).	Pioglitazone	45-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	157-164
23511244-8	2013	CONCLUSIONS: The beneficial effects observed in pioglitazone-treated patients in the present study, (i.e. the increase in HDL-C and the reduction of insulin resistance and atherogenic LDL subfractions), support findings from the PROactive trial, where pioglitazone showed pleiotropic effects and reduced death, fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and non-fatal MI in T2DM patients with MS.	Pioglitazone	48-60	insulin	Homo sapiens	149-156
23662393-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of pioglitazone on transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) expression in ischemia/reperfusion injury myocardium of rats.	Pioglitazone	41-53	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-89
23662393-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of pioglitazone on transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) expression in ischemia/reperfusion injury myocardium of rats.	Pioglitazone	41-53	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-99
23662393-8	2013	GW9662 reversed the inhibition of myocardial apoptosis and the upregulation of TGFbeta1 expression by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	102-114	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-87
23662393-10	2013	Pioglitazone may protect the myocardium from ischemia/reperfusion via upregulation of TGFbeta1.	Pioglitazone	0-12	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-94
22666229-2	2012	Pioglitazone (PIO), a PPAR-gamma agonist, decreased cell proliferation, interstitial fibrosis, and inflammation, and ameliorated PKD progression in PCK rats (Am.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
22666229-2	2012	Pioglitazone (PIO), a PPAR-gamma agonist, decreased cell proliferation, interstitial fibrosis, and inflammation, and ameliorated PKD progression in PCK rats (Am.	Pioglitazone	0-12	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	148-151
22666229-2	2012	Pioglitazone (PIO), a PPAR-gamma agonist, decreased cell proliferation, interstitial fibrosis, and inflammation, and ameliorated PKD progression in PCK rats (Am.	Pioglitazone	14-17	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	148-151
22550475-2	2012	We sought to investigate whether the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligand pioglitazone can attenuate vascular fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and explore the possible molecular mechanisms.	Pioglitazone	106-118	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	37-85
22550475-2	2012	We sought to investigate whether the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligand pioglitazone can attenuate vascular fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and explore the possible molecular mechanisms.	Pioglitazone	106-118	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
22792089-3	2012	Due to high levels of toxicity associated with the first generation TZDs, troglitazone (Rezulin), rosiglitazone (Avandia), and pioglitazone (Actos), there is a renewed search for newer PPAR drugs that exhibit better efficacy but lesser toxicity.	Pioglitazone	127-139	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	185-189
22550475-9	2012	Masson"s trichrome staining for collagen III and real-time RT-PCR analysis of collagen I, III and fibronectin mRNA indicated that pioglitazone significantly inhibited extracellular matrix production in the aorta.	Pioglitazone	130-142	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-109
22550475-11	2012	Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased PPAR-gamma expression and inhibited CTGF expression but had no effect on TGF-beta expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	47-57
22550475-11	2012	Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased PPAR-gamma expression and inhibited CTGF expression but had no effect on TGF-beta expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	83-87
22550475-13	2012	The results indicate that pioglitazone attenuated vascular fibrosis in SHRs by inhibiting CTGF expression in a TGF-beta-independent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	26-38	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	90-94
22966222-3	2012	This review summarises experimental evidence that PPARgamma ligands, such as rosiglitazone (RGZ) and pioglitazone (PGZ), inhibit proliferation and inflammatory cytokine production from ASM in vitro.	Pioglitazone	101-113	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	50-59
22966222-3	2012	This review summarises experimental evidence that PPARgamma ligands, such as rosiglitazone (RGZ) and pioglitazone (PGZ), inhibit proliferation and inflammatory cytokine production from ASM in vitro.	Pioglitazone	115-118	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	50-59
19261909-0	2009	A rapid, PPAR-gamma-dependent effect of pioglitazone on the phosphorylation of MYPT.	Pioglitazone	40-52	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	9-19
23251143-6	2012	Electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA) revealed that activation of translocation of nuclear factor- (NF-) kappaB, which is a suppressor of apoptosis, in the nucleus of the hepatocytes was suppressed in the pioglitazone-treated mice after Con A injection.	Pioglitazone	211-223	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	89-117
34973951-2	2022	Irbesartan and pioglitazone activate Peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma receptor (PPAR-gamma) as partial and full agonists.	Pioglitazone	15-27	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	37-85
34856203-0	2022	The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone produces a female-predominant inhibition of hyperalgesia associated with surgical incision, peripheral nerve injury, and painful diabetic neuropathy.	Pioglitazone	22-34	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	4-13
34856203-1	2022	Pioglitazone, an agonist at peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, is FDA-approved for the treatment of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	28-76
34747283-0	2022	Pioglitazone restores phosphorylation of downregulated caveolin-1 in right ventricle of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension.	Pioglitazone	0-12	caveolin 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
34747283-4	2022	Additionally, we focused on restoration of cav-1 expression with pioglitazone administration.	Pioglitazone	65-77	caveolin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
34973951-2	2022	Irbesartan and pioglitazone activate Peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma receptor (PPAR-gamma) as partial and full agonists.	Pioglitazone	15-27	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
34973951-7	2022	Diabetic WKYs had lower plasma adiponectin, higher creatinine clearance, urinary and fractional sodium excretion but were normalized to a greater extent in pioglitazone and adiponectin combined treatment.	Pioglitazone	156-168	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	31-42
34973951-8	2022	Responses to intra-renal administration of adrenergic agonists including noradrenaline (NA), phenylephrine (PE), methoxamine (ME), and angiotensin-II (ANG-II) were larger in diabetic WKY, but significantly blunted with adiponectin treatment in diabetic WKYs to 35-40%, and further reduced by 65-70% in combination with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	319-331	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	135-149
34973951-8	2022	Responses to intra-renal administration of adrenergic agonists including noradrenaline (NA), phenylephrine (PE), methoxamine (ME), and angiotensin-II (ANG-II) were larger in diabetic WKY, but significantly blunted with adiponectin treatment in diabetic WKYs to 35-40%, and further reduced by 65-70% in combination with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	319-331	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	151-157
34973951-12	2022	Additionally, a degree of synergism exists between adiponectin and pioglitazone to a large extent compared to combination therapy with irbesartan (partial PPAR-gamma agonist) in attenuating the renal vascular receptiveness to adrenergic agonists.	Pioglitazone	67-79	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	51-62
34968469-4	2022	MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats (6 groups) received the vehicle or a combination of CsA (30 mg/kg) with the vehicle, geraniol (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg), or the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone for 4 weeks.	Pioglitazone	172-184	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	154-163
34864131-9	2022	A competitive analysis with a PPARgamma full agonist pioglitazone revealed that OC acted as a PPARgamma partial agonist.	Pioglitazone	53-65	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	30-39
34468908-3	2022	The current study aimed to investigate the possible beneficial effects of coadministration of VITD with pioglitazone (PIO), a PPAR-gamma agonist, in fructose/streptozotocin (F/STZ) T2DM model in male Wistar rats.	Pioglitazone	104-116	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	126-136
34468908-3	2022	The current study aimed to investigate the possible beneficial effects of coadministration of VITD with pioglitazone (PIO), a PPAR-gamma agonist, in fructose/streptozotocin (F/STZ) T2DM model in male Wistar rats.	Pioglitazone	118-121	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	126-136
34341904-7	2022	This study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer potential of PPAR-gamma agonist Pioglitazone combined with COX-2 inhibitor Celelcoxib in NSCLC.	Pioglitazone	80-92	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	61-71
34864131-9	2022	A competitive analysis with a PPARgamma full agonist pioglitazone revealed that OC acted as a PPARgamma partial agonist.	Pioglitazone	53-65	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	94-103
34736656-1	2022	Pioglitazone is a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) agonist of the thiazolidinedione class of compounds with promising anticancer activity.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	18-60
34591742-5	2022	EXPERT OPINION: : Pioglitazone activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma which improves insulin sensitivity and helps to preserve beta-cell function with a durable improvement in glycemic control.	Pioglitazone	18-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	41-89
34591742-5	2022	EXPERT OPINION: : Pioglitazone activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma which improves insulin sensitivity and helps to preserve beta-cell function with a durable improvement in glycemic control.	Pioglitazone	18-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	105-112
34863942-3	2022	Further study of the first generation "insulin sensitizer" pioglitazone and molecules based on its structure suggests that is possible to decouple body weight from the metabolic dysfunction that drives adverse outcomes.	Pioglitazone	59-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	39-46
34972207-1	2021	Pioglitazone, an FDA-approved compound, has been shown to target the novel mitochondrial protein mitoNEET and produce short-term neuroprotection and functional benefits following traumatic brain injury.	Pioglitazone	0-12	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Mus musculus	97-105
34972207-3	2021	We then hypothesize that optimal pioglitazone dosing will lead to ongoing neuroprotection and cognitive benefits that are dependent on pioglitazone-mitoNEET signalling pathways.	Pioglitazone	33-45	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Mus musculus	148-156
34972207-3	2021	We then hypothesize that optimal pioglitazone dosing will lead to ongoing neuroprotection and cognitive benefits that are dependent on pioglitazone-mitoNEET signalling pathways.	Pioglitazone	135-147	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Mus musculus	148-156
34972207-10	2021	This study illustrates that mitoNEET is the critical target for delayed pioglitazone intervention after traumatic brain injury, mitochondrial-targeting is highly time-dependent after injury and there is an extended therapeutic window to effectively treat mitochondrial dysfunction after brain injury.	Pioglitazone	72-84	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Mus musculus	28-36
34881080-6	2021	We have reviewed several AD clinical studies and summarized the experience to date with Aducanumab and two other potential AD drugs including Zagotenemab (an anti-tau antibody) and Pioglitazone (nuclear Peroxisome-Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist).	Pioglitazone	181-193	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	203-251
34881080-6	2021	We have reviewed several AD clinical studies and summarized the experience to date with Aducanumab and two other potential AD drugs including Zagotenemab (an anti-tau antibody) and Pioglitazone (nuclear Peroxisome-Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist).	Pioglitazone	181-193	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	253-262
34233552-6	2021	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential effect of PPAR-gamma agonists (pioglitazone, as one member of thiazolidinediones (TZD)) on motor dysfunction in reserpine-induced FM in a rat model.	Pioglitazone	71-83	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
34233552-10	2021	RESULTS: Pioglitazone significantly relieved fatigue, improved muscle performance, reduced inflammatory cytokines and enhanced antioxidant"s activity, while GW9662, a known PPAR-gamma antagonist, aggravated the FM manifestations in the rat model.	Pioglitazone	9-21	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	173-183
34480296-9	2021	RESULTS: The PI3K/AKT pathway was significantly related to one PCOS subnetwork and most drugs (metformin, letrozole, pioglitazone, and spironolactone); moreover, VEGF, EGF, TGFB1, AGT, AMBP, and RBP4 were identified as the shared proteins between the PCOS subnetwork and the drugs.	Pioglitazone	117-129	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	18-21
34931381-3	2022	METHODS: Oral cancer and leukoplakia cell lines were treated with the PPARgamma agonist (pioglitazone) and RXRalpha activator (bexarotene).	Pioglitazone	89-101	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	70-79
34931381-6	2022	In MSK Leuk1 and CA 9-22 cell lines, pioglitazone increases PPARgamma DNA binding activity and IVL promoter activity in a dose dependent manner (p < 0.01 and p < 0.0001).	Pioglitazone	37-49	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	60-69
34931381-7	2022	Combination treatment with pioglitazone and bexarotene increases PPARgamma DNA binding activity and IVL promoter activity (p < 0.01 and p < 0.0001).	Pioglitazone	27-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	65-74
34931381-11	2022	CONCLUSIONS: Targeting the PPARgamma/RXRalpha heterodimer with pioglitazone and bexarotene was effective in this preclinical project.	Pioglitazone	63-75	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	27-36
34931381-11	2022	CONCLUSIONS: Targeting the PPARgamma/RXRalpha heterodimer with pioglitazone and bexarotene was effective in this preclinical project.	Pioglitazone	63-75	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	37-45
34972054-6	2022	Beer"s law was confirmed in the concentration range 2.50-15.00 microg mL-1, and 10.00-50.00 microg mL-1 for glimepiride and pioglitazone respectively for the four methods.	Pioglitazone	124-136	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	99-103
34925073-0	2021	The Insulin-Sensitizer Pioglitazone Remodels Adipose Tissue Phospholipids in Humans.	Pioglitazone	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
34925073-1	2021	The insulin-sensitizer pioglitazone exerts its cardiometabolic benefits in type 2 diabetes (T2D) through a redistribution of body fat, from ectopic and visceral areas to subcutaneous adipose depots.	Pioglitazone	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
34688917-3	2021	Emerging evidence in animal and human studies suggests that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR- gamma) agonist, pioglitazone, improves white matter integrity that is essential for cognitive function.	Pioglitazone	136-148	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	64-112
34688917-3	2021	Emerging evidence in animal and human studies suggests that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR- gamma) agonist, pioglitazone, improves white matter integrity that is essential for cognitive function.	Pioglitazone	136-148	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	114-125
34736656-1	2022	Pioglitazone is a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) agonist of the thiazolidinedione class of compounds with promising anticancer activity.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	62-66
34884544-7	2021	We observed an optimal dose of pioglitazone (PGZ) at a concentration of 1 muM that reduced sleep deficits, locomotor impairments, climbing defects, and restoration of normal protein levels of Ref(2)P, a marker of autophagic flux, in GBA1DeltaTT/DeltaTT mutant flies, compared to GBA1+/+ control flies.	Pioglitazone	31-43	refractory to sigma P	Drosophila melanogaster	192-199
34813026-6	2021	PPARgamma agonists like pioglitazone increases the phagocytosis of Abeta and reduces inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta.	Pioglitazone	24-36	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	107-115
34448677-3	2021	The rats were treated with stevioside treatment, PPAR-gamma antagonist GW9662, PPAR-gamma activator pioglitazone or PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 before neurological deficits were assessed using modified Neurological Severity Scale (mNSS) scores.	Pioglitazone	100-112	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	79-89
34813026-6	2021	PPARgamma agonists like pioglitazone increases the phagocytosis of Abeta and reduces inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta.	Pioglitazone	24-36	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
34813026-6	2021	PPARgamma agonists like pioglitazone increases the phagocytosis of Abeta and reduces inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta.	Pioglitazone	24-36	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	67-72
34884544-7	2021	We observed an optimal dose of pioglitazone (PGZ) at a concentration of 1 muM that reduced sleep deficits, locomotor impairments, climbing defects, and restoration of normal protein levels of Ref(2)P, a marker of autophagic flux, in GBA1DeltaTT/DeltaTT mutant flies, compared to GBA1+/+ control flies.	Pioglitazone	45-48	refractory to sigma P	Drosophila melanogaster	192-199
34884544-8	2021	These data suggest that PGZ may represent a potential compound with which to treat GD/PD by improving function of lysosomal-autophagy pathways, a cellular process that removes misfolded or aggregated proteins.	Pioglitazone	24-27	gastrulation-defective	Drosophila melanogaster	83-88
34111396-8	2021	Co-treatment of adiponectin with pioglitazone significantly amplified the improvement in plasma triglycerides, adiponectin concentration, pulse wave velocity and antioxidant enzymatic activities indicating synergistic effects of adiponectin and full PPAR-gamma agonist.	Pioglitazone	33-45	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	229-240
34626868-5	2021	The IL-10 protein abundance in the tissue was less when there was inclusions of pioglitazone in the medium, while the treatment with T0070907 resulted in a larger abundance of NF-kappaB, IL-1beta (in the tissue) and IL-4 (in tissue and culture media).	Pioglitazone	80-92	IL10	Sus scrofa	4-9
34626868-6	2021	During the gestational period, pioglitazone or PGJ2 suppressed mRNA IFNgamma and IL-10 transcript and protein abundances (in the tissue and culture media), whereas there was an enhanced NF-kappaB protein abundance (in the tissue).	Pioglitazone	31-43	interferon gamma	Sus scrofa	68-76
34626868-6	2021	During the gestational period, pioglitazone or PGJ2 suppressed mRNA IFNgamma and IL-10 transcript and protein abundances (in the tissue and culture media), whereas there was an enhanced NF-kappaB protein abundance (in the tissue).	Pioglitazone	31-43	IL10	Sus scrofa	81-86
34592314-8	2021	PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone treatment in 90% Px rats partially restored glucose homeostasis and beta-cell mass and enhanced expression of SetD7 and Pdx1.	Pioglitazone	18-30	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
34592314-8	2021	PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone treatment in 90% Px rats partially restored glucose homeostasis and beta-cell mass and enhanced expression of SetD7 and Pdx1.	Pioglitazone	18-30	SET domain containing 7, histone lysine methyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	141-146
34592314-8	2021	PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone treatment in 90% Px rats partially restored glucose homeostasis and beta-cell mass and enhanced expression of SetD7 and Pdx1.	Pioglitazone	18-30	pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-155
34549887-0	2021	Alteration of PPAR-GAMMA (PPARG; PPARgamma) and PTEN gene expression in acute myeloid leukemia patients and the promising anticancer effects of PPARgamma stimulation using pioglitazone on AML cells.	Pioglitazone	172-184	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	14-24
34549887-0	2021	Alteration of PPAR-GAMMA (PPARG; PPARgamma) and PTEN gene expression in acute myeloid leukemia patients and the promising anticancer effects of PPARgamma stimulation using pioglitazone on AML cells.	Pioglitazone	172-184	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	26-31
34713480-8	2022	Significant reductions in fasting insulin (FI) with pioglitazone versus placebo (SMD: -0.55; 95% CI: -1.03, -0.07; I2 = 37%; p = .02, very-low-grade evidence).	Pioglitazone	52-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
34669674-2	2022	OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine whether a combinatory treatment of Pioglitazone (PGZ) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) can support neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) directly and provide a sustainable microenvironment through immunomodulatory mechanisms.	Pioglitazone	73-85	colony stimulating factor 3	Rattus norvegicus	135-139
34681744-1	2021	BACKGROUND: We aimed to examine the anti-calcification and anti-inflammatory effects of pioglitazone as a PPAR-gamma agonist on bioprosthetic-valve-bearing aortic grafts in a rat model of diabetes mellitus (DM).	Pioglitazone	88-100	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
34681744-6	2021	The additional administration of pioglitazone significantly increased circulating adiponectin levels and significantly reduced media thickness at 4 and 12 weeks, respectively (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0107, respectively).	Pioglitazone	33-45	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	82-93
34681744-8	2021	Gene-expression analysis revealed a significant reduction in relevant chondro-osteogenic markers osteopontin and RUNX-2 by pioglitazone at 4 weeks.	Pioglitazone	123-135	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-108
34681744-8	2021	Gene-expression analysis revealed a significant reduction in relevant chondro-osteogenic markers osteopontin and RUNX-2 by pioglitazone at 4 weeks.	Pioglitazone	123-135	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	113-119
34681744-9	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Under diabetic conditions, pioglitazone leads to elevated circulating levels of adiponectin and to an inhibition of bioprosthetic graft degeneration, including lower expression of chondro-osteogenic genes, decreased media proliferation, and inhibited graft calcification in a small-animal model of DM.	Pioglitazone	40-52	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	93-104
34466155-0	2021	Pioglitazone mediates apoptosis in Caki cells via downregulating c-FLIP(L) expression and reducing Bcl-2 protein stability.	Pioglitazone	0-12	CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	65-71
34466155-0	2021	Pioglitazone mediates apoptosis in Caki cells via downregulating c-FLIP(L) expression and reducing Bcl-2 protein stability.	Pioglitazone	0-12	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	99-104
34466155-6	2021	As a result, it was demonstrated by flow cytometry analysis and Annexin V-propidium iodide staining that pioglitazone treatment induced apoptotic cell death in a dose-dependent manner in Caki cells.	Pioglitazone	105-117	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	64-73
34466155-7	2021	The protein expression levels of cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1beta-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP)(L) and Bcl-2, which were determined by western blotting, decreased after pioglitazone treatment in Caki cells.	Pioglitazone	188-200	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	42-47
34466155-7	2021	The protein expression levels of cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1beta-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP)(L) and Bcl-2, which were determined by western blotting, decreased after pioglitazone treatment in Caki cells.	Pioglitazone	188-200	CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	107-113
34466155-7	2021	The protein expression levels of cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1beta-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP)(L) and Bcl-2, which were determined by western blotting, decreased after pioglitazone treatment in Caki cells.	Pioglitazone	188-200	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	122-127
34466155-8	2021	Flow cytometry and western blot analyses demonstrated that pioglitazone-mediated apoptosis was blocked following pretreatment with the pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, indicating that pioglitazone-induced apoptosis was mediated via a caspase-dependent signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	59-71	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	139-146
34466155-8	2021	Flow cytometry and western blot analyses demonstrated that pioglitazone-mediated apoptosis was blocked following pretreatment with the pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, indicating that pioglitazone-induced apoptosis was mediated via a caspase-dependent signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	59-71	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	235-242
34466155-8	2021	Flow cytometry and western blot analyses demonstrated that pioglitazone-mediated apoptosis was blocked following pretreatment with the pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, indicating that pioglitazone-induced apoptosis was mediated via a caspase-dependent signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	185-197	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	139-146
34466155-8	2021	Flow cytometry and western blot analyses demonstrated that pioglitazone-mediated apoptosis was blocked following pretreatment with the pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, indicating that pioglitazone-induced apoptosis was mediated via a caspase-dependent signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	185-197	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	235-242
34466155-10	2021	Of note, it was found by western blot analysis that Bcl-2 protein expression was downregulated by the decreased protein stability of Bcl-2 in pioglitazone-treated Caki cells.	Pioglitazone	142-154	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	52-57
34466155-10	2021	Of note, it was found by western blot analysis that Bcl-2 protein expression was downregulated by the decreased protein stability of Bcl-2 in pioglitazone-treated Caki cells.	Pioglitazone	142-154	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	133-138
34466155-11	2021	In conclusion, these findings indicated that pioglitazone-induced apoptosis is regulated through caspase-mediated degradation of FLIP(L) and reduction of Bcl-2 protein stability, suggesting that pioglitazone is a feasible apoptotic agent that could be used in the treatment of human RC.	Pioglitazone	45-57	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	97-104
34466155-11	2021	In conclusion, these findings indicated that pioglitazone-induced apoptosis is regulated through caspase-mediated degradation of FLIP(L) and reduction of Bcl-2 protein stability, suggesting that pioglitazone is a feasible apoptotic agent that could be used in the treatment of human RC.	Pioglitazone	45-57	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	154-159
34466155-11	2021	In conclusion, these findings indicated that pioglitazone-induced apoptosis is regulated through caspase-mediated degradation of FLIP(L) and reduction of Bcl-2 protein stability, suggesting that pioglitazone is a feasible apoptotic agent that could be used in the treatment of human RC.	Pioglitazone	195-207	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	97-104
34466155-11	2021	In conclusion, these findings indicated that pioglitazone-induced apoptosis is regulated through caspase-mediated degradation of FLIP(L) and reduction of Bcl-2 protein stability, suggesting that pioglitazone is a feasible apoptotic agent that could be used in the treatment of human RC.	Pioglitazone	195-207	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	154-159
34831270-2	2021	Systemic activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) with pioglitazone can suppress inflammation-related splanchnic and pulmonary dysfunction in cirrhosis.	Pioglitazone	89-101	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	23-71
34831270-2	2021	Systemic activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) with pioglitazone can suppress inflammation-related splanchnic and pulmonary dysfunction in cirrhosis.	Pioglitazone	89-101	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	73-82
34831270-12	2021	Activation of systemic, renal vessel and renal tissue levels of PPARgamma by chronic pioglitazone treatment has beneficial effects on the endotoxemia-related TNFalpha/NFkappaB-mediated acute and chronic renal inflammation in cirrhosis.	Pioglitazone	85-97	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	64-73
34831270-12	2021	Activation of systemic, renal vessel and renal tissue levels of PPARgamma by chronic pioglitazone treatment has beneficial effects on the endotoxemia-related TNFalpha/NFkappaB-mediated acute and chronic renal inflammation in cirrhosis.	Pioglitazone	85-97	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	158-166
34219361-2	2021	Understanding the impact of changes in VF, VF-to-SC distribution (VF/SC) and adiponectin levels in relation to histological improvement after weight-loss or pioglitazone is relevant as novel PPAR-gamma agonists are being developed for treating NASH.	Pioglitazone	157-169	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	77-88
34219361-2	2021	Understanding the impact of changes in VF, VF-to-SC distribution (VF/SC) and adiponectin levels in relation to histological improvement after weight-loss or pioglitazone is relevant as novel PPAR-gamma agonists are being developed for treating NASH.	Pioglitazone	157-169	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	191-201
34549887-0	2021	Alteration of PPAR-GAMMA (PPARG; PPARgamma) and PTEN gene expression in acute myeloid leukemia patients and the promising anticancer effects of PPARgamma stimulation using pioglitazone on AML cells.	Pioglitazone	172-184	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	48-52
34549887-0	2021	Alteration of PPAR-GAMMA (PPARG; PPARgamma) and PTEN gene expression in acute myeloid leukemia patients and the promising anticancer effects of PPARgamma stimulation using pioglitazone on AML cells.	Pioglitazone	172-184	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	144-153
34549887-9	2021	Besides, PPARgamma stimulation using pioglitazone reduced survival and proliferative capacity of U937 cells through inducing apoptosis and suppression of cell transition from the G1 phase of the cell cycle.	Pioglitazone	37-49	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	9-18
34718616-9	2022	Pioglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing agent, reduced both these effects of TRIB3 and the ER stressor-induced expression of TRB3.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
34718616-9	2022	Pioglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing agent, reduced both these effects of TRIB3 and the ER stressor-induced expression of TRB3.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tribbles pseudokinase 3	Homo sapiens	74-79
34718616-9	2022	Pioglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing agent, reduced both these effects of TRIB3 and the ER stressor-induced expression of TRB3.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tribbles pseudokinase 3	Homo sapiens	122-126
34654784-3	2021	Pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist, was shown to decrease the degeneration of native aortic valves.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
34691163-8	2021	The combined treatment of exogenously administered adiponectin with full PPAR-gamma agonist augmented the improvement in lipid contents and adiponectin concentration and restored arterial stiffness with antioxidant potential effects, indicating the degree of synergism between adiponectin and full PPAR-gamma agonists (pioglitazone).	Pioglitazone	319-331	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	51-62
34691163-8	2021	The combined treatment of exogenously administered adiponectin with full PPAR-gamma agonist augmented the improvement in lipid contents and adiponectin concentration and restored arterial stiffness with antioxidant potential effects, indicating the degree of synergism between adiponectin and full PPAR-gamma agonists (pioglitazone).	Pioglitazone	319-331	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
34691163-8	2021	The combined treatment of exogenously administered adiponectin with full PPAR-gamma agonist augmented the improvement in lipid contents and adiponectin concentration and restored arterial stiffness with antioxidant potential effects, indicating the degree of synergism between adiponectin and full PPAR-gamma agonists (pioglitazone).	Pioglitazone	319-331	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	140-151
34691163-8	2021	The combined treatment of exogenously administered adiponectin with full PPAR-gamma agonist augmented the improvement in lipid contents and adiponectin concentration and restored arterial stiffness with antioxidant potential effects, indicating the degree of synergism between adiponectin and full PPAR-gamma agonists (pioglitazone).	Pioglitazone	319-331	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	277-288
34691163-8	2021	The combined treatment of exogenously administered adiponectin with full PPAR-gamma agonist augmented the improvement in lipid contents and adiponectin concentration and restored arterial stiffness with antioxidant potential effects, indicating the degree of synergism between adiponectin and full PPAR-gamma agonists (pioglitazone).	Pioglitazone	319-331	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	298-308
34815985-3	2021	Here, we set out to ascertain the emergence of the novel mitochondrial mediator of epigenetic function acetyl-L-carnitine (LAC) in relation to previously described individual predictors of antidepressant responses to the insulin-sensitizing agent pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	247-259	insulin	Homo sapiens	221-228
34815985-4	2021	Herein, we report that i) subjects with MDD and shorter leukocyte telomere length (LTL) show decreased levels of LAC, increased BMI, and a history of specific types of childhood trauma; and that ii) these multidimensional factors spanning mitochondrial metabolism, cellular aging, metabolic function, and childhood trauma provide more detailed signatures to predict longitudinal changes in depression severity in response to pioglitazone than individual factors.	Pioglitazone	425-437	lactase	Homo sapiens	113-116
34593018-2	2021	In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of saroglitazar, a dual PPARalpha/gamma agonist, fenofibrate, a PPAR-alpha agonist, and pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist on an animal model of NASH.	Pioglitazone	146-158	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	162-172
34410563-17	2021	In conclusion, PGZ improved the pancreatic tissue degeneration by increasing the level of p97/VCP and decreasing autophagic proteins, SVIP and ubiquitin expressions in MetS-rats.	Pioglitazone	15-18	valosin-containing protein	Rattus norvegicus	90-97
34410563-17	2021	In conclusion, PGZ improved the pancreatic tissue degeneration by increasing the level of p97/VCP and decreasing autophagic proteins, SVIP and ubiquitin expressions in MetS-rats.	Pioglitazone	15-18	small VCP interacting protein	Rattus norvegicus	134-138
34638771-7	2021	Based on solid experimental and clinical evidence, the present review summarizes connections and their implications for PAH and kidney failure, highlighting the similarities and differences between lung and kidney mechanisms as well as discussing the therapeutic potential of PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	294-306	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	276-285
34624942-0	2021	(Effect of PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone on the prolifeiration of malignant nesothelionma cells induced by HMGB1).	Pioglitazone	30-42	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	11-21
34624942-0	2021	(Effect of PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone on the prolifeiration of malignant nesothelionma cells induced by HMGB1).	Pioglitazone	30-42	high mobility group box 1	Homo sapiens	109-114
34624942-1	2021	Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of PPAR-gamma agonist Pioglitazone (PGZ) on the proliferation of malignant mesothelioma (MM) cells.	Pioglitazone	73-85	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	54-64
34624942-1	2021	Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of PPAR-gamma agonist Pioglitazone (PGZ) on the proliferation of malignant mesothelioma (MM) cells.	Pioglitazone	87-90	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	54-64
34624942-7	2021	QRT-PCR results revealed significantly increased PPAR-gamma mRNA expression in the PGZ-treated group compared to the control group (P<0.05) .	Pioglitazone	83-86	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	49-59
34624942-8	2021	There was a significant decrease in the mRNA expression level of HMGB1 in the PGZ-treated group (100 mumol/L) as compared to the control group in MSTO-211H (P<0.05) ; however, the expression level of HMGB1 in NCI-H2452 was an increase or no significant differences (P>0.05) .	Pioglitazone	78-81	high mobility group box 1	Homo sapiens	65-70
34624942-9	2021	Western blotting and immunofluorescence results showed that the protein expression of HMGB1 was reduced in the PGZ-treated group compared with the control group in MSTO-211H (P<0.05) , but the protein expression of that in NCI-H2452 was no significant differences (P>0.05) .	Pioglitazone	111-114	high mobility group box 1	Homo sapiens	86-91
34624942-11	2021	Conclusion: Pioglitazone suppresses the proliferation of MM cells through inhibition of HMGB1 by the activation of PPAR-gamma.	Pioglitazone	12-24	high mobility group box 1	Homo sapiens	88-93
34624942-11	2021	Conclusion: Pioglitazone suppresses the proliferation of MM cells through inhibition of HMGB1 by the activation of PPAR-gamma.	Pioglitazone	12-24	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	115-125
34111396-0	2021	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist (pioglitazone) with exogenous adiponectin ameliorates arterial stiffness and oxidative stress in diabetic Wistar Kyoto rats.	Pioglitazone	52-64	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	81-92
34111396-8	2021	Co-treatment of adiponectin with pioglitazone significantly amplified the improvement in plasma triglycerides, adiponectin concentration, pulse wave velocity and antioxidant enzymatic activities indicating synergistic effects of adiponectin and full PPAR-gamma agonist.	Pioglitazone	33-45	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	16-27
34111396-8	2021	Co-treatment of adiponectin with pioglitazone significantly amplified the improvement in plasma triglycerides, adiponectin concentration, pulse wave velocity and antioxidant enzymatic activities indicating synergistic effects of adiponectin and full PPAR-gamma agonist.	Pioglitazone	33-45	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	111-122
34111396-8	2021	Co-treatment of adiponectin with pioglitazone significantly amplified the improvement in plasma triglycerides, adiponectin concentration, pulse wave velocity and antioxidant enzymatic activities indicating synergistic effects of adiponectin and full PPAR-gamma agonist.	Pioglitazone	33-45	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	250-260
34116041-4	2021	The synthesized compound 1 caused an increase in the 4-fold expression of mRNA of PPARgamma regarding the control and had a similar behavior to the pioglitazone, while compound 2 only increased 2-fold the expression.	Pioglitazone	148-160	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	82-91
34572374-3	2021	Herein, we used the drug pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione with insulin-sensitizing properties, to investigate blood glucose levels, indicators of islet beta-cell health and maturity, and gene expression in adipose tissue.	Pioglitazone	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	64-71
34572374-6	2021	Both db/db mice and humans given pioglitazone displayed increased expression of UCP-1, a marker typically associated with brown adipose tissue.	Pioglitazone	33-45	uncoupling protein 1	Homo sapiens	80-85
34572374-0	2021	Pioglitazone Reverses Markers of Islet Beta-Cell De-Differentiation in db/db Mice While Modulating Expression of Genes Controlling Inflammation and Browning in White Adipose Tissue from Insulin-Resistant Mice and Humans.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	186-193
34572374-7	2021	Moreover, pancreatic beta-cells from db/db mice treated with pioglitazone had greater expression of insulin and Nkx6.1 as well as reduced abundance of the de-differentiation marker Aldh1a3.	Pioglitazone	61-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	100-107
34572374-7	2021	Moreover, pancreatic beta-cells from db/db mice treated with pioglitazone had greater expression of insulin and Nkx6.1 as well as reduced abundance of the de-differentiation marker Aldh1a3.	Pioglitazone	61-73	NK6 homeobox 1	Mus musculus	112-118
34572374-7	2021	Moreover, pancreatic beta-cells from db/db mice treated with pioglitazone had greater expression of insulin and Nkx6.1 as well as reduced abundance of the de-differentiation marker Aldh1a3.	Pioglitazone	61-73	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A3	Mus musculus	181-188
34483693-16	2021	Thereafter, pioglitazone was added to improve insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
34273404-4	2021	We next sought to determine whether chemically disrupting Akt through PTEN upregulation with the PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, would modulate electrotaxis of these cells.	Pioglitazone	116-128	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	58-61
34273404-4	2021	We next sought to determine whether chemically disrupting Akt through PTEN upregulation with the PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, would modulate electrotaxis of these cells.	Pioglitazone	116-128	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	70-74
34273404-4	2021	We next sought to determine whether chemically disrupting Akt through PTEN upregulation with the PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, would modulate electrotaxis of these cells.	Pioglitazone	116-128	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	97-106
34144391-5	2021	Consequently, ASK1 inhibitor selonsertib and PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone in pharmacological synergism ameliorated bortezomib-induced hepatotoxicity and significantly prolonged survival duration in mice.	Pioglitazone	63-75	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	45-54
34107382-2	2021	Here we report an insulin sensitizer thiazolidinedione Pioglitazone selectively preserves the beta cells against high glucose-induced dysfunction by activation of AMPK and Glutaminase 1 (GLS1) axis.	Pioglitazone	55-67	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	163-167
34107382-2	2021	Here we report an insulin sensitizer thiazolidinedione Pioglitazone selectively preserves the beta cells against high glucose-induced dysfunction by activation of AMPK and Glutaminase 1 (GLS1) axis.	Pioglitazone	55-67	glutaminase	Homo sapiens	172-185
34107382-2	2021	Here we report an insulin sensitizer thiazolidinedione Pioglitazone selectively preserves the beta cells against high glucose-induced dysfunction by activation of AMPK and Glutaminase 1 (GLS1) axis.	Pioglitazone	55-67	glutaminase	Homo sapiens	187-191
34412637-0	2021	Post-treatment with the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone inhibits inflammation and bacterial growth during Klebsiella pneumonia.	Pioglitazone	43-55	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	24-34
34107382-5	2021	Pioglitazone was able to also protect against high glucose-induced elevations in maladaptive ER stress markers and increase the adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) by inhibiting mTORC1-eEF2 protein translation machinery.	Pioglitazone	0-12	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	183-189
34107382-5	2021	Pioglitazone was able to also protect against high glucose-induced elevations in maladaptive ER stress markers and increase the adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) by inhibiting mTORC1-eEF2 protein translation machinery.	Pioglitazone	0-12	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2	Homo sapiens	190-194
34107382-6	2021	Moreover, the pioglitazone effect on AMPK activation was not dependent on the PPARgamma pathway.	Pioglitazone	14-26	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
34107382-7	2021	Strikingly, chemical inhibition of AMPK signaling or glutaminase-1 inhibition abrogates the pioglitazone effect on the TRAP1-GLS1 axis and GSH/GSSG ratio linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.	Pioglitazone	92-104	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	35-39
34107382-7	2021	Strikingly, chemical inhibition of AMPK signaling or glutaminase-1 inhibition abrogates the pioglitazone effect on the TRAP1-GLS1 axis and GSH/GSSG ratio linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.	Pioglitazone	92-104	TNF receptor associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	119-124
34107382-7	2021	Strikingly, chemical inhibition of AMPK signaling or glutaminase-1 inhibition abrogates the pioglitazone effect on the TRAP1-GLS1 axis and GSH/GSSG ratio linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.	Pioglitazone	92-104	glutaminase	Homo sapiens	125-129
34107382-9	2021	Altogether, these results support the proposal that pioglitazone induced AMPK activation stabilizes a novel interaction of TRAP1/HSP75-GLS1 and its downstream signaling leads to improved beta-cell function and survival under high glucose conditions.	Pioglitazone	52-64	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	73-77
34107382-9	2021	Altogether, these results support the proposal that pioglitazone induced AMPK activation stabilizes a novel interaction of TRAP1/HSP75-GLS1 and its downstream signaling leads to improved beta-cell function and survival under high glucose conditions.	Pioglitazone	52-64	TNF receptor associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	123-128
34107382-9	2021	Altogether, these results support the proposal that pioglitazone induced AMPK activation stabilizes a novel interaction of TRAP1/HSP75-GLS1 and its downstream signaling leads to improved beta-cell function and survival under high glucose conditions.	Pioglitazone	52-64	TNF receptor associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	129-134
34107382-9	2021	Altogether, these results support the proposal that pioglitazone induced AMPK activation stabilizes a novel interaction of TRAP1/HSP75-GLS1 and its downstream signaling leads to improved beta-cell function and survival under high glucose conditions.	Pioglitazone	52-64	glutaminase	Homo sapiens	135-139
34412637-4	2021	Here we show that administration of the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone 6 or 8 h after infection of mice with a highly virulent strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae via the airways results in reduced cytokine and myeloperoxidase levels in the lungs at 24 h after infection, as well as reduced bacterial growth in the lungs and decreased dissemination to distant organs at 42 h post-infection.	Pioglitazone	59-71	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	40-50
34558836-0	2021	Two Faces of Pioglitazone: Sorting Out the Roles of its PPARgamma Binding Versus Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier Inhibition Is Not So Simple.	Pioglitazone	13-25	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	56-65
34522221-4	2021	Methods: Serial TSPO-PET was performed during five months of chronic microglia modulation by stimulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma with pioglitazone in two different mouse models of AD (PS2APP, AppNL-G-F ).	Pioglitazone	173-185	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	112-167
34522221-8	2021	Results: Pioglitazone-treated female PS2APP and AppNL-G-F mice showed attenuation of the longitudinal increases in TSPO-PET signal when compared to vehicle controls, whereas treated male AppNL-G-F mice showed the opposite effect.	Pioglitazone	9-21	translocator protein	Mus musculus	115-119
34404415-4	2021	Therefore administration of insulin-sensitizing drugs such as pioglitazone can be used for ovulation stimulation in PCO patients.	Pioglitazone	62-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
34311022-9	2021	CONCLUSIONS: one-year treatment with pioglitazone even at low dosage significantly improved liver steatosis and inflammation, systemic and adipose tissue insulin resistance in patients with T2D.	Pioglitazone	37-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	154-161
34311022-7	2021	Indices of insulin resistance decreased after pioglitazone, but not after sulphonylureas: -0.95+-4.57 vs. 0.37+-3.34 for HOMA-IR, p=0.032; -1.25+-4.11 vs. 1.36+-5.43 for ADIPO-IR, p=0.001; -0.53+-1.88 vs. 0.03+-2.36 for VAI, p=0.074.	Pioglitazone	46-58	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
34511850-3	2021	While the newer sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist drug classes have confirmed cardiovascular benefits, pioglitazone also has been shown to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events, in both people with type 2 diabetes and nondiabetic subjects with insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	155-167	insulin	Homo sapiens	301-308
34185201-5	2021	The other major area of exploration in the present review is based on the new targets for the modulation of fetuin-A, like calorie restriction and novel pharmacological agents, such as rosuvastatin, metformin, and pioglitazone which are successfully implicated in the management of various liver-related complications.	Pioglitazone	214-226	alpha 2-HS glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	108-116
34193599-5	2021	Furthermore, we postulated that pharmacologic PPARgamma activation with pioglitazone would inhibit C/EBPbeta and attenuate alcohol-induced AM dysfunction.	Pioglitazone	72-84	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	46-55
34193599-5	2021	Furthermore, we postulated that pharmacologic PPARgamma activation with pioglitazone would inhibit C/EBPbeta and attenuate alcohol-induced AM dysfunction.	Pioglitazone	72-84	CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha	Homo sapiens	99-108
34302533-2	2021	Due to remaining of leukemic quiescent cells that are not affected by tyrosine kinase inhibitors, it has been suggested the use of pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, together with imatinib as a strategy for the maintenance of deep molecular response.	Pioglitazone	131-143	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	147-156
34349671-8	2021	Pioglitazone also decreased the mRNA expression of TNF-alpha and MCP-1 in the renal tissue.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	51-60
34349671-8	2021	Pioglitazone also decreased the mRNA expression of TNF-alpha and MCP-1 in the renal tissue.	Pioglitazone	0-12	mast cell protease 1-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-70
34243632-2	2021	Moreover, PPARgamma agonists, such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, are used in the treatment of various diseases, e.g. diabetes (type II), atherosclerosis, inflammatory skin disease, and some types of cancers.	Pioglitazone	38-50	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	10-19
34059612-6	2021	Hypoglycaemic agents, such as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone and the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, reduce cardiovascular risk and may improve liver histology.	Pioglitazone	91-103	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	34-82
34128467-6	2021	A peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) competitive binding assay showed that XN and TXN bind to PPARgamma with an IC50 similar to pioglitazone and 8-10 times stronger than oleate.	Pioglitazone	154-166	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	120-129
34194324-0	2021	Pioglitazone Inhibits Diabetes-Induced Atrial Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Improves Mitochondrial Biogenesis, Dynamics, and Function Through the PPAR-gamma/PGC-1alpha Signaling Pathway.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	151-161
34194324-2	2021	This remodeling can be prevented by the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.	Pioglitazone	59-71	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	40-50
34194324-13	2021	The pioglitazone group showed a reversal of structural remodeling and a lower incidence of inducible AF, which were associated with higher PPAR-gamma and PGC-1alpha.	Pioglitazone	4-16	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	139-149
34194324-18	2021	Pioglitazone prevented these abnormalities through the PPAR-gamma/PGC-1alpha pathway.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	55-65
34208374-1	2021	Previous studies have demonstrated that pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, inhibits ischemia-induced brain injury.	Pioglitazone	40-52	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	56-104
34208374-1	2021	Previous studies have demonstrated that pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, inhibits ischemia-induced brain injury.	Pioglitazone	40-52	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	106-115
34208374-9	2021	The neuroprotective effect of pioglitazone against the loss of oligodendrocytes and mitochondrial activity was associated with attenuation of LPS-induced increment of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content, IL-1beta levels and number of activated microglia in neonatal rats.	Pioglitazone	30-42	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	224-232
34208374-10	2021	Our results show that pioglitazone prevents neurobehavioral disturbances induced by systemic LPS exposure in neonatal rats, and its neuroprotective effects are associated with its impact on microglial activation, IL-1beta induction, lipid peroxidation, oligodendrocyte production and mitochondrial activity.	Pioglitazone	22-34	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	213-221
34221378-5	2021	report the results of a single-centre Phase 1b double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist pioglitazone in 18 ADPKD patients.	Pioglitazone	172-184	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	102-150
34211797-2	2021	Meta-analysis suggested that omarigliptin, a long-acting DPP-4 inhibitor, combined with pioglitazone might improve the side effects of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	135-147	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	57-62
34430785-7	2021	Although both stereoisomers inhibit the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier, PXL065 shows limited to no peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) activity, whereas (S)-pioglitazone appears responsible for the PPARgamma activity and associated weight gain.	Pioglitazone	182-194	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	223-232
34221378-5	2021	report the results of a single-centre Phase 1b double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist pioglitazone in 18 ADPKD patients.	Pioglitazone	172-184	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	152-162
34221381-3	2021	Methods: This Phase 1b cross-over study compared the safety of treatment with a low dose (15 mg) of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist pioglitazone or placebo in PKD patients, with each treatment given for 1 year.	Pioglitazone	174-186	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	104-152
34221381-3	2021	Methods: This Phase 1b cross-over study compared the safety of treatment with a low dose (15 mg) of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist pioglitazone or placebo in PKD patients, with each treatment given for 1 year.	Pioglitazone	174-186	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	154-164
34459761-0	2021	ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS OF PIOGLITAZONE EFFECTIVENESS IN TREATMENT OF NAFLD PATIENTS WITH OBESITY AND PPARG RS1801282 (PRO12ALA) GENOTYPE.	Pioglitazone	24-36	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	99-104
34082428-0	2021	Pioglitazone Enhances beta-Arrestin2 Signaling and Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in Classical Insulin Target Tissues.	Pioglitazone	0-12	arrestin, beta 2	Mus musculus	22-36
34082428-2	2021	This study aimed to investigate the effects of pioglitazone as insulin sensitizer on beta-arrestin2 signaling in classical insulin target tissues.	Pioglitazone	47-59	arrestin, beta 2	Mus musculus	85-99
34082428-6	2021	Moreover, pioglitazone significantly increased beta-arrestin2 signaling in all the examined tissues as estimated from significant increases in phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate and phosphorylation of Akt at serine 473 and significant decrease in diacylglycerol level.	Pioglitazone	10-22	arrestin, beta 2	Mus musculus	47-61
34082428-6	2021	Moreover, pioglitazone significantly increased beta-arrestin2 signaling in all the examined tissues as estimated from significant increases in phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate and phosphorylation of Akt at serine 473 and significant decrease in diacylglycerol level.	Pioglitazone	10-22	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	204-207
34082428-8	2021	Pioglitazone increases beta-arrestin2 signaling in the adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle of HFrHFD-fed mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	arrestin, beta 2	Mus musculus	23-37
34459761-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: The aim: To study the association between the effectiveness of treatment with pioglitazone non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with obesity and PPARG rs1801282 (Pro12Ala)-polymorphism in Ukrainians.	Pioglitazone	89-101	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	173-178
34459761-6	2021	There was a significant association between the target CAP reduction achievement and pioglitazone treatment (adjusted odds ratio 0.23, 95% CI 0.07-0.73; p = 0.01) with the CC genotype of PPARG gene (adjusted odds ratio 92.9, 95% CI 7.4-1159; p < 0.001) compared to patients with the CG genotype.	Pioglitazone	85-97	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	187-192
35258780-4	2022	RESULTS: After NAFLD induction, the serum level of IL-10 significantly increased and serum IL-1beta, TNF-alpha levels significantly decreased by injection of both doses of Shilajit and pioglitazone (P<0.05).	Pioglitazone	185-197	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	101-110
35490721-6	2022	The addition of a specific agonist, pioglitazone, activated PPARgamma, which protected neuronal function post-TBI in vivo and increased the viability of ferroptotic neurons in vitro.	Pioglitazone	36-48	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	60-69
35258780-4	2022	RESULTS: After NAFLD induction, the serum level of IL-10 significantly increased and serum IL-1beta, TNF-alpha levels significantly decreased by injection of both doses of Shilajit and pioglitazone (P<0.05).	Pioglitazone	185-197	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	51-56
35258780-4	2022	RESULTS: After NAFLD induction, the serum level of IL-10 significantly increased and serum IL-1beta, TNF-alpha levels significantly decreased by injection of both doses of Shilajit and pioglitazone (P<0.05).	Pioglitazone	185-197	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	91-99
35472412-2	2022	Pioglitazone-induced activation of PPAR-gamma for 12 weeks in db/db obese diabetic mice increases bodyweights and reduces blood glucose levels, but PPAR-gamma inhibition by 2-chloro-5-nitro-N-phenylbenzamide does not alter these parameters; instead, improves testis and epididymis weights and sperm count.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	35-45
35472412-2	2022	Pioglitazone-induced activation of PPAR-gamma for 12 weeks in db/db obese diabetic mice increases bodyweights and reduces blood glucose levels, but PPAR-gamma inhibition by 2-chloro-5-nitro-N-phenylbenzamide does not alter these parameters; instead, improves testis and epididymis weights and sperm count.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	148-158
35553009-4	2022	The PPARgamma effect of TEL was affirmed by using the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (PIO), and the antagonist GW9662.	Pioglitazone	72-84	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	4-13
35553009-4	2022	The PPARgamma effect of TEL was affirmed by using the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (PIO), and the antagonist GW9662.	Pioglitazone	72-84	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	54-63
35553009-4	2022	The PPARgamma effect of TEL was affirmed by using the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (PIO), and the antagonist GW9662.	Pioglitazone	86-89	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	4-13
35553009-4	2022	The PPARgamma effect of TEL was affirmed by using the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (PIO), and the antagonist GW9662.	Pioglitazone	86-89	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	54-63
35581905-8	2022	Unexpectedly, subjects in Group 1 had better response to combination therapy with pioglitazone plus exenatide than with insulin therapy or metformin sequentially followed by glipizide and basal insulin, while subjects in group 2 responded equally well to both therapies despite very severe insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	82-94	insulin	Homo sapiens	290-297
35183762-5	2022	The high expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) at the NASH site enables the gelatin nanoparticles to intelligently respond to degradation and then release vitamin E and pioglitazone for drug treatment.	Pioglitazone	180-192	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Rattus norvegicus	23-49
35183762-5	2022	The high expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) at the NASH site enables the gelatin nanoparticles to intelligently respond to degradation and then release vitamin E and pioglitazone for drug treatment.	Pioglitazone	180-192	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Rattus norvegicus	51-56
35628311-2	2022	Having regard for the fact that PPARgamma are widely distributed in the brain and PPARgamma ligands may regulate the inflammatory process, the anti-inflammatory potential of the PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, was assessed in a mouse model of neuroinflammation related with diabetes.	Pioglitazone	197-209	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	82-91
35577556-9	2022	In the late-luteal phase, the proteins SPTAN1, GOLGB1, TP53BP1, MATR3, RRBP1 and SRRT were upregulated by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	106-118	spectrin alpha, non-erythrocytic 1	Homo sapiens	39-45
35577556-9	2022	In the late-luteal phase, the proteins SPTAN1, GOLGB1, TP53BP1, MATR3, RRBP1 and SRRT were upregulated by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	106-118	golgin B1	Homo sapiens	47-53
35577556-9	2022	In the late-luteal phase, the proteins SPTAN1, GOLGB1, TP53BP1, MATR3, RRBP1 and SRRT were upregulated by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	106-118	tumor protein p53 binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	55-62
35577556-9	2022	In the late-luteal phase, the proteins SPTAN1, GOLGB1, TP53BP1, MATR3, RRBP1 and SRRT were upregulated by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	106-118	matrin 3	Homo sapiens	64-69
35577556-9	2022	In the late-luteal phase, the proteins SPTAN1, GOLGB1, TP53BP1, MATR3, RRBP1 and SRRT were upregulated by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	106-118	ribosome binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	71-76
35577556-9	2022	In the late-luteal phase, the proteins SPTAN1, GOLGB1, TP53BP1, MATR3, RRBP1 and SRRT were upregulated by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	106-118	serrate, RNA effector molecule	Homo sapiens	81-85
35628311-2	2022	Having regard for the fact that PPARgamma are widely distributed in the brain and PPARgamma ligands may regulate the inflammatory process, the anti-inflammatory potential of the PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, was assessed in a mouse model of neuroinflammation related with diabetes.	Pioglitazone	197-209	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	178-187
35628311-6	2022	A 14-day treatment with pioglitazone significantly decreased IL-6 and TNFalpha levels in the prefrontal cortex and led to the downregulation of Tnfrsf1a expression and the upregulation of Cav1 expression in both brain regions of diabetic mice.	Pioglitazone	24-36	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	61-65
35628311-6	2022	A 14-day treatment with pioglitazone significantly decreased IL-6 and TNFalpha levels in the prefrontal cortex and led to the downregulation of Tnfrsf1a expression and the upregulation of Cav1 expression in both brain regions of diabetic mice.	Pioglitazone	24-36	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	70-78
35628311-6	2022	A 14-day treatment with pioglitazone significantly decreased IL-6 and TNFalpha levels in the prefrontal cortex and led to the downregulation of Tnfrsf1a expression and the upregulation of Cav1 expression in both brain regions of diabetic mice.	Pioglitazone	24-36	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1a	Mus musculus	144-152
35628311-6	2022	A 14-day treatment with pioglitazone significantly decreased IL-6 and TNFalpha levels in the prefrontal cortex and led to the downregulation of Tnfrsf1a expression and the upregulation of Cav1 expression in both brain regions of diabetic mice.	Pioglitazone	24-36	caveolin 1, caveolae protein	Mus musculus	188-192
35553637-6	2022	This pro-inflammatory effect was accompanied by increased expression of Hk2 and Pfkfb3 genes encoding rate-limiting enzymes of glycolysis; concurrently, the expression of Sdha, important for maintaining metabolite flux in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, was reduced in bronchial epithelial cells of pioglitazone treated-mice.	Pioglitazone	297-309	succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A, flavoprotein (Fp)	Mus musculus	171-175
35354667-6	2022	GW9662, a PPARgamma antagonist, completely blocked pioglitazone (PPARgamma agonist)-induced adiponectin secretion and mRNA expression, whereas it unexpectedly blocked neither telmisartan- nor irbesartan-induced adiponectin secretion and mRNA expression, but rather increased them.	Pioglitazone	51-63	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	92-103
35189097-4	2022	This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, on the macrophage phenotype and fibrosis following vocal fold injury in rats.	Pioglitazone	44-56	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	60-69
35550871-6	2022	In addition, treatment white adipocytes with pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, dramatically upregulated miR-182-5p levels.	Pioglitazone	45-57	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	61-70
35550871-6	2022	In addition, treatment white adipocytes with pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, dramatically upregulated miR-182-5p levels.	Pioglitazone	45-57	microRNA 182	Mus musculus	105-112
35510808-13	2022	PXL065 was confirmed to lack PPARgamma agonism but retained ACSL4 activity of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	78-90	acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4	Homo sapiens	60-65
35505269-1	2022	Previous studies have confirmed that both recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma (PPARgamma) activator pioglitazone can protect senescent nerve cells, and their mechanisms involve enhancing cell antioxidant capacity and reducing cell apoptosis.	Pioglitazone	159-171	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	87-136
35505269-1	2022	Previous studies have confirmed that both recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma (PPARgamma) activator pioglitazone can protect senescent nerve cells, and their mechanisms involve enhancing cell antioxidant capacity and reducing cell apoptosis.	Pioglitazone	159-171	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	138-147
35189097-7	2022	The results revealed that pioglitazone reduced the expression of Ccl2 both in vivo and in vitro.	Pioglitazone	26-38	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
35189097-8	2022	Furthermore, pioglitazone decreased the density of inducible nitric oxide synthase+ CD68+ macrophages and inhibited the expression of fibrosis-related factors on day 4 after injury.	Pioglitazone	13-25	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	51-82
35189097-8	2022	Furthermore, pioglitazone decreased the density of inducible nitric oxide synthase+ CD68+ macrophages and inhibited the expression of fibrosis-related factors on day 4 after injury.	Pioglitazone	13-25	Cd68 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
35189097-9	2022	On day 56 after injury, pioglitazone inhibited fibrosis, tissue contracture, and hyaluronic acid loss in a PPARgamma-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	24-36	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	107-116
35434067-4	2022	CASE SUMMARY: We present the rare case of a female patient aged 11 years and 9 mo with type A insulin resistance and an INSR heterozygous mutation (c.3614C>T), who was treated with a combination of pioglitazone and flutamide.	Pioglitazone	198-210	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	120-124
35349953-2	2022	This study aims to investigate effects of 2 levels of pioglitazone (PIO) supplementation on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) expression, semen quality, and fertility parameters of aged broiler breeder roosters.	Pioglitazone	54-66	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	92-140
35349953-2	2022	This study aims to investigate effects of 2 levels of pioglitazone (PIO) supplementation on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) expression, semen quality, and fertility parameters of aged broiler breeder roosters.	Pioglitazone	54-66	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	142-152
35349953-2	2022	This study aims to investigate effects of 2 levels of pioglitazone (PIO) supplementation on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) expression, semen quality, and fertility parameters of aged broiler breeder roosters.	Pioglitazone	68-71	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	92-140
35517804-6	2022	Primary rat hippocampal neurons were treated with heme (50 muM) and erastin (50 muM) to induce ferroptosis, followed by the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (PDZ, 10 muM) to verify the inhibitory effect of PPARgamma activation on ferroptosis.	Pioglitazone	142-154	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	124-133
35431893-1	2022	We undertook longitudinal beta-amyloid positron emission tomography (Abeta-PET) imaging as a translational tool for monitoring of chronic treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone in Abeta model mice.	Pioglitazone	226-238	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	157-205
35431893-1	2022	We undertook longitudinal beta-amyloid positron emission tomography (Abeta-PET) imaging as a translational tool for monitoring of chronic treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone in Abeta model mice.	Pioglitazone	226-238	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	207-216
35431893-6	2022	Surprisingly, Abeta-PET and immunohistochemistry revealed a shift toward higher fibrillary composition of Abeta-plaques during upon chronic pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	140-152	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	14-19
35431893-6	2022	Surprisingly, Abeta-PET and immunohistochemistry revealed a shift toward higher fibrillary composition of Abeta-plaques during upon chronic pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	140-152	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	106-111
35434067-6	2022	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone attenuated insulin resistance in this patient with TAIRS, and flutamide ameliorated masculinization.	Pioglitazone	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	36-43
35280867-13	2022	Semaglutide, pioglitazone, and dapagliflozin were superior to placebo in decreasing the AST level.	Pioglitazone	13-25	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	88-91
35433953-5	2022	GW9662 and pioglitazone were applied to inhibit and activate the PPARgamma, respectively.	Pioglitazone	11-23	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	65-74
35051861-13	2022	Isometric force measurements showed that activating PPARgamma by pioglitazone (10 mg/kg/d, intragastric administration) improved the impairment of coronary artery vasodilation, and western blot analysis showed that activating PPARgamma increased the Kv 1.2 and Kv 1.5 protein expression, while inhibiting PPARgamma by GW9662 (10 mg/kg/d, intraperitoneal injection) attenuated these effects in ZDF rats.	Pioglitazone	65-77	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	52-61
35051861-13	2022	Isometric force measurements showed that activating PPARgamma by pioglitazone (10 mg/kg/d, intragastric administration) improved the impairment of coronary artery vasodilation, and western blot analysis showed that activating PPARgamma increased the Kv 1.2 and Kv 1.5 protein expression, while inhibiting PPARgamma by GW9662 (10 mg/kg/d, intraperitoneal injection) attenuated these effects in ZDF rats.	Pioglitazone	65-77	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	226-235
35051861-13	2022	Isometric force measurements showed that activating PPARgamma by pioglitazone (10 mg/kg/d, intragastric administration) improved the impairment of coronary artery vasodilation, and western blot analysis showed that activating PPARgamma increased the Kv 1.2 and Kv 1.5 protein expression, while inhibiting PPARgamma by GW9662 (10 mg/kg/d, intraperitoneal injection) attenuated these effects in ZDF rats.	Pioglitazone	65-77	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Rattus norvegicus	261-267
35051861-13	2022	Isometric force measurements showed that activating PPARgamma by pioglitazone (10 mg/kg/d, intragastric administration) improved the impairment of coronary artery vasodilation, and western blot analysis showed that activating PPARgamma increased the Kv 1.2 and Kv 1.5 protein expression, while inhibiting PPARgamma by GW9662 (10 mg/kg/d, intraperitoneal injection) attenuated these effects in ZDF rats.	Pioglitazone	65-77	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	305-314
35450368-1	2022	Thiazolidinedione PPARgamma agonists such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are effective antidiabetic drugs, but side effects have limited their use.	Pioglitazone	63-75	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	18-27
35337139-0	2022	Pioglitazone Synthetic Analogue Ameliorates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus through Modulation of ACE 2/Angiotensin 1-7 via PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway.	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensin I converting enzyme 2	Rattus norvegicus	107-112
35337139-0	2022	Pioglitazone Synthetic Analogue Ameliorates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus through Modulation of ACE 2/Angiotensin 1-7 via PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway.	Pioglitazone	0-12	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
35337139-0	2022	Pioglitazone Synthetic Analogue Ameliorates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus through Modulation of ACE 2/Angiotensin 1-7 via PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway.	Pioglitazone	0-12	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	142-146
35337139-3	2022	The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of a synthetic pioglitazone analogue (benzenesulfonamide derivative) compared to the standard pioglitazone hypoglycemic drug on enhancing liver insulin sensitivity via ACE 2/Ang (1-7)/PI3K/AKT/mTOR in experimental STZ-induced diabetes.	Pioglitazone	62-74	angiotensin I converting enzyme 2	Rattus norvegicus	215-220
35337139-3	2022	The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of a synthetic pioglitazone analogue (benzenesulfonamide derivative) compared to the standard pioglitazone hypoglycemic drug on enhancing liver insulin sensitivity via ACE 2/Ang (1-7)/PI3K/AKT/mTOR in experimental STZ-induced diabetes.	Pioglitazone	62-74	angiogenin	Rattus norvegicus	221-229
35337139-3	2022	The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of a synthetic pioglitazone analogue (benzenesulfonamide derivative) compared to the standard pioglitazone hypoglycemic drug on enhancing liver insulin sensitivity via ACE 2/Ang (1-7)/PI3K/AKT/mTOR in experimental STZ-induced diabetes.	Pioglitazone	62-74	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	236-239
35337139-3	2022	The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of a synthetic pioglitazone analogue (benzenesulfonamide derivative) compared to the standard pioglitazone hypoglycemic drug on enhancing liver insulin sensitivity via ACE 2/Ang (1-7)/PI3K/AKT/mTOR in experimental STZ-induced diabetes.	Pioglitazone	62-74	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	240-244
35310946-4	2022	Although both GQ-16 and pioglitazone restore glomerular-Nphs1, hepatic-Pcsk9 and serum-cholesterol, only GQ-16 restores glomerular-Nrf2, and reduces hypoalbuminemia and hypercoagulopathy.	Pioglitazone	24-36	NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin	Homo sapiens	56-61
35310946-4	2022	Although both GQ-16 and pioglitazone restore glomerular-Nphs1, hepatic-Pcsk9 and serum-cholesterol, only GQ-16 restores glomerular-Nrf2, and reduces hypoalbuminemia and hypercoagulopathy.	Pioglitazone	24-36	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9	Homo sapiens	71-76
35310946-6	2022	Pioglitazone but not GQ-16 induces more lipid accumulation and aP2 in adipocytes and white adipose tissue.	Pioglitazone	0-12	transcription factor AP-2 alpha	Homo sapiens	63-66
35280867-14	2022	Tofogliflozin and pioglitazone induced a significantly higher decrease in the K-18 level than a placebo.	Pioglitazone	18-30	keratin 18	Homo sapiens	78-82
35280867-20	2022	Pioglitazone induced a significantly higher decrease in the GGT level than ipragliflozin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	60-63
35280867-22	2022	Tofogliflozin and pioglitazone induced a significantly higher decrease in the K-18 level than dulaglutide.	Pioglitazone	18-30	keratin 18	Homo sapiens	78-82
35072290-0	2022	PPAR-gamma Agonist Pioglitazone Alleviates Inflammatory Response Induced by Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in Osteoblast Cells.	Pioglitazone	19-31	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-10
35204782-3	2022	Pioglitazone is an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) whose pleiotrophic activities include modulation of cellular energy metabolism and reduction in inflammation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	34-82
35204782-3	2022	Pioglitazone is an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) whose pleiotrophic activities include modulation of cellular energy metabolism and reduction in inflammation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	84-93
35014161-7	2022	In addition, insulin sensitizers such as PPARgamma (pioglitazone) and pan-PPARs agonists (lanifibranor) have shown some beneficial effects on both NASH and liver fibrosis.	Pioglitazone	52-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
35014161-7	2022	In addition, insulin sensitizers such as PPARgamma (pioglitazone) and pan-PPARs agonists (lanifibranor) have shown some beneficial effects on both NASH and liver fibrosis.	Pioglitazone	52-64	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	41-50
35072290-8	2022	In contrast, PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone antagonized the effect of LPS treatment in MC3T3-E1 cells.	Pioglitazone	32-44	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	13-23
35038927-6	2022	Most importantly, ferroptosis inhibitors, including two FDA-approved drugs, rosiglitazone (ROSI; ACSL4 inhibitor) and pioglitazone (PIO; ACSL4 inhibitor), decreased the viral load of human enteroviruses and coronaviruses, suggesting that ACSL4 is a target for counteracting viral infection.	Pioglitazone	118-130	acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4	Homo sapiens	137-142
35204074-0	2022	Prophylactic and Ameliorative Effects of PPAR-gamma Agonist Pioglitazone in Improving Oxidative Stress, Germ Cell Apoptosis and Inflammation in Gentamycin-Induced Testicular Damage in Adult Male Albino Rats.	Pioglitazone	60-72	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	41-51
35204074-2	2022	Pioglitazone (PIO) is one of the PPAR-gamma agonists, having anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
35204074-2	2022	Pioglitazone (PIO) is one of the PPAR-gamma agonists, having anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
35042967-0	2022	Retraction Note: Carvacrol and PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, affects inhaled paraquat-induced lung injury in rats.	Pioglitazone	50-62	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	31-40
35038927-6	2022	Most importantly, ferroptosis inhibitors, including two FDA-approved drugs, rosiglitazone (ROSI; ACSL4 inhibitor) and pioglitazone (PIO; ACSL4 inhibitor), decreased the viral load of human enteroviruses and coronaviruses, suggesting that ACSL4 is a target for counteracting viral infection.	Pioglitazone	118-130	acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4	Homo sapiens	238-243
35111067-2	2021	In this study, we found that PPARgamma ligands (rosiglitazone or pioglitazone) increased NGBR expression in hepatic cells and HUVECs.	Pioglitazone	65-77	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	29-38
35111067-2	2021	In this study, we found that PPARgamma ligands (rosiglitazone or pioglitazone) increased NGBR expression in hepatic cells and HUVECs.	Pioglitazone	65-77	NUS1 dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase subunit	Mus musculus	89-93
35111067-4	2021	In vivo, using liver-specific PPARgamma deficient (PPARgammaLKO) mice, we identified the key role of PPARgamma expression in pioglitazone-induced NGBR expression.	Pioglitazone	125-137	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	30-39
35111067-4	2021	In vivo, using liver-specific PPARgamma deficient (PPARgammaLKO) mice, we identified the key role of PPARgamma expression in pioglitazone-induced NGBR expression.	Pioglitazone	125-137	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	101-110
35111067-4	2021	In vivo, using liver-specific PPARgamma deficient (PPARgammaLKO) mice, we identified the key role of PPARgamma expression in pioglitazone-induced NGBR expression.	Pioglitazone	125-137	NUS1 dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase subunit	Mus musculus	146-150
35059243-3	2022	Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) can specifically treat insulin resistance and improve metabolic syndrome, including rosiglitazone, troglitazone and pioglitazone, which are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists.	Pioglitazone	142-154	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
35012639-8	2022	Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist used to treat type 2 diabetes, and propensity score matching cohort studies confirmed its association with reduced risk of AD in comparison to glipizide (HR = 0.921, 95% CI 0.862-0.984, P = 0.0159), an insulin secretagogue that is also used to treat type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	18-60
35012639-8	2022	Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist used to treat type 2 diabetes, and propensity score matching cohort studies confirmed its association with reduced risk of AD in comparison to glipizide (HR = 0.921, 95% CI 0.862-0.984, P = 0.0159), an insulin secretagogue that is also used to treat type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	62-66
35012639-9	2022	In vitro experiments showed that pioglitazone downregulated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3beta) and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK5) in human microglia cells, supporting a possible mechanism-of-action for its beneficial effect in AD.	Pioglitazone	33-45	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	60-91
35012639-9	2022	In vitro experiments showed that pioglitazone downregulated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3beta) and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK5) in human microglia cells, supporting a possible mechanism-of-action for its beneficial effect in AD.	Pioglitazone	33-45	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	93-101
35012639-9	2022	In vitro experiments showed that pioglitazone downregulated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3beta) and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK5) in human microglia cells, supporting a possible mechanism-of-action for its beneficial effect in AD.	Pioglitazone	33-45	cyclin dependent kinase 5	Homo sapiens	132-136
35013417-2	2022	Pioglitazone (PGZ), a thiazolidinedione (TZD) that acts via peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is the only agent that has shown consistent benefit and efficacy in clinical trials.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	60-108
35013417-2	2022	Pioglitazone (PGZ), a thiazolidinedione (TZD) that acts via peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is the only agent that has shown consistent benefit and efficacy in clinical trials.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	110-119
35013417-2	2022	Pioglitazone (PGZ), a thiazolidinedione (TZD) that acts via peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is the only agent that has shown consistent benefit and efficacy in clinical trials.	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	60-108
35013417-2	2022	Pioglitazone (PGZ), a thiazolidinedione (TZD) that acts via peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is the only agent that has shown consistent benefit and efficacy in clinical trials.	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	110-119
35059243-3	2022	Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) can specifically treat insulin resistance and improve metabolic syndrome, including rosiglitazone, troglitazone and pioglitazone, which are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists.	Pioglitazone	142-154	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	166-208
35059243-3	2022	Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) can specifically treat insulin resistance and improve metabolic syndrome, including rosiglitazone, troglitazone and pioglitazone, which are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists.	Pioglitazone	142-154	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	210-214
33894214-0	2021	Dose-dependent effects of prenatal exposure of pioglitazone, the PPARgamma agonist, on the hippocampus development and learning and memory performance of rat offspring.	Pioglitazone	47-59	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	65-74
33894214-1	2021	It is known that pioglitazone, defined as a PPARgamma agonist, has neuron-protective properties in nervous system disorders.	Pioglitazone	17-29	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	44-53
34009030-11	2021	High-fat diet, with and without pioglitazone, had tissue-specific effects on insulin receptor mRNA expression.	Pioglitazone	32-44	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	77-93
33834866-4	2021	Ex vivo, recombinant periostin accelerated thoracic aortas calcification, increased the expression of glycolysis key enzymes, and disturbed the normal oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which could be alleviated by the peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	290-302	periostin	Homo sapiens	21-30
33836209-8	2021	Further application of PPAR-gamma agonist (pioglitazone) and antagonist (GW9662) in H9C2 cells revealed that the up-regulation of PPAR-gamma expression induced by T-2 toxin is a self-preservation phenomenon, and increasing exogenous PPAR-gamma can alleviate the increase in TGF-beta1 caused by T-2 toxin, thereby playing a role in relieving cardiac fibrosis.	Pioglitazone	43-55	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
33836209-8	2021	Further application of PPAR-gamma agonist (pioglitazone) and antagonist (GW9662) in H9C2 cells revealed that the up-regulation of PPAR-gamma expression induced by T-2 toxin is a self-preservation phenomenon, and increasing exogenous PPAR-gamma can alleviate the increase in TGF-beta1 caused by T-2 toxin, thereby playing a role in relieving cardiac fibrosis.	Pioglitazone	43-55	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
34043126-10	2021	In addition, RBE and pioglitazone significantly increased PPAR-gamma expression and reduced Abeta42 deposition as well as p-tau protein levels.	Pioglitazone	21-33	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	58-68
34006325-1	2021	Since 1985, the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone has been widely used as an insulin sensitizer drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Pioglitazone	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
34022606-2	2021	Pioglitazone, a Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, is widely used for treating patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	16-64
34022606-2	2021	Pioglitazone, a Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, is widely used for treating patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	66-76
34022606-6	2021	Four weeks of pioglitazone (10 or 20 mg/kg, daily, from 20- to 24-week-old) treatment alleviated the HFD-induced glucose-metabolic dysfunctions, upregulation of ventral hippocampal GFAP, reduction of the total process lengths and the number of branch points of the ventral hippocampal CA1 GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes and depressive phenotypes but had no effect on anxiety-like behaviors or hippocampus-related learning and memory in mice.	Pioglitazone	14-26	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Mus musculus	181-185
34022606-6	2021	Four weeks of pioglitazone (10 or 20 mg/kg, daily, from 20- to 24-week-old) treatment alleviated the HFD-induced glucose-metabolic dysfunctions, upregulation of ventral hippocampal GFAP, reduction of the total process lengths and the number of branch points of the ventral hippocampal CA1 GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes and depressive phenotypes but had no effect on anxiety-like behaviors or hippocampus-related learning and memory in mice.	Pioglitazone	14-26	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Mus musculus	289-293
34008039-3	2021	The aim of the present study is to repurpose non-oncological drug, i.e., Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, in the treatment of endometrial cancer.	Pioglitazone	73-85	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	89-137
34008039-3	2021	The aim of the present study is to repurpose non-oncological drug, i.e., Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, in the treatment of endometrial cancer.	Pioglitazone	73-85	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	139-149
33864097-0	2021	Neuroprotective and antioxidative effects of pioglitazone in brain tissue adjacent to the ischemic core are mediated by PI3K/Akt and Nrf2/ARE pathways.	Pioglitazone	45-57	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-128
33983968-16	2021	The GRT-pioglitazone-atorvastatin combination therapy downregulated Apoa1 (p = 0.006), whilst upregulating Fasn (p = 0.005), Pparalpha (p = 0.041), and Srebp1 (p = 0.03).	Pioglitazone	8-20	apolipoprotein A-I	Mus musculus	68-73
33983968-16	2021	The GRT-pioglitazone-atorvastatin combination therapy downregulated Apoa1 (p = 0.006), whilst upregulating Fasn (p = 0.005), Pparalpha (p = 0.041), and Srebp1 (p = 0.03).	Pioglitazone	8-20	fatty acid synthase	Mus musculus	107-111
33983968-16	2021	The GRT-pioglitazone-atorvastatin combination therapy downregulated Apoa1 (p = 0.006), whilst upregulating Fasn (p = 0.005), Pparalpha (p = 0.041), and Srebp1 (p = 0.03).	Pioglitazone	8-20	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	125-134
33983968-16	2021	The GRT-pioglitazone-atorvastatin combination therapy downregulated Apoa1 (p = 0.006), whilst upregulating Fasn (p = 0.005), Pparalpha (p = 0.041), and Srebp1 (p = 0.03).	Pioglitazone	8-20	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	152-158
33989565-3	2021	Co-stimulation of PPARgamma with GA and the orthosteric agonist pioglitazone resulted in additive transcriptional activity.	Pioglitazone	64-76	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	18-27
33969534-9	2022	The most affected gene was was itpr1 gene, which was upregulated by pioglitazone and rosiglitazone by 7- and 3.5-fold, respectively.	Pioglitazone	68-80	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	31-36
33969534-10	2022	In addition, pioglitazone caused significant upregulation of (p < 0.05) hamp,ppbp,psma2,sik1,timp1, and ucp1 genes, which were not affected significantly (p > 0.05) by rosiglitazone administration.	Pioglitazone	13-25	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Mus musculus	72-76
33969534-10	2022	In addition, pioglitazone caused significant upregulation of (p < 0.05) hamp,ppbp,psma2,sik1,timp1, and ucp1 genes, which were not affected significantly (p > 0.05) by rosiglitazone administration.	Pioglitazone	13-25	pro-platelet basic protein	Mus musculus	77-81
33969534-10	2022	In addition, pioglitazone caused significant upregulation of (p < 0.05) hamp,ppbp,psma2,sik1,timp1, and ucp1 genes, which were not affected significantly (p > 0.05) by rosiglitazone administration.	Pioglitazone	13-25	proteasome subunit alpha 2	Mus musculus	82-87
33969534-10	2022	In addition, pioglitazone caused significant upregulation of (p < 0.05) hamp,ppbp,psma2,sik1,timp1, and ucp1 genes, which were not affected significantly (p > 0.05) by rosiglitazone administration.	Pioglitazone	13-25	salt inducible kinase 1	Mus musculus	88-92
33969534-10	2022	In addition, pioglitazone caused significant upregulation of (p < 0.05) hamp,ppbp,psma2,sik1,timp1, and ucp1 genes, which were not affected significantly (p > 0.05) by rosiglitazone administration.	Pioglitazone	13-25	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1	Mus musculus	93-98
33969534-10	2022	In addition, pioglitazone caused significant upregulation of (p < 0.05) hamp,ppbp,psma2,sik1,timp1, and ucp1 genes, which were not affected significantly (p > 0.05) by rosiglitazone administration.	Pioglitazone	13-25	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	104-108
33856229-0	2021	Pioglitazone Inhibits Metal Cluster Transfer of mitoNEET by Stabilizing the Labile Fe-N Bond Revealed at Single-Bond Level.	Pioglitazone	0-12	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	48-56
33856229-1	2021	Outer mitochondrial membrane protein mitoNEET (mNT) is a target of the type 2 diabetes drug pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	92-104	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	37-45
33864097-0	2021	Neuroprotective and antioxidative effects of pioglitazone in brain tissue adjacent to the ischemic core are mediated by PI3K/Akt and Nrf2/ARE pathways.	Pioglitazone	45-57	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	133-137
33864097-1	2021	The present study elucidates the neuroprotective mechanisms of the PPARgamma (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) agonist pioglitazone in survival of ischemic neurons following middle cerebral artery occlusion with reperfusion (MCAO).	Pioglitazone	136-148	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	67-76
33864097-1	2021	The present study elucidates the neuroprotective mechanisms of the PPARgamma (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) agonist pioglitazone in survival of ischemic neurons following middle cerebral artery occlusion with reperfusion (MCAO).	Pioglitazone	136-148	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	78-126
33864097-2	2021	Intracerebroventricular infusion of pioglitazone over 5 days before and 24 or 48 h after MCAO alleviated neurological impairments, inhibited apoptosis 24 h, and activated the PI3K/Akt pathway along with increased phosphorylation of Akt (ser473) and GSK-3beta (ser9) in the peri-infarct cortical areas 48 h after MCAO.	Pioglitazone	36-48	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	180-183
33864097-2	2021	Intracerebroventricular infusion of pioglitazone over 5 days before and 24 or 48 h after MCAO alleviated neurological impairments, inhibited apoptosis 24 h, and activated the PI3K/Akt pathway along with increased phosphorylation of Akt (ser473) and GSK-3beta (ser9) in the peri-infarct cortical areas 48 h after MCAO.	Pioglitazone	36-48	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	232-235
33864097-2	2021	Intracerebroventricular infusion of pioglitazone over 5 days before and 24 or 48 h after MCAO alleviated neurological impairments, inhibited apoptosis 24 h, and activated the PI3K/Akt pathway along with increased phosphorylation of Akt (ser473) and GSK-3beta (ser9) in the peri-infarct cortical areas 48 h after MCAO.	Pioglitazone	36-48	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	249-258
33864097-3	2021	In primary cortical neurons, pioglitazone suppressed the glutamate-induced release of lactate dehydrogenase by a PPARgamma-dependent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	29-41	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	113-122
33858491-4	2021	Pioglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, was habitually used for type II diabetes, but recently reported to inhibit metastasis of PCCs.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	28-76
33880995-6	2021	Therefore, we added the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARG) agonist, pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	90-102	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	24-72
33854134-0	2021	Carvacrol and PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, affects inhaled paraquat-induced lung injury in rats.	Pioglitazone	33-45	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	14-23
33854134-6	2021	The synergic effect of carvacrol and pioglitazone suggests PPAR-gamma receptor mediated effects of carvacrol on inhaled PQ-induced lung injury.	Pioglitazone	37-49	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
33880995-6	2021	Therefore, we added the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARG) agonist, pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	90-102	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	74-79
33880995-8	2021	These findings indicate that pioglitazone should be considered as a valid alternative in the treatment of diabetes in BSCL patients.	Pioglitazone	29-41	1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	118-122
33880995-9	2021	To the best of our knowledge, this is the first specific report of successful long-term treatment with pioglitazone in a patient with BSCL.	Pioglitazone	103-115	1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	134-138
33880995-12	2021	When failure to achieve metabolic control with metformin occurs, pioglitazone may be a safe option, lowering insulin resistance and improving both the metabolic control and lipodystrophic phenotype.	Pioglitazone	65-77	insulin	Homo sapiens	109-116
33880995-13	2021	Herein we show that pioglitazone can be a safe and efficient alternative in the long-term treatment of BSCL patients with diabetes.	Pioglitazone	20-32	1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	103-107
33604775-0	2021	Pioglitazone Attenuates Lupus Nephritis Symptoms in Mice by Modulating miR-21-5p/TIMP3 Axis: the Key Role of the Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-gamma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	microRNA 215	Mus musculus	71-80
32216605-4	2021	PPAR-gamma agonists such as Rosiglitazone and Pioglitazone have shown promising results in AD by decreasing neuro-inflammation and restoring glucose dysmetabolism leading to a reduction in neuronal deterioration.	Pioglitazone	46-58	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-10
33571166-7	2021	RESULTS: Treatment with pioglitazone or the combination of pioglitazone and mirabegron increased beige adipose tissue protein marker expression and improved insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis, but neither treatment induced BAT in these obese subjects.	Pioglitazone	24-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	157-164
33571166-7	2021	RESULTS: Treatment with pioglitazone or the combination of pioglitazone and mirabegron increased beige adipose tissue protein marker expression and improved insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis, but neither treatment induced BAT in these obese subjects.	Pioglitazone	59-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	157-164
33359401-4	2021	Insulin sensitization with the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone mitigated pyruvate-driven TCA cycle activity and PDH activation via both allosteric (intracellular pyruvate availability) and covalent (PDK4 and PDP2) mechanisms that were dependent on PPARgamma activity in isolated primary hepatocytes.	Pioglitazone	49-61	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 4	Mus musculus	198-202
33359401-4	2021	Insulin sensitization with the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone mitigated pyruvate-driven TCA cycle activity and PDH activation via both allosteric (intracellular pyruvate availability) and covalent (PDK4 and PDP2) mechanisms that were dependent on PPARgamma activity in isolated primary hepatocytes.	Pioglitazone	49-61	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 2	Mus musculus	207-211
33359401-4	2021	Insulin sensitization with the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone mitigated pyruvate-driven TCA cycle activity and PDH activation via both allosteric (intracellular pyruvate availability) and covalent (PDK4 and PDP2) mechanisms that were dependent on PPARgamma activity in isolated primary hepatocytes.	Pioglitazone	49-61	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	247-256
33638222-4	2021	Pioglitazone has shown promise in secondary stroke prevention for insulin-resistant patients; however, its use is not yet widespread.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
33604775-4	2021	The miR-21-5p level was induced in MRL/lpr mice to confirm the central role of miR-21-5p inhibition in the protective effects of Pg against LN.	Pioglitazone	129-131	microRNA 215	Mus musculus	4-13
33604775-6	2021	Pg inhibited miR-21-5p in renal tissues, which induced the expression of TIMP3.	Pioglitazone	0-2	microRNA 215	Mus musculus	13-22
33604775-6	2021	Pg inhibited miR-21-5p in renal tissues, which induced the expression of TIMP3.	Pioglitazone	0-2	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3	Mus musculus	73-78
33864097-5	2021	Pioglitazone enhanced the expression of the antioxidative transcription factor Nrf2 and its target gene protein, heme oxidase-1, in the peri-infarct area.	Pioglitazone	0-12	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	79-83
33864097-7	2021	We demonstrate in primary cortical neurons from Nrf2 knockout mice that the lack of Nrf2 completely abolished the neuroprotective effects of pioglitazone against oxidative and excitotoxic damage.	Pioglitazone	141-153	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	48-52
33864097-7	2021	We demonstrate in primary cortical neurons from Nrf2 knockout mice that the lack of Nrf2 completely abolished the neuroprotective effects of pioglitazone against oxidative and excitotoxic damage.	Pioglitazone	141-153	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	84-88
33864097-10	2021	Pioglitazone acting on PPARgamma activates PI3K/Akt pathway in ischemic brain tissue.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	23-32
33864097-10	2021	Pioglitazone acting on PPARgamma activates PI3K/Akt pathway in ischemic brain tissue.	Pioglitazone	0-12	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
33864097-11	2021	Pioglitazone activates via Nrf2 the antioxidant defense pathway in injured neurons.	Pioglitazone	0-12	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	27-31
33781257-7	2021	Various cell types, including macrophages, fibroblasts, adipocytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells, were used to test the inhibitory effect of pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, on the expression of elastolytic enzymes.	Pioglitazone	145-157	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	161-170
33781257-8	2021	RESULTS: PPARgamma activation by pioglitazone effectively attenuated arterial stiffening in ob/ob mice.	Pioglitazone	33-45	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	9-18
33781257-10	2021	Pioglitazone treatment attenuated obesity-induced elastin fiber fragmentation and elastolytic activity and ameliorated the obesity-induced upregulation of cathepsin S and metalloproteinase 12, predominantly in the PVAT.	Pioglitazone	0-12	elastin	Mus musculus	50-57
33781257-11	2021	In vitro, pioglitazone downregulated Ctss and Mmp12 in macrophages, fibroblasts, and adipocytes-cell types residing within the adventitia and PVAT.	Pioglitazone	10-22	cathepsin S	Mus musculus	37-41
33781257-11	2021	In vitro, pioglitazone downregulated Ctss and Mmp12 in macrophages, fibroblasts, and adipocytes-cell types residing within the adventitia and PVAT.	Pioglitazone	10-22	matrix metallopeptidase 12	Mus musculus	46-51
33663226-16	2021	Pioglitazone significantly reduced myocardial IR, restored glucose metabolism, and improved cardiac function in pubertal CH animals.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	46-48
33754076-8	2021	Results: The PPARgamma agonists rosiglitazone and pioglitazone blocked glutaminolysis but not glycolysis under Th17-skewing conditions, as indicated by the detection of intracellular lactate and alpha-KG and the fluorescence ratios of BCECF-AM.	Pioglitazone	50-62	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	13-22
33746449-1	2021	Of the currently available drugs tested to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most efficacious drugs are pioglitazone (an insulin sensitizer) and vitamin E (an antioxidant).	Pioglitazone	122-134	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
33746449-2	2021	By targeting insulin resistance, the key pathogenic mechanism underlying metabolic syndrome and NAFLD, pioglitazone maybe the preferred drug to treat NAFLD.	Pioglitazone	103-115	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
33604775-8	2021	The induction of miR-21-5p impaired the effects of Pg, along with the suppression of TIMP3.	Pioglitazone	51-53	microRNA 21a	Mus musculus	17-23
33604775-10	2021	The inhibition of the miR-21-5p by Pg would restore the structure and function of kidneys in LN mice via the activation of PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	35-37	microRNA 21a	Mus musculus	22-28
33604775-10	2021	The inhibition of the miR-21-5p by Pg would restore the structure and function of kidneys in LN mice via the activation of PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	35-37	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	123-132
33604775-0	2021	Pioglitazone Attenuates Lupus Nephritis Symptoms in Mice by Modulating miR-21-5p/TIMP3 Axis: the Key Role of the Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-gamma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3	Mus musculus	81-86
33604775-0	2021	Pioglitazone Attenuates Lupus Nephritis Symptoms in Mice by Modulating miR-21-5p/TIMP3 Axis: the Key Role of the Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-gamma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	127-175
33604775-2	2021	In the current study, the effects of pioglitazone (Pg), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, on LN development were assessed and explained by focusing miR-21-5p/TIMP3 axis.	Pioglitazone	37-49	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	58-106
33604775-2	2021	In the current study, the effects of pioglitazone (Pg), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, on LN development were assessed and explained by focusing miR-21-5p/TIMP3 axis.	Pioglitazone	37-49	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	108-117
33604775-2	2021	In the current study, the effects of pioglitazone (Pg), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, on LN development were assessed and explained by focusing miR-21-5p/TIMP3 axis.	Pioglitazone	37-49	microRNA 215	Mus musculus	186-195
33604775-2	2021	In the current study, the effects of pioglitazone (Pg), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, on LN development were assessed and explained by focusing miR-21-5p/TIMP3 axis.	Pioglitazone	37-49	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3	Mus musculus	196-201
33604775-2	2021	In the current study, the effects of pioglitazone (Pg), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, on LN development were assessed and explained by focusing miR-21-5p/TIMP3 axis.	Pioglitazone	51-53	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	58-106
33583689-0	2021	Corrigendum to "Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligand pioglitazone regulated gene networks in term human primary trophoblast cells" [Reprod.	Pioglitazone	85-97	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	16-64
33583689-0	2021	Corrigendum to "Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligand pioglitazone regulated gene networks in term human primary trophoblast cells" [Reprod.	Pioglitazone	85-97	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	66-76
33623853-1	2021	Pioglitazone is a Food and Drug Administration-approved thiazolidinedione (TZD) derivative and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist and used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM).	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	95-143
33197517-12	2021	Based on the results, we modulated the PPARgamma expression at the transcriptional and translational levels by using 5 different pharmacological molecules (TSA, GW9662, ATRA, FH535, and Pioglitazone) to elucidate their effect on the HOX gene transcription.	Pioglitazone	186-198	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	39-48
33623853-1	2021	Pioglitazone is a Food and Drug Administration-approved thiazolidinedione (TZD) derivative and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist and used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM).	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	145-154
33496997-7	2021	PIO also significantly induced the formation of phosphorylated H2AX and p53 binding protein 1 foci.	Pioglitazone	0-3	H2A.X variant histone	Homo sapiens	63-67
33496997-7	2021	PIO also significantly induced the formation of phosphorylated H2AX and p53 binding protein 1 foci.	Pioglitazone	0-3	tumor protein p53 binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	72-93
33597848-8	2021	To study whether drugs acting on PPARgamma can affect GABARalpha2, we employed pioglitazone that elevated GABARalpha2 expression in primary cultured neurons.	Pioglitazone	79-91	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	33-42
33597848-11	2021	This indicates further that drugs like pioglitazone, widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, can influence GABARalpha2 expression via the PPARgamma/PGC-1alpha system.	Pioglitazone	39-51	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	147-156
33597848-11	2021	This indicates further that drugs like pioglitazone, widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, can influence GABARalpha2 expression via the PPARgamma/PGC-1alpha system.	Pioglitazone	39-51	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	157-167
32827151-12	2021	But when excluding pioglitazone from the analysis, a safety signal for SGLT2is compared with other antidiabetics emerged (ROR, 6.84; 95%CI 5.41-8.65).	Pioglitazone	19-31	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	71-76
32869328-4	2021	A clinical study in healthy subjects (n = 27) evaluated the inhibition of CYP3A4, CYP2C8, and CYP2C9 in vivo by administering single doses of probe CYP substrates (midazolam, pioglitazone, and tolbutamide) alone and in combination with relacorilant (350 mg).	Pioglitazone	175-187	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	74-77
32984914-2	2021	This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of pioglitazone (Pio) and curcumin (Cur) against DCM in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), with pointing to their role on Ca+2/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) expression.	Pioglitazone	68-80	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	242-290
32984914-2	2021	This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of pioglitazone (Pio) and curcumin (Cur) against DCM in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), with pointing to their role on Ca+2/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) expression.	Pioglitazone	68-80	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	292-302
33015747-3	2021	We hence used PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (PIO) to modulate DOX resistance.	Pioglitazone	32-44	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	14-23
33015747-3	2021	We hence used PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (PIO) to modulate DOX resistance.	Pioglitazone	46-49	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	14-23
33952842-12	2021	A peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, pioglitazone hydrochloride attenuated the expression of fibrotic marker such as alpha-SMA and galectin-3 and collagen1 via SAPK/JNK signaling.	Pioglitazone	72-98	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	2-50
33278514-6	2021	We further hypothesized that ethanol increases mitochondrial-derived AM oxidative stress and dysfunction via miR-92a and that treatment with the PPARgamma ligand, pioglitazone, could reverse these derangements.	Pioglitazone	163-175	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	145-154
33278514-9	2021	Transfection with miR-92a mimic in vitro or pioglitazone treatment in vivo diminished Nox4 levels, resulting in improvements in these ethanol-mediated derangements.	Pioglitazone	44-56	NADPH oxidase 4	Mus musculus	86-90
33479386-7	2021	In the browning experiment, pioglitazone, the PPAR-gamma agonist, increased UCP1 mRNA when compared to vehicle (p < 0.01).	Pioglitazone	28-40	uncoupling protein 1	Homo sapiens	76-80
32807067-0	2021	Stimulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma (PPARgamma) using Pioglitazone Decreases the Survival of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells through Up-Regulation of PTEN Expression.	Pioglitazone	82-94	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	15-63
32807067-0	2021	Stimulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma (PPARgamma) using Pioglitazone Decreases the Survival of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells through Up-Regulation of PTEN Expression.	Pioglitazone	82-94	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	65-74
32807067-0	2021	Stimulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma (PPARgamma) using Pioglitazone Decreases the Survival of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells through Up-Regulation of PTEN Expression.	Pioglitazone	82-94	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	181-185
32807067-8	2021	RESULTS: Our results showed that pioglitazone exerted its cytotoxic effect in wild-type PTEN-expressing NB4 cells, but not in leukemic K562 cells harboring mutant PTEN; suggesting that probably this member of TZD drugs induced its antileukemic effects through a PTEN-mediated manner.	Pioglitazone	33-45	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	88-92
32807067-8	2021	RESULTS: Our results showed that pioglitazone exerted its cytotoxic effect in wild-type PTEN-expressing NB4 cells, but not in leukemic K562 cells harboring mutant PTEN; suggesting that probably this member of TZD drugs induced its antileukemic effects through a PTEN-mediated manner.	Pioglitazone	33-45	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	163-167
32807067-8	2021	RESULTS: Our results showed that pioglitazone exerted its cytotoxic effect in wild-type PTEN-expressing NB4 cells, but not in leukemic K562 cells harboring mutant PTEN; suggesting that probably this member of TZD drugs induced its antileukemic effects through a PTEN-mediated manner.	Pioglitazone	33-45	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	163-167
32807067-9	2021	Moreover, we found that not only pioglitazone reduced the survival rate of NB4 through the induction of p21-mediated G1 arrest, also elevated the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which was coupled with upregulated FOXO3a.	Pioglitazone	33-45	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	104-107
32807067-9	2021	Moreover, we found that not only pioglitazone reduced the survival rate of NB4 through the induction of p21-mediated G1 arrest, also elevated the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which was coupled with upregulated FOXO3a.	Pioglitazone	33-45	forkhead box O3	Homo sapiens	234-240
33790079-5	2021	In male Zucker fatty rats, 26v and pioglitazone at 10 and 30 mg/kg for 4 weeks similarly reduced plasma triglyceride levels, increased plasma adiponectin levels, and attenuated increases in plasma glucose levels in the oral glucose tolerance test, while only pioglitazone decreased hematocrit values.	Pioglitazone	35-47	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	142-153
33577036-0	2021	Effects of PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone on cardiac fibrosis in diabetic mice by regulating PTEN/AKT/FAK pathway.	Pioglitazone	29-41	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	98-101
33577036-0	2021	Effects of PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone on cardiac fibrosis in diabetic mice by regulating PTEN/AKT/FAK pathway.	Pioglitazone	29-41	PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2	Mus musculus	102-105
33577036-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the role of pioglitazone (PIO), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, in cardiac fibrosis of diabetic mice.	Pioglitazone	60-72	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	82-130
33577036-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the role of pioglitazone (PIO), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, in cardiac fibrosis of diabetic mice.	Pioglitazone	60-72	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	132-141
33577036-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the role of pioglitazone (PIO), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, in cardiac fibrosis of diabetic mice.	Pioglitazone	74-77	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	82-130
33577036-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the role of pioglitazone (PIO), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, in cardiac fibrosis of diabetic mice.	Pioglitazone	74-77	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	132-141
33952822-6	2021	In ovariectomized rats fed a high-fat diet (OVX/HFD), KY-903 and pioglitazone decreased plasma triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid levels and increased adiponectin levels, indicating insulin sensitization via adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	65-77	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	159-170
33952822-6	2021	In ovariectomized rats fed a high-fat diet (OVX/HFD), KY-903 and pioglitazone decreased plasma triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid levels and increased adiponectin levels, indicating insulin sensitization via adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	65-77	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	216-227
32912770-7	2021	Pioglitazone (SMD -1.01; p<0.001) and GLP-1 agonists (SMD -2.53, p=0.03) also demonstrated significant improvements in liver steatosis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D1 polypeptide	Homo sapiens	14-20
33069434-3	2021	Briefly, we modified the chemical structure of the thiazolidinedione scaffold present in anti-diabetic medications such as pioglitazone, rosiglitazone and the former anti-diabetic drug troglitazone, because these drugs have been reported to exert inhibition of FOXM1 but hit other targets as well.	Pioglitazone	123-135	forkhead box M1	Homo sapiens	261-266
33952842-12	2021	A peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, pioglitazone hydrochloride attenuated the expression of fibrotic marker such as alpha-SMA and galectin-3 and collagen1 via SAPK/JNK signaling.	Pioglitazone	72-98	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	52-61
33952842-12	2021	A peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, pioglitazone hydrochloride attenuated the expression of fibrotic marker such as alpha-SMA and galectin-3 and collagen1 via SAPK/JNK signaling.	Pioglitazone	72-98	actin alpha 1, skeletal muscle	Homo sapiens	152-161
33952842-12	2021	A peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, pioglitazone hydrochloride attenuated the expression of fibrotic marker such as alpha-SMA and galectin-3 and collagen1 via SAPK/JNK signaling.	Pioglitazone	72-98	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	166-176
33952842-12	2021	A peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, pioglitazone hydrochloride attenuated the expression of fibrotic marker such as alpha-SMA and galectin-3 and collagen1 via SAPK/JNK signaling.	Pioglitazone	72-98	mitogen-activated protein kinase 9	Homo sapiens	195-199
33952842-12	2021	A peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, pioglitazone hydrochloride attenuated the expression of fibrotic marker such as alpha-SMA and galectin-3 and collagen1 via SAPK/JNK signaling.	Pioglitazone	72-98	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	200-203
33527053-6	2020	With this review, we attempted to explore whether an antidiabetic drug, pioglitazone (PIO), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) agonist, can defend patients of lichen planus against increased arterial stiffness and cardiac changes.	Pioglitazone	72-84	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	94-142
33527053-6	2020	With this review, we attempted to explore whether an antidiabetic drug, pioglitazone (PIO), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) agonist, can defend patients of lichen planus against increased arterial stiffness and cardiac changes.	Pioglitazone	72-84	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	144-154
33527053-6	2020	With this review, we attempted to explore whether an antidiabetic drug, pioglitazone (PIO), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) agonist, can defend patients of lichen planus against increased arterial stiffness and cardiac changes.	Pioglitazone	86-89	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	94-142
33527053-6	2020	With this review, we attempted to explore whether an antidiabetic drug, pioglitazone (PIO), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) agonist, can defend patients of lichen planus against increased arterial stiffness and cardiac changes.	Pioglitazone	86-89	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	144-154
33519451-0	2020	Pioglitazone-Mediated Attenuation of Experimental Colitis Relies on Cleaving of Annexin A1 Released by Macrophages.	Pioglitazone	0-12	annexin A1	Mus musculus	80-90
33519451-8	2020	Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and inactive 33 kDa AnxA1 levels were increased in the colon of diseased WT mice, which were reduced by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	132-144	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	21-26
33519451-8	2020	Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and inactive 33 kDa AnxA1 levels were increased in the colon of diseased WT mice, which were reduced by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	132-144	annexin A1	Mus musculus	48-53
33519451-9	2020	Cytokine secretion, reactive oxygen species generation and MMP-9 expression caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in AnxA1-expressing RAW 264.7 macrophages were reduced by pioglitazone treatment, effects not detected in AnxA1 knockdown macrophages.	Pioglitazone	179-191	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	59-64
33519451-9	2020	Cytokine secretion, reactive oxygen species generation and MMP-9 expression caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in AnxA1-expressing RAW 264.7 macrophages were reduced by pioglitazone treatment, effects not detected in AnxA1 knockdown macrophages.	Pioglitazone	179-191	annexin A1	Mus musculus	124-129
33519451-9	2020	Cytokine secretion, reactive oxygen species generation and MMP-9 expression caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in AnxA1-expressing RAW 264.7 macrophages were reduced by pioglitazone treatment, effects not detected in AnxA1 knockdown macrophages.	Pioglitazone	179-191	annexin A1	Mus musculus	227-232
33519451-10	2020	LPS-mediated increase of AnxA1 cleaving in RAW 264.7 macrophages was also attenuated by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	88-100	annexin A1	Mus musculus	25-30
33519451-11	2020	Finally, pioglitazone treatment increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in AnxA1-expressing RAW 264.7 macrophages, but not in AnxA1-knockdown macrophages.	Pioglitazone	9-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	42-79
33519451-11	2020	Finally, pioglitazone treatment increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in AnxA1-expressing RAW 264.7 macrophages, but not in AnxA1-knockdown macrophages.	Pioglitazone	9-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	81-84
33519451-11	2020	Finally, pioglitazone treatment increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in AnxA1-expressing RAW 264.7 macrophages, but not in AnxA1-knockdown macrophages.	Pioglitazone	9-21	annexin A1	Mus musculus	105-110
33519451-12	2020	Thus, our data highlight AnxA1 as a crucial factor for the therapeutic actions of pioglitazone on IBDs.	Pioglitazone	82-94	annexin A1	Mus musculus	25-30
33309864-1	2021	Pioglitazone (PGZ), a PPARgamma agonist, has been used for diabetic patients as an insulin-sensitizing agent.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	22-31
33577036-0	2021	Effects of PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone on cardiac fibrosis in diabetic mice by regulating PTEN/AKT/FAK pathway.	Pioglitazone	29-41	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	11-20
33577036-0	2021	Effects of PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone on cardiac fibrosis in diabetic mice by regulating PTEN/AKT/FAK pathway.	Pioglitazone	29-41	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Mus musculus	93-97
33309864-1	2021	Pioglitazone (PGZ), a PPARgamma agonist, has been used for diabetic patients as an insulin-sensitizing agent.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
33309864-1	2021	Pioglitazone (PGZ), a PPARgamma agonist, has been used for diabetic patients as an insulin-sensitizing agent.	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	22-31
33309864-1	2021	Pioglitazone (PGZ), a PPARgamma agonist, has been used for diabetic patients as an insulin-sensitizing agent.	Pioglitazone	14-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
33309864-3	2021	This study was designed to assess the neuroprotective effects of PGZ against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via an APN-related mechanism.	Pioglitazone	65-68	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	121-124
33309864-6	2021	PGZ-administered db/db mice showed improved insulin sensitivity, and the hemorrhagic rate and infarct volume were decreased (P < 0.05).	Pioglitazone	0-3	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
33309864-7	2021	In the PGZ-administered group, plasma APN levels increased compared with the vehicle group.	Pioglitazone	7-10	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	38-41
33456717-1	2020	The present study investigated the terminal differentiation capacity into adipocytes and subsequent growth inhibition in A549 cancer cells treated with pioglitazone (PGZ), a PPARgamma activator.	Pioglitazone	152-164	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	174-183
33456717-1	2020	The present study investigated the terminal differentiation capacity into adipocytes and subsequent growth inhibition in A549 cancer cells treated with pioglitazone (PGZ), a PPARgamma activator.	Pioglitazone	166-169	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	174-183
33456717-5	2020	In addition, the cell size and expression of GLUT4 and PPARgamma were significantly (P < .05) increased, as per increasing PGZ exposure time by up to 4 weeks.	Pioglitazone	123-126	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	45-50
33456717-5	2020	In addition, the cell size and expression of GLUT4 and PPARgamma were significantly (P < .05) increased, as per increasing PGZ exposure time by up to 4 weeks.	Pioglitazone	123-126	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	55-64
33456717-8	2020	The present results have demonstrated that activation of PPARgamma using PGZ induces cellular differentiation into adipocytes and inhibits cell growth in the A549 cancer cells.	Pioglitazone	73-76	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	57-66
33038582-5	2020	Although PPARgamma ligands (thiazolidinediones - rosiglitazone, pioglitazone) promoted apoptosis in LN-18 cells, capsaicin augmented this effect.	Pioglitazone	64-76	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	9-18
33192313-5	2020	Pioglitazone, an oral antidiabetic drug from the class of thiazolidinediones, acts as an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) and is involved in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	104-152
33308138-7	2020	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma is found on the epithelial cells of renal collecting tubule and when it gets agonized by pioglitazone, confers efficacy in ADPKD treatment through multiple mechanisms.	Pioglitazone	142-154	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-52
33172034-5	2020	Subgroup analysis found lower MACCEs risk in the pioglitazone users without insulin therapy (6.44% vs. 10.04% (HR): 0.59, 95% (CI): 0.42-0.82) and lower MACCEs related death (2.76% vs. 3.84% (HR): 0.61, 95% (CI): 0.40-0.95) in the pioglitazone group with dyslipidemia, when comparing with DPP4-inhibitors users.	Pioglitazone	49-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	289-293
32942156-14	2020	Pioglitazone"s analgesic effect was enhanced by Ad-PTEN and attenuated by Ad-antisense PTEN.	Pioglitazone	0-12	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	51-55
32942156-14	2020	Pioglitazone"s analgesic effect was enhanced by Ad-PTEN and attenuated by Ad-antisense PTEN.	Pioglitazone	0-12	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	87-91
32942156-16	2020	15 min prior to pioglitazone) reversed the effects of pioglitazone on BCP and regulations of PPARgamma/PTEN/mTOR signal.	Pioglitazone	16-28	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	93-102
32942156-16	2020	15 min prior to pioglitazone) reversed the effects of pioglitazone on BCP and regulations of PPARgamma/PTEN/mTOR signal.	Pioglitazone	16-28	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	103-107
32942156-16	2020	15 min prior to pioglitazone) reversed the effects of pioglitazone on BCP and regulations of PPARgamma/PTEN/mTOR signal.	Pioglitazone	16-28	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	108-112
32942156-16	2020	15 min prior to pioglitazone) reversed the effects of pioglitazone on BCP and regulations of PPARgamma/PTEN/mTOR signal.	Pioglitazone	54-66	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	93-102
32942156-16	2020	15 min prior to pioglitazone) reversed the effects of pioglitazone on BCP and regulations of PPARgamma/PTEN/mTOR signal.	Pioglitazone	54-66	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	103-107
32942156-16	2020	15 min prior to pioglitazone) reversed the effects of pioglitazone on BCP and regulations of PPARgamma/PTEN/mTOR signal.	Pioglitazone	54-66	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	108-112
32942156-17	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Intrathecal pioglitazone administration alleviates BCP by regulating the PPARgamma/PTEN/mTOR signal in the SDH.	Pioglitazone	25-37	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	86-95
32942156-17	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Intrathecal pioglitazone administration alleviates BCP by regulating the PPARgamma/PTEN/mTOR signal in the SDH.	Pioglitazone	25-37	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	96-100
32942156-17	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Intrathecal pioglitazone administration alleviates BCP by regulating the PPARgamma/PTEN/mTOR signal in the SDH.	Pioglitazone	25-37	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	101-105
32681835-4	2020	tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) and pioglitazone activate the Nrf2 and PPAR-gamma transcription factors, respectively, and both have been shown to be neuroprotective in model systems.	Pioglitazone	34-46	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	60-64
32681835-4	2020	tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) and pioglitazone activate the Nrf2 and PPAR-gamma transcription factors, respectively, and both have been shown to be neuroprotective in model systems.	Pioglitazone	34-46	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	69-79
32610339-1	2021	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is an intracellular transcription factor whose signaling activation by the selective agonist pioglitazone reduces alcohol drinking and alcohol-seeking behavior in rats.	Pioglitazone	154-166	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	0-48
32610339-1	2021	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is an intracellular transcription factor whose signaling activation by the selective agonist pioglitazone reduces alcohol drinking and alcohol-seeking behavior in rats.	Pioglitazone	154-166	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	50-59
33170841-1	2020	Pioglitazone, a therapeutic drug for diabetes, possesses full PPAR-gamma agonist activity and increase circulating adiponectin plasma concentration.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
33170841-1	2020	Pioglitazone, a therapeutic drug for diabetes, possesses full PPAR-gamma agonist activity and increase circulating adiponectin plasma concentration.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	115-126
33170841-11	2020	Adiponectin significantly blunted responses to NA, PE, ME and ANG II in diabetic treated SHRs by 40%, whereas the pioglitazone combined therapy with adiponectin further attenuated the responses to adrenergic agonists by 65%.	Pioglitazone	114-126	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	149-160
33170841-13	2020	These findings suggest that adiponectin possesses renoprotective effects and improves renal haemodynamics through adiponectin receptors and PPAR-gamma in diabetic SHRs, suggesting that synergism exists between adiponectin and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	226-238	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	28-39
33219735-7	2020	A retrospective analysis of the effects of the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (Pio) on longevity showed decreased mortality in patients receiving Pio compared to those receiving a PPARgamma-independent insulin secretagogue glimepiride.	Pioglitazone	65-77	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	47-56
33219735-7	2020	A retrospective analysis of the effects of the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (Pio) on longevity showed decreased mortality in patients receiving Pio compared to those receiving a PPARgamma-independent insulin secretagogue glimepiride.	Pioglitazone	79-82	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	47-56
32942156-0	2020	The analgesic effects of pioglitazone in the bone cancer pain rats via regulating the PPARgamma/PTEN/mTOR signaling pathway in the spinal dorsal horn.	Pioglitazone	25-37	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	86-95
32942156-0	2020	The analgesic effects of pioglitazone in the bone cancer pain rats via regulating the PPARgamma/PTEN/mTOR signaling pathway in the spinal dorsal horn.	Pioglitazone	25-37	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	96-100
32942156-0	2020	The analgesic effects of pioglitazone in the bone cancer pain rats via regulating the PPARgamma/PTEN/mTOR signaling pathway in the spinal dorsal horn.	Pioglitazone	25-37	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	101-105
32942156-2	2020	This study examined whether pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, is effective for attenuating BCP, and investigated the interaction between activation of PPARgamma and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN) / mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) of BCP rats.	Pioglitazone	28-40	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	44-92
32942156-2	2020	This study examined whether pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, is effective for attenuating BCP, and investigated the interaction between activation of PPARgamma and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN) / mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) of BCP rats.	Pioglitazone	28-40	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	94-103
32329963-9	2020	Serum adiponectin level was markedly increased in pioglitazone group compared to other two groups.	Pioglitazone	50-62	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	6-17
33105536-0	2020	Effect of Pioglitazone on Perihematomal Edema in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Mouse Model by Regulating NLRP3 Expression and Energy Metabolism.	Pioglitazone	10-22	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	100-105
33105536-2	2020	Pioglitazone, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist has been shown to play a role in regulation of central nervous system inflammation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	14-62
33105536-11	2020	Expression levels of NLRP3 in the ICH model treated with pioglitazone were decreased more than those of the control mice on days 3 and 7.	Pioglitazone	57-69	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	21-26
33105536-15	2020	Pioglitazone decreased NLRP3-related brain edema and increased anaerobic glycolysis, resulting in the production of lactate in the ICH mice model.	Pioglitazone	0-12	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	23-28
33192313-5	2020	Pioglitazone, an oral antidiabetic drug from the class of thiazolidinediones, acts as an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) and is involved in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	154-164
33192313-9	2020	Pioglitazone treatment resulted in significant repression of interferon (IFN)-alpha and -gamma pathways and downstream cytokines, as assessed by RNA sequencing and quantitative PCR gene expression assays.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interferon alpha	Mus musculus	61-83
33192313-12	2020	These data support our previous results demonstrating significant protection of auditory HCs in the OC explants exposed to pioglitazone and other PPAR-targeted agents.	Pioglitazone	123-135	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	146-150
32750363-0	2020	Pioglitazone ameliorates high fat diet-induced hypertension and induces catechol o-methyl transferase expression in rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	72-101
32750363-7	2020	Most importantly, treatment with PIO ameliorated the HFD-induced metabolic changes, improved the lipid profile, reduced SBP, increased COMT expression, and reduced plasma catecholamines.	Pioglitazone	33-36	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	135-139
32963510-0	2020	Diet Modifies Pioglitazone"s Influence on Hepatic PPARgamma-Regulated Mitochondrial Gene Expression.	Pioglitazone	14-26	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	50-59
33122687-3	2020	The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone on tumor metastasis and liver injury following IRI in a mouse model of colon cancer.	Pioglitazone	75-87	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	57-66
33098389-0	2020	Evaluation of Muc1 Gene Expression at The Time of Implantation in Diabetic Rat Models Treated with Insulin, Metformin and Pioglitazone in The Normal Cycle and Ovulation Induction Cycle.	Pioglitazone	122-134	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
33098389-3	2020	Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impacts of diabetes and insulin, metformin and pioglitazone on Muc1 expression at the time of implantation.	Pioglitazone	94-106	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	110-114
33098389-15	2020	Also, treatment with metformin and pioglitazone can restore Muc1 expression to near normal levels and has beneficial effects on implantation.	Pioglitazone	35-47	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	60-64
32589349-0	2020	Effects of metformin and pioglitazone combination on apoptosis and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in human anaplastic thyroid cancer cells.	Pioglitazone	25-37	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	67-71
32589349-0	2020	Effects of metformin and pioglitazone combination on apoptosis and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in human anaplastic thyroid cancer cells.	Pioglitazone	25-37	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	72-76
32589349-4	2020	We aimed to evaluate the effects of metformin (MET) and pioglitazone (PIO) combination on apoptosis and AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in human anaplastic thyroid cancer cells.	Pioglitazone	56-68	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	133-162
32881246-7	2020	However, PIO decreased the generation of ROS, opening of mPTP, dissipation of MMP and translocation of cytochrome c after cisplatin treatment.	Pioglitazone	9-12	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	103-115
32881246-8	2020	Pioglitazone also reduced the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, lowered the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, attenuated kidney pathological damage and dysfunction, down-regulated the expression of Acetyl-p53, PUMA-alpha and Bax and abated cell apoptosis after cisplatin treatment.	Pioglitazone	0-12	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	44-53
32881246-8	2020	Pioglitazone also reduced the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, lowered the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, attenuated kidney pathological damage and dysfunction, down-regulated the expression of Acetyl-p53, PUMA-alpha and Bax and abated cell apoptosis after cisplatin treatment.	Pioglitazone	0-12	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	58-67
32881246-8	2020	Pioglitazone also reduced the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, lowered the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, attenuated kidney pathological damage and dysfunction, down-regulated the expression of Acetyl-p53, PUMA-alpha and Bax and abated cell apoptosis after cisplatin treatment.	Pioglitazone	0-12	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	90-93
32881246-8	2020	Pioglitazone also reduced the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, lowered the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, attenuated kidney pathological damage and dysfunction, down-regulated the expression of Acetyl-p53, PUMA-alpha and Bax and abated cell apoptosis after cisplatin treatment.	Pioglitazone	0-12	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	94-99
32881246-8	2020	Pioglitazone also reduced the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, lowered the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, attenuated kidney pathological damage and dysfunction, down-regulated the expression of Acetyl-p53, PUMA-alpha and Bax and abated cell apoptosis after cisplatin treatment.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	196-199
32881246-8	2020	Pioglitazone also reduced the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, lowered the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, attenuated kidney pathological damage and dysfunction, down-regulated the expression of Acetyl-p53, PUMA-alpha and Bax and abated cell apoptosis after cisplatin treatment.	Pioglitazone	0-12	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	216-219
33040780-0	2020	Investigating the changes in the levels of HbA1c, blood fat and insulin sensitivity in elder patients with type II diabetes mellitus due to combined medication of pioglitazone and melbine and single-use of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	163-175	insulin	Homo sapiens	64-71
33040780-0	2020	Investigating the changes in the levels of HbA1c, blood fat and insulin sensitivity in elder patients with type II diabetes mellitus due to combined medication of pioglitazone and melbine and single-use of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	206-218	insulin	Homo sapiens	64-71
33040780-1	2020	This study was founded for the purpose investigate the differences in effects of combined medication of pioglitazone and melbine and single-use of pioglitazone on the levels of hba1c, blood fat and insulin sensitivity of elder patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), to provide clinical reference and guidance for the treatment of T2DM in elder patients.	Pioglitazone	104-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	198-205
33040780-1	2020	This study was founded for the purpose investigate the differences in effects of combined medication of pioglitazone and melbine and single-use of pioglitazone on the levels of hba1c, blood fat and insulin sensitivity of elder patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), to provide clinical reference and guidance for the treatment of T2DM in elder patients.	Pioglitazone	147-159	insulin	Homo sapiens	198-205
33040780-8	2020	It is concluded that combined medication of pioglitazone and melbine can effectively reduce the levels of plasma glucose, blood fat and the HOMA-IR, with an elevated sensitivity to insulin, but no severe adverse reactions, manifesting a promising safety in long-term administration.	Pioglitazone	44-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	181-188
32113823-8	2020	In the pioglitazone group, fetuin-A levels also decreased after 24 weeks (659.3+-111.8 vs. 538.1+- 101.0mug/mL, P<0.05) but not to the level of the liraglutide group.	Pioglitazone	7-19	alpha 2-HS glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	27-35
32881246-0	2020	Pioglitazone alleviates cisplatin nephrotoxicity by suppressing mitochondria-mediated apoptosis via SIRT1/p53 signalling.	Pioglitazone	0-12	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	100-105
32881246-0	2020	Pioglitazone alleviates cisplatin nephrotoxicity by suppressing mitochondria-mediated apoptosis via SIRT1/p53 signalling.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	106-109
32881246-6	2020	Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased cell viability, promoted SIRT1-p53 interaction, upregulated Bcl-2 expression, activated SIRT1 and elevated mitochondrial ATP synthesis after cisplatin treatment.	Pioglitazone	0-12	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	72-77
32881246-6	2020	Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased cell viability, promoted SIRT1-p53 interaction, upregulated Bcl-2 expression, activated SIRT1 and elevated mitochondrial ATP synthesis after cisplatin treatment.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	78-81
32881246-6	2020	Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased cell viability, promoted SIRT1-p53 interaction, upregulated Bcl-2 expression, activated SIRT1 and elevated mitochondrial ATP synthesis after cisplatin treatment.	Pioglitazone	0-12	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	107-112
32881246-6	2020	Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased cell viability, promoted SIRT1-p53 interaction, upregulated Bcl-2 expression, activated SIRT1 and elevated mitochondrial ATP synthesis after cisplatin treatment.	Pioglitazone	0-12	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	135-140
32676772-3	2020	Recent studies support a role of PPARs in alcoholism and pioglitazone: a PPARgamma agonist used for treatment of type 2 diabetes showed efficacy in reducing alcohol drinking, stress-induced relapse, and alcohol withdrawal syndrome in rats.	Pioglitazone	57-69	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	73-82
32676772-6	2020	Pre-treatment with the selective PPARgamma antagonist GW9662 (5 mg/kg) completely prevented the effect of pioglitazone, demonstrating that its action is specifically mediated by activation of PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	106-118	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	33-42
32676772-6	2020	Pre-treatment with the selective PPARgamma antagonist GW9662 (5 mg/kg) completely prevented the effect of pioglitazone, demonstrating that its action is specifically mediated by activation of PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	106-118	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	192-201
32676772-7	2020	In line with this result, repeated administration of pioglitazone (30 mg/kg) attenuated binge alcohol consumption in PPARgamma(+/+) mice.	Pioglitazone	53-65	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	117-126
33003644-5	2020	We used dimethyl-fumarate (DMF) and pioglitazone (pio) as agents activating NRF2 and PPAR-gamma, respectively, and two synthetic hybrids acting differently on the NRF2/ARE pathway.	Pioglitazone	36-48	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	76-80
33062917-4	2020	Objective: To assess the endometrial expression changes of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), at the time of implantation in diabetic rats following treatment with Metformin and Pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	226-238	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	59-95
33062917-9	2020	Furthermore, the VEGFA transcript level significantly reduced in Pioglitazone-treated diabetic rats (p = 0.03).	Pioglitazone	65-77	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
33062917-10	2020	LIF expression was elevated in the Metformin- and the Pioglitazone-treated rats and reduced in the diabetic group in comparison with the control group.	Pioglitazone	54-66	LIF, interleukin 6 family cytokine	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
33062917-11	2020	Compared to the diabetic rats, the expression of LIF was significantly elevated in the Metformin- (p = 0.01) and Pioglitazone-treated (p = 0.03) groups.	Pioglitazone	113-125	LIF, interleukin 6 family cytokine	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
33062917-13	2020	Pioglitazone is able to restore the VEGFA and LIF expressions to their baseline levels more efficiently than Metformin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	36-41
33062917-13	2020	Pioglitazone is able to restore the VEGFA and LIF expressions to their baseline levels more efficiently than Metformin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	LIF, interleukin 6 family cytokine	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
32963510-1	2020	Pioglitazone (Pio) is a thiazolidinedione (TZD) insulin-sensitizing drug whose effects result predominantly from its modulation of the transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated-receptor-gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
32963510-1	2020	Pioglitazone (Pio) is a thiazolidinedione (TZD) insulin-sensitizing drug whose effects result predominantly from its modulation of the transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated-receptor-gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	163-211
32963510-1	2020	Pioglitazone (Pio) is a thiazolidinedione (TZD) insulin-sensitizing drug whose effects result predominantly from its modulation of the transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated-receptor-gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	213-222
32963510-1	2020	Pioglitazone (Pio) is a thiazolidinedione (TZD) insulin-sensitizing drug whose effects result predominantly from its modulation of the transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated-receptor-gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	0-3	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
32963510-1	2020	Pioglitazone (Pio) is a thiazolidinedione (TZD) insulin-sensitizing drug whose effects result predominantly from its modulation of the transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated-receptor-gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	0-3	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	163-211
32963510-1	2020	Pioglitazone (Pio) is a thiazolidinedione (TZD) insulin-sensitizing drug whose effects result predominantly from its modulation of the transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated-receptor-gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	0-3	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	213-222
32579381-0	2020	Antenatal PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone stimulates fetal lung maturation equally in males and females.	Pioglitazone	29-41	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
32579381-4	2020	Since peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists accelerate lung maturation by stimulating alveolar epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, independent of fetal sex, we hypothesized that the effect of PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone (PGZ) would be sex-independent.	Pioglitazone	259-262	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
32579381-4	2020	Since peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists accelerate lung maturation by stimulating alveolar epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, independent of fetal sex, we hypothesized that the effect of PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone (PGZ) would be sex-independent.	Pioglitazone	245-257	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	6-54
32579381-4	2020	Since peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists accelerate lung maturation by stimulating alveolar epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, independent of fetal sex, we hypothesized that the effect of PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone (PGZ) would be sex-independent.	Pioglitazone	245-257	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
32292111-4	2020	tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) and pioglitazone can activate the Nrf2 and PPAR-  transcription factors, respectively, and each has been shown to be neuroprotective in various model systems.	Pioglitazone	34-46	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	64-68
32353564-5	2020	AutoDock Vina used for potential PPAR alpha/gamma dual agonists and 6 compounds 9a, 9g, 9 m, 9n, 9o, and 9r were identified comparable to PPAR gamma agonist Pioglitazone on the basis of their affinity scores and further their in-silico toxicity and in-silico ADME properties.	Pioglitazone	157-169	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	138-148
32832706-2	2020	We prepared a surface modified poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) i.e. PLGA nanoparticles for delivery of pioglitazone-a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist to posterior segment of the eye by topical administration.	Pioglitazone	104-116	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	119-167
32173476-5	2020	Our study was aimed at testing the effect of three different drugs (pioglitazone, doxycycline, simvastatin) on MMP-9 and PPAR-gamma expression in AAA-MSCs.	Pioglitazone	68-80	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	111-116
32173476-5	2020	Our study was aimed at testing the effect of three different drugs (pioglitazone, doxycycline, simvastatin) on MMP-9 and PPAR-gamma expression in AAA-MSCs.	Pioglitazone	68-80	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	121-131
32173476-11	2020	Interestingly, MMP-9 mRNA resulted significantly decreased after each treatment, recording a down-regulation of 50% in presence of pioglitazone, 90% with doxycycline and 40% with exposed to simvastatin, in comparison to untreated cells.	Pioglitazone	131-143	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	15-20
32173476-12	2020	We further analysed the expression of PPAR-gamma, target of pioglitazone, observing an up-regulation in exposed AAA-MSCs to controls.	Pioglitazone	60-72	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	38-48
32173476-13	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Our data support the potential therapeutic effect of pioglitazone, doxycycline and simvastatin on AAA by reducing the MMP-9 expression in a patient-specific model (AAA-MSCs).	Pioglitazone	66-78	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	131-136
32173476-14	2020	In addition, pioglitazone drives the increase of PPAR-G, another promising target for AAA therapy.	Pioglitazone	13-25	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	49-55
32674727-7	2021	Ligands such as thiazolidinedione, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone effectively bind to PPARgamma however, most of these were found to display severe side effects such as hepatotoxicity, weight gain, cardiovascular complications and bladder tumor.	Pioglitazone	64-76	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	97-106
32665906-10	2020	Results: We show that activation of PPARgamma by its agonist, pioglitazone, reduces cell proliferation, Tlr-4, Myd-88, Nf-kb mRNA expression, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production but not interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) in B16F10 LPS-stimulated cells in vitro.	Pioglitazone	62-74	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	36-45
32665906-10	2020	Results: We show that activation of PPARgamma by its agonist, pioglitazone, reduces cell proliferation, Tlr-4, Myd-88, Nf-kb mRNA expression, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production but not interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) in B16F10 LPS-stimulated cells in vitro.	Pioglitazone	62-74	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	104-109
32665906-10	2020	Results: We show that activation of PPARgamma by its agonist, pioglitazone, reduces cell proliferation, Tlr-4, Myd-88, Nf-kb mRNA expression, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production but not interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) in B16F10 LPS-stimulated cells in vitro.	Pioglitazone	62-74	myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88	Mus musculus	111-117
32665906-10	2020	Results: We show that activation of PPARgamma by its agonist, pioglitazone, reduces cell proliferation, Tlr-4, Myd-88, Nf-kb mRNA expression, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production but not interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) in B16F10 LPS-stimulated cells in vitro.	Pioglitazone	62-74	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	146-173
32665906-10	2020	Results: We show that activation of PPARgamma by its agonist, pioglitazone, reduces cell proliferation, Tlr-4, Myd-88, Nf-kb mRNA expression, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production but not interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) in B16F10 LPS-stimulated cells in vitro.	Pioglitazone	62-74	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	175-184
32665906-10	2020	Results: We show that activation of PPARgamma by its agonist, pioglitazone, reduces cell proliferation, Tlr-4, Myd-88, Nf-kb mRNA expression, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production but not interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) in B16F10 LPS-stimulated cells in vitro.	Pioglitazone	62-74	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	205-223
32665906-10	2020	Results: We show that activation of PPARgamma by its agonist, pioglitazone, reduces cell proliferation, Tlr-4, Myd-88, Nf-kb mRNA expression, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production but not interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) in B16F10 LPS-stimulated cells in vitro.	Pioglitazone	62-74	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	225-233
32665906-11	2020	Moreover, treatment of B16F10 cells with TLR4 inhibitor prior treatment with pioglitazone indicate that the anticancer effects of pioglitazone on melanoma cells was dependent on TLR4.	Pioglitazone	77-89	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	178-182
32665906-11	2020	Moreover, treatment of B16F10 cells with TLR4 inhibitor prior treatment with pioglitazone indicate that the anticancer effects of pioglitazone on melanoma cells was dependent on TLR4.	Pioglitazone	130-142	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	41-45
32665906-11	2020	Moreover, treatment of B16F10 cells with TLR4 inhibitor prior treatment with pioglitazone indicate that the anticancer effects of pioglitazone on melanoma cells was dependent on TLR4.	Pioglitazone	130-142	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	178-182
32665906-12	2020	Conclusion: The results indicate that pioglitazone has a beneficial protective effect against melanoma by affecting the TLR4 signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	38-50	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	120-124
32315541-10	2020	Treatment with a partial RAGE antagonist, pioglitazone, yielded similar fold-change expression of metabolites (N6-carboxymethyllysine, 1-methylnicotinamide, N1+N8-acetylspermidine, and succinylcarnitine [C4-DC]) between WT and Ager-/- mice exposed to WTC-PM.	Pioglitazone	42-54	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Mus musculus	25-29
32315541-10	2020	Treatment with a partial RAGE antagonist, pioglitazone, yielded similar fold-change expression of metabolites (N6-carboxymethyllysine, 1-methylnicotinamide, N1+N8-acetylspermidine, and succinylcarnitine [C4-DC]) between WT and Ager-/- mice exposed to WTC-PM.	Pioglitazone	42-54	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Mus musculus	227-231
32445052-0	2020	PPARgamma activation by pioglitazone does not suppress cravings for alcohol, and is associated with a risk of myopathy in treatment seeking alcohol dependent patients: a randomized controlled proof of principle study.	Pioglitazone	24-36	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
32893590-10	2020	As compared with high glucose group, Sal B and the pioglitazone(PIO) can greatly enhance the expression of PPARgamma, PTEN at mRNA and protein levels, enhance the expression of E-cadherin at protein levels, and reduce the expression of alpha-SMA, p-Akt~((Thr308))protein level(P<0.05), there was no significant difference between the two groups.	Pioglitazone	51-63	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	107-116
32893590-10	2020	As compared with high glucose group, Sal B and the pioglitazone(PIO) can greatly enhance the expression of PPARgamma, PTEN at mRNA and protein levels, enhance the expression of E-cadherin at protein levels, and reduce the expression of alpha-SMA, p-Akt~((Thr308))protein level(P<0.05), there was no significant difference between the two groups.	Pioglitazone	51-63	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	118-122
32893590-10	2020	As compared with high glucose group, Sal B and the pioglitazone(PIO) can greatly enhance the expression of PPARgamma, PTEN at mRNA and protein levels, enhance the expression of E-cadherin at protein levels, and reduce the expression of alpha-SMA, p-Akt~((Thr308))protein level(P<0.05), there was no significant difference between the two groups.	Pioglitazone	51-63	cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	177-187
32893590-10	2020	As compared with high glucose group, Sal B and the pioglitazone(PIO) can greatly enhance the expression of PPARgamma, PTEN at mRNA and protein levels, enhance the expression of E-cadherin at protein levels, and reduce the expression of alpha-SMA, p-Akt~((Thr308))protein level(P<0.05), there was no significant difference between the two groups.	Pioglitazone	51-63	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	249-252
32801814-10	2020	However, insulin increases the TNF-alpha expression as for pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	59-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
32801814-10	2020	However, insulin increases the TNF-alpha expression as for pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	59-71	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	31-40
32608271-4	2020	After 3 months of treatment with pioglitazone, MDA levels decreased and FRAP and Thiol group increased.Conclusions: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with the higher levels of MDA and lower serum levels of total antioxidant capacity and Thiol group levels.	Pioglitazone	33-45	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	72-76
32353564-7	2020	Compound 9n and 9a were found to be most potent on both PPAR alpha and gamma receptors with EC50 of 0.07 +- 0.0006 microM, 0.06 +- 0.0005 microM and 0.781 +- 0.008 microM, 3.29 microM +- 0.03 respectively as better to pioglitazone having EC50 of 32.38 +- 0.2 and 38.03 +- 0.13 for both receptors.	Pioglitazone	218-230	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
32409501-8	2020	Although not only ACE inhibitors and angiotensin 2 receptor blockers but also SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, pioglitazone, and probably insulin seem to increase the number of ACE2 receptors on the cells utilized by SARS-CoV-2 for penetration, no evidence presently exists that shows this might be harmful in terms of acquiring or worsening COVID-19.	Pioglitazone	121-133	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	187-191
32138468-8	2020	PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (PioG) injection offset the pro-tumorigenic effect of chronic stress.	Pioglitazone	18-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
32345753-5	2020	In vitro, PPAR-gamma activation with pioglitazone switched macrophages from M1 to M2, reduced Osm expression, and prevented transcellular induction of Cxcl12 In diabetic mice, pioglitazone treatment downregulated Osm, p66Shc and Cxcl12 in the hematopoietic BM, restored the effects of granulocyte-colony stimulation factor (G-CSF), and partially rescued HSPC mobilization, but it increased BM adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	37-49	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	10-20
32345753-5	2020	In vitro, PPAR-gamma activation with pioglitazone switched macrophages from M1 to M2, reduced Osm expression, and prevented transcellular induction of Cxcl12 In diabetic mice, pioglitazone treatment downregulated Osm, p66Shc and Cxcl12 in the hematopoietic BM, restored the effects of granulocyte-colony stimulation factor (G-CSF), and partially rescued HSPC mobilization, but it increased BM adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	37-49	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12	Mus musculus	151-157
32386478-0	2020	The inhibition of the breast cancer by PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone through JAK2/STAT3 pathway.	Pioglitazone	57-69	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	39-48
32345753-5	2020	In vitro, PPAR-gamma activation with pioglitazone switched macrophages from M1 to M2, reduced Osm expression, and prevented transcellular induction of Cxcl12 In diabetic mice, pioglitazone treatment downregulated Osm, p66Shc and Cxcl12 in the hematopoietic BM, restored the effects of granulocyte-colony stimulation factor (G-CSF), and partially rescued HSPC mobilization, but it increased BM adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	37-49	src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein C1	Mus musculus	218-224
32345753-5	2020	In vitro, PPAR-gamma activation with pioglitazone switched macrophages from M1 to M2, reduced Osm expression, and prevented transcellular induction of Cxcl12 In diabetic mice, pioglitazone treatment downregulated Osm, p66Shc and Cxcl12 in the hematopoietic BM, restored the effects of granulocyte-colony stimulation factor (G-CSF), and partially rescued HSPC mobilization, but it increased BM adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	37-49	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12	Mus musculus	229-235
32345753-5	2020	In vitro, PPAR-gamma activation with pioglitazone switched macrophages from M1 to M2, reduced Osm expression, and prevented transcellular induction of Cxcl12 In diabetic mice, pioglitazone treatment downregulated Osm, p66Shc and Cxcl12 in the hematopoietic BM, restored the effects of granulocyte-colony stimulation factor (G-CSF), and partially rescued HSPC mobilization, but it increased BM adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	37-49	colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte)	Mus musculus	285-322
32345753-5	2020	In vitro, PPAR-gamma activation with pioglitazone switched macrophages from M1 to M2, reduced Osm expression, and prevented transcellular induction of Cxcl12 In diabetic mice, pioglitazone treatment downregulated Osm, p66Shc and Cxcl12 in the hematopoietic BM, restored the effects of granulocyte-colony stimulation factor (G-CSF), and partially rescued HSPC mobilization, but it increased BM adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	37-49	colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte)	Mus musculus	324-329
32345753-5	2020	In vitro, PPAR-gamma activation with pioglitazone switched macrophages from M1 to M2, reduced Osm expression, and prevented transcellular induction of Cxcl12 In diabetic mice, pioglitazone treatment downregulated Osm, p66Shc and Cxcl12 in the hematopoietic BM, restored the effects of granulocyte-colony stimulation factor (G-CSF), and partially rescued HSPC mobilization, but it increased BM adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	176-188	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	10-20
32345753-5	2020	In vitro, PPAR-gamma activation with pioglitazone switched macrophages from M1 to M2, reduced Osm expression, and prevented transcellular induction of Cxcl12 In diabetic mice, pioglitazone treatment downregulated Osm, p66Shc and Cxcl12 in the hematopoietic BM, restored the effects of granulocyte-colony stimulation factor (G-CSF), and partially rescued HSPC mobilization, but it increased BM adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	176-188	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12	Mus musculus	151-157
32345753-5	2020	In vitro, PPAR-gamma activation with pioglitazone switched macrophages from M1 to M2, reduced Osm expression, and prevented transcellular induction of Cxcl12 In diabetic mice, pioglitazone treatment downregulated Osm, p66Shc and Cxcl12 in the hematopoietic BM, restored the effects of granulocyte-colony stimulation factor (G-CSF), and partially rescued HSPC mobilization, but it increased BM adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	176-188	src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein C1	Mus musculus	218-224
32345753-5	2020	In vitro, PPAR-gamma activation with pioglitazone switched macrophages from M1 to M2, reduced Osm expression, and prevented transcellular induction of Cxcl12 In diabetic mice, pioglitazone treatment downregulated Osm, p66Shc and Cxcl12 in the hematopoietic BM, restored the effects of granulocyte-colony stimulation factor (G-CSF), and partially rescued HSPC mobilization, but it increased BM adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	176-188	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12	Mus musculus	229-235
32345753-5	2020	In vitro, PPAR-gamma activation with pioglitazone switched macrophages from M1 to M2, reduced Osm expression, and prevented transcellular induction of Cxcl12 In diabetic mice, pioglitazone treatment downregulated Osm, p66Shc and Cxcl12 in the hematopoietic BM, restored the effects of granulocyte-colony stimulation factor (G-CSF), and partially rescued HSPC mobilization, but it increased BM adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	176-188	colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte)	Mus musculus	285-322
32345753-5	2020	In vitro, PPAR-gamma activation with pioglitazone switched macrophages from M1 to M2, reduced Osm expression, and prevented transcellular induction of Cxcl12 In diabetic mice, pioglitazone treatment downregulated Osm, p66Shc and Cxcl12 in the hematopoietic BM, restored the effects of granulocyte-colony stimulation factor (G-CSF), and partially rescued HSPC mobilization, but it increased BM adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	176-188	colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte)	Mus musculus	324-329
32345753-6	2020	Osm deletion recapitulated the effects of pioglitazone on adipogenesis, which was p66Shc-independent, and double knockout of Osm and p66Shc completely rescued HSPC mobilization.	Pioglitazone	42-54	src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein C1	Mus musculus	82-88
32345753-8	2020	In diabetic patients under pioglitazone therapy, HSPC mobilization after G-CSF was partially rescued.	Pioglitazone	27-39	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	73-78
32330843-10	2020	Oral application with pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, effectively ceased the neuroinflammation and reversed the expression of antioxidants in HFD group.	Pioglitazone	22-34	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	38-47
32344313-6	2020	Our hypothesis is that drugs belonging to the family of thiazolidinediones (TZD) such as pioglitazone or rosiglitazone, approved for treating the condition of insulin resistance and the accompanying inflammation, could ameliorate the prognosis of those COVID-19 patients with diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disorders comorbidities.	Pioglitazone	89-101	insulin	Homo sapiens	159-166
32386478-0	2020	The inhibition of the breast cancer by PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone through JAK2/STAT3 pathway.	Pioglitazone	57-69	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	78-82
32386478-0	2020	The inhibition of the breast cancer by PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone through JAK2/STAT3 pathway.	Pioglitazone	57-69	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	83-88
32386478-8	2020	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, still was not investigated in breast cancer.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	16-25
32386478-9	2020	Therefore, the effects of pioglitazone on breast cancer cells were tested by cell viability, scratch and transwell assays and results indicated that the pioglitazone has the inhibition effect on the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells by PPARgamma which was correlated with the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.	Pioglitazone	26-38	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	253-262
32386478-9	2020	Therefore, the effects of pioglitazone on breast cancer cells were tested by cell viability, scratch and transwell assays and results indicated that the pioglitazone has the inhibition effect on the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells by PPARgamma which was correlated with the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.	Pioglitazone	26-38	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	293-297
32386478-9	2020	Therefore, the effects of pioglitazone on breast cancer cells were tested by cell viability, scratch and transwell assays and results indicated that the pioglitazone has the inhibition effect on the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells by PPARgamma which was correlated with the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.	Pioglitazone	26-38	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	298-303
32386478-9	2020	Therefore, the effects of pioglitazone on breast cancer cells were tested by cell viability, scratch and transwell assays and results indicated that the pioglitazone has the inhibition effect on the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells by PPARgamma which was correlated with the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.	Pioglitazone	153-165	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	253-262
32386478-9	2020	Therefore, the effects of pioglitazone on breast cancer cells were tested by cell viability, scratch and transwell assays and results indicated that the pioglitazone has the inhibition effect on the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells by PPARgamma which was correlated with the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.	Pioglitazone	153-165	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	293-297
32386478-9	2020	Therefore, the effects of pioglitazone on breast cancer cells were tested by cell viability, scratch and transwell assays and results indicated that the pioglitazone has the inhibition effect on the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells by PPARgamma which was correlated with the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.	Pioglitazone	153-165	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	298-303
32386478-11	2020	And the results indicated that pioglitazone could inhibit the growth of breast cancer in the PPARgamma overexpression group in vivo.	Pioglitazone	31-43	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	93-102
32386478-13	2020	Moreover, pioglitazone could exert its inhibition on breast cancer proliferation and migration by the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.	Pioglitazone	10-22	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	102-106
32386478-13	2020	Moreover, pioglitazone could exert its inhibition on breast cancer proliferation and migration by the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.	Pioglitazone	10-22	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	107-112
32422516-8	2020	Additionally, pioglitazone, an agonist of PPARgamma, was used as a treatment intervention.	Pioglitazone	14-26	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	42-51
32448107-2	2021	PG acts as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist.	Pioglitazone	0-2	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	13-61
32655263-8	2020	A number of synthetic molecules have been found to suppress NO expression either dependent on the NF-kappaB signaling pathway (i.e., dexamethasone, pioglitazone, tropisetron) or independent from this pathway (i.e., nicotine, prednisolone, celecoxib, beta-adrenoceptor antagonists).	Pioglitazone	148-160	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	98-107
32462037-9	2020	Differential expression of three miRNAs was induced by 6-OHDA (mml-miR-16-2-3p, mml-miR-133d-3p, and mml-miR-1262-5p) and two miRNAs by pioglitazone (mml-miR-204-5p and mml-miR-146b-5p) at 12 weeks posttoxin, while expression of mRNAs involved in inflammatory cytokines and receptors was not significantly affected.	Pioglitazone	136-148	microRNA 1262	Macaca mulatta	101-113
32408505-7	2020	The PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone showed some promise in reducing heroin, nicotine, and cocaine craving in two human laboratory studies and one pilot trial, yet other outcomes were unaffected.	Pioglitazone	23-35	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-14
32462037-7	2020	In this rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) model, imaging with positron emission tomography showed that oral administration of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (n = 5; 5 mg/kg daily) significantly decreased cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress compared to placebo (n = 5).	Pioglitazone	197-209	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Macaca mulatta	128-176
32462037-7	2020	In this rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) model, imaging with positron emission tomography showed that oral administration of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (n = 5; 5 mg/kg daily) significantly decreased cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress compared to placebo (n = 5).	Pioglitazone	197-209	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Macaca mulatta	178-187
32169580-0	2020	Activation of PPARgamma intensified the effects of arsenic trioxide in acute promyelocytic leukemia through the suppression of PI3K/Akt pathway: Proposing a novel anticancer effect for pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	185-197	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	14-23
32169580-0	2020	Activation of PPARgamma intensified the effects of arsenic trioxide in acute promyelocytic leukemia through the suppression of PI3K/Akt pathway: Proposing a novel anticancer effect for pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	185-197	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	132-135
32411188-0	2020	PPAR-Gamma Agonist Pioglitazone Reduced CD68+ but Not CD163+ Macrophage Dermal Infiltration in Obese Psoriatic Patients.	Pioglitazone	19-31	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-10
32411188-0	2020	PPAR-Gamma Agonist Pioglitazone Reduced CD68+ but Not CD163+ Macrophage Dermal Infiltration in Obese Psoriatic Patients.	Pioglitazone	19-31	CD68 molecule	Homo sapiens	40-44
32411188-7	2020	Among patients who received pioglitazone, some of them clearly responded to treatment from lowest to highest doses by decreasing CD68+ cells.	Pioglitazone	28-40	CD68 molecule	Homo sapiens	129-133
32411188-8	2020	In the group with 30 mg pioglitazone regiment, we detected a significant reduction of CD68+ cells in dermal infiltrates: CI 95% (16-32) before versus CI 95% (2-7) after treatment.	Pioglitazone	24-36	CD68 molecule	Homo sapiens	86-90
32490237-9	2020	Serum and liver GSH as well as CAT levels were significantly (P < 0.05) increased while brain GSH and CAT levels shows apparent increase in MEPb and pioglitazone treated rats compared with diabetic control.	Pioglitazone	149-161	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
32462037-9	2020	Differential expression of three miRNAs was induced by 6-OHDA (mml-miR-16-2-3p, mml-miR-133d-3p, and mml-miR-1262-5p) and two miRNAs by pioglitazone (mml-miR-204-5p and mml-miR-146b-5p) at 12 weeks posttoxin, while expression of mRNAs involved in inflammatory cytokines and receptors was not significantly affected.	Pioglitazone	136-148	microRNA 204	Macaca mulatta	150-161
32462037-9	2020	Differential expression of three miRNAs was induced by 6-OHDA (mml-miR-16-2-3p, mml-miR-133d-3p, and mml-miR-1262-5p) and two miRNAs by pioglitazone (mml-miR-204-5p and mml-miR-146b-5p) at 12 weeks posttoxin, while expression of mRNAs involved in inflammatory cytokines and receptors was not significantly affected.	Pioglitazone	136-148	microRNA 146b	Macaca mulatta	169-181
32243355-8	2020	Phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) and its target, glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (Ser9), was increased after ischemia, and 20 mg/kg/d dose of pioglitazone significantly increased phosphorylation of these proteins.	Pioglitazone	140-152	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	48-78
32114097-14	2020	Postnatal administration of pioglitazone further promoted PGC-1alpha and mitochondrial biogenesis, alleviated hippocampal injury, and improved performance in the behavioral tasks after intrauterine HI.	Pioglitazone	28-40	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	58-68
32114097-16	2020	Promotion of PGC-1alpha by pioglitazone might be a potential treatment for protecting against hippocampal injury and cognitive defects after intrauterine HI.	Pioglitazone	27-39	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	13-23
32243355-2	2020	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma ligand of the thiazolidinedione class, exerts several pleiotropic effects including neuroprotection in addition to reducing blood glucose and insulin resistance; however, its mechanism remains obscure.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	16-25
32243355-4	2020	We focused on Akt and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), key pathways of prosurvival signaling in ischemic neuronal injury as the mechanisms of pioglitazone"s effects.	Pioglitazone	171-183	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
32243355-4	2020	We focused on Akt and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), key pathways of prosurvival signaling in ischemic neuronal injury as the mechanisms of pioglitazone"s effects.	Pioglitazone	171-183	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	22-74
32243355-4	2020	We focused on Akt and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), key pathways of prosurvival signaling in ischemic neuronal injury as the mechanisms of pioglitazone"s effects.	Pioglitazone	171-183	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	76-81
32243355-8	2020	Phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) and its target, glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (Ser9), was increased after ischemia, and 20 mg/kg/d dose of pioglitazone significantly increased phosphorylation of these proteins.	Pioglitazone	140-152	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
32260486-4	2020	Here, we investigated the effect of PPARgamma activation by the agonist Pioglitazone on the function of hepatic immune cells and its effect in a murine model of immune-mediated hepatitis.	Pioglitazone	72-84	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	36-45
32260486-5	2020	Cytokine production by both liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (IL-6) and in T cells ex vivo (IFNgamma) was decreased in cells from Pioglitazone-treated mice.	Pioglitazone	132-144	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	64-68
32260486-5	2020	Cytokine production by both liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (IL-6) and in T cells ex vivo (IFNgamma) was decreased in cells from Pioglitazone-treated mice.	Pioglitazone	132-144	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	94-102
32260486-8	2020	In contrast, Pioglitazone-induced PPARgamma activation exacerbated D-galactosamine (GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) hepatitis associated with an increased production of TNFalpha by Kupffer cells and increased sensitivity of hepatocytes towards TNFalpha after in vivo Pioglitazone administration.	Pioglitazone	13-25	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	34-43
32260486-8	2020	In contrast, Pioglitazone-induced PPARgamma activation exacerbated D-galactosamine (GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) hepatitis associated with an increased production of TNFalpha by Kupffer cells and increased sensitivity of hepatocytes towards TNFalpha after in vivo Pioglitazone administration.	Pioglitazone	13-25	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	168-176
32260486-8	2020	In contrast, Pioglitazone-induced PPARgamma activation exacerbated D-galactosamine (GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) hepatitis associated with an increased production of TNFalpha by Kupffer cells and increased sensitivity of hepatocytes towards TNFalpha after in vivo Pioglitazone administration.	Pioglitazone	13-25	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	243-251
32260486-8	2020	In contrast, Pioglitazone-induced PPARgamma activation exacerbated D-galactosamine (GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) hepatitis associated with an increased production of TNFalpha by Kupffer cells and increased sensitivity of hepatocytes towards TNFalpha after in vivo Pioglitazone administration.	Pioglitazone	266-278	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	34-43
32260486-8	2020	In contrast, Pioglitazone-induced PPARgamma activation exacerbated D-galactosamine (GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) hepatitis associated with an increased production of TNFalpha by Kupffer cells and increased sensitivity of hepatocytes towards TNFalpha after in vivo Pioglitazone administration.	Pioglitazone	266-278	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	168-176
32346341-0	2020	Effect of pioglitazone on skeletal muscle lipid deposition in the insulin resistance rat model induced by high fructose diet under AMPK signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	10-22	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	131-135
32346341-1	2020	To study the changes of lipid deposition in skeletal muscle of insulin resistance rat and the effect of pioglitazone intervention on the expression of AMPK pathway related genes in rat, a rat model of insulin resistance was induced and constructed by high fructose diet as an test group, and normal rats were used as a control group.	Pioglitazone	104-116	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	151-155
32346341-4	2020	Finally, the effects of pioglitazone intervention therapy on the mRNA and protein expression of related genes in the AMPK signaling pathway in skeletal muscle tissue of rat were explored by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western-blotting technology.	Pioglitazone	24-36	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	117-121
32346341-6	2020	Accordingly, it can be concluded that pioglitazone can play a role in treating insulin resistance by regulating the expression of related genes of AMPK, ACC, etc.	Pioglitazone	38-50	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	147-151
32410849-0	2020	Pioglitazone Metformin Complex Improves Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Comorbid Psychological Distress via Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation: A Prospective Clinical Study.	Pioglitazone	0-12	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	113-118
32332780-6	2020	In patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance, pioglitazone-induced improvement of insulin action is associated with an increase in muscle ApoJ and LRP2 expression.	Pioglitazone	67-79	insulin	Homo sapiens	47-54
32332780-6	2020	In patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance, pioglitazone-induced improvement of insulin action is associated with an increase in muscle ApoJ and LRP2 expression.	Pioglitazone	67-79	insulin	Homo sapiens	103-110
32332780-6	2020	In patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance, pioglitazone-induced improvement of insulin action is associated with an increase in muscle ApoJ and LRP2 expression.	Pioglitazone	67-79	clusterin	Homo sapiens	159-163
32332780-6	2020	In patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance, pioglitazone-induced improvement of insulin action is associated with an increase in muscle ApoJ and LRP2 expression.	Pioglitazone	67-79	LDL receptor related protein 2	Homo sapiens	168-172
31371410-2	2020	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone downregulates signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) and in combination with imatinib induces complete molecular response in imatinib-refractory patients by eroding leukemia stem cells.	Pioglitazone	69-81	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-48
31371410-2	2020	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone downregulates signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) and in combination with imatinib induces complete molecular response in imatinib-refractory patients by eroding leukemia stem cells.	Pioglitazone	69-81	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	50-59
31371410-2	2020	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone downregulates signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) and in combination with imatinib induces complete molecular response in imatinib-refractory patients by eroding leukemia stem cells.	Pioglitazone	69-81	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Homo sapiens	96-146
31371410-2	2020	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone downregulates signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) and in combination with imatinib induces complete molecular response in imatinib-refractory patients by eroding leukemia stem cells.	Pioglitazone	69-81	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Homo sapiens	148-153
31371410-9	2020	Combining imatinib with clofazimine caused a far superior synergy than pioglitazone where clofazimine reduced imatinib"s IC50 by &gt;4 logs and remarkably eroded quiescent CD34+ cells.	Pioglitazone	71-83	CD34 molecule	Homo sapiens	172-176
32500011-6	2020	Results: OPN increased significantly in the diabetic group in comparison with control (p<0.001), metformin-treated (p=0.008) and pioglitazone-treated groups (p< 0.001).	Pioglitazone	129-141	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
32500011-9	2020	Treatment with pioglitazone and metformin improved the level of OPN and alpha3beta1 integrin proteins while pioglitazone was more effective.	Pioglitazone	15-27	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
32942898-1	2020	Pioglitazone belongs to the drugs primarily reducing insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
32244971-2	2020	Here, we examine the effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) activator pioglitazone (PioG), in combination with deoxyribonucleosides (dNs), on mitochondrial biogenesis in cybrid cells containing >90% of the m.3243A>G mutation associated with mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS).	Pioglitazone	107-119	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	36-84
32244971-2	2020	Here, we examine the effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) activator pioglitazone (PioG), in combination with deoxyribonucleosides (dNs), on mitochondrial biogenesis in cybrid cells containing >90% of the m.3243A>G mutation associated with mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS).	Pioglitazone	107-119	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	86-95
32243355-9	2020	Furthermore, pioglitazone treatment enhanced phosphorylation of STAT3 (Tyr705) after ischemia.	Pioglitazone	13-25	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	64-69
32243355-10	2020	These results indicate that pioglitazone attenuates neuronal ischemic injury through the activation of Akt and STAT3 pathways.	Pioglitazone	28-40	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
32243355-10	2020	These results indicate that pioglitazone attenuates neuronal ischemic injury through the activation of Akt and STAT3 pathways.	Pioglitazone	28-40	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	111-116
32122930-0	2020	Correction: Combination of PPARgamma Agonist Pioglitazone and Trabectedin Induce Adipocyte Differentiation to Overcome Trabectedin Resistance in Myxoid Liposarcomas.	Pioglitazone	45-57	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	27-36
31928220-6	2020	The rise in EGF and COX-2 mRNA was inhibited by pioglitazone but reversed by pioglitazone cotreated with GW9662.	Pioglitazone	48-60	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
31928220-6	2020	The rise in EGF and COX-2 mRNA was inhibited by pioglitazone but reversed by pioglitazone cotreated with GW9662.	Pioglitazone	48-60	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	20-25
31928220-6	2020	The rise in EGF and COX-2 mRNA was inhibited by pioglitazone but reversed by pioglitazone cotreated with GW9662.	Pioglitazone	77-89	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
31928220-6	2020	The rise in EGF and COX-2 mRNA was inhibited by pioglitazone but reversed by pioglitazone cotreated with GW9662.	Pioglitazone	77-89	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	20-25
31928220-8	2020	Beneficial effects of salivectomy in an experimental model of BE were counteracted by PPARgamma antagonist, whereas selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib synergistically with pioglitazone reduced severity of esophageal damage and protected esophageal mucosa from reflux.	Pioglitazone	173-185	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	126-131
32015419-3	2020	The peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone slows disease progression in the PCK rat model for PKD.	Pioglitazone	73-85	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	4-52
32252184-1	2020	PURPOSE: Pioglitazone, an antihyperglycemic drug, is widely used in diabetes mellitus patients with insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	9-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	100-107
32252184-8	2020	The following functional gene enrichment analysis suggested that pioglitazone may be altering a few select biological processes, such as gene/chromatin silencing, by downregulating BMI1 (B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog), a polycomb complex protein.	Pioglitazone	65-77	BMI1 proto-oncogene, polycomb ring finger	Homo sapiens	181-185
32015419-3	2020	The peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone slows disease progression in the PCK rat model for PKD.	Pioglitazone	73-85	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	54-63
32015419-3	2020	The peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone slows disease progression in the PCK rat model for PKD.	Pioglitazone	73-85	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
32015419-6	2020	In addition, although pioglitazone raised plasma levels of its surrogate drug marker adiponectin, the drug unexpectedly failed to slow PKD progression.	Pioglitazone	22-34	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	85-96
32015419-7	2020	The pioglitazone target PPARgamma was expressed at surprisingly low levels in mouse, rat and human kidneys.	Pioglitazone	4-16	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	24-33
31339011-6	2020	However, the pioglitazone-treated group exhibited significantly higher high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P&lt;0.001) and significantly lower homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance values (P&lt;0.001).	Pioglitazone	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	184-191
31577451-4	2020	Most recently, the thiazolidinedione class PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone underwent a clinical revival, especially based on the IRIS (Insulin Resistance Intervention After Stroke) study, a randomized controlled trial in 3,876 patients without diabetes status post-transient ischemic attack/ischemic stroke who were clinically followed for 4.8 years.	Pioglitazone	61-73	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	43-52
32107266-3	2020	Treatment with a low-dose combination of one antiandrogen and antimineralocorticoid drug (spironolactone) and two insulin sensitizers (pioglitazone/metformin) (SPIOMET) is particularly effective in improving these metabolic derangements.	Pioglitazone	135-147	insulin	Homo sapiens	114-121
32107266-13	2020	Pioglitazone induced CXCL14 expression in differentiating human SGBS adipocytes, in parallel with the induction of marker genes of brown adipogenesis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 14	Homo sapiens	21-27
32107266-16	2020	This is consistent with the effects of pioglitazone and spironolactone inducing CXCL14 expression and promoting a brown-like phenotype in adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	39-51	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 14	Homo sapiens	80-86
31339011-8	2020	CONCLUSION: Among patients with T2DM inadequately controlled using metformin plus alogliptin, the addition of pioglitazone provided comparable glycemic control and various benefits (improvements in lipid profiles, insulin resistance, and hypoglycemia risk) relative to the addition of glimepiride.	Pioglitazone	110-122	insulin	Homo sapiens	214-221
31931547-7	2020	The results showed that PG at concentrations of 12.5, 25 and 50 microg/ml increased the generation of ROS, the collapse of MMP, mitochondrial swelling and the release of cytochrome c in mitochondria isolated from both brain and heart tissues.	Pioglitazone	24-26	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	170-182
31583700-4	2020	RESULTS: The results showed that dietary supplementation with 15 mg kg-1 PGZ increased average daily feed intake (ADFI) and the average daily gain (ADG) from 0 to 14 days.	Pioglitazone	73-76	ADG	Gallus gallus	148-151
32053841-8	2020	Similarly, serum leptin levels superiorly improved in spironolactone and pioglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	73-85	leptin	Homo sapiens	17-23
32053841-10	2020	Co-supplementation of high dosage VD with spironolactone or pioglitazone are more effective in reducing plasma leptin levels than metformin, and thus might prove to be better therapeutic strategies for women with PCOS.	Pioglitazone	60-72	leptin	Homo sapiens	111-117
32190383-0	2020	The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma Agonist Pioglitazone Protects Vascular Endothelial Function in Hypercholesterolemic Rats by Inhibiting Myeloperoxidase.	Pioglitazone	61-73	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	4-52
32190383-0	2020	The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma Agonist Pioglitazone Protects Vascular Endothelial Function in Hypercholesterolemic Rats by Inhibiting Myeloperoxidase.	Pioglitazone	61-73	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	156-171
32190383-2	2020	The present study was designed to determine whether myeloperoxidase (MPO) mediates HC-induced endothelial dysfunction and the role of the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (PIO) in attenuating endothelial dysfunction.	Pioglitazone	156-168	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	138-147
31278444-9	2020	Finally, 7 important target genes were identified, such as APOC3 was interacted with pioglitazone, ADCY2 involved in cAMP signaling pathway, and the genes (C3AR1, HRH2, GRIA1, MLNR and TAAR2) involved in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction.	Pioglitazone	85-97	apolipoprotein C3	Homo sapiens	59-64
30663560-4	2020	Regarding antidiabetic medication, metformin, gliclazide, pioglitazone, exenatide and dapagliflozin exert a beneficial effect on Endothelial Function (EF); glimepiride and glibenclamide, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and liraglutide have a neutral effect, while studies examining the effect of insulin analogues, empagliflozin and canagliflozin on EF are limited.	Pioglitazone	58-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	187-209
30663560-4	2020	Regarding antidiabetic medication, metformin, gliclazide, pioglitazone, exenatide and dapagliflozin exert a beneficial effect on Endothelial Function (EF); glimepiride and glibenclamide, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and liraglutide have a neutral effect, while studies examining the effect of insulin analogues, empagliflozin and canagliflozin on EF are limited.	Pioglitazone	58-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	298-305
32540737-6	2020	RESULTS: Medications, including pioglitazone, that upregulate tissue expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), might have a dual role in COVID-19; on the one hand they might increase risk of infection as SARS-CoV2 uses ACE2 as a coreceptor to enter alveolar cells, but on the other hand, by reducing angiotensin II levels, they can protect against acute lung injury.	Pioglitazone	32-44	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	83-114
32540737-6	2020	RESULTS: Medications, including pioglitazone, that upregulate tissue expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), might have a dual role in COVID-19; on the one hand they might increase risk of infection as SARS-CoV2 uses ACE2 as a coreceptor to enter alveolar cells, but on the other hand, by reducing angiotensin II levels, they can protect against acute lung injury.	Pioglitazone	32-44	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	116-120
32540737-6	2020	RESULTS: Medications, including pioglitazone, that upregulate tissue expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), might have a dual role in COVID-19; on the one hand they might increase risk of infection as SARS-CoV2 uses ACE2 as a coreceptor to enter alveolar cells, but on the other hand, by reducing angiotensin II levels, they can protect against acute lung injury.	Pioglitazone	32-44	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	231-235
32540737-6	2020	RESULTS: Medications, including pioglitazone, that upregulate tissue expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), might have a dual role in COVID-19; on the one hand they might increase risk of infection as SARS-CoV2 uses ACE2 as a coreceptor to enter alveolar cells, but on the other hand, by reducing angiotensin II levels, they can protect against acute lung injury.	Pioglitazone	32-44	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	312-326
33602093-0	2020	Enhanced Anti-Amyloid Effect of Combined Leptin and Pioglitazone in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice.	Pioglitazone	52-64	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	72-75
31880221-12	2020	In the subgroup analysis, DPP-4 inhibitors first had lower (2010: OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.70-0.87; 2011-2012: OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.54-0.66) and then similar (2013-2014: OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.88-1.19) hazards of nonpersistence compared with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	239-251	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
31880221-15	2020	Similarly, safety warnings in 2011 and approval of generic products in 2012 may have affected pioglitazone persistence, leading to first higher and then similar hazards for nonpersistence with pioglitazone as compared with DPP-4 inhibitors.	Pioglitazone	94-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	223-228
31278444-9	2020	Finally, 7 important target genes were identified, such as APOC3 was interacted with pioglitazone, ADCY2 involved in cAMP signaling pathway, and the genes (C3AR1, HRH2, GRIA1, MLNR and TAAR2) involved in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction.	Pioglitazone	85-97	complement C3a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	156-161
31278444-9	2020	Finally, 7 important target genes were identified, such as APOC3 was interacted with pioglitazone, ADCY2 involved in cAMP signaling pathway, and the genes (C3AR1, HRH2, GRIA1, MLNR and TAAR2) involved in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction.	Pioglitazone	85-97	histamine receptor H2	Homo sapiens	163-167
31278444-9	2020	Finally, 7 important target genes were identified, such as APOC3 was interacted with pioglitazone, ADCY2 involved in cAMP signaling pathway, and the genes (C3AR1, HRH2, GRIA1, MLNR and TAAR2) involved in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction.	Pioglitazone	85-97	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	169-174
31278444-9	2020	Finally, 7 important target genes were identified, such as APOC3 was interacted with pioglitazone, ADCY2 involved in cAMP signaling pathway, and the genes (C3AR1, HRH2, GRIA1, MLNR and TAAR2) involved in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction.	Pioglitazone	85-97	motilin receptor	Homo sapiens	176-180
31278444-9	2020	Finally, 7 important target genes were identified, such as APOC3 was interacted with pioglitazone, ADCY2 involved in cAMP signaling pathway, and the genes (C3AR1, HRH2, GRIA1, MLNR and TAAR2) involved in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction.	Pioglitazone	85-97	trace amine associated receptor 2	Homo sapiens	185-190
31615896-2	2019	Thyroid cancer cells expressing a paired box 8 (PAX8)-PPARgamma fusion oncogene trans-differentiate into adipocyte-like cells in the presence of the PPARgamma ligand pioglitazone, but this trans-differentiation is inhibited by the transcription factor NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1).	Pioglitazone	166-178	paired box 8	Mus musculus	48-52
31829402-0	2019	Pioglitazone protects blood vessels through inhibition of the apelin signaling pathway by promoting KLF4 expression in rat models of T2DM.	Pioglitazone	0-12	apelin	Rattus norvegicus	62-68
31829402-0	2019	Pioglitazone protects blood vessels through inhibition of the apelin signaling pathway by promoting KLF4 expression in rat models of T2DM.	Pioglitazone	0-12	Kruppel like factor 4	Rattus norvegicus	100-104
31481505-0	2019	Combination of PPARg agonist pioglitazone and trabectedin induce adipocyte differentiation to overcome trabectedin resistance in myxoid liposarcomas.	Pioglitazone	29-41	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	15-20
31481505-1	2019	PURPOSE: This study was aimed at investigating whether the PPARg agonist pioglitazone - given in combination with trabectedin - is able to reactivate adipocytic differentiation in myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) patient-derived xenografts overcoming resistance to trabectedin.	Pioglitazone	73-85	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	59-64
31481505-6	2019	PPARg agonist pioglitazone reactivated adipogenesis, assessed by histological and gene pathway analyses.	Pioglitazone	14-26	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-5
31481505-8	2019	The ability of pioglitazone to reactivate adipocytic differentiation was observed by morphological examination, and it is consistent with the increased expression of genes such as ADIPOQ implicated in the adipogenesis process.	Pioglitazone	15-27	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	180-186
31129789-5	2019	METHODS: PBPK models of the CYP2C8 and organic-anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 perpetrator drug gemfibrozil (parent-metabolite model) and the CYP2C8 victim drugs repaglinide (also an OATP1B1 substrate) and pioglitazone were developed using a total of 103 clinical studies.	Pioglitazone	216-228	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	28-34
31050706-5	2019	Accordingly, cardiovascular outcome trials with pioglitazone have demonstrated that this insulin sensitizing thiazolidinedione reduces cardiovascular events in high risk type 2 diabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	48-60	insulin	Homo sapiens	89-96
31860218-1	2019	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR- gamma) agonist, has demonstrated immunomodulatory properties that may offer an effective treatment modality.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	16-64
31860218-1	2019	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR- gamma) agonist, has demonstrated immunomodulatory properties that may offer an effective treatment modality.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	66-77
32224233-5	2020	In diabetic patients, oral antidiabetic drugs (glyburide, metformin or pioglitazone) reduced circulating levels fractalkine and E-selectin (both P < .05), without affecting vascular responses (all P > .05).	Pioglitazone	71-83	C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1	Homo sapiens	112-123
32224233-5	2020	In diabetic patients, oral antidiabetic drugs (glyburide, metformin or pioglitazone) reduced circulating levels fractalkine and E-selectin (both P < .05), without affecting vascular responses (all P > .05).	Pioglitazone	71-83	selectin E	Homo sapiens	128-138
31730865-1	2019	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, pioglitazone, is used clinically to improve the glycemic state in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	71-83	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-48
31730865-1	2019	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, pioglitazone, is used clinically to improve the glycemic state in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	71-83	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	50-60
31730865-7	2019	Activation of PPAR-gamma by pioglitazone reduced BP, restored the blunted NO levels, increased endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression, and restored the antioxidant status of L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats.	Pioglitazone	28-40	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
31730865-7	2019	Activation of PPAR-gamma by pioglitazone reduced BP, restored the blunted NO levels, increased endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression, and restored the antioxidant status of L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats.	Pioglitazone	28-40	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	120-124
31730865-8	2019	Moreover, the antihypertensive activity of pioglitazone was associated with a reduction in ER stress and this effect was PPAR-gamma dependent.	Pioglitazone	43-55	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	121-131
31615896-2	2019	Thyroid cancer cells expressing a paired box 8 (PAX8)-PPARgamma fusion oncogene trans-differentiate into adipocyte-like cells in the presence of the PPARgamma ligand pioglitazone, but this trans-differentiation is inhibited by the transcription factor NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1).	Pioglitazone	166-178	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	54-63
31827945-5	2019	Insulin was discontinued completely, and he maintained appropriate glycemic control on oral diabetic agents (metformin and pioglitazone).	Pioglitazone	123-135	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
31129789-0	2019	Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models for Prediction of Complex CYP2C8 and OATP1B1 (SLCO1B1) Drug-Drug-Gene Interactions: A Modeling Network of Gemfibrozil, Repaglinide, Pioglitazone, Rifampicin, Clarithromycin and Itraconazole.	Pioglitazone	177-189	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens	82-89
31129789-0	2019	Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models for Prediction of Complex CYP2C8 and OATP1B1 (SLCO1B1) Drug-Drug-Gene Interactions: A Modeling Network of Gemfibrozil, Repaglinide, Pioglitazone, Rifampicin, Clarithromycin and Itraconazole.	Pioglitazone	177-189	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens	91-98
31783920-9	2019	Studies of pioglitazone in NASH patients found benefits in liver function, liver fat, and NASH resolution, though significant increases in weight may be cause for concern.	Pioglitazone	11-23	SAM domain, SH3 domain and nuclear localization signals 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
31783920-9	2019	Studies of pioglitazone in NASH patients found benefits in liver function, liver fat, and NASH resolution, though significant increases in weight may be cause for concern.	Pioglitazone	11-23	SAM domain, SH3 domain and nuclear localization signals 1	Homo sapiens	90-94
31712626-5	2019	In SHR, the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (2.5 mg/Kg day, 28 days) reduced the increased ETA levels and increased those of ETB.	Pioglitazone	30-42	endothelin receptor type B	Rattus norvegicus	124-127
31712626-6	2019	After pioglitazone treatment of SHR, ET-1 through ETB decreased ROS levels that resulted in increased NO bioavailability and diminished phenylephrine contraction.	Pioglitazone	6-18	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-41
31712626-6	2019	After pioglitazone treatment of SHR, ET-1 through ETB decreased ROS levels that resulted in increased NO bioavailability and diminished phenylephrine contraction.	Pioglitazone	6-18	endothelin receptor type B	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
31712626-9	2019	In summary, in hypertension, pioglitazone shifts the vascular ETA/ETB ratio, reduces ROS/COX-2 activation and increases NO availability; these changes explain the effect of ET-1 decreasing phenylephrine-induced contraction.	Pioglitazone	29-41	endothelin receptor type B	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
31712626-9	2019	In summary, in hypertension, pioglitazone shifts the vascular ETA/ETB ratio, reduces ROS/COX-2 activation and increases NO availability; these changes explain the effect of ET-1 decreasing phenylephrine-induced contraction.	Pioglitazone	29-41	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	89-94
31712626-9	2019	In summary, in hypertension, pioglitazone shifts the vascular ETA/ETB ratio, reduces ROS/COX-2 activation and increases NO availability; these changes explain the effect of ET-1 decreasing phenylephrine-induced contraction.	Pioglitazone	29-41	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	173-177
31683341-0	2019	Treatment with Metformin and Combination of Metformin Plus Pioglitazone on Serum Levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.	Pioglitazone	59-71	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	91-95
31683341-0	2019	Treatment with Metformin and Combination of Metformin Plus Pioglitazone on Serum Levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.	Pioglitazone	59-71	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	100-104
31683341-14	2019	Combination of metformin and pioglitazone therapy was more effective as compared to metformin alone in reducing the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 as well as insulin resistance in PCOS.	Pioglitazone	29-41	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	126-130
31683341-14	2019	Combination of metformin and pioglitazone therapy was more effective as compared to metformin alone in reducing the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 as well as insulin resistance in PCOS.	Pioglitazone	29-41	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	135-139
31683341-14	2019	Combination of metformin and pioglitazone therapy was more effective as compared to metformin alone in reducing the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 as well as insulin resistance in PCOS.	Pioglitazone	29-41	insulin	Homo sapiens	151-158
31425380-6	2019	RESULTS: PGT and STN lowered lipid peroxidation rate, nitric oxide concentration, and activity of myeloperoxidase and CK/MB in the heart.	Pioglitazone	9-12	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	98-113
31425380-6	2019	RESULTS: PGT and STN lowered lipid peroxidation rate, nitric oxide concentration, and activity of myeloperoxidase and CK/MB in the heart.	Pioglitazone	9-12	myoglobin	Rattus norvegicus	118-123
31408377-7	2019	In patients with T2D enrolled in the intervention trial, antidiabetic treatment with either glyburide, metformin or pioglitazone resulted in significant reduction of circulating OPG (P=0.001), without changes in the other biomarkers and vasodilator responses (all P&gt;0.05).	Pioglitazone	116-128	TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Homo sapiens	178-181
31712626-0	2019	Pioglitazone Modulates the Vascular Contractility in Hypertension by Interference with ET-1 Pathway.	Pioglitazone	0-12	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-91
31712626-5	2019	In SHR, the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (2.5 mg/Kg day, 28 days) reduced the increased ETA levels and increased those of ETB.	Pioglitazone	30-42	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	12-21
31016475-0	2019	Reverting Metabolic Dysfunction in Cortex and Cerebellum of APP/PS1 Mice, a Model for Alzheimer"s Disease by Pioglitazone, a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARgamma) Agonist.	Pioglitazone	109-121	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	64-67
31016475-0	2019	Reverting Metabolic Dysfunction in Cortex and Cerebellum of APP/PS1 Mice, a Model for Alzheimer"s Disease by Pioglitazone, a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARgamma) Agonist.	Pioglitazone	109-121	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	125-193
31016475-9	2019	Treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (PIO) successfully restored the energy metabolism, lowered amyloid-beta levels and afforded the APP/PS1 mice a better antioxidative capacity in their cortex.	Pioglitazone	88-100	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	19-67
31016475-9	2019	Treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (PIO) successfully restored the energy metabolism, lowered amyloid-beta levels and afforded the APP/PS1 mice a better antioxidative capacity in their cortex.	Pioglitazone	88-100	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	69-78
31016475-9	2019	Treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (PIO) successfully restored the energy metabolism, lowered amyloid-beta levels and afforded the APP/PS1 mice a better antioxidative capacity in their cortex.	Pioglitazone	88-100	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	201-204
31016475-9	2019	Treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (PIO) successfully restored the energy metabolism, lowered amyloid-beta levels and afforded the APP/PS1 mice a better antioxidative capacity in their cortex.	Pioglitazone	102-105	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	19-67
31016475-9	2019	Treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (PIO) successfully restored the energy metabolism, lowered amyloid-beta levels and afforded the APP/PS1 mice a better antioxidative capacity in their cortex.	Pioglitazone	102-105	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	69-78
31016475-9	2019	Treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (PIO) successfully restored the energy metabolism, lowered amyloid-beta levels and afforded the APP/PS1 mice a better antioxidative capacity in their cortex.	Pioglitazone	102-105	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	201-204
31494238-7	2019	During the in-vivo studies, both the selected PG-loaded SC and the unmedicated SC showed a significant improvement in the healing process compared to the untreated group, this was evidenced by the measurement of wound contraction % [627% and 467%, respectively, p < 0.05], as well as the level of some biomarkers (TNF-alpha, VEGF and MMP-9).	Pioglitazone	46-48	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	314-323
31494238-7	2019	During the in-vivo studies, both the selected PG-loaded SC and the unmedicated SC showed a significant improvement in the healing process compared to the untreated group, this was evidenced by the measurement of wound contraction % [627% and 467%, respectively, p < 0.05], as well as the level of some biomarkers (TNF-alpha, VEGF and MMP-9).	Pioglitazone	46-48	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	325-329
31494238-7	2019	During the in-vivo studies, both the selected PG-loaded SC and the unmedicated SC showed a significant improvement in the healing process compared to the untreated group, this was evidenced by the measurement of wound contraction % [627% and 467%, respectively, p < 0.05], as well as the level of some biomarkers (TNF-alpha, VEGF and MMP-9).	Pioglitazone	46-48	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Rattus norvegicus	334-339
31314915-7	2019	Meanwhile, intrathecal injection of the Cdk5 inhibitor roscovitine, the mitogen-activated ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126 and the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone prevented or reversed behavioural allodynia, increased pPPARgamma expression, inhibited astrocyte activation and alleviated proinflammatory cytokine (tumour necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6) release from activated astrocytes.	Pioglitazone	149-161	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	131-140
31215278-1	2019	Aim: The effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist pioglitazone on the brain tissues oxidative damage and learning and memory impairment in the juvenile hypothyroid rats was evaluated.	Pioglitazone	89-101	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
31215278-12	2019	Significance: Our finding in the present study indicated that PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone prevented the brain tissues from oxidative damage and learning and memory impairments in juvenile hypothyroid rats.	Pioglitazone	80-92	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	62-71
31506251-0	2019	Pioglitazone downregulates Twist-1 expression in the kidney and protects renal function of Zucker diabetic fatty rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	twist family bHLH transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-34
31506251-3	2019	Previous studies have demonstrated that pioglitazone (PIO), a PPAR-gamma agonists, can ameliorate renal fibrosis and protect renal function.	Pioglitazone	40-52	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
31506251-3	2019	Previous studies have demonstrated that pioglitazone (PIO), a PPAR-gamma agonists, can ameliorate renal fibrosis and protect renal function.	Pioglitazone	54-57	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
31506251-13	2019	CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that PIO can downregulate Twist-1 expression in the kidney, inhibit renal fibrosis and protect renal function in ZDF rats.	Pioglitazone	35-38	twist family bHLH transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-63
31314915-7	2019	Meanwhile, intrathecal injection of the Cdk5 inhibitor roscovitine, the mitogen-activated ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126 and the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone prevented or reversed behavioural allodynia, increased pPPARgamma expression, inhibited astrocyte activation and alleviated proinflammatory cytokine (tumour necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6) release from activated astrocytes.	Pioglitazone	149-161	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	342-350
31314915-7	2019	Meanwhile, intrathecal injection of the Cdk5 inhibitor roscovitine, the mitogen-activated ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126 and the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone prevented or reversed behavioural allodynia, increased pPPARgamma expression, inhibited astrocyte activation and alleviated proinflammatory cytokine (tumour necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6) release from activated astrocytes.	Pioglitazone	149-161	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	356-360
32274400-1	2019	Background: Neuroprotective mechanisms triggered by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist: pioglitazone (PIO) and glucagon-like peptide 1 analog: exendin-4 (Ex-4) in neurological diseases were reported, but whether mitochondrial biogenesis is involved or not in their neuro-protective mechanisms in type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM); has not been studied before.	Pioglitazone	110-122	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	52-100
32274400-1	2019	Background: Neuroprotective mechanisms triggered by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist: pioglitazone (PIO) and glucagon-like peptide 1 analog: exendin-4 (Ex-4) in neurological diseases were reported, but whether mitochondrial biogenesis is involved or not in their neuro-protective mechanisms in type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM); has not been studied before.	Pioglitazone	124-127	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	52-100
31087620-8	2019	However, the HR was 1.20 (1.01-1.42) when cohorts were restricted to new users, censored upon treatment change, and when DPP-4 was used as the referent, suggesting an increased risk of bladder cancer associated with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	216-228	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	121-126
31541141-9	2019	Taken together, reducing proinflammatory cytokine expression in the cerebral tissues after TBI by PG administration and prior to hMSC therapy improves the outcome of the therapy in which BDNF could have a role.	Pioglitazone	98-100	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	187-191
31254585-0	2019	Pioglitazone attenuates kidney fibrosis via miR-21-5p modulation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	microRNA 215	Mus musculus	44-53
31376066-11	2019	Median HbA1c at index date was 7.8% and 8.8% in incident pioglitazone and insulin cohorts, and 7.5% and 7.6% in prevalent pioglitazone and insulin cohorts, respectively.	Pioglitazone	57-69	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	7-11
31279153-3	2019	Pioglitazone (PIO) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist widely repositioned as an adjuvant of various drugs that have toxic effects due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	24-72
31279153-3	2019	Pioglitazone (PIO) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist widely repositioned as an adjuvant of various drugs that have toxic effects due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	24-72
31254585-5	2019	The results showed that pioglitazone inhibited Smad-2/3 phosphorylation, upregulated Smad-7 expression and downregulated miR-21-5p expression in TGF-beta1-exposed HK-2 cells.	Pioglitazone	24-36	SMAD family member 2	Mus musculus	47-55
31254585-5	2019	The results showed that pioglitazone inhibited Smad-2/3 phosphorylation, upregulated Smad-7 expression and downregulated miR-21-5p expression in TGF-beta1-exposed HK-2 cells.	Pioglitazone	24-36	SMAD family member 7	Mus musculus	85-91
31254585-5	2019	The results showed that pioglitazone inhibited Smad-2/3 phosphorylation, upregulated Smad-7 expression and downregulated miR-21-5p expression in TGF-beta1-exposed HK-2 cells.	Pioglitazone	24-36	microRNA 215	Mus musculus	121-130
31254585-5	2019	The results showed that pioglitazone inhibited Smad-2/3 phosphorylation, upregulated Smad-7 expression and downregulated miR-21-5p expression in TGF-beta1-exposed HK-2 cells.	Pioglitazone	24-36	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	145-154
31254585-6	2019	In addition, miR-21-5p inhibitors replicated the anti-fibrotic effects of pioglitazone, and miR-21-5p mimics inhibited these effects.	Pioglitazone	74-86	microRNA 215	Mus musculus	13-21
31254585-6	2019	In addition, miR-21-5p inhibitors replicated the anti-fibrotic effects of pioglitazone, and miR-21-5p mimics inhibited these effects.	Pioglitazone	74-86	microRNA 215	Mus musculus	13-22
31254585-8	2019	Whereas, agomir of miR-21-5p inhibited the renoprotective function of pioglitazone in UUO mice.	Pioglitazone	70-82	microRNA 215	Mus musculus	19-28
31254585-9	2019	In conclusion, the present data suggest that modulation of miR-21-5p/Smad-7 signal may be involved in the anti-fibrotic effect of pioglitazone in the kidney of UUO mice.	Pioglitazone	130-142	microRNA 215	Mus musculus	59-68
31254585-9	2019	In conclusion, the present data suggest that modulation of miR-21-5p/Smad-7 signal may be involved in the anti-fibrotic effect of pioglitazone in the kidney of UUO mice.	Pioglitazone	130-142	SMAD family member 7	Mus musculus	69-75
31177048-3	2019	Herein, a simple, robust, and sensitive reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of metformin (MET) and pioglitazone (PGT) in rat plasma using canagliflozin (CAN) as internal standards (IS) was developed and fully validated.	Pioglitazone	229-232	MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	206-209
31472696-12	2019	Although DHT treatment enhanced the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp2) mRNA, pioglitazone exposure suppressed induction of Bmp2 mRNA by DHT.	Pioglitazone	92-104	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Mus musculus	138-142
31472696-13	2019	Vegf mRNA and protein expression were also significantly reduced when pioglitazone was added to culture media containing DHT.Administration of pioglitazone negatively affected follicular growth and VEGF levels, which may suppress excessive follicular growth and prevent ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.	Pioglitazone	70-82	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	0-4
31472696-13	2019	Vegf mRNA and protein expression were also significantly reduced when pioglitazone was added to culture media containing DHT.Administration of pioglitazone negatively affected follicular growth and VEGF levels, which may suppress excessive follicular growth and prevent ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.	Pioglitazone	70-82	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	198-202
31472696-13	2019	Vegf mRNA and protein expression were also significantly reduced when pioglitazone was added to culture media containing DHT.Administration of pioglitazone negatively affected follicular growth and VEGF levels, which may suppress excessive follicular growth and prevent ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.	Pioglitazone	143-155	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	0-4
31472696-13	2019	Vegf mRNA and protein expression were also significantly reduced when pioglitazone was added to culture media containing DHT.Administration of pioglitazone negatively affected follicular growth and VEGF levels, which may suppress excessive follicular growth and prevent ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.	Pioglitazone	143-155	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	198-202
31277946-5	2019	Activation of PPARgamma by pioglitazone suppressed S1P-induced activation of calcineurin/NFATc3 signaling pathway and followed OPN up-regulation.	Pioglitazone	27-39	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	14-23
31277946-5	2019	Activation of PPARgamma by pioglitazone suppressed S1P-induced activation of calcineurin/NFATc3 signaling pathway and followed OPN up-regulation.	Pioglitazone	27-39	nuclear factor of activated T-cells 3	Rattus norvegicus	89-95
31277946-5	2019	Activation of PPARgamma by pioglitazone suppressed S1P-induced activation of calcineurin/NFATc3 signaling pathway and followed OPN up-regulation.	Pioglitazone	27-39	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	127-130
31177048-8	2019	The peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of MET was significantly influenced by the concomitant administration of PGT at equal concentration and vice versa.	Pioglitazone	161-164	MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
31177048-9	2019	PGT affected the absorption and elimination rate of MET via inhibition of organic cationic transporter (OCT).	Pioglitazone	0-3	MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
31292457-2	2019	A reduction of hepatic triglyceride content (HTGC) by pioglitazone or caloric restriction is accompanied by a decrease in circulating CETP.	Pioglitazone	54-66	cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens	134-138
31128204-0	2019	Beneficial effects of pioglitazone, a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist in prenatal valproic acid-induced behavioral and biochemical autistic like features in Wistar rats.	Pioglitazone	22-34	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	48-96
30623373-7	2019	It was found that pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist, could attenuate pilocarpine-induced seizure severity in mice.	Pioglitazone	18-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	34-44
31176759-0	2019	Adiponectin is required for pioglitazone-induced improvements in hepatic steatosis in mice fed a high-fat diet.	Pioglitazone	28-40	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	0-11
31176759-2	2019	The role of adiponectin in pioglitazone-induced improvements in NAFLD was studied by using wild-type (adipoWT) and adiponectin knockout (adipoKO) mice.	Pioglitazone	27-39	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	12-23
31176759-5	2019	Amelioration of NAFLD in adipoWT mice promoted by pioglitazone was associated with up-regulation of Pparg, Fgf21 and down-regulation of Pepck liver expression.	Pioglitazone	50-62	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	100-105
31176759-5	2019	Amelioration of NAFLD in adipoWT mice promoted by pioglitazone was associated with up-regulation of Pparg, Fgf21 and down-regulation of Pepck liver expression.	Pioglitazone	50-62	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	107-112
31176759-6	2019	On the other hand, resistance to pioglitazone treatment in adipoKO mice was associated with increased expression of miR-192 and Hsl, which was not followed by increased fatty acid oxidation.	Pioglitazone	33-45	microRNA 192	Mus musculus	116-123
31176759-6	2019	On the other hand, resistance to pioglitazone treatment in adipoKO mice was associated with increased expression of miR-192 and Hsl, which was not followed by increased fatty acid oxidation.	Pioglitazone	33-45	lipase, hormone sensitive	Mus musculus	128-131
31176759-7	2019	In conclusion, our data provides evidence that increased adiponectin production by pioglitazone is necessary for its beneficial action on NAFLD.	Pioglitazone	83-95	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	57-68
31132685-0	2019	PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone reduces microglial proliferation and NF-kappaB activation in the substantia nigra in the 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson"s disease.	Pioglitazone	19-31	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
31132685-3	2019	METHODS: The effects of a 5-day administration of the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone (30 mg/kg) in male Wistar rats that received bilateral intranigral infusions of 6-OHDA.	Pioglitazone	73-85	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
31371757-2	2019	However, the use of PPARgamma-targeted drugs, such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, is limited owing to serious side effects caused by classical agonism.	Pioglitazone	72-84	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	20-29
31277592-0	2019	The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone prevents TGF-beta induced renal fibrosis by repressing EGR-1 and STAT3.	Pioglitazone	22-34	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	4-13
31379559-0	2019	Pioglitazone Reduces beta Amyloid Levels via Inhibition of PPARgamma Phosphorylation in a Neuronal Model of Alzheimer"s Disease.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	59-68
31277592-0	2019	The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone prevents TGF-beta induced renal fibrosis by repressing EGR-1 and STAT3.	Pioglitazone	22-34	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	44-52
31277592-0	2019	The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone prevents TGF-beta induced renal fibrosis by repressing EGR-1 and STAT3.	Pioglitazone	22-34	early growth response 1	Mus musculus	90-95
31379559-7	2019	The present study confirmed this hypothesis by showing that PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone attenuated the neuronal apoptosis of primary rat hippocampal neurons induced by Abeta1-42, downregulated CDK5 expression, weakened the binding of CDK5 to PPARgamma, reduced PPARgamma phosphorylation, increased the expression of PPARgamma and IDE, decreased the expression of BACE1, reduced APP production, and downregulated intraneuronal Abeta1-42 levels.	Pioglitazone	78-90	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	60-69
31277592-0	2019	The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone prevents TGF-beta induced renal fibrosis by repressing EGR-1 and STAT3.	Pioglitazone	22-34	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	100-105
31379559-7	2019	The present study confirmed this hypothesis by showing that PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone attenuated the neuronal apoptosis of primary rat hippocampal neurons induced by Abeta1-42, downregulated CDK5 expression, weakened the binding of CDK5 to PPARgamma, reduced PPARgamma phosphorylation, increased the expression of PPARgamma and IDE, decreased the expression of BACE1, reduced APP production, and downregulated intraneuronal Abeta1-42 levels.	Pioglitazone	78-90	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Rattus norvegicus	196-200
31379559-7	2019	The present study confirmed this hypothesis by showing that PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone attenuated the neuronal apoptosis of primary rat hippocampal neurons induced by Abeta1-42, downregulated CDK5 expression, weakened the binding of CDK5 to PPARgamma, reduced PPARgamma phosphorylation, increased the expression of PPARgamma and IDE, decreased the expression of BACE1, reduced APP production, and downregulated intraneuronal Abeta1-42 levels.	Pioglitazone	78-90	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Rattus norvegicus	237-241
31379559-7	2019	The present study confirmed this hypothesis by showing that PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone attenuated the neuronal apoptosis of primary rat hippocampal neurons induced by Abeta1-42, downregulated CDK5 expression, weakened the binding of CDK5 to PPARgamma, reduced PPARgamma phosphorylation, increased the expression of PPARgamma and IDE, decreased the expression of BACE1, reduced APP production, and downregulated intraneuronal Abeta1-42 levels.	Pioglitazone	78-90	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	245-254
31379559-7	2019	The present study confirmed this hypothesis by showing that PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone attenuated the neuronal apoptosis of primary rat hippocampal neurons induced by Abeta1-42, downregulated CDK5 expression, weakened the binding of CDK5 to PPARgamma, reduced PPARgamma phosphorylation, increased the expression of PPARgamma and IDE, decreased the expression of BACE1, reduced APP production, and downregulated intraneuronal Abeta1-42 levels.	Pioglitazone	78-90	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	245-254
31379559-7	2019	The present study confirmed this hypothesis by showing that PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone attenuated the neuronal apoptosis of primary rat hippocampal neurons induced by Abeta1-42, downregulated CDK5 expression, weakened the binding of CDK5 to PPARgamma, reduced PPARgamma phosphorylation, increased the expression of PPARgamma and IDE, decreased the expression of BACE1, reduced APP production, and downregulated intraneuronal Abeta1-42 levels.	Pioglitazone	78-90	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	245-254
31277592-3	2019	We hypothesized that oral pioglitazone treatment would inhibit TGF-beta-driven renal fibrosis and its progression, by modulating profibrotic transcription factors in TGF-beta1 transgenic mice.	Pioglitazone	26-38	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	63-71
31379559-7	2019	The present study confirmed this hypothesis by showing that PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone attenuated the neuronal apoptosis of primary rat hippocampal neurons induced by Abeta1-42, downregulated CDK5 expression, weakened the binding of CDK5 to PPARgamma, reduced PPARgamma phosphorylation, increased the expression of PPARgamma and IDE, decreased the expression of BACE1, reduced APP production, and downregulated intraneuronal Abeta1-42 levels.	Pioglitazone	78-90	insulin degrading enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	333-336
31277592-3	2019	We hypothesized that oral pioglitazone treatment would inhibit TGF-beta-driven renal fibrosis and its progression, by modulating profibrotic transcription factors in TGF-beta1 transgenic mice.	Pioglitazone	26-38	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	166-175
31277592-8	2019	RESULTS: TGF-beta1 induced glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial damage were significantly reduced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	106-118	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	9-18
31379559-7	2019	The present study confirmed this hypothesis by showing that PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone attenuated the neuronal apoptosis of primary rat hippocampal neurons induced by Abeta1-42, downregulated CDK5 expression, weakened the binding of CDK5 to PPARgamma, reduced PPARgamma phosphorylation, increased the expression of PPARgamma and IDE, decreased the expression of BACE1, reduced APP production, and downregulated intraneuronal Abeta1-42 levels.	Pioglitazone	78-90	beta-secretase 1	Rattus norvegicus	366-371
31277592-9	2019	Pioglitazone inhibited renal mRNA expression of all the profibrotic effectors: type-III collagen, TGF-beta1, CTGF and TIMP-1, and alike transcription factors cFos/cJun and protein expression of EGR-1, and STAT3 protein phosphorylation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	98-107
31379559-9	2019	After CDK5 silencing with CDK5 shRNA, the above effect of pioglitazone was not observed, except when upregulating the expression of PPARgamma in Abeta1-42 treated neurons.	Pioglitazone	58-70	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
31277592-9	2019	Pioglitazone inhibited renal mRNA expression of all the profibrotic effectors: type-III collagen, TGF-beta1, CTGF and TIMP-1, and alike transcription factors cFos/cJun and protein expression of EGR-1, and STAT3 protein phosphorylation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cellular communication network factor 2	Mus musculus	109-113
31379559-10	2019	In conclusion, this study demonstrated that pioglitazone could inhibit the phosphorylation of PPARgamma in vitro by inhibiting CDK5 expression, which in turn affected the expression of PPARgamma target genes Ide and Bace1, thereby promoting Abeta degradation and reducing Abeta production.	Pioglitazone	44-56	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	94-103
31379559-10	2019	In conclusion, this study demonstrated that pioglitazone could inhibit the phosphorylation of PPARgamma in vitro by inhibiting CDK5 expression, which in turn affected the expression of PPARgamma target genes Ide and Bace1, thereby promoting Abeta degradation and reducing Abeta production.	Pioglitazone	44-56	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Rattus norvegicus	127-131
31277592-9	2019	Pioglitazone inhibited renal mRNA expression of all the profibrotic effectors: type-III collagen, TGF-beta1, CTGF and TIMP-1, and alike transcription factors cFos/cJun and protein expression of EGR-1, and STAT3 protein phosphorylation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1	Mus musculus	118-124
31379559-10	2019	In conclusion, this study demonstrated that pioglitazone could inhibit the phosphorylation of PPARgamma in vitro by inhibiting CDK5 expression, which in turn affected the expression of PPARgamma target genes Ide and Bace1, thereby promoting Abeta degradation and reducing Abeta production.	Pioglitazone	44-56	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	185-194
31379559-10	2019	In conclusion, this study demonstrated that pioglitazone could inhibit the phosphorylation of PPARgamma in vitro by inhibiting CDK5 expression, which in turn affected the expression of PPARgamma target genes Ide and Bace1, thereby promoting Abeta degradation and reducing Abeta production.	Pioglitazone	44-56	insulin degrading enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	208-211
31462196-4	2019	The augmented Cd-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis on preincubation with pioglitazone were inhibited by prior treatment with GW 9662 (PPAR-gamma antagonist).	Pioglitazone	74-86	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Sus scrofa	135-145
31277592-9	2019	Pioglitazone inhibited renal mRNA expression of all the profibrotic effectors: type-III collagen, TGF-beta1, CTGF and TIMP-1, and alike transcription factors cFos/cJun and protein expression of EGR-1, and STAT3 protein phosphorylation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	158-162
31379559-10	2019	In conclusion, this study demonstrated that pioglitazone could inhibit the phosphorylation of PPARgamma in vitro by inhibiting CDK5 expression, which in turn affected the expression of PPARgamma target genes Ide and Bace1, thereby promoting Abeta degradation and reducing Abeta production.	Pioglitazone	44-56	beta-secretase 1	Rattus norvegicus	216-221
31379559-10	2019	In conclusion, this study demonstrated that pioglitazone could inhibit the phosphorylation of PPARgamma in vitro by inhibiting CDK5 expression, which in turn affected the expression of PPARgamma target genes Ide and Bace1, thereby promoting Abeta degradation and reducing Abeta production.	Pioglitazone	44-56	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	241-246
31277592-9	2019	Pioglitazone inhibited renal mRNA expression of all the profibrotic effectors: type-III collagen, TGF-beta1, CTGF and TIMP-1, and alike transcription factors cFos/cJun and protein expression of EGR-1, and STAT3 protein phosphorylation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	163-167
31277592-9	2019	Pioglitazone inhibited renal mRNA expression of all the profibrotic effectors: type-III collagen, TGF-beta1, CTGF and TIMP-1, and alike transcription factors cFos/cJun and protein expression of EGR-1, and STAT3 protein phosphorylation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	early growth response 1	Mus musculus	194-199
31277592-9	2019	Pioglitazone inhibited renal mRNA expression of all the profibrotic effectors: type-III collagen, TGF-beta1, CTGF and TIMP-1, and alike transcription factors cFos/cJun and protein expression of EGR-1, and STAT3 protein phosphorylation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	205-210
31277592-10	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Oral administration of PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone significantly reduces TGF-beta1-driven renal fibrosis, via the attenuation of EGR-1, STAT3 and AP-1.	Pioglitazone	54-66	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	36-45
31277592-10	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Oral administration of PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone significantly reduces TGF-beta1-driven renal fibrosis, via the attenuation of EGR-1, STAT3 and AP-1.	Pioglitazone	54-66	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	89-98
31277592-10	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Oral administration of PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone significantly reduces TGF-beta1-driven renal fibrosis, via the attenuation of EGR-1, STAT3 and AP-1.	Pioglitazone	54-66	early growth response 1	Mus musculus	145-150
31277592-10	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Oral administration of PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone significantly reduces TGF-beta1-driven renal fibrosis, via the attenuation of EGR-1, STAT3 and AP-1.	Pioglitazone	54-66	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	152-157
31059842-9	2019	Pioglitazone had no significant effect on the secretion of CXCL8 stimulated by TNFalpha, while inhibited CXCL10.	Pioglitazone	0-12	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10	Homo sapiens	105-111
31091119-0	2019	Pioglitazone decreased renal calcium oxalate crystal formation by suppressing M1 macrophage polarization via the PPAR-gamma-miR-23 axis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	113-123
31091119-16	2019	This study has proven that PGZ decreased renal calcium oxalate crystal formation and renal inflammatory injury by suppressing M1 Mp polarization through a PPAR-gamma-miR-23-interferon regulatory factor 1/Pknox1 axis.	Pioglitazone	27-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	155-165
31091119-16	2019	This study has proven that PGZ decreased renal calcium oxalate crystal formation and renal inflammatory injury by suppressing M1 Mp polarization through a PPAR-gamma-miR-23-interferon regulatory factor 1/Pknox1 axis.	Pioglitazone	27-30	interferon regulatory factor 1	Mus musculus	173-203
31091119-16	2019	This study has proven that PGZ decreased renal calcium oxalate crystal formation and renal inflammatory injury by suppressing M1 Mp polarization through a PPAR-gamma-miR-23-interferon regulatory factor 1/Pknox1 axis.	Pioglitazone	27-30	Pbx/knotted 1 homeobox	Mus musculus	204-210
31037926-0	2019	Impact of Metformin and Pioglitazone on Serum Level of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Lipid Profiles during Implantation Window in Diabetic Rats.	Pioglitazone	24-36	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	55-82
31096071-0	2019	Pioglitazone suppresses macrophage proliferation in apolipoprotein-E deficient mice by activating PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	52-68
31096071-0	2019	Pioglitazone suppresses macrophage proliferation in apolipoprotein-E deficient mice by activating PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	98-107
31096071-7	2019	RESULTS: Atherosclerosis progression was suppressed in aortic sinuses of pioglitazone-treated Apoe-/- mice, which showed fewer proliferating macrophages in plaques.	Pioglitazone	73-85	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	94-98
31096071-9	2019	However, treatment with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) siRNA ameliorated pioglitazone-induced suppression of macrophage proliferation.	Pioglitazone	103-115	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	24-72
31096071-9	2019	However, treatment with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) siRNA ameliorated pioglitazone-induced suppression of macrophage proliferation.	Pioglitazone	103-115	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	74-83
31096071-10	2019	Low concentrations (less than 100 mumol/L) of pioglitazone, which can suppress macrophage proliferation, activated PPARgamma in macrophages, but did not induce macrophage apoptosis.	Pioglitazone	46-58	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	115-124
31096071-12	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone suppressed macrophage proliferation through PPARgamma without inducing macrophage apoptosis.	Pioglitazone	13-25	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	70-79
30981079-0	2019	PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone protects against IL-17 induced intervertebral disc inflammation and degeneration via suppression of NF-kappaB signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	19-31	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-10
30981079-0	2019	PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone protects against IL-17 induced intervertebral disc inflammation and degeneration via suppression of NF-kappaB signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	19-31	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	49-54
30981079-5	2019	This study was undertaken to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of pioglitazone, as a PPAR-gamma ligand, and its underlying molecular mechanism in IL-17-induced human intervertebral disc degeneration model in vitro.	Pioglitazone	77-89	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	96-106
30981079-5	2019	This study was undertaken to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of pioglitazone, as a PPAR-gamma ligand, and its underlying molecular mechanism in IL-17-induced human intervertebral disc degeneration model in vitro.	Pioglitazone	77-89	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	157-162
31037926-15	2019	Conclusion: Metformin and pioglitazone have similar effects on glucose, lipid profiles and TNF-alpha serum levels.	Pioglitazone	26-38	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	91-100
31037926-16	2019	Among these drugs, pioglitazone has more efficient influence on TNF-alpha serum level, in comparison with metformin.	Pioglitazone	19-31	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	64-73
31063919-10	2019	Pioglitazone (PIO), an insulin sensitizer, effectively relieved the accumulation of Beclin-1 and ATG12 as well as the synaptic proteins synchronized with the reverses of insulin and energy sensing signals.	Pioglitazone	0-12	beclin 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-92
31063919-10	2019	Pioglitazone (PIO), an insulin sensitizer, effectively relieved the accumulation of Beclin-1 and ATG12 as well as the synaptic proteins synchronized with the reverses of insulin and energy sensing signals.	Pioglitazone	0-12	autophagy related 12	Rattus norvegicus	97-102
31063919-10	2019	Pioglitazone (PIO), an insulin sensitizer, effectively relieved the accumulation of Beclin-1 and ATG12 as well as the synaptic proteins synchronized with the reverses of insulin and energy sensing signals.	Pioglitazone	14-17	beclin 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-92
31063919-10	2019	Pioglitazone (PIO), an insulin sensitizer, effectively relieved the accumulation of Beclin-1 and ATG12 as well as the synaptic proteins synchronized with the reverses of insulin and energy sensing signals.	Pioglitazone	14-17	autophagy related 12	Rattus norvegicus	97-102
31253783-8	2019	Pioglitazone significantly rescues excessive intimal hyperplasia in Nlrc5-/- mice and attenuates the increased proliferation and dedifferentiation in NLRC5-deficient HASMCs.	Pioglitazone	0-12	NLR family, CARD domain containing 5	Mus musculus	68-73
31316549-5	2019	Treatment with PGZ significantly increased mRNA and protein levels of PGC-1alpha.	Pioglitazone	15-18	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Sus scrofa	70-80
31263138-5	2019	Here we show that treatment with PPARgamma agonists (rosiglitazone or pioglitazone) in primary cultures of mouse glial cells reversed EcoHIV-induced inflammatory genes (TNFalpha, IL-1beta, CCL2, CCL3, CXCL10) and indicator of oxidative stress (iNOS).	Pioglitazone	70-82	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	33-42
31263138-5	2019	Here we show that treatment with PPARgamma agonists (rosiglitazone or pioglitazone) in primary cultures of mouse glial cells reversed EcoHIV-induced inflammatory genes (TNFalpha, IL-1beta, CCL2, CCL3, CXCL10) and indicator of oxidative stress (iNOS).	Pioglitazone	70-82	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	169-177
31263138-5	2019	Here we show that treatment with PPARgamma agonists (rosiglitazone or pioglitazone) in primary cultures of mouse glial cells reversed EcoHIV-induced inflammatory genes (TNFalpha, IL-1beta, CCL2, CCL3, CXCL10) and indicator of oxidative stress (iNOS).	Pioglitazone	70-82	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	179-187
31263138-5	2019	Here we show that treatment with PPARgamma agonists (rosiglitazone or pioglitazone) in primary cultures of mouse glial cells reversed EcoHIV-induced inflammatory genes (TNFalpha, IL-1beta, CCL2, CCL3, CXCL10) and indicator of oxidative stress (iNOS).	Pioglitazone	70-82	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	189-193
31263138-5	2019	Here we show that treatment with PPARgamma agonists (rosiglitazone or pioglitazone) in primary cultures of mouse glial cells reversed EcoHIV-induced inflammatory genes (TNFalpha, IL-1beta, CCL2, CCL3, CXCL10) and indicator of oxidative stress (iNOS).	Pioglitazone	70-82	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3	Mus musculus	195-199
31263138-5	2019	Here we show that treatment with PPARgamma agonists (rosiglitazone or pioglitazone) in primary cultures of mouse glial cells reversed EcoHIV-induced inflammatory genes (TNFalpha, IL-1beta, CCL2, CCL3, CXCL10) and indicator of oxidative stress (iNOS).	Pioglitazone	70-82	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10	Mus musculus	201-207
31253783-8	2019	Pioglitazone significantly rescues excessive intimal hyperplasia in Nlrc5-/- mice and attenuates the increased proliferation and dedifferentiation in NLRC5-deficient HASMCs.	Pioglitazone	0-12	NLR family, CARD domain containing 5	Mus musculus	150-155
31263400-2	2019	Pioglitazone (Pio), a pharmacological agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), improves insulin sensitivity and has been suggested to have potential in the management of AD symptoms, albeit through mostly unknown mechanisms.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	53-101
31255176-7	2019	Of note, SCFAs, as well as pioglitazone (a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist), shaped the gut microbiota and ameliorated intestinal epithelial barrier impairment and NLRP6 inflammasome dysfunction in fructose-fed mice.	Pioglitazone	27-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	53-101
31255176-7	2019	Of note, SCFAs, as well as pioglitazone (a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist), shaped the gut microbiota and ameliorated intestinal epithelial barrier impairment and NLRP6 inflammasome dysfunction in fructose-fed mice.	Pioglitazone	27-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	103-113
31263400-2	2019	Pioglitazone (Pio), a pharmacological agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), improves insulin sensitivity and has been suggested to have potential in the management of AD symptoms, albeit through mostly unknown mechanisms.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	103-112
31263400-2	2019	Pioglitazone (Pio), a pharmacological agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), improves insulin sensitivity and has been suggested to have potential in the management of AD symptoms, albeit through mostly unknown mechanisms.	Pioglitazone	0-3	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	53-101
31263400-2	2019	Pioglitazone (Pio), a pharmacological agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), improves insulin sensitivity and has been suggested to have potential in the management of AD symptoms, albeit through mostly unknown mechanisms.	Pioglitazone	0-3	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	103-112
31023188-3	2019	OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that LRP1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1) expression is decreased in PAH, leading to enhancement (disinhibition) of TGFbeta1 signals and that the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone can restore vascular homeostasis and prevent PAH resulting from LRP1 deletion in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs).	Pioglitazone	212-224	LDL receptor related protein 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
32215295-2	2020	Pioglitazone is an activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) that can reduce inflammation following TBI.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	82-91
32215295-9	2020	The obtained results revealed that: 1) increased expression of IL-6, NO and Caspase-3 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients after TBI, and decreased PPARgamma in brain tissue; 2) pioglitazone could improve neurobehavioral and reduce brain edema in rats after TBI; 3) the protective effect of pioglitazone was achieved by activating PPARgamma and reducing NF-kappaB and IL-6.	Pioglitazone	186-198	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	63-67
32215295-9	2020	The obtained results revealed that: 1) increased expression of IL-6, NO and Caspase-3 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients after TBI, and decreased PPARgamma in brain tissue; 2) pioglitazone could improve neurobehavioral and reduce brain edema in rats after TBI; 3) the protective effect of pioglitazone was achieved by activating PPARgamma and reducing NF-kappaB and IL-6.	Pioglitazone	186-198	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	76-85
32215295-9	2020	The obtained results revealed that: 1) increased expression of IL-6, NO and Caspase-3 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients after TBI, and decreased PPARgamma in brain tissue; 2) pioglitazone could improve neurobehavioral and reduce brain edema in rats after TBI; 3) the protective effect of pioglitazone was achieved by activating PPARgamma and reducing NF-kappaB and IL-6.	Pioglitazone	186-198	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	156-165
32215295-9	2020	The obtained results revealed that: 1) increased expression of IL-6, NO and Caspase-3 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients after TBI, and decreased PPARgamma in brain tissue; 2) pioglitazone could improve neurobehavioral and reduce brain edema in rats after TBI; 3) the protective effect of pioglitazone was achieved by activating PPARgamma and reducing NF-kappaB and IL-6.	Pioglitazone	186-198	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	339-348
32215295-9	2020	The obtained results revealed that: 1) increased expression of IL-6, NO and Caspase-3 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients after TBI, and decreased PPARgamma in brain tissue; 2) pioglitazone could improve neurobehavioral and reduce brain edema in rats after TBI; 3) the protective effect of pioglitazone was achieved by activating PPARgamma and reducing NF-kappaB and IL-6.	Pioglitazone	186-198	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	362-371
32215295-9	2020	The obtained results revealed that: 1) increased expression of IL-6, NO and Caspase-3 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients after TBI, and decreased PPARgamma in brain tissue; 2) pioglitazone could improve neurobehavioral and reduce brain edema in rats after TBI; 3) the protective effect of pioglitazone was achieved by activating PPARgamma and reducing NF-kappaB and IL-6.	Pioglitazone	186-198	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	376-380
32215295-10	2020	The neuroprotective effect of pioglitazone on TBI was mediated through the PPARgamma/NF-kappaB/IL-6 pathway.	Pioglitazone	30-42	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	75-84
32215295-10	2020	The neuroprotective effect of pioglitazone on TBI was mediated through the PPARgamma/NF-kappaB/IL-6 pathway.	Pioglitazone	30-42	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	85-94
32215295-10	2020	The neuroprotective effect of pioglitazone on TBI was mediated through the PPARgamma/NF-kappaB/IL-6 pathway.	Pioglitazone	30-42	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	95-99
31023188-3	2019	OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that LRP1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1) expression is decreased in PAH, leading to enhancement (disinhibition) of TGFbeta1 signals and that the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone can restore vascular homeostasis and prevent PAH resulting from LRP1 deletion in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs).	Pioglitazone	212-224	LDL receptor related protein 1	Homo sapiens	38-88
31023188-3	2019	OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that LRP1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1) expression is decreased in PAH, leading to enhancement (disinhibition) of TGFbeta1 signals and that the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone can restore vascular homeostasis and prevent PAH resulting from LRP1 deletion in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs).	Pioglitazone	212-224	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	194-203
31023188-5	2019	Pioglitazone inhibited the canonical TGFbeta1-CTGF axis in human pulmonary artery SMC and smLRP1-/- main pulmonary artery (CTGF and NOX4) and reversed PAH in smLRP1-/- mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	37-45
31023188-5	2019	Pioglitazone inhibited the canonical TGFbeta1-CTGF axis in human pulmonary artery SMC and smLRP1-/- main pulmonary artery (CTGF and NOX4) and reversed PAH in smLRP1-/- mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	46-50
31023188-5	2019	Pioglitazone inhibited the canonical TGFbeta1-CTGF axis in human pulmonary artery SMC and smLRP1-/- main pulmonary artery (CTGF and NOX4) and reversed PAH in smLRP1-/- mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	123-127
31023188-5	2019	Pioglitazone inhibited the canonical TGFbeta1-CTGF axis in human pulmonary artery SMC and smLRP1-/- main pulmonary artery (CTGF and NOX4) and reversed PAH in smLRP1-/- mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	NADPH oxidase 4	Homo sapiens	132-136
31023188-7	2019	Pioglitazone-activated PPARgamma binds to Smad3 in human pulmonary artery SMC (coimmunoprecipitation), thereby blocking its phosphorylation and overriding LRP1 deficiency.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	23-32
31023188-7	2019	Pioglitazone-activated PPARgamma binds to Smad3 in human pulmonary artery SMC (coimmunoprecipitation), thereby blocking its phosphorylation and overriding LRP1 deficiency.	Pioglitazone	0-12	SMAD family member 3	Homo sapiens	42-47
31023188-9	2019	Downregulation of LRP1 protein was also demonstrated in explanted PASMC from patients with PAH and accompanied by enhanced TGFbeta1-pSmad3-CTGF signaling and increased TGFbeta1-induced PASMC proliferation that was prevented by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	227-239	LDL receptor related protein 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
31129998-1	2019	Background Thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone, pioglitazone) are oral insulin-sensitizing medications used in type 2 diabetes mellitus that reduce glucose with minimal risk of hypoglycemia and potential benefits on atherosclerosis.	Pioglitazone	46-58	insulin	Homo sapiens	69-76
32215295-0	2020	Pioglitazone ameliorates neuronal damage after traumatic brain injury via the PPARgamma/NF-kappaB/IL-6 signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	78-87
32215295-0	2020	Pioglitazone ameliorates neuronal damage after traumatic brain injury via the PPARgamma/NF-kappaB/IL-6 signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	0-12	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	88-97
32215295-0	2020	Pioglitazone ameliorates neuronal damage after traumatic brain injury via the PPARgamma/NF-kappaB/IL-6 signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	98-102
32215295-2	2020	Pioglitazone is an activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) that can reduce inflammation following TBI.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	32-80
30957417-9	2019	Furthermore, we confirmed that PPARalpha and PPARgamma activation by WY14643 and pioglitazone, respectively, alleviated oleate-induced accumulation of total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol and neutral lipids by accelerating ABC transporter A1/G1-mediated cholesterol efflux.	Pioglitazone	81-93	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	31-40
30301961-11	2019	Moreover, FAM13A overexpression largely blocked adipogenesis induced by a standard hormone cocktail, but adipogenesis can be partially rescued by the addition of PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone at an early stage of differentiation.	Pioglitazone	180-192	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	162-171
30738020-4	2019	Among the different classes of diabetic drugs, pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARgamma agonist classed as an insulin sensitizer, is of the highest interest for AD management.	Pioglitazone	47-59	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	69-78
30957417-9	2019	Furthermore, we confirmed that PPARalpha and PPARgamma activation by WY14643 and pioglitazone, respectively, alleviated oleate-induced accumulation of total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol and neutral lipids by accelerating ABC transporter A1/G1-mediated cholesterol efflux.	Pioglitazone	81-93	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	45-54
30738020-4	2019	Among the different classes of diabetic drugs, pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARgamma agonist classed as an insulin sensitizer, is of the highest interest for AD management.	Pioglitazone	47-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	101-108
30738020-4	2019	Among the different classes of diabetic drugs, pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARgamma agonist classed as an insulin sensitizer, is of the highest interest for AD management.	Pioglitazone	61-64	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	69-78
30728465-12	2019	Pioglitazone blocked the upregulated cleaved caspase-3 expression in MLE-12 cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	caspase 3	Mus musculus	45-54
30738020-4	2019	Among the different classes of diabetic drugs, pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARgamma agonist classed as an insulin sensitizer, is of the highest interest for AD management.	Pioglitazone	61-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	101-108
31151410-8	2019	Pioglitazone (PG) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist which downregulates CCL20 production.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	23-71
31151410-8	2019	Pioglitazone (PG) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist which downregulates CCL20 production.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	73-82
31151410-8	2019	Pioglitazone (PG) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist which downregulates CCL20 production.	Pioglitazone	0-12	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20	Mus musculus	112-117
31151410-8	2019	Pioglitazone (PG) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist which downregulates CCL20 production.	Pioglitazone	14-16	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	23-71
31151410-8	2019	Pioglitazone (PG) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist which downregulates CCL20 production.	Pioglitazone	14-16	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	73-82
31151410-8	2019	Pioglitazone (PG) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist which downregulates CCL20 production.	Pioglitazone	14-16	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20	Mus musculus	112-117
31036753-7	2019	Daily postnatal pioglitazone treatment abolished cognition impairments as well as BDNF and neurotensin disturbances.	Pioglitazone	16-28	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	82-86
30740640-5	2019	RESULTS: Patients receiving pioglitazone showed a significant increase in the concentration of ApoA-I (Delta = 7.2 +- 14.8 mg/dL, p &lt; 0.02) and a reduction in oxApoA-I (Delta = - 1.0 +- 2.6%, p &lt; 0.02); this reduction was not significantly different from glimepiride.	Pioglitazone	28-40	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	95-101
31083336-6	2019	Pioglitazone increases the expression of cellular prion protein (PrPC) in CKD-MSCs, which is dependent on the expression levels of proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1alpha).	Pioglitazone	0-12	prion protein	Homo sapiens	65-69
31083336-6	2019	Pioglitazone increases the expression of cellular prion protein (PrPC) in CKD-MSCs, which is dependent on the expression levels of proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1alpha).	Pioglitazone	0-12	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	190-200
31083336-7	2019	Treatment with pioglitazone is found to protect CKD-MSCs against reactive oxygen species generation, aberrant mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation of complexes I and IV, and aberrant proliferation capacity through the PGC-1alpha-PrPC axis.	Pioglitazone	15-27	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	221-231
31083336-7	2019	Treatment with pioglitazone is found to protect CKD-MSCs against reactive oxygen species generation, aberrant mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation of complexes I and IV, and aberrant proliferation capacity through the PGC-1alpha-PrPC axis.	Pioglitazone	15-27	prion protein	Homo sapiens	232-236
30740640-8	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Long-term treatment with pioglitazone was effective in reducing the oxidation of HDL, but not LDL in patients with DM2, while glimepiride didn"t.	Pioglitazone	38-50	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-14 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	128-131
30734043-1	2019	Importance: In the Insulin Resistance Intervention After Stroke (IRIS) randomized clinical trial, pioglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing agent, reduced the risk for recurrent stroke or myocardial infarction (MI) among patients with insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	98-110	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
31184312-0	2019	Age-dependent effect of PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone on kidney signaling in borderline hypertensive rats.	Pioglitazone	42-54	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	24-33
31184312-1	2019	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a nuclear receptor and nutrition factor which takes part in the cellular signaling by several agonists such as pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	179-191	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	4-52
31184312-1	2019	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a nuclear receptor and nutrition factor which takes part in the cellular signaling by several agonists such as pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	179-191	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	54-63
31204932-6	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone can reverse the adriamycin-resistance in K562/ADR cells that is closely related to the decrease of protein expression of CYP2C8 and CYP2J2.	Pioglitazone	13-25	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	147-153
31204932-6	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone can reverse the adriamycin-resistance in K562/ADR cells that is closely related to the decrease of protein expression of CYP2C8 and CYP2J2.	Pioglitazone	13-25	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily J member 2	Homo sapiens	158-164
30734043-1	2019	Importance: In the Insulin Resistance Intervention After Stroke (IRIS) randomized clinical trial, pioglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing agent, reduced the risk for recurrent stroke or myocardial infarction (MI) among patients with insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	98-110	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
30734043-1	2019	Importance: In the Insulin Resistance Intervention After Stroke (IRIS) randomized clinical trial, pioglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing agent, reduced the risk for recurrent stroke or myocardial infarction (MI) among patients with insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	98-110	insulin	Homo sapiens	230-237
31027492-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Pioglitazone, a synthetic peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR-gamma) ligand, is known as an antidiabetic drug included in the thiazolidinediones (TZDs) class.	Pioglitazone	12-24	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	82-92
30659984-9	2019	Activation of the PPARgamma pathway by pioglitazone in the MIA offspring rescued the imbalance of the microglial activation and ameliorated the MIA-induced suppressed neurogenesis and cognitive impairments and anxiety behaviors.	Pioglitazone	39-51	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	18-27
30896803-0	2019	Pioglitazone prevents sevoflurane-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in a rat model of chronic intermittent hypoxia by upregulating hippocampal PPAR-gamma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	157-167
30896803-3	2019	In the present study, it was examined whether treatment with PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone (PIO) is beneficial in counteracting SEV-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in a rat model of CIH.	Pioglitazone	80-92	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
30896803-3	2019	In the present study, it was examined whether treatment with PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone (PIO) is beneficial in counteracting SEV-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in a rat model of CIH.	Pioglitazone	94-97	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
30759294-7	2019	Moreover, the Glb1 siRNA gene knockdown method and Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Ppargamma) agonist, were applied.	Pioglitazone	51-63	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	67-115
31027492-6	2019	mRNA microarray expression profiling showed a down regulation of MAPK, Myc and Ras genes after treatment with pioglitazone; altered gene expression was confirmed by protein analysis in a dose-related reduction of survivin and phosphorylated proteins levels of MAPK pathway.	Pioglitazone	110-122	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	71-74
31027492-7	2019	Interestingly mRNA microarray analysis showed also that pioglitazone affects TGFbeta pathway, which is important in the epithelial-to-mesenchimal transition (EMT) process, by down-regulating TGFbetaR1 and SMAD3 mRNA expression.	Pioglitazone	56-68	SMAD family member 3	Homo sapiens	205-210
30770307-10	2019	The mean serum alanine aminotransferase in the fourth treatment week was significantly more in pioglitazone group compared to the control group (65.5 vs. 33.6 mg/dL, P = .039).	Pioglitazone	95-107	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	15-39
30770154-4	2019	Here we show that the thiazolidinediones pioglitazone and rosiglitazone along with the mitoNEET ligand, NL-1, bind to NAF-1 with low micromolar affinities.	Pioglitazone	41-53	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2	Homo sapiens	118-123
30770154-5	2019	Further, we show that overexpression of NAF-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells reduces inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	139-151	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2	Homo sapiens	40-45
30845932-5	2019	The effect of PPARgamma activation on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and cell apoptosis were determined with the agonists (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone), the inverse agonist (T0070907), and the antagonist (GW9662) in Umuc-3 and 5637 bladder cancer cells.	Pioglitazone	142-154	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	14-23
30902059-0	2019	Pioglitazone strengthen therapeutic effect of adipose-derived regenerative cells against ischemic cardiomyopathy through enhanced expression of adiponectin and modulation of macrophage phenotype.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	144-155
30902059-5	2019	In the in vitro study, the ADRCs grafts released APN, which was significantly enhanced by the PPARgamma agonist (PGZ, pioglitazone).	Pioglitazone	118-130	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
30902059-5	2019	In the in vitro study, the ADRCs grafts released APN, which was significantly enhanced by the PPARgamma agonist (PGZ, pioglitazone).	Pioglitazone	118-130	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	94-103
30816473-0	2019	Pioglitazone increases VEGFR3 expression and promotes activation of M2 macrophages via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	FMS-like tyrosine kinase 4	Mus musculus	23-29
30816473-0	2019	Pioglitazone increases VEGFR3 expression and promotes activation of M2 macrophages via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	91-139
30816473-1	2019	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone has been widely used in previous studies to ameliorate diabetes mellitus and regulate inflammation.	Pioglitazone	73-85	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	4-52
30816473-1	2019	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone has been widely used in previous studies to ameliorate diabetes mellitus and regulate inflammation.	Pioglitazone	73-85	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	54-63
30816473-4	2019	It was demonstrated that pioglitazone promoted M2 macrophage activation and induced vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) upregulation in a PPARgamma-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	25-37	FMS-like tyrosine kinase 4	Mus musculus	84-129
30816473-4	2019	It was demonstrated that pioglitazone promoted M2 macrophage activation and induced vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) upregulation in a PPARgamma-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	25-37	FMS-like tyrosine kinase 4	Mus musculus	131-137
30816473-4	2019	It was demonstrated that pioglitazone promoted M2 macrophage activation and induced vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) upregulation in a PPARgamma-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	25-37	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	157-166
30816473-5	2019	Furthermore, pioglitazone increased macrophage proliferation and macrophage VEGFR3 expression in a murine unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model; however, it had no therapeutic effect on renal fibrosis in vivo.	Pioglitazone	13-25	FMS-like tyrosine kinase 4	Mus musculus	76-82
30816473-7	2019	In addition, the results demonstrated that macrophage-associated VEGFR3 could be induced by pioglitazone, although it is still unclear what role VEGFR3+ M2 macrophages have in renal fibrosis.	Pioglitazone	92-104	FMS-like tyrosine kinase 4	Mus musculus	65-71
30511276-11	2019	Both pioglitazone and rosiglitazone increased beta-Gal and Ppargamma protein expression in mouse astrocytes in vitro, and this effect was reduced by the VGVAPG peptide.	Pioglitazone	5-17	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	59-68
31334282-2	2019	In this study, we evaluated the effects of pioglitazone on the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in mouse brown adipose tissue (BAT), and on recovery from oxidative stress due to a high-fat diet.	Pioglitazone	43-55	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	63-83
31334282-2	2019	In this study, we evaluated the effects of pioglitazone on the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in mouse brown adipose tissue (BAT), and on recovery from oxidative stress due to a high-fat diet.	Pioglitazone	43-55	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	85-89
30543859-2	2019	We have evaluated the effects of intraperitoneal administration of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonist, on LB in mice tracheal transplant model.	Pioglitazone	67-79	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	83-125
30543859-2	2019	We have evaluated the effects of intraperitoneal administration of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonist, on LB in mice tracheal transplant model.	Pioglitazone	67-79	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	127-131
30926892-7	2019	Pioglitazone monotherapy showed equivalent efficacy as comparators in reducing HbA1c by 0.05% (95% CI: -0.21 to 0.11) and greater efficacy in reducing FBS level by 0.24 mmol/l (95% CI: -0.48 to -0.01).	Pioglitazone	0-12	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	79-83
30845932-10	2019	PPARgamma activation by rosiglitazone and pioglitazone markedly induced cell cycle G2 arrest and apoptosis in bladder cancer cells, which resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation in vitro and suppression of tumor growth in vivo.	Pioglitazone	42-54	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
30706731-4	2019	Pioglitazone is a potent insulin sensitizer, preserves beta-cell function, causes durable reduction in HbA1c, corrects multiple components of metabolic syndrome and improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	25-32
30873215-6	2019	(2) The decreased chemerin/CMKLR1 in the EDM rats were reversed by PPARgamma antagonist GW9662 and further strengthened by PPARgamma agonist pioglitazones.	Pioglitazone	141-154	retinoic acid receptor responder 2	Rattus norvegicus	18-26
30873215-6	2019	(2) The decreased chemerin/CMKLR1 in the EDM rats were reversed by PPARgamma antagonist GW9662 and further strengthened by PPARgamma agonist pioglitazones.	Pioglitazone	141-154	chemerin chemokine-like receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-33
30873215-6	2019	(2) The decreased chemerin/CMKLR1 in the EDM rats were reversed by PPARgamma antagonist GW9662 and further strengthened by PPARgamma agonist pioglitazones.	Pioglitazone	141-154	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	123-132
30867485-0	2019	Low-dose pioglitazone can ameliorate learning and memory impairment in a mouse model of dementia by increasing LRP1 expression in the hippocampus.	Pioglitazone	9-21	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1	Mus musculus	111-115
30867485-2	2019	Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist and is widely used to treat type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	18-66
30867485-2	2019	Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist and is widely used to treat type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	68-78
30867485-3	2019	We previously reported that low-dose pioglitazone increased the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), which upregulates the clearance of Abeta, using human brain microvascular endothelial cells.	Pioglitazone	37-49	LDL receptor related protein 1	Homo sapiens	78-128
30867485-3	2019	We previously reported that low-dose pioglitazone increased the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), which upregulates the clearance of Abeta, using human brain microvascular endothelial cells.	Pioglitazone	37-49	LDL receptor related protein 1	Homo sapiens	130-134
30867485-3	2019	We previously reported that low-dose pioglitazone increased the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), which upregulates the clearance of Abeta, using human brain microvascular endothelial cells.	Pioglitazone	37-49	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	172-177
30867485-4	2019	We investigated whether low-dose pioglitazone can rescue the pathological phenotype and memory impairment in senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8) mice by increasing LRP1 levels.	Pioglitazone	33-45	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1	Mus musculus	173-177
30867485-7	2019	Compared with vehicle treatment, the hippocampi of SAMP8 mice with 2 mg/kg/day of pioglitazone exhibited fewer Abeta deposits and reduced Abeta1-40 levels, along with elevated LRP1 expression (p = 0.005).	Pioglitazone	82-94	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1	Mus musculus	176-180
30259621-0	2019	Pioglitazone prevents the increase in plasma ketone concentration associated with dapagliflozin in insulin-treated T2DM patients: Results from the Qatar Study.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
30259621-5	2019	In the present study, we examined the effect of the addition of dapagliflozin plus pioglitazone on plasma ketone concentration in insulin-treated T2DM patients and compared the results to the effect of dapagliflozin alone.	Pioglitazone	83-95	insulin	Homo sapiens	130-137
30259621-7	2019	Dapagliflozin plus pioglitazone produced a robust decrease in HbA1c (-1.4%) and resulted in a 50% reduction in daily insulin dose, from 133 to 66 units, while dapagliflozin alone caused a 0.8% reduction in HbA1c.	Pioglitazone	19-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	117-124
30259621-9	2019	These results demonstrate that the addition of pioglitazone to dapagliflozin prevents the increase in plasma ketone concentration associated with SGLT2i therapy.	Pioglitazone	47-59	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	146-151
30820023-0	2019	Renal-Protective Effects of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-gamma Agonist Pioglitazone in ob/ob Mice.	Pioglitazone	89-101	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	32-80
31156787-1	2019	Objectives: Pioglitazone (PGZ), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, has significant neuroprotective effects and has been reported to regulate inflammatory processes.	Pioglitazone	12-24	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	34-82
31156787-1	2019	Objectives: Pioglitazone (PGZ), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, has significant neuroprotective effects and has been reported to regulate inflammatory processes.	Pioglitazone	12-24	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	84-94
31156787-1	2019	Objectives: Pioglitazone (PGZ), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, has significant neuroprotective effects and has been reported to regulate inflammatory processes.	Pioglitazone	26-29	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	34-82
31156787-1	2019	Objectives: Pioglitazone (PGZ), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, has significant neuroprotective effects and has been reported to regulate inflammatory processes.	Pioglitazone	26-29	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	84-94
31156787-12	2019	In addition, PGZ decreased the number of degenerating and TUNEL positive neurons in CA1, CA3, and DG subfields of the hippocampus (P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01 and P&lt;0.001).	Pioglitazone	13-16	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
31156787-12	2019	In addition, PGZ decreased the number of degenerating and TUNEL positive neurons in CA1, CA3, and DG subfields of the hippocampus (P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01 and P&lt;0.001).	Pioglitazone	13-16	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
30820023-1	2019	BACKGROUND This study investigated the therapeutic effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone in ob/ob mice with obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG).	Pioglitazone	135-147	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	66-114
30820023-1	2019	BACKGROUND This study investigated the therapeutic effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone in ob/ob mice with obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG).	Pioglitazone	135-147	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	116-125
30820023-11	2019	Immunohistochemical and Western blot experiments revealed lower expression levels of WT1, ZO-1, and AMPK and higher NOX-4 expression level in the ob/ob group, which was prevented by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	182-194	WT1 transcription factor	Mus musculus	85-88
30820023-11	2019	Immunohistochemical and Western blot experiments revealed lower expression levels of WT1, ZO-1, and AMPK and higher NOX-4 expression level in the ob/ob group, which was prevented by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	182-194	tight junction protein 1	Mus musculus	90-94
30820023-11	2019	Immunohistochemical and Western blot experiments revealed lower expression levels of WT1, ZO-1, and AMPK and higher NOX-4 expression level in the ob/ob group, which was prevented by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	182-194	NADPH oxidase 4	Mus musculus	116-121
30820023-12	2019	CONCLUSIONS Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, can prevent ORG, probably by reducing oxidative stress.	Pioglitazone	12-24	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	28-37
30863781-6	2019	Ultimately, FFA1 may mediate the atorvastatin-induced pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and pioglitazone may ameliorate this deleterious effect through the upregulation of FFA1 expression.	Pioglitazone	91-103	free fatty acid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	171-175
30507781-0	2019	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, reduces cisplatin-evoked neuropathic pain by protecting against oxidative stress.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	16-25
30507781-2	2019	Using a murine model of cisplatin-induced hyperalgesia, we determined whether a PPARgamma synthetic agonist, pioglitazone, attenuated the development of neuropathic pain and identified underlying mechanisms.	Pioglitazone	109-121	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	80-89
30507781-5	2019	Antihyperalgesic effects of pioglitazone were blocked by the PPARgamma antagonist T0070907 (10 mg/kg, i.p.).	Pioglitazone	28-40	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	61-70
30676741-1	2019	Pioglitazone (Pio) is a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for type-2 diabetes that binds and activates the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), yet it remains unclear how in vivo Pio metabolites affect PPARgamma structure and function.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	133-181
30676741-1	2019	Pioglitazone (Pio) is a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for type-2 diabetes that binds and activates the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), yet it remains unclear how in vivo Pio metabolites affect PPARgamma structure and function.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	183-192
30676741-1	2019	Pioglitazone (Pio) is a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for type-2 diabetes that binds and activates the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), yet it remains unclear how in vivo Pio metabolites affect PPARgamma structure and function.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	253-262
30676741-1	2019	Pioglitazone (Pio) is a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for type-2 diabetes that binds and activates the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), yet it remains unclear how in vivo Pio metabolites affect PPARgamma structure and function.	Pioglitazone	0-3	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	133-181
30676741-1	2019	Pioglitazone (Pio) is a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for type-2 diabetes that binds and activates the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), yet it remains unclear how in vivo Pio metabolites affect PPARgamma structure and function.	Pioglitazone	0-3	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	183-192
30676741-1	2019	Pioglitazone (Pio) is a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for type-2 diabetes that binds and activates the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), yet it remains unclear how in vivo Pio metabolites affect PPARgamma structure and function.	Pioglitazone	0-3	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	253-262
30594432-3	2019	The lead candidate, BR101549, has been found activating PPARgamma to the level of Pioglitazone in vitro and indeed has demonstrated its effects on blood glucose control in mouse proof-of-concept evaluation.	Pioglitazone	82-94	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	56-65
30084995-3	2019	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, has unique anti-inflammatory effects on monocytes/macrophages.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	16-64
29659380-11	2019	We conclude that simvastatin and pioglitazone may have a protective effect against cognitive impairment induced by LPS, through targeting the glutamatergic and inflammatory pathways, especially in patients having hypercholesterolemia and diabetes.	Pioglitazone	33-45	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	115-118
30508725-0	2019	Treatment with the synthetic PPARG ligand pioglitazone ameliorates early ovarian alterations induced by dehydroepiandrosterone in prepubertal rats.	Pioglitazone	42-54	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	29-34
30508725-4	2019	The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether PPARG activation (using the synthetic ligand pioglitazone (PGZ)) ameliorates the alterations in early ovarian function induced by androgen excess.	Pioglitazone	98-110	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
30508725-4	2019	The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether PPARG activation (using the synthetic ligand pioglitazone (PGZ)) ameliorates the alterations in early ovarian function induced by androgen excess.	Pioglitazone	112-115	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
30508725-7	2019	RESULTS: PGZ prevented the inactivation of ovarian PPARG induced by androgen excess by increasing PPARG itself and the gene expression of PPARG-coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1A), and by decreasing the gene expression of nuclear co-repressor (NCOR).	Pioglitazone	9-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	51-56
30508725-7	2019	RESULTS: PGZ prevented the inactivation of ovarian PPARG induced by androgen excess by increasing PPARG itself and the gene expression of PPARG-coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1A), and by decreasing the gene expression of nuclear co-repressor (NCOR).	Pioglitazone	9-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	98-103
30508725-7	2019	RESULTS: PGZ prevented the inactivation of ovarian PPARG induced by androgen excess by increasing PPARG itself and the gene expression of PPARG-coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1A), and by decreasing the gene expression of nuclear co-repressor (NCOR).	Pioglitazone	9-12	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	138-163
30508725-7	2019	RESULTS: PGZ prevented the inactivation of ovarian PPARG induced by androgen excess by increasing PPARG itself and the gene expression of PPARG-coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1A), and by decreasing the gene expression of nuclear co-repressor (NCOR).	Pioglitazone	9-12	nuclear receptor co-repressor 1	Rattus norvegicus	214-234
30508725-7	2019	RESULTS: PGZ prevented the inactivation of ovarian PPARG induced by androgen excess by increasing PPARG itself and the gene expression of PPARG-coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1A), and by decreasing the gene expression of nuclear co-repressor (NCOR).	Pioglitazone	9-12	nuclear receptor co-repressor 1	Rattus norvegicus	236-240
30674874-8	2019	We verified that the activation of PPARalpha and PPARgamma by WY14643 and pioglitazone, respectively, attenuated oleate triggered total FFA and TG accumulation in macrophages by repressing FFA import via the suppression of Fatp1 expression.	Pioglitazone	74-86	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	35-44
30674874-8	2019	We verified that the activation of PPARalpha and PPARgamma by WY14643 and pioglitazone, respectively, attenuated oleate triggered total FFA and TG accumulation in macrophages by repressing FFA import via the suppression of Fatp1 expression.	Pioglitazone	74-86	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	49-58
30674874-8	2019	We verified that the activation of PPARalpha and PPARgamma by WY14643 and pioglitazone, respectively, attenuated oleate triggered total FFA and TG accumulation in macrophages by repressing FFA import via the suppression of Fatp1 expression.	Pioglitazone	74-86	solute carrier family 27 member 1	Homo sapiens	223-228
30863781-0	2019	Pioglitazone Ameliorates Atorvastatin-Induced Islet Cell Dysfunction through Activation of FFA1 in INS-1 Cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	free fatty acid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-95
30863781-4	2019	Further study demonstrated that pioglitazone prevented the impairment of insulin secretion induced by atorvastatin and enhanced the expression of FFA1, PDX-1, and BETA2/NeuroD reduced by atorvastatin in INS-1 cells.	Pioglitazone	32-44	free fatty acid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	146-150
30863781-4	2019	Further study demonstrated that pioglitazone prevented the impairment of insulin secretion induced by atorvastatin and enhanced the expression of FFA1, PDX-1, and BETA2/NeuroD reduced by atorvastatin in INS-1 cells.	Pioglitazone	32-44	pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-157
30863781-5	2019	In addition, the preventive effect of pioglitazone on atorvastatin-induced impairment of insulin secretion and the enhancement of the expression of PDX-1 and BETA2/NeuroD was abolished by knockdown of FFA1 using siRNA or the PLC inhibitor, U-73122, respectively.	Pioglitazone	38-50	pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1	Rattus norvegicus	148-153
30863781-5	2019	In addition, the preventive effect of pioglitazone on atorvastatin-induced impairment of insulin secretion and the enhancement of the expression of PDX-1 and BETA2/NeuroD was abolished by knockdown of FFA1 using siRNA or the PLC inhibitor, U-73122, respectively.	Pioglitazone	38-50	free fatty acid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	201-205
30678291-4	2019	Pioglitazone increased the proliferation of MSCs and enhanced the secretion of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and collagen in these cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	79-83
30678291-4	2019	Pioglitazone increased the proliferation of MSCs and enhanced the secretion of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and collagen in these cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	85-119
30729133-0	2019	High Glucose with Insulin Induces Cell Cycle Progression and Activation of Oncogenic Signaling of Bladder Epithelial Cells Cotreated with Metformin and Pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	152-164	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
30729133-4	2019	The cells derived from human bladder epithelial cells (HBlEpCs) were treated with metformin or pioglitazone with high glucose and insulin.	Pioglitazone	95-107	insulin	Homo sapiens	130-137
30729133-6	2019	Metformin or pioglitazone suppressed cell viability concentration and time dependently, which was reversed by exposure to high glucose with or without insulin.	Pioglitazone	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	151-158
30729133-7	2019	Prolonged exposure to high glucose and insulin enhanced cyclin D, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4), and Cdk2 expression and suppressed cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p15/16 in HBlEpC cotreated with pioglitazone and metformin.	Pioglitazone	210-222	insulin	Homo sapiens	39-46
30729133-8	2019	Levels of tumor suppressor proteins p53 and cav-1 were downregulated while those of the oncogenic protein as c-Myc were upregulated under high glucose and insulin supplementation in HBlEpC cotreated with pioglitazone and metformin.	Pioglitazone	204-216	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	36-39
30729133-8	2019	Levels of tumor suppressor proteins p53 and cav-1 were downregulated while those of the oncogenic protein as c-Myc were upregulated under high glucose and insulin supplementation in HBlEpC cotreated with pioglitazone and metformin.	Pioglitazone	204-216	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	44-49
30729133-8	2019	Levels of tumor suppressor proteins p53 and cav-1 were downregulated while those of the oncogenic protein as c-Myc were upregulated under high glucose and insulin supplementation in HBlEpC cotreated with pioglitazone and metformin.	Pioglitazone	204-216	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	111-114
30729133-8	2019	Levels of tumor suppressor proteins p53 and cav-1 were downregulated while those of the oncogenic protein as c-Myc were upregulated under high glucose and insulin supplementation in HBlEpC cotreated with pioglitazone and metformin.	Pioglitazone	204-216	insulin	Homo sapiens	155-162
31117067-3	2019	We also performed glucose uptake assays to explore the action of insulin and the effects of pioglitazone, an insulin sensitizer, on glucose transport in the OC.	Pioglitazone	92-104	insulin	Homo sapiens	109-116
31117067-9	2019	Pioglitazone conferred a small but nonsignificant potentiation of glucose uptake at the highest concentration of insulin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	113-120
31117067-11	2019	Pioglitazone significantly upregulated IR and GLUT1 mRNA expression, which was further increased by insulin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	46-51
31117067-11	2019	Pioglitazone significantly upregulated IR and GLUT1 mRNA expression, which was further increased by insulin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	100-107
30326254-0	2019	Activation of catalase via co-administration of aspirin and pioglitazone: Experimental and MLSD simulation approaches.	Pioglitazone	60-72	catalase	Homo sapiens	14-22
30084995-3	2019	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, has unique anti-inflammatory effects on monocytes/macrophages.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	66-75
31366866-3	2019	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist restored the inhibited AMPK and SIRT-1 by AGEs.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	16-64
31538886-9	2019	Pioglitazone therapy was shown to significantly reduce the BMD of the whole body, lumbar spine, and total hip and serum PTH levels and increase BMI, total body fat mass and leg fat mass.	Pioglitazone	0-12	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	120-123
31538886-12	2019	CONCLUSION: Compared with placebo, pioglitazone therapy reduced BMD and serum PTH levels and increased fat mass and BMI with no difference in serum BSAP or 25-OHD levels or fracture rates; 30 mg/d pioglitazone was sufficient to reduce the BMD of the lumbar spine.	Pioglitazone	35-47	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	78-81
31366866-3	2019	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist restored the inhibited AMPK and SIRT-1 by AGEs.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	66-75
31366866-3	2019	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist restored the inhibited AMPK and SIRT-1 by AGEs.	Pioglitazone	0-12	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	108-112
31366866-3	2019	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist restored the inhibited AMPK and SIRT-1 by AGEs.	Pioglitazone	0-12	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	117-123
30418546-5	2019	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, also improved metabolic and reproductive function, though not to the same degree as KDT501.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	16-25
30072768-0	2019	Pioglitazone"s beneficial effects on erectile function preservation after cavernosal nerve injury in the rat are negated by inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor: a preclinical study.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	142-179
30072768-1	2019	To determine if the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway is involved in the improvement in erectile function recovery in rats after nerve crush injury treated with pioglitazone (Pio).	Pioglitazone	172-184	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
30291688-0	2019	Evaluation of Osteopontin Gene Expression in Endometrium of Diabetic Rat Models Treated with Metformin and Pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	107-119	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-25
30291688-4	2019	We, therefore, designed a study to evaluate the effects of diabetes on Opn expression at implantation time after treatment with metformin and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	142-154	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
30291688-9	2019	Furthermore, the expression of Opn was significantly lower in the diabetic group treated with pioglitazone when compared with the diabetic group (P=0.04).	Pioglitazone	94-106	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
30291688-11	2019	As pioglitazone significantly reversed the upregulation of Opn in diabetic rats, it may be considered as a therapeutic compound for treating T2D.	Pioglitazone	3-15	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
30655107-5	2019	Recent studies have suggested that pioglitazone, a synthetic PPAR-gamma activator, has effects beyond reducing blood sugar and it can reduce fibrosis and inflammation when used systemically.	Pioglitazone	35-47	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	61-71
30655107-6	2019	OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the effects of local injections of pioglitazone-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (PGN-NP) on an experimental sclerosis and to demonstrate the in vivo pharmacokinetics of subcutaneously administered PLGA nanoparticles.	Pioglitazone	65-77	SPG7, paraplegin matrix AAA peptidase subunit	Mus musculus	105-108
30367397-9	2019	In both models, pioglitazone reduced the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and upregulated the hepato-protective AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway via increasing circulating adiponectin production.	Pioglitazone	16-28	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	133-161
30367397-9	2019	In both models, pioglitazone reduced the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and upregulated the hepato-protective AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway via increasing circulating adiponectin production.	Pioglitazone	16-28	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	163-167
30367397-9	2019	In both models, pioglitazone reduced the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and upregulated the hepato-protective AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway via increasing circulating adiponectin production.	Pioglitazone	16-28	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	204-215
30522964-4	2019	Pioglitazone blocked these visceral changes, and GW9662, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) antagonist fully reversed the effect by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	161-173	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	59-107
30522964-4	2019	Pioglitazone blocked these visceral changes, and GW9662, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) antagonist fully reversed the effect by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	161-173	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
30522964-5	2019	These results suggest that PPAR-gamma activation by pioglitazone may be useful for IBS treatment.	Pioglitazone	52-64	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
31509504-0	2019	PPAR gamma agonist, pioglitazone, suppresses melanoma cancer in mice by inhibiting TLR4 signaling.	Pioglitazone	20-32	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-10
31509504-0	2019	PPAR gamma agonist, pioglitazone, suppresses melanoma cancer in mice by inhibiting TLR4 signaling.	Pioglitazone	20-32	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	83-87
31509504-10	2019	RESULTS: We observed that activation of PPARgamma by its agonist, pioglitazone, reduces tumor volume, Tlr-4, Myd-88, Nf-kb1 mRNA expression, TLR4 protein expression and TNF-alpha production in melanoma tumor especially in groups that were injected with LPS -stimulated cells.	Pioglitazone	66-78	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	40-49
31509504-10	2019	RESULTS: We observed that activation of PPARgamma by its agonist, pioglitazone, reduces tumor volume, Tlr-4, Myd-88, Nf-kb1 mRNA expression, TLR4 protein expression and TNF-alpha production in melanoma tumor especially in groups that were injected with LPS -stimulated cells.	Pioglitazone	66-78	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	102-107
31509504-10	2019	RESULTS: We observed that activation of PPARgamma by its agonist, pioglitazone, reduces tumor volume, Tlr-4, Myd-88, Nf-kb1 mRNA expression, TLR4 protein expression and TNF-alpha production in melanoma tumor especially in groups that were injected with LPS -stimulated cells.	Pioglitazone	66-78	myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88	Mus musculus	109-115
31509504-10	2019	RESULTS: We observed that activation of PPARgamma by its agonist, pioglitazone, reduces tumor volume, Tlr-4, Myd-88, Nf-kb1 mRNA expression, TLR4 protein expression and TNF-alpha production in melanoma tumor especially in groups that were injected with LPS -stimulated cells.	Pioglitazone	66-78	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	117-123
31509504-10	2019	RESULTS: We observed that activation of PPARgamma by its agonist, pioglitazone, reduces tumor volume, Tlr-4, Myd-88, Nf-kb1 mRNA expression, TLR4 protein expression and TNF-alpha production in melanoma tumor especially in groups that were injected with LPS -stimulated cells.	Pioglitazone	66-78	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	141-145
31509504-10	2019	RESULTS: We observed that activation of PPARgamma by its agonist, pioglitazone, reduces tumor volume, Tlr-4, Myd-88, Nf-kb1 mRNA expression, TLR4 protein expression and TNF-alpha production in melanoma tumor especially in groups that were injected with LPS -stimulated cells.	Pioglitazone	66-78	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	169-178
31509504-11	2019	Moreover, treatment of melanoma cells with pioglitazone showed that the inhibitory effects of pioglitazone on LPS-induced inflammatory responses were TLR4 dependent.	Pioglitazone	43-55	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	150-154
31509504-11	2019	Moreover, treatment of melanoma cells with pioglitazone showed that the inhibitory effects of pioglitazone on LPS-induced inflammatory responses were TLR4 dependent.	Pioglitazone	94-106	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	150-154
31509504-12	2019	CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, has a beneficial protective effect against melanoma via interfering with the TLR4-dependent signaling pathways.	Pioglitazone	39-51	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	55-64
31509504-12	2019	CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, has a beneficial protective effect against melanoma via interfering with the TLR4-dependent signaling pathways.	Pioglitazone	39-51	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	151-155
30393147-0	2019	PPAR gamma agonist, pioglitazone, rescues liver damage induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.	Pioglitazone	20-32	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-10
30483779-6	2019	Activation of PPAR-gamma by pioglitazone resulted in significantly increased expression of visfatin, which abrogated the inhibitory effect of IL-6 on visfatin in BeWo cells.	Pioglitazone	28-40	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	14-24
30483779-6	2019	Activation of PPAR-gamma by pioglitazone resulted in significantly increased expression of visfatin, which abrogated the inhibitory effect of IL-6 on visfatin in BeWo cells.	Pioglitazone	28-40	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	91-99
30483779-6	2019	Activation of PPAR-gamma by pioglitazone resulted in significantly increased expression of visfatin, which abrogated the inhibitory effect of IL-6 on visfatin in BeWo cells.	Pioglitazone	28-40	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	142-146
30483779-6	2019	Activation of PPAR-gamma by pioglitazone resulted in significantly increased expression of visfatin, which abrogated the inhibitory effect of IL-6 on visfatin in BeWo cells.	Pioglitazone	28-40	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	150-158
30483779-7	2019	Furthermore, treatment using pioglitazone alone increased the expression and secretion of the visfatin protein, compared with the control or IL-6 alone group.	Pioglitazone	29-41	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	94-102
30483779-7	2019	Furthermore, treatment using pioglitazone alone increased the expression and secretion of the visfatin protein, compared with the control or IL-6 alone group.	Pioglitazone	29-41	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	141-145
30483779-11	2019	Furthermore, thiazolidinedione pioglitazone, by upregulating visfatin expression, may promote the energy metabolism of trophoblastic cells, maintain the function of the placenta and improve the outcome of pregnancy.	Pioglitazone	31-43	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	61-69
30393147-9	2019	Pioglitazone reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content and NADPH oxidase mRNA expression and induced further increase in nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression when compared to IR groups.	Pioglitazone	0-12	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	117-160
30393147-9	2019	Pioglitazone reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content and NADPH oxidase mRNA expression and induced further increase in nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression when compared to IR groups.	Pioglitazone	0-12	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	162-166
30393147-10	2019	Furthermore, pioglitazone increased the expression of PPARgamma target genes such as renal and hepatic PPARgamma1 (Pparg1), hepatic hemoxygenase-1 (Hmox1), and hepatic thioredoxin (TRx).	Pioglitazone	13-25	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	54-63
30393147-10	2019	Furthermore, pioglitazone increased the expression of PPARgamma target genes such as renal and hepatic PPARgamma1 (Pparg1), hepatic hemoxygenase-1 (Hmox1), and hepatic thioredoxin (TRx).	Pioglitazone	13-25	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	103-113
30393147-10	2019	Furthermore, pioglitazone increased the expression of PPARgamma target genes such as renal and hepatic PPARgamma1 (Pparg1), hepatic hemoxygenase-1 (Hmox1), and hepatic thioredoxin (TRx).	Pioglitazone	13-25	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	115-121
30393147-10	2019	Furthermore, pioglitazone increased the expression of PPARgamma target genes such as renal and hepatic PPARgamma1 (Pparg1), hepatic hemoxygenase-1 (Hmox1), and hepatic thioredoxin (TRx).	Pioglitazone	13-25	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	132-146
30393147-10	2019	Furthermore, pioglitazone increased the expression of PPARgamma target genes such as renal and hepatic PPARgamma1 (Pparg1), hepatic hemoxygenase-1 (Hmox1), and hepatic thioredoxin (TRx).	Pioglitazone	13-25	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	148-153
30393147-10	2019	Furthermore, pioglitazone increased the expression of PPARgamma target genes such as renal and hepatic PPARgamma1 (Pparg1), hepatic hemoxygenase-1 (Hmox1), and hepatic thioredoxin (TRx).	Pioglitazone	13-25	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	168-179
30393147-10	2019	Furthermore, pioglitazone increased the expression of PPARgamma target genes such as renal and hepatic PPARgamma1 (Pparg1), hepatic hemoxygenase-1 (Hmox1), and hepatic thioredoxin (TRx).	Pioglitazone	13-25	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	181-184
28956073-9	2018	RESULTS: There were significantly lower hs-CRP and MMP-9 levels in the pioglitazone group at week 18 (p &lt; 0.01).	Pioglitazone	71-83	matrix metalloproteinase-9	Oryctolagus cuniculus	51-56
30224430-4	2018	Activation of PPARgamma by a specific agonist, pioglitazone, selectively blocked the induction of TNFalpha expression by E2, but did not affect other adipose inflammatory genes, such as fatty acid desaturase 1 and IL6.	Pioglitazone	47-59	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	14-23
30224430-4	2018	Activation of PPARgamma by a specific agonist, pioglitazone, selectively blocked the induction of TNFalpha expression by E2, but did not affect other adipose inflammatory genes, such as fatty acid desaturase 1 and IL6.	Pioglitazone	47-59	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	98-106
30224430-5	2018	This suppression of TNFalpha expression by pioglitazone was mainly mediated by transrepression of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) DNA-binding activity.	Pioglitazone	43-55	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	20-28
30224430-5	2018	This suppression of TNFalpha expression by pioglitazone was mainly mediated by transrepression of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) DNA-binding activity.	Pioglitazone	43-55	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	121-130
30542286-2	2018	We recently described in several chemorefractory elderly AML patients that a novel biomodulatory treatment regimen consisting of low-dose azacitidine (AZA) in combination with PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (PGZ) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induced complete remission of leukemia and also triggered myeloid differentiation with rapid increase of peripheral blood neutrophils.	Pioglitazone	194-206	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	176-185
30481177-5	2018	A 13-week treatment with the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone reversed most of these signatures: Pioglitazone improved glycemic control and the fatty acid profile, elevated amino acid levels in the liver, but decreased branched chain amino acids in serum.	Pioglitazone	47-59	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	29-38
30481177-5	2018	A 13-week treatment with the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone reversed most of these signatures: Pioglitazone improved glycemic control and the fatty acid profile, elevated amino acid levels in the liver, but decreased branched chain amino acids in serum.	Pioglitazone	95-107	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	29-38
30815577-0	2019	Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor plus pioglitazone vs pioglitazone alone in patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.	Pioglitazone	62-74	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-30
30815577-8	2019	Also, SGLT-2 inhibitor plus pioglitazone vs pioglitazone, reduced weight and blood pressure.	Pioglitazone	28-40	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	6-12
30815577-8	2019	Also, SGLT-2 inhibitor plus pioglitazone vs pioglitazone, reduced weight and blood pressure.	Pioglitazone	44-56	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	6-12
30096396-0	2018	Pioglitazone inhibits advanced glycation induced protein modifications and down-regulates expression of RAGE and NF-kappaB in renal cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 914	Homo sapiens	104-108
30096396-0	2018	Pioglitazone inhibits advanced glycation induced protein modifications and down-regulates expression of RAGE and NF-kappaB in renal cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	113-122
30096396-1	2018	The present work aims to determine the effect of pioglitazone on in-vitro albumin glycation and AGE-RAGE induced oxidative stress and inflammation.	Pioglitazone	49-61	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 914	Homo sapiens	100-104
30096396-7	2018	Pioglitazone has potentially restored cellular antioxidants and reduced levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha by declining expression of membrane RAGE and NF-kappaB.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	82-86
30096396-7	2018	Pioglitazone has potentially restored cellular antioxidants and reduced levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha by declining expression of membrane RAGE and NF-kappaB.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	91-100
30096396-7	2018	Pioglitazone has potentially restored cellular antioxidants and reduced levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha by declining expression of membrane RAGE and NF-kappaB.	Pioglitazone	0-12	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 914	Homo sapiens	137-141
30096396-7	2018	Pioglitazone has potentially restored cellular antioxidants and reduced levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha by declining expression of membrane RAGE and NF-kappaB.	Pioglitazone	0-12	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	146-155
30204554-0	2018	The PPARgamma Agonist Pioglitazone Fails to Alter the Abuse Potential of Heroin, But Does Reduce Heroin Craving and Anxiety.	Pioglitazone	22-34	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-13
30204554-1	2018	Possibly through its effects on glia, the peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma receptor (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (PIO) has been shown to alter the effects of heroin in preclinical models.	Pioglitazone	111-123	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	42-90
30204554-1	2018	Possibly through its effects on glia, the peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma receptor (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (PIO) has been shown to alter the effects of heroin in preclinical models.	Pioglitazone	111-123	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	92-101
30204554-1	2018	Possibly through its effects on glia, the peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma receptor (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (PIO) has been shown to alter the effects of heroin in preclinical models.	Pioglitazone	125-128	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	42-90
30204554-1	2018	Possibly through its effects on glia, the peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma receptor (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (PIO) has been shown to alter the effects of heroin in preclinical models.	Pioglitazone	125-128	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	92-101
30349478-9	2018	Immunofluorescence and western blot analysis provided evidence that pioglitazone mediates both anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects by decreasing NF-kappaB and IL-1beta expression in the cochlea and opposing the oxidative damage induced by noise insult.	Pioglitazone	68-80	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	166-174
30047791-3	2018	Pioglitazone activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), which forms a complex with nuclear cofactors and regulates gene expression of a variety of cell-cycle proteins and is currently being tested preclinically and clinically in aerodigestive cancer prevention.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	23-71
30047791-3	2018	Pioglitazone activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), which forms a complex with nuclear cofactors and regulates gene expression of a variety of cell-cycle proteins and is currently being tested preclinically and clinically in aerodigestive cancer prevention.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	73-82
30047791-4	2018	METHODS: In the present study, we hypothesized that pioglitazone would decrease proliferation of human leukoplakia cells (MSK Leuk1) and transformed bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) through regulatory changes of G1 checkpoint protein regulators, p21 and cyclin-D1.	Pioglitazone	52-64	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	250-253
30047791-4	2018	METHODS: In the present study, we hypothesized that pioglitazone would decrease proliferation of human leukoplakia cells (MSK Leuk1) and transformed bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) through regulatory changes of G1 checkpoint protein regulators, p21 and cyclin-D1.	Pioglitazone	52-64	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	258-267
30047791-7	2018	We also observed p21 protein induction after treatment with pioglitazone, which was preceded by measurable increases in p21 mRNA induction.	Pioglitazone	60-72	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	17-20
30047791-7	2018	We also observed p21 protein induction after treatment with pioglitazone, which was preceded by measurable increases in p21 mRNA induction.	Pioglitazone	60-72	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	120-123
30047791-8	2018	CONCLUSIONS: We conclude the PPARgamma activator, pioglitazone, can activate p21, which is associated with decreased proliferation in 2 aerodigestive preneoplastic cell lines.	Pioglitazone	50-62	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	29-38
30047791-8	2018	CONCLUSIONS: We conclude the PPARgamma activator, pioglitazone, can activate p21, which is associated with decreased proliferation in 2 aerodigestive preneoplastic cell lines.	Pioglitazone	50-62	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	77-80
30047791-9	2018	In addition, the p21 gene may be a potential hypothesis-driven biomarker in translational studies of pioglitazone as a chemoprevention agent for aerodigestive cancer.	Pioglitazone	101-113	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	17-20
30022363-0	2018	PPARgamma Agonist PGZ Attenuates OVA-Induced Airway Inflammation and Airway Remodeling via RGS4 Signaling in Mouse Model.	Pioglitazone	18-21	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-9
30022363-0	2018	PPARgamma Agonist PGZ Attenuates OVA-Induced Airway Inflammation and Airway Remodeling via RGS4 Signaling in Mouse Model.	Pioglitazone	18-21	regulator of G-protein signaling 4	Mus musculus	91-95
30022363-1	2018	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (PGZ) exhibits potential protective effects in asthma.	Pioglitazone	69-81	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-48
30022363-1	2018	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (PGZ) exhibits potential protective effects in asthma.	Pioglitazone	69-81	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	50-59
30022363-1	2018	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (PGZ) exhibits potential protective effects in asthma.	Pioglitazone	83-86	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-48
30022363-1	2018	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (PGZ) exhibits potential protective effects in asthma.	Pioglitazone	83-86	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	50-59
30022363-8	2018	We found that PPARgamma agonist PGZ administration significantly attenuated the pathophysiological features of OVA-induced asthma and increased the expression of RGS4.	Pioglitazone	32-35	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	14-23
30022363-8	2018	We found that PPARgamma agonist PGZ administration significantly attenuated the pathophysiological features of OVA-induced asthma and increased the expression of RGS4.	Pioglitazone	32-35	regulator of G-protein signaling 4	Mus musculus	162-166
30022363-9	2018	In addition, the attenuating effect of PGZ on airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and remodeling was partially abrogated by administration of RGS4 inhibitor CCG 63802.	Pioglitazone	39-42	regulator of G-protein signaling 4	Mus musculus	154-158
30022363-11	2018	Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of PGZ on the activations of ERK and Akt/mTOR signaling, and MMPs were apparently reversed by CCG 63802 administration.	Pioglitazone	39-42	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	65-68
30022363-11	2018	Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of PGZ on the activations of ERK and Akt/mTOR signaling, and MMPs were apparently reversed by CCG 63802 administration.	Pioglitazone	39-42	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	73-76
30022363-11	2018	Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of PGZ on the activations of ERK and Akt/mTOR signaling, and MMPs were apparently reversed by CCG 63802 administration.	Pioglitazone	39-42	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	77-81
30022363-12	2018	In conclusion, the protective effect of PGZ on OVA-induced airway inflammation and remodeling might be partly regulated by RGS4 expression through ERK and Akt/mTOR signaling.	Pioglitazone	40-43	regulator of G-protein signaling 4	Mus musculus	123-127
30022363-12	2018	In conclusion, the protective effect of PGZ on OVA-induced airway inflammation and remodeling might be partly regulated by RGS4 expression through ERK and Akt/mTOR signaling.	Pioglitazone	40-43	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	147-150
30022363-12	2018	In conclusion, the protective effect of PGZ on OVA-induced airway inflammation and remodeling might be partly regulated by RGS4 expression through ERK and Akt/mTOR signaling.	Pioglitazone	40-43	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	155-158
30022363-12	2018	In conclusion, the protective effect of PGZ on OVA-induced airway inflammation and remodeling might be partly regulated by RGS4 expression through ERK and Akt/mTOR signaling.	Pioglitazone	40-43	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	159-163
30115653-6	2018	A subset of insulin stimulators, including the antidiabetic drug pioglitazone, induced the coordinated upregulation of gluconeogenic pck1 expression, suggesting functional response to increased insulin action in peripheral tissues.	Pioglitazone	65-77	preproinsulin	Danio rerio	12-19
30115653-6	2018	A subset of insulin stimulators, including the antidiabetic drug pioglitazone, induced the coordinated upregulation of gluconeogenic pck1 expression, suggesting functional response to increased insulin action in peripheral tissues.	Pioglitazone	65-77	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble)	Danio rerio	133-137
30115653-6	2018	A subset of insulin stimulators, including the antidiabetic drug pioglitazone, induced the coordinated upregulation of gluconeogenic pck1 expression, suggesting functional response to increased insulin action in peripheral tissues.	Pioglitazone	65-77	preproinsulin	Danio rerio	194-201
31193597-0	2018	Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Previous Myocardial Infarction and Mild Diabetes Mellitus Following Treatment With Pioglitazone: Reports of a Randomised Trial From The Japan Working Group for the Assessment Whether Pioglitazone Protects DM Patients Against Re-Infarction (PPAR Study).	Pioglitazone	124-136	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	281-285
30420872-3	2018	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone reduce amyloid and tau pathologies, inhibit neuroinflammation, and improve memory impairments in several rodent models and in humans with mild-to-moderate AD.	Pioglitazone	96-108	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-48
30420872-3	2018	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone reduce amyloid and tau pathologies, inhibit neuroinflammation, and improve memory impairments in several rodent models and in humans with mild-to-moderate AD.	Pioglitazone	96-108	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	50-59
31011108-13	2018	Pioglitazone reduced molecular-PAK biomarkers of proliferation (Ki67 and CyclinD1), and metformin had the opposite effect.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	73-81
30337873-0	2018	The Pioglitazone Trek via Human PPAR Gamma: From Discovery to a Medicine at the FDA and Beyond.	Pioglitazone	4-16	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens	17-21
30337873-0	2018	The Pioglitazone Trek via Human PPAR Gamma: From Discovery to a Medicine at the FDA and Beyond.	Pioglitazone	4-16	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	32-42
30337873-1	2018	For almost two decades, pioglitazone has been prescribed primarily to prevent and treat insulin resistance in some type 2 diabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	24-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	88-95
30337873-2	2018	In this review, we trace the path to discovery of pioglitazone as a thiazolidinedione compound, the glitazone tracks through the regulatory agencies, the trek to molecular agonism in the nucleus and the binding of pioglitazone to the nuclear receptor PPAR gamma.	Pioglitazone	50-62	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	251-261
30022354-7	2018	Furthermore, the expression of mitoNEET, a mitochondrial membrane protein related to energy expenditure, was significantly increased by pioglitazone treatment, while reduced in the hypertrophic PVAT induced by high-fat diet.	Pioglitazone	136-148	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Mus musculus	31-39
30022354-10	2018	Pioglitazone-induced mitoNEET in PVAT prevents PVAT inflammation and is negatively associated with arterial stiffness.	Pioglitazone	0-12	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Mus musculus	21-29
30524679-12	2018	Besides, pioglitazone activated PI3K/AKT and ERK/MAPK pathways via up-regulating miR-454.	Pioglitazone	9-21	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
30524679-12	2018	Besides, pioglitazone activated PI3K/AKT and ERK/MAPK pathways via up-regulating miR-454.	Pioglitazone	9-21	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
30542286-2	2018	We recently described in several chemorefractory elderly AML patients that a novel biomodulatory treatment regimen consisting of low-dose azacitidine (AZA) in combination with PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (PGZ) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induced complete remission of leukemia and also triggered myeloid differentiation with rapid increase of peripheral blood neutrophils.	Pioglitazone	208-211	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	176-185
30079432-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Preliminary evidence suggested that the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone reduces opioid-withdrawal symptoms, possibly by inhibiting increases in proinflammatory cytokines.	Pioglitazone	70-82	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	52-61
30031879-0	2018	Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligand pioglitazone regulated gene networks in term human primary trophoblast cells.	Pioglitazone	69-81	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-48
30031879-0	2018	Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligand pioglitazone regulated gene networks in term human primary trophoblast cells.	Pioglitazone	69-81	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	50-60
30031879-3	2018	The trophoblasts were isolated from full term placenta after delivery and exposed to 20 muM of the PPAR-gamma agonist, pioglitazone, for 72 h and gene expression profiles were examined.	Pioglitazone	119-131	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	99-109
30363699-3	2018	Pioglitazone is metabolized by multiple cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, which are regulated by the xenobiotic receptor constitutive androstane receptor (CAR).	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	40-55
30363699-3	2018	Pioglitazone is metabolized by multiple cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, which are regulated by the xenobiotic receptor constitutive androstane receptor (CAR).	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	57-60
30363699-3	2018	Pioglitazone is metabolized by multiple cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, which are regulated by the xenobiotic receptor constitutive androstane receptor (CAR).	Pioglitazone	0-12	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Mus musculus	118-150
30363699-3	2018	Pioglitazone is metabolized by multiple cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, which are regulated by the xenobiotic receptor constitutive androstane receptor (CAR).	Pioglitazone	0-12	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Mus musculus	152-155
30363699-5	2018	CAR-/- mice showed significant improvement in NALFD after 12 weeks of pioglitazone treatment compared to wild-type mice.	Pioglitazone	70-82	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Mus musculus	0-3
30363699-7	2018	The expression of lipogenesis genes in the liver, sterol-regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)-1 was decreased after pioglitazone treatment in HF-fed CAR-/- mice.	Pioglitazone	163-175	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	50-94
30363699-7	2018	The expression of lipogenesis genes in the liver, sterol-regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)-1 was decreased after pioglitazone treatment in HF-fed CAR-/- mice.	Pioglitazone	163-175	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	96-104
30363699-7	2018	The expression of lipogenesis genes in the liver, sterol-regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)-1 was decreased after pioglitazone treatment in HF-fed CAR-/- mice.	Pioglitazone	163-175	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	111-142
30363699-7	2018	The expression of lipogenesis genes in the liver, sterol-regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)-1 was decreased after pioglitazone treatment in HF-fed CAR-/- mice.	Pioglitazone	163-175	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Mus musculus	196-199
30363699-8	2018	In addition, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARgamma2) was decreased by pioglitazone in HF-fed CAR-/- mice.	Pioglitazone	112-124	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	31-81
30363699-8	2018	In addition, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARgamma2) was decreased by pioglitazone in HF-fed CAR-/- mice.	Pioglitazone	112-124	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	83-93
30363699-8	2018	In addition, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARgamma2) was decreased by pioglitazone in HF-fed CAR-/- mice.	Pioglitazone	112-124	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Mus musculus	135-138
30363699-10	2018	Our results showed that NAFLD was improved significantly by pioglitazone in a CAR deletion state.	Pioglitazone	60-72	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Mus musculus	78-81
30363699-11	2018	These results might be valuable because they suggest that interaction with CAR and pioglitazone/PPARgamma2 may be important in regulating gene expression associated with NAFLD.	Pioglitazone	83-95	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	96-106
30250007-0	2018	Pioglitazone Protects Mesenchymal Stem Cells against P-Cresol-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction via Up-Regulation of PINK-1.	Pioglitazone	0-12	PTEN induced kinase 1	Homo sapiens	117-123
30250007-5	2018	Pioglitazone also prevented PC-induced mitofusion and increased mitophagy against PC exposure through up-regulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK-1).	Pioglitazone	0-12	PTEN induced kinase 1	Homo sapiens	135-182
30250007-5	2018	Pioglitazone also prevented PC-induced mitofusion and increased mitophagy against PC exposure through up-regulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK-1).	Pioglitazone	0-12	PTEN induced kinase 1	Homo sapiens	184-190
30250007-6	2018	Furthermore, pioglitazone protected against PC-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 (COX4) level and activating complexes I and IV, resulting in enhancement of proliferation.	Pioglitazone	13-25	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I1	Homo sapiens	131-135
30250007-7	2018	In particular, activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappaB) regulated the pioglitazone-mediated up-regulation of PINK-1.	Pioglitazone	118-130	PTEN induced kinase 1	Homo sapiens	157-163
30250007-8	2018	These results indicate that pioglitazone protects MSCs against PC-induced accumulated mitochondrial dysfunction via the NF-kappaB-PINK-1 axis under P-cresol exposure conditions.	Pioglitazone	28-40	PTEN induced kinase 1	Homo sapiens	130-136
30271148-9	2018	An efficacy test carried out in APP/PS1 transgenic mice showed a reduction of memory deficit in mice chronically treated with PGZ-NPs.	Pioglitazone	126-129	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	36-39
29934374-0	2018	Heart Failure After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack in Insulin-Resistant Patients Without Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	134-146	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
29934374-1	2018	BACKGROUND: The IRIS trial (Insulin Resistance Intervention After Stroke) demonstrated that pioglitazone reduced the risk for both cardiovascular events and diabetes mellitus in insulin-resistant patients.	Pioglitazone	92-104	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
29934374-1	2018	BACKGROUND: The IRIS trial (Insulin Resistance Intervention After Stroke) demonstrated that pioglitazone reduced the risk for both cardiovascular events and diabetes mellitus in insulin-resistant patients.	Pioglitazone	92-104	insulin	Homo sapiens	178-185
29934374-17	2018	CONCLUSIONS: In IRIS, with surveillance and dose adjustments, pioglitazone did not increase the risk of HF and conferred net cardiovascular benefit in patients with insulin resistance and cerebrovascular disease.	Pioglitazone	62-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	165-172
30057316-0	2018	Pioglitazone induces hypoxia-inducible factor 1 activation in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2.	Pioglitazone	0-12	hexokinase 2	Homo sapiens	112-116
30057316-3	2018	The aim of this study was to determine whether a PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, induces HIF-1 activation or not.	Pioglitazone	68-80	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	49-58
30057316-3	2018	The aim of this study was to determine whether a PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, induces HIF-1 activation or not.	Pioglitazone	68-80	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	90-95
30057316-4	2018	Treatment with pioglitazone induced HIF-1alpha mRNA as well as PPARgamma mRNA expression in a concentration dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	15-27	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	36-46
30057316-4	2018	Treatment with pioglitazone induced HIF-1alpha mRNA as well as PPARgamma mRNA expression in a concentration dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	15-27	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	63-72
30057316-5	2018	In addition, pioglitazone increased HIF-1 target genes such as the mRNAs of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2), in a concentration-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	13-25	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	36-41
30057316-5	2018	In addition, pioglitazone increased HIF-1 target genes such as the mRNAs of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2), in a concentration-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	13-25	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	76-97
30057316-5	2018	In addition, pioglitazone increased HIF-1 target genes such as the mRNAs of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2), in a concentration-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	13-25	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	99-104
30057316-5	2018	In addition, pioglitazone increased HIF-1 target genes such as the mRNAs of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2), in a concentration-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	13-25	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	110-142
30057316-5	2018	In addition, pioglitazone increased HIF-1 target genes such as the mRNAs of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2), in a concentration-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	13-25	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	144-148
30057316-5	2018	In addition, pioglitazone increased HIF-1 target genes such as the mRNAs of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2), in a concentration-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	13-25	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	149-154
30057316-6	2018	Consistent with the increases in GLUT1 and ABCG2 mRNAs, protein expression of GLUT1 and BCRP was increased by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	110-122	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	78-83
30057316-6	2018	Consistent with the increases in GLUT1 and ABCG2 mRNAs, protein expression of GLUT1 and BCRP was increased by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	110-122	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	88-92
30057316-7	2018	In addition, GLUT inhibitor phloretin-sensitive D-[3H]glucose uptake activity and BCRP inhibitor Ko143-sensitive accumulation of Hoecsht33342, a BCRP substrate, were significantly enhanced by treatment with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	207-219	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	13-17
30057316-7	2018	In addition, GLUT inhibitor phloretin-sensitive D-[3H]glucose uptake activity and BCRP inhibitor Ko143-sensitive accumulation of Hoecsht33342, a BCRP substrate, were significantly enhanced by treatment with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	207-219	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	82-86
30057316-7	2018	In addition, GLUT inhibitor phloretin-sensitive D-[3H]glucose uptake activity and BCRP inhibitor Ko143-sensitive accumulation of Hoecsht33342, a BCRP substrate, were significantly enhanced by treatment with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	207-219	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	145-149
30057316-8	2018	These findings suggest that PPARgamma activation by pioglitazone leads to HIF-1 protein expression induction followed by changes in HIF-1 target gene expression and protein product activity.	Pioglitazone	52-64	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	28-37
30057316-8	2018	These findings suggest that PPARgamma activation by pioglitazone leads to HIF-1 protein expression induction followed by changes in HIF-1 target gene expression and protein product activity.	Pioglitazone	52-64	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	74-79
29487991-8	2018	Levels of high-molecular weight adiponectin increased more in the pioglitazone group than the control group (P &lt; 0.001), and the changes were irrespective of baseline glycemic control.	Pioglitazone	66-78	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	32-43
29966944-0	2018	Protective effect of pioglitazone on ovarian ischemia reperfusion injury of female rats via modulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma and heme-oxygenase 1.	Pioglitazone	21-33	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	106-154
29966944-0	2018	Protective effect of pioglitazone on ovarian ischemia reperfusion injury of female rats via modulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma and heme-oxygenase 1.	Pioglitazone	21-33	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	159-175
30210346-0	2018	Pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma Activator, Stimulates BKCa but Suppresses IK M in Hippocampal Neurons.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	16-26
28716464-0	2018	Modulating effects of omega-3 fatty acids and pioglitazone combination on insulin resistance through toll-like receptor 4 in type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	46-58	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	101-121
28716464-4	2018	Omega-3 fatty acids and Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists as pioglitazone are used for decreasing inflammation.	Pioglitazone	98-110	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	24-72
28716464-4	2018	Omega-3 fatty acids and Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists as pioglitazone are used for decreasing inflammation.	Pioglitazone	98-110	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
28716464-9	2018	Omega-3 fatty acids, pioglitazone, and their combination significantly decreased TLR-4 mRNA expression, hepatic malondialdehyde, total cholesterol and triglycerides levels, compared to diabetic group.	Pioglitazone	21-33	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	81-86
30210346-0	2018	Pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma Activator, Stimulates BKCa but Suppresses IK M in Hippocampal Neurons.	Pioglitazone	0-12	potassium large conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily M, alpha member 1	Mus musculus	49-53
30210346-1	2018	Pioglitazone (PIO), a thiazolidinedone, was reported to stimulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) with anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-diabetic, and antidepressive activities.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	66-114
30210346-1	2018	Pioglitazone (PIO), a thiazolidinedone, was reported to stimulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) with anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-diabetic, and antidepressive activities.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	116-126
30210346-1	2018	Pioglitazone (PIO), a thiazolidinedone, was reported to stimulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) with anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-diabetic, and antidepressive activities.	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	66-114
30210346-1	2018	Pioglitazone (PIO), a thiazolidinedone, was reported to stimulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) with anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-diabetic, and antidepressive activities.	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	116-126
29727638-2	2018	This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacological responses from adding evogliptin, a DPP4 inhibitor, to pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, in diabetic db/db mice after a 2-week treatment.	Pioglitazone	104-116	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	85-89
29957391-1	2018	Recent evidence suggests that clozapine and quetiapine (atypical antipsychotics), tamoxifen (selective-estrogen receptor modulator) and pioglitazone (PPARgamma agonist) may improve functional recovery in multiple sclerosis (MS).	Pioglitazone	136-148	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	150-159
30127742-0	2018	Pioglitazone Protects Against Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase-Regulated Autophagy Pathway.	Pioglitazone	0-12	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	72-100
30127742-2	2018	Our previous studies have shown that pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist used in type 2 diabetes, protects against renal IRI; however, the molecular mechanism underlying the renoprotective effects of pioglitazone is still unclear.	Pioglitazone	37-49	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	53-109
30127742-3	2018	In this study, we investigated the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-regulated autophagy in renoprotection by pioglitazone in IRI.	Pioglitazone	120-132	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	43-71
30127742-3	2018	In this study, we investigated the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-regulated autophagy in renoprotection by pioglitazone in IRI.	Pioglitazone	120-132	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	73-77
30127742-8	2018	Pioglitazone also increased AMPK phosphorylation, inhibited p62 and cleaved caspase-3/8 proteins, and activated autophagy-related proteins LC3 II and Beclin-1 in the kidneys of IRI rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
30127742-8	2018	Pioglitazone also increased AMPK phosphorylation, inhibited p62 and cleaved caspase-3/8 proteins, and activated autophagy-related proteins LC3 II and Beclin-1 in the kidneys of IRI rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	KH RNA binding domain containing, signal transduction associated 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
30127742-8	2018	Pioglitazone also increased AMPK phosphorylation, inhibited p62 and cleaved caspase-3/8 proteins, and activated autophagy-related proteins LC3 II and Beclin-1 in the kidneys of IRI rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	76-85
30127742-8	2018	Pioglitazone also increased AMPK phosphorylation, inhibited p62 and cleaved caspase-3/8 proteins, and activated autophagy-related proteins LC3 II and Beclin-1 in the kidneys of IRI rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	beclin 1	Rattus norvegicus	150-158
30127742-9	2018	Moreover, GW9662, as a selective inhibitor of PPAR-gamma, inhibited the protective effects of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	94-106	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
30127742-10	2018	These results suggest that pioglitazone exerts its protective effects in renal IRI via activation of an AMPK-regulated autophagy signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	27-39	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	104-108
30105244-8	2018	Results showed that pharmacological activation of PPARgamma by pioglitazone prevents cholesterol gallstone formation by increasing biliary BA synthesis and enterohepatic circulation.	Pioglitazone	63-75	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	50-59
30116202-8	2018	However, klotho expression was increased by pioglitazone, an agonist of PPAR-gamma, and suppressed by BADGE, an antagonist of PPAR-gamma, suggesting that the effect of Ang II downregulating klotho is mediated by PPAR-gamma.	Pioglitazone	44-56	klotho	Canis lupus familiaris	9-15
30116202-8	2018	However, klotho expression was increased by pioglitazone, an agonist of PPAR-gamma, and suppressed by BADGE, an antagonist of PPAR-gamma, suggesting that the effect of Ang II downregulating klotho is mediated by PPAR-gamma.	Pioglitazone	44-56	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Canis lupus familiaris	72-82
29972411-0	2018	Pioglitazone Induces Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis and Inhibits Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy Via VEGFR-2 Signaling Pathway.	Pioglitazone	0-12	kinase insert domain receptor	Rattus norvegicus	88-95
29972411-3	2018	OBJECTIVES: In this study, we investigated whether pioglitazone affects cardiomyocyte apoptosis and hypertrophy by regulating the VEGFR-2 signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	51-63	kinase insert domain receptor	Rattus norvegicus	130-137
29972411-8	2018	RESULTS: Pioglitazone and VEGFR-2-selective inhibitor apatinib reduced rat cardiomyocyte viability and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II in vitro.	Pioglitazone	9-21	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	140-154
29972411-9	2018	Furthermore, in the same in vitro model, pioglitazone and apatinib significantly increased the expression of Bax and phosphorylated P53 and decreased the expression of phosphorylated VEGFR-2, Akt, and mTOR, which promote cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.	Pioglitazone	41-53	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
29972411-9	2018	Furthermore, in the same in vitro model, pioglitazone and apatinib significantly increased the expression of Bax and phosphorylated P53 and decreased the expression of phosphorylated VEGFR-2, Akt, and mTOR, which promote cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.	Pioglitazone	41-53	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	132-135
29972411-9	2018	Furthermore, in the same in vitro model, pioglitazone and apatinib significantly increased the expression of Bax and phosphorylated P53 and decreased the expression of phosphorylated VEGFR-2, Akt, and mTOR, which promote cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.	Pioglitazone	41-53	kinase insert domain receptor	Rattus norvegicus	183-190
29972411-9	2018	Furthermore, in the same in vitro model, pioglitazone and apatinib significantly increased the expression of Bax and phosphorylated P53 and decreased the expression of phosphorylated VEGFR-2, Akt, and mTOR, which promote cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.	Pioglitazone	41-53	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	192-195
29972411-9	2018	Furthermore, in the same in vitro model, pioglitazone and apatinib significantly increased the expression of Bax and phosphorylated P53 and decreased the expression of phosphorylated VEGFR-2, Akt, and mTOR, which promote cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.	Pioglitazone	41-53	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	201-205
29972411-10	2018	CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that pioglitazone induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inhibits cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by modulating the VEGFR-2 signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	42-54	kinase insert domain receptor	Rattus norvegicus	144-151
30183983-0	2018	VEGFR-2: One of Pioglitazone"s Signaling Pathways in the Heart.	Pioglitazone	16-28	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	0-7
29663414-1	2018	Amodiaquine (AQ) and pioglitazone (PGZ) are both metabolized by CYP2C8, an enzyme also inhibited by PGZ.	Pioglitazone	21-33	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	64-70
29663414-1	2018	Amodiaquine (AQ) and pioglitazone (PGZ) are both metabolized by CYP2C8, an enzyme also inhibited by PGZ.	Pioglitazone	35-38	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	64-70
29663414-1	2018	Amodiaquine (AQ) and pioglitazone (PGZ) are both metabolized by CYP2C8, an enzyme also inhibited by PGZ.	Pioglitazone	100-103	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	64-70
29901193-2	2018	As a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, pioglitazone (PIO) has been predicted to regulate angiogenesis, and cell adhesion, migration and survival.	Pioglitazone	63-75	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	5-53
29901193-2	2018	As a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, pioglitazone (PIO) has been predicted to regulate angiogenesis, and cell adhesion, migration and survival.	Pioglitazone	77-80	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	5-53
30123261-0	2018	Low-Dose Spironolactone-Pioglitazone-Metformin Normalizes Circulating Fetuin-A Concentrations in Adolescent Girls with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.	Pioglitazone	24-36	alpha 2-HS glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	70-78
30116754-4	2018	Methods: Liver and spleen tissue samples in Schistosoma japonicum-infected mice after administration of pioglitazone (a PPAR-gamma agonist) were collected.	Pioglitazone	104-116	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	120-130
30116754-11	2018	Activation of PPAR-gamma by pioglitazone resulted in increased percentages of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells and decreased percentages of CD3+CD4+IFN-gamma+ and CD3+CD4+IL-4+ cells in the liver and spleen of Schistosoma japonicum-infected mice.	Pioglitazone	28-40	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	14-24
29715453-9	2018	The current study pledges a promising and novel reno-protective role of the administration of Vit D and pioglitazone entailing a potential involvement of ICAM-1, MPO, NF-kappaB, Ang II, ACE2, TGFbeta, and a modulation of Wnt4/beta-catenin pathway.	Pioglitazone	104-116	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	154-160
29715453-9	2018	The current study pledges a promising and novel reno-protective role of the administration of Vit D and pioglitazone entailing a potential involvement of ICAM-1, MPO, NF-kappaB, Ang II, ACE2, TGFbeta, and a modulation of Wnt4/beta-catenin pathway.	Pioglitazone	104-116	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	192-199
29715453-9	2018	The current study pledges a promising and novel reno-protective role of the administration of Vit D and pioglitazone entailing a potential involvement of ICAM-1, MPO, NF-kappaB, Ang II, ACE2, TGFbeta, and a modulation of Wnt4/beta-catenin pathway.	Pioglitazone	104-116	Wnt family member 4	Rattus norvegicus	221-225
29715453-9	2018	The current study pledges a promising and novel reno-protective role of the administration of Vit D and pioglitazone entailing a potential involvement of ICAM-1, MPO, NF-kappaB, Ang II, ACE2, TGFbeta, and a modulation of Wnt4/beta-catenin pathway.	Pioglitazone	104-116	catenin beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	226-238
30038956-6	2018	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone, which is known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress properties, was administered to five animals (5 mg/kg, PO); the other five were placebo-treated.	Pioglitazone	73-85	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Macaca mulatta	4-52
30038956-6	2018	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone, which is known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress properties, was administered to five animals (5 mg/kg, PO); the other five were placebo-treated.	Pioglitazone	73-85	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Macaca mulatta	54-63
29727638-2	2018	This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacological responses from adding evogliptin, a DPP4 inhibitor, to pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, in diabetic db/db mice after a 2-week treatment.	Pioglitazone	104-116	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	120-129
29727638-8	2018	These results suggest that the combination of evogliptin and pioglitazone is more efficacious in fasting glucose control through systemic alterations such as decreasing glucagon and increasing adiponectin, and through enhancing glucose utilization.	Pioglitazone	61-73	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	193-204
28408383-0	2018	Pioglitazone for the treatment of NASH in patients with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	0-12	SAM domain, SH3 domain and nuclear localization signals 1	Homo sapiens	34-38
29877321-9	2018	Statins and antidiabetic drugs (including sitagliptin, metformin, pioglitazone, liraglutide and empagliflozin) may affect leptin levels.	Pioglitazone	66-78	leptin	Homo sapiens	122-128
28468762-0	2018	Pioglitazone for the treatment of NASH in patients with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus-authors" response.	Pioglitazone	0-12	SAM domain, SH3 domain and nuclear localization signals 1	Homo sapiens	34-38
29369427-0	2018	Pioglitazone/metformin adduct regulates insulin secretion and inhibits high glucose-induced apoptosis via p21-p53-MDM2 signaling in INS-1 cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	106-109
29984341-1	2018	Purpose: To understand the therapeutic potential of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist with a propensity to cause bladder mucosal proliferation, on interstitial cystitis (IC) in a rat model.	Pioglitazone	52-64	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	68-116
29984341-1	2018	Purpose: To understand the therapeutic potential of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist with a propensity to cause bladder mucosal proliferation, on interstitial cystitis (IC) in a rat model.	Pioglitazone	52-64	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	118-128
29984341-9	2018	Conclusions: Pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist, improved bladder function in cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis by both observed urinary frequency and measured cystometric capacity.	Pioglitazone	13-25	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
29369427-0	2018	Pioglitazone/metformin adduct regulates insulin secretion and inhibits high glucose-induced apoptosis via p21-p53-MDM2 signaling in INS-1 cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	110-113
29369427-0	2018	Pioglitazone/metformin adduct regulates insulin secretion and inhibits high glucose-induced apoptosis via p21-p53-MDM2 signaling in INS-1 cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	MDM2 proto-oncogene	Rattus norvegicus	114-118
29575057-6	2018	Mice subjected to acute ER stress by pioglitazone administration and a low-dose tunicamycin injection presented a maladaptive UPR activation in SAT along with reduced adiponectin synthesis and secretion and increased lipolysis with respect to VAT, associated with lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle and liver.	Pioglitazone	37-49	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	167-178
29194996-0	2018	Effects of pioglitazone treatment on blood leptin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	11-23	leptin	Homo sapiens	43-49
29194996-1	2018	AIMS/INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to carry out a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effects of pioglitazone on blood leptin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	153-165	leptin	Homo sapiens	175-181
29194996-2	2018	MATERIALS AND METHODS: Literature searches were carried out using Medline, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry and ClinicalTrials.gov, and RCTs that investigated the effects of pioglitazone on blood leptin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes were selected.	Pioglitazone	181-193	leptin	Homo sapiens	203-209
29194996-5	2018	Significantly lower blood leptin levels were observed in the pioglitazone group (standardized mean difference -0.58, 95% confidence interval -1.12 to -0.05%, P = 0.03) than in the placebo group.	Pioglitazone	61-73	leptin	Homo sapiens	26-32
29194996-7	2018	CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant difference in blood leptin levels between the pioglitazone and placebo groups.	Pioglitazone	83-95	leptin	Homo sapiens	57-63
29669060-11	2018	PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone partially and significantly inhibited DEHP-induced EMT induction.	Pioglitazone	18-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
29427967-7	2018	There are evidences of Pioglitazone role on asthma, since the activation of PPARgamma Pioglitazone might inhibit the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.	Pioglitazone	23-35	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	76-85
29959408-1	2018	This study was designed to assess whether the protective effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) against diabetes could be enhanced by pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARgamma agonist.	Pioglitazone	156-168	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	178-187
29959408-1	2018	This study was designed to assess whether the protective effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) against diabetes could be enhanced by pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARgamma agonist.	Pioglitazone	170-173	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	178-187
29712716-4	2018	When we activated or suppressed the PPARgamma more mildly with pioglitazone or GW9662, we found that pioglitazone suppressed apoM expression and S1P synthesis, while GW9662 increased them.	Pioglitazone	63-75	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	36-45
29712716-4	2018	When we activated or suppressed the PPARgamma more mildly with pioglitazone or GW9662, we found that pioglitazone suppressed apoM expression and S1P synthesis, while GW9662 increased them.	Pioglitazone	101-113	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	36-45
29712716-4	2018	When we activated or suppressed the PPARgamma more mildly with pioglitazone or GW9662, we found that pioglitazone suppressed apoM expression and S1P synthesis, while GW9662 increased them.	Pioglitazone	101-113	apolipoprotein M	Homo sapiens	125-129
29712716-4	2018	When we activated or suppressed the PPARgamma more mildly with pioglitazone or GW9662, we found that pioglitazone suppressed apoM expression and S1P synthesis, while GW9662 increased them.	Pioglitazone	101-113	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	145-148
29712716-6	2018	Treatment with pioglitazone decreased both the plasma and hepatic apoM and S1P levels only in diet-induced obese mice.	Pioglitazone	15-27	apolipoprotein M	Mus musculus	66-70
29712716-6	2018	Treatment with pioglitazone decreased both the plasma and hepatic apoM and S1P levels only in diet-induced obese mice.	Pioglitazone	15-27	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	75-78
29464937-8	2018	Even pioglitazone did not prevent the development of the aortic atheroma plaques stimulated by FD, significantly diminished VCAM-1 expression, MMP-9 expression and activity in aortic media wall and significantly reduced the accumulation of lipids and macrophages in atheroma plaques.	Pioglitazone	5-17	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	124-130
29464937-8	2018	Even pioglitazone did not prevent the development of the aortic atheroma plaques stimulated by FD, significantly diminished VCAM-1 expression, MMP-9 expression and activity in aortic media wall and significantly reduced the accumulation of lipids and macrophages in atheroma plaques.	Pioglitazone	5-17	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	143-148
29359338-0	2018	PI3K/AKT/JNK/p38 signalling pathway-mediated neural apoptosis in the prefrontal cortex of mice is involved in the antidepressant-like effect of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	144-156	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	5-8
29359338-0	2018	PI3K/AKT/JNK/p38 signalling pathway-mediated neural apoptosis in the prefrontal cortex of mice is involved in the antidepressant-like effect of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	144-156	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	9-12
29359338-0	2018	PI3K/AKT/JNK/p38 signalling pathway-mediated neural apoptosis in the prefrontal cortex of mice is involved in the antidepressant-like effect of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	144-156	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	13-16
29359338-2	2018	Pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist, has potential anti-inflammatory and antidepressive effects.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	16-26
29359338-7	2018	Furthermore, we assessed the influence of anisomycin, a JNK/p38 agonist, and LY294002, a PI3K/AKT inhibitor, on the antidepressant-like effect of pioglitazone in mice.	Pioglitazone	146-158	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	60-63
29359338-7	2018	Furthermore, we assessed the influence of anisomycin, a JNK/p38 agonist, and LY294002, a PI3K/AKT inhibitor, on the antidepressant-like effect of pioglitazone in mice.	Pioglitazone	146-158	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	94-97
29359338-9	2018	GW9662, a PPAR-gamma antagonist, significantly blocked the antidepressant-like effect of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	89-101	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	10-20
29359338-10	2018	Furthermore, at the molecular level, pioglitazone significantly reversed, via PPAR-gamma-dependent increase in neural apoptosis in the PFC of mice, accompanied by upregulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and down-regulation of the JNK/p38 pathway.	Pioglitazone	37-49	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	78-88
29427967-7	2018	There are evidences of Pioglitazone role on asthma, since the activation of PPARgamma Pioglitazone might inhibit the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.	Pioglitazone	86-98	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	76-85
29359338-10	2018	Furthermore, at the molecular level, pioglitazone significantly reversed, via PPAR-gamma-dependent increase in neural apoptosis in the PFC of mice, accompanied by upregulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and down-regulation of the JNK/p38 pathway.	Pioglitazone	37-49	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	188-191
29359338-10	2018	Furthermore, at the molecular level, pioglitazone significantly reversed, via PPAR-gamma-dependent increase in neural apoptosis in the PFC of mice, accompanied by upregulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and down-regulation of the JNK/p38 pathway.	Pioglitazone	37-49	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	227-230
29622583-7	2018	Concordant with this finding, dramatic clinical improvement was seen after pioglitazone treatment of a patient with R308P mutant PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	75-87	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	129-138
29359338-10	2018	Furthermore, at the molecular level, pioglitazone significantly reversed, via PPAR-gamma-dependent increase in neural apoptosis in the PFC of mice, accompanied by upregulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and down-regulation of the JNK/p38 pathway.	Pioglitazone	37-49	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	231-234
29359338-12	2018	; In conclusion, our results showed that PI3K/AKT/JNK/p38 signalling pathway-mediated neural apoptosis in the PFC of mice may be involved in the antidepressant-like effect of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	175-187	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	46-49
29359338-12	2018	; In conclusion, our results showed that PI3K/AKT/JNK/p38 signalling pathway-mediated neural apoptosis in the PFC of mice may be involved in the antidepressant-like effect of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	175-187	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	50-53
29359338-12	2018	; In conclusion, our results showed that PI3K/AKT/JNK/p38 signalling pathway-mediated neural apoptosis in the PFC of mice may be involved in the antidepressant-like effect of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	175-187	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	54-57
30008760-5	2018	Considering the efficacy and safety of combination therapy of insulin with older hypoglycemic agents, in general metformin and pioglitazone have the best and worst profiles, respectively.	Pioglitazone	127-139	insulin	Homo sapiens	62-69
29858843-5	2018	Among these, pioglitazone and liraglutide seem to improve some histological features of NASH but have no clear effect on fibrosis.	Pioglitazone	13-25	SAM domain, SH3 domain and nuclear localization signals 1	Homo sapiens	88-92
29266408-5	2018	In contrast, PPARgamma ligand pioglitazone modestly upregulated ATGL and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), but markedly enhanced PEPCK and glycerol kinase (GK), thereby suppressed glycerol release.	Pioglitazone	30-42	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	13-22
29266408-5	2018	In contrast, PPARgamma ligand pioglitazone modestly upregulated ATGL and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), but markedly enhanced PEPCK and glycerol kinase (GK), thereby suppressed glycerol release.	Pioglitazone	30-42	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	64-68
29266408-5	2018	In contrast, PPARgamma ligand pioglitazone modestly upregulated ATGL and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), but markedly enhanced PEPCK and glycerol kinase (GK), thereby suppressed glycerol release.	Pioglitazone	30-42	lipase E, hormone sensitive type	Homo sapiens	73-97
29266408-5	2018	In contrast, PPARgamma ligand pioglitazone modestly upregulated ATGL and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), but markedly enhanced PEPCK and glycerol kinase (GK), thereby suppressed glycerol release.	Pioglitazone	30-42	lipase E, hormone sensitive type	Homo sapiens	99-102
29266408-5	2018	In contrast, PPARgamma ligand pioglitazone modestly upregulated ATGL and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), but markedly enhanced PEPCK and glycerol kinase (GK), thereby suppressed glycerol release.	Pioglitazone	30-42	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	127-132
29266408-6	2018	Dexamethasone showed permissive like effect on PPARgamma target genes including perilipin A and aP2, therefore co-administration of dexamethasone and pioglitazone demonstrated synergistic upregulation of these enzymes excepting PEPCK, of which downregulation by dexamethasone was abolished by pioglitazone to the level above control.	Pioglitazone	150-162	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	47-56
29266408-6	2018	Dexamethasone showed permissive like effect on PPARgamma target genes including perilipin A and aP2, therefore co-administration of dexamethasone and pioglitazone demonstrated synergistic upregulation of these enzymes excepting PEPCK, of which downregulation by dexamethasone was abolished by pioglitazone to the level above control.	Pioglitazone	150-162	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	228-233
29620270-8	2018	Furthermore, the expression of miR-141 may be corrected by treatment with pioglitazone, which is widely used for insulin resistance therapy.	Pioglitazone	74-86	microRNA 141	Rattus norvegicus	31-38
29620270-12	2018	In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that the pioglitazone/miR-141/FOXA2 axis may represent a promising target mechanism for T2D treatment.	Pioglitazone	66-78	microRNA 141	Rattus norvegicus	79-86
29620270-12	2018	In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that the pioglitazone/miR-141/FOXA2 axis may represent a promising target mechanism for T2D treatment.	Pioglitazone	66-78	forkhead box A2	Rattus norvegicus	87-92
29110250-0	2018	Treatment with the PPARgamma Agonist Pioglitazone in the Early Post-ischemia Phase Inhibits Pro-inflammatory Responses and Promotes Neurogenesis Via the Activation of Innate- and Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells in Rats.	Pioglitazone	37-49	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	19-28
29110250-3	2018	Elsewhere, we demonstrated that treatment with the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (PGZ) before cerebral ischemia induction reduced brain damage and activated survival-related genes in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.	Pioglitazone	69-81	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	51-60
29110250-3	2018	Elsewhere, we demonstrated that treatment with the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (PGZ) before cerebral ischemia induction reduced brain damage and activated survival-related genes in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.	Pioglitazone	83-86	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	51-60
29110250-10	2018	In male rats, PGZ decreased the mRNA level of IL-6 and M1-like macrophages after 24 h. In OVX/GFP+BM rats, PGZ augmented the proliferation of resident stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the recruitment of GFP+BM stem cells on days 7-14.	Pioglitazone	14-17	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
29177991-0	2018	Correction to: Treatment with the PPARgamma Agonist Pioglitazone in the Early Post-ischemia Phase Inhibits Pro-inflammatory Responses and Promotes Neurogenesis Via the Activation of Innate- and Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells in Rats.	Pioglitazone	52-64	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	34-43
29791472-0	2018	Pioglitazone abolishes autistic-like behaviors via the IL-6 pathway.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
29791472-10	2018	Daily postnatal pioglitazone treatment blocked the impairments found in terms of the time spent on social interaction, the number of vocalizations (i.e., autistic-like behaviors) and the elevated plasma IL-6 levels.	Pioglitazone	16-28	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	203-207
29682966-7	2018	Collectively, these findings suggested that feed with PGZ and CrMet improved the growth performance and meat quality, especially for PUFA proportions and antioxidant ability.	Pioglitazone	54-57	Polyunsaturated fatty acid percentage	Sus scrofa	133-137
29731242-3	2018	In rodent preadipocytes (3T3-L1), KY-226 up to 10 muM had no effects on adipocyte differentiation, whereas pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, markedly promoted it.	Pioglitazone	107-119	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	123-132
29716851-1	2018	Pioglitazone, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-gamma) agonist, is a therapeutic drug for diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
29716851-8	2018	Pioglitazone significantly decreased responses to NA, PE, ME and ANG II in ND-PIO versus ND-CON by 63%.	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	65-71
29764544-13	2018	CONCLUSIONS: 4 mgxkg-1xd-1 pioglitazone could activate PPARgamma-TLR4-TNF-alpha targeted pathway, thus inhibit inflammatory and oxidative stress factors expression, and down-regulate hyperglycemia induced myocardium inflammatory and oxidative stress level, but the effect did not show a dose dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	27-39	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	55-64
29764544-13	2018	CONCLUSIONS: 4 mgxkg-1xd-1 pioglitazone could activate PPARgamma-TLR4-TNF-alpha targeted pathway, thus inhibit inflammatory and oxidative stress factors expression, and down-regulate hyperglycemia induced myocardium inflammatory and oxidative stress level, but the effect did not show a dose dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	27-39	toll-like receptor 4	Oryctolagus cuniculus	65-69
29764544-13	2018	CONCLUSIONS: 4 mgxkg-1xd-1 pioglitazone could activate PPARgamma-TLR4-TNF-alpha targeted pathway, thus inhibit inflammatory and oxidative stress factors expression, and down-regulate hyperglycemia induced myocardium inflammatory and oxidative stress level, but the effect did not show a dose dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	27-39	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	70-79
29695452-0	2018	PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone reverses pulmonary hypertension and prevents right heart failure via fatty acid oxidation.	Pioglitazone	18-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
29695452-4	2018	In the SU5416/hypoxia (SuHx) rat model, oral treatment with the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone completely reverses severe PAH and vascular remodeling and prevents RV failure.	Pioglitazone	82-94	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	64-73
29849538-1	2018	Although therapeutic effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists rosiglitazone and pioglitazone against Cushing"s disease have been reported, their effects are still controversial and inconsistent.	Pioglitazone	125-137	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	36-84
29849538-1	2018	Although therapeutic effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists rosiglitazone and pioglitazone against Cushing"s disease have been reported, their effects are still controversial and inconsistent.	Pioglitazone	125-137	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	86-96
29849538-5	2018	Pomc mRNA expression and promoter activity were significantly inhibited by MEKT1 at 10 muM compared to rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	121-133	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	0-4
30008760-10	2018	Conclusions: Considering the quality and longevity of evidence, compared to insulin monotherapy, insulin combined with metformin and pioglitazone has the best and worst profiles, respectively.	Pioglitazone	133-145	insulin	Homo sapiens	97-104
30104075-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Insulin sensitizers like metformin and pioglitazone are clinically used since last decades for the treatment of PCOS, but their efficacy and possible role in PCOS patients remains questionable.	Pioglitazone	51-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	12-19
30104075-8	2018	LH receptor and FSH receptor mRNA expression were altered by pioglitazone and metformin treatment.	Pioglitazone	61-73	luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
29222347-0	2018	Pioglitazone Inhibits Periprostatic White Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Obese Mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	WD and tetratricopeptide repeats 1	Mus musculus	42-49
29222347-4	2018	Pioglitazone, a ligand of PPARgamma, is used to treat diabetes and possesses anti-inflammatory properties.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	26-35
29222347-6	2018	Treatment with pioglitazone reduced the density of CLS in periprostatic fat and suppressed levels of TNFalpha, TGFbeta, and the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1).	Pioglitazone	15-27	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	101-109
29222347-6	2018	Treatment with pioglitazone reduced the density of CLS in periprostatic fat and suppressed levels of TNFalpha, TGFbeta, and the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1).	Pioglitazone	15-27	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	174-179
29222347-7	2018	Importantly, the ability of pioglitazone to suppress periprostatic WAT inflammation was abrogated in MCP-1 knockout mice.	Pioglitazone	28-40	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	101-106
29222347-8	2018	Pioglitazone caused dose-dependent induction of both adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory adipokine, and its receptor AdipoR2 in cultured 3T3-L1 cells and in periprostatic WAT of obese mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	53-64
29222347-8	2018	Pioglitazone caused dose-dependent induction of both adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory adipokine, and its receptor AdipoR2 in cultured 3T3-L1 cells and in periprostatic WAT of obese mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin receptor 2	Mus musculus	115-122
29222347-9	2018	Pioglitazone blocked TNFalpha-mediated induction of MCP-1 in 3T3-L1 cells, an effect that was attenuated when either adiponectin or AdipoR2 were silenced.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	21-29
29222347-9	2018	Pioglitazone blocked TNFalpha-mediated induction of MCP-1 in 3T3-L1 cells, an effect that was attenuated when either adiponectin or AdipoR2 were silenced.	Pioglitazone	0-12	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	52-57
29222347-9	2018	Pioglitazone blocked TNFalpha-mediated induction of MCP-1 in 3T3-L1 cells, an effect that was attenuated when either adiponectin or AdipoR2 were silenced.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	117-128
29222347-9	2018	Pioglitazone blocked TNFalpha-mediated induction of MCP-1 in 3T3-L1 cells, an effect that was attenuated when either adiponectin or AdipoR2 were silenced.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin receptor 2	Mus musculus	132-139
29222347-10	2018	Taken together, pioglitazone-mediated induction of adiponectin suppressed the elevation in MCP-1 levels, thereby attenuating obesity-related periprostatic WAT inflammation.	Pioglitazone	16-28	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	51-62
29222347-10	2018	Taken together, pioglitazone-mediated induction of adiponectin suppressed the elevation in MCP-1 levels, thereby attenuating obesity-related periprostatic WAT inflammation.	Pioglitazone	16-28	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	91-96
29223443-12	2018	Pioglitazone was associated with a significantly greater insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue of patients with diabetes vs without diabetes (P < .001), but nonsignificant differences in responses in hepatic (P = .49) and skeletal muscle (P = .32) insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	57-64
29223443-12	2018	Pioglitazone was associated with a significantly greater insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue of patients with diabetes vs without diabetes (P < .001), but nonsignificant differences in responses in hepatic (P = .49) and skeletal muscle (P = .32) insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	248-255
29223443-14	2018	However, pioglitazone reduced liver fibrosis and increased adipose tissue insulin sensitivity at significantly greater levels in patients with type 2 diabetes than in patients with prediabetes.	Pioglitazone	9-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
29227578-0	2018	Insulin secretion predicts the response to therapy with exenatide plus pioglitazone, but not to basal/bolus insulin in poorly controlled T2DM patients: Results from the Qatar study.	Pioglitazone	71-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
29227578-3	2018	Insulin secretion measured with plasma C-peptide concentration during the OGTT was the strongest predictor of response to combination therapy (HbA1c &lt;= 7.0%) with pioglitazone plus exenatide.	Pioglitazone	166-178	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
29227578-3	2018	Insulin secretion measured with plasma C-peptide concentration during the OGTT was the strongest predictor of response to combination therapy (HbA1c &lt;= 7.0%) with pioglitazone plus exenatide.	Pioglitazone	166-178	insulin	Homo sapiens	39-48
29536426-0	2018	Pioglitazone Improved Insulin Sensitivity and First Phase Insulin Secretion Among Obese and Lean People with Diabetes: A Multicenter Clamp Study.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
29536426-1	2018	INTRODUCTION: To investigate the effects of pioglitazone (PIO) on insulin resistance and first phase insulin secretion among obese and lean Chinese people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Pioglitazone	44-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
29030979-0	2018	Pioglitazone inhibits cancer cell growth through STAT3 inhibition and enhanced AIF expression via a PPARgamma-independent pathway.	Pioglitazone	0-12	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	49-54
29030979-0	2018	Pioglitazone inhibits cancer cell growth through STAT3 inhibition and enhanced AIF expression via a PPARgamma-independent pathway.	Pioglitazone	0-12	apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1	Homo sapiens	79-82
29030979-0	2018	Pioglitazone inhibits cancer cell growth through STAT3 inhibition and enhanced AIF expression via a PPARgamma-independent pathway.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	100-109
29030979-1	2018	Pioglitazone is an anti-diabetic agent that belongs to the thiazolidinedione class, which target peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), a transcription factor in the nuclear receptor family.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	97-145
29030979-1	2018	Pioglitazone is an anti-diabetic agent that belongs to the thiazolidinedione class, which target peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), a transcription factor in the nuclear receptor family.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	147-156
29030979-5	2018	We showed that at similar concentrations, pioglitazone induced death in cancer cells expressing high or low levels of PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	42-54	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	118-127
29030979-8	2018	Pioglitazone suppressed the activation of signal transducers and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Survivin expression, and enhanced the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) levels in these cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	42-93
29030979-8	2018	Pioglitazone suppressed the activation of signal transducers and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Survivin expression, and enhanced the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) levels in these cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	95-100
29030979-8	2018	Pioglitazone suppressed the activation of signal transducers and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Survivin expression, and enhanced the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) levels in these cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1	Homo sapiens	144-169
29030979-8	2018	Pioglitazone suppressed the activation of signal transducers and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Survivin expression, and enhanced the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) levels in these cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1	Homo sapiens	171-174
29030979-9	2018	Furthermore, pioglitazone enhanced the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin and oxaliplatin by suppressing Survivin and increasing AIF expression.	Pioglitazone	13-25	apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1	Homo sapiens	124-127
29030979-10	2018	These results indicated that pioglitazone induced apoptosis via a PPARgamma-independent pathway, thus describing pioglitazone as a potential therapeutic agent for controlling the progression of different cancers.	Pioglitazone	29-41	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	66-75
29373711-0	2018	Pioglitazone Therapy of PAX8-PPARgamma Fusion Protein Thyroid Carcinoma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	paired box 8	Homo sapiens	24-28
29373711-0	2018	Pioglitazone Therapy of PAX8-PPARgamma Fusion Protein Thyroid Carcinoma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	29-38
29373711-2	2018	The PPARgamma/PPFP ligand pioglitazone is highly therapeutic in a transgenic mouse model of PPFP thyroid carcinoma, but whether pioglitazone is therapeutic in patients with PPFP thyroid carcinoma is unknown.	Pioglitazone	26-38	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	4-13
29980143-0	2018	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone improves nitric oxide availability, renin-angiotensin system and aberrant redox regulation in the kidney of pre-hypertensive rats.	Pioglitazone	61-73	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	4-52
29980143-3	2018	In our study we focused on the effect of PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone on changes in the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression and activity, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) cascade, and redox homeostasis signaling pathways in the renal cortex of young pre hypertensive rat models.	Pioglitazone	59-71	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	41-50
29414995-9	2018	Adiponectin levels increased as expected with pioglitazone treatment but not urinary LTE4 levels as expected with zileuton treatment.	Pioglitazone	46-58	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	0-11
29428719-1	2018	This study aimed to evaluate the effects of combination therapy with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, alogliptin, and a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, pioglitazone, in a preclinical model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis using low-density lipoprotein receptor-knockout mice fed a modified choline-deficient l-amino acid-defined diet.	Pioglitazone	181-193	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	123-171
29580285-0	2018	Pioglitazone is effective for multiple phenotyepes of the Zucker fa/fa rat with polycystc ovary morphology and insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	111-118
29580285-4	2018	Pioglitazone, an insulin sensitizer, is administered to PCOS patients with insulin resistance to induce ovulation but the mechanisms by which this occurs have not been elucidated.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
29580285-4	2018	Pioglitazone, an insulin sensitizer, is administered to PCOS patients with insulin resistance to induce ovulation but the mechanisms by which this occurs have not been elucidated.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	75-82
29580285-16	2018	Pioglitazone treatment significantly decreased the serum AMH level and significantly increased the serum adiponectin level in the PCO model rats (P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	0-12	anti-Mullerian hormone	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
29580285-16	2018	Pioglitazone treatment significantly decreased the serum AMH level and significantly increased the serum adiponectin level in the PCO model rats (P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	105-116
29580285-18	2018	CONCLUSION: In this study, pioglitazone treatment reduced the serum AMH level and increased the serum adiponectin level in PCO model rats.	Pioglitazone	27-39	anti-Mullerian hormone	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
29580285-18	2018	CONCLUSION: In this study, pioglitazone treatment reduced the serum AMH level and increased the serum adiponectin level in PCO model rats.	Pioglitazone	27-39	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	102-113
29580285-20	2018	This proves that pioglitazone treatment improves healthy follicle growth in these PCO model rats with insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	17-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	102-109
29744368-7	2018	There was a tendency for pioglitazone to reduce TC, TG, TP, ALB, BUN, and HDL-c levels.	Pioglitazone	25-37	albumin	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
29744368-10	2018	In conclusion, Cyp7a1, Cp, and RT1-EC2 are differentially expressed genes/proteins since they showed a similar trend in rats in the model group and the pioglitazone-treated group.	Pioglitazone	152-164	cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-21
29545948-1	2018	This study was conducted to evaluate the likelihood of daprodustat to act as a perpetrator in drug-drug interactions (DDI) with the CYP2C8 enzyme and OATP1B1 transporter using the probe substrates pioglitazone and rosuvastatin as potential victims, respectively.	Pioglitazone	197-209	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	132-138
29545948-1	2018	This study was conducted to evaluate the likelihood of daprodustat to act as a perpetrator in drug-drug interactions (DDI) with the CYP2C8 enzyme and OATP1B1 transporter using the probe substrates pioglitazone and rosuvastatin as potential victims, respectively.	Pioglitazone	197-209	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens	150-157
28488008-2	2018	Here, we focused on the therapeutic role of Pioglitazone, which is a selective agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), a respective nuclear receptor in inflammatory responses.	Pioglitazone	44-56	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	90-138
28488008-2	2018	Here, we focused on the therapeutic role of Pioglitazone, which is a selective agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), a respective nuclear receptor in inflammatory responses.	Pioglitazone	44-56	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	140-149
29138876-6	2018	RESULTS: Individuals aged &gt;=65 years on metformin + pioglitazone had a significantly lower risk of dementia compared with those on metformin + sulfonylurea (HR 0.56; 95% CI 0.34, 0.93), and a lower, but insignificant, risk of dementia compared with those on other metformin-based dual regimens (i.e. metformin + acarbose, metformin + meglitinide, metformin + insulin or metformin + dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors).	Pioglitazone	55-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	362-369
29138876-6	2018	RESULTS: Individuals aged &gt;=65 years on metformin + pioglitazone had a significantly lower risk of dementia compared with those on metformin + sulfonylurea (HR 0.56; 95% CI 0.34, 0.93), and a lower, but insignificant, risk of dementia compared with those on other metformin-based dual regimens (i.e. metformin + acarbose, metformin + meglitinide, metformin + insulin or metformin + dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors).	Pioglitazone	55-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	385-407
29589392-2	2018	METHODS: To identify the potential functions of PPARgamma in beta-cells, we treated mouse insulinoma 6 (MIN6) cells with the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone in conditions of lipotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and inflammation.	Pioglitazone	143-155	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	48-57
29589392-2	2018	METHODS: To identify the potential functions of PPARgamma in beta-cells, we treated mouse insulinoma 6 (MIN6) cells with the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone in conditions of lipotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and inflammation.	Pioglitazone	143-155	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	125-134
29589392-3	2018	RESULTS: Palmitate-treated cells incubated with pioglitazone exhibited significant improvements in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and the repression of apoptosis, as shown by decreased caspase-3 cleavage and poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase activity.	Pioglitazone	48-60	caspase 3	Mus musculus	191-200
29589392-6	2018	Pioglitazone remarkably reduced the expression of ATF6alpha, GRP78, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, prevented alpha-cell infiltration into the pancreatic islets, and upregulated glucose transporter 2 (Glut2) expression in beta-cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	activating transcription factor 6	Mus musculus	50-59
29589392-6	2018	Pioglitazone remarkably reduced the expression of ATF6alpha, GRP78, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, prevented alpha-cell infiltration into the pancreatic islets, and upregulated glucose transporter 2 (Glut2) expression in beta-cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	heat shock protein 5	Mus musculus	61-66
29589392-6	2018	Pioglitazone remarkably reduced the expression of ATF6alpha, GRP78, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, prevented alpha-cell infiltration into the pancreatic islets, and upregulated glucose transporter 2 (Glut2) expression in beta-cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	72-106
29589392-6	2018	Pioglitazone remarkably reduced the expression of ATF6alpha, GRP78, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, prevented alpha-cell infiltration into the pancreatic islets, and upregulated glucose transporter 2 (Glut2) expression in beta-cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	186-207
29589392-6	2018	Pioglitazone remarkably reduced the expression of ATF6alpha, GRP78, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, prevented alpha-cell infiltration into the pancreatic islets, and upregulated glucose transporter 2 (Glut2) expression in beta-cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	209-214
29040733-2	2018	Considering the increased prevalence of gout in the diabetic population, this study evaluated the effects of pioglitazone, an insulin resistance inhibitor, on the incidence of gout in the diabetic population.	Pioglitazone	109-121	insulin	Homo sapiens	126-133
29084736-0	2018	Pioglitazone Prevents Stroke in Patients With a Recent Transient Ischemic Attack or Ischemic Stroke: A Planned Secondary Analysis of the IRIS Trial (Insulin Resistance Intervention After Stroke).	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	149-156
29084736-1	2018	BACKGROUND: The IRIS trial (Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke) demonstrated that pioglitazone reduced the risk for a composite outcome of stroke or myocardial infarction among nondiabetic patients with insulin resistance and a recent stroke or transient ischemic attack.	Pioglitazone	92-104	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
29084736-1	2018	BACKGROUND: The IRIS trial (Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke) demonstrated that pioglitazone reduced the risk for a composite outcome of stroke or myocardial infarction among nondiabetic patients with insulin resistance and a recent stroke or transient ischemic attack.	Pioglitazone	92-104	insulin	Homo sapiens	213-220
29084736-9	2018	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone was effective for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke in nondiabetic patients with insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	113-120
29483814-1	2018	Aims: Whether pioglitazone (PIO), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, increases the risk of developing bladder cancer has been debated for several years.	Pioglitazone	14-26	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	36-84
29483814-1	2018	Aims: Whether pioglitazone (PIO), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, increases the risk of developing bladder cancer has been debated for several years.	Pioglitazone	28-31	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	36-84
28730964-8	2018	Pioglitazone inhibition of ANA proliferation was not associated with the effect on CCL2; NF-kappaB and ERK1/2 were basally activated in ANA, increased by IFN-gamma+TNF-alpha, and pioglitazone inhibited IFN- gamma+TNF-alpha activation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	154-163
28730964-8	2018	Pioglitazone inhibition of ANA proliferation was not associated with the effect on CCL2; NF-kappaB and ERK1/2 were basally activated in ANA, increased by IFN-gamma+TNF-alpha, and pioglitazone inhibited IFN- gamma+TNF-alpha activation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	164-173
28730964-8	2018	Pioglitazone inhibition of ANA proliferation was not associated with the effect on CCL2; NF-kappaB and ERK1/2 were basally activated in ANA, increased by IFN-gamma+TNF-alpha, and pioglitazone inhibited IFN- gamma+TNF-alpha activation.	Pioglitazone	179-191	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	103-109
29054390-2	2018	Pioglitazone (PIO), a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, has been applied to enhance insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	32-80
29054390-2	2018	Pioglitazone (PIO), a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, has been applied to enhance insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	82-91
29054390-2	2018	Pioglitazone (PIO), a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, has been applied to enhance insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	32-80
29054390-2	2018	Pioglitazone (PIO), a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, has been applied to enhance insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	82-91
29554649-0	2018	Pioglitazone Confers Neuroprotection Against Ischemia-Induced Pyroptosis due to its Inhibitory Effects on HMGB-1/RAGE and Rac1/ROS Pathway by Activating PPAR- .	Pioglitazone	0-12	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-112
29554649-0	2018	Pioglitazone Confers Neuroprotection Against Ischemia-Induced Pyroptosis due to its Inhibitory Effects on HMGB-1/RAGE and Rac1/ROS Pathway by Activating PPAR- .	Pioglitazone	0-12	MOK protein kinase	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
29554649-0	2018	Pioglitazone Confers Neuroprotection Against Ischemia-Induced Pyroptosis due to its Inhibitory Effects on HMGB-1/RAGE and Rac1/ROS Pathway by Activating PPAR- .	Pioglitazone	0-12	Rac family small GTPase 1	Rattus norvegicus	122-126
29554649-0	2018	Pioglitazone Confers Neuroprotection Against Ischemia-Induced Pyroptosis due to its Inhibitory Effects on HMGB-1/RAGE and Rac1/ROS Pathway by Activating PPAR- .	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	153-157
29554649-1	2018	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Recent researches highlighted the protective potential of pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist, in the progression of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.	Pioglitazone	75-87	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
29554649-6	2018	RESULTS: We demonstrated that repeated intraperitoneal administration of pioglitazone remarkably reduced the infarct volume, improved neurological deficits and suppressed the Rac1 activity with significant reduction of excessive ROS in rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).	Pioglitazone	73-85	Rac family small GTPase 1	Rattus norvegicus	175-179
29554649-7	2018	Moreover, pioglitazone alleviated the up-regulation of pyroptosis-related biomarkers and the increased cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB-1 and RAGE expression in cerebral penumbra cortex.	Pioglitazone	10-22	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	132-138
29554649-7	2018	Moreover, pioglitazone alleviated the up-regulation of pyroptosis-related biomarkers and the increased cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB-1 and RAGE expression in cerebral penumbra cortex.	Pioglitazone	10-22	MOK protein kinase	Rattus norvegicus	143-147
29554649-8	2018	Similarly, the protective effects of pioglitazone on cultured astrocytes were characterized by reduced Rac1 activity, pyroptosis related protein expressions and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release.	Pioglitazone	37-49	Rac family small GTPase 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-107
29554649-9	2018	However, these protective effects of pioglitazone were neutralized with the use of GW9662, a PPAR-gamma inhibitor.	Pioglitazone	37-49	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
29554649-12	2018	CONCLUSION: The neuroprotection of pioglitazone was attributable to the alleviated ischemia/hypoxia-induced pyroptosis and was also associated with the PPARgamma-mediated suppression of HGMB-1/RAGE signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	35-47	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	152-161
29554649-12	2018	CONCLUSION: The neuroprotection of pioglitazone was attributable to the alleviated ischemia/hypoxia-induced pyroptosis and was also associated with the PPARgamma-mediated suppression of HGMB-1/RAGE signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	35-47	MOK protein kinase	Rattus norvegicus	193-197
28661561-7	2018	Pioglitazone initiators had an increased incidence of bladder cancer (308 vs 204 [DPP-4s] or 231 [sulfonylureas] per 100 000 person-years; aHR, 1.57 [1.23-2.00] vs DPP-4s and 1.32 [1.02-1.70] vs sulfonylureas).	Pioglitazone	0-12	cathepsin C	Homo sapiens	164-176
29162435-2	2018	Pioglitazone, a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, has been shown to exert antiinflammatory and antidepressant effects and modulate neural plasticity in several neurodegenerative disorders.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	26-74
29162435-2	2018	Pioglitazone, a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, has been shown to exert antiinflammatory and antidepressant effects and modulate neural plasticity in several neurodegenerative disorders.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
29221940-0	2018	Pioglitazone attenuates aging-related disorders in aged apolipoprotein E deficient mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	56-72
29221940-1	2018	Pioglitazone (Piog) activates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) and is widely used in clinic for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	30-78
29221940-1	2018	Pioglitazone (Piog) activates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) and is widely used in clinic for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	80-89
29212876-5	2018	In addition, activation of PPARgamma by pioglitazone or targeting ERK1/2/Egr-1 suppressed leptin-induced PASMC proliferation.	Pioglitazone	40-52	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	27-36
29212876-5	2018	In addition, activation of PPARgamma by pioglitazone or targeting ERK1/2/Egr-1 suppressed leptin-induced PASMC proliferation.	Pioglitazone	40-52	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	90-96
29275517-6	2018	Elevated Abeta expression and Abeta42 level were found in HG-treated HT-22 cells, accompanied by increased BACE1 protein and mRNA levels as well as enzymatic activity, which was markedly attenuated by three concentrations of Sar and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	233-245	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	9-14
29275517-6	2018	Elevated Abeta expression and Abeta42 level were found in HG-treated HT-22 cells, accompanied by increased BACE1 protein and mRNA levels as well as enzymatic activity, which was markedly attenuated by three concentrations of Sar and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	233-245	beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1	Mus musculus	107-112
29275517-7	2018	Moreover, HG reduced nuclear PPARgamma levels, which was reversed by middle and high concentrations of Sar as well as pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	118-130	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	29-38
30132829-7	2018	Preincubation of rat ASMCs with pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma activator, blocked TGF-beta1-induced activation of Smad2/3 and its downstream targets changes of miR-21, PTEN, Akt, FOXO1, and cyclin D1, resulting in the inhibition of rat ASMC proliferation.	Pioglitazone	32-44	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
30132829-7	2018	Preincubation of rat ASMCs with pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma activator, blocked TGF-beta1-induced activation of Smad2/3 and its downstream targets changes of miR-21, PTEN, Akt, FOXO1, and cyclin D1, resulting in the inhibition of rat ASMC proliferation.	Pioglitazone	32-44	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-87
30132829-7	2018	Preincubation of rat ASMCs with pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma activator, blocked TGF-beta1-induced activation of Smad2/3 and its downstream targets changes of miR-21, PTEN, Akt, FOXO1, and cyclin D1, resulting in the inhibition of rat ASMC proliferation.	Pioglitazone	32-44	SMAD family member 2	Rattus norvegicus	110-117
30132829-7	2018	Preincubation of rat ASMCs with pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma activator, blocked TGF-beta1-induced activation of Smad2/3 and its downstream targets changes of miR-21, PTEN, Akt, FOXO1, and cyclin D1, resulting in the inhibition of rat ASMC proliferation.	Pioglitazone	32-44	microRNA 21	Rattus norvegicus	156-162
30132829-7	2018	Preincubation of rat ASMCs with pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma activator, blocked TGF-beta1-induced activation of Smad2/3 and its downstream targets changes of miR-21, PTEN, Akt, FOXO1, and cyclin D1, resulting in the inhibition of rat ASMC proliferation.	Pioglitazone	32-44	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	164-168
30132829-7	2018	Preincubation of rat ASMCs with pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma activator, blocked TGF-beta1-induced activation of Smad2/3 and its downstream targets changes of miR-21, PTEN, Akt, FOXO1, and cyclin D1, resulting in the inhibition of rat ASMC proliferation.	Pioglitazone	32-44	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	170-173
30132829-7	2018	Preincubation of rat ASMCs with pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma activator, blocked TGF-beta1-induced activation of Smad2/3 and its downstream targets changes of miR-21, PTEN, Akt, FOXO1, and cyclin D1, resulting in the inhibition of rat ASMC proliferation.	Pioglitazone	32-44	forkhead box O1	Rattus norvegicus	175-180
30132829-7	2018	Preincubation of rat ASMCs with pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma activator, blocked TGF-beta1-induced activation of Smad2/3 and its downstream targets changes of miR-21, PTEN, Akt, FOXO1, and cyclin D1, resulting in the inhibition of rat ASMC proliferation.	Pioglitazone	32-44	cyclin D1	Rattus norvegicus	186-195
28918389-6	2018	Although pioglitazone is emerging as the treatment of choice for NASH in patients with insulin-resistance, or those with T2DM, many other options are being tested.	Pioglitazone	9-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	87-94
29428947-0	2018	A Combination of the Aerosolized PPAR-gamma Agonist Pioglitazone and a Synthetic Surfactant Protein B Peptide Mimic Prevents Hyperoxia-Induced Neonatal Lung Injury in Rats.	Pioglitazone	52-64	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
29428947-4	2018	OBJECTIVES: Since PPAR-gamma agonists have been demonstrated to promote neonatal lung maturation and injury repair, we hypothesized that a formulation of a PPAR-gamma agonist, pioglitazone (PGZ) and a synthetic lung surfactant (a surfactant protein B peptide mimic, B-YL) combined would stimulate lung maturation and block hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury more effectively than either modality alone.	Pioglitazone	176-188	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
29428947-4	2018	OBJECTIVES: Since PPAR-gamma agonists have been demonstrated to promote neonatal lung maturation and injury repair, we hypothesized that a formulation of a PPAR-gamma agonist, pioglitazone (PGZ) and a synthetic lung surfactant (a surfactant protein B peptide mimic, B-YL) combined would stimulate lung maturation and block hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury more effectively than either modality alone.	Pioglitazone	176-188	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	156-166
29428947-4	2018	OBJECTIVES: Since PPAR-gamma agonists have been demonstrated to promote neonatal lung maturation and injury repair, we hypothesized that a formulation of a PPAR-gamma agonist, pioglitazone (PGZ) and a synthetic lung surfactant (a surfactant protein B peptide mimic, B-YL) combined would stimulate lung maturation and block hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury more effectively than either modality alone.	Pioglitazone	190-193	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
29428947-4	2018	OBJECTIVES: Since PPAR-gamma agonists have been demonstrated to promote neonatal lung maturation and injury repair, we hypothesized that a formulation of a PPAR-gamma agonist, pioglitazone (PGZ) and a synthetic lung surfactant (a surfactant protein B peptide mimic, B-YL) combined would stimulate lung maturation and block hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury more effectively than either modality alone.	Pioglitazone	190-193	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	156-166
29428947-9	2018	CONCLUSIONS: Nebulized PPAR-gamma agonist PGZ with a synthetic lung surfactant accelerates lung maturation and prevents neonatal hyperoxia-induced lung injury more than either modality alone, with the potential to provide more effective prevention of BPD.	Pioglitazone	42-45	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
29024521-9	2018	The early increased PPARgamma expression by pioglitazone might reduce serum triglycerides and decrease the CUG of the visceral adipose tissue in SGA.	Pioglitazone	44-56	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	20-29
29786570-2	2018	The aim: The purpose of the paper is to determine the dynamics of the insulin resistance indices in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus concomitant with coronary heart disease in the combination therapy with metformin and pioglitazone during 3 and 6 months.	Pioglitazone	225-237	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
29786570-5	2018	RESULTS: Results: The resulting data proved the statistically significant lowering of the markers and level of the insulin resistance under the effect of combination treatment with metformin and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	195-207	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
30684325-1	2018	OBJECTIVE: Introduction: The paper presents the findings of our own study on the changes of the systemic inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) during the combination treatment with metformin and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	251-263	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-14 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	161-164
29278639-14	2017	CONCLUSIONS Pioglitazone has a therapeutic effect on atherosclerosis in diabetes, and inhibition of RAGE signaling plays a critical role in mediating the beneficial effects of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	176-188	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Mus musculus	100-104
29278639-0	2017	Pioglitazone Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Diabetic Mice by Inhibition of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Product (RAGE) Signaling.	Pioglitazone	0-12	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Mus musculus	74-117
29251594-6	2017	Treatment of Lrp1-/- OPCs with cholesterol or activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma with pioglitazone alone is not sufficient to promote differentiation; however, when combined, cholesterol and pioglitazone enhance OPC differentiation into mature OLs.	Pioglitazone	114-126	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1	Mus musculus	13-17
29278639-0	2017	Pioglitazone Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Diabetic Mice by Inhibition of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Product (RAGE) Signaling.	Pioglitazone	0-12	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Mus musculus	119-123
29278639-2	2017	This study aimed to determine the effects of a PPAR-g agonist pioglitazone on atherogenesis in an ApoE knockout mouse (ApoE-/-) diabetic mouse model and in a cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) model.	Pioglitazone	62-74	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	47-53
29278639-10	2017	RESULTS Administration of pioglitazone in diabetic ApoE-/- mice successfully reduced atherosclerotic plaque area and the number of complicated plaques.	Pioglitazone	26-38	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	51-55
29278639-11	2017	Moreover, pioglitazone inhibited RAGE and stimulated PPAR-gamma protein expression in atherosclerotic plaques of diabetic ApoE-/- mice.	Pioglitazone	10-22	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Mus musculus	33-37
29278639-11	2017	Moreover, pioglitazone inhibited RAGE and stimulated PPAR-gamma protein expression in atherosclerotic plaques of diabetic ApoE-/- mice.	Pioglitazone	10-22	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	53-63
29278639-11	2017	Moreover, pioglitazone inhibited RAGE and stimulated PPAR-gamma protein expression in atherosclerotic plaques of diabetic ApoE-/- mice.	Pioglitazone	10-22	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	122-126
29278639-12	2017	In cultured VSMCs upon high-glucose challenge, pioglitazone downregulated RAGE mRNA and protein expression.	Pioglitazone	47-59	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Mus musculus	74-78
29278639-13	2017	Blockade of PPAR-gamma activity by GW9662 remarkably attenuated the inhibitory actions of pioglitazone on atherogenesis, both in diabetic ApoE-/- mice and in cultured VSMCs, upon high-glucose challenge.	Pioglitazone	90-102	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	12-22
29278639-13	2017	Blockade of PPAR-gamma activity by GW9662 remarkably attenuated the inhibitory actions of pioglitazone on atherogenesis, both in diabetic ApoE-/- mice and in cultured VSMCs, upon high-glucose challenge.	Pioglitazone	90-102	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	138-142
29251594-6	2017	Treatment of Lrp1-/- OPCs with cholesterol or activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma with pioglitazone alone is not sufficient to promote differentiation; however, when combined, cholesterol and pioglitazone enhance OPC differentiation into mature OLs.	Pioglitazone	114-126	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	60-108
29259897-0	2017	Pioglitazone ameliorates retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury via suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activities.	Pioglitazone	0-12	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	77-82
29362626-4	2017	RESULTS: The mean change in HbA1c from baseline was -1.001 +- 0.83 with sitagliptin and -0.75 +- 1.20 with pioglitazone, and there were no significant difference between groups (P = 0.132).	Pioglitazone	107-119	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	28-32
29267505-8	2017	Pioglitazone had a therapeutic effect in treating rats with SAP by decreasing the level of amylase activity, ameliorating pancreatic histological damage, decreasing serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and tissue MPO activity, and downregulating the expression of NF-kappaB, p38MAPK, and Card9 mRNAs and proteins (P&lt;0.05).	Pioglitazone	0-12	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	215-218
29267505-8	2017	Pioglitazone had a therapeutic effect in treating rats with SAP by decreasing the level of amylase activity, ameliorating pancreatic histological damage, decreasing serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and tissue MPO activity, and downregulating the expression of NF-kappaB, p38MAPK, and Card9 mRNAs and proteins (P&lt;0.05).	Pioglitazone	0-12	caspase recruitment domain family, member 9	Rattus norvegicus	290-295
28946547-2	2017	Pioglitazone is a pharmacologic agonist of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) that was reported to ameliorate hepatic steatosis and inflammatory changes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	43-92
28946547-2	2017	Pioglitazone is a pharmacologic agonist of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) that was reported to ameliorate hepatic steatosis and inflammatory changes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	94-104
28946547-8	2017	RESULTS: Upon pioglitazone treatment, the PDGF and TIMP-2 expression levels were decreased compared with high-fat diet-fed mice devoid of drug stimulation.	Pioglitazone	14-26	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2	Mus musculus	51-57
28946547-0	2017	Pioglitazone suppresses inflammation and fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by down-regulating PDGF and TIMP-2: Evidence from in vitro study.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2	Mus musculus	114-120
28636803-7	2017	Subcutaneous injection of testosterone increased serum levels of testosterone and PSA which was ameliorated by pretreatments of rat with ATR, celecoxib, or pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	156-168	aminopeptidase puromycin sensitive	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
29203903-0	2017	Structures of PPARgamma complexed with lobeglitazone and pioglitazone reveal key determinants for the recognition of antidiabetic drugs.	Pioglitazone	57-69	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	14-23
29203903-4	2017	To identify the structural determinants for the high potency of lobeglitazone as a PPARgamma agonist, we determined the crystal structures of the PPARgamma ligand binding domain (LBD) in complex with lobeglitazone and pioglitazone at 1.7 and 1.8 A resolutions, respectively.	Pioglitazone	218-230	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	146-155
28787583-0	2017	Protective effects of pioglitazone on vascular endothelial cell dysfunction induced by high glucose via inhibition of IKKalpha/beta-NFkappaB signaling mediated by PPARgamma in vitro.	Pioglitazone	22-34	component of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase complex	Homo sapiens	118-126
28787583-0	2017	Protective effects of pioglitazone on vascular endothelial cell dysfunction induced by high glucose via inhibition of IKKalpha/beta-NFkappaB signaling mediated by PPARgamma in vitro.	Pioglitazone	22-34	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	163-172
28514232-3	2017	2) Systemic administration of a PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone (PIO), attenuates whisker pad mechanical allodynia at doses of 300 mg/kg i.p.	Pioglitazone	51-63	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	32-41
28514232-3	2017	2) Systemic administration of a PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone (PIO), attenuates whisker pad mechanical allodynia at doses of 300 mg/kg i.p.	Pioglitazone	65-68	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	32-41
29174535-4	2017	Inter-individual variability in the hepatic intrinsic clearance of CYP2C8 substrates (CLint,h,2C8) was estimated from the inter-individual variability in pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone, which is a major CYP2C8 substrate.	Pioglitazone	174-186	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	67-73
29174535-4	2017	Inter-individual variability in the hepatic intrinsic clearance of CYP2C8 substrates (CLint,h,2C8) was estimated from the inter-individual variability in pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone, which is a major CYP2C8 substrate.	Pioglitazone	174-186	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	205-211
29107025-7	2017	A-type-EGCG-dimer and pioglitazone reduced the expression levels of the GRP78, PEPCK, G6Pase, p-PERK, p-IRE1, p-JNK, ATF4, CHOP and increased p-AKT in livers of the Pb group.	Pioglitazone	22-34	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Rattus norvegicus	72-77
29107025-7	2017	A-type-EGCG-dimer and pioglitazone reduced the expression levels of the GRP78, PEPCK, G6Pase, p-PERK, p-IRE1, p-JNK, ATF4, CHOP and increased p-AKT in livers of the Pb group.	Pioglitazone	22-34	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-84
29107025-7	2017	A-type-EGCG-dimer and pioglitazone reduced the expression levels of the GRP78, PEPCK, G6Pase, p-PERK, p-IRE1, p-JNK, ATF4, CHOP and increased p-AKT in livers of the Pb group.	Pioglitazone	22-34	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-92
29107025-7	2017	A-type-EGCG-dimer and pioglitazone reduced the expression levels of the GRP78, PEPCK, G6Pase, p-PERK, p-IRE1, p-JNK, ATF4, CHOP and increased p-AKT in livers of the Pb group.	Pioglitazone	22-34	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
29107025-7	2017	A-type-EGCG-dimer and pioglitazone reduced the expression levels of the GRP78, PEPCK, G6Pase, p-PERK, p-IRE1, p-JNK, ATF4, CHOP and increased p-AKT in livers of the Pb group.	Pioglitazone	22-34	activating transcription factor 4	Rattus norvegicus	117-121
29107025-7	2017	A-type-EGCG-dimer and pioglitazone reduced the expression levels of the GRP78, PEPCK, G6Pase, p-PERK, p-IRE1, p-JNK, ATF4, CHOP and increased p-AKT in livers of the Pb group.	Pioglitazone	22-34	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Rattus norvegicus	123-127
29020601-0	2017	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, reduces nicotine craving in humans, with marginal effects on abuse potential.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	16-25
29256528-0	2017	Comparison of metformin and pioglitazone in achieving sustained virological response in chronic hepatitis C patients with insulin resistance: A quasi-experimental study.	Pioglitazone	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	122-129
29020601-2	2017	The current study extends this research into the human laboratory as the first clinical study into the effects of the PPAR gamma agonist, pioglitazone, on the abuse potential of nicotine.	Pioglitazone	138-150	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	118-128
29038211-0	2017	Letter by Musso et al Regarding Article, "Cardiac Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: Effects of Pioglitazone in Patients With Insulin Resistance Without Diabetes Mellitus".	Pioglitazone	122-134	insulin	Homo sapiens	152-159
29163673-3	2017	Pioglitazone, a member of the thiazolidinedione class, with a proven antihyperglycemic effect, is known to positively influence insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function and to have the potential to alter the lipid profile.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	128-135
29163673-14	2017	Conclusion: Our results prove that the PPAR gamma agonist pioglitazone has the potential to be beneficial to patients with T2DM.	Pioglitazone	58-70	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	39-49
29123170-6	2017	By performing image-based drug screening, we found pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, increased the pAkt/Akt ratio, which in turn ameliorated the insulin-induced transcriptional repression of the gluconeogenic gene phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1.	Pioglitazone	51-63	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	67-76
29123170-6	2017	By performing image-based drug screening, we found pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, increased the pAkt/Akt ratio, which in turn ameliorated the insulin-induced transcriptional repression of the gluconeogenic gene phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1.	Pioglitazone	51-63	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	101-104
28847910-5	2017	RESULTS: Pioglitazone reduced HbA1c by 0.9%; decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 7 +- 2 and 7 +- 2 mmHg, respectively (P &lt; 0.05); and increased whole-body insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by 71% (3.4 +- 1.3 to 5.8 +- 2.1 mg/kg   min; P &lt; 0.01) in subjects with T2D.	Pioglitazone	9-21	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	30-34
28847910-5	2017	RESULTS: Pioglitazone reduced HbA1c by 0.9%; decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 7 +- 2 and 7 +- 2 mmHg, respectively (P &lt; 0.05); and increased whole-body insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by 71% (3.4 +- 1.3 to 5.8 +- 2.1 mg/kg   min; P &lt; 0.01) in subjects with T2D.	Pioglitazone	9-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	173-180
28323503-0	2017	Add on DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin alone or in combination with pioglitazone improved beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in metformin treated PCOS.	Pioglitazone	63-75	insulin	Homo sapiens	108-115
29183107-0	2017	Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome, oligo amenorrhoea and subfertility.	Pioglitazone	53-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
29182629-11	2017	Pioglitazone (PPARgamma-specific), tesaglitazar (PPARgamma/alpha-specific), and fenofibric acid (PPARalpha-specific) all provided &gt;90% protection from gentamicin toxicity by regulation of overlapping subsets of genes controlling ROS detoxification.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	14-23
28867608-6	2017	We further found that pre-incubation of PASMCs with pioglitazone, an agonist of PPARgamma receptors, significantly increased PPARgamma expression and activity, and blocked PDGF-stimulated cell proliferation by regulating HDAC1-mediated miR-124 and CDK4 expression.	Pioglitazone	52-64	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	80-89
28867608-6	2017	We further found that pre-incubation of PASMCs with pioglitazone, an agonist of PPARgamma receptors, significantly increased PPARgamma expression and activity, and blocked PDGF-stimulated cell proliferation by regulating HDAC1-mediated miR-124 and CDK4 expression.	Pioglitazone	52-64	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	125-134
28867608-6	2017	We further found that pre-incubation of PASMCs with pioglitazone, an agonist of PPARgamma receptors, significantly increased PPARgamma expression and activity, and blocked PDGF-stimulated cell proliferation by regulating HDAC1-mediated miR-124 and CDK4 expression.	Pioglitazone	52-64	histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens	221-226
28867608-6	2017	We further found that pre-incubation of PASMCs with pioglitazone, an agonist of PPARgamma receptors, significantly increased PPARgamma expression and activity, and blocked PDGF-stimulated cell proliferation by regulating HDAC1-mediated miR-124 and CDK4 expression.	Pioglitazone	52-64	cyclin dependent kinase 4	Homo sapiens	248-252
28664354-8	2017	After pioglitazone withdrawal, case reports increased for dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glinides, and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues (+84%, +22% and +5%, respectively) and reimbursements (+55, +11 and +50%, respectively); both decreased for sulfonylureas (case reports: -6%, reimbursements: -2%).	Pioglitazone	6-18	glucagon	Homo sapiens	140-145
28969989-4	2017	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, exerts anti-angiogenesis effect.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	16-64
28969989-12	2017	Pioglitazone did not influence the hemodynamic parameters, glucose and liver biochemistry levels, oxygen saturation and alveolar arterial gradient, but significantly down-regulated pulmonary VEGF protein expression, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activation, and decreased intrapulmonary shunts.	Pioglitazone	0-12	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	191-195
28969989-14	2017	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone down-regulated VEGF, eNOS and decreased intrapulmonary shunts without improving oxygenation.	Pioglitazone	12-24	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
28975238-0	2017	Which Patients With Ischemic Stroke and Insulin Resistance May Benefit From Pioglitazone Hydrochloride?	Pioglitazone	76-102	insulin	Homo sapiens	40-47
28849074-0	2017	Effect of pioglitazone on the calcification of rat vascular smooth muscle cells through the downregulation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	10-22	catenin beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-130
29239323-0	2017	Targeting mitoNEET with pioglitazone for therapeutic neuroprotection after spinal cord injury.	Pioglitazone	24-36	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	10-18
29084546-12	2017	Moreover, PIO significantly induced AMPK phosphorylation, decreased IL-17+ and increased FoxP3+ cells in spleen of apoE-/- mice.	Pioglitazone	10-13	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	68-73
29084546-12	2017	Moreover, PIO significantly induced AMPK phosphorylation, decreased IL-17+ and increased FoxP3+ cells in spleen of apoE-/- mice.	Pioglitazone	10-13	forkhead box P3	Mus musculus	89-94
29084546-12	2017	Moreover, PIO significantly induced AMPK phosphorylation, decreased IL-17+ and increased FoxP3+ cells in spleen of apoE-/- mice.	Pioglitazone	10-13	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	115-119
28867378-1	2017	The insulin sensitizing glitazone drugs, rosiglitazone (ROS) and pioglitazone (PGZ) both have anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects and induce adipose tissue (fat) to produce the vaso-protective protein adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	65-77	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	214-225
28867378-1	2017	The insulin sensitizing glitazone drugs, rosiglitazone (ROS) and pioglitazone (PGZ) both have anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects and induce adipose tissue (fat) to produce the vaso-protective protein adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	79-82	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	214-225
28867378-9	2017	Both ROS and PGZ significantly induced the release of adiponectin and inhibited release of MCP-1 from the fat.	Pioglitazone	13-16	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	54-65
28867378-9	2017	Both ROS and PGZ significantly induced the release of adiponectin and inhibited release of MCP-1 from the fat.	Pioglitazone	13-16	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	91-96
29038212-0	2017	Letter by Jin-Shan and Xue-Bin Regarding Article, "Cardiac Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: Effects of Pioglitazone in Patients With Insulin Resistance Without Diabetes Mellitus".	Pioglitazone	131-143	insulin	Homo sapiens	161-168
29038213-0	2017	Response by Young et al to Letters Regarding Article, "Cardiac Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: Effects of Pioglitazone in Patients With Insulin Resistance Without Diabetes Mellitus".	Pioglitazone	135-147	insulin	Homo sapiens	165-172
28822761-9	2017	Molecular studies revealed that vascular PPAR-gamma expression and activity were reduced in HFD groups, compared with LFD groups, but were reversed by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	151-163	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	41-51
28498501-0	2017	PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone modifies craving intensity and brain white matter integrity in patients with primary cocaine use disorder: a double-blind randomized controlled pilot trial.	Pioglitazone	19-31	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-10
28498501-1	2017	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Pioglitazone (PIO), a potent agonist of PPAR-gamma, is a promising candidate treatment for cocaine use disorder (CUD).	Pioglitazone	21-33	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	61-71
28649126-11	2017	Pre-treatment with a PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone (500 g/kg, ig) reversed LPS/cis-SG-induced liver injury, which was associated with inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) pathway.	Pioglitazone	40-52	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
28498501-1	2017	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Pioglitazone (PIO), a potent agonist of PPAR-gamma, is a promising candidate treatment for cocaine use disorder (CUD).	Pioglitazone	35-38	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	61-71
28810524-2	2017	Pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist associated with bone loss and risk of fracture in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	16-26
28810524-11	2017	Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased urinary calcium, serum TRAP, mRNA expression of RANKL, PPAR-gamma as well as significantly decreased Runx2, OPG, osteocalcin and AMPK levels in diabetic rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tudor domain containing 7	Rattus norvegicus	70-74
28810524-11	2017	Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased urinary calcium, serum TRAP, mRNA expression of RANKL, PPAR-gamma as well as significantly decreased Runx2, OPG, osteocalcin and AMPK levels in diabetic rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	TNF superfamily member 11	Rattus norvegicus	95-100
28810524-11	2017	Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased urinary calcium, serum TRAP, mRNA expression of RANKL, PPAR-gamma as well as significantly decreased Runx2, OPG, osteocalcin and AMPK levels in diabetic rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
28810524-11	2017	Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased urinary calcium, serum TRAP, mRNA expression of RANKL, PPAR-gamma as well as significantly decreased Runx2, OPG, osteocalcin and AMPK levels in diabetic rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	148-153
28810524-11	2017	Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased urinary calcium, serum TRAP, mRNA expression of RANKL, PPAR-gamma as well as significantly decreased Runx2, OPG, osteocalcin and AMPK levels in diabetic rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	TNF receptor superfamily member 11B	Rattus norvegicus	155-158
28810524-11	2017	Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased urinary calcium, serum TRAP, mRNA expression of RANKL, PPAR-gamma as well as significantly decreased Runx2, OPG, osteocalcin and AMPK levels in diabetic rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Rattus norvegicus	160-171
28810524-11	2017	Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased urinary calcium, serum TRAP, mRNA expression of RANKL, PPAR-gamma as well as significantly decreased Runx2, OPG, osteocalcin and AMPK levels in diabetic rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	176-180
28665544-3	2017	We sought to investigate the potential effects of pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma activator, on atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation (AF) inducibility in diabetic rabbits.	Pioglitazone	50-62	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	66-76
28912917-1	2017	Pioglitazone is one of thiazolidinedione derivatives, which stimulates nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and improves glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	79-127
28810524-13	2017	Whereas, berberine treatment alone and in combination with pioglitazone remarkably ameliorates the abnormal urinary calcium, mRNA expression of AMPK, bone turnover markers, femur epiphysis micro-architecture, histology and also increases BMD in diabetic rats.	Pioglitazone	59-71	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	144-148
28810524-14	2017	In conclusion, berberine shows protective effect against pioglitazone-induced bone loss in diabetic rats possibly through AMPK activation pathway.	Pioglitazone	57-69	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	122-126
28912917-1	2017	Pioglitazone is one of thiazolidinedione derivatives, which stimulates nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and improves glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	174-181
28912917-6	2017	The low-dose pioglitazone therapy may show the same degree of improvements in glucose and lipid metabolism, fatty liver, insulin resistance, and adiponectin as the standard- and high-dose pioglitazone therapy.	Pioglitazone	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	121-128
28912917-6	2017	The low-dose pioglitazone therapy may show the same degree of improvements in glucose and lipid metabolism, fatty liver, insulin resistance, and adiponectin as the standard- and high-dose pioglitazone therapy.	Pioglitazone	13-25	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	145-156
28457196-4	2017	Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist with a variety of anti-inflammatory effects.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	18-66
29362600-0	2017	Palmitate-induced insulin resistance is attenuated by Pioglitazone and EGCG through reducing the gluconeogenic key enzymes expression in HepG2 cells.	Pioglitazone	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
29362600-10	2017	Pioglitazone reduced the mRNA level of PEPCK and G6Pase by 58 and 62% respectively.	Pioglitazone	0-12	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	39-44
29362600-10	2017	Pioglitazone reduced the mRNA level of PEPCK and G6Pase by 58 and 62% respectively.	Pioglitazone	0-12	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	49-55
29362600-11	2017	Combined treatment of insulin-resistant cells with EGCG and pioglitazone significantly decreased the mRNA level of PEPCK and G6Pase by 73 and 80%, respectively.	Pioglitazone	60-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
29362600-11	2017	Combined treatment of insulin-resistant cells with EGCG and pioglitazone significantly decreased the mRNA level of PEPCK and G6Pase by 73 and 80%, respectively.	Pioglitazone	60-72	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	115-120
29362600-11	2017	Combined treatment of insulin-resistant cells with EGCG and pioglitazone significantly decreased the mRNA level of PEPCK and G6Pase by 73 and 80%, respectively.	Pioglitazone	60-72	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	125-131
29362600-13	2017	When the insulin resistant HepG2 cells were treated alone with EGCG and pioglitazone, the glucose production reduced by 50 and 55%, respectively.	Pioglitazone	72-84	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
29362600-15	2017	CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest the additive inhibitory effect of co-treatment with pioglitazone and EGCG on the gluconeogenesis pathway in palmitate-induced insulin resistance HepG2 cells.	Pioglitazone	84-96	insulin	Homo sapiens	158-165
32188218-0	2017	Mixture of five herbal extracts ameliorates pioglitazone-induced aggravation of hepatic steatosis via activating the adiponectin receptor 2/AMP-activated protein kinase signal pathway in diabetic KKAy mice.	Pioglitazone	44-56	adiponectin receptor 2	Mus musculus	117-139
28294376-0	2017	Influence of the pharmacokinetic profile on the plasma glucose lowering effect of the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone in Wistar fatty rats.	Pioglitazone	104-116	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	86-95
28886715-10	2017	RESULTS: In primary mixed cultures of rat astrocytes and microglia, HIV-1ADA gp120 exposure resulted in a significant elevation of inflammatory markers and a decrease in GLT-1 expression which were significantly attenuated with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	245-257	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	77-82
28647405-6	2017	In addition, both PGZ and DHA induced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated-kinase 1-2 (ERK1/2), in a PPAR-gamma-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	18-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	61-102
28647405-6	2017	In addition, both PGZ and DHA induced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated-kinase 1-2 (ERK1/2), in a PPAR-gamma-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	18-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	104-110
28647405-6	2017	In addition, both PGZ and DHA induced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated-kinase 1-2 (ERK1/2), in a PPAR-gamma-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	18-21	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	118-128
28647405-7	2017	ERK1/2 activity is known to regulate the transition from OPs to immature oligodendrocytes and the presence of specific inhibitors of ERK1/2 phosphorylation (U0126 or PD98059) prevented the differentiating effects of both DHA and PGZ.	Pioglitazone	229-232	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	0-6
28647405-7	2017	ERK1/2 activity is known to regulate the transition from OPs to immature oligodendrocytes and the presence of specific inhibitors of ERK1/2 phosphorylation (U0126 or PD98059) prevented the differentiating effects of both DHA and PGZ.	Pioglitazone	229-232	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	133-139
28294376-3	2017	Pioglitazone hydrochloride, the PPARgamma agonist, was administered orally to Wistar fatty rats once a day (q.d.)	Pioglitazone	0-26	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	32-41
28811859-6	2017	A significant decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels was observed in all of the patients that had LDL-C levels determined (P = 0.0406) (n = 37), and in a subgroup of patients who had not taken either statins, fibrates, or pioglitazone, or who had taken one or more of these drugs but the doses were not changed during the observation period (P = 0.0250) (n = 27).	Pioglitazone	246-258	component of oligomeric golgi complex 2	Homo sapiens	26-61
28811859-6	2017	A significant decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels was observed in all of the patients that had LDL-C levels determined (P = 0.0406) (n = 37), and in a subgroup of patients who had not taken either statins, fibrates, or pioglitazone, or who had taken one or more of these drugs but the doses were not changed during the observation period (P = 0.0250) (n = 27).	Pioglitazone	246-258	component of oligomeric golgi complex 2	Homo sapiens	63-68
28589542-5	2017	Drug-naive people with T2D do often show surprisingly strong reductions in HbA1c with metformin-based dual-agent oral treatment approaches; a recent report showed that even with baseline HbA1c &gt;11%, the combination of metformin with a sulfonylurea, pioglitazone, or sitagliptin was associated with reduction in HbA1c from 11.6% to 6.0%.	Pioglitazone	252-264	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	75-79
28419516-14	2017	In another experiment, concurrent ip administration of non-effective dose of simvastatin (5 mg/kg) with pioglitazone (PPARgamma agonist; 10, 20 mg/kg) produced antinociception.	Pioglitazone	104-116	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	118-127
28860566-6	2017	Results demonstrate that GM-CSF is required for cholesterol clearance in macrophages, identify reduced cholesterol clearance as the primary macrophage defect driving PAP pathogenesis, and support the feasibility of translating pioglitazone as a novel pharmacotherapy of PAP.	Pioglitazone	227-239	colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)	Mus musculus	25-31
28831172-6	2017	Hepatic expression of cytosolic-lipolysis related proteins (ATGL, HSL), beta-oxidation (CPT-1A) and autophagy-related proteins (ATG7, LC3, LAL) was significantly enhanced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	174-186	patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2	Mus musculus	60-64
28831172-6	2017	Hepatic expression of cytosolic-lipolysis related proteins (ATGL, HSL), beta-oxidation (CPT-1A) and autophagy-related proteins (ATG7, LC3, LAL) was significantly enhanced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	174-186	lipase, hormone sensitive	Mus musculus	66-69
28831172-6	2017	Hepatic expression of cytosolic-lipolysis related proteins (ATGL, HSL), beta-oxidation (CPT-1A) and autophagy-related proteins (ATG7, LC3, LAL) was significantly enhanced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	174-186	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, liver	Mus musculus	88-94
28416142-7	2017	Nano-DDS loaded with pioglitazone reduced Ly6Chigh inflammatory monocytes and increased Ly6Clow non-inflammatory monocytes in the peripheral blood, and induced M2 macrophage-associated genes in the aorta.	Pioglitazone	21-33	lymphocyte antigen 6 complex	Mus musculus	42-45
28801277-0	2017	[Pioglitazone ameliorates atherosclerosis in apoE knockout mice through transforming growth factor-beta/Smad signaling and adaptive T cell immunity].	Pioglitazone	1-13	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	45-49
28801277-0	2017	[Pioglitazone ameliorates atherosclerosis in apoE knockout mice through transforming growth factor-beta/Smad signaling and adaptive T cell immunity].	Pioglitazone	1-13	SMAD family member 7	Mus musculus	104-108
28801277-1	2017	OBJECTIVE: To examine whether transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) pathway and adaptive T cell immunity play roles in the anti-atherosclerotic effects of pioglitazone (PIO) in ApoE-/- mice.	Pioglitazone	160-172	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	182-186
28860994-8	2017	Furthermore, pioglitazone increased fusion proteins Opa-1 and Mfn2 expressions and decreased fission protein Drp1 expression.	Pioglitazone	13-25	collapsin response mediator protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-113
28860994-1	2017	Pioglitazone is a type of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist and has been demonstrated to be effective in chronic kidney diseases (CKD) treatment.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	26-74
28860994-1	2017	Pioglitazone is a type of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist and has been demonstrated to be effective in chronic kidney diseases (CKD) treatment.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	76-85
28860994-3	2017	In the present study, the renoprotective mechanism of pioglitazone was investigated in 5/6 nephrectomized (Nx) rats and TGF-beta1-exposed HK-2 cells.	Pioglitazone	54-66	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-129
28860994-5	2017	Renal fibrosis and enhanced expressions of profibrotic proteins TGF-beta1, fibronectin and collagen I caused by Nx were significantly alleviated by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	148-160	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-73
28860994-5	2017	Renal fibrosis and enhanced expressions of profibrotic proteins TGF-beta1, fibronectin and collagen I caused by Nx were significantly alleviated by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	148-160	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-86
28860994-7	2017	Pioglitazone also upregulated the expression levels of ATP synthase beta, COX I and NDUFB8, which were downregulated in the kidney of Nx rats and TGF-beta1-exposed HK-2 cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B8	Rattus norvegicus	84-90
28860994-7	2017	Pioglitazone also upregulated the expression levels of ATP synthase beta, COX I and NDUFB8, which were downregulated in the kidney of Nx rats and TGF-beta1-exposed HK-2 cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	146-155
28860994-8	2017	Furthermore, pioglitazone increased fusion proteins Opa-1 and Mfn2 expressions and decreased fission protein Drp1 expression.	Pioglitazone	13-25	OPA1, mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
28860994-8	2017	Furthermore, pioglitazone increased fusion proteins Opa-1 and Mfn2 expressions and decreased fission protein Drp1 expression.	Pioglitazone	13-25	mitofusin 2	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
29087390-1	2017	BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To gain further insight into the role of adipocyte mitochondria in systemic lipid metabolism, inflammation and insulin sensitivity in humans and to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	294-306	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	237-285
29087390-5	2017	Pioglitazone, which improved insulin sensitivity, plasma lipids and inflammation, increased the mitochondrial copy number, and led to a redistribution of mitochondria from a punctate to a more reticular pattern as observed in NGT.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	29-36
28800627-9	2017	Moreover, the combination of PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone and PA024 caused synergistic suppressive effects on CYP11B2 mRNA expression.	Pioglitazone	47-59	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	29-38
28800627-9	2017	Moreover, the combination of PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone and PA024 caused synergistic suppressive effects on CYP11B2 mRNA expression.	Pioglitazone	47-59	cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 2	Homo sapiens	112-119
28556428-8	2017	Pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist, and L-carnitine, an amino acid involved in lipid metabolism, displayed the strongest effects on both the novel transcriptional markers of CR and the additional CR biomarkers tested.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	16-26
28560603-4	2017	An miR-130a-3p mimic was induced into CCA cells using lipofection, and we used pioglitazone as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist in vitro.	Pioglitazone	79-91	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	97-145
28560603-4	2017	An miR-130a-3p mimic was induced into CCA cells using lipofection, and we used pioglitazone as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist in vitro.	Pioglitazone	79-91	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	147-156
28499821-6	2017	To help address these questions molecular dynamic simulations were performed of rosiglitazone, pioglitazone and rivoglitazone in complex with PPARalpha, PPARdelta, and PPARgamma in order to better understand the mechanisms of PPAR selectivity.	Pioglitazone	95-107	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	142-151
28499821-6	2017	To help address these questions molecular dynamic simulations were performed of rosiglitazone, pioglitazone and rivoglitazone in complex with PPARalpha, PPARdelta, and PPARgamma in order to better understand the mechanisms of PPAR selectivity.	Pioglitazone	95-107	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	153-162
28499821-6	2017	To help address these questions molecular dynamic simulations were performed of rosiglitazone, pioglitazone and rivoglitazone in complex with PPARalpha, PPARdelta, and PPARgamma in order to better understand the mechanisms of PPAR selectivity.	Pioglitazone	95-107	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	168-177
28499821-6	2017	To help address these questions molecular dynamic simulations were performed of rosiglitazone, pioglitazone and rivoglitazone in complex with PPARalpha, PPARdelta, and PPARgamma in order to better understand the mechanisms of PPAR selectivity.	Pioglitazone	95-107	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	142-146
28167117-0	2017	Protection against alcohol-induced neuronal and cognitive damage by the PPARgamma receptor agonist pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	99-111	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	72-81
28167117-5	2017	Here we examine whether treatment with the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone is beneficial in counteracting neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation and cognitive damage produced by binge alcohol intoxication.	Pioglitazone	61-73	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	43-52
28555877-3	2017	Here, we tested the hypothesis that adjuvant treatment of KD-treated mice with a PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, would result in an additive effect.	Pioglitazone	100-112	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	81-90
28831172-6	2017	Hepatic expression of cytosolic-lipolysis related proteins (ATGL, HSL), beta-oxidation (CPT-1A) and autophagy-related proteins (ATG7, LC3, LAL) was significantly enhanced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	174-186	autophagy related 7	Mus musculus	128-132
28831172-6	2017	Hepatic expression of cytosolic-lipolysis related proteins (ATGL, HSL), beta-oxidation (CPT-1A) and autophagy-related proteins (ATG7, LC3, LAL) was significantly enhanced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	174-186	microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha	Mus musculus	134-137
28831172-6	2017	Hepatic expression of cytosolic-lipolysis related proteins (ATGL, HSL), beta-oxidation (CPT-1A) and autophagy-related proteins (ATG7, LC3, LAL) was significantly enhanced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	174-186	lysosomal acid lipase A	Mus musculus	139-142
28831172-7	2017	Knockdown PPARalpha/PPARgamma in AML12 cells significantly and proportionally reduced the expressions of ATGL, CPT-1A and LC3II, which was induced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	150-162	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	10-19
28831172-7	2017	Knockdown PPARalpha/PPARgamma in AML12 cells significantly and proportionally reduced the expressions of ATGL, CPT-1A and LC3II, which was induced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	150-162	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	20-29
28831172-7	2017	Knockdown PPARalpha/PPARgamma in AML12 cells significantly and proportionally reduced the expressions of ATGL, CPT-1A and LC3II, which was induced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	150-162	patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2	Mus musculus	105-109
28831172-7	2017	Knockdown PPARalpha/PPARgamma in AML12 cells significantly and proportionally reduced the expressions of ATGL, CPT-1A and LC3II, which was induced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	150-162	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, liver	Mus musculus	111-117
28831172-9	2017	Our results demonstrated that pioglitazone attenuating the hepatic steatosis may be mediated by enhancing cytosolic lipolysis, beta-oxidation and autophagy in a PPARalpha and PPARgamma dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	30-42	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	161-170
28831172-9	2017	Our results demonstrated that pioglitazone attenuating the hepatic steatosis may be mediated by enhancing cytosolic lipolysis, beta-oxidation and autophagy in a PPARalpha and PPARgamma dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	30-42	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	175-184
28442545-7	2017	Expression of these proteins was restored in cells that were treated with pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, before infection with PAO1 and 3O-C12-HSL.	Pioglitazone	74-86	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	90-99
28442545-10	2017	Importantly, our data show that pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, significantly inhibits biofilm formation on epithelial cells by a mechanism that is mediated via paraoxonase-2.	Pioglitazone	32-44	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	48-57
28597936-6	2017	Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are thiazolidinedione (TZD) compounds that have been used clinically as insulin-sensitizing drugs and are generally believed to mediate their effects via activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	18-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	203-251
28597936-6	2017	Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are thiazolidinedione (TZD) compounds that have been used clinically as insulin-sensitizing drugs and are generally believed to mediate their effects via activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	18-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	253-262
28597936-11	2017	We found that both pioglitazone and MSDC-0602 elicited their beneficial metabolic effects, including improvement in glucose tolerance, attenuation of hepatic steatosis, reduction of adipose tissue inflammation and stimulation of adipocyte browning, in both wild-type and Mpc2Delta16 mice after high-fat diet feeding.	Pioglitazone	19-31	mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2	Mus musculus	271-287
28595081-0	2017	Pioglitazone attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behaviors, modulates NF-kappaB/IL-6/STAT3, CREB/BDNF pathways and central serotonergic neurotransmission in mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	98-102
28595081-0	2017	Pioglitazone attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behaviors, modulates NF-kappaB/IL-6/STAT3, CREB/BDNF pathways and central serotonergic neurotransmission in mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	103-108
28595081-0	2017	Pioglitazone attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behaviors, modulates NF-kappaB/IL-6/STAT3, CREB/BDNF pathways and central serotonergic neurotransmission in mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	110-114
28595081-0	2017	Pioglitazone attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behaviors, modulates NF-kappaB/IL-6/STAT3, CREB/BDNF pathways and central serotonergic neurotransmission in mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	115-119
28595081-2	2017	Pioglitazone (PIO), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, has exhibited antidepressant-like effects in a couple of studies.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	22-70
28595081-2	2017	Pioglitazone (PIO), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, has exhibited antidepressant-like effects in a couple of studies.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	72-82
28595081-2	2017	Pioglitazone (PIO), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, has exhibited antidepressant-like effects in a couple of studies.	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	22-70
28595081-2	2017	Pioglitazone (PIO), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, has exhibited antidepressant-like effects in a couple of studies.	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	72-82
28656266-8	2017	Treatment with PIO additionally inhibited the formation of granules and reduced the expression of beta-hexosaminidase.	Pioglitazone	15-18	O-GlcNAcase	Mus musculus	98-117
28790817-7	2017	Activation of certain transcription factors may also be relevant, as a large retrospective cohort study of COPD patients with diabetes found that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists rosiglitazone and pioglitazone were associated with reduced COPD exacerbation rate.	Pioglitazone	238-250	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	150-198
28486596-3	2017	However, pioglitazone is also a strong BSEP inhibitor, indicating other mechanisms may also be involved in troglitazone-induced BA retention.	Pioglitazone	9-21	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 11	Homo sapiens	39-43
28790817-7	2017	Activation of certain transcription factors may also be relevant, as a large retrospective cohort study of COPD patients with diabetes found that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists rosiglitazone and pioglitazone were associated with reduced COPD exacerbation rate.	Pioglitazone	238-250	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	200-209
28138970-6	2017	They also showed a higher inducibility of IL-1beta when treated by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	67-79	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	42-50
28708885-0	2017	Pioglitazone ameliorates glomerular NLRP3 inflammasome activation in apolipoprotein E knockout mice with diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	0-12	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	36-41
28708885-0	2017	Pioglitazone ameliorates glomerular NLRP3 inflammasome activation in apolipoprotein E knockout mice with diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	0-12	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	69-85
28708885-10	2017	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone can ameliorate diabetic renal damage, and this effect is related to the inhibition of renal AGE/RAGE axis activation and the down-regulation of NF-kappaB expression.	Pioglitazone	12-24	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Mus musculus	121-125
28708885-10	2017	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone can ameliorate diabetic renal damage, and this effect is related to the inhibition of renal AGE/RAGE axis activation and the down-regulation of NF-kappaB expression.	Pioglitazone	12-24	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	169-178
28752027-3	2017	PPARs constitute a recognized druggable target and indeed several classes of drugs used in the treatment of metabolic disease symptoms, such as dyslipidemia (fibrates, e.g. fenofibrate and gemfibrozil) and diabetes (thiazolidinediones, e.g. rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) are ligands for the various PPAR isoforms.	Pioglitazone	259-271	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-4
28337819-8	2017	Moreover, insulin-sensitizing drugs (metformin, pioglitazone, and rosiglitazone) suppress LPS-induced TGF-beta and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in PFMC.	Pioglitazone	48-60	insulin	Homo sapiens	10-17
28337819-8	2017	Moreover, insulin-sensitizing drugs (metformin, pioglitazone, and rosiglitazone) suppress LPS-induced TGF-beta and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in PFMC.	Pioglitazone	48-60	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	102-110
28337819-8	2017	Moreover, insulin-sensitizing drugs (metformin, pioglitazone, and rosiglitazone) suppress LPS-induced TGF-beta and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in PFMC.	Pioglitazone	48-60	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	115-124
28365473-1	2017	Pioglitazone is an FDA-approved PPAR-gamma agonist drug used to treat diabetes, and it has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in multiple models of central nervous system (CNS) injury.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	32-42
28420166-7	2017	Genetic silencing of TLR4 or PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone obviously abrogated the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-treated HMEC-1 cells.	Pioglitazone	48-60	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	29-39
29145540-9	2017	Three-month treatment with metformin and pioglitazone significantly improved insulin sensitivity and increased orexin concentrations by 26% (p = 0.025) and 14% (p = 0.076), respectively.	Pioglitazone	41-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
29145540-9	2017	Three-month treatment with metformin and pioglitazone significantly improved insulin sensitivity and increased orexin concentrations by 26% (p = 0.025) and 14% (p = 0.076), respectively.	Pioglitazone	41-53	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	111-117
29145540-10	2017	Between-group analysis showed that changes in orexin concentrations with metformin and pioglitazone were not significantly different (p = 0.742).	Pioglitazone	87-99	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	46-52
29145540-12	2017	Three-month anti-hyperglycemic treatment with proportionate doses of metformin or pioglitazone increased orexin concentrations via amelioration of insulin resistance and improvement of glycemic control.	Pioglitazone	82-94	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	105-111
29145540-12	2017	Three-month anti-hyperglycemic treatment with proportionate doses of metformin or pioglitazone increased orexin concentrations via amelioration of insulin resistance and improvement of glycemic control.	Pioglitazone	82-94	insulin	Homo sapiens	147-154
27530729-8	2017	Pioglitazone dose-dependently decreased Tnf, Il6, Ccl2, Ptgs2, and Socs3 expression in WAT, in association with upregulation of Lpl, Ap2, Slc2a4, and Adipoq expression, indicating improvement in endotoxin-induced IR.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	45-48
27530729-8	2017	Pioglitazone dose-dependently decreased Tnf, Il6, Ccl2, Ptgs2, and Socs3 expression in WAT, in association with upregulation of Lpl, Ap2, Slc2a4, and Adipoq expression, indicating improvement in endotoxin-induced IR.	Pioglitazone	0-12	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	50-54
27530729-8	2017	Pioglitazone dose-dependently decreased Tnf, Il6, Ccl2, Ptgs2, and Socs3 expression in WAT, in association with upregulation of Lpl, Ap2, Slc2a4, and Adipoq expression, indicating improvement in endotoxin-induced IR.	Pioglitazone	0-12	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	56-61
27530729-8	2017	Pioglitazone dose-dependently decreased Tnf, Il6, Ccl2, Ptgs2, and Socs3 expression in WAT, in association with upregulation of Lpl, Ap2, Slc2a4, and Adipoq expression, indicating improvement in endotoxin-induced IR.	Pioglitazone	0-12	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Mus musculus	67-72
27530729-8	2017	Pioglitazone dose-dependently decreased Tnf, Il6, Ccl2, Ptgs2, and Socs3 expression in WAT, in association with upregulation of Lpl, Ap2, Slc2a4, and Adipoq expression, indicating improvement in endotoxin-induced IR.	Pioglitazone	0-12	lipoprotein lipase	Mus musculus	128-131
27530729-8	2017	Pioglitazone dose-dependently decreased Tnf, Il6, Ccl2, Ptgs2, and Socs3 expression in WAT, in association with upregulation of Lpl, Ap2, Slc2a4, and Adipoq expression, indicating improvement in endotoxin-induced IR.	Pioglitazone	0-12	fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte	Mus musculus	133-136
27530729-8	2017	Pioglitazone dose-dependently decreased Tnf, Il6, Ccl2, Ptgs2, and Socs3 expression in WAT, in association with upregulation of Lpl, Ap2, Slc2a4, and Adipoq expression, indicating improvement in endotoxin-induced IR.	Pioglitazone	0-12	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	138-144
27530729-8	2017	Pioglitazone dose-dependently decreased Tnf, Il6, Ccl2, Ptgs2, and Socs3 expression in WAT, in association with upregulation of Lpl, Ap2, Slc2a4, and Adipoq expression, indicating improvement in endotoxin-induced IR.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	150-156
28521870-12	2017	The suggestion of this Expert Panel is that, pending forthcoming randomized clinical trials, physicians should consider using a PPARgamma agonist, such as pioglitazone, or, statin use in those with NAFLD/NASH at high CVD or HCC risk, alone and/or preferably in combination with each other or with ezetimibe, for the primary or secondary prevention of CVD, and the avoidance of cirrhosis, liver transplantation or HCC, bearing in mind that CVD is the main cause of death in NAFLD/NASH patients.	Pioglitazone	155-167	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	128-137
28246237-0	2017	Cardiac Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: Effects of Pioglitazone in Patients With Insulin Resistance Without Diabetes Mellitus.	Pioglitazone	80-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	110-117
28246237-2	2017	The IRIS trial (Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke) demonstrated that pioglitazone decreased the composite risk for fatal or nonfatal stroke and MI in patients with insulin resistance without diabetes mellitus, after a recent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.	Pioglitazone	80-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	16-23
28246237-2	2017	The IRIS trial (Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke) demonstrated that pioglitazone decreased the composite risk for fatal or nonfatal stroke and MI in patients with insulin resistance without diabetes mellitus, after a recent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.	Pioglitazone	80-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	175-182
28246237-14	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with insulin resistance without diabetes mellitus, pioglitazone reduced the risk for acute coronary syndromes after a recent cerebrovascular event.	Pioglitazone	79-91	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
28467929-6	2017	The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone reverses PAH and inhibits the TGFbeta1-Stat3-FoxO1 axis in TGFbeta1-overexpressing mice.	Pioglitazone	22-34	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	4-13
28467929-6	2017	The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone reverses PAH and inhibits the TGFbeta1-Stat3-FoxO1 axis in TGFbeta1-overexpressing mice.	Pioglitazone	22-34	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	65-73
28467929-6	2017	The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone reverses PAH and inhibits the TGFbeta1-Stat3-FoxO1 axis in TGFbeta1-overexpressing mice.	Pioglitazone	22-34	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	74-79
28467929-6	2017	The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone reverses PAH and inhibits the TGFbeta1-Stat3-FoxO1 axis in TGFbeta1-overexpressing mice.	Pioglitazone	22-34	forkhead box O1	Mus musculus	80-85
28467929-6	2017	The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone reverses PAH and inhibits the TGFbeta1-Stat3-FoxO1 axis in TGFbeta1-overexpressing mice.	Pioglitazone	22-34	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	94-102
28154092-2	2017	Herein we report that, in diagnostic chronic myeloid leukemia mononuclear cells and BCR-ABL1+ cell lines, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists (GW1929, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone) significantly decrease OCT-1 activity; conversely, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma antagonists (GW9662, T0070907) increase OCT-1 activity.	Pioglitazone	188-200	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	106-154
28154092-7	2017	Recently, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone was reported to act synergistically with imatinib, targeting the residual chronic myeloid leukemia stem cell pool.	Pioglitazone	71-83	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	14-62
27421062-5	2017	RESULTS: Pioglitazone suppressed hepatic COL1A1 gene expression by 43% and attenuated hepatic fibrosis areas by 49%.	Pioglitazone	9-21	collagen, type I, alpha 1	Mus musculus	41-47
27421062-6	2017	Pioglitazone also decreased plasma alanine aminotransferase levels, liver weight, hepatic triglyceride content, and hepatic expression of other fibrosis-related genes such as TGFB1, SPP1, TIMP1, and IL6.	Pioglitazone	0-12	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	175-180
27421062-6	2017	Pioglitazone also decreased plasma alanine aminotransferase levels, liver weight, hepatic triglyceride content, and hepatic expression of other fibrosis-related genes such as TGFB1, SPP1, TIMP1, and IL6.	Pioglitazone	0-12	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Mus musculus	182-186
27421062-6	2017	Pioglitazone also decreased plasma alanine aminotransferase levels, liver weight, hepatic triglyceride content, and hepatic expression of other fibrosis-related genes such as TGFB1, SPP1, TIMP1, and IL6.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1	Mus musculus	188-193
27421062-6	2017	Pioglitazone also decreased plasma alanine aminotransferase levels, liver weight, hepatic triglyceride content, and hepatic expression of other fibrosis-related genes such as TGFB1, SPP1, TIMP1, and IL6.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	199-202
28461337-1	2017	Increasing evidence suggests that mitoNEET, a target of the type II diabetes drug pioglitazone, is a key regulator of energy metabolism in mitochondria.	Pioglitazone	82-94	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	34-42
28461337-9	2017	Pioglitazone or its analog NL-1 appears to inhibit the electron transfer activity of mitoNEET by forming a unique complex with mitoNEET and FMNH2 The results suggest that mitoNEET is a redox enzyme that may promote oxidation of NADH to facilitate enhanced glycolysis in the cytosol and that pioglitazone may regulate energy metabolism in mitochondria by inhibiting the electron transfer activity of mitoNEET.	Pioglitazone	0-12	neuroligin 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
28461337-9	2017	Pioglitazone or its analog NL-1 appears to inhibit the electron transfer activity of mitoNEET by forming a unique complex with mitoNEET and FMNH2 The results suggest that mitoNEET is a redox enzyme that may promote oxidation of NADH to facilitate enhanced glycolysis in the cytosol and that pioglitazone may regulate energy metabolism in mitochondria by inhibiting the electron transfer activity of mitoNEET.	Pioglitazone	0-12	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	85-93
28461337-9	2017	Pioglitazone or its analog NL-1 appears to inhibit the electron transfer activity of mitoNEET by forming a unique complex with mitoNEET and FMNH2 The results suggest that mitoNEET is a redox enzyme that may promote oxidation of NADH to facilitate enhanced glycolysis in the cytosol and that pioglitazone may regulate energy metabolism in mitochondria by inhibiting the electron transfer activity of mitoNEET.	Pioglitazone	0-12	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	127-135
28461337-9	2017	Pioglitazone or its analog NL-1 appears to inhibit the electron transfer activity of mitoNEET by forming a unique complex with mitoNEET and FMNH2 The results suggest that mitoNEET is a redox enzyme that may promote oxidation of NADH to facilitate enhanced glycolysis in the cytosol and that pioglitazone may regulate energy metabolism in mitochondria by inhibiting the electron transfer activity of mitoNEET.	Pioglitazone	0-12	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	127-135
28461337-9	2017	Pioglitazone or its analog NL-1 appears to inhibit the electron transfer activity of mitoNEET by forming a unique complex with mitoNEET and FMNH2 The results suggest that mitoNEET is a redox enzyme that may promote oxidation of NADH to facilitate enhanced glycolysis in the cytosol and that pioglitazone may regulate energy metabolism in mitochondria by inhibiting the electron transfer activity of mitoNEET.	Pioglitazone	0-12	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	127-135
28461337-9	2017	Pioglitazone or its analog NL-1 appears to inhibit the electron transfer activity of mitoNEET by forming a unique complex with mitoNEET and FMNH2 The results suggest that mitoNEET is a redox enzyme that may promote oxidation of NADH to facilitate enhanced glycolysis in the cytosol and that pioglitazone may regulate energy metabolism in mitochondria by inhibiting the electron transfer activity of mitoNEET.	Pioglitazone	291-303	neuroligin 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
28461337-9	2017	Pioglitazone or its analog NL-1 appears to inhibit the electron transfer activity of mitoNEET by forming a unique complex with mitoNEET and FMNH2 The results suggest that mitoNEET is a redox enzyme that may promote oxidation of NADH to facilitate enhanced glycolysis in the cytosol and that pioglitazone may regulate energy metabolism in mitochondria by inhibiting the electron transfer activity of mitoNEET.	Pioglitazone	291-303	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	85-93
28461337-9	2017	Pioglitazone or its analog NL-1 appears to inhibit the electron transfer activity of mitoNEET by forming a unique complex with mitoNEET and FMNH2 The results suggest that mitoNEET is a redox enzyme that may promote oxidation of NADH to facilitate enhanced glycolysis in the cytosol and that pioglitazone may regulate energy metabolism in mitochondria by inhibiting the electron transfer activity of mitoNEET.	Pioglitazone	291-303	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	127-135
28461337-9	2017	Pioglitazone or its analog NL-1 appears to inhibit the electron transfer activity of mitoNEET by forming a unique complex with mitoNEET and FMNH2 The results suggest that mitoNEET is a redox enzyme that may promote oxidation of NADH to facilitate enhanced glycolysis in the cytosol and that pioglitazone may regulate energy metabolism in mitochondria by inhibiting the electron transfer activity of mitoNEET.	Pioglitazone	291-303	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	127-135
28461337-9	2017	Pioglitazone or its analog NL-1 appears to inhibit the electron transfer activity of mitoNEET by forming a unique complex with mitoNEET and FMNH2 The results suggest that mitoNEET is a redox enzyme that may promote oxidation of NADH to facilitate enhanced glycolysis in the cytosol and that pioglitazone may regulate energy metabolism in mitochondria by inhibiting the electron transfer activity of mitoNEET.	Pioglitazone	291-303	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	127-135
28286124-2	2017	This study aimed to evaluate the involvement of PPARgamma and NO pathway in the systemic and peripheral antinociceptive effect pioglitazone (Pio) using formalin test in rats.	Pioglitazone	127-139	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	48-57
28286124-24	2017	Our data suggest that local and systemic antinociceptive activity of pioglitazone is mediated partly through PPARgamma in collaboration with NO pathway.	Pioglitazone	69-81	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	109-118
28458023-0	2017	Pioglitazone improves the ability of learning and memory via activating ERK1/2 signaling pathway in the hippocampus of T2DM rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	72-78
28331986-8	2017	Interestingly, Cox regression analysis indicated that patients under detemir or glargine treatment had a higher probability of CKD progression as compared with the pioglitazone group, with hazard ratios of 2.63 (95% CI 1.79-3.88) and 3.13 (95% CI 2.01-4.87), respectively.	Pioglitazone	164-176	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	15-18
28526426-5	2017	Incubation with the other TZDs, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, let to a minor increase in p-AMPK Ser485 phosphorylation as well as AMPK activity; however these findings were significantly less than those of troglitazone under equal conditions.	Pioglitazone	50-62	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	93-97
28526426-5	2017	Incubation with the other TZDs, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, let to a minor increase in p-AMPK Ser485 phosphorylation as well as AMPK activity; however these findings were significantly less than those of troglitazone under equal conditions.	Pioglitazone	50-62	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	132-136
28342366-4	2017	Compound 1 showed a 7-times increase in the mRNA expression of PPARgamma, which in turn enhanced the expression levels of GLUT4 respect to control and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	151-163	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	63-72
28254448-2	2017	Therefore, in this population-based cohort study, we investigated the effects of pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist, on the risk of dementia.	Pioglitazone	81-93	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	97-107
28526834-5	2017	In addition, IRF6 silencing significantly promoted pioglitazone"s cytoprotective effects in ischemic murine cerebrovascular endothelial cells.	Pioglitazone	51-63	interferon regulatory factor 6	Mus musculus	13-17
28581362-6	2017	The aim of this review is to provide up-to-date information about the biochemical and metabolic actions of PPAR-beta/delta and PPAR-gamma, the therapeutic potential of their agonists currently under clinical development and the cardiovascular disease outcome of clinical trials of PPAR-gamma agonists, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone.	Pioglitazone	302-314	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	107-116
27895156-4	2017	PPAR-gamma agonists, like pioglitazone, appear antiproteinuric.	Pioglitazone	26-38	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
27895156-6	2017	Treatment with sildenafil, the cGMP derivative 8-bromoguanosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate sodium salt (8-Br-cGMP), or pioglitazone dose-dependently downregulated podocyte injury-induced TRPC6 expression in vitro Knockdown or application of antagonists of PKG or PPAR-gamma enhanced TRPC6 expression in podocytes and counteracted effects of sildenafil and 8-Br-cGMP.	Pioglitazone	119-131	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6	Rattus norvegicus	187-192
27895156-6	2017	Treatment with sildenafil, the cGMP derivative 8-bromoguanosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate sodium salt (8-Br-cGMP), or pioglitazone dose-dependently downregulated podocyte injury-induced TRPC6 expression in vitro Knockdown or application of antagonists of PKG or PPAR-gamma enhanced TRPC6 expression in podocytes and counteracted effects of sildenafil and 8-Br-cGMP.	Pioglitazone	119-131	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	263-273
27895156-6	2017	Treatment with sildenafil, the cGMP derivative 8-bromoguanosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate sodium salt (8-Br-cGMP), or pioglitazone dose-dependently downregulated podocyte injury-induced TRPC6 expression in vitro Knockdown or application of antagonists of PKG or PPAR-gamma enhanced TRPC6 expression in podocytes and counteracted effects of sildenafil and 8-Br-cGMP.	Pioglitazone	119-131	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6	Rattus norvegicus	283-288
27895156-9	2017	Sildenafil or pioglitazone treatment prevented proteinuria and the increased TRPC6 expression in rats with adriamycin-induced nephropathy and mice with hyperglycemia-induced renal injury.	Pioglitazone	14-26	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6	Rattus norvegicus	77-82
28447730-0	2017	Pioglitazone ameliorates Abeta42 deposition in rats with diet-induced insulin resistance associated with AKT/GSK3beta activation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
28447730-0	2017	Pioglitazone ameliorates Abeta42 deposition in rats with diet-induced insulin resistance associated with AKT/GSK3beta activation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	109-117
28447730-8	2017	Treatment with pioglitazone ameliorated Abeta42 deposition in the hippocampus by increasing IDE and PPARgamma expression.	Pioglitazone	15-27	insulin degrading enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
28447730-8	2017	Treatment with pioglitazone ameliorated Abeta42 deposition in the hippocampus by increasing IDE and PPARgamma expression.	Pioglitazone	15-27	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	100-109
28447730-9	2017	Notably, activation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3beta pathway was also demonstrated to serve a role in pioglitazone-induced Abeta42 degradation, which was abrogated by the PPARgamma antagonist GW9662.	Pioglitazone	94-106	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
28447730-9	2017	Notably, activation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3beta pathway was also demonstrated to serve a role in pioglitazone-induced Abeta42 degradation, which was abrogated by the PPARgamma antagonist GW9662.	Pioglitazone	94-106	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	36-44
28447730-9	2017	Notably, activation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3beta pathway was also demonstrated to serve a role in pioglitazone-induced Abeta42 degradation, which was abrogated by the PPARgamma antagonist GW9662.	Pioglitazone	94-106	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	163-172
28447730-10	2017	Results from the present study indicated that pioglitazone may improve insulin sensitivity and ameliorate Abeta42 accumulation in rats with diet-induced IR by regulating AKT/GSK3beta activation, suggesting that pioglitazone may be a promising drug for AD treatment.	Pioglitazone	46-58	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	170-173
28447730-10	2017	Results from the present study indicated that pioglitazone may improve insulin sensitivity and ameliorate Abeta42 accumulation in rats with diet-induced IR by regulating AKT/GSK3beta activation, suggesting that pioglitazone may be a promising drug for AD treatment.	Pioglitazone	46-58	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	174-182
28447730-10	2017	Results from the present study indicated that pioglitazone may improve insulin sensitivity and ameliorate Abeta42 accumulation in rats with diet-induced IR by regulating AKT/GSK3beta activation, suggesting that pioglitazone may be a promising drug for AD treatment.	Pioglitazone	211-223	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	170-173
28447730-10	2017	Results from the present study indicated that pioglitazone may improve insulin sensitivity and ameliorate Abeta42 accumulation in rats with diet-induced IR by regulating AKT/GSK3beta activation, suggesting that pioglitazone may be a promising drug for AD treatment.	Pioglitazone	211-223	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	174-182
28397719-0	2017	Toll-like Receptor 4 Signaling Pathway in the Protective Effect of Pioglitazone on Experimental Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy.	Pioglitazone	67-79	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-20
28397719-16	2017	Moreover, pioglitazone can inhibit the expression of TLR4 in IgAN.	Pioglitazone	10-22	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	53-57
28680569-5	2017	During the final 10 days of exposure, selected mice were treated with the PPARgamma ligand, pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	92-104	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	74-83
28219664-2	2017	Because insulin resistance is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD), this study was initiated to see if pioglitazone administration would improve insulin sensitivity and thereby decrease risk of CVD in overweight/obese, nondiabetic, insulin-resistant patients with untreated OSA.	Pioglitazone	123-135	insulin	Homo sapiens	8-15
28219664-2	2017	Because insulin resistance is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD), this study was initiated to see if pioglitazone administration would improve insulin sensitivity and thereby decrease risk of CVD in overweight/obese, nondiabetic, insulin-resistant patients with untreated OSA.	Pioglitazone	123-135	insulin	Homo sapiens	165-172
28219664-2	2017	Because insulin resistance is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD), this study was initiated to see if pioglitazone administration would improve insulin sensitivity and thereby decrease risk of CVD in overweight/obese, nondiabetic, insulin-resistant patients with untreated OSA.	Pioglitazone	123-135	insulin	Homo sapiens	165-172
28219664-4	2017	Insulin sensitivity increased 31% (p &lt;0.001) among pioglitazone-treated subjects, associated with a decrease in C-reactive protein concentration (p &lt;=0.001), a decrease in plasma triglyceride, and increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (p &lt;=0.001), accompanied by significant changes in apolipoprotein A1 and B concentrations and lipoprotein subclasses known to decrease CVD risk.	Pioglitazone	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
28219664-4	2017	Insulin sensitivity increased 31% (p &lt;0.001) among pioglitazone-treated subjects, associated with a decrease in C-reactive protein concentration (p &lt;=0.001), a decrease in plasma triglyceride, and increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (p &lt;=0.001), accompanied by significant changes in apolipoprotein A1 and B concentrations and lipoprotein subclasses known to decrease CVD risk.	Pioglitazone	54-66	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	115-133
28219664-4	2017	Insulin sensitivity increased 31% (p &lt;0.001) among pioglitazone-treated subjects, associated with a decrease in C-reactive protein concentration (p &lt;=0.001), a decrease in plasma triglyceride, and increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (p &lt;=0.001), accompanied by significant changes in apolipoprotein A1 and B concentrations and lipoprotein subclasses known to decrease CVD risk.	Pioglitazone	54-66	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	321-338
28325803-1	2017	Pioglitazone Prevents Diabetes in Patients With Insulin Resistance and Cerebrovascular Disease.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
28325804-1	2017	Pioglitazone Prevents Diabetes in Patients With Insulin Resistance and Cerebrovascular Disease.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
28099407-0	2017	Effects of functional CYP2C8,CYP2C9,CYP3A5,and ABCB1 genetic variants on the pharmacokinetics of insulin sensitizer pioglitazone in Chinese Han individuals.	Pioglitazone	116-128	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	47-52
28099407-0	2017	Effects of functional CYP2C8,CYP2C9,CYP3A5,and ABCB1 genetic variants on the pharmacokinetics of insulin sensitizer pioglitazone in Chinese Han individuals.	Pioglitazone	116-128	insulin	Homo sapiens	97-104
28099407-1	2017	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione antihyperglycemic drug with insulin-sensitizing properties.	Pioglitazone	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	91-98
28099407-2	2017	We investigated whether the variant genotypes of cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8), CYP2C9, CYP3A5 and transporter ABCB1 influence the pharmacokinetic phenotype of the substrate pioglitazone in Chinese individuals.	Pioglitazone	173-185	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	49-68
28099407-2	2017	We investigated whether the variant genotypes of cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8), CYP2C9, CYP3A5 and transporter ABCB1 influence the pharmacokinetic phenotype of the substrate pioglitazone in Chinese individuals.	Pioglitazone	173-185	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	70-76
28099407-2	2017	We investigated whether the variant genotypes of cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8), CYP2C9, CYP3A5 and transporter ABCB1 influence the pharmacokinetic phenotype of the substrate pioglitazone in Chinese individuals.	Pioglitazone	173-185	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9	Homo sapiens	79-85
28099407-2	2017	We investigated whether the variant genotypes of cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8), CYP2C9, CYP3A5 and transporter ABCB1 influence the pharmacokinetic phenotype of the substrate pioglitazone in Chinese individuals.	Pioglitazone	173-185	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	87-93
28099407-2	2017	We investigated whether the variant genotypes of cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8), CYP2C9, CYP3A5 and transporter ABCB1 influence the pharmacokinetic phenotype of the substrate pioglitazone in Chinese individuals.	Pioglitazone	173-185	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	110-115
28099407-7	2017	Unexpectedly, the pioglitazone AUC0-48 in CYP2C9*3 carriers was lower (50.8%), whereas the AUC0-48 ratios of metabolites M-III/pioglitazone and M-IV/pioglitazone increased to 134.3 and 155.8%, respectively, compared with the wild-type CYP2C9*1/*1 homozygous.	Pioglitazone	18-30	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9	Homo sapiens	42-48
28115365-6	2017	This effect was mediated by an increase in 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-Pgdh) activity, which oxidizes and inactivates Delta12-PGJ2 and 15d-PGJ2 In contrast, treatment with the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone mimicked selenium supplementation.	Pioglitazone	201-213	hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15 (NAD)	Mus musculus	43-73
28115365-6	2017	This effect was mediated by an increase in 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-Pgdh) activity, which oxidizes and inactivates Delta12-PGJ2 and 15d-PGJ2 In contrast, treatment with the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone mimicked selenium supplementation.	Pioglitazone	201-213	hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15 (NAD)	Mus musculus	75-82
28115365-6	2017	This effect was mediated by an increase in 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-Pgdh) activity, which oxidizes and inactivates Delta12-PGJ2 and 15d-PGJ2 In contrast, treatment with the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone mimicked selenium supplementation.	Pioglitazone	201-213	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	183-192
27935865-2	2017	Using a mouse model of lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), we performed transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) to profile bronchial airway gene expression and found activation of the PI3K and Myc signaling networks in cytologically normal bronchial airway epithelial cells of mice with preneopastic lung SCC lesions, which was reversed by treatment with the PI3K Inhibitor XL-147 and pioglitazone, respectively.	Pioglitazone	380-392	myelocytomatosis oncogene	Mus musculus	188-191
28340451-5	2017	Since enzalutamide is extensively metabolized by CYP2C8, its plasma levels are likely to be raised if coadministered with strong CYP2C8 inhibitors such as gemfibrozil or pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	170-182	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	49-55
28340451-5	2017	Since enzalutamide is extensively metabolized by CYP2C8, its plasma levels are likely to be raised if coadministered with strong CYP2C8 inhibitors such as gemfibrozil or pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	170-182	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	129-135
27599706-4	2017	METHODS: This study predicted the magnitude of the DDI between efavirenz, an inducer of CYP3A4 and inhibitor of CYP2C8, and dual CYP3A4/CYP2C8 substrates (repaglinide, montelukast, pioglitazone, paclitaxel) using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approach integrating concurrent effects on CYPs.	Pioglitazone	181-193	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	129-135
27599706-4	2017	METHODS: This study predicted the magnitude of the DDI between efavirenz, an inducer of CYP3A4 and inhibitor of CYP2C8, and dual CYP3A4/CYP2C8 substrates (repaglinide, montelukast, pioglitazone, paclitaxel) using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approach integrating concurrent effects on CYPs.	Pioglitazone	181-193	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	136-142
27914036-12	2017	We also found that pioglitazone, an agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-r, improved the insulin resistance in the PREB transgenic mice after a 10-day feeding period.	Pioglitazone	19-31	prolactin regulatory element binding	Mus musculus	137-141
27915399-1	2017	Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) full agonist and useful for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	18-66
27915399-1	2017	Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) full agonist and useful for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	68-77
27915399-7	2017	Pioglitazone suppressed expression of obesity-related adipokines such as tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in adipose tissue of TSOD mice, but this effect was attenuated by naringenin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1	Mus musculus	73-113
28150448-10	2017	Pioglitazone treatment enhanced ST2+ Tregs and Bregs in the VAT and spleen of HFD-fed mice (all P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 1 receptor-like 1	Mus musculus	32-35
28065845-7	2017	Low (nM) concentrations of pioglitazone (Pio) decreased transcription of TOMM40, APOE, and APOC1 genes, with the lowest mRNA levels for each gene observed at 1.5nM.	Pioglitazone	27-39	translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40	Homo sapiens	73-79
28065845-7	2017	Low (nM) concentrations of pioglitazone (Pio) decreased transcription of TOMM40, APOE, and APOC1 genes, with the lowest mRNA levels for each gene observed at 1.5nM.	Pioglitazone	27-39	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	81-85
28065845-7	2017	Low (nM) concentrations of pioglitazone (Pio) decreased transcription of TOMM40, APOE, and APOC1 genes, with the lowest mRNA levels for each gene observed at 1.5nM.	Pioglitazone	27-39	apolipoprotein C1	Homo sapiens	91-96
28065845-8	2017	Similar to the effect of PPARgamma knockdown, the strongest response to pioglitazone was also observed for APOE-mRNA, and rosiglitazone (Rosi), another PPARgamma agonist, produced results that were consistent with these.	Pioglitazone	72-84	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	107-111
28185715-8	2017	Multivariable analysis showed that the liver/spleen ratio was strongly correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentration in the pioglitazone group (F = 9.973; P &lt; 0.01) and abdominal visceral fat volume in the metformin group (F = 6.049; P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	144-156	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	104-122
27339263-0	2017	Proteomic differences in brain vessels of Alzheimer"s disease mice: Normalization by PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	103-115	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	85-94
27339263-3	2017	We have previously demonstrated that pioglitazone potently reverses cerebrovascular impairments in a mouse model of Alzheimer"s disease overexpressing amyloid-beta.	Pioglitazone	37-49	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	151-163
28150448-11	2017	Pioglitazone treatment increased IL-10 in the livers or VAT of HFD-fed mice (all P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	33-38
28150448-12	2017	The expression of IL-10 in the liver was significantly negatively correlated with liver weight or serum total cholesterol in pioglitazone-treated HFD-fed mice (r2  = 0.74, P &lt; 0.05; r2  = 0.58, P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	125-137	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	18-23
28008156-2	2017	A PPARG ligand, pioglitazone, is highly therapeutic in mice with PPFP thyroid cancer.	Pioglitazone	16-28	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	2-7
27993834-1	2017	Pioglitazone is a PPARgamma agonist commonly prescribed for the clinical treatment of diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	18-27
28077319-3	2017	AIMS: The present study performed in rats instilled with bleomycin investigated a) the expressions of the insulin growth factor (IGF-1) and insulin growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP-5) and transforming growth factor (TGF-beta1) in the type II AECs, b) the role of type II AECs in EMT and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and, c) the effect of pioglitazone on all the above parameters.	Pioglitazone	352-364	insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5	Rattus norvegicus	140-179
28077319-3	2017	AIMS: The present study performed in rats instilled with bleomycin investigated a) the expressions of the insulin growth factor (IGF-1) and insulin growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP-5) and transforming growth factor (TGF-beta1) in the type II AECs, b) the role of type II AECs in EMT and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and, c) the effect of pioglitazone on all the above parameters.	Pioglitazone	352-364	insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5	Rattus norvegicus	181-188
28077319-3	2017	AIMS: The present study performed in rats instilled with bleomycin investigated a) the expressions of the insulin growth factor (IGF-1) and insulin growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP-5) and transforming growth factor (TGF-beta1) in the type II AECs, b) the role of type II AECs in EMT and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and, c) the effect of pioglitazone on all the above parameters.	Pioglitazone	352-364	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	222-231
28077319-9	2017	In Group III, with pioglitazone, there was a reversal with significant up-regulation in IGFBP-5 and IGF-1 expressions and down-regulation of TGF-beta1 in the type II AECs along with a significant decrease in the solid area fraction, EMT and ECM in the lung tissue.	Pioglitazone	19-31	insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5	Rattus norvegicus	88-95
28077319-9	2017	In Group III, with pioglitazone, there was a reversal with significant up-regulation in IGFBP-5 and IGF-1 expressions and down-regulation of TGF-beta1 in the type II AECs along with a significant decrease in the solid area fraction, EMT and ECM in the lung tissue.	Pioglitazone	19-31	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-105
28077319-9	2017	In Group III, with pioglitazone, there was a reversal with significant up-regulation in IGFBP-5 and IGF-1 expressions and down-regulation of TGF-beta1 in the type II AECs along with a significant decrease in the solid area fraction, EMT and ECM in the lung tissue.	Pioglitazone	19-31	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	141-150
28077319-10	2017	CONCLUSIONS: IGFBP-5, IGF-1 and TGF-beta1 in the type II AECs play a key role in lung injury caused by bleomycin and pioglitazone attenuates the lung injury/fibrosis by restoring IGFBP-5 and IGF-1 and decreasing TGF-beta1 expressions in the type II AECs.	Pioglitazone	117-129	insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5	Rattus norvegicus	13-20
28077319-10	2017	CONCLUSIONS: IGFBP-5, IGF-1 and TGF-beta1 in the type II AECs play a key role in lung injury caused by bleomycin and pioglitazone attenuates the lung injury/fibrosis by restoring IGFBP-5 and IGF-1 and decreasing TGF-beta1 expressions in the type II AECs.	Pioglitazone	117-129	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-27
28077319-10	2017	CONCLUSIONS: IGFBP-5, IGF-1 and TGF-beta1 in the type II AECs play a key role in lung injury caused by bleomycin and pioglitazone attenuates the lung injury/fibrosis by restoring IGFBP-5 and IGF-1 and decreasing TGF-beta1 expressions in the type II AECs.	Pioglitazone	117-129	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-41
28077319-10	2017	CONCLUSIONS: IGFBP-5, IGF-1 and TGF-beta1 in the type II AECs play a key role in lung injury caused by bleomycin and pioglitazone attenuates the lung injury/fibrosis by restoring IGFBP-5 and IGF-1 and decreasing TGF-beta1 expressions in the type II AECs.	Pioglitazone	117-129	insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5	Rattus norvegicus	179-186
28077319-10	2017	CONCLUSIONS: IGFBP-5, IGF-1 and TGF-beta1 in the type II AECs play a key role in lung injury caused by bleomycin and pioglitazone attenuates the lung injury/fibrosis by restoring IGFBP-5 and IGF-1 and decreasing TGF-beta1 expressions in the type II AECs.	Pioglitazone	117-129	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	191-196
28077319-10	2017	CONCLUSIONS: IGFBP-5, IGF-1 and TGF-beta1 in the type II AECs play a key role in lung injury caused by bleomycin and pioglitazone attenuates the lung injury/fibrosis by restoring IGFBP-5 and IGF-1 and decreasing TGF-beta1 expressions in the type II AECs.	Pioglitazone	117-129	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	212-221
27940378-7	2017	As expected, the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone attenuated the surgery-induced inflammatory changes and rescued the associated cognitive impairment.	Pioglitazone	35-47	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	17-26
27940378-9	2017	Taken together, our results provide evidence that down-regulation of PPARgamma may be involved in neuroinflammation and subsequent POCD, and suggest that activation of PPARgamma by pioglitazone may represent a new way to prevent or treat POCD.	Pioglitazone	181-193	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	69-78
27940378-9	2017	Taken together, our results provide evidence that down-regulation of PPARgamma may be involved in neuroinflammation and subsequent POCD, and suggest that activation of PPARgamma by pioglitazone may represent a new way to prevent or treat POCD.	Pioglitazone	181-193	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	168-177
27133446-0	2017	Pioglitazone inhibits growth of human retinoblastoma cells via regulation of NF-kappaB inflammation signals.	Pioglitazone	0-12	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	77-86
27133446-1	2017	OBJECTIVES: We aimed to study the antitumor effects of the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone on human retinoblastoma.	Pioglitazone	77-89	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	59-68
27133446-5	2017	The effect of pioglitazone on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB)-dependent reporter gene transcription induced by LPS was analyzed by NF-kappaB-luciferase assay.	Pioglitazone	14-26	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	30-52
27133446-5	2017	The effect of pioglitazone on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB)-dependent reporter gene transcription induced by LPS was analyzed by NF-kappaB-luciferase assay.	Pioglitazone	14-26	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	54-63
27133446-5	2017	The effect of pioglitazone on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB)-dependent reporter gene transcription induced by LPS was analyzed by NF-kappaB-luciferase assay.	Pioglitazone	14-26	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	134-143
27133446-8	2017	Molecular biology analysis found that pioglitazone could affect the apoptosis and inflammation related signal via modulating the activity of NF-kappaB signal.	Pioglitazone	38-50	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	141-150
27133446-10	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that pioglitazone demonstrated antitumor activity against the human retinoblastoma Y79 cells by inhibiting cell growth, inducing apoptosis and modulating NF-kappaB pathway, and thus delayed tumor growth in vivo.	Pioglitazone	40-52	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	189-198
27889855-6	2017	In this study, we observed that EGCG attenuated Abeta generation in N2a/APP695 cells, such as the PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, by suppressing the transcription and translation of BACE1 and that its effect was attenuated by the PPARgamma inhibitor, GW9662.	Pioglitazone	117-129	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	98-107
27973471-0	2017	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone reduces the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in a neonatal preterm rat model.	Pioglitazone	57-69	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	0-48
27973471-2	2017	We hypothesized that the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (PIO) might be effective in preventing the development of NEC and/or reducing its severity.	Pioglitazone	43-55	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	25-34
27973471-2	2017	We hypothesized that the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (PIO) might be effective in preventing the development of NEC and/or reducing its severity.	Pioglitazone	57-60	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	25-34
27999139-8	2017	Use of pioglitazone in stroke patients with insulin resistance, prediabetes, and diabetes mellitus was associated with lower risk of recurrent stroke (hazard ratio 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.50-0.92; P=0.01) and future major vascular events (hazard ratio 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.64-0.87; P=0.0001).	Pioglitazone	7-19	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
27999139-11	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone reduces recurrent stroke and major vascular events in ischemic stroke patients with insulin resistance, prediabetes, and diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	110-117
27890613-6	2017	In both cell types, PPARgamma ligands (15d-PGJ2, troglitazone and pioglitazone) reduced ABCA1 expression and ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux to apoAI, with most by troglitazone.	Pioglitazone	66-78	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	20-29
27890613-6	2017	In both cell types, PPARgamma ligands (15d-PGJ2, troglitazone and pioglitazone) reduced ABCA1 expression and ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux to apoAI, with most by troglitazone.	Pioglitazone	66-78	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 1	Mus musculus	88-93
27890613-6	2017	In both cell types, PPARgamma ligands (15d-PGJ2, troglitazone and pioglitazone) reduced ABCA1 expression and ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux to apoAI, with most by troglitazone.	Pioglitazone	66-78	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 1	Mus musculus	109-114
27142118-2	2017	Recently, the peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone has been demonstrated to be neuroprotective in animal models of neurodegeneration.	Pioglitazone	84-96	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	14-63
27142118-2	2017	Recently, the peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone has been demonstrated to be neuroprotective in animal models of neurodegeneration.	Pioglitazone	84-96	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	65-74
27930978-14	2017	CONCLUSIONS: The activation of PPAR-gamma receptors by pioglitazone results in reduced formation of the proinflammatory cytokines and infiltration by inflammatory cells.	Pioglitazone	55-67	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	31-41
28057658-0	2017	Pioglitazone and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
28057658-1	2017	OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of pioglitazone in people with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	38-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
28057658-6	2017	Pioglitazone therapy was associated with a lower risk of MACE in patients with pre-diabetes or insulin resistance (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.93), and diabetes (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.97).	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
28057658-8	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone was associated with reduced risk of MACE in people with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	82-89
28458349-9	2017	CLP significantly enhanced Arg1, IL-10 and iNOS mRNA expressions as compared with the sham group, and pioglitazone significantly increased the mRNA level of CD163 and F4/80 in CLP mice.	Pioglitazone	102-114	CD163 antigen	Mus musculus	157-162
28458349-9	2017	CLP significantly enhanced Arg1, IL-10 and iNOS mRNA expressions as compared with the sham group, and pioglitazone significantly increased the mRNA level of CD163 and F4/80 in CLP mice.	Pioglitazone	102-114	adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1	Mus musculus	167-172
28458349-10	2017	Expression of IL-6 and MCP-1 stimulated by CLP was reduced by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	62-74	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	14-18
28458349-10	2017	Expression of IL-6 and MCP-1 stimulated by CLP was reduced by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	62-74	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	23-28
28458349-11	2017	Increased CD11b/c- and CD163-positive cells as well as apoptotic cells were observed in the CLP group and the pioglitazone-treated group.	Pioglitazone	110-122	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	10-15
28458349-11	2017	Increased CD11b/c- and CD163-positive cells as well as apoptotic cells were observed in the CLP group and the pioglitazone-treated group.	Pioglitazone	110-122	CD163 molecule	Homo sapiens	23-28
28683454-8	2017	Moreover, we observed that LPS-upregulated TLR4 protein expressions were inhibited by PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone, and the downregulated PPARgamma expressions in response to LPS were partially restored by knockdown of TLR4.	Pioglitazone	104-116	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	43-47
28683454-8	2017	Moreover, we observed that LPS-upregulated TLR4 protein expressions were inhibited by PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone, and the downregulated PPARgamma expressions in response to LPS were partially restored by knockdown of TLR4.	Pioglitazone	104-116	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	86-95
28683454-8	2017	Moreover, we observed that LPS-upregulated TLR4 protein expressions were inhibited by PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone, and the downregulated PPARgamma expressions in response to LPS were partially restored by knockdown of TLR4.	Pioglitazone	104-116	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	221-225
27527983-10	2017	Finally, administering the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone increased PPARgamma2 expression by 2-fold (P&lt;0.01) and reduced seizures in Kv1.1KO mice by ~80% (P&lt;0.01).	Pioglitazone	45-57	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	27-36
27527983-10	2017	Finally, administering the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone increased PPARgamma2 expression by 2-fold (P&lt;0.01) and reduced seizures in Kv1.1KO mice by ~80% (P&lt;0.01).	Pioglitazone	45-57	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	68-78
27885860-4	2017	Pioglitazone (AD4833) is an insulin sensitizer of the thiazolidinedione class of nuclear Peroxisome-Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists.	Pioglitazone	14-20	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	139-148
27923678-1	2017	MitoNEET, a primary target of type II diabetes drug pioglitazone, has an essential role in regulating energy metabolism, iron homeostasis, and production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria.	Pioglitazone	52-64	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	0-8
28566590-10	2017	In the pioglitazone group, the changes in fasting insulin levels correlated significantly with increased bone resorption, independent of age and gender.	Pioglitazone	7-19	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
28340963-0	2017	Pioglitazone in patients with insulin resistance after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: A comment on the IRIS trial.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	30-37
28539704-7	2017	Treatment with pioglitazone showed a significant increase in BMI, HDL, and ADPN levels (p &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	15-27	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	75-79
27664035-0	2017	Pioglitazone induces cell growth arrest and activates mitochondrial apoptosis in human uterine leiomyosarcoma cells by a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-independent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	121-169
27664035-1	2017	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists, thiazolidinediones, including pioglitazone (PIO) exhibit anti-tumour activities in cancer cells.	Pioglitazone	105-117	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-52
27664035-1	2017	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists, thiazolidinediones, including pioglitazone (PIO) exhibit anti-tumour activities in cancer cells.	Pioglitazone	105-117	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	54-63
27664035-1	2017	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists, thiazolidinediones, including pioglitazone (PIO) exhibit anti-tumour activities in cancer cells.	Pioglitazone	119-122	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-52
27664035-1	2017	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists, thiazolidinediones, including pioglitazone (PIO) exhibit anti-tumour activities in cancer cells.	Pioglitazone	119-122	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	54-63
28606576-9	2017	The insulin sensitizers, metformin and pioglitazone, improved insulin resistance and the concentration of circulating GLP-1, increased the relative number of intestinal L cells to a certain degree.	Pioglitazone	39-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
28606576-9	2017	The insulin sensitizers, metformin and pioglitazone, improved insulin resistance and the concentration of circulating GLP-1, increased the relative number of intestinal L cells to a certain degree.	Pioglitazone	39-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	62-69
28606576-9	2017	The insulin sensitizers, metformin and pioglitazone, improved insulin resistance and the concentration of circulating GLP-1, increased the relative number of intestinal L cells to a certain degree.	Pioglitazone	39-51	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	118-123
28356907-3	2017	In addition, oral treatment of pioglitazone increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator of 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) and increased the number of mitochondria, along with an observed improvement in mitochondrial ultrastructure.	Pioglitazone	31-43	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	144-154
27792919-0	2016	PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone regulates dendritic cells immunogenicity mediated by DC-SIGN via the MAPK and NF-kappaB pathways.	Pioglitazone	19-31	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-10
27792919-0	2016	PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone regulates dendritic cells immunogenicity mediated by DC-SIGN via the MAPK and NF-kappaB pathways.	Pioglitazone	19-31	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	85-92
27792919-3	2016	Here, we show that the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone decreased DC adhesion and transmigration, and DC stimulation of T cell proliferation mediated by DC-SIGN dependent on activation of PPAR-gamma, although it increased DC endocytosis independent of PPAR-gamma activation.	Pioglitazone	42-54	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	23-33
27792919-3	2016	Here, we show that the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone decreased DC adhesion and transmigration, and DC stimulation of T cell proliferation mediated by DC-SIGN dependent on activation of PPAR-gamma, although it increased DC endocytosis independent of PPAR-gamma activation.	Pioglitazone	42-54	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	152-159
27792919-3	2016	Here, we show that the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone decreased DC adhesion and transmigration, and DC stimulation of T cell proliferation mediated by DC-SIGN dependent on activation of PPAR-gamma, although it increased DC endocytosis independent of PPAR-gamma activation.	Pioglitazone	42-54	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	187-197
27792919-3	2016	Here, we show that the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone decreased DC adhesion and transmigration, and DC stimulation of T cell proliferation mediated by DC-SIGN dependent on activation of PPAR-gamma, although it increased DC endocytosis independent of PPAR-gamma activation.	Pioglitazone	42-54	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	187-197
27792919-4	2016	Furthermore, PPAR-gamma activation by pioglitazone in DCs down-regulated the expression of DC-SIGN, which was mediated by modulating the balance of the signaling pathways of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and NF-kappaB, but not p38 MAPK.	Pioglitazone	38-50	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	13-23
27792919-4	2016	Furthermore, PPAR-gamma activation by pioglitazone in DCs down-regulated the expression of DC-SIGN, which was mediated by modulating the balance of the signaling pathways of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and NF-kappaB, but not p38 MAPK.	Pioglitazone	38-50	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	91-98
28331909-6	2016	RESULTS: Metformin and pioglitazone and combination therapy induced favorable changes in fasting serum insulin, HOMA-IR index, QUICKI, fasting glucose to insulin ratio in women with PCOS.	Pioglitazone	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	103-110
28331909-6	2016	RESULTS: Metformin and pioglitazone and combination therapy induced favorable changes in fasting serum insulin, HOMA-IR index, QUICKI, fasting glucose to insulin ratio in women with PCOS.	Pioglitazone	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	154-161
27825360-9	2016	Application of either a PPARgamma agonist (pioglitazone) or antagonist (T0070907) influenced Twist 1 expression, with up-regulation of Twist 1 under pioglitazone (1 muM, 24 h) and down-regulation of Twist 1 under T0070907 (100 muM, 24 h) exposure.	Pioglitazone	43-55	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	24-33
27825360-9	2016	Application of either a PPARgamma agonist (pioglitazone) or antagonist (T0070907) influenced Twist 1 expression, with up-regulation of Twist 1 under pioglitazone (1 muM, 24 h) and down-regulation of Twist 1 under T0070907 (100 muM, 24 h) exposure.	Pioglitazone	43-55	twist family bHLH transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	93-100
27825360-9	2016	Application of either a PPARgamma agonist (pioglitazone) or antagonist (T0070907) influenced Twist 1 expression, with up-regulation of Twist 1 under pioglitazone (1 muM, 24 h) and down-regulation of Twist 1 under T0070907 (100 muM, 24 h) exposure.	Pioglitazone	43-55	twist family bHLH transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	135-142
27825360-9	2016	Application of either a PPARgamma agonist (pioglitazone) or antagonist (T0070907) influenced Twist 1 expression, with up-regulation of Twist 1 under pioglitazone (1 muM, 24 h) and down-regulation of Twist 1 under T0070907 (100 muM, 24 h) exposure.	Pioglitazone	43-55	twist family bHLH transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	135-142
27825360-9	2016	Application of either a PPARgamma agonist (pioglitazone) or antagonist (T0070907) influenced Twist 1 expression, with up-regulation of Twist 1 under pioglitazone (1 muM, 24 h) and down-regulation of Twist 1 under T0070907 (100 muM, 24 h) exposure.	Pioglitazone	149-161	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	24-33
27825360-9	2016	Application of either a PPARgamma agonist (pioglitazone) or antagonist (T0070907) influenced Twist 1 expression, with up-regulation of Twist 1 under pioglitazone (1 muM, 24 h) and down-regulation of Twist 1 under T0070907 (100 muM, 24 h) exposure.	Pioglitazone	149-161	twist family bHLH transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	135-142
27825360-9	2016	Application of either a PPARgamma agonist (pioglitazone) or antagonist (T0070907) influenced Twist 1 expression, with up-regulation of Twist 1 under pioglitazone (1 muM, 24 h) and down-regulation of Twist 1 under T0070907 (100 muM, 24 h) exposure.	Pioglitazone	149-161	twist family bHLH transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	135-142
27118251-4	2016	Notably, cellular steroidogenesis models have facilitated the understanding of the mechanistic effects of pharmacotherapies, including insulin sensitizers (e.g., pioglitazone and metformin) used for the treatment of insulin resistance in PCOS, on androgen production.	Pioglitazone	162-174	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
27118251-4	2016	Notably, cellular steroidogenesis models have facilitated the understanding of the mechanistic effects of pharmacotherapies, including insulin sensitizers (e.g., pioglitazone and metformin) used for the treatment of insulin resistance in PCOS, on androgen production.	Pioglitazone	162-174	insulin	Homo sapiens	216-223
27885860-4	2017	Pioglitazone (AD4833) is an insulin sensitizer of the thiazolidinedione class of nuclear Peroxisome-Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	89-137
27885860-4	2017	Pioglitazone (AD4833) is an insulin sensitizer of the thiazolidinedione class of nuclear Peroxisome-Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	139-148
27885860-4	2017	Pioglitazone (AD4833) is an insulin sensitizer of the thiazolidinedione class of nuclear Peroxisome-Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists.	Pioglitazone	14-20	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	89-137
27714428-2	2017	We recently demonstrated that activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) by pioglitazone reduces the motivation for heroin and attenuates its rewarding properties.	Pioglitazone	108-120	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	44-92
27714428-2	2017	We recently demonstrated that activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) by pioglitazone reduces the motivation for heroin and attenuates its rewarding properties.	Pioglitazone	108-120	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	94-103
27714428-9	2017	RESULTS: Data show that chronic and acute administration of pioglitazone attenuates morphine withdrawal symptoms, and these effects are mediated by activation of PPARgamma receptors.	Pioglitazone	60-72	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	162-171
27714428-10	2017	Activation of PPARgamma by pioglitazone also abolishes yohimbine-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking and reduces heroin-induced reinstatement, while it does not affect cue-induced relapse.	Pioglitazone	27-39	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	14-23
29203734-0	2017	Effect of pioglitazone on insulin resistance, progression of atherosclerosis and clinical course of coronary heart disease.	Pioglitazone	10-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	26-33
29203734-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: Pioglitazone, a medication of thiazolidinedione group, is capable of triggering the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR-gamma).	Pioglitazone	14-26	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	143-153
29203734-3	2017	THE AIM: Our aim was to study the effect of pioglitazone on insulin resistance, the clinical course of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD).	Pioglitazone	44-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	60-67
29203734-9	2017	CONCLUSION: Long-term treatment with pioglitazone at low doses against the background of standard therapy contributes to functional and clinical condition of patients, promotes the prevention of atherosclerosis and reduction of insulin resistance, thereby improving the clinical manifestations of coronary heart disease.	Pioglitazone	37-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	228-235
29067321-6	2017	DISCUSSION: Combination therapy with leptin and pioglitazone ameliorates pathologic changes in APP/PS1 mice and may represent a potential treatment approach for AD.	Pioglitazone	48-60	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	95-102
27997588-12	2016	The levels of the bone formation marker, osteocalcin, decreased and that of the bone resorption marker, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) 5b increased in the pioglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	167-179	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Rattus norvegicus	41-52
27997588-12	2016	The levels of the bone formation marker, osteocalcin, decreased and that of the bone resorption marker, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) 5b increased in the pioglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	167-179	acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant	Rattus norvegicus	104-139
27997588-12	2016	The levels of the bone formation marker, osteocalcin, decreased and that of the bone resorption marker, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) 5b increased in the pioglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	167-179	acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant	Rattus norvegicus	141-145
28031713-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Pioglitazone, a selective agonist of the nuclear transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), prescribed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, could have antidepressant properties.	Pioglitazone	12-24	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	82-130
28031713-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Pioglitazone, a selective agonist of the nuclear transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), prescribed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, could have antidepressant properties.	Pioglitazone	12-24	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	132-142
28031713-12	2017	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone, either alone or as add-on therapy to conventional treatments, could induce remission of MDE, suggesting that drugs with PPAR-gamma agonist properties may be true and clinically relevant antidepressants, even in patients without metabolic comorbidities.	Pioglitazone	12-24	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	146-156
27810934-2	2016	PPARgamma is activated by thiazolidinediones such as pioglitazone and is targeted to treat insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	53-65	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-9
27810934-5	2016	The results show that stimulation of PPARgamma by pioglitazone did not affect basal anxiety, but fully prevented the anxiogenic effect of acute stress.	Pioglitazone	50-62	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	37-46
27810934-14	2016	PPARgamma agonists such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are in clinical use for the treatment of insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	45-57	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-9
27973395-0	2016	Pioglitazone, a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma Agonist, Suppresses Rat Prostate Carcinogenesis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	16-64
27973395-1	2016	Pioglitazone (PGZ), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, which is known as a type 2 diabetes drug, inhibits cell proliferation in various cancer cell lines, including prostate carcinomas.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	22-70
27973395-1	2016	Pioglitazone (PGZ), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, which is known as a type 2 diabetes drug, inhibits cell proliferation in various cancer cell lines, including prostate carcinomas.	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	22-70
27973395-6	2016	Decreased cyclin D1 expression in addition to the inactivation of both p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)kappaB were detected in PGZ-treated TRAP rat groups.	Pioglitazone	162-165	cyclin D1	Rattus norvegicus	10-19
27973395-6	2016	Decreased cyclin D1 expression in addition to the inactivation of both p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)kappaB were detected in PGZ-treated TRAP rat groups.	Pioglitazone	162-165	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	71-107
27973395-7	2016	In LNCaP, a human androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line, PGZ also inhibited cyclin D1 expression and the activation of both p38 MAPK and NFkappaB.	Pioglitazone	64-67	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	83-92
27973395-7	2016	In LNCaP, a human androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line, PGZ also inhibited cyclin D1 expression and the activation of both p38 MAPK and NFkappaB.	Pioglitazone	64-67	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	144-152
27585671-8	2016	Pioglitazone more effectively increased adiponectin in older versus younger subjects (22.9 +- 3.2 mug/mL [2.7-fold] vs. 12.7 +- 1.4 mug/mL [2.2-fold], respectively; p = 0.04).	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	40-51
27663184-9	2016	Moreover, PNLIP expression was up-regulated by PPARgamma agonists (pioglitazone and 15dPGJ2) and significantly down-regulated by PPARgamma antagonists in non-transfected rat exocrine pancreas AR42J cell line cells.	Pioglitazone	67-79	pancreatic lipase	Rattus norvegicus	10-15
27914514-8	2016	These findings suggest that fish oil and/or pioglitazone prevents beta-cell dysfunction by improving the insulin resistance and decreasing the ER stress.	Pioglitazone	44-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	105-112
27614128-0	2016	Pioglitazone inhibits EGFR/MDM2 signaling-mediated PPARgamma degradation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	22-26
27614128-0	2016	Pioglitazone inhibits EGFR/MDM2 signaling-mediated PPARgamma degradation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	MDM2 proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	27-31
27614128-0	2016	Pioglitazone inhibits EGFR/MDM2 signaling-mediated PPARgamma degradation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	51-60
27614128-3	2016	Here we found that cancer cells in response to EGF reduced PPARgamma protein levels by inducing its phosphorylation, ubiquitination and degradation, but PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone reversed this event.	Pioglitazone	171-183	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	59-68
27614128-3	2016	Here we found that cancer cells in response to EGF reduced PPARgamma protein levels by inducing its phosphorylation, ubiquitination and degradation, but PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone reversed this event.	Pioglitazone	171-183	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	153-162
27614128-5	2016	Therefore, our study revealed a novel mechanism that pioglitazone inhibited EGFR/MDM2-mediated cancer cell chemoresistance, which provides a novel strategy for cancer treatment.	Pioglitazone	53-65	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	76-80
28356907-8	2017	The results from this study confirm that pioglitazone/2,4-thiazolidinedione is able to activate PGC-1alpha and prevent damage of dopaminergic neurons and restore mitochondria ultrastructure through the regulation of mitochondria function.	Pioglitazone	41-53	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	96-106
27620069-3	2016	Although Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are outstanding insulin sensitizers and are in clinical use since 1990s, however, their serious side effects such as heart attack and bladder cancer have limited their utilization.	Pioglitazone	61-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	90-97
27687671-3	2016	The anti-diabetic drug pioglitazone and rosiglitazone were the first identified ligands to mitoNEET.	Pioglitazone	23-35	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	91-99
26582466-7	2016	Intriguingly, T4, like pioglitazone (a PPARgamma agonist), suppressed the BACE1 activity in N2a-APP695 cells, which was attenuated by GW9662 (a PPARgamma antagonist).	Pioglitazone	23-35	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	39-48
26582466-7	2016	Intriguingly, T4, like pioglitazone (a PPARgamma agonist), suppressed the BACE1 activity in N2a-APP695 cells, which was attenuated by GW9662 (a PPARgamma antagonist).	Pioglitazone	23-35	beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1	Mus musculus	74-79
27613867-5	2016	Pioglitazone-treated mice showed identical weight gain, body fat distribution, and insulin sensitivity compared with controls.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
27613867-9	2016	The effect of pioglitazone appears to be a direct action on beta cells, as islets from mice treated with pioglitazone showed reductions in PPAR-gamma (Ser-273) phosphorylation.	Pioglitazone	14-26	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	139-149
27765950-7	2016	Furthermore, we showed that pioglitazone-pretreated ASCs increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production both in vitro and in mouse lungs in the smoke-induced emphysema model.	Pioglitazone	28-40	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	67-101
27613867-9	2016	The effect of pioglitazone appears to be a direct action on beta cells, as islets from mice treated with pioglitazone showed reductions in PPAR-gamma (Ser-273) phosphorylation.	Pioglitazone	105-117	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	139-149
27765950-7	2016	Furthermore, we showed that pioglitazone-pretreated ASCs increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production both in vitro and in mouse lungs in the smoke-induced emphysema model.	Pioglitazone	28-40	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	103-107
27777867-5	2016	Subsequently, molecular docking was carried out to determine the binding efficiency of curcumin as agonist of PPARgamma showed high affinity compared to pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	153-165	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	110-119
27703271-0	2016	Pioglitazone Ameliorates Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation in Cuff-Induced Neointimal Formation by Both Adiponectin-Dependent and -Independent Pathways.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	103-114
27703271-3	2016	Pioglitazone for 3 weeks reduced neointimal formation in the WT mice with upregulation of the plasma adiponectin levels, but failed to reduce neointimal formation in the APN-KO mice, suggesting that pioglitazone suppressed neointimal formation by adiponectin-dependent mechanisms.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	101-112
27703271-3	2016	Pioglitazone for 3 weeks reduced neointimal formation in the WT mice with upregulation of the plasma adiponectin levels, but failed to reduce neointimal formation in the APN-KO mice, suggesting that pioglitazone suppressed neointimal formation by adiponectin-dependent mechanisms.	Pioglitazone	199-211	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	247-258
27703271-4	2016	Pioglitazone for 3 weeks suppressed vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and increased AdipoR2 expression in the WT mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin receptor 2	Mus musculus	99-106
27703271-6	2016	Interestingly, 8-weeks" pioglitazone was reduced neointimal formation in APN-KO mice to degree similar to that seen in the WT mice, suggesting that pioglitazone can also suppress neointimal formation via a mechanism independent of adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	24-36	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	73-76
27703271-6	2016	Interestingly, 8-weeks" pioglitazone was reduced neointimal formation in APN-KO mice to degree similar to that seen in the WT mice, suggesting that pioglitazone can also suppress neointimal formation via a mechanism independent of adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	148-160	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	73-76
27703271-7	2016	Pioglitazone for 8 weeks completely abrogated the increased VSMC proliferation, along with a reduction of cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 expressions and cardiovascular risk profile in the APN-KO mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cyclin B1	Mus musculus	106-115
27703271-7	2016	Pioglitazone for 8 weeks completely abrogated the increased VSMC proliferation, along with a reduction of cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 expressions and cardiovascular risk profile in the APN-KO mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cyclin D1	Mus musculus	120-129
27703271-7	2016	Pioglitazone for 8 weeks completely abrogated the increased VSMC proliferation, along with a reduction of cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 expressions and cardiovascular risk profile in the APN-KO mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	181-184
27703271-9	2016	Pioglitazone suppresses neointimal formation via both adiponectin-dependent and adiponectin-independent mechanisms.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	54-65
27703271-9	2016	Pioglitazone suppresses neointimal formation via both adiponectin-dependent and adiponectin-independent mechanisms.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	80-91
27515513-7	2016	AGEs-induced degradation of IkappaBalpha and translocation of nuclear NF-kappaB p65 is reversed by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	99-111	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	70-79
27621439-6	2016	Furthermore, treating breast cancer cells with pioglitazone that stabilizes the 3Cys-1His cluster of NAF-1 results in a similar effect on mitochondrial iron and reactive oxygen species accumulation.	Pioglitazone	47-59	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2	Homo sapiens	101-106
27543203-3	2016	To test whether the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (PIO) is also effective in preventing tau aggregation in AD, we used a cellular model in which wild-type tau protein (4R0N) is overexpressed (M1C cells) (Hamano et al., 2012) as well as primary neuronal cultures.	Pioglitazone	38-50	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	20-29
27543203-3	2016	To test whether the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (PIO) is also effective in preventing tau aggregation in AD, we used a cellular model in which wild-type tau protein (4R0N) is overexpressed (M1C cells) (Hamano et al., 2012) as well as primary neuronal cultures.	Pioglitazone	52-55	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	20-29
27510639-6	2016	In contrast, stabilization of the iron sulfur cluster of CISD1 by pioglitazone inhibits mitochondrial iron uptake, lipid peroxidation, and subsequent ferroptosis.	Pioglitazone	66-78	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	57-62
27716270-0	2016	The antidepressant-like effects of pioglitazone in a chronic mild stress mouse model are associated with PPARgamma-mediated alteration of microglial activation phenotypes.	Pioglitazone	35-47	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	105-114
27716270-10	2016	RESULTS: It was demonstrated that the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (2.5 mg/kg) ameliorated depression-like behaviors in CMS-treated mice, as indicated by body weight (BW), the SP test, the FST, and the TST.	Pioglitazone	56-68	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	38-47
27515513-0	2016	Pioglitazone inhibits advanced glycation end product-induced matrix metalloproteinases and apoptosis by suppressing the activation of MAPK and NF-kappaB.	Pioglitazone	0-12	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	143-152
27515513-3	2016	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist has a protective effect on cartilage.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	16-64
27515513-3	2016	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist has a protective effect on cartilage.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	66-75
27515513-6	2016	Furthermore, AGEs activate phosphorylation of Erk, JNK, and p38, and pioglitazone reverses AGEs-induced phosphorylation of Erk and p38.	Pioglitazone	69-81	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	131-134
27515513-7	2016	AGEs-induced degradation of IkappaBalpha and translocation of nuclear NF-kappaB p65 is reversed by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	99-111	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	28-40
26754842-0	2016	MK886 inhibits the pioglitazone-induced anti-invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells is associated with PPARalpha/gamma, FGF4 and 5LOX.	Pioglitazone	19-31	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	93-102
26754842-0	2016	MK886 inhibits the pioglitazone-induced anti-invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells is associated with PPARalpha/gamma, FGF4 and 5LOX.	Pioglitazone	19-31	fibroblast growth factor 4	Homo sapiens	110-114
27465265-0	2016	Pioglitazone Prevents Diabetes in Patients With Insulin Resistance and Cerebrovascular Disease.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
27465265-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: The Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke (IRIS) trial recently found that pioglitazone reduced risk for stroke and myocardial infarction in patients with insulin resistance but without diabetes who had had a recent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).	Pioglitazone	93-105	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
27465265-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: The Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke (IRIS) trial recently found that pioglitazone reduced risk for stroke and myocardial infarction in patients with insulin resistance but without diabetes who had had a recent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).	Pioglitazone	93-105	insulin	Homo sapiens	173-180
27465265-9	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with insulin resistance but without diabetes who had had a recent ischemic stroke or TIA, pioglitazone decreased the risk of diabetes while also reducing the risk of subsequent ischemic events.	Pioglitazone	118-130	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
27457785-5	2016	In addition, the AUC of pioglitazone M4, a CYP2C8-mediated metabolite of pioglitazone, was reduced to 70% of the control by coadministration of clopidogrel.	Pioglitazone	24-36	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	43-49
27457785-5	2016	In addition, the AUC of pioglitazone M4, a CYP2C8-mediated metabolite of pioglitazone, was reduced to 70% of the control by coadministration of clopidogrel.	Pioglitazone	73-85	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	43-49
27504016-5	2016	To explore the clinical relevance of the in vitro data, an open-label, single-center study was conducted comprising 16 healthy male subjects who received a single 15-mg dose of the CYP2C8 substrate pioglitazone on day 1 and again 1 hour after the administration of abiraterone acetate 1000 mg on day 8.	Pioglitazone	198-210	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	181-187
27698768-2	2016	The present study aimed to examine the modulation of neuroimmune activation in the spinal cord by the synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, pioglitazone (Pio), in a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI).	Pioglitazone	183-195	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	112-160
27698768-2	2016	The present study aimed to examine the modulation of neuroimmune activation in the spinal cord by the synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, pioglitazone (Pio), in a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI).	Pioglitazone	183-195	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	162-172
27698768-2	2016	The present study aimed to examine the modulation of neuroimmune activation in the spinal cord by the synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, pioglitazone (Pio), in a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI).	Pioglitazone	197-200	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	112-160
27698768-2	2016	The present study aimed to examine the modulation of neuroimmune activation in the spinal cord by the synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, pioglitazone (Pio), in a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI).	Pioglitazone	197-200	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	162-172
27405860-2	2016	The international IRIS trial assessed whether pioglitazone, a glucose-lowering insulin-sensitizing drug, would reduce recurrent vascular events in patients with ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack.	Pioglitazone	46-58	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
27028341-0	2016	Pioglitazone Therapy Increases Insulin-Stimulated Release of d-Chiro-Inositol-Containing Inositolphosphoglycan Mediator in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-38
27028341-3	2016	Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity in women with PCOS, but it is unknown whether this may be contributed by enhanced insulin-stimulated release of the DCI-IPG second messenger.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
27028341-4	2016	The study aimed to determine if pioglitazone increases release of biologically active DCI-IPG per unit insulin released during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).	Pioglitazone	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	103-110
27028341-8	2016	RESULTS: After treatment with pioglitazone, AUCinsulin during the OGTT decreased and whole body insulin sensitivity, as determined by the Matsuda index, increased significantly only in the pioglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	30-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	47-54
27028341-11	2016	CONCLUSION: In women with PCOS, pioglitazone increased insulin-stimulated release of the DCI-IPG second messenger of insulin action, which may contribute to its insulin-sensitizing effect in these women.	Pioglitazone	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-62
27028341-11	2016	CONCLUSION: In women with PCOS, pioglitazone increased insulin-stimulated release of the DCI-IPG second messenger of insulin action, which may contribute to its insulin-sensitizing effect in these women.	Pioglitazone	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	117-124
27028341-11	2016	CONCLUSION: In women with PCOS, pioglitazone increased insulin-stimulated release of the DCI-IPG second messenger of insulin action, which may contribute to its insulin-sensitizing effect in these women.	Pioglitazone	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	117-124
27262216-9	2016	It may be concluded that ruthenium red, a ryanodine receptor antagonist and pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist may be considered as potent pharmacological agent for the management of PaD induced endothelial dysfunction and subsequent vascular dementia.	Pioglitazone	76-88	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
27515513-7	2016	AGEs-induced degradation of IkappaBalpha and translocation of nuclear NF-kappaB p65 is reversed by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	99-111	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	80-83
27515513-9	2016	In vivo experiments suggest that pioglitazone reverses AGEs-induced cartilage degeneration and apoptosis in a mouse model, as demonstrated by HE and Safranin O staining, immunohistochemical analyses of Type II collagen (Col II), metalloproteinases (MMPs) and caspase-3.	Pioglitazone	33-45	caspase 3	Mus musculus	259-268
27515513-10	2016	These findings suggest that pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, inhibits AGEs-induced chondrocytes apoptosis and degeneration via suppressing the activation of MAPK and NF-kappaB.	Pioglitazone	28-40	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	44-53
27515513-10	2016	These findings suggest that pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, inhibits AGEs-induced chondrocytes apoptosis and degeneration via suppressing the activation of MAPK and NF-kappaB.	Pioglitazone	28-40	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	168-177
27435678-2	2016	We previously generated a transgenic mouse model of PPFP thyroid carcinoma and showed that feeding the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone greatly decreased the size of the primary tumor and prevented metastatic disease in vivo The antitumor effect correlates with the fact that pioglitazone turns PPFP into a strongly PPARgamma-like molecule, resulting in trans-differentiation of the thyroid cancer cells into adipocyte-like cells that lose malignant character as they become more differentiated.	Pioglitazone	121-133	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	103-112
27435678-2	2016	We previously generated a transgenic mouse model of PPFP thyroid carcinoma and showed that feeding the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone greatly decreased the size of the primary tumor and prevented metastatic disease in vivo The antitumor effect correlates with the fact that pioglitazone turns PPFP into a strongly PPARgamma-like molecule, resulting in trans-differentiation of the thyroid cancer cells into adipocyte-like cells that lose malignant character as they become more differentiated.	Pioglitazone	121-133	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	314-323
27435678-2	2016	We previously generated a transgenic mouse model of PPFP thyroid carcinoma and showed that feeding the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone greatly decreased the size of the primary tumor and prevented metastatic disease in vivo The antitumor effect correlates with the fact that pioglitazone turns PPFP into a strongly PPARgamma-like molecule, resulting in trans-differentiation of the thyroid cancer cells into adipocyte-like cells that lose malignant character as they become more differentiated.	Pioglitazone	274-286	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	103-112
27435678-7	2016	Surprisingly, pioglitazone repressed TTF-1 expression in PPFP-expressing thyrocytes.	Pioglitazone	14-26	NK2 homeobox 1	Mus musculus	37-42
27435678-8	2016	Our data indicate that TTF-1 interacts with PPFP to inhibit the pro-adipogenic response to pioglitazone, and that the ability of pioglitazone to decrease TTF-1 expression contributes to its pro-adipogenic action.	Pioglitazone	91-103	NK2 homeobox 1	Mus musculus	23-28
27435678-8	2016	Our data indicate that TTF-1 interacts with PPFP to inhibit the pro-adipogenic response to pioglitazone, and that the ability of pioglitazone to decrease TTF-1 expression contributes to its pro-adipogenic action.	Pioglitazone	129-141	NK2 homeobox 1	Mus musculus	154-159
28191533-8	2016	RESULTS: The current studies demonstrate: 1) that low, pharmacologically relevant, doses of the PPARgamma agonists effectively inhibit cyst growth; 2) there is a class action of the drugs with both commercially available PPARgamma agonists, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone, inhibiting cyst growth; 3) the drugs showed efficacy in two different preclinical cystic models.	Pioglitazone	260-272	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	96-105
27376854-1	2016	This study aimed to assess the interaction between anti-inflammatory effects of pioglitazone (peroxysome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, PGL), and indomethacin (cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, IND) and to evaluate the possible underlying mechanisms.	Pioglitazone	80-92	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	94-142
27762511-16	2016	There was significant reduction in HbA1c with both pioglitazone and rosiglitazone but more with rosiglitazone.	Pioglitazone	51-63	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	35-39
28191533-8	2016	RESULTS: The current studies demonstrate: 1) that low, pharmacologically relevant, doses of the PPARgamma agonists effectively inhibit cyst growth; 2) there is a class action of the drugs with both commercially available PPARgamma agonists, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone, inhibiting cyst growth; 3) the drugs showed efficacy in two different preclinical cystic models.	Pioglitazone	260-272	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	221-230
27543421-10	2016	The antibiotic minocycline (50muM) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone (50muM) attenuated DEP-induced CGN death in the co-culture system.	Pioglitazone	100-112	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	43-91
27430581-0	2016	Pioglitazone affects the OPG/RANKL/RANK system and increase osteoclastogenesis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11b (osteoprotegerin)	Mus musculus	25-28
27430581-0	2016	Pioglitazone affects the OPG/RANKL/RANK system and increase osteoclastogenesis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	29-34
27430581-3	2016	The present study aimed to investigate the effect of pioglitazone (PIO), a thiazolidinedione, on osteoblastogenesis, osteoclastogenesis and the osteoprotegerin (OPG) / receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) / RANK system.	Pioglitazone	53-65	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	220-225
27324467-0	2016	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma Agonist, Upregulates the Expression of Caveolin-1 and Catalase, Essential for Thyroid Cell Homeostasis: A Clue to the Pathogenesis of Hashimoto"s Thyroiditis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	16-25
27324467-0	2016	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma Agonist, Upregulates the Expression of Caveolin-1 and Catalase, Essential for Thyroid Cell Homeostasis: A Clue to the Pathogenesis of Hashimoto"s Thyroiditis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	65-88
27324467-6	2016	In human thyrocytes in primary culture, Th1 cytokines decreased PPARgamma and catalase expression; pioglitazone increased Cav-1, TPO, and catalase expression.	Pioglitazone	99-111	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	122-127
27324467-6	2016	In human thyrocytes in primary culture, Th1 cytokines decreased PPARgamma and catalase expression; pioglitazone increased Cav-1, TPO, and catalase expression.	Pioglitazone	99-111	thyroid peroxidase	Homo sapiens	129-132
27324467-6	2016	In human thyrocytes in primary culture, Th1 cytokines decreased PPARgamma and catalase expression; pioglitazone increased Cav-1, TPO, and catalase expression.	Pioglitazone	99-111	catalase	Homo sapiens	138-146
27531132-0	2016	Randomized placebo control study of insulin sensitizers (Metformin and Pioglitazone) in psoriasis patients with metabolic syndrome (Topical Treatment Cohort).	Pioglitazone	71-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	36-43
27531132-3	2016	Study objective is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Insulin sensitizers (metformin and pioglitazone) in psoriasis patients with metabolic syndrome (MS).	Pioglitazone	93-105	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
27389824-3	2016	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferated-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, was previously reported to enhance cognition through its effect on Abeta accumulation and clearance.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	16-64
27389824-3	2016	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferated-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, was previously reported to enhance cognition through its effect on Abeta accumulation and clearance.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
27388984-0	2016	NASH: Pioglitazone safe and effective for treating T2DM in patients with NASH.	Pioglitazone	6-18	SAM domain, SH3 domain and nuclear localization signals 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
27388984-0	2016	NASH: Pioglitazone safe and effective for treating T2DM in patients with NASH.	Pioglitazone	6-18	SAM domain, SH3 domain and nuclear localization signals 1	Homo sapiens	73-77
27560168-0	2016	Evaluation of the PPAR-gamma Agonist Pioglitazone in Mild Asthma: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.	Pioglitazone	37-49	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	18-28
27260150-0	2016	Clopidogrel Markedly Increases Plasma Concentrations of CYP2C8 Substrate Pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	73-85	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	56-62
27260150-1	2016	The glucose-lowering drug pioglitazone undergoes hepatic CYP2C8-mediated biotransformation to its main metabolites.	Pioglitazone	26-38	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	57-63
27260150-10	2016	Clopidogrel increases the exposure to pioglitazone by inhibiting its CYP2C8-mediated biotransformation.	Pioglitazone	38-50	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	69-75
27446311-7	2016	In conclusion, RBP4 may be an effective predictor for diabetic atherosclerosis; pioglitazone is able to decrease RBP4 and NF-kappaB, which may partly contribute to its protective effect against diabetic atherosclerosis.	Pioglitazone	80-92	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
27046338-2	2016	We investigated whether chronic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonism with pioglitazone can prevent the development of HFpEF.	Pioglitazone	94-106	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	32-80
27046338-9	2016	Administration of pioglitazone attenuated the activation of Wnt-beta-catenin signaling.	Pioglitazone	18-30	Wnt family member 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
27046338-9	2016	Administration of pioglitazone attenuated the activation of Wnt-beta-catenin signaling.	Pioglitazone	18-30	catenin beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-76
27046338-10	2016	Our results show that pioglitazone prevented the development of LV fibrosis and HFpEF in a rat model, at least partly due to attenuated Wnt-beta-catenin signaling.	Pioglitazone	22-34	Wnt family member 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-139
27046338-10	2016	Our results show that pioglitazone prevented the development of LV fibrosis and HFpEF in a rat model, at least partly due to attenuated Wnt-beta-catenin signaling.	Pioglitazone	22-34	catenin beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	140-152
27429679-6	2016	The number of subjects who had taken high-dose metformin (&gt;= 1,000 mg) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors increased after the withdrawal or dose reduction of pioglitazone in both groups.	Pioglitazone	172-184	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-100
27429679-6	2016	The number of subjects who had taken high-dose metformin (&gt;= 1,000 mg) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors increased after the withdrawal or dose reduction of pioglitazone in both groups.	Pioglitazone	172-184	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	102-107
27546965-9	2016	Pioglitazone users had higher hypertension, obesity, DM-2 family history (all p &lt; 0.003), and use of insulin and oral hypoglycemics (all p &lt; 0.0001) in comparison to non-users.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	104-111
27548145-3	2016	Here, we investigated in vitro treatment study with the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone to compare Th1, Th2, and Th17 differentiation in male and female mouse splenic T cells.	Pioglitazone	74-86	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	56-65
27548145-4	2016	Pioglitazone treatment significantly inhibited various effector T cell differentiations including Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells from female naive T cells, but it selectively reduced IL-17 production in male Th17 differentiation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	98-101
27548145-4	2016	Pioglitazone treatment significantly inhibited various effector T cell differentiations including Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells from female naive T cells, but it selectively reduced IL-17 production in male Th17 differentiation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	103-106
27548145-4	2016	Pioglitazone treatment significantly inhibited various effector T cell differentiations including Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells from female naive T cells, but it selectively reduced IL-17 production in male Th17 differentiation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	177-182
27548145-5	2016	Interestingly, pioglitazone and estradiol (E2) co-treatment of T cells in males inhibited differentiation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, suggesting a mechanism for the greater sensitivity of PPARgamma to ligand treatment in the regulation of effector T cell differentiation in females.	Pioglitazone	15-27	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	109-112
27548145-5	2016	Interestingly, pioglitazone and estradiol (E2) co-treatment of T cells in males inhibited differentiation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, suggesting a mechanism for the greater sensitivity of PPARgamma to ligand treatment in the regulation of effector T cell differentiation in females.	Pioglitazone	15-27	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	114-117
27548145-5	2016	Interestingly, pioglitazone and estradiol (E2) co-treatment of T cells in males inhibited differentiation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, suggesting a mechanism for the greater sensitivity of PPARgamma to ligand treatment in the regulation of effector T cell differentiation in females.	Pioglitazone	15-27	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	189-198
26849824-0	2016	In Vitro Effects of Pioglitazone on the Expression of Components of Wnt Signaling Pathway and Markers of Bone Mineralization.	Pioglitazone	20-32	Wnt family member 1	Homo sapiens	68-71
26849824-5	2016	Treatment with pioglitazone resulted in increased expression of PPARgamma mRNA in hFOB 1.19 osteoblasts.	Pioglitazone	15-27	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	64-73
26849824-6	2016	Pioglitazone decreased Wnt1 mRNA levels and suppressed components of Wnt signaling pathway as evidenced by a decrease in beta-catenin gene expression and secretion as well as beta-catenin specific activity.	Pioglitazone	0-12	Wnt family member 1	Homo sapiens	23-27
26849824-6	2016	Pioglitazone decreased Wnt1 mRNA levels and suppressed components of Wnt signaling pathway as evidenced by a decrease in beta-catenin gene expression and secretion as well as beta-catenin specific activity.	Pioglitazone	0-12	Wnt family member 1	Homo sapiens	23-26
26849824-6	2016	Pioglitazone decreased Wnt1 mRNA levels and suppressed components of Wnt signaling pathway as evidenced by a decrease in beta-catenin gene expression and secretion as well as beta-catenin specific activity.	Pioglitazone	0-12	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	121-133
26849824-6	2016	Pioglitazone decreased Wnt1 mRNA levels and suppressed components of Wnt signaling pathway as evidenced by a decrease in beta-catenin gene expression and secretion as well as beta-catenin specific activity.	Pioglitazone	0-12	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	175-187
26849824-7	2016	The expression and the activity of OPG, BSP, and FGF23 were also reduced by pioglitazone together with total (but not specific) calcium and phosphate content.	Pioglitazone	76-88	TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Homo sapiens	35-38
26849824-7	2016	The expression and the activity of OPG, BSP, and FGF23 were also reduced by pioglitazone together with total (but not specific) calcium and phosphate content.	Pioglitazone	76-88	integrin binding sialoprotein	Homo sapiens	40-43
26849824-7	2016	The expression and the activity of OPG, BSP, and FGF23 were also reduced by pioglitazone together with total (but not specific) calcium and phosphate content.	Pioglitazone	76-88	fibroblast growth factor 23	Homo sapiens	49-54
26849824-8	2016	Pioglitazone affects Wnt1 signaling pathway and mineral matrix regulation components in human osteoblasts.	Pioglitazone	0-12	Wnt family member 1	Homo sapiens	21-25
27635203-3	2016	Valproic acid (VPA) as a recently emerged anti-neoplastic histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor and pioglitazone (PGZ) as a high-affinity peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist have been shown to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in different studies.	Pioglitazone	99-111	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	137-185
27635203-3	2016	Valproic acid (VPA) as a recently emerged anti-neoplastic histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor and pioglitazone (PGZ) as a high-affinity peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist have been shown to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in different studies.	Pioglitazone	99-111	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	187-196
27635203-3	2016	Valproic acid (VPA) as a recently emerged anti-neoplastic histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor and pioglitazone (PGZ) as a high-affinity peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist have been shown to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in different studies.	Pioglitazone	113-116	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	137-185
26825076-3	2016	Although the lowest PTZ concentrations (4-36 muM) did not show any significant rise in the micronucleus production, the higher PTZ concentration (108 muM) produced a statistically higher number of micronuclei than the negative control and significantly altered the cell-proliferation kinetics, demonstrating the mutagenic and antiproliferative effects of PTZ, respectively.	Pioglitazone	127-130	latexin	Homo sapiens	150-153
26825076-3	2016	Although the lowest PTZ concentrations (4-36 muM) did not show any significant rise in the micronucleus production, the higher PTZ concentration (108 muM) produced a statistically higher number of micronuclei than the negative control and significantly altered the cell-proliferation kinetics, demonstrating the mutagenic and antiproliferative effects of PTZ, respectively.	Pioglitazone	127-130	latexin	Homo sapiens	150-153
27366949-1	2016	Proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) activation can result in transcription of proteins involved in oxidative stress defence and mitochondrial biogenesis which could rescue mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson"s disease (PD).The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone is protective in models of PD; however side effects have limited its clinical use.	Pioglitazone	262-274	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	39-48
27366949-1	2016	Proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) activation can result in transcription of proteins involved in oxidative stress defence and mitochondrial biogenesis which could rescue mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson"s disease (PD).The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone is protective in models of PD; however side effects have limited its clinical use.	Pioglitazone	262-274	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	244-253
27347105-1	2016	The aim of the retrospective study was to analyze the effect of pioglitazone on the expression of tumor tissue inflammation factor interleukin (IL)-8, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of type II diabetes in bladder cancer patients.	Pioglitazone	64-76	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	131-149
26825076-4	2016	The recombinogenic activity of PTZ, demonstrated here for the first time, was observed at the highest tested concentration (400 muM) through the homozygotization index rates significantly different from the negative control.	Pioglitazone	31-34	latexin	Homo sapiens	128-131
27347105-1	2016	The aim of the retrospective study was to analyze the effect of pioglitazone on the expression of tumor tissue inflammation factor interleukin (IL)-8, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of type II diabetes in bladder cancer patients.	Pioglitazone	64-76	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	200-234
27300265-14	2016	PPAR-gamma (NR1C3) is a drug target for pioglitazone, which has been shown to reduce depression symptoms in patients with MDD.	Pioglitazone	40-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-10
27335315-4	2016	Treatment with the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone significantly reduced TFH cell responses in female mice while pioglitazone and estradiol (E2) co-treatment ameliorated TFH cells and GC responses in male mice.	Pioglitazone	37-49	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	19-28
27335315-5	2016	E2 treatment significantly enhanced PPARgamma expression in male T cells, while T cell activation in the estrus but not in the diestrus stage of the menstrual cycle of females was inhibited by pioglitazone, suggesting that an estrogen-sufficient environment is important for PPARgamma-mediated T cell regulation.	Pioglitazone	193-205	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	275-284
27300265-14	2016	PPAR-gamma (NR1C3) is a drug target for pioglitazone, which has been shown to reduce depression symptoms in patients with MDD.	Pioglitazone	40-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	12-17
27012965-0	2016	The bioflavonoid quercetin synergises with PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone in reducing angiotensin-II contractile effect in fructose-streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.	Pioglitazone	62-74	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	87-101
27012965-1	2016	This study investigated the effects of combined minimal concentrations of quercetin and pioglitazone on angiotensin II-induced contraction of the aorta from fructose-streptozotocin (F-STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic rats and the possible role of superoxide anions (O2(-)) and nitric oxide (NO) in their potential therapeutic interaction.	Pioglitazone	88-100	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	104-118
27089006-8	2016	Gene and protein expression of LH and FSH receptors and cytochrome P450 17alpha-hydroxylase (CYP17) was significantly (P &lt; 0.001) down-regulated in testes of diabetic rats, an effect which was significantly increased after administration of taurine and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	256-268	cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-91
27089006-8	2016	Gene and protein expression of LH and FSH receptors and cytochrome P450 17alpha-hydroxylase (CYP17) was significantly (P &lt; 0.001) down-regulated in testes of diabetic rats, an effect which was significantly increased after administration of taurine and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	256-268	cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-98
27210264-11	2016	The recent IRIS (Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke) study documented a significant reduction in stroke and MI when pioglitazone instead of placebo was given to nondiabetic patients presenting with both stroke/transient ischemic attack and insulin resistance, confirming results from the PROactive (Prospective Pioglitazone Clinical Trial in Macrovascular Events) study in patients with T2DM.	Pioglitazone	126-138	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
27210264-11	2016	The recent IRIS (Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke) study documented a significant reduction in stroke and MI when pioglitazone instead of placebo was given to nondiabetic patients presenting with both stroke/transient ischemic attack and insulin resistance, confirming results from the PROactive (Prospective Pioglitazone Clinical Trial in Macrovascular Events) study in patients with T2DM.	Pioglitazone	126-138	insulin	Homo sapiens	250-257
27210264-11	2016	The recent IRIS (Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke) study documented a significant reduction in stroke and MI when pioglitazone instead of placebo was given to nondiabetic patients presenting with both stroke/transient ischemic attack and insulin resistance, confirming results from the PROactive (Prospective Pioglitazone Clinical Trial in Macrovascular Events) study in patients with T2DM.	Pioglitazone	321-333	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
27085394-5	2016	Two-month treatment with ibuprofen significantly altered the expression pattern of APOE in APOE4 mice to that of APOE3 mice; PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone also had a significant effect.	Pioglitazone	144-156	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	125-135
25549928-7	2016	In addition, pioglitazone significantly increased the cellular accumulation of rhodamine-123 in MCF-7/ADR cells overexpressing P-gp.	Pioglitazone	13-25	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	127-131
25549928-12	2016	The increased bioavailability of nifedipine in the presence of pioglitazone may be due to an inhibition of the P-gp-mediated efflux transporter in the small intestine and to the inhibition of the metabolism by inhibition of CYP3A4 in the small intestine and/or the liver, and/or to a reduction of CL/F of nifedipine by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	63-75	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	111-115
27544837-6	2016	Although insulin sensitivity increased 31% among pioglitazone-treated compared with no change among individuals receiving placebo (p &lt;0.001 for between-group difference), no improvement in quantitative or qualitative sleep measurements was observed.	Pioglitazone	49-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
27544837-7	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone administration increased insulin sensitivity in otherwise untreated individuals with OSA, without any change in polysomnographic sleep measures over an eight-week period.	Pioglitazone	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
27221351-7	2016	Finally, the activation of the remaining PPARgamma in Pparg(C/-) mice by pioglitazone increased S1P1 levels, reduced the Th17 population in the spleen, and ameliorated splenomegaly.	Pioglitazone	73-85	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	41-50
26883554-1	2016	The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of pioglitazone (PGT), a specific ligand for PPARgamma, on metabolic dynamics, milk production, and reproductive performance of transition dairy cows.	Pioglitazone	88-100	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Bos taurus	130-139
26883554-1	2016	The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of pioglitazone (PGT), a specific ligand for PPARgamma, on metabolic dynamics, milk production, and reproductive performance of transition dairy cows.	Pioglitazone	102-105	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Bos taurus	130-139
26883554-10	2016	Plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 were higher in PGT (+/+) compared with the control group during both the peripartum and postpartum periods.	Pioglitazone	69-72	insulin like growth factor 1	Bos taurus	25-53
27221351-7	2016	Finally, the activation of the remaining PPARgamma in Pparg(C/-) mice by pioglitazone increased S1P1 levels, reduced the Th17 population in the spleen, and ameliorated splenomegaly.	Pioglitazone	73-85	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	54-59
27221351-7	2016	Finally, the activation of the remaining PPARgamma in Pparg(C/-) mice by pioglitazone increased S1P1 levels, reduced the Th17 population in the spleen, and ameliorated splenomegaly.	Pioglitazone	73-85	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	96-100
27981184-0	2016	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist rescues depression associated with obesity using chronic unpredictable mild stress model in experimental mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	16-25
27981184-1	2016	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist belonging to thiazolidinedione class, is mainly used in diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	16-64
27981184-1	2016	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist belonging to thiazolidinedione class, is mainly used in diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	66-75
26953870-14	2016	Patients treated with pioglitazone showed significant decreases in the mean (SD) number of myelin basic protein peptide-specific cells secreting IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor compared with controls (IL-6, 361.6 [80.5] vs 1130.7 [149.21], P &lt; .001; tumor necrosis factor, 189.9 [53.4] vs 341.0 [106.0], P &lt; .001).	Pioglitazone	22-34	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	91-111
26455893-0	2016	The effects of pioglitazone, a PPARgamma receptor agonist, on the abuse liability of oxycodone among nondependent opioid users.	Pioglitazone	15-27	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	31-40
26455893-1	2016	AIMS: Activation of PPARgamma by pioglitazone (PIO) has shown some efficacy in attenuating addictive-like responses in laboratory animals.	Pioglitazone	33-45	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	20-29
27222525-0	2016	Insulin Resistance Intervention After Stroke Trial of Pioglitazone: Is This Perhaps the End of the Beginning?	Pioglitazone	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
27049870-11	2016	Moreover Sitagliptin is a better renoprotective than Pioglitazone, probably due to its suppressor effect on CTGF, a key factor mediating diabetic renal injury.	Pioglitazone	53-65	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	108-112
27175924-5	2016	Exogenous application of pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, reduced the p-Drp1(Ser616) expression, decreased TGI-induced oxidative stress and activated caspase-3 expression, lessened the extents of DNA fragmentation, and diminished the numbers of TUNEL-positive neuronal cells; all of these effects were reversed by GW9662, a PPARgamma antagonist.	Pioglitazone	25-37	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	41-50
27175924-5	2016	Exogenous application of pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, reduced the p-Drp1(Ser616) expression, decreased TGI-induced oxidative stress and activated caspase-3 expression, lessened the extents of DNA fragmentation, and diminished the numbers of TUNEL-positive neuronal cells; all of these effects were reversed by GW9662, a PPARgamma antagonist.	Pioglitazone	25-37	dynamin 1-like	Rattus norvegicus	74-78
27175924-5	2016	Exogenous application of pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, reduced the p-Drp1(Ser616) expression, decreased TGI-induced oxidative stress and activated caspase-3 expression, lessened the extents of DNA fragmentation, and diminished the numbers of TUNEL-positive neuronal cells; all of these effects were reversed by GW9662, a PPARgamma antagonist.	Pioglitazone	25-37	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	152-161
27175924-5	2016	Exogenous application of pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, reduced the p-Drp1(Ser616) expression, decreased TGI-induced oxidative stress and activated caspase-3 expression, lessened the extents of DNA fragmentation, and diminished the numbers of TUNEL-positive neuronal cells; all of these effects were reversed by GW9662, a PPARgamma antagonist.	Pioglitazone	25-37	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	326-335
26868449-2	2016	The ability of either recombinant Interleukin-6 (rIL6) or pioglitazone to modulate MSC migration, essential for wound healing, by targeting the inflammation-modulated IL6/STAT3 signalling pathway was therefore investigated in bone marrow-derived MSCs from control (C57BL/6J) and pre-diabetic obese mice (B6.	Pioglitazone	58-70	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	171-176
27142691-6	2016	Molecular analysis revealed that both glucocorticoids and pioglitazone enhanced glomerular synaptopodin and nephrin expression, and reduced COX-2 expression, after injury.	Pioglitazone	58-70	NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin	Homo sapiens	108-115
27142691-6	2016	Molecular analysis revealed that both glucocorticoids and pioglitazone enhanced glomerular synaptopodin and nephrin expression, and reduced COX-2 expression, after injury.	Pioglitazone	58-70	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	140-145
27027223-1	2016	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is the target for the thiazolidinedione class of potent insulin-sensitizing drugs, which includes rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	181-193	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-52
27027223-1	2016	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is the target for the thiazolidinedione class of potent insulin-sensitizing drugs, which includes rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	181-193	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	54-63
27138931-0	2016	Pioglitazone increases PGC1-alpha signaling within chronically ischemic myocardium.	Pioglitazone	0-12	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Sus scrofa	23-33
27138931-1	2016	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma drug pioglitazone (PIO) has been shown to protect tissue against oxidant stress.	Pioglitazone	65-77	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Sus scrofa	4-59
27138931-1	2016	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma drug pioglitazone (PIO) has been shown to protect tissue against oxidant stress.	Pioglitazone	79-82	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Sus scrofa	4-59
27138931-10	2016	Chronic pioglitazone does not reduce regional myocardial blood flow or function in a swine model of chronic myocardial ischemia, but may have an important role in increasing expression of antioxidant proteins through PGC1-alpha signaling.	Pioglitazone	8-20	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Sus scrofa	217-227
27163495-0	2016	Effects of Fostamatinib on the Pharmacokinetics of the CYP2C8 Substrate Pioglitazone: Results From In Vitro and Phase 1 Clinical Studies.	Pioglitazone	72-84	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	55-61
27163495-5	2016	The effect of fostamatinib (100 mg twice daily) on the pharmacokinetics of a single oral 30-mg dose of the CYP2C8 substrate pioglitazone and its metabolite, hydroxy pioglitazone, was then investigated (open-label, nonrandomized, 2-period phase I study [n = 15]).	Pioglitazone	124-136	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	107-113
26953870-14	2016	Patients treated with pioglitazone showed significant decreases in the mean (SD) number of myelin basic protein peptide-specific cells secreting IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor compared with controls (IL-6, 361.6 [80.5] vs 1130.7 [149.21], P &lt; .001; tumor necrosis factor, 189.9 [53.4] vs 341.0 [106.0], P &lt; .001).	Pioglitazone	22-34	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	145-149
26953870-14	2016	Patients treated with pioglitazone showed significant decreases in the mean (SD) number of myelin basic protein peptide-specific cells secreting IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor compared with controls (IL-6, 361.6 [80.5] vs 1130.7 [149.21], P &lt; .001; tumor necrosis factor, 189.9 [53.4] vs 341.0 [106.0], P &lt; .001).	Pioglitazone	22-34	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	200-204
26953870-15	2016	Both metformin and pioglitazone resulted in a significant increase in the number and regulatory functions of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells compared with controls (metformin, 6.7 [1.5] vs 2.1 [1.0], P = .001; pioglitazone, 6.9 [0.8] vs 3.0 [0.8], P = .001).	Pioglitazone	19-31	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	109-112
26953870-15	2016	Both metformin and pioglitazone resulted in a significant increase in the number and regulatory functions of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells compared with controls (metformin, 6.7 [1.5] vs 2.1 [1.0], P = .001; pioglitazone, 6.9 [0.8] vs 3.0 [0.8], P = .001).	Pioglitazone	19-31	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	118-123
26953870-15	2016	Both metformin and pioglitazone resulted in a significant increase in the number and regulatory functions of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells compared with controls (metformin, 6.7 [1.5] vs 2.1 [1.0], P = .001; pioglitazone, 6.9 [0.8] vs 3.0 [0.8], P = .001).	Pioglitazone	213-225	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	109-112
27499787-0	2016	Inhibition of P-glycoprotein expression and function by anti-diabetic drugs gliclazide, metformin, and pioglitazone in vitro and in situ.	Pioglitazone	103-115	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	14-28
27499787-5	2016	This study investigated the effects of gliclazide, metformin, and pioglitazone on the function and expression of P-gp.	Pioglitazone	66-78	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	113-117
27499787-11	2016	P-gp expression was decreased by gliclazide, metformin and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	59-71	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
27499787-13	2016	It was found that gliclazide, metformin, and pioglitazone inhibited P-gp efflux activity in situ and down-regulated P-gp expression in vitro.	Pioglitazone	45-57	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	68-72
27499787-13	2016	It was found that gliclazide, metformin, and pioglitazone inhibited P-gp efflux activity in situ and down-regulated P-gp expression in vitro.	Pioglitazone	45-57	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	116-120
26886418-2	2016	The identification of insulin resistance as a risk factor for stroke and myocardial infarction raised the possibility that pioglitazone, which improves insulin sensitivity, might benefit patients with cerebrovascular disease.	Pioglitazone	123-135	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
27059136-0	2016	PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone improves cerebellar dysfunction at pre-Abeta deposition stage in APPswe/PS1dE9 Alzheimer"s disease model mice.	Pioglitazone	18-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-9
27059136-5	2016	Interestingly, we show that pioglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, normalized the p35 protein and CRMP2 phosphorylation levels in the cerebellum.	Pioglitazone	28-40	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	56-104
27059136-5	2016	Interestingly, we show that pioglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, normalized the p35 protein and CRMP2 phosphorylation levels in the cerebellum.	Pioglitazone	28-40	cyclin-dependent kinase 5, regulatory subunit 1 (p35)	Mus musculus	121-124
27059136-5	2016	Interestingly, we show that pioglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, normalized the p35 protein and CRMP2 phosphorylation levels in the cerebellum.	Pioglitazone	28-40	dihydropyrimidinase-like 2	Mus musculus	137-142
27059136-6	2016	Impaired motor coordination ability and LTD in APP/PS1 mice were ameliorated by pioglitazone treatment at the pre-Abeta accumulation stage.	Pioglitazone	80-92	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	51-54
26886418-2	2016	The identification of insulin resistance as a risk factor for stroke and myocardial infarction raised the possibility that pioglitazone, which improves insulin sensitivity, might benefit patients with cerebrovascular disease.	Pioglitazone	123-135	insulin	Homo sapiens	152-159
26886418-10	2016	CONCLUSIONS: In this trial involving patients without diabetes who had insulin resistance along with a recent history of ischemic stroke or TIA, the risk of stroke or myocardial infarction was lower among patients who received pioglitazone than among those who received placebo.	Pioglitazone	227-239	insulin	Homo sapiens	71-78
26797396-0	2016	Pioglitazone attenuates hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase-deficient mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Mus musculus	61-105
26797396-3	2016	We hypothesized that peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) activation by pioglitazone might stimulate adipocyte proliferation, thereby directing lipids from the liver toward white adipose tissue.	Pioglitazone	97-109	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	21-70
26797396-3	2016	We hypothesized that peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) activation by pioglitazone might stimulate adipocyte proliferation, thereby directing lipids from the liver toward white adipose tissue.	Pioglitazone	97-109	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	72-81
26797396-4	2016	Pioglitazone might also act directly on PPARgamma in the liver to improve NAFLD.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	40-49
26797396-7	2016	Treatment with pioglitazone caused an increase in body weight gain in Pemt(-/-) mice that was mainly due to increased adiposity.	Pioglitazone	15-27	phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Mus musculus	70-74
26797396-8	2016	Moreover, pioglitazone improved NAFLD in Pemt(-/-) mice, as indicated by a 35% reduction in liver weight and a 57% decrease in plasma alanine transaminase levels.	Pioglitazone	10-22	phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Mus musculus	41-45
26797396-10	2016	Hepatic steatosis was still evident in pioglitazone-treated Pemt(-/-) mice; however, treatment with pioglitazone reduced hepatic fibrosis, as evidenced by reduced Sirius red staining and lowered mRNA levels of collagen type Ialpha1 (Col1a1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (Timp1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (Acta2), and transforming growth factor-beta (Tgf-beta).	Pioglitazone	39-51	phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Mus musculus	60-64
26797396-10	2016	Hepatic steatosis was still evident in pioglitazone-treated Pemt(-/-) mice; however, treatment with pioglitazone reduced hepatic fibrosis, as evidenced by reduced Sirius red staining and lowered mRNA levels of collagen type Ialpha1 (Col1a1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (Timp1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (Acta2), and transforming growth factor-beta (Tgf-beta).	Pioglitazone	100-112	phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Mus musculus	60-64
26797396-10	2016	Hepatic steatosis was still evident in pioglitazone-treated Pemt(-/-) mice; however, treatment with pioglitazone reduced hepatic fibrosis, as evidenced by reduced Sirius red staining and lowered mRNA levels of collagen type Ialpha1 (Col1a1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (Timp1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (Acta2), and transforming growth factor-beta (Tgf-beta).	Pioglitazone	100-112	collagen, type I, alpha 1	Mus musculus	233-239
26797396-10	2016	Hepatic steatosis was still evident in pioglitazone-treated Pemt(-/-) mice; however, treatment with pioglitazone reduced hepatic fibrosis, as evidenced by reduced Sirius red staining and lowered mRNA levels of collagen type Ialpha1 (Col1a1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (Timp1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (Acta2), and transforming growth factor-beta (Tgf-beta).	Pioglitazone	100-112	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1	Mus musculus	242-282
26797396-10	2016	Hepatic steatosis was still evident in pioglitazone-treated Pemt(-/-) mice; however, treatment with pioglitazone reduced hepatic fibrosis, as evidenced by reduced Sirius red staining and lowered mRNA levels of collagen type Ialpha1 (Col1a1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (Timp1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (Acta2), and transforming growth factor-beta (Tgf-beta).	Pioglitazone	100-112	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1	Mus musculus	284-289
26797396-10	2016	Hepatic steatosis was still evident in pioglitazone-treated Pemt(-/-) mice; however, treatment with pioglitazone reduced hepatic fibrosis, as evidenced by reduced Sirius red staining and lowered mRNA levels of collagen type Ialpha1 (Col1a1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (Timp1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (Acta2), and transforming growth factor-beta (Tgf-beta).	Pioglitazone	100-112	actin alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta	Mus musculus	319-324
26797396-10	2016	Hepatic steatosis was still evident in pioglitazone-treated Pemt(-/-) mice; however, treatment with pioglitazone reduced hepatic fibrosis, as evidenced by reduced Sirius red staining and lowered mRNA levels of collagen type Ialpha1 (Col1a1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (Timp1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (Acta2), and transforming growth factor-beta (Tgf-beta).	Pioglitazone	100-112	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	364-372
26797396-11	2016	Similarly, oxidative stress and inflammation were reduced in livers from Pemt(-/-) mice upon treatment with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	108-120	phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Mus musculus	73-77
27034186-15	2016	Treatment with pioglitazone supported that increased insulin sensitivity in PCOS is associated with improved inflammatory and cardiovascular risk markers.	Pioglitazone	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
27038906-7	2016	We found that chronic pioglitazone (PPAR-gamma agonist) treatment ameliorated the motor phenotype in Cox10/DAT-cre mice.	Pioglitazone	22-34	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	36-46
27038906-7	2016	We found that chronic pioglitazone (PPAR-gamma agonist) treatment ameliorated the motor phenotype in Cox10/DAT-cre mice.	Pioglitazone	22-34	heme A:farnesyltransferase cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 10	Mus musculus	101-106
27038906-7	2016	We found that chronic pioglitazone (PPAR-gamma agonist) treatment ameliorated the motor phenotype in Cox10/DAT-cre mice.	Pioglitazone	22-34	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	Mus musculus	107-110
26984187-5	2016	Here we took advantage of samples collected during the clinical trial of pioglitazone (GERP-ALS), and characterized longitudinally energy metabolism of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in response to pioglitazone, a drug with well-characterized metabolic effects.	Pioglitazone	73-85	tripartite motif containing 8	Homo sapiens	87-91
26984187-6	2016	As expected, pioglitazone decreased glycaemia, decreased liver enzymes and increased circulating adiponectin in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, showing its efficacy in the periphery.	Pioglitazone	13-25	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	97-108
27092721-0	2016	Celecoxib and Pioglitazone as Potential Therapeutics for Regulating TGF-beta-Induced Hyaluronan in Dysthyroid Myopathy.	Pioglitazone	14-26	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	68-76
27190792-1	2016	INTRODUCTION: The present study was taken up to compare and evaluate the effect of Momordica charantia supplementation with pioglitazone on PKC-beta and PPAR-gamma activity in kidneys of diabetic rats.	Pioglitazone	124-136	protein kinase C, beta	Rattus norvegicus	140-148
27190792-1	2016	INTRODUCTION: The present study was taken up to compare and evaluate the effect of Momordica charantia supplementation with pioglitazone on PKC-beta and PPAR-gamma activity in kidneys of diabetic rats.	Pioglitazone	124-136	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	153-163
26721358-0	2016	Ameliorative potential of pioglitazone and ceftriaxone alone and in combination in rat model of neuropathic pain: Targeting PPARgamma and GLT-1 pathways.	Pioglitazone	26-38	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	124-133
26742933-4	2016	We hypothesized that treatment of this condition with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) activator pioglitazone, known to regulate the expression of different genes addressing insulin resistance, inflammatory changes, and vascular remodelling, could be a beneficial approach.	Pioglitazone	129-141	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	58-106
26742933-4	2016	We hypothesized that treatment of this condition with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) activator pioglitazone, known to regulate the expression of different genes addressing insulin resistance, inflammatory changes, and vascular remodelling, could be a beneficial approach.	Pioglitazone	129-141	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	108-117
26742933-15	2016	Based on the beneficial impact of pioglitazone, activation of PPARgamma might be a promising treatment option in PAH.	Pioglitazone	34-46	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	62-71
26887289-7	2016	Treatment of subjects with T2DM with pioglitazone increased NPRR in adipose tissue (P &lt;= 0.01) in conjunction with improvements in insulin sensitivity and increases of the thermogenic markers PPARgamma coactivator-1alpha and uncoupling protein 1 (P &lt;= 0.01).	Pioglitazone	37-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	134-141
26887289-7	2016	Treatment of subjects with T2DM with pioglitazone increased NPRR in adipose tissue (P &lt;= 0.01) in conjunction with improvements in insulin sensitivity and increases of the thermogenic markers PPARgamma coactivator-1alpha and uncoupling protein 1 (P &lt;= 0.01).	Pioglitazone	37-49	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	195-248
26983599-8	2016	Vice versa, the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone induced a different set of genes (mainly FABP4).	Pioglitazone	34-46	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	16-25
26983599-8	2016	Vice versa, the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone induced a different set of genes (mainly FABP4).	Pioglitazone	34-46	fatty acid binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	88-93
26938239-7	2016	Interestingly, LDH-A expression increased in the islet cells of db/db mice, and both treatment of OXA and pioglitazone decreased LDH-A expression, which might be related to the improvement of insulin secretion.	Pioglitazone	106-118	lactate dehydrogenase A	Mus musculus	129-134
26821947-0	2016	Pioglitazone-Incorporated Nanoparticles Prevent Plaque Destabilization and Rupture by Regulating Monocyte/Macrophage Differentiation in ApoE-/- Mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	136-140
26821947-3	2016	Therefore, we hypothesized that nanoparticle-mediated targeted delivery of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone into circulating monocytes could effectively inhibit plaque ruptures in a mouse model.	Pioglitazone	136-148	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	79-127
26821947-6	2016	Weekly intravenous administration of pioglitazone-NPs (7 mg/kg per week) for 4 weeks decreased buried fibrous caps, a surrogate marker of plaque rupture, in the brachiocephalic arteries of ApoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet and infused with angiotensin II.	Pioglitazone	37-49	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	189-193
26821947-10	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of pioglitazone inhibited macrophage activation and atherosclerotic plaque ruptures in hyperlipidemic ApoE(-/-) mice.	Pioglitazone	47-59	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	146-150
26898430-0	2016	Pioglitazone up-regulates long non-coding RNA MEG3 to protect endothelial progenitor cells via increasing HDAC7 expression in metabolic syndrome.	Pioglitazone	0-12	maternally expressed 3	Homo sapiens	46-50
26898430-0	2016	Pioglitazone up-regulates long non-coding RNA MEG3 to protect endothelial progenitor cells via increasing HDAC7 expression in metabolic syndrome.	Pioglitazone	0-12	histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens	106-111
26898430-5	2016	Pioglitazone reversed the alterations of EPCs function and the expression levels of MEG3 and miR-140-5p in EPCs.	Pioglitazone	0-12	maternally expressed 3	Homo sapiens	84-88
26898430-6	2016	In bone marrow-derived EPCs exposed to palmitate, down-regulation of miR-140-5p canceled the increase of MEG3 expression level induced by Pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	138-150	maternally expressed 3	Homo sapiens	105-109
26898430-10	2016	These findings demonstrated that Pioglitazone up-regulated MEG3 expression to protect EPCs via decreasing miR-140-5p expression and increasing HDAC7 expression in MetS, which may be a novel therapeutic target for preventing and treating MetS.	Pioglitazone	33-45	maternally expressed 3	Homo sapiens	59-63
26898430-10	2016	These findings demonstrated that Pioglitazone up-regulated MEG3 expression to protect EPCs via decreasing miR-140-5p expression and increasing HDAC7 expression in MetS, which may be a novel therapeutic target for preventing and treating MetS.	Pioglitazone	33-45	histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens	143-148
26825546-7	2016	The combination of both drugs, in half doses, improved NASH-related disturbances similar to, or even better than, a full dose of fenofibrate alone possibly due to attenuating effects of pioglitazone on expression of genes responsible for insulin resistance, fatty acid synthesis and fibrosis in addition to correcting the balance between leptin and adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	186-198	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	349-360
26781175-0	2016	TLR4-dependent signaling pathway modulation: A novel mechanism by which pioglitazone protects against nutritional fibrotic steatohepatitis in mice.	Pioglitazone	72-84	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	0-4
26781175-9	2016	The results of the present study provide novel evidence supporting the protective role of pioglitazone in ameliorating nutritional fibrotic steatohepatitis, through modulation of the TLR4-mediated signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	90-102	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	183-187
26822630-8	2016	Pioglitazone was associated with a significant increase in plasma HMW adiponectin from baseline to week 8 compared with placebo (+47% vs -10%, p&lt;0.001).	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	70-81
26822630-9	2016	Insulin sensitivity increased significantly from baseline to week 8 in the pioglitazone group (+88%, p=0.02) but not in the placebo group (+15%, p=0.14).	Pioglitazone	75-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
26822630-10	2016	Change in HMW adiponectin was significantly correlated with the change in insulin sensitivity in the pioglitazone group (r = 0.784, p=0.003).	Pioglitazone	101-113	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	14-25
26822630-10	2016	Change in HMW adiponectin was significantly correlated with the change in insulin sensitivity in the pioglitazone group (r = 0.784, p=0.003).	Pioglitazone	101-113	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
26822630-13	2016	CONCLUSION: Low-dose pioglitazone favorably modulates plasma HMW adiponectin, which was associated with an improvement in insulin sensitivity, in patients with the metabolic syndrome without diabetes.	Pioglitazone	21-33	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	65-76
26822630-13	2016	CONCLUSION: Low-dose pioglitazone favorably modulates plasma HMW adiponectin, which was associated with an improvement in insulin sensitivity, in patients with the metabolic syndrome without diabetes.	Pioglitazone	21-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	122-129
26825545-4	2016	In the present study, we administered pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, to high-fat fed rats, and measured their FA composition of triglyceride fraction in adipose tissue and adipocyte diameters in pioglitazone-treated (PIO) and non-treated (control) rats.	Pioglitazone	38-50	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	54-63
26838084-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in combination with pioglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), can reduce liver fibrosis in models of liver injury.	Pioglitazone	81-93	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	109-157
26838084-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in combination with pioglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), can reduce liver fibrosis in models of liver injury.	Pioglitazone	81-93	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	159-169
26643070-0	2016	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, attenuates PDGF-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent inhibition of mTOR/p70S6K and ERK signaling.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	16-25
26643070-0	2016	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, attenuates PDGF-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent inhibition of mTOR/p70S6K and ERK signaling.	Pioglitazone	0-12	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	109-113
26643070-0	2016	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, attenuates PDGF-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent inhibition of mTOR/p70S6K and ERK signaling.	Pioglitazone	0-12	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	128-132
26643070-0	2016	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, attenuates PDGF-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent inhibition of mTOR/p70S6K and ERK signaling.	Pioglitazone	0-12	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	159-163
26643070-0	2016	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, attenuates PDGF-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent inhibition of mTOR/p70S6K and ERK signaling.	Pioglitazone	0-12	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Homo sapiens	164-170
26643070-0	2016	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, attenuates PDGF-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent inhibition of mTOR/p70S6K and ERK signaling.	Pioglitazone	0-12	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	175-178
26643070-1	2016	Pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARgamma agonist that improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes through its insulin-sensitizing action, has been shown to exhibit beneficial effects in the vessel wall.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	22-31
26643070-1	2016	Pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARgamma agonist that improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes through its insulin-sensitizing action, has been shown to exhibit beneficial effects in the vessel wall.	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	22-31
26643070-6	2016	In particular, PIO at 30muM concentration activates AMPK to induce raptor phosphorylation, which diminishes PDGF-induced mTOR activity as evidenced by decreased phosphorylation of p70S6K, 4E-BP1, and S6 and increased accumulation of p27(kip1), a cell cycle inhibitor.	Pioglitazone	15-18	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	52-56
26643070-6	2016	In particular, PIO at 30muM concentration activates AMPK to induce raptor phosphorylation, which diminishes PDGF-induced mTOR activity as evidenced by decreased phosphorylation of p70S6K, 4E-BP1, and S6 and increased accumulation of p27(kip1), a cell cycle inhibitor.	Pioglitazone	15-18	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	121-125
26643070-6	2016	In particular, PIO at 30muM concentration activates AMPK to induce raptor phosphorylation, which diminishes PDGF-induced mTOR activity as evidenced by decreased phosphorylation of p70S6K, 4E-BP1, and S6 and increased accumulation of p27(kip1), a cell cycle inhibitor.	Pioglitazone	15-18	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Homo sapiens	180-186
26643070-6	2016	In particular, PIO at 30muM concentration activates AMPK to induce raptor phosphorylation, which diminishes PDGF-induced mTOR activity as evidenced by decreased phosphorylation of p70S6K, 4E-BP1, and S6 and increased accumulation of p27(kip1), a cell cycle inhibitor.	Pioglitazone	15-18	dynactin subunit 6	Homo sapiens	233-236
26643070-6	2016	In particular, PIO at 30muM concentration activates AMPK to induce raptor phosphorylation, which diminishes PDGF-induced mTOR activity as evidenced by decreased phosphorylation of p70S6K, 4E-BP1, and S6 and increased accumulation of p27(kip1), a cell cycle inhibitor.	Pioglitazone	15-18	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Homo sapiens	237-241
26673543-0	2016	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone prevents NF-kappaB activation in cisplatin nephrotoxicity through the reduction of p65 acetylation via the AMPK-SIRT1/p300 pathway.	Pioglitazone	61-73	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-52
26673543-0	2016	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone prevents NF-kappaB activation in cisplatin nephrotoxicity through the reduction of p65 acetylation via the AMPK-SIRT1/p300 pathway.	Pioglitazone	61-73	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	83-92
26673543-0	2016	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone prevents NF-kappaB activation in cisplatin nephrotoxicity through the reduction of p65 acetylation via the AMPK-SIRT1/p300 pathway.	Pioglitazone	61-73	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	157-160
26673543-0	2016	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone prevents NF-kappaB activation in cisplatin nephrotoxicity through the reduction of p65 acetylation via the AMPK-SIRT1/p300 pathway.	Pioglitazone	61-73	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	181-185
26673543-0	2016	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone prevents NF-kappaB activation in cisplatin nephrotoxicity through the reduction of p65 acetylation via the AMPK-SIRT1/p300 pathway.	Pioglitazone	61-73	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	186-191
26673543-0	2016	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone prevents NF-kappaB activation in cisplatin nephrotoxicity through the reduction of p65 acetylation via the AMPK-SIRT1/p300 pathway.	Pioglitazone	61-73	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	192-196
26673543-1	2016	The thiazolidinedione pioglitazone, which is also a PPAR-gamma agonist, now is widely used in patients with hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia.	Pioglitazone	22-34	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	52-62
26673543-4	2016	The results showed that the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone decreased the expression of NF-kappaB p65 transcription target genes (e.g., IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha) and inhibited histological injury and inflammatory cells infiltration in cisplatin nephrotoxicity.	Pioglitazone	47-59	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	28-38
26673543-4	2016	The results showed that the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone decreased the expression of NF-kappaB p65 transcription target genes (e.g., IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha) and inhibited histological injury and inflammatory cells infiltration in cisplatin nephrotoxicity.	Pioglitazone	47-59	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	88-97
26673543-4	2016	The results showed that the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone decreased the expression of NF-kappaB p65 transcription target genes (e.g., IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha) and inhibited histological injury and inflammatory cells infiltration in cisplatin nephrotoxicity.	Pioglitazone	47-59	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	98-101
26673543-4	2016	The results showed that the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone decreased the expression of NF-kappaB p65 transcription target genes (e.g., IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha) and inhibited histological injury and inflammatory cells infiltration in cisplatin nephrotoxicity.	Pioglitazone	47-59	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	136-140
26673543-4	2016	The results showed that the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone decreased the expression of NF-kappaB p65 transcription target genes (e.g., IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha) and inhibited histological injury and inflammatory cells infiltration in cisplatin nephrotoxicity.	Pioglitazone	47-59	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	142-150
26673543-4	2016	The results showed that the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone decreased the expression of NF-kappaB p65 transcription target genes (e.g., IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha) and inhibited histological injury and inflammatory cells infiltration in cisplatin nephrotoxicity.	Pioglitazone	47-59	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	156-165
26673543-5	2016	The suppression of NF-kappaB activity following pioglitazone treatment inhibited the cisplatin-induced IkappaB-alpha degredation and NF-kappaB p65 subunit translocation.	Pioglitazone	48-60	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	19-28
26673543-5	2016	The suppression of NF-kappaB activity following pioglitazone treatment inhibited the cisplatin-induced IkappaB-alpha degredation and NF-kappaB p65 subunit translocation.	Pioglitazone	48-60	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	103-116
26673543-5	2016	The suppression of NF-kappaB activity following pioglitazone treatment inhibited the cisplatin-induced IkappaB-alpha degredation and NF-kappaB p65 subunit translocation.	Pioglitazone	48-60	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	133-142
26673543-5	2016	The suppression of NF-kappaB activity following pioglitazone treatment inhibited the cisplatin-induced IkappaB-alpha degredation and NF-kappaB p65 subunit translocation.	Pioglitazone	48-60	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	143-146
26673543-8	2016	Interestingly, the reduction of IL-6, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, the inhibition of histological injury and the inflammatory cells infiltration following pioglitazone treatment in cisplatin nephrotoxicity were attenuated after treatment with the PPAR-gamma antagonist GW9662.	Pioglitazone	150-162	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	32-36
26673543-8	2016	Interestingly, the reduction of IL-6, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, the inhibition of histological injury and the inflammatory cells infiltration following pioglitazone treatment in cisplatin nephrotoxicity were attenuated after treatment with the PPAR-gamma antagonist GW9662.	Pioglitazone	150-162	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	242-252
26673543-9	2016	These results suggest that the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone prevents NF-kappaB activation in cisplatin nephrotoxicity through a reduction in p65 acetylation via the AMPK-SIRT1/p300 pathway.	Pioglitazone	50-62	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	31-41
26673543-9	2016	These results suggest that the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone prevents NF-kappaB activation in cisplatin nephrotoxicity through a reduction in p65 acetylation via the AMPK-SIRT1/p300 pathway.	Pioglitazone	50-62	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	72-81
26673543-9	2016	These results suggest that the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone prevents NF-kappaB activation in cisplatin nephrotoxicity through a reduction in p65 acetylation via the AMPK-SIRT1/p300 pathway.	Pioglitazone	50-62	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	144-147
26673543-9	2016	These results suggest that the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone prevents NF-kappaB activation in cisplatin nephrotoxicity through a reduction in p65 acetylation via the AMPK-SIRT1/p300 pathway.	Pioglitazone	50-62	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	168-172
26673543-9	2016	These results suggest that the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone prevents NF-kappaB activation in cisplatin nephrotoxicity through a reduction in p65 acetylation via the AMPK-SIRT1/p300 pathway.	Pioglitazone	50-62	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	173-178
26673543-9	2016	These results suggest that the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone prevents NF-kappaB activation in cisplatin nephrotoxicity through a reduction in p65 acetylation via the AMPK-SIRT1/p300 pathway.	Pioglitazone	50-62	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	179-183
27042481-0	2016	Genotype Phenotype Correlation of Genetic Polymorphism of PPAR Gamma Gene and Therapeutic Response to Pioglitazone in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus- A Pilot Study.	Pioglitazone	102-114	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	58-68
27042481-3	2016	Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, is an anti-diabetic drug which acts as an agonist at PPAR gamma receptor.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	88-98
27042481-4	2016	AIM: To determine the association between Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARG and variation in therapeutic response to the PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	141-153	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	71-76
27042481-4	2016	AIM: To determine the association between Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARG and variation in therapeutic response to the PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	141-153	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	122-131
26838738-0	2016	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone fails to attenuate renal fibrosis caused by unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice.	Pioglitazone	57-69	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-48
26838738-11	2016	Real-time PCR results showed that TGF-beta and MCP-1 had no significant changes, at the same time, CD4(+) T cells associated cytokines were partially regulated by pioglitazone pretreatment.	Pioglitazone	163-175	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	99-102
26643379-0	2016	AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Mediates the Antiplatelet Effects of the Thiazolidinediones Rosiglitazone and Pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	107-119	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-28
26643379-11	2016	Taken together, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone inhibit platelet aggregation by activating AMPK.	Pioglitazone	34-46	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	90-94
26643379-12	2016	AMPK functions as a potential target of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone for their antiplatelet activity, although the in vivo or clinical relevance remains to be assessed.	Pioglitazone	58-70	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
26321377-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in cartilage degeneration in vivo and determine the influence of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone on AGEs-induced osteoarthritis (OA) in a rabbit model.	Pioglitazone	215-227	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	146-194
26321377-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in cartilage degeneration in vivo and determine the influence of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone on AGEs-induced osteoarthritis (OA) in a rabbit model.	Pioglitazone	215-227	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	196-205
26721358-0	2016	Ameliorative potential of pioglitazone and ceftriaxone alone and in combination in rat model of neuropathic pain: Targeting PPARgamma and GLT-1 pathways.	Pioglitazone	26-38	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	138-143
26721358-2	2016	Present study has been designed to elucidate the interaction between the GLT-1 activator (ceftriaxone) and PPAR gamma agonist (pioglitazone) in the spinal nerve ligation induced neuropathic pain.	Pioglitazone	127-139	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	73-78
26721358-2	2016	Present study has been designed to elucidate the interaction between the GLT-1 activator (ceftriaxone) and PPAR gamma agonist (pioglitazone) in the spinal nerve ligation induced neuropathic pain.	Pioglitazone	127-139	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	107-117
26927377-0	2016	[Pioglitazone decreases the levels of inflammatory cytokines in SD rats with traumatic brain injury via up-regulating PPARgamma].	Pioglitazone	1-13	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	118-127
26927377-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of pioglitazone on the levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNAs and the dose-dependent relationship in rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI).	Pioglitazone	36-48	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	66-114
26927377-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of pioglitazone on the levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNAs and the dose-dependent relationship in rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI).	Pioglitazone	36-48	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	116-125
26927377-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of pioglitazone on the levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNAs and the dose-dependent relationship in rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI).	Pioglitazone	36-48	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	128-155
26927377-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of pioglitazone on the levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNAs and the dose-dependent relationship in rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI).	Pioglitazone	36-48	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	172-185
26927377-5	2016	RESULTS: Twenty-four hours after the injury, the expression of PPARgamma mRNA was up-regulated significantly in all pioglitazone groups, with significant difference between each pioglitazone group in a dose-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	116-128	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	63-72
26927377-5	2016	RESULTS: Twenty-four hours after the injury, the expression of PPARgamma mRNA was up-regulated significantly in all pioglitazone groups, with significant difference between each pioglitazone group in a dose-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	178-190	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	63-72
26927377-7	2016	Twenty-four hours after the injury, the levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNAs in the pioglitazone groups receiving the doses of 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg decreased compared with those in the group receiving 0.5 mg/kg pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	82-94	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	50-59
26927377-7	2016	Twenty-four hours after the injury, the levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNAs in the pioglitazone groups receiving the doses of 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg decreased compared with those in the group receiving 0.5 mg/kg pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	82-94	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	64-68
26927377-8	2016	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone inhibits inflammatory reaction by up-regulating the level of PPARgamma mRNA and down-regulating the levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNAs in rats with TBI.	Pioglitazone	12-24	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	86-95
26927377-8	2016	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone inhibits inflammatory reaction by up-regulating the level of PPARgamma mRNA and down-regulating the levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNAs in rats with TBI.	Pioglitazone	12-24	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	135-144
26927377-8	2016	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone inhibits inflammatory reaction by up-regulating the level of PPARgamma mRNA and down-regulating the levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNAs in rats with TBI.	Pioglitazone	12-24	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	149-153
26562432-0	2016	Pioglitazone significantly prevented decreased rate of neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells which was reduced by Pex11beta knock-down.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisomal biogenesis factor 11 beta	Mus musculus	129-138
26562432-7	2016	Interestingly, pretreatment of transduced mESCs with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist (pioglitazone (Pio)) ameliorated the inhibitory effects of Pex11beta knock down on neural differentiation.	Pioglitazone	111-123	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	53-101
26562432-7	2016	Interestingly, pretreatment of transduced mESCs with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist (pioglitazone (Pio)) ameliorated the inhibitory effects of Pex11beta knock down on neural differentiation.	Pioglitazone	111-123	peroxisomal biogenesis factor 11 beta	Mus musculus	169-178
26562432-7	2016	Interestingly, pretreatment of transduced mESCs with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist (pioglitazone (Pio)) ameliorated the inhibitory effects of Pex11beta knock down on neural differentiation.	Pioglitazone	125-128	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	53-101
26562432-7	2016	Interestingly, pretreatment of transduced mESCs with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist (pioglitazone (Pio)) ameliorated the inhibitory effects of Pex11beta knock down on neural differentiation.	Pioglitazone	125-128	peroxisomal biogenesis factor 11 beta	Mus musculus	169-178
26507867-7	2016	KEY RESULTS: Treatment with PPARgamma agonists, rosiglitazone (0.8 mg kg(-1) ) and pioglitazone (9.0 mg kg(-1) ), for 6 weeks significantly increased Abeta efflux and decreased Abeta influx across the BBB in db/db mice.	Pioglitazone	83-95	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	150-155
26495791-2	2016	METHODS: AR42j cells pretreated with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone were activated by cerulein as an in vitro model of acute pancreatitis.	Pioglitazone	98-110	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	41-89
26495791-9	2016	Pioglitazone increased the activity of caspases 3, 8, and 9 in cerulein-activated AR42j cells as well as in the pancreas of rats 3 hours after induction of severe acute pancreatitis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	39-59
26495791-11	2016	Pioglitazone increased expression of proapoptotic Bax proteins and decreased antiapoptotic Bcl-2 in cerulein-induced AR42j cells and decreased Bcl-2 levels in pancreatic tissue of severe acute pancreatitis rats 1 and 3 hours after induction.	Pioglitazone	0-12	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
26495791-11	2016	Pioglitazone increased expression of proapoptotic Bax proteins and decreased antiapoptotic Bcl-2 in cerulein-induced AR42j cells and decreased Bcl-2 levels in pancreatic tissue of severe acute pancreatitis rats 1 and 3 hours after induction.	Pioglitazone	0-12	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	91-96
26495791-11	2016	Pioglitazone increased expression of proapoptotic Bax proteins and decreased antiapoptotic Bcl-2 in cerulein-induced AR42j cells and decreased Bcl-2 levels in pancreatic tissue of severe acute pancreatitis rats 1 and 3 hours after induction.	Pioglitazone	0-12	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	143-148
26001206-10	2016	However, PPAR-gamma agonists may be a promising therapeutic approach in future, especially pioglitazone, with large-scale randomized controlled trials to confirm.	Pioglitazone	91-103	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	9-19
26228462-0	2016	Pioglitazone treatment increases food intake and decreases energy expenditure partially via hypothalamic adiponectin/adipoR1/AMPK pathway.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	105-116
26228462-0	2016	Pioglitazone treatment increases food intake and decreases energy expenditure partially via hypothalamic adiponectin/adipoR1/AMPK pathway.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin receptor 1	Mus musculus	117-124
28116157-5	2016	Vit E, pioglitazone, and rosiglitazone increased thiol, SOD, and CAT in the cerebellar tissues while reducing MDA and NO metabolites.	Pioglitazone	7-19	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
28116157-6	2016	The results of present study showed that, similar to Vit E, both rosiglitazone and pioglitazone as PPARgamma agonists exerted protective effects against cerebellar tissues oxidative damage in hypothyroid rats.	Pioglitazone	83-95	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	99-108
27110236-0	2016	Pioglitazone Protected against Cardiac Hypertrophy via Inhibiting AKT/GSK3beta and MAPK Signaling Pathways.	Pioglitazone	0-12	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
27110236-0	2016	Pioglitazone Protected against Cardiac Hypertrophy via Inhibiting AKT/GSK3beta and MAPK Signaling Pathways.	Pioglitazone	0-12	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	70-78
27110236-2	2016	This study was to investigate whether pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARgamma agonist, could protect against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy.	Pioglitazone	38-50	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	60-69
27110236-2	2016	This study was to investigate whether pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARgamma agonist, could protect against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy.	Pioglitazone	52-55	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	60-69
26710090-0	2016	Local release of pioglitazone (a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist) accelerates proliferation and remodeling phases of wound healing.	Pioglitazone	17-29	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	33-81
26710090-2	2016	Pioglitazone (Pio) is a PPARgamma agonist used clinically as an anti-diabetic agent for improving insulin sensitivity in patients with diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	24-33
26710090-2	2016	Pioglitazone (Pio) is a PPARgamma agonist used clinically as an anti-diabetic agent for improving insulin sensitivity in patients with diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-105
26710090-2	2016	Pioglitazone (Pio) is a PPARgamma agonist used clinically as an anti-diabetic agent for improving insulin sensitivity in patients with diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-3	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	24-33
26710090-2	2016	Pioglitazone (Pio) is a PPARgamma agonist used clinically as an anti-diabetic agent for improving insulin sensitivity in patients with diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-3	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-105
26602230-2	2015	This study aimed to assess the effects on depressive symptoms with adjuvant treatment with the PPARgamma-agonist pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	113-125	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	95-104
26296069-1	2015	PURPOSE: Repaglinide and pioglitazone are both CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 substrates.	Pioglitazone	25-37	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	47-53
26296069-1	2015	PURPOSE: Repaglinide and pioglitazone are both CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 substrates.	Pioglitazone	25-37	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	58-64
26721366-3	2016	The role of MAPK and PPAR pathways during the pioglitazone (Pio) induced PPAR-gamma independent anticancer activity in MCF7 cells has been focused here.	Pioglitazone	46-58	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	21-25
26721366-3	2016	The role of MAPK and PPAR pathways during the pioglitazone (Pio) induced PPAR-gamma independent anticancer activity in MCF7 cells has been focused here.	Pioglitazone	46-58	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	73-83
26721366-3	2016	The role of MAPK and PPAR pathways during the pioglitazone (Pio) induced PPAR-gamma independent anticancer activity in MCF7 cells has been focused here.	Pioglitazone	60-63	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	21-25
26721366-3	2016	The role of MAPK and PPAR pathways during the pioglitazone (Pio) induced PPAR-gamma independent anticancer activity in MCF7 cells has been focused here.	Pioglitazone	60-63	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	73-83
27160248-4	2016	Moreover, the expression of HIF-1alpha, eNOS, VEGF, Flt-1 and Flk-1 was determined to reveal the possible pathways through which pioglitazone exerted its beneficial effect on CKDs.	Pioglitazone	129-141	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
27160248-4	2016	Moreover, the expression of HIF-1alpha, eNOS, VEGF, Flt-1 and Flk-1 was determined to reveal the possible pathways through which pioglitazone exerted its beneficial effect on CKDs.	Pioglitazone	129-141	Fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
27160248-4	2016	Moreover, the expression of HIF-1alpha, eNOS, VEGF, Flt-1 and Flk-1 was determined to reveal the possible pathways through which pioglitazone exerted its beneficial effect on CKDs.	Pioglitazone	129-141	kinase insert domain receptor	Rattus norvegicus	62-67
27160248-7	2016	Additionally, pioglitazone inhibited HIF-1alpha-dependent angiogenesis by down-regulating the expression of a panel of angiogenic factors.	Pioglitazone	14-26	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
26575297-6	2016	Treatment of T2DM yields preservation of brain gray matter and insulin sensitizers, such as pioglitazone, improve symptoms of depression in unipolar or bipolar disorders.	Pioglitazone	92-104	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
27356542-7	2016	Indeed, it was shown that incretin-related drugs exerted protective effects on beta-cells through the augmentation of IRS-2 expression especially in the presence of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	165-177	insulin receptor substrate 2	Homo sapiens	118-123
26997724-2	2016	Pioglitazone, an insulin sensitizer, exerts cardioprotection through GSK-3beta.	Pioglitazone	0-12	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	69-78
26997724-12	2016	The results suggest that perfusion of pioglitazone restored the cardioprotective effect of IPC in hyperlipidemic rat heart, an effect that may be via PI3K and mTOR.	Pioglitazone	38-50	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	159-163
27127397-2	2016	Pioglitazone has been very popular as it is an insulin sensitizer and insulin resistance is prevalent among Indians.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	47-54
27127397-2	2016	Pioglitazone has been very popular as it is an insulin sensitizer and insulin resistance is prevalent among Indians.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
27403152-0	2016	Pioglitazone Attenuates Drug-Eluting Stent-Induced Proinflammatory State in Patients by Blocking Ubiquitination of PPAR.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	115-119
26084260-5	2015	Pioglitazone stimulated weight gain and induced a redistribution of adipose tissue toward epididymal location with enhanced plasma adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	131-142
26084260-8	2015	In vitro incubation of MAT obtained from overfed rats demonstrated that pioglitazone induced a down-regulation of GR gene expression and normalized glucocorticoid-induced stimulation of 11beta-HSD1 and plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1 mRNAs.	Pioglitazone	72-84	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-116
26084260-8	2015	In vitro incubation of MAT obtained from overfed rats demonstrated that pioglitazone induced a down-regulation of GR gene expression and normalized glucocorticoid-induced stimulation of 11beta-HSD1 and plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1 mRNAs.	Pioglitazone	72-84	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	186-197
26084260-8	2015	In vitro incubation of MAT obtained from overfed rats demonstrated that pioglitazone induced a down-regulation of GR gene expression and normalized glucocorticoid-induced stimulation of 11beta-HSD1 and plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1 mRNAs.	Pioglitazone	72-84	serpin family E member 2	Rattus norvegicus	202-240
26084260-10	2015	They demonstrate that pioglitazone, in addition to its well-established effect on adipose tissue redistribution and adiponectin secretion, reverses programing-induced adipose GR, 11beta-HSD1, and proinflammatory cytokines overexpression, possibly through a GR-dependent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	22-34	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	116-127
26084260-10	2015	They demonstrate that pioglitazone, in addition to its well-established effect on adipose tissue redistribution and adiponectin secretion, reverses programing-induced adipose GR, 11beta-HSD1, and proinflammatory cytokines overexpression, possibly through a GR-dependent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	22-34	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	175-177
26084260-10	2015	They demonstrate that pioglitazone, in addition to its well-established effect on adipose tissue redistribution and adiponectin secretion, reverses programing-induced adipose GR, 11beta-HSD1, and proinflammatory cytokines overexpression, possibly through a GR-dependent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	22-34	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	179-190
26084260-10	2015	They demonstrate that pioglitazone, in addition to its well-established effect on adipose tissue redistribution and adiponectin secretion, reverses programing-induced adipose GR, 11beta-HSD1, and proinflammatory cytokines overexpression, possibly through a GR-dependent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	22-34	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	257-259
25307746-0	2015	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, inhibits growth and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma via blockade of the rage signaling.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	16-25
25307746-0	2015	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, inhibits growth and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma via blockade of the rage signaling.	Pioglitazone	0-12	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	118-122
25307746-1	2015	Pioglitazone (PGZ), a synthetic PPARgamma ligand, is known to have anti-tumor activity.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	32-41
25307746-1	2015	Pioglitazone (PGZ), a synthetic PPARgamma ligand, is known to have anti-tumor activity.	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	32-41
25307746-3	2015	We hypothesized that the pathological receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is involved in the PGZ anti-tumor process.	Pioglitazone	109-112	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	38-82
25307746-3	2015	We hypothesized that the pathological receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is involved in the PGZ anti-tumor process.	Pioglitazone	109-112	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	84-88
25307746-8	2015	Moreover, PGZ inhibited proliferative activity and invasive potential, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HCC cells resulting in increased expression of PPARgamma and decreased expression of RAGE, NF-kappaB, HMGB1, p38MAPK, Ki-67, MMP-2, and CyclinD1.	Pioglitazone	10-13	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	165-174
25307746-8	2015	Moreover, PGZ inhibited proliferative activity and invasive potential, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HCC cells resulting in increased expression of PPARgamma and decreased expression of RAGE, NF-kappaB, HMGB1, p38MAPK, Ki-67, MMP-2, and CyclinD1.	Pioglitazone	10-13	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	203-207
25307746-8	2015	Moreover, PGZ inhibited proliferative activity and invasive potential, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HCC cells resulting in increased expression of PPARgamma and decreased expression of RAGE, NF-kappaB, HMGB1, p38MAPK, Ki-67, MMP-2, and CyclinD1.	Pioglitazone	10-13	high mobility group box 1	Homo sapiens	220-225
25307746-8	2015	Moreover, PGZ inhibited proliferative activity and invasive potential, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HCC cells resulting in increased expression of PPARgamma and decreased expression of RAGE, NF-kappaB, HMGB1, p38MAPK, Ki-67, MMP-2, and CyclinD1.	Pioglitazone	10-13	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	243-248
25307746-8	2015	Moreover, PGZ inhibited proliferative activity and invasive potential, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HCC cells resulting in increased expression of PPARgamma and decreased expression of RAGE, NF-kappaB, HMGB1, p38MAPK, Ki-67, MMP-2, and CyclinD1.	Pioglitazone	10-13	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	254-262
25307746-9	2015	Furthermore, knockdown of RAGE or NF-kappaB by siRNA effectively suppressed cell proliferation and invasion, and mediated the inhibitory effects of PGZ in HCC cells.	Pioglitazone	148-151	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	26-30
25307746-11	2015	In addition, PGZ as a PPARgamma agonist may inhibit growth and invasion of HCC cells via blockade of the RAGE signaling.	Pioglitazone	13-16	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	22-31
25307746-11	2015	In addition, PGZ as a PPARgamma agonist may inhibit growth and invasion of HCC cells via blockade of the RAGE signaling.	Pioglitazone	13-16	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	105-109
26507929-0	2015	Pioglitazone Suppresses CXCR7 Expression To Inhibit Human Macrophage Chemotaxis through Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	atypical chemokine receptor 3	Homo sapiens	24-29
26507929-0	2015	Pioglitazone Suppresses CXCR7 Expression To Inhibit Human Macrophage Chemotaxis through Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	88-136
26507929-3	2015	In this study, we report that pioglitazone inhibits CXCR7 expression and thus blocks chemotaxis in differentiated macrophage without perturbing cell viability or macrophage differentiation.	Pioglitazone	30-42	atypical chemokine receptor 3	Homo sapiens	52-57
26507929-4	2015	In addition, pioglitazone-mediated CXCR7 suppression and chemotaxis inhibition occur via activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) but not PPARalpha in differentiated macrophage.	Pioglitazone	13-25	atypical chemokine receptor 3	Homo sapiens	35-40
26507929-4	2015	In addition, pioglitazone-mediated CXCR7 suppression and chemotaxis inhibition occur via activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) but not PPARalpha in differentiated macrophage.	Pioglitazone	13-25	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	100-148
26507929-4	2015	In addition, pioglitazone-mediated CXCR7 suppression and chemotaxis inhibition occur via activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) but not PPARalpha in differentiated macrophage.	Pioglitazone	13-25	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	150-159
26507929-5	2015	More importantly, pioglitazone therapy-induced PPARgamma activation suppresses CXCR7 expression in human carotid atherosclerotic lesions.	Pioglitazone	18-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	47-56
26507929-5	2015	More importantly, pioglitazone therapy-induced PPARgamma activation suppresses CXCR7 expression in human carotid atherosclerotic lesions.	Pioglitazone	18-30	atypical chemokine receptor 3	Homo sapiens	79-84
26507929-6	2015	Collectively, our data demonstrate that pioglitazone suppresses CXCR7 expression to inhibit human macrophage chemotaxis through PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	40-52	atypical chemokine receptor 3	Homo sapiens	64-69
26507929-6	2015	Collectively, our data demonstrate that pioglitazone suppresses CXCR7 expression to inhibit human macrophage chemotaxis through PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	40-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	128-137
26558146-11	2015	The majority of the experimental studies is on pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, which are PPARgamma activators.	Pioglitazone	47-59	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	89-98
26536032-7	2015	Immunostaining showed that renal expressions of PPARalpha and PPARgamma were reduced by cisplatin and restored to vehicle-treated values after simultaneous treatment with pioglitazone or fenofibrate.	Pioglitazone	171-183	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	48-57
26536032-7	2015	Immunostaining showed that renal expressions of PPARalpha and PPARgamma were reduced by cisplatin and restored to vehicle-treated values after simultaneous treatment with pioglitazone or fenofibrate.	Pioglitazone	171-183	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	62-71
26313905-19	2015	Pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist, induced M2 polarization and reduced postoperative adhesion formation without compromising anastomotic healing in mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	16-26
26658596-7	2015	RESULTS: Pioglitazone treatment resulted in a decrease in cardiomyocyte apoptosis as revealed by a decrease in cardiac caspase-3, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and DNA fragmentation, and an increase in Na+K+ATPase levels in diabetic rats.	Pioglitazone	9-21	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	119-128
25534548-1	2015	Pioglitazone, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist is an effective therapy for type 2 diabetes, but has been associated with increased risk for bone fracture.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	18-66
25534548-1	2015	Pioglitazone, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist is an effective therapy for type 2 diabetes, but has been associated with increased risk for bone fracture.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
29900709-14	2015	Pioglitazone is an extremely useful agent in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) through its actions on alleviating insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	127-134
26215435-0	2015	Continuation or discontinuation of pioglitazone when starting bedtime insulin in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes in an inner-city population.	Pioglitazone	35-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
26461088-1	2015	Recently, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients already responding to treatment showed improved molecular responses with pioglitazone, presumably through PPARgamma activation and CML stem cell eradication.	Pioglitazone	123-135	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	156-165
26336103-3	2015	Here we have shown that pioglitazone, a selective peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor-gamma agonist, along with Y-27632 synergistically diminished dissociation-induced apoptosis and increased cloning efficiency (2-3-fold versus Y-27632) without affecting pluripotency of hPSCs.	Pioglitazone	24-36	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	50-99
26336103-4	2015	Pioglitazone exerted its positive effect by inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3) activity and enhancement of membranous beta-catenin and E-cadherin proteins.	Pioglitazone	0-12	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	129-141
26336103-4	2015	Pioglitazone exerted its positive effect by inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3) activity and enhancement of membranous beta-catenin and E-cadherin proteins.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	146-156
26606013-16	2015	The CCI-induced marked increase of GFAP immunoexpression has been reduced to moderate with fluoxetine (40) and pioglitazone, and to mild with metformin and the combination groups.	Pioglitazone	111-123	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
26163452-3	2015	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, pioglitazone, is known to exert antiinflammatory and reno-protective effects in various kidney injuries.	Pioglitazone	62-74	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	4-52
26163452-9	2015	Pioglitazone treatment abrogated renal oxidative stress (decreased reduced glutathione and catalase activity and increased malondialdehyde), elevated serum cytokine (interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta1) and Fas induced by MTX.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	166-179
26163452-9	2015	Pioglitazone treatment abrogated renal oxidative stress (decreased reduced glutathione and catalase activity and increased malondialdehyde), elevated serum cytokine (interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta1) and Fas induced by MTX.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	181-261
26734659-4	2015	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma is an RXR binding partner that plays a key role in myeloid cell biology and is targeted by the thiazolidinedione group of antidiabetics such as pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	193-205	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-48
26734659-4	2015	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma is an RXR binding partner that plays a key role in myeloid cell biology and is targeted by the thiazolidinedione group of antidiabetics such as pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	193-205	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	55-58
26615372-13	2015	Suppression of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta could be another mechanism in pioglitazone-induced survival improving effect in septic mice.	Pioglitazone	68-80	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	15-24
26214341-9	2015	Though not statistically significant, there were trends toward improved alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and histopathologic grade of steatosis in subjects who received pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	167-179	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	72-96
26615372-13	2015	Suppression of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta could be another mechanism in pioglitazone-induced survival improving effect in septic mice.	Pioglitazone	68-80	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	29-37
25450818-0	2015	Comparative effects of metformin and pioglitazone on fetuin-A and osteoprotegerin concentrations in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes: A randomized clinical trial.	Pioglitazone	37-49	alpha 2-HS glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	53-61
25959529-11	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone in individuals with MetS induces a potent decrease in plasma ceramides, and some of the changes correlate with changes in insulin resistance and adiponectin levels.	Pioglitazone	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	148-155
25959529-11	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone in individuals with MetS induces a potent decrease in plasma ceramides, and some of the changes correlate with changes in insulin resistance and adiponectin levels.	Pioglitazone	13-25	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	171-182
25450818-0	2015	Comparative effects of metformin and pioglitazone on fetuin-A and osteoprotegerin concentrations in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes: A randomized clinical trial.	Pioglitazone	37-49	TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Homo sapiens	66-81
25450818-7	2015	Pioglitazone resulted in a significant reduction in both fetuin-A and OPG in men, but only fetuin-A in women.	Pioglitazone	0-12	alpha 2-HS glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	57-65
25450818-7	2015	Pioglitazone resulted in a significant reduction in both fetuin-A and OPG in men, but only fetuin-A in women.	Pioglitazone	0-12	TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Homo sapiens	70-73
25450818-10	2015	In men, pioglitazone more effectively decreased fetuin-A levels in both uni- (p=0.011) and multivariate models (p=0.015) and OPG levels in only uni- (p=0.023) but not the multivariate model (p=0.547).	Pioglitazone	8-20	alpha 2-HS glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	48-56
25450818-11	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Metformin and pioglitazone differentially affect fetuin-A and osteoprotegrin levels in diabetic women and men.	Pioglitazone	27-39	alpha 2-HS glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	62-70
26398383-9	2015	Pioglitazone exerted an anti-apoptotic effect as reflected by the reduction of the cytosolic cytochrome c and the key downstream executioner caspase-3.	Pioglitazone	0-12	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	141-150
26337971-7	2015	Pharmacological PPARgamma activation via pioglitazone was tested as a treatment option.	Pioglitazone	41-53	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	16-25
26288659-3	2015	Pioglitazone is recommended as a second-line therapy because of its strong antihyperglycemic effect and its ability to reduce insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	126-133
26336514-11	2015	CONCLUSIONS: We show for the first time that Pio treatment significantly suppresses the systemic inflammatory status in the BBDZR/Wor type 2 diabetes rat model by the selective growth of newly differentiated CD3(+) T cells and by increasing CD3(+)IL-4 production in immigrant spleen lymphocytes.	Pioglitazone	45-48	interleukin 4	Rattus norvegicus	247-251
26216600-6	2015	Results for hospitalisation for heart failure showed a similar trend, with elevated risk in the Australian data (ASR 1.88; 95 % CI 1.01-3.5 and ASR 1.25; 95 % CI 0.76-2.05 for pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, respectively), while no increased risk was found in the pooled results for the Asian populations.	Pioglitazone	176-188	FAU ubiquitin like and ribosomal protein S30 fusion	Homo sapiens	144-149
26254513-0	2015	Effect of low dose pioglitazone on glycemic control and insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double blind, clinical trial.	Pioglitazone	19-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	56-63
26210873-8	2015	Finally, the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone increased the expression of PGC-1alpha (a mitochondrial biogenesis master regulator), UCP2 (a mitochondrial protein known to reduce ROS production), and cytochrome oxidase subunit COX1.	Pioglitazone	32-44	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	13-23
26210873-8	2015	Finally, the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone increased the expression of PGC-1alpha (a mitochondrial biogenesis master regulator), UCP2 (a mitochondrial protein known to reduce ROS production), and cytochrome oxidase subunit COX1.	Pioglitazone	32-44	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	73-83
26210873-8	2015	Finally, the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone increased the expression of PGC-1alpha (a mitochondrial biogenesis master regulator), UCP2 (a mitochondrial protein known to reduce ROS production), and cytochrome oxidase subunit COX1.	Pioglitazone	32-44	uncoupling protein 2	Homo sapiens	131-135
26210873-8	2015	Finally, the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone increased the expression of PGC-1alpha (a mitochondrial biogenesis master regulator), UCP2 (a mitochondrial protein known to reduce ROS production), and cytochrome oxidase subunit COX1.	Pioglitazone	32-44	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I	Homo sapiens	225-229
25572340-10	2015	Pioglitazone hampered SSAO activity only when tested at 1 mM while rosiglitazone was inefficient.	Pioglitazone	0-12	amine oxidase copper containing 3	Homo sapiens	22-26
26163517-6	2015	We found that the LXR agonist GW3965 and the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone were individually able to increase the levels of apoE and related genes, decrease the expression of proinflammatory genes, and facilitate Abeta decreases in the hippocampus.	Pioglitazone	63-75	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	45-54
26163517-6	2015	We found that the LXR agonist GW3965 and the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone were individually able to increase the levels of apoE and related genes, decrease the expression of proinflammatory genes, and facilitate Abeta decreases in the hippocampus.	Pioglitazone	63-75	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	125-129
26163517-6	2015	We found that the LXR agonist GW3965 and the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone were individually able to increase the levels of apoE and related genes, decrease the expression of proinflammatory genes, and facilitate Abeta decreases in the hippocampus.	Pioglitazone	63-75	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	214-219
26543510-5	2015	OBJECTIVE: The goal of our study was to test whether the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone has prominent early metabolic effects that can be detected in an obese, nondiabetic, insulin-resistant population.	Pioglitazone	75-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	173-180
26543510-12	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Significant changes in insulin action across multiple insulin-sensitive tissues can be detected within 2 weeks of initiation of insulin-sensitizing therapy with pioglitazone in obese patients with nondiabetic insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	174-186	insulin	Homo sapiens	36-43
26543510-12	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Significant changes in insulin action across multiple insulin-sensitive tissues can be detected within 2 weeks of initiation of insulin-sensitizing therapy with pioglitazone in obese patients with nondiabetic insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	174-186	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
26543510-12	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Significant changes in insulin action across multiple insulin-sensitive tissues can be detected within 2 weeks of initiation of insulin-sensitizing therapy with pioglitazone in obese patients with nondiabetic insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	174-186	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
26003726-7	2015	Moreover, study indicated that PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone can promote alternative splicing of REST pre-mRNA.	Pioglitazone	49-61	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	31-40
26195223-2	2015	In the present study, gemfibrozil preincubation time-dependently inhibited the metabolism of pioglitazone in the cytochrome P450 (CYP)- and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)-activated human liver microsomes.	Pioglitazone	93-105	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A complex locus	Homo sapiens	140-167
26195223-2	2015	In the present study, gemfibrozil preincubation time-dependently inhibited the metabolism of pioglitazone in the cytochrome P450 (CYP)- and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)-activated human liver microsomes.	Pioglitazone	93-105	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A complex locus	Homo sapiens	169-172
26101342-4	2015	Sprague-Dawley rats received a 2-week subcutaneous infusion of angiotensin II (120 ng/kg per minute) combined with a continuous intracerebroventricular infusion of vehicle, the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone (3 nmol/h) or the PPAR-gamma antagonist GW9662 (7 nmol/h).	Pioglitazone	196-208	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	177-187
26101342-9	2015	These responses to angiotensin II were exacerbated by GW9662 and ameliorated by pioglitazone, which increased PPAR-gamma mRNA and PPAR-gamma DNA-binding activity in subfornical organ and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.	Pioglitazone	80-92	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	19-33
26101342-9	2015	These responses to angiotensin II were exacerbated by GW9662 and ameliorated by pioglitazone, which increased PPAR-gamma mRNA and PPAR-gamma DNA-binding activity in subfornical organ and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.	Pioglitazone	80-92	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
26101342-9	2015	These responses to angiotensin II were exacerbated by GW9662 and ameliorated by pioglitazone, which increased PPAR-gamma mRNA and PPAR-gamma DNA-binding activity in subfornical organ and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.	Pioglitazone	80-92	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
26072064-8	2015	Dual treatment of pioglitazone and eplerenone demonstrated synergistic effect on reducing ICAM-1 and IL-6 expression and alleviating NF-kappaB activation when compared with their monotherapies in TNF-alpha activated renal tubular cells.	Pioglitazone	18-30	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	90-96
26072064-8	2015	Dual treatment of pioglitazone and eplerenone demonstrated synergistic effect on reducing ICAM-1 and IL-6 expression and alleviating NF-kappaB activation when compared with their monotherapies in TNF-alpha activated renal tubular cells.	Pioglitazone	18-30	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	101-105
26072064-8	2015	Dual treatment of pioglitazone and eplerenone demonstrated synergistic effect on reducing ICAM-1 and IL-6 expression and alleviating NF-kappaB activation when compared with their monotherapies in TNF-alpha activated renal tubular cells.	Pioglitazone	18-30	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	133-142
26072064-8	2015	Dual treatment of pioglitazone and eplerenone demonstrated synergistic effect on reducing ICAM-1 and IL-6 expression and alleviating NF-kappaB activation when compared with their monotherapies in TNF-alpha activated renal tubular cells.	Pioglitazone	18-30	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	196-205
26072064-9	2015	PPAR-gamma antagonist, GW9662, significantly attenuated protective effect on ICAM-1, IL-6 and PPAR-gamma expression by pioglitazone, eplerenone and their combined treatment.	Pioglitazone	119-131	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-10
26072064-9	2015	PPAR-gamma antagonist, GW9662, significantly attenuated protective effect on ICAM-1, IL-6 and PPAR-gamma expression by pioglitazone, eplerenone and their combined treatment.	Pioglitazone	119-131	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	77-83
26072064-9	2015	PPAR-gamma antagonist, GW9662, significantly attenuated protective effect on ICAM-1, IL-6 and PPAR-gamma expression by pioglitazone, eplerenone and their combined treatment.	Pioglitazone	119-131	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	85-89
26072064-9	2015	PPAR-gamma antagonist, GW9662, significantly attenuated protective effect on ICAM-1, IL-6 and PPAR-gamma expression by pioglitazone, eplerenone and their combined treatment.	Pioglitazone	119-131	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	94-104
26072064-10	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that pioglitazone, in a PPAR-gamma-dependent manner, trans-represses MR signaling by suppressing NF-kappaB activation.	Pioglitazone	35-47	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	54-64
26072064-10	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that pioglitazone, in a PPAR-gamma-dependent manner, trans-represses MR signaling by suppressing NF-kappaB activation.	Pioglitazone	35-47	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	127-136
26072064-12	2015	Dual treatment of pioglitazone and eplerenone present better efficacy in attenuating excessive inflammatory response in activated renal tubular cells under stimulation of TNF-alpha than single treatment.	Pioglitazone	18-30	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	171-180
26557974-6	2015	RESULTS: The experimental NASH rats treated with pioglitazone showed significant decrease in the levels of hyaluronic acid and significant increase in adiponectin levels when compared to experimentally induced NASH group, but did not show any effect on the levels of leptin.	Pioglitazone	49-61	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	151-162
26557974-6	2015	RESULTS: The experimental NASH rats treated with pioglitazone showed significant decrease in the levels of hyaluronic acid and significant increase in adiponectin levels when compared to experimentally induced NASH group, but did not show any effect on the levels of leptin.	Pioglitazone	49-61	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	267-273
25891824-2	2015	The present study investigated the effect of the PPAR-gamma agonist, pioglitazone, on the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in a rat model of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced status epilepticus (SE).	Pioglitazone	69-81	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	49-59
25891824-2	2015	The present study investigated the effect of the PPAR-gamma agonist, pioglitazone, on the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in a rat model of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced status epilepticus (SE).	Pioglitazone	69-81	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	90-119
25891824-2	2015	The present study investigated the effect of the PPAR-gamma agonist, pioglitazone, on the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in a rat model of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced status epilepticus (SE).	Pioglitazone	69-81	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	121-125
25891824-5	2015	Subsequently, pioglitazone was administrated intragastrically to investigate its effect on the mTOR signaling pathway, through western blot and immunochemical analyses.	Pioglitazone	14-26	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	95-99
25891824-8	2015	Compared with the vehicle treated-SE group, pretreatment with pioglitazone was associated with the loss of fewer neurons, lower levels of IL-1beta and IL-6, and inhibition of the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	62-74	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	138-146
25891824-8	2015	Compared with the vehicle treated-SE group, pretreatment with pioglitazone was associated with the loss of fewer neurons, lower levels of IL-1beta and IL-6, and inhibition of the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	62-74	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	151-155
25891824-8	2015	Compared with the vehicle treated-SE group, pretreatment with pioglitazone was associated with the loss of fewer neurons, lower levels of IL-1beta and IL-6, and inhibition of the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	62-74	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	197-201
25891824-9	2015	Therefore, the mTOR signaling pathway was activated in the PTZ-induced SE rat model, and the PPAR-gamma agonist, pioglitazone, had a neuroprotective effect, by inhibiting activation of the mTOR pathway and preventing the increase in the levels of IL-1beta and IL-6.	Pioglitazone	113-125	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	15-19
25891824-9	2015	Therefore, the mTOR signaling pathway was activated in the PTZ-induced SE rat model, and the PPAR-gamma agonist, pioglitazone, had a neuroprotective effect, by inhibiting activation of the mTOR pathway and preventing the increase in the levels of IL-1beta and IL-6.	Pioglitazone	113-125	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
25891824-9	2015	Therefore, the mTOR signaling pathway was activated in the PTZ-induced SE rat model, and the PPAR-gamma agonist, pioglitazone, had a neuroprotective effect, by inhibiting activation of the mTOR pathway and preventing the increase in the levels of IL-1beta and IL-6.	Pioglitazone	113-125	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	189-193
25891824-9	2015	Therefore, the mTOR signaling pathway was activated in the PTZ-induced SE rat model, and the PPAR-gamma agonist, pioglitazone, had a neuroprotective effect, by inhibiting activation of the mTOR pathway and preventing the increase in the levels of IL-1beta and IL-6.	Pioglitazone	113-125	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	247-255
25891824-9	2015	Therefore, the mTOR signaling pathway was activated in the PTZ-induced SE rat model, and the PPAR-gamma agonist, pioglitazone, had a neuroprotective effect, by inhibiting activation of the mTOR pathway and preventing the increase in the levels of IL-1beta and IL-6.	Pioglitazone	113-125	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	260-264
25734377-1	2015	Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) full agonists that have been widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	53-65	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	71-119
25734377-1	2015	Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) full agonists that have been widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	53-65	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	121-130
26186541-6	2015	Because of the delayed upregulation of CB2R and IBA1, we next treated animals daily with CB2R agonist AM1241 or anti-inflammatory PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone from 2 to 5 days after MCAo.	Pioglitazone	149-161	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
26186541-9	2015	Pioglitazone, but not AM1241, significantly reduced IBA1 expression in the stroke cortex, suggesting that delayed treatment with AM1241 failed to alter ischemia-mediated IBA-1 upregulation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	allograft inflammatory factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
26394827-2	2015	The aim of this study was to explore the effects of oral administration of the pioglitazone, the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, on the morphine-induced neuroinflammation in the lumbar region of the male Wistar rat spinal cord.	Pioglitazone	79-91	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	97-145
26394827-2	2015	The aim of this study was to explore the effects of oral administration of the pioglitazone, the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, on the morphine-induced neuroinflammation in the lumbar region of the male Wistar rat spinal cord.	Pioglitazone	79-91	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	147-157
26394827-3	2015	RESULTS: Co-administration of the pioglitazone with morphine not only attenuated morphine-induced tolerance, but also prevented the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin 6) and nuclear factor-kappa B activity.	Pioglitazone	34-46	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	177-204
26394827-3	2015	RESULTS: Co-administration of the pioglitazone with morphine not only attenuated morphine-induced tolerance, but also prevented the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin 6) and nuclear factor-kappa B activity.	Pioglitazone	34-46	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	206-223
26394827-3	2015	RESULTS: Co-administration of the pioglitazone with morphine not only attenuated morphine-induced tolerance, but also prevented the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin 6) and nuclear factor-kappa B activity.	Pioglitazone	34-46	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	229-242
26105582-1	2015	AIMS: The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of fenofibrate alone and in combination with pioglitazone on serum sirtuin 1 and fetuin A of obese patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).	Pioglitazone	109-121	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	131-140
26105582-8	2015	Fenofibrate, alone and in combination with pioglitazone, significantly decreased triacylglycerol, hs-CRP, IL-6, fetuin A and increased sirtuin 1 levels (P&lt;0.001) which suggests that it can be used to delay the complications of obesity and T2DM.	Pioglitazone	43-55	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	106-110
26105582-8	2015	Fenofibrate, alone and in combination with pioglitazone, significantly decreased triacylglycerol, hs-CRP, IL-6, fetuin A and increased sirtuin 1 levels (P&lt;0.001) which suggests that it can be used to delay the complications of obesity and T2DM.	Pioglitazone	43-55	alpha 2-HS glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	112-120
26105582-8	2015	Fenofibrate, alone and in combination with pioglitazone, significantly decreased triacylglycerol, hs-CRP, IL-6, fetuin A and increased sirtuin 1 levels (P&lt;0.001) which suggests that it can be used to delay the complications of obesity and T2DM.	Pioglitazone	43-55	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	135-144
26011171-5	2015	RESULTS: DSP-8658 reduced the expression of PPARgamma-target gene 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 with an EC50 value 2.1-fold that of pioglitazone and 28.4-fold that of rosiglitazone.	Pioglitazone	146-158	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	44-53
26011171-6	2015	On the other hand, DSP-8658 increased the expression of fatty acid binding protein 4 and glycerol kinase genes with EC50 values 33-fold and &gt;15-fold those of pioglitazone and 163-fold and &gt;38-fold those of rosiglitazone, respectively.	Pioglitazone	161-173	fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte	Mus musculus	56-84
26046374-0	2015	The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone increases functional expression of the glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) in human glioblastoma cells.	Pioglitazone	61-73	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-52
26046374-0	2015	The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone increases functional expression of the glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) in human glioblastoma cells.	Pioglitazone	61-73	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Homo sapiens	135-170
26046374-0	2015	The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone increases functional expression of the glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) in human glioblastoma cells.	Pioglitazone	61-73	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Homo sapiens	172-177
26046374-4	2015	We investigated the role of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone in modulating EAAT2 expression in glioma cells.	Pioglitazone	101-113	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Homo sapiens	128-133
26046374-7	2015	The PPARgamma antagonist GW9662 inhibited the effect of pioglitazone on extracellular glutamate levels, indicating PPARgamma dependence.	Pioglitazone	56-68	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-13
26046374-7	2015	The PPARgamma antagonist GW9662 inhibited the effect of pioglitazone on extracellular glutamate levels, indicating PPARgamma dependence.	Pioglitazone	56-68	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	115-124
26091518-2	2015	We have previously reported that the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (PIO) enhances, in-vitro, the cytotoxic effect of the Histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), valproic acid (VPA), on multiple myeloma cells.	Pioglitazone	55-67	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	37-46
25916724-4	2015	Aneurysms were induced with a combination of systemic infusion of angiotensin-II and local injection of elastase in (1) mice that received the PPARgamma antagonist GW9662 or the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone, (2) mice carrying dominant-negative PPARgamma mutations in endothelial or smooth muscle cells, and (3) mice that received the Cullin inhibitor MLN4924.	Pioglitazone	196-208	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	178-187
25916724-4	2015	Aneurysms were induced with a combination of systemic infusion of angiotensin-II and local injection of elastase in (1) mice that received the PPARgamma antagonist GW9662 or the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone, (2) mice carrying dominant-negative PPARgamma mutations in endothelial or smooth muscle cells, and (3) mice that received the Cullin inhibitor MLN4924.	Pioglitazone	196-208	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	178-187
25854775-0	2015	Modulation of the Nitrergic Pathway via Activation of PPAR-gamma Contributes to the Neuroprotective Effect of Pioglitazone Against Streptozotocin-Induced Memory Dysfunction.	Pioglitazone	110-122	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
26061913-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Clinical trials have shown that treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes with pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma agonist, reduces cardiovascular events.	Pioglitazone	92-104	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	152-162
26061913-6	2015	Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone reduced palmitate-induced phosphorylation of PERK, a marker of ER stress, in RAW264.7, a murine macrophage cell line.	Pioglitazone	0-12	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3	Mus musculus	76-80
26061913-7	2015	Pioglitazone also suppressed palmitate-induced apoptosis in association with inhibition of CHOP expression, JNK phosphorylation and cleavage of caspase-3.	Pioglitazone	0-12	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Mus musculus	91-95
26061913-7	2015	Pioglitazone also suppressed palmitate-induced apoptosis in association with inhibition of CHOP expression, JNK phosphorylation and cleavage of caspase-3.	Pioglitazone	0-12	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	108-111
26061913-7	2015	Pioglitazone also suppressed palmitate-induced apoptosis in association with inhibition of CHOP expression, JNK phosphorylation and cleavage of caspase-3.	Pioglitazone	0-12	caspase 3	Mus musculus	144-153
26061913-8	2015	These effects of pioglitazone were reversed by GW9662, a PPARgamma antagonist, indicating that PPARgamma is involved in this process.	Pioglitazone	17-29	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	57-66
26061913-8	2015	These effects of pioglitazone were reversed by GW9662, a PPARgamma antagonist, indicating that PPARgamma is involved in this process.	Pioglitazone	17-29	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	95-104
26061913-10	2015	4-(2-Chlorophenoxy)-N-(3-(3-methylcarbamoyl)phenyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide, an inhibitor of SCD-1, abolished the anti-ER stress and anti-apoptotic effects of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	159-171	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	93-98
25579788-0	2015	A single dose of PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone reduces cortical oxidative damage and microglial reaction following lateral fluid percussion brain injury in rats.	Pioglitazone	35-47	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	17-26
25579788-9	2015	Although a certain degree of the TBI-induced COX-2 overexpression, neurodegeneration and edema decrease was detected in pioglitazone treated rats, it was not significant.	Pioglitazone	120-132	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	45-50
25900064-6	2015	PPAR-gamma gene expression was significantly increased by compound 5m (2.00-fold) in comparison to the standard drugs pioglitazone (1.5-fold) and rosiglitazone (1.0-fold).	Pioglitazone	118-130	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
25825053-8	2015	Serum MMP-9 and hsCRP were lower in the pioglitazone group compared to the atherosclerosis group.	Pioglitazone	40-52	matrix metalloproteinase-9	Oryctolagus cuniculus	6-11
26091518-2	2015	We have previously reported that the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (PIO) enhances, in-vitro, the cytotoxic effect of the Histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), valproic acid (VPA), on multiple myeloma cells.	Pioglitazone	69-72	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	37-46
25708949-9	2015	Rats treated with boswellic acids (125 or 250 mg/kg) or pioglitazone showed improved insulin sensitivity and a reduction in liver index, activities of liver enzymes, serum TNF-alpha and IL-6 as well as hepatic iNOS expression and HNE formation compared to HFD group.	Pioglitazone	56-68	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	172-181
25708949-9	2015	Rats treated with boswellic acids (125 or 250 mg/kg) or pioglitazone showed improved insulin sensitivity and a reduction in liver index, activities of liver enzymes, serum TNF-alpha and IL-6 as well as hepatic iNOS expression and HNE formation compared to HFD group.	Pioglitazone	56-68	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	186-190
25708949-9	2015	Rats treated with boswellic acids (125 or 250 mg/kg) or pioglitazone showed improved insulin sensitivity and a reduction in liver index, activities of liver enzymes, serum TNF-alpha and IL-6 as well as hepatic iNOS expression and HNE formation compared to HFD group.	Pioglitazone	56-68	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	210-214
25931465-4	2015	RESULTS: A PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, significantly reduced the incidence of ruptured aneurysms and the rupture rate without affecting the total incidence aneurysm (unruptured aneurysms and ruptured aneurysms).	Pioglitazone	30-42	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	11-20
25931465-5	2015	PPARgamma antagonist (GW9662) abolished the protective effect of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	65-77	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-9
25931465-6	2015	The protective effect of pioglitazone was absent in mice lacking macrophage PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	25-37	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	76-85
25931465-7	2015	Pioglitazone treatment reduced the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines (monocyte chemoattractant factor-1, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6) that are primarily produced by macrophages in the cerebral arteries.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	128-141
26035752-1	2015	Pioglitazone, a selective ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), is an insulin sensitizer drug that is being used in a number of insulin-resistant conditions, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	36-84
26035752-1	2015	Pioglitazone, a selective ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), is an insulin sensitizer drug that is being used in a number of insulin-resistant conditions, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	86-95
26024533-6	2015	PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone could inhibit the effects of AGEs-induced inflammatory response and PPARgamma down-regulation.	Pioglitazone	18-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
26035752-3	2015	In the present study, we determined the effect of chronic pioglitazone treatment on hepatic gene expression profile in diet-induced obesity (DIO) C57BL/6J mice in order to understand the mechanisms of NAFLD induced by PPARgamma agonists.	Pioglitazone	58-70	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	218-227
26024533-6	2015	PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone could inhibit the effects of AGEs-induced inflammatory response and PPARgamma down-regulation.	Pioglitazone	18-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	99-108
25645953-1	2015	The human mitochondrial outer membrane protein mitoNEET is a newly discovered target of the type 2 diabetes drug pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	113-125	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	47-55
26024533-7	2015	In human chondrocytes, AGEs could induce cytosol IkappaBalpha degradation and increase the level of nuclear NF-kappaB p65, which was inhibited by PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	164-176	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	49-61
26024533-7	2015	In human chondrocytes, AGEs could induce cytosol IkappaBalpha degradation and increase the level of nuclear NF-kappaB p65, which was inhibited by PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	164-176	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	108-117
26024533-7	2015	In human chondrocytes, AGEs could induce cytosol IkappaBalpha degradation and increase the level of nuclear NF-kappaB p65, which was inhibited by PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	164-176	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	118-121
26024533-7	2015	In human chondrocytes, AGEs could induce cytosol IkappaBalpha degradation and increase the level of nuclear NF-kappaB p65, which was inhibited by PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	164-176	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	146-155
26024533-8	2015	CONCLUSIONS: In primary human chondrocytes, AGEs could down-regulate PPARgamma expression and increase the inflammatory mediators, which could be reversed by PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	176-188	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	69-78
26024533-8	2015	CONCLUSIONS: In primary human chondrocytes, AGEs could down-regulate PPARgamma expression and increase the inflammatory mediators, which could be reversed by PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	176-188	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	158-167
25772146-2	2015	In this study, we examined the role of pioglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, in gut barrier failure during experimental peritonitis in rats.	Pioglitazone	39-51	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	67-115
25954816-0	2015	Pioglitazone increases whole body insulin sensitivity in obese, insulin-resistant rhesus monkeys.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Macaca mulatta	34-41
25954816-0	2015	Pioglitazone increases whole body insulin sensitivity in obese, insulin-resistant rhesus monkeys.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Macaca mulatta	64-71
25954816-6	2015	Next, dysmetabolic NHPs were treated for 28 days with pioglitazone (3 mg/kg) and again had their insulin sensitivity assessed, illustrating a significant improvement in hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	192-199
25954816-9	2015	We have also demonstrated that insulin-resistant, dysmetabolic NHPs respond to the established insulin sensitizer, pioglitazone, thus confirming their use as an ideal pre-clinical translational model to assess insulin sensitizing compounds.	Pioglitazone	115-127	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-38
25954816-9	2015	We have also demonstrated that insulin-resistant, dysmetabolic NHPs respond to the established insulin sensitizer, pioglitazone, thus confirming their use as an ideal pre-clinical translational model to assess insulin sensitizing compounds.	Pioglitazone	115-127	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
25940287-12	2015	The expression of SIRT1 mRNA and protein markedly increased in rhein treatment groups and pioglitazone treatment group compared with diabetic group.	Pioglitazone	90-102	sirtuin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-23
25954816-9	2015	We have also demonstrated that insulin-resistant, dysmetabolic NHPs respond to the established insulin sensitizer, pioglitazone, thus confirming their use as an ideal pre-clinical translational model to assess insulin sensitizing compounds.	Pioglitazone	115-127	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
25749778-2	2015	A novel PPAR-gamma ligand, KR62980 have been recently focused on due to the lower undesirable effects than other PPAR-gamma ligands such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	158-170	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	8-18
25801003-3	2015	The aim of this study was to determine the impact of activation of PPARgamma and increased incretin action via dipeptidyl-peptidase inhibition using pioglitazone and/or alogliptin, respectively, on islet lipid metabolism in prediabetic and diabetic ZDF rats.	Pioglitazone	149-161	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	67-76
25995825-1	2015	Pioglitazone (PGZ), a synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, is known to regulate inflammatory process and to have neuroprotective effects against neurological disorders.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	32-80
25995825-1	2015	Pioglitazone (PGZ), a synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, is known to regulate inflammatory process and to have neuroprotective effects against neurological disorders.	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	32-80
25995825-5	2015	In addition, MPO and NFkappaB immunoreactivities in the glial cells were also decreased in the PGZ-treated group.	Pioglitazone	95-98	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	13-16
25995825-5	2015	In addition, MPO and NFkappaB immunoreactivities in the glial cells were also decreased in the PGZ-treated group.	Pioglitazone	95-98	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	21-29
25611692-0	2015	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone ameliorates white matter lesion and cognitive impairment in hypertensive rats.	Pioglitazone	57-69	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	0-48
25611692-3	2015	We investigated whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone, with properties of vascular protection and antiinflammation, exerts beneficial effect in hypertensive WML rats.	Pioglitazone	81-93	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	24-72
25611692-12	2015	Pioglitazone decreased the proliferation of microglia and astrocyte and lowered the expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in the white matter.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	124-132
25611692-12	2015	Pioglitazone decreased the proliferation of microglia and astrocyte and lowered the expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in the white matter.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	137-146
25607338-3	2015	In this study, the authors aimed to compare the anti-inflammatory properties of pioglitazone and metformin, with respect to their effect on serum concentrations of highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	80-92	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	181-199
25607338-9	2015	A greater reduction in log-ICAM levels was identifiable in men receiving pioglitazone compared to the other arm (p=0.008); in addition, the same trend was observed in log-OPG values (p=0.029).	Pioglitazone	73-85	TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Homo sapiens	171-174
25607338-11	2015	A significant increase in adiponectin was observed in both men and women in the pioglitazone arm (p&lt;0.001), whereas changes were non-significant in the metformin arm.	Pioglitazone	80-92	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	26-37
24519403-3	2015	This VH-IVUS study (intravascular ultrasonography with virtual histology) was performed to assess the potential anti-atherogenic effect of the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone in non-diabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	161-173	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	143-152
25468829-5	2015	Weight loss, aerobic exercise, metformin and pioglitazone have each been shown to be effective for reducing FetA level.	Pioglitazone	45-57	alpha 2-HS glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	108-112
25603459-1	2015	OBJECTIVE: The objective was to test the clinical utility of Quantose M(Q) to monitor changes in insulin sensitivity after pioglitazone therapy in prediabetic subjects.	Pioglitazone	123-135	insulin	Homo sapiens	97-104
25603459-9	2015	CONCLUSIONS: In IGT subjects, Quantose M(Q) parallels changes in insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance with pioglitazone therapy.	Pioglitazone	112-124	insulin	Homo sapiens	65-72
25894680-0	2015	Differential Effects of Pioglitazone in the Hippocampal CA1 Region Following Transient Forebrain Ischemia in Low- and High-Fat Diet-Fed Gerbils.	Pioglitazone	24-36	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	56-59
25894680-0	2015	Differential Effects of Pioglitazone in the Hippocampal CA1 Region Following Transient Forebrain Ischemia in Low- and High-Fat Diet-Fed Gerbils.	Pioglitazone	24-36	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	123-126
25894680-1	2015	In the present study, we investigated the effects of pioglitazone (PGZ) in the hippocampal CA1 region of low- or high-fat diet (LFD or HFD) fed gerbils after transient forebrain ischemia.	Pioglitazone	67-70	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	91-94
25894680-6	2015	Administration of PGZ ameliorated ischemia-induced neuronal death and microglial activation in the hippocampal CA1 region 4 days after ischemia/reperfusion in the LFD-fed gerbils, but not in the HFD-gerbils.	Pioglitazone	18-21	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	111-114
25894680-8	2015	PGZ treatment significantly ameliorated the increase of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels in LFD-fed gerbils, not in the HFD-fed gerbils.	Pioglitazone	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	56-65
25894680-8	2015	PGZ treatment significantly ameliorated the increase of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels in LFD-fed gerbils, not in the HFD-fed gerbils.	Pioglitazone	0-3	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	70-78
25894680-11	2015	These results suggest that PGZ ameliorates the neuronal damage induced by ischemia by maintaining the TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, SOD and MDA levels in LFD-fed gerbils.	Pioglitazone	27-30	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	102-111
25894680-11	2015	These results suggest that PGZ ameliorates the neuronal damage induced by ischemia by maintaining the TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, SOD and MDA levels in LFD-fed gerbils.	Pioglitazone	27-30	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	113-121
25897968-9	2015	Conversely, the E-selectin (p &lt; 0.01) lowering effect only existed in the pioglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	77-89	selectin E	Homo sapiens	16-26
25897968-10	2015	Further, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone treatment reduced serum hsCRP and MCP-1 but had no marked effects on MMP-9, IL-6 and ICAM-1.	Pioglitazone	27-39	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	74-79
25875370-0	2015	Anti-diabetes drug pioglitazone ameliorates synaptic defects in AD transgenic mice by inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinase5 activity.	Pioglitazone	19-31	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Mus musculus	97-121
25875370-5	2015	Interestingly, we found that the anti-diabetes drug pioglitazone could inhibit Cdk5 activity by decreasing p35 protein level.	Pioglitazone	52-64	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Mus musculus	79-83
25875370-5	2015	Interestingly, we found that the anti-diabetes drug pioglitazone could inhibit Cdk5 activity by decreasing p35 protein level.	Pioglitazone	52-64	cyclin-dependent kinase 5, regulatory subunit 1 (p35)	Mus musculus	107-110
24838579-2	2015	In the past, specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma-agonists, such as pioglitazone, have been tested with limited success to improve AD pathology.	Pioglitazone	95-107	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	66-70
25964889-0	2015	Effect of pioglitazone therapy on high sensitive C-reactive protein and lipid profile in diabetic patients with renal transplantation; a randomize clinical trial.	Pioglitazone	10-22	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	49-67
25964889-2	2015	OBJECTIVES: This study designed for evaluating the efficacy of pioglitazone on C-reactive protein and lipid profile in diabetic kidney transplant receivers.	Pioglitazone	63-75	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	79-97
25523934-0	2015	Pioglitazone inhibits high glucose-induced expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products in coronary artery smooth muscle cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	57-101
25523934-2	2015	The mechanism underlying the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (PIO) on RAGE expression in coronary artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs) stimulated by high glucose concentrations remains to be elucidated.	Pioglitazone	108-120	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	39-87
25523934-2	2015	The mechanism underlying the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (PIO) on RAGE expression in coronary artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs) stimulated by high glucose concentrations remains to be elucidated.	Pioglitazone	108-120	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	89-98
25523934-2	2015	The mechanism underlying the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (PIO) on RAGE expression in coronary artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs) stimulated by high glucose concentrations remains to be elucidated.	Pioglitazone	108-120	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	130-134
25432537-6	2015	Testing additional models of ALS, we find that pioglitazone is also neuroprotective when FUS, but not SOD1, is expressed in motor neurons.	Pioglitazone	47-59	fusilli	Drosophila melanogaster	89-92
25712322-3	2015	Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma antidiabetic agent with antiproliferative effects on smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	18-66
25807446-14	2015	Gene expression of PPAR-gamma, adiponectin, LPL and C/EBP-alpha from cachectic rats was upregulated after PGZ.	Pioglitazone	106-109	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
25807446-14	2015	Gene expression of PPAR-gamma, adiponectin, LPL and C/EBP-alpha from cachectic rats was upregulated after PGZ.	Pioglitazone	106-109	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	31-42
25807446-14	2015	Gene expression of PPAR-gamma, adiponectin, LPL and C/EBP-alpha from cachectic rats was upregulated after PGZ.	Pioglitazone	106-109	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
25807446-14	2015	Gene expression of PPAR-gamma, adiponectin, LPL and C/EBP-alpha from cachectic rats was upregulated after PGZ.	Pioglitazone	106-109	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha	Rattus norvegicus	52-63
25432537-6	2015	Testing additional models of ALS, we find that pioglitazone is also neuroprotective when FUS, but not SOD1, is expressed in motor neurons.	Pioglitazone	47-59	Superoxide dismutase 1	Drosophila melanogaster	102-106
25432537-9	2015	Finally, using a global metabolomic approach, we identify a set of metabolites that pioglitazone can restore in the context of TDP-43 expression in motor neurons.	Pioglitazone	84-96	TAR DNA-binding protein-43 homolog	Drosophila melanogaster	127-133
25760794-3	2015	In this study, we demonstrate that the inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) significantly increases brain penetration of pioglitazone, whereas inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) has little effect.	Pioglitazone	120-132	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	53-67
26064395-7	2015	JLD or pioglitazone administration ameliorated fasting plasma levels of glucose, insulin, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), ALT, AST and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) (P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	7-19	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
25760794-3	2015	In this study, we demonstrate that the inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) significantly increases brain penetration of pioglitazone, whereas inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) has little effect.	Pioglitazone	120-132	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	69-73
25760794-8	2015	These results suggest that P-gp may act as a stereoselective barrier to prevent pioglitazone entry into the brain.	Pioglitazone	80-92	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	27-31
25703036-6	2015	Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist that exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and is neuroprotective.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	18-73
25756178-6	2015	In subcutaneous human WAT samples from two cohorts treated with pioglitazone (&gt;11 wks), SNCG mRNA expression was reduced, albeit highly variable and most evident in type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	64-76	synuclein gamma	Homo sapiens	91-95
25448777-4	2015	Pretreatment with pioglitazone, as a PPARgamma agonist, potentiated the anticonvulsant effects of WIN, while PPARgamma antagonist inhibited these anticonvulsant effects partially.	Pioglitazone	18-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	37-46
25703036-13	2015	Further, the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone blocked these effects.	Pioglitazone	70-82	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	51-61
24504689-2	2015	PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of the acute administration of pioglitazone, a selective agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors gamma (PPAR-gamma), on the morphine withdrawal syndrome in the rat.	Pioglitazone	104-116	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	141-190
24504689-2	2015	PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of the acute administration of pioglitazone, a selective agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors gamma (PPAR-gamma), on the morphine withdrawal syndrome in the rat.	Pioglitazone	104-116	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	192-202
24504689-9	2015	It seems that pioglitazone suppresses morphine withdrawal syndrome through PPAR-gamma independent mechanisms.	Pioglitazone	14-26	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
25425451-7	2015	CONCLUSION: The results of this exploratory study show that combination therapy with metformin/pioglitazone/exenatide in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM is more effective and results in fewer hypoglycaemic events than sequential add-on therapy with metformin, sulfonylurea and then basal insulin.	Pioglitazone	95-107	insulin	Homo sapiens	291-298
25294945-6	2015	Four weeks of therapy with CD44 mAb suppressed visceral adipose tissue inflammation compared with controls and reduced fasting blood glucose levels, weight gain, liver steatosis, and insulin resistance to levels comparable to or better than therapy with the drugs metformin and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	278-290	CD44 antigen	Mus musculus	27-31
25311134-1	2015	PPARgamma is one of the three isoforms identified for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and is the receptor for the thiazolidinedione class of anti-diabetic medications including pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	201-213	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
25410618-9	2015	Moreover, pioglitazone administration could also significantly reverse the hyperglycemia, formation of AGEs, productions of IL-6 and MMP-13, and cartilage damage in STZ-induced diabetic mice.	Pioglitazone	10-22	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	124-128
25410618-9	2015	Moreover, pioglitazone administration could also significantly reverse the hyperglycemia, formation of AGEs, productions of IL-6 and MMP-13, and cartilage damage in STZ-induced diabetic mice.	Pioglitazone	10-22	matrix metallopeptidase 13	Mus musculus	133-139
25311134-3	2015	Here, we demonstrate that activation of PPARgamma by pioglitazone reduces the motivation for heroin and attenuates its rewarding properties.	Pioglitazone	53-65	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	40-49
25599238-0	2015	Pioglitazone rapidly reduces neuropathic pain through astrocyte and nongenomic PPARgamma mechanisms.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	79-88
25812374-6	2015	Four FDC agents are available in Japan: pioglitazone-glimepiride, pioglitazone-metformin, pioglitazone-alogliptin, and voglibose-mitiglinide.	Pioglitazone	40-52	CMD1B	Homo sapiens	5-8
25599238-4	2015	injection of pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, reduced hyperalgesia within 30 minutes, a time frame that is typically less than that required for genomic mechanisms.	Pioglitazone	13-25	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	29-38
25599238-5	2015	To determine the very rapid antihyperalgesic actions of PPARgamma activation, we administered pioglitazone to rats with spared nerve injury and evaluated hyperalgesia.	Pioglitazone	94-106	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	56-65
25599238-9	2015	pioglitazone, suggesting a spinal PPARgamma-dependent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	34-43
25599238-13	2015	Pioglitazone reduction of spared nerve injury-induced increases in GFAP expression occurred more rapidly than expected, within 60 minutes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	67-71
25599238-15	2015	We conclude that acute pioglitazone inhibits neuropathic pain in part by reducing astrocyte activation and through both genomic and nongenomic PPARgamma mechanisms.	Pioglitazone	23-35	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	143-152
25559284-1	2015	In this pilot study, pioglitazone, an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, was administered to dyskinetic parkinsonian macaques.	Pioglitazone	21-33	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	53-101
25559284-1	2015	In this pilot study, pioglitazone, an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, was administered to dyskinetic parkinsonian macaques.	Pioglitazone	21-33	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	103-113
25852732-5	2015	Compared to control, insulin resistance improved in the pioglitazone group (p = 0.002) but not in the exercise group (p = 0.25).	Pioglitazone	56-68	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
25852732-7	2015	CONCLUSION: In this pilot study, pioglitazone improved insulin resistance but not cognitive performance in older adults with MCI and insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	33-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-62
25671601-1	2015	Pioglitazone (PIO) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist in clinical use for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	24-72
25671601-1	2015	Pioglitazone (PIO) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist in clinical use for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	74-83
25671601-1	2015	Pioglitazone (PIO) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist in clinical use for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	24-72
25671601-1	2015	Pioglitazone (PIO) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist in clinical use for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	74-83
25227476-2	2015	AREAS COVERED: The following article highlights a group of PPAR-gamma agonists called thiazolidinediones (TZDs), which are currently being tested for a putative disease-modifying benefit in PD, using pioglitazone as a prototypic compound.	Pioglitazone	200-212	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	59-69
25498313-2	2015	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists, including pioglitazone, approved for type 2 diabetes therapy alter cellular metabolism and can heighten ROS production.	Pioglitazone	76-88	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-42
25673189-8	2015	Treatment with pioglitazone significantly decreased the plasma levels of TnI and CORT, while increased the level of SOD and the expression levels of PPARgamma mRNA and protein.	Pioglitazone	15-27	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	149-158
25503385-1	2015	The mitochondrial outer membrane protein mitoNEET is a binding protein of the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone (5-[[4-[2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy]phenyl]methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione) and is considered a novel target for the treatment of type II diabetes.	Pioglitazone	97-109	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Mus musculus	41-49
25503385-1	2015	The mitochondrial outer membrane protein mitoNEET is a binding protein of the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone (5-[[4-[2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy]phenyl]methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione) and is considered a novel target for the treatment of type II diabetes.	Pioglitazone	111-189	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Mus musculus	41-49
25441255-3	2015	The goal of this study was to investigate the potential of a PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone (PIO) to distinguish tumors and inflammatory lesions in (18)F-FDG PET imaging.	Pioglitazone	80-92	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	61-71
25441255-3	2015	The goal of this study was to investigate the potential of a PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone (PIO) to distinguish tumors and inflammatory lesions in (18)F-FDG PET imaging.	Pioglitazone	94-97	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	61-71
25560579-7	2015	RESULTS: Co-administration of pioglitazone (40 mg/kg) with morphine not only attenuated morphine-induced tolerance, but also prevented the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6) and nuclear factor-kappa B activity in the rat cerebral cortex.	Pioglitazone	30-42	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	214-231
25560579-7	2015	RESULTS: Co-administration of pioglitazone (40 mg/kg) with morphine not only attenuated morphine-induced tolerance, but also prevented the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6) and nuclear factor-kappa B activity in the rat cerebral cortex.	Pioglitazone	30-42	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	233-246
25498313-2	2015	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists, including pioglitazone, approved for type 2 diabetes therapy alter cellular metabolism and can heighten ROS production.	Pioglitazone	76-88	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	44-48
25498313-3	2015	It was hypothesized that pioglitazone treatment of gp91(phox-/-) mice, a murine model of human CGD, would enhance phagocyte oxidant production and killing of Staphylococcus aureus, a significant pathogen in patients with this disorder.	Pioglitazone	25-37	paired Ig-like receptor B	Mus musculus	51-55
25498313-4	2015	OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine whether pioglitazone treatment of gp91(phox-/-) mice enhanced phagocyte oxidant production and host defense.	Pioglitazone	43-55	paired Ig-like receptor B	Mus musculus	69-73
25498313-6	2015	RESULTS: As demonstrated by 3 different ROS-sensing probes, short-term treatment of gp91(phox-/-) mice with pioglitazone enhanced stimulated ROS production in neutrophils and monocytes from blood and neutrophils and inflammatory macrophages recruited to tissues.	Pioglitazone	108-120	paired Ig-like receptor B	Mus musculus	84-88
25168383-4	2015	Treatment with pioglitazone (PG), an activator of PPARgamma, improved the viability of the cellular model of SBMA.	Pioglitazone	15-27	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	50-59
25464487-9	2015	Furthermore, pioglitazone increased the serum concentration of adiponectin, induced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the heart, as well as ameliorated glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in DS/obese rats.	Pioglitazone	13-25	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	63-74
25464487-10	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of DS/obese rats with pioglitazone exacerbated obesity but attenuated LV hypertrophy, fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction, with these latter effects being associated with the activation of cardiac AMPK signaling likely as a result of the stimulation of adiponectin secretion.	Pioglitazone	45-57	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	276-287
25168383-4	2015	Treatment with pioglitazone (PG), an activator of PPARgamma, improved the viability of the cellular model of SBMA.	Pioglitazone	29-31	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	50-59
25168383-6	2015	Furthermore, immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses demonstrated that the administration of PG suppressed oxidative stress, nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB) signal activation and inflammation both in the spinal cords and skeletal muscles of the SBMA mice.	Pioglitazone	98-100	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	153-161
26089929-11	2015	C-reactive protein was also decreased insignificant after receive pioglitazone (P = 0.333).	Pioglitazone	66-78	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	0-18
26428534-5	2015	On the clinical level various mitochondrial disorders mimic SBMA, and on the therapeutic level pioglitazone expresses PPAR-gamma, cyclosporine-A restores mitochondrial membrane potentials, coenzyme-Q and idebenone reduce oxidative stress, and geldanamycin up-regulates protective mitochondrial heat shock proteins.	Pioglitazone	95-107	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	118-128
25634757-0	2015	Pioglitazone lowers serum retinol binding protein 4 by suppressing its expression in adipose tissue of obese rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	26-51
26089929-0	2015	The effect of pioglitazone on circulating interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in a patient with metabolic syndrome: A randomized, double-blind controlled trial.	Pioglitazone	14-26	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	42-56
26089929-0	2015	The effect of pioglitazone on circulating interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in a patient with metabolic syndrome: A randomized, double-blind controlled trial.	Pioglitazone	14-26	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	61-88
26089929-1	2015	BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pioglitazone as an insulin sensitizer on circulating interleukin-10 (IL-10) as an anti-inflammatory factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) as main proinflammatory factor in non-diabetic metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients in Caucasians race of Middle East area in Iran.	Pioglitazone	55-67	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	108-122
26089929-1	2015	BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pioglitazone as an insulin sensitizer on circulating interleukin-10 (IL-10) as an anti-inflammatory factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) as main proinflammatory factor in non-diabetic metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients in Caucasians race of Middle East area in Iran.	Pioglitazone	55-67	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	124-129
25967848-0	2015	Effects of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-gamma Agonist Pioglitazone on Peripheral Vessel Function and Clinical Parameters in Nondiabetic Patients: A Double-Center, Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.	Pioglitazone	72-84	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	15-63
25967848-3	2015	This pilot study was performed to assess the potential antiatherogenic effect of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone in nondiabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	142-154	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	85-133
25634757-3	2015	We investigated whether, and how, pioglitazone modulates serum level of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), an adipocytokine associated with obesity and insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	34-46	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	72-97
25634757-3	2015	We investigated whether, and how, pioglitazone modulates serum level of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), an adipocytokine associated with obesity and insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	34-46	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	99-103
25634757-5	2015	RESULTS: Pioglitazone treatment significantly decreased serum RBP4 levels in obese rats, which was correlated with reduced body weight and increased insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	9-21	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
25634757-6	2015	Moreover, pioglitazone greatly decreased RBP4 mRNA and protein levels in adipose tissue but not in the liver.	Pioglitazone	10-22	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
25634757-7	2015	Consistently, pioglitazone treatment significantly reduced RBP4 protein expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes but not in HepG2 cells.	Pioglitazone	14-26	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	59-63
25634757-8	2015	CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that pioglitazone inhibits the level of serum RPB4 by suppressing RBP4 expression in adipose tissue of obese rats, suggesting that inhibiting RBP4 expression in adipocytes may provide a mechanism by which pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant subjects.	Pioglitazone	43-55	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	104-108
25634757-8	2015	CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that pioglitazone inhibits the level of serum RPB4 by suppressing RBP4 expression in adipose tissue of obese rats, suggesting that inhibiting RBP4 expression in adipocytes may provide a mechanism by which pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant subjects.	Pioglitazone	43-55	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	180-184
25504005-14	2015	PPAR-gamma agonists such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are generally well-tolerated in AD and aMCI patients.	Pioglitazone	46-58	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-10
25737017-8	2015	Decreases in inflammatory markers such as IL-6, TNF-alpha, and sVCAM-1 were significantly greater in the pioglitazone than the control group during the follow-up.	Pioglitazone	105-117	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	42-46
25737017-8	2015	Decreases in inflammatory markers such as IL-6, TNF-alpha, and sVCAM-1 were significantly greater in the pioglitazone than the control group during the follow-up.	Pioglitazone	105-117	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	48-57
25440598-5	2015	Non-diabetic patients with HTN who used the insulinsensitizing drug pioglitazone had improved FMD with a reduction in insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	68-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
25152439-0	2015	Pioglitazone inhibits angiotensin II-induced atrial fibroblasts proliferation via NF-kappaB/TGF-beta1/TRIF/TRAF6 pathway.	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	22-36
25683950-0	2015	Effect of pioglitazone combined with simvastatin on the CD40-CD40 ligand system in rabbits with atherosclerosis.	Pioglitazone	10-22	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5	Oryctolagus cuniculus	56-72
25683950-1	2015	OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to investigate the interaction mechanism between pioglitazone/simvastatin and the CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40-CD40L) system and to determine their interaction effects on atherosclerosis in rabbits.	Pioglitazone	76-88	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5	Oryctolagus cuniculus	109-125
25683950-1	2015	OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to investigate the interaction mechanism between pioglitazone/simvastatin and the CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40-CD40L) system and to determine their interaction effects on atherosclerosis in rabbits.	Pioglitazone	76-88	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5	Oryctolagus cuniculus	109-113
25683950-7	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone and simvastatin may inhibit different functions, such as inflammatory response and lipid regulation, by inhibiting the CD40-CD40L signaling pathway to suppress the formation of atherosclerosis.	Pioglitazone	13-25	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5	Oryctolagus cuniculus	145-149
25346431-4	2015	Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, but not troglitazone nor telmisartan, also significantly increased loricrin expression at both mRNA and protein levels in differentiated NHKs.	Pioglitazone	18-30	loricrin cornified envelope precursor protein	Homo sapiens	99-107
25346431-6	2015	This study revealed differential effects of various PPAR-gamma agonists on epidermal differentiation, and the most potent of those are rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	153-165	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	52-62
25152439-0	2015	Pioglitazone inhibits angiotensin II-induced atrial fibroblasts proliferation via NF-kappaB/TGF-beta1/TRIF/TRAF6 pathway.	Pioglitazone	0-12	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	92-101
25152439-0	2015	Pioglitazone inhibits angiotensin II-induced atrial fibroblasts proliferation via NF-kappaB/TGF-beta1/TRIF/TRAF6 pathway.	Pioglitazone	0-12	toll-like receptor adaptor molecule 1	Mus musculus	102-106
25152439-0	2015	Pioglitazone inhibits angiotensin II-induced atrial fibroblasts proliferation via NF-kappaB/TGF-beta1/TRIF/TRAF6 pathway.	Pioglitazone	0-12	TNF receptor-associated factor 6	Mus musculus	107-112
25152439-1	2015	The exact mechanisms underlying inhibitory effects of pioglitazone (Pio) on Angiotensin II (AngII)-induced atrial fibrosis are complex and remain largely unknown.	Pioglitazone	54-66	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	76-90
25152439-1	2015	The exact mechanisms underlying inhibitory effects of pioglitazone (Pio) on Angiotensin II (AngII)-induced atrial fibrosis are complex and remain largely unknown.	Pioglitazone	54-66	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	92-97
26156624-3	2015	In the current study, we analyzed whether pioglitazone, an agonist of PPARgamma, reduces angiotensin II-induced vascular lipid accumulation.	Pioglitazone	42-54	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	70-79
25280398-0	2015	Pioglitazone reduces lipid droplets in cholesterolosis of the gallbladder by increasing ABCA1 and NCEH1 expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	88-93
25280398-0	2015	Pioglitazone reduces lipid droplets in cholesterolosis of the gallbladder by increasing ABCA1 and NCEH1 expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	98-103
25280398-9	2015	In conclusion, we observed that pioglitazone increased ABCA1 expression in an LXR-dependent manner and NCEH1 expression in an LXRalpha-independent manner, which mobilized CE hydrolysis and cholesterol efflux to reduce lipid droplet content in cholesterolosis GBECs.	Pioglitazone	32-44	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	55-60
25280398-9	2015	In conclusion, we observed that pioglitazone increased ABCA1 expression in an LXR-dependent manner and NCEH1 expression in an LXRalpha-independent manner, which mobilized CE hydrolysis and cholesterol efflux to reduce lipid droplet content in cholesterolosis GBECs.	Pioglitazone	32-44	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3	Homo sapiens	126-134
25738311-10	2015	Interestingly, the ER stress and chemotherapy resistance observed in HepG2/IR cells could be reversed by treatment with the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	143-155	insulin	Homo sapiens	124-131
26156624-0	2015	Pioglitazone Reduces Vascular Lipid Accumulation in Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertensive Rat.	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	52-66
25425470-0	2015	PPARgamma-dependent anti-tumor and immunomodulatory actions of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	63-75	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-9
25425470-2	2015	The current study was carried out to assess the possible anti-tumor effects of pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARgamma agonist, in a mouse mammary carcinoma model, i.e. a solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC).	Pioglitazone	79-91	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	101-110
25425470-2	2015	The current study was carried out to assess the possible anti-tumor effects of pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARgamma agonist, in a mouse mammary carcinoma model, i.e. a solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC).	Pioglitazone	93-96	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	101-110
25425470-8	2015	All pioglitazone-studied effects were antagonized by GW9662, a selective PPARgamma antagonist.	Pioglitazone	4-16	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	73-82
26113112-0	2015	Pioglitazone Identifies a New Target for Aneurysm Treatment: Role of Egr1 in an Experimental Murine Model of Aortic Aneurysm.	Pioglitazone	0-12	early growth response 1	Mus musculus	69-73
26113112-2	2015	Macrophage infiltration to the vascular wall is an early event in this pathology, and therefore we explored the effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor x03B3; agonist pioglitazone on AngII-treated macrophages.	Pioglitazone	185-197	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	201-206
26113112-3	2015	Using microarray-based expression profiling of phorbol ester-stimulated THP-1 cells, we found that a number of aneurysm-related gene changes effected by AngII were modulated following the addition of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	200-212	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	153-158
26113112-7	2015	Quantitative real-time PCR showed that EGR1 suppressed PKD1, while AngII significantly up-regulated PKD1, an effect counteracted by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	132-144	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	67-72
26113112-7	2015	Quantitative real-time PCR showed that EGR1 suppressed PKD1, while AngII significantly up-regulated PKD1, an effect counteracted by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	132-144	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting	Homo sapiens	100-104
26113112-8	2015	Conversely, in EGR1 short hairpin RNA lentivirally transduced THP-1 cells, reduced EGR1 led to a significant up-regulation of PKD1, especially after treatment with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	164-176	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	15-19
26113112-8	2015	Conversely, in EGR1 short hairpin RNA lentivirally transduced THP-1 cells, reduced EGR1 led to a significant up-regulation of PKD1, especially after treatment with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	164-176	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	83-87
26113112-8	2015	Conversely, in EGR1 short hairpin RNA lentivirally transduced THP-1 cells, reduced EGR1 led to a significant up-regulation of PKD1, especially after treatment with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	164-176	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting	Homo sapiens	126-130
25469280-1	2015	Pioglitazone is an insulin sensitizer used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM).	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
25469280-8	2015	Changes in insulin resistance and serum adiponectin levels resulting from pioglitazone treatment were also assessed.	Pioglitazone	74-86	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	40-51
25469280-11	2015	In addition, significantly decreased homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance values (P=0.002) and significantly increased serum high-molecular-weight adiponectin levels (P&lt;0.001) were observed following pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	218-230	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
25469280-11	2015	In addition, significantly decreased homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance values (P=0.002) and significantly increased serum high-molecular-weight adiponectin levels (P&lt;0.001) were observed following pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	218-230	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	162-173
25469280-13	2015	Moreover, pioglitazone improved insulin resistance and adipocytokine levels.	Pioglitazone	10-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
26167300-1	2015	The objective was evaluation of the effects of pioglitazone on medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of the rats exposed to aluminum (Al).	Pioglitazone	47-59	complement factor properdin	Mus musculus	89-93
25709235-11	2015	However, the expression of aP2 related to lipid metabolism and adiposity in the TC group was significantly lower than that in the pioglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	130-142	transcription factor AP-2, alpha	Mus musculus	27-30
26587016-3	2015	Currently, there is no effective therapy for AD; however several studies have shown that the treatments with the peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonists known as thiazolidinedione drugs (TZDs), like rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, attenuate neurodegeneration and improve cognition in mouse models and patients with mild-to-moderate AD.	Pioglitazone	248-260	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	113-162
26587016-3	2015	Currently, there is no effective therapy for AD; however several studies have shown that the treatments with the peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonists known as thiazolidinedione drugs (TZDs), like rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, attenuate neurodegeneration and improve cognition in mouse models and patients with mild-to-moderate AD.	Pioglitazone	248-260	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	164-173
26156624-3	2015	In the current study, we analyzed whether pioglitazone, an agonist of PPARgamma, reduces angiotensin II-induced vascular lipid accumulation.	Pioglitazone	42-54	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	89-103
26156624-6	2015	RESULTS: Pioglitazone significantly reduced angiotensin II-induced enhanced lipid deposition and superoxide production in the adventitia of the aorta, as detected by oil red O and dihydroethidium (DHE) staining, respectively.	Pioglitazone	9-21	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	44-58
26156624-8	2015	Angiotensin II-induced upregulation of the expression of LDL receptor and Nox1 was inhibited by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	96-108	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
26156624-8	2015	Angiotensin II-induced upregulation of the expression of LDL receptor and Nox1 was inhibited by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	96-108	low density lipoprotein receptor	Rattus norvegicus	57-69
26156624-8	2015	Angiotensin II-induced upregulation of the expression of LDL receptor and Nox1 was inhibited by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	96-108	NADPH oxidase 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-78
26156624-9	2015	In addition, angiotensin II significantly reduced the expression of PCSK9, and this reduction was ameliorated by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	113-125	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	13-27
26156624-9	2015	In addition, angiotensin II significantly reduced the expression of PCSK9, and this reduction was ameliorated by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	113-125	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9	Rattus norvegicus	68-73
26156624-10	2015	On the other hand, pioglitazone did not significantly alter the expression of the phosphorylated forms of AMPKalpha and ACC, which was downregulated by angiotensin II.	Pioglitazone	19-31	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	152-166
26156624-11	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone treatment suppressed excess lipid accumulation and superoxide production in the aorta in an angiotensin II-induced rat model of hypertension.	Pioglitazone	13-25	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	118-132
26281317-2	2015	In this study, the comparative effect of pioglitazone, quercetin, and hydroxy citric acid on VEGF mRNA in experimentally induced NASH was investigated.	Pioglitazone	41-53	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	93-97
26281317-7	2015	In contrast, a mild increase in the expression of VEGF mRNA was observed in the rats treated with pioglitazone and hydroxy citric acid.	Pioglitazone	98-110	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	50-54
25525174-0	2014	Pioglitazone restores IGFBP-3 levels through DNA PK in retinal endothelial cells cultured in hyperglycemic conditions.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	22-29
25525174-1	2014	PURPOSE: Previously, we reported that pioglitazone prevented insulin resistance and cell death in type 2 diabetic retina by reducing TNFalpha and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) levels.	Pioglitazone	38-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
25525174-1	2014	PURPOSE: Previously, we reported that pioglitazone prevented insulin resistance and cell death in type 2 diabetic retina by reducing TNFalpha and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) levels.	Pioglitazone	38-50	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	133-141
25525174-1	2014	PURPOSE: Previously, we reported that pioglitazone prevented insulin resistance and cell death in type 2 diabetic retina by reducing TNFalpha and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) levels.	Pioglitazone	38-50	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Homo sapiens	146-180
25525174-1	2014	PURPOSE: Previously, we reported that pioglitazone prevented insulin resistance and cell death in type 2 diabetic retina by reducing TNFalpha and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) levels.	Pioglitazone	38-50	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Homo sapiens	182-187
25525174-3	2014	We hypothesized that pioglitazone protects against retinal cell apoptosis by regulating IGFBP-3 levels, in addition to reducing TNFalpha.	Pioglitazone	21-33	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	88-95
25525174-3	2014	We hypothesized that pioglitazone protects against retinal cell apoptosis by regulating IGFBP-3 levels, in addition to reducing TNFalpha.	Pioglitazone	21-33	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	128-136
25525174-4	2014	The current study explored potential IGFBP-3 regulatory pathways by pioglitazone in retinal endothelial cells cultured in high glucose.	Pioglitazone	68-80	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	37-44
25525174-7	2014	RESULTS: Our results show that treatment with pioglitazone restored the high glucose-induced decrease in IGFBP-3 levels.	Pioglitazone	46-58	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	105-112
25525174-9	2014	Pioglitazone required protein kinase A (PKA) and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA PK) activity to regulate IGFBP-3, as specific inhibitors for each protein prevented pioglitazone-mediated normalization of IGFBP-3 in high glucose.	Pioglitazone	0-12	protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	49-77
25525174-9	2014	Pioglitazone required protein kinase A (PKA) and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA PK) activity to regulate IGFBP-3, as specific inhibitors for each protein prevented pioglitazone-mediated normalization of IGFBP-3 in high glucose.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	108-115
25525174-9	2014	Pioglitazone required protein kinase A (PKA) and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA PK) activity to regulate IGFBP-3, as specific inhibitors for each protein prevented pioglitazone-mediated normalization of IGFBP-3 in high glucose.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	206-213
25525174-9	2014	Pioglitazone required protein kinase A (PKA) and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA PK) activity to regulate IGFBP-3, as specific inhibitors for each protein prevented pioglitazone-mediated normalization of IGFBP-3 in high glucose.	Pioglitazone	167-179	protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	49-77
25525174-9	2014	Pioglitazone required protein kinase A (PKA) and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA PK) activity to regulate IGFBP-3, as specific inhibitors for each protein prevented pioglitazone-mediated normalization of IGFBP-3 in high glucose.	Pioglitazone	167-179	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	108-115
25525174-9	2014	Pioglitazone required protein kinase A (PKA) and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA PK) activity to regulate IGFBP-3, as specific inhibitors for each protein prevented pioglitazone-mediated normalization of IGFBP-3 in high glucose.	Pioglitazone	167-179	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	206-213
25525174-10	2014	Insulin growth factor binding protein-3 activity was increased and apoptosis decreased by pioglitazone, which was eliminated when serine site 156 of IGFBP-3 was mutated suggesting a key role of this phosphorylation site in pioglitazone actions.	Pioglitazone	90-102	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
25525174-10	2014	Insulin growth factor binding protein-3 activity was increased and apoptosis decreased by pioglitazone, which was eliminated when serine site 156 of IGFBP-3 was mutated suggesting a key role of this phosphorylation site in pioglitazone actions.	Pioglitazone	90-102	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	149-156
25525174-10	2014	Insulin growth factor binding protein-3 activity was increased and apoptosis decreased by pioglitazone, which was eliminated when serine site 156 of IGFBP-3 was mutated suggesting a key role of this phosphorylation site in pioglitazone actions.	Pioglitazone	223-235	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
25525174-10	2014	Insulin growth factor binding protein-3 activity was increased and apoptosis decreased by pioglitazone, which was eliminated when serine site 156 of IGFBP-3 was mutated suggesting a key role of this phosphorylation site in pioglitazone actions.	Pioglitazone	223-235	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	149-156
25525174-11	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that pioglitazone mediates regulation of IGFBP-3 via activation of PKA/DNA PK pathway in hyperglycemic retinal endothelial cells.	Pioglitazone	39-51	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	75-82
25310911-1	2014	Pioglitazone is a member of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists, particularly used in management of type II diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	28-76
25310911-1	2014	Pioglitazone is a member of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists, particularly used in management of type II diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	78-87
25310911-12	2014	It is concluded that anti-scratching outcome of acute pioglitazone is initiated via activation of PPAR-gamma receptor and to some extent by the NO pathway.	Pioglitazone	54-66	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	98-108
25458644-0	2014	Pioglitazone for secondary prevention after ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack: rationale and design of the Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke Trial.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	119-126
25458644-3	2014	Specifically, IRIS will test the effectiveness of pioglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing drug of the thiazolidinedione class, for reducing the risk for stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) among insulin resistant, nondiabetic patients with a recent ischemic stroke or TIA.	Pioglitazone	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
25458644-3	2014	Specifically, IRIS will test the effectiveness of pioglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing drug of the thiazolidinedione class, for reducing the risk for stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) among insulin resistant, nondiabetic patients with a recent ischemic stroke or TIA.	Pioglitazone	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	194-201
25458644-10	2014	SUMMARY: The IRIS Trial will determine whether treatment with pioglitazone improves cardiovascular outcomes of nondiabetic, insulin-resistant patients with stroke or TIA.	Pioglitazone	62-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	124-131
25048682-6	2014	Co-administration of pioglitazone (10 and 30 mg kg(-1) , bid) significantly attenuated the development and expression of tolerance.	Pioglitazone	21-33	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Mus musculus	57-60
25048682-10	2014	Moreover, in PPARgamma KO mice, pioglitazone was no longer able to prevent the development of morphine tolerance.	Pioglitazone	32-44	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	13-22
25025992-0	2014	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activator, suppresses coronary spasm.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	16-64
25025992-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: We examined whether a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, pioglitazone, suppresses coronary spasm.	Pioglitazone	104-116	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	33-81
25025992-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: We examined whether a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, pioglitazone, suppresses coronary spasm.	Pioglitazone	104-116	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	83-93
25025992-9	2014	The levels of total white blood cell count and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein decreased significantly (P&lt;0.001 and P&lt;0.001, respectively) in the pioglitazone group, whereas these levels did not differ in the control group (P=0.15 and 0.39, respectively) after the treatment.	Pioglitazone	156-168	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	64-82
24824197-1	2014	AIMS: To investigate the efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled by a combination of metformin and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	197-209	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-74
25490415-0	2014	Activation of PPAR-gamma by pioglitazone attenuates oxidative stress in aging rat cerebral arteries through upregulating UCP2.	Pioglitazone	28-40	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
25490415-0	2014	Activation of PPAR-gamma by pioglitazone attenuates oxidative stress in aging rat cerebral arteries through upregulating UCP2.	Pioglitazone	28-40	uncoupling protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	121-125
25490415-3	2014	Pioglitazone, a well-known PPAR-gamma agonist, protects against oxidative stress in the rostral ventrolateral medulla by the upregulation of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2).	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
25490415-3	2014	Pioglitazone, a well-known PPAR-gamma agonist, protects against oxidative stress in the rostral ventrolateral medulla by the upregulation of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2).	Pioglitazone	0-12	uncoupling protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	141-175
25490415-3	2014	Pioglitazone, a well-known PPAR-gamma agonist, protects against oxidative stress in the rostral ventrolateral medulla by the upregulation of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2).	Pioglitazone	0-12	uncoupling protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	177-181
25490415-7	2014	One-month pioglitazone administration also restored PPAR-gamma expression and increased the levels of UCP2 in aging rat cerebral arteries.	Pioglitazone	10-22	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
25490415-7	2014	One-month pioglitazone administration also restored PPAR-gamma expression and increased the levels of UCP2 in aging rat cerebral arteries.	Pioglitazone	10-22	uncoupling protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	102-106
25490415-8	2014	Using in vitro studies, we demonstrated that pioglitazone attenuated reactive oxygen species levels in aging human umbilical vein endothelial cells through PPAR-gamma activation.	Pioglitazone	45-57	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	156-166
25490415-10	2014	Our study demonstrated that the activation of PPAR-gamma by pioglitazone protected against oxidative stress damage in aging cerebral arteries by upregulating UCP2.	Pioglitazone	60-72	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
25490415-10	2014	Our study demonstrated that the activation of PPAR-gamma by pioglitazone protected against oxidative stress damage in aging cerebral arteries by upregulating UCP2.	Pioglitazone	60-72	uncoupling protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	158-162
25138574-0	2014	Comparative effects of metformin and pioglitazone on YKL-40 in type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.	Pioglitazone	37-49	chitinase 3 like 1	Homo sapiens	53-59
25138574-10	2014	When compared, metformin was significantly more effective than pioglitazone with respect to YKL-40 reduction in both univariate (p = 0.020, effect size = 6.7%) and multivariate models (p = 0.047, effect size = 5.7%).	Pioglitazone	63-75	chitinase 3 like 1	Homo sapiens	92-98
25364454-4	2014	The present study aimed to investigate whether pioglitazone, a prescription TZD class drug and a ligand of PPAR-gamma, inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells.	Pioglitazone	47-59	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	107-117
25364454-6	2014	Alterations in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression levels subsequent to pioglitazone treatment were examined in BxPC-3 cells by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.	Pioglitazone	134-146	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	62-66
25364454-6	2014	Alterations in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression levels subsequent to pioglitazone treatment were examined in BxPC-3 cells by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.	Pioglitazone	134-146	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	90-95
25364454-9	2014	Pioglitazone induced CEA mRNA expression, suppressed IL-8 and COX-2 mRNA expression in vitro, and inhibited BxPC-3 xenograft growth.	Pioglitazone	0-12	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	21-24
25364454-9	2014	Pioglitazone induced CEA mRNA expression, suppressed IL-8 and COX-2 mRNA expression in vitro, and inhibited BxPC-3 xenograft growth.	Pioglitazone	0-12	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	53-57
25364454-9	2014	Pioglitazone induced CEA mRNA expression, suppressed IL-8 and COX-2 mRNA expression in vitro, and inhibited BxPC-3 xenograft growth.	Pioglitazone	0-12	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	62-67
25521362-3	2014	TZDs including pioglitazone, rosiglitazone and troglitazone, by activating PPAR-gamma have shown pleiotropic effects in reducing vascular risk factors and atherosclerosis.	Pioglitazone	15-27	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	75-85
25219351-15	2014	Pioglitazone 30 mg QD did not affect the pharmacokinetics of topiramate at steady state, while coadministration of topiramate 96 mg BID with pioglitazone decreased steady-state systemic exposure to pioglitazone, M-III, and M-IV.	Pioglitazone	141-153	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	132-135
26281317-8	2015	CONCLUSION: Quercetin exhibited an effective inhibition of VEGF mRNA expression, while a lower inhibition of the VEGF mRNA level was observed in the hydroxy citric acid- and the pioglitazone-treated rats.	Pioglitazone	178-190	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
25405601-0	2014	Adiponectin gene polymorphism rs2241766 T/G is associated with response to pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetic patients from southern China.	Pioglitazone	75-87	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	0-11
25405601-2	2014	Here, the relationship of pioglitazone efficacy to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the adiponectin gene, a critical gene directly regulated by the drug, was examined in a cohort of Chinese Han type 2 diabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	26-38	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	96-107
25405601-10	2014	CONCLUSIONS: The adiponectin gene polymorphism rs2241766 T/G is associated with pioglitazone efficacy in type 2 diabetic patients, and status of the polymorphism may be an important clinical factor to consider prior to pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	80-92	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	17-28
25405601-10	2014	CONCLUSIONS: The adiponectin gene polymorphism rs2241766 T/G is associated with pioglitazone efficacy in type 2 diabetic patients, and status of the polymorphism may be an important clinical factor to consider prior to pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	219-231	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	17-28
25383620-12	2014	PPARgamma-deficient T cells eliminated the pioglitazone-induced polarization of AAM and reduced allograft survival.	Pioglitazone	43-55	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-9
25127682-10	2014	Fenofibrate and pioglitazone also protected against the increased activation of caspase-3, an effector enzyme of the apoptosis cascade that is considered one of the pathological features of PD.	Pioglitazone	16-28	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	80-89
25264247-3	2014	We found that treatment with the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone triggers a metabolic switch that inhibits pyruvate oxidation and reduces glutathione levels.	Pioglitazone	51-63	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	33-42
25118999-10	2014	Levels of TNFalpha (exenatide/insulin/pioglitazone) decreased, and levels of adiponectin (exenatide/pioglitazone) increased.	Pioglitazone	100-112	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	77-88
25129467-18	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone can reduce kidney damage in diabetic rats, which may be attributed to its role in increasing glomerular PCX protein expression and inhibiting urinary excretion of PCX, and its effect is dose dependent.	Pioglitazone	13-25	podocalyxin-like	Rattus norvegicus	130-133
25129467-18	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone can reduce kidney damage in diabetic rats, which may be attributed to its role in increasing glomerular PCX protein expression and inhibiting urinary excretion of PCX, and its effect is dose dependent.	Pioglitazone	13-25	podocalyxin-like	Rattus norvegicus	189-192
24887686-1	2014	BACKGROUND: No study has investigated whether pioglitazone (an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) protects against ischemia and reperfusion (IR)-induced endothelial dysfunction in humans.	Pioglitazone	46-58	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	74-122
24937535-11	2014	These findings demonstrate a physiologic control mechanism wherein the increase in ISR ensures adequate insulin delivery into the portal circulation to suppress hepatic glucose production while delivering a reduced but sufficient amount of insulin to peripheral tissues to maintain the pioglitazone-mediated improvement in insulin sensitivity without excessive hyperinsulinemia.	Pioglitazone	286-298	insulin	Homo sapiens	240-247
24937535-11	2014	These findings demonstrate a physiologic control mechanism wherein the increase in ISR ensures adequate insulin delivery into the portal circulation to suppress hepatic glucose production while delivering a reduced but sufficient amount of insulin to peripheral tissues to maintain the pioglitazone-mediated improvement in insulin sensitivity without excessive hyperinsulinemia.	Pioglitazone	286-298	insulin	Homo sapiens	240-247
24982244-11	2014	PPARgamma acetylation was also induced by pioglitazone and acetylation was required for PPARgamma activation.	Pioglitazone	42-54	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-9
25086044-0	2014	Pioglitazone normalizes insulin signaling in the diabetic rat retina through reduction in tumor necrosis factor alpha and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
25086044-0	2014	Pioglitazone normalizes insulin signaling in the diabetic rat retina through reduction in tumor necrosis factor alpha and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	90-117
25086044-0	2014	Pioglitazone normalizes insulin signaling in the diabetic rat retina through reduction in tumor necrosis factor alpha and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3.	Pioglitazone	0-12	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Rattus norvegicus	122-156
25086044-4	2014	We hypothesized that pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, would normalize retinal insulin signal transduction through reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) activities in whole retina and retinal endothelial cells (REC) and Muller cells.	Pioglitazone	21-33	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	37-85
25086044-4	2014	We hypothesized that pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, would normalize retinal insulin signal transduction through reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) activities in whole retina and retinal endothelial cells (REC) and Muller cells.	Pioglitazone	21-33	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	87-96
25086044-4	2014	We hypothesized that pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, would normalize retinal insulin signal transduction through reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) activities in whole retina and retinal endothelial cells (REC) and Muller cells.	Pioglitazone	21-33	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	175-202
25086044-4	2014	We hypothesized that pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, would normalize retinal insulin signal transduction through reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) activities in whole retina and retinal endothelial cells (REC) and Muller cells.	Pioglitazone	21-33	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	204-212
25302079-10	2014	RESULTS: Pioglitazone treatment and PPARgamma overexpression inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of VSMCs, whereas blocking by antagonist or silencing by siRNA of PPARgamma significantly attenuated pioglitazone"s effect.	Pioglitazone	208-220	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	173-182
25302079-11	2014	Furthermore, pioglitazone treatment or PPARgamma overexpression increased caspase 3 and caspase 9 expression, and decreased the expression of cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 in VSMCs.	Pioglitazone	13-25	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	74-83
25302079-11	2014	Furthermore, pioglitazone treatment or PPARgamma overexpression increased caspase 3 and caspase 9 expression, and decreased the expression of cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 in VSMCs.	Pioglitazone	13-25	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	88-97
25302079-11	2014	Furthermore, pioglitazone treatment or PPARgamma overexpression increased caspase 3 and caspase 9 expression, and decreased the expression of cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 in VSMCs.	Pioglitazone	13-25	cyclin B1	Homo sapiens	142-151
25302079-11	2014	Furthermore, pioglitazone treatment or PPARgamma overexpression increased caspase 3 and caspase 9 expression, and decreased the expression of cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 in VSMCs.	Pioglitazone	13-25	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	156-165
25302079-12	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone inhibits VSMCs proliferation and promotes apoptosis of VSMCs through a PPARgamma signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	13-25	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	97-106
25302079-13	2014	Up-regulation of caspase 3 and down-regulation of cyclins mediates pioglitazone"s anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects.	Pioglitazone	67-79	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	17-26
25302079-14	2014	Our results imply that pioglitazone prevents the VSMCs proliferation via modulation of caspase and cyclin signaling pathways in a PPARgamma-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	23-35	cyclin B1	Homo sapiens	99-105
25302079-14	2014	Our results imply that pioglitazone prevents the VSMCs proliferation via modulation of caspase and cyclin signaling pathways in a PPARgamma-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	23-35	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	130-139
25330088-2	2014	The aim of this study was to test whether pioglitazone, a powerful insulin sensitizer, alters body fat distribution and adipokine secretion in these subjects and whether it is associated with improved insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	42-54	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
25296378-0	2014	Pioglitazone improves potassium channel remodeling induced by angiotensin II in atrial myocytes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	62-76
25296378-6	2014	RESULTS: Compared with the control group, AngII reduced Ito and Ikur current density as well as amplified Ik1 current density, which were partially prevented by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	161-173	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	42-47
25296378-6	2014	RESULTS: Compared with the control group, AngII reduced Ito and Ikur current density as well as amplified Ik1 current density, which were partially prevented by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	161-173	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	106-109
25296378-7	2014	Furthermore, pioglitazone alleviated the downregulation of Ito subunit (Kv 4.2) and Ikur subunit (Kv 1.5), as well as the upregulation of Ik1 subunit (Kir 2.1 and Kir 2.2) mRNA expression stimulated by AngII.	Pioglitazone	13-25	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 2	Homo sapiens	72-78
25296378-7	2014	Furthermore, pioglitazone alleviated the downregulation of Ito subunit (Kv 4.2) and Ikur subunit (Kv 1.5), as well as the upregulation of Ik1 subunit (Kir 2.1 and Kir 2.2) mRNA expression stimulated by AngII.	Pioglitazone	13-25	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	98-104
25296378-7	2014	Furthermore, pioglitazone alleviated the downregulation of Ito subunit (Kv 4.2) and Ikur subunit (Kv 1.5), as well as the upregulation of Ik1 subunit (Kir 2.1 and Kir 2.2) mRNA expression stimulated by AngII.	Pioglitazone	13-25	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	138-141
25296378-7	2014	Furthermore, pioglitazone alleviated the downregulation of Ito subunit (Kv 4.2) and Ikur subunit (Kv 1.5), as well as the upregulation of Ik1 subunit (Kir 2.1 and Kir 2.2) mRNA expression stimulated by AngII.	Pioglitazone	13-25	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 2	Homo sapiens	151-158
25296378-7	2014	Furthermore, pioglitazone alleviated the downregulation of Ito subunit (Kv 4.2) and Ikur subunit (Kv 1.5), as well as the upregulation of Ik1 subunit (Kir 2.1 and Kir 2.2) mRNA expression stimulated by AngII.	Pioglitazone	13-25	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 12	Homo sapiens	163-170
25296378-7	2014	Furthermore, pioglitazone alleviated the downregulation of Ito subunit (Kv 4.2) and Ikur subunit (Kv 1.5), as well as the upregulation of Ik1 subunit (Kir 2.1 and Kir 2.2) mRNA expression stimulated by AngII.	Pioglitazone	13-25	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	202-207
25296378-8	2014	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that pioglitazone exhibits a beneficial effect on AngII-induced potassium channel remodeling.	Pioglitazone	40-52	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	85-90
24964389-8	2014	ADP-dependent mitochondrial respiration, complex I and III activities, and citrate synthase activity were significantly decreased in the SKM of the HFD+vehicle animals, and these decreases were also attenuated by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	213-225	citrate synthase	Mus musculus	75-91
25122050-7	2014	PPAR-gamma was modulated using the agonists rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, and troglitazone.	Pioglitazone	59-71	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-10
24814435-3	2014	Recently, the mitochondrial protein mitoNEET [also referred to as CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1 (CISD1)] has emerged as the mitochondrial target of thiazolidinedione drugs such as the antidiabetic pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	194-206	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	36-44
24814435-3	2014	Recently, the mitochondrial protein mitoNEET [also referred to as CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1 (CISD1)] has emerged as the mitochondrial target of thiazolidinedione drugs such as the antidiabetic pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	194-206	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	66-92
24814435-3	2014	Recently, the mitochondrial protein mitoNEET [also referred to as CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1 (CISD1)] has emerged as the mitochondrial target of thiazolidinedione drugs such as the antidiabetic pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	194-206	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	94-99
25069464-7	2014	The PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone is highly therapeutic in a transgenic mouse model of PPFP-positive thyroid carcinoma, suggesting that PPAR-gamma agonists might be beneficial in patients with PPFP-positive thyroid carcinomas.	Pioglitazone	23-35	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	4-14
25069464-7	2014	The PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone is highly therapeutic in a transgenic mouse model of PPFP-positive thyroid carcinoma, suggesting that PPAR-gamma agonists might be beneficial in patients with PPFP-positive thyroid carcinomas.	Pioglitazone	23-35	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	138-148
25086044-4	2014	We hypothesized that pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, would normalize retinal insulin signal transduction through reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) activities in whole retina and retinal endothelial cells (REC) and Muller cells.	Pioglitazone	21-33	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Rattus norvegicus	218-252
25086044-4	2014	We hypothesized that pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, would normalize retinal insulin signal transduction through reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) activities in whole retina and retinal endothelial cells (REC) and Muller cells.	Pioglitazone	21-33	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Rattus norvegicus	254-259
25086044-7	2014	Data demonstrate that 2 months of pioglitazone significantly increased electroretinogram amplitudes in type 2 diabetic obese rats, which was associated with improved insulin receptor activation.	Pioglitazone	34-46	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	166-182
25086044-8	2014	These changes occurred in both REC and Muller cells treated with pioglitazone, suggesting that these two cell types are key to insulin resistance in the retina.	Pioglitazone	65-77	insulin	Homo sapiens	127-134
24899385-2	2014	The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, on the morphine-induced tolerance and dependence.	Pioglitazone	66-78	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	133-143
25210844-0	2014	Effects of pioglitazone mediated activation of PPAR-gamma on CIDEC and obesity related changes in mice.	Pioglitazone	11-23	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	47-57
25210844-0	2014	Effects of pioglitazone mediated activation of PPAR-gamma on CIDEC and obesity related changes in mice.	Pioglitazone	11-23	cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector c	Mus musculus	61-66
25210844-2	2014	The aim was to study the effects of pioglitazone mediated sensitization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) on the relationship of Cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector C (CIDEC) with obesity related changes in mice.	Pioglitazone	36-48	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	75-123
25210844-2	2014	The aim was to study the effects of pioglitazone mediated sensitization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) on the relationship of Cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector C (CIDEC) with obesity related changes in mice.	Pioglitazone	36-48	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	125-135
25210844-2	2014	The aim was to study the effects of pioglitazone mediated sensitization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) on the relationship of Cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector C (CIDEC) with obesity related changes in mice.	Pioglitazone	36-48	cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector c	Mus musculus	160-200
25210844-2	2014	The aim was to study the effects of pioglitazone mediated sensitization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) on the relationship of Cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector C (CIDEC) with obesity related changes in mice.	Pioglitazone	36-48	cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector c	Mus musculus	202-207
25210844-10	2014	Pioglitazone enhanced the expression of PPAR-gamma and CIDEC genes in HFD+P mice even during the late phase of obesity.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	40-50
25210844-10	2014	Pioglitazone enhanced the expression of PPAR-gamma and CIDEC genes in HFD+P mice even during the late phase of obesity.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector c	Mus musculus	55-60
25210844-11	2014	CONCLUSION: It is insinuated that VAT is associated with late phase obesity CIDEC decrease and insulin resistance, while pioglitazone enhances CIDEC through activation of PPAR-gamma, increases its expression, and decreases lipolysis, hence preventing an increase of blood sugar in mice exposed to HFD.	Pioglitazone	121-133	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	171-181
25028387-12	2014	Finally, pharmacological inhibition of Egr-1 with pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma ligand, attenuated vascular remodelling including the development of neointimal lesions.	Pioglitazone	50-62	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-44
25028387-12	2014	Finally, pharmacological inhibition of Egr-1 with pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma ligand, attenuated vascular remodelling including the development of neointimal lesions.	Pioglitazone	50-62	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	66-114
24722248-4	2014	We also show that Foxa2 and miR-29 are significantly upregulated in the livers of Zucker diabetic fatty (fa/fa) rats and that the levels of both returned to normal upon treatment with the insulin-sensitizing agent pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	214-226	forkhead box A2	Rattus norvegicus	18-23
24722248-4	2014	We also show that Foxa2 and miR-29 are significantly upregulated in the livers of Zucker diabetic fatty (fa/fa) rats and that the levels of both returned to normal upon treatment with the insulin-sensitizing agent pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	214-226	insulin	Homo sapiens	188-195
24259440-0	2014	PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone does not enhance performance in mice.	Pioglitazone	18-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-9
25194409-6	2014	In addition, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein values were significantly lower in the pioglitazone group (P = .03, P &lt; .001, and P = .01).	Pioglitazone	144-156	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	45-63
25194409-6	2014	In addition, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein values were significantly lower in the pioglitazone group (P = .03, P &lt; .001, and P = .01).	Pioglitazone	144-156	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	86-104
25194409-7	2014	Interleukin-18 levels were not significantly different at the end of the study between the two groups, but it had a decreasing trend in the pioglitazone group (P = .002).	Pioglitazone	140-152	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	0-14
23676251-0	2014	Pioglitazone enhances the blood pressure-lowering effect of losartan via synergistic attenuation of angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction.	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	100-114
23676251-8	2014	Combination therapy of losartan and pioglitazone reduced BP more than either monotherapy, and showed additive effects on improving endothelial dysfunction and abolishing the increased vascular responsiveness to angiotensin II.	Pioglitazone	36-48	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	211-225
25175654-4	2014	PGT and STN significantly (P&lt;0.05) reduced the PQ-elevated myeloperoxidase activity, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde contents of the lungs and IL-6 and TNF-alpha concentrations in serum.	Pioglitazone	0-3	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	147-151
25175654-4	2014	PGT and STN significantly (P&lt;0.05) reduced the PQ-elevated myeloperoxidase activity, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde contents of the lungs and IL-6 and TNF-alpha concentrations in serum.	Pioglitazone	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	156-165
25175654-6	2014	Immunohistochemistry studies showed that the PQ-induced inflammation resulted in a severe recruitment of CD68(+) macrophages, which PGT and STN remarkably diminished them.	Pioglitazone	132-135	Cd68 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	105-109
25219351-15	2014	Pioglitazone 30 mg QD did not affect the pharmacokinetics of topiramate at steady state, while coadministration of topiramate 96 mg BID with pioglitazone decreased steady-state systemic exposure to pioglitazone, M-III, and M-IV.	Pioglitazone	198-210	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	132-135
25177938-0	2014	PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone affects rat gouty arthritis by regulating cytokines.	Pioglitazone	19-31	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
25177938-1	2014	The objective was to study peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone regulation effect and its mechanism of expression of cytokines on acute gouty arthritis synovial in rats.	Pioglitazone	96-108	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	27-75
25177938-1	2014	The objective was to study peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone regulation effect and its mechanism of expression of cytokines on acute gouty arthritis synovial in rats.	Pioglitazone	96-108	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	77-86
25177938-4	2014	The pioglitazone treatment group showed synovial expression of TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma was significantly lower than in the control group; the inhibition rates were 78.5 and 60.4%.	Pioglitazone	4-16	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	63-72
25177938-4	2014	The pioglitazone treatment group showed synovial expression of TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma was significantly lower than in the control group; the inhibition rates were 78.5 and 60.4%.	Pioglitazone	4-16	interferon gamma	Rattus norvegicus	78-87
25177938-6	2014	Pioglitazone has anti-inflammatory effects on acute gouty arthritis by inhibiting the expression of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	100-109
25177938-6	2014	Pioglitazone has anti-inflammatory effects on acute gouty arthritis by inhibiting the expression of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interferon gamma	Rattus norvegicus	114-123
25038520-5	2014	Treatment with pioglitazone for 24 h significantly increased the expression of CYP11B2 and enhanced AngII-induced CYP11B2 expression.	Pioglitazone	15-27	cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 2	Homo sapiens	79-86
25038520-5	2014	Treatment with pioglitazone for 24 h significantly increased the expression of CYP11B2 and enhanced AngII-induced CYP11B2 expression.	Pioglitazone	15-27	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	100-105
25038520-5	2014	Treatment with pioglitazone for 24 h significantly increased the expression of CYP11B2 and enhanced AngII-induced CYP11B2 expression.	Pioglitazone	15-27	cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 2	Homo sapiens	114-121
25038520-6	2014	Despite the observed changes in mRNA levels, pioglitazone significantly inhibited AngII-induced aldosterone production and CYP11B2 protein levels.	Pioglitazone	45-57	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	82-87
25038520-6	2014	Despite the observed changes in mRNA levels, pioglitazone significantly inhibited AngII-induced aldosterone production and CYP11B2 protein levels.	Pioglitazone	45-57	cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 2	Homo sapiens	123-130
25038520-7	2014	On the other hand, pioglitazone stimulated the expression of the unfolded protein response (UPR) marker DDIT3, with this effect occurring at early times and inhibitable by the PPARgamma antagonist GW9962.	Pioglitazone	19-31	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	104-109
25038520-7	2014	On the other hand, pioglitazone stimulated the expression of the unfolded protein response (UPR) marker DDIT3, with this effect occurring at early times and inhibitable by the PPARgamma antagonist GW9962.	Pioglitazone	19-31	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	176-185
25038520-9	2014	Thus, pioglitazone promotes CYP11B2 expression but nevertheless inhibits aldosterone production in AngII-treated HAC15 cells, likely by blocking global protein translation initiation through DDIT3 and phospho-eIF2alpha.	Pioglitazone	6-18	cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 2	Homo sapiens	28-35
25038520-9	2014	Thus, pioglitazone promotes CYP11B2 expression but nevertheless inhibits aldosterone production in AngII-treated HAC15 cells, likely by blocking global protein translation initiation through DDIT3 and phospho-eIF2alpha.	Pioglitazone	6-18	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	99-104
25038520-9	2014	Thus, pioglitazone promotes CYP11B2 expression but nevertheless inhibits aldosterone production in AngII-treated HAC15 cells, likely by blocking global protein translation initiation through DDIT3 and phospho-eIF2alpha.	Pioglitazone	6-18	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	191-196
25038520-9	2014	Thus, pioglitazone promotes CYP11B2 expression but nevertheless inhibits aldosterone production in AngII-treated HAC15 cells, likely by blocking global protein translation initiation through DDIT3 and phospho-eIF2alpha.	Pioglitazone	6-18	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Homo sapiens	209-218
25038520-10	2014	In contrast, pioglitazone promoted AngII-induced CYP11B1 expression and cortisol production.	Pioglitazone	13-25	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	35-40
25038520-10	2014	In contrast, pioglitazone promoted AngII-induced CYP11B1 expression and cortisol production.	Pioglitazone	13-25	cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	49-56
25138792-1	2014	UNLABELLED: Differential activation/deactivation of insulin signaling, PI-3K and MAP-K pathways by high glucose and palmitate, with/out the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone (PIO), have been previously shown in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).	Pioglitazone	159-171	insulin	Homo sapiens	52-59
25138792-1	2014	UNLABELLED: Differential activation/deactivation of insulin signaling, PI-3K and MAP-K pathways by high glucose and palmitate, with/out the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone (PIO), have been previously shown in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).	Pioglitazone	159-171	insulin	Homo sapiens	140-147
26171320-4	2014	Pioglitazone is classified as an insulin-sensitizing, anti-hyperglycemic agent.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
26171320-5	2014	The mechanism of action associated with pioglitazone includes the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma with stable improvement in glycemic control in diabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	40-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	80-128
25170294-8	2014	By RT-PCR, pioglitazone significantly increased ALP expression in periosteal-derived cells between culture day 3 and 2 weeks.	Pioglitazone	11-23	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	48-51
25170294-9	2014	Pioglitazone increased Runx2 expression after 3 days, which declined thereafter, but did not alter osteocalcin expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	23-28
25170294-11	2014	These results suggest that pioglitazone enhances osteoblastic differentiation of periosteal-derived cells by increasing Runx2 and ALP mRNA expression, and increasing mineralization.	Pioglitazone	27-39	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	120-125
25170294-11	2014	These results suggest that pioglitazone enhances osteoblastic differentiation of periosteal-derived cells by increasing Runx2 and ALP mRNA expression, and increasing mineralization.	Pioglitazone	27-39	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	130-133
24917395-8	2014	In addition, treatment with the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone profoundly inhibited SCC proliferation.	Pioglitazone	50-62	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	32-41
25211446-0	2014	Hydrochloride pioglitazone protects diabetic rats against podocyte injury through preserving glomerular podocalyxin expression.	Pioglitazone	14-26	podocalyxin-like	Rattus norvegicus	104-115
25211446-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: We sought to test the effect of different dosages of pioglitazone (PIO) on the glomerular expression of podocalyxin and urinary sediment podocalyxin excretion and to explore the potential renoprotective mechanism.	Pioglitazone	64-76	podocalyxin-like	Rattus norvegicus	115-126
25211446-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: We sought to test the effect of different dosages of pioglitazone (PIO) on the glomerular expression of podocalyxin and urinary sediment podocalyxin excretion and to explore the potential renoprotective mechanism.	Pioglitazone	64-76	podocalyxin-like	Rattus norvegicus	148-159
25211446-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: We sought to test the effect of different dosages of pioglitazone (PIO) on the glomerular expression of podocalyxin and urinary sediment podocalyxin excretion and to explore the potential renoprotective mechanism.	Pioglitazone	78-81	podocalyxin-like	Rattus norvegicus	115-126
25211446-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: We sought to test the effect of different dosages of pioglitazone (PIO) on the glomerular expression of podocalyxin and urinary sediment podocalyxin excretion and to explore the potential renoprotective mechanism.	Pioglitazone	78-81	podocalyxin-like	Rattus norvegicus	148-159
24913817-7	2014	Finally, pioglitazone increases levels of miR125a in HBEC K-ras cells via PEA3 downregulation.	Pioglitazone	9-21	microRNA 125a	Homo sapiens	42-49
24913817-7	2014	Finally, pioglitazone increases levels of miR125a in HBEC K-ras cells via PEA3 downregulation.	Pioglitazone	9-21	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	58-63
24913817-7	2014	Finally, pioglitazone increases levels of miR125a in HBEC K-ras cells via PEA3 downregulation.	Pioglitazone	9-21	ETS variant transcription factor 4	Homo sapiens	74-78
24913817-8	2014	In addition, pioglitazone and miR125a overexpression elicit similar phenotypic responses, including suppression of both proliferation and VEGF production.	Pioglitazone	13-25	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	138-142
24917395-8	2014	In addition, treatment with the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone profoundly inhibited SCC proliferation.	Pioglitazone	50-62	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	84-87
24917395-11	2014	This work suggests that PGD2 and its metabolite 15d-PGJ2 attenuate SCC proliferation in a PPARgamma-dependent manner, therefore activation of PPARgamma by agonists such as pioglitazone may benefit those at high risk of SCC.	Pioglitazone	172-184	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	67-70
24917395-11	2014	This work suggests that PGD2 and its metabolite 15d-PGJ2 attenuate SCC proliferation in a PPARgamma-dependent manner, therefore activation of PPARgamma by agonists such as pioglitazone may benefit those at high risk of SCC.	Pioglitazone	172-184	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	90-99
24917395-11	2014	This work suggests that PGD2 and its metabolite 15d-PGJ2 attenuate SCC proliferation in a PPARgamma-dependent manner, therefore activation of PPARgamma by agonists such as pioglitazone may benefit those at high risk of SCC.	Pioglitazone	172-184	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	142-151
24917395-11	2014	This work suggests that PGD2 and its metabolite 15d-PGJ2 attenuate SCC proliferation in a PPARgamma-dependent manner, therefore activation of PPARgamma by agonists such as pioglitazone may benefit those at high risk of SCC.	Pioglitazone	172-184	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	219-222
24890117-0	2014	Pioglitazone inhibits the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9, a protein involved in diabetes-associated wound healing.	Pioglitazone	0-12	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	40-66
24484282-6	2014	Interestingly, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression by visceral adipose tissue Treg cells is crucial for their accumulation, phenotype and function in the fat and surprisingly necessary for complete restoration of insulin sensitivity in obese mice by the anti-diabetic drug Pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	297-309	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	15-63
24484282-6	2014	Interestingly, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression by visceral adipose tissue Treg cells is crucial for their accumulation, phenotype and function in the fat and surprisingly necessary for complete restoration of insulin sensitivity in obese mice by the anti-diabetic drug Pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	297-309	WD and tetratricopeptide repeats 1	Mus musculus	87-94
24771068-0	2014	Protective effect of pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.	Pioglitazone	21-33	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	37-46
24771068-3	2014	Pioglitazone, PPARgamma ligand, is clinically tested and used in treatment of diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	14-23
24890117-2	2014	The present study aimed to determine whether pioglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), inhibits the expression of MMP-9.	Pioglitazone	45-57	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	73-121
24890117-2	2014	The present study aimed to determine whether pioglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), inhibits the expression of MMP-9.	Pioglitazone	45-57	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	123-133
24890117-2	2014	The present study aimed to determine whether pioglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), inhibits the expression of MMP-9.	Pioglitazone	45-57	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	163-168
24890117-8	2014	Pioglitazone (0.5 or 1 microMu) significantly inhibited the levels of MMP-9 in the treated HaCaT cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	70-75
24890117-9	2014	Pioglitazone (0.5 or 1 microMu) also suppressed the levels of MMP-9 in the cell culture medium.	Pioglitazone	0-12	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	62-67
24890117-10	2014	Pioglitazone at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 microMu significantly suppressed the levels of MMP-9 mRNA to 20 or 8%, respectively.	Pioglitazone	0-12	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	91-96
24890117-11	2014	These results suggest that pioglitazone is able to effectively suppress the expression of MMP-9 via a transcriptional mechanism.	Pioglitazone	27-39	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	90-95
25108428-12	2014	The study also found that high-dose pioglitazone and TLR4 antagonist Eritoran could reduce the expression of TLR4 in the diabetic rats, but the difference from the group of low-dose pioglitazone plus Eritoran was not significant statistically (P&gt;0.05).	Pioglitazone	36-48	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	109-113
25108428-0	2014	[Effect of pioglitazone on the expression of TLR4 in renal tissue of diabetic rats].	Pioglitazone	11-23	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
25108428-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of pioglitazone on the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in renal tissue of diabetic rats.	Pioglitazone	40-52	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	74-94
25108428-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of pioglitazone on the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in renal tissue of diabetic rats.	Pioglitazone	40-52	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	96-100
25108428-11	2014	In addition, the expression of TLR4 in high-dose pioglitazone significantly decreased compared with low-dose pioglitazone (P&lt;0.05).	Pioglitazone	49-61	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
25108428-11	2014	In addition, the expression of TLR4 in high-dose pioglitazone significantly decreased compared with low-dose pioglitazone (P&lt;0.05).	Pioglitazone	109-121	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
25092992-12	2014	Only pioglitazone increased serum adiponectin levels, and the change in adiponectin between the pioglitazone and glimepiride groups was significantly different.	Pioglitazone	5-17	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	34-45
25092992-12	2014	Only pioglitazone increased serum adiponectin levels, and the change in adiponectin between the pioglitazone and glimepiride groups was significantly different.	Pioglitazone	96-108	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	72-83
24890090-5	2014	PPAR-gamma gene expression was significantly increased by compound 5e (2.56-fold) in comparison to standard drug pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	113-125	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-10
25010722-2	2014	This study examined adipose pathology of insulin resistant subjects who were treated with pioglitazone or fish oil.	Pioglitazone	90-102	insulin	Homo sapiens	41-48
25010722-8	2014	Although there were no changes in total collagen protein, pioglitazone increased the amount of elastin protein in adipose by 6-fold.	Pioglitazone	58-70	elastin	Homo sapiens	95-102
25010722-9	2014	CONCLUSION: The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone increased adipocyte size yet improved other features of adipose, increasing capillary number and reducing mast cells and inflammatory macrophages.	Pioglitazone	34-46	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	16-25
24722496-0	2014	Can a selective PPARgamma modulator improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes with fewer side effects compared with pioglitazone?	Pioglitazone	132-144	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	16-25
24456224-3	2014	In this report, we demonstrate that another PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone is also beneficial as a treatment for early murine lupus, indicating that this is a class effect and not agent-specific.	Pioglitazone	63-75	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	44-53
25059040-1	2014	Administration of rutin (50 and 100 mg/kg) and pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) orally for 3 weeks treatment significantly improved body weight, reduced plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha), restored the depleted liver antioxidant status and serum lipid profile in high fat diet + streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats.	Pioglitazone	47-59	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	216-220
25059040-1	2014	Administration of rutin (50 and 100 mg/kg) and pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) orally for 3 weeks treatment significantly improved body weight, reduced plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha), restored the depleted liver antioxidant status and serum lipid profile in high fat diet + streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats.	Pioglitazone	47-59	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	225-234
24029145-0	2014	Pioglitazone reduces inflammation through inhibition of NF-kappaB in polymicrobial sepsis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	56-65
24029145-1	2014	The insulin sensitizing thiazolidinedione drugs, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists and reduce pro-inflammatory responses in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease, and may be beneficial in sepsis.	Pioglitazone	67-79	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	93-141
24029145-8	2014	Pioglitazone treatment improved plasma Glc and adiponectin levels, and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	47-58
24029145-9	2014	Lung IkappaBalpha protein expression increased and corresponded with a decrease in NF-kappaB activity in the lung from pioglitazone-treated mice.	Pioglitazone	119-131	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha	Mus musculus	5-17
24029145-9	2014	Lung IkappaBalpha protein expression increased and corresponded with a decrease in NF-kappaB activity in the lung from pioglitazone-treated mice.	Pioglitazone	119-131	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	83-92
24029145-10	2014	Pioglitazone reduces the inflammatory response in polymicrobial sepsis in part through inhibition of NF-kappaB and may be a novel therapy in sepsis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	101-110
25121371-0	2014	Pioglitazone: Hype and hope.	Pioglitazone	0-12	FIC domain protein adenylyltransferase	Homo sapiens	14-18
25108428-13	2014	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone may exert the anti-inflammatory action by decreasing the expression of TLR4 in renal tissue and regulating the balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory.	Pioglitazone	12-24	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	96-100
24972069-12	2014	Furthermore, T0901317 exerted an antagonistic effect on the expression of adiponectin in adipocytes co-treated with 3 microM Pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	125-137	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	74-85
24620964-8	2014	DISCUSSION: These results demonstrate that PPAR-gamma is expressed in the SNpc and putamen of nonhuman primates and, that the dopaminergic nigral neurons expressing PPAR-gamma are more likely to survive neurotoxin challenge after ligand activation by pioglitazone, therefore providing neuroanatomical validation for the use of PPAR-gamma agonists in Parkinson"s disease (PD).	Pioglitazone	251-263	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Macaca mulatta	43-53
24620964-8	2014	DISCUSSION: These results demonstrate that PPAR-gamma is expressed in the SNpc and putamen of nonhuman primates and, that the dopaminergic nigral neurons expressing PPAR-gamma are more likely to survive neurotoxin challenge after ligand activation by pioglitazone, therefore providing neuroanatomical validation for the use of PPAR-gamma agonists in Parkinson"s disease (PD).	Pioglitazone	251-263	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Macaca mulatta	165-175
24620964-8	2014	DISCUSSION: These results demonstrate that PPAR-gamma is expressed in the SNpc and putamen of nonhuman primates and, that the dopaminergic nigral neurons expressing PPAR-gamma are more likely to survive neurotoxin challenge after ligand activation by pioglitazone, therefore providing neuroanatomical validation for the use of PPAR-gamma agonists in Parkinson"s disease (PD).	Pioglitazone	251-263	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Macaca mulatta	165-175
25695301-1	2014	INTRODUCTION: The thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone) increases the action of insulin and produces the glycemic control in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	38-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
24727493-0	2014	Pioglitazone reduces angiotensin II-induced COX-2 expression through inhibition of ROS production and ET-1 transcription in vascular cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	21-35
24713471-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Pioglitazone modulates adipocyte differentiation and enhances adiponectin promoter activity to increase plasma adiponectin levels.	Pioglitazone	12-24	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	74-85
24713471-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Pioglitazone modulates adipocyte differentiation and enhances adiponectin promoter activity to increase plasma adiponectin levels.	Pioglitazone	12-24	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	123-134
24713471-8	2014	TNF-alpha levels in the pioglitazone-treated CLP group were significantly lower than those in the CLP group.	Pioglitazone	24-36	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	0-9
24793312-9	2014	In addition, pretreatment with 10 mumol/L PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone was more effective in protecting CGCs against B27 deprivation-induced apoptosis, whereas pretreatment with 20 mumol/L PPARgamma antagonist GW9662 abolished all the effects of telmisartan in CGCs deprived of B27.	Pioglitazone	60-72	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	42-51
24727493-2	2014	This study analyzed whether pioglitazone modulates COX-2 expression in hypertension by interfering with ROS and endothelin (ET)-1.	Pioglitazone	28-40	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	51-56
24727493-2	2014	This study analyzed whether pioglitazone modulates COX-2 expression in hypertension by interfering with ROS and endothelin (ET)-1.	Pioglitazone	28-40	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	112-129
24727493-3	2014	In vivo, pioglitazone (2.5 mg kg(-1) day(-1), 28 days) reduced the greater levels of COX-2, pre-pro-ET-1, and NADPH oxidase (NOX) expression and activity as well as O2 ( -) production found in aortas from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).	Pioglitazone	9-21	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	85-90
24727493-3	2014	In vivo, pioglitazone (2.5 mg kg(-1) day(-1), 28 days) reduced the greater levels of COX-2, pre-pro-ET-1, and NADPH oxidase (NOX) expression and activity as well as O2 ( -) production found in aortas from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).	Pioglitazone	9-21	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-104
24727493-9	2014	Pioglitazone reduced the effects of ANG II on NOX activity, NOX-1, pre-pro-ET-1, COX-2, and c-Jun mRNA levels, JNK activation, and nuclear phospho-c-Jun and p65 expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	36-42
24727493-9	2014	Pioglitazone reduced the effects of ANG II on NOX activity, NOX-1, pre-pro-ET-1, COX-2, and c-Jun mRNA levels, JNK activation, and nuclear phospho-c-Jun and p65 expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	NADPH oxidase 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-65
24727493-9	2014	Pioglitazone reduced the effects of ANG II on NOX activity, NOX-1, pre-pro-ET-1, COX-2, and c-Jun mRNA levels, JNK activation, and nuclear phospho-c-Jun and p65 expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-79
24727493-9	2014	Pioglitazone reduced the effects of ANG II on NOX activity, NOX-1, pre-pro-ET-1, COX-2, and c-Jun mRNA levels, JNK activation, and nuclear phospho-c-Jun and p65 expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	81-86
24727493-9	2014	Pioglitazone reduced the effects of ANG II on NOX activity, NOX-1, pre-pro-ET-1, COX-2, and c-Jun mRNA levels, JNK activation, and nuclear phospho-c-Jun and p65 expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
24727493-9	2014	Pioglitazone reduced the effects of ANG II on NOX activity, NOX-1, pre-pro-ET-1, COX-2, and c-Jun mRNA levels, JNK activation, and nuclear phospho-c-Jun and p65 expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	157-160
24727493-11	2014	Furthermore, pioglitazone inhibits ANG II-induced COX-2 expression likely by interfering with NF-kappaB and activator protein-1 proinflammatory pathways and downregulating ROS production and ET-1 transcription, thus contributing to the anti-inflammatory properties of glitazones.	Pioglitazone	13-25	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	35-41
24727493-11	2014	Furthermore, pioglitazone inhibits ANG II-induced COX-2 expression likely by interfering with NF-kappaB and activator protein-1 proinflammatory pathways and downregulating ROS production and ET-1 transcription, thus contributing to the anti-inflammatory properties of glitazones.	Pioglitazone	13-25	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
24727493-11	2014	Furthermore, pioglitazone inhibits ANG II-induced COX-2 expression likely by interfering with NF-kappaB and activator protein-1 proinflammatory pathways and downregulating ROS production and ET-1 transcription, thus contributing to the anti-inflammatory properties of glitazones.	Pioglitazone	13-25	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	191-195
24704627-8	2014	Redistribution of JAM-A resulted in an increased leukocyte adhesion and transmigration, which could be inhibited with antibodies against JAM-A or by lovastatin-treatment, but not with the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma-agonist pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	245-257	F11 receptor	Homo sapiens	18-23
24727234-9	2014	Furthermore, RAGE expression in mononuclear cells was significantly (p = 0.008) decreased to a greater degree in the pioglitazone group at 24 weeks (-7.39 +- 5.18 vs. -3.39 +- 5.72 MFI).	Pioglitazone	117-129	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	13-17
24727234-11	2014	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone suppresses RAGE expression and increases circulating sRAGE/esRAGE, and those activities are not necessarily dependent on plasma glucose or insulin resistance levels.	Pioglitazone	12-24	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	36-40
24769306-1	2014	OBJECTIVES: This study tested the hypothesis that pioglitazone reduces endothelin-1 activity in the forearm vasculature in non-diabetic patients with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia and variable degrees of insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	50-62	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	71-83
24769306-1	2014	OBJECTIVES: This study tested the hypothesis that pioglitazone reduces endothelin-1 activity in the forearm vasculature in non-diabetic patients with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia and variable degrees of insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	211-218
24769306-5	2014	RESULTS: Pioglitazone lowered plasma insulin (P &lt; 0.001), improved insulin sensitivity (P &lt; 0.001), increased HDL (P &lt; 0.001), and reduced triglycerides (P = 0.003), free fatty acids (P = 0.005), and C-reactive protein (P = 0.001).	Pioglitazone	9-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
24769306-5	2014	RESULTS: Pioglitazone lowered plasma insulin (P &lt; 0.001), improved insulin sensitivity (P &lt; 0.001), increased HDL (P &lt; 0.001), and reduced triglycerides (P = 0.003), free fatty acids (P = 0.005), and C-reactive protein (P = 0.001).	Pioglitazone	9-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
24769306-5	2014	RESULTS: Pioglitazone lowered plasma insulin (P &lt; 0.001), improved insulin sensitivity (P &lt; 0.001), increased HDL (P &lt; 0.001), and reduced triglycerides (P = 0.003), free fatty acids (P = 0.005), and C-reactive protein (P = 0.001).	Pioglitazone	9-21	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	209-227
24769306-7	2014	Hence, in non-diabetic patients with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia, PPARgamma activation with pioglitazone does not affect endothelin-1 activity, despite enhancing insulin sensitivity and reducing plasma insulin and C-reactive protein levels.	Pioglitazone	101-113	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	75-84
24769306-8	2014	CONCLUSIONS: In non-diabetic patients with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia, pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and inflammation but does not affect endothelin activity.	Pioglitazone	81-93	insulin	Homo sapiens	103-110
24715548-0	2014	PPAR-gamma agonism as a modulator of mood: proof-of-concept for pioglitazone in bipolar depression.	Pioglitazone	64-76	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-10
24715548-6	2014	RESULTS: Supporting an association between insulin sensitization and depression severity, pioglitazone treatment was associated with a decrease in the total Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS-C30) score from 38.7 +- 8.2 at baseline to 21.2 +- 9.2 at week 8 (p &lt; 0.001).	Pioglitazone	90-102	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
24715548-12	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Open-label administration of the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone was associated with improvement in depressive symptoms and reduced cardio-metabolic risk.	Pioglitazone	65-77	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	46-56
24705615-2	2014	We examined whether plasma adiponectin levels at baseline and after pioglitazone treatment in impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) subjects were associated with improved insulin sensitivity (SI) and glucose tolerance status.	Pioglitazone	68-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	166-173
24705615-5	2014	In pioglitazone-treated subjects, plasma adiponectin concentration increased threefold from 13 +- 0.5 to 38 +- 2.5 mug/mL (P &lt; 0.001) and was strongly correlated with the improvement in SI (r = 0.436, P &lt; 0.001) and modestly correlated with glucose area under the curve during oral glucose tolerance test (r = 0.238, P &lt; 0.005) and insulin secretion/insulin resistance index (r = 0.306, P &lt; 0.005).	Pioglitazone	3-15	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	41-52
24705615-10	2014	The increase in plasma adiponectin concentration after pioglitazone therapy in IGT subjects is strongly related to improved glucose tolerance status and enhanced tissue sensitivity to insulin.	Pioglitazone	55-67	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	23-34
24705615-10	2014	The increase in plasma adiponectin concentration after pioglitazone therapy in IGT subjects is strongly related to improved glucose tolerance status and enhanced tissue sensitivity to insulin.	Pioglitazone	55-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	184-191
24530596-2	2014	Since peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists like pioglitazone (PIO) regulate inflammatory response and inhibit angiogenesis in endothelial cells, we evaluated PIO as treatment for experimental portal hypertension.	Pioglitazone	81-93	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	6-54
24530596-2	2014	Since peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists like pioglitazone (PIO) regulate inflammatory response and inhibit angiogenesis in endothelial cells, we evaluated PIO as treatment for experimental portal hypertension.	Pioglitazone	81-93	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	56-65
26455221-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of pharmacologic delay with pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, on extended perforator flap survival in a rat model.	Pioglitazone	65-77	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	81-129
26455221-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of pharmacologic delay with pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, on extended perforator flap survival in a rat model.	Pioglitazone	65-77	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	131-141
24727493-0	2014	Pioglitazone reduces angiotensin II-induced COX-2 expression through inhibition of ROS production and ET-1 transcription in vascular cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	44-49
24727493-0	2014	Pioglitazone reduces angiotensin II-induced COX-2 expression through inhibition of ROS production and ET-1 transcription in vascular cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	102-106
24582928-0	2014	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, provides comparable protection to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril against adriamycin nephropathy in rat.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	16-25
24582928-8	2014	These results demonstrate that in a nondiabetic renal disease, such as adriamycin-induced nephropathy, PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone provides renoprotection to a similar extent as an ACE inhibitor by interfering with the expression of local RAS components and attenuating related profibrotic and inflammatory mechanisms.	Pioglitazone	121-133	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	103-112
24940437-8	2014	Therefore, the administration of metformin and pioglitazone in patients with T2DM may improve insulin function, reduce the role of IR and improve endothelial function.	Pioglitazone	47-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	94-101
24843782-0	2014	Pioglitazone and metformin are equally effective in reduction of chemerin in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	retinoic acid receptor responder 2	Homo sapiens	65-73
24843782-2	2014	We investigated the effects of pioglitazone and metformin, two commonly prescribed antidiabetic agents, on the reduction of serum chemerin concentrations.	Pioglitazone	31-43	retinoic acid receptor responder 2	Homo sapiens	130-138
24843782-8	2014	There was a significant decrease in chemerin concentrations after 3 months in the pioglitazone group (P = 0.008).	Pioglitazone	82-94	retinoic acid receptor responder 2	Homo sapiens	36-44
24843782-10	2014	When compared, metformin and pioglitazone proved to be equally effective in the alleviation of chemerin concentrations (P = 0.895, effect size: 0.1%).	Pioglitazone	29-41	retinoic acid receptor responder 2	Homo sapiens	95-103
24843782-11	2014	CONCLUSIONS: The present findings show that pioglitazone and metformin have comparable efficacy on serum chemerin concentrations, albeit through different mechanisms.	Pioglitazone	44-56	retinoic acid receptor responder 2	Homo sapiens	105-113
24626526-5	2014	A PPAR-gamma agonist, pioglitazone (PIO), was used to treat dry eye mice.	Pioglitazone	22-34	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	2-12
24408111-0	2014	Pioglitazone inhibits HIF-1alpha-dependent angiogenesis in rats by paracrine and direct effects on endothelial cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
24408111-2	2014	We hypothesized that pioglitazone would decrease hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha)-dependent angiogenesis in rat ischemic hindlimb models by altering mitochondrial-derived signals supporting HIF-1alpha activation.	Pioglitazone	21-33	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	49-80
24408111-2	2014	We hypothesized that pioglitazone would decrease hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha)-dependent angiogenesis in rat ischemic hindlimb models by altering mitochondrial-derived signals supporting HIF-1alpha activation.	Pioglitazone	21-33	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
24408111-2	2014	We hypothesized that pioglitazone would decrease hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha)-dependent angiogenesis in rat ischemic hindlimb models by altering mitochondrial-derived signals supporting HIF-1alpha activation.	Pioglitazone	21-33	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	202-212
24408111-5	2014	HIF-1alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in ischemic muscle were also reduced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	108-120	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
24408111-5	2014	HIF-1alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in ischemic muscle were also reduced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	108-120	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	15-49
24408111-5	2014	HIF-1alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in ischemic muscle were also reduced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	108-120	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	51-55
24408111-6	2014	In vitro, pioglitazone"s effects on both skeletal muscle cells and microvascular endothelial cells were associated with a decrease in autocrine and paracrine angiogenesis measured by matrigel assay, decreased HIF-1alpha expression and activation, as well as increases in both mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and alpha-ketoglutarate, both mitochondria-derived signals which promote HIF-1alpha degradation.	Pioglitazone	10-22	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	209-219
24408111-6	2014	In vitro, pioglitazone"s effects on both skeletal muscle cells and microvascular endothelial cells were associated with a decrease in autocrine and paracrine angiogenesis measured by matrigel assay, decreased HIF-1alpha expression and activation, as well as increases in both mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and alpha-ketoglutarate, both mitochondria-derived signals which promote HIF-1alpha degradation.	Pioglitazone	10-22	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	387-397
24408111-7	2014	We conclude that pioglitazone is associated with decreased ischemic limb perfusion and capillary density in relevant rat models of hindlimb ischemia, and these effects are mediated by mitochondria-dependent reductions in HIF-1alpha-dependent angiogenesis.	Pioglitazone	17-29	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	221-231
24408111-9	2014	Pioglitazone inhibits HIF-1alpha by inhibiting mitochondrial stabilization of HIF-1.	Pioglitazone	0-12	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
24626526-5	2014	A PPAR-gamma agonist, pioglitazone (PIO), was used to treat dry eye mice.	Pioglitazone	36-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	2-12
24769037-9	2014	Pioglitazone decreased hippocampal beta-amyloid accumulation and Fas ligand, but did not ameliorate the neurobehavioural deficits induced by MSG.	Pioglitazone	0-12	Fas ligand	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
24277156-2	2014	The current study was carried out to investigate the effects of chronic administration of pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist, on cognitive impairment in an animal model of Alzheimer"s disease induced by beta-amyloid.	Pioglitazone	90-102	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
24277156-8	2014	Pioglitazone also significantly restored the BDNF level and attenuated the actions of inflammatory markers in ICV betaA-treated rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
24277156-9	2014	However, pretreatment with PPAR-gamma antagonist BADGE (15 mg/kg) with higher dose of pioglitazone significantly reversed its protective action in memory impairment in betaA-treated rats, which indicates the involvement of PPAR-gamma receptors mediating neuroprotective action.	Pioglitazone	86-98	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
24277156-9	2014	However, pretreatment with PPAR-gamma antagonist BADGE (15 mg/kg) with higher dose of pioglitazone significantly reversed its protective action in memory impairment in betaA-treated rats, which indicates the involvement of PPAR-gamma receptors mediating neuroprotective action.	Pioglitazone	86-98	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	223-233
24704452-0	2014	22(R)-hydroxycholesterol and pioglitazone synergistically decrease cholesterol ester via the PPARgamma-LXRalpha-ABCA1 pathway in cholesterosis of the gallbladder.	Pioglitazone	29-41	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	93-102
24704452-0	2014	22(R)-hydroxycholesterol and pioglitazone synergistically decrease cholesterol ester via the PPARgamma-LXRalpha-ABCA1 pathway in cholesterosis of the gallbladder.	Pioglitazone	29-41	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3	Homo sapiens	103-111
24704452-0	2014	22(R)-hydroxycholesterol and pioglitazone synergistically decrease cholesterol ester via the PPARgamma-LXRalpha-ABCA1 pathway in cholesterosis of the gallbladder.	Pioglitazone	29-41	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	112-117
24704452-5	2014	While pioglitazone can regulate the activation of PPARgamma, 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol can activate LXRalpha and is a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones.	Pioglitazone	6-18	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	50-59
24704452-10	2014	The combination of 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol and pioglitazone resulted in a 3.64-fold increase in ABCA1 expression and a high rate of cholesterol efflux.	Pioglitazone	48-60	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	97-102
24704452-12	2014	In conclusion, the present findings indicate that the anti-lipid deposition action of 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol combined with pioglitazone involves the activation of the PPARgamma-LXRalpha-ABCA1 pathway, increased ABCA1 expression and the efflux of cholesterol from GBECs.	Pioglitazone	125-137	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	169-178
24704452-12	2014	In conclusion, the present findings indicate that the anti-lipid deposition action of 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol combined with pioglitazone involves the activation of the PPARgamma-LXRalpha-ABCA1 pathway, increased ABCA1 expression and the efflux of cholesterol from GBECs.	Pioglitazone	125-137	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3	Homo sapiens	179-187
24704452-12	2014	In conclusion, the present findings indicate that the anti-lipid deposition action of 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol combined with pioglitazone involves the activation of the PPARgamma-LXRalpha-ABCA1 pathway, increased ABCA1 expression and the efflux of cholesterol from GBECs.	Pioglitazone	125-137	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	188-193
24704452-12	2014	In conclusion, the present findings indicate that the anti-lipid deposition action of 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol combined with pioglitazone involves the activation of the PPARgamma-LXRalpha-ABCA1 pathway, increased ABCA1 expression and the efflux of cholesterol from GBECs.	Pioglitazone	125-137	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	213-218
24762064-0	2014	Beneficial effects of pioglitazone and metformin in murine model of polycystic ovaries via improvement of chemerin gene up-regulation.	Pioglitazone	22-34	retinoic acid receptor responder (tazarotene induced) 2	Mus musculus	106-114
24762064-8	2014	We observed that metformin and pioglitazone attenuated ovarian chemerin expression and improved insulin resistance and abnormal steroid production in PCO rats.	Pioglitazone	31-43	retinoic acid receptor responder 2	Rattus norvegicus	63-71
24762064-9	2014	CONCLUSION: Based on data presented here we concluded that alteration of ovarian chemerin expression may has important role in PCO development and manipulation of chemerin expression or signaling by pioglitazone or metformin can be a novel therapeutic mechanism in the treatment of PCO patients by these drugs.	Pioglitazone	199-211	retinoic acid receptor responder 2	Homo sapiens	163-171
23389468-0	2014	Gender differences in non-glycemic responses to improved insulin sensitivity by pioglitazone treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	80-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	57-64
23389468-2	2014	To study whether the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone affects basal cortisol levels and the GH-IGF-I axis in patients with T2D.	Pioglitazone	40-52	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
23389468-5	2014	Pioglitazone decreased proinsulin/insulin ratio and HbA(1c) decreased (HbA(1c) from 7.8 +- 0.2 to 6.6 +- 0.2% in men and from 7.6 +- 0.2 to 6.1 +- 0.2% in women, p &lt; 0.001 in both).	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	23-33
23830318-3	2014	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, was administered in a rat model of spinal cord ischemia, and the extent of neurological damage and histological alterations were assessed.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	16-25
23389468-5	2014	Pioglitazone decreased proinsulin/insulin ratio and HbA(1c) decreased (HbA(1c) from 7.8 +- 0.2 to 6.6 +- 0.2% in men and from 7.6 +- 0.2 to 6.1 +- 0.2% in women, p &lt; 0.001 in both).	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	26-33
23389468-13	2014	In addition to the known effect of improving insulin sensitivity, pioglitazone increased IGF-I regardless of gender and in women also increased basal cortisol.	Pioglitazone	66-78	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	89-94
23389468-15	2014	There seems to be gender differences in treatment responses to pioglitazone on lipid metabolism and basal cortisol, perhaps correcting different mechanisms of insulin resistance between genders.	Pioglitazone	63-75	insulin	Homo sapiens	159-166
23830318-12	2014	CONCLUSIONS: PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone pretreatment significantly reduces infarct volume and attenuates neurological deficits following spinal cord ischemia.	Pioglitazone	31-43	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	13-22
24761121-8	2014	However, the experimental NASH rats treated with pioglitazone, with quercetin and with hydroxy citric acid showed an obvious decrease in ALT, AST, GGT and LDH levels when compared with that of NASH induced group.	Pioglitazone	49-61	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	147-150
24667808-7	2014	Similarly, the PPARgamma agonist Pioglitazone was proven capable of reversing all aspects of cardiac remodeling without affecting the vasculature.	Pioglitazone	33-45	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	15-24
24684779-7	2014	RESULTS: Simvastatin significantly reduced plasma interleukin-6, leptin, resistin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (p &lt; 0.001 for all); pioglitazone reduced interleukin-6, tumoral necrose factor-alpha, resistin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (p &lt; 0.001 for all).	Pioglitazone	145-157	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	166-179
24684779-7	2014	RESULTS: Simvastatin significantly reduced plasma interleukin-6, leptin, resistin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (p &lt; 0.001 for all); pioglitazone reduced interleukin-6, tumoral necrose factor-alpha, resistin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (p &lt; 0.001 for all).	Pioglitazone	145-157	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	224-250
24684779-8	2014	Simvastatin + pioglitazone treatment further reduced plasmatic variables, including interleukin-6, tumoral necrose factor-alpha, resistin, asymmetric dimethylarginine and metalloproteinase-9 vs. the control group (p &lt; 0.001).	Pioglitazone	14-26	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	84-97
24486063-0	2014	Change in serum PEDF level after pioglitazone treatment is independently correlated with that in HOMA-IR.	Pioglitazone	33-45	serpin family F member 1	Homo sapiens	16-20
24360748-0	2014	The effect of FFAR1 on pioglitazone-mediated attenuation of palmitic acid-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in betaTC6 cells.	Pioglitazone	23-35	free fatty acid receptor 1	Mus musculus	14-19
24489087-7	2014	We also observed reduced proinflammatory cytokine production and high IL-10 levels in pioglitazone-treated mice.	Pioglitazone	86-98	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	70-75
24489087-10	2014	These data demonstrate that the primary mechanism by which pioglitazone protects against polymicrobial sepsis is through the impairment of MyD88 responses.	Pioglitazone	59-71	myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88	Mus musculus	139-144
24360748-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1), a receptor for free fatty acids on the beta-cell membrane, can mediate the pioglitazone (PIO)-attenuating effect on lipoapoptosis in beta cells and its relationship to oxidative stress.	Pioglitazone	153-165	free fatty acid receptor 1	Mus musculus	42-68
24360748-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1), a receptor for free fatty acids on the beta-cell membrane, can mediate the pioglitazone (PIO)-attenuating effect on lipoapoptosis in beta cells and its relationship to oxidative stress.	Pioglitazone	153-165	free fatty acid receptor 1	Mus musculus	70-75
24360748-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1), a receptor for free fatty acids on the beta-cell membrane, can mediate the pioglitazone (PIO)-attenuating effect on lipoapoptosis in beta cells and its relationship to oxidative stress.	Pioglitazone	167-170	free fatty acid receptor 1	Mus musculus	42-68
24360748-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1), a receptor for free fatty acids on the beta-cell membrane, can mediate the pioglitazone (PIO)-attenuating effect on lipoapoptosis in beta cells and its relationship to oxidative stress.	Pioglitazone	167-170	free fatty acid receptor 1	Mus musculus	70-75
24606795-40	2014	As strategies to induce PGC-1alpha activation, these authors remark the possibility to activate Sirt1 with resveratrol, to use PPAR agonists such as pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, fenofibrate and bezafibrate.	Pioglitazone	149-161	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	24-34
24456944-5	2014	Preliminary results suggest that PPARgamma agonists such as Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone and synthetic agonist, GW1929, are used as the therapeutic agent in neurological disorders.	Pioglitazone	60-72	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	33-42
24347054-1	2014	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonists like pioglitazone (PGZ) are effective antidiabetic drugs, but they induce fluid retention and body weight (BW) gain.	Pioglitazone	75-87	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-48
24347054-1	2014	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonists like pioglitazone (PGZ) are effective antidiabetic drugs, but they induce fluid retention and body weight (BW) gain.	Pioglitazone	75-87	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	50-59
24347054-1	2014	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonists like pioglitazone (PGZ) are effective antidiabetic drugs, but they induce fluid retention and body weight (BW) gain.	Pioglitazone	89-92	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-48
24347054-1	2014	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonists like pioglitazone (PGZ) are effective antidiabetic drugs, but they induce fluid retention and body weight (BW) gain.	Pioglitazone	89-92	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	50-59
24403080-1	2014	The human mitochondrial outer membrane protein mitoNEET is a novel target of the type II diabetes drug pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	103-115	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	47-55
24403080-6	2014	Furthermore, the binding of the type II diabetes drug pioglitazone in mitoNEET effectively inhibits the thiol-mediated reduction of [2Fe-2S] clusters, suggesting that pioglitazone may modulate the function of mitoNEET by blocking the thiol-mediated reduction of [2Fe-2S] clusters in the protein.	Pioglitazone	54-66	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	70-78
24403080-6	2014	Furthermore, the binding of the type II diabetes drug pioglitazone in mitoNEET effectively inhibits the thiol-mediated reduction of [2Fe-2S] clusters, suggesting that pioglitazone may modulate the function of mitoNEET by blocking the thiol-mediated reduction of [2Fe-2S] clusters in the protein.	Pioglitazone	54-66	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	209-217
24403080-6	2014	Furthermore, the binding of the type II diabetes drug pioglitazone in mitoNEET effectively inhibits the thiol-mediated reduction of [2Fe-2S] clusters, suggesting that pioglitazone may modulate the function of mitoNEET by blocking the thiol-mediated reduction of [2Fe-2S] clusters in the protein.	Pioglitazone	167-179	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	70-78
24403080-6	2014	Furthermore, the binding of the type II diabetes drug pioglitazone in mitoNEET effectively inhibits the thiol-mediated reduction of [2Fe-2S] clusters, suggesting that pioglitazone may modulate the function of mitoNEET by blocking the thiol-mediated reduction of [2Fe-2S] clusters in the protein.	Pioglitazone	167-179	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	209-217
24551137-0	2014	Direct inhibitory effects of pioglitazone on hepatic fetuin-A expression.	Pioglitazone	29-41	alpha 2-HS glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	53-61
24551137-3	2014	We previously reported that pioglitazone treatment significantly reduced serum fetuin-A levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	28-40	alpha 2-HS glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	79-87
24551137-5	2014	Pioglitazone treatment suppressed mRNA and protein expression of fetuin-A in Fao hepatoma cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	65-73
24551137-7	2014	In addition, GW 9662, an inhibitor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, reversed pioglitazone-induced suppression of fetuin-A, suggesting that thiazolidinedione derivatives may have common characteristics with regard to fetuin-A suppression, possibly through PPARgammaactivation.	Pioglitazone	104-116	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	38-93
24551137-7	2014	In addition, GW 9662, an inhibitor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, reversed pioglitazone-induced suppression of fetuin-A, suggesting that thiazolidinedione derivatives may have common characteristics with regard to fetuin-A suppression, possibly through PPARgammaactivation.	Pioglitazone	104-116	alpha 2-HS glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	140-148
24551137-7	2014	In addition, GW 9662, an inhibitor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, reversed pioglitazone-induced suppression of fetuin-A, suggesting that thiazolidinedione derivatives may have common characteristics with regard to fetuin-A suppression, possibly through PPARgammaactivation.	Pioglitazone	104-116	alpha 2-HS glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	243-251
24551137-8	2014	Finally, oral administration of pioglitazone to mice for 8 weeks resulted in suppression of hepatic fetuin-A mRNA.	Pioglitazone	32-44	alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein	Mus musculus	100-108
24551137-9	2014	These findings suggest that pioglitazone may partially ameliorate insulin resistance through its direct inhibitory effects on fetuin-A expression in the liver.	Pioglitazone	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
24551137-9	2014	These findings suggest that pioglitazone may partially ameliorate insulin resistance through its direct inhibitory effects on fetuin-A expression in the liver.	Pioglitazone	28-40	alpha 2-HS glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	126-134
24495352-3	2014	METHODS: In order to suppress neuroinflammation in the cKO mice, we first treated these mice with pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, and analyzed its effects on neuronal loss and longevity.	Pioglitazone	98-110	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	114-123
24495352-5	2014	RESULTS: We found that pioglitazone treatment significantly reduced astrogliosis, microgliosis, neuronal loss and behavioral deficit in Cdk5 cKO mice.	Pioglitazone	23-35	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Mus musculus	136-140
24495352-7	2014	CONCLUSION: The suppression of neuroinflammation in Cdk5 cKO mice ameliorates gliosis and neuronal loss, thus suggesting the potential beneficial effects of the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone for the treatment for neurodegenerative diseases.	Pioglitazone	179-191	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Mus musculus	52-56
24495352-7	2014	CONCLUSION: The suppression of neuroinflammation in Cdk5 cKO mice ameliorates gliosis and neuronal loss, thus suggesting the potential beneficial effects of the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone for the treatment for neurodegenerative diseases.	Pioglitazone	179-191	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	161-170
24639901-0	2014	Pioglitazone Inhibits the Expressions of p22(phox) and p47(phox) in Rat Mesangial Cells In Vitro.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome b-245 alpha chain	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
24639901-0	2014	Pioglitazone Inhibits the Expressions of p22(phox) and p47(phox) in Rat Mesangial Cells In Vitro.	Pioglitazone	0-12	NSFL1 cofactor	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
24639901-0	2014	Pioglitazone Inhibits the Expressions of p22(phox) and p47(phox) in Rat Mesangial Cells In Vitro.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome b-245 alpha chain	Rattus norvegicus	59-63
24639901-2	2014	The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pioglitazone on oxidative stress and the expressions of p22(phox) and p47(phox), subunits of NADPH oxidase, in mesangial cells (MCs).	Pioglitazone	60-72	cytochrome b-245 alpha chain	Rattus norvegicus	120-124
24639901-2	2014	The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pioglitazone on oxidative stress and the expressions of p22(phox) and p47(phox), subunits of NADPH oxidase, in mesangial cells (MCs).	Pioglitazone	60-72	NSFL1 cofactor	Rattus norvegicus	130-133
24639901-2	2014	The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pioglitazone on oxidative stress and the expressions of p22(phox) and p47(phox), subunits of NADPH oxidase, in mesangial cells (MCs).	Pioglitazone	60-72	cytochrome b-245 alpha chain	Rattus norvegicus	134-138
24639901-11	2014	Pioglitazone significantly suppressed HG-induced p22(phox) and p47(phox) expressions and oxidative stress.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome b-245 alpha chain	Rattus norvegicus	53-57
24639901-11	2014	Pioglitazone significantly suppressed HG-induced p22(phox) and p47(phox) expressions and oxidative stress.	Pioglitazone	0-12	NSFL1 cofactor	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
24639901-11	2014	Pioglitazone significantly suppressed HG-induced p22(phox) and p47(phox) expressions and oxidative stress.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome b-245 alpha chain	Rattus norvegicus	67-71
24639901-12	2014	The protein and gene expressions of p22(phox) and p47(phox) were markedly reduced after pioglitazone treatment, so did the ROS generation.	Pioglitazone	88-100	cytochrome b-245 alpha chain	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
24639901-12	2014	The protein and gene expressions of p22(phox) and p47(phox) were markedly reduced after pioglitazone treatment, so did the ROS generation.	Pioglitazone	88-100	NSFL1 cofactor	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
24639901-12	2014	The protein and gene expressions of p22(phox) and p47(phox) were markedly reduced after pioglitazone treatment, so did the ROS generation.	Pioglitazone	88-100	cytochrome b-245 alpha chain	Rattus norvegicus	54-58
24639901-15	2014	Pioglitazone can inhibit HG-induced oxidative stress in MCs through suppressing p22(phox) and p47(phox) expressions.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome b-245 alpha chain	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
24639901-15	2014	Pioglitazone can inhibit HG-induced oxidative stress in MCs through suppressing p22(phox) and p47(phox) expressions.	Pioglitazone	0-12	NSFL1 cofactor	Rattus norvegicus	94-97
24639901-15	2014	Pioglitazone can inhibit HG-induced oxidative stress in MCs through suppressing p22(phox) and p47(phox) expressions.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome b-245 alpha chain	Rattus norvegicus	98-102
24471407-2	2014	Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonist and, although it is mostly used as an antidiabetic agent, it has been reported to have analgesic effects.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	18-60
24471407-2	2014	Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonist and, although it is mostly used as an antidiabetic agent, it has been reported to have analgesic effects.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
24471407-13	2014	Pioglitazone reduced visceral hypersensitivity and defecation frequency, increased nociceptive thresholds, NO production and iNOS activity and shifted stool form towards hard stools in D-IBS rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	125-129
23794466-2	2014	The anti-inflammatory potential of the PPAR-gamma ligands rosiglitazone and pioglitazone were investigated using in vitro alveolar macrophage models and in vivo animal models relevant to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	Pioglitazone	76-88	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	39-49
24456333-10	2014	The effect of pioglitazone was associated with a significant fall in serum levels of TNF-alpha in cholestatic rats.	Pioglitazone	14-26	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	85-94
24456333-12	2014	Chronic treatment with pioglitazone exerts an enhanced gastroprotective effect on the stomach ulcers of cholestatic rats compared to sham rats probably due to constitutive NOS induction and/or inducible NOS inhibition and attenuating release of TNF-alpha.	Pioglitazone	23-35	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	245-254
24622831-8	2014	The experimental NASH rats treated with pioglitazone showed marked increase in the levels of GSH, catalase and SOD but no significant effect on the levels of GPx, GR and GST levels when compared to the experimentally induced NASH group.	Pioglitazone	40-52	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	98-106
24589595-0	2014	[Effects of pioglitazone on myocardial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator lalpha expression in rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury].	Pioglitazone	12-24	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	39-87
24589595-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of pioglitazone on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator lalpha (PGC-lalpha) in rat myocardium following myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.	Pioglitazone	41-53	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	75-123
24589595-6	2014	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone can inhibit myocardial apoptosis induced by I/R injury and up-regulate myocardial PGC-lalpha expression, and these effects are mediated by PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	12-24	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	164-173
24558317-10	2014	Pioglitazone significantly increased ACE2 protein expression in liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle compared with the HFD group.	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensin I converting enzyme 2	Rattus norvegicus	37-41
24558317-11	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone improves hepatic steatosis in the rats with HFD-induced NASH and upregulates ACE2 expression in insulin-sensitive tissues.	Pioglitazone	13-25	angiotensin I converting enzyme 2	Rattus norvegicus	103-107
24321547-5	2014	In this study, we found that PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone increases KLF4 protein levels but does not influence KLF4 gene transcription.	Pioglitazone	48-60	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	29-39
24321547-5	2014	In this study, we found that PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone increases KLF4 protein levels but does not influence KLF4 gene transcription.	Pioglitazone	48-60	Kruppel like factor 4	Homo sapiens	71-75
24321547-6	2014	PPAR-gamma overexpression increases, while PPAR-gamma knockdown reduces KLF4 expression, suggesting that the increase in KLF4 protein levels induced by pioglitazone is PPAR-gamma-dependent.	Pioglitazone	152-164	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-10
24321547-6	2014	PPAR-gamma overexpression increases, while PPAR-gamma knockdown reduces KLF4 expression, suggesting that the increase in KLF4 protein levels induced by pioglitazone is PPAR-gamma-dependent.	Pioglitazone	152-164	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	43-53
24321547-6	2014	PPAR-gamma overexpression increases, while PPAR-gamma knockdown reduces KLF4 expression, suggesting that the increase in KLF4 protein levels induced by pioglitazone is PPAR-gamma-dependent.	Pioglitazone	152-164	Kruppel like factor 4	Homo sapiens	72-76
24321547-6	2014	PPAR-gamma overexpression increases, while PPAR-gamma knockdown reduces KLF4 expression, suggesting that the increase in KLF4 protein levels induced by pioglitazone is PPAR-gamma-dependent.	Pioglitazone	152-164	Kruppel like factor 4	Homo sapiens	121-125
24321547-6	2014	PPAR-gamma overexpression increases, while PPAR-gamma knockdown reduces KLF4 expression, suggesting that the increase in KLF4 protein levels induced by pioglitazone is PPAR-gamma-dependent.	Pioglitazone	152-164	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	43-53
24321547-7	2014	Further study showed that pioglitazone enhances KLF4 protein stability through reducing KLF4 ubiquitination.	Pioglitazone	26-38	Kruppel like factor 4	Homo sapiens	48-52
24321547-7	2014	Further study showed that pioglitazone enhances KLF4 protein stability through reducing KLF4 ubiquitination.	Pioglitazone	26-38	Kruppel like factor 4	Homo sapiens	88-92
24321547-8	2014	Furthermore, we demonstrated that stabilization of KLF4 by pioglitazone was related to the activation of Akt signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	59-71	Kruppel like factor 4	Homo sapiens	51-55
24321547-8	2014	Furthermore, we demonstrated that stabilization of KLF4 by pioglitazone was related to the activation of Akt signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	59-71	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	105-108
24321547-9	2014	Taken together, we revealed that PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone stabilizes KLF4 protein via activating Akt signaling and reducing KLF4 ubiquitination, providing further insights into PPAR-gamma and KLF4 in regulating each other"s expression in VSMCs.	Pioglitazone	52-64	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	33-43
24321547-9	2014	Taken together, we revealed that PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone stabilizes KLF4 protein via activating Akt signaling and reducing KLF4 ubiquitination, providing further insights into PPAR-gamma and KLF4 in regulating each other"s expression in VSMCs.	Pioglitazone	52-64	Kruppel like factor 4	Homo sapiens	76-80
24321547-9	2014	Taken together, we revealed that PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone stabilizes KLF4 protein via activating Akt signaling and reducing KLF4 ubiquitination, providing further insights into PPAR-gamma and KLF4 in regulating each other"s expression in VSMCs.	Pioglitazone	52-64	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	104-107
24321547-9	2014	Taken together, we revealed that PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone stabilizes KLF4 protein via activating Akt signaling and reducing KLF4 ubiquitination, providing further insights into PPAR-gamma and KLF4 in regulating each other"s expression in VSMCs.	Pioglitazone	52-64	Kruppel like factor 4	Homo sapiens	131-135
24321547-9	2014	Taken together, we revealed that PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone stabilizes KLF4 protein via activating Akt signaling and reducing KLF4 ubiquitination, providing further insights into PPAR-gamma and KLF4 in regulating each other"s expression in VSMCs.	Pioglitazone	52-64	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	184-194
24321547-9	2014	Taken together, we revealed that PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone stabilizes KLF4 protein via activating Akt signaling and reducing KLF4 ubiquitination, providing further insights into PPAR-gamma and KLF4 in regulating each other"s expression in VSMCs.	Pioglitazone	52-64	Kruppel like factor 4	Homo sapiens	131-135
24815457-11	2014	By contrast, HepG2/IR cells exhibited decreased adhesion and invasion after treatment with the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone hydrochloride.	Pioglitazone	114-140	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
24882400-1	2014	Potent ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) such as thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone, troglitazone, etc.)	Pioglitazone	107-119	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	18-66
24882400-1	2014	Potent ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) such as thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone, troglitazone, etc.)	Pioglitazone	107-119	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	68-77
24928921-5	2014	OBJECTIVE: To compare the anti-arthritic potencies of a PPAR-alpha agonist (fenofibrate, a lipid lowering drug) and a PPAR-gamma agonist (pioglitazone, formerly used as an antidiabetic drug) in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis.	Pioglitazone	138-150	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	118-128
24603133-1	2014	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), such as rosiglitazone or pioglitazone, are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists currently used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	69-81	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	87-135
24603133-1	2014	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), such as rosiglitazone or pioglitazone, are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists currently used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	69-81	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	137-146
25134381-0	2014	The endothelial protective effects of pioglitazone on insulin resistance in endothelial cells.	Pioglitazone	38-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
25134381-2	2014	Pioglitazone is an insulin-sensitizing agent and can reduce insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
25134381-2	2014	Pioglitazone is an insulin-sensitizing agent and can reduce insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	60-67
25134381-3	2014	METHODS: In this study, the cellular model of insulin resistance was used to investigate the mechanisms involved in the endothelial protective effects of pioglitazone in a vascular endothelial cell damage model.	Pioglitazone	154-166	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
25134381-4	2014	RESULTS: The results showed that pioglitazone could effectively increase the survival rate of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECV), reduce apoptosis, and relieve insulin resistance damage.	Pioglitazone	33-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	170-177
25134381-5	2014	To understand the endothelial protective effect mechanisms of pioglitazone, we showed that 50 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL of pioglitazone could upregulate the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and pioglitazone could induce NO levels.	Pioglitazone	62-74	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	171-192
25134381-5	2014	To understand the endothelial protective effect mechanisms of pioglitazone, we showed that 50 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL of pioglitazone could upregulate the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and pioglitazone could induce NO levels.	Pioglitazone	117-129	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	171-192
25134381-5	2014	To understand the endothelial protective effect mechanisms of pioglitazone, we showed that 50 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL of pioglitazone could upregulate the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and pioglitazone could induce NO levels.	Pioglitazone	117-129	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	171-192
25134381-6	2014	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that pioglitazone could have endothelial protective effects in a vascular endothelial cell damage model of insulin resistance and used to prevent beforehand and treat a vascular endothelial cell damage of insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	42-54	insulin	Homo sapiens	144-151
25134381-6	2014	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that pioglitazone could have endothelial protective effects in a vascular endothelial cell damage model of insulin resistance and used to prevent beforehand and treat a vascular endothelial cell damage of insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	42-54	insulin	Homo sapiens	242-249
24606795-40	2014	As strategies to induce PGC-1alpha activation, these authors remark the possibility to activate Sirt1 with resveratrol, to use PPAR agonists such as pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, fenofibrate and bezafibrate.	Pioglitazone	149-161	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	96-101
24606795-40	2014	As strategies to induce PGC-1alpha activation, these authors remark the possibility to activate Sirt1 with resveratrol, to use PPAR agonists such as pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, fenofibrate and bezafibrate.	Pioglitazone	149-161	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	127-131
23829656-9	2014	GLP-1 RA were associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of MACE in comparisons with placebo and pioglitazone, with a non-significant trend towards reduction in DPP4i-controlled studies.	Pioglitazone	111-123	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	0-5
24867508-0	2014	Effect of pioglitazone on expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor in ischemic hindlimb of diabetic rats.	Pioglitazone	10-22	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	40-71
24867508-0	2014	Effect of pioglitazone on expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor in ischemic hindlimb of diabetic rats.	Pioglitazone	10-22	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	76-110
24867508-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: To observe effects of the drug pioglitazone on expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia, and explore the role of pioglitazone in angiogenesis after ischemia and its possible mechanism.	Pioglitazone	42-54	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	72-103
24867508-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: To observe effects of the drug pioglitazone on expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia, and explore the role of pioglitazone in angiogenesis after ischemia and its possible mechanism.	Pioglitazone	42-54	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	105-115
24867508-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: To observe effects of the drug pioglitazone on expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia, and explore the role of pioglitazone in angiogenesis after ischemia and its possible mechanism.	Pioglitazone	42-54	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	121-155
24867508-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: To observe effects of the drug pioglitazone on expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia, and explore the role of pioglitazone in angiogenesis after ischemia and its possible mechanism.	Pioglitazone	42-54	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	157-161
24867508-7	2014	The above indicators in pioglitazone-treated diabetic rats were significantly decreased (p &lt; 0.01) with decreased expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF (p &lt; 0.01), while the microvessel density (MVD) of the ischemic limb was increased (p &lt; 0.01) and blood perfusion was also increased (p &lt; 0.01).	Pioglitazone	24-36	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	131-141
24867508-7	2014	The above indicators in pioglitazone-treated diabetic rats were significantly decreased (p &lt; 0.01) with decreased expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF (p &lt; 0.01), while the microvessel density (MVD) of the ischemic limb was increased (p &lt; 0.01) and blood perfusion was also increased (p &lt; 0.01).	Pioglitazone	24-36	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	146-150
24867508-11	2014	It suggested that pioglitazone may improve ischemic limb angiogenesis mechanisms correlated with regulating the HIF-1alpha/VEGF hypoxia response pathway.	Pioglitazone	18-30	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	112-122
24867508-11	2014	It suggested that pioglitazone may improve ischemic limb angiogenesis mechanisms correlated with regulating the HIF-1alpha/VEGF hypoxia response pathway.	Pioglitazone	18-30	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	123-127
25317811-0	2014	Pioglitazone, quercetin and hydroxy citric acid effect on cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) enzyme levels in experimentally induced non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	58-77
25317811-0	2014	Pioglitazone, quercetin and hydroxy citric acid effect on cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) enzyme levels in experimentally induced non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	79-85
25317811-4	2014	In this study, the comparative effect of pioglitazone, quercetin and hydroxy citric acid on liver CYP2E1 enzyme levels in experimentally induced NASH has been studied.	Pioglitazone	41-53	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	98-104
25317811-9	2014	It revealed low CYP2E1 in the experimentally induced NASH, treated with pioglitazone, quercetin and hydroxy citric acid.	Pioglitazone	72-84	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	16-22
25317811-10	2014	Mild decrease in the levels of CYP2E1 level was observed in experimental NASH treated with pioglitazone compared to NASH group.	Pioglitazone	91-103	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	31-37
25317811-14	2014	On the other hand, pioglitazone and hydroxy citric acid exerted limited effect on the levels of CYP2E1.	Pioglitazone	19-31	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	96-102
24701440-1	2014	Pioglitazone improves glycemic control by acting as an insulin sensitizer and is used in the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-62
24701440-7	2014	We avoid using pioglitazone with insulin.	Pioglitazone	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
22987311-0	2014	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone protects against cisplatin-induced renal damage in mice.	Pioglitazone	61-73	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	4-52
22987311-2	2014	Here, we investigated the effect of PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone against acute renal injury on a cisplatin model in mice.	Pioglitazone	55-67	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	36-46
22987311-11	2014	Pioglitazone protected against the inhibition of CAT, SOD, GPx, GR and GST activities induced by cisplatin in the kidneys of mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	catalase	Mus musculus	49-52
22987311-11	2014	Pioglitazone protected against the inhibition of CAT, SOD, GPx, GR and GST activities induced by cisplatin in the kidneys of mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	glutathione reductase	Mus musculus	64-66
24592408-0	2014	Effects of pioglitazone on insulin sensitivity and serum lipids in obese cats.	Pioglitazone	11-23	insulin	Felis catus	27-34
24592408-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione (TZD) insulin sensitizer approved for use in human type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
24592408-3	2014	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of pioglitazone in obese cats, which are predisposed to insulin resistance, to assess its potential for future use in feline diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	38-50	insulin	Felis catus	91-98
24592408-9	2014	CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Results of this study support a positive effect of pioglitazone on insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism in obese cats, and suggest that further evaluation of the drug in cats with diabetes mellitus or other metabolic disorders might be warranted.	Pioglitazone	88-100	insulin	Felis catus	104-111
24107404-3	2014	Here we discuss the role of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, which failed to show efficacy in a recently published phase II clinical trial of ALS patients.	Pioglitazone	28-40	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	44-92
24923291-2	2014	The new compound CLC-3000 is an aminoethyl nitrate (AEN) derivative of pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agent combining the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist activity of pioglitazone with the NO-donating activity of the nitrate moiety.	Pioglitazone	71-83	cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
24923291-2	2014	The new compound CLC-3000 is an aminoethyl nitrate (AEN) derivative of pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agent combining the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist activity of pioglitazone with the NO-donating activity of the nitrate moiety.	Pioglitazone	71-83	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	138-186
24923291-2	2014	The new compound CLC-3000 is an aminoethyl nitrate (AEN) derivative of pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agent combining the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist activity of pioglitazone with the NO-donating activity of the nitrate moiety.	Pioglitazone	207-219	cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
24923291-9	2014	CONCLUSION: In summary, the results of these studies demonstrate that CLC-3000 contains a vasodilative and antithrombotic activity that is not evident with pioglitazone alone, and that 7 days of exposure in vivo showed no typical signs of nitrate tolerance, endothelial dysfunction or other safety concerns in Wistar rats.	Pioglitazone	156-168	cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
25247335-0	2014	The effect of IGF2BP2 gene polymorphisms on pioglitazone response in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients.	Pioglitazone	44-56	insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	14-21
25247335-2	2014	This study aimed to investigate whether the IGF2BP2 gene rs1470579 and rs4402960 polymorphisms were associated with T2DM and pioglitazone efficacy in Chinese T2DM patients.	Pioglitazone	125-137	insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	44-51
25247335-8	2014	CONCLUSIONS: The IGF2BP2 gene rs1470579 and rs4402960 polymorphisms were associated with T2DM and therapeutic efficacy of pioglitazone in this Chinese population.	Pioglitazone	122-134	insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	17-24
25471680-0	2014	Pioglitazone inhibits advanced glycation end product-induced TNF-alpha and MMP-13 expression via the antagonism of NF-kappaB activation in chondrocytes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	61-70
25471680-0	2014	Pioglitazone inhibits advanced glycation end product-induced TNF-alpha and MMP-13 expression via the antagonism of NF-kappaB activation in chondrocytes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	collagenase 3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	75-81
25471680-3	2014	This study was aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone on AGE-induced chondrocyte damage.	Pioglitazone	92-104	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	74-83
24799887-7	2014	Gene expression profiling revealed that pioglitazone stimulated hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma hyperactivity, and induced the upregulation of adipocyte-specific and lipogenesis-related genes but downregulated of genes involved in triglyceride lipolysis and fatty acid beta -oxidation.	Pioglitazone	40-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	72-120
24799887-8	2014	Pioglitazone also regulated the genes expression of hepatic cholesterol uptake and excretion, such as low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) and scavenger receptor type-BI (SR-BI).	Pioglitazone	0-12	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	102-134
24799887-8	2014	Pioglitazone also regulated the genes expression of hepatic cholesterol uptake and excretion, such as low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) and scavenger receptor type-BI (SR-BI).	Pioglitazone	0-12	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	136-141
24799887-8	2014	Pioglitazone also regulated the genes expression of hepatic cholesterol uptake and excretion, such as low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) and scavenger receptor type-BI (SR-BI).	Pioglitazone	0-12	scavenger receptor class B, member 1	Mus musculus	147-173
24799887-8	2014	Pioglitazone also regulated the genes expression of hepatic cholesterol uptake and excretion, such as low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) and scavenger receptor type-BI (SR-BI).	Pioglitazone	0-12	scavenger receptor class B, member 1	Mus musculus	175-180
24799887-10	2014	Furthermore, pioglitazone may suppress the clearance of serum cholesterol from the liver predominantly through inhibition of LDL-R and SR-BI expression, thus increasing the plasma cholesterol.	Pioglitazone	13-25	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	125-130
24799887-10	2014	Furthermore, pioglitazone may suppress the clearance of serum cholesterol from the liver predominantly through inhibition of LDL-R and SR-BI expression, thus increasing the plasma cholesterol.	Pioglitazone	13-25	scavenger receptor class B, member 1	Mus musculus	135-140
24164426-1	2013	Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) including rosiglitazone (RSG) and pioglitazone (PIO) are synthetic agonists selective for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) and have been clinically used to treat type-II diabetes as insulin sensitizers.	Pioglitazone	60-72	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	116-164
24164426-1	2013	Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) including rosiglitazone (RSG) and pioglitazone (PIO) are synthetic agonists selective for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) and have been clinically used to treat type-II diabetes as insulin sensitizers.	Pioglitazone	60-72	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	166-175
24164426-1	2013	Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) including rosiglitazone (RSG) and pioglitazone (PIO) are synthetic agonists selective for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) and have been clinically used to treat type-II diabetes as insulin sensitizers.	Pioglitazone	74-77	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	116-164
24164426-1	2013	Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) including rosiglitazone (RSG) and pioglitazone (PIO) are synthetic agonists selective for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) and have been clinically used to treat type-II diabetes as insulin sensitizers.	Pioglitazone	74-77	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	166-175
25471680-10	2014	Pioglitazone dose-dependently inhibited the expression of TNF-alpha and MMP-13 induced by AGEs, which was combined with the inhibition of nuclear p65 expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	58-67
25471680-10	2014	Pioglitazone dose-dependently inhibited the expression of TNF-alpha and MMP-13 induced by AGEs, which was combined with the inhibition of nuclear p65 expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	collagenase 3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	72-78
25471680-11	2014	CONCLUSION: The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone modulates TNF-alpha and MMP-13 expression in cultured rabbit chondrocytes via NF-kappaB signaling.	Pioglitazone	34-46	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	16-25
25471680-11	2014	CONCLUSION: The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone modulates TNF-alpha and MMP-13 expression in cultured rabbit chondrocytes via NF-kappaB signaling.	Pioglitazone	34-46	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	57-66
25471680-11	2014	CONCLUSION: The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone modulates TNF-alpha and MMP-13 expression in cultured rabbit chondrocytes via NF-kappaB signaling.	Pioglitazone	34-46	collagenase 3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	71-77
24100253-5	2013	The effects of pioglitazone on AngII-induced connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression and cell proliferation were assessed in primary-cultured mouse atrial fibroblasts.	Pioglitazone	15-27	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	31-36
23982996-0	2013	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone preserves bone microarchitecture in experimental arthritis by reducing the interleukin-17-dependent osteoclastogenic pathway.	Pioglitazone	61-73	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	4-52
23982996-0	2013	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone preserves bone microarchitecture in experimental arthritis by reducing the interleukin-17-dependent osteoclastogenic pathway.	Pioglitazone	61-73	interleukin 17A	Rattus norvegicus	149-163
23982996-10	2013	Pioglitazone reduced the ratio of RANKL to OPG, in both the serum and the inflamed synovium.	Pioglitazone	0-12	TNF superfamily member 11	Rattus norvegicus	34-39
23982996-10	2013	Pioglitazone reduced the ratio of RANKL to OPG, in both the serum and the inflamed synovium.	Pioglitazone	0-12	TNF receptor superfamily member 11B	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
23982996-11	2013	Circulating levels of IL-17 were significantly reduced by pioglitazone treatment, as were the percentages of IL-17-positive cells, mainly polymorphonuclear cells, in the inflamed synovium.	Pioglitazone	58-70	interleukin 17A	Rattus norvegicus	22-27
23982996-13	2013	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone decreased the level of inflammatory bone destruction and protected the bone microarchitecture in rats with AIA by controlling the circulating and local expression of IL-17, with a subsequent decrease in the RANKL-to-OPG ratio.	Pioglitazone	12-24	interleukin 17A	Rattus norvegicus	191-196
23982996-13	2013	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone decreased the level of inflammatory bone destruction and protected the bone microarchitecture in rats with AIA by controlling the circulating and local expression of IL-17, with a subsequent decrease in the RANKL-to-OPG ratio.	Pioglitazone	12-24	TNF superfamily member 11	Rattus norvegicus	232-237
23982996-13	2013	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone decreased the level of inflammatory bone destruction and protected the bone microarchitecture in rats with AIA by controlling the circulating and local expression of IL-17, with a subsequent decrease in the RANKL-to-OPG ratio.	Pioglitazone	12-24	TNF receptor superfamily member 11B	Rattus norvegicus	241-244
24185678-2	2013	METHODS: Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) were induced and pre-treated with pioglitazone, which is a ligand of PPAR-gamma.	Pioglitazone	109-121	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	144-154
24185678-6	2013	RESULTS: Expression levels of PPAR-gamma proteins were elevated in the pancreases of SAP or MAP rats pre-injected with pioglitazone intraperitoneally.	Pioglitazone	119-131	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
24185678-7	2013	Downregulation of the expression TNF-alpha and IL6 and relief of pathological changes in the pancreas suggested that pioglitazone had protective effects on acute panceatitis.	Pioglitazone	117-129	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	33-42
24185678-7	2013	Downregulation of the expression TNF-alpha and IL6 and relief of pathological changes in the pancreas suggested that pioglitazone had protective effects on acute panceatitis.	Pioglitazone	117-129	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
24185678-10	2013	Phosphorylation of p65 was reduced in SAP or MAP group pretreated with pioglitazone, indicating that pioglitazone reduced the inflammation reaction by inhibiting the activation of the NF-kappaB.	Pioglitazone	71-83	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
24185678-10	2013	Phosphorylation of p65 was reduced in SAP or MAP group pretreated with pioglitazone, indicating that pioglitazone reduced the inflammation reaction by inhibiting the activation of the NF-kappaB.	Pioglitazone	101-113	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
24141239-5	2013	RESULTS: Obese subjects demonstrated significant decreases in insulin resistance and many adipose inflammatory parameters with pioglitazone relative to placebo.	Pioglitazone	127-139	insulin	Homo sapiens	62-69
24141239-8	2013	CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the efficacy of pioglitazone to improve insulin resistance and reduce adipose tissue inflammation in obese patients with T2DM.	Pioglitazone	52-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
23770533-2	2013	In addition to exerting anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, PPAR-gamma agonists, such as the insulin-sensitizing drug pioglitazone, promote the differentiation of oligodendrocytes (OLs), the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system (CNS).	Pioglitazone	129-141	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	71-81
23770533-2	2013	In addition to exerting anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, PPAR-gamma agonists, such as the insulin-sensitizing drug pioglitazone, promote the differentiation of oligodendrocytes (OLs), the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system (CNS).	Pioglitazone	129-141	insulin	Homo sapiens	104-111
23782502-5	2013	The 5-h insulin total AUC increased with sitagliptin versus all other treatments and increased with sitagliptin + pioglitazone versus pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	114-126	insulin	Homo sapiens	8-15
23782502-5	2013	The 5-h insulin total AUC increased with sitagliptin versus all other treatments and increased with sitagliptin + pioglitazone versus pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	134-146	insulin	Homo sapiens	8-15
23782502-8	2013	The insulin sensitivity index (ISI), a composite index of insulin sensitivity, improved with pioglitazone and sitagliptin + pioglitazone versus placebo.	Pioglitazone	93-105	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
23782502-8	2013	The insulin sensitivity index (ISI), a composite index of insulin sensitivity, improved with pioglitazone and sitagliptin + pioglitazone versus placebo.	Pioglitazone	93-105	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
23782502-8	2013	The insulin sensitivity index (ISI), a composite index of insulin sensitivity, improved with pioglitazone and sitagliptin + pioglitazone versus placebo.	Pioglitazone	124-136	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
24100253-6	2013	The influences of pioglitazone on AngII-induced L-type calcium channel (ICa-L) alpha1c expression and current density were evaluated in atrial myocytes (HL-1).	Pioglitazone	18-30	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	34-39
24100253-7	2013	Pioglitazone attenuated AngII-induced CTGF expression and proliferation in atrial fibroblasts, and pioglitazone also inhibited the expression or phosphorylation of AngII-induced transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), TGF-beta-associated kinase 1 (TAK1) and Smad2/3.	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	24-29
24100253-7	2013	Pioglitazone attenuated AngII-induced CTGF expression and proliferation in atrial fibroblasts, and pioglitazone also inhibited the expression or phosphorylation of AngII-induced transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), TGF-beta-associated kinase 1 (TAK1) and Smad2/3.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cellular communication network factor 2	Mus musculus	38-42
24100253-7	2013	Pioglitazone attenuated AngII-induced CTGF expression and proliferation in atrial fibroblasts, and pioglitazone also inhibited the expression or phosphorylation of AngII-induced transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), TGF-beta-associated kinase 1 (TAK1) and Smad2/3.	Pioglitazone	99-111	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	164-169
24100253-7	2013	Pioglitazone attenuated AngII-induced CTGF expression and proliferation in atrial fibroblasts, and pioglitazone also inhibited the expression or phosphorylation of AngII-induced transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), TGF-beta-associated kinase 1 (TAK1) and Smad2/3.	Pioglitazone	99-111	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	178-210
24100253-7	2013	Pioglitazone attenuated AngII-induced CTGF expression and proliferation in atrial fibroblasts, and pioglitazone also inhibited the expression or phosphorylation of AngII-induced transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), TGF-beta-associated kinase 1 (TAK1) and Smad2/3.	Pioglitazone	99-111	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	212-221
24100253-7	2013	Pioglitazone attenuated AngII-induced CTGF expression and proliferation in atrial fibroblasts, and pioglitazone also inhibited the expression or phosphorylation of AngII-induced transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), TGF-beta-associated kinase 1 (TAK1) and Smad2/3.	Pioglitazone	99-111	TNF receptor-associated factor 6	Mus musculus	224-274
24100253-7	2013	Pioglitazone attenuated AngII-induced CTGF expression and proliferation in atrial fibroblasts, and pioglitazone also inhibited the expression or phosphorylation of AngII-induced transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), TGF-beta-associated kinase 1 (TAK1) and Smad2/3.	Pioglitazone	99-111	TNF receptor-associated factor 6	Mus musculus	276-281
24100253-7	2013	Pioglitazone attenuated AngII-induced CTGF expression and proliferation in atrial fibroblasts, and pioglitazone also inhibited the expression or phosphorylation of AngII-induced transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), TGF-beta-associated kinase 1 (TAK1) and Smad2/3.	Pioglitazone	99-111	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7	Mus musculus	284-312
24100253-7	2013	Pioglitazone attenuated AngII-induced CTGF expression and proliferation in atrial fibroblasts, and pioglitazone also inhibited the expression or phosphorylation of AngII-induced transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), TGF-beta-associated kinase 1 (TAK1) and Smad2/3.	Pioglitazone	99-111	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7	Mus musculus	314-318
24100253-7	2013	Pioglitazone attenuated AngII-induced CTGF expression and proliferation in atrial fibroblasts, and pioglitazone also inhibited the expression or phosphorylation of AngII-induced transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), TGF-beta-associated kinase 1 (TAK1) and Smad2/3.	Pioglitazone	99-111	SMAD family member 2	Mus musculus	324-331
24100253-8	2013	In HL-1 cells, pioglitazone suppressed AngII-induced ICa-L alpha1c expression and current density as well as CAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation.	Pioglitazone	15-27	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	39-44
24100253-8	2013	In HL-1 cells, pioglitazone suppressed AngII-induced ICa-L alpha1c expression and current density as well as CAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation.	Pioglitazone	15-27	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	109-148
24100253-9	2013	Besides, pioglitazone inhibited AngII-induced production of AngII type I receptor (AT1R) and downregulation of PPAR-gamma in both atrial fibroblasts and HL-1 cells.	Pioglitazone	9-21	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	32-37
24100253-9	2013	Besides, pioglitazone inhibited AngII-induced production of AngII type I receptor (AT1R) and downregulation of PPAR-gamma in both atrial fibroblasts and HL-1 cells.	Pioglitazone	9-21	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	60-65
24100253-9	2013	Besides, pioglitazone inhibited AngII-induced production of AngII type I receptor (AT1R) and downregulation of PPAR-gamma in both atrial fibroblasts and HL-1 cells.	Pioglitazone	9-21	angiotensin II, type I receptor-associated protein	Mus musculus	83-87
24100253-9	2013	Besides, pioglitazone inhibited AngII-induced production of AngII type I receptor (AT1R) and downregulation of PPAR-gamma in both atrial fibroblasts and HL-1 cells.	Pioglitazone	9-21	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	111-121
24100253-10	2013	In conclusion, Pioglitazone suppresses AngII-induced CTGF expression and proliferation in atrial fibroblasts, which might be at least in part related with its inhibitory effects on TGF-beta1/Smad2/3 and TGF-beta1/TRAF6/TAK1 signaling pathways.	Pioglitazone	15-27	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	39-44
24100253-10	2013	In conclusion, Pioglitazone suppresses AngII-induced CTGF expression and proliferation in atrial fibroblasts, which might be at least in part related with its inhibitory effects on TGF-beta1/Smad2/3 and TGF-beta1/TRAF6/TAK1 signaling pathways.	Pioglitazone	15-27	cellular communication network factor 2	Mus musculus	53-57
24100253-10	2013	In conclusion, Pioglitazone suppresses AngII-induced CTGF expression and proliferation in atrial fibroblasts, which might be at least in part related with its inhibitory effects on TGF-beta1/Smad2/3 and TGF-beta1/TRAF6/TAK1 signaling pathways.	Pioglitazone	15-27	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	181-190
24100253-10	2013	In conclusion, Pioglitazone suppresses AngII-induced CTGF expression and proliferation in atrial fibroblasts, which might be at least in part related with its inhibitory effects on TGF-beta1/Smad2/3 and TGF-beta1/TRAF6/TAK1 signaling pathways.	Pioglitazone	15-27	SMAD family member 2	Mus musculus	191-198
24100253-10	2013	In conclusion, Pioglitazone suppresses AngII-induced CTGF expression and proliferation in atrial fibroblasts, which might be at least in part related with its inhibitory effects on TGF-beta1/Smad2/3 and TGF-beta1/TRAF6/TAK1 signaling pathways.	Pioglitazone	15-27	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	203-212
24100253-10	2013	In conclusion, Pioglitazone suppresses AngII-induced CTGF expression and proliferation in atrial fibroblasts, which might be at least in part related with its inhibitory effects on TGF-beta1/Smad2/3 and TGF-beta1/TRAF6/TAK1 signaling pathways.	Pioglitazone	15-27	TNF receptor-associated factor 6	Mus musculus	213-218
24100253-10	2013	In conclusion, Pioglitazone suppresses AngII-induced CTGF expression and proliferation in atrial fibroblasts, which might be at least in part related with its inhibitory effects on TGF-beta1/Smad2/3 and TGF-beta1/TRAF6/TAK1 signaling pathways.	Pioglitazone	15-27	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7	Mus musculus	219-223
24100253-11	2013	Moreover, pioglitazone also attenuates AngII-induced ICa-L remodeling in HL-1 cells, which might be at least in part associated with its inhibitory effect on CREB phosphorylation.	Pioglitazone	10-22	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	39-44
24100253-11	2013	Moreover, pioglitazone also attenuates AngII-induced ICa-L remodeling in HL-1 cells, which might be at least in part associated with its inhibitory effect on CREB phosphorylation.	Pioglitazone	10-22	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	158-162
24324437-6	2013	The genes CYP2C8 and PPARG are the most extensively studied to date and selected polymorphisms contribute to respective variability in pioglitazone pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.	Pioglitazone	135-147	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	10-16
24324437-6	2013	The genes CYP2C8 and PPARG are the most extensively studied to date and selected polymorphisms contribute to respective variability in pioglitazone pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.	Pioglitazone	135-147	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	21-26
24324437-8	2013	To test the hypothesis that genetic variation in PPARG associates with variability in pioglitazone response, we conducted a meta-analysis to synthesize the currently available data on the PPARG p.Pro12Ala polymorphism.	Pioglitazone	86-98	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	49-54
23807528-3	2013	RESULTS: The mean changes in HbA1c from baseline was -0.94 +- 0.12% with pioglitazone and -0.71 +- 0.12% with sitagliptin, for a between-groups difference of -0.23 +- 0.16% (P = .16).	Pioglitazone	73-85	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	29-33
24324437-1	2013	Pioglitazone is the most widely used thiazolidinedione and acts as an insulin-sensitizer through activation of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	115-163
24324437-1	2013	Pioglitazone is the most widely used thiazolidinedione and acts as an insulin-sensitizer through activation of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	165-174
24252844-0	2013	The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma pioglitazone improves vascular function and decreases disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.	Pioglitazone	53-65	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-52
24252844-3	2013	We hypothesized that the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) pioglitazone could promote potent vasculoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in RA.	Pioglitazone	87-99	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	25-73
24252844-3	2013	We hypothesized that the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) pioglitazone could promote potent vasculoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in RA.	Pioglitazone	87-99	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	75-85
24252844-8	2013	Further, pioglitazone significantly reduced RA disease activity (P=0.02) and CRP levels (P=0.001), while improving lipid profiles.	Pioglitazone	9-21	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	77-80
24114819-0	2013	Pioglitazone upregulates hepatic angiotensin converting enzyme 2 expression in rats with steatohepatitis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensin I converting enzyme 2	Rattus norvegicus	33-64
24114819-9	2013	Pioglitazone significantly reduced the concentrations of serum lipid, aminotransaminase, glucose, insulin, ACE, angiotensin II while markedly raised the concentrations of serum ACE2, angiotensin-(1-7) and the degree of hepatic ACE2 expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
24114819-9	2013	Pioglitazone significantly reduced the concentrations of serum lipid, aminotransaminase, glucose, insulin, ACE, angiotensin II while markedly raised the concentrations of serum ACE2, angiotensin-(1-7) and the degree of hepatic ACE2 expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	112-126
24114819-9	2013	Pioglitazone significantly reduced the concentrations of serum lipid, aminotransaminase, glucose, insulin, ACE, angiotensin II while markedly raised the concentrations of serum ACE2, angiotensin-(1-7) and the degree of hepatic ACE2 expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensin I converting enzyme 2	Rattus norvegicus	177-181
24114819-9	2013	Pioglitazone significantly reduced the concentrations of serum lipid, aminotransaminase, glucose, insulin, ACE, angiotensin II while markedly raised the concentrations of serum ACE2, angiotensin-(1-7) and the degree of hepatic ACE2 expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensin I converting enzyme 2	Rattus norvegicus	227-231
24114819-10	2013	CONCLUSION: Hepatic ACE2 expression markedly increased in rats with HFD-induced NASH and was further upregulated by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	116-128	angiotensin I converting enzyme 2	Rattus norvegicus	20-24
24114819-11	2013	Hepatic ACE2 may be a new target of pioglitazone treatment for NASH.	Pioglitazone	36-48	angiotensin I converting enzyme 2	Rattus norvegicus	8-12
24032744-6	2013	Three PPARgamma agonists (telmisartan, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone) that have been used in the clinics were tested for their effect on the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway and possible reversal of ABCG2-mediated drug resistance.	Pioglitazone	39-51	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	142-146
23479332-5	2013	Remarkably, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-gamma) agonists pioglitazone (Pio) and rosiglitazone (Rosi), a class of anti-diabetic drugs, attenuated hyperglycaemia-induced HA secretion and reduced HAS2 mRNA expression.	Pioglitazone	77-89	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	56-66
23479332-5	2013	Remarkably, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-gamma) agonists pioglitazone (Pio) and rosiglitazone (Rosi), a class of anti-diabetic drugs, attenuated hyperglycaemia-induced HA secretion and reduced HAS2 mRNA expression.	Pioglitazone	77-89	hyaluronan synthase 2	Homo sapiens	213-217
23479332-5	2013	Remarkably, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-gamma) agonists pioglitazone (Pio) and rosiglitazone (Rosi), a class of anti-diabetic drugs, attenuated hyperglycaemia-induced HA secretion and reduced HAS2 mRNA expression.	Pioglitazone	91-94	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	56-66
23479332-5	2013	Remarkably, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-gamma) agonists pioglitazone (Pio) and rosiglitazone (Rosi), a class of anti-diabetic drugs, attenuated hyperglycaemia-induced HA secretion and reduced HAS2 mRNA expression.	Pioglitazone	91-94	hyaluronan synthase 2	Homo sapiens	213-217
24229673-0	2013	Pioglitazone inhibits the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in rat mesangial cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	96-132
24229673-11	2013	Pioglitazone significantly suppressed p22(phox), p47(phox) expressions and oxidative stress induced by high glucose.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome b-245 alpha chain	Rattus norvegicus	42-46
24229673-11	2013	Pioglitazone significantly suppressed p22(phox), p47(phox) expressions and oxidative stress induced by high glucose.	Pioglitazone	0-12	NSFL1 cofactor	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
24229673-11	2013	Pioglitazone significantly suppressed p22(phox), p47(phox) expressions and oxidative stress induced by high glucose.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome b-245 alpha chain	Rattus norvegicus	53-57
24229673-12	2013	The expressions of p22(phox), p47(phox), phospho-p38MAPK and ROS generation were markedly reduced after pioglitazone treatment (P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	104-116	cytochrome b-245 alpha chain	Rattus norvegicus	23-27
24229673-12	2013	The expressions of p22(phox), p47(phox), phospho-p38MAPK and ROS generation were markedly reduced after pioglitazone treatment (P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	104-116	NSFL1 cofactor	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
24229673-12	2013	The expressions of p22(phox), p47(phox), phospho-p38MAPK and ROS generation were markedly reduced after pioglitazone treatment (P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	104-116	cytochrome b-245 alpha chain	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
24229673-12	2013	The expressions of p22(phox), p47(phox), phospho-p38MAPK and ROS generation were markedly reduced after pioglitazone treatment (P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	104-116	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	49-56
24229673-15	2013	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone can inhibit oxidative stress through suppressing NADPH oxidase expression and p38MAPK phosphorylation.	Pioglitazone	12-24	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	103-110
23807528-5	2013	Pioglitazone was associated with a significant decrease in high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), but sitagliptin did not.	Pioglitazone	0-12	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	74-92
24075936-6	2013	Treatment with aspirin or combined suspension of PGZ and PDL in the arthritic animals produced significant reductions in HPV and TJT, normalized BW, and significantly decreased plasma levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6.	Pioglitazone	49-52	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	194-203
24107513-0	2013	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone suppresses experimental autoimmune uveitis.	Pioglitazone	57-69	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-48
24107513-3	2013	In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of PPAR-gamma agonist, pioglitazone, on murine model of endogenous uveitis.	Pioglitazone	91-103	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	71-81
24334183-3	2013	OBJECTIVE: In a pilot study, we evaluated whether the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist pioglitazone or combined endurance and resistance exercise training improves basal myocardial insulin sensitivity and diastolic function in HIV+ adults with peripheral metabolic complications.	Pioglitazone	124-136	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	54-102
24334183-3	2013	OBJECTIVE: In a pilot study, we evaluated whether the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist pioglitazone or combined endurance and resistance exercise training improves basal myocardial insulin sensitivity and diastolic function in HIV+ adults with peripheral metabolic complications.	Pioglitazone	124-136	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	104-114
24124823-0	2013	Lichen planopilaris treated by the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone: lack of lasting improvement or cure in the majority of patients.	Pioglitazone	92-104	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	35-83
23958241-9	2013	Levels in PCOS subjects were not altered by pioglitazone or metformin treatment, even though whole body insulin action and adiponectin levels increased with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	157-169	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	123-134
24075936-6	2013	Treatment with aspirin or combined suspension of PGZ and PDL in the arthritic animals produced significant reductions in HPV and TJT, normalized BW, and significantly decreased plasma levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6.	Pioglitazone	49-52	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	208-212
24290093-2	2013	The newest controversy revolves around Pioglitazone, a thiozolidindione, which improves insulin sensitivity and is reputed to have cardioprotective actions, but is riddled with several controversies related to weight gain, distal fractures of long bones, recent reports of bladder cancer and others.	Pioglitazone	39-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	88-95
23946430-4	2013	Pioglitazone (PIO) is a member of the thiazolidinediones - a group of insulin-sensitizing drugs that are selective agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Bos taurus	70-77
23946430-4	2013	Pioglitazone (PIO) is a member of the thiazolidinediones - a group of insulin-sensitizing drugs that are selective agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	127-175
23946430-4	2013	Pioglitazone (PIO) is a member of the thiazolidinediones - a group of insulin-sensitizing drugs that are selective agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	177-186
23946430-4	2013	Pioglitazone (PIO) is a member of the thiazolidinediones - a group of insulin-sensitizing drugs that are selective agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	14-17	insulin	Bos taurus	70-77
23946430-4	2013	Pioglitazone (PIO) is a member of the thiazolidinediones - a group of insulin-sensitizing drugs that are selective agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	127-175
23946430-4	2013	Pioglitazone (PIO) is a member of the thiazolidinediones - a group of insulin-sensitizing drugs that are selective agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	177-186
23962407-0	2013	The peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone modulates aberrant T cell responses in systemic lupus erythematosus.	Pioglitazone	61-73	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-52
23962407-2	2013	We tested the effect of the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone in human lupus and control PBMCs with regard to gene regulation and various functional assays.	Pioglitazone	47-59	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	28-38
23962407-4	2013	Transcriptional network analysis showed IFN-gamma as an important regulatory node, with pioglitazone treatment inducing transcriptional repression of various genes implicated in T cell responses.	Pioglitazone	88-100	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	40-49
23962407-6	2013	Pioglitazone downregulated lupus CD4+ T cell effector proliferation and activation, while it significantly increased proliferation and function of lupus T regulatory cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	33-36
23962407-7	2013	We conclude that PPAR-gamma agonists selectively modulate CD4+ T cell function in SLE supporting the concept that pioglitazone and related,-agents should be explored as potential therapies in this disease.	Pioglitazone	114-126	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	17-27
23962407-7	2013	We conclude that PPAR-gamma agonists selectively modulate CD4+ T cell function in SLE supporting the concept that pioglitazone and related,-agents should be explored as potential therapies in this disease.	Pioglitazone	114-126	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	58-61
23811853-0	2013	Pioglitazone improves glucose metabolism and modulates skeletal muscle TIMP-3-TACE dyad in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, mechanistic study.	Pioglitazone	0-12	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3	Homo sapiens	71-77
23811853-0	2013	Pioglitazone improves glucose metabolism and modulates skeletal muscle TIMP-3-TACE dyad in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, mechanistic study.	Pioglitazone	0-12	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	78-82
23811853-1	2013	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Pioglitazone (PIO) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma agonist insulin-sensitiser with anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects.	Pioglitazone	17-29	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	85-95
23811853-1	2013	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Pioglitazone (PIO) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma agonist insulin-sensitiser with anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects.	Pioglitazone	31-34	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	85-95
23795773-11	2013	Furthermore, pretreatment of BADGE (PPARgamma antagonist) with pioglitazone reversed the protective effect of pioglitazone in d-galactose-induced mice.	Pioglitazone	63-75	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	36-45
23777507-3	2013	However, it remains unclear whether pioglitazone could decrease ADMA levels by reducing RAGE expression in humans.	Pioglitazone	36-48	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 914	Homo sapiens	88-92
23777507-11	2013	Elevation of fibronectin by pioglitazone may contribute to the reduction of serum levels of ADMA in IGT or T2DM subjects, thus playing a protective role against cardiovascular disease.	Pioglitazone	28-40	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	13-24
24079935-0	2013	Pioglitazone counteracts the tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibition of follicle-stimulating hormone-induced follicular development and estradiol production in an in vitro mouse preantral follicle culture system.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	29-56
24079935-3	2013	Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione derivative that acts by improving insulin resistance via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) pathway.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	97-145
24079935-3	2013	Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione derivative that acts by improving insulin resistance via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) pathway.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	147-157
24079935-10	2013	RESULTS: Pioglitazone treatment counteracted the inhibition of TNF-alpha in FSH-induced follicle development in a dose-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	9-21	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	63-72
24079935-12	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone counteracted the inhibition by TNF-alpha on FSH-induced follicle development and steroidogenesis in the in vitro mouse preantral follicle culture.	Pioglitazone	13-25	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	57-66
23795773-11	2013	Furthermore, pretreatment of BADGE (PPARgamma antagonist) with pioglitazone reversed the protective effect of pioglitazone in d-galactose-induced mice.	Pioglitazone	110-122	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	36-45
23868339-1	2013	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) agonist, has been authorized for the management of type 2 diabetes since 1999 in the US and since 2000 in Europe.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	16-59
23868339-1	2013	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) agonist, has been authorized for the management of type 2 diabetes since 1999 in the US and since 2000 in Europe.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	61-65
23868339-5	2013	Since the development of pioglitazone, its risk assessment has suffered from several inaccuracies such as its alleged specificity for the male rat, untrustworthy selective agonism for PPARgamma and mistaken risk evaluation in the large PROactive trial (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events), where one case with a benign tumour in the placebo group was counted as a cancer case.	Pioglitazone	25-37	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	184-193
23524525-5	2013	Pioglitazone reduced fasting plasma insulin, whereas glibenclamide increased it.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	36-43
25949135-0	2013	Effect of Pioglitazone on Production of Regulated upon Activation Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) and IVF Outcomes in Infertile Women with Endometriosis.	Pioglitazone	10-22	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Homo sapiens	40-102
25949135-0	2013	Effect of Pioglitazone on Production of Regulated upon Activation Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) and IVF Outcomes in Infertile Women with Endometriosis.	Pioglitazone	10-22	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Homo sapiens	104-110
25949135-1	2013	This study was performed to investigate the effect of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligand, pioglitazone, on production of regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome in infertile patients with endometriosis.	Pioglitazone	125-137	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	54-103
25949135-1	2013	This study was performed to investigate the effect of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligand, pioglitazone, on production of regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome in infertile patients with endometriosis.	Pioglitazone	125-137	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	105-115
25949135-1	2013	This study was performed to investigate the effect of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligand, pioglitazone, on production of regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome in infertile patients with endometriosis.	Pioglitazone	125-137	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Homo sapiens	156-218
25949135-1	2013	This study was performed to investigate the effect of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligand, pioglitazone, on production of regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome in infertile patients with endometriosis.	Pioglitazone	125-137	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Homo sapiens	220-226
25949135-10	2013	The serum RANTES levels after pioglitazone treatment were significantly lower than those before pioglitazone treatmen in the study group (P&lt;0.05).	Pioglitazone	30-42	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Homo sapiens	10-16
25949135-11	2013	Our data suggest that pioglitazone treatment can suppress RANTES production and improve the embryo implantation rate in patients with endometriosis undergoing IVF.	Pioglitazone	22-34	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Homo sapiens	58-64
23524525-8	2013	Adiponectin was increased by pioglitazone (+0.5 mug/ml), with a further increase (+0.4 mug/ml) when rosuvastatin was added.	Pioglitazone	29-41	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	0-11
23524525-9	2013	A significant decrease in leptin (-3.1 ng/ml) and interleukin-6 (-0.4 pg/ml) was found only with pioglitazone; a similar trend (-2.5 ng/ml and -0.3 pg/ml, respectively) was maintained after the addition of rosuvastatin.Rosuvastatin+pioglitazone decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (-0.3 ng/ml) and were superior to glibenclamide+rosuvastatin in reducing high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (-0.4 mg/l).Pioglitazone decreased ultrasound parameters, and the addition of rosuvastatin further decreased them both compared with randomization and glibenclamide.	Pioglitazone	97-109	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	50-63
23524525-9	2013	A significant decrease in leptin (-3.1 ng/ml) and interleukin-6 (-0.4 pg/ml) was found only with pioglitazone; a similar trend (-2.5 ng/ml and -0.3 pg/ml, respectively) was maintained after the addition of rosuvastatin.Rosuvastatin+pioglitazone decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (-0.3 ng/ml) and were superior to glibenclamide+rosuvastatin in reducing high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (-0.4 mg/l).Pioglitazone decreased ultrasound parameters, and the addition of rosuvastatin further decreased them both compared with randomization and glibenclamide.	Pioglitazone	97-109	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	255-282
23524525-9	2013	A significant decrease in leptin (-3.1 ng/ml) and interleukin-6 (-0.4 pg/ml) was found only with pioglitazone; a similar trend (-2.5 ng/ml and -0.3 pg/ml, respectively) was maintained after the addition of rosuvastatin.Rosuvastatin+pioglitazone decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (-0.3 ng/ml) and were superior to glibenclamide+rosuvastatin in reducing high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (-0.4 mg/l).Pioglitazone decreased ultrasound parameters, and the addition of rosuvastatin further decreased them both compared with randomization and glibenclamide.	Pioglitazone	97-109	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	373-391
23874687-2	2013	Here, we used the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone in an attempt to rescue the pathogenic phenotype in adult (12 months) and aged (>18 months) bitransgenic A/T mice that overexpress a mutated human amyloid precursor protein (APPSwe,Ind) and a constitutively active form of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1).	Pioglitazone	75-87	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	18-66
22277574-0	2013	Pioglitazone ameliorates systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction in rat model of angiotensin II-induced hypertension.	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	84-98
22277574-2	2013	In the current study, we examined the effect of pioglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma, on angiotensin II-induced intracardiac lipid accumulation and cardiac dysfunction.	Pioglitazone	48-60	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	76-124
22277574-2	2013	In the current study, we examined the effect of pioglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma, on angiotensin II-induced intracardiac lipid accumulation and cardiac dysfunction.	Pioglitazone	48-60	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	129-143
22277574-3	2013	Pioglitazone, given orally at a dose of 2.5mg/kg/d, reduced cardiac triglyceride content and suppressed lipid deposition in the heart of angiotensin II-induced hypertensive rats without affecting angiotensin II-induced upregulation of lipogenic gene expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	137-151
22277574-4	2013	Histological examination showed that pioglitazone reduced the area of cardiac fibrosis and iron deposition in the heart of angiotensin II-treated rats.	Pioglitazone	37-49	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	123-137
22277574-5	2013	Expression of an antioxidative molecule, heme oxygenase-1, was increased by angiotensin II infusion, and pioglitazone treatment preserved expression of HO-1.	Pioglitazone	105-117	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-156
22277574-6	2013	Angiotensin II increased the superoxide signals detected by dihydroethidium staining in myocardial cells with lipid deposition, and this increase was suppressed by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	164-176	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
22277574-8	2013	It was found that pioglitazone improved both the systolic and diastolic cardiac performance, which was weakened by angiotensin II infusion, after transient ischemia and reperfusion.	Pioglitazone	18-30	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	115-129
22277574-9	2013	These findings collectively suggest that pioglitazone treatment ameliorated the histological and functional cardiac damage induced by angiotensin II infusion, the mechanism of which may be related to the antioxidative action of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	41-53	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	134-148
22277574-9	2013	These findings collectively suggest that pioglitazone treatment ameliorated the histological and functional cardiac damage induced by angiotensin II infusion, the mechanism of which may be related to the antioxidative action of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	228-240	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	134-148
23891275-10	2013	On the other hand, pioglitazone yielded better efficacy in restoration of LCAT and LPL enzymatic activities (p=0.037, and &lt;0.001, respectively).	Pioglitazone	19-31	lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	74-78
23891275-10	2013	On the other hand, pioglitazone yielded better efficacy in restoration of LCAT and LPL enzymatic activities (p=0.037, and &lt;0.001, respectively).	Pioglitazone	19-31	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	83-86
23712614-0	2013	Influence of CYP2C8*2 on the pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone in healthy African-American volunteers.	Pioglitazone	49-61	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	13-19
23712614-9	2013	However, the M-III:pioglitazone AUC0-48 ratio was significantly lower in CYP2C8*2 carriers than CYP2C8*1 homozygotes (0.70 +- 0.15 vs 1.2 +- 0.37, p=0.006).	Pioglitazone	19-31	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	73-79
23712614-11	2013	CONCLUSION: These data suggest that CYP2C8*2 influences pioglitazone pharmacokinetics in vivo, particularly the AUC0-48 ratio of M-III:parent drug, and the AUC0-48 ratio of M-III:M-IV.	Pioglitazone	56-68	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	36-42
23550625-0	2013	Activation of PPARgamma by pioglitazone potentiates the effects of naltrexone on alcohol drinking and relapse in msP rats.	Pioglitazone	27-39	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	14-23
23550625-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Pioglitazone is a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist used for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	12-24	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	40-88
23550625-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Pioglitazone is a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist used for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	12-24	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	90-99
23550625-2	2013	Previous studies conducted in our laboratory showed that activation of PPARgamma by pioglitazone reduces alcohol drinking, stress-induced relapse, and alcohol withdrawal syndrome in rats.	Pioglitazone	84-96	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	71-80
23794606-6	2013	Moreover, we show that the oral administration of pioglitazone, an agonist of PPARgamma, restored mitochondrial content and expression of master regulators of biogenesis, neutralized oxidative damage to proteins and DNA, and reversed bioenergetic failure in terms of ATP levels, NAD+/NADH ratios, pyruvate kinase and glutathione reductase activities.	Pioglitazone	50-62	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	78-87
23794606-6	2013	Moreover, we show that the oral administration of pioglitazone, an agonist of PPARgamma, restored mitochondrial content and expression of master regulators of biogenesis, neutralized oxidative damage to proteins and DNA, and reversed bioenergetic failure in terms of ATP levels, NAD+/NADH ratios, pyruvate kinase and glutathione reductase activities.	Pioglitazone	50-62	glutathione reductase	Mus musculus	317-338
23915000-13	2013	In these cells, PGZ decreased intracellular ATP content and enhanced gene expression of specific protein 1 and peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha).	Pioglitazone	16-19	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	155-184
23915000-13	2013	In these cells, PGZ decreased intracellular ATP content and enhanced gene expression of specific protein 1 and peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha).	Pioglitazone	16-19	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	186-196
23680914-9	2013	In vivo treatment of Bscl2 (-/-) mice with pioglitazone for 9 weeks increased residual inguinal and mesenteric fat pads as well as plasma leptin and adiponectin concentrations.	Pioglitazone	43-55	Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy 2 (seipin)	Mus musculus	21-26
23680914-9	2013	In vivo treatment of Bscl2 (-/-) mice with pioglitazone for 9 weeks increased residual inguinal and mesenteric fat pads as well as plasma leptin and adiponectin concentrations.	Pioglitazone	43-55	leptin	Mus musculus	138-144
23680914-9	2013	In vivo treatment of Bscl2 (-/-) mice with pioglitazone for 9 weeks increased residual inguinal and mesenteric fat pads as well as plasma leptin and adiponectin concentrations.	Pioglitazone	43-55	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	149-160
23680914-13	2013	The demonstration that the metabolic complications associated with BSCL can be partially rescued with pioglitazone treatment opens an interesting therapeutic perspective for BSCL patients.	Pioglitazone	102-114	1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	67-71
23680914-13	2013	The demonstration that the metabolic complications associated with BSCL can be partially rescued with pioglitazone treatment opens an interesting therapeutic perspective for BSCL patients.	Pioglitazone	102-114	1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	174-178
23216460-11	2013	CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that (1) while similar glycemic effects were observed, distinct regulations of UA and other diabetic parameters were observed with pioglitazone depending on the baseline UA levels; (2) pioglitazone downregulated hyperuricemia by possibly relieving insulin resistance; and (3) the level of UA together with other parameters might provide some diabetic characteristics of the subjects.	Pioglitazone	167-179	insulin	Homo sapiens	284-291
23874687-2	2013	Here, we used the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone in an attempt to rescue the pathogenic phenotype in adult (12 months) and aged (>18 months) bitransgenic A/T mice that overexpress a mutated human amyloid precursor protein (APPSwe,Ind) and a constitutively active form of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1).	Pioglitazone	75-87	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	235-260
23874687-2	2013	Here, we used the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone in an attempt to rescue the pathogenic phenotype in adult (12 months) and aged (>18 months) bitransgenic A/T mice that overexpress a mutated human amyloid precursor protein (APPSwe,Ind) and a constitutively active form of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1).	Pioglitazone	75-87	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	310-342
23874687-2	2013	Here, we used the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone in an attempt to rescue the pathogenic phenotype in adult (12 months) and aged (>18 months) bitransgenic A/T mice that overexpress a mutated human amyloid precursor protein (APPSwe,Ind) and a constitutively active form of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1).	Pioglitazone	75-87	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	344-353
23746081-5	2013	Peroxisome Proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a well known target for DM and thiazolidiniones (TZDs; a common class of antidiabetic drug) which includes rosiglitazone and pioglitazone act through PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	189-201	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-48
23758282-1	2013	While its biological function remains unclear, the three-cysteine, one-histidine ligated human [2Fe-2S] cluster containing protein mitoNEET is of interest because of its interaction with the anti-diabetes drug pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	210-222	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	131-139
23746081-5	2013	Peroxisome Proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a well known target for DM and thiazolidiniones (TZDs; a common class of antidiabetic drug) which includes rosiglitazone and pioglitazone act through PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	189-201	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	50-59
23746081-5	2013	Peroxisome Proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a well known target for DM and thiazolidiniones (TZDs; a common class of antidiabetic drug) which includes rosiglitazone and pioglitazone act through PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	189-201	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	214-223
24121378-3	2013	In addition, pioglitazone is an insulin sensitizer used in diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), improving insulin resistance (IR) in adipose tissue and muscles.	Pioglitazone	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
24121378-3	2013	In addition, pioglitazone is an insulin sensitizer used in diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), improving insulin resistance (IR) in adipose tissue and muscles.	Pioglitazone	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	102-109
22340518-3	2013	AIMS : The primary objective is to assess the safety of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, pioglitazone, in increasing doses for three-days followed by a maintenance dose, when administered to patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage within 24 h of symptom onset compared with standard care.	Pioglitazone	118-130	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	60-108
23211475-3	2013	OPG levels during pioglitazone treatment have not previously been evaluated in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).	Pioglitazone	18-30	TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Homo sapiens	0-3
23439381-0	2013	High-resolution identification of human adiponectin oligomers and regulation by pioglitazone in type 2 diabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	80-92	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	40-51
23415633-5	2013	Blockade of PPARgamma with GW9662, an irreversible and selective PPARgamma antagonist, dose-dependently reduced the inhibitory effect of pioglitazone on hypersensitivity, indicating a PPARgamma-dependent action.	Pioglitazone	137-149	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	12-21
23415633-5	2013	Blockade of PPARgamma with GW9662, an irreversible and selective PPARgamma antagonist, dose-dependently reduced the inhibitory effect of pioglitazone on hypersensitivity, indicating a PPARgamma-dependent action.	Pioglitazone	137-149	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	65-74
23415633-5	2013	Blockade of PPARgamma with GW9662, an irreversible and selective PPARgamma antagonist, dose-dependently reduced the inhibitory effect of pioglitazone on hypersensitivity, indicating a PPARgamma-dependent action.	Pioglitazone	137-149	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	65-74
23415633-8	2013	Intraperitoneal pioglitazone significantly reduced the nerve injury-induced up-regulation of cd11b, GFAP, and p-p38 in the dorsal horn, indicating a mechanism of action involving spinal microglia and/or astrocyte activation.	Pioglitazone	16-28	integrin subunit alpha M	Rattus norvegicus	93-98
23415633-8	2013	Intraperitoneal pioglitazone significantly reduced the nerve injury-induced up-regulation of cd11b, GFAP, and p-p38 in the dorsal horn, indicating a mechanism of action involving spinal microglia and/or astrocyte activation.	Pioglitazone	16-28	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	100-104
23415633-9	2013	Oral pioglitazone significantly reduced touch stimulus-evoked phospho-extracellular signal-related kinase (p-ERK) in lamina I-II, indicating a mechanism of action involving inhibition of central sensitization.	Pioglitazone	5-17	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
23415633-10	2013	We conclude that pioglitazone reduces spinal glial and stimulus-evoked p-ERK activation and that PPARgamma activation blocks the development of and reduces established neuropathic pain.	Pioglitazone	17-29	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
23439381-9	2013	The difference between in vivo and in vitro observations suggests that higher total adiponectin protein concentration contributes to pioglitazone"s ability to enhance HMW adiponectin levels, but additional factors likely affect oligomer assembly or turnover independently.	Pioglitazone	133-145	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	84-95
23439381-9	2013	The difference between in vivo and in vitro observations suggests that higher total adiponectin protein concentration contributes to pioglitazone"s ability to enhance HMW adiponectin levels, but additional factors likely affect oligomer assembly or turnover independently.	Pioglitazone	133-145	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	171-182
23776688-10	2013	PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone could also reverse the AGEs-increased inflammatory signalings.	Pioglitazone	18-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
23313950-0	2013	Suppression of primary aldosteronism and resistant hypertension by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	128-140	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	71-119
23557740-9	2013	Pioglitazone pretreatment also suppressed NF-kappaB activation and altered GFAP overexpression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	75-79
23557740-10	2013	The number of TUNEL-labeled cells significantly decreased in the retinas pretreated with pioglitazone, and the Bax-Bcl-2 ratio was much lower in the retinas pretreated with pioglitazone than in the I/R group.	Pioglitazone	173-185	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
23557740-10	2013	The number of TUNEL-labeled cells significantly decreased in the retinas pretreated with pioglitazone, and the Bax-Bcl-2 ratio was much lower in the retinas pretreated with pioglitazone than in the I/R group.	Pioglitazone	173-185	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	115-120
23313950-2	2013	We report a case of 55-year-old man with primary aldosteronism (PA) whose hyperaldosteronism was suppressed with the PPAR gamma agonist pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	136-148	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	117-127
23469878-3	2013	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists, mainly thiazolidinediones, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, have been successfully tested for their neuroprotective potential in PD experimental models, although the cellular target and underlying mechanism are currently a matter of debate.	Pioglitazone	99-111	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-48
24070838-9	2013	The expression of adiponectin, PPARgamma1 and gamma2 was markedly improved by telmisartan and pioglitazone compared with the OLETF control (O-C) group.	Pioglitazone	94-106	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	18-29
24070838-9	2013	The expression of adiponectin, PPARgamma1 and gamma2 was markedly improved by telmisartan and pioglitazone compared with the OLETF control (O-C) group.	Pioglitazone	94-106	crystallin, gamma E	Rattus norvegicus	46-52
23469878-3	2013	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists, mainly thiazolidinediones, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, have been successfully tested for their neuroprotective potential in PD experimental models, although the cellular target and underlying mechanism are currently a matter of debate.	Pioglitazone	99-111	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	50-60
23349486-4	2013	The effect of 10 and 21 days of pioglitazone treatment on insulin sensitivity in 26 diabetic subjects was assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies.	Pioglitazone	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
23625197-5	2013	This review examines the most relevant work on the benefits and risks associated with TZD treatment, with a focus on the only PPARgamma agonist currently available (pioglitazone), aiming to offer the reader a balanced overview about the current and future role of TZDs in the management of insulin-resistant states and T2DM.	Pioglitazone	165-177	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	126-135
23627890-5	2013	A group of PPAR agonists, specifically rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, have shown an extreme amount of promise in the realm of drug discovery for CNS injury due to their ability to increase functional recovery and decrease lesion volumes following injury.	Pioglitazone	57-69	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	11-15
23349486-6	2013	Improved hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity was seen after 21 days of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	78-90	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
23633075-2	2013	Previously, Pioglitazone attenuated cardiac fibrosis and increased miR-711 experimentally.	Pioglitazone	12-24	microRNA 711	Rattus norvegicus	67-74
23673903-5	2013	In addition, inhibitions of inflammatory factor production, serum dyslipidemia, and hepatic fatty acid accumulation by MS and pioglitazone were attenuated by GW9662 (PPARgamma antagonist).	Pioglitazone	126-138	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	166-175
26201790-10	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone therapy in NASH subjects significantly reduced the plasma BCAA level and the degradation was closely related to the improvement of the ALT levels.	Pioglitazone	13-25	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	84-88
26201790-11	2013	These results suggest that pioglitazone improves insulin resistance and BCAA metabolism in NASH patients.	Pioglitazone	27-39	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	72-76
22981741-5	2013	In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of pioglitazone, a synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, on MMPs and oxidative stress in a renal IR injury model in rats.	Pioglitazone	61-73	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	87-135
22981741-5	2013	In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of pioglitazone, a synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, on MMPs and oxidative stress in a renal IR injury model in rats.	Pioglitazone	61-73	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	148-152
22981741-17	2013	Pioglitazone diminished p47-phox/p67-phox expression, whereas it enhanced SOD1 expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	NSFL1 cofactor	Rattus norvegicus	24-27
22981741-17	2013	Pioglitazone diminished p47-phox/p67-phox expression, whereas it enhanced SOD1 expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	methionyl aminopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
22981741-17	2013	Pioglitazone diminished p47-phox/p67-phox expression, whereas it enhanced SOD1 expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	superoxide dismutase 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-78
22999261-0	2013	Does pioglitazone improve depression through insulin-sensitization?	Pioglitazone	5-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	45-52
23562662-1	2013	Effective anti-diabetic drugs known as thiazolidinediones (e.g. rosiglitazone, pioglitazone) exert their therapeutic effects through their agonistic activity at the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	79-91	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	165-213
23562662-1	2013	Effective anti-diabetic drugs known as thiazolidinediones (e.g. rosiglitazone, pioglitazone) exert their therapeutic effects through their agonistic activity at the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	79-91	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	215-224
23545333-0	2013	Pharmacophore modeling, homology modeling, and in silico screening reveal mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitory activities for sotalol, glyburide, metipranolol, sulfamethizole, glipizide, and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	195-207	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	74-103
23483194-3	2013	The aims of the present study were to examine whether and to which extent the two PPARgamma agonists rosiglitazone and pioglitazone relax the isolated human pulmonary artery and to investigate the underlying mechanism(s).	Pioglitazone	119-131	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	82-91
23483194-9	2013	The PPARgamma agonists pioglitazone and rosiglitazone relax human pulmonary arteries.	Pioglitazone	23-35	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-13
23583338-3	2013	The current study aimed to determine the effects of a PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone on mechanical hyperalgesia and neuroimmune activation in a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by L5 spinal nerve transection (SNT).	Pioglitazone	73-85	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
23583338-9	2013	In conclusion, pioglitazone ameliorates the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by L5 SNT via inhibiting the spinal neuroimmune activation in rats, suggesting spinal PPAR-gamma signaling pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of mechanical hyperalgesia.	Pioglitazone	15-27	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	162-172
23717386-6	2013	Importantly, the drug pioglitazone abrogates NAF-1"s ability to transfer the cluster to acceptor proteins and iron to mitochondria.	Pioglitazone	22-34	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2	Homo sapiens	45-50
23717386-8	2013	These results reveal NAF-1 as a previously unidentified cell target of anti-diabetes thiazolidinedione drugs like pioglitazone and of the natural product resveratrol, both of which interact with the protein and stabilize its labile [2Fe-2S] cluster.	Pioglitazone	114-126	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2	Homo sapiens	21-26
23399681-5	2013	While selective inhibition of PPARgamma, neuronal NOS or GC could reverse the pioglitazone-induced potentiation of morphine withdrawal signs; sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor amplified its effect.	Pioglitazone	78-90	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	30-39
23399681-5	2013	While selective inhibition of PPARgamma, neuronal NOS or GC could reverse the pioglitazone-induced potentiation of morphine withdrawal signs; sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor amplified its effect.	Pioglitazone	78-90	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	41-53
23635096-13	2013	Co-administration of candesartan with pioglitazone, which have anti-inflammatory (changes in HMW-ADN and PAI-1) effects and protective effects on organs, could be an effective therapeutic strategy for treating hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	38-50	cilia and flagella associated protein 97	Homo sapiens	93-96
23635096-13	2013	Co-administration of candesartan with pioglitazone, which have anti-inflammatory (changes in HMW-ADN and PAI-1) effects and protective effects on organs, could be an effective therapeutic strategy for treating hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	38-50	complement factor D	Homo sapiens	97-100
23635096-13	2013	Co-administration of candesartan with pioglitazone, which have anti-inflammatory (changes in HMW-ADN and PAI-1) effects and protective effects on organs, could be an effective therapeutic strategy for treating hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	38-50	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	105-110
23504801-0	2013	PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone prevents apoptosis of endothelial progenitor cells from rat bone marrow.	Pioglitazone	19-31	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
23504801-2	2013	This study explores the effect of selective PPAR-gamma agonist, pioglitazone, on EPC apoptosis.	Pioglitazone	64-76	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
23504801-7	2013	The ability of pioglitazone to prevent EPC apoptosis may be mediated by the PI3K/Akt signal pathway.	Pioglitazone	15-27	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
23370527-8	2013	The PPARgamma and EGFR interaction was determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, and the effect of pioglitazone on EGFR activation by luciferase assay.	Pioglitazone	108-120	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	124-128
23370527-9	2013	RESULTS: PTCs exposed to both high glucose and pioglitazone increased protein abundance of P-EGFR, NHE3, AQP1 and PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	47-59	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	93-97
23370527-9	2013	RESULTS: PTCs exposed to both high glucose and pioglitazone increased protein abundance of P-EGFR, NHE3, AQP1 and PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	47-59	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	99-103
23370527-9	2013	RESULTS: PTCs exposed to both high glucose and pioglitazone increased protein abundance of P-EGFR, NHE3, AQP1 and PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	47-59	aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group)	Homo sapiens	105-109
23370527-9	2013	RESULTS: PTCs exposed to both high glucose and pioglitazone increased protein abundance of P-EGFR, NHE3, AQP1 and PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	47-59	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	114-123
23370527-10	2013	Pioglitazone-induced upregulation of NHE3 and AQP1 was abolished by PKI166.	Pioglitazone	0-12	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	37-41
23370527-10	2013	Pioglitazone-induced upregulation of NHE3 and AQP1 was abolished by PKI166.	Pioglitazone	0-12	aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group)	Homo sapiens	46-50
23370527-12	2013	AQP1 and NHE3 but not PPARgamma were increased in a diabetic rat model and further increased by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	96-108	aquaporin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
23370527-12	2013	AQP1 and NHE3 but not PPARgamma were increased in a diabetic rat model and further increased by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	96-108	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	9-13
23370527-13	2013	Pioglitazone induced PPARgamma binding to the EGFR promoter and subsequent downstream activation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	21-30
23370527-13	2013	Pioglitazone induced PPARgamma binding to the EGFR promoter and subsequent downstream activation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	46-50
23776725-3	2013	The aim of this study is evaluation of pioglitazone effects as a drug of PPAR-gamma agonist on endothelial apoptosis induced by sera from AD patients.	Pioglitazone	39-51	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	73-83
23633075-3	2013	We aimed to explore the role and mechanism of miR-711 in pioglitazone-treated myocardial infarction in rats.	Pioglitazone	57-69	microRNA 711	Rattus norvegicus	46-53
23633075-4	2013	Our results showed that pioglitazone significantly reduced collagen-I levels and increased miR-711 expression in myocardial infarction heart.	Pioglitazone	24-36	microRNA 711	Rattus norvegicus	91-98
23633075-5	2013	Pioglitazone increased the expression of miR-711 in cardiac fibroblasts, and overexpression of miR-711 suppressed collagen-I levels in angiotensin II (Ang II)-treated or untreated cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	microRNA 711	Rattus norvegicus	41-48
23633075-5	2013	Pioglitazone increased the expression of miR-711 in cardiac fibroblasts, and overexpression of miR-711 suppressed collagen-I levels in angiotensin II (Ang II)-treated or untreated cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	151-157
23633075-11	2013	We conclude that pioglitazone up-regulated miR-711 to reduce collagen-I levels in rats with myocardial infarction.	Pioglitazone	17-29	microRNA 711	Rattus norvegicus	43-50
23633075-12	2013	The miR-711-SP1-collagen-I pathway may be involved in the anti-fibrotic effects of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	83-95	microRNA 711	Rattus norvegicus	4-11
21153483-3	2013	The apoptosis rate and caspase-3 activity were remarkably increased, and insulin secretion response to glucose was impaired severely by exposure to IL-1beta/IFN-gamma for 48 h compared to control cells, whereas apoptosis rate and caspase-3 activity were significantly decreased in cells with treatment of rosiglitazone (RGZ) or pioglitazone (PIG), and the capacity for insulin secretion response to glucose was recovered.	Pioglitazone	328-340	interleukin-1 beta	Sus scrofa	148-156
23671727-2	2013	METHODS: HepG2 cells cultured in RPMI-1640 were exposed to the commonly used ERK1/2 pathway inhibitor PD98059 and PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	133-145	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	114-123
23671727-6	2013	Although pioglitazone increased the mRNA level (1.47 +- 0.10 vs 0.88 +- 0.02, P = 0.006) and activity index (1.40 +- 0.07 vs 0.79 +- 0.11, P &lt; 0.001) of Delta6D, no such changes have been observed for SCD1 activity index in pioglitazone-treated cells.	Pioglitazone	9-21	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	156-163
23671727-6	2013	Although pioglitazone increased the mRNA level (1.47 +- 0.10 vs 0.88 +- 0.02, P = 0.006) and activity index (1.40 +- 0.07 vs 0.79 +- 0.11, P &lt; 0.001) of Delta6D, no such changes have been observed for SCD1 activity index in pioglitazone-treated cells.	Pioglitazone	9-21	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	204-208
23671727-7	2013	SCD1 gene expression (+26.4%, P = 0.041) and activity index (+52.8%, P = 0.035) were significantly increased by MEK inhibition in the presence of pioglitazone, as compared with pioglitazone alone and control cells.	Pioglitazone	146-158	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	0-4
23671727-7	2013	SCD1 gene expression (+26.4%, P = 0.041) and activity index (+52.8%, P = 0.035) were significantly increased by MEK inhibition in the presence of pioglitazone, as compared with pioglitazone alone and control cells.	Pioglitazone	146-158	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	112-115
23671727-7	2013	SCD1 gene expression (+26.4%, P = 0.041) and activity index (+52.8%, P = 0.035) were significantly increased by MEK inhibition in the presence of pioglitazone, as compared with pioglitazone alone and control cells.	Pioglitazone	177-189	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	0-4
23671727-8	2013	However, the response of Delta6D expression and activity index to pioglitazone was unaffected by incubation with PD98059.	Pioglitazone	66-78	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	25-32
23614038-6	2013	Moreover, we revealed that exon 3 skipping, which causes no frame shift but loss of a domain essential for nuclear translocation, was affected by pioglitazone, a highly selective activator of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) which contributes to cell differentiation and tumorigenesis besides its metabolic actions.	Pioglitazone	146-158	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	196-244
23614038-6	2013	Moreover, we revealed that exon 3 skipping, which causes no frame shift but loss of a domain essential for nuclear translocation, was affected by pioglitazone, a highly selective activator of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) which contributes to cell differentiation and tumorigenesis besides its metabolic actions.	Pioglitazone	146-158	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	246-255
21153483-3	2013	The apoptosis rate and caspase-3 activity were remarkably increased, and insulin secretion response to glucose was impaired severely by exposure to IL-1beta/IFN-gamma for 48 h compared to control cells, whereas apoptosis rate and caspase-3 activity were significantly decreased in cells with treatment of rosiglitazone (RGZ) or pioglitazone (PIG), and the capacity for insulin secretion response to glucose was recovered.	Pioglitazone	328-340	interferon gamma	Sus scrofa	157-166
23313309-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: Pioglitazone (PIO), an antidiabetic drug of the thiazolidinedione family, improves glucose and lipid metabolism in muscle, adipose, and liver tissues via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activation.	Pioglitazone	11-23	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	165-213
23524568-0	2013	Pioglitazone ameliorates memory deficits in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by reducing brain beta-amyloid through PPARgamma activation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	120-129
23524568-1	2013	AIM: To examine the effects of pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, on memory performance and brain amyloidogenesis in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.	Pioglitazone	31-43	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	47-56
23524568-8	2013	Chronic pioglitazone treatment significantly ameliorated the memory deficits and amyloidogenesis of STZ-induced diabetic mice, and suppressed expression of APP, BACE1, RAGE and NF-kappaB p65, and activated PPARgamma in the hippocampus and cortex.	Pioglitazone	8-20	beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1	Mus musculus	161-166
23524568-8	2013	Chronic pioglitazone treatment significantly ameliorated the memory deficits and amyloidogenesis of STZ-induced diabetic mice, and suppressed expression of APP, BACE1, RAGE and NF-kappaB p65, and activated PPARgamma in the hippocampus and cortex.	Pioglitazone	8-20	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Mus musculus	168-172
23524568-8	2013	Chronic pioglitazone treatment significantly ameliorated the memory deficits and amyloidogenesis of STZ-induced diabetic mice, and suppressed expression of APP, BACE1, RAGE and NF-kappaB p65, and activated PPARgamma in the hippocampus and cortex.	Pioglitazone	8-20	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	177-186
23524568-8	2013	Chronic pioglitazone treatment significantly ameliorated the memory deficits and amyloidogenesis of STZ-induced diabetic mice, and suppressed expression of APP, BACE1, RAGE and NF-kappaB p65, and activated PPARgamma in the hippocampus and cortex.	Pioglitazone	8-20	v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian)	Mus musculus	187-190
23524568-8	2013	Chronic pioglitazone treatment significantly ameliorated the memory deficits and amyloidogenesis of STZ-induced diabetic mice, and suppressed expression of APP, BACE1, RAGE and NF-kappaB p65, and activated PPARgamma in the hippocampus and cortex.	Pioglitazone	8-20	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	206-215
23524568-10	2013	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone ameliorates memory deficits in STZ-induced diabetic mice by reducing brain Abeta level via activation of PPARgamma, which is independent of its effects on blood glucose and insulin levels.	Pioglitazone	12-24	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	130-139
23313309-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: Pioglitazone (PIO), an antidiabetic drug of the thiazolidinedione family, improves glucose and lipid metabolism in muscle, adipose, and liver tissues via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activation.	Pioglitazone	25-28	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	165-213
23358645-0	2013	The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone crosses the blood-brain barrier and reduces tumor growth in a human xenograft model.	Pioglitazone	22-34	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-13
23408111-3	2013	Here, we have demonstrated that (PPARgamma) activation by pioglitazone significantly inhibited both oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced cerebral vascular endothelial cell death and middle cerebral artery occlusion-triggered cerebrovascular damage.	Pioglitazone	58-70	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	33-42
23408111-7	2013	Furthermore, KLF11 genetic deficiency effectively abolished pioglitazone cytoprotection in mouse cerebral vascular endothelial cell cultures after oxygen-glucose deprivation, as well as pioglitazone-mediated cerebrovascular protection in a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion model.	Pioglitazone	60-72	Kruppel-like factor 11	Mus musculus	13-18
23358645-2	2013	We investigate the antineoplastic effects of the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (pio) in a human glioma xenograft model to define the minimal required dose to induce antineoplastic effects.	Pioglitazone	67-79	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	49-58
23358645-2	2013	We investigate the antineoplastic effects of the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (pio) in a human glioma xenograft model to define the minimal required dose to induce antineoplastic effects.	Pioglitazone	67-70	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	49-58
24482963-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to test the effect of anti-diabetic agent pioglitazone and Endothelin-1 (ET-1) on adiponectin secretion from human adipose tissue in depot dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	76-88	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	116-127
22486205-1	2013	Pioglitazone, a member of the thiazolidinediones, is a potent, highly selective agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and is an excellent insulin sensitizer used in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	92-140
23680744-3	2013	In addition to their beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis, TZDs-especially pioglitazone-exert a number of other pleiotropic effects that make them ideal agents as monotherapy or in combination with other oral agents, glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs, or insulin.	Pioglitazone	80-92	glucagon	Homo sapiens	222-245
23680744-3	2013	In addition to their beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis, TZDs-especially pioglitazone-exert a number of other pleiotropic effects that make them ideal agents as monotherapy or in combination with other oral agents, glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs, or insulin.	Pioglitazone	80-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	258-265
24482963-9	2013	Pioglitazone stimulate adiponectin secretion in SAT compared to OAT in diabetic patients while ET-1 inhibiting adiponectin secretion in OAT of diabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	23-34
23404530-0	2013	Pioglitazone inhibits high glucose-induced synthesis of extracellular matrix by NF-kappaB and AP-1 pathways in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	94-98
24124423-13	2013	The reduced insulin resistance might be the reason that CTx values decreased and osteocalcin increased significantly after short-term pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	134-146	insulin	Homo sapiens	12-19
24124423-13	2013	The reduced insulin resistance might be the reason that CTx values decreased and osteocalcin increased significantly after short-term pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	134-146	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Homo sapiens	81-92
23404530-2	2013	In the present study, we investigated the effects of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, on HG-induced ECM accumulation and the underlying mechanism in rat PMCs (RPMCs).	Pioglitazone	53-65	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	69-117
23404530-2	2013	In the present study, we investigated the effects of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, on HG-induced ECM accumulation and the underlying mechanism in rat PMCs (RPMCs).	Pioglitazone	53-65	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	119-128
23404530-4	2013	Pretreatment with pioglitazone not only decreased the expression of PAI-1 and matrix proteins (FN and collagen I), but prevented the downregulation of PPARgamma in RPMCs under HG conditions.	Pioglitazone	18-30	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-73
23404530-4	2013	Pretreatment with pioglitazone not only decreased the expression of PAI-1 and matrix proteins (FN and collagen I), but prevented the downregulation of PPARgamma in RPMCs under HG conditions.	Pioglitazone	18-30	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	151-160
23404530-7	2013	Notably, we demonstrated that pretreatment with pioglitazone significantly inhibited HG-induced NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation.	Pioglitazone	48-60	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
23404530-8	2013	Collectively, these results suggest that pioglitazone inhibits HG-induced ECM accumulation in RPMCs by increasing PPARgamma expression, and by inhibiting the NF-kappaB and AP-1 pathways.	Pioglitazone	41-53	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	114-123
23404530-8	2013	Collectively, these results suggest that pioglitazone inhibits HG-induced ECM accumulation in RPMCs by increasing PPARgamma expression, and by inhibiting the NF-kappaB and AP-1 pathways.	Pioglitazone	41-53	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	172-176
23700793-0	2013	Pioglitazone ameliorates palmitate induced impairment of mitochondrial morphology and function and restores insulin level in beta cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Mesocricetus auratus	108-115
23425693-10	2013	In addition, pioglitazone can prevent homocysteine-induced endothelial dysfunction possibly by activating PPAR-gamma.	Pioglitazone	13-25	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	106-116
23288158-2	2013	This study tested the hypothesis that pioglitazone (Pio), a ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, inhibits calcification of the aortic valve in hypercholesteremic mice.	Pioglitazone	38-50	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	71-119
23288158-2	2013	This study tested the hypothesis that pioglitazone (Pio), a ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, inhibits calcification of the aortic valve in hypercholesteremic mice.	Pioglitazone	52-55	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	71-119
23288158-5	2013	In the aortic valve, Pio reduced levels of active caspase-3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining.	Pioglitazone	21-24	caspase 3	Mus musculus	50-59
23288158-5	2013	In the aortic valve, Pio reduced levels of active caspase-3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining.	Pioglitazone	21-24	deoxynucleotidyltransferase, terminal	Mus musculus	64-101
22816533-6	2013	RESULTS: As compared to placebo, 6 months of pioglitazone therapy in patients with T2DM resulted in significant reduction in mean total testosterone level (16.1 to 14.9 vs 17.1 to 17.0 nm; P = 0.031), calculated free testosterone (P = 0.001) and bioavailable testosterone (P = 0.000) despite significant increase in sex hormone-binding globulin (P = 0.000).	Pioglitazone	45-57	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	316-344
23335111-1	2013	Pioglitazone (PGZ), a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agent, is reported as a potent and selective activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma).	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	111-159
23335111-1	2013	Pioglitazone (PGZ), a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agent, is reported as a potent and selective activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma).	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	161-171
23335111-1	2013	Pioglitazone (PGZ), a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agent, is reported as a potent and selective activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma).	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	111-159
23335111-1	2013	Pioglitazone (PGZ), a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agent, is reported as a potent and selective activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma).	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	161-171
22834991-7	2013	Interestingly, KK-A(y)  mice pretreated with pioglitazone showed significant increases in NKT cell proportion, and GalCer-induced increases in IL-4 and IFN-gamma mRNA were also enhanced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	189-201	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	143-147
22834991-7	2013	Interestingly, KK-A(y)  mice pretreated with pioglitazone showed significant increases in NKT cell proportion, and GalCer-induced increases in IL-4 and IFN-gamma mRNA were also enhanced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	189-201	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	152-161
22802358-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Pioglitazone ameliorates insulin resistance, but has an adverse effect of oedema that may result in subsequent heart failure, especially in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease.	Pioglitazone	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
23631252-2	2013	Insulin sensitizers such as metformin and pioglitazone reduce peripheral insulin resistance, whereas dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4) inhibitors augment postprandial insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon secretion.	Pioglitazone	42-54	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
23631252-2	2013	Insulin sensitizers such as metformin and pioglitazone reduce peripheral insulin resistance, whereas dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4) inhibitors augment postprandial insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon secretion.	Pioglitazone	42-54	insulin	Homo sapiens	73-80
23042096-5	2013	Comet analyses showed that, after 2 and 4 months, MCS causes DNA damage in exfoliated urothelial cells, which can be prevented by myo-inositol  and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	208-220	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	152-200
23328000-0	2013	Comparative effects of metformin and pioglitazone on omentin and leptin concentrations in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.	Pioglitazone	37-49	intelectin 1	Homo sapiens	53-60
23328000-0	2013	Comparative effects of metformin and pioglitazone on omentin and leptin concentrations in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.	Pioglitazone	37-49	leptin	Homo sapiens	65-71
23359066-3	2013	METHODS AND RESULTS: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect on C-reactive protein (CRP) after a 16-week treatment period with either pioglitazone or metformin.	Pioglitazone	157-169	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	87-105
23359066-3	2013	METHODS AND RESULTS: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect on C-reactive protein (CRP) after a 16-week treatment period with either pioglitazone or metformin.	Pioglitazone	157-169	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	107-110
22344583-5	2013	In parallel with these advances, there are already randomized trials evaluating several established treatments for insulin resistance (pioglitazone and exenatide) as possible disease modifying drugs in Parkinson"s disease, with only preliminary insights regarding their mechanisms of action in neurodegeneration, which may be effective in both disease processes through an action on mitochondrial function.	Pioglitazone	135-147	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
23362873-6	2013	The treatment of mice skin with the PPARgamma and PPARalpha agonists, pioglitazone and WY14643, was associated with significant increase in photons emission reaching maximal signalling at 6 h. We have performed dose response studies by testing a large range of pioglitazone and WY14643 concentrations on mouse skin.	Pioglitazone	70-82	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	36-45
22869006-5	2013	PPAR-gamma agonists as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are currently gaining increasing attention as promising disease-modifying drugs in this disorder.	Pioglitazone	41-53	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-10
24024139-6	2013	Moreover, pioglitazone-mediated induction of catalase activity in normal rat astrocytes was completely blocked by transfection with a PPARgamma-dominant negative plasmid.	Pioglitazone	10-22	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	134-143
23525438-3	2013	METHODS AND RESULTS: Expression of FABP4 and CD36 was induced by the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone in human cardiac microvessel ECs (HCMECs), but not in human umbilical vein ECs.	Pioglitazone	87-99	fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte	Mus musculus	35-40
23525438-3	2013	METHODS AND RESULTS: Expression of FABP4 and CD36 was induced by the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone in human cardiac microvessel ECs (HCMECs), but not in human umbilical vein ECs.	Pioglitazone	87-99	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	69-78
23525438-4	2013	Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry of the heart tissue of control (Pparg(fl/null)) mice showed an increase in expression of FABP4 and CD36 in capillary ECs by either pioglitazone treatment or 48 hours of fasting, and these effects were not found in mice deficient in endothelial PPARgamma (Pparg( )(EC)(/null)).	Pioglitazone	170-182	fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte	Mus musculus	128-133
23525438-4	2013	Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry of the heart tissue of control (Pparg(fl/null)) mice showed an increase in expression of FABP4 and CD36 in capillary ECs by either pioglitazone treatment or 48 hours of fasting, and these effects were not found in mice deficient in endothelial PPARgamma (Pparg( )(EC)(/null)).	Pioglitazone	170-182	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	71-77
23525438-5	2013	Luciferase reporter constructs of the Fabp4 and CD36 promoters were markedly activated by pioglitazone in HCMECs through canonical PPAR-responsive elements.	Pioglitazone	90-102	fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte	Mus musculus	38-43
24229459-5	2013	Other variables that improved with pioglitazone were the CRP, IL-6, and patient-reported assessment of global health.	Pioglitazone	35-47	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	57-60
24229459-5	2013	Other variables that improved with pioglitazone were the CRP, IL-6, and patient-reported assessment of global health.	Pioglitazone	35-47	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	62-66
23328000-1	2013	AIMS: To assess the effects of two commonly used oral hypoglycemic medications metformin and pioglitazone on serum concentrations of omentin and leptin in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	93-105	intelectin 1	Homo sapiens	133-140
23328000-1	2013	AIMS: To assess the effects of two commonly used oral hypoglycemic medications metformin and pioglitazone on serum concentrations of omentin and leptin in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	93-105	leptin	Homo sapiens	145-151
23328000-10	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Metformin and pioglitazone at pharmacologic doses are equally effective in alteration of serum omentin and leptin concentrations in patients with diabetes, albeit sex differences in response to medications exist.	Pioglitazone	27-39	intelectin 1	Homo sapiens	108-115
23328000-10	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Metformin and pioglitazone at pharmacologic doses are equally effective in alteration of serum omentin and leptin concentrations in patients with diabetes, albeit sex differences in response to medications exist.	Pioglitazone	27-39	leptin	Homo sapiens	120-126
23147557-0	2013	PPAR-gamma2 and PTPRD gene polymorphisms influence type 2 diabetes patients" response to pioglitazone in China.	Pioglitazone	89-101	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-11
23147557-0	2013	PPAR-gamma2 and PTPRD gene polymorphisms influence type 2 diabetes patients" response to pioglitazone in China.	Pioglitazone	89-101	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type D	Homo sapiens	16-21
23147557-1	2013	AIM: To investigate the influence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPAR-gamma2) gene polymorphism rs1801282 and protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type D (PTPRD) gene polymorphism rs17584499 on the occurrence of type 2 diabetes and pioglitazone efficacy in a Chinese Han population.	Pioglitazone	256-268	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type D	Homo sapiens	179-184
23147557-7	2013	After pioglitazone treatment for 3 months, the type 2 diabetes patients with PPAR-gamma2 rs1801282 CG genotypes significantly showed higher differential values of postprandial plasma glucose and serum triglyceride compared with those with rs1801282 CC genotype.	Pioglitazone	6-18	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	77-88
23147557-9	2013	CONCLUSION: Diabetes risk alleles in PPAR-gamma2 (rs1801282) and PTPRD (rs17584499) are associated with pioglitazone therapeutic efficacy.	Pioglitazone	104-116	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	37-48
23147557-9	2013	CONCLUSION: Diabetes risk alleles in PPAR-gamma2 (rs1801282) and PTPRD (rs17584499) are associated with pioglitazone therapeutic efficacy.	Pioglitazone	104-116	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type D	Homo sapiens	65-70
23175674-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: To determine whether changes in standard and novel risk factors during the Actos Now for Prevention of Diabetes trial explained the slower rate of carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) progression with pioglitazone treatment in persons with prediabetes.	Pioglitazone	213-225	CIMT	Homo sapiens	190-194
23175674-5	2013	However, the effect of pioglitazone on CIMT progression was not attenuated by multiple methods of adjustment for traditional, metabolic, and inflammatory risk factors and concomitant medications, and was independent of changes in risk factors during pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	23-35	CIMT	Homo sapiens	39-43
23175674-6	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone slowed progression of CIMT, independent of improvement in hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and systemic inflammation in prediabetes.	Pioglitazone	13-25	CIMT	Homo sapiens	48-52
23362873-6	2013	The treatment of mice skin with the PPARgamma and PPARalpha agonists, pioglitazone and WY14643, was associated with significant increase in photons emission reaching maximal signalling at 6 h. We have performed dose response studies by testing a large range of pioglitazone and WY14643 concentrations on mouse skin.	Pioglitazone	70-82	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	50-59
23362873-6	2013	The treatment of mice skin with the PPARgamma and PPARalpha agonists, pioglitazone and WY14643, was associated with significant increase in photons emission reaching maximal signalling at 6 h. We have performed dose response studies by testing a large range of pioglitazone and WY14643 concentrations on mouse skin.	Pioglitazone	261-273	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	36-45
23362873-6	2013	The treatment of mice skin with the PPARgamma and PPARalpha agonists, pioglitazone and WY14643, was associated with significant increase in photons emission reaching maximal signalling at 6 h. We have performed dose response studies by testing a large range of pioglitazone and WY14643 concentrations on mouse skin.	Pioglitazone	261-273	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	50-59
23362873-7	2013	The specificity of bioluminescence signal induced by pioglitazone and WY14643 was assessed using PPARgamma and PPARalpha antagonists, GW9662 and GW6471, respectively.	Pioglitazone	53-65	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	97-106
23362873-7	2013	The specificity of bioluminescence signal induced by pioglitazone and WY14643 was assessed using PPARgamma and PPARalpha antagonists, GW9662 and GW6471, respectively.	Pioglitazone	53-65	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	111-120
24024139-6	2013	Moreover, pioglitazone-mediated induction of catalase activity in normal rat astrocytes was completely blocked by transfection with a PPARgamma-dominant negative plasmid.	Pioglitazone	10-22	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	45-53
23298687-0	2013	Apoptosis rate and transcriptional response of pancreatic islets exposed to the PPAR gamma agonist Pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	99-111	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	80-90
24020899-3	2013	Therefore, we examined the hypothesis that pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, would decrease inflammation and disease activity and improve insulin resistance in patients with RA.	Pioglitazone	43-55	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	77-125
24020899-3	2013	Therefore, we examined the hypothesis that pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, would decrease inflammation and disease activity and improve insulin resistance in patients with RA.	Pioglitazone	43-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	196-203
24020899-12	2013	CONCLUSION: Addition of pioglitazone to RA therapy improves insulin resistance and modestly reduces RA disease activity measured by DAS28-CRP and two of its components, including patient-reported global health and CRP, but not DAS28-ESR or ESR.	Pioglitazone	24-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	60-67
23370354-0	2013	Effect of Cytochrome P450 2C8*3 on the Population Pharmacokinetics of Pioglitazone in Healthy Caucasian Volunteers.	Pioglitazone	70-82	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	10-29
23370354-2	2013	Pioglitazone undergoes hepatic metabolism by cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) and interindividual variability exists in pioglitazone disposition and response.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	45-64
23370354-2	2013	Pioglitazone undergoes hepatic metabolism by cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) and interindividual variability exists in pioglitazone disposition and response.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	66-72
23370354-3	2013	In previous analyses, it has been shown that the CYP2C8*3 polymorphism significantly impacts pioglitazone pharmacokinetics in humans.	Pioglitazone	93-105	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	49-55
23370354-4	2013	The purpose of this investigation was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model using nonlinear mixed effects analysis to evaluate and quantify the effect of CYP2C8*3, demographic, and clinical variables on interindividual variability in pioglitazone pharmacokinetics in nondiabetic adults.	Pioglitazone	242-254	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	162-168
23370354-8	2013	Covariate analysis revealed that CYP2C8*3 had a significant effect on pioglitazone central compartment clearance (CL/F; p=0.0005) and intercompartmental clearance (Q/F; p=0.004).	Pioglitazone	70-82	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	33-39
23386130-8	2013	Pioglitazone (9 mg/kg), the PPARgamma agonist, administered for six weeks deteriorated hepatic steatosis in ddY-H mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	28-37
23546292-2	2013	Pioglitazone is a PPARgamma agonist that is widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	18-27
23546292-8	2013	When cells were co-treated with pioglitazone and E2, PPARgamma protein expression significantly increased in an E2-dependent manner, whereas this expression seemed to be reduced by pioglitazone mono-treatment and co-treatment with DHT at higher concentrations.	Pioglitazone	32-44	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	53-62
23546292-12	2013	Taken together, our results suggest that sex hormones may influence PPARgamma expression and function, which may explain the observed sex-specific different effect of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	167-179	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	68-77
24009864-1	2013	High risk of cardiovascular diseases caused by existing PPAR-gamma agonists such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone has been recently reported.	Pioglitazone	102-114	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	56-66
22625877-0	2013	Impact of the CYP2C8 *3 polymorphism on the drug-drug interaction between gemfibrozil and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	90-102	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	14-20
22625877-1	2013	AIM: The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which the CYP2C8*3 allele influences pharmacokinetic variability in the drug-drug interaction between gemfibrozil (CYP2C8 inhibitor) and pioglitazone (CYP2C8 substrate).	Pioglitazone	201-213	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	74-80
22625877-6	2013	When pioglitazone was administered alone, the mean AUC(0, ) was 29.7% lower (P = 0.01) in CYP2C8*3 carriers compared with CYP2C8*1 homozygotes.	Pioglitazone	5-17	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	90-96
22625877-6	2013	When pioglitazone was administered alone, the mean AUC(0, ) was 29.7% lower (P = 0.01) in CYP2C8*3 carriers compared with CYP2C8*1 homozygotes.	Pioglitazone	5-17	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	122-128
22625877-7	2013	The relative change in pioglitazone plasma exposure following gemfibrozil administration was significantly influenced by CYP2C8 genotype.	Pioglitazone	23-35	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	121-127
22625877-8	2013	Specifically, CYP2C8*3 carriers had a 5.2-fold mean increase in pioglitazone AUC(0, ) compared with a 3.3-fold mean increase in CYP2C8*1 homozygotes (P = 0.02).	Pioglitazone	64-76	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	14-20
22625877-9	2013	CONCLUSION: CYP2C8*3 is associated with decreased pioglitazone plasma exposure in vivo and significantly influences the pharmacokinetic magnitude of the gemfibrozil-pioglitazone drug-drug interaction.	Pioglitazone	50-62	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	12-18
22625877-9	2013	CONCLUSION: CYP2C8*3 is associated with decreased pioglitazone plasma exposure in vivo and significantly influences the pharmacokinetic magnitude of the gemfibrozil-pioglitazone drug-drug interaction.	Pioglitazone	165-177	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	12-18
22860752-5	2013	CONCLUSIONS: The effects of rosiglitazone or pioglitazone shown on SSc fibroblasts raise the hypothesis of a therapeutic role for PPARgamma agonists in patients affected by SSc.	Pioglitazone	45-57	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	130-139
24029780-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) - rosiglitazone and pioglitazone - a class of insulin sensitizer for treating type 2 diabetes, have been reported to exhibit neuroprotective effects in preclinical studies and have good effects in the control of blood sugar for diabetic patients with insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	58-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	84-91
22795892-14	2013	Regarding markers, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), LPSF/GQ-16, and pioglitazone exerted similar effects, increasing the expression of MMP-9, and had no effect on the expression of eNOS compared with the control group.	Pioglitazone	116-128	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	183-188
24029780-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) - rosiglitazone and pioglitazone - a class of insulin sensitizer for treating type 2 diabetes, have been reported to exhibit neuroprotective effects in preclinical studies and have good effects in the control of blood sugar for diabetic patients with insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	58-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	289-296
23142017-0	2013	Three-month treatment with pioglitazone reduces circulating C1q-binding adiponectin complex to total-adiponectin ratio, without changes in body mass index, in people with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	27-39	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	72-83
23142017-0	2013	Three-month treatment with pioglitazone reduces circulating C1q-binding adiponectin complex to total-adiponectin ratio, without changes in body mass index, in people with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	27-39	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	101-112
23142017-2	2013	The results indicate 3-month treatment with pioglitazone reduces circulating levels of C1q-APN/total-adiponectin ratio without changes in body mass index.	Pioglitazone	44-56	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	101-112
23884819-13	2013	The combinations of verapamil with either carbenoxolone or pioglitazone caused further reduction in ulcer index, gastric acid output and 15-PGDH activity (p &lt; 0.05), while causing further increase in gastric barrier mucus (p &lt; 0.05) compared to their respective individual treatment group.	Pioglitazone	59-71	15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	137-144
23197113-6	2013	Incubation with pioglitazone, an insulin sensitizer, increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) expression after 48 h. A 48-h pre-incubation with insulin reduced the phosphorylation and concentration of the insulin receptors, which were increased by insulin treatment.	Pioglitazone	16-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
23197113-6	2013	Incubation with pioglitazone, an insulin sensitizer, increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) expression after 48 h. A 48-h pre-incubation with insulin reduced the phosphorylation and concentration of the insulin receptors, which were increased by insulin treatment.	Pioglitazone	16-28	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	63-111
23197113-6	2013	Incubation with pioglitazone, an insulin sensitizer, increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) expression after 48 h. A 48-h pre-incubation with insulin reduced the phosphorylation and concentration of the insulin receptors, which were increased by insulin treatment.	Pioglitazone	16-28	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	113-122
23197113-6	2013	Incubation with pioglitazone, an insulin sensitizer, increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) expression after 48 h. A 48-h pre-incubation with insulin reduced the phosphorylation and concentration of the insulin receptors, which were increased by insulin treatment.	Pioglitazone	16-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	174-181
23197113-6	2013	Incubation with pioglitazone, an insulin sensitizer, increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) expression after 48 h. A 48-h pre-incubation with insulin reduced the phosphorylation and concentration of the insulin receptors, which were increased by insulin treatment.	Pioglitazone	16-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	174-181
23197113-6	2013	Incubation with pioglitazone, an insulin sensitizer, increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) expression after 48 h. A 48-h pre-incubation with insulin reduced the phosphorylation and concentration of the insulin receptors, which were increased by insulin treatment.	Pioglitazone	16-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	174-181
23884819-0	2013	15-PGDH inhibitors: the antiulcer effects of carbenoxolone, pioglitazone and verapamil in indomethacin induced peptic ulcer rats.	Pioglitazone	60-72	15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
23884819-3	2013	The aim of the present study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of carbenoxolone, pioglitazone and verapamil on 15-PGDH enzyme.	Pioglitazone	87-99	15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	117-124
23884819-11	2013	The rats pretreated with carbenoxolone, pioglitazone, verapamil had reduced ulcer index, gastric acid output and 15-PGDH activity (p &lt; 0.05) compared to either indomethacin group or the negative control group.	Pioglitazone	40-52	15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	113-120
22989705-6	2013	The obtained results showed that pioglitazone improved the renal function, structural changes, renal malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) genes expression in cisplatin injected rats.	Pioglitazone	33-45	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	124-151
22989705-6	2013	The obtained results showed that pioglitazone improved the renal function, structural changes, renal malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) genes expression in cisplatin injected rats.	Pioglitazone	33-45	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	153-162
22989705-10	2013	In conclusion, these results suggested that pioglitazone protected against cisplatin- induced nephrotoxicity through its interaction with PPAR-gamma receptors and antioxidant effects.	Pioglitazone	44-56	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	138-148
23370354-12	2013	In summary, CYP2C8*3 significantly affected pioglitazone CL/F, Q/F, and interindividual variability in these parameters in this healthy volunteer cohort.	Pioglitazone	44-56	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	12-18
23221346-7	2013	These findings were clinically relevant, because treatment of diabetic obese patients with pioglitazone, an antidiabetic and antiinflammatory PPARgamma agonist, restored expression of TWIST1, GPS2, and SMRT in adipose tissue.	Pioglitazone	91-103	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	142-151
23221346-7	2013	These findings were clinically relevant, because treatment of diabetic obese patients with pioglitazone, an antidiabetic and antiinflammatory PPARgamma agonist, restored expression of TWIST1, GPS2, and SMRT in adipose tissue.	Pioglitazone	91-103	twist family bHLH transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	184-190
23221346-7	2013	These findings were clinically relevant, because treatment of diabetic obese patients with pioglitazone, an antidiabetic and antiinflammatory PPARgamma agonist, restored expression of TWIST1, GPS2, and SMRT in adipose tissue.	Pioglitazone	91-103	G protein pathway suppressor 2	Homo sapiens	192-196
23221346-7	2013	These findings were clinically relevant, because treatment of diabetic obese patients with pioglitazone, an antidiabetic and antiinflammatory PPARgamma agonist, restored expression of TWIST1, GPS2, and SMRT in adipose tissue.	Pioglitazone	91-103	nuclear receptor corepressor 2	Homo sapiens	202-206
23367497-10	2013	This report highlights the clinical features of SEIR and the role of insulin sensitizers like pioglitazone in the management of such patients.	Pioglitazone	94-106	insulin	Homo sapiens	69-76
24379032-5	2013	The purpose of this study was to examine whether pioglitazone, given with insulin, preserved beta cell function in patients with new-onset T1DM.	Pioglitazone	49-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
24379032-16	2013	The interaction of HbA1c and insulin dose (HbA1c* insulin/kg/day), which combines degree of diabetic control and dose of insulin required to achieve this control, showed transient improvement in the pioglitazone group at 12 weeks but was not sustained at 24 weeks.	Pioglitazone	199-211	insulin	Homo sapiens	29-36
24379032-16	2013	The interaction of HbA1c and insulin dose (HbA1c* insulin/kg/day), which combines degree of diabetic control and dose of insulin required to achieve this control, showed transient improvement in the pioglitazone group at 12 weeks but was not sustained at 24 weeks.	Pioglitazone	199-211	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
24379032-16	2013	The interaction of HbA1c and insulin dose (HbA1c* insulin/kg/day), which combines degree of diabetic control and dose of insulin required to achieve this control, showed transient improvement in the pioglitazone group at 12 weeks but was not sustained at 24 weeks.	Pioglitazone	199-211	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
24005019-9	2013	Pioglitazone administration increased the SCD indices for the muscles, perirenal adipose tissue, and liver, but not those of BAT.	Pioglitazone	0-12	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
24005019-11	2013	These results indicate that pioglitazone administration improved glucose tolerance and increased fat accumulation and SCD indices in the muscles and adipose tissues of rats.	Pioglitazone	28-40	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Rattus norvegicus	118-121
23884819-14	2013	CONCLUSIONS: The antiulcer properties of pioglitazone and verapamil are, in part, consequences of their inhibitory effect on the enzyme 15-PGDH, responsible for PGs degradation, and the resultant prolongation of PGE2 biological activity in rat stomach mucosa.	Pioglitazone	41-53	15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	136-143
24145089-10	2013	TNF-alpha was reduced in pioglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	25-37	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
22964975-11	2013	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone decreased blood glucose and TG, increased insulin sensitivity, and ameliorated endothelial dysfunction of IGR subjects among the first-degree relatives of T2DM patients.	Pioglitazone	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
24145089-12	2013	CONCLUSION: The present study showed reduction in lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde levels and TNF-alpha levels in pioglitazone-treated group and hence, there was significant improvement in gross and microscopic features, too.	Pioglitazone	117-129	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	97-106
23577024-1	2013	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- gamma (PPAR gamma ) agonists such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are used to improve insulin sensitivity in patients with diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	99-111	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-49
23563031-10	2013	The protective effect of pioglitazone was accompanied by a fall in serum IL-1beta level.	Pioglitazone	25-37	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	73-81
23563031-11	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Chronic treatment with pioglitazone exerts a more prominent gastroprotective effect on the stomach ulcers of cirrhotic rats compared to control group probably due to constitutive nitric oxide synthase induction or inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition.	Pioglitazone	36-48	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	227-258
23563031-12	2013	Suppression of IL-1beta could be another mechanism in pioglitazone-induced healing effect of gastric ulcers in cirrhotic rats.	Pioglitazone	54-66	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	15-23
23555749-9	2013	The improved diastolic function following pioglitazone treatment associated with increases in omentin-1 levels (P&lt;0.05).	Pioglitazone	42-54	intelectin 1	Homo sapiens	94-101
23533381-3	2013	Pioglitazone reversed these effects but upregulated NHE3 and AQP1 expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	52-56
23533381-3	2013	Pioglitazone reversed these effects but upregulated NHE3 and AQP1 expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group)	Homo sapiens	61-65
23533381-4	2013	Gefitinib inhibited high glucose induced fibronectin and collagen IV, and EGFR and Erk1/2 phosphorylation and reversed pioglitazone-induced increases in NHE3 and AQP1 expression.	Pioglitazone	119-131	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	153-157
23533381-4	2013	Gefitinib inhibited high glucose induced fibronectin and collagen IV, and EGFR and Erk1/2 phosphorylation and reversed pioglitazone-induced increases in NHE3 and AQP1 expression.	Pioglitazone	119-131	aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group)	Homo sapiens	162-166
23200554-10	2013	In the U.S. sample, patients treated with pioglitazone, when compared to placebo treated patents, had significantly lower fasting glucose (F=3.99, P=0.02), improved insulin sensitivity (lower H0MA-IR, F=6.24, P=.002), lower triglycerides (F=2.68, P=.06) and increased HDL (F=6.50, P=.001).	Pioglitazone	42-54	insulin	Homo sapiens	165-172
23254291-0	2012	Effects of long-term treatment with pioglitazone on cognition and glucose metabolism of PS1-KI, 3xTg-AD, and wild-type mice.	Pioglitazone	36-48	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	88-91
23254291-7	2012	PIO-treated PS1-KI females also showed no statistically significant alterations in brain mitochondrial enzyme activity but significantly increased reverse LDH activity.PIO treatment produced no effects on cognition, glucose metabolism, or mitochondrial functioning in 3xTg-AD mice.	Pioglitazone	0-3	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	12-15
23041271-5	2012	Using pyrrolidinedione analogs of the thiazolidinedione drugs troglitazone (TGZ), rosiglitazone (RGZ), and pioglitazone (PGZ), we evaluated their PPAR(gamma) activities, anti-cancer properties as well as toxicological effects.	Pioglitazone	107-119	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	146-157
23337792-0	2012	Pioglitazone attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via up-regulation of ERK and COX-2.	Pioglitazone	0-12	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
23337792-0	2012	Pioglitazone attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via up-regulation of ERK and COX-2.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	92-97
23337792-1	2012	Our previous study demonstrated that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonist, pioglitazone (PIO), may be cardioprotective against ischemia-reperfusion injury; however, modulation of p42/p44 extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 by PIO in the myocardium with respect to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is only partially understood.	Pioglitazone	106-118	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	41-83
23337792-1	2012	Our previous study demonstrated that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonist, pioglitazone (PIO), may be cardioprotective against ischemia-reperfusion injury; however, modulation of p42/p44 extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 by PIO in the myocardium with respect to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is only partially understood.	Pioglitazone	106-118	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	85-89
23337792-1	2012	Our previous study demonstrated that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonist, pioglitazone (PIO), may be cardioprotective against ischemia-reperfusion injury; however, modulation of p42/p44 extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 by PIO in the myocardium with respect to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is only partially understood.	Pioglitazone	106-118	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	214-217
23337792-1	2012	Our previous study demonstrated that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonist, pioglitazone (PIO), may be cardioprotective against ischemia-reperfusion injury; however, modulation of p42/p44 extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 by PIO in the myocardium with respect to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is only partially understood.	Pioglitazone	106-118	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	258-264
23253723-4	2012	To investigate the underlying mechanism of HDL-induced Lp-PLA2 action, pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) ligand, was introduced to human monocyte-derived macrophages and mRNA and protein levels of Lp-PLA2, as well as its activity, were determined.	Pioglitazone	71-83	phospholipase A2 group VII	Homo sapiens	55-62
23253723-4	2012	To investigate the underlying mechanism of HDL-induced Lp-PLA2 action, pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) ligand, was introduced to human monocyte-derived macrophages and mRNA and protein levels of Lp-PLA2, as well as its activity, were determined.	Pioglitazone	71-83	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	87-135
23253723-4	2012	To investigate the underlying mechanism of HDL-induced Lp-PLA2 action, pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) ligand, was introduced to human monocyte-derived macrophages and mRNA and protein levels of Lp-PLA2, as well as its activity, were determined.	Pioglitazone	71-83	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	137-146
23253723-4	2012	To investigate the underlying mechanism of HDL-induced Lp-PLA2 action, pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) ligand, was introduced to human monocyte-derived macrophages and mRNA and protein levels of Lp-PLA2, as well as its activity, were determined.	Pioglitazone	71-83	phospholipase A2 group VII	Homo sapiens	240-247
23253723-6	2012	Pioglitazone treatment (1 - 10 ng/ml) upregulated the Lp-PLA2 mRNA level, protein expression and activity in human monocyte-derived macrophages, while the effects were markedly reversed by HDL.	Pioglitazone	0-12	phospholipase A2 group VII	Homo sapiens	54-61
23253723-7	2012	In addition, pioglitazone resulted in a significant increase in PPARgamma phosphorylation in human monocyte-derived macrophages, which could be inhibited by HDL.	Pioglitazone	13-25	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	64-73
23401789-0	2013	Improved Insulin Sensitivity during Pioglitazone Treatment Is Associated with Changes in IGF-I and Cortisol Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance.	Pioglitazone	36-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
23401789-0	2013	Improved Insulin Sensitivity during Pioglitazone Treatment Is Associated with Changes in IGF-I and Cortisol Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance.	Pioglitazone	36-48	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	89-94
23401789-3	2013	We examined pioglitazone"s effects on the GH-IGF-I and HPA axes in men with varying glucose intolerance.	Pioglitazone	12-24	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	45-50
23401789-18	2013	Pioglitazone affected cortisol levels in both groups but differently, suggesting different mechanisms for improving insulin sensitivity between T2D and IGT.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	116-123
23527159-2	2013	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone previously used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has also been demonstrated to be effective in anti-inflammatory reaction and anti-oxidative stress in the animal models of AD and other neuroinflammatory diseases.	Pioglitazone	69-81	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	0-48
23527159-2	2013	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone previously used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has also been demonstrated to be effective in anti-inflammatory reaction and anti-oxidative stress in the animal models of AD and other neuroinflammatory diseases.	Pioglitazone	69-81	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	50-59
23300941-5	2013	These results were further supported biochemically, where oral phytol and/or pioglitazone (5 mg/kg) improved significantly glucose homeostasis, lipid panel, raised serum adiponectin level and lowered TNF-alpha, reaching in most cases the effect of the 10 mg/kg pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	77-89	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	170-181
23300941-5	2013	These results were further supported biochemically, where oral phytol and/or pioglitazone (5 mg/kg) improved significantly glucose homeostasis, lipid panel, raised serum adiponectin level and lowered TNF-alpha, reaching in most cases the effect of the 10 mg/kg pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	77-89	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	200-209
23710164-4	2013	Pioglitazone significantly improved C-reactive protein level irrespective of changes in insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	0-12	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	36-54
24454335-3	2013	Our study was focused on the effects of a PPAR gamma agonist pioglitazone (PIO) on blood pressure regulation, vasoactivity of vessels, and redox-sensitive signaling at the central (brainstem, BS) and peripheral (left ventricle, LV) levels in young prehypertensive rats.	Pioglitazone	61-73	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
24448252-5	2013	Drugs that directly reduce insulin resistance (pioglitazone and metformin) are also associated with lesser but still significant decreases in MACE.	Pioglitazone	47-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
23105093-2	2012	In this study, we show that, in L6 cells, rosiglitazone- as well as pioglitazone-dependent activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) represses transcription of the ped/pea-15 gene, whose increased activity impairs glucose tolerance in mice and humans.	Pioglitazone	68-80	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	105-153
23105093-2	2012	In this study, we show that, in L6 cells, rosiglitazone- as well as pioglitazone-dependent activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) represses transcription of the ped/pea-15 gene, whose increased activity impairs glucose tolerance in mice and humans.	Pioglitazone	68-80	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	155-164
23105093-2	2012	In this study, we show that, in L6 cells, rosiglitazone- as well as pioglitazone-dependent activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) represses transcription of the ped/pea-15 gene, whose increased activity impairs glucose tolerance in mice and humans.	Pioglitazone	68-80	preimplantation embryo development	Mus musculus	197-200
23105093-2	2012	In this study, we show that, in L6 cells, rosiglitazone- as well as pioglitazone-dependent activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) represses transcription of the ped/pea-15 gene, whose increased activity impairs glucose tolerance in mice and humans.	Pioglitazone	68-80	proliferation and apoptosis adaptor protein 15A	Mus musculus	201-207
22945239-1	2012	Human mitochondrial protein mitoNEET is a novel target of type II diabetes drug pioglitazone, and contains a redox active [2Fe-2S] cluster that is hosted by a unique ligand arrangement of three cysteine and one histidine residues.	Pioglitazone	80-92	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	28-36
23127227-8	2012	Pioglitazone significantly reduced the degree of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, as well as serum concentrations of aminotransaminase, TG, FFA, glucose, insulin and TGF-beta1 and hepatic expression of alpha-SMA and collagen I protein.	Pioglitazone	0-12	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	165-174
23127227-8	2012	Pioglitazone significantly reduced the degree of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, as well as serum concentrations of aminotransaminase, TG, FFA, glucose, insulin and TGF-beta1 and hepatic expression of alpha-SMA and collagen I protein.	Pioglitazone	0-12	actin gamma 2, smooth muscle	Rattus norvegicus	201-210
23127227-9	2012	In addition, pioglitazone significantly increased serum adiponectin concentrations and hepatic expression of adiponectin mRNA and AMPK protein.	Pioglitazone	13-25	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	56-67
23127227-9	2012	In addition, pioglitazone significantly increased serum adiponectin concentrations and hepatic expression of adiponectin mRNA and AMPK protein.	Pioglitazone	13-25	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	109-120
23127227-9	2012	In addition, pioglitazone significantly increased serum adiponectin concentrations and hepatic expression of adiponectin mRNA and AMPK protein.	Pioglitazone	13-25	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	130-134
23127227-10	2012	In conclusion, the TZD pioglitazone improved hepatic fibrosis in rats with NASH by upregulating adiponectin expression and activating AMPK, thus subsequently inhibiting the activation of hepatic stellate cells and the overproduction of extracellular matrix.	Pioglitazone	23-35	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	96-107
23127227-10	2012	In conclusion, the TZD pioglitazone improved hepatic fibrosis in rats with NASH by upregulating adiponectin expression and activating AMPK, thus subsequently inhibiting the activation of hepatic stellate cells and the overproduction of extracellular matrix.	Pioglitazone	23-35	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	134-138
22942318-6	2012	Use of this two-step statistical evaluation is illustrated with the examination of five drugs of varying capabilities to inactivate CYP3A4: ketoconazole, erythromycin, raloxifene, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	199-211	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	132-138
22995601-1	2012	Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), pioglitazone, rosiglitazone and troglitazone, the synthetic agonists for the PPARgamma, administered prior or during ischemic insult improve stroke outcome in rodents, post-occlusion treatments yielded inconsistent results.	Pioglitazone	27-39	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	104-113
25755455-6	2012	RESULTS: Both pentoxifylline and pioglitazone were effective in improving transaminases, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and adiponectin levels significantly.	Pioglitazone	33-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	89-96
25755455-6	2012	RESULTS: Both pentoxifylline and pioglitazone were effective in improving transaminases, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and adiponectin levels significantly.	Pioglitazone	33-45	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	122-133
22613706-11	2012	Pioglitazone, a ligand of PPARgamma activating protein kinase A (PKA), significantly attenuated this delay by sorting Mrp2 into bile canalicular membranes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	26-35
22613706-11	2012	Pioglitazone, a ligand of PPARgamma activating protein kinase A (PKA), significantly attenuated this delay by sorting Mrp2 into bile canalicular membranes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	47-63
22613706-11	2012	Pioglitazone, a ligand of PPARgamma activating protein kinase A (PKA), significantly attenuated this delay by sorting Mrp2 into bile canalicular membranes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
22613706-11	2012	Pioglitazone, a ligand of PPARgamma activating protein kinase A (PKA), significantly attenuated this delay by sorting Mrp2 into bile canalicular membranes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2	Rattus norvegicus	118-122
22613706-14	2012	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone activated PKA, increasing Mrp2 transports to detoxify xenobiotics.	Pioglitazone	12-24	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
22613706-14	2012	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone activated PKA, increasing Mrp2 transports to detoxify xenobiotics.	Pioglitazone	12-24	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2	Rattus norvegicus	51-55
23577024-1	2013	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- gamma (PPAR gamma ) agonists such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are used to improve insulin sensitivity in patients with diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	99-111	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	51-61
22944106-1	2012	INTRODUCTION: Pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist, which is clinically used in treating diabetic patients, has been recently reported to have crucial roles in improving cognition and memory performance.	Pioglitazone	14-26	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	30-40
23197723-4	2012	The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone and a novel selective PPARalpha/gamma modulator, DSP-8658, currently in clinical development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, enhanced the microglial uptake of Abeta in a PPARgamma-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	22-34	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	4-13
23197723-4	2012	The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone and a novel selective PPARalpha/gamma modulator, DSP-8658, currently in clinical development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, enhanced the microglial uptake of Abeta in a PPARgamma-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	22-34	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	200-205
23197723-4	2012	The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone and a novel selective PPARalpha/gamma modulator, DSP-8658, currently in clinical development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, enhanced the microglial uptake of Abeta in a PPARgamma-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	22-34	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	211-220
23148347-9	2012	The average time in days to initiation on insulin in the sulphonylurea, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone group was 343, 252 and 339, respectively.	Pioglitazone	90-102	insulin	Homo sapiens	42-49
22820128-0	2012	Pioglitazone prevents hyperglycemia induced decrease of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in coronary arteries and coronary VSMCs.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-63
22820128-0	2012	Pioglitazone prevents hyperglycemia induced decrease of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in coronary arteries and coronary VSMCs.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	68-75
22820128-2	2012	Former studies revealed that the regulation of adiponectin receptors expression differs in the receptor responses to pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	117-129	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	47-58
22820128-4	2012	In the present study we investigated the effect of pioglitazone on the adiponectin receptors both in vitro and in vivo.	Pioglitazone	51-63	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	71-82
22872237-9	2012	The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone partially rescued the adipogenic defect in CGL cells.	Pioglitazone	22-34	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-13
22507688-10	2012	Renal cell apoptosis induced by IRI was abrogated in kidneys of mice pretreated by pioglitazone, with an increase in Bcl-2 expression and a decrease in Bax expression.	Pioglitazone	83-95	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	117-122
22507688-10	2012	Renal cell apoptosis induced by IRI was abrogated in kidneys of mice pretreated by pioglitazone, with an increase in Bcl-2 expression and a decrease in Bax expression.	Pioglitazone	83-95	BCL2-associated X protein	Mus musculus	152-155
22444524-7	2012	Spirulina and pioglitazone were associated with significantly lower leptin and higher levels, respectively, compared to the control group.	Pioglitazone	14-26	leptin	Mus musculus	68-74
22782352-0	2012	Effects of pioglitazone on platelet P2Y12-mediated signalling in clopidogrel-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	11-23	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	36-41
22782352-3	2012	The aim of this pilot pharmacodynamics (PD) study was to assess the impact of pioglitazone on clopidogrel-mediated P2Y12 inhibitory effects in patients with T2DM.	Pioglitazone	78-90	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	115-120
22981416-8	2012	Pioglitazone reduced blood glucose and increased serum adiponectin levels, but had no effect on learning tasks or antioxidant enzymes, except for CuZn-SOD.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	55-66
22970990-2	2012	Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone possess a common functional core, glitazone, which is considered a privileged scaffold upon which to build a drug selective for a given target--in this case, PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	189-198
22790087-6	2012	Treatment of the human lymphocytes with pioglitazone (100muM) significantly increases the frequency of SCEs and CAs (p&lt;0.01).	Pioglitazone	40-52	latexin	Homo sapiens	57-60
22956604-4	2012	To induce fibrotic change, MRPECs were cultured with TGF-beta2 (3 ng/mL), and also cultured in the coexistence of TGF-beta2 and the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone (30 muM).	Pioglitazone	151-163	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Macaca fascicularis	132-142
22956604-9	2012	Conversely, the expression of phalloidin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and fibronectin was reduced in the presence of pioglitazone, whereas it was increased in the absence.	Pioglitazone	116-128	LOC102137095	Macaca fascicularis	73-84
22956604-10	2012	Western blot assay demonstrated that phosphorylation of Smad2/Smad3 proteins was suppressed by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	95-107	mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2	Macaca fascicularis	56-61
22956604-10	2012	Western blot assay demonstrated that phosphorylation of Smad2/Smad3 proteins was suppressed by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	95-107	mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3	Macaca fascicularis	62-67
22956604-11	2012	CONCLUSIONS: The PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone inhibited the fibrotic change of primary MRPECs through the suppression of TGF-beta signaling.	Pioglitazone	36-48	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Macaca fascicularis	17-27
22879581-6	2012	Pioglitazone-incorporated NP induced endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation, as demonstrated by Western blot analysis, as well as expression of multiple angiogenic growth factors in vivo, including vascular endothelial growth factor-A, vascular endothelial growth factor-B, and fibroblast growth factor-1, as demonstrated by real-time polymerase chain reaction.	Pioglitazone	0-12	vascular endothelial growth factor B	Mus musculus	237-273
22879581-6	2012	Pioglitazone-incorporated NP induced endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation, as demonstrated by Western blot analysis, as well as expression of multiple angiogenic growth factors in vivo, including vascular endothelial growth factor-A, vascular endothelial growth factor-B, and fibroblast growth factor-1, as demonstrated by real-time polymerase chain reaction.	Pioglitazone	0-12	fibroblast growth factor 1	Mus musculus	279-305
22801415-0	2012	A study on the short-term effect of cafeteria diet and pioglitazone on insulin resistance and serum levels of adiponectin and ghrelin.	Pioglitazone	55-67	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	110-121
22801415-0	2012	A study on the short-term effect of cafeteria diet and pioglitazone on insulin resistance and serum levels of adiponectin and ghrelin.	Pioglitazone	55-67	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	126-133
22787115-0	2012	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, suppresses CYP19 transcription: evidence for involvement of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase and BRCA1.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	16-25
22787115-0	2012	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, suppresses CYP19 transcription: evidence for involvement of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase and BRCA1.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	46-51
22787115-0	2012	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, suppresses CYP19 transcription: evidence for involvement of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase and BRCA1.	Pioglitazone	0-12	carbonyl reductase 1	Homo sapiens	95-132
22787115-0	2012	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, suppresses CYP19 transcription: evidence for involvement of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase and BRCA1.	Pioglitazone	0-12	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	137-142
22787115-5	2012	Here, we investigated the mechanism by which pioglitazone, a ligand of the nuclear receptor PPARgamma suppressed aromatase expression.	Pioglitazone	45-57	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	92-101
22787115-6	2012	Treatment of human preadipocytes with pioglitazone suppressed Snail, a repressive transcription factor, resulting in elevated levels of 15-PGDH and reduced levels of PGE(2) in the culture medium.	Pioglitazone	38-50	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	62-67
22787115-6	2012	Treatment of human preadipocytes with pioglitazone suppressed Snail, a repressive transcription factor, resulting in elevated levels of 15-PGDH and reduced levels of PGE(2) in the culture medium.	Pioglitazone	38-50	carbonyl reductase 1	Homo sapiens	136-143
22787115-7	2012	Pioglitazone also inhibited cAMP PKA signaling leading to reduced interaction between phosphorylated cAMP responsive element-binding protein, p300, and CYP19 I.3/II promoter.	Pioglitazone	0-12	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	142-146
22787115-7	2012	Pioglitazone also inhibited cAMP PKA signaling leading to reduced interaction between phosphorylated cAMP responsive element-binding protein, p300, and CYP19 I.3/II promoter.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	152-157
22787115-8	2012	BRCA1, a repressor of CYP19 transcription, was induced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	58-70	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	0-5
22787115-8	2012	BRCA1, a repressor of CYP19 transcription, was induced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	58-70	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	22-27
22787115-9	2012	Consistent with these in vitro findings, treatment of mice with pioglitazone activated PPARgamma, induced 15-PGDH and BRCA1 while suppressing aromatase levels in the mammary gland.	Pioglitazone	64-76	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	87-96
22787115-9	2012	Consistent with these in vitro findings, treatment of mice with pioglitazone activated PPARgamma, induced 15-PGDH and BRCA1 while suppressing aromatase levels in the mammary gland.	Pioglitazone	64-76	hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15 (NAD)	Mus musculus	106-113
22787115-9	2012	Consistent with these in vitro findings, treatment of mice with pioglitazone activated PPARgamma, induced 15-PGDH and BRCA1 while suppressing aromatase levels in the mammary gland.	Pioglitazone	64-76	breast cancer 1, early onset	Mus musculus	118-123
23041473-5	2012	They found that pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, inhibited aromatase expression by inhibition of PGE(2) signaling and upregulation of BRCA1.	Pioglitazone	16-28	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	32-41
23041473-5	2012	They found that pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, inhibited aromatase expression by inhibition of PGE(2) signaling and upregulation of BRCA1.	Pioglitazone	16-28	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	136-141
24082557-1	2012	OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of metformin and pioglitazone on insulin resistance, ovulation and hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS.	Pioglitazone	52-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
24082557-8	2012	The rise in serum SHBG levels and decline in free androgen index and L/H ratio are more remarkable with pioglitazone (P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	104-116	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	18-22
22612529-1	2012	Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer that has shown efficacy in Type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in humans.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	36-43
22612529-3	2012	The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone in lean and obese cats, to provide a foundation for assessment of its effects on insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism.	Pioglitazone	69-81	insulin	Felis catus	163-170
22547332-0	2012	NMDA receptor involvement in antidepressant-like effect of pioglitazone in the forced swimming test in mice.	Pioglitazone	59-71	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA1 (zeta 1)	Mus musculus	0-13
22547332-3	2012	OBJECTIVE: In this study, we evaluated the involvement of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) on the antidepressant-like effect of pioglitazone in the forced swimming test (FST) in mice.	Pioglitazone	121-133	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA1 (zeta 1)	Mus musculus	62-75
22547332-3	2012	OBJECTIVE: In this study, we evaluated the involvement of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) on the antidepressant-like effect of pioglitazone in the forced swimming test (FST) in mice.	Pioglitazone	121-133	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA1 (zeta 1)	Mus musculus	77-82
22547332-15	2012	CONCLUSION: The antidepressant-like effect of pioglitazone in the FST is mediated partly through NMDAR signaling.	Pioglitazone	46-58	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA1 (zeta 1)	Mus musculus	97-102
22879581-3	2012	Here, we demonstrate that the nanoparticle (NP)-mediated delivery of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone enhances its therapeutic efficacy on ischemia-induced neovascularization in a murine model.	Pioglitazone	130-142	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	73-121
22879581-4	2012	METHODS AND RESULTS: In a nondiabetic murine model of hindlimb ischemia, a single intramuscular injection of pioglitazone-incorporated NP (1 microg/kg) into ischemic muscles significantly improved the blood flow recovery in the ischemic limbs, significantly increasing the number of CD31-positive capillaries and alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive arterioles.	Pioglitazone	109-121	platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	283-287
22879581-5	2012	The therapeutic effects of pioglitazone-incorporated NP were diminished by the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma antagonist GW9662 and were not observed in endothelial NO synthase-deficient mice.	Pioglitazone	27-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	79-127
22879581-6	2012	Pioglitazone-incorporated NP induced endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation, as demonstrated by Western blot analysis, as well as expression of multiple angiogenic growth factors in vivo, including vascular endothelial growth factor-A, vascular endothelial growth factor-B, and fibroblast growth factor-1, as demonstrated by real-time polymerase chain reaction.	Pioglitazone	0-12	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	199-235
22236282-10	2012	However, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) antagonist T0070907 dose-dependently blocked the neuroprotective, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of Delta9-THC, while the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone resulted in protection from MPP+-induced neurotoxicity.	Pioglitazone	222-234	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	63-72
22076494-1	2012	This study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between ovarian functionality and the oxidative response during cystogenesis induced by hyperandrogenization with letrozole and examine protective effect of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, pioglitazone (PIO), in polycystic ovary (PCO).	Pioglitazone	290-302	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	269-279
22076494-1	2012	This study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between ovarian functionality and the oxidative response during cystogenesis induced by hyperandrogenization with letrozole and examine protective effect of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, pioglitazone (PIO), in polycystic ovary (PCO).	Pioglitazone	304-307	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	269-279
22261714-12	2012	Pioglitazone can ameliorate cardiac remodeling by suppressing the gene expression of TGF-beta1 and regulating the MMP-2/TIMP-2 system.	Pioglitazone	0-12	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-94
22261714-12	2012	Pioglitazone can ameliorate cardiac remodeling by suppressing the gene expression of TGF-beta1 and regulating the MMP-2/TIMP-2 system.	Pioglitazone	0-12	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	114-119
22261714-12	2012	Pioglitazone can ameliorate cardiac remodeling by suppressing the gene expression of TGF-beta1 and regulating the MMP-2/TIMP-2 system.	Pioglitazone	0-12	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2	Rattus norvegicus	120-126
22576972-0	2012	E-cadherin as a predictive marker of brain metastasis in non-small-cell lung cancer, and its regulation by pioglitazone in a preclinical model.	Pioglitazone	107-119	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
22576972-12	2012	Preventive treatment with pioglitazone may be useful for modulating E-cadherin expression.	Pioglitazone	26-38	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	68-78
22819112-0	2012	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma agonist, decreases renal crystal deposition, oxidative stress and inflammation in hyperoxaluric rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	16-64
22819112-2	2012	The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone (AK Scientific, Union, California) is used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus with an adjunctive effect that improves glycemic control and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects.	Pioglitazone	61-73	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	4-52
22819112-11	2012	Expression of osteopontin and ED1 for proinflammatory macrophages was lower in the ethylene glycol plus pioglitazone group than in the ethylene glycol group while that of ED2 for anti-inflammatory macrophages was the same in the 2 groups.	Pioglitazone	104-116	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-25
22819112-12	2012	Linear regression analysis showed a significant change in the correlation coefficient with pioglitazone treatment between Spp1 and Sod1 expression, and the amount of crystals.	Pioglitazone	91-103	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Rattus norvegicus	122-126
22819112-12	2012	Linear regression analysis showed a significant change in the correlation coefficient with pioglitazone treatment between Spp1 and Sod1 expression, and the amount of crystals.	Pioglitazone	91-103	superoxide dismutase 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-135
22576972-9	2012	We found that E-cadherin expression was proportional to pioglitazone exposure time.	Pioglitazone	56-68	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	14-24
22576972-10	2012	Interestingly, pioglitazone pretreatment before cancer cell inoculation prevented loss of E-cadherin expression and reduced expression of MMP9 and fibronectin, compared with the control group.	Pioglitazone	15-27	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	90-100
22576972-10	2012	Interestingly, pioglitazone pretreatment before cancer cell inoculation prevented loss of E-cadherin expression and reduced expression of MMP9 and fibronectin, compared with the control group.	Pioglitazone	15-27	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	138-142
22576972-10	2012	Interestingly, pioglitazone pretreatment before cancer cell inoculation prevented loss of E-cadherin expression and reduced expression of MMP9 and fibronectin, compared with the control group.	Pioglitazone	15-27	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	147-158
22404217-2	2012	PPARgamma is a primary target for thiazolidinedione-structured insulin sensitizers like pioglitazone and rosiglitazone employed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	88-100	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
22543687-10	2012	This effect of Rib-BSA is reversed by pretreatment of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, which belongs to thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-gamma) ligands.	Pioglitazone	54-66	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	181-191
22309242-0	2012	Restoration of adipose function in obese glucose-tolerant men following pioglitazone treatment is associated with CCAAT enhancer-binding protein beta up-regulation.	Pioglitazone	72-84	CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta	Homo sapiens	114-149
22309242-13	2012	Pioglitazone improved adiponectin levels significantly (P=0.0001), and resulted in the further significant enlargement of adipocytes (P=0.05), without effect on the percentage CD14+/CD16+ or ATM number.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	22-33
22309242-14	2012	Pioglitazone treatment also significantly increased subcutaneous AT expression of CEBPbeta mRNA.	Pioglitazone	0-12	CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta	Homo sapiens	82-90
22309242-15	2012	The finding that improvements in obesity-associated insulin resistance following pioglitazone were associated with increased adipocyte cell surface and systemic adiponectin levels, supports the centrality of AT to the cardiometabolic derangement underlying the development of T2D (Type 2 diabetes) and CVD (cardiovascular disease).	Pioglitazone	81-93	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	161-172
22620268-0	2012	PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone reverses memory impairment and biochemical changes in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	18-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-9
22620268-1	2012	AIMS: Pioglitazone, known as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, is used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Pioglitazone	6-18	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	31-79
22620268-1	2012	AIMS: Pioglitazone, known as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, is used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Pioglitazone	6-18	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	81-90
22620268-9	2012	Treatment of PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone (18 or 9 mg/kg body weight), significantly reversed diabetes-induced impairment of learning and memory behavior, which is involved in decreases of Abeta40/Abeta42 via inhibition of NF-kappaB, BACE1 and RAGE in brain as well as attenuation of hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, and hypoinsulinemia.	Pioglitazone	32-44	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	13-22
22620268-9	2012	Treatment of PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone (18 or 9 mg/kg body weight), significantly reversed diabetes-induced impairment of learning and memory behavior, which is involved in decreases of Abeta40/Abeta42 via inhibition of NF-kappaB, BACE1 and RAGE in brain as well as attenuation of hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, and hypoinsulinemia.	Pioglitazone	32-44	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	226-235
22620268-9	2012	Treatment of PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone (18 or 9 mg/kg body weight), significantly reversed diabetes-induced impairment of learning and memory behavior, which is involved in decreases of Abeta40/Abeta42 via inhibition of NF-kappaB, BACE1 and RAGE in brain as well as attenuation of hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, and hypoinsulinemia.	Pioglitazone	32-44	beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1	Mus musculus	237-242
22620268-9	2012	Treatment of PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone (18 or 9 mg/kg body weight), significantly reversed diabetes-induced impairment of learning and memory behavior, which is involved in decreases of Abeta40/Abeta42 via inhibition of NF-kappaB, BACE1 and RAGE in brain as well as attenuation of hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, and hypoinsulinemia.	Pioglitazone	32-44	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Mus musculus	247-251
22620268-10	2012	CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone may be considered as potential pharmacological agents for the management of cognitive dysfunction in T2DM.	Pioglitazone	52-64	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	34-43
22436324-0	2012	Possible involvement of PPAR-gamma receptor and nitric oxide pathway in the anticonvulsant effect of acute pioglitazone on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice.	Pioglitazone	107-119	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	24-34
22436324-14	2012	These results support that the anticonvulsant effect of pioglitazone is mediated through PPAR-gamma receptor-mediated pathway and also, at least partly, through the nitric oxide pathway.	Pioglitazone	56-68	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	89-99
22334369-0	2012	Chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients with insulin resistance treated with pioglitazone and peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin.	Pioglitazone	77-89	insulin	Homo sapiens	45-52
22334369-2	2012	Coadministration of pioglitazone with peginterferon/ribavirin improves insulin sensitivity and increases virologic response rates in insulin-resistant HCV genotype 4 patients, but it is unclear whether this finding applies to genotype 1 patients.	Pioglitazone	20-32	insulin	Homo sapiens	71-78
22334369-2	2012	Coadministration of pioglitazone with peginterferon/ribavirin improves insulin sensitivity and increases virologic response rates in insulin-resistant HCV genotype 4 patients, but it is unclear whether this finding applies to genotype 1 patients.	Pioglitazone	20-32	insulin	Homo sapiens	133-140
22334369-5	2012	Pioglitazone treatment improved hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), plasma glucose, insulin levels, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance score and increased serum adiponectin levels during the 16-week run-in phase and maintained these improvements during the standard-care phase.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	72-79
22334369-5	2012	Pioglitazone treatment improved hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), plasma glucose, insulin levels, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance score and increased serum adiponectin levels during the 16-week run-in phase and maintained these improvements during the standard-care phase.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	124-131
22334369-5	2012	Pioglitazone treatment improved hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), plasma glucose, insulin levels, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance score and increased serum adiponectin levels during the 16-week run-in phase and maintained these improvements during the standard-care phase.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	169-180
22334369-7	2012	CONCLUSION: Treatment with pioglitazone before and during treatment with peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin improved several indices of glycemic control in patients with chronic hepatitis C and insulin resistance, but did not improve virologic response rates compared with peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin alone.	Pioglitazone	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	197-204
23087748-9	2012	The most reduction in average FBS, TG, serum insulin level, and HOMA index was observed in pioglitazone group, the most reduction in average amount of cholesterol was seen in metformin group, and the most decrease in average amount of AST and ALT occurred in silymarin group.	Pioglitazone	91-103	insulin	Homo sapiens	45-52
22350950-2	2012	This study aims to determine whether rosiglitazone and pioglitazone ameliorate renal function through an effect on the expression of chemerin and ChemR23 in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.	Pioglitazone	55-67	retinoic acid receptor responder 2	Rattus norvegicus	133-141
22389055-0	2012	Pioglitazone, PPARgamma agonist, attenuates experimental autoimmune neuritis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	14-23
22389055-1	2012	Recent advances demonstrate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, pioglitazone, as an anti-inflammatory drug.	Pioglitazone	99-111	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	79-88
22389055-4	2012	Pioglitazone ameliorated the clinical score of EAN, decreased expression of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and the activation of NF-kappaB, while increasing the expression of PPARgamma and IL-4.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	76-85
22389055-4	2012	Pioglitazone ameliorated the clinical score of EAN, decreased expression of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and the activation of NF-kappaB, while increasing the expression of PPARgamma and IL-4.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interferon gamma	Rattus norvegicus	87-96
22389055-4	2012	Pioglitazone ameliorated the clinical score of EAN, decreased expression of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and the activation of NF-kappaB, while increasing the expression of PPARgamma and IL-4.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	166-175
22389055-4	2012	Pioglitazone ameliorated the clinical score of EAN, decreased expression of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and the activation of NF-kappaB, while increasing the expression of PPARgamma and IL-4.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 4	Rattus norvegicus	180-184
22677361-0	2012	Pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma activator, attenuates the severity of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis by modulating early growth response-1 transcription factor.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
22651256-6	2012	Pioglitazone increased SUMO-1 expression by 23% (P&lt;0.002) in adipose tissue and an adipocyte cell line (P&lt;0.05), but not in macrophages.	Pioglitazone	0-12	small ubiquitin like modifier 1	Homo sapiens	23-29
22651256-8	2012	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the coordinate regulation of SUMO-1, PPARgamma1/2, HDAC3, and NCoR may be more tightly controlled in macrophages than in adipocytes in human adipose and that these modulators of PPARgamma activity may be particularly important in the negative regulation of macrophage-mediated adipose inflammation by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	341-353	small ubiquitin like modifier 1	Homo sapiens	69-75
22651256-8	2012	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the coordinate regulation of SUMO-1, PPARgamma1/2, HDAC3, and NCoR may be more tightly controlled in macrophages than in adipocytes in human adipose and that these modulators of PPARgamma activity may be particularly important in the negative regulation of macrophage-mediated adipose inflammation by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	341-353	nuclear receptor corepressor 1	Homo sapiens	102-106
22634137-9	2012	Finally, despite estrogen deficiency treatment with pioglitazone (OVX+pioglitazone), a selective PPARgamma-agonist, compensates deterioration of vascular morphology and function.	Pioglitazone	52-64	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	97-106
22634137-9	2012	Finally, despite estrogen deficiency treatment with pioglitazone (OVX+pioglitazone), a selective PPARgamma-agonist, compensates deterioration of vascular morphology and function.	Pioglitazone	70-82	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	97-106
22503969-3	2012	The current study was carried out to investigate the effects of chronic administration of pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist, on cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer"s disease induced by scopolamine.	Pioglitazone	90-102	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	106-116
22677361-7	2012	In vivo, treatment with pioglitazone prior to the intraperitoneal injection of cerulein induction of Egr-1 and its target genes such as, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1).	Pioglitazone	24-36	zinc finger protein 667	Rattus norvegicus	180-213
22677361-7	2012	In vivo, treatment with pioglitazone prior to the intraperitoneal injection of cerulein induction of Egr-1 and its target genes such as, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1).	Pioglitazone	24-36	zinc finger protein 667	Rattus norvegicus	215-220
22677361-6	2012	In vitro, a PPAR-gamma activator (pioglitazone) strikingly diminished Egr-1 mRNA and protein expression corresponding to Egr-1.	Pioglitazone	34-46	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	12-22
22677361-8	2012	The inhibitory effect of pioglitazone on Egr-1 expression induced by cerulein was almost fully restored by GW9662.	Pioglitazone	25-37	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-46
22677361-6	2012	In vitro, a PPAR-gamma activator (pioglitazone) strikingly diminished Egr-1 mRNA and protein expression corresponding to Egr-1.	Pioglitazone	34-46	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-75
22677361-6	2012	In vitro, a PPAR-gamma activator (pioglitazone) strikingly diminished Egr-1 mRNA and protein expression corresponding to Egr-1.	Pioglitazone	34-46	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	121-126
22677361-7	2012	In vivo, treatment with pioglitazone prior to the intraperitoneal injection of cerulein induction of Egr-1 and its target genes such as, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1).	Pioglitazone	24-36	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-106
22677361-7	2012	In vivo, treatment with pioglitazone prior to the intraperitoneal injection of cerulein induction of Egr-1 and its target genes such as, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1).	Pioglitazone	24-36	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	137-167
22677361-7	2012	In vivo, treatment with pioglitazone prior to the intraperitoneal injection of cerulein induction of Egr-1 and its target genes such as, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1).	Pioglitazone	24-36	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	169-174
22261616-4	2012	We observed that agonists for the retinoid X receptor (6-OH-11-O-hydroxyphenanthrene), retinoic acid receptor (all-trans retinoic acid (RA)) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma (pioglitazone (PGZ)), reduce the survival of MS generated from breast cancer tissues and MCF7 cells, but not from normal mammary gland or MCF10 cells.	Pioglitazone	202-214	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	145-200
22836247-3	2012	apoE functions to promote the proteolytic clearance of soluble forms of Abeta, and we found that the synthetic PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, stimulated Abeta degradation by both microglia and astrocytes in an LXR and apoE-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	130-142	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	0-4
22836247-3	2012	apoE functions to promote the proteolytic clearance of soluble forms of Abeta, and we found that the synthetic PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, stimulated Abeta degradation by both microglia and astrocytes in an LXR and apoE-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	130-142	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	111-120
22836247-3	2012	apoE functions to promote the proteolytic clearance of soluble forms of Abeta, and we found that the synthetic PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, stimulated Abeta degradation by both microglia and astrocytes in an LXR and apoE-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	130-142	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3	Mus musculus	212-215
22836247-3	2012	apoE functions to promote the proteolytic clearance of soluble forms of Abeta, and we found that the synthetic PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, stimulated Abeta degradation by both microglia and astrocytes in an LXR and apoE-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	130-142	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	220-224
22593575-11	2012	In vivo, administration of pioglitazone or U0126 alone increased PCSK9 expression in mouse liver but had little effect on PCSK9 secretion.	Pioglitazone	27-39	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9	Mus musculus	65-70
22593575-12	2012	However, the co-treatment of pioglitazone and U0126 enhanced both PCSK9 expression and secretion.	Pioglitazone	29-41	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9	Homo sapiens	66-71
22593575-13	2012	Similar to in vitro, the increased PCSK9 expression by pioglitazone and/or U0126 did not result in decreased LDLR expression and function.	Pioglitazone	55-67	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9	Homo sapiens	35-40
22593575-14	2012	In contrast, pioglitazone and/or U0126 increased LDLR protein expression and membrane translocation, SREBP2 processing, and CYP7A1 expression in the liver, which led to decreased total and LDL cholesterol levels in serum.	Pioglitazone	13-25	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	49-53
22593575-14	2012	In contrast, pioglitazone and/or U0126 increased LDLR protein expression and membrane translocation, SREBP2 processing, and CYP7A1 expression in the liver, which led to decreased total and LDL cholesterol levels in serum.	Pioglitazone	13-25	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	101-107
22593575-14	2012	In contrast, pioglitazone and/or U0126 increased LDLR protein expression and membrane translocation, SREBP2 processing, and CYP7A1 expression in the liver, which led to decreased total and LDL cholesterol levels in serum.	Pioglitazone	13-25	cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	124-130
22687642-9	2012	CONCLUSION: In T2DM, low dose pioglitazone (15 mg/day) increases 15-epi-LXA(4) and adiponectin levels in the absence of significant changes in body weight.	Pioglitazone	30-42	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	83-94
22687642-10	2012	Dose escalation of pioglitazone to 30 mg/day is associated with a similar increase in 15-epi-LXA(4) despite a greater increase in plasma adiponectin concentrations.	Pioglitazone	19-31	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	137-148
22067722-4	2012	Significant improvement in FPG and HbA1-c were shown by both rosiglitazone (p&lt;0.003 and p&lt;0.001, respectively) and pioglitazone (p&lt;0.005 and p&lt;0.001, respectively), compared with baseline, and pioglitazone showed greater beneficial effects on other parameters monitored, significantly reducing total cholesterol (TC) (p&lt;=0.05).	Pioglitazone	121-133	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	35-39
22463586-1	2012	Pioglitazone (PGZ), a synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligand, is known to have anti-tumor activity by inducing tumor cell apoptosis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	32-80
22463586-1	2012	Pioglitazone (PGZ), a synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligand, is known to have anti-tumor activity by inducing tumor cell apoptosis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	82-91
22463586-1	2012	Pioglitazone (PGZ), a synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligand, is known to have anti-tumor activity by inducing tumor cell apoptosis.	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	32-80
22463586-1	2012	Pioglitazone (PGZ), a synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligand, is known to have anti-tumor activity by inducing tumor cell apoptosis.	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	82-91
22463586-7	2012	The application of PGZ before alveolar hyperplasia formation (Group NPa) and at the early phase of alveolar hyperplasia formation (Group NPb) significantly prevented the lung tumor development especially in Group NPb mice (all p &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	19-22	neuropeptide B	Mus musculus	137-140
22067722-4	2012	Significant improvement in FPG and HbA1-c were shown by both rosiglitazone (p&lt;0.003 and p&lt;0.001, respectively) and pioglitazone (p&lt;0.005 and p&lt;0.001, respectively), compared with baseline, and pioglitazone showed greater beneficial effects on other parameters monitored, significantly reducing total cholesterol (TC) (p&lt;=0.05).	Pioglitazone	205-217	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	35-39
22463586-7	2012	The application of PGZ before alveolar hyperplasia formation (Group NPa) and at the early phase of alveolar hyperplasia formation (Group NPb) significantly prevented the lung tumor development especially in Group NPb mice (all p &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	19-22	neuropeptide B	Mus musculus	213-216
22463586-8	2012	PGZ not only prevented the NNK-mediated reduction of endogenous ligands 15(S)-HETE and 13(S)-HODE, but also increased 13(S)-HODE level in Group NPb mice.	Pioglitazone	0-3	neuropeptide B	Mus musculus	144-147
22463586-9	2012	PPARgamma transcriptional activity was increased in NNKstimulated lung tissues when PGZ was given.	Pioglitazone	84-87	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-9
22441004-1	2012	OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of pioglitazone hydrochloride on urinary sediment podocalyxin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) excretion in patients with type 2 diabetes and to explore its possible renoprotective mechanisms.	Pioglitazone	37-63	podocalyxin like	Homo sapiens	84-95
22463586-10	2012	The in vivo results were confirmed in the human lung cancer cells, which showed that PGZ induced lung cancer cell apoptosis through up-regulating nuclear PPARgamma expression, inducing PPARgamma transcriptional activity and increasing the levels of PPARgamma ligands in NNK-treated cells.	Pioglitazone	85-88	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	154-163
22463586-10	2012	The in vivo results were confirmed in the human lung cancer cells, which showed that PGZ induced lung cancer cell apoptosis through up-regulating nuclear PPARgamma expression, inducing PPARgamma transcriptional activity and increasing the levels of PPARgamma ligands in NNK-treated cells.	Pioglitazone	85-88	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	185-194
22463586-10	2012	The in vivo results were confirmed in the human lung cancer cells, which showed that PGZ induced lung cancer cell apoptosis through up-regulating nuclear PPARgamma expression, inducing PPARgamma transcriptional activity and increasing the levels of PPARgamma ligands in NNK-treated cells.	Pioglitazone	85-88	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	185-194
22463586-11	2012	The early application of PGZ is able to prevent NNK-induced lung tumor development through maintaining the level of endogenous PPARgamma ligands 15(S)-HETE and 13(S)-HODE and activation of PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	25-28	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	127-136
22463586-11	2012	The early application of PGZ is able to prevent NNK-induced lung tumor development through maintaining the level of endogenous PPARgamma ligands 15(S)-HETE and 13(S)-HODE and activation of PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	25-28	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	189-198
22441004-1	2012	OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of pioglitazone hydrochloride on urinary sediment podocalyxin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) excretion in patients with type 2 diabetes and to explore its possible renoprotective mechanisms.	Pioglitazone	37-63	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	100-134
22437669-4	2012	To establish the functional role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes modulated by pioglitazone alone or in combination with fenofibrate, we examined genome-wide association data of continuous glycemic phenotypes from the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-Related Traits Consortium study and adipose eQTL data from the Multi Tissue Human Expression Resource study.	Pioglitazone	97-109	insulin	Homo sapiens	265-272
22484334-4	2012	In adipocyte differentiation assay, NS-1 induced adipocyte differentiation, which was ~25-fold weaker inducer of GPDH activities than pioglitazone and also showed weak adipogenic activity in C3H10T1/2 pluripotent stem cells using Oil Red O staining.	Pioglitazone	134-146	influenza virus NS1A binding protein	Homo sapiens	36-40
22722857-7	2012	Unexpectedly, PPAR-gamma expression by VAT Treg cells was necessary for complete restoration of insulin sensitivity in obese mice by the thiazolidinedione drug pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	160-172	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	14-24
22496518-1	2012	Selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) modulators (SPPARgammaMs) have been actively pursued as the next generation of insulin-sensitizing antidiabetic drugs, because the currently marketed PPARgamma full agonists, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, have been reported to produce serious adverse effects among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	246-258	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	10-58
22496518-1	2012	Selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) modulators (SPPARgammaMs) have been actively pursued as the next generation of insulin-sensitizing antidiabetic drugs, because the currently marketed PPARgamma full agonists, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, have been reported to produce serious adverse effects among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	246-258	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	60-69
22122457-5	2012	Pioglitazone is the only available PPAR-gamma agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes after rosiglitazone withdrawal from several countries.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	35-45
22220498-0	2012	Pioglitazone treatment increases COX-2-derived prostacyclin production and reduces oxidative stress in hypertensive rats: role in vascular function.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	33-38
22220498-5	2012	KEY RESULTS: In SHR, pioglitazone did not modify either BP or vascular structural and mechanical alterations or phenylephrine-induced contraction, but it increased vascular COX-2 levels, prostacyclin (PGI2) production and the inhibitory effects of NS 398, SQ 29,548 and tranylcypromine on phenylephrine responses.	Pioglitazone	21-33	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	173-178
22220498-7	2012	In addition, pioglitazone abolished the increased vascular ROS production, NOX-1 levels and the inhibitory effect of apocynin and allopurinol on phenylephrine contraction, whereas it did not modify eNOS expression but restored the potentiating effect of N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester on phenylephrine responses.	Pioglitazone	13-25	NADPH oxidase 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
22220498-8	2012	CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Although pioglitazone did not reduce BP in SHR, it increased COX-2-derived PGI2 production, reduced oxidative stress, and increased NO bioavailability, which are all involved in vasoconstrictor responses in resistance arteries.	Pioglitazone	39-51	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	91-96
22408124-0	2012	Pioglitazone increases bone marrow fat in type 2 diabetes: results from a randomized controlled trial.	Pioglitazone	0-12	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	35-38
22408124-1	2012	OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of pioglitazone on bone marrow fat in humans.	Pioglitazone	38-50	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	66-69
22408124-7	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Short-term treatment with pioglitazone increases bone marrow fat in patients with T2DM.	Pioglitazone	39-51	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	74-77
22592687-0	2012	Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome, oligo amenorrhoea and subfertility.	Pioglitazone	53-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
22361751-6	2012	Pioglitazone increased plasma adiponectin (from 6.9 +- 3.3 mug/dL to 12.2 +- 7.1 mug/dL) and reduced HOMA-IR (from 4.0 +- 2.2 to 2.1 +- 0.9).	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	30-41
22361751-9	2012	Thus, pioglitazone decreased the sympathetic nerve traffic through the improvement of insulin resistance in DM patients with recent MI, which indicate that the sympathoinhibitory effects of pioglitazone may, at least in part, have contributed to the beneficial effects of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	6-18	insulin	Homo sapiens	86-93
22673833-10	2012	Emodin and pioglitazone enhanced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and its primary downstream targeting enzyme, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, upregulated gene expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1, and downregulated sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 and fatty acid synthase protein levels in the epididymal white adipose tissue of high-fat diet-fed rats.	Pioglitazone	11-23	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	238-281
22673833-10	2012	Emodin and pioglitazone enhanced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and its primary downstream targeting enzyme, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, upregulated gene expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1, and downregulated sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 and fatty acid synthase protein levels in the epididymal white adipose tissue of high-fat diet-fed rats.	Pioglitazone	11-23	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	286-305
22225857-10	2012	PRP was incubated with thrombin to activate platelets, and the serum was separated and assayed for thromboxane B2, TGFbeta and CD40L RESULTS: Pioglitazone alone did not affect aggregation with arachidonic acid.	Pioglitazone	142-154	prion protein	Homo sapiens	0-3
22642771-10	2012	The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone reduced IL-1beta-induced inflammatory reaction, whereas telmisartan did not activate PPARgamma, as shown by its failure to enhance the expression of the PPARgamma target genes ABCG1 and CD36, and the inability of the PPARgamma antagonists GW9662 and T0070907 to modify the effect of telmisartan on COX-2 induction.	Pioglitazone	22-34	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	43-51
22440233-1	2012	INTRODUCTION: Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, is widely used in clinical medicine as a treatment for type 2 diabetes and is recently proved to have beneficial effects on improving cognition in early stages of Alzheimer"s disease (AD).	Pioglitazone	14-26	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	30-78
22440233-1	2012	INTRODUCTION: Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, is widely used in clinical medicine as a treatment for type 2 diabetes and is recently proved to have beneficial effects on improving cognition in early stages of Alzheimer"s disease (AD).	Pioglitazone	14-26	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	80-89
22031275-10	2012	Myocardial expression of angiotensin II and AT1 receptor protein in HF group was higher when compared with the control and pioglitazone groups (P &lt; .01).	Pioglitazone	123-135	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	25-39
22031275-10	2012	Myocardial expression of angiotensin II and AT1 receptor protein in HF group was higher when compared with the control and pioglitazone groups (P &lt; .01).	Pioglitazone	123-135	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
22031275-11	2012	Myocardial renin and angiotensin II messenger RNA (mRNA) in HF group was also higher when compared with the control and pioglitazone groups, whereas the expression of AT2 mRNA was lower (P &lt; .01).	Pioglitazone	120-132	renin	Rattus norvegicus	11-35
22387860-3	2012	Here we have examined the effect of pioglitazone, an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), on renal lipid accumulation and renal injury induced by angiotensin II infusion.	Pioglitazone	36-48	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	68-116
22498097-10	2012	6-OHDA lesioning was associated with an increase in microglia activation and in numbers of MMP-3 immunoreactive cells which was attenuated by pioglitazone and GW855266X.	Pioglitazone	142-154	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	91-96
22387860-3	2012	Here we have examined the effect of pioglitazone, an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), on renal lipid accumulation and renal injury induced by angiotensin II infusion.	Pioglitazone	36-48	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	118-128
22387860-3	2012	Here we have examined the effect of pioglitazone, an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), on renal lipid accumulation and renal injury induced by angiotensin II infusion.	Pioglitazone	36-48	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	187-201
22387860-4	2012	Pioglitazone treatment (2.5mg/kg/day) reduced the amount of triglycerides in the kidney of the angiotensin II-induced hypertensive rat without significantly altering either blood pressure levels or mRNA expression of lipogenic genes in the kidney.	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	95-109
22387860-5	2012	In addition, pioglitazone, either alone or in conjunction with angiotensin II, increased the expression of phosphorylated, but not total, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	Pioglitazone	13-25	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	63-77
22387860-6	2012	Proteinuria and kidney weight in the angiotensin II-infused rat were significantly decreased by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	96-108	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	37-51
22387860-8	2012	These findings suggested that pioglitazone suppressed the angiotensin II-induced increase in renal lipid content by inhibiting its proteinuric action, but not by direct alteration of the expression or activity of lipid metabolism-related genes.	Pioglitazone	30-42	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	58-72
22462531-1	2012	OBJECTIVE: Evidence indicates that metformin and pioglitazone both improve insulin resistance and hirsutism among patient with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).	Pioglitazone	49-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	75-82
22462531-6	2012	Pioglitazone was found to be significantly more effective than metformin at reducing fasting insulin level (P = 0.002, standardized mean differences [SMD] = -0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-0.61, -0.13]).	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	93-100
22462531-10	2012	CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that pioglitazone was more suitable for treating hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance among PCOS patients, while metformin was more effective in reducing body weight.	Pioglitazone	67-79	insulin	Homo sapiens	116-123
22059736-9	2012	A greater reduction in the fasting proinsulin/insulin ratio and a greater increase in homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA-beta) were observed with sitagliptin/metformin than with pioglitazone, while greater decreases in fasting insulin and HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and a greater increase in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were observed with pioglitazone than with sitagliptin/metformin.	Pioglitazone	200-212	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-45
22187345-0	2012	Polymorphism of adiponectin (45T/G) and adiponectin receptor-2 (795G/A) in an Iranian population: relation with insulin resistance and response to treatment with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	162-174	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	16-27
22059736-9	2012	A greater reduction in the fasting proinsulin/insulin ratio and a greater increase in homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA-beta) were observed with sitagliptin/metformin than with pioglitazone, while greater decreases in fasting insulin and HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and a greater increase in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were observed with pioglitazone than with sitagliptin/metformin.	Pioglitazone	200-212	insulin	Homo sapiens	38-45
22059736-9	2012	A greater reduction in the fasting proinsulin/insulin ratio and a greater increase in homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA-beta) were observed with sitagliptin/metformin than with pioglitazone, while greater decreases in fasting insulin and HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and a greater increase in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were observed with pioglitazone than with sitagliptin/metformin.	Pioglitazone	200-212	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
22059736-9	2012	A greater reduction in the fasting proinsulin/insulin ratio and a greater increase in homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA-beta) were observed with sitagliptin/metformin than with pioglitazone, while greater decreases in fasting insulin and HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and a greater increase in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were observed with pioglitazone than with sitagliptin/metformin.	Pioglitazone	200-212	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
22059736-9	2012	A greater reduction in the fasting proinsulin/insulin ratio and a greater increase in homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA-beta) were observed with sitagliptin/metformin than with pioglitazone, while greater decreases in fasting insulin and HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and a greater increase in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were observed with pioglitazone than with sitagliptin/metformin.	Pioglitazone	200-212	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
22068250-6	2012	In the pioglitazone + metformin group (24 hours off medication), fasting plasma glucose fell from 109 to 102 mg/dL; plasma glucose area under the curve decreased by 12.0%; insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function improved by 42% and 50%, respectively (all P&lt;.001); 14.3% converted to normal glucose tolerance; and no patient developed diabetes.	Pioglitazone	7-19	insulin	Homo sapiens	172-179
22068250-7	2012	In the pioglitazone + metformin + exenatide group (24 hours off medication), fasting plasma glucose fell from 109 to 98 mg/dL; plasma glucose area under the curve decreased by 21.2%; insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function improved by 52% and 109%, respectively (all P&lt;.001); 59.1% of patients with IGT reverted to normal glucose tolerance; and no patient developed diabetes.	Pioglitazone	7-19	insulin	Homo sapiens	183-190
22187345-0	2012	Polymorphism of adiponectin (45T/G) and adiponectin receptor-2 (795G/A) in an Iranian population: relation with insulin resistance and response to treatment with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	162-174	adiponectin receptor 2	Homo sapiens	34-62
22391246-0	2012	Differential susceptibility to the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and 6-hydroxydopamine rodent models of Parkinson"s disease.	Pioglitazone	54-66	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
22391246-2	2012	The present study sought to evaluate the effect of the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone in two different animal models of PD.	Pioglitazone	74-86	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
22391246-6	2012	The PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone had a significant neuroprotective effect in MPTP mice but not in bilateral 6-OHDA rats.	Pioglitazone	23-35	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	4-14
22480361-0	2012	The PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone protects cortical neurons from inflammatory mediators via improvement in peroxisomal function.	Pioglitazone	23-35	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-14
22480361-7	2012	In addition, the protection of neurons and axons against hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity afforded by pioglitazone appeared to be dependent on catalase.	Pioglitazone	104-116	catalase	Homo sapiens	145-153
22480361-8	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these observations provide evidence that modulation of PPAR-gamma activity and peroxisomal function by pioglitazone attenuates both NO and hydrogen peroxide-mediated neuronal and axonal damage suggesting a new therapeutic approach to protect against neurodegenerative changes associated with neuroinflammation.	Pioglitazone	130-142	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	82-92
22428554-0	2012	Effects of pioglitazone and/or simvastatin on circulating TNFalpha and adiponectin levels in insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	11-23	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	58-66
22428554-0	2012	Effects of pioglitazone and/or simvastatin on circulating TNFalpha and adiponectin levels in insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	11-23	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	71-82
22428554-1	2012	The current study investigated the effects of 14-day pioglitazone (PIO) and/or simvastatin (SIM) treatments on serum adiponectin (Adp) and TNFalpha levels (markers of adipocyte dysfunction), as well as on metabolic perturbations that arise from prolonged (8 week) consumption of a high fructose (HFD; 60%) diet in a rat model of pre-diabetic insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	53-65	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	117-128
22428554-1	2012	The current study investigated the effects of 14-day pioglitazone (PIO) and/or simvastatin (SIM) treatments on serum adiponectin (Adp) and TNFalpha levels (markers of adipocyte dysfunction), as well as on metabolic perturbations that arise from prolonged (8 week) consumption of a high fructose (HFD; 60%) diet in a rat model of pre-diabetic insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	67-70	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	117-128
21956786-1	2012	The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, pioglitazone (PIO), exerts anti-diabetic properties associated with increased fat mass, whereas the retinoid X receptor (RXR) antagonist HX531 demonstrates anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects with reduced body weight and fat pad mass.	Pioglitazone	74-86	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-52
21956786-1	2012	The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, pioglitazone (PIO), exerts anti-diabetic properties associated with increased fat mass, whereas the retinoid X receptor (RXR) antagonist HX531 demonstrates anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects with reduced body weight and fat pad mass.	Pioglitazone	74-86	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	54-63
22420664-0	2012	PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone improves scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice.	Pioglitazone	18-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-9
22420664-7	2012	Pioglitazone also protected against scopolamine-induced cholinergic system deficit, including reduced acetylcholine levels, decreased choline acetyltransferase activity and increased acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus or cortex.	Pioglitazone	0-12	choline acetyltransferase	Mus musculus	134-159
22420664-7	2012	Pioglitazone also protected against scopolamine-induced cholinergic system deficit, including reduced acetylcholine levels, decreased choline acetyltransferase activity and increased acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus or cortex.	Pioglitazone	0-12	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	183-203
22436702-11	2012	In addition, insulin, metformin, BLX-1002, pioglitazone, and candesartan significantly decreased the caspase-3 activity and the subsequent DNA fragmentation evoked by palmitate, suggesting a protective effect of the drugs against lipoapoptosis.	Pioglitazone	43-55	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	101-110
22044303-1	2012	The thiazolidinediones (TZDs) rosiglitazone and pioglitazone improve glucose homeostasis through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma.	Pioglitazone	48-60	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	111-166
22154375-0	2012	Three-month treatment with pioglitazone reduces circulating levels of S100A8/A9 (MRP8/14) complex, a biomarker of inflammation, without changes in body mass index, in type 2 diabetics with abdominal obesity.	Pioglitazone	27-39	S100 calcium binding protein A8	Homo sapiens	70-79
22169011-7	2012	Pioglitazone also decreases ENaCalpha and ENaCgamma mRNA expression in a cortical collecting duct cell line.	Pioglitazone	0-12	sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	28-37
22169011-7	2012	Pioglitazone also decreases ENaCalpha and ENaCgamma mRNA expression in a cortical collecting duct cell line.	Pioglitazone	0-12	sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	42-51
22169011-9	2012	Pioglitazone represses ENaCgamma promoter activity, and this repression is partially relieved by inhibition of protein synthesis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	23-32
21950726-8	2012	Compared with the control group, serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and plasma endothelin-1 levels were significantly lower and adiponectin level significantly higher in patients in the pioglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	193-205	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	56-74
21950726-8	2012	Compared with the control group, serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and plasma endothelin-1 levels were significantly lower and adiponectin level significantly higher in patients in the pioglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	193-205	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	86-98
21950726-8	2012	Compared with the control group, serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and plasma endothelin-1 levels were significantly lower and adiponectin level significantly higher in patients in the pioglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	193-205	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	135-146
22154375-0	2012	Three-month treatment with pioglitazone reduces circulating levels of S100A8/A9 (MRP8/14) complex, a biomarker of inflammation, without changes in body mass index, in type 2 diabetics with abdominal obesity.	Pioglitazone	27-39	S100 calcium binding protein A8	Homo sapiens	81-89
22154375-2	2012	The results showed that pioglitazone reduced circulating S100A8/A9 complex levels, without changing body mass index, in type 2 diabetic patients with abdominal obesity.	Pioglitazone	24-36	S100 calcium binding protein A8	Homo sapiens	57-63
22094332-6	2012	With addition of pioglitazone, the phosphorylation of Akt by insulin remained unchanged, whereas insulin-stimulated Erk phosphorylation was reduced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	17-29	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	54-57
22020928-2	2012	Here, we demonstrated that ligands for             peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) such as pioglitazone (Pio)             and rosiglitazone potentiated the cytotoxic action of Gem on human pancreatic             cancer cells in a dosage-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	120-132	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	51-99
22020928-2	2012	Here, we demonstrated that ligands for             peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) such as pioglitazone (Pio)             and rosiglitazone potentiated the cytotoxic action of Gem on human pancreatic             cancer cells in a dosage-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	120-132	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	101-110
22020928-2	2012	Here, we demonstrated that ligands for             peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) such as pioglitazone (Pio)             and rosiglitazone potentiated the cytotoxic action of Gem on human pancreatic             cancer cells in a dosage-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	134-137	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	51-99
22020928-2	2012	Here, we demonstrated that ligands for             peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) such as pioglitazone (Pio)             and rosiglitazone potentiated the cytotoxic action of Gem on human pancreatic             cancer cells in a dosage-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	134-137	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	101-110
22094332-7	2012	These data in VSMCs indicate that high palmitate decreases insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and stimulates MAPK, whereas preexposure peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone preserves Akt phosphorylation and simultaneously attenuates MAPK signaling.	Pioglitazone	196-208	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	219-222
22120832-8	2012	On the other hand, both glitazones changed the distribution of adiponectin isoforms in plasma, leading to an increase in the S(A) of 21% by pioglitazone and 31% by rosiglitazone.	Pioglitazone	140-152	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	63-74
22120832-9	2012	Muscle adipoR1 expression was increased by both glitazones whereas liver adipoR2 expression was increased by rosiglitazone and tended to increase in the pioglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	153-165	adiponectin receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	73-80
22036866-4	2012	Insulin sensitizers (such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) inhibit inflammation while improving insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	47-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
22036866-4	2012	Insulin sensitizers (such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) inhibit inflammation while improving insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	47-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-105
22094332-6	2012	With addition of pioglitazone, the phosphorylation of Akt by insulin remained unchanged, whereas insulin-stimulated Erk phosphorylation was reduced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	17-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
22094332-6	2012	With addition of pioglitazone, the phosphorylation of Akt by insulin remained unchanged, whereas insulin-stimulated Erk phosphorylation was reduced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	151-163	insulin	Homo sapiens	97-104
22094332-6	2012	With addition of pioglitazone, the phosphorylation of Akt by insulin remained unchanged, whereas insulin-stimulated Erk phosphorylation was reduced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	151-163	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	116-119
22094332-7	2012	These data in VSMCs indicate that high palmitate decreases insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and stimulates MAPK, whereas preexposure peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone preserves Akt phosphorylation and simultaneously attenuates MAPK signaling.	Pioglitazone	196-208	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	139-187
22083161-4	2012	Two weeks after coronary artery ligation, HF rats received an intracerebroventricular infusion of the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone or vehicle for another 2 weeks.	Pioglitazone	121-133	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
21782251-0	2012	Use of insulin sensitizers for the treatment of major depressive disorder: a pilot study of pioglitazone for major depression accompanied by abdominal obesity.	Pioglitazone	92-104	insulin	Homo sapiens	7-14
21782251-1	2012	OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to examine the safety and efficacy of pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer, in adult outpatients with major depressive disorder.	Pioglitazone	74-86	insulin	Homo sapiens	108-115
21782251-14	2012	CONCLUSION: Although preliminary, pioglitazone appears to reduce depression severity and improve several markers of cardiometabolic risk, including insulin resistance and inflammation.	Pioglitazone	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	148-155
21954843-0	2012	PPAR-gamma activator pioglitazone prevents age-related atrial fibrillation susceptibility by improving antioxidant capacity and reducing apoptosis in a rat model.	Pioglitazone	21-33	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
21954843-9	2012	Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased phosphorylated (p-) Akt but significantly reduced p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK.	Pioglitazone	0-12	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	99-105
22062085-1	2012	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists, such as pioglitazone (Pio), improve glycemia and lipid profile but are associated with bone loss and fracture risk.	Pioglitazone	74-86	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-42
22062085-1	2012	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists, such as pioglitazone (Pio), improve glycemia and lipid profile but are associated with bone loss and fracture risk.	Pioglitazone	74-86	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	44-48
22062085-1	2012	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists, such as pioglitazone (Pio), improve glycemia and lipid profile but are associated with bone loss and fracture risk.	Pioglitazone	88-91	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-42
22062085-1	2012	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists, such as pioglitazone (Pio), improve glycemia and lipid profile but are associated with bone loss and fracture risk.	Pioglitazone	88-91	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	44-48
22179086-3	2012	This study analyzes the effect of pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, on interleukin-1beta-induced COX-2 expression and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on this effect.	Pioglitazone	34-46	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	50-59
22179086-3	2012	This study analyzes the effect of pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, on interleukin-1beta-induced COX-2 expression and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on this effect.	Pioglitazone	34-46	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	72-89
22179086-3	2012	This study analyzes the effect of pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, on interleukin-1beta-induced COX-2 expression and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on this effect.	Pioglitazone	34-46	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	98-103
22179086-8	2012	Pioglitazone (10 mumol/l) reduced the effects of interleukin-1beta on: 1) COX-2 protein and mRNA levels; 2) NOX-1 protein and mRNA levels, NADPH oxidase activity and ROS production; and 3) p-IKK, p65 expressions and cell proliferation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	49-66
22179086-8	2012	Pioglitazone (10 mumol/l) reduced the effects of interleukin-1beta on: 1) COX-2 protein and mRNA levels; 2) NOX-1 protein and mRNA levels, NADPH oxidase activity and ROS production; and 3) p-IKK, p65 expressions and cell proliferation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	74-79
22179086-8	2012	Pioglitazone (10 mumol/l) reduced the effects of interleukin-1beta on: 1) COX-2 protein and mRNA levels; 2) NOX-1 protein and mRNA levels, NADPH oxidase activity and ROS production; and 3) p-IKK, p65 expressions and cell proliferation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	NADPH oxidase 1	Rattus norvegicus	108-113
22179086-8	2012	Pioglitazone (10 mumol/l) reduced the effects of interleukin-1beta on: 1) COX-2 protein and mRNA levels; 2) NOX-1 protein and mRNA levels, NADPH oxidase activity and ROS production; and 3) p-IKK, p65 expressions and cell proliferation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	196-199
22179086-9	2012	Pioglitazone also reduced the H2O2-induced COX-2 expression and increased Cu/Zn and Mn-superoxide dismutase protein expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
22179086-11	2012	In addition, pioglitazone increased the interleukin-1beta-induced PPARgamma mRNA levels.	Pioglitazone	13-25	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	40-57
22179086-11	2012	In addition, pioglitazone increased the interleukin-1beta-induced PPARgamma mRNA levels.	Pioglitazone	13-25	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	66-75
22179086-12	2012	CONCLUSION: PPARgamma activation with pioglitazone reduces interleukin-1beta-induced COX-2 expression by interference with the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-kappaB.	Pioglitazone	38-50	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	12-21
22179086-12	2012	CONCLUSION: PPARgamma activation with pioglitazone reduces interleukin-1beta-induced COX-2 expression by interference with the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-kappaB.	Pioglitazone	38-50	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	59-76
22179086-12	2012	CONCLUSION: PPARgamma activation with pioglitazone reduces interleukin-1beta-induced COX-2 expression by interference with the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-kappaB.	Pioglitazone	38-50	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	85-90
22083161-8	2012	All of these findings were ameliorated in HF rats treated with intracerebroventricular pioglitazone, which increased PPAR-gamma expression and DNA binding activity in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus.	Pioglitazone	87-99	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	117-127
22240811-3	2012	Treatment of 832/13 rat INS-1-derived cells with 25 mm glucose and the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta led to a similar loss of SERCA2b expression, which was prevented by treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist, pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	257-269	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	96-104
22076002-1	2012	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of the phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (p-STAT3) after cerebral ischemia by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (PGZ) remains controversial.	Pioglitazone	216-228	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	55-105
22076002-1	2012	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of the phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (p-STAT3) after cerebral ischemia by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (PGZ) remains controversial.	Pioglitazone	216-228	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	109-114
22076002-1	2012	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of the phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (p-STAT3) after cerebral ischemia by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (PGZ) remains controversial.	Pioglitazone	216-228	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	147-195
22076002-1	2012	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of the phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (p-STAT3) after cerebral ischemia by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (PGZ) remains controversial.	Pioglitazone	216-228	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	197-206
22076002-1	2012	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of the phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (p-STAT3) after cerebral ischemia by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (PGZ) remains controversial.	Pioglitazone	230-233	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	55-105
22076002-1	2012	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of the phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (p-STAT3) after cerebral ischemia by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (PGZ) remains controversial.	Pioglitazone	230-233	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	109-114
22076002-1	2012	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of the phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (p-STAT3) after cerebral ischemia by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (PGZ) remains controversial.	Pioglitazone	230-233	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	147-195
22076002-1	2012	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of the phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (p-STAT3) after cerebral ischemia by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (PGZ) remains controversial.	Pioglitazone	230-233	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	197-206
22076002-6	2012	Inversely with the reduction of the infarct size, PPARgamma, and p-STAT3 but not estrogen receptor alpha in the peri-infarct area were increased in PGZ-treated compared with vehicle-control rats.	Pioglitazone	148-151	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	50-59
22076002-6	2012	Inversely with the reduction of the infarct size, PPARgamma, and p-STAT3 but not estrogen receptor alpha in the peri-infarct area were increased in PGZ-treated compared with vehicle-control rats.	Pioglitazone	148-151	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	67-72
22076002-8	2012	Inhibitors of PPARgamma or STAT3 abolished the PGZ-induced neuroprotection and the increase in p-STAT3.	Pioglitazone	47-50	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	14-23
22076002-8	2012	Inhibitors of PPARgamma or STAT3 abolished the PGZ-induced neuroprotection and the increase in p-STAT3.	Pioglitazone	47-50	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	27-32
22076002-10	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the activation in the peri-infarct region of p-STAT3 and PPARgamma by PGZ is essential for neuroprotection after ischemia and that PGZ may be of benefit even in postmenopausal stroke patients.	Pioglitazone	109-112	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	86-91
22076002-10	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the activation in the peri-infarct region of p-STAT3 and PPARgamma by PGZ is essential for neuroprotection after ischemia and that PGZ may be of benefit even in postmenopausal stroke patients.	Pioglitazone	109-112	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	96-105
22076002-10	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the activation in the peri-infarct region of p-STAT3 and PPARgamma by PGZ is essential for neuroprotection after ischemia and that PGZ may be of benefit even in postmenopausal stroke patients.	Pioglitazone	170-173	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	86-91
22166376-8	2012	Intriguingly, Rg1, like pioglitazone (a PPARgamma agonist), suppressed BACE1 activity in N2a-APP695 cells, while its effect on BACE1 activity was attenuated by GW9662 (a PPARgamma antagonist).	Pioglitazone	24-36	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A	Homo sapiens	14-17
22166376-8	2012	Intriguingly, Rg1, like pioglitazone (a PPARgamma agonist), suppressed BACE1 activity in N2a-APP695 cells, while its effect on BACE1 activity was attenuated by GW9662 (a PPARgamma antagonist).	Pioglitazone	24-36	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	40-49
22240811-3	2012	Treatment of 832/13 rat INS-1-derived cells with 25 mm glucose and the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta led to a similar loss of SERCA2b expression, which was prevented by treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist, pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	257-269	ATPase, Ca++ transporting, cardiac muscle, slow twitch 2	Mus musculus	130-137
22240811-3	2012	Treatment of 832/13 rat INS-1-derived cells with 25 mm glucose and the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta led to a similar loss of SERCA2b expression, which was prevented by treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist, pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	257-269	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	192-247
22240811-8	2012	Within 2 h of exposure, activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) was observed and correlated with increased serine-273 phosphorylation of PPAR-gamma and loss of SERCA2 protein expression, findings that were prevented by pioglitazone and roscovitine, a pharmacological inhibitor of CDK5.	Pioglitazone	226-238	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Rattus norvegicus	38-63
22240811-8	2012	Within 2 h of exposure, activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) was observed and correlated with increased serine-273 phosphorylation of PPAR-gamma and loss of SERCA2 protein expression, findings that were prevented by pioglitazone and roscovitine, a pharmacological inhibitor of CDK5.	Pioglitazone	226-238	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
22240811-8	2012	Within 2 h of exposure, activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) was observed and correlated with increased serine-273 phosphorylation of PPAR-gamma and loss of SERCA2 protein expression, findings that were prevented by pioglitazone and roscovitine, a pharmacological inhibitor of CDK5.	Pioglitazone	226-238	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	144-154
22240811-8	2012	Within 2 h of exposure, activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) was observed and correlated with increased serine-273 phosphorylation of PPAR-gamma and loss of SERCA2 protein expression, findings that were prevented by pioglitazone and roscovitine, a pharmacological inhibitor of CDK5.	Pioglitazone	226-238	ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 2	Rattus norvegicus	167-173
22240811-8	2012	Within 2 h of exposure, activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) was observed and correlated with increased serine-273 phosphorylation of PPAR-gamma and loss of SERCA2 protein expression, findings that were prevented by pioglitazone and roscovitine, a pharmacological inhibitor of CDK5.	Pioglitazone	226-238	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Rattus norvegicus	287-291
22240811-9	2012	We conclude that pioglitazone modulates SERCA2b expression through direct transcriptional regulation of the gene and indirectly through prevention of CDK5-induced phosphorylation of PPAR-gamma.	Pioglitazone	17-29	ATPase, Ca++ transporting, cardiac muscle, slow twitch 2	Mus musculus	40-47
22240811-9	2012	We conclude that pioglitazone modulates SERCA2b expression through direct transcriptional regulation of the gene and indirectly through prevention of CDK5-induced phosphorylation of PPAR-gamma.	Pioglitazone	17-29	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Rattus norvegicus	150-154
22240811-9	2012	We conclude that pioglitazone modulates SERCA2b expression through direct transcriptional regulation of the gene and indirectly through prevention of CDK5-induced phosphorylation of PPAR-gamma.	Pioglitazone	17-29	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	182-192
22225875-3	2012	PGRN in blood and adipose tissues was markedly increased in obese mouse models and was normalized with treatment of pioglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing agent.	Pioglitazone	116-128	granulin	Mus musculus	0-4
22451180-1	2012	AIM: to compare the effectiveness of metformin and pioglitazone in ameliorating insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).	Pioglitazone	51-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	80-87
22451180-9	2012	CONCLUSION: these results suggest pioglitazone is as effective as metformin in improving insulin sensitivity and some cardiovascular risk biomarkers but it has no significant effect on reducing BMI and body weight.	Pioglitazone	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	89-96
23244125-0	2012	Use of oral antidiabetic drugs (metformin and pioglitazone) in diabetic patients with breast cancer: how does it effect serum Hif-1 alpha and 8Ohdg levels?	Pioglitazone	46-58	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	126-137
23098518-2	2012	Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma(PPARgamma) agonist that induces differentiation in adipocytes and induces growth arrest and/or apoptosis in vitro in several cancer cell lines.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	18-78
23098518-6	2012	PCNA immunohistochemistry revealed that pioglitazone treatment suppressed cell proliferation in the colorectal epithelium with elevation of p27 and p53 gene expression.	Pioglitazone	40-52	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Mus musculus	140-143
23098518-6	2012	PCNA immunohistochemistry revealed that pioglitazone treatment suppressed cell proliferation in the colorectal epithelium with elevation of p27 and p53 gene expression.	Pioglitazone	40-52	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	148-151
23098518-7	2012	These results suggest that pioglitazone prevented obesity-associated colon carcinogenesis through improvement of dysregulated adipocytokine levels and high serum levels of triglyceride and insulin, and increase of p27 and p53 mRNA levels in the colorectal mucosa.	Pioglitazone	27-39	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Mus musculus	214-217
23098518-7	2012	These results suggest that pioglitazone prevented obesity-associated colon carcinogenesis through improvement of dysregulated adipocytokine levels and high serum levels of triglyceride and insulin, and increase of p27 and p53 mRNA levels in the colorectal mucosa.	Pioglitazone	27-39	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	222-225
22972366-6	2012	Treatment with pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, resulted in attenuation of pressure overload-induced LA fibrosis.	Pioglitazone	15-27	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	31-79
22242856-8	2012	This review is focused on the cardiovascular effects of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone as representative members of PPARgamma ligands, because they were widely evaluated in many clinical trials and experimental studies and data obtained from these studies are relevant from medicinal chemistry and clinical pharmacology point of view.	Pioglitazone	74-86	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	116-125
22049096-1	2012	Pioglitazone and metformin are insulin sensitisers used for the treatment of T2DM.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-38
22049096-4	2012	Pioglitazone significantly decreased fasting insulin, HbA(1C) and HOMA-IR (p &lt; 0.05 for all) and increased FMD (p = 0.002).	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	45-52
22972172-9	2012	On the other hand, treatment with pioglitazone (Pio), a ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, containing food for 2w, elevated BrdU incorporation and expression of PCNA in mature adipocytes isolated from subcutaneous, but not visceral adipose tissue.	Pioglitazone	34-46	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	66-114
22972172-9	2012	On the other hand, treatment with pioglitazone (Pio), a ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, containing food for 2w, elevated BrdU incorporation and expression of PCNA in mature adipocytes isolated from subcutaneous, but not visceral adipose tissue.	Pioglitazone	34-46	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens	186-190
22972172-9	2012	On the other hand, treatment with pioglitazone (Pio), a ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, containing food for 2w, elevated BrdU incorporation and expression of PCNA in mature adipocytes isolated from subcutaneous, but not visceral adipose tissue.	Pioglitazone	48-51	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	66-114
22972172-9	2012	On the other hand, treatment with pioglitazone (Pio), a ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, containing food for 2w, elevated BrdU incorporation and expression of PCNA in mature adipocytes isolated from subcutaneous, but not visceral adipose tissue.	Pioglitazone	48-51	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens	186-190
22649478-5	2012	Emodin and pioglitazone enhanced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its primary downstream targeting enzyme, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, up-regulated gene expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1, and down-regulated sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 and fatty acid synthase protein levels in hepatocytes of HFD-fed rats.	Pioglitazone	11-23	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	56-84
22649478-5	2012	Emodin and pioglitazone enhanced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its primary downstream targeting enzyme, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, up-regulated gene expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1, and down-regulated sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 and fatty acid synthase protein levels in hepatocytes of HFD-fed rats.	Pioglitazone	11-23	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	86-90
22649478-5	2012	Emodin and pioglitazone enhanced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its primary downstream targeting enzyme, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, up-regulated gene expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1, and down-regulated sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 and fatty acid synthase protein levels in hepatocytes of HFD-fed rats.	Pioglitazone	11-23	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	247-290
22649478-5	2012	Emodin and pioglitazone enhanced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its primary downstream targeting enzyme, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, up-regulated gene expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1, and down-regulated sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 and fatty acid synthase protein levels in hepatocytes of HFD-fed rats.	Pioglitazone	11-23	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	295-314
23139771-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that the PPARgamma-agonist insulin sensitizer pioglitazone, may provide potential beneficial cardiovascular (CV) effects beyond its anti-hyperglycaemic function.	Pioglitazone	76-88	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	39-48
21971115-9	2012	Because PIO can reduce systemic glucose and lipid levels, our findings suggest that elevated glucose and lipid levels are part of the inhibitory mechanism behind reduced ghrelin (total) secretion in rats fed a HF diet.	Pioglitazone	8-11	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	170-177
22971482-0	2012	The adipose tissue endocrine mechanism of the prophylactic protective effect of pioglitazone in high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	80-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	118-125
22971482-1	2012	OBJECTIVE: To explore the adipose tissue endocrine mechanism of pioglitazone and its possible prophylactic role in insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	64-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
22971482-8	2012	In HepG2 cells, AdipoR2 levels and glucose uptake decreased significantly when PA was &gt;=200 muM, but were elevated by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	121-133	adiponectin receptor 2	Homo sapiens	16-23
22971482-10	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone prevented insulin resistance in rats fed a high-fat diet.	Pioglitazone	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	36-43
22971482-11	2012	Liver AdipoR2-mediated glucose uptake is important in the prophylactic effect of pioglitazone on insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	81-93	adiponectin receptor 2	Homo sapiens	6-13
22971482-11	2012	Liver AdipoR2-mediated glucose uptake is important in the prophylactic effect of pioglitazone on insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	81-93	insulin	Homo sapiens	97-104
21993383-4	2012	RESULTS: Compared with placebo, pioglitazone significantly increased HDL-cholesterol plasma levels (14.2%), reduced fasting insulin plasma levels (23.6%) and the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (31.7%).	Pioglitazone	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	124-131
21993383-4	2012	RESULTS: Compared with placebo, pioglitazone significantly increased HDL-cholesterol plasma levels (14.2%), reduced fasting insulin plasma levels (23.6%) and the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (31.7%).	Pioglitazone	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	191-198
21993383-5	2012	C-reactive protein (70.9%) and serum amyloid A (34.9%) were also significantly reduced with the pioglitazone use, whereas the HDL particle size was increased (8.80 nm vs. 8.95 nm; p = 0.044) by changes in the distribution of HDL(2b), HDL(3b), and HDL(3c) subclasses.	Pioglitazone	96-108	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	0-18
21993383-7	2012	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone significantly enhanced insulin sensitivity, reduced inflammation, and modified HDL characteristics, suggesting a potential beneficial effect of this drug in patients with SLE with a risk to develop cardiovascular disease.	Pioglitazone	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
22739963-4	2012	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pioglitazone versus placebo on total daily insulin requirements and several pleiotropic factors in type 2 diabetes patients requiring hemodialysis.	Pioglitazone	55-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-105
22739963-12	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Addition of pioglitazone to insulin in patients with late-stage kidney failure requiring hemodialysis is a well-tolerated treatment option that improves glycemic control with simultaneous insulin-sparing potential.	Pioglitazone	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	201-208
22474428-1	2012	The present study was undertaken to determine oxidative/nitrosative stress in aqueous humor of alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rabbits and to investigate the effects of two oral antidiabetic drugs, pioglitazone from peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists and repaglinide from nonsulfonylurea K(ATP) channel blockers.	Pioglitazone	196-208	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	214-262
22474428-1	2012	The present study was undertaken to determine oxidative/nitrosative stress in aqueous humor of alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rabbits and to investigate the effects of two oral antidiabetic drugs, pioglitazone from peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists and repaglinide from nonsulfonylurea K(ATP) channel blockers.	Pioglitazone	196-208	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	264-273
22474428-9	2012	In this area, the multimodal action of pioglitazone as PPARgamma agonist is probably essential.	Pioglitazone	39-51	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	55-64
22873050-0	2012	[Pioglitazone, an activator of PPAR-gamma, reduces the expression of kB nuclear factor and inhibits apoptosis in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood in vitro].	Pioglitazone	1-13	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	31-41
22192641-0	2012	Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic interaction between the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor LC15-0444 and pioglitazone in healthy volunteers.	Pioglitazone	106-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-81
22715547-8	2012	Only insulin sensitizing drugs like metformin and pioglitazone have been consistently shown to reduce cardiovascular risk.	Pioglitazone	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	5-12
22072742-0	2012	Pioglitazone-mediated changes in lipoprotein particle composition are predicted by changes in adiponectin level in type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	94-105
22072742-7	2012	RESULTS: Pioglitazone led to an increase in adiponectin compared with glimepiride.	Pioglitazone	9-21	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	44-55
22072742-12	2012	CONCLUSION: Increased adiponectin contributed to treatment-related benefit in lipoprotein cardiovascular disease risk factors in obese diabetic subjects treated with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	166-178	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	22-33
23167631-2	2012	Carcinogenicity studies suggest that the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone and dual PPARalpha/gamma agonists such as ragaglitazar, muraglitazar, and naveglitazar may increase the risk of bladder cancer in a dose-responsive pattern in rats.	Pioglitazone	59-71	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	41-50
23139771-8	2012	Pioglitazone reduced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 adhesion molecule expression in both early (p=0.001 and p=0.012 respectively) and late-outgrowth (p=0.047 and p=0.048, respectively) EPCs.	Pioglitazone	0-12	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	21-27
23139771-9	2012	Similarly, pioglitazone reduced TNFalpha gene and protein expression in both early (p=0.034;p=0.022) and late-outgrowth (p=0.026;p=0.017) EPCs compared to control.	Pioglitazone	11-23	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	32-40
22911155-7	2012	Pharmacological diminution of monocytes and neutrophils by treating mice with pioglitazone, a synthetic agonist of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), strongly reduces renal immunopathology during Ca infection and improves mouse survival.	Pioglitazone	78-90	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	186-196
23071818-9	2012	Oral treatment of C. difficile-infected mice with the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone ameliorated colitis and suppressed pro-inflammatory gene expression.	Pioglitazone	72-84	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	54-63
22514701-4	2012	Aleglitazar, tesaglitazar and Pio/Feno each induced unique transcriptional signatures, despite comparable core PPAR signaling.	Pioglitazone	30-33	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	111-115
22514701-7	2012	In particular, Pio/Feno was inferred to increase NFE2L2 activity, a key component of the stress response pathway, while aleglitazar had no significant effect.	Pioglitazone	15-18	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	49-55
22927782-10	2012	AST to platelet ratio significantly decreased in liraglutide group and pioglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	71-83	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	0-3
22136281-0	2012	Pioglitazone reduces peritoneal fibrosis via inhibition of TGF-beta, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in a model of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-67
22136281-0	2012	Pioglitazone reduces peritoneal fibrosis via inhibition of TGF-beta, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in a model of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
22136281-0	2012	Pioglitazone reduces peritoneal fibrosis via inhibition of TGF-beta, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in a model of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Rattus norvegicus	80-85
22136281-3	2012	The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of pioglitazone (Pio), a synthetic PPAR-gamma ligand, on the development of peritoneal fibrosis in CG-induced EPS rats.	Pioglitazone	61-73	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
22136281-3	2012	The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of pioglitazone (Pio), a synthetic PPAR-gamma ligand, on the development of peritoneal fibrosis in CG-induced EPS rats.	Pioglitazone	75-78	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
22124376-7	2011	Short-term exposure to pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, had no effect on mortality or rhythm in WT mice but further exacerbated the arrhythmic phenotype and increased the mortality in the PPARgamma transgenic mice.	Pioglitazone	23-35	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	39-48
22124376-7	2011	Short-term exposure to pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, had no effect on mortality or rhythm in WT mice but further exacerbated the arrhythmic phenotype and increased the mortality in the PPARgamma transgenic mice.	Pioglitazone	23-35	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	190-199
21924248-5	2011	Knockdown of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) with siRNA abolished pioglitazone- and 15d-PGJ(2)-induced VLDLR expression and simultaneously reduced VLDL uptake in adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	95-107	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	13-61
21924248-5	2011	Knockdown of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) with siRNA abolished pioglitazone- and 15d-PGJ(2)-induced VLDLR expression and simultaneously reduced VLDL uptake in adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	95-107	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	63-72
21924248-5	2011	Knockdown of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) with siRNA abolished pioglitazone- and 15d-PGJ(2)-induced VLDLR expression and simultaneously reduced VLDL uptake in adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	95-107	very low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	132-137
21924248-8	2011	Sequence analysis revealed the presence of a putative PPARgamma responsive sequence (PPRE) within the vldlr promoter, which is responsive to natural (15d-PGJ(2)) and synthetic (pioglitazone) PPARgamma agonists.	Pioglitazone	177-189	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	54-63
21924248-8	2011	Sequence analysis revealed the presence of a putative PPARgamma responsive sequence (PPRE) within the vldlr promoter, which is responsive to natural (15d-PGJ(2)) and synthetic (pioglitazone) PPARgamma agonists.	Pioglitazone	177-189	very low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	102-107
21924248-8	2011	Sequence analysis revealed the presence of a putative PPARgamma responsive sequence (PPRE) within the vldlr promoter, which is responsive to natural (15d-PGJ(2)) and synthetic (pioglitazone) PPARgamma agonists.	Pioglitazone	177-189	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	191-200
22036080-0	2011	Lithium, phenserine, memantine and pioglitazone reverse memory deficit and restore phospho-GSK3beta decreased in hippocampus in intracerebroventricular streptozotocin induced memory deficit model.	Pioglitazone	35-47	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	91-99
21968139-0	2011	Polymorphism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) Pro12Ala in the Iranian population: relation with insulin resistance and response to treatment with pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	177-189	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	16-64
21968139-0	2011	Polymorphism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) Pro12Ala in the Iranian population: relation with insulin resistance and response to treatment with pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	177-189	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	66-75
21968139-2	2011	Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity by activating PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
21968139-2	2011	Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity by activating PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	56-65
21968139-3	2011	In view of inter-individual variability in therapeutic response to pioglitazone, this study was designed to search for an association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and Pro12Ala single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in PPARgamma (SNP rs1801282) and to investigate whether these genetic variants affect pioglitazone response in an Iranian population.	Pioglitazone	67-79	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	220-229
21968139-3	2011	In view of inter-individual variability in therapeutic response to pioglitazone, this study was designed to search for an association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and Pro12Ala single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in PPARgamma (SNP rs1801282) and to investigate whether these genetic variants affect pioglitazone response in an Iranian population.	Pioglitazone	303-315	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	220-229
21968139-10	2011	There were significant changes in some laboratory values and biochemical markers of insulin sensitivity after pioglitazone therapy.	Pioglitazone	110-122	insulin	Homo sapiens	84-91
22036080-11	2011	The p-GSK3beta levels were restored by lithium, phenserine and pioglitazone in the hippocampus, and restored by lithium in the PFC.	Pioglitazone	63-75	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	6-14
21823043-0	2011	Pioglitazone reduces urinary albumin excretion in renin-angiotensin system inhibitor-treated type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension and microalbuminuria: the APRIME study.	Pioglitazone	0-12	renin	Homo sapiens	50-55
21823043-1	2011	BACKGROUND: The aim of his study was to compare the efficacy of pioglitazone with metformin on the reduction of albuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension and microalbuminuria treated with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RAS-Is).	Pioglitazone	64-76	renin	Homo sapiens	204-209
21956711-6	2011	However, combined pioglitazone and exenatide therapy (n = 11) was associated with a significant reduction of FGF21 levels (2.3  +-  0.5 to 1.1  +-  0.3 ng/ml) and a greater decrease in hepatic fat.	Pioglitazone	18-30	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	109-114
21956711-10	2011	Hepatic FGF21 correlated inversely with hepatic AMPK phosphorylation CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In type 2 diabetes mellitus, combined pioglitazone and exenatide therapy is associated with a reduction in plasma FGF21 levels, as well as a greater decrease in hepatic fat than that achieved with pioglitazone therapy.	Pioglitazone	135-147	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	8-13
21956711-10	2011	Hepatic FGF21 correlated inversely with hepatic AMPK phosphorylation CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In type 2 diabetes mellitus, combined pioglitazone and exenatide therapy is associated with a reduction in plasma FGF21 levels, as well as a greater decrease in hepatic fat than that achieved with pioglitazone therapy.	Pioglitazone	135-147	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	211-216
21956711-10	2011	Hepatic FGF21 correlated inversely with hepatic AMPK phosphorylation CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In type 2 diabetes mellitus, combined pioglitazone and exenatide therapy is associated with a reduction in plasma FGF21 levels, as well as a greater decrease in hepatic fat than that achieved with pioglitazone therapy.	Pioglitazone	294-306	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	8-13
21890304-2	2011	Several clinical trials revealed that pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand, exerts beneficial actions on cardiovascular complications.	Pioglitazone	38-50	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	54-102
21962804-9	2011	Serum adiponectin levels before CLP were higher in the pioglitazone/CLP than in the vehicle/CLP.	Pioglitazone	55-67	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	6-17
21962804-10	2011	Treatment with pioglitazone significantly inhibited the increases in the serum interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels after CLP and lowered the mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6, and MCP-1 in omental tissue after CLP.	Pioglitazone	15-27	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	79-92
21962804-10	2011	Treatment with pioglitazone significantly inhibited the increases in the serum interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels after CLP and lowered the mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6, and MCP-1 in omental tissue after CLP.	Pioglitazone	15-27	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	97-131
21962804-10	2011	Treatment with pioglitazone significantly inhibited the increases in the serum interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels after CLP and lowered the mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6, and MCP-1 in omental tissue after CLP.	Pioglitazone	15-27	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	133-138
21962804-10	2011	Treatment with pioglitazone significantly inhibited the increases in the serum interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels after CLP and lowered the mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6, and MCP-1 in omental tissue after CLP.	Pioglitazone	15-27	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	220-233
21962804-10	2011	Treatment with pioglitazone significantly inhibited the increases in the serum interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels after CLP and lowered the mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6, and MCP-1 in omental tissue after CLP.	Pioglitazone	15-27	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	239-244
21962804-11	2011	CONCLUSION: The anti-inflammatory effects of pioglitazone on omental adipocyte function appear to be mediated in part by PPAR-gamma activation, which down-regulates the production of inflammatory mediators.	Pioglitazone	45-57	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	121-131
21366664-5	2011	RESULTS: Pioglitazone reduced the total and striatal infarct size, neuronal degeneration in both parts of the ipsilateral SN, the loss of TH-IR neurones in the SNc and increased the number of PPARgamma-positive TH-IR neurones.	Pioglitazone	9-21	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	192-201
21366664-6	2011	Pioglitazone protected primary cortical neurones against oxidative and excitotoxic damage, prevented the loss of neurites and supported the formation of synaptic networks in neurones exposed to glutamate or 6-hydroxydopamine by a PPARgamma-dependent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	230-239
21660077-4	2011	Pioglitazone reduced fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (P &lt; 0.05), fasting free fatty acid (FFA) (P &lt; 0.05), and HbA(1c) (Delta = 1.0%, P &lt; 0.01), while increasing plasma adiponectin concentration by 86% (P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	175-186
21660077-7	2011	Combined pioglitazone and exenatide therapy was associated with a significantly greater increase in plasma adiponectin (Delta = 193%) and a significantly greater decrease in hepatic fat (12.1 +- 1.7 to 4.7 +- 1.3%) and plasma triglyceride (38%) vs. pioglitazone therapy despite the lack of a significant change in body weight (Delta = 0.2 kg).	Pioglitazone	9-21	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	107-118
21893084-10	2011	It is concluded that PPAR-gamma modulators pioglitazone and rosiglitazone may be considered as potential pharmacological agents for the management of diabetes induced VaD.	Pioglitazone	43-55	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
22028424-6	2011	Because of this, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone have been evaluated as potential treatments for AD because of their insulin-sensitizing and antiinflammatory effects.	Pioglitazone	35-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	116-123
21890304-16	2011	Pioglitazone treatment also increased plasma levels of adiponectin, a vascular protective hormone, and led to an increase in phosphorylation of AMPK and a decrease in phosphorylation of ERK in the grafted vein.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	55-66
21892746-8	2011	The protective effect of pioglitazone is dependent on downstream activation of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) and cyclooxygenase-2 with subsequent increased production of 15-epi-lipoxin A(4), prostacyclin and 15-d-PGJ(2).	Pioglitazone	25-37	phospholipase A2 group IVA	Homo sapiens	79-107
21892746-8	2011	The protective effect of pioglitazone is dependent on downstream activation of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) and cyclooxygenase-2 with subsequent increased production of 15-epi-lipoxin A(4), prostacyclin and 15-d-PGJ(2).	Pioglitazone	25-37	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	112-128
21682833-6	2011	RESULTS: The change from baseline in HbA1c after 12 weeks was significantly greater with alogliptin 12.5 mg added to pioglitazone and alogliptin 25 mg added to pioglitazone than with placebo added to pioglitazone (-0.91 and -0.97% vs. -0.19%; p &lt; 0.0001).	Pioglitazone	117-129	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
21682833-6	2011	RESULTS: The change from baseline in HbA1c after 12 weeks was significantly greater with alogliptin 12.5 mg added to pioglitazone and alogliptin 25 mg added to pioglitazone than with placebo added to pioglitazone (-0.91 and -0.97% vs. -0.19%; p &lt; 0.0001).	Pioglitazone	160-172	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
21682833-6	2011	RESULTS: The change from baseline in HbA1c after 12 weeks was significantly greater with alogliptin 12.5 mg added to pioglitazone and alogliptin 25 mg added to pioglitazone than with placebo added to pioglitazone (-0.91 and -0.97% vs. -0.19%; p &lt; 0.0001).	Pioglitazone	160-172	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
21952241-0	2011	Pioglitazone induces a proadipogenic antitumor response in mice with PAX8-PPARgamma fusion protein thyroid carcinoma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	paired box 8	Mus musculus	69-73
21952241-0	2011	Pioglitazone induces a proadipogenic antitumor response in mice with PAX8-PPARgamma fusion protein thyroid carcinoma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	74-83
21952241-7	2011	Remarkably, pioglitazone caused an adipogenic response in the PPFP;PtenFF;Cre thyroids characterized by lipid accumulation and the induction of a broad array of adipocyte PPARgamma target genes.	Pioglitazone	12-24	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	171-180
21952241-8	2011	These data indicate that, in the presence of pioglitazone, PPFP has PPARgamma-like activity that results in trans-differentiation of thyroid carcinoma cells into adipocyte-like cells.	Pioglitazone	45-57	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	68-77
23554718-7	2011	Results show that the combination of pioglitazone with glimepiride is more effective in amelioration of diabetic nephropathy than rosiglitazone with glimepiride drug therapy due to glycemic control, suppressing albumin excretion rate, total protein excretion rate and augmented TNF-a signaling during the development of streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic nephropathy.	Pioglitazone	37-49	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	278-283
22126757-5	2011	Pretreatment with pioglitazone significantly lowered the apoptosis rate of the cardiomyocytes with hypoxia/reoxygenation injury to (8.32-+0.89)%, and this effect was antagonized by GW9662, a specific blocker of peroxisome proliferators activated receptors gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	18-30	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	263-272
22126757-7	2011	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone can ameliorate neonatal rat cardiomyocyte injury induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation partially by activating PPARgamma and does not increase the expression of PKC in the cells.	Pioglitazone	12-24	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	131-140
22332542-7	2011	CONCLUSION: The mitochondrial membrane potential of neonate rat"s myocardial cells was descend after hypoxia/ reoxygenation, while pioglitazone can interrupt the process, indicating that the activation may be relevant to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligand and PKC pathway.	Pioglitazone	131-143	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	221-269
21704657-1	2011	UNLABELLED: In this study, the potential antidepressant-like effects of pioglitazone and the possible involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and nitric oxide system in antidepressant effects of pioglitazone were determined using forced swimming test (FST) in mice.	Pioglitazone	231-243	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	117-165
21704657-1	2011	UNLABELLED: In this study, the potential antidepressant-like effects of pioglitazone and the possible involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and nitric oxide system in antidepressant effects of pioglitazone were determined using forced swimming test (FST) in mice.	Pioglitazone	231-243	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	167-176
21704657-13	2011	CONCLUSION: The antidepressant-like effect of pioglitazone on mice in the FST is mediated at least in part through PPARgamma receptors and nitric oxide pathway.	Pioglitazone	46-58	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	115-124
22282722-1	2011	The widely employed anti-diabetic drug pioglitazone (Actos) is shown to be a specific and reversible inhibitor of human monoamine oxidase B (MAO B).	Pioglitazone	39-51	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	120-139
22282722-1	2011	The widely employed anti-diabetic drug pioglitazone (Actos) is shown to be a specific and reversible inhibitor of human monoamine oxidase B (MAO B).	Pioglitazone	39-51	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	141-146
22282722-5	2011	Rosiglitazone (Avandia) and troglitazone, other members of the glitazone class, are less selective in that they are weaker inhibitors of both MAO A and MAO B These results suggest that pioglitazone may have utility as a "re-purposed" neuro-protectant drug in retarding the progression of disease in Parkinson"s patients.	Pioglitazone	185-197	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	142-147
21862012-0	2011	Pioglitazone enhances cholesterol efflux from macrophages by increasing ABCA1/ABCG1 expressions via PPARgamma/LXRalpha pathway: findings from in vitro and ex vivo studies.	Pioglitazone	0-12	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	72-77
21862012-0	2011	Pioglitazone enhances cholesterol efflux from macrophages by increasing ABCA1/ABCG1 expressions via PPARgamma/LXRalpha pathway: findings from in vitro and ex vivo studies.	Pioglitazone	0-12	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1	Homo sapiens	78-83
21862012-0	2011	Pioglitazone enhances cholesterol efflux from macrophages by increasing ABCA1/ABCG1 expressions via PPARgamma/LXRalpha pathway: findings from in vitro and ex vivo studies.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	100-109
21862012-0	2011	Pioglitazone enhances cholesterol efflux from macrophages by increasing ABCA1/ABCG1 expressions via PPARgamma/LXRalpha pathway: findings from in vitro and ex vivo studies.	Pioglitazone	0-12	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3	Homo sapiens	110-118
21862012-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, reportedly reduces cardiovascular events in diabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	11-23	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	27-75
21862012-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, reportedly reduces cardiovascular events in diabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	11-23	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	77-86
21862012-3	2011	Also, pioglitazone induces ABCG1 expression, though the exact mechanism remains unclear.	Pioglitazone	6-18	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1	Homo sapiens	27-32
21862012-4	2011	We therefore investigated the effects of pioglitazone on ABCA1/G1 expression in vitro and ex vivo.	Pioglitazone	41-53	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	57-62
21862012-9	2011	RESULTS: Pioglitazone increased LXRalpha/ABCA1/G1 expressions, which enhanced ChE from macrophages.	Pioglitazone	9-21	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3	Homo sapiens	32-40
21862012-9	2011	RESULTS: Pioglitazone increased LXRalpha/ABCA1/G1 expressions, which enhanced ChE from macrophages.	Pioglitazone	9-21	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	41-46
21862012-10	2011	Inhibition of PPARgamma/LXR pathways revealed that LXR was primarily involved in pioglitazone"s transactivation of ABCA1 but only partially involved for ABCG1.	Pioglitazone	81-93	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	14-23
21862012-10	2011	Inhibition of PPARgamma/LXR pathways revealed that LXR was primarily involved in pioglitazone"s transactivation of ABCA1 but only partially involved for ABCG1.	Pioglitazone	81-93	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	115-120
21862012-12	2011	Sera obtained after pioglitazone treatment promoted ChE and ABCA1/G1 expressions in macrophages.	Pioglitazone	20-32	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	60-65
21862012-13	2011	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone enhanced ChE from macrophages by increasing ABCA1/G1 in LXR-dependent and -independent manners.	Pioglitazone	12-24	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	69-74
21835171-0	2011	Pioglitazone-induced body weight gain is prevented by combined administration with the lipoprotein lipase activator NO-1886.	Pioglitazone	0-12	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	87-105
21839075-5	2011	In comparison with those treated with saline, model rats treated with berberine or pioglitazone underwent significant recovery, including up-regulated IRS-2 mRNA and protein (all P&lt;0.05).	Pioglitazone	83-95	insulin receptor substrate 2	Rattus norvegicus	151-156
21868013-0	2011	Antiatherogenic effect of pioglitazone on uremic apolipoprotein E knockout mice by modulation of the balance of regulatory and effector T cells.	Pioglitazone	26-38	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	49-65
21868013-13	2011	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone ameliorates accelerated AS in uremic apoE-/- mice, probably through PPARgamma-independent and -dependent mechanisms to modulate the Treg/Teff imbalance.	Pioglitazone	12-24	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	62-66
21868013-13	2011	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone ameliorates accelerated AS in uremic apoE-/- mice, probably through PPARgamma-independent and -dependent mechanisms to modulate the Treg/Teff imbalance.	Pioglitazone	12-24	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	93-102
21777645-2	2011	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligands are reported to activate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, including pioglitazone, which belong to the thiazolidinedione (TZD).	Pioglitazone	147-159	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	0-42
21777645-2	2011	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligands are reported to activate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, including pioglitazone, which belong to the thiazolidinedione (TZD).	Pioglitazone	147-159	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	44-48
21777645-2	2011	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligands are reported to activate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, including pioglitazone, which belong to the thiazolidinedione (TZD).	Pioglitazone	147-159	phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1	Mus musculus	87-116
21777645-2	2011	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligands are reported to activate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, including pioglitazone, which belong to the thiazolidinedione (TZD).	Pioglitazone	147-159	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	124-127
21777645-8	2011	Briefly, MS as pioglitazone, stabilized PPAR-gamma structure and diminished PPAR-gamma phosphorylation thereby improving insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	15-27	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	40-50
21777645-8	2011	Briefly, MS as pioglitazone, stabilized PPAR-gamma structure and diminished PPAR-gamma phosphorylation thereby improving insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	15-27	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	76-86
22029000-1	2011	Pioglitazone was approved in 1999 as an adjunct to exercise and diet to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, primarily by reducing insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	160-167
22029000-2	2011	Beyond these effects on glucose metabolism, pioglitazone has positive effects on lipid metabolism, blood pressure, endothelial function, adiponectin, and C-reactive protein levels.	Pioglitazone	44-56	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	137-148
22029000-2	2011	Beyond these effects on glucose metabolism, pioglitazone has positive effects on lipid metabolism, blood pressure, endothelial function, adiponectin, and C-reactive protein levels.	Pioglitazone	44-56	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	154-172
21962020-2	2011	We hypothesized that pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist, could attenuate graft oxidant stress in cardiac transplantation.	Pioglitazone	21-33	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	37-92
21962020-6	2011	The anti-oxidant balance in pioglitazone-treated cardiac allografts was significantly bolstered by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH) oxidase (Nox1 and p22(phox) sub-units) activity and preservation of manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, resulting in the mitigation of oxidative damage at the level of lipids, proteins, and DNA.	Pioglitazone	28-40	NADPH oxidase 1	Mus musculus	177-181
21962020-6	2011	The anti-oxidant balance in pioglitazone-treated cardiac allografts was significantly bolstered by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH) oxidase (Nox1 and p22(phox) sub-units) activity and preservation of manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, resulting in the mitigation of oxidative damage at the level of lipids, proteins, and DNA.	Pioglitazone	28-40	dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1	Mus musculus	186-189
21962020-7	2011	At 7 days after transplantation, PPAR-gamma was significantly up-regulated by pioglitazone, but nuclear factor-kappaB and inducible nitric oxide synthase were significantly down-regulated.	Pioglitazone	78-90	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	33-43
21937914-1	2011	We have previously shown that natural (15-deoxy-Delta-prostaglandin J2) and synthetic (pioglitazone) agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) strengthen the intrinsic cellular mechanisms protecting oligodendrocyte (OL) progenitors (OPs) from oxidative insults and promote their differentiation.	Pioglitazone	87-99	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	113-161
21937914-1	2011	We have previously shown that natural (15-deoxy-Delta-prostaglandin J2) and synthetic (pioglitazone) agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) strengthen the intrinsic cellular mechanisms protecting oligodendrocyte (OL) progenitors (OPs) from oxidative insults and promote their differentiation.	Pioglitazone	87-99	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	163-173
21999870-3	2011	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, possesses potent anti-inflammatory properties.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	16-64
21999871-11	2011	High-sensitivity C-reactive protein was decreased by pioglitazone, whereas it was increased by glimepiride.	Pioglitazone	53-65	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	17-35
21127991-0	2011	Pioglitazone inhibits TGFbeta induced keratocyte transformation to myofibroblast and extracellular matrix production.	Pioglitazone	0-12	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	22-29
21127991-4	2011	The results showed pioglitazone inhibited the TGFbeta-driven myofibroblast differentiation, as determined by F-actin fluorescence staining, alpha-smooth muscle actin-specific immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis.	Pioglitazone	19-31	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	46-53
21127991-5	2011	Pioglitazone also potently attenuated TGFbeta induced type I collagen and fibronectin mRNA and protein production.	Pioglitazone	0-12	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	38-45
21127991-5	2011	Pioglitazone also potently attenuated TGFbeta induced type I collagen and fibronectin mRNA and protein production.	Pioglitazone	0-12	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	74-85
21127991-6	2011	Moreover, pioglitazone showed inhibitory effect on TGFbeta induced cell proliferation.	Pioglitazone	10-22	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	51-58
21127991-7	2011	The irreversible PPAR-gamma antagonist GW9662, partially reversed the inhibition of collagen I and fibronectin expression but not myofibroblast transformation, suggesting both PPAR-gamma dependent and PPAR-gamma independent mechanisms were involved in the action of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	266-278	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	17-27
21554488-12	2011	Pioglitazone had no effect on waveform structure, despite significantly reducing insulin resistance, fasting glucose, and triglycerides (p &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-88
21554488-14	2011	Pioglitazone improved glucose, insulin sensitivity, and triglycerides without influencing the contour of the waveforms.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-38
22282722-5	2011	Rosiglitazone (Avandia) and troglitazone, other members of the glitazone class, are less selective in that they are weaker inhibitors of both MAO A and MAO B These results suggest that pioglitazone may have utility as a "re-purposed" neuro-protectant drug in retarding the progression of disease in Parkinson"s patients.	Pioglitazone	185-197	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	152-157
21649861-1	2011	Recently, some PPARgamma agonists like pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, and other newer thiazolidine-2, 4-dione (TZD) derivatives have been shown to be neuroprotective in experimental model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.	Pioglitazone	39-51	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	15-24
21782425-1	2011	A novel outer mitochondrial membrane protein containing [2Fe-2S] clusters, mitoNEET was first identified through its binding to the anti-diabetic drug pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	151-163	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	75-83
21782425-2	2011	Pioglitazone belongs to a family of drugs that are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists, collectively known as glitazones.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	51-93
21782425-2	2011	Pioglitazone belongs to a family of drugs that are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists, collectively known as glitazones.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	95-99
21892191-1	2011	PPARgamma is the functioning receptor for the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class of antidiabetes drugs including rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	126-138	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-9
21757589-0	2011	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, induces dilation of isolated porcine retinal arterioles: role of nitric oxide and potassium channels.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	16-64
21492364-6	2011	RESULTS: Changes in HbA1c were -0.11% in the 0.5-mg group; -0.22% in the 1-mg group and -0.17% in the 1.5-mg rivoglitazone group; -0.06% in the 30-mg pioglitazone group and 0.61% in the placebo group.	Pioglitazone	150-162	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	20-24
21551479-1	2011	AIMS: Pioglitazone, one of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activators, possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.	Pioglitazone	6-18	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	31-79
21893273-2	2011	Several pharmacologic therapies have shown some promise; currently, vitamin E and insulin-sensitizing agents such as pioglitazone can be considered in appropriate cases.	Pioglitazone	117-129	insulin	Homo sapiens	82-89
21752899-6	2011	RESULTS: Pioglitazone had no effect on corrected plasma calcium and phosphate levels but decreased significantly the alkaline phosphatase and PTH levels.	Pioglitazone	9-21	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	142-145
21752899-12	2011	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone decreases PTH levels and increases urinary calcium excretion, independently from changes in glomerular filtration rate and from the sodium load, suggesting an inhibitory effect of pioglitazone on the tubular reabsorption of calcium.	Pioglitazone	12-24	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	35-38
21636793-1	2011	The U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved thiazolidinediones pioglitazone and rosiglitazone are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonists developed to control serum glucose in patients with diabetes.	Pioglitazone	66-78	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	101-149
21636793-1	2011	The U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved thiazolidinediones pioglitazone and rosiglitazone are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonists developed to control serum glucose in patients with diabetes.	Pioglitazone	66-78	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	151-160
21636793-7	2011	Similar to dexamethasone, both thiazolidinediones increased the glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation, and this response to rosiglitazone and possibly to pioglitazone was PPARgamma-dependent.	Pioglitazone	156-168	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	173-182
19923038-0	2011	Efficacy of PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone in mild Alzheimer disease.	Pioglitazone	31-43	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	12-22
19923038-6	2011	In addition, pioglitazone treatment resulted in a decrease in fasting plasma insulin levels, indicating enhanced insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
19923038-6	2011	In addition, pioglitazone treatment resulted in a decrease in fasting plasma insulin levels, indicating enhanced insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	113-120
21757589-1	2011	PURPOSE: Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist, has anti-inflammatory and atheroprotective effects on vascular tissue and may reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes.	Pioglitazone	9-21	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	25-80
21757589-9	2011	Treatment with intraluminal and extraluminal GW9662, a PPAR-gamma antagonist, similarly inhibited pioglitazone-induced vasodilation.	Pioglitazone	98-110	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	55-65
21549699-0	2011	Effect of pioglitazone on altered expression of Abeta metabolism-associated molecules in the brain of fructose-drinking rats, a rodent model of insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	10-22	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	48-53
21549699-10	2011	This study indicates that insulin resistance induced by fructose-drinking affects the expression of Abeta metabolism-associated molecules that are responsible for Abeta deposition and pioglitazone treatment negatively modulate amyloidogenesis.	Pioglitazone	184-196	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	100-105
21819568-0	2011	The PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone modulates inflammation and induces neuroprotection in parkinsonian monkeys.	Pioglitazone	23-35	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Macaca mulatta	4-14
21816321-0	2011	Lowering the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and its association with the beneficial impact of pioglitazone on coronary atherosclerosis in the PERISCOPE study is likely due to lowering insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	113-125	insulin	Homo sapiens	203-210
21788481-10	2011	The diabetes drug pioglitazone inhibits iron transfer from WT mNT to mitochondria, indicating that pioglitazone affects a specific property, [2Fe-2S] cluster transfer, in the cellular environment.	Pioglitazone	18-30	max binding protein	Mus musculus	62-65
21788481-10	2011	The diabetes drug pioglitazone inhibits iron transfer from WT mNT to mitochondria, indicating that pioglitazone affects a specific property, [2Fe-2S] cluster transfer, in the cellular environment.	Pioglitazone	99-111	max binding protein	Mus musculus	62-65
21788481-12	2011	Our findings suggest a likely role for mNT in [2Fe-2S] and/or iron transfer to acceptor proteins and support the idea that pioglitazone"s antidiabetic mode of action may, in part, be to inhibit transfer of mNT"s [2Fe-2S] cluster.	Pioglitazone	123-135	max binding protein	Mus musculus	39-42
21788481-12	2011	Our findings suggest a likely role for mNT in [2Fe-2S] and/or iron transfer to acceptor proteins and support the idea that pioglitazone"s antidiabetic mode of action may, in part, be to inhibit transfer of mNT"s [2Fe-2S] cluster.	Pioglitazone	123-135	max binding protein	Mus musculus	206-209
21819568-2	2011	Here we report preclinical data on the use of the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone (Actos ; Takeda Pharmaceuticals Ltd.) in a paradigm resembling early PD in nonhuman primates.	Pioglitazone	69-81	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Macaca mulatta	50-60
21819568-9	2011	Pioglitazone-treated monkeys also showed a dose-dependent modulation of CD68-ir inflammatory cells, that was significantly decreased for 5 mg/kg treated animals compared to placebo (P = 0.018).	Pioglitazone	0-12	CD68 molecule	Macaca mulatta	72-76
21819568-13	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that oral administration of pioglitazone is neuroprotective when administered early after inducing a parkinsonian syndrome in rhesus monkeys and supports the concept that PPAR-gamma is a viable target against neurodegeneration.	Pioglitazone	62-74	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Macaca mulatta	205-215
21788639-0	2011	Comment: analyses using time-dependent pioglitazone usage in Cox models may lead to wrong conclusions about its association with cancer.	Pioglitazone	39-51	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	61-64
21591687-1	2011	Binding of the thiazolidinedione antidiabetic drug pioglitazone led to the discovery of a novel outer mitochondrial membrane protein of unknown function called mitoNEET.	Pioglitazone	51-63	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	160-168
21558877-6	2011	Also, supplementation with the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone or with l-arginine or hemin, substrates for NOS and HO, respectively, eliminated the unfavorable effect of CSA on isoprenaline vasodilations.	Pioglitazone	49-61	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	31-40
21558877-8	2011	In conclusion, the activation of the HO/CO/PPARgamma cascade is probably the cellular mechanism that underlies the beneficial effect of pioglitazone on the CSA-isoprenaline interaction.	Pioglitazone	136-148	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	43-52
21741366-0	2011	Pioglitazone promotes preadipocyte proliferation by downregulating p16(Ink4a).	Pioglitazone	0-12	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	67-76
21741366-1	2011	Pioglitazone, a synthetic ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma, causes preadipocyte proliferation through a mechanism which still remains elusive.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	80-90
21741366-3	2011	Pioglitazone promoted preadipocyte proliferation by increasing S and G(2)/M cell-cycle entry, which was accompanied by decreased p16 mRNA expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	129-132
21741366-4	2011	PPARgamma overexpression along with the luciferase reporter assay confirmed that PPARgamma was crucial for the downregulation of p16 mRNA transcription, and that the action was augmented by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	190-202	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
21741366-4	2011	PPARgamma overexpression along with the luciferase reporter assay confirmed that PPARgamma was crucial for the downregulation of p16 mRNA transcription, and that the action was augmented by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	190-202	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	129-132
21741366-5	2011	Thus, pioglitazone exerted cell-cycle dependent promoting effect on preadipocyte proliferation, of which mechanisms include p16-downregulation through PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	6-18	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	124-127
21741366-5	2011	Thus, pioglitazone exerted cell-cycle dependent promoting effect on preadipocyte proliferation, of which mechanisms include p16-downregulation through PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	6-18	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	151-160
21756323-1	2011	BACKGROUND: We analyzed specific effects of an add-on therapy with pioglitazone compared to metformin and their combination in patients with basal insulin treatment on biomarkers of CV risk.	Pioglitazone	67-79	insulin	Homo sapiens	147-154
21756323-6	2011	RESULTS: Pioglitazone (B) reduced MMP-9 versus baseline by 54.1 +- 187.1 ng/mL, with metformin (A) it was increased by 49.6 +- 336.2 ng/mL (p = 0.0345; B vs. A), and with the combination of both (C) it was decreased by 67.8 +- 231.4 ng/mL (A vs. C: p = 0.0416; B vs. C: p = 0.8695).	Pioglitazone	9-21	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	34-39
21756323-14	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Addition of pioglitazone but not of metformin reduces MMP-9, hs-CRP and increased insulin sensitivity and adiponectin in this study.	Pioglitazone	25-37	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	67-72
21756323-14	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Addition of pioglitazone but not of metformin reduces MMP-9, hs-CRP and increased insulin sensitivity and adiponectin in this study.	Pioglitazone	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
21756323-14	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Addition of pioglitazone but not of metformin reduces MMP-9, hs-CRP and increased insulin sensitivity and adiponectin in this study.	Pioglitazone	25-37	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	119-130
21756323-16	2011	Pioglitazone is suggested to be a rational add-on therapy to basal insulin in patients with high CV risk.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
21690493-6	2011	The PPARgamma agonists 15-deoxy-prostaglandin-J(2), ciglitazone, and pioglitazone reduced intimal expansion, intimal infiltration of CD45RO(+) memory T cells, and plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines.	Pioglitazone	69-81	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-13
21690493-8	2011	In vitro, pioglitazone inhibited both alloantigen-induced proliferation and superantigen-induced transendothelial migration of memory T cells, indicating the potential mechanisms of PPARgamma effects.	Pioglitazone	10-22	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	182-191
21690491-5	2011	Pioglitazone treatment (3 mg/kg body weight/d for 6 weeks), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, reversibly improved atherogenic dyslipidemia and insulin resistance and fully restored flow-mediated dilation with persistent benefits.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Macaca mulatta	62-110
21690491-5	2011	Pioglitazone treatment (3 mg/kg body weight/d for 6 weeks), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, reversibly improved atherogenic dyslipidemia and insulin resistance and fully restored flow-mediated dilation with persistent benefits.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Macaca mulatta	169-176
21354099-4	2011	PPARgamma1 CALUX and PPARgamma2 CALUX cells showed similar concentration-dependent luciferase induction upon exposure to the PPARgamma agonists rosiglitazone, troglitazone, pioglitazone, ciglitazone, netoglitazone, and 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2).	Pioglitazone	173-185	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
21410628-8	2011	Patients taking linagliptin plus pioglitazone, compared with those receiving placebo plus pioglitazone, were more likely to achieve HbA1c of &lt;7.0% (42.9 vs. 30.5%, respectively; p = 0.0051) and reduction in HbA1c of &gt;=0.5% (75.0 vs. 50.8%, respectively; p &lt; 0.0001).	Pioglitazone	33-45	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	132-136
21410628-8	2011	Patients taking linagliptin plus pioglitazone, compared with those receiving placebo plus pioglitazone, were more likely to achieve HbA1c of &lt;7.0% (42.9 vs. 30.5%, respectively; p = 0.0051) and reduction in HbA1c of &gt;=0.5% (75.0 vs. 50.8%, respectively; p &lt; 0.0001).	Pioglitazone	33-45	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	210-214
21639813-5	2011	EXPERT OPINION: Treatment with pioglitazone in T2DM was shown to improve insulin resistance and blood glucose levels without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia.	Pioglitazone	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	73-80
21651446-2	2011	Pioglitazone is now the only thiazolidinedione approved for the treatment of T2DM and can be administered in combination with metformin, sulfonylureas, exenatide, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors or insulin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	163-185
21651446-2	2011	Pioglitazone is now the only thiazolidinedione approved for the treatment of T2DM and can be administered in combination with metformin, sulfonylureas, exenatide, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors or insulin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	187-192
21651446-2	2011	Pioglitazone is now the only thiazolidinedione approved for the treatment of T2DM and can be administered in combination with metformin, sulfonylureas, exenatide, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors or insulin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	208-215
21081243-0	2011	Leptin replacement improves postprandial glycemia and insulin sensitivity in human immunodeficiency virus-infected lipoatrophic men treated with pioglitazone: a pilot study.	Pioglitazone	145-157	leptin	Homo sapiens	0-6
21081243-7	2011	Metreleptin administration in HIV-positive, leptin-deficient patients with lipoatrophy treated with pioglitazone improves postprandial glycemia and insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	100-112	insulin	Homo sapiens	148-155
21129760-12	2011	Exercise training resulted in increased muscle ATGL, and pioglitazone increased adipose ATGL by 31% (P &lt; .05).	Pioglitazone	57-69	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	88-92
21129760-13	2011	Pioglitazone also increased ATGL in adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	28-32
21525782-9	2011	While troglitazone dramatically decreased the amount of c-Myc within C4-2 cells, the PPARgamma ligands ciglitazone, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone did not reduce c-Myc protein levels.	Pioglitazone	134-146	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	85-94
21514306-0	2011	Pioglitazone upregulates adiponectin receptor 2 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin receptor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	25-47
21514306-1	2011	AIMS: Pioglitazone, a full peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist, improves insulin sensitivity by increasing circulating adiponectin levels.	Pioglitazone	6-18	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Canis lupus familiaris	27-82
21514306-1	2011	AIMS: Pioglitazone, a full peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist, improves insulin sensitivity by increasing circulating adiponectin levels.	Pioglitazone	6-18	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Canis lupus familiaris	147-158
21514306-3	2011	In this study, we investigated whether pioglitazone improves insulin resistance via upregulation of either 2 distinct receptors for adiponectin (AdipoR1 or AdipoR2) expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	39-51	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Canis lupus familiaris	132-143
21514306-7	2011	Next, we investigated the mRNA expression and regulation of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 after treatment with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	101-113	adiponectin receptor 1	Canis lupus familiaris	60-67
21514306-7	2011	Next, we investigated the mRNA expression and regulation of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 after treatment with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	101-113	adiponectin receptor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	72-79
21514306-8	2011	Interestingly, pioglitazone significantly induced AdipoR2 expression but it did not affect AdipoR1 expression.	Pioglitazone	15-27	adiponectin receptor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	50-57
21514306-9	2011	In addition, adenovirus-mediated PPARgamma expression significantly enhanced the effects of pioglitazone on insulin-stimulated 2-DOG uptake and AdipoR2 expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	92-104	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Canis lupus familiaris	33-42
21514306-10	2011	These data suggest that pioglitazone enhances adiponectin"s autocrine and paracrine actions in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via upregulation of PPARgamma-mediated AdipoR2 expression.	Pioglitazone	24-36	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Canis lupus familiaris	46-57
21514306-10	2011	These data suggest that pioglitazone enhances adiponectin"s autocrine and paracrine actions in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via upregulation of PPARgamma-mediated AdipoR2 expression.	Pioglitazone	24-36	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Canis lupus familiaris	133-142
21514306-10	2011	These data suggest that pioglitazone enhances adiponectin"s autocrine and paracrine actions in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via upregulation of PPARgamma-mediated AdipoR2 expression.	Pioglitazone	24-36	adiponectin receptor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	152-159
21514306-12	2011	SIGNIFICANCE: Our results suggest that pioglitazone increases insulin sensitivity, at least partly, by PPARgamma-AdipoR2-mediated AMPK phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	39-51	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Canis lupus familiaris	103-112
21514306-12	2011	SIGNIFICANCE: Our results suggest that pioglitazone increases insulin sensitivity, at least partly, by PPARgamma-AdipoR2-mediated AMPK phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	39-51	adiponectin receptor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	113-120
21514306-13	2011	In conclusion, the upregulation of AdipoR2 expression may be one of the mechanisms by which pioglitazone improves insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	92-104	adiponectin receptor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	35-42
21376806-10	2011	The findings in this study demonstrate that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists 15-deoxy-Delta12,15 prostaglandin J2 and pioglitazone protect cultured granule cells and microglia from the toxic effects of ethanol.	Pioglitazone	147-159	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	48-96
21143189-11	2011	Pioglitazone accelerated the adipogenic induction and increased adiponectin expression in human ADSCs by 57.9+-5.8-fold (mean+-S.E.M.)	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	64-75
21143189-13	2011	Both in rat and human ADSC-adipocytes, TNF-alpha significantly induced proinflammatory cytokines [MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) and IL-6] and suppressed adiponectin expression, while pioglitazone antagonized these effects.	Pioglitazone	196-208	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	39-48
21291492-10	2011	In vitro, AngII upregulated the expression of sEH and hypertrophy markers, including atrial natriuretic factor and beta-myosin heavy chain, in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes and H9c2 cells, which was attenuated by rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	229-241	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	10-15
21291492-10	2011	In vitro, AngII upregulated the expression of sEH and hypertrophy markers, including atrial natriuretic factor and beta-myosin heavy chain, in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes and H9c2 cells, which was attenuated by rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	229-241	epoxide hydrolase 2	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
22384426-0	2011	Pioglitazone treatment decreases follicular fluid levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	60-87
22384426-0	2011	Pioglitazone treatment decreases follicular fluid levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	92-105
22384426-5	2011	FF tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations at oocyte retrieval were also significantly lower in the pioglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	140-152	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	3-30
22384426-5	2011	FF tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations at oocyte retrieval were also significantly lower in the pioglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	140-152	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	32-41
22384426-5	2011	FF tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations at oocyte retrieval were also significantly lower in the pioglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	140-152	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	47-60
22384426-5	2011	FF tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations at oocyte retrieval were also significantly lower in the pioglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	140-152	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	62-66
22384426-7	2011	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone reduces FF TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels, and may improve ovarian response to COS in patients with PCOS.	Pioglitazone	12-24	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	36-45
22384426-7	2011	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone reduces FF TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels, and may improve ovarian response to COS in patients with PCOS.	Pioglitazone	12-24	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	50-54
21316363-1	2011	In a recent issue of Experimental Neurology, Sauerbeck and colleagues demonstrated that treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist Pioglitazone after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats was protective against mitochondrial dysfunction, cognitive impairment, cortical tissue loss and microglial activation.	Pioglitazone	165-177	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	107-149
21316363-1	2011	In a recent issue of Experimental Neurology, Sauerbeck and colleagues demonstrated that treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist Pioglitazone after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats was protective against mitochondrial dysfunction, cognitive impairment, cortical tissue loss and microglial activation.	Pioglitazone	165-177	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	151-155
21590648-7	2011	Pioglitazone was better than glibenclamide in decreasing HbA (1c), FPG, FPI, lipid profile, and in improving inflammatory parameters such as Hs-CRP, and ADN.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	153-156
21531159-1	2011	Ligands of the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class of compounds, pioglitazone (Actos ) and rosiglitazone (Avandia ) are currently approved for treatment of type 2 diabetes and are known to bind to the PPAR-gamma nuclear receptor subtype.	Pioglitazone	59-71	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	195-205
21501066-0	2011	Pioglitazone reduces secondary brain damage after experimental brain trauma by PPAR-gamma-independent mechanisms.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	79-89
21501066-10	2011	The results indicate that the neuroprotective effects of pioglitazone are not solely related to PPAR-gamma-dependent mechanisms.	Pioglitazone	57-69	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	96-106
21492190-1	2011	Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione class of antidiabetic agent with proven efficacy in increasing insulin sensitivity in humans with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, a syndrome of insulin resistance sharing similarities with equine metabolic syndrome.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
21492190-1	2011	Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione class of antidiabetic agent with proven efficacy in increasing insulin sensitivity in humans with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, a syndrome of insulin resistance sharing similarities with equine metabolic syndrome.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	137-144
21068720-5	2011	Moreover, macrophage PPAR-gamma was required for accelerating pioglitazone-mediated recovery from dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis, providing a cellular target for the anti-inflammatory effects of PPAR-gamma agonists in IBD.	Pioglitazone	62-74	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	21-31
21406603-9	2011	Troglitazone and pioglitazone inhibited TRPM3 (IC(50), 12 muM) but lacked effect on TRPC5, suggesting no relevance of PPAR-gamma or the thiazolidinedione moiety to rosiglitazone stimulation of TRPC5.	Pioglitazone	17-29	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 3	Homo sapiens	40-45
21406603-9	2011	Troglitazone and pioglitazone inhibited TRPM3 (IC(50), 12 muM) but lacked effect on TRPC5, suggesting no relevance of PPAR-gamma or the thiazolidinedione moiety to rosiglitazone stimulation of TRPC5.	Pioglitazone	17-29	latexin	Homo sapiens	58-61
21440606-0	2011	Protective effect of pioglitazone, a PPARgamma ligand, in a 3 nitropropionic acid model of Huntington"s disease.	Pioglitazone	21-33	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	37-46
21440606-4	2011	The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone provides neuroprotection to dopaminergic neurons in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and MPTP-induced Parkinson"s disease experimental models.	Pioglitazone	22-34	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-13
21440606-5	2011	Here, we investigated whether PPARgamma activation by pioglitazone protected striatal cells from mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in a 3 nitropropionic acid (3NP)-induced experimental model of Huntington"s disease (HD).	Pioglitazone	54-66	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	30-39
21440606-7	2011	Additionally, we demonstrated that the nuclear translocation of HDAC3 is regulated by 3NP via IkappaBalpha and that treatment with pioglitazone prevented these effects.	Pioglitazone	131-143	histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens	64-69
21440606-7	2011	Additionally, we demonstrated that the nuclear translocation of HDAC3 is regulated by 3NP via IkappaBalpha and that treatment with pioglitazone prevented these effects.	Pioglitazone	131-143	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	94-106
21454487-6	2011	Remarkably, the addition of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARgamma) ligands pioglitazone (Pio) or rosiglitazone (Rosi) to TGF-beta-treated orbital fibroblasts attenuated HA synthesis and reduced HAS1 and HAS2 mRNA levels.	Pioglitazone	95-107	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	76-85
21454487-6	2011	Remarkably, the addition of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARgamma) ligands pioglitazone (Pio) or rosiglitazone (Rosi) to TGF-beta-treated orbital fibroblasts attenuated HA synthesis and reduced HAS1 and HAS2 mRNA levels.	Pioglitazone	109-112	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	76-85
21615901-0	2011	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha agonist fenofibrate maintains bone mass, while the PPAR gamma agonist pioglitazone exaggerates bone loss, in ovariectomized rats.	Pioglitazone	130-142	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	111-121
21237149-7	2011	Pioglitazone acted by normalization of pulmonary and testicular aconitase, normalization of pulmonary and cardiac nitrotyrosine, reduction of pulmonary and testicular MPO, and by reduction of lipid peroxidation in all tissues examined.	Pioglitazone	0-12	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	167-170
21621740-0	2011	Pioglitazone suppresses advanced glycation end product-induced expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-110
21621740-2	2011	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, has recently been shown to reduce circulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	16-64
21621740-2	2011	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, has recently been shown to reduce circulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	66-75
21621740-2	2011	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, has recently been shown to reduce circulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	0-12	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	132-165
21621740-2	2011	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, has recently been shown to reduce circulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	0-12	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	167-172
21621740-3	2011	In the present study, we investigated the effects of pioglitazone on the expression of local PAI-1 in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by AGEs and the underlying mechanism.	Pioglitazone	53-65	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-98
21621740-5	2011	Pioglitazone was found to down-regulate the AGE-stimulated PAI-1 expression in VSMCs.	Pioglitazone	0-12	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-64
21621740-9	2011	Moreover, pioglitazone was also found to inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK1/2.	Pioglitazone	10-22	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	72-78
21621740-10	2011	Taken together, it was concluded that pioglitazone could inhibit AGE-induced PAI-1 expression, which was mediated by the ERK1/2 and PPARgamma pathways.	Pioglitazone	38-50	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-82
21621740-10	2011	Taken together, it was concluded that pioglitazone could inhibit AGE-induced PAI-1 expression, which was mediated by the ERK1/2 and PPARgamma pathways.	Pioglitazone	38-50	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	121-127
21621740-10	2011	Taken together, it was concluded that pioglitazone could inhibit AGE-induced PAI-1 expression, which was mediated by the ERK1/2 and PPARgamma pathways.	Pioglitazone	38-50	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	132-141
21396644-11	2011	Telomerase activation by pioglitazone in cultivated cells was prevented by Akt inhibitors.	Pioglitazone	25-37	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	75-78
21396644-13	2011	MNC from pioglitazone-treated mice exhibited reduced apoptosis (AnnexinV-FACS).	Pioglitazone	9-21	acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1	Mus musculus	73-77
21360043-0	2011	Pioglitazone limits myocardial infarct size, activates Akt, and upregulates cPLA2 and COX-2 in a PPAR-gamma-independent manner.	Pioglitazone	0-12	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	55-58
21360043-0	2011	Pioglitazone limits myocardial infarct size, activates Akt, and upregulates cPLA2 and COX-2 in a PPAR-gamma-independent manner.	Pioglitazone	0-12	phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent)	Mus musculus	76-81
21360043-0	2011	Pioglitazone limits myocardial infarct size, activates Akt, and upregulates cPLA2 and COX-2 in a PPAR-gamma-independent manner.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	86-91
21360043-0	2011	Pioglitazone limits myocardial infarct size, activates Akt, and upregulates cPLA2 and COX-2 in a PPAR-gamma-independent manner.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	97-107
21360043-1	2011	Pioglitazone (PIO), a PPAR-gamma agonist, limits myocardial infarct size by activating Akt and upregulating cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	22-32
21360043-1	2011	Pioglitazone (PIO), a PPAR-gamma agonist, limits myocardial infarct size by activating Akt and upregulating cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2.	Pioglitazone	0-12	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	87-90
21360043-1	2011	Pioglitazone (PIO), a PPAR-gamma agonist, limits myocardial infarct size by activating Akt and upregulating cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2.	Pioglitazone	0-12	phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent)	Mus musculus	108-145
21360043-1	2011	Pioglitazone (PIO), a PPAR-gamma agonist, limits myocardial infarct size by activating Akt and upregulating cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	151-173
21360043-1	2011	Pioglitazone (PIO), a PPAR-gamma agonist, limits myocardial infarct size by activating Akt and upregulating cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2.	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	22-32
21360043-1	2011	Pioglitazone (PIO), a PPAR-gamma agonist, limits myocardial infarct size by activating Akt and upregulating cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2.	Pioglitazone	14-17	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	87-90
21360043-1	2011	Pioglitazone (PIO), a PPAR-gamma agonist, limits myocardial infarct size by activating Akt and upregulating cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2.	Pioglitazone	14-17	phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent)	Mus musculus	108-145
21360043-1	2011	Pioglitazone (PIO), a PPAR-gamma agonist, limits myocardial infarct size by activating Akt and upregulating cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2.	Pioglitazone	14-17	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	151-173
21875310-13	2011	Insulin sensitizing agents such as pioglitazone and anti-oxidant agents such as vitamin E show some promise in improving liver histology in patients with NASH, however, the long-term benefit of these medications has not been demonstrated.	Pioglitazone	35-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
21255215-9	2011	Participants assigned to pioglitazone gained more weight and experienced greater improvements in some coronary risk measures [high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, adiponectin and C-reactive protein (CRP)] than did those assigned to metformin.	Pioglitazone	25-37	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	185-196
21255215-9	2011	Participants assigned to pioglitazone gained more weight and experienced greater improvements in some coronary risk measures [high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, adiponectin and C-reactive protein (CRP)] than did those assigned to metformin.	Pioglitazone	25-37	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	201-219
21255215-9	2011	Participants assigned to pioglitazone gained more weight and experienced greater improvements in some coronary risk measures [high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, adiponectin and C-reactive protein (CRP)] than did those assigned to metformin.	Pioglitazone	25-37	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	221-224
21722594-5	2011	One focus was on the impact of insulin-sensitizing therapy with pioglitazone on the pancreatic beta-cell load.	Pioglitazone	64-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-38
21722594-6	2011	RESULTS: Treatment with pioglitazone resulted in significant decreases in elevated proinsulin levels in type 2 diabetes patients.	Pioglitazone	24-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-93
20803306-10	2011	Addition of 40 muM PGZ significantly decreased the fraction of clonogenic cells in soft-agar assays, as compared with 2.8 muM SMV alone.	Pioglitazone	19-22	latexin	Homo sapiens	15-18
21068720-5	2011	Moreover, macrophage PPAR-gamma was required for accelerating pioglitazone-mediated recovery from dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis, providing a cellular target for the anti-inflammatory effects of PPAR-gamma agonists in IBD.	Pioglitazone	62-74	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	201-211
21352843-2	2011	The present study evaluated the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone on 11HSD1 vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and compared the effect with that of corticosterone.	Pioglitazone	111-123	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	42-90
21595275-3	2011	Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione class agent, is an insulin sensitizer and alogliptin belongs to DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitor class agents, which promote postprandial insulin secretion and suppress glucagon secretion in a blood glucose dependent fashion.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
21595275-3	2011	Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione class agent, is an insulin sensitizer and alogliptin belongs to DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitor class agents, which promote postprandial insulin secretion and suppress glucagon secretion in a blood glucose dependent fashion.	Pioglitazone	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-127
21595275-3	2011	Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione class agent, is an insulin sensitizer and alogliptin belongs to DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitor class agents, which promote postprandial insulin secretion and suppress glucagon secretion in a blood glucose dependent fashion.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	180-187
21352843-2	2011	The present study evaluated the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone on 11HSD1 vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and compared the effect with that of corticosterone.	Pioglitazone	111-123	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	92-101
21352843-3	2011	Using primary cultures of VSMC derived from rat aorta, we showed that pioglitazone significantly increases 11HSD1 activity and mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner with EC(50) 243 nM and that this effect is not blocked by RU 486, an antagonist of the glucocorticoid receptor.	Pioglitazone	70-82	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	257-280
21352843-5	2011	Pioglitazone positively regulated transcription of two CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs), specifically C/EBPalpha a potent activator of 11HSD1 gene transcription in some cells types, and C/EBPzeta, whereas C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta were not changed.	Pioglitazone	0-12	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
21352843-5	2011	Pioglitazone positively regulated transcription of two CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs), specifically C/EBPalpha a potent activator of 11HSD1 gene transcription in some cells types, and C/EBPzeta, whereas C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta were not changed.	Pioglitazone	0-12	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein delta	Rattus norvegicus	227-237
21325145-1	2011	INTRODUCTION: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists rosiglitazone and pioglitazone activate glucocorticoid receptors and have an immunomodulatory effect.	Pioglitazone	94-106	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	18-66
20884641-11	2011	Feeding wild-type mice with pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist, reduced cell length.	Pioglitazone	28-40	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	44-54
21276964-0	2011	Activation of nuclear PPARgamma receptors by the antidiabetic agent pioglitazone suppresses alcohol drinking and relapse to alcohol seeking.	Pioglitazone	68-80	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	22-31
21276964-6	2011	RESULTS: We showed that activation of PPARgamma receptors by pioglitazone (0, 10, and 30 mg/kg) and rosiglitazone (0, 10 and 30 mg/kg) given orally selectively reduced alcohol drinking.	Pioglitazone	61-73	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	38-47
21447663-6	2011	Cox regression-generated hazard ratios (HRs) compared pioglitazone use with nonpioglitazone use adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, diabetes medications, A1C, heart failure, household income, renal function, other bladder conditions, and smoking.	Pioglitazone	54-66	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	0-3
22416367-3	2011	Receiving pioglitazone also significantly reduces the concentration of immunoreactive insulin and blood glucose levels, significantly altered lipid metabolism, which generally leads to a lower level of systemic inflammation, metabolism and reduces the severity of insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	10-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	86-93
22416367-3	2011	Receiving pioglitazone also significantly reduces the concentration of immunoreactive insulin and blood glucose levels, significantly altered lipid metabolism, which generally leads to a lower level of systemic inflammation, metabolism and reduces the severity of insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	10-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	264-271
21493225-12	2011	Eosinophils infiltration and the levels of interleukin-5 and interferon-gamma in nasal cavity lavage fluid and sera immunoglobulin E were also markedly decreased by pioglitazone (P &lt; .001).	Pioglitazone	165-177	interleukin 5	Mus musculus	43-56
21493225-12	2011	Eosinophils infiltration and the levels of interleukin-5 and interferon-gamma in nasal cavity lavage fluid and sera immunoglobulin E were also markedly decreased by pioglitazone (P &lt; .001).	Pioglitazone	165-177	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	61-77
21493225-13	2011	The expression of Foxp3 mRNA and the population of Tregs were significantly increased by pioglitazone (P &lt; .05).	Pioglitazone	89-101	forkhead box P3	Mus musculus	18-23
21402934-1	2011	MitoNEET is a recently identified drug target for a commonly prescribed diabetes drug, Pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	87-99	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	0-8
21255596-1	2011	Pioglitazone hydrochloride (PIO), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, was administered orally for 85 weeks at 16 mg/kg/day to male rats fed either a diet containing 1.5% ammonium chloride (acid-forming diet) or a control diet to investigate the effects of urinary acidification induced by the acid-forming diet on the tumorigenic potential of PIO in the urinary bladder.	Pioglitazone	0-26	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	36-84
21255596-1	2011	Pioglitazone hydrochloride (PIO), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, was administered orally for 85 weeks at 16 mg/kg/day to male rats fed either a diet containing 1.5% ammonium chloride (acid-forming diet) or a control diet to investigate the effects of urinary acidification induced by the acid-forming diet on the tumorigenic potential of PIO in the urinary bladder.	Pioglitazone	0-26	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	86-95
21185913-0	2011	Neuroprotective effects of pioglitazone in a rat model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia are associated with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-mediated suppression of nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	27-39	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	112-160
21185913-1	2011	Previous studies have demonstrated that pioglitazone (Piog), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, inhibits ischemia-induced brain injury.	Pioglitazone	40-52	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	63-111
21185913-1	2011	Previous studies have demonstrated that pioglitazone (Piog), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, inhibits ischemia-induced brain injury.	Pioglitazone	40-52	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	113-122
21185913-3	2011	Because NF-kappaB is known to play a major role in the pathophysiology of brain ischemia, the present study was undertaken to elucidate whether pioglitazone attenuates ischemic neuronal damage through PPARgamma-mediated suppression of NF-kappaB apoptotic signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	144-156	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	201-210
21339485-8	2011	When the reduced lipid level was combined with the administration of pioglitazone to simulate the clinical aggressive lipid management and proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist treatment, the rate of depletion of plaque CD68(+) cells was unaffected, but there was a further increase in their expression of antiinflammatory macrophage markers.	Pioglitazone	69-81	CD68 antigen	Mus musculus	228-232
21339485-11	2011	In addition, plaque CD68(+) cells became less inflammatory, an effect enhanced by treatment with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	97-109	CD68 antigen	Mus musculus	20-24
21563652-6	2011	Pioglitazone (PGZ) is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg), itself a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, responsible for the modulation of a number of metabolic pathways, including cell differentiation, metabolism of lipids and inflammation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	36-84
21563652-6	2011	Pioglitazone (PGZ) is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg), itself a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, responsible for the modulation of a number of metabolic pathways, including cell differentiation, metabolism of lipids and inflammation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	86-91
21563652-6	2011	Pioglitazone (PGZ) is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg), itself a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, responsible for the modulation of a number of metabolic pathways, including cell differentiation, metabolism of lipids and inflammation.	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	36-84
21563652-6	2011	Pioglitazone (PGZ) is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg), itself a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, responsible for the modulation of a number of metabolic pathways, including cell differentiation, metabolism of lipids and inflammation.	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	86-91
21289232-5	2011	Pioglitazone therapy in type 2 diabetes was associated with decreased expression of IL-1beta, IL-1Ra, and IL-10 in EAT; decreased IL-10 in SAT; and increased PPARgamma in SAT.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	84-92
21289232-5	2011	Pioglitazone therapy in type 2 diabetes was associated with decreased expression of IL-1beta, IL-1Ra, and IL-10 in EAT; decreased IL-10 in SAT; and increased PPARgamma in SAT.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 1 receptor antagonist	Homo sapiens	94-100
21289232-5	2011	Pioglitazone therapy in type 2 diabetes was associated with decreased expression of IL-1beta, IL-1Ra, and IL-10 in EAT; decreased IL-10 in SAT; and increased PPARgamma in SAT.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	106-111
21289232-5	2011	Pioglitazone therapy in type 2 diabetes was associated with decreased expression of IL-1beta, IL-1Ra, and IL-10 in EAT; decreased IL-10 in SAT; and increased PPARgamma in SAT.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	130-135
21289232-5	2011	Pioglitazone therapy in type 2 diabetes was associated with decreased expression of IL-1beta, IL-1Ra, and IL-10 in EAT; decreased IL-10 in SAT; and increased PPARgamma in SAT.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	158-167
20824499-6	2011	RESULTS: Treatment with pioglitazone decreased the level of amylase activity, proinflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-alpha, ameliorated pancreatic histological score, and upregulated the expression of PPARgamma mRNA.	Pioglitazone	24-36	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	102-106
20824499-6	2011	RESULTS: Treatment with pioglitazone decreased the level of amylase activity, proinflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-alpha, ameliorated pancreatic histological score, and upregulated the expression of PPARgamma mRNA.	Pioglitazone	24-36	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	111-120
20824499-6	2011	RESULTS: Treatment with pioglitazone decreased the level of amylase activity, proinflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-alpha, ameliorated pancreatic histological score, and upregulated the expression of PPARgamma mRNA.	Pioglitazone	24-36	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	199-208
20824499-8	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone can be used as a therapeutic drug and relieve the damages caused by SAP, which suggests PPARgamma ligand-pioglitazone offers a potent approach for the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis.	Pioglitazone	13-25	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	114-123
20824499-8	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone can be used as a therapeutic drug and relieve the damages caused by SAP, which suggests PPARgamma ligand-pioglitazone offers a potent approach for the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis.	Pioglitazone	131-143	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	114-123
21255780-6	2011	A multiple regression analysis indicated that increasing of HMW-Ad after pioglitazone predicted increased FMD.	Pioglitazone	73-85	cilia and flagella associated protein 97	Homo sapiens	60-63
21373272-5	2011	The gastric expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 increased significantly in rats treated ischemia-reperfusion, and these increases were significantly inhibited by treatment with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	233-245	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	26-53
21373272-5	2011	The gastric expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 increased significantly in rats treated ischemia-reperfusion, and these increases were significantly inhibited by treatment with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	233-245	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-103
21373272-7	2011	The network including calnexin, endoplasmic reticulum stress protein, heat shock proteins, and proteasome genes was induced by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	127-139	calnexin	Rattus norvegicus	22-30
20512604-8	2011	Our molecular docking studies predicted that ABA and other PPAR gamma agonists (e.g., rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) share a binding site on the surface of LANCL2.	Pioglitazone	104-116	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	59-69
20512604-8	2011	Our molecular docking studies predicted that ABA and other PPAR gamma agonists (e.g., rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) share a binding site on the surface of LANCL2.	Pioglitazone	104-116	LanC like 2	Homo sapiens	157-163
21314724-0	2011	Effects of the insulin-sensitizing drug pioglitazone and lipopolysaccharide administration on insulin sensitivity in horses.	Pioglitazone	40-52	INS	Equus caballus	15-22
21314724-0	2011	Effects of the insulin-sensitizing drug pioglitazone and lipopolysaccharide administration on insulin sensitivity in horses.	Pioglitazone	40-52	INS	Equus caballus	94-101
21314724-2	2011	Pioglitazone (PG) is an insulin-sensitizing drug used in humans that is absorbed after oral administration to horses.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
21314724-2	2011	Pioglitazone (PG) is an insulin-sensitizing drug used in humans that is absorbed after oral administration to horses.	Pioglitazone	14-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
21314724-3	2011	HYPOTHESIS: PG treatment will increase insulin sensitivity and transcript abundance of glucose and lipid transporters in adipose and skeletal muscle tissues.	Pioglitazone	12-14	INS	Equus caballus	39-46
21221726-0	2011	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone inhibits beta-catenin-mediated glioma cell growth and invasion.	Pioglitazone	57-69	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-48
21221726-0	2011	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone inhibits beta-catenin-mediated glioma cell growth and invasion.	Pioglitazone	57-69	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	79-91
21221726-4	2011	In this study, we identified pioglitazone, one PPARgamma ligand in particular, suppressed human glioma cells proliferation, migration, and induced glioma cells apoptosis.	Pioglitazone	29-41	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	47-56
21221726-5	2011	Concomitantly, expression level of beta-catenin protein, a key molecule in carcinogenesis, was decreased in glioma cells treated with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	134-146	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	35-47
21221726-6	2011	Noteworthy, knockdown of beta-catenin expression using siRNA technology mimicked the anti-neoplastic potency of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	112-124	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	25-37
21221726-7	2011	These results indicate that beta-catenin is one of the mediators for pioglitazone to suppress glioma cells growth and invasion.	Pioglitazone	69-81	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	28-40
21221726-8	2011	Due to its capacity to counteract beta-catenin and glioma cell proliferation and migration, pioglitazone represents a promising drug for adjuvant therapy of glioma and other highly migratory tumor entities.	Pioglitazone	92-104	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	34-46
21114962-5	2011	Serum levels of adiponectin, an adipose tissue-derived adipokine, were not altered by CSA but showed significant elevations in rats treated with pioglitazone or pioglitazone plus CSA.	Pioglitazone	145-157	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	16-27
21114962-5	2011	Serum levels of adiponectin, an adipose tissue-derived adipokine, were not altered by CSA but showed significant elevations in rats treated with pioglitazone or pioglitazone plus CSA.	Pioglitazone	161-173	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	16-27
21347323-0	2011	The epsilon3 and epsilon4 alleles of human APOE differentially affect tau phosphorylation in hyperinsulinemic and pioglitazone treated mice.	Pioglitazone	114-126	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	43-47
21347323-12	2011	We found no changes in APP processing however the levels of soluble amyloid beta 40 was reduced in APOE knockout animals treated with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	134-146	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	99-103
21339857-9	2011	Clinically, the pioglitazone treated group showed significant improvement in DAS28 (P = 0.001) and C-reactive protein (P &lt; 0.0001) compared to placebo group.	Pioglitazone	16-28	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	99-117
21339857-10	2011	CONCLUSION: The concomitant use of the PPAR gamma agonist pioglitazone and methotrexate appears to be promising therapeutic strategy for rheumatoid arthritis patients.	Pioglitazone	58-70	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	39-49
21147840-4	2011	In the current study, we determined that pioglitazone (PIO), a PPAR-gamma agonist, decreases polycystic kidney and liver disease progression in the polycystic kidney rat, an orthologous model of human ARPKD.	Pioglitazone	41-53	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
21147840-4	2011	In the current study, we determined that pioglitazone (PIO), a PPAR-gamma agonist, decreases polycystic kidney and liver disease progression in the polycystic kidney rat, an orthologous model of human ARPKD.	Pioglitazone	41-53	PKHD1 ciliary IPT domain containing fibrocystin/polyductin	Homo sapiens	201-206
21147840-4	2011	In the current study, we determined that pioglitazone (PIO), a PPAR-gamma agonist, decreases polycystic kidney and liver disease progression in the polycystic kidney rat, an orthologous model of human ARPKD.	Pioglitazone	55-58	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
21147840-4	2011	In the current study, we determined that pioglitazone (PIO), a PPAR-gamma agonist, decreases polycystic kidney and liver disease progression in the polycystic kidney rat, an orthologous model of human ARPKD.	Pioglitazone	55-58	PKHD1 ciliary IPT domain containing fibrocystin/polyductin	Homo sapiens	201-206
21088248-0	2011	Vascular smooth muscle cell peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma mediates pioglitazone-reduced vascular lesion formation.	Pioglitazone	86-98	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	28-76
21088248-12	2011	VSMC PPARgamma also mediates pioglitazone-reduced vascular lesion formation.	Pioglitazone	29-41	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	5-14
21106874-5	2011	High-fat + pioglitazone mice were shorter, their tibial growth and the growth plate height reduced, and their insulin lower than those of high-fat mice.	Pioglitazone	11-23	insulin	Homo sapiens	110-117
21125653-4	2011	Adult rats treated with pioglitazone, a specific ligand of PPARgamma, had elevated numbers of proliferating progenitor cells in the subventricular zone and the rostral migratory stream.	Pioglitazone	24-36	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	59-68
21125653-7	2011	Neurosphere assays revealed significant increases in the number of neurosphere forming cells from pioglitazone- and rosiglitazone (two specific ligands of PPARgamma receptor)-treated cultures that exhibited enhanced capacity for cell migration and differentiation.	Pioglitazone	98-110	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	155-164
21125653-8	2011	The effects of pioglitazone were blocked by the PPARgamma receptor antagonists GW9662 and T0070907, suggesting that its effects are mediated by a mechanism dependent on PPARgamma activation.	Pioglitazone	15-27	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	48-57
21125653-8	2011	The effects of pioglitazone were blocked by the PPARgamma receptor antagonists GW9662 and T0070907, suggesting that its effects are mediated by a mechanism dependent on PPARgamma activation.	Pioglitazone	15-27	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	169-178
21034856-2	2011	OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that atrial fibrosis and enhanced vulnerability to AF evoked by pressure overload can be attenuated by pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, via suppression of inflammatory profibrotic signals.	Pioglitazone	167-179	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	183-231
21034856-5	2011	RESULTS: Western blot analysis revealed that AAC enhanced expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, transforming growth factor-beta1 and alpha-smooth muscle actin in the left atrium (LA), which was suppressed by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	226-238	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	72-112
21034856-5	2011	RESULTS: Western blot analysis revealed that AAC enhanced expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, transforming growth factor-beta1 and alpha-smooth muscle actin in the left atrium (LA), which was suppressed by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	226-238	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-146
21034856-5	2011	RESULTS: Western blot analysis revealed that AAC enhanced expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, transforming growth factor-beta1 and alpha-smooth muscle actin in the left atrium (LA), which was suppressed by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	226-238	actin gamma 2, smooth muscle	Rattus norvegicus	151-176
21034856-7	2011	Gelatin zymography demonstrated that activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 was increased by AAC, which was suppressed by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	122-134	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Rattus norvegicus	49-75
21034856-13	2011	The results also suggest that pioglitazone is effective at attenuating atrial fibrosis, possibly via suppression of MCP-1-mediated inflammatory profibrotic processes.	Pioglitazone	30-42	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	116-121
20206950-2	2011	The aims of this study were (1) to study the mechanisms underlying the induction of CXCL10 secretion by cytokines in GD thyrocytes; (2) to test the effect of pioglitazone on IFNgamma-inducible CXCL10 secretion in primary thyrocytes, orbital fibroblasts, and preadipocytes from GD and GO patients; and (3) to evaluate the mechanism of action of thiazolidinediones on nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation.	Pioglitazone	158-170	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	174-182
20206950-4	2011	To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing that cytokines are able to activate NF-kappaB in Graves thyrocytes and a parallel inhibitory effect of pioglitazone both on CXCL10 chemokine secretion and NF-kappaB activation.	Pioglitazone	165-177	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10	Homo sapiens	186-192
24843462-1	2011	UNLABELLED: Aims/Introduction:  The present study was designed to determine the effects of pioglitazone on glycemic control and atherosclerosis in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes on insulin therapy.	Pioglitazone	91-103	insulin	Homo sapiens	198-205
21373272-4	2011	The protective effect of PPAR-gamma ligands, pioglitazone or 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2), on gastric ischemia-reperfusion injury was reversed by the co-administration with PPAR-gamma antagonist.	Pioglitazone	45-57	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
21373272-4	2011	The protective effect of PPAR-gamma ligands, pioglitazone or 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2), on gastric ischemia-reperfusion injury was reversed by the co-administration with PPAR-gamma antagonist.	Pioglitazone	45-57	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	185-195
24843462-7	2011	The insulin dose lowered by 0.04 +- 0.10 units/kg/day in the pioglitazone group and increased by 0.03 +- 0.10 units/kg/day in the control group (P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	61-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
24843462-8	2011	The number of insulin injections decreased by 0.1 +- 0.6 times/day in the pioglitazone group and increased by 0.2 +- 0.4 times/day in the control group (P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	74-86	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
24843462-10	2011	CONCLUSIONS:   These findings show that pioglitazone is useful in improving glycemic control and preventing the progression of atherosclerosis in poorly-controlled type 2 diabetics on insulin therapy.	Pioglitazone	40-52	insulin	Homo sapiens	184-191
21106862-6	2011	Pioglitazone suppressed angiotensin II-induced aldosterone secretion and CYP11B2 expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	24-38
21106862-6	2011	Pioglitazone suppressed angiotensin II-induced aldosterone secretion and CYP11B2 expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 2	Homo sapiens	73-80
21106862-8	2011	PPARgamma overexpression enhanced pioglitazone-mediated CYP11B2 transrepression.	Pioglitazone	34-46	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
21106862-8	2011	PPARgamma overexpression enhanced pioglitazone-mediated CYP11B2 transrepression.	Pioglitazone	34-46	cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 2	Homo sapiens	56-63
21106862-9	2011	The pioglitazone-mediated suppression of aldosterone secretion and CYP11B2 expression were canceled by PPARgamma L466A/E469A mutant.	Pioglitazone	4-16	cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 2	Homo sapiens	67-74
21106862-9	2011	The pioglitazone-mediated suppression of aldosterone secretion and CYP11B2 expression were canceled by PPARgamma L466A/E469A mutant.	Pioglitazone	4-16	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	103-112
21106862-10	2011	Pioglitazone also suppressed potassium-mediated CYP11B2 induction, but not N6-2"-O-dibutyladenosine-3",5"-cyclic monophosphate stimulation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 2	Homo sapiens	48-55
21106862-13	2011	Pioglitazone suppressed ionomycin and a truncated constitutively active form Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase I (CaMKI)-mediated CYP11B2 transcriptional activation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase I	Homo sapiens	77-113
21106862-13	2011	Pioglitazone suppressed ionomycin and a truncated constitutively active form Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase I (CaMKI)-mediated CYP11B2 transcriptional activation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase I	Homo sapiens	115-120
21106862-13	2011	Pioglitazone suppressed ionomycin and a truncated constitutively active form Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase I (CaMKI)-mediated CYP11B2 transcriptional activation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 2	Homo sapiens	131-138
21106862-14	2011	A CaMK inhibitor KN-93 attenuated pioglitazone-mediated CYP11B2 transrepression.	Pioglitazone	34-46	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase I	Homo sapiens	2-6
21106862-14	2011	A CaMK inhibitor KN-93 attenuated pioglitazone-mediated CYP11B2 transrepression.	Pioglitazone	34-46	cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 2	Homo sapiens	56-63
20951129-1	2011	UNLABELLED: Pioglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), which is widely used in treatment of type 2 diabetes, has shown some therapeutic effect in Alzheimer"s disease.	Pioglitazone	12-24	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	40-88
20951129-1	2011	UNLABELLED: Pioglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), which is widely used in treatment of type 2 diabetes, has shown some therapeutic effect in Alzheimer"s disease.	Pioglitazone	12-24	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	90-99
20959530-0	2011	Exercise training augments the peripheral insulin-sensitizing effects of pioglitazone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity.	Pioglitazone	73-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	42-49
21211686-7	2011	RESULTS: Pioglitazone-treated patients demonstrated greater increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and reductions in glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein.	Pioglitazone	9-21	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	176-194
20959530-0	2011	Exercise training augments the peripheral insulin-sensitizing effects of pioglitazone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity.	Pioglitazone	73-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	114-121
20837824-1	2011	OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone in nondiabetic patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and to explore treatment effect sizes on clinical outcomes.	Pioglitazone	99-111	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	42-90
20959530-3	2011	We evaluated whether the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone with exercise training improves central and peripheral insulin sensitivity more than pioglitazone alone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity.	Pioglitazone	82-94	insulin	Homo sapiens	150-157
20959530-3	2011	We evaluated whether the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone with exercise training improves central and peripheral insulin sensitivity more than pioglitazone alone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity.	Pioglitazone	82-94	insulin	Homo sapiens	227-234
20959530-8	2011	Exercise training augmented the beneficial effects of pioglitazone on peripheral insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-88
20959530-9	2011	Greater improvements in peripheral insulin sensitivity were associated with reductions in total body and limb adipose content rather than increases in limb adiposity or pioglitazone-induced increases in adiponectin concentration.	Pioglitazone	169-181	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	203-214
20959530-10	2011	We conclude that supplementing pioglitazone with increased physical activity improved insulin sensitivity more effectively than pioglitazone alone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity.	Pioglitazone	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	86-93
20959530-10	2011	We conclude that supplementing pioglitazone with increased physical activity improved insulin sensitivity more effectively than pioglitazone alone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity.	Pioglitazone	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	175-182
21532147-2	2011	In the present study, we investigated the effects of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, on AGE-induced rat VSMC growth and the underlying mechanism.	Pioglitazone	53-65	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	69-117
21532147-2	2011	In the present study, we investigated the effects of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, on AGE-induced rat VSMC growth and the underlying mechanism.	Pioglitazone	53-65	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	119-128
21532159-2	2011	Losartan (angiotensin II receptor blocker, ARB) and pioglitazone (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, PPARgamma agonist) have been shown to confer renoprotection.	Pioglitazone	52-64	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	66-114
21532147-4	2011	Pretreatment of pioglitazone not only prevented the down-regulation of PPARgamma, but inhibited VSMC proliferation and prevented S-phase entry of cell via a G0-G1 block in the presence of AGEs.	Pioglitazone	16-28	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	71-80
21532159-2	2011	Losartan (angiotensin II receptor blocker, ARB) and pioglitazone (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, PPARgamma agonist) have been shown to confer renoprotection.	Pioglitazone	52-64	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	116-125
21532147-7	2011	Notably, we demonstrated that pretreatment of pioglitazone significantly attenuated AGE-induced ROS and ERK1/2 activation.	Pioglitazone	46-58	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	104-110
21532147-8	2011	Collectively, these results suggest that pioglitazone inhibits AGE-induced VSMC proliferation via increasing PPARgamma expression and inhibiting ROS/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	41-53	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	109-118
21532147-8	2011	Collectively, these results suggest that pioglitazone inhibits AGE-induced VSMC proliferation via increasing PPARgamma expression and inhibiting ROS/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	41-53	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	149-155
21307572-5	2011	The disassociation constants (Kd) of the PPARgamma synthesized ligands, pioglitazone (221 nM), troglitazone (83.0 nM), and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-DeltaPGJ(2)) (156 nM), were determined by this method.	Pioglitazone	72-84	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	41-50
21720023-4	2011	Intraperitoneal injection of both bezafibrate and pioglitazone induced FGF21 mRNA expression in the mouse liver.	Pioglitazone	50-62	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	71-76
21720023-5	2011	Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone as well as bezafibrate significantly induced FGF21 mRNA expression in cultured mouse hepatocytes.	Pioglitazone	18-30	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	76-81
21720023-8	2011	Our findings suggest that PPARgamma-activating antidiabetic drugs such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone induce FGF21 expression in mouse and human hepatocytes, and that PPARgamma rather than PPARalpha might play an important role in human FGF21 production.	Pioglitazone	92-104	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	26-35
21720023-8	2011	Our findings suggest that PPARgamma-activating antidiabetic drugs such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone induce FGF21 expression in mouse and human hepatocytes, and that PPARgamma rather than PPARalpha might play an important role in human FGF21 production.	Pioglitazone	92-104	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	112-117
21720023-8	2011	Our findings suggest that PPARgamma-activating antidiabetic drugs such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone induce FGF21 expression in mouse and human hepatocytes, and that PPARgamma rather than PPARalpha might play an important role in human FGF21 production.	Pioglitazone	92-104	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	170-179
21720023-8	2011	Our findings suggest that PPARgamma-activating antidiabetic drugs such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone induce FGF21 expression in mouse and human hepatocytes, and that PPARgamma rather than PPARalpha might play an important role in human FGF21 production.	Pioglitazone	92-104	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	240-245
21325726-2	2011	Thiazolidinediones, such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, are synthetic agonists selective for PPARgamma and have been used in the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	46-58	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	97-106
22178942-12	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone reduce both respiration intensity and ROS production, acutely and by a probable PPARgamma-independent way, through inhibition of complex I and III activities.	Pioglitazone	13-25	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	124-133
20951632-2	2011	Pioglitazone binding to human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated at different temperatures (290, 300 and 310 K) by fluorescence spectroscopic method.	Pioglitazone	0-12	albumin	Homo sapiens	30-43
21480818-0	2011	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 expression in leukocytes and their association with polymorphisms and bone markers in diabetic individuals treated with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	166-178	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-27
21498915-0	2011	Comparison of metabolic profile and adiponectin level with pioglitazone versus voglibose in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus associated with metabolic syndrome.	Pioglitazone	59-71	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	36-47
21498915-7	2011	The level of serum adiponectin especially high-molecular weight adiponectin markedly increased in the pioglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	102-114	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	19-30
21498915-7	2011	The level of serum adiponectin especially high-molecular weight adiponectin markedly increased in the pioglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	102-114	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	64-75
21498915-9	2011	These results suggest that voglibose is superior in improving obesity, while pioglitazone is superior in ameliorating insulin sensitivity and increasing serum adiponectin in patients with an early stage of T2DM associated with MetS.	Pioglitazone	77-89	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	159-170
20961967-0	2011	Effect of pioglitazone on serum concentrations of osteoprotegerin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	10-22	TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Homo sapiens	50-65
20961967-3	2011	We investigated the relationship between OPG and inflammatory cytokines and the effects of pioglitazone (a PPARgamma (PPARG) agonist) versus metformin on serum OPG levels in type 2 diabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	91-103	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	107-116
20961967-3	2011	We investigated the relationship between OPG and inflammatory cytokines and the effects of pioglitazone (a PPARgamma (PPARG) agonist) versus metformin on serum OPG levels in type 2 diabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	91-103	TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Homo sapiens	160-163
20961967-11	2011	The adiponectin concentration was increased (P&lt;0.05), and OPG and CRP levels were decreased in the pioglitazone group (P&lt;0.05), but were unchanged in the metformin group.	Pioglitazone	102-114	TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Homo sapiens	61-64
20961967-11	2011	The adiponectin concentration was increased (P&lt;0.05), and OPG and CRP levels were decreased in the pioglitazone group (P&lt;0.05), but were unchanged in the metformin group.	Pioglitazone	102-114	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	69-72
20961967-12	2011	The changes in serum OPG in the pioglitazone group showed significant correlation with changes in FPG, HbAlc, and adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	32-44	TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Homo sapiens	21-24
20961967-12	2011	The changes in serum OPG in the pioglitazone group showed significant correlation with changes in FPG, HbAlc, and adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	32-44	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	114-125
20961967-13	2011	CONCLUSIONS: In type 2 diabetic patients, pioglitazone decreases OPG levels, and this decrease in OPG levels might be associated with the increase in adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	42-54	TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Homo sapiens	65-68
20961967-13	2011	CONCLUSIONS: In type 2 diabetic patients, pioglitazone decreases OPG levels, and this decrease in OPG levels might be associated with the increase in adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	42-54	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	150-161
20965168-3	2011	In the current study we hypothesized that treatment with the PPAR ligand Pioglitazone would promote neuroprotection following a rat controlled cortical impact model of TBI.	Pioglitazone	73-85	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
20965168-14	2011	These studies provide further support for the use of PPAR ligands, specifically Pioglitazone, for neuroprotection.	Pioglitazone	80-92	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	53-57
20684955-14	2011	CONCLUSION(S): In young women with PCOS, treatment with metformin or pioglitazone for 6 months induces a similar beneficial effect on endothelial function; this may be partially attributed to an improvement in insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	69-81	insulin	Homo sapiens	210-217
21225393-8	2011	Modification of insulin resistance with pioglitazone and metformin, lipid-lowering therapy with a statin, lowering blood pressure to &lt;130/80 mmHg, and antiplatelet therapy should be considered in individuals with DM.	Pioglitazone	40-52	insulin	Homo sapiens	16-23
21484566-1	2011	The thiazolidinedione PPAR-gamma activator drugs rosiglitazone and pioglitazone suppress insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	67-79	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	22-32
21484566-6	2011	PPAR-delta activators increase the capacity for fat oxidation in skeletal muscle.Clinical experience with bezafibrate, which activates PPAR-delta and -alpha, and studies on the PPAR-alpha/delta activator tetradecylthioacetic acid, the PPAR-delta activator GW501516, and combinations of the PPAR-alpha activator fenofibrate with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone have encouraged attempts to develop single molecules that activate two or all three PPARs.	Pioglitazone	345-357	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	0-10
20571524-0	2011	Intact memory in TGF-beta1 transgenic mice featuring chronic cerebrovascular deficit: recovery with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	100-112	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	17-26
20571524-3	2011	We further assessed the impact of short, late therapy in elderly animals with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) or the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	184-196	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	127-175
20571524-10	2011	Our data further highlight the ability of pioglitazone to protect the cerebrovasculature marked by TGF-beta1 increase, aging, fibrosis, and antioxidant resistance, thus of high relevance for AD patients.	Pioglitazone	42-54	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	99-108
21691037-4	2011	Compared with the placebo group, plasma insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index, and plasma triglyceride levels were significantly lower while plasma adiponectin levels were significantly higher in the pioglitazone- and irbesartan-treated groups, but not in the valsartan-treated group.	Pioglitazone	228-240	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	176-187
21691037-5	2011	Significant increases in the gene expression of adiponectin and GLUT4 within adipose tissue were also observed in the pioglitazone- and irbesartan-treated groups, but not in the valsartan-treated group.	Pioglitazone	118-130	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	48-59
21691037-5	2011	Significant increases in the gene expression of adiponectin and GLUT4 within adipose tissue were also observed in the pioglitazone- and irbesartan-treated groups, but not in the valsartan-treated group.	Pioglitazone	118-130	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	64-69
21808640-10	2011	Pioglitazone very rapidly down-regulated the activated state of peripheral monocytes/macrophages as assessed by mRNA expression of NFkappaB and NFkappaB-modulated cytokines and decreased plasma levels of cardiovascular risk marker proteins independent of glycemic control.	Pioglitazone	0-12	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	131-139
21808640-10	2011	Pioglitazone very rapidly down-regulated the activated state of peripheral monocytes/macrophages as assessed by mRNA expression of NFkappaB and NFkappaB-modulated cytokines and decreased plasma levels of cardiovascular risk marker proteins independent of glycemic control.	Pioglitazone	0-12	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	144-152
22190910-5	2011	Here, we investigated the influence of RXR antagonist on the anti-inflammatory effect of PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone in carrageenan test.	Pioglitazone	107-119	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	89-98
21480818-0	2011	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 expression in leukocytes and their association with polymorphisms and bone markers in diabetic individuals treated with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	166-178	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	32-45
21480818-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) activator used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (DM2) patients and it has been suggested that can induce bone loss.	Pioglitazone	12-24	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	30-78
21480818-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) activator used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (DM2) patients and it has been suggested that can induce bone loss.	Pioglitazone	12-24	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	80-89
21480818-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) activator used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (DM2) patients and it has been suggested that can induce bone loss.	Pioglitazone	12-24	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-14 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	143-146
21480818-2	2011	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression in blood leukocytes and the relationship with polymorphisms and bone markers in DM2 treated with pioglitazone were investigated.	Pioglitazone	177-189	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-14 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	160-163
21480818-4	2011	DM2 patients were treated with pioglitazone (45 mg/day/16 weeks).	Pioglitazone	31-43	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-14 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	0-3
21480818-7	2011	RESULTS: Pioglitazone reduced bone specific alkaline phosphatase (bALP) and increased TNFalpha in DM2 group (p&lt;0.001).	Pioglitazone	9-21	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	86-94
21480818-7	2011	RESULTS: Pioglitazone reduced bone specific alkaline phosphatase (bALP) and increased TNFalpha in DM2 group (p&lt;0.001).	Pioglitazone	9-21	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-14 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	98-101
21480818-11	2011	CONCLUSIONS: TNFA -308G &gt;A polymorphism appear to be involved in regulation of gene expression independently of hyperglycemia and its interaction with pioglitazone may modify tALP, a important bone marker.	Pioglitazone	154-166	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	13-17
21071958-6	2011	RESULTS: Correction of renal function in ZDF by pioglitazone, occurring with a glycemia &gt;250 mg/dl, was accompanied by normalization of the renal levels of connective tissue growth factor and fibronectin (fibrosis), TNF-alpha, interleukin-6 and MCP-1 (inflammation), megalin (tubular cells), the PCNA/caspase-3 ratio (positive cell turnover), VEGF (abnormal angiogenesis), and the ratio between eNOS and iNOS (endothelial dysfunction).	Pioglitazone	48-60	cellular communication network factor 2	Mus musculus	159-190
21071958-6	2011	RESULTS: Correction of renal function in ZDF by pioglitazone, occurring with a glycemia &gt;250 mg/dl, was accompanied by normalization of the renal levels of connective tissue growth factor and fibronectin (fibrosis), TNF-alpha, interleukin-6 and MCP-1 (inflammation), megalin (tubular cells), the PCNA/caspase-3 ratio (positive cell turnover), VEGF (abnormal angiogenesis), and the ratio between eNOS and iNOS (endothelial dysfunction).	Pioglitazone	48-60	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	195-206
21071958-6	2011	RESULTS: Correction of renal function in ZDF by pioglitazone, occurring with a glycemia &gt;250 mg/dl, was accompanied by normalization of the renal levels of connective tissue growth factor and fibronectin (fibrosis), TNF-alpha, interleukin-6 and MCP-1 (inflammation), megalin (tubular cells), the PCNA/caspase-3 ratio (positive cell turnover), VEGF (abnormal angiogenesis), and the ratio between eNOS and iNOS (endothelial dysfunction).	Pioglitazone	48-60	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	219-228
21071958-6	2011	RESULTS: Correction of renal function in ZDF by pioglitazone, occurring with a glycemia &gt;250 mg/dl, was accompanied by normalization of the renal levels of connective tissue growth factor and fibronectin (fibrosis), TNF-alpha, interleukin-6 and MCP-1 (inflammation), megalin (tubular cells), the PCNA/caspase-3 ratio (positive cell turnover), VEGF (abnormal angiogenesis), and the ratio between eNOS and iNOS (endothelial dysfunction).	Pioglitazone	48-60	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	230-243
21071958-6	2011	RESULTS: Correction of renal function in ZDF by pioglitazone, occurring with a glycemia &gt;250 mg/dl, was accompanied by normalization of the renal levels of connective tissue growth factor and fibronectin (fibrosis), TNF-alpha, interleukin-6 and MCP-1 (inflammation), megalin (tubular cells), the PCNA/caspase-3 ratio (positive cell turnover), VEGF (abnormal angiogenesis), and the ratio between eNOS and iNOS (endothelial dysfunction).	Pioglitazone	48-60	mast cell protease 1	Mus musculus	248-253
21071958-6	2011	RESULTS: Correction of renal function in ZDF by pioglitazone, occurring with a glycemia &gt;250 mg/dl, was accompanied by normalization of the renal levels of connective tissue growth factor and fibronectin (fibrosis), TNF-alpha, interleukin-6 and MCP-1 (inflammation), megalin (tubular cells), the PCNA/caspase-3 ratio (positive cell turnover), VEGF (abnormal angiogenesis), and the ratio between eNOS and iNOS (endothelial dysfunction).	Pioglitazone	48-60	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2	Mus musculus	270-277
21071958-6	2011	RESULTS: Correction of renal function in ZDF by pioglitazone, occurring with a glycemia &gt;250 mg/dl, was accompanied by normalization of the renal levels of connective tissue growth factor and fibronectin (fibrosis), TNF-alpha, interleukin-6 and MCP-1 (inflammation), megalin (tubular cells), the PCNA/caspase-3 ratio (positive cell turnover), VEGF (abnormal angiogenesis), and the ratio between eNOS and iNOS (endothelial dysfunction).	Pioglitazone	48-60	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Mus musculus	299-303
21071958-6	2011	RESULTS: Correction of renal function in ZDF by pioglitazone, occurring with a glycemia &gt;250 mg/dl, was accompanied by normalization of the renal levels of connective tissue growth factor and fibronectin (fibrosis), TNF-alpha, interleukin-6 and MCP-1 (inflammation), megalin (tubular cells), the PCNA/caspase-3 ratio (positive cell turnover), VEGF (abnormal angiogenesis), and the ratio between eNOS and iNOS (endothelial dysfunction).	Pioglitazone	48-60	caspase 3	Mus musculus	304-313
21071958-6	2011	RESULTS: Correction of renal function in ZDF by pioglitazone, occurring with a glycemia &gt;250 mg/dl, was accompanied by normalization of the renal levels of connective tissue growth factor and fibronectin (fibrosis), TNF-alpha, interleukin-6 and MCP-1 (inflammation), megalin (tubular cells), the PCNA/caspase-3 ratio (positive cell turnover), VEGF (abnormal angiogenesis), and the ratio between eNOS and iNOS (endothelial dysfunction).	Pioglitazone	48-60	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	346-350
19819680-0	2011	Pioglitazone modulates the balance of effector and regulatory T cells in apolipoprotein E deficient mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	73-89
19819680-1	2011	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Pioglitazone (PIO) affects T cell-mediated immunity through actions of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	21-33	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	92-140
19819680-1	2011	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Pioglitazone (PIO) affects T cell-mediated immunity through actions of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	21-33	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	142-151
19819680-1	2011	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Pioglitazone (PIO) affects T cell-mediated immunity through actions of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	35-38	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	92-140
19819680-1	2011	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Pioglitazone (PIO) affects T cell-mediated immunity through actions of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	35-38	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	142-151
22145026-8	2011	Examination of tissues from the orthotopic model demonstrated increased numbers of arginase I-positive macrophages in tumors from pioglitazone-treated animals.	Pioglitazone	130-142	arginase, liver	Mus musculus	83-93
22145026-9	2011	In co-culture experiments of cancer cells with bone marrow-derived macrophages, pioglitazone promoted arginase I expression in macrophages and this was dependent on the expression of PPARgamma in the macrophages.	Pioglitazone	80-92	arginase, liver	Mus musculus	102-112
22145026-9	2011	In co-culture experiments of cancer cells with bone marrow-derived macrophages, pioglitazone promoted arginase I expression in macrophages and this was dependent on the expression of PPARgamma in the macrophages.	Pioglitazone	80-92	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	183-192
22073272-11	2011	Our results reveal differential effects of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, unmasked in the combination treatment with n-3 LC-PUFA, and support the notion that n-3 LC-PUFA could be used as add-on treatment to TZDs in order to improve diabetic patient"s therapy.	Pioglitazone	61-73	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	125-129
20547473-0	2010	Effect of pioglitazone on muscle sympathetic nerve activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus with alpha-glucosidase inhibitor.	Pioglitazone	10-22	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	93-110
21209881-8	2010	Myotubes established from PCOS patients with or without pioglitazone treatment also showed no significant differences between groups, neither at baseline nor during acute insulin stimulation, although in vivo pioglitazone treatment significantly improved insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	209-221	insulin	Homo sapiens	255-262
20863825-3	2010	In the cultured rabbit chondrocytes, our results show that the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone can concentration-dependently inhibit the AGEs-induced expression of TNF-alpha and MMP-13.	Pioglitazone	81-93	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	63-72
20863825-3	2010	In the cultured rabbit chondrocytes, our results show that the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone can concentration-dependently inhibit the AGEs-induced expression of TNF-alpha and MMP-13.	Pioglitazone	81-93	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	163-172
20863825-3	2010	In the cultured rabbit chondrocytes, our results show that the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone can concentration-dependently inhibit the AGEs-induced expression of TNF-alpha and MMP-13.	Pioglitazone	81-93	collagenase 3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	177-183
20547473-2	2010	Pioglitazone, an anti-diabetic drug, improves insulin resistance, but its influence on sympathetic nerve activity is not clear.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
20547473-11	2010	These results suggest that improved insulin resistance with pioglitazone provides an additional effect on inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity.	Pioglitazone	60-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	36-43
20081051-8	2010	Treatment of mice with the synthetic PPARgamma ligand, pioglitazone, significantly inhibited the formation of mouse lung tumors induced by NNK.	Pioglitazone	55-67	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	37-46
21036144-7	2010	Furthermore, pioglitazone enhanced insulin secretion in pSilencer-control transfected cells exposed to FFAs for 48h, but not in cells transfected with GPR40shRNA.	Pioglitazone	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
21036144-9	2010	The reverse role of pioglitazone on lipotoxicity of beta-cells may be related to GPR40.	Pioglitazone	20-32	free fatty acid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	81-86
19787290-6	2010	CRP levels decreased significantly at follow-up in the pioglitazone group (3.2 +- 1.97 vs. 2.37 +- 1.56 mg/l) but not in the control group (3.0 +- 1.92 vs. 3.93 +- 2.14 mg/l; P = 0.003).	Pioglitazone	55-67	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	0-3
20726985-3	2010	The present study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the reversal of prostatic enlargement in insulin-resistant rats by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	201-213	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	144-192
21030263-4	2010	They showed a PPARgamma partial agonistic activity similar to that of a known PPARgamma drug, pioglitazone, in a cell-based transactivation assay.	Pioglitazone	94-106	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	78-87
22166651-0	2010	Appropriate insulin initiation dosage for insulin-naive type 2 diabetes outpatients receiving insulin monotherapy or in combination with metformin and/or pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	154-166	insulin	Homo sapiens	12-19
20739883-7	2010	Given these new findings, it can be anticipated that FCHL patients could also benefit from insulin-sensitizing therapy such as pioglitazone and metformin.	Pioglitazone	127-139	insulin	Homo sapiens	91-98
20945270-0	2010	Pioglitazone has direct effects on insulin sensitivity and intracellular lipid content in L6 skeletal muscle cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
20926154-2	2010	Here we present an updated meta-analysis of the respective effects of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone on the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker and predictor of CAD risks.	Pioglitazone	88-100	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	118-136
20926154-2	2010	Here we present an updated meta-analysis of the respective effects of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone on the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker and predictor of CAD risks.	Pioglitazone	88-100	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	138-141
20926154-10	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis suggested that both rosiglitazone and pioglitazone significantly decrease serum CRP levels.	Pioglitazone	69-81	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	111-114
20945270-5	2010	The PPAR-gamma antagonist GW9662 reversed the pioglitazone effects.	Pioglitazone	46-58	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-14
20945270-6	2010	We conclude that pioglitazone has direct insulin-sensitizing effects on the L6 skeletal muscle cell line, which are paralleled by a reduction in intramyocellular triglyceride accumulation.	Pioglitazone	17-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	41-48
21267384-9	2010	Homeostatic model assessment-index, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were significantly lower in the pioglitazone group at 8 months.	Pioglitazone	122-134	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	36-82
21122063-9	2010	Reductions in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were greater in the FDC and pioglitazone groups.	Pioglitazone	78-90	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	31-49
21267384-10	2010	Adiponectin levels increased significantly only in the pioglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	55-67	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	0-11
20626630-10	2010	However, pioglitazone inhibited iron-induced alpha-synuclein aggregation, elevations in interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 mRNA levels as well as increases in oxygenase-1, cyclo-oxygenase II, nitric oxide synthase and ED-1 protein levels, an indicator of activated microglia.	Pioglitazone	9-21	synuclein alpha	Rattus norvegicus	45-60
20626630-10	2010	However, pioglitazone inhibited iron-induced alpha-synuclein aggregation, elevations in interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 mRNA levels as well as increases in oxygenase-1, cyclo-oxygenase II, nitric oxide synthase and ED-1 protein levels, an indicator of activated microglia.	Pioglitazone	9-21	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	88-105
20626630-10	2010	However, pioglitazone inhibited iron-induced alpha-synuclein aggregation, elevations in interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 mRNA levels as well as increases in oxygenase-1, cyclo-oxygenase II, nitric oxide synthase and ED-1 protein levels, an indicator of activated microglia.	Pioglitazone	9-21	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	110-123
20626630-14	2010	Furthermore, inhibition of alpha-synuclein aggregation and neuroinflammation may contribute to the pioglitazone-induced neuroprotection in central nervous system.	Pioglitazone	99-111	synuclein alpha	Rattus norvegicus	27-42
20843793-2	2010	We tested the effect of two TZD class drugs, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, on human aortic smooth muscle cell (SMC) expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R).	Pioglitazone	63-75	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	132-169
20130841-1	2010	SUMMARY: We found that serum osteocalcin, femoral bone mineral density (F-BMD), and 1/3R-BMD were decreased during pioglitazone treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	115-127	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Homo sapiens	29-40
20130841-7	2010	RESULTS: In the pioglitazone group, serum osteocalcin significantly decreased at 6 months (p &lt; 0.05), although it almost recovered to baseline level at 12 months.	Pioglitazone	16-28	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Homo sapiens	42-53
20130841-11	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Baseline IMT, uNTX, and IGF-I could assess the risk of BMD reduction in diabetic patients treated with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	116-128	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	37-42
20693431-6	2010	Importantly, provision of the PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, either prophylactically or during inflammation, significantly enhanced macrophage PPARgamma-mediated programming and efferocytosis, reduced accumulation of apoptotic neutrophils, and normalized the course of peritonitis in CGD mice.	Pioglitazone	49-61	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	30-39
20693431-6	2010	Importantly, provision of the PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, either prophylactically or during inflammation, significantly enhanced macrophage PPARgamma-mediated programming and efferocytosis, reduced accumulation of apoptotic neutrophils, and normalized the course of peritonitis in CGD mice.	Pioglitazone	49-61	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	145-154
20843793-3	2010	Both TZDs dose dependently up-regulated IGF-1R protein levels (rosiglitazone, 10 mumol/liter, 67% increase, n = 4, p &lt; 0.01; pioglitazone, 10 mumol/liter, 41% increase, n = 4, p &lt; 0.01) and increased IGF-1R signaling activity (36% increase in Akt phosphorylation).	Pioglitazone	128-140	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	40-46
20528570-5	2010	The thiazolidinediones rosiglitazone and pioglitazone were recently applied as insulin sensitising treatment in patients with PCOS.	Pioglitazone	41-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
21046527-4	2010	In phase I and II clinical trials in patients with T2DM, aleglitazar demonstrated beneficial antidiabetic activities and had a higher antihyperglycemic efficacy than pioglitazone (a PPARgamma agonist).	Pioglitazone	166-178	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	182-191
21046527-6	2010	The observed adverse events were characteristic of either PPARgamma or PPARalpha agonists; however, when compared to pioglitazone-PPARgamma-mediated effects, such as edema and weight gain, these were less severe.	Pioglitazone	117-129	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	130-139
20495845-0	2010	PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone inhibits microglia inflammation by blocking p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways.	Pioglitazone	18-30	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
20495845-0	2010	PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone inhibits microglia inflammation by blocking p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways.	Pioglitazone	18-30	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
20495845-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper was to investigate the inhibitory effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone on microglia inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).	Pioglitazone	146-158	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	77-125
20495845-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper was to investigate the inhibitory effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone on microglia inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).	Pioglitazone	146-158	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	127-136
20495845-8	2010	RESULTS: Pioglitazone effectively inhibited NO, iNOS, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta production in LPS-stimulated microglial cells.	Pioglitazone	9-21	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
20495845-8	2010	RESULTS: Pioglitazone effectively inhibited NO, iNOS, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta production in LPS-stimulated microglial cells.	Pioglitazone	9-21	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	54-63
20495845-8	2010	RESULTS: Pioglitazone effectively inhibited NO, iNOS, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta production in LPS-stimulated microglial cells.	Pioglitazone	9-21	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
20495845-8	2010	RESULTS: Pioglitazone effectively inhibited NO, iNOS, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta production in LPS-stimulated microglial cells.	Pioglitazone	9-21	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	71-79
20495845-9	2010	Additionally, pioglitazone suppressed PPARgamma loss; enhanced transcriptional activity of PPARgamma; and inhibited nucleus-export of PPARgamma in microglia induced by LPS.	Pioglitazone	14-26	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	38-47
20495845-9	2010	Additionally, pioglitazone suppressed PPARgamma loss; enhanced transcriptional activity of PPARgamma; and inhibited nucleus-export of PPARgamma in microglia induced by LPS.	Pioglitazone	14-26	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	91-100
20495845-9	2010	Additionally, pioglitazone suppressed PPARgamma loss; enhanced transcriptional activity of PPARgamma; and inhibited nucleus-export of PPARgamma in microglia induced by LPS.	Pioglitazone	14-26	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	91-100
20495845-10	2010	And p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 had the similarity effects with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	64-76	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
20495845-11	2010	Signal transduction studies indicated that pioglitazone blocked the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK challenged by LPS.	Pioglitazone	43-55	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
20495845-12	2010	CONCLUSION: The results show that pioglitazone can inhibit LPS-stimulated microglia inflammation by blocking p38 MAPK signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	34-46	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
21045137-1	2010	Pioglitazone [(RS)-5-(4-[2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy]benzyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione] is a ligand of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma that is approved for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	118-166
21045137-1	2010	Pioglitazone [(RS)-5-(4-[2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy]benzyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione] is a ligand of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma that is approved for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	14-84	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	118-166
21045137-4	2010	When pioglitazone was administered beginning 8 weeks after the first carcinogen treatment when microscopic adenomas already existed, pioglitazone significantly inhibited tumor load (sum of tumor volume per lung in average) by 64% (P &lt; 0.05) in p53(wt/wt) mice and 50% (P &lt; 0.05) in p53(wt/Ala135Val) mice in the lung adenocarcinoma model.	Pioglitazone	5-17	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	247-250
21045137-4	2010	When pioglitazone was administered beginning 8 weeks after the first carcinogen treatment when microscopic adenomas already existed, pioglitazone significantly inhibited tumor load (sum of tumor volume per lung in average) by 64% (P &lt; 0.05) in p53(wt/wt) mice and 50% (P &lt; 0.05) in p53(wt/Ala135Val) mice in the lung adenocarcinoma model.	Pioglitazone	5-17	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	288-291
21045137-4	2010	When pioglitazone was administered beginning 8 weeks after the first carcinogen treatment when microscopic adenomas already existed, pioglitazone significantly inhibited tumor load (sum of tumor volume per lung in average) by 64% (P &lt; 0.05) in p53(wt/wt) mice and 50% (P &lt; 0.05) in p53(wt/Ala135Val) mice in the lung adenocarcinoma model.	Pioglitazone	133-145	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	247-250
21045137-4	2010	When pioglitazone was administered beginning 8 weeks after the first carcinogen treatment when microscopic adenomas already existed, pioglitazone significantly inhibited tumor load (sum of tumor volume per lung in average) by 64% (P &lt; 0.05) in p53(wt/wt) mice and 50% (P &lt; 0.05) in p53(wt/Ala135Val) mice in the lung adenocarcinoma model.	Pioglitazone	133-145	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	288-291
20734309-2	2010	Targeting the PPAR receptor is one strategy for the treatment of diabetes; the PPAR agonists rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are already on the market.	Pioglitazone	111-123	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	14-18
20734309-2	2010	Targeting the PPAR receptor is one strategy for the treatment of diabetes; the PPAR agonists rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are already on the market.	Pioglitazone	111-123	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	79-83
20689078-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of pioglitazone (PIO), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, on plaque matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and macrophage (Mac) responses in vivo in a molecular imaging study.	Pioglitazone	41-53	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	63-111
20599791-6	2010	This was reversed by restoration of normal growth medium, while the insulin resistance was prevented by pioglitazone or metformin.	Pioglitazone	104-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
20860658-1	2010	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Troglitazone (Tro), rosiglitazone (Rosi) and pioglitazone (Pio) are anti-diabetic thiazolidinediones that function as ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma); however, Tro has been withdrawn from the market due to liver toxicity issues.	Pioglitazone	69-81	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	154-202
20860658-1	2010	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Troglitazone (Tro), rosiglitazone (Rosi) and pioglitazone (Pio) are anti-diabetic thiazolidinediones that function as ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma); however, Tro has been withdrawn from the market due to liver toxicity issues.	Pioglitazone	69-81	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	204-213
20854387-2	2010	The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of pioglitazone on the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis in fibroblasts from a patient with this condition due to a seipin mutation.	Pioglitazone	65-77	BSCL2 lipid droplet biogenesis associated, seipin	Homo sapiens	189-195
20854387-7	2010	RESULTS: The expression of the adipogenic genes PPARG, LPL, LEP and SLC2A4 was reduced in lipodystrophic fibroblasts, while treatment with pioglitazone increased the expression of these genes.	Pioglitazone	139-151	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	48-53
20854387-7	2010	RESULTS: The expression of the adipogenic genes PPARG, LPL, LEP and SLC2A4 was reduced in lipodystrophic fibroblasts, while treatment with pioglitazone increased the expression of these genes.	Pioglitazone	139-151	leptin	Homo sapiens	60-63
20816593-2	2010	METHODS: The electronic databases PubMed, Embase and The Cochrane Library were searched systematically to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of pioglitazone therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) inadequately controlled after treatment with insulin.	Pioglitazone	154-166	insulin	Homo sapiens	267-274
20816593-9	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Our study implied that in patients with type 2 DM whose control is inadequate on insulin therapy, the additional pioglitazone could significantly improve glucose metabolism and might have a positive effect on important components of the lipid profile, which may have important implications in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, a major long-term complication in type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	126-138	insulin	Homo sapiens	94-101
20602174-10	2010	Further, pioglitazone (5 and 10 mg/kg) and caffeic acid (5 and 10 mg/kg) drug treatments for 3 weeks significantly attenuated oxidative damage (decreased lipid peroxidation, nitrite concentration, restored reduction in glutathione and catalase levels), altered mitochondrial enzymes complex (I, II and IV) activities and mitochondrial redox activity (MTT assay) when compared with control.	Pioglitazone	9-21	catalase	Mus musculus	235-243
20932062-1	2010	The outer mitochondrial membrane protein mitoNEET is a cellular target of the antidiabetic drug pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	96-108	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	41-49
20883052-7	2010	Glycosylated haemoglobin, fasting glucose, insulin parameters and beta-cell function are all improved with pioglitazone treatment, with efficacy similar to third-generation sulfonylureas, metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.	Pioglitazone	107-119	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
20883052-7	2010	Glycosylated haemoglobin, fasting glucose, insulin parameters and beta-cell function are all improved with pioglitazone treatment, with efficacy similar to third-generation sulfonylureas, metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.	Pioglitazone	107-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	202-224
20798360-0	2010	Pioglitazone-induced reductions in atherosclerosis occur via smooth muscle cell-specific interaction with PPAR{gamma}.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	106-110
20967263-3	2010	METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: This study examined the impact of current and potential pharmacological targets namely the systemic corticosteroid dexamethasone and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone on the outcome of infection in smoke-exposed mice.	Pioglitazone	230-242	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	173-221
20843793-2	2010	We tested the effect of two TZD class drugs, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, on human aortic smooth muscle cell (SMC) expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R).	Pioglitazone	63-75	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	171-177
20875371-0	2010	Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic interaction between the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin and pioglitazone in healthy volunteers.	Pioglitazone	107-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-80
20875371-2	2010	This study aimed to investigate any potential pharmacokinetic interaction between linagliptin and pioglitazone, a CYP 2C8 substrate.	Pioglitazone	98-110	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	114-121
20831680-13	2010	Fasting plasma insulin decreased in the pioglitazone group after both the titration period and the full treatment period compared to both the baseline value and the acarbose group.	Pioglitazone	40-52	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
20831680-15	2010	Interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha decreased after full treatment in the pioglitazone group relative to the end of titration period.	Pioglitazone	85-97	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	0-46
20831680-17	2010	High-sensitivity C reactive protein decreased in the pioglitazone group after full treatment compared to the end of titration period and to the acarbose group.	Pioglitazone	53-65	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	17-35
21793336-4	2010	All the animals were divided into 3 groups: I: control group; II: diabetic group; III: diabetes+Pioglitazone (Piog, a PPARgamma ligand) administration group.	Pioglitazone	96-108	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	118-127
20540935-1	2010	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonists such as troglitazone, pioglitazone and thiazolidine have been shown to induce apoptosis in human colon cancer cells.	Pioglitazone	87-99	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-55
20923486-0	2010	Pioglitazone and the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with Type 2 diabetes receiving concomitant treatment with nitrates, renin-angiotensin system blockers, or insulin: results from the PROactive study (PROactive 20).	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	169-176
20723549-6	2010	KEY FINDINGS: pioglitazone treatment increased fat mass and the surface area of adipocytes more than rosiglitazone at dosages with equivalent effects on plasma glucose.	Pioglitazone	14-26	CD36 molecule	Mus musculus	47-50
20599832-0	2010	Anticonvulsant potential of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone in pentylenetetrazole-induced acute seizures and kindling in mice.	Pioglitazone	89-101	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	32-80
20599832-1	2010	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, is used in inflammatory brain diseases, and it was shown to protect against seizures in genetically epileptic mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	16-64
20599832-1	2010	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, is used in inflammatory brain diseases, and it was shown to protect against seizures in genetically epileptic mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	66-76
20599832-9	2010	Pioglitazone normalized all altered parameters except for PGE(2) in PTZ-kindled animals and, unpredictably, further elevated TNF-alpha in the acute model.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	125-134
20859539-2	2010	Pioglitazone is a potent insulin sensitizer, improves pancreatic beta cell function and has been shown in several outcome trials to lower the risk of atherosclerotic and cardiovascular events.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	25-32
20662773-0	2010	Pioglitazone in the treatment of NASH: the role of adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	51-62
20662773-2	2010	AIM: To evaluate the relationship between changes in plasma adiponectin following pioglitazone treatment and metabolic/histological improvement.	Pioglitazone	82-94	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	60-71
20662773-6	2010	Pioglitazone increased 2.3-fold plasma adiponectin and improved insulin resistance, glucose tolerance and glucose clearance, steatosis and necroinflammation (all P &lt; 0.01-0.001 vs. placebo).	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	39-50
20662773-6	2010	Pioglitazone increased 2.3-fold plasma adiponectin and improved insulin resistance, glucose tolerance and glucose clearance, steatosis and necroinflammation (all P &lt; 0.01-0.001 vs. placebo).	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	64-71
20662773-7	2010	In the pioglitazone group, plasma adiponectin was significantly associated (r = 0.52, P = 0.0001) with hepatic insulin sensitivity and with the change in both variables (r = 0.44, P = 0.03).	Pioglitazone	7-19	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	34-45
20662773-9	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Adiponectin exerts an important metabolic role at the level of the liver, and its increase during pioglitazone treatment is critical to reverse insulin resistance and improve liver histology in NASH patients.	Pioglitazone	111-123	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	13-24
20662773-9	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Adiponectin exerts an important metabolic role at the level of the liver, and its increase during pioglitazone treatment is critical to reverse insulin resistance and improve liver histology in NASH patients.	Pioglitazone	111-123	insulin	Homo sapiens	157-164
20877770-6	2010	Pioglitazone could be used with insulin therapy but not as triple therapy.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
20650633-2	2010	Recently, it was shown that the peroxisome proliferating-activator receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone protected mice from 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine neurotoxicity due to its ability to inhibit monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B).	Pioglitazone	90-102	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	212-231
20650633-2	2010	Recently, it was shown that the peroxisome proliferating-activator receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone protected mice from 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine neurotoxicity due to its ability to inhibit monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B).	Pioglitazone	90-102	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	233-238
20650633-3	2010	Docking studies were initiated to investigate pioglitazone"s interactions within the substrate cavity of MAO-B.	Pioglitazone	46-58	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	105-110
20455891-5	2010	RESULTS: Pioglitazone decreased fasting plasma glucose concentration (10.5 +/- 0.7 to 7.8 +/- 0.6 mM, P &lt; 0.0003) and HbA1c (9.7 +/- 0.7 to 7.5 +/- 0.5%, P &lt; 0.003) despite increased body weight and no change in plasma insulin concentrations.	Pioglitazone	9-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	225-232
19577936-0	2010	Pioglitazone, but not metformin, reduces liver fat in Type-2 diabetes mellitus independent of weight changes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	47-50
19577936-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Pioglitazone (Pio) treatment induces weight gain in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which could worsen hepatic lipid accumulation, and alter adiponectin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).	Pioglitazone	12-24	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	154-165
19577936-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Pioglitazone (Pio) treatment induces weight gain in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which could worsen hepatic lipid accumulation, and alter adiponectin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).	Pioglitazone	12-15	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	154-165
20649587-4	2010	Furthermore, pioglitazone reduced the expression of suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS)-3 - considered to be a key link between inflammation and insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	13-25	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Rattus norvegicus	52-94
21029677-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of pioglitazone, a synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, on the RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis of osteoclast precursor cells, and to explore the function and mechanism of PPARgamma in the osteoclast differentiation.	Pioglitazone	34-46	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	60-108
21029677-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of pioglitazone, a synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, on the RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis of osteoclast precursor cells, and to explore the function and mechanism of PPARgamma in the osteoclast differentiation.	Pioglitazone	34-46	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	110-119
21029677-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of pioglitazone, a synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, on the RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis of osteoclast precursor cells, and to explore the function and mechanism of PPARgamma in the osteoclast differentiation.	Pioglitazone	34-46	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	137-142
21029677-4	2010	And pioglitazone treated cells were exposed to 10 micromol/L pioglitazone during the process of osteoclast differentiation under RANKL.	Pioglitazone	4-16	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	129-134
21029677-4	2010	And pioglitazone treated cells were exposed to 10 micromol/L pioglitazone during the process of osteoclast differentiation under RANKL.	Pioglitazone	61-73	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	129-134
20821932-10	2010	Insulin resistance improved and the HOMA-IR index decreased after pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	66-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
20233219-2	2010	Pioglitazone, a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma agonist, is currently used to manage insulin resistance, but the specific molecular mechanisms activated by PPARgamma are not yet fully understood.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
20233219-2	2010	Pioglitazone, a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma agonist, is currently used to manage insulin resistance, but the specific molecular mechanisms activated by PPARgamma are not yet fully understood.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	189-198
20670183-4	2010	Beyond these effects on glucose metabolism, pioglitazone has positive effects on lipid metabolism, blood pressure, endothelial function, adiponectin and C-reactive protein levels.	Pioglitazone	44-56	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	137-148
20590748-12	2010	A significant increase in total ADN (p &lt; 0.001), HMW ADN (p &lt; 0.001) and HMW/total ratio (p = 0.001) occurred in the pioglitazone group compared with placebo.	Pioglitazone	123-135	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	32-35
20590748-12	2010	A significant increase in total ADN (p &lt; 0.001), HMW ADN (p &lt; 0.001) and HMW/total ratio (p = 0.001) occurred in the pioglitazone group compared with placebo.	Pioglitazone	123-135	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	56-59
20629618-7	2010	WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN: Initial therapy with a combination of sitagliptin (100 mg/day) and pioglitazone (30 mg/day) reduced HbA1c by &gt; 2% starting from a baseline &gt; 9%.	Pioglitazone	94-106	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	127-131
20164119-2	2010	Pioglitazone (PIO), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist, protects against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	22-77
20164119-2	2010	Pioglitazone (PIO), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist, protects against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury.	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	22-77
20164119-6	2010	In H9c2 cells, the effects of PIO and rosiglitazone on miR-29 expression levels were blocked by a selective PPAR-gamma inhibitor GW9662.	Pioglitazone	30-33	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	108-118
20629618-8	2010	Adding sitagliptin (50 - 100 mg/day) to patients inadequately controlled on pioglitazone reduced HbA1c by 0.7 - 1.4% from a baseline of 8 - 8.5%.	Pioglitazone	76-88	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	97-101
20670183-4	2010	Beyond these effects on glucose metabolism, pioglitazone has positive effects on lipid metabolism, blood pressure, endothelial function, adiponectin and C-reactive protein levels.	Pioglitazone	44-56	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	153-171
20695692-2	2010	Pioglitazone, a potent synthetic agonists of PPARgamma, has shown to control neuroinflammation in many nervous system-related disorders.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	45-54
20560108-5	2010	Fasting plasma insulin, FPPr, Pr/FPI ratio, R, and TNF-alpha were significantly decreased and ADN was significantly increased with pioglitazone plus vildagliptin, but not with glimepiride plus vildagliptin.	Pioglitazone	131-143	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	94-97
20560108-7	2010	Pioglitazone plus vildagliptin were found to be more effective in preserving beta-cell function, and in reducing insulin resistance, and inflammatory state parameters.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	113-120
20831543-4	2010	RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Three-month treatment with pioglitazone improved glycaemic control, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA), dyslipidaemia and liver function tests in association with a marked increase in serum HMW adiponectin level.	Pioglitazone	51-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
21341537-1	2010	Present study was carried out to investigate the possible neuroprotective effect of pioglitazone, an antidiabetic agent, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist on acute phase changes in mice model of cerebral ischemia induced by Bilateral Common Carotid artery Occlusion (BCCAO).	Pioglitazone	84-96	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	121-169
21341537-7	2010	Pioglitazone reduced the plasma TNF-alpha levels as compared to ischemia group significantly.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	32-41
21341537-9	2010	Pioglitazone showed neuroprotection against ischemic insult suggesting the role of PPARgamma agonist in neuroprotective agents.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	83-92
20505521-8	2010	Pioglitazone (PPAR gamma agonist, 10 microM) abolished the CSA-induced attenuation of carbachol responses, an effect that was not manifest in presence of GW9662 or l-NAME.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
20371549-2	2010	We further investigated effects of pioglitazone on transcriptional regulation of apolipoprotein (apo)A-I gene and functional properties of pioglitazone-induced apoA-I-containing particles.	Pioglitazone	139-151	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	160-166
20371549-4	2010	A peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-response element located in site A (-214 to -192 bp, upstream of the transcription start site) of the promoter is required for pioglitazone-induced apoA-I gene transcription.	Pioglitazone	179-191	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	2-44
20371549-4	2010	A peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-response element located in site A (-214 to -192 bp, upstream of the transcription start site) of the promoter is required for pioglitazone-induced apoA-I gene transcription.	Pioglitazone	179-191	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	46-50
20371549-4	2010	A peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-response element located in site A (-214 to -192 bp, upstream of the transcription start site) of the promoter is required for pioglitazone-induced apoA-I gene transcription.	Pioglitazone	179-191	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	200-206
20371549-7	2010	Pioglitazone-induced apoA-I transcription is mainly mediated through PPARalpha but not PPARgamma in hepatocytes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	21-27
20371549-7	2010	Pioglitazone-induced apoA-I transcription is mainly mediated through PPARalpha but not PPARgamma in hepatocytes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	69-78
20371549-8	2010	Pioglitazone induced production of HDL enriched in its subfraction containing apoA-I without apoA-II, which inhibited monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in vitro.	Pioglitazone	0-12	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	78-84
20371549-8	2010	Pioglitazone induced production of HDL enriched in its subfraction containing apoA-I without apoA-II, which inhibited monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in vitro.	Pioglitazone	0-12	apolipoprotein A2	Homo sapiens	93-100
20371549-9	2010	In conclusion, pioglitazone increases apoA-I production by directly enhancing PPAR-response element-dependent transcription, resulting in generation of apoA-I-containing HDL particles with increased anti-inflammatory property.	Pioglitazone	15-27	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	38-44
20371549-9	2010	In conclusion, pioglitazone increases apoA-I production by directly enhancing PPAR-response element-dependent transcription, resulting in generation of apoA-I-containing HDL particles with increased anti-inflammatory property.	Pioglitazone	15-27	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	78-82
20371549-9	2010	In conclusion, pioglitazone increases apoA-I production by directly enhancing PPAR-response element-dependent transcription, resulting in generation of apoA-I-containing HDL particles with increased anti-inflammatory property.	Pioglitazone	15-27	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	152-158
20189191-2	2010	Because peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activator pioglitazone was recently reported to possess pleiotropic protective effects on various organs and tissues, we conducted experiments to test the hypothesis that pioglitazone could prevent graft degeneration, leading to the preservation of vein graft integrity.	Pioglitazone	67-79	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	8-56
20189191-5	2010	RESULTS: At 24 hours, pioglitazone significantly reduced endothelial desquamation, reactive oxygen species generation, myeloperoxidase activity, and lipid peroxidation in vein grafts.	Pioglitazone	22-34	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	119-134
20189191-6	2010	At 7 days, mRNA expression and gelatinolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9 in vein grafts were significantly suppressed by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	138-150	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	57-89
20189191-7	2010	Immunofluorescent staining showed that pioglitazone enhanced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma expression in vein grafts at 8 weeks, especially in their intimal side.	Pioglitazone	39-51	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	61-109
20045142-0	2010	Common polymorphisms of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (Pro12Ala) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 (Gly482Ser) and the response to pioglitazone in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	187-199	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	28-76
20045142-0	2010	Common polymorphisms of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (Pro12Ala) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 (Gly482Ser) and the response to pioglitazone in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	187-199	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	92-140
20045142-8	2010	Only the PPAR-gamma Pro12Ala polymorphism was found to be associated with the response of pioglitazone by multiple logistic regression analysis.	Pioglitazone	90-102	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	9-19
20045142-9	2010	The PPAR-gamma Pro12Ala gene polymorphism is associated with the response to pioglitazone in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	77-89	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-14
19925559-0	2010	Activation of STAT3 and inhibitory effects of pioglitazone on STAT3 activity in a mouse model of SOD1-mutated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.	Pioglitazone	46-58	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	62-67
19925559-0	2010	Activation of STAT3 and inhibitory effects of pioglitazone on STAT3 activity in a mouse model of SOD1-mutated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.	Pioglitazone	46-58	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	97-101
19925559-5	2010	Immunoblot analysis delineated significant increases in nuclear p-STAT3 levels in non-treated ALS mice as compared with pioglitazone-treated ALS mice and non-treated and pioglitazone-treated control mice.	Pioglitazone	170-182	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	66-71
19925559-8	2010	Moreover, it is likely that pioglitazone may exert inhibitory effects on STAT3-mediated proinflammtory mechanisms in this disease.	Pioglitazone	28-40	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	73-78
20450929-0	2010	Pioglitazone ameliorates behavioral, biochemical and cellular alterations in quinolinic acid induced neurotoxicity: possible role of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-Upsilon (PPARUpsilon) in Huntington"s disease.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	185-196
20450929-7	2010	Further, pioglitazone treatment restored mitochondrial enzyme complex activity as well as TNF-alpha level as compared to QUIN treated group.	Pioglitazone	9-21	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	90-99
20450929-8	2010	While Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) (15mg/kg), PPARUpsilon antagonist significantly reversed the protective effect of the pioglitazone (40mg/kg) in the QUIN treated animals.	Pioglitazone	129-141	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	54-65
20450929-9	2010	Further, pioglitazone treatment significantly attenuated the striatal lesion volume in QUIN treated animals, suggesting a role for the PPARUpsilon pathway in QUIN induced neurotoxicity.	Pioglitazone	9-21	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	135-146
20450929-10	2010	Altogether, this evidence indicates that PPARUpsilon activation by pioglitazone attenuated QUIN induced neurotoxicity in animals and which could be an important therapeutic avenue to ameliorate Huntington like symptoms.	Pioglitazone	67-79	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	41-52
20599729-4	2010	However, peroxysome-proliferator-activated-receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone significantly (P&lt;0.001) restored S961 induced hyperglycemia (196.73+/-16.32 vs. 126.37+/-27.07 mg/dl) and glucose intolerance (approximately 78%).	Pioglitazone	78-90	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	9-57
20599729-4	2010	However, peroxysome-proliferator-activated-receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone significantly (P&lt;0.001) restored S961 induced hyperglycemia (196.73+/-16.32 vs. 126.37+/-27.07 mg/dl) and glucose intolerance (approximately 78%).	Pioglitazone	78-90	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	59-68
20507283-1	2010	Although pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma) agonist, has been shown to prolong survival in two rapidly progressive pkd1 (polycystic kidney disease 1)-knockout mice models through disparate mechanisms, these studies lacked data on therapeutic potential and long-term safety because of a short observation period.	Pioglitazone	9-21	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	25-35
20507283-1	2010	Although pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma) agonist, has been shown to prolong survival in two rapidly progressive pkd1 (polycystic kidney disease 1)-knockout mice models through disparate mechanisms, these studies lacked data on therapeutic potential and long-term safety because of a short observation period.	Pioglitazone	9-21	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	37-85
20507283-1	2010	Although pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma) agonist, has been shown to prolong survival in two rapidly progressive pkd1 (polycystic kidney disease 1)-knockout mice models through disparate mechanisms, these studies lacked data on therapeutic potential and long-term safety because of a short observation period.	Pioglitazone	9-21	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting	Mus musculus	158-162
21437092-0	2010	Pioglitazone for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in patients inadequately controlled on insulin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	89-96
20371549-3	2010	Pioglitazone dose-dependently stimulated apoA-I promoter activities in HepG2 cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	41-47
19947950-6	2010	Pretreatment with 10 mumol/l pioglitazone significantly suppressed LPS-induced TNF-alpha, sPLA2-V and sPLA2-X mRNA and protein expression.	Pioglitazone	29-41	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	79-88
20150294-0	2010	Pioglitazone decreases plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein mass, associated with a decrease in hepatic triglyceride content, in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens	30-64
20150294-3	2010	Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of pioglitazone on CETP mass in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	69-81	cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens	85-89
20150294-6	2010	RESULTS Pioglitazone decreased hepatic triglyceride content (5.9 [interquartile range 2.6-17.4] versus 4.1 [1.9-12.3]%, P &lt; 0.05), decreased plasma CETP mass (2.33 +/- 0.10 vs. 2.06 +/- 0.10 microg/ml, P &lt; 0.05), and increased plasma HDL cholesterol level (1.22 +/- 0.05 vs. 1.34 +/- 0.05 mmol/l, P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	8-20	cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens	151-155
20150294-8	2010	CONCLUSIONS: A decrease in hepatic triglyceride content by pioglitazone is accompanied by a decrease in plasma CETP mass and associated with an increase in HDL cholesterol levels.	Pioglitazone	59-71	cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens	111-115
19947950-6	2010	Pretreatment with 10 mumol/l pioglitazone significantly suppressed LPS-induced TNF-alpha, sPLA2-V and sPLA2-X mRNA and protein expression.	Pioglitazone	29-41	phospholipase A2, group IIA (platelets, synovial fluid)	Mus musculus	90-95
19947950-6	2010	Pretreatment with 10 mumol/l pioglitazone significantly suppressed LPS-induced TNF-alpha, sPLA2-V and sPLA2-X mRNA and protein expression.	Pioglitazone	29-41	phospholipase A2, group X	Mus musculus	102-109
20482594-0	2010	Hydrochloride pioglitazone decreases urinary TGF-beta1 excretion in type 2 diabetics.	Pioglitazone	14-26	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	45-54
20482594-7	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone decreases urinary TGF-beta1 excretion in type 2 diabetics, which may be partly contributed to its direct reno-protection.	Pioglitazone	13-25	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	44-53
20410836-8	2010	Pioglitazone reduced IL-1beta, but upregulated IL-1ra and increased the number of IL-1ra immunoreactive cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	21-29
20540652-0	2010	Clinical effectiveness and safety evaluation of long-term pioglitazone treatment for erythropoietin responsiveness and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients on hemodialysis.	Pioglitazone	58-70	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	85-99
20540652-1	2010	BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess the effect of long-term pioglitazone treatment on erythropoietin responsiveness and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients on hemodialysis.	Pioglitazone	55-67	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	81-95
20540652-4	2010	RESULTS: Pioglitazone effectively reduced erythropoietin dose and maintained the target hemoglobin levels by improving insulin resistance up to the end of the study.	Pioglitazone	9-21	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	42-56
20540652-4	2010	RESULTS: Pioglitazone effectively reduced erythropoietin dose and maintained the target hemoglobin levels by improving insulin resistance up to the end of the study.	Pioglitazone	9-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	119-126
20540652-8	2010	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone treatment resulted in better glycemic control, improved lipid levels, an increase in insulin sensitivity and adiponectin levels, and a decrease in inflammatory markers, thus improving the risk factors of cardiovascular disease.	Pioglitazone	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	110-117
20540652-8	2010	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone treatment resulted in better glycemic control, improved lipid levels, an increase in insulin sensitivity and adiponectin levels, and a decrease in inflammatory markers, thus improving the risk factors of cardiovascular disease.	Pioglitazone	12-24	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	134-145
20540652-9	2010	Erythropoietin responsiveness improved with a reduction in erythropoietin dose and may be associated with the improvement in insulin resistance due to long-term pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	161-173	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	0-14
20540652-9	2010	Erythropoietin responsiveness improved with a reduction in erythropoietin dose and may be associated with the improvement in insulin resistance due to long-term pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	161-173	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
20410836-3	2010	We studied in rats the effects of the PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, on the regulation of IL-1beta, IL-1ra and IL-1 receptor I (IL-1RI) expression in ischaemic brain after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 90 min.	Pioglitazone	57-69	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	38-47
20410836-3	2010	We studied in rats the effects of the PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, on the regulation of IL-1beta, IL-1ra and IL-1 receptor I (IL-1RI) expression in ischaemic brain after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 90 min.	Pioglitazone	57-69	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	92-100
20410836-3	2010	We studied in rats the effects of the PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, on the regulation of IL-1beta, IL-1ra and IL-1 receptor I (IL-1RI) expression in ischaemic brain after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 90 min.	Pioglitazone	57-69	interleukin 1 receptor antagonist	Rattus norvegicus	102-108
20410836-6	2010	The mechanisms of the IL-1ra regulation by pioglitazone and the neuroprotection under excitotoxic neuronal injury were studied in primary cortical neurones expressing PPARgamma and PPAR beta/delta.	Pioglitazone	43-55	interleukin 1 receptor antagonist	Rattus norvegicus	22-28
20410836-8	2010	Pioglitazone reduced IL-1beta, but upregulated IL-1ra and increased the number of IL-1ra immunoreactive cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 1 receptor antagonist	Rattus norvegicus	47-53
20410836-8	2010	Pioglitazone reduced IL-1beta, but upregulated IL-1ra and increased the number of IL-1ra immunoreactive cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 1 receptor antagonist	Rattus norvegicus	82-88
20410836-9	2010	In primary cortical neurones, pioglitazone stimulated the IL-1ra production via activation of the PPARbeta/delta, but prevented excitotoxic neuronal injury and death by a PPARgamma-dependent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	30-42	interleukin 1 receptor antagonist	Rattus norvegicus	58-64
20410836-9	2010	In primary cortical neurones, pioglitazone stimulated the IL-1ra production via activation of the PPARbeta/delta, but prevented excitotoxic neuronal injury and death by a PPARgamma-dependent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	30-42	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	Rattus norvegicus	98-106
20410836-9	2010	In primary cortical neurones, pioglitazone stimulated the IL-1ra production via activation of the PPARbeta/delta, but prevented excitotoxic neuronal injury and death by a PPARgamma-dependent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	30-42	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	171-180
20650758-9	2010	When PPAR gamma was specifically inhibited by GW9662 and PPARgamma-SiRNA, the protective effects of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone were almost undetectable, and the apoptotic rate increased and insulin secretion decreased to the level of the cytokine-treated cells.	Pioglitazone	118-130	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	5-15
20814070-2	2010	Pioglitazone as an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is used as anti-diabetic drug and has additionally gastroprotective activities.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	30-78
20814070-2	2010	Pioglitazone as an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is used as anti-diabetic drug and has additionally gastroprotective activities.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	80-89
20814070-19	2010	Interestingly, the ulcer healing and gastroprotective effects of pioglitazone were weak under diabetic conditions, and this effect on ulcer healing was accompanied by impaired angiogenesis due to decreased PECAM-1 expression, attenuated expression of COX-2 and the increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines compared to those in diabetic rats treated with vehicle.	Pioglitazone	65-77	platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	206-213
20814070-19	2010	Interestingly, the ulcer healing and gastroprotective effects of pioglitazone were weak under diabetic conditions, and this effect on ulcer healing was accompanied by impaired angiogenesis due to decreased PECAM-1 expression, attenuated expression of COX-2 and the increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines compared to those in diabetic rats treated with vehicle.	Pioglitazone	65-77	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	251-256
20650758-9	2010	When PPAR gamma was specifically inhibited by GW9662 and PPARgamma-SiRNA, the protective effects of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone were almost undetectable, and the apoptotic rate increased and insulin secretion decreased to the level of the cytokine-treated cells.	Pioglitazone	118-130	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	57-66
20566445-14	2010	On the other hand, pioglitazone normalized elevated renal glycogen content and increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity.	Pioglitazone	19-31	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	89-122
20566448-0	2010	Pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma ligand inhibited the nicotinamide-streptozotocin induced sperm abnormalities in type-2 diabetic Wistar rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
20566448-2	2010	Pioglitazone (PIO), a PPAR-gamma ligand is known to possess the antioxidant property however, its role on the oxidative stress mediated germinal damage in Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is poorly studies in the literature.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
20566448-2	2010	Pioglitazone (PIO), a PPAR-gamma ligand is known to possess the antioxidant property however, its role on the oxidative stress mediated germinal damage in Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is poorly studies in the literature.	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
20371128-0	2010	Hydrochloride pioglitazone decreases urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 excretion in type 2 diabetics.	Pioglitazone	14-26	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	45-79
20467188-0	2010	Pioglitazone decreases plasma angiotensin II concentration in type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	30-44
20467188-3	2010	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pioglitazone on plasma AII in type 2 diabetes (T2D).	Pioglitazone	55-67	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	78-81
20467188-7	2010	RESULTS: In the pioglitazone group, the mean HbA1c decreased (p&lt;0.0001), LPL mass increased (p&lt;0.0001), and plasma AII decreased (p=0.0007), whereas these parameters were unchanged in the control group.	Pioglitazone	16-28	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	76-79
20467188-7	2010	RESULTS: In the pioglitazone group, the mean HbA1c decreased (p&lt;0.0001), LPL mass increased (p&lt;0.0001), and plasma AII decreased (p=0.0007), whereas these parameters were unchanged in the control group.	Pioglitazone	16-28	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	121-124
20467188-8	2010	The change in plasma AII correlated negatively with the change in LPL mass (r=-0.312) in the pioglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	93-105	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	21-24
20467188-8	2010	The change in plasma AII correlated negatively with the change in LPL mass (r=-0.312) in the pioglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	93-105	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	66-69
20467188-9	2010	In the pioglitazone group, the decrease in plasma AII was higher (p=0.0002) and the increase in LPL mass tended to be higher (p=0.0941) in the subgroup with higher baseline plasma AII than that with lower plasma AII.	Pioglitazone	7-19	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	50-53
20467188-9	2010	In the pioglitazone group, the decrease in plasma AII was higher (p=0.0002) and the increase in LPL mass tended to be higher (p=0.0941) in the subgroup with higher baseline plasma AII than that with lower plasma AII.	Pioglitazone	7-19	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	96-99
20467188-9	2010	In the pioglitazone group, the decrease in plasma AII was higher (p=0.0002) and the increase in LPL mass tended to be higher (p=0.0941) in the subgroup with higher baseline plasma AII than that with lower plasma AII.	Pioglitazone	7-19	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	180-183
20467188-9	2010	In the pioglitazone group, the decrease in plasma AII was higher (p=0.0002) and the increase in LPL mass tended to be higher (p=0.0941) in the subgroup with higher baseline plasma AII than that with lower plasma AII.	Pioglitazone	7-19	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	180-183
20467188-10	2010	CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicates that pioglitazone decreases plasma AII associated with an increase in LPL mass in T2D.	Pioglitazone	46-58	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	76-79
20467188-10	2010	CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicates that pioglitazone decreases plasma AII associated with an increase in LPL mass in T2D.	Pioglitazone	46-58	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	111-114
20371128-1	2010	AIM: To observe the effects of hydrochloride pioglitazone on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) excretion in type 2 diabetics and explore its reno-protective mechanism.	Pioglitazone	45-57	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	61-95
20371128-1	2010	AIM: To observe the effects of hydrochloride pioglitazone on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) excretion in type 2 diabetics and explore its reno-protective mechanism.	Pioglitazone	45-57	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	97-102
20371128-8	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone can decrease urinary albumin and MCP-1 excretion in type 2 diabetics, which may partly contribute to its reno-protection by inhibiting the inflammation reaction in vivo.	Pioglitazone	13-25	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	59-64
24843413-9	2010	We also found that metformin and pioglitazone promote mitochondrial biogenesis through the same AMPK-PGC-1alpha pathway.	Pioglitazone	33-45	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	101-111
20392866-0	2010	Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is increased in obese subjects and decreases in response to pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	87-99	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	0-26
20392866-2	2010	OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the investigation were to study MMP-9 regulation by insulin resistance and pioglitazone treatment in impaired glucose tolerant subjects using adipose tissue biopsies and study the mechanism of MMP-9 regulation by pioglitazone in adipocyte cultures.	Pioglitazone	105-117	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	62-67
20392866-2	2010	OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the investigation were to study MMP-9 regulation by insulin resistance and pioglitazone treatment in impaired glucose tolerant subjects using adipose tissue biopsies and study the mechanism of MMP-9 regulation by pioglitazone in adipocyte cultures.	Pioglitazone	243-255	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	223-228
20392866-8	2010	The improvement in insulin sensitivity from pioglitazone resulted in a 52 +/- 0.2% reduction in MMP-9 mRNA.	Pioglitazone	44-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
20392866-8	2010	The improvement in insulin sensitivity from pioglitazone resulted in a 52 +/- 0.2% reduction in MMP-9 mRNA.	Pioglitazone	44-56	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	96-101
20392866-10	2010	Pioglitazone also decreased MMP-9 in 3T3-F442A adipocytes and THP1 macrophages.	Pioglitazone	0-12	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	28-33
20392866-10	2010	Pioglitazone also decreased MMP-9 in 3T3-F442A adipocytes and THP1 macrophages.	Pioglitazone	0-12	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	62-66
20392866-11	2010	Coculture of adipocytes with macrophages augmented MMP-9 expression in adipocytes and pioglitazone decreased MMP-9 in both adipocytes and macrophages.	Pioglitazone	86-98	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	109-114
20392866-12	2010	CONCLUSION: These data indicate that MMP-9 is elevated in insulin resistance and is reduced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	95-107	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	37-42
24843413-8	2010	Furthermore, we found that metformin and pioglitazone, both of which have the ability to reduce diabetic vascular complications, could ameliorate hyperglycemia-induced mtROS production by the induction of PPARgamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) and MnSOD and/or activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	Pioglitazone	41-53	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	205-233
24843413-8	2010	Furthermore, we found that metformin and pioglitazone, both of which have the ability to reduce diabetic vascular complications, could ameliorate hyperglycemia-induced mtROS production by the induction of PPARgamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) and MnSOD and/or activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	Pioglitazone	41-53	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	235-245
24843413-8	2010	Furthermore, we found that metformin and pioglitazone, both of which have the ability to reduce diabetic vascular complications, could ameliorate hyperglycemia-induced mtROS production by the induction of PPARgamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) and MnSOD and/or activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	Pioglitazone	41-53	superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	251-256
20197197-1	2010	Pioglitazone is prescribed to improve insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and has been discussed as a therapy for metabolic syndrome.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	38-45
20015525-10	2010	There was a significant correlation between HOMA-IR decrease and ADN increase, and between HOMA-IR decrease and R and TNF-alpha decrease in pioglitazone plus metformin group after the treatment.	Pioglitazone	140-152	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	118-127
20197197-9	2010	Pioglitazone effectively improved metabolic status by significantly decreasing fasting glucose and triglycerides and increasing adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	128-139
20725514-5	2010	Notably, accumulating evidence has highlighted the therapeutic potential of PPARgamma ligands in the treatment of brain disorders such as Alzheimer"s disease (AD), leading to the testing of the TZDs pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in AD clinical trials.	Pioglitazone	199-211	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	76-85
20530928-6	2010	To improve her insulin resistance, we administered pioglitazone therapy for 1 week; however, subsequent laboratory findings did not indicate any improvement in her liver damage.	Pioglitazone	51-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
20646597-8	2010	Insulin, dexamethasone, pioglitazone, free fatty acids can significantly increase RBP4 mRNA expression, compared with the control group, respectively, have an increase of 2.13 times, 0.84 times, 2.04 times, 4.88 times; however, tumor necrosis factor-alpha can significantly lower RBP4 mRNA level, compared with the control group decreased by 38%.	Pioglitazone	24-36	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	82-86
20646597-8	2010	Insulin, dexamethasone, pioglitazone, free fatty acids can significantly increase RBP4 mRNA expression, compared with the control group, respectively, have an increase of 2.13 times, 0.84 times, 2.04 times, 4.88 times; however, tumor necrosis factor-alpha can significantly lower RBP4 mRNA level, compared with the control group decreased by 38%.	Pioglitazone	24-36	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	228-255
20646597-8	2010	Insulin, dexamethasone, pioglitazone, free fatty acids can significantly increase RBP4 mRNA expression, compared with the control group, respectively, have an increase of 2.13 times, 0.84 times, 2.04 times, 4.88 times; however, tumor necrosis factor-alpha can significantly lower RBP4 mRNA level, compared with the control group decreased by 38%.	Pioglitazone	24-36	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	280-284
20646597-10	2010	In vitro system, RBP4 gene expression in visceral adipose tissue of normal weight normal glucose subjects was regulated by insulin, dexamethasone, pioglitazone, palmitic acid and TNF-alpha, such factors were also participated in the pathophysiological process of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	147-159	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	17-21
20185806-10	2010	MGL1(med)/CD11c(+) ATMPhis expressing elevated PGC-1alpha, PPAR-alpha, and Ym-1 transcripts were selectively enriched in eAT of obese mice fed pioglitazone for 6 days, confirming the M2 features of the MGL1(med)/CD11c(+) eATMPhi transcriptional profile and implicating PPAR activation in its elicitation.	Pioglitazone	143-155	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	59-69
20185806-10	2010	MGL1(med)/CD11c(+) ATMPhis expressing elevated PGC-1alpha, PPAR-alpha, and Ym-1 transcripts were selectively enriched in eAT of obese mice fed pioglitazone for 6 days, confirming the M2 features of the MGL1(med)/CD11c(+) eATMPhi transcriptional profile and implicating PPAR activation in its elicitation.	Pioglitazone	143-155	C-type lectin domain family 10, member A	Mus musculus	202-206
20185806-10	2010	MGL1(med)/CD11c(+) ATMPhis expressing elevated PGC-1alpha, PPAR-alpha, and Ym-1 transcripts were selectively enriched in eAT of obese mice fed pioglitazone for 6 days, confirming the M2 features of the MGL1(med)/CD11c(+) eATMPhi transcriptional profile and implicating PPAR activation in its elicitation.	Pioglitazone	143-155	integrin alpha X	Mus musculus	212-217
20185806-10	2010	MGL1(med)/CD11c(+) ATMPhis expressing elevated PGC-1alpha, PPAR-alpha, and Ym-1 transcripts were selectively enriched in eAT of obese mice fed pioglitazone for 6 days, confirming the M2 features of the MGL1(med)/CD11c(+) eATMPhi transcriptional profile and implicating PPAR activation in its elicitation.	Pioglitazone	143-155	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	59-63
20415685-10	2010	Insulin sensitizers, including pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, and lipid-lowering agents, including statins and fibrates, also upregulate adiponectin and ameliorate liver histology.	Pioglitazone	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
20415685-10	2010	Insulin sensitizers, including pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, and lipid-lowering agents, including statins and fibrates, also upregulate adiponectin and ameliorate liver histology.	Pioglitazone	31-43	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	138-149
20221981-7	2010	Pioglitazone, a full PPARgamma agonist, stabilized adiponectin production at days 8-16 after differentiation, whereas telmisartan, a partial PPARgamma agonist, showed variable response.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	21-30
20221981-7	2010	Pioglitazone, a full PPARgamma agonist, stabilized adiponectin production at days 8-16 after differentiation, whereas telmisartan, a partial PPARgamma agonist, showed variable response.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	51-62
20237169-4	2010	RESULTS: A rapid and sustained decrease in insulin dose was observed with pioglitazone vs. a progressive increase with placebo.	Pioglitazone	74-86	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
20237169-5	2010	By study end, the mean insulin dose was lower with pioglitazone (42 vs. 55 U/d with placebo; P &lt; 0.0001).	Pioglitazone	51-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	23-30
20237169-6	2010	The insulin regimen (number on insulin, need for multiple injections, and reduction in oral agents) had been simplified vs. placebo; nevertheless, a greater glycosylated hemoglobin reduction was observed with pioglitazone (-0.93%) vs. placebo (-0.45%; P &lt; 0.0001).	Pioglitazone	209-221	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
20237169-7	2010	At the final visit, insulin had been discontinued in 9% of pioglitazone vs. 2% of placebo patients (P &lt; 0.0001).	Pioglitazone	59-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	20-27
20237169-8	2010	More insulin-resistant patients (defined as poorly controlled type 2 diabetes despite high doses of insulin) in the pioglitazone plus insulin group showed the greatest glycosylated hemoglobin decline.	Pioglitazone	116-128	insulin	Homo sapiens	5-12
20237169-8	2010	More insulin-resistant patients (defined as poorly controlled type 2 diabetes despite high doses of insulin) in the pioglitazone plus insulin group showed the greatest glycosylated hemoglobin decline.	Pioglitazone	116-128	insulin	Homo sapiens	100-107
20237169-8	2010	More insulin-resistant patients (defined as poorly controlled type 2 diabetes despite high doses of insulin) in the pioglitazone plus insulin group showed the greatest glycosylated hemoglobin decline.	Pioglitazone	116-128	insulin	Homo sapiens	100-107
20237169-9	2010	There were nonsignificant reductions with pioglitazone relative to placebo in the cardiovascular primary (hazard ratio 0.86; 95% confidence interval 0.71, 1.04; P = 0.1198) and main secondary (hazard ratio 0.85; 95% confidence interval 0.67, 1.08; P = 0.1831) end points in insulin-treated patients.	Pioglitazone	42-54	insulin	Homo sapiens	274-281
20237169-11	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone use in combination with insulin resulted in a sustained improved glycemic control and allowed the treatment regimens to be simplified and the insulin doses reduced.	Pioglitazone	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	168-175
20513338-0	2010	High-sensitivity C-reactive protein predicts cardiovascular risk in diabetic and nondiabetic patients: effects of insulin-sensitizing treatment with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	149-161	insulin	Homo sapiens	114-121
20513338-11	2010	The anti-inflammatory effect appeared to be a rapid physiologic reaction on PPARgamma activation and could be observed within a short-term interval after starting pioglitazone therapy.	Pioglitazone	163-175	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	76-85
19910937-7	2010	Insulin resistance (steady-state plasma insulin and glucose (SSPG)) decreased following pioglitazone (P &lt; 0.001).	Pioglitazone	88-100	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
20185806-10	2010	MGL1(med)/CD11c(+) ATMPhis expressing elevated PGC-1alpha, PPAR-alpha, and Ym-1 transcripts were selectively enriched in eAT of obese mice fed pioglitazone for 6 days, confirming the M2 features of the MGL1(med)/CD11c(+) eATMPhi transcriptional profile and implicating PPAR activation in its elicitation.	Pioglitazone	143-155	C-type lectin domain family 10, member A	Mus musculus	0-4
20185806-10	2010	MGL1(med)/CD11c(+) ATMPhis expressing elevated PGC-1alpha, PPAR-alpha, and Ym-1 transcripts were selectively enriched in eAT of obese mice fed pioglitazone for 6 days, confirming the M2 features of the MGL1(med)/CD11c(+) eATMPhi transcriptional profile and implicating PPAR activation in its elicitation.	Pioglitazone	143-155	integrin alpha X	Mus musculus	10-15
20185806-10	2010	MGL1(med)/CD11c(+) ATMPhis expressing elevated PGC-1alpha, PPAR-alpha, and Ym-1 transcripts were selectively enriched in eAT of obese mice fed pioglitazone for 6 days, confirming the M2 features of the MGL1(med)/CD11c(+) eATMPhi transcriptional profile and implicating PPAR activation in its elicitation.	Pioglitazone	143-155	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	47-57
20409422-5	2010	This case occurred in a 77-year-old woman who developed multiple lipomas two years after beginning treatment with pioglitazone, a PPAR gamma agonist.	Pioglitazone	114-126	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	130-140
20134102-1	2010	AIM: Pioglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, showed various anti-atherosclerotic effects on type 2 diabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	5-17	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	33-81
20134102-8	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone may exert anti-atherosclerotic effects on type 2 diabetics carrying the ACE gene"s D allele and/or MTHFR gene"s 677T allele, who showed a progression of carotid atherosclerosis without the drug.	Pioglitazone	13-25	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	98-101
20134102-8	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone may exert anti-atherosclerotic effects on type 2 diabetics carrying the ACE gene"s D allele and/or MTHFR gene"s 677T allele, who showed a progression of carotid atherosclerosis without the drug.	Pioglitazone	13-25	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	125-130
20407626-13	2010	The addition of pioglitazone tends to reduce daily insulin dosages, but study findings have not been consistent.	Pioglitazone	16-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
20407626-16	2010	Combination therapy of even small doses of pioglitazone with insulin should be primarily used for patients who achieve insufficient reduction in glycemia with insulin monotherapy.	Pioglitazone	43-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	159-166
20383327-8	2010	PGC-1alpha activation with the PPARgamma agonist (Pioglitazone) or with a cAMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) agonist (AICAR) restored normal SOD2 induction.	Pioglitazone	50-62	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Sus scrofa	0-10
20383327-8	2010	PGC-1alpha activation with the PPARgamma agonist (Pioglitazone) or with a cAMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) agonist (AICAR) restored normal SOD2 induction.	Pioglitazone	50-62	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	31-40
20497691-8	2010	A 4-week calorie restriction or pioglitazone on the obese rats resulted in a partial recovery of vaspin levels in sera and periepididymal adipose tissues, especially the latter revealed a more obvious superiority and increased vaspin levels of subcutaneous adipose.	Pioglitazone	32-44	serpin family A member 12	Rattus norvegicus	97-103
20497691-8	2010	A 4-week calorie restriction or pioglitazone on the obese rats resulted in a partial recovery of vaspin levels in sera and periepididymal adipose tissues, especially the latter revealed a more obvious superiority and increased vaspin levels of subcutaneous adipose.	Pioglitazone	32-44	serpin family A member 12	Rattus norvegicus	227-233
20383327-8	2010	PGC-1alpha activation with the PPARgamma agonist (Pioglitazone) or with a cAMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) agonist (AICAR) restored normal SOD2 induction.	Pioglitazone	50-62	superoxide dismutase 2	Sus scrofa	143-147
20497691-12	2010	Pioglitazone enhanced vaspin levels in cultured 3T3-L1 cells and supernatant in various differentiated stages, and this effect became more and more obvious along with the change of preadipocytes into mature fat cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 12	Mus musculus	22-28
20383327-9	2010	Treatment of the KIKO mice with Pioglitazone significantly up-regulates SOD2 in cerebellum and spinal cord.	Pioglitazone	32-44	superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	72-76
20367191-1	2010	IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD: PPARgamma full agonists (pioglitazone and rosiglitazone) are the mainstay drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes; however, mechanism-based side effects have limited their full therapeutic potential.	Pioglitazone	50-62	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	25-34
20091537-0	2010	Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome, oligo amenorrhoea and subfertility.	Pioglitazone	53-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
19851831-6	2010	It was found that acetylated low-density lipoprotein (AcLDL), pioglitazone [a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist] increased adipophilin expression in macrophages, while glucose had no such affect.	Pioglitazone	62-74	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	78-126
19851831-6	2010	It was found that acetylated low-density lipoprotein (AcLDL), pioglitazone [a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist] increased adipophilin expression in macrophages, while glucose had no such affect.	Pioglitazone	62-74	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	128-137
19851831-6	2010	It was found that acetylated low-density lipoprotein (AcLDL), pioglitazone [a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist] increased adipophilin expression in macrophages, while glucose had no such affect.	Pioglitazone	62-74	perilipin 2	Homo sapiens	158-169
20064974-6	2010	The neolignans bound to the PPAR gamma LBD with EC(50) values in the nanomolar range, exhibiting a binding pattern highly similar to the clinically used agonist pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	161-173	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	28-38
20107770-3	2010	Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) such as pioglitazone activate PPARgamma and are clinically used as antidiabetics.	Pioglitazone	34-46	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	56-65
20107770-11	2010	Furthermore, an increase in myocyte size and atrial natriuretic factor was observed in pioglitazone- compared to placebo-treated animals 4 weeks after aortic banding as well.	Pioglitazone	87-99	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	45-70
20144689-1	2010	Pioglitazone is an FDA-approved peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	32-80
20144689-1	2010	Pioglitazone is an FDA-approved peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	82-91
20004657-0	2010	Effect of pioglitazone on insulin resistance in fructose-drinking rats correlates with AGEs/RAGE inhibition and block of NADPH oxidase and NF kappa B activation.	Pioglitazone	10-22	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	92-96
20004657-8	2010	The results showed that pioglitazone treatment reduced the escape latency in Morris water maze test, decreased AGE/RAGE expression in the cerebral cortex of fructose-drinking rats.	Pioglitazone	24-36	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	115-119
20004657-12	2010	Pioglitazone administration can improve cognition function probably related to its effect of decreasing the activation of AGEs-RAGE system, which correlates with block of NAPDH oxidase and NF-kappaB activation in this rodent model of insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	0-12	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	127-131
19920213-0	2010	Molecular mechanism by which pioglitazone preserves pancreatic beta-cells in obese diabetic mice: evidence for acute and chronic actions as a PPARgamma agonist.	Pioglitazone	29-41	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	142-151
19920213-6	2010	In db/db mice, pioglitazone downregulated the apoptosis-promoting caspase-activated DNase gene and upregulated anti-apoptosis-related genes.	Pioglitazone	15-27	DNA fragmentation factor, beta subunit	Mus musculus	66-89
20105179-1	2010	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists, such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, sensitize cells to insulin, and are therefore used to treat type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	121-133	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	24-72
20105179-1	2010	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists, such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, sensitize cells to insulin, and are therefore used to treat type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	121-133	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	74-83
20105179-1	2010	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists, such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, sensitize cells to insulin, and are therefore used to treat type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	121-133	insulin	Homo sapiens	154-161
20146161-8	2010	Nevertheless, the positive findings did not result from better glycemic control, but from the complexity of effects of PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone on insulin resistance, lipoprotein spectrum, blood pressure, endothelial function and biomarkers of subclinical inflammation.	Pioglitazone	137-149	insulin	Homo sapiens	153-160
19834871-1	2010	Pioglitazone is used to improve insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
19884280-7	2010	Classic cytochrome P450 inducers did not affect CYP26 transcription, whereas the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists pioglitazone and rosiglitazone up-regulated CYP26B1 transcription by as much as 209- +/- 80-fold and CYP26A1 by 10-fold.	Pioglitazone	146-158	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	81-123
19884280-7	2010	Classic cytochrome P450 inducers did not affect CYP26 transcription, whereas the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists pioglitazone and rosiglitazone up-regulated CYP26B1 transcription by as much as 209- +/- 80-fold and CYP26A1 by 10-fold.	Pioglitazone	146-158	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	125-129
19884280-7	2010	Classic cytochrome P450 inducers did not affect CYP26 transcription, whereas the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists pioglitazone and rosiglitazone up-regulated CYP26B1 transcription by as much as 209- +/- 80-fold and CYP26A1 by 10-fold.	Pioglitazone	146-158	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	190-197
19884280-7	2010	Classic cytochrome P450 inducers did not affect CYP26 transcription, whereas the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists pioglitazone and rosiglitazone up-regulated CYP26B1 transcription by as much as 209- +/- 80-fold and CYP26A1 by 10-fold.	Pioglitazone	146-158	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	247-254
19884280-8	2010	RARbeta was also up-regulated by pioglitazone and rosiglitazone.	Pioglitazone	33-45	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	0-7
20158088-3	2010	In Japan, pioglitazone hydrochloride (Actos) is the only drug which targets PPARgamma among antidiabetic drugs.	Pioglitazone	10-36	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	76-85
20158093-4	2010	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma ligand, has been recognized as antidiabetic agents for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and effective and safety profile of pioglitazone has been established in PROactive study.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	16-25
20158093-4	2010	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma ligand, has been recognized as antidiabetic agents for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and effective and safety profile of pioglitazone has been established in PROactive study.	Pioglitazone	157-169	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	16-25
20158097-1	2010	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) plays critical roles on insulin sensitivity and adipocyte differentiation, and therefore, several agonists such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone are used as anti-diabetic drugs.	Pioglitazone	176-188	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-48
20158097-1	2010	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) plays critical roles on insulin sensitivity and adipocyte differentiation, and therefore, several agonists such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone are used as anti-diabetic drugs.	Pioglitazone	176-188	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	50-59
20158097-1	2010	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) plays critical roles on insulin sensitivity and adipocyte differentiation, and therefore, several agonists such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone are used as anti-diabetic drugs.	Pioglitazone	176-188	insulin	Homo sapiens	85-92
20438519-6	2010	Additionally, upregulation of HGF secretion induced by 15d-PGJ(2) and HGF production induced by pioglitazone was revealed.	Pioglitazone	96-108	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	70-73
19858066-0	2010	Effects of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, on the urine and urothelium of the rat.	Pioglitazone	11-23	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	27-75
19858066-2	2010	Some PPARgamma agonists, such as pioglitazone, and dual PPARgamma/PPARalpha agonists, such as muraglitazar, induced urothelial bladder tumors in rats but not in mice.	Pioglitazone	33-45	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	5-14
19858066-6	2010	PPARgamma agonists (pioglitazone and troglitazone) in vitro reduced rat urothelial cell proliferation and induced uroplakin synthesis, a specific differentiation marker in urothelial cells.	Pioglitazone	20-32	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
20043878-5	2010	In differentiated adipocytes, CCDC3 mRNA expression was enhanced by insulin and pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, and suppressed by TNF-alpha, isoproterenol and norepinephrine.	Pioglitazone	80-92	coiled-coil domain containing 3	Mus musculus	30-35
20043878-5	2010	In differentiated adipocytes, CCDC3 mRNA expression was enhanced by insulin and pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, and suppressed by TNF-alpha, isoproterenol and norepinephrine.	Pioglitazone	80-92	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	96-105
19942298-6	2010	These results suggest that PPAR-gamma agonists, 15d-PGJ(2) and pioglitazone, had the anti-inflammatory effects.	Pioglitazone	63-75	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
19953004-5	2010	The TZD drugs, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, significantly inhibited TNF-alpha-induced osteoclast differentiation from both cell types and subsequent bone resorption.	Pioglitazone	33-45	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	71-80
20014301-10	2010	Treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone leads to lipid droplet induction depending on the lipid loading state of the macrophages.	Pioglitazone	76-88	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	19-67
19997078-4	2010	Moreover, pretreatment of DCs with the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone reverted these effects of Ang II on DCs via suppression of the MAPK and NF-kappaB signaling pathways at least in part.	Pioglitazone	58-70	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	39-49
19997078-4	2010	Moreover, pretreatment of DCs with the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone reverted these effects of Ang II on DCs via suppression of the MAPK and NF-kappaB signaling pathways at least in part.	Pioglitazone	58-70	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	97-103
19997078-4	2010	Moreover, pretreatment of DCs with the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone reverted these effects of Ang II on DCs via suppression of the MAPK and NF-kappaB signaling pathways at least in part.	Pioglitazone	58-70	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	143-152
19919569-0	2010	Pioglitazone improves virological response to peginterferon alpha-2b/ribavirin combination therapy in hepatitis C genotype 4 patients with insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
19919569-3	2010	The safety and efficacy of pioglitazone on insulin sensitivity and SVR in treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) genotype 4 with IR receiving standard antiviral therapy were evaluated in a randomized-controlled study.	Pioglitazone	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
19875376-6	2010	Pioglitazone increased the adiponectin level, and the change in adiponectin was negatively correlated with carotid IMT changes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	27-38
19875376-7	2010	Pioglitazone treatment increased the insulin sensitivity index compared with the control group (-0.8 +/- 3.1x10(-)(2) vs +1.1 +/- 3.7x10(-)(2), P = 0.036).	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
19875376-8	2010	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that pioglitazone treatment reduces the progression of carotid IMT and improves insulin resistance in renal allograft recipients without a history of diabetes.	Pioglitazone	40-52	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
20229808-6	2010	Several studies have shown that insulin sensitizers (pioglitazone and rosiglitazone) improve cognition and memory in patients with mild Alzheimer disease as well as animal model of Alzheimer disease.	Pioglitazone	53-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
20064719-2	2010	Recently, a search for mitochondrial proteins that bind pioglitazone identified a novel protein, mitoNEET, which was later shown to regulate the oxidative capacity of the mitochondria.	Pioglitazone	56-68	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	97-105
19889003-8	2010	At steady-state, FeLi (marker of proximal-tubular sodium delivery to the distal nephron) increased significantly with added pioglitazone (12.4 +/- 1.3 to 18.0 +/- 3.2%) vs. no significant change with insulin alone (15.4 +/- 1.2 to 14.5 +/- 2.3%).	Pioglitazone	124-136	insulin	Homo sapiens	200-207
19889003-10	2010	CONCLUSION: In intensively insulin-treated obese type 2 diabetic patients, at equivalent glycaemic control, the addition of pioglitazone causes greater weight gain, but a similar increase in body water that is mainly extracellular and interstitial compared with intracellular increase with insulin therapy alone.	Pioglitazone	124-136	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
20050918-3	2010	Apoptosis was induced in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes by treatment with troglitazone, pioglitazone or prostaglandin J2, and could be blocked by the PPARgamma antagonist GW9662.	Pioglitazone	82-94	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	144-153
19864959-5	2010	These benefits of the combination of pioglitazone and candesartan in db/db mice were attributed to additive attenuation of cardiorenal oxidative stress, through the attenuation of NADPH oxidase or the restoration of Cu/Zn-SOD and EC-SOD.	Pioglitazone	37-49	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	216-225
19864959-5	2010	These benefits of the combination of pioglitazone and candesartan in db/db mice were attributed to additive attenuation of cardiorenal oxidative stress, through the attenuation of NADPH oxidase or the restoration of Cu/Zn-SOD and EC-SOD.	Pioglitazone	37-49	superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular	Mus musculus	230-236
20653327-5	2010	PPAR-alpha agonists such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are used in clinical practice for the treatment of diabetes, and there is some evidence that pioglitazone may have positive effects on cardiovascular complications by virtue of its favorable effects on lipid profiles.	Pioglitazone	46-58	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-10
20653327-5	2010	PPAR-alpha agonists such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are used in clinical practice for the treatment of diabetes, and there is some evidence that pioglitazone may have positive effects on cardiovascular complications by virtue of its favorable effects on lipid profiles.	Pioglitazone	152-164	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-10
19861583-7	2010	Treatment of differentiated adipocytes with PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone upregulated VLDLR expression in dose- and time-dependent manners.	Pioglitazone	62-74	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	44-53
19861583-7	2010	Treatment of differentiated adipocytes with PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone upregulated VLDLR expression in dose- and time-dependent manners.	Pioglitazone	62-74	very low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	87-92
19861583-9	2010	Induction of VLDLR is also demonstrated in vivo in adipose tissue of wild-type (WT) mice treated with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	102-114	very low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	13-18
19910632-8	2010	Pioglitazone reduced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha expression in ischemic retina in WT mice but not in APN-KO mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	21-54
19910632-9	2010	Furthermore, pioglitazone increased plasma APN levels in TNF-alpha-KO mice but did not affect ischemia-induced pathological retinal neovascularization in this strain.	Pioglitazone	13-25	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	43-46
19910632-9	2010	Furthermore, pioglitazone increased plasma APN levels in TNF-alpha-KO mice but did not affect ischemia-induced pathological retinal neovascularization in this strain.	Pioglitazone	13-25	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	57-66
20798535-2	2010	Pioglitazone, one of the thiazolidinedione compounds, is a PPAR ligand activator and a clinically important PPAR agonist.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	59-63
20798535-2	2010	Pioglitazone, one of the thiazolidinedione compounds, is a PPAR ligand activator and a clinically important PPAR agonist.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	108-112
20160397-0	2010	Effect of pioglitazone on various parameters of insulin resistance including lipoprotein subclass according to particle size by a gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	10-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
20160397-1	2010	Pioglitazone is an insulin-sensitizing agent that has been reported to have anti-arteriosclerotic effects.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
20160397-2	2010	The aim of this study was to obtain a better understanding of the mechanism involved in the insulin sensitizing effect of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	122-134	insulin	Homo sapiens	92-99
20160397-6	2010	Pioglitazone treatment, but not metformin treatment resulted in significant reductions in serum large very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL: 44.5-64.0 nm) and increases in serum adiponectin levels (both &lt;0.001).	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	175-186
20160397-8	2010	The results in this study suggest that the hypoglycemic effect of pioglitazone is achieved mainly through improvement of hepatic insulin resistance, and that pioglitazone may have an antiatherosclerotic effect by decreasing serum atherogenic modified-LDL and by increasing adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	158-170	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	273-284
19879669-3	2010	It showed a PPARgamma agonistic activity similar to that of a known PPARgamma drug, pioglitazone, in a cell-based transactivation assay.	Pioglitazone	84-96	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	68-77
19933924-0	2010	Evidence for the importance of adiponectin in the cardioprotective effects of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	78-90	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	31-42
19933924-1	2010	The favorable effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand pioglitazone on glucose metabolism are associated with an increase in the fat-derived hormone adiponectin in the bloodstream.	Pioglitazone	85-97	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	29-77
19933924-1	2010	The favorable effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand pioglitazone on glucose metabolism are associated with an increase in the fat-derived hormone adiponectin in the bloodstream.	Pioglitazone	85-97	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	179-190
19933924-3	2010	However, the functional role of adiponectin in cardioprotection by pioglitazone has not been examined experimentally.	Pioglitazone	67-79	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	32-43
19933924-7	2010	Treatment of wild-type mice with pioglitazone attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, and transforming growth factor-beta1 expression in response to Ang II.	Pioglitazone	33-45	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	91-182
19933924-7	2010	Treatment of wild-type mice with pioglitazone attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, and transforming growth factor-beta1 expression in response to Ang II.	Pioglitazone	33-45	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	209-215
19933924-8	2010	Pioglitazone also increased the plasma adiponectin level and phosphorylation of cardiac AMP-activated protein kinase in wild-type mice in the presence of Ang II.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	39-50
19933924-8	2010	Pioglitazone also increased the plasma adiponectin level and phosphorylation of cardiac AMP-activated protein kinase in wild-type mice in the presence of Ang II.	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	154-160
19933924-9	2010	The suppressive effects of pioglitazone on Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis were diminished in adiponectin-deficient mice.	Pioglitazone	27-39	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	43-49
19933924-9	2010	The suppressive effects of pioglitazone on Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis were diminished in adiponectin-deficient mice.	Pioglitazone	27-39	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	110-121
19933924-11	2010	These data provide direct evidence that pioglitazone protects against Ang II-induced pathological cardiac remodeling via an adiponectin-dependent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	40-52	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	70-76
19933924-11	2010	These data provide direct evidence that pioglitazone protects against Ang II-induced pathological cardiac remodeling via an adiponectin-dependent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	40-52	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	124-135
19956851-7	2010	Among the PPARgamma ligands, pioglitazone and 15d-PGJ(2) clearly inhibited the HBV-associated HCC cell growth and increased the proportion of cells in the sub-G1 phase in the cell-cycle analysis.	Pioglitazone	29-41	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	10-19
20110608-0	2010	The thiazolidinedione pioglitazone increases cholesterol biosynthetic gene expression in primary cortical neurons by a PPARgamma-independent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	22-34	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	119-128
20110608-4	2010	We observed that pioglitazone, but not GW347845, increased cholesterol biosynthetic and lipogenic gene expression after 6 h, and the expression of the cholesterol efflux transporters Abca1 and Abcg1 after 24 h. Co-treatment of pioglitazone with the PPARgamma antagonist GW9662 did not significantly reduce these effects, suggesting a PPARgamma-independent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	17-29	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	183-188
20110608-4	2010	We observed that pioglitazone, but not GW347845, increased cholesterol biosynthetic and lipogenic gene expression after 6 h, and the expression of the cholesterol efflux transporters Abca1 and Abcg1 after 24 h. Co-treatment of pioglitazone with the PPARgamma antagonist GW9662 did not significantly reduce these effects, suggesting a PPARgamma-independent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	17-29	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1	Homo sapiens	193-198
20110608-4	2010	We observed that pioglitazone, but not GW347845, increased cholesterol biosynthetic and lipogenic gene expression after 6 h, and the expression of the cholesterol efflux transporters Abca1 and Abcg1 after 24 h. Co-treatment of pioglitazone with the PPARgamma antagonist GW9662 did not significantly reduce these effects, suggesting a PPARgamma-independent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	17-29	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	249-258
20110608-4	2010	We observed that pioglitazone, but not GW347845, increased cholesterol biosynthetic and lipogenic gene expression after 6 h, and the expression of the cholesterol efflux transporters Abca1 and Abcg1 after 24 h. Co-treatment of pioglitazone with the PPARgamma antagonist GW9662 did not significantly reduce these effects, suggesting a PPARgamma-independent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	17-29	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	334-343
20369462-0	2010	[Effects of pioglitazone on the transdifferentiation and CTGF expression of renal tubular epithelial-myofibroblast in vitro].	Pioglitazone	12-24	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	57-61
20158101-4	2010	Indeed, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, ligands for PPARgamma, improve insulin resistance in diabetic patients, and now become one of the most popular anti-diabetic drugs in the developed countries.	Pioglitazone	8-20	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	52-61
20158101-4	2010	Indeed, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, ligands for PPARgamma, improve insulin resistance in diabetic patients, and now become one of the most popular anti-diabetic drugs in the developed countries.	Pioglitazone	8-20	insulin	Homo sapiens	71-78
20158105-3	2010	Pharmacologic treatment with thiazolidinedions, such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, agonists of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), may offer some therapeutic relief of AD by lowering peripheral insulin and enhancing insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	74-86	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	121-169
20158105-3	2010	Pharmacologic treatment with thiazolidinedions, such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, agonists of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), may offer some therapeutic relief of AD by lowering peripheral insulin and enhancing insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	74-86	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	171-180
20158105-3	2010	Pharmacologic treatment with thiazolidinedions, such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, agonists of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), may offer some therapeutic relief of AD by lowering peripheral insulin and enhancing insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	74-86	insulin	Homo sapiens	246-253
20158105-3	2010	Pharmacologic treatment with thiazolidinedions, such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, agonists of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), may offer some therapeutic relief of AD by lowering peripheral insulin and enhancing insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	74-86	insulin	Homo sapiens	268-275
19793594-7	2010	Telmisartan abolished weight and fat gain in vehicle- and pioglitazone-treated mice while decreasing food intake, the hypothalamic expression of the agouti-related protein, and plasma leptin levels.	Pioglitazone	58-70	agouti related neuropeptide	Mus musculus	149-171
21052534-0	2010	Pioglitazone Attenuates Cystic Burden in the PCK Rodent Model of Polycystic Kidney Disease.	Pioglitazone	0-12	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
21052534-3	2010	Based on an observation that PPARgamma agonists such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone decrease mRNA levels of a Cl(-) transport protein, CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), and the Cl(-) secretory response to vasopressin in cultured renal cells, it is hypothesized that PPARgamma agonists will inhibit cyst growth.	Pioglitazone	56-68	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	29-38
21052534-3	2010	Based on an observation that PPARgamma agonists such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone decrease mRNA levels of a Cl(-) transport protein, CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), and the Cl(-) secretory response to vasopressin in cultured renal cells, it is hypothesized that PPARgamma agonists will inhibit cyst growth.	Pioglitazone	56-68	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	138-142
21052534-3	2010	Based on an observation that PPARgamma agonists such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone decrease mRNA levels of a Cl(-) transport protein, CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), and the Cl(-) secretory response to vasopressin in cultured renal cells, it is hypothesized that PPARgamma agonists will inhibit cyst growth.	Pioglitazone	56-68	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	144-195
21052534-3	2010	Based on an observation that PPARgamma agonists such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone decrease mRNA levels of a Cl(-) transport protein, CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), and the Cl(-) secretory response to vasopressin in cultured renal cells, it is hypothesized that PPARgamma agonists will inhibit cyst growth.	Pioglitazone	56-68	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	234-245
21052534-3	2010	Based on an observation that PPARgamma agonists such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone decrease mRNA levels of a Cl(-) transport protein, CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), and the Cl(-) secretory response to vasopressin in cultured renal cells, it is hypothesized that PPARgamma agonists will inhibit cyst growth.	Pioglitazone	56-68	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	295-304
21052534-4	2010	The current studies show that a 7- or 14-week pioglitazone feeding regimen inhibits renal and hepatic bile duct cyst growth in the PCK rat, a rodent model orthologous to human PKD.	Pioglitazone	46-58	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-134
19745605-4	2009	PPAR-gamma activation with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone induced a profound change of unilocular adipocytes into smaller, multilocular adipocytes in adult WAT in a time-dependent, dose-dependent, and reversible manner.	Pioglitazone	44-56	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-10
19800324-4	2009	In the present study, we examined the effects of a PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, on glucose metabolism in cultured rat neurons and astroglia.	Pioglitazone	70-82	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	51-60
19800324-11	2009	These actions of pioglitazone were not inhibited by 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide (GW9662), a potent antagonist of PPARgamma, and were not mimicked by N-(2-benzoylphenyl)-O-[2-(methyl-2-pyridinylamino)ethyl]-l-tyrosine (GW1929), a non-thiazolidinedione PPARgamma agonist.	Pioglitazone	17-29	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	113-122
19800324-11	2009	These actions of pioglitazone were not inhibited by 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide (GW9662), a potent antagonist of PPARgamma, and were not mimicked by N-(2-benzoylphenyl)-O-[2-(methyl-2-pyridinylamino)ethyl]-l-tyrosine (GW1929), a non-thiazolidinedione PPARgamma agonist.	Pioglitazone	17-29	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	251-260
19614891-6	2009	Mean intrinsic clearance of pioglitazone to the metabolite M-IV was highest for CYP2C8 and CYP1A2 with 58 pmol M-IV/min/nmol CYP P450/microM pioglitazone each, 53 for CYP2D6*1, 40 for CYP2C19*1, and 34 for CYP2C9*2, respectively.	Pioglitazone	28-40	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	91-97
19614891-6	2009	Mean intrinsic clearance of pioglitazone to the metabolite M-IV was highest for CYP2C8 and CYP1A2 with 58 pmol M-IV/min/nmol CYP P450/microM pioglitazone each, 53 for CYP2D6*1, 40 for CYP2C19*1, and 34 for CYP2C9*2, respectively.	Pioglitazone	28-40	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	167-173
19614891-6	2009	Mean intrinsic clearance of pioglitazone to the metabolite M-IV was highest for CYP2C8 and CYP1A2 with 58 pmol M-IV/min/nmol CYP P450/microM pioglitazone each, 53 for CYP2D6*1, 40 for CYP2C19*1, and 34 for CYP2C9*2, respectively.	Pioglitazone	28-40	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	184-191
19614891-6	2009	Mean intrinsic clearance of pioglitazone to the metabolite M-IV was highest for CYP2C8 and CYP1A2 with 58 pmol M-IV/min/nmol CYP P450/microM pioglitazone each, 53 for CYP2D6*1, 40 for CYP2C19*1, and 34 for CYP2C9*2, respectively.	Pioglitazone	28-40	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9	Homo sapiens	206-212
19614891-6	2009	Mean intrinsic clearance of pioglitazone to the metabolite M-IV was highest for CYP2C8 and CYP1A2 with 58 pmol M-IV/min/nmol CYP P450/microM pioglitazone each, 53 for CYP2D6*1, 40 for CYP2C19*1, and 34 for CYP2C9*2, respectively.	Pioglitazone	141-153	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	80-86
19614891-8	2009	CYP2C8*1/*1 microsomes (25 +/- 4 pmol M-IV/min/mg protein/muM pioglitazone) showed lower intrinsic clearance of pioglitazone than CYP2C8*3/*3 microsomes (35 +/- 9, p = 0.04).	Pioglitazone	62-74	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	0-6
19614891-8	2009	CYP2C8*1/*1 microsomes (25 +/- 4 pmol M-IV/min/mg protein/muM pioglitazone) showed lower intrinsic clearance of pioglitazone than CYP2C8*3/*3 microsomes (35 +/- 9, p = 0.04).	Pioglitazone	112-124	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	0-6
19835463-9	2009	Reductions in HbA(1c), fasting blood glucose and fasting blood insulin levels, and an increase in HDL-C were significantly greater with pioglitazone throughout most of the study (p &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	136-148	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
19835463-10	2009	Fewer patients in the pioglitazone group commenced permanent treatment with insulin (3.3% vs. 13.7% in the control group).	Pioglitazone	22-34	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
19755409-0	2009	Pioglitazone improves insulin resistance and decreases blood pressure in adult patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
19755409-3	2009	OBJECTIVES: To assess insulin sensitivity in CAH patients and the effect of pioglitazone treatment on insulin sensitivity in CAH patients.	Pioglitazone	76-88	insulin	Homo sapiens	102-109
19755409-11	2009	Treatment with pioglitazone significantly improved insulin sensitivity in CAH patients (glucose infusion rate (GIR) from 28.5+/-11.6 to 38.9+/-11.0 micromol/kg per min, P=0.000, GIR in controls 46.2+/-23.4 micromol/kg per min, P&lt;0.05 versus CAH).	Pioglitazone	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
19755409-15	2009	Treatment with pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity and decreases blood pressure in CAH patients.	Pioglitazone	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
19822796-4	2009	Pioglitazone inhibited proliferation of NIH3T3 cells expressing PPARgamma but had little effect on control NIH3T3 cells that lack PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	64-73
19837927-12	2009	Pioglitazone decreased COL6A3 mRNA, and the change was inversely proportional to baseline COL6A3 mRNA (r = -0.95, P &lt; 0.0001).	Pioglitazone	0-12	collagen type VI alpha 3 chain	Homo sapiens	23-29
19837927-12	2009	Pioglitazone decreased COL6A3 mRNA, and the change was inversely proportional to baseline COL6A3 mRNA (r = -0.95, P &lt; 0.0001).	Pioglitazone	0-12	collagen type VI alpha 3 chain	Homo sapiens	90-96
20923525-8	2009	Osteoblasts and adipocytes are derived from a common multipotential mesenchymal stem cell progenitor, with activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 by both currently available TZDs (i.e. rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) stimulating adipogenesis and inhibiting osteoblastogenesis.	Pioglitazone	228-240	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	121-170
19442697-2	2009	Here we have studied whether two PPARgamma agonists, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, prevent loss of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells transiently exposed to glucose deprivation (GD).	Pioglitazone	53-65	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	33-42
19442697-7	2009	In conclusion our data indicate that a prolonged PPARgamma stimulation, by repeated administration of nanomolar pioglitazone or rosiglitazone concentrations, decreases GD-induced loss of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells.	Pioglitazone	112-124	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	49-58
19333142-3	2009	Several studies have implicated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists rosiglitazone and pioglitazone in inflammatory events.	Pioglitazone	112-124	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	36-84
20005349-3	2009	This study investigated the effects of pioglitazone administration in a warm hepatic I/R model on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha level, tissue injury, and antioxidant enzyme activity.	Pioglitazone	39-51	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	98-131
20005349-8	2009	RESULTS: Pioglitazone pretreatment significantly reduced liver enzyme content (ALT, 176.80 +/- 13.75 vs 235.28 +/- 31.92 and AST, 748.20 +/- 79.29 vs 944.85 +/- 101.87) and TNF-alpha level (9:8.60 +/- 8.67 vs 138.28 +/- 9.99) after I/R compared with the control group.	Pioglitazone	9-21	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	125-128
20005349-8	2009	RESULTS: Pioglitazone pretreatment significantly reduced liver enzyme content (ALT, 176.80 +/- 13.75 vs 235.28 +/- 31.92 and AST, 748.20 +/- 79.29 vs 944.85 +/- 101.87) and TNF-alpha level (9:8.60 +/- 8.67 vs 138.28 +/- 9.99) after I/R compared with the control group.	Pioglitazone	9-21	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	173-182
20005349-11	2009	CONCLUSION: The present study showed that pioglitazone administration improved hepatic I/R injury that was associated with enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and suppression of TNF-alpha, ALT, and AST levels.	Pioglitazone	42-54	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	181-190
20005349-11	2009	CONCLUSION: The present study showed that pioglitazone administration improved hepatic I/R injury that was associated with enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and suppression of TNF-alpha, ALT, and AST levels.	Pioglitazone	42-54	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	201-204
19936025-6	2009	RESULTS: Treatment with pioglitazone at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 mum significantly decreased corneal fibroblast migration, as determined by scrape-wound assay, inhibited corneal fibroblast-induced collagen lattice contraction, and reduced MMP-2 and MMP-9 secretion into the supernatant of cell cultures in a dose-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	24-36	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	250-255
19936025-6	2009	RESULTS: Treatment with pioglitazone at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 mum significantly decreased corneal fibroblast migration, as determined by scrape-wound assay, inhibited corneal fibroblast-induced collagen lattice contraction, and reduced MMP-2 and MMP-9 secretion into the supernatant of cell cultures in a dose-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	24-36	matrix metalloproteinase-9	Oryctolagus cuniculus	260-265
19936025-9	2009	CONCLUSION: This in vitro study demonstrated the anti-fibrotic effect of pioglitazone, suggesting that activation of PPARgamma may be a new approach for the treatment of corneal opacity and scar formation in the corneal wound healing process.	Pioglitazone	73-85	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	117-126
19170716-10	2009	Pioglitazone treatment significantly improved insulin sensitivity without affecting testosterone, body composition, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha and MIF levels.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
18809217-0	2010	Pioglitazone reduces tumor necrosis factor-alpha serum concentration and mRNA expression of adipose tissue in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	21-48
18809217-4	2010	The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pioglitazone on TNF-alpha serum concentration and mRNA expressions of subcutaneous adipose tissue in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.	Pioglitazone	52-64	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	68-77
18809217-8	2010	The direct effect of pioglitazone on TNF-alpha release was assayed in primary rabbit adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	21-33	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	37-46
18809217-12	2010	Though having no effect on serum glucose level and lipid profile, pioglitazone administration significantly reduced circulating TNF-alpha concentrations, which were positively correlated with TNF-alpha mRNA expressions of adipose tissue (r=0.53, P&lt;0.01).	Pioglitazone	66-78	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	128-137
18809217-12	2010	Though having no effect on serum glucose level and lipid profile, pioglitazone administration significantly reduced circulating TNF-alpha concentrations, which were positively correlated with TNF-alpha mRNA expressions of adipose tissue (r=0.53, P&lt;0.01).	Pioglitazone	66-78	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	192-201
18809217-13	2010	Pioglitazone dose-dependently inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-alpha secretion and mRNA expression in cultured adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	73-82
18809217-14	2010	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone significantly reduced serum TNF-alpha level in hypercholesterolemic rabbits independent of its metabolic actions, which may at least partly be due to its direct inhibition of TNF-alpha expression and secretion of adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	12-24	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	53-62
18809217-14	2010	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone significantly reduced serum TNF-alpha level in hypercholesterolemic rabbits independent of its metabolic actions, which may at least partly be due to its direct inhibition of TNF-alpha expression and secretion of adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	12-24	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	200-209
20814432-1	2010	Activating synthetic ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), such as pioglitazone, are commonly used to treat persons with diabetes mellitus with improvement of insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	103-115	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	33-81
20814432-1	2010	Activating synthetic ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), such as pioglitazone, are commonly used to treat persons with diabetes mellitus with improvement of insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	103-115	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	83-92
20814432-1	2010	Activating synthetic ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), such as pioglitazone, are commonly used to treat persons with diabetes mellitus with improvement of insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	103-115	insulin	Homo sapiens	195-202
20369462-11	2010	2) The phenotypic changes induced by TGF-beta were prevented by incubation with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	80-92	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-45
20369462-12	2010	Pioglitazone inhibited the expression of alpha-SMA mRNA and CTGF mRNA of NRK52E cells, and the supernatant content of collagen type III in a dose-dependent manner (P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	0-12	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	60-64
20369462-18	2010	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone may negatively regulate TEMT through inhibiting the expression of CTGF.	Pioglitazone	12-24	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	91-95
20369462-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether pioglitazone can inhibit TGF-beta-induced phenotypic remodeling of renal tubular epithelial cell and the expression of CTGF, so to illuminate the anti-fibrotic mechanism of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	34-46	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-67
20369462-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether pioglitazone can inhibit TGF-beta-induced phenotypic remodeling of renal tubular epithelial cell and the expression of CTGF, so to illuminate the anti-fibrotic mechanism of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	34-46	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	153-157
20369462-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether pioglitazone can inhibit TGF-beta-induced phenotypic remodeling of renal tubular epithelial cell and the expression of CTGF, so to illuminate the anti-fibrotic mechanism of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	207-219	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-67
19614948-1	2009	AIM: Published studies of patients treated with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone have reported greater reductions in HbA1c (A1C) than studies of patients treated with sitagliptin.	Pioglitazone	65-77	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	114-118
19690061-5	2009	Not only the numbers of M1 ATMs and the expression of M1 marker genes, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, but also the M1-to-M2 ratio were increased by an HFD and decreased by subsequent pioglitazone treatment, suggesting the correlation with whole-body insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	228-240	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	79-106
19690061-5	2009	Not only the numbers of M1 ATMs and the expression of M1 marker genes, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, but also the M1-to-M2 ratio were increased by an HFD and decreased by subsequent pioglitazone treatment, suggesting the correlation with whole-body insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	228-240	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	111-145
19924605-5	2009	Significant decreases in HbA1c and HOMA-IR were noted in the pioglitazone group, along with significant decreases in TG, AST, ALT, blood pressure, hs-CRP and PWV.	Pioglitazone	61-73	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	121-124
20085125-1	2009	BACKGROUND: The present study was conducted to assess the effect of Pioglitazone, an oral antidiabetic drug with selective PPAR-gamma agonist effect; in a dose of 4 mg/kg B.W.	Pioglitazone	68-80	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
19820024-0	2009	Pioglitazone treatment enlarges subcutaneous adipocytes in insulin-resistant patients.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
19820024-4	2009	OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to study the effects of treatment with the TZD pioglitazone on sc adipose tissue morphology and function in insulin-resistant subjects.	Pioglitazone	89-101	insulin	Homo sapiens	150-157
19820024-10	2009	RESULTS: Pioglitazone treatment significantly improved the insulin sensitivity index (placebo: 0.35 +/- 0.16 micromol/kg .	Pioglitazone	9-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
19820024-13	2009	The increase in insulin sensitivity was accompanied by a significant enlargement of the sc adipocyte cell surface (placebo: 2323 +/- 725 microm(2); pioglitazone 2821 +/- 885 microm(2), P = 0.03).	Pioglitazone	148-160	insulin	Homo sapiens	16-23
19820024-14	2009	CONCLUSIONS: In the human situation, treatment of insulin-resistant subjects with pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity, whereas at the same time, sc adipocyte cell surface increases.	Pioglitazone	82-94	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
19820024-14	2009	CONCLUSIONS: In the human situation, treatment of insulin-resistant subjects with pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity, whereas at the same time, sc adipocyte cell surface increases.	Pioglitazone	82-94	insulin	Homo sapiens	104-111
20144400-0	2009	Combined pioglitazone and metformin treatment maintains the beneficial effect of short-term insulin infusion in patients with type 2 diabetes: results from a pilot study.	Pioglitazone	9-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	92-99
20144400-1	2009	BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to examine the efficacy of short-term intravenous insulin intervention followed by oral pioglitazone/metformin therapy to prevent patients from continuous insulin application.	Pioglitazone	125-137	insulin	Homo sapiens	192-199
20144400-13	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Our pilot study demonstrated that a beneficial effect of a short-term intravenous insulin application on glycemic control was effectively maintained by pioglitazone/metformin treatment for at least 4 months.	Pioglitazone	165-177	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
19821299-0	2009	Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome, oligo amenorrhoea and subfertility.	Pioglitazone	53-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
19614891-0	2009	The role of human CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 variants in pioglitazone metabolism in vitro.	Pioglitazone	48-60	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	18-24
19614891-0	2009	The role of human CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 variants in pioglitazone metabolism in vitro.	Pioglitazone	48-60	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9	Homo sapiens	29-35
19614891-1	2009	The cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2C8 appears to have a major role in pioglitazone metabolism.	Pioglitazone	66-78	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	27-33
19614891-2	2009	The present study was conducted to further clarify the role of individual CYPs and of the CYP2C8/9 polymorphisms in the primary metabolism of pioglitazone in vitro.	Pioglitazone	142-154	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	90-96
19614891-3	2009	Pioglitazone (2-400 microM) was incubated with isolated cytochrome P450 enzymes or human liver microsomes, some of them carrying either the CYP2C8*3/*3 genotype (and also the CYP2C9*2/*2 genotype) or the CYP2C8*1/*1 genotype (five samples each).	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	140-146
19614891-3	2009	Pioglitazone (2-400 microM) was incubated with isolated cytochrome P450 enzymes or human liver microsomes, some of them carrying either the CYP2C8*3/*3 genotype (and also the CYP2C9*2/*2 genotype) or the CYP2C8*1/*1 genotype (five samples each).	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9	Homo sapiens	175-181
19614891-3	2009	Pioglitazone (2-400 microM) was incubated with isolated cytochrome P450 enzymes or human liver microsomes, some of them carrying either the CYP2C8*3/*3 genotype (and also the CYP2C9*2/*2 genotype) or the CYP2C8*1/*1 genotype (five samples each).	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	204-210
19614891-6	2009	Mean intrinsic clearance of pioglitazone to the metabolite M-IV was highest for CYP2C8 and CYP1A2 with 58 pmol M-IV/min/nmol CYP P450/microM pioglitazone each, 53 for CYP2D6*1, 40 for CYP2C19*1, and 34 for CYP2C9*2, respectively.	Pioglitazone	28-40	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	80-86
19574402-7	2009	However, knockdown in 3T3-L1 cells prevents adipogenesis induced by a standard hormone cocktail, but adipogenesis can be rescued by the addition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone at an early stage of differentiation.	Pioglitazone	205-217	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	148-196
19683825-6	2009	There was no change in IAF content after both treatments whereas significant increase in SCF content was only seen after pioglitazone treatment (p&lt;0.05 versus insulin).	Pioglitazone	121-133	insulin	Homo sapiens	162-169
19574402-9	2009	On the other hand, short hairpin RNA-knockdown of Bscl2 largely blocks pioglitazone-induced adipose differentiation.	Pioglitazone	71-83	Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy 2 (seipin)	Mus musculus	50-55
19656209-10	2009	Higher levels of brain AChE activity, TBARS and lower levels of GSH were observed in STZ treated animals, which were significantly attenuated by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	145-157	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	23-27
19574633-3	2009	MitoNEET, a 2Fe-2S outer mitochondrial membrane protein, binds pioglitazone [Colca et al.	Pioglitazone	63-75	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	0-8
19670459-1	2009	UNLABELLED: Pioglitazone treatment improves insulin resistance (IR), glucose metabolism, hepatic steatosis, and necroinflammation in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).	Pioglitazone	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
19670459-2	2009	Because abnormal lipid metabolism/elevated plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) are important to the pathophysiology of NASH, we examined the impact of pioglitazone therapy on adipose tissue insulin resistance (Adipo-IR) during the treatment of patients with NASH.	Pioglitazone	146-158	insulin	Homo sapiens	185-192
19999145-6	2009	Oral administration of pioglitazone improved the excessive insulin secretion as assessed by OGTT.	Pioglitazone	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
19737384-0	2009	Pioglitazone enhances collateral blood flow in ischemic hindlimb of diabetic mice through an Akt-dependent VEGF-mediated mechanism, regardless of PPARgamma stimulation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	93-96
19737384-0	2009	Pioglitazone enhances collateral blood flow in ischemic hindlimb of diabetic mice through an Akt-dependent VEGF-mediated mechanism, regardless of PPARgamma stimulation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	107-111
19737384-2	2009	Pioglitazone, a Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) ligand indicated for therapy of type T2DM, induces vascular effects that seem to occur independently of glucose lowering.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	16-64
19737384-2	2009	Pioglitazone, a Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) ligand indicated for therapy of type T2DM, induces vascular effects that seem to occur independently of glucose lowering.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	66-75
19737384-3	2009	METHODS: By using a hindlimb ischemia murine model, in this study we have found that pioglitazone restores the blood flow recovery and capillary density in ischemic muscle of diabetic mice and that this process is associated with increased expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF).	Pioglitazone	85-97	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	254-288
19737384-3	2009	METHODS: By using a hindlimb ischemia murine model, in this study we have found that pioglitazone restores the blood flow recovery and capillary density in ischemic muscle of diabetic mice and that this process is associated with increased expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF).	Pioglitazone	85-97	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	290-294
19737384-6	2009	CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that Akt-VEGF pathway is essential for ischemia-induced angiogenic effect of pioglitazone and that pioglitazone exerts this effect via a PPARgamma independent manner.	Pioglitazone	112-124	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	40-43
19737384-6	2009	CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that Akt-VEGF pathway is essential for ischemia-induced angiogenic effect of pioglitazone and that pioglitazone exerts this effect via a PPARgamma independent manner.	Pioglitazone	112-124	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	44-48
19737384-6	2009	CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that Akt-VEGF pathway is essential for ischemia-induced angiogenic effect of pioglitazone and that pioglitazone exerts this effect via a PPARgamma independent manner.	Pioglitazone	134-146	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	172-181
19667111-5	2009	Pioglitazone downregulated SRA gene expression in adipose tissue of subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and decreased LOX-1 mRNA in vitro.	Pioglitazone	0-12	macrophage scavenger receptor 1	Homo sapiens	27-30
19667111-5	2009	Pioglitazone downregulated SRA gene expression in adipose tissue of subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and decreased LOX-1 mRNA in vitro.	Pioglitazone	0-12	oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	123-128
19667111-9	2009	Pioglitazone and adiponectin regulate gene expression of SRA and LOX-1, and this may have clinical implications in arresting the untoward sequalae of insulin resistance and diabetes, including accelerated atherosclerosis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	macrophage scavenger receptor 1	Homo sapiens	57-60
19667111-9	2009	Pioglitazone and adiponectin regulate gene expression of SRA and LOX-1, and this may have clinical implications in arresting the untoward sequalae of insulin resistance and diabetes, including accelerated atherosclerosis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	65-70
19667111-9	2009	Pioglitazone and adiponectin regulate gene expression of SRA and LOX-1, and this may have clinical implications in arresting the untoward sequalae of insulin resistance and diabetes, including accelerated atherosclerosis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	150-157
19721197-3	2009	In particular, Food and Drug Administration of the United States Department of Health and Human Service (FDA) noted that rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, PPAR gamma agonists, have an increased risk of bone fractures.	Pioglitazone	139-151	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	153-163
19641141-4	2009	In this study, we used a mouse model of asthma to evaluate the effect of two PPARgamma agonists, rosiglitazone or pioglitazone, on IL-17 expression in allergic airway disease.	Pioglitazone	114-126	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	131-136
19641141-6	2009	Administration of rosiglitazone or pioglitazone reduced the pathophysiological features of asthma and decreased the increased IL-17 protein and mRNA expression after OVA inhalation.	Pioglitazone	35-47	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	126-131
19641141-9	2009	In addition, we found that administration of rosiglitazone or pioglitazone decreased the increased NF-kappaB activity and that a NF-kappaB inhibitor, BAY 11-7085, substantially reduced the increased IL-17 protein levels in the lung tissues after OVA inhalation.	Pioglitazone	62-74	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	199-204
19698865-6	2009	Compared with group II, treatment with pioglitazone with low-dose cyclosporine (group IV) significantly suppressed graft infiltration of CD4/CD8 T lymphocytes and serum concentrations of interleukin 2 and interferon gamma, leading to extended graft survival up to 60 days.	Pioglitazone	39-51	Cd4 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	137-140
19698865-6	2009	Compared with group II, treatment with pioglitazone with low-dose cyclosporine (group IV) significantly suppressed graft infiltration of CD4/CD8 T lymphocytes and serum concentrations of interleukin 2 and interferon gamma, leading to extended graft survival up to 60 days.	Pioglitazone	39-51	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	187-200
19698865-6	2009	Compared with group II, treatment with pioglitazone with low-dose cyclosporine (group IV) significantly suppressed graft infiltration of CD4/CD8 T lymphocytes and serum concentrations of interleukin 2 and interferon gamma, leading to extended graft survival up to 60 days.	Pioglitazone	39-51	interferon gamma	Rattus norvegicus	205-221
19761371-5	2009	Contrary to in vitro data, clinical data suggest that the CYP2C8*3 allele is associated with increased metabolism of the CYP2C8 substrates, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone and repaglinide.	Pioglitazone	155-167	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	58-64
19761371-5	2009	Contrary to in vitro data, clinical data suggest that the CYP2C8*3 allele is associated with increased metabolism of the CYP2C8 substrates, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone and repaglinide.	Pioglitazone	155-167	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	121-127
19620300-0	2009	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone improves cardiometabolic risk and renal inflammation in murine lupus.	Pioglitazone	61-73	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	4-52
19620300-8	2009	Kidneys from pioglitazone-treated mice showed significant decreases in immune complex deposition, renal inflammation, T cell glomerular infiltration, and intrarenal synthesis of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and VCAM-1.	Pioglitazone	13-25	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	178-187
19620300-8	2009	Kidneys from pioglitazone-treated mice showed significant decreases in immune complex deposition, renal inflammation, T cell glomerular infiltration, and intrarenal synthesis of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and VCAM-1.	Pioglitazone	13-25	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	189-197
19620300-8	2009	Kidneys from pioglitazone-treated mice showed significant decreases in immune complex deposition, renal inflammation, T cell glomerular infiltration, and intrarenal synthesis of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and VCAM-1.	Pioglitazone	13-25	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	203-209
19519869-7	2009	Pioglitazone increases total HDL-C levels by 10-20%, mainly because of an increase in the larger HDL2 subfraction.	Pioglitazone	0-12	junctophilin 3	Homo sapiens	97-101
19545925-0	2009	Low-dose pioglitazone increases serum high molecular weight adiponectin and improves glycemic control in Japanese patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	9-21	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	60-71
19545925-5	2009	Serum HMW adiponectin increased markedly from 5.2 (2.4, 8.6) microg/ml at baseline to 9.8 (4.1, 12.6) microg/ml at the end of pioglitazone treatment (P&lt;0.0001).	Pioglitazone	126-138	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	10-21
19545925-11	2009	In conclusion, low-dose pioglitazone therapy could significantly improved glycemic control and markedly increased serum HMW adiponectin in both male and female Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	24-36	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	124-135
19460852-5	2009	Furthermore, differentiation induced by adipogenic medium with pioglitazone was reduced in TSHR* and abolished in gsp* expressing 3T3L1 cells.	Pioglitazone	63-75	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Mus musculus	91-96
19520186-7	2009	There was 40% decrease in proliferation with pioglitazone in VEGF stimulated cells, which was reversed by insulin.	Pioglitazone	45-57	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	61-65
19520186-7	2009	There was 40% decrease in proliferation with pioglitazone in VEGF stimulated cells, which was reversed by insulin.	Pioglitazone	45-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	106-113
19520186-8	2009	ERK 1/2 activation was decreased by pioglitazone in VEGF stimulated cells and was partially reversed by insulin.	Pioglitazone	36-48	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	0-7
19520186-8	2009	ERK 1/2 activation was decreased by pioglitazone in VEGF stimulated cells and was partially reversed by insulin.	Pioglitazone	36-48	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	52-56
19594413-6	2009	Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor (PPAR) agonists, particularly thiazolidinedione derivatives such as pioglitazone and ciglitazone, are promising examples as they exert both a direct antitumoral and a broad spectrum of anti-stromal, antiangiogenic and immuno-modulating activities.	Pioglitazone	111-123	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-42
19594413-6	2009	Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor (PPAR) agonists, particularly thiazolidinedione derivatives such as pioglitazone and ciglitazone, are promising examples as they exert both a direct antitumoral and a broad spectrum of anti-stromal, antiangiogenic and immuno-modulating activities.	Pioglitazone	111-123	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	44-48
19614944-11	2009	HOMA-IR, insulin, proinsulin and C-peptide decreased and HOMA-B increased in the pioglitazone group relative to the placebo group.	Pioglitazone	81-93	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
19614944-11	2009	HOMA-IR, insulin, proinsulin and C-peptide decreased and HOMA-B increased in the pioglitazone group relative to the placebo group.	Pioglitazone	81-93	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-42
19174742-0	2009	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 and pioglitazone inhibit hydroxyl peroxide-induced TNF-alpha and lipopolysaccharide-induced CXC chemokine expression in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes.	Pioglitazone	100-112	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	0-48
19174742-0	2009	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 and pioglitazone inhibit hydroxyl peroxide-induced TNF-alpha and lipopolysaccharide-induced CXC chemokine expression in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes.	Pioglitazone	100-112	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	147-156
19174742-6	2009	Based on this concept, we examined the effects of 15d-PGJ2 and pioglitazone on oxidative stress-induced TNF-alpha and LIX expression in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes.	Pioglitazone	63-75	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	104-113
19174742-7	2009	Pretreatment of myocytes with 15d-PGJ2 or pioglitazone decreased hydrogen peroxide-induced TNF-alpha and LIX production (mRNA and protein) in a concentration-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	42-54	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	91-100
19174742-10	2009	The cytoprotection afforded by pioglitazone was attenuated by the PPAR-gamma antagonist GW9662, which failed to affect the beneficial effects afforded by 15d-PGJ2.	Pioglitazone	31-43	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
19476476-0	2009	Pioglitazone decreases postprandial accumulation of remnant lipoproteins in insulin-resistant smokers.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
19389833-2	2009	Pioglitazone (PIO), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist, has been reported to be an antiinflammatory agent.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	22-77
19389833-2	2009	Pioglitazone (PIO), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist, has been reported to be an antiinflammatory agent.	Pioglitazone	14-17	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	22-77
19394976-10	2009	Pioglitazone-metformin-based therapeutic control is associated with the most quantitatively relevant improvement in insulin resistance-related parameters, whereas the sulfonylurea-metformin-including protocol has less relevant effects.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	116-123
19369578-1	2009	Thiazolidinediones (TZD), including troglitazone, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone, are agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma and belong to a class of insulin-sensitizing drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	69-81	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	99-154
19417125-7	2009	Following pioglitazone, triglycerides and FFA were reduced (P = 0.05 and P &lt; 0.04, respectively), and glycerol R(a) was more suppressed [-40 (137) vs. +7 (202) mumol/min of placebo, P &lt; 0.05] despite a greater fall in insulin [-85 (176) vs. -20 (58) pmol/l, P = 0.05].	Pioglitazone	10-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	224-231
19417125-8	2009	We conclude that, in well-controlled T2DM patients, whole body lipolysis is insulin resistant, and pioglitazone improves the insulin sensitivity of lipolysis.	Pioglitazone	99-111	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
19443733-1	2009	The thiazolidinedione (TZD) drugs rosiglitazone (Ro) and pioglitazone (Po) are PPARgamma agonists in widespread clinical use as insulin-sensitizing agents in Type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	57-69	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	79-88
19443733-1	2009	The thiazolidinedione (TZD) drugs rosiglitazone (Ro) and pioglitazone (Po) are PPARgamma agonists in widespread clinical use as insulin-sensitizing agents in Type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	71-73	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	79-88
19557028-5	2009	Pioglitazone, a potent PPAR-gamma agonist with a thiazolidinedione structure, reduces glucose but elevates cholesterol blood levels.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	23-33
20387640-2	2009	This is the first report demonstrating that troglitazone and alpha-tocopherol C6, unlike a-tocopherol and pioglitazone substantially inhibited the activity of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (DT-diaphorase) and this effect is increased with specific DT-diaphorase inhibitor, dicoumarol.	Pioglitazone	106-118	crystallin zeta	Rattus norvegicus	167-189
19568428-2	2009	The oral agent pioglitazone is licensed for use with insulin when metformin is contraindicated or not tolerated.	Pioglitazone	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
19568428-17	2009	CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: When added to insulin regimens, pioglitazone confers a small advantage in terms of HbA1c in type 2 diabetes patients with previous inadequate glucose control, but at the cost of increased hypoglycaemia and weight gain.	Pioglitazone	58-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	40-47
19446890-1	2009	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone is FDA-approved for treatment of type-2 diabetes due to insulin sensitizing effects.	Pioglitazone	61-73	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-52
19435790-0	2009	Atherosclerosis in LDLR-knockout mice is inhibited, but not reversed, by the PPARgamma ligand pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	94-106	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	19-23
19435790-0	2009	Atherosclerosis in LDLR-knockout mice is inhibited, but not reversed, by the PPARgamma ligand pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	94-106	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	77-86
19367381-0	2009	Insulin-dependent actions of pioglitazone in newly diagnosed, drug naive patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	29-41	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
19367381-1	2009	The aim of this study was to study the effects of pioglitazone on several diabetic parameters with subjects possessing distinct levels of insulin.	Pioglitazone	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	138-145
19367381-8	2009	Significant correlations between the changes of insulin/C-peptide levels with pioglitazone and the baseline insulin/C-peptide levels were observed.	Pioglitazone	78-90	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
19367381-8	2009	Significant correlations between the changes of insulin/C-peptide levels with pioglitazone and the baseline insulin/C-peptide levels were observed.	Pioglitazone	78-90	insulin	Homo sapiens	56-65
19367381-8	2009	Significant correlations between the changes of insulin/C-peptide levels with pioglitazone and the baseline insulin/C-peptide levels were observed.	Pioglitazone	78-90	insulin	Homo sapiens	108-115
19367381-8	2009	Significant correlations between the changes of insulin/C-peptide levels with pioglitazone and the baseline insulin/C-peptide levels were observed.	Pioglitazone	78-90	insulin	Homo sapiens	116-125
19367381-10	2009	Multiple regression analysis revealed that the baseline insulin level is the predominant determinant of the changes of insulin levels with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	139-151	insulin	Homo sapiens	56-63
19367381-10	2009	Multiple regression analysis revealed that the baseline insulin level is the predominant determinant of the changes of insulin levels with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	139-151	insulin	Homo sapiens	119-126
19367381-11	2009	These results suggest that pioglitazone appears to have two effects: to reduce insulin resistance (and lower insulin) and to improve beta-cell function (and increase insulin).	Pioglitazone	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
19367381-11	2009	These results suggest that pioglitazone appears to have two effects: to reduce insulin resistance (and lower insulin) and to improve beta-cell function (and increase insulin).	Pioglitazone	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	109-116
19539256-2	2009	BACKGROUND: Previous single-center studies have demonstrated the anti-restenotic effect of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, pioglitazone, after PCI.	Pioglitazone	151-163	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	93-141
19073273-4	2009	In the present study, we have evaluated the effects of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) agonist, in LPS-induced pulmonary dysfunction, inflammatory changes and oxidative stress in guinea pigs.	Pioglitazone	55-67	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Cavia porcellus	71-119
19073273-4	2009	In the present study, we have evaluated the effects of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) agonist, in LPS-induced pulmonary dysfunction, inflammatory changes and oxidative stress in guinea pigs.	Pioglitazone	55-67	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Cavia porcellus	121-131
19776560-10	2009	Pioglitazone reduced blood pressure in PC-Pkd1-KO, but not in controls.	Pioglitazone	0-12	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting	Mus musculus	42-46
19286954-0	2009	Antidiabetic drug pioglitazone protects the heart via activation of PPAR-gamma receptors, PI3-kinase, Akt, and eNOS pathway in a rabbit model of myocardial infarction.	Pioglitazone	18-30	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	68-78
19286954-0	2009	Antidiabetic drug pioglitazone protects the heart via activation of PPAR-gamma receptors, PI3-kinase, Akt, and eNOS pathway in a rabbit model of myocardial infarction.	Pioglitazone	18-30	nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Oryctolagus cuniculus	111-115
19286954-11	2009	Western blotting showed higher levels of phospho-Akt and phospho-eNOS in the pioglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	77-89	nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Oryctolagus cuniculus	65-69
19286954-12	2009	Pioglitazone reduces the myocardial infarct size via activation of PPAR-gamma, PI3-kinase, Akt, and eNOS pathways, but not via opening the mitochondrial K(ATP) channel.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	67-77
19286954-12	2009	Pioglitazone reduces the myocardial infarct size via activation of PPAR-gamma, PI3-kinase, Akt, and eNOS pathways, but not via opening the mitochondrial K(ATP) channel.	Pioglitazone	0-12	nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Oryctolagus cuniculus	100-104
19205029-7	2009	In contrast, overt expression of cyclin D1 was observed 24 hours after PH in KK-A(y) mice pretreated with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	106-118	cyclin D1	Mus musculus	33-42
19205029-11	2009	Indeed, pioglitazone prevented aberrant increases in signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)3 phosphorylation and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3 mRNA in the liver in KK-A(y) mice.	Pioglitazone	8-20	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Mus musculus	132-173
19473593-0	2009	Impact of insulin sensitivity treatment with pioglitazone on endothelial function in non-diabetic patients with arterial hypertension.	Pioglitazone	45-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	10-17
19473593-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: The thiazolidindione (TDZ) pioglitazone reduces insulin resistance and blood pressure in non-diabetic patients with arterial hypertension as previously reported [Fullert et al.	Pioglitazone	38-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
19473593-5	2009	MATERIAL AND METHODS: Insulin sensitivity indices (SI indices) were obtained by analyzing fasting glucose and insulin concentration with homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), the glucose and insulin profiles after 75 g dextrose oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT, Matsuda-Index) and euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (m-value) in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in 60 patients with arterial hypertension before and after 4 months treatment with Pioglitazone 45 mg (PIO45).	Pioglitazone	452-464	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
19276231-8	2009	Treating all cell types with the PPARgamma agonist, rosiglitazone, or pioglitazone, the IFNgamma plus TNFalpha-induced CXCL9 and CXCL11 release was dose dependently (0.1-20 microm) suppressed.	Pioglitazone	70-82	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	88-96
19276231-8	2009	Treating all cell types with the PPARgamma agonist, rosiglitazone, or pioglitazone, the IFNgamma plus TNFalpha-induced CXCL9 and CXCL11 release was dose dependently (0.1-20 microm) suppressed.	Pioglitazone	70-82	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	102-110
19276231-8	2009	Treating all cell types with the PPARgamma agonist, rosiglitazone, or pioglitazone, the IFNgamma plus TNFalpha-induced CXCL9 and CXCL11 release was dose dependently (0.1-20 microm) suppressed.	Pioglitazone	70-82	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9	Homo sapiens	119-124
19276231-8	2009	Treating all cell types with the PPARgamma agonist, rosiglitazone, or pioglitazone, the IFNgamma plus TNFalpha-induced CXCL9 and CXCL11 release was dose dependently (0.1-20 microm) suppressed.	Pioglitazone	70-82	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11	Homo sapiens	129-135
19349323-13	2009	CONCLUSIONS: In T2DM patients, pioglitazone was associated with improvement in some measures of left ventricular diastolic function, myocardial glucose uptake, and whole-body insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	175-182
19405411-10	2009	Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are also effective for ameliorating hirsutism and insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	18-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-88
18757056-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether pioglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, may stabilize vulnerable plaque with use of ultrasound evaluation of carotid artery plaque echolucency in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).	Pioglitazone	39-51	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	67-115
19190890-0	2009	Increased insulin demand promotes while pioglitazone prevents pancreatic beta cell apoptosis in Wfs1 knockout mice.	Pioglitazone	40-52	wolframin ER transmembrane glycoprotein	Mus musculus	96-100
19249234-6	2009	Pioglitazone was added to her treatment, and follow-up showed improvement of metabolic control 7 months after introducing pioglitazone, and improvement of insulin sensitivity 2 years later.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	155-162
19249234-8	2009	Nevertheless, therapy with pioglitazone resulted in marked and sustained improvements in metabolic control and insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	111-118
19267711-12	2009	Pioglitazone reduced insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)) more than metformin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
19267711-12	2009	Pioglitazone reduced insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)) more than metformin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	73-80
19048458-8	2009	In vitro, benzbromarone and pioglitazone each increased the levels of messenger RNA of adiponectin, aP2, and CD36 in 3T3 cells, whereas allopurinol and uric acid did not.	Pioglitazone	28-40	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	87-98
19048458-8	2009	In vitro, benzbromarone and pioglitazone each increased the levels of messenger RNA of adiponectin, aP2, and CD36 in 3T3 cells, whereas allopurinol and uric acid did not.	Pioglitazone	28-40	transcription factor AP-2, alpha	Mus musculus	100-103
19298459-2	2009	OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of pioglitazone addition to existing therapy on FFA dynamics and insulin action.	Pioglitazone	37-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
19298459-8	2009	RESULTS: At Week 104, pioglitazone treatment decreased fasting FFAs by 0.08 mmol L(-1) when added to sulfonylurea and by 0.11 mmol L(-1) when added to metformin versus the respective sulfonylurea + metformin groups (0.03 mmol L(-1), P=0.05 and 0.04 mmol L(-1), P&lt;0.05), and this was accompanied by significant improvements in fasting adipose tissue insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	22-34	insulin	Homo sapiens	352-359
19298459-11	2009	Insulin sensitivity of FFA rose when pioglitazone was added to sulfonylurea (P&lt;0.05), but decreased for gliclazide + metformin (P&lt;0.05).	Pioglitazone	37-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
18997160-9	2009	RESULTS: Exposure of PTCs to 10 muM pioglitazone and 8 microM L-805645 increased the mRNA and protein expression of PPAR-gamma (P &lt; 0.005), NHE3 and Sgk-1 (both P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	36-48	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	116-126
18997160-9	2009	RESULTS: Exposure of PTCs to 10 muM pioglitazone and 8 microM L-805645 increased the mRNA and protein expression of PPAR-gamma (P &lt; 0.005), NHE3 and Sgk-1 (both P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	36-48	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	143-147
18997160-9	2009	RESULTS: Exposure of PTCs to 10 muM pioglitazone and 8 microM L-805645 increased the mRNA and protein expression of PPAR-gamma (P &lt; 0.005), NHE3 and Sgk-1 (both P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	36-48	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Homo sapiens	152-157
18997160-10	2009	The expression of AQPs 1 and 7 was increased by pioglitazone and L-805645 (both P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	48-60	aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group)	Homo sapiens	18-30
19258246-5	2009	The third generation beta adrenergic receptor blocker carvedilol and nebivolol as well as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone elicit their antioxidant vascular protective effects mitochondrially.	Pioglitazone	151-163	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	94-142
18820825-2	2009	The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of pioglitazone on systemic inflammatory markers and activation of circulating monocytes in type 2 diabetic patients through the dosage of IL-6.	Pioglitazone	58-70	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	194-198
18820825-5	2009	IL-6 production of circulating monocytes after LPS stimulation was similar at baseline and showed a 54% reduction in pioglitazone-group at 8 weeks (9.1 pg/mL, range 0.0-24.3, P=0.04 vs. baseline) while, in controls, did not change at 8 weeks (16.9 pg/mL, range 1.5-58.8).	Pioglitazone	117-129	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	0-4
18820825-6	2009	Treatment with pioglitazone, associated with metformin, showed a reduction of IL-6 monocyte production after their in vitro activation with LPS.	Pioglitazone	15-27	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	78-82
19217454-0	2009	Relationship between changes in insulin sensitivity and associated cardiovascular disease risk factors in thiazolidinedione-treated, insulin-resistant, nondiabetic individuals: pioglitazone versus rosiglitazone.	Pioglitazone	177-189	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
19217454-7	2009	In conclusion, RSG and PIO appear to have comparable abilities to improve insulin sensitivity and lower daylong glucose, insulin, and FFA concentrations in nondiabetic, insulin-resistant individuals.	Pioglitazone	23-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
19217454-7	2009	In conclusion, RSG and PIO appear to have comparable abilities to improve insulin sensitivity and lower daylong glucose, insulin, and FFA concentrations in nondiabetic, insulin-resistant individuals.	Pioglitazone	23-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	121-128
19217454-7	2009	In conclusion, RSG and PIO appear to have comparable abilities to improve insulin sensitivity and lower daylong glucose, insulin, and FFA concentrations in nondiabetic, insulin-resistant individuals.	Pioglitazone	23-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	121-128
19135426-0	2009	PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone reduces matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity and neuronal damage after focal cerebral ischemia.	Pioglitazone	18-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-9
19135426-0	2009	PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone reduces matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity and neuronal damage after focal cerebral ischemia.	Pioglitazone	18-30	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	39-65
19135426-1	2009	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, has shown protective effects against ischemic insult in various tissues.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	16-64
19135426-1	2009	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, has shown protective effects against ischemic insult in various tissues.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	66-75
19135426-6	2009	In gel zymography, pioglitazone reduced the upregulation of active form of MMP-9 after ischemia.	Pioglitazone	19-31	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	75-80
19135426-10	2009	These results demonstrate that pioglitazone may reduce MMP-9 activity and neuronal damage following focal ischemia.	Pioglitazone	31-43	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	55-60
19032584-4	2009	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) produced in response to alcohol exposure may cause fatty liver by up-regulating SREBP-1 activity, whereas betaine and pioglitazone may attenuate fatty liver by down-regulating SREBP-1 activity.	Pioglitazone	158-170	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	216-223
18547343-0	2009	Effect of metformin, orlistat and pioglitazone treatment on mean insulin resistance and its biological variability in polycystic ovary syndrome.	Pioglitazone	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	65-72
18547343-3	2009	OBJECTIVE: To compare the change in IR and its variability before and after treatment with insulin sensitization through metformin and pioglitazone, compared to that induced by weight loss with orlistat.	Pioglitazone	135-147	insulin	Homo sapiens	91-98
19065603-2	2009	Treatment of genetically diabetic rats and also type 2 diabetic patients with pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist, lowers fasting levels of plasma glucose and triglycerides, and has been suggested to protect beta-cells against diabetic lipotoxicity in vitro and in vivo.	Pioglitazone	78-90	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	94-104
18984667-2	2009	OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate effects of pioglitazone on whole body insulin action and ovarian androgen biosynthesis in PCOS.	Pioglitazone	59-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	86-93
18984667-9	2009	RESULTS: Compared with placebo, pioglitazone treatment significantly improved multiple measures of insulin action, including glucose disposal rate (P &lt; 0.01), 2-h glucose during 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (P &lt; 0.01), area under the curve glucose during oral glucose tolerance test (P &lt; 0.01), serum adiponectin (P &lt; 0.01), and fasting hyperinsulinemia (P &lt; 0.01).	Pioglitazone	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
18984667-9	2009	RESULTS: Compared with placebo, pioglitazone treatment significantly improved multiple measures of insulin action, including glucose disposal rate (P &lt; 0.01), 2-h glucose during 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (P &lt; 0.01), area under the curve glucose during oral glucose tolerance test (P &lt; 0.01), serum adiponectin (P &lt; 0.01), and fasting hyperinsulinemia (P &lt; 0.01).	Pioglitazone	32-44	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	314-325
18984667-12	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Compared to placebo, pioglitazone treatment in PCOS was associated with improvements in insulin action and glucose homeostasis and ameliorated the hyperandrogenic ovarian response.	Pioglitazone	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	101-108
21299185-1	2009	BACKGROUND: Thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) whether administered alone or in combination with metformin, sulfonylurea, or insulin, are often accompanied by an increase in weight and/or plasma volume.	Pioglitazone	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	142-149
19038243-4	2009	After 4-5 weeks of treatment, alogliptin significantly increased plasma active glucagon-like peptide-1 levels up to 4.1-fold and decreased plasma glucagon up to 25%, whereas pioglitazone significantly increased plasma adiponectin up to 1.3-fold.	Pioglitazone	174-186	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	218-229
19646194-1	2009	AIMS: Previous studies have suggested that plasma lipids are affected differently by the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonists pioglitazone and rosiglitazone.	Pioglitazone	155-167	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	89-145
19646194-7	2009	There was a decrease in VLDL triglyceride/apoB (P = 0.04) in the pioglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	65-77	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	42-46
19281808-0	2009	Involvement of glucocorticoid receptor and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma in pioglitazone mediated chronic gastric ulcer healing in rats.	Pioglitazone	95-107	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-38
19281808-0	2009	Involvement of glucocorticoid receptor and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma in pioglitazone mediated chronic gastric ulcer healing in rats.	Pioglitazone	95-107	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	43-91
19281808-1	2009	Evidences suggest Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligand, pioglitazone results in the attenuation of gastric mucosal injury.	Pioglitazone	88-100	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	18-66
19281808-1	2009	Evidences suggest Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligand, pioglitazone results in the attenuation of gastric mucosal injury.	Pioglitazone	88-100	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
19281808-4	2009	Pioglitazone treatment reduced the severity of ulceration, repressed levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and nuclear p65 subunit as well as increased the abundance of PPAR-gamma in gastric mucosa.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	79-88
19281808-4	2009	Pioglitazone treatment reduced the severity of ulceration, repressed levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and nuclear p65 subunit as well as increased the abundance of PPAR-gamma in gastric mucosa.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	90-98
19281808-4	2009	Pioglitazone treatment reduced the severity of ulceration, repressed levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and nuclear p65 subunit as well as increased the abundance of PPAR-gamma in gastric mucosa.	Pioglitazone	0-12	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
19281808-4	2009	Pioglitazone treatment reduced the severity of ulceration, repressed levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and nuclear p65 subunit as well as increased the abundance of PPAR-gamma in gastric mucosa.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	161-171
19281808-5	2009	Moreover, it significantly upregulated protein levels of glucocorticoid receptor demonstrating its possible involvement in pioglitazone mediated ulcer healing along with PPAR-gamma.	Pioglitazone	123-135	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-80
19281808-6	2009	Administration of pioglitazone reverted back the decreased levels of both PPAR-gamma and glucocorticoid receptor, resulting in their redistribution to the nucleus from the cytosol in course of ulcer healing.	Pioglitazone	18-30	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	74-112
19281808-7	2009	Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor function by its antagonist (RU486) inhibited pioglitazone mediated downregulation of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta gene expression confirming involvement of glucocorticoid receptor in pioglitazone mediated ulcer healing.	Pioglitazone	109-121	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-63
19281808-7	2009	Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor function by its antagonist (RU486) inhibited pioglitazone mediated downregulation of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta gene expression confirming involvement of glucocorticoid receptor in pioglitazone mediated ulcer healing.	Pioglitazone	109-121	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	149-158
19281808-7	2009	Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor function by its antagonist (RU486) inhibited pioglitazone mediated downregulation of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta gene expression confirming involvement of glucocorticoid receptor in pioglitazone mediated ulcer healing.	Pioglitazone	109-121	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	163-171
19281808-7	2009	Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor function by its antagonist (RU486) inhibited pioglitazone mediated downregulation of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta gene expression confirming involvement of glucocorticoid receptor in pioglitazone mediated ulcer healing.	Pioglitazone	109-121	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	214-237
19281808-7	2009	Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor function by its antagonist (RU486) inhibited pioglitazone mediated downregulation of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta gene expression confirming involvement of glucocorticoid receptor in pioglitazone mediated ulcer healing.	Pioglitazone	241-253	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-63
19281808-8	2009	Co-immunoprecipitation studies further established association of PPAR-gamma with glucocorticoid receptor during ulcer healing which was enhanced following pioglitazone administration.	Pioglitazone	156-168	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
19281808-8	2009	Co-immunoprecipitation studies further established association of PPAR-gamma with glucocorticoid receptor during ulcer healing which was enhanced following pioglitazone administration.	Pioglitazone	156-168	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-105
19281808-9	2009	Thus, the present study is first of its kind bearing direct relevance to the participation of both PPAR-gamma and glucocorticoid receptor and their physical association in influencing amelioration of inflammatory responses during pioglitazone mediated gastric ulcer healing.	Pioglitazone	230-242	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	99-137
19402055-0	2009	Pioglitazone: more than just an insulin sensitizer.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
19377624-5	2009	Pioglitazone was chosen as agonist of PPAR-gamma and GW9662 used as a specific complete antagonist of PPAR-gamma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
19377624-14	2009	Sulindac and agonist of PPAR-Gamma (pioglitazone) could inhibit the formation of ACF, and followed by a decrease of PPAR-gamma.	Pioglitazone	36-48	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
19377624-14	2009	Sulindac and agonist of PPAR-Gamma (pioglitazone) could inhibit the formation of ACF, and followed by a decrease of PPAR-gamma.	Pioglitazone	36-48	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	116-126
19377625-0	2009	[Role of adiponectin and its receptors in anti-atherosclerotic effects of pioglitazone on ApoE knocked out mice].	Pioglitazone	74-86	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	9-20
19377625-0	2009	[Role of adiponectin and its receptors in anti-atherosclerotic effects of pioglitazone on ApoE knocked out mice].	Pioglitazone	74-86	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	90-94
19377625-8	2009	Compared with wild type mice, ApoE-/- mice had increased IMT of abdominal aorta [(0.290+/-0.063 vs 0.178+/-0.012) cm, P&lt;0.01] that was significantly reversed by high-dose pioglitazone therapy [(0.208+/-0.012 vs 0.290+/-0.063) cm, P&lt;0.05].	Pioglitazone	174-186	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	30-34
19377625-11	2009	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone inhibits aortic atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice, and these effects are correlated with increased plasma adiponectin level and the expression of AdipoR1 mRNA in vessels.	Pioglitazone	12-24	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	60-64
19377625-11	2009	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone inhibits aortic atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice, and these effects are correlated with increased plasma adiponectin level and the expression of AdipoR1 mRNA in vessels.	Pioglitazone	12-24	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	129-140
19377625-11	2009	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone inhibits aortic atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice, and these effects are correlated with increased plasma adiponectin level and the expression of AdipoR1 mRNA in vessels.	Pioglitazone	12-24	adiponectin receptor 1	Mus musculus	169-176
19169664-0	2009	Pioglitazone stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase signalling and increases the expression of genes involved in adiponectin signalling, mitochondrial function and fat oxidation in human skeletal muscle in vivo: a randomised trial.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	114-125
19169664-2	2009	We hypothesised that pioglitazone would activate the adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and increase the expression of genes involved in adiponectin signalling, NEFA oxidation and mitochondrial function in human skeletal muscle.	Pioglitazone	21-33	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	53-104
19169664-2	2009	We hypothesised that pioglitazone would activate the adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and increase the expression of genes involved in adiponectin signalling, NEFA oxidation and mitochondrial function in human skeletal muscle.	Pioglitazone	21-33	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	106-110
19169664-2	2009	We hypothesised that pioglitazone would activate the adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and increase the expression of genes involved in adiponectin signalling, NEFA oxidation and mitochondrial function in human skeletal muscle.	Pioglitazone	21-33	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	169-180
19169664-7	2009	Pioglitazone significantly increased plasma adiponectin concentration by 79% and reduced fasting plasma NEFA by 35% (both p &lt; 0.01).	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	44-55
19169664-8	2009	Following pioglitazone, insulin-stimulated glucose disposal increased by 30% (p &lt; 0.01), and muscle AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation increased by 38% and 53%, respectively (p &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	10-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
19169664-9	2009	Pioglitazone increased mRNA levels for adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 genes (ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 gene (PPARGC1) and multiple genes involved in mitochondrial function and fat oxidation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	39-67
19169664-9	2009	Pioglitazone increased mRNA levels for adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 genes (ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 gene (PPARGC1) and multiple genes involved in mitochondrial function and fat oxidation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	75-82
19169664-9	2009	Pioglitazone increased mRNA levels for adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 genes (ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 gene (PPARGC1) and multiple genes involved in mitochondrial function and fat oxidation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin receptor 2	Homo sapiens	84-91
19169664-9	2009	Pioglitazone increased mRNA levels for adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 genes (ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 gene (PPARGC1) and multiple genes involved in mitochondrial function and fat oxidation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	94-157
19169664-9	2009	Pioglitazone increased mRNA levels for adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 genes (ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 gene (PPARGC1) and multiple genes involved in mitochondrial function and fat oxidation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	164-171
19169664-12	2009	CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATIONS: Pioglitazone increases plasma adiponectin levels, stimulates muscle AMPK signalling and increases the expression of genes involved in adiponectin signalling, mitochondrial function and fat oxidation.	Pioglitazone	29-41	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	59-70
19169664-12	2009	CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATIONS: Pioglitazone increases plasma adiponectin levels, stimulates muscle AMPK signalling and increases the expression of genes involved in adiponectin signalling, mitochondrial function and fat oxidation.	Pioglitazone	29-41	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	97-101
19169664-12	2009	CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATIONS: Pioglitazone increases plasma adiponectin levels, stimulates muscle AMPK signalling and increases the expression of genes involved in adiponectin signalling, mitochondrial function and fat oxidation.	Pioglitazone	29-41	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	163-174
19036883-3	2009	We found that pioglitazone treatment led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in primary human skeletal myocyte D2 activity; this effect was seen with other peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists.	Pioglitazone	14-26	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	151-200
19146854-6	2009	Pioglitazone given acutely after transient brain ischemia/reperfusion reduced lesion size and the number of Iba1-expressing microglia in the ischemic striatum at three days.	Pioglitazone	0-12	induction of brown adipocytes 1	Mus musculus	108-112
19146854-8	2009	However, analysis at 6 weeks after MCAo/reperfusion no longer yielded an effect of pioglitazone on either lesion size or Iba1+ cell counts.	Pioglitazone	83-95	induction of brown adipocytes 1	Mus musculus	121-125
20336221-3	2009	RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A delayed occurrence of cataract with diltiazem (CYP inhibitor) and an early onset of cataract with pioglitazone (CYP inducer) indicate that a cytochrome P450 mediated pathway may affect the initiation of cataract but not the maturation pattern.	Pioglitazone	124-136	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
20336221-3	2009	RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A delayed occurrence of cataract with diltiazem (CYP inhibitor) and an early onset of cataract with pioglitazone (CYP inducer) indicate that a cytochrome P450 mediated pathway may affect the initiation of cataract but not the maturation pattern.	Pioglitazone	124-136	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	167-182
19158194-0	2009	Retinol-binding protein 4 in polycystic ovary syndrome--association with steroid hormones and response to pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	106-118	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-25
19158194-6	2009	RESULTS: Serum adiponectin concentrations were higher after treatment with pioglitazone (P = 0.003), whereas RBP4 levels tended to decrease (P = 0.06), and visfatin concentrations remained unchanged.	Pioglitazone	75-87	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	15-26
19237535-2	2009	To identify potential molecular mechanisms of PPAR-gamma in the islet, we treated diabetic or glucose-intolerant mice with the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone or with a control.	Pioglitazone	146-158	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	46-56
19237535-2	2009	To identify potential molecular mechanisms of PPAR-gamma in the islet, we treated diabetic or glucose-intolerant mice with the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone or with a control.	Pioglitazone	146-158	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	127-137
19444964-1	2009	Thiazolidinediones (TZD) such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone are proxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg) agonists and are widely used clinically to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	33-45	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	68-115
19444964-1	2009	Thiazolidinediones (TZD) such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone are proxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg) agonists and are widely used clinically to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	33-45	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	117-122
19449750-8	2009	Although there has been disappointment with the first cholesteryl-ester-transfer-protein-inhibitor, there is encouraging evidence that increasing HDL with the peroxisome-proliferator-activator-receptor (PPAR) gamma agonist, pioglitazone and nicotinic acid derivatives may contribute beyond statin therapy.	Pioglitazone	224-236	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	203-207
19449763-2	2009	At the beginning of the therapy, metformin is used; later, insulin sensitizers (PPAR-gamma stimulators) such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are often applied.	Pioglitazone	130-142	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
19449763-2	2009	At the beginning of the therapy, metformin is used; later, insulin sensitizers (PPAR-gamma stimulators) such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are often applied.	Pioglitazone	130-142	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	80-90
19331671-0	2009	Different skeletal effects of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)alpha agonist fenofibrate and the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	135-147	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	117-126
19331671-3	2009	The aim of the study was to examine the effect of the PPARalpha agonist fenofibrate (FENO) and the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (PIO) on bone in intact female rats.	Pioglitazone	117-129	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	99-108
18758684-1	2009	The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of PPAR-gamma agonists (pioglitazone and rosiglitazone) on mediators of endothelial dysfunction and markers of angiogenesis in patients with type-2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	76-88	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	55-65
18758684-3	2009	There was significant reduction of CRP level in pioglitazone and rosiglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	48-60	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	35-38
18758684-4	2009	The level of serum TNF-alpha decreased significantly in pioglitazone and mildly decreased in rosiglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	56-68	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	19-28
18758684-5	2009	The level of VEGF, IL-8 and Angiogenin were increased in pioglitazone than rosiglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	57-69	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	13-17
18758684-5	2009	The level of VEGF, IL-8 and Angiogenin were increased in pioglitazone than rosiglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	57-69	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	19-23
18758684-5	2009	The level of VEGF, IL-8 and Angiogenin were increased in pioglitazone than rosiglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	57-69	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	28-38
19259628-0	2009	DPP4 inhibitors: from sitagliptin monotherapy to the new alogliptin-pioglitazone combination therapy.	Pioglitazone	68-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
19088251-0	2009	Adiponectin translation is increased by the PPARgamma agonists pioglitazone and omega-3 fatty acids.	Pioglitazone	63-75	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
19088251-0	2009	Adiponectin translation is increased by the PPARgamma agonists pioglitazone and omega-3 fatty acids.	Pioglitazone	63-75	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	44-53
19088251-4	2009	Overnight treatment of rat adipocytes with pioglitazone, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) triggered a twofold increase in the synthesis and secretion of HMW adiponectin, and this increase was blocked by the addition of PPARgamma inhibitor GW-9662.	Pioglitazone	43-55	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	183-194
19088251-4	2009	Overnight treatment of rat adipocytes with pioglitazone, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) triggered a twofold increase in the synthesis and secretion of HMW adiponectin, and this increase was blocked by the addition of PPARgamma inhibitor GW-9662.	Pioglitazone	43-55	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	245-254
19088251-5	2009	Inhibition of glycosylation using 2,2"-dipyridyl decreased the synthesis of high-molecular weight adiponectin by pioglitazone, EPA, and DHA, but there was increased secretion of trimeric adiponectin resulting from increased translation.	Pioglitazone	113-125	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	98-109
19088251-6	2009	Although pioglitazone, DHA, and EPA increased adiponectin synthesis by more than 60%, there was no increase in total protein synthesis and no corresponding change in adiponectin mRNA expression, indicating the upregulation of translation.	Pioglitazone	9-21	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	46-57
19088251-8	2009	In vitro translation of adiponectin mRNA was inhibited by S-100 fraction of control adipocytes and increased by S-100 extracts from adipocytes treated with pioglitazone or DHA.	Pioglitazone	156-168	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	24-35
19088251-9	2009	Consistent with this observation, both pioglitazone and DHA treatments increased the association of adiponectin mRNA with the heavier polysome fractions.	Pioglitazone	39-51	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	100-111
19088251-10	2009	Together, these data suggest that pioglitazone and the fish oils DHA or EPA are PPARgamma agonists in adipocytes with regard to adiponectin expression, and the predominant mode of adiponectin stimulation is via an increase in translation.	Pioglitazone	34-46	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	80-89
19088251-10	2009	Together, these data suggest that pioglitazone and the fish oils DHA or EPA are PPARgamma agonists in adipocytes with regard to adiponectin expression, and the predominant mode of adiponectin stimulation is via an increase in translation.	Pioglitazone	34-46	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	128-139
19088251-10	2009	Together, these data suggest that pioglitazone and the fish oils DHA or EPA are PPARgamma agonists in adipocytes with regard to adiponectin expression, and the predominant mode of adiponectin stimulation is via an increase in translation.	Pioglitazone	34-46	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	180-191
19008310-1	2009	We recently reported that long-term treatment with pioglitazone restored cardiac Akt phosphorylation in response to hyperthermia (HT) and subsequent cardiac heat-shock protein 72 (HSP72) expression, in heredity insulin resistance rats via improvement of insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	51-63	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1A	Rattus norvegicus	157-178
19008310-1	2009	We recently reported that long-term treatment with pioglitazone restored cardiac Akt phosphorylation in response to hyperthermia (HT) and subsequent cardiac heat-shock protein 72 (HSP72) expression, in heredity insulin resistance rats via improvement of insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	51-63	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1A	Rattus norvegicus	180-185
18402944-10	2009	RESULT(S): Insulin sensitivity, GH, adiponectin, and IGF-I significantly increased during pioglitazone treatment, whereas alloTHF/THF levels significantly decreased.	Pioglitazone	90-102	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	36-47
18402944-10	2009	RESULT(S): Insulin sensitivity, GH, adiponectin, and IGF-I significantly increased during pioglitazone treatment, whereas alloTHF/THF levels significantly decreased.	Pioglitazone	90-102	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	53-58
19224430-2	2009	With this study, we wanted to investigate the effect of pioglitazone (PIO) and simvastatin (SIMVA) on insulin resistance and RBP4 plasma concentrations in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome and increased risk for cardiovascular complications.	Pioglitazone	56-68	insulin	Homo sapiens	102-109
19224430-2	2009	With this study, we wanted to investigate the effect of pioglitazone (PIO) and simvastatin (SIMVA) on insulin resistance and RBP4 plasma concentrations in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome and increased risk for cardiovascular complications.	Pioglitazone	56-68	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	125-129
19224430-2	2009	With this study, we wanted to investigate the effect of pioglitazone (PIO) and simvastatin (SIMVA) on insulin resistance and RBP4 plasma concentrations in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome and increased risk for cardiovascular complications.	Pioglitazone	70-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	102-109
19155087-0	2009	Prevention of steatohepatitis by pioglitazone: implication of adiponectin-dependent inhibition of SREBP-1c and inflammation.	Pioglitazone	33-45	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	62-73
19155087-1	2009	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist drugs, like pioglitazone (PGZ), are proposed as treatments for steatohepatitis.	Pioglitazone	98-110	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	17-65
19155087-1	2009	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist drugs, like pioglitazone (PGZ), are proposed as treatments for steatohepatitis.	Pioglitazone	98-110	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	67-76
19155087-1	2009	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist drugs, like pioglitazone (PGZ), are proposed as treatments for steatohepatitis.	Pioglitazone	112-115	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	17-65
19155087-1	2009	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist drugs, like pioglitazone (PGZ), are proposed as treatments for steatohepatitis.	Pioglitazone	112-115	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	67-76
19155087-4	2009	RESULTS: In Wt mice, PGZ increased circulating levels of adiponectin and reduced the severity of MCD-induced steatohepatitis but there was no evidence of activation of AMPK or PPARalpha and their downstream targets.	Pioglitazone	21-24	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	57-68
19155087-5	2009	By contrast, PGZ completely repressed nuclear translocation of SREBP-1c, a key transcription factor for de novo lipogenesis.	Pioglitazone	13-16	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	63-71
19155087-8	2009	CONCLUSIONS: The preventive effect of PGZ on MCD-induced steatohepatitis depends on adiponectin upregulation but apparently does not involve AMPK or PPARalpha activation.	Pioglitazone	38-41	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	84-95
19305120-7	2009	Global cerebral IR injury associated neurological damage was significantly attenuated by pioglitazone pretreatment as evident from reduction in neurological symptoms, hyperlocomotion, and CA1 hippocampal neuronal damage in IR-challenged gerbils.	Pioglitazone	89-101	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	188-191
19305120-9	2009	Pioglitazone post-treatment has also significantly reduced the CA1 hippocampal neuronal damage and DNA fragmentation after cerebral IR injury in IR-challenged gerbils.	Pioglitazone	0-12	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	63-66
19439812-6	2009	In contrast, pioglitazone (PPARgamma agonist) had no effect on the content of fatty acid transporters (FAT/CD36, FABPpm and FATP-1) as well as the content of liver lipid fractions with the exception for triacylglycerols, which have been reduced significantly (-89%, p&lt;0.05).	Pioglitazone	13-25	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	27-36
19096190-0	2009	Pioglitazone reduces the necrotic-core component in coronary plaque in association with enhanced plasma adiponectin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	104-115
19096190-5	2009	After 6 months, patients in the pioglitazone group had significantly improved blood sugar, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and plasma adiponectin levels.	Pioglitazone	32-44	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	108-126
19096190-5	2009	After 6 months, patients in the pioglitazone group had significantly improved blood sugar, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and plasma adiponectin levels.	Pioglitazone	32-44	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	139-150
19096190-8	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone may stabilize coronary plaque by reducing the necrotic-core component, in association with enhanced plasma adiponectin levels.	Pioglitazone	13-25	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	133-144
19065603-8	2009	Bcl2-like 1 (Bcl2l1), an anti-apoptotic protein, and Bcl2 modifying factor (Bmf), a pro-apoptotic protein, were both down-regulated by pioglitazone and exenatide in the presence of palmitate in diabetic GK islets.	Pioglitazone	135-147	Bcl2-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
19065603-8	2009	Bcl2-like 1 (Bcl2l1), an anti-apoptotic protein, and Bcl2 modifying factor (Bmf), a pro-apoptotic protein, were both down-regulated by pioglitazone and exenatide in the presence of palmitate in diabetic GK islets.	Pioglitazone	135-147	Bcl2-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-19
19065603-8	2009	Bcl2-like 1 (Bcl2l1), an anti-apoptotic protein, and Bcl2 modifying factor (Bmf), a pro-apoptotic protein, were both down-regulated by pioglitazone and exenatide in the presence of palmitate in diabetic GK islets.	Pioglitazone	135-147	Bcl2 modifying factor	Rattus norvegicus	53-74
19065603-8	2009	Bcl2-like 1 (Bcl2l1), an anti-apoptotic protein, and Bcl2 modifying factor (Bmf), a pro-apoptotic protein, were both down-regulated by pioglitazone and exenatide in the presence of palmitate in diabetic GK islets.	Pioglitazone	135-147	Bcl2 modifying factor	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
19065603-9	2009	In contrast, Bmf was downregulated by pioglitazone in the presence of palmitate in non-diabetic Wistar islets.	Pioglitazone	38-50	Bcl2 modifying factor	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
19065603-12	2009	Moreover, treatment with either pioglitazone or exenatide restored and increased the expression of PPAR beta/delta in non-diabetic Wistar islets.	Pioglitazone	32-44	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	Rattus norvegicus	99-108
19283231-4	2009	DISCUSSION: Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone can be employed as oral therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes and preserved endogenous insulin secretion.	Pioglitazone	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	133-140
19159848-8	2009	The insulin and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance at follow-up were significantly lower in the pioglitazone group than in the SES group.	Pioglitazone	109-121	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
19159848-8	2009	The insulin and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance at follow-up were significantly lower in the pioglitazone group than in the SES group.	Pioglitazone	109-121	insulin	Homo sapiens	45-52
19710534-1	2009	PPARgamma agonists, such as pioglitazone, are widely used in the treatment of diabetes and several further disorders.	Pioglitazone	28-40	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-9
19710534-3	2009	The present study explored whether pioglitazone upregulates SGK1 protein expression in gastric glands and thus modifies gastric acid secretion.	Pioglitazone	35-47	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Mus musculus	60-64
19710534-4	2009	Food containing the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (approximately 25 mg/kg bw/day) was administered to gene-targeted mice lacking SGK1 (sgk1-/-, n=11) and their wild-type littermates (sgk1+/+, n=11).	Pioglitazone	38-50	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	20-29
19118026-2	2009	PPARgamma activators are a diverse group of agents that range from endogenous fatty acids or derivatives (linolenic, linoleic, and 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2)) to Food and Drug Administration-approved thiazolidinedione drugs [pioglitazone (Actos) and rosiglitazone (Avandia)] for the treatment of diabetes.	Pioglitazone	239-251	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
19710534-6	2009	Pioglitazone significantly increased SGK1 expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Mus musculus	37-41
19710534-9	2009	Pioglitazone significantly increased DeltapH/min (approximately 3 fold) in sgk1+/+ but not in sgk1-/- mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Mus musculus	75-79
19710534-12	2009	KCNQ1 and H+/K+-ATPase protein abundance in the parietal cell membrane was enhanced by pioglitazone treatment in sgk1+/+ but not in sgk1-/- mice.	Pioglitazone	87-99	potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily Q, member 1	Mus musculus	0-5
19710534-12	2009	KCNQ1 and H+/K+-ATPase protein abundance in the parietal cell membrane was enhanced by pioglitazone treatment in sgk1+/+ but not in sgk1-/- mice.	Pioglitazone	87-99	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Mus musculus	113-117
19710534-13	2009	In conclusion, pioglitazone increases gastric acid secretion, an effect at least partially due to stimulation of SGK1 expression and SGK1-dependent upregulation of KCNQ1.	Pioglitazone	15-27	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Mus musculus	113-117
19710534-13	2009	In conclusion, pioglitazone increases gastric acid secretion, an effect at least partially due to stimulation of SGK1 expression and SGK1-dependent upregulation of KCNQ1.	Pioglitazone	15-27	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Mus musculus	133-137
19710534-13	2009	In conclusion, pioglitazone increases gastric acid secretion, an effect at least partially due to stimulation of SGK1 expression and SGK1-dependent upregulation of KCNQ1.	Pioglitazone	15-27	potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily Q, member 1	Mus musculus	164-169
19338380-1	2009	BACKGROUND: Pioglitazone is an antidiabetic drug that belongs to the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class of insulin-sensitizing agents.	Pioglitazone	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	102-109
19878073-11	2009	CONCLUSION: Visfatin is preferentially produced by visceral fat and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist ameliorates the development of insulin resistance in HF-fed rats with a major decrease in visfatin expression, the effect of pioglitazone on visfatin in HF-fed rats is dependent on glucose and lipid metabolism in the animals.	Pioglitazone	250-262	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	12-20
19506327-11	2009	In both cases, pioglitazone rapidly improved glycemic control, enhanced adiponectin production, and reduced inflammatory cytokines.	Pioglitazone	15-27	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	72-83
19506328-8	2009	In type 2 diabetic patients combination therapy with mitiglinide and pioglitazone exerted significant long-term improvements in HbA(1C), FPG, and PPG and was well tolerated.	Pioglitazone	69-81	serglycin	Homo sapiens	146-149
19506330-0	2009	Pioglitazone improves endothelial function with increased adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	58-69
19738363-0	2009	A pilot study suggests that the G/G genotype of resistin single nucleotide polymorphism at -420 may be an independent predictor of a reduction in fasting plasma glucose and insulin resistance by pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	195-207	insulin	Homo sapiens	173-180
19789420-5	2009	In addition, after the pioglitazone treatment, serum free fatty acid and triglyceride levels were decreased, and serum adiponectin levels were increased.	Pioglitazone	23-35	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	119-130
19878073-11	2009	CONCLUSION: Visfatin is preferentially produced by visceral fat and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist ameliorates the development of insulin resistance in HF-fed rats with a major decrease in visfatin expression, the effect of pioglitazone on visfatin in HF-fed rats is dependent on glucose and lipid metabolism in the animals.	Pioglitazone	250-262	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	68-116
19738399-7	2009	A subtherapeutic dose of pioglitazone significantly suppresses the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA in WAT, but does not alter the serum glucose, insulin and WAT expression of adiponectin, adipocyte aP2 and LPL.	Pioglitazone	25-37	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	81-90
19067734-9	2009	The administration of rosiglitazone (10 microM) and pioglitazone (10 microM) for 24 h increased PPAR-gamma mRNA, but did not alter PPAR-alpha or PPAR-delta.	Pioglitazone	52-64	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	96-106
19273297-10	2009	Pioglitazone (1 microM) increased the adhesion of EPC to HIMA and the expression of CXCR-4 in EPC.	Pioglitazone	0-12	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	84-90
19525594-2	2009	We report a slowly progressive type 1 diabetic patient whose insulin production was preserved for 4 years (SigmaC-peptide from 29.48 ng/mL to 24.58 ng/mL) using pioglitazone despite a high titer of anti-GAD antibody (GADA; 120.7 U/mL).	Pioglitazone	161-173	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
19506796-0	2009	Differential effects of PPARgamma activation by the oral antidiabetic agent pioglitazone in Barrett"s carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.	Pioglitazone	76-88	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	24-33
19506796-3	2009	We investigated the biological effects of PPARgamma activation by the oral antidiabetic agent pioglitazone in Barrett"s adenocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo.	Pioglitazone	94-106	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	42-51
19506796-5	2009	PPARgamma activation by pioglitazone in OE33 cells in vitro led to reduced cell growth by induction of apoptosis.	Pioglitazone	24-36	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
18931513-8	2009	This effect in AoSMC was counteracted in the presence of the PPARgamma ligand, pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	79-91	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	61-70
18931513-10	2009	Administration of pioglitazone to AngII-infused ApoE(-/-) mice significantly reduced aortic concentrations of OPG and metalloproteinase 9.	Pioglitazone	18-30	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	34-39
18931513-10	2009	Administration of pioglitazone to AngII-infused ApoE(-/-) mice significantly reduced aortic concentrations of OPG and metalloproteinase 9.	Pioglitazone	18-30	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	48-52
18931513-10	2009	Administration of pioglitazone to AngII-infused ApoE(-/-) mice significantly reduced aortic concentrations of OPG and metalloproteinase 9.	Pioglitazone	18-30	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11b (osteoprotegerin)	Mus musculus	110-113
19139117-0	2009	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone prevents the hyperglycemia caused by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway inhibition by PX-866 without affecting antitumor activity.	Pioglitazone	57-69	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-48
19139117-3	2009	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone, used to treat type 2 diabetes, prevents a decrease in glucose tolerance caused by acute administration of PX-866.	Pioglitazone	61-73	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-52
18927207-8	2009	All the ligands that inhibited the binding promoted phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2 in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells that expressed GPR40 and [Ca(2+)](i) responses in mouse insulinoma (MIN6) cells that natively express GPR40; however, pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione that failed to compete for the binding, did not activate ERK or [Ca(2+)](i) response.	Pioglitazone	279-291	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	71-118
18927207-8	2009	All the ligands that inhibited the binding promoted phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2 in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells that expressed GPR40 and [Ca(2+)](i) responses in mouse insulinoma (MIN6) cells that natively express GPR40; however, pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione that failed to compete for the binding, did not activate ERK or [Ca(2+)](i) response.	Pioglitazone	279-291	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	110-113
19161676-5	2009	Moreover, the administration of pioglitazone, an antidiabetic agent, significantly increased the plasma level of EC-SOD.	Pioglitazone	32-44	superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular	Mus musculus	113-119
19052371-1	2008	MitoNEET (a mammalian mitochondrial outer membrane protein) is a potential pharmacological and clinical target of the insulin-sensitizer pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	137-149	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	0-8
19052371-1	2008	MitoNEET (a mammalian mitochondrial outer membrane protein) is a potential pharmacological and clinical target of the insulin-sensitizer pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	137-149	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	22-58
19878073-0	2009	Effect of pioglitazone on visfatin expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and SD rats.	Pioglitazone	10-22	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	26-34
19878073-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of pioglitazone on visfatin expression.	Pioglitazone	40-52	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	56-64
19878073-6	2009	Pioglitazone treatment ameliorated insulin resistance with concomitant reduction in serum visfatin, free fatty acid, and triglyceride (TG) of the rats fed HF.	Pioglitazone	0-12	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	90-98
19878073-8	2009	Visfatin expression decreased in visceral adipose tissue but not subcutaneous adipose tissue or muscle after pioglitazone treatment in HF-fed rats.	Pioglitazone	109-121	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
19738399-8	2009	A therapeutic dose of pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity, enhances LPL, aP2 and adiponectin expression, and also suppresses TNF-alpha and IL-6 expression.	Pioglitazone	22-34	lipoprotein lipase	Mus musculus	74-77
19738399-8	2009	A therapeutic dose of pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity, enhances LPL, aP2 and adiponectin expression, and also suppresses TNF-alpha and IL-6 expression.	Pioglitazone	22-34	transcription factor AP-2, alpha	Mus musculus	79-82
19738399-8	2009	A therapeutic dose of pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity, enhances LPL, aP2 and adiponectin expression, and also suppresses TNF-alpha and IL-6 expression.	Pioglitazone	22-34	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	87-98
19738399-8	2009	A therapeutic dose of pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity, enhances LPL, aP2 and adiponectin expression, and also suppresses TNF-alpha and IL-6 expression.	Pioglitazone	22-34	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	131-140
19738399-8	2009	A therapeutic dose of pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity, enhances LPL, aP2 and adiponectin expression, and also suppresses TNF-alpha and IL-6 expression.	Pioglitazone	22-34	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	145-149
18974632-3	2009	OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the PPARgamma ligand pioglitazone (PGZ) inhibited bleomycin (BLM)-induced acute lung injury and subsequent fibrosis.	Pioglitazone	55-67	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	38-47
18974632-3	2009	OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the PPARgamma ligand pioglitazone (PGZ) inhibited bleomycin (BLM)-induced acute lung injury and subsequent fibrosis.	Pioglitazone	69-72	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	38-47
18974632-6	2009	PGZ treatment suppressed the accumulation of inflammatory cells in lungs and the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid on day 3.	Pioglitazone	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	98-125
18974632-6	2009	PGZ treatment suppressed the accumulation of inflammatory cells in lungs and the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid on day 3.	Pioglitazone	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	127-136
18974632-7	2009	PGZ also inhibited BLM-induced TNF-alpha production in alveolar macrophages.	Pioglitazone	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	31-40
18974632-9	2009	Northern blot analyses revealed that PGZ inhibited TGF-beta-induced procollagen I and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression in MRC-5 cells.	Pioglitazone	37-40	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	86-117
18974632-9	2009	Northern blot analyses revealed that PGZ inhibited TGF-beta-induced procollagen I and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression in MRC-5 cells.	Pioglitazone	37-40	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	119-123
18931027-0	2008	Pioglitazone protects the myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion injury in eNOS and iNOS knockout mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	76-80
18931027-0	2008	Pioglitazone protects the myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion injury in eNOS and iNOS knockout mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	85-89
19738399-7	2009	A subtherapeutic dose of pioglitazone significantly suppresses the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA in WAT, but does not alter the serum glucose, insulin and WAT expression of adiponectin, adipocyte aP2 and LPL.	Pioglitazone	25-37	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	95-99
19738399-7	2009	A subtherapeutic dose of pioglitazone significantly suppresses the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA in WAT, but does not alter the serum glucose, insulin and WAT expression of adiponectin, adipocyte aP2 and LPL.	Pioglitazone	25-37	lipoprotein lipase	Mus musculus	212-215
18549351-9	2008	Our results are of particular interest, as we observed that pioglitazone, an oral medication used in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes, decreased Pdcd4 levels, activated Akt, increased CgA and Sg II secretion and augmented PC1 protein in Bon-1 cells.	Pioglitazone	60-72	programmed cell death 4	Homo sapiens	145-150
18549351-9	2008	Our results are of particular interest, as we observed that pioglitazone, an oral medication used in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes, decreased Pdcd4 levels, activated Akt, increased CgA and Sg II secretion and augmented PC1 protein in Bon-1 cells.	Pioglitazone	60-72	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	169-172
18549351-9	2008	Our results are of particular interest, as we observed that pioglitazone, an oral medication used in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes, decreased Pdcd4 levels, activated Akt, increased CgA and Sg II secretion and augmented PC1 protein in Bon-1 cells.	Pioglitazone	60-72	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	184-187
18549351-9	2008	Our results are of particular interest, as we observed that pioglitazone, an oral medication used in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes, decreased Pdcd4 levels, activated Akt, increased CgA and Sg II secretion and augmented PC1 protein in Bon-1 cells.	Pioglitazone	60-72	secretogranin II	Homo sapiens	192-197
18549351-9	2008	Our results are of particular interest, as we observed that pioglitazone, an oral medication used in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes, decreased Pdcd4 levels, activated Akt, increased CgA and Sg II secretion and augmented PC1 protein in Bon-1 cells.	Pioglitazone	60-72	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Homo sapiens	222-225
18549351-10	2008	Enhanced PC1 levels, leading to improved processing of proinsulin and proglucagon, may contribute to the benefits of pioglitazone therapy.	Pioglitazone	117-129	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Homo sapiens	9-12
18549351-10	2008	Enhanced PC1 levels, leading to improved processing of proinsulin and proglucagon, may contribute to the benefits of pioglitazone therapy.	Pioglitazone	117-129	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-65
18549351-11	2008	The in vivo relevance of our findings was highlighted by data indicating elevated CgA amounts in the sera of patients treated with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	131-143	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	82-85
18926586-9	2008	Pioglitazone caused significant increase in natriuretic peptides (BNP pmol/l 6.6+/-5.2 to 13.7+/-16.1, p=0.04 vs. 8.8+/-11.6 to 8.6+/-10.6, ns, p between groups 0.028).	Pioglitazone	0-12	natriuretic peptide B	Homo sapiens	66-69
18759864-0	2008	Pioglitazone inhibits homocysteine-induced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells through a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-independent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	95-143
18759864-17	2008	Moreover, pioglitazone blocked Hcy-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation; similar effects were observed for DPI, NAC and SB202190.	Pioglitazone	10-22	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
18759864-20	2008	Furthermore, part of the biological effect of pioglitazone involves a decrease in the levels of NAD(P)H oxidase derived-ROS and p38 MAPK activation.	Pioglitazone	46-58	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	128-131
18476983-0	2008	Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone similarly improve insulin sensitivity and secretion, glucose tolerance and adipocytokines in type 2 diabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	18-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
18476983-8	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone have similar beneficial effects on glycaemic control insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and plasma adipocytokine levels.	Pioglitazone	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	97-104
18926586-10	2008	CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate characteristic differences in the effects of insulin glargine vs. pioglitazone on measures of beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity as well as cardiac load.	Pioglitazone	103-115	insulin	Homo sapiens	154-161
19029503-8	2008	After adjustment for a large number of patient characteristics, Cox regression models revealed 15% greater mortality among patients who initiated therapy with rosiglitazone compared with pioglitazone (95% confidence interval, 5%-26%).	Pioglitazone	187-199	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	64-67
18936763-6	2008	In addition, chronic pioglitazone treatment was associated with increased palmitate oxidation in soleus muscle, reduced fasting levels of serum NEFA and triglycerides, as well as reduced serum levels of insulin and increased serum levels of adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	21-33	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	241-252
19091199-10	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with pioglitazone was associated with significant improvements of lipid and glycemic parameters that are linked to insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk in patients with T2DM in their routine clinical care.	Pioglitazone	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	138-145
18374336-2	2008	PPARgamma agonists, such as pioglitazone, improve insulin sensitivity and glycemic control and appear to lower the concentration of atherogenic small dense LDL particles.	Pioglitazone	28-40	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
18824177-0	2008	Pioglitazone acutely stimulates adiponectin secretion from mouse and human adipocytes via activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3"-kinase.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	32-43
18824177-7	2008	Pioglitazone"s effect on adiponectin synthesis and on secretion of newly synthesized adiponectin was studied in 3T3-L1 adipocytes using a pulse-chase technique.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	25-36
18824177-7	2008	Pioglitazone"s effect on adiponectin synthesis and on secretion of newly synthesized adiponectin was studied in 3T3-L1 adipocytes using a pulse-chase technique.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	85-96
18824177-8	2008	KEY FINDINGS: Pioglitazone was found to increase adiponectin secretion and PI3K activity in a dose-dependent manner from 3T3-L1 and human adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	14-26	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	49-60
18824177-9	2008	In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, 10 uM pioglitazone increased adiponectin secretion by 84+/-14% (p&lt;0.0001) at 2 h. Similarly, in human adipocytes there was a 56+/-18% (p&lt;0.02) increase in secretion.	Pioglitazone	28-40	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	51-62
18824177-12	2008	SIGNIFICANCE: Our data show that pioglitazone acutely stimulates adiponectin secretion from both 3T3-L1 and human adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	33-45	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	65-76
19189639-0	2008	Pioglitazone, a ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma acts as an inhibitor of colon cancer liver metastasis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	27-75
19189639-4	2008	MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cell proliferation and the expression of PPARgamma, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and cyclin D1 were assessed in colon cancer cells treated with CGZ or PGZ.	Pioglitazone	168-171	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	75-97
19189639-7	2008	RESULTS: Cultured HT-29 and SW480 cells expressed PPARgamma and proliferation was inhibited by CGZ and PGZ.	Pioglitazone	103-106	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	50-59
19189639-8	2008	Oral PGZ inhibited xenograft tumor growth and liver metastases in the SCID mouse and suppressed expression of COX-2 and cyclin D1 in HT-29 cells.	Pioglitazone	5-8	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	110-115
19189639-8	2008	Oral PGZ inhibited xenograft tumor growth and liver metastases in the SCID mouse and suppressed expression of COX-2 and cyclin D1 in HT-29 cells.	Pioglitazone	5-8	cyclin D1	Mus musculus	120-129
19189639-9	2008	CONCLUSION: PGZ down-regulates COX-2 and cyclin D1 and inhibits colon cancer proliferation and liver metastasis, making PPARgamma a candidate target for the treatment/prevention of colon cancer metastasis.	Pioglitazone	12-15	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	31-36
19189639-9	2008	CONCLUSION: PGZ down-regulates COX-2 and cyclin D1 and inhibits colon cancer proliferation and liver metastasis, making PPARgamma a candidate target for the treatment/prevention of colon cancer metastasis.	Pioglitazone	12-15	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	41-50
19189639-9	2008	CONCLUSION: PGZ down-regulates COX-2 and cyclin D1 and inhibits colon cancer proliferation and liver metastasis, making PPARgamma a candidate target for the treatment/prevention of colon cancer metastasis.	Pioglitazone	12-15	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	120-129
18826750-11	2008	The ICER for pioglitazone treatment was $20 171/QALY.	Pioglitazone	13-25	cAMP responsive element modulator	Homo sapiens	4-8
18769904-0	2008	Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on NEFA-induced insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	11-23	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
18769904-1	2008	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We sought to determine whether pioglitazone and metformin alter NEFA-induced insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and, if so, the mechanism whereby this is effected.	Pioglitazone	48-60	insulin	Homo sapiens	94-101
18769904-8	2008	CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: We conclude that pioglitazone improves both the hepatic and the extrahepatic action of insulin but does not prevent NEFA-induced insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	45-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
18778865-0	2008	The effects of pioglitazone and metformin on plasma visfatin levels in patients with treatment naive type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	15-27	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	52-60
18958840-6	2008	Addition of pioglitazone to atorva-statin resulted in significant further effects on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), t-PA, P-selectin, adiponectin, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (p&lt;0.05 respectively).	Pioglitazone	12-24	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	130-134
18958840-6	2008	Addition of pioglitazone to atorva-statin resulted in significant further effects on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), t-PA, P-selectin, adiponectin, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (p&lt;0.05 respectively).	Pioglitazone	12-24	selectin P	Homo sapiens	136-146
18958840-6	2008	Addition of pioglitazone to atorva-statin resulted in significant further effects on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), t-PA, P-selectin, adiponectin, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (p&lt;0.05 respectively).	Pioglitazone	12-24	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	148-159
18973594-3	2008	Pioglitazone, a high-affinity PPARgamma ligand, was infused intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.)	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	30-39
18973594-6	2008	Pioglitazone augmented the ischaemia-induced upregulation of PPARgamma at both time points.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	61-70
18973594-10	2008	Pioglitazone effectively decreased the number of IL-6-immunoreactive cells and IL-6 protein levels at 24 h but not at 48 h after MCAO.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	49-53
18973594-10	2008	Pioglitazone effectively decreased the number of IL-6-immunoreactive cells and IL-6 protein levels at 24 h but not at 48 h after MCAO.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	79-83
18697866-0	2008	Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 gene expression increases after pioglitazone treatment and is associated with peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma responsiveness.	Pioglitazone	65-77	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	111-160
18697866-7	2008	After pioglitazone (but not metformin) treatment, there was a 2-fold increase in SCD1 mRNA and protein in adipose tissue.	Pioglitazone	6-18	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	81-85
18697866-8	2008	Pioglitazone also increased SCD1 in vitro.	Pioglitazone	0-12	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	28-32
18987433-12	2008	The present study demonstrated that pioglitazone causes PPAR-gamma-independent relaxation.	Pioglitazone	36-48	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
19008646-10	2008	PSL-induced upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6, which are essential for neuropathic pain, was suppressed by pioglitazone for the first week.	Pioglitazone	135-147	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	28-55
18778865-6	2008	HDL cholesterol and adiponectin levels increased only in the pioglitazone group (p=0.01 and p=0.003, respectively).	Pioglitazone	61-73	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	20-31
20165603-0	2008	Correlation between changes in blood pressure with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus with four weeks of pioglitazone therapy.	Pioglitazone	117-129	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
19040587-5	2008	In the pioglitazone group, eNOS, iNOS, and leptin were significantly lower and adiponectin was significantly higher than those in the IR group.	Pioglitazone	7-19	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	33-37
19040587-5	2008	In the pioglitazone group, eNOS, iNOS, and leptin were significantly lower and adiponectin was significantly higher than those in the IR group.	Pioglitazone	7-19	leptin	Homo sapiens	43-49
19040587-5	2008	In the pioglitazone group, eNOS, iNOS, and leptin were significantly lower and adiponectin was significantly higher than those in the IR group.	Pioglitazone	7-19	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	79-90
19040587-8	2008	Treatment with pioglitazone significantly reduced eNOS and iNOS by improving adipocytokine levels.	Pioglitazone	15-27	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	59-63
18822121-10	2008	Gene expressions of antioxidant defense mechanism: Sod1, Sod2, Ogg1 and MutY significantly decreased in the high-fat diet group but reversed by pioglitazone co-administration.	Pioglitazone	144-156	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	51-55
18822121-10	2008	Gene expressions of antioxidant defense mechanism: Sod1, Sod2, Ogg1 and MutY significantly decreased in the high-fat diet group but reversed by pioglitazone co-administration.	Pioglitazone	144-156	superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	57-61
18822121-10	2008	Gene expressions of antioxidant defense mechanism: Sod1, Sod2, Ogg1 and MutY significantly decreased in the high-fat diet group but reversed by pioglitazone co-administration.	Pioglitazone	144-156	8-oxoguanine DNA-glycosylase 1	Mus musculus	63-67
18752947-3	2008	Out of the total 14 molecules, 6 were found to bind to the murine PPARgamma with IC(50) ranging from 0.1 to 2.5 microM as compared to reference standard, pioglitazone (IC(50)=0.7 microM).	Pioglitazone	154-166	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	66-75
18931027-2	2008	In the rat, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone (Pio) limits IS, upregulates and activates cPLA2 and COX2, and increases myocardial 6-keto-PGF1alpha levels without activating eNOS and iNOS.	Pioglitazone	73-85	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	16-64
18931027-2	2008	In the rat, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone (Pio) limits IS, upregulates and activates cPLA2 and COX2, and increases myocardial 6-keto-PGF1alpha levels without activating eNOS and iNOS.	Pioglitazone	73-85	phospholipase A2 group IVA	Rattus norvegicus	129-134
18931027-2	2008	In the rat, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone (Pio) limits IS, upregulates and activates cPLA2 and COX2, and increases myocardial 6-keto-PGF1alpha levels without activating eNOS and iNOS.	Pioglitazone	73-85	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	139-143
18931027-2	2008	In the rat, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone (Pio) limits IS, upregulates and activates cPLA2 and COX2, and increases myocardial 6-keto-PGF1alpha levels without activating eNOS and iNOS.	Pioglitazone	73-85	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	213-217
18931027-2	2008	In the rat, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone (Pio) limits IS, upregulates and activates cPLA2 and COX2, and increases myocardial 6-keto-PGF1alpha levels without activating eNOS and iNOS.	Pioglitazone	73-85	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	222-226
18931027-2	2008	In the rat, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone (Pio) limits IS, upregulates and activates cPLA2 and COX2, and increases myocardial 6-keto-PGF1alpha levels without activating eNOS and iNOS.	Pioglitazone	87-90	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	16-64
18931027-2	2008	In the rat, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone (Pio) limits IS, upregulates and activates cPLA2 and COX2, and increases myocardial 6-keto-PGF1alpha levels without activating eNOS and iNOS.	Pioglitazone	87-90	phospholipase A2 group IVA	Rattus norvegicus	129-134
18931027-2	2008	In the rat, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone (Pio) limits IS, upregulates and activates cPLA2 and COX2, and increases myocardial 6-keto-PGF1alpha levels without activating eNOS and iNOS.	Pioglitazone	87-90	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	139-143
18931027-2	2008	In the rat, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone (Pio) limits IS, upregulates and activates cPLA2 and COX2, and increases myocardial 6-keto-PGF1alpha levels without activating eNOS and iNOS.	Pioglitazone	87-90	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	213-217
18931027-2	2008	In the rat, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone (Pio) limits IS, upregulates and activates cPLA2 and COX2, and increases myocardial 6-keto-PGF1alpha levels without activating eNOS and iNOS.	Pioglitazone	87-90	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	222-226
19051726-5	2008	A PPARgamma ligand, pioglitazone, which was reported to inhibit OPN gene expression in vitro, attenuated hypoxia-induced increase in lung OPN gene and pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats.	Pioglitazone	20-32	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	2-11
19051726-5	2008	A PPARgamma ligand, pioglitazone, which was reported to inhibit OPN gene expression in vitro, attenuated hypoxia-induced increase in lung OPN gene and pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats.	Pioglitazone	20-32	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
19080239-9	2008	Both the mRNA expressions of adiponectin and leptin upregulated (P &lt; 0.05) in the PGZ group, but their expressions in the BVT.2733 group did not alter significantly.	Pioglitazone	85-88	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	29-40
19080239-9	2008	Both the mRNA expressions of adiponectin and leptin upregulated (P &lt; 0.05) in the PGZ group, but their expressions in the BVT.2733 group did not alter significantly.	Pioglitazone	85-88	leptin	Mus musculus	45-51
18664597-0	2008	Adiponectin secretion and response to pioglitazone is depot dependent in cultured human adipose tissue.	Pioglitazone	38-50	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	0-11
18664597-10	2008	Pioglitazone increased adiponectin secretion and content in all SAT.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	23-34
18664597-10	2008	Pioglitazone increased adiponectin secretion and content in all SAT.	Pioglitazone	0-12	spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	64-67
18664597-13	2008	These data suggest that SAT, not VAT, appears to be the major contributor to increased circulating adiponectin levels in response to pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	133-145	spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	24-27
18664597-13	2008	These data suggest that SAT, not VAT, appears to be the major contributor to increased circulating adiponectin levels in response to pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	133-145	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	99-110
18946178-7	2008	Furthermore, pioglitazone inhibited the mRNA expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and that of transforming growth factor-beta.	Pioglitazone	13-25	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	63-107
18946178-7	2008	Furthermore, pioglitazone inhibited the mRNA expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and that of transforming growth factor-beta.	Pioglitazone	13-25	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	109-113
18513333-8	2008	Importantly, both bezafibrate and pioglitazone markedly reduced the mRNA levels of profibrogenic and fibrogenic genes in TGF-beta1-stimulated cells.	Pioglitazone	34-46	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	121-130
18484673-11	2008	Pioglitazone treatment ameliorated the level of decrease in adiponectin expression and improved colonic inflammation induced by the omega-3 fat-rich diet.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	60-71
19008646-10	2008	PSL-induced upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6, which are essential for neuropathic pain, was suppressed by pioglitazone for the first week.	Pioglitazone	135-147	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	60-73
19008646-11	2008	This suggests that pioglitazone alleviates neuropathic pain through attenuation of proinflammatory cytokine upregulation by PPARgamma stimulation.	Pioglitazone	19-31	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	124-133
18784309-0	2008	Complete rescue of cerebrovascular function in aged Alzheimer"s disease transgenic mice by antioxidants and pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist.	Pioglitazone	108-120	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	124-172
18755353-11	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone regulates inflammatory target genes in hepatic (IkappaBalpha) and endothelial (VCAM-1) settings in a PPARalpha-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	13-25	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	105-111
18755353-0	2008	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone represses inflammation in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo in mice.	Pioglitazone	61-73	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	4-52
18755353-0	2008	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone represses inflammation in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo in mice.	Pioglitazone	61-73	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	102-150
18755353-1	2008	OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to investigate if the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist pioglitazone modulates inflammation through PPARalpha mechanisms.	Pioglitazone	110-122	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	46-101
18755353-1	2008	OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to investigate if the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist pioglitazone modulates inflammation through PPARalpha mechanisms.	Pioglitazone	110-122	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	154-163
18755353-2	2008	BACKGROUND: The thiazolidinediones (TZDs) pioglitazone and rosiglitazone are insulin-sensitizing PPARgamma agonists used to treat type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	Pioglitazone	42-54	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	97-106
18755353-6	2008	Since both triglyceride-lowering and VCAM-1 repression characterize PPARalpha activation, we studied pioglitazone"s effects via PPARalpha.	Pioglitazone	101-113	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	128-137
18755353-7	2008	METHODS: Pioglitazone effects on known PPARalpha responses--ligand binding domain activation and PPARalpha target gene expression--were tested in vitro and in vivo, including in wild-type and PPARalpha-deficient cells and mice, and compared with the effects of other PPARgamma (rosiglitazone) and PPARalpha (WY14643) agonists.	Pioglitazone	9-21	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	39-48
18755353-7	2008	METHODS: Pioglitazone effects on known PPARalpha responses--ligand binding domain activation and PPARalpha target gene expression--were tested in vitro and in vivo, including in wild-type and PPARalpha-deficient cells and mice, and compared with the effects of other PPARgamma (rosiglitazone) and PPARalpha (WY14643) agonists.	Pioglitazone	9-21	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	97-106
18755353-7	2008	METHODS: Pioglitazone effects on known PPARalpha responses--ligand binding domain activation and PPARalpha target gene expression--were tested in vitro and in vivo, including in wild-type and PPARalpha-deficient cells and mice, and compared with the effects of other PPARgamma (rosiglitazone) and PPARalpha (WY14643) agonists.	Pioglitazone	9-21	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	97-106
18755353-7	2008	METHODS: Pioglitazone effects on known PPARalpha responses--ligand binding domain activation and PPARalpha target gene expression--were tested in vitro and in vivo, including in wild-type and PPARalpha-deficient cells and mice, and compared with the effects of other PPARgamma (rosiglitazone) and PPARalpha (WY14643) agonists.	Pioglitazone	9-21	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	97-106
18755353-8	2008	RESULTS: Pioglitazone repressed endothelial TNFalpha-induced VCAM-1 messenger ribonucleic acid expression and promoter activity, and induced hepatic IkappaBalpha in a manner dependent on both pioglitazone exposure and PPARalpha expression.	Pioglitazone	9-21	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	44-52
18755353-8	2008	RESULTS: Pioglitazone repressed endothelial TNFalpha-induced VCAM-1 messenger ribonucleic acid expression and promoter activity, and induced hepatic IkappaBalpha in a manner dependent on both pioglitazone exposure and PPARalpha expression.	Pioglitazone	9-21	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	61-67
18755353-8	2008	RESULTS: Pioglitazone repressed endothelial TNFalpha-induced VCAM-1 messenger ribonucleic acid expression and promoter activity, and induced hepatic IkappaBalpha in a manner dependent on both pioglitazone exposure and PPARalpha expression.	Pioglitazone	9-21	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha	Mus musculus	149-161
18755353-8	2008	RESULTS: Pioglitazone repressed endothelial TNFalpha-induced VCAM-1 messenger ribonucleic acid expression and promoter activity, and induced hepatic IkappaBalpha in a manner dependent on both pioglitazone exposure and PPARalpha expression.	Pioglitazone	9-21	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	218-227
18755353-8	2008	RESULTS: Pioglitazone repressed endothelial TNFalpha-induced VCAM-1 messenger ribonucleic acid expression and promoter activity, and induced hepatic IkappaBalpha in a manner dependent on both pioglitazone exposure and PPARalpha expression.	Pioglitazone	192-204	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	44-52
18755353-9	2008	Pioglitazone also activated the PPARalpha ligand binding domain and induced PPARalpha target gene expression, with in vitro effects that were most pronounced in endothelial cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	32-41
18755353-9	2008	Pioglitazone also activated the PPARalpha ligand binding domain and induced PPARalpha target gene expression, with in vitro effects that were most pronounced in endothelial cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	76-85
18755353-10	2008	In vivo, pioglitazone administration modulated sVCAM-1 levels and IkappaBalpha expression in wild-type but not PPARalpha-deficient mice.	Pioglitazone	9-21	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha	Mus musculus	66-78
18755353-11	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone regulates inflammatory target genes in hepatic (IkappaBalpha) and endothelial (VCAM-1) settings in a PPARalpha-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	13-25	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha	Mus musculus	74-86
18755353-11	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone regulates inflammatory target genes in hepatic (IkappaBalpha) and endothelial (VCAM-1) settings in a PPARalpha-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	13-25	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	127-136
18490130-0	2008	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma ligand, suppresses NFkappaB activation through inhibition of IkappaB kinase activation in cerulein-treated AR42J cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	16-25
18490130-5	2008	RESULTS: Treatment of AR42J cells with pioglitazone attenuated cerulein induced p50 and p65 NFkappaB dimer activity in the nucleus as measured by transcription factor assay.	Pioglitazone	39-51	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
18331610-6	2008	RESULTS: Adiponectin levels almost doubled during pioglitazone treatment (P = 0.0001).	Pioglitazone	50-62	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	9-20
18331610-8	2008	Basal glucose oxidation rate (P = 0.004) and insulin sensitivity (P = 0.03) improved in the patients who received pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	114-126	insulin	Homo sapiens	45-52
18331610-9	2008	The change in insulin-stimulated adiponectin level after pioglitazone treatment was positively correlated to the change in insulin-stimulated total glucose disposal (R = 0.69, P = 0.04).	Pioglitazone	57-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
18331610-9	2008	The change in insulin-stimulated adiponectin level after pioglitazone treatment was positively correlated to the change in insulin-stimulated total glucose disposal (R = 0.69, P = 0.04).	Pioglitazone	57-69	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	33-44
18331610-9	2008	The change in insulin-stimulated adiponectin level after pioglitazone treatment was positively correlated to the change in insulin-stimulated total glucose disposal (R = 0.69, P = 0.04).	Pioglitazone	57-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	123-130
18781598-6	2008	As such, much attention has been paid to the peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg) agonists rosiglitazone and pioglitazone (thiazolidinediones [TZDs]).	Pioglitazone	129-141	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	45-93
18781598-6	2008	As such, much attention has been paid to the peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg) agonists rosiglitazone and pioglitazone (thiazolidinediones [TZDs]).	Pioglitazone	129-141	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	95-100
18793563-0	2008	Clinical investigation of the effects of pioglitazone on the improvement of insulin resistance and blood pressure in type 2-diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis.	Pioglitazone	41-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
17825080-6	2008	The pharmacological tools available to improve insulin sensitivity include the biguanides (metformin) and thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone).	Pioglitazone	144-156	insulin	Homo sapiens	47-54
18494805-0	2008	The influence of adiponectin gene polymorphism on the pioglitazone response in the Chinese with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	54-66	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	17-28
18511847-6	2008	Pioglitazone attenuated AngII-induced fibrosis, macrophage accumulation, and osteopontin expression in both wild-type and cPPARgamma(-/-) mice but induced hypertrophy in a PPARgamma-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	24-29
18511847-6	2008	Pioglitazone attenuated AngII-induced fibrosis, macrophage accumulation, and osteopontin expression in both wild-type and cPPARgamma(-/-) mice but induced hypertrophy in a PPARgamma-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	0-12	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Mus musculus	77-88
18511847-6	2008	Pioglitazone attenuated AngII-induced fibrosis, macrophage accumulation, and osteopontin expression in both wild-type and cPPARgamma(-/-) mice but induced hypertrophy in a PPARgamma-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	123-132
18511847-7	2008	We pursued two mechanisms to explain the antifibrotic cardiomyocyte-PPARgamma-independent effects of pioglitazone: increased adiponectin expression and attenuation of proinflammatory macrophage activity.	Pioglitazone	101-113	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	68-77
18511847-7	2008	We pursued two mechanisms to explain the antifibrotic cardiomyocyte-PPARgamma-independent effects of pioglitazone: increased adiponectin expression and attenuation of proinflammatory macrophage activity.	Pioglitazone	101-113	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	125-136
18639363-0	2008	Pioglitazone treatment stimulates circulating CD34-positive cells in type 2 diabetes patients.	Pioglitazone	0-12	CD34 molecule	Homo sapiens	46-50
18639363-2	2008	We hypothesized that the thiazolidineone compound pioglitazone could stimulate the circulating CD34(+) cells in diabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	50-62	CD34 molecule	Homo sapiens	95-99
18639363-6	2008	Our study demonstrated that pioglitazone treatment increased circulating CD34(+) cells, suggesting that this effect may at least partly contribute to the anti-atherosclerotic action of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	28-40	CD34 molecule	Homo sapiens	73-77
18639363-6	2008	Our study demonstrated that pioglitazone treatment increased circulating CD34(+) cells, suggesting that this effect may at least partly contribute to the anti-atherosclerotic action of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	185-197	CD34 molecule	Homo sapiens	73-77
18728124-10	2008	Treatment with pioglitazone resulted in progressive amelioration of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia and hyperandrogenaemia.	Pioglitazone	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
18194461-8	2008	An anti-CXCL16 monoclonal antibody, antioxidants (Tiron) and PPAR-gamma agonists (Pioglitazone) considerably reduced CXCR6(+) lymphocyte adhesion and uptake of DiI-oxLDL.	Pioglitazone	82-94	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16	Homo sapiens	8-14
18194461-8	2008	An anti-CXCL16 monoclonal antibody, antioxidants (Tiron) and PPAR-gamma agonists (Pioglitazone) considerably reduced CXCR6(+) lymphocyte adhesion and uptake of DiI-oxLDL.	Pioglitazone	82-94	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	61-71
18194461-8	2008	An anti-CXCL16 monoclonal antibody, antioxidants (Tiron) and PPAR-gamma agonists (Pioglitazone) considerably reduced CXCR6(+) lymphocyte adhesion and uptake of DiI-oxLDL.	Pioglitazone	82-94	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 6	Homo sapiens	117-122
18194461-9	2008	Upon injection in the peritoneal cavities of mice, l-Hcy and not l-Cys, increased the number of CXCR6(+) lymphocytes, which was reduced by coinjection with Pioglitazone or anti-human CXCL16 antibody.	Pioglitazone	156-168	chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 6	Mus musculus	96-101
18544618-0	2008	Impaired insulin activation and dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase in skeletal muscle of women with polycystic ovary syndrome is reversed by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	145-157	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
18544618-9	2008	Pioglitazone treatment improved insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism and GS activity in PCOS (all P &lt; 0.05) and restored the ability of insulin to dephosphorylate GS at sites 2 and 2a.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
18544618-11	2008	The ability of pioglitazone to enhance insulin sensitivity, in part, involves improved insulin action on GS activity and dephosphorylation at NH2-terminal sites.	Pioglitazone	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	39-46
18544618-11	2008	The ability of pioglitazone to enhance insulin sensitivity, in part, involves improved insulin action on GS activity and dephosphorylation at NH2-terminal sites.	Pioglitazone	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	87-94
18714024-0	2008	Phosphorylation of 5-lipoxygenase at ser523 by protein kinase A determines whether pioglitazone and atorvastatin induce proinflammatory leukotriene B4 or anti-inflammatory 15-epi-lipoxin a4 production.	Pioglitazone	83-95	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase	Rattus norvegicus	19-33
18714024-0	2008	Phosphorylation of 5-lipoxygenase at ser523 by protein kinase A determines whether pioglitazone and atorvastatin induce proinflammatory leukotriene B4 or anti-inflammatory 15-epi-lipoxin a4 production.	Pioglitazone	83-95	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	47-63
18714024-11	2008	Both pioglitazone and atorvastatin increased COX2 levels in the cytosolic fraction and the membranous fraction.	Pioglitazone	5-17	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
18714024-13	2008	Pioglitazone and atorvastatin increased cPLA(2) expression in the membranous fraction.	Pioglitazone	0-12	phospholipase A2 group IVA	Rattus norvegicus	40-47
18714024-18	2008	Coimmunoprecipitation showed that without H-89, atorvastatin and pioglitazone induced an interaction between 5LO and COX2 in the cytosolic fraction, whereas when H-89 was added, 5LO interacted with cPLA(2) on the membranous fraction.	Pioglitazone	65-77	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	117-121
18714024-18	2008	Coimmunoprecipitation showed that without H-89, atorvastatin and pioglitazone induced an interaction between 5LO and COX2 in the cytosolic fraction, whereas when H-89 was added, 5LO interacted with cPLA(2) on the membranous fraction.	Pioglitazone	65-77	phospholipase A2 group IVA	Rattus norvegicus	198-205
18702951-0	2008	Effects of pioglitazone on serum fetuin-A levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	11-23	alpha 2-HS glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	33-41
18702951-6	2008	To address this, we investigated the effects of representative insulin-sensitizing therapies such as pioglitazone, metformin, and aerobic exercise on fetuin-A levels.	Pioglitazone	101-113	alpha 2-HS glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	150-158
18702951-13	2008	We hypothesize that pioglitazone could partially ameliorate insulin resistance via modulating fetuin-A levels.	Pioglitazone	20-32	insulin	Homo sapiens	60-67
18702951-13	2008	We hypothesize that pioglitazone could partially ameliorate insulin resistance via modulating fetuin-A levels.	Pioglitazone	20-32	alpha 2-HS glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	94-102
18693052-3	2008	Recently, pioglitazone has been reported to increase human adipocyte lipin1 expression.	Pioglitazone	10-22	lipin 1	Homo sapiens	69-75
18388116-3	2008	METHODS: In the present study, we investigated the effect and molecular mechanism of the PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, on the progression of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic rats.	Pioglitazone	108-120	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	89-98
18388116-7	2008	Pioglitazone treatment markedly reduced urinary albumin and MCP-1 excretion, and ameliorated glomerulosclerosis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	60-65
18388116-8	2008	In cDNA microarray analysis using renal cortical tissues, several inflammatory and profibrotic genes were significantly down-regulated by pioglitazone including NF-kappaB, CCL2, TGFbeta1, PAI-1 and VEGF.	Pioglitazone	138-150	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	172-176
18388116-8	2008	In cDNA microarray analysis using renal cortical tissues, several inflammatory and profibrotic genes were significantly down-regulated by pioglitazone including NF-kappaB, CCL2, TGFbeta1, PAI-1 and VEGF.	Pioglitazone	138-150	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	178-186
18388116-8	2008	In cDNA microarray analysis using renal cortical tissues, several inflammatory and profibrotic genes were significantly down-regulated by pioglitazone including NF-kappaB, CCL2, TGFbeta1, PAI-1 and VEGF.	Pioglitazone	138-150	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	188-193
18388116-8	2008	In cDNA microarray analysis using renal cortical tissues, several inflammatory and profibrotic genes were significantly down-regulated by pioglitazone including NF-kappaB, CCL2, TGFbeta1, PAI-1 and VEGF.	Pioglitazone	138-150	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	198-202
18388116-9	2008	In renal tissues, pioglitazone treatment significantly reduced macrophage infiltration and NF-kappaB activation in association with a decrease in type IV collagen, PAI-1, and TGFbeta1 expression.	Pioglitazone	18-30	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	164-169
18388116-9	2008	In renal tissues, pioglitazone treatment significantly reduced macrophage infiltration and NF-kappaB activation in association with a decrease in type IV collagen, PAI-1, and TGFbeta1 expression.	Pioglitazone	18-30	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	175-183
18388116-10	2008	In cultured mesangial cells, pioglitazone-activated endogenous PPARgamma transcriptional activity and abolished high glucose-induced collagen production.	Pioglitazone	29-41	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	63-72
18388116-11	2008	In addition, pioglitazone treatment also markedly suppressed high glucose-induced MCP-1 synthesis and NF-kappaB activation.	Pioglitazone	13-25	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	82-87
18544642-6	2008	Pioglitazone significantly improved insulin sensitivity in human volunteers (P = 0.002) but did not alter markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	36-43
18579525-4	2008	The insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinedione pioglitazone restores these perturbations in parallel with induction of the mitochondrial biogenesis regulator PGC-1alpha.	Pioglitazone	42-54	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	153-163
18579525-6	2008	In primary skeletal myoblasts pioglitazone also up-regulates PGC-1alpha expression and restores the insulin-resistant mitochondrial bioenergetic profile.	Pioglitazone	30-42	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	61-71
18579525-7	2008	In parallel, pioglitazone up-regulates PGC-1alpha in db/db mouse skeletal muscle.	Pioglitazone	13-25	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	39-49
18579525-11	2008	Pioglitazone functions in part via the induction of PGC-1alpha.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	52-62
18544642-10	2008	Together, our data suggest that improved insulin sensitivity with pioglitazone is not mediated by a reduction in endoplasmic reticulum stress.	Pioglitazone	66-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	41-48
18507653-0	2008	Alpha glucosidase inhibitor voglibose can prevent pioglitazone-induced body weight gain in Type 2 diabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	50-62	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
18470603-16	2008	Compared with the I/R group, the apoptosis rate and positive cell index (PCI) of Bax and Caspase-3 proteins in the pioglitazone group were significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.05), while the PCI of Bcl-2 protein was increased (P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	115-127	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
18470603-16	2008	Compared with the I/R group, the apoptosis rate and positive cell index (PCI) of Bax and Caspase-3 proteins in the pioglitazone group were significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.05), while the PCI of Bcl-2 protein was increased (P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	115-127	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	89-98
18470603-16	2008	Compared with the I/R group, the apoptosis rate and positive cell index (PCI) of Bax and Caspase-3 proteins in the pioglitazone group were significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.05), while the PCI of Bcl-2 protein was increased (P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	115-127	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	195-200
18803990-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist that decreases insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	12-24	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	30-78
18580598-0	2008	Pioglitazone increases adiponectin levels in nondiabetic patients with coronary artery disease.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	23-34
24692813-3	2008	Biguanides, such as metformin, and thiazolidinediones (TZDs), such as pioglitazone, improve insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	70-82	insulin	Homo sapiens	92-99
18580598-2	2008	Pioglitazone has been shown to increase levels of adiponectin in diabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	50-61
18580598-3	2008	We sought to assess whether administration of pioglitazone to patients with CAD and without diabetes would affect plasma adiponectin levels and endothelial function.	Pioglitazone	46-58	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	121-132
18580598-6	2008	RESULTS: Treatment with pioglitazone increased adiponectin levels from an average of 10.6 to 21.1 microg/ml (P=0.001) and improved ED-FMD from 4.45 to 8.43% (P=0.001).	Pioglitazone	24-36	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	47-58
18580598-7	2008	CONCLUSION: Treatment with pioglitazone increased plasma adiponectin levels and improved ED-FMD in patients with stable CAD and no evidence of diabetes or insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	27-39	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	57-68
24692813-9	2008	The primary end point was change in HbA1c concentration after replacing metformin with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	87-99	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	36-40
18620525-1	2008	BACKGROUND: PPAR-gamma is a target for the treatment of metabolic disorders, as Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone are already used against type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	80-92	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	12-22
18622247-0	2008	Pioglitazone attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in rats with salt-sensitive hypertension: role of activation of AMP-activated protein kinase and inhibition of Akt.	Pioglitazone	0-12	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	155-158
18622247-6	2008	The phosphorylation of Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin, and p70S6 kinase as well as the total protein content were increased in the heart of vehicle-treated rats compared with control rats, and these changes were blocked by treatment with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	242-254	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	23-26
18622247-6	2008	The phosphorylation of Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin, and p70S6 kinase as well as the total protein content were increased in the heart of vehicle-treated rats compared with control rats, and these changes were blocked by treatment with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	242-254	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	28-57
18622247-7	2008	Pioglitazone treatment also ameliorated left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis, improved diastolic function, and increased both the serum adiponectin concentration and the level of AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in the heart.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	141-152
18622247-8	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Long-term administration of pioglitazone attenuated left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis as well as inhibited phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin and p70S6 kinase in the heart of hypertensive rats.	Pioglitazone	41-53	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	147-176
18622247-9	2008	The beneficial cardiac effects of pioglitazone are likely attributable, at least partly, both to the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase signaling through stimulation of adiponectin secretion and to the inhibition of Akt signaling.	Pioglitazone	34-46	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	177-188
18622247-9	2008	The beneficial cardiac effects of pioglitazone are likely attributable, at least partly, both to the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase signaling through stimulation of adiponectin secretion and to the inhibition of Akt signaling.	Pioglitazone	34-46	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	224-227
18640389-0	2008	Pioglitazone administration decreases cardiovascular disease risk factors in insulin-resistant smokers.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
18054942-3	2008	Data were analyzed to compare CIMT progression rates during pioglitazone treatment to rates that had been observed during either placebo or troglitazone treatment in the TRIPOD study.	Pioglitazone	60-72	CIMT	Homo sapiens	30-34
18312546-0	2008	Effects of the PPARgamma activator pioglitazone on p38 MAP kinase and IkappaBalpha in the spinal cord of a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.	Pioglitazone	35-47	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha	Mus musculus	70-82
18312546-3	2008	Image analysis revealed that optical density of NeuN-immunoreactive neurons was significantly lower in the non-treated groups of presymptomatic and advanced ALS mice than in the non-treated groups of age-matched control mice and was recovered with pioglitazone treatment, and that optical densities of GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes and Iba1-immunoreactive microglia were significantly higher in the non-treated group of advanced ALS mice than in the non-treated group of control mice and were recovered with pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	248-260	RNA binding protein, fox-1 homolog (C. elegans) 3	Mus musculus	48-52
18312546-3	2008	Image analysis revealed that optical density of NeuN-immunoreactive neurons was significantly lower in the non-treated groups of presymptomatic and advanced ALS mice than in the non-treated groups of age-matched control mice and was recovered with pioglitazone treatment, and that optical densities of GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes and Iba1-immunoreactive microglia were significantly higher in the non-treated group of advanced ALS mice than in the non-treated group of control mice and were recovered with pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	509-521	RNA binding protein, fox-1 homolog (C. elegans) 3	Mus musculus	48-52
18312546-6	2008	Our results suggest that pioglitazone protects motor neurons against p38-mediated neuronal death and NF-kappaB-mediated glial inflammation via a PPARgamma-independent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	25-37	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	69-72
18312546-6	2008	Our results suggest that pioglitazone protects motor neurons against p38-mediated neuronal death and NF-kappaB-mediated glial inflammation via a PPARgamma-independent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	25-37	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	101-110
18312546-6	2008	Our results suggest that pioglitazone protects motor neurons against p38-mediated neuronal death and NF-kappaB-mediated glial inflammation via a PPARgamma-independent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	25-37	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	145-154
18700562-2	2008	Pioglitazone is one of thiazolidinediones that acts as insulin sensitizer.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-62
18800627-4	2008	Vaspin mRNA increased with administration of thiazolidinediones, i.e. pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	70-82	serpin family A member 12	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
18054942-5	2008	In the 30 women who came to PIPOD from the placebo arm of TRIPOD, the CIMT rate was 69% lower during pioglitazone treatment than it had been during placebo (0.0031 vs. 0.0100mm/yr, p=0.006).	Pioglitazone	101-113	CIMT	Homo sapiens	70-74
18054942-6	2008	In the 31 women who came to PIPOD from the troglitazone arm of TRIPOD, CIMT rate was 38% lower during pioglitazone than it had been during troglitazone, a difference that was not statistically significant (0.0037 vs. 0.0060mm/year; p=0.26).	Pioglitazone	102-114	CIMT	Homo sapiens	71-75
18054942-8	2008	We conclude that treatment with pioglitazone slowed CIMT progression in women who had been on placebo in the TRIPOD study and maintained a relatively low rate of progression in women who had been on troglitazone.	Pioglitazone	32-44	CIMT	Homo sapiens	52-56
18554251-1	2008	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily and is activated by the antidiabetic drugs rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	154-166	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-48
17593232-6	2008	Palmitate-induced upregulation of UCP-2 mRNA levels was suppressed by pioglitazone in a dose-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	70-82	uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	34-39
18577834-3	2008	Pioglitazone significantly improved insulin resistance, reduced high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, increased high-molecular-weight adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.	Pioglitazone	0-12	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	81-99
18577834-3	2008	Pioglitazone significantly improved insulin resistance, reduced high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, increased high-molecular-weight adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	133-144
18480556-4	2008	In the present study we investigated effect of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose, together with pioglitazone, the only thiazolidine derivative available in Japan, on serum concentrations of adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	103-115	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	197-208
18455831-4	2008	In the control, the adiponectin level evaluated as the production rate per 24 h was not changed, while pioglitazone significantly increased the adiponectin level.	Pioglitazone	103-115	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	144-155
18455831-8	2008	The aP2 gene expression was increased by pioglitazone, but not by glimepiride.	Pioglitazone	41-53	transcription factor AP-2, alpha	Mus musculus	4-7
18480556-6	2008	Treatment with acarbose and pioglitazone decreased HbA1c values by 0.49% and 0.63%, respectively.	Pioglitazone	28-40	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
18480556-7	2008	Pioglitazone, as expected, increased serum levels of total adiponectin by 2.1 fold and its high molecular weight isoform by 3.6 fold.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	59-70
18793589-0	2008	Evaluation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor vildagliptin, glyburide and pioglitazone in patients with Type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	136-148	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-97
18566389-8	2008	Use of proteasome inhibitor, MG-132 or a PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, prevented LPS-mediated M-CSF induction.	Pioglitazone	60-72	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	41-50
18283431-0	2008	Pioglitazone reduces systematic inflammation and improves mortality in apolipoprotein E knockout mice with sepsis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	71-87
18283431-6	2008	Mice were injected with pioglitazone (5 mg/kg per day) on the day before CLP or 6 h after surgery.	Pioglitazone	24-36	hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1	Mus musculus	73-76
18283431-7	2008	MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Both pre- and post-CLP treatment with pioglitazone improved survival of ApoE knockout and wild-type mice.	Pioglitazone	64-76	hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1	Mus musculus	45-48
18283431-7	2008	MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Both pre- and post-CLP treatment with pioglitazone improved survival of ApoE knockout and wild-type mice.	Pioglitazone	64-76	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	98-102
18283431-8	2008	Serum levels of cytokines and chemokines and myeloperoxidase activity in lung and liver were suppressed in the pioglitazone-treated group.	Pioglitazone	111-123	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	45-60
18283431-10	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone improved survival of ApoE knockout mice after onset of septic shock through suppression of inflammatory responses.	Pioglitazone	13-25	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	47-51
18566389-8	2008	Use of proteasome inhibitor, MG-132 or a PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, prevented LPS-mediated M-CSF induction.	Pioglitazone	60-72	colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	97-102
18387855-10	2008	PERSPECTIVE: PPAR-gamma receptor agonists such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are approved as insulin sensitizers by the United States Food and Drug Administration.	Pioglitazone	68-80	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
18560589-6	2008	Treatment with pioglitazone improved insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism and plasma adiponectin, and reduced fasting serum insulin (all P&lt;0.05).	Pioglitazone	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
18753719-3	2008	Nilvadipine (a Ca-channel blocker), telmisartan (an angiotension II receptor blocker), and pioglitazone (an insulin sensitizer) were administered for the control of the hypertension and diabetes.	Pioglitazone	91-103	insulin	Homo sapiens	108-115
18753719-6	2008	In addition to nilvadipine, a highly lipophilic Ca channel antagonist agent that easily penetrates the central nervous system, PPARgamma agonists, such as pioglitazone and termisartan, may have had favourable effects on cognitive function and cerebral perfusion in this patient.	Pioglitazone	155-167	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	127-136
18560589-6	2008	Treatment with pioglitazone improved insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism and plasma adiponectin, and reduced fasting serum insulin (all P&lt;0.05).	Pioglitazone	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
18560589-10	2008	These data indicate that pioglitazone therapy restores insulin sensitivity, in part, by a coordinated upregulation of genes involved in mitochondrial OXPHOS and ribosomal protein biosynthesis in muscle in PCOS.	Pioglitazone	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-62
18485924-2	2008	We have previously shown that double knock-out (d-ko) mice lacking both the epidermal-type (E-) and the heart-type (H-) fatty acid binding protein (FABP) exhibit a defect of surfactant synthesis in alveolar type II cells that can be corrected by feeding pioglitazone, a drug that activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	254-266	glutamatic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	120-146
18485924-2	2008	We have previously shown that double knock-out (d-ko) mice lacking both the epidermal-type (E-) and the heart-type (H-) fatty acid binding protein (FABP) exhibit a defect of surfactant synthesis in alveolar type II cells that can be corrected by feeding pioglitazone, a drug that activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	254-266	glutamatic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	148-152
18482837-3	2008	Out of eight molecules, four were found to bind to the murine PPARgamma with IC(50) ranging from 0.2 to 56.2 microM as compared to standard pioglitazone, with IC(50) of 0.7 microM.	Pioglitazone	140-152	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	62-71
18503229-8	2008	CONCLUSIONS: NTG-induced impairment of basal and ACh-stimulated NO production might be prevented by the co-treatment with a PPAR gamma agonist, pioglitazone through suppressions of nitrosative stress.	Pioglitazone	144-156	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	124-134
18161004-4	2008	To explain the contradictory results, we analyzed the effects of different concentrations of the PPAR-gamma agonist, 15-deoxy-D12, 14-prostaglandin (15-d Delta PGJ2) and pioglitazone, on APC gene-mutated colon cancer cell lines (HT-29).	Pioglitazone	170-182	APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway	Homo sapiens	187-190
18346811-15	2008	Pioglitazone might have the potential to reduce the number of type 2 diabetics on HD who ultimately require insulin injection therapy.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	108-115
18473695-1	2008	BACKGROUND: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone is established as a drug to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	73-85	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	16-64
18161004-7	2008	High concentrations (10-100 microM/L 15-d Delta PGJ2 and pioglitazone) of PPAR-gamma ligand suppressed growth, while low concentrations (0.01-1 microM/L 15-d Delta PGJ2 and pioglitazone) of PPAR-gamma ligand promoted growth.	Pioglitazone	57-69	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	74-84
18565023-5	2008	Further, the effect of the PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, on liver regeneration (PH + PGZ group) was evaluated by proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index, relative liver weight, and expression of cell-cycle regulators.	Pioglitazone	46-58	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	27-36
18565023-5	2008	Further, the effect of the PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, on liver regeneration (PH + PGZ group) was evaluated by proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index, relative liver weight, and expression of cell-cycle regulators.	Pioglitazone	46-58	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Rattus norvegicus	116-150
18565023-8	2008	Also, oral administration of pioglitazone inhibited hepatocyte proliferation, in terms of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling index and p27 expression during the late phase of liver regeneration, and caused a transient reduction in liver mass when compared to the PH group.	Pioglitazone	29-41	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Rattus norvegicus	94-128
18565023-8	2008	Also, oral administration of pioglitazone inhibited hepatocyte proliferation, in terms of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling index and p27 expression during the late phase of liver regeneration, and caused a transient reduction in liver mass when compared to the PH group.	Pioglitazone	29-41	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Rattus norvegicus	130-134
18565023-8	2008	Also, oral administration of pioglitazone inhibited hepatocyte proliferation, in terms of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling index and p27 expression during the late phase of liver regeneration, and caused a transient reduction in liver mass when compared to the PH group.	Pioglitazone	29-41	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Rattus norvegicus	155-158
18332857-0	2008	The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone is effective in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson"s disease through inhibition of monoamine oxidase B.	Pioglitazone	22-34	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	4-13
18514142-7	2008	The addition of pioglitazone (TZD group) markedly decreased homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P = 0.021) compared with the SU group (P = 0.688).	Pioglitazone	16-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	92-99
18378216-8	2008	Treatment with candesartan, pioglitazone, and their combination resulted in significantly reduced mRNA expression of the inflammatory markers CXCL1 and TNFalpha in vivo (P&lt;0.01).	Pioglitazone	28-40	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1	Rattus norvegicus	142-147
18378216-8	2008	Treatment with candesartan, pioglitazone, and their combination resulted in significantly reduced mRNA expression of the inflammatory markers CXCL1 and TNFalpha in vivo (P&lt;0.01).	Pioglitazone	28-40	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	152-160
18332857-0	2008	The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone is effective in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson"s disease through inhibition of monoamine oxidase B.	Pioglitazone	22-34	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	117-136
18332857-1	2008	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone has previously been shown to attenuate dopaminergic cell loss in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson"s disease, an effect attributed to its anti-inflammatory properties.	Pioglitazone	97-109	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	28-76
18332857-1	2008	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone has previously been shown to attenuate dopaminergic cell loss in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson"s disease, an effect attributed to its anti-inflammatory properties.	Pioglitazone	97-109	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	78-87
18332857-2	2008	In the present investigation, we provide evidence that pioglitazone is effective in the MPTP mouse model, not via an anti-inflammatory action, but through inhibition of MAO-B, the enzyme required to biotransform MPTP to its active neurotoxic metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).	Pioglitazone	55-67	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	169-174
18332857-9	2008	However, pretreatment with pioglitazone also significantly inhibited the MPTP-induced production of striatal MPP+ and the activity of MAO-B in the striatum.	Pioglitazone	27-39	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	134-139
18332857-10	2008	CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The neuroprotection observed with pioglitazone pretreatment in the MPTP mouse model was due to the blockade of the conversion of MPTP to its active toxic metabolite MPP+, via inhibition of MAO-B.	Pioglitazone	64-76	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	219-224
17980009-10	2008	RESULTS: Pioglitazone treatment resulted in a significant reduction in fasting levels of PI and SPI compared to those of the controls.	Pioglitazone	9-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	89-91
17980009-11	2008	Postprandially, pioglitazone treatment had no effect on the insulin AUC response to the meal but significantly reduced the PI and SPI AUCs.	Pioglitazone	16-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	123-125
17980009-13	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Sensitization to insulin with pioglitazone reduces the amount of insulin precursor species present in fasting and postprandially and may reduce cardiovascular risk.	Pioglitazone	43-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	30-37
17980009-13	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Sensitization to insulin with pioglitazone reduces the amount of insulin precursor species present in fasting and postprandially and may reduce cardiovascular risk.	Pioglitazone	43-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	78-85
18355937-0	2008	The Effect of pioglitazone on circulating adiponectin is highly predictable based on its basal level.	Pioglitazone	14-26	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	42-53
18285411-8	2008	Both ALP and PTH decreased significantly during pioglitazone treatment, whereas no significant changes were measured in 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ICTP, osteocalcin, sex hormones, and body composition.	Pioglitazone	48-60	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	13-16
18436235-8	2008	In vitro experiments demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was significantly higher in cultured peritoneal macrophages from KK-A(y) than C57BL/6J mice, and pioglitazone significantly reduced TNF-alpha in macrophages from both types of mice.	Pioglitazone	176-188	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	211-220
17901929-4	2008	The impact of CYP2C8 time-dependent inhibition by gemfibrozil acyl-glucuronide was assessed using repaglinide, cerivastatin, loperamide, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone DDIs.	Pioglitazone	155-167	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	14-20
18277387-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma ligand, pioglitazone (PIO), is reported to induce edema especially in postmenopausal women.	Pioglitazone	75-87	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	11-66
18277387-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma ligand, pioglitazone (PIO), is reported to induce edema especially in postmenopausal women.	Pioglitazone	89-92	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	11-66
18557423-0	2008	Protective effects of a PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone on anti-oxidative system in testis of diabetic rabbits.	Pioglitazone	42-54	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	24-33
18172605-0	2008	Lack of the serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1 attenuates the volume retention after treatment with the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	134-146	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Mus musculus	54-58
18172605-0	2008	Lack of the serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1 attenuates the volume retention after treatment with the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	134-146	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	116-125
18172605-5	2008	To test this hypothesis, food containing the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone (0.02%, i.e., approximately 25 mg/kg bw/day) was administered to gene-targeted mice lacking SGK1 (sgk1-/-, n=12) and their wild-type littermates (sgk1+/+), n=12).	Pioglitazone	63-75	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	45-54
18172605-6	2008	According to in situ hybridization, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence, treatment with pioglitazone significantly increased renal SGK1 mRNA and protein expression in sgk1+/+ mice.	Pioglitazone	145-157	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Mus musculus	188-192
18172605-6	2008	According to in situ hybridization, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence, treatment with pioglitazone significantly increased renal SGK1 mRNA and protein expression in sgk1+/+ mice.	Pioglitazone	145-157	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Mus musculus	224-228
18172605-9	2008	According to Evans Blue distribution, pioglitazone increased plasma volume only in sgk1+/+ mice (from 50.9+/-3.9 to 63.7+/-2.5 microl/g bw) but not in sgk-/- mice (from 46.8+/-3.8 to 48.3+/-5.2 microl/g bw).	Pioglitazone	38-50	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Mus musculus	83-87
18172605-9	2008	According to Evans Blue distribution, pioglitazone increased plasma volume only in sgk1+/+ mice (from 50.9+/-3.9 to 63.7+/-2.5 microl/g bw) but not in sgk-/- mice (from 46.8+/-3.8 to 48.3+/-5.2 microl/g bw).	Pioglitazone	38-50	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Mus musculus	83-86
18172605-11	2008	We conclude that SGK1 contributes to but does not fully account for the volume retention during treatment with the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	133-145	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Mus musculus	17-21
18172605-11	2008	We conclude that SGK1 contributes to but does not fully account for the volume retention during treatment with the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	133-145	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	115-124
18557423-1	2008	In the present study, modulation of oxidative stress by pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, was examined in testis of alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits.	Pioglitazone	56-68	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	72-120
18557423-1	2008	In the present study, modulation of oxidative stress by pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, was examined in testis of alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits.	Pioglitazone	56-68	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	122-131
18413496-2	2008	Compared with glimepiride, pioglitazone has been shown to slow the progression of atherosclerosis measured by CIMT in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	27-39	CIMT	Homo sapiens	110-114
18413496-3	2008	METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated individual cardiovascular risk factors as predictors of the change in CIMT produced by pioglitazone treatment by determining whether their addition to a baseline model resulted in loss of significance for the treatment effect on CIMT.	Pioglitazone	121-133	CIMT	Homo sapiens	104-108
18413496-3	2008	METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated individual cardiovascular risk factors as predictors of the change in CIMT produced by pioglitazone treatment by determining whether their addition to a baseline model resulted in loss of significance for the treatment effect on CIMT.	Pioglitazone	121-133	CIMT	Homo sapiens	263-267
18413496-4	2008	Pioglitazone treatment led to improvement in levels of multiple cardiovascular risk markers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A1, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, and free fatty acid.	Pioglitazone	0-12	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	120-138
18413496-4	2008	Pioglitazone treatment led to improvement in levels of multiple cardiovascular risk markers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A1, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, and free fatty acid.	Pioglitazone	0-12	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	140-156
18413496-4	2008	Pioglitazone treatment led to improvement in levels of multiple cardiovascular risk markers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A1, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, and free fatty acid.	Pioglitazone	0-12	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	158-175
18413496-4	2008	Pioglitazone treatment led to improvement in levels of multiple cardiovascular risk markers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A1, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, and free fatty acid.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	235-242
18413496-8	2008	CONCLUSIONS: The beneficial effect of pioglitazone on HDL cholesterol at 24 weeks predicted its beneficial effect for reducing CIMT progression at 72 weeks.	Pioglitazone	38-50	CIMT	Homo sapiens	127-131
18346728-1	2008	The use of the thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizers rosiglitazone and pioglitazone for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in recent years has proven to be effective in helping patients resume normal glycemic control.	Pioglitazone	71-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
18378631-12	2008	Median fasting insulin levels decreased with pioglitazone and increased with glimepiride (P &lt; .001).	Pioglitazone	45-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
18359318-9	2008	In patients, pioglitazone treatment markedly increased adiponectin (+121%, p &lt;0.001) and decreased resistin (-10.5%, p = 0.03).	Pioglitazone	13-25	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	55-66
18359318-11	2008	In multivariate analysis, pioglitazone-induced changes in endothelial reactivity to acetylcholine were the only significant predictor of increases in adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	26-38	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	150-161
17950297-7	2008	Immunohistochemistry revealed that activated NF-kappaB and MCP-1 expression in the vessel was of significantly less in the pioglitazone-treated group.	Pioglitazone	123-135	C-C motif chemokine 2	Sus scrofa	59-64
18246090-7	2008	In FDR pioglitazone diminished the augmented vasoconstrictor responses to SCS, noradrenaline and angiotensin II, and ameliorated the decrease in vasodilator responses to SCS.	Pioglitazone	7-19	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	97-111
18333889-6	2008	In addition, 24-h insulin profile was significantly elevated only in the liraglutide + pioglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	87-99	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
18333889-10	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy with insulinotropic GLP-1 agonist liraglutide and insulin sensitizer, pioglitazone, improves glycaemic control above and beyond what would be expected from additive effects of the two antidiabetic agents.	Pioglitazone	103-115	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
18333889-10	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy with insulinotropic GLP-1 agonist liraglutide and insulin sensitizer, pioglitazone, improves glycaemic control above and beyond what would be expected from additive effects of the two antidiabetic agents.	Pioglitazone	103-115	insulin	Homo sapiens	38-45
18633188-0	2008	Pioglitazone inhibits angiotensin II-induced senescence of endothelial progenitor cell.	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	22-36
18633188-5	2008	Our data indicate that Ang II increased the expression of gp91phox mRNA, which was significantly diminished by pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist.	Pioglitazone	111-123	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	23-29
18633188-5	2008	Our data indicate that Ang II increased the expression of gp91phox mRNA, which was significantly diminished by pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist.	Pioglitazone	111-123	cytochrome b-245 beta chain	Homo sapiens	58-66
18633188-5	2008	Our data indicate that Ang II increased the expression of gp91phox mRNA, which was significantly diminished by pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist.	Pioglitazone	111-123	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	127-136
18633188-7	2008	In addition, pioglitazone also inhibited Ang II-induced peroxynitrite formation.	Pioglitazone	13-25	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	41-47
18633188-8	2008	Interestingly, pioglitazone decreased the expressions of AT1R mRNA and protein.	Pioglitazone	15-27	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	57-61
18633188-10	2008	Ang II-induced EPC senescence was significantly inhibited by co-treatment with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	79-91	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	0-6
18633188-12	2008	The results showed that Ang II significantly diminished telomerase activity, and this effect was significantly abolished by co-treatment with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	142-154	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	24-30
18633188-13	2008	In conclusion, pioglitazone inhibited Ang II-induced senescence of EPCs via down-regulation of the expression of AT1R.	Pioglitazone	15-27	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	38-44
18633188-13	2008	In conclusion, pioglitazone inhibited Ang II-induced senescence of EPCs via down-regulation of the expression of AT1R.	Pioglitazone	15-27	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	113-117
18324929-0	2008	High circulating levels of RBP4 and mRNA levels of aP2, PGC-1alpha and UCP-2 predict improvement in insulin sensitivity following pioglitazone treatment of drug-naive type 2 diabetic subjects.	Pioglitazone	130-142	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
18324929-0	2008	High circulating levels of RBP4 and mRNA levels of aP2, PGC-1alpha and UCP-2 predict improvement in insulin sensitivity following pioglitazone treatment of drug-naive type 2 diabetic subjects.	Pioglitazone	130-142	fatty acid binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	51-54
18324929-0	2008	High circulating levels of RBP4 and mRNA levels of aP2, PGC-1alpha and UCP-2 predict improvement in insulin sensitivity following pioglitazone treatment of drug-naive type 2 diabetic subjects.	Pioglitazone	130-142	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	56-66
18324929-0	2008	High circulating levels of RBP4 and mRNA levels of aP2, PGC-1alpha and UCP-2 predict improvement in insulin sensitivity following pioglitazone treatment of drug-naive type 2 diabetic subjects.	Pioglitazone	130-142	uncoupling protein 2	Homo sapiens	71-76
18324929-0	2008	High circulating levels of RBP4 and mRNA levels of aP2, PGC-1alpha and UCP-2 predict improvement in insulin sensitivity following pioglitazone treatment of drug-naive type 2 diabetic subjects.	Pioglitazone	130-142	insulin	Homo sapiens	100-107
18324929-8	2008	RESULTS: Pioglitazone improved insulin sensitivity after 4 weeks combined with lower glucose and insulin levels without any change in BMI.	Pioglitazone	9-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-38
18199331-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are high-affinity peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonists with potent anti-diabetic properties and potential anti-inflammatory effects.	Pioglitazone	30-42	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	61-116
18557423-4	2008	Pioglitazone affected the activity of Cu,Zn-SOD, normalized the activity of CAT, the level of AA as well as the levels of LPO and PCG without having any significant effect on blood glucose level.	Pioglitazone	0-12	catalase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	76-79
18557423-4	2008	Pioglitazone affected the activity of Cu,Zn-SOD, normalized the activity of CAT, the level of AA as well as the levels of LPO and PCG without having any significant effect on blood glucose level.	Pioglitazone	0-12	lactoperoxidase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	122-125
18756989-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of pioglitazone (Pio) on dendritic cell-(DC) specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) expression in DCs and explore the possible mechanism of Pio inhibiting DC adhesion and transmigration.	Pioglitazone	40-52	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	72-145
18756989-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of pioglitazone (Pio) on dendritic cell-(DC) specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) expression in DCs and explore the possible mechanism of Pio inhibiting DC adhesion and transmigration.	Pioglitazone	40-52	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	147-154
18756989-12	2008	RESULTS: Western blotting showed that the DC-SIGN protein expression levels of the DCs of the Pio 1.0 micromol/L and Pio 10 micromol/L group were 0.96 +/- 0.09 and 0.80 +/- 0.08 respectively, both significantly lower than that of the blank control group (1.25 +/- 0.23, P &lt; 0.05 and P &lt; 0.01); and the DC-SIGN protein expression level of the GW9662 10 micromol/L + Pio 10 micromol/L group was 1.10 +/- 0.12, significantly higher than that of the Pio 10 micromol/L group (P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	94-97	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	42-49
18756989-12	2008	RESULTS: Western blotting showed that the DC-SIGN protein expression levels of the DCs of the Pio 1.0 micromol/L and Pio 10 micromol/L group were 0.96 +/- 0.09 and 0.80 +/- 0.08 respectively, both significantly lower than that of the blank control group (1.25 +/- 0.23, P &lt; 0.05 and P &lt; 0.01); and the DC-SIGN protein expression level of the GW9662 10 micromol/L + Pio 10 micromol/L group was 1.10 +/- 0.12, significantly higher than that of the Pio 10 micromol/L group (P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	94-97	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	308-315
18756989-12	2008	RESULTS: Western blotting showed that the DC-SIGN protein expression levels of the DCs of the Pio 1.0 micromol/L and Pio 10 micromol/L group were 0.96 +/- 0.09 and 0.80 +/- 0.08 respectively, both significantly lower than that of the blank control group (1.25 +/- 0.23, P &lt; 0.05 and P &lt; 0.01); and the DC-SIGN protein expression level of the GW9662 10 micromol/L + Pio 10 micromol/L group was 1.10 +/- 0.12, significantly higher than that of the Pio 10 micromol/L group (P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	117-120	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	42-49
18756989-12	2008	RESULTS: Western blotting showed that the DC-SIGN protein expression levels of the DCs of the Pio 1.0 micromol/L and Pio 10 micromol/L group were 0.96 +/- 0.09 and 0.80 +/- 0.08 respectively, both significantly lower than that of the blank control group (1.25 +/- 0.23, P &lt; 0.05 and P &lt; 0.01); and the DC-SIGN protein expression level of the GW9662 10 micromol/L + Pio 10 micromol/L group was 1.10 +/- 0.12, significantly higher than that of the Pio 10 micromol/L group (P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	117-120	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	308-315
18756989-13	2008	Immunofluorescence test showed that the DC-SIGN protein expression levels of the DCs of the Pio 1.0 micromol/L and Pio 10 micromol/L group were 22.3 +/- 5.4 and 14.4 +/- 2.3 respectively, both significantly lower than that of the control group (29.5 +/- 5.1, P &lt; 0.05 and P &lt; 0.01), and the DC-SIGN protein expression level of the GW9662 10 micromol/L + Pio 10 micromol/L group was 24.9 +/- 4.3, significantly higher than that of the Pio 10 micromol/L group (P &lt; 0.01), and not significantly different from that of the blank control group (P &gt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	92-95	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	40-47
18756989-13	2008	Immunofluorescence test showed that the DC-SIGN protein expression levels of the DCs of the Pio 1.0 micromol/L and Pio 10 micromol/L group were 22.3 +/- 5.4 and 14.4 +/- 2.3 respectively, both significantly lower than that of the control group (29.5 +/- 5.1, P &lt; 0.05 and P &lt; 0.01), and the DC-SIGN protein expression level of the GW9662 10 micromol/L + Pio 10 micromol/L group was 24.9 +/- 4.3, significantly higher than that of the Pio 10 micromol/L group (P &lt; 0.01), and not significantly different from that of the blank control group (P &gt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	92-95	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	297-304
18756989-13	2008	Immunofluorescence test showed that the DC-SIGN protein expression levels of the DCs of the Pio 1.0 micromol/L and Pio 10 micromol/L group were 22.3 +/- 5.4 and 14.4 +/- 2.3 respectively, both significantly lower than that of the control group (29.5 +/- 5.1, P &lt; 0.05 and P &lt; 0.01), and the DC-SIGN protein expression level of the GW9662 10 micromol/L + Pio 10 micromol/L group was 24.9 +/- 4.3, significantly higher than that of the Pio 10 micromol/L group (P &lt; 0.01), and not significantly different from that of the blank control group (P &gt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	115-118	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	40-47
18756989-13	2008	Immunofluorescence test showed that the DC-SIGN protein expression levels of the DCs of the Pio 1.0 micromol/L and Pio 10 micromol/L group were 22.3 +/- 5.4 and 14.4 +/- 2.3 respectively, both significantly lower than that of the control group (29.5 +/- 5.1, P &lt; 0.05 and P &lt; 0.01), and the DC-SIGN protein expression level of the GW9662 10 micromol/L + Pio 10 micromol/L group was 24.9 +/- 4.3, significantly higher than that of the Pio 10 micromol/L group (P &lt; 0.01), and not significantly different from that of the blank control group (P &gt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	115-118	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	297-304
18321232-8	2008	Vaspin mRNA increased with treatment of thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone).	Pioglitazone	60-72	serpin family A member 12	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
18313605-0	2008	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activator, attenuates atrial fibrosis and atrial fibrillation promotion in rabbits with congestive heart failure.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	16-64
18313605-1	2008	BACKGROUND: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) activator pioglitazone antagonizes angiotensin II actions and possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in vitro.	Pioglitazone	88-100	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	16-64
18313605-1	2008	BACKGROUND: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) activator pioglitazone antagonizes angiotensin II actions and possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in vitro.	Pioglitazone	88-100	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	66-76
18313605-7	2008	Both pioglitazone and candesartan reduced transforming growth factor-beta1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase expression similarly, but neither affected p38-kinase or c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation.	Pioglitazone	5-17	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transforming growth factor beta-1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	42-103
19885350-1	2008	AIM: Pioglitazone is an established peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist for the treatment of insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	5-17	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	36-84
19885350-1	2008	AIM: Pioglitazone is an established peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist for the treatment of insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	5-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	114-121
21221185-3	2008	Metformin and the thiazolidinediones, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, are insulin-sensitizing agents available for treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	38-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
21221185-5	2008	The fixed-dose combination of metformin and pioglitazone appears to be a good option for treating diabetes in insulin-resistant patients.	Pioglitazone	44-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	110-117
18212290-9	2008	Treatment of transplanted ApoE(-/-) mice with pioglitazone decreased macrophage content of the transplanted visceral fat pad and reduced plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.	Pioglitazone	46-58	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	26-30
18212290-9	2008	Treatment of transplanted ApoE(-/-) mice with pioglitazone decreased macrophage content of the transplanted visceral fat pad and reduced plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.	Pioglitazone	46-58	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	144-178
18365682-1	2008	Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione (TZD) class of antidiabetic drug acting mainly through activation of PPARgamma which is a member of family of ligand activated nuclear hormone receptors.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	105-114
18031315-0	2008	Pioglitazone (7.5 mg/day) added to flutamide-metformin in women with androgen excess: additional increments of visfatin and high molecular weight adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	111-119
18031315-0	2008	Pioglitazone (7.5 mg/day) added to flutamide-metformin in women with androgen excess: additional increments of visfatin and high molecular weight adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	146-157
18000176-0	2008	Soluble CD36 and risk markers of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis are elevated in polycystic ovary syndrome and significantly reduced during pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	147-159	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
18000176-9	2008	Following pioglitazone treatment, insulin sensitivity increased, whereas sCD36 (3.21 relative units [0.76-13.6] vs. 2.33 relative units [0.84-6.46]) and hsCRP decreased (P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	10-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
18000176-12	2008	Pioglitazone treatment reduced sCD36 while improving insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism, further supporting the association between sCD36 and insulin resistance in PCOS.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
18000176-12	2008	Pioglitazone treatment reduced sCD36 while improving insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism, further supporting the association between sCD36 and insulin resistance in PCOS.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	145-152
18057090-2	2008	RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: TSP1 gene expression was quantified in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of 86 nondiabetic subjects covering a wide range of BMI and insulin sensitivity, from visceral adipose (VAT) and SAT from 14 surgical patients and from 38 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance randomized to receive either pioglitazone or metformin for 10 weeks.	Pioglitazone	327-339	thrombospondin 1	Homo sapiens	29-33
18057090-8	2008	Pioglitazone (not metformin) treatment resulted in a 54% decrease (P &lt; 0.04) in adipose TSP gene expression, as did in vitro pioglitazone treatment of adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	thrombospondin 1	Homo sapiens	91-94
18057090-9	2008	CONCLUSIONS: TSP1 is a true adipokine that is highly expressed in obese, insulin-resistant subjects; is highly correlated with adipose inflammation; and is decreased by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	169-181	thrombospondin 1	Homo sapiens	13-17
18392690-6	2008	RESULTS: At 12 weeks, the rosiglitazone (P = 0.026) and pioglitazone (P = 0.004) groups had a significant increase from baseline in adiponectin that was not seen in the medical nutrition therapy group.	Pioglitazone	56-68	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	132-143
18220486-6	2008	Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone resulted in a similar improvement in HbA1c and insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	18-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	78-85
18158350-1	2008	The effect of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, on hypertensive cardiovascular injury is unknown.	Pioglitazone	14-26	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	30-78
18158350-9	2008	Pioglitazone monotherapy significantly attenuated cardiovascular p22(phox) and Rac1 in SHRSP, whereas pioglitazone combined with candesartan more attenuated p22(phox) and significantly reduced Nox1.	Pioglitazone	0-12	Rac family small GTPase 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-83
18158350-9	2008	Pioglitazone monotherapy significantly attenuated cardiovascular p22(phox) and Rac1 in SHRSP, whereas pioglitazone combined with candesartan more attenuated p22(phox) and significantly reduced Nox1.	Pioglitazone	102-114	NADPH oxidase 1	Rattus norvegicus	193-197
17768592-5	2008	Pioglitazone ameliorated lipid profile and lowered liver enzymes and C-reactive protein.	Pioglitazone	0-12	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	69-87
17588584-4	2008	During Pioglitazone treatment, a 12% reduction in MMP-9 and a 18% reduction in hsCRP levels (p&lt;0.05, respectively) could be observed already after 3 days.	Pioglitazone	7-19	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	50-55
17588584-6	2008	At the end of the study, these parameters were significantly lower in the pioglitazone group as compared to the placebo group (MMP-9: 392+/-286 versus 427+/-166 ng/ml; hsCRP: 1.9+/-1.7 versus 3.1+/-2.3 ng/L; MCP-1: 413+/-115 versus 471+/-146 pg/ml; p&lt;0.05, respectively).	Pioglitazone	74-86	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	127-132
17588584-6	2008	At the end of the study, these parameters were significantly lower in the pioglitazone group as compared to the placebo group (MMP-9: 392+/-286 versus 427+/-166 ng/ml; hsCRP: 1.9+/-1.7 versus 3.1+/-2.3 ng/L; MCP-1: 413+/-115 versus 471+/-146 pg/ml; p&lt;0.05, respectively).	Pioglitazone	74-86	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	208-213
17588584-7	2008	sCD40 levels decreased by 32.5% (p&lt;0.05) and P-selectin decreased by 3.2% (p=0.053) in the pioglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	94-106	selectin P	Homo sapiens	48-58
18160120-13	2008	These data suggest that pioglitazone reduces peripheral insulin resistance via mechanisms different from those of metformin.	Pioglitazone	24-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	56-63
18207323-2	2008	Pioglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), can prevent these deficits and protect dopaminergic neurons.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	28-76
18207323-2	2008	Pioglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), can prevent these deficits and protect dopaminergic neurons.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
17803698-2	2008	In the present study we evaluated total and HMW adiponectin in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients and controls and examined possible mechanisms for increased insulin sensitivity during pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	192-204	insulin	Homo sapiens	165-172
17803698-7	2008	Following pioglitazone treatment, total and HMW adiponectin increased (all P &lt; 0.05), whereas no significant changes were observed with placebo.	Pioglitazone	10-22	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	48-59
17803698-10	2008	CONCLUSION: A close correlation between increased total adiponectin levels and increased insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism during pioglitzone treatment supports the hypothesis that the insulin-sensitizing effect of pioglitazone in PCOS is, at least in part, mediated by adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	219-231	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	56-67
17803698-10	2008	CONCLUSION: A close correlation between increased total adiponectin levels and increased insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism during pioglitzone treatment supports the hypothesis that the insulin-sensitizing effect of pioglitazone in PCOS is, at least in part, mediated by adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	219-231	insulin	Homo sapiens	89-96
17803698-10	2008	CONCLUSION: A close correlation between increased total adiponectin levels and increased insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism during pioglitzone treatment supports the hypothesis that the insulin-sensitizing effect of pioglitazone in PCOS is, at least in part, mediated by adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	219-231	insulin	Homo sapiens	189-196
17977950-0	2008	Impaired insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt and AS160 in skeletal muscle of women with polycystic ovary syndrome is reversed by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	135-147	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
17977950-0	2008	Impaired insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt and AS160 in skeletal muscle of women with polycystic ovary syndrome is reversed by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	135-147	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	47-50
17977950-0	2008	Impaired insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt and AS160 in skeletal muscle of women with polycystic ovary syndrome is reversed by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	135-147	TBC1 domain family member 4	Homo sapiens	55-60
17977950-3	2008	RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We determined molecular mediators of insulin signaling to glucose transport in skeletal muscle biopsies of 24 PCOS patients and 14 matched control subjects metabolically characterized by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps and indirect calorimetry, and we examined the effect of 16 weeks of treatment with pioglitazone in PCOS patients.	Pioglitazone	334-346	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
17977950-7	2008	Importantly, the pioglitazone-mediated improvement in insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism, which did not fully reach normal levels, was accompanied by normalization of insulin-mediated Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 and Thr308 and AS160 phosphorylation.	Pioglitazone	17-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
17977950-7	2008	Importantly, the pioglitazone-mediated improvement in insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism, which did not fully reach normal levels, was accompanied by normalization of insulin-mediated Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 and Thr308 and AS160 phosphorylation.	Pioglitazone	17-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	170-177
17977950-7	2008	Importantly, the pioglitazone-mediated improvement in insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism, which did not fully reach normal levels, was accompanied by normalization of insulin-mediated Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 and Thr308 and AS160 phosphorylation.	Pioglitazone	17-29	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	187-190
17977950-7	2008	Importantly, the pioglitazone-mediated improvement in insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism, which did not fully reach normal levels, was accompanied by normalization of insulin-mediated Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 and Thr308 and AS160 phosphorylation.	Pioglitazone	17-29	TBC1 domain family member 4	Homo sapiens	232-237
17977950-9	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Impaired insulin signaling through Akt and AS160 in part explains insulin resistance at the molecular level in skeletal muscle in PCOS, and the ability of pioglitazone to enhance insulin sensitivity involves improved signaling through Akt and AS160.	Pioglitazone	168-180	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	248-251
17977950-9	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Impaired insulin signaling through Akt and AS160 in part explains insulin resistance at the molecular level in skeletal muscle in PCOS, and the ability of pioglitazone to enhance insulin sensitivity involves improved signaling through Akt and AS160.	Pioglitazone	168-180	TBC1 domain family member 4	Homo sapiens	256-261
17555752-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma) ligand (pioglitazone) on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression in endometriotic stromal cells (ESCs) and on proliferation of ESCs.	Pioglitazone	110-122	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	40-88
17555752-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma) ligand (pioglitazone) on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression in endometriotic stromal cells (ESCs) and on proliferation of ESCs.	Pioglitazone	110-122	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	90-100
17555752-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma) ligand (pioglitazone) on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression in endometriotic stromal cells (ESCs) and on proliferation of ESCs.	Pioglitazone	110-122	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	127-154
17555752-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma) ligand (pioglitazone) on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression in endometriotic stromal cells (ESCs) and on proliferation of ESCs.	Pioglitazone	110-122	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	156-165
17555752-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma) ligand (pioglitazone) on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression in endometriotic stromal cells (ESCs) and on proliferation of ESCs.	Pioglitazone	110-122	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	175-188
17555752-7	2008	We determined the effect of pioglitazone on the production of TNF-alpha-induced IL-8 protein in culture supernatant of ESCs using ELISA.	Pioglitazone	28-40	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	62-71
17555752-7	2008	We determined the effect of pioglitazone on the production of TNF-alpha-induced IL-8 protein in culture supernatant of ESCs using ELISA.	Pioglitazone	28-40	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	80-84
17555752-8	2008	The effect of pioglitazone on TNF-alpha-induced proliferation of ESCs was evaluated by 5-bromo-2"-deoxyuridine proliferation assay.	Pioglitazone	14-26	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	30-39
17555752-13	2008	Treating ESCs with 0.1-10 microM of pioglitazone significantly reduced the TNF-alpha-induced IL-8 production.	Pioglitazone	36-48	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	75-84
17555752-13	2008	Treating ESCs with 0.1-10 microM of pioglitazone significantly reduced the TNF-alpha-induced IL-8 production.	Pioglitazone	36-48	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	93-97
17555752-17	2008	The TNF-alpha markedly increased the intranuclear concentration of p65, and adding pioglitazone (10 microM) significantly reduced the concentration of p65.	Pioglitazone	83-95	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	151-154
17555752-18	2008	CONCLUSION(S): The present study demonstrates for the first time that PPAR gamma is expressed in ESCs, and that pioglitazone reduced IL-8 secretion and the proliferation of ESCs.	Pioglitazone	112-124	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	70-80
17555752-18	2008	CONCLUSION(S): The present study demonstrates for the first time that PPAR gamma is expressed in ESCs, and that pioglitazone reduced IL-8 secretion and the proliferation of ESCs.	Pioglitazone	112-124	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	133-137
18270461-6	2008	RESULTS: Treatment with pioglitazone significantly decreased the levels of HbA1c, FPG, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, RLP-C, PAI-1, TNF- alpha , and hs-CRP, but not the level, IRI, lipids, or leptin.	Pioglitazone	24-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	123-130
18270461-6	2008	RESULTS: Treatment with pioglitazone significantly decreased the levels of HbA1c, FPG, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, RLP-C, PAI-1, TNF- alpha , and hs-CRP, but not the level, IRI, lipids, or leptin.	Pioglitazone	24-36	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	166-171
18270461-6	2008	RESULTS: Treatment with pioglitazone significantly decreased the levels of HbA1c, FPG, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, RLP-C, PAI-1, TNF- alpha , and hs-CRP, but not the level, IRI, lipids, or leptin.	Pioglitazone	24-36	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	173-183
18166202-5	2008	The adiponectin production by 7 is synergistically enhanced by coaddition of a PPARgamma-specific agonist, pioglitazone (PGZ), or another PPARgamma agonist, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in cultured preadipocytes.	Pioglitazone	107-119	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	4-15
18166202-5	2008	The adiponectin production by 7 is synergistically enhanced by coaddition of a PPARgamma-specific agonist, pioglitazone (PGZ), or another PPARgamma agonist, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in cultured preadipocytes.	Pioglitazone	121-124	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	4-15
17999918-4	2008	In vivo, significantly increased serum levels of MMP-9 were found in obesity-induced hyperinsulinemic C57BL/J6 mice, which were diminished by treatment with the anti-diabetic PPARgamma-ligand pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	192-204	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	49-54
17999918-4	2008	In vivo, significantly increased serum levels of MMP-9 were found in obesity-induced hyperinsulinemic C57BL/J6 mice, which were diminished by treatment with the anti-diabetic PPARgamma-ligand pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	192-204	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	175-184
17999918-5	2008	In line with this, pioglitazone inhibited Erk1/2-phosphorylation and subsequent insulin-dependent MMP-9 synthesis in THP-1 cells.	Pioglitazone	19-31	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	42-48
17999918-5	2008	In line with this, pioglitazone inhibited Erk1/2-phosphorylation and subsequent insulin-dependent MMP-9 synthesis in THP-1 cells.	Pioglitazone	19-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	80-87
17999918-5	2008	In line with this, pioglitazone inhibited Erk1/2-phosphorylation and subsequent insulin-dependent MMP-9 synthesis in THP-1 cells.	Pioglitazone	19-31	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	98-103
18205920-0	2008	Pioglitazone inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide synthase is associated with altered activity of p38 MAP kinase and PI3K/Akt.	Pioglitazone	0-12	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	115-118
18205920-0	2008	Pioglitazone inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide synthase is associated with altered activity of p38 MAP kinase and PI3K/Akt.	Pioglitazone	0-12	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	139-142
18205920-7	2008	RESULTS: Our results showed that pioglitazone inhibits LPS-induced iNOS expression and NO generation, and inhibition of iNOS is sufficient to protect dopaminergic neurons against LPS insult.	Pioglitazone	33-45	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	67-71
18205920-9	2008	Further, and of interest, pioglitazone inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK.	Pioglitazone	26-38	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	80-88
18205920-11	2008	Elevations of phosphorylated PPAR-gamma, PI3K, and Akt levels were observed with pioglitazone treatment, and inhibition of PI3K activity enhanced LPS-induced NO production.	Pioglitazone	81-93	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	29-39
18205920-11	2008	Elevations of phosphorylated PPAR-gamma, PI3K, and Akt levels were observed with pioglitazone treatment, and inhibition of PI3K activity enhanced LPS-induced NO production.	Pioglitazone	81-93	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	51-54
18205920-13	2008	CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that pioglitazone protects dopaminergic neurons against LPS insult at least via inhibiting iNOS expression and NO generation, which is potentially mediated via inhibition of p38 MAPK activity.	Pioglitazone	32-44	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	118-122
18205920-13	2008	CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that pioglitazone protects dopaminergic neurons against LPS insult at least via inhibiting iNOS expression and NO generation, which is potentially mediated via inhibition of p38 MAPK activity.	Pioglitazone	32-44	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	201-204
18327303-0	2008	Pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma ligand, exerts cytostatic/cytotoxic effects against cancer cells, that do not result from inhibition of proteasome.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	16-26
18327303-6	2008	Incubation of tumor cells with pioglitazone resulted in increased levels of p53 and p27 and decreased levels of cyclin D1.	Pioglitazone	31-43	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	76-79
18327303-6	2008	Incubation of tumor cells with pioglitazone resulted in increased levels of p53 and p27 and decreased levels of cyclin D1.	Pioglitazone	31-43	interferon alpha inducible protein 27	Homo sapiens	84-87
18327303-6	2008	Incubation of tumor cells with pioglitazone resulted in increased levels of p53 and p27 and decreased levels of cyclin D1.	Pioglitazone	31-43	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	112-121
18810647-0	2008	PPAR gamma ligands, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, inhibit bFGF- and VEGF-mediated angiogenesis.	Pioglitazone	38-50	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	60-64
18810647-0	2008	PPAR gamma ligands, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, inhibit bFGF- and VEGF-mediated angiogenesis.	Pioglitazone	38-50	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	70-74
18199331-13	2008	Rosiglitazone 10 mg/kg/day or pioglitazone 30 mg/kg/day increased the expression of PPAR-gamma and adiponectin in adipose tissue, confirming that they were activating PPAR-gamma in inflammatory conditions, although an increase in fat mass percentage was observed for the most anti-arthritic dose.	Pioglitazone	30-42	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	84-94
18199331-13	2008	Rosiglitazone 10 mg/kg/day or pioglitazone 30 mg/kg/day increased the expression of PPAR-gamma and adiponectin in adipose tissue, confirming that they were activating PPAR-gamma in inflammatory conditions, although an increase in fat mass percentage was observed for the most anti-arthritic dose.	Pioglitazone	30-42	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	99-110
18199331-13	2008	Rosiglitazone 10 mg/kg/day or pioglitazone 30 mg/kg/day increased the expression of PPAR-gamma and adiponectin in adipose tissue, confirming that they were activating PPAR-gamma in inflammatory conditions, although an increase in fat mass percentage was observed for the most anti-arthritic dose.	Pioglitazone	30-42	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	167-177
17692499-7	2008	Anti-CD31 immunostaining revealed that pioglitazone also significantly improved the capillary density in ischemic limb muscle.	Pioglitazone	39-51	platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	5-9
17692499-9	2008	Pioglitazone normalized vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein levels, which was decreased in ischemic muscle of KKAy mice, and up-regulated eNOS phosphorylation at Ser-1177 and Akt phosphorylation at Ser-473 in ischemic muscle.	Pioglitazone	0-12	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	24-58
17692499-9	2008	Pioglitazone normalized vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein levels, which was decreased in ischemic muscle of KKAy mice, and up-regulated eNOS phosphorylation at Ser-1177 and Akt phosphorylation at Ser-473 in ischemic muscle.	Pioglitazone	0-12	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	60-64
18047631-3	2008	The aim of the present study was to test whether PPAR-gamma agonists 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ2) and pioglitazone could alter AngII-induced collagen type I formation in vascular adventitial fibroblasts via reactive oxygen species (ROS).	Pioglitazone	125-137	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	150-155
18047631-13	2008	Pretreatment of cells with 15d-PGJ2 and pioglitazone attenuated collagen type I expression and generation of ROS induced by AngII, respectively.	Pioglitazone	40-52	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	124-129
18047631-15	2008	Angiotensin II treatment activated the redox-sensitive transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1, whereas pretreatment with 15d-PGJ2 and pioglitazone reduced the AngII-induced DNA-binding activity of NF-kappaB but not AP-1.	Pioglitazone	136-148	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	161-166
18047631-16	2008	4 Our data demonstrate that the PPAR-gamma agonists 15d-PGJ2 and pioglitazone attenuate AngII-mediated collagen type I expression in adventitial fibroblasts, which may be mediated by the modulation of ROS release and the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-kappaB.	Pioglitazone	65-77	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
18047631-16	2008	4 Our data demonstrate that the PPAR-gamma agonists 15d-PGJ2 and pioglitazone attenuate AngII-mediated collagen type I expression in adventitial fibroblasts, which may be mediated by the modulation of ROS release and the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-kappaB.	Pioglitazone	65-77	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	88-93
18783297-9	2008	Using this equation, the ICCYP3A4 was calculated for seven inducers (bosentan, carbamazepine, efavirenz, phenytoin, pioglitazone, rifampicin [rifampin], and St John"s wort [hypericum]) on the basis of the reduction in the AUC of a coadministered standard substrate of CYP3A4, such as simvastatin, in ten DDI studies.	Pioglitazone	116-128	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	27-33
19075761-5	2008	With the clinical success of the PPARgamma agonists, pioglitazone (Actos) and rosiglitazone (Avandia), development of novel and potent insulin-sensitizing agents with diverse clinical profiles has been accelerated.	Pioglitazone	53-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
17909084-0	2008	Addition of pioglitazone and ramipril to intensive insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic patients improves vascular dysfunction by different mechanisms.	Pioglitazone	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
17909084-6	2008	Plasma adiponectin doubled with pioglitazone treatment (6.2 +/- 0.7 to 13.1 +/- 1.8 microg/ml), while endothelin-1 decreased only with ramipril treatment (2.5 +/- 0.2 to 1.1 +/- 0.2 pg/ml) (P &lt; 001).	Pioglitazone	32-44	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	7-18
17909084-9	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Addition of pioglitazone or ramipril to intensive insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes further improves vascular dysfunction.	Pioglitazone	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
17909084-11	2008	These different vascular effects, combined with the observation that pioglitazone decreases free fatty acids and triglycerides and increases adiponectin, while ramipril reduces endothelin-1, suggest that different mechanisms underlie the vascular responses.	Pioglitazone	69-81	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	141-152
17914032-5	2008	In contrast, pioglitazone enhanced (P &lt; 0.01) insulin-induced suppression of both glucose production (6.0 +/- 1.0 vs. 0.2 +/- 1.6 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1)) and gluconeogenesis (n = 11; 4.5 +/- 0.9 vs. 0.8 +/- 1.2 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1)).	Pioglitazone	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
17914032-7	2008	Insulin-induced suppression of free fatty acids was greater (P &lt; 0.05) after treatment with pioglitazone (0.14 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.06 +/- 0.01 mmol/l) but unchanged with metformin (0.12 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.15 +/- 0.07 mmol/l).	Pioglitazone	95-107	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
17914032-8	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Thus, relative to metformin, pioglitazone improves hepatic insulin action in people with type 2 diabetes, partly by enhancing insulin-induced suppression of gluconeogenesis.	Pioglitazone	42-54	insulin	Homo sapiens	72-79
17913794-0	2008	Trimethoprim and the CYP2C8*3 allele have opposite effects on the pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	86-98	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	21-27
17913794-1	2008	We studied the effects of the CYP2C8 inhibitor trimethoprim and CYP2C8 genotype on the pharmacokinetics of the antidiabetic pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	124-136	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	30-36
17913794-1	2008	We studied the effects of the CYP2C8 inhibitor trimethoprim and CYP2C8 genotype on the pharmacokinetics of the antidiabetic pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	124-136	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	64-70
17913794-6	2008	During the placebo phase, the weight-adjusted AUC(0-infinity) of pioglitazone was 34% smaller in the CYP2C8(*)3/(*)3 group and 26% smaller in the CYP2C8(*)1/(*)3 group than in the CYP2C8(*)1/(*)1 group (p &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	65-77	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	101-107
17913794-6	2008	During the placebo phase, the weight-adjusted AUC(0-infinity) of pioglitazone was 34% smaller in the CYP2C8(*)3/(*)3 group and 26% smaller in the CYP2C8(*)1/(*)3 group than in the CYP2C8(*)1/(*)1 group (p &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	65-77	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	146-152
17913794-6	2008	During the placebo phase, the weight-adjusted AUC(0-infinity) of pioglitazone was 34% smaller in the CYP2C8(*)3/(*)3 group and 26% smaller in the CYP2C8(*)1/(*)3 group than in the CYP2C8(*)1/(*)1 group (p &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	65-77	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	146-152
17913794-8	2008	In conclusion, drug interactions and pharmacogenetics affecting the CYP2C8 enzyme may change the safety of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	107-119	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	68-74
18759508-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Pioglitazone is an antidiabetic drug that targets insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by stimulating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma.	Pioglitazone	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	62-69
18759508-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Pioglitazone is an antidiabetic drug that targets insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by stimulating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma.	Pioglitazone	12-24	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	142-197
18493139-4	2008	Pioglitazone treatment, however, diminishes circulating DHEAS responses to ACTH in both prenatally androgenized and control female monkeys, while increasing the 17-hydroxyprogesterone response and reducing the DHEA to 17-hydroxyprogesterone ratio.	Pioglitazone	0-12	sulfotransferase family 2A member 1	Homo sapiens	56-61
18215232-0	2008	PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone reduces [corrected] neuronal cell damage after transient global cerebral ischemia through matrix metalloproteinase inhibition.	Pioglitazone	18-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-9
18215232-1	2008	Previous studies have demonstrated that pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, inhibits ischemia-induced injury in various tissues including neural tissue.	Pioglitazone	40-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	56-104
18215232-1	2008	Previous studies have demonstrated that pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, inhibits ischemia-induced injury in various tissues including neural tissue.	Pioglitazone	40-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	106-115
18215232-11	2008	Pioglitazone significantly inhibited ischemia-induced elevation of the active form of MMP-9.	Pioglitazone	0-12	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	86-91
18215232-15	2008	Pioglitazone also inhibited TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining in CA1 and CA2 areas.	Pioglitazone	0-12	deoxynucleotidyltransferase, terminal	Mus musculus	28-31
18215232-15	2008	Pioglitazone also inhibited TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining in CA1 and CA2 areas.	Pioglitazone	0-12	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	76-79
18215232-15	2008	Pioglitazone also inhibited TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining in CA1 and CA2 areas.	Pioglitazone	0-12	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	84-87
18215232-16	2008	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, reduces delayed neuronal damage induced by global ischemia through inhibition of MMP-9 activity.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	16-25
18215232-16	2008	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, reduces delayed neuronal damage induced by global ischemia through inhibition of MMP-9 activity.	Pioglitazone	0-12	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	116-121
18360026-3	2008	Male New Zealand rabbits were randomized for infusion with Ang II, either alone or in combination with pioglitazone (a PPARgamma agonist).	Pioglitazone	103-115	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	119-128
18360026-9	2008	Both the immunohistochemical study and Western blotting demonstrated that pioglitazone treatment enhaced PPARgamma expression and greatly inhibited Ang II-induced up-regulation of gp91phox.	Pioglitazone	74-86	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	105-114
18360026-9	2008	Both the immunohistochemical study and Western blotting demonstrated that pioglitazone treatment enhaced PPARgamma expression and greatly inhibited Ang II-induced up-regulation of gp91phox.	Pioglitazone	74-86	cytochrome b-245 heavy chain	Oryctolagus cuniculus	180-188
18360026-10	2008	In conclusion, the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone significantly improved NO bioavailability in Ang II-infused rabbits, most likely by attenuating nitrosative stresses.	Pioglitazone	37-49	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	19-28
19902036-0	2008	Correlation between changes of blood pressure with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus with 4 weeks of pioglitazone therapy.	Pioglitazone	114-126	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
18184212-0	2008	Early amelioration of insulin resistance and reduction of interleukin-6 in Werner syndrome using pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	97-109	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
18184212-0	2008	Early amelioration of insulin resistance and reduction of interleukin-6 in Werner syndrome using pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	97-109	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	58-71
17995925-1	2008	Pioglitazone, one of thiazolidinediones, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma ligand, is known to have beneficial effects on macrovascular complications in diabetes, but the effect on diabetic neuropathy is not well addressed.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	43-98
18311072-0	2008	Pioglitazone can downregulate bone morphogenetic protein-2 expression induced by high glucose in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Homo sapiens	30-58
18311072-3	2008	Here we show in human umbilical vein endothelial cells that high glucose increased BMP-2 expression, associated with NF-kappaB activation, whereas pioglitazone suppressed BMP-2 expression and NF-kappaB65 activation induced by high glucose.	Pioglitazone	147-159	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Homo sapiens	171-176
18311072-5	2008	Our findings indicate that BMP-2 expression induced by high glucose might be closely related to NF-kappaB activation, and both effects can be suppressed by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	156-168	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Homo sapiens	27-32
18464922-7	2008	We and others have tested the neuroprotective effect of pioglitazone (Actos), a PPAR-gamma agonist, in G93A SOD1 transgenic mouse model of ALS and found significant increase in survival of G93A SOD1 mice.	Pioglitazone	56-68	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	80-90
18464922-7	2008	We and others have tested the neuroprotective effect of pioglitazone (Actos), a PPAR-gamma agonist, in G93A SOD1 transgenic mouse model of ALS and found significant increase in survival of G93A SOD1 mice.	Pioglitazone	56-68	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	108-112
18464922-7	2008	We and others have tested the neuroprotective effect of pioglitazone (Actos), a PPAR-gamma agonist, in G93A SOD1 transgenic mouse model of ALS and found significant increase in survival of G93A SOD1 mice.	Pioglitazone	56-68	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	194-198
18584038-7	2008	Pioglitazone and troglitazone demonstrated opposing actions on microglial CCL2 production that were TLR ligand-dependent.	Pioglitazone	0-12	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	74-78
18596912-2	2008	Two synthetic PPARgamma ligands (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) were approved for the therapy of type-2 diabetes mellitus and are expected to serve as novel cures for inflammatory diseases and cancer.	Pioglitazone	51-63	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	14-23
19337535-5	2008	When started concomitantly in drug-naive patients, the combination of pioglitazone 30 mg and vildagliptin 100 mg qd reduces HbA1c by 1.9% after 24 weeks, compared with 1.1% with pioglitazone monotherapy.	Pioglitazone	70-82	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	124-128
17917367-5	2007	Subcutaneous injection of 10 mg/kg per day of pioglitazone for 2 months significantly restored levels of LPO, CAT, GPx, Cu,Zn-SOD, and NEFA in the HFDS-SHHR group, and visceral fat accumulation was reduced.	Pioglitazone	46-58	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	110-113
18810647-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma) agonists, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)- and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced angiogenesis and on endothelial cell migration.	Pioglitazone	106-118	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	141-175
18810647-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma) agonists, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)- and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced angiogenesis and on endothelial cell migration.	Pioglitazone	106-118	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	177-181
18810647-2	2008	METHODS: Chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model was used to evaluate the efficacy of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone on VEGF- and bFGF-induced angiogenesis.	Pioglitazone	89-101	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Gallus gallus	123-128
18810647-2	2008	METHODS: Chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model was used to evaluate the efficacy of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone on VEGF- and bFGF-induced angiogenesis.	Pioglitazone	89-101	fibroblast growth factor 2	Gallus gallus	133-137
18810647-4	2008	RESULTS: Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone inhibited the pro-angiogenic effects of bFGF and VEGF in the CAM model significantly (P &lt; 0.001) to the same extent.	Pioglitazone	9-21	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	80-84
18810647-4	2008	RESULTS: Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone inhibited the pro-angiogenic effects of bFGF and VEGF in the CAM model significantly (P &lt; 0.001) to the same extent.	Pioglitazone	9-21	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	89-93
18810647-6	2008	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that PPAR gamma ligands, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, in addition to their important regulatory role in adipogenesis and inflammation, possess anti-angiogenic properties.	Pioglitazone	60-72	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	40-50
18053220-5	2007	METHODS: We compared the effectiveness of the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone (PIO) to the established effectiveness of a glucocorticoid receptor agonist, dexamethasone (DEX), in a murine model of asthma induced by cockroach allergen (CRA).	Pioglitazone	65-77	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	46-56
18053220-5	2007	METHODS: We compared the effectiveness of the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone (PIO) to the established effectiveness of a glucocorticoid receptor agonist, dexamethasone (DEX), in a murine model of asthma induced by cockroach allergen (CRA).	Pioglitazone	79-82	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	46-56
17410441-6	2007	Compared with telmisartan, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone attenuated hepatic steatosis and fibrosis of the liver to a similar degree.	Pioglitazone	88-100	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	31-79
17976742-0	2007	Neuroprotection with pioglitazone against LPS insult on dopaminergic neurons may be associated with its inhibition of NF-kappaB and JNK activation and suppression of COX-2 activity.	Pioglitazone	21-33	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	132-135
17976742-0	2007	Neuroprotection with pioglitazone against LPS insult on dopaminergic neurons may be associated with its inhibition of NF-kappaB and JNK activation and suppression of COX-2 activity.	Pioglitazone	21-33	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	166-171
17976742-4	2007	We have previously shown that pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, inhibits microglia activation, reduces proinflammatory factors, and protects dopaminergic neurons.	Pioglitazone	30-42	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	46-94
17976742-5	2007	Here, we demonstrated that pioglitazone protects dopaminergic neurons by inhibiting abnormal microglia activation, interfering with phosphorylation of jun N-terminal kinase and nuclear factor kappa-B, and by suppressing cyclooxygenase 2 expression and the subsequent prostaglandin E(2) synthesis.	Pioglitazone	27-39	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	220-236
17898696-6	2007	In contrast, PGZ but not insulin suppressed enhanced transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) expression.	Pioglitazone	13-16	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-94
17967777-0	2007	Pioglitazone increases macrophage apoptosis and plaque necrosis in advanced atherosclerotic lesions of nondiabetic low-density lipoprotein receptor-null mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	115-147
17872455-0	2007	Pioglitazone stimulates apolipoprotein A-I production without affecting HDL removal in HepG2 cells: involvement of PPAR-alpha.	Pioglitazone	0-12	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	24-42
17872455-4	2007	METHODS AND RESULTS: In human hepatoblastoma (HepG2) cells, pioglitazone, dose-dependently (0.5 to 10 micromol/L), increased the de novo synthesis (up to 45%), secretion (up to 44%), and mRNA expression (up to 59%) of apoA-I.	Pioglitazone	60-72	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	218-224
17872455-5	2007	Pioglitazone also increased apoA-II de novo synthesis (up to 73%) and mRNA expression (up to 129%).	Pioglitazone	0-12	apolipoprotein A2	Homo sapiens	28-35
17872455-7	2007	The pioglitazone-induced apoA-I lipoprotein particles increased cholesterol efflux from THP-1 macrophages.	Pioglitazone	4-16	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	25-31
17872455-7	2007	The pioglitazone-induced apoA-I lipoprotein particles increased cholesterol efflux from THP-1 macrophages.	Pioglitazone	4-16	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	88-93
17872455-8	2007	The pioglitazone-induced apoA-I secretion or mRNA expression by the HepG2 cells was abrogated with the suppression of PPAR-alpha by small interfering RNA or a specific inhibitor of PPAR-alpha, MK886.	Pioglitazone	4-16	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	25-31
17872455-8	2007	The pioglitazone-induced apoA-I secretion or mRNA expression by the HepG2 cells was abrogated with the suppression of PPAR-alpha by small interfering RNA or a specific inhibitor of PPAR-alpha, MK886.	Pioglitazone	4-16	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	118-128
17872455-8	2007	The pioglitazone-induced apoA-I secretion or mRNA expression by the HepG2 cells was abrogated with the suppression of PPAR-alpha by small interfering RNA or a specific inhibitor of PPAR-alpha, MK886.	Pioglitazone	4-16	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	181-191
17872455-9	2007	CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that pioglitazone increases HDL by stimulating the de novo hepatic synthesis of apoA-I without affecting hepatic HDL-protein or HDL-cholesterol removal.	Pioglitazone	36-48	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	111-117
17872455-10	2007	We suggest that pioglitazone-mediated hepatic activation of PPAR-alpha may be one of the mechanisms of action of pioglitazone to raise hepatic apoA-I and HDL.	Pioglitazone	16-28	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	60-70
17872455-10	2007	We suggest that pioglitazone-mediated hepatic activation of PPAR-alpha may be one of the mechanisms of action of pioglitazone to raise hepatic apoA-I and HDL.	Pioglitazone	16-28	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	143-149
17872455-10	2007	We suggest that pioglitazone-mediated hepatic activation of PPAR-alpha may be one of the mechanisms of action of pioglitazone to raise hepatic apoA-I and HDL.	Pioglitazone	113-125	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	60-70
17872455-10	2007	We suggest that pioglitazone-mediated hepatic activation of PPAR-alpha may be one of the mechanisms of action of pioglitazone to raise hepatic apoA-I and HDL.	Pioglitazone	113-125	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	143-149
17950097-6	2007	A thiazolidinedione, pioglitazone, up-regulated the expression of AdipoR2 mRNA and protein in THLE-5b cells.	Pioglitazone	21-33	adiponectin receptor 2	Homo sapiens	66-73
17785466-2	2007	We found that both NR4A3 and NR4A1 were induced by insulin and by thiazolidinedione drugs (pioglitazone and troglitazone) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	91-103	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3	Homo sapiens	19-24
17785466-2	2007	We found that both NR4A3 and NR4A1 were induced by insulin and by thiazolidinedione drugs (pioglitazone and troglitazone) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	91-103	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	29-34
17670902-2	2007	In the present study, pioglitazone (Pio) and candesartan (CD), which are reported to inhibit PAI-1, were administered to spontaneously hypercholesterolemic (SHC) rats, a model of chronic progressive kidney disease.	Pioglitazone	22-34	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-98
17670902-2	2007	In the present study, pioglitazone (Pio) and candesartan (CD), which are reported to inhibit PAI-1, were administered to spontaneously hypercholesterolemic (SHC) rats, a model of chronic progressive kidney disease.	Pioglitazone	36-39	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-98
17670902-12	2007	These results suggest that Pio and CD inhibit PAI-1 and exert renoprotective effects against chronic progressive renal disease, but its action is independent of the regulatory function on plasmin activity.	Pioglitazone	27-30	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-51
17145061-3	2007	We conducted a randomised placebo controlled trial to assess the effects of 12 weeks treatment with a PPAR alpha agonist (fenofibrate) and a PPAR gamma agonist (pioglitazone) on these parameters in obese glucose tolerant men.	Pioglitazone	161-173	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	141-151
17145061-6	2007	Insulin sensitivity improved with pioglitazone treatment (p=0.001) and, in keeping with this, adiponectin increased by 85.2% (p&lt;0.001).	Pioglitazone	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
17145061-8	2007	VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were reduced with both treatments (p&lt;0.001 for VCAM-1, p&lt;0.05 for ICAM-1) and E-selectin improved with pioglitazone treatment (p=0.05).	Pioglitazone	127-139	selectin E	Homo sapiens	102-112
17662078-11	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone ameliorated ageing-related CVOD, possibly by a PPARgamma-mediated inhibition of Rho-kinase and not by a protective effect on the corporal smooth muscle.	Pioglitazone	13-25	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	73-82
17623816-0	2007	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone increases number and function of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with coronary artery disease and normal glucose tolerance.	Pioglitazone	61-73	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-52
17623816-8	2007	Pioglitazone increased CD34(+)/kinase insert domain receptor(+) EPCs to 142 +/- 9% and cultured 1,1"-dioctadecyl-3,3,3",3"-tetramethylindocarbocyanine-labeled acetylated LDL(+)/lectin(+) EPCs to 180 +/- 3% (P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	0-12	CD34 molecule	Homo sapiens	23-27
17623816-13	2007	CONCLUSIONS: The PPAR gamma agonist pioglitazone increases the number and function of EPCs in patients with coronary artery disease.	Pioglitazone	36-48	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	17-27
17952841-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of pioglitazone (PIO) and simvastatin (SIMVA) on adiponectin and visfatin concentrations in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome and increased risk for cardiovascular complications in a prospective randomized clinical trial.	Pioglitazone	61-73	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	107-118
17952841-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of pioglitazone (PIO) and simvastatin (SIMVA) on adiponectin and visfatin concentrations in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome and increased risk for cardiovascular complications in a prospective randomized clinical trial.	Pioglitazone	61-73	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	123-131
17952841-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of pioglitazone (PIO) and simvastatin (SIMVA) on adiponectin and visfatin concentrations in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome and increased risk for cardiovascular complications in a prospective randomized clinical trial.	Pioglitazone	75-78	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	107-118
17952841-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of pioglitazone (PIO) and simvastatin (SIMVA) on adiponectin and visfatin concentrations in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome and increased risk for cardiovascular complications in a prospective randomized clinical trial.	Pioglitazone	75-78	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	123-131
17936399-4	2007	METHODS: We investigated the pathophysiological role of PPARgamma and the effect of the selective PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, on the hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.	Pioglitazone	117-129	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	98-107
18021872-7	2007	Furthermore, in the pioglitazone group HDL cholesterol (+28%; p = 0.003) and adiponectin (+156.2%; p = 0.0001) were increased and plasma insulin (-35%; p = 0.017) was reduced.	Pioglitazone	20-32	insulin	Homo sapiens	137-144
17905743-1	2007	MitoNEET was identified as an outer mitochondrial membrane protein that can potentially bind the anti-diabetes drug pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	116-128	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	0-8
17482623-5	2007	Significantly improved in the pioglitazone group were: triglyceride/HDL (atherogenic index of plasma) -32.3% (p=0.002), plasma glucose -4.4% (p=0.03), alanine-aminotransferase (ALT) -7.7% (p=0.005) and adiponectin 130.1% (p=0.001).	Pioglitazone	30-42	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	151-175
17482623-5	2007	Significantly improved in the pioglitazone group were: triglyceride/HDL (atherogenic index of plasma) -32.3% (p=0.002), plasma glucose -4.4% (p=0.03), alanine-aminotransferase (ALT) -7.7% (p=0.005) and adiponectin 130.1% (p=0.001).	Pioglitazone	30-42	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	177-180
17936664-12	2007	If confirmed on more patients, early use of pioglitazone in association with metformin could be proposed in FPLD2.	Pioglitazone	44-56	lamin A/C	Homo sapiens	108-113
17917367-5	2007	Subcutaneous injection of 10 mg/kg per day of pioglitazone for 2 months significantly restored levels of LPO, CAT, GPx, Cu,Zn-SOD, and NEFA in the HFDS-SHHR group, and visceral fat accumulation was reduced.	Pioglitazone	46-58	superoxide dismutase 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-129
17928738-4	2007	In a preliminary study we therefore investigated the therapeutic effect of low-dose pioglitazone (15 mg/day per body for 24 weeks), a synthetic ligand for PPARgamma, in 12 NASH patients.	Pioglitazone	84-96	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	155-164
17884455-8	2007	Pioglitazone treatment also resulted in a marked increase in serum adiponectin concentration (5.6 +/- 4.1 vs 16.2 +/- 9.9 microg/mL, P &lt; .0001) and a small but significant decrease in serum retinol binding protein 4 concentration (73.4 +/- 25.1 vs 65.1 +/- 23.7 microg/mL, P &lt; .05).	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	67-78
17884455-8	2007	Pioglitazone treatment also resulted in a marked increase in serum adiponectin concentration (5.6 +/- 4.1 vs 16.2 +/- 9.9 microg/mL, P &lt; .0001) and a small but significant decrease in serum retinol binding protein 4 concentration (73.4 +/- 25.1 vs 65.1 +/- 23.7 microg/mL, P &lt; .05).	Pioglitazone	0-12	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	193-218
17786343-1	2007	In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of clofibric acid (CA), a ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha, and pioglitazone, a ligand for PPARgamma, on ovarian cancer in in vivo experiments using human ovarian cancer cell lines, and we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of their anticancer effect.	Pioglitazone	150-162	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	177-186
17786343-8	2007	Increase of apoptosis and necrosis as well as decrease of VEGF expression and MVD were found in solid OVCAR-3 tumors treated with CA, pioglitazone or the combination.	Pioglitazone	134-146	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	58-62
17786343-11	2007	These findings indicate that the combination of CA and pioglitazone produces a potent antitumor effect on ovarian cancer through reduction of AP-1 expression.	Pioglitazone	55-67	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	142-146
19936080-3	2007	We have taken advantage of an analog, based on the metabolism of pioglitazone, which has much reduced ability to activate PPAR gamma.	Pioglitazone	65-77	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	122-132
17766440-0	2007	MitoNEET is a uniquely folded 2Fe 2S outer mitochondrial membrane protein stabilized by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	88-100	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	0-8
17321631-0	2007	Oral pioglitazone administration increases food intake through ghrelin-independent pathway in Zucker fatty rat.	Pioglitazone	5-17	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	63-70
17321631-4	2007	We examined whether oral pioglitazone administration regulates plasma ghrelin concentration and body weights using Zucker fatty rats (ZFR).	Pioglitazone	25-37	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	70-77
17509067-1	2007	BACKGROUND: To investigate short-term effects of pioglitazone and voglibose on serum concentrations of both total and high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin measured with a novel sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ,and on plasma fibrinolysis indicators, in Type 2 diabetic patients with inadequate glycaemic control on sulphonylureas.	Pioglitazone	49-61	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	146-157
17509067-6	2007	Serum total and HMW adiponectin increased in patients treated with pioglitazone, but did not change in patients treated with voglibose.	Pioglitazone	67-79	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	20-31
17509067-7	2007	The HMW : total adiponectin ratio increased significantly after treatment with pioglitazone (P = 0.0004).	Pioglitazone	79-91	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	16-27
17509067-8	2007	The change in HbA(1c) correlated negatively with changes in serum HMW adiponectin in patients treated with pioglitazone (r = -0.694, P = 0.0034).	Pioglitazone	107-119	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	70-81
17509067-10	2007	CONCLUSION: Increased serum HMW adiponectin may contribute to the improvement in glycaemic control after pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	105-117	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	32-43
17907113-5	2007	Pioglitazone significantly (p &lt; or = 0.001) decreased circulating levels of von Willebrand factor (-9.7%, -9.4%) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (-16.8 ng/ml, -12.3 ng/ml), and increased levels of antithrombin-III (+1.3 mg/dL, +1.5 mg/dL) after six and 12 months, respectively.	Pioglitazone	0-12	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	79-100
17907113-5	2007	Pioglitazone significantly (p &lt; or = 0.001) decreased circulating levels of von Willebrand factor (-9.7%, -9.4%) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (-16.8 ng/ml, -12.3 ng/ml), and increased levels of antithrombin-III (+1.3 mg/dL, +1.5 mg/dL) after six and 12 months, respectively.	Pioglitazone	0-12	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	120-153
17907113-5	2007	Pioglitazone significantly (p &lt; or = 0.001) decreased circulating levels of von Willebrand factor (-9.7%, -9.4%) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (-16.8 ng/ml, -12.3 ng/ml), and increased levels of antithrombin-III (+1.3 mg/dL, +1.5 mg/dL) after six and 12 months, respectively.	Pioglitazone	0-12	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	206-222
17935056-6	2007	Recent findings which showed that pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist with weak PPARalpha activity, improved fatty liver disease in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes have prompted interest in whether more potent PPARalpha agonists, such as fenofibrate, may have a role in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).	Pioglitazone	34-46	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	50-59
17935056-6	2007	Recent findings which showed that pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist with weak PPARalpha activity, improved fatty liver disease in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes have prompted interest in whether more potent PPARalpha agonists, such as fenofibrate, may have a role in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).	Pioglitazone	34-46	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	78-87
17935056-6	2007	Recent findings which showed that pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist with weak PPARalpha activity, improved fatty liver disease in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes have prompted interest in whether more potent PPARalpha agonists, such as fenofibrate, may have a role in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).	Pioglitazone	34-46	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	269-278
17696960-10	2007	CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated that pioglitazone can restore the nocturnal BP declines in parallel to reductions in the HOMA index, suggesting that insulin resistance may play an important role in the genesis of circadian BP rhythms.	Pioglitazone	49-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	161-168
17846974-1	2007	Thiazolidinediones such as pioglitazone have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects independent of their insulin sensitizing effects by reducing activation of the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-kappaB in animal models of experimental diabetes.	Pioglitazone	27-39	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	207-216
18037780-8	2007	Pioglitazone did not decrease blood pressure, but partially normalized LV geometry in addition to decreasing myocyte diameter, interstitial fibrosis and number of myofibroblasts; mRNA levels of collagen type I and BNP; MMP2 activity; and protein level of CTGF.	Pioglitazone	0-12	natriuretic peptide B	Rattus norvegicus	214-217
18037780-8	2007	Pioglitazone did not decrease blood pressure, but partially normalized LV geometry in addition to decreasing myocyte diameter, interstitial fibrosis and number of myofibroblasts; mRNA levels of collagen type I and BNP; MMP2 activity; and protein level of CTGF.	Pioglitazone	0-12	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	219-223
18037780-8	2007	Pioglitazone did not decrease blood pressure, but partially normalized LV geometry in addition to decreasing myocyte diameter, interstitial fibrosis and number of myofibroblasts; mRNA levels of collagen type I and BNP; MMP2 activity; and protein level of CTGF.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	255-259
17452150-2	2007	Pioglitazone, a novel insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinedione, has been shown to reduce neointimal hyperplasia after coronary stenting in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
17584744-1	2007	The outer mitochondrial membrane protein mitoNEET was discovered as a binding target of pioglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing drug of the thiazolidinedione class used to treat type 2 diabetes (Colca, J. R., McDonald, W. G., Waldon, D. J., Leone, J. W., Lull, J. M., Bannow, C. A., Lund, E. T., and Mathews, W. R. (2004) Am.	Pioglitazone	88-100	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Homo sapiens	41-49
17109865-7	2007	Pioglitazone significantly reduced hepatic MTTP and NPC1L1 mRNA (p&lt;0.0001) and significantly increased ABCG5 and G8 mRNA (p&lt;0.0001) as compared to insulin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	microsomal triglyceride transfer protein	Rattus norvegicus	43-47
17109865-7	2007	Pioglitazone significantly reduced hepatic MTTP and NPC1L1 mRNA (p&lt;0.0001) and significantly increased ABCG5 and G8 mRNA (p&lt;0.0001) as compared to insulin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	NPC1 like intracellular cholesterol transporter 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-58
17109865-7	2007	Pioglitazone significantly reduced hepatic MTTP and NPC1L1 mRNA (p&lt;0.0001) and significantly increased ABCG5 and G8 mRNA (p&lt;0.0001) as compared to insulin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 5	Rattus norvegicus	106-111
17712875-12	2007	A mixed model analysis of variance on the 178 patients who started with combination therapy, either immediately or after a 3-6 month period on diet, showed that metformin plus gliclazide, repaglinide, or pioglitazone was associated with a gradual increase in HbA1c values.	Pioglitazone	204-216	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	259-263
17696799-1	2007	Pioglitazone, a member of the PPAR-gamma agonist drug family, has been demonstrated to improve both metabolic and vascular insulin resistance when applied to patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	30-40
17966456-0	2007	[The changes of TSP-1 expression in the retina of STZ-induced rat diabetic mellitus model with pioglitazone].	Pioglitazone	95-107	thrombospondin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-21
17966456-1	2007	To observe the changes of TSP-1 expression in the retina of STZ-induced rat diabetic mellitus model with pioglitazone and to elucidate the possible mechanism involved and the effects of thiazolidinediones compound pioglitazone on the early stages of diabetic retinopathy.	Pioglitazone	105-117	thrombospondin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-31
17966456-1	2007	To observe the changes of TSP-1 expression in the retina of STZ-induced rat diabetic mellitus model with pioglitazone and to elucidate the possible mechanism involved and the effects of thiazolidinediones compound pioglitazone on the early stages of diabetic retinopathy.	Pioglitazone	214-226	thrombospondin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-31
17966456-6	2007	8 weeks after the onset of diabetes, every layer of the retina tissue had significant TSP-1 positive staining and when compared with the control group and DM group, the pioglitazone treated DM group had higher TSP-1 positive cell number per unit area; There were significant differences among the DM group, pioglitazone treated DM group and control group in TSP-1 mRNA level, DM group and pioglitazone treated DM group had significantly higher TSP-1 mRNA level than the control group.	Pioglitazone	169-181	thrombospondin 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-91
17966456-6	2007	8 weeks after the onset of diabetes, every layer of the retina tissue had significant TSP-1 positive staining and when compared with the control group and DM group, the pioglitazone treated DM group had higher TSP-1 positive cell number per unit area; There were significant differences among the DM group, pioglitazone treated DM group and control group in TSP-1 mRNA level, DM group and pioglitazone treated DM group had significantly higher TSP-1 mRNA level than the control group.	Pioglitazone	169-181	thrombospondin 1	Rattus norvegicus	210-215
17966456-6	2007	8 weeks after the onset of diabetes, every layer of the retina tissue had significant TSP-1 positive staining and when compared with the control group and DM group, the pioglitazone treated DM group had higher TSP-1 positive cell number per unit area; There were significant differences among the DM group, pioglitazone treated DM group and control group in TSP-1 mRNA level, DM group and pioglitazone treated DM group had significantly higher TSP-1 mRNA level than the control group.	Pioglitazone	169-181	thrombospondin 1	Rattus norvegicus	210-215
17966456-6	2007	8 weeks after the onset of diabetes, every layer of the retina tissue had significant TSP-1 positive staining and when compared with the control group and DM group, the pioglitazone treated DM group had higher TSP-1 positive cell number per unit area; There were significant differences among the DM group, pioglitazone treated DM group and control group in TSP-1 mRNA level, DM group and pioglitazone treated DM group had significantly higher TSP-1 mRNA level than the control group.	Pioglitazone	169-181	thrombospondin 1	Rattus norvegicus	210-215
17966456-7	2007	Our results showed that pioglitazone treatment can alleviate the pathological changes of DR and the expression level of TSP-1 was increased in pioglitazone treated DM rats compared with other DM rats.	Pioglitazone	24-36	thrombospondin 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-125
17966456-7	2007	Our results showed that pioglitazone treatment can alleviate the pathological changes of DR and the expression level of TSP-1 was increased in pioglitazone treated DM rats compared with other DM rats.	Pioglitazone	143-155	thrombospondin 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-125
17966456-8	2007	Our study suggests pioglitazone may have a role on early stage of DR by increased TSP-1 expression.	Pioglitazone	19-31	thrombospondin 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-87
17559148-6	2007	Stopping pioglitazone was associated with subsequent elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase levels (from 34 +/- 13 to 70 +/- 39 IU/l), decrease in adiponectin (from 9.7 +/- 9.1 to 5.1 +/- 4.5 microg/ml), worsening insulin sensitivity (HOMA Index: from 2.9 +/- 1.8 to 5.5 +/- 5.4), and increase in total hepatic fat (from 30% +/- 32% to 71% +/- 33%) despite no change in average body weight compared to the end of treatment.	Pioglitazone	9-21	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	152-163
17477973-6	2007	Furthermore, administration of the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone prior to a predicted relapse prevents the expected development of symptoms in a dose-dependent fashion.	Pioglitazone	53-65	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	35-44
17599749-0	2007	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone reduces the development of cartilage lesions in an experimental dog model of osteoarthritis: in vivo protective effects mediated through the inhibition of key signaling and catabolic pathways.	Pioglitazone	61-73	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Canis lupus familiaris	4-52
17599749-2	2007	The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo effect of a PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, on the development of lesions in a canine model of OA, and to explore the influence of pioglitazone on the major signaling and metabolic pathways involved in OA pathophysiologic changes.	Pioglitazone	81-93	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Canis lupus familiaris	62-71
17599749-9	2007	In addition, pioglitazone significantly reduced the synthesis of the key OA mediators MMP-1, ADAMTS-5, and iNOS and, at the same time, inhibited the activation of the signaling pathways for MAPKs ERK-1/2, p38, and NF-kappaB.	Pioglitazone	13-25	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Canis lupus familiaris	86-91
17599749-9	2007	In addition, pioglitazone significantly reduced the synthesis of the key OA mediators MMP-1, ADAMTS-5, and iNOS and, at the same time, inhibited the activation of the signaling pathways for MAPKs ERK-1/2, p38, and NF-kappaB.	Pioglitazone	13-25	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5	Canis lupus familiaris	93-101
17599749-9	2007	In addition, pioglitazone significantly reduced the synthesis of the key OA mediators MMP-1, ADAMTS-5, and iNOS and, at the same time, inhibited the activation of the signaling pathways for MAPKs ERK-1/2, p38, and NF-kappaB.	Pioglitazone	13-25	nitric oxide synthase 2	Canis lupus familiaris	107-111
17599749-9	2007	In addition, pioglitazone significantly reduced the synthesis of the key OA mediators MMP-1, ADAMTS-5, and iNOS and, at the same time, inhibited the activation of the signaling pathways for MAPKs ERK-1/2, p38, and NF-kappaB.	Pioglitazone	13-25	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Canis lupus familiaris	196-203
17526810-0	2007	Pioglitazone rapidly increases serum adiponectin levels in men with normal glucose tolerance.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	37-48
17594391-5	2007	Pioglitazone is a potent and selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist that improves whole-body insulin sensitivity and augments hepatic glucose uptake.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	39-87
17594391-5	2007	Pioglitazone is a potent and selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist that improves whole-body insulin sensitivity and augments hepatic glucose uptake.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	121-128
17374711-8	2007	Pioglitazone stimulated expression of PPAR-gamma, insulin receptor alpha- and beta-subunits, and IRS-1 up to 222% (P &lt; 0.01), 362% (P &lt; 0.001), 402% (P &lt; 0.029), and 492% (P &lt; 0.03), respectively.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	38-48
17374711-8	2007	Pioglitazone stimulated expression of PPAR-gamma, insulin receptor alpha- and beta-subunits, and IRS-1 up to 222% (P &lt; 0.01), 362% (P &lt; 0.001), 402% (P &lt; 0.029), and 492% (P &lt; 0.03), respectively.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	50-102
17374711-10	2007	In purified granulosa cell culture, rosiglitazone stimulated expression of StAR protein up to 540% (P &lt; 0.007), and pioglitazone stimulated expression of StAR protein up to 670% (P &lt; 0.007).	Pioglitazone	119-131	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	157-161
17593822-3	2007	The rate of QBC939 cell growth inhibition was detected by MTT, and the influence of PGZ on the expression of MMP-7 mRNA and TIMP-1 mRNA was measured by using FQ-PCR.	Pioglitazone	84-87	matrix metallopeptidase 7	Homo sapiens	109-114
17213476-6	2007	This duration of pioglitazone improved insulin"s suppression of glucose production by 41% and enhanced stimulation of glucose uptake by 27% in concert with increased gene expression and plasma levels of adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	17-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	39-46
17213476-6	2007	This duration of pioglitazone improved insulin"s suppression of glucose production by 41% and enhanced stimulation of glucose uptake by 27% in concert with increased gene expression and plasma levels of adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	17-29	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	203-214
17719655-3	2007	The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone reduces transendothelial migration of encephalitogenic T cells across TNFalpha-stimulated brain EC.	Pioglitazone	22-34	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-13
17719655-3	2007	The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone reduces transendothelial migration of encephalitogenic T cells across TNFalpha-stimulated brain EC.	Pioglitazone	22-34	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	105-113
17592505-5	2007	KEY RESULTS: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activators inhibited the metabolism of the endocannabinoid anandamide in rat brain homogenates with an order of potency MCC-555 &gt; indomethacin approximately ciglitazone approximately 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) approximately pioglitazone &gt; rosiglitazone &gt; troglitazone.	Pioglitazone	303-315	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	13-61
17449904-0	2007	Suppression of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine-induced pancreatic carcinogenesis in hamsters by pioglitazone, a ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma.	Pioglitazone	95-107	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	121-169
17641441-12	2007	These results indicate that short-term low-dosage pioglitazone may improve vascular function via increasing adiponectin expression and decreasing low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	50-62	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	108-119
17618953-7	2007	The pioglitazone treatment significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased triglyceride levels and insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	4-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	126-133
17510194-0	2007	Pioglitazone reverses insulin resistance and impaired CCK-stimulated pancreatic secretion in eNOS(-/-) mice: therapy for exocrine pancreatic disorders?	Pioglitazone	0-12	cholecystokinin	Mus musculus	54-57
17510194-7	2007	In eNOS(-/-) mice, however, pioglitazone substantially increased the low CCK-8-stimulated protein output that is characteristic of these mutant mice (P &lt; 0.005).	Pioglitazone	28-40	cholecystokinin	Mus musculus	73-76
17510194-8	2007	Pioglitazone abolished the CCK-8-evoked hyperinsulinemia (P &lt; 0.005) and increased insulin sensitivity of eNOS(-/-) mice (P &lt; 0.05), the latter based on hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cholecystokinin	Mus musculus	27-30
17510194-11	2007	Insulin-sensitizing PPAR-gamma agonists such as pioglitazone may thus simultaneously correct endocrine and exocrine pancreatic disorders.	Pioglitazone	48-60	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	20-30
17211855-12	2007	CETP activity decreased after RGZ and increased after PGZ (-6.2 vs 4.2 p/mol/mL/min; p &lt; 0.002).	Pioglitazone	54-57	cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens	0-4
17211855-14	2007	The additional beneficial effect of PGZ on lipid metabolism may be related to its effects on insulin-independent VLDL production and CETP activity.	Pioglitazone	36-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	93-100
17211855-14	2007	The additional beneficial effect of PGZ on lipid metabolism may be related to its effects on insulin-independent VLDL production and CETP activity.	Pioglitazone	36-39	cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens	133-137
17587394-0	2007	Effect of pioglitazone in combination with insulin therapy on glycaemic control, insulin dose requirement and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes previously poorly controlled with combination therapy.	Pioglitazone	10-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-88
17587394-1	2007	AIM: The aim of this randomized placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of pioglitazone administered alone or in combination with metformin in reducing insulin dosage requirements for improved glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes previously poorly controlled with combination therapy.	Pioglitazone	100-112	insulin	Homo sapiens	177-184
17587394-4	2007	RESULTS: Pioglitazone significantly reduced (p &lt; 0.05) insulin dose requirements 2 weeks after treatment initiation.	Pioglitazone	9-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
17587394-5	2007	At study end relative to baseline, pioglitazone reduced daily insulin dosages by 12.0 units (p &lt; 0.001), a 21.5% (12.0/55.8 units at baseline) group mean average reduction.	Pioglitazone	35-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	62-69
17587394-6	2007	Relative to placebo, pioglitazone reduced daily insulin dosages by 12.7 units [95% confidence interval [CI]: -17.5, -8.0], while improving mean HbA(1c) levels [adjusted mean HbA(1c) change: pioglitazone, -1.6% vs. placebo, -1.4% (not statistically different)].	Pioglitazone	21-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
17587394-9	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone in combination with insulin therapy improved glycaemic control, reduced insulin dose requirements and improved lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes previously poorly controlled with combination therapy.	Pioglitazone	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-105
17582756-0	2007	The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone inhibits early neoplastic occurrence in the rat liver.	Pioglitazone	22-34	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	4-13
17582756-4	2007	We evaluated the preventive effects of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, on the induction of early carcinogenic events.	Pioglitazone	39-51	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	55-103
17336978-0	2007	Pioglitazone reduces the adrenal androgen response to corticotropin-releasing factor without changes in ACTH release in hyperinsulinemic women with polycystic ovary syndrome.	Pioglitazone	0-12	corticotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	54-84
17511791-4	2007	In a large randomised, controlled, long-term cardiovascular outcomes study pioglitazone showed durable glycaemic control, a powerful insulin-sparing effect and changes in the lipid profile associated with reduced cardiovascular risk.	Pioglitazone	75-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	133-140
17595259-0	2007	Retinol binding protein 4 expression in humans: relationship to insulin resistance, inflammation, and response to pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	114-126	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-25
17595259-11	2007	Treatment of IGT subjects with pioglitazone resulted in an increase in S(I) and an increase in RBP4 gene expression in both adipose tissue and muscle, but not in plasma RBP4 level, and the in vitro treatment of cultured adipocytes with pioglitazone yielded a similar increase in RBP4 mRNA.	Pioglitazone	31-43	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	95-99
17595259-13	2007	The increase in RBP4 mRNA after pioglitazone treatment is unusual, suggesting a complex regulation of this novel adipokine.	Pioglitazone	32-44	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	16-20
17592024-4	2007	A PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone significantly reduced BMP-induced DNA synthesis by Lbeta T2; whereas the PPARalpha agonist, fenofibric acid, did not.	Pioglitazone	21-33	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	2-11
17467111-0	2007	Pioglitazone: the beginning of a new era for NASH?	Pioglitazone	0-12	SAM domain, SH3 domain and nuclear localization signals 1	Homo sapiens	45-49
17442272-7	2007	Addition of the thiazolidinedione, pioglitazone, was found to antagonize the effect of TNFalpha on the Wnt-signaling process and, consequently, promote adipogenesis.	Pioglitazone	35-47	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	87-95
17823625-8	2007	The patients with hyperinsulinemia receiving only pioglitazone showed a significant decrease in insulin levels compared with those with normal insulin levels.	Pioglitazone	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	23-30
17823625-8	2007	The patients with hyperinsulinemia receiving only pioglitazone showed a significant decrease in insulin levels compared with those with normal insulin levels.	Pioglitazone	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	96-103
17823625-11	2007	Pioglitazone was also found to increase significantly the apo A1 levels in patients with hyperinsulinemia, but there was no significant increase in patients given both atorvastatin and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	0-12	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	58-64
17639046-1	2007	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is a member of the nuclear hormone superfamily and has multiple endogenous and pharmacological ligands, including 15-deoxy-Delta (12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) and two thiazolidinediones (TZD), rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, which are used clinically to treat type-2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	269-281	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-48
17639046-1	2007	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is a member of the nuclear hormone superfamily and has multiple endogenous and pharmacological ligands, including 15-deoxy-Delta (12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) and two thiazolidinediones (TZD), rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, which are used clinically to treat type-2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	269-281	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	50-59
17433295-0	2007	The PPAR gamma agonist Pioglitazone improves anatomical and locomotor recovery after rodent spinal cord injury.	Pioglitazone	23-35	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
17433295-3	2007	Therefore, we examined the efficacy of the PPARgamma agonist Pioglitazone in a rodent SCI model.	Pioglitazone	61-73	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	43-52
17538229-2	2007	The administration of pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, to Zucker obese rats greatly improved their insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	22-34	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	38-47
17457378-6	2007	Pioglitazone, a pharmacologic agonist of PPAR-gamma, increased both PPAR-gamma mRNA and activity in injured podocytes, as assessed by a reporter plasmid assay.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	41-51
17457378-6	2007	Pioglitazone, a pharmacologic agonist of PPAR-gamma, increased both PPAR-gamma mRNA and activity in injured podocytes, as assessed by a reporter plasmid assay.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	68-78
17457378-9	2007	Pioglitazone tended to decrease PAN-induced transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) mRNA expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	77-85
17412838-0	2007	Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone decrease prostaglandin E2 in non-small-cell lung cancer cells by up-regulating 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase.	Pioglitazone	0-12	carbonyl reductase 1	Homo sapiens	110-147
17551074-12	2007	15d-PGJ2 and pioglitazone downregulated MMP-7 expression and upregulated TIMP-1 expression.	Pioglitazone	13-25	matrix metallopeptidase 7	Homo sapiens	40-45
17551074-12	2007	15d-PGJ2 and pioglitazone downregulated MMP-7 expression and upregulated TIMP-1 expression.	Pioglitazone	13-25	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	73-79
17593822-0	2007	[Effect of ligand pioglitazone activating PPAR-gamma on the invasiveness of cholangiocarcinoma cell in vitro and the expression regulation of related genes].	Pioglitazone	18-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	42-52
17593822-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect and mechanism of ligand pioglitazone (PGZ) activating PPAR-gamma on the invasiveness of cholangiocarcinoma cell in vitro.	Pioglitazone	57-69	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	87-97
17593822-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect and mechanism of ligand pioglitazone (PGZ) activating PPAR-gamma on the invasiveness of cholangiocarcinoma cell in vitro.	Pioglitazone	71-74	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	87-97
17549301-5	2007	Treatment with pioglitazone for 72 hours increased the number of EPC-CFUs, DiI-ac-LDL(+)/lectin(+), CD31(+) and KDR(+) EPCs at 1 microM but not at 10 microM.	Pioglitazone	15-27	platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	100-104
17549301-5	2007	Treatment with pioglitazone for 72 hours increased the number of EPC-CFUs, DiI-ac-LDL(+)/lectin(+), CD31(+) and KDR(+) EPCs at 1 microM but not at 10 microM.	Pioglitazone	15-27	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	112-115
17549301-7	2007	Indeed, pioglitazone increased EPC adhesion in flow at 1 microM, an effect prevented by PPAR-gamma and beta2-integrin blockade.	Pioglitazone	8-20	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	88-98
17549301-7	2007	Indeed, pioglitazone increased EPC adhesion in flow at 1 microM, an effect prevented by PPAR-gamma and beta2-integrin blockade.	Pioglitazone	8-20	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	103-108
17549301-9	2007	As determined by ELISA, pioglitazone induced a persistent increase in TGF-beta1 secretion only at 10 microM when a significantly elevated expression of endoglin, the accessory receptor for TGF-beta1, was also observed.	Pioglitazone	24-36	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	70-79
17549301-9	2007	As determined by ELISA, pioglitazone induced a persistent increase in TGF-beta1 secretion only at 10 microM when a significantly elevated expression of endoglin, the accessory receptor for TGF-beta1, was also observed.	Pioglitazone	24-36	endoglin	Homo sapiens	152-160
17549301-9	2007	As determined by ELISA, pioglitazone induced a persistent increase in TGF-beta1 secretion only at 10 microM when a significantly elevated expression of endoglin, the accessory receptor for TGF-beta1, was also observed.	Pioglitazone	24-36	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	189-198
17549301-10	2007	Taken together, pioglitazone exerts biphasic effects on the function of isolated EPCs, causing a PPAR-gamma-dependent stimulation at 1 microM and a TGF-beta1-mediated suppression at 10 microM.	Pioglitazone	16-28	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	97-107
17549301-10	2007	Taken together, pioglitazone exerts biphasic effects on the function of isolated EPCs, causing a PPAR-gamma-dependent stimulation at 1 microM and a TGF-beta1-mediated suppression at 10 microM.	Pioglitazone	16-28	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	148-157
16860414-5	2007	Both known PPARalpha agonist clofibrate and gamma agonist pioglitazone potently and specifically inhibited EMMPRIN expression in macrophages and foam cells.	Pioglitazone	58-70	basigin (Ok blood group)	Homo sapiens	107-114
17492134-8	2007	Clofibrate and pioglitazone could antagonize the hcy effect on iNOS expression through DNA methylation, resulting in attenuation of iNOS transcription.	Pioglitazone	15-27	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	63-67
17492134-8	2007	Clofibrate and pioglitazone could antagonize the hcy effect on iNOS expression through DNA methylation, resulting in attenuation of iNOS transcription.	Pioglitazone	15-27	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	132-136
17489075-5	2007	Pioglitazone decreased TNF-alpha and IL-1B mRNA expression, blunted aortic wall calcification and prevented fragmentation of elastic fibers.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	23-32
17489075-5	2007	Pioglitazone decreased TNF-alpha and IL-1B mRNA expression, blunted aortic wall calcification and prevented fragmentation of elastic fibers.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	37-42
17452150-6	2007	Pioglitazone treatment improved insulin resistance and decreased visceral fat accumulation without significant changes in plasma glucose levels, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c levels, and lipid profiles.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
16876172-0	2007	The PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone increases neoangiogenesis and prevents apoptosis of endothelial progenitor cells.	Pioglitazone	23-35	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-14
17390024-9	2007	Four other thiazolidinedione compounds (ciglitazone, pioglitazone, troglitazone, and MCC555) also significantly reduced CXCR4 expression.	Pioglitazone	53-65	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	120-125
16901490-0	2007	Pioglitazone inhibits connective tissue growth factor expression in advanced atherosclerotic plaques in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cellular communication network factor 2	Mus musculus	22-53
16901490-0	2007	Pioglitazone inhibits connective tissue growth factor expression in advanced atherosclerotic plaques in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	104-136
16901490-8	2007	Results showed that CTGF expression was increased in mice fed the high-fat diet by seven-fold as compared to that in mice fed normal chow, but the treatment with pioglitazone significantly inhibited the high-fat diet-induced CTGF expression.	Pioglitazone	162-174	cellular communication network factor 2	Mus musculus	225-229
16901490-10	2007	Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot showed that pioglitazone inhibited TGF-beta-stimulated CTGF expression.	Pioglitazone	56-68	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	79-87
16901490-10	2007	Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot showed that pioglitazone inhibited TGF-beta-stimulated CTGF expression.	Pioglitazone	56-68	cellular communication network factor 2	Mus musculus	99-103
16901490-11	2007	In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated that pioglitazone inhibits CTGF expression in mouse advanced atherosclerotic plaques and in cultured human SMCs, and hence unveiled a possible mechanism potentially involved in the inhibition of atherosclerosis by TZD.	Pioglitazone	55-67	cellular communication network factor 2	Mus musculus	77-81
17208021-0	2007	Synergistic effects of pravastatin and pioglitazone in renal tubular epithelial cells induced by transforming growth factor-beta1.	Pioglitazone	39-51	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	97-129
17208021-3	2007	Our present study revealed that there were synergistic effects of pravastatin and pioglitazone in the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibronectin (FN), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and collagen 1 in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells induced by transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1).	Pioglitazone	82-94	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	155-186
17208021-3	2007	Our present study revealed that there were synergistic effects of pravastatin and pioglitazone in the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibronectin (FN), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and collagen 1 in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells induced by transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1).	Pioglitazone	82-94	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	188-192
17208021-3	2007	Our present study revealed that there were synergistic effects of pravastatin and pioglitazone in the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibronectin (FN), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and collagen 1 in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells induced by transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1).	Pioglitazone	82-94	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	195-206
17208021-3	2007	Our present study revealed that there were synergistic effects of pravastatin and pioglitazone in the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibronectin (FN), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and collagen 1 in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells induced by transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1).	Pioglitazone	82-94	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	208-210
17208021-3	2007	Our present study revealed that there were synergistic effects of pravastatin and pioglitazone in the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibronectin (FN), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and collagen 1 in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells induced by transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1).	Pioglitazone	82-94	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	213-246
17208021-3	2007	Our present study revealed that there were synergistic effects of pravastatin and pioglitazone in the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibronectin (FN), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and collagen 1 in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells induced by transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1).	Pioglitazone	82-94	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	330-363
17208021-3	2007	Our present study revealed that there were synergistic effects of pravastatin and pioglitazone in the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibronectin (FN), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and collagen 1 in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells induced by transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1).	Pioglitazone	82-94	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	365-374
30743802-2	2007	While glimepiride stimulates beta-cell secretion and leads to a reduction of blood glucose levels, pioglitazone activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and improves insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	99-111	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	122-170
30743802-2	2007	While glimepiride stimulates beta-cell secretion and leads to a reduction of blood glucose levels, pioglitazone activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and improves insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	99-111	insulin	Homo sapiens	184-191
17461928-8	2007	Pioglitazone lowered postprandial levels of FVII:Ag, FVII:C, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, VWF, and triglycerides, and increased high-density lipoproteins (+9%, P = 0.02).	Pioglitazone	0-12	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	96-99
17267584-0	2007	Pioglitazone induces apoptosis in human vascular smooth muscle cells from diabetic patients involving the transforming growth factor-beta/activin receptor-like kinase-4/5/7/Smad2 signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	0-12	SMAD family member 2	Homo sapiens	173-178
17267584-6	2007	Pioglitazone (100 microM) induced apoptosis in human VSMC from diabetic and nondiabetic patients (NDP), analyzed by DNA fragmentation and by degradation of Bcl-2, in high-glucose-containing medium (15 and 25 mM).	Pioglitazone	0-12	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	156-161
17267584-8	2007	Pioglitazone rapidly increased the extracellular TGF-beta1 levels and concomitantly induced phosphorylation of Smad2 in VSMC from DP and NDP.	Pioglitazone	0-12	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	49-58
17267584-8	2007	Pioglitazone rapidly increased the extracellular TGF-beta1 levels and concomitantly induced phosphorylation of Smad2 in VSMC from DP and NDP.	Pioglitazone	0-12	SMAD family member 2	Homo sapiens	111-116
17190910-7	2007	Pioglitazone reduced urinary albumin excretion and glomerular hypertrophy, suppressed the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, type IV collagen, and ICAM-1, and infiltration of macrophages in the kidneys of diabetic rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	165-171
17343847-0	2007	Antinociceptive and antiedematogenic activities of fenofibrate, an agonist of PPAR alpha, and pioglitazone, an agonist of PPAR gamma.	Pioglitazone	94-106	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	122-132
17343847-13	2007	The results represent the first demonstration of the antinociceptive and antiedematogenic activities of fenofibrate and pioglitazone and give further support to the potential use of PPAR agonists in the treatment of different inflammatory diseases.	Pioglitazone	120-132	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	182-186
17416424-5	2007	Together with the recent observation that the PPAR-gamma ligand pioglitazone reduces the incidence of stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes, this review supports the concept that activators of PPAR-gamma are effective drugs against ischemic injury.	Pioglitazone	64-76	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	46-56
17416424-5	2007	Together with the recent observation that the PPAR-gamma ligand pioglitazone reduces the incidence of stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes, this review supports the concept that activators of PPAR-gamma are effective drugs against ischemic injury.	Pioglitazone	64-76	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	195-205
17461531-7	2007	However, there was a significant reduction in both the glomerular VEGF expression and the VEGF mRNA levels after treatment with pioglitazone and rosiglitazone.	Pioglitazone	128-140	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	66-70
17461531-7	2007	However, there was a significant reduction in both the glomerular VEGF expression and the VEGF mRNA levels after treatment with pioglitazone and rosiglitazone.	Pioglitazone	128-140	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	90-94
17461502-1	2007	AIM: To determine the effect of pioglitazone, a specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) ligand, on development of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the pancreas.	Pioglitazone	32-44	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	57-105
17461502-1	2007	AIM: To determine the effect of pioglitazone, a specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) ligand, on development of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the pancreas.	Pioglitazone	32-44	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	107-116
17461502-14	2007	The expression of NF-kappaB and ICAM-1 in sham group was lower than that in SAP group and pioglitazone group (0.50 +/- 0.55 vs 33 +/- 1.21, P &lt; 0.01).	Pioglitazone	90-102	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-38
17461502-15	2007	There was a significant difference in the expression of NF-kappaB and ICAM-1 between SAP group and pioglitazone group (7.50 +/- 1.05 vs 11.33 +/- 1.75, 0.80 +/- 0.53 vs 1.36 +/- 0.54, P &lt; 0.01 or P &lt; 0.05) at 12 h after the induction of pancreatitis.	Pioglitazone	99-111	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-76
17461502-17	2007	The beneficial effect of pioglitazone is multifactorial due to its anti-inflammatory activities, most likely through the inhibition of ICAM-1 expression and NF-kappaB activation.	Pioglitazone	25-37	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	135-141
17190910-13	2007	Our results suggest that the preventive effects of pioglitazone may be mediated by its anti-inflammatory actions, including inhibition of NF-kappaB activation, ICAM-1 expression, and macrophage infiltration in the diabetic kidney.	Pioglitazone	51-63	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	160-166
17007957-15	2007	This result was supported by the effects of the insulin sensitizer, pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	68-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
17349927-1	2007	The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of chronic treatment with pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, on the impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation seen in aortas from established streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, and to identify some of the molecular mechanisms involved.	Pioglitazone	85-97	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	101-149
17251278-0	2007	Overexpression of GLUT5 in diabetic muscle is reversed by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	58-70	solute carrier family 2 member 5	Homo sapiens	18-23
17251278-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to quantify the expression of muscle GLUT in type 2 diabetes and to determine if treatment with an insulin-enhancing thiazolidenedione drug, pioglitazone, would alter its expression.	Pioglitazone	178-190	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	74-78
17251278-9	2007	Pioglitazone treatment decreased muscle GLUT5 mRNA and protein by 52 and 40%, respectively, whereas placebo did not alter GLUT5 expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	solute carrier family 2 member 5	Homo sapiens	40-45
17251278-10	2007	Both red and white fibers had higher GLUT5 expression in the baseline diabetic muscle samples, and a pioglitazone-related decrease in GLUT5 protein also occurred in both.	Pioglitazone	101-113	solute carrier family 2 member 5	Homo sapiens	134-139
17349927-5	2007	Collectively, these results suggest that pioglitazone treatment improves endothelium-dependent relaxation by reducing oxidative stress via increased SOD activity, decreased NAD(P)H oxidase activity, and a decreased ET-1 level, and that this decreased ET-1 level may be attributable to an inhibition of the AP-1 signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	41-53	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	215-219
17349927-5	2007	Collectively, these results suggest that pioglitazone treatment improves endothelium-dependent relaxation by reducing oxidative stress via increased SOD activity, decreased NAD(P)H oxidase activity, and a decreased ET-1 level, and that this decreased ET-1 level may be attributable to an inhibition of the AP-1 signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	41-53	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	251-255
17349927-5	2007	Collectively, these results suggest that pioglitazone treatment improves endothelium-dependent relaxation by reducing oxidative stress via increased SOD activity, decreased NAD(P)H oxidase activity, and a decreased ET-1 level, and that this decreased ET-1 level may be attributable to an inhibition of the AP-1 signaling pathway.	Pioglitazone	41-53	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	306-310
17394430-0	2007	Response to pioglitazone treatment is associated with the lipoprotein lipase S447X variant in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	12-24	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	58-76
17394430-1	2007	To investigate the influence of the S447X variant in lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene on the response rate to therapy with the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	142-154	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	53-71
17394430-1	2007	To investigate the influence of the S447X variant in lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene on the response rate to therapy with the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	142-154	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	73-76
17394430-8	2007	The S447X variant in LPL gene may be a cause for therapy modification by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	73-85	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	21-24
17485893-5	2007	Pioglitazone hydrochloride reduced fasting serum insulin levels, with low fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycohemoglobin levels, compared to the baseline, suggesting an improvement of insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	0-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
17485893-5	2007	Pioglitazone hydrochloride reduced fasting serum insulin levels, with low fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycohemoglobin levels, compared to the baseline, suggesting an improvement of insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	0-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	186-193
17485893-8	2007	Pioglitazone hydrochloride improved dyslipidemia related to insulin resistance, whereas glibenclamide enhanced insulin secretion, with only a minor effect on lipid control, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	60-67
17556865-13	2007	CR P was also more reduced in the pioglitazone group at 20 weeks of treatment (p&lt;0.05).	Pioglitazone	34-46	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	0-4
17379017-2	2007	We tested the hypothesis that pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, further reduces vascular inflammation in patients receiving angiotensin II receptor blockers.	Pioglitazone	30-42	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	46-94
17379017-4	2007	Pioglitazone, but not voglibose, reduced CRP levels within 1 month (-51%+/-7%, mean+/-SEM; P&lt;.001).	Pioglitazone	0-12	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	41-44
17255125-7	2007	PPAR-gamma"s activation with 15d-PGJ2 or pioglitazone reduced basal and TNF-alpha-stimulated MCP-1 expression at mRNA and protein levels at 24 h under normoxia.	Pioglitazone	41-53	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-10
17255125-7	2007	PPAR-gamma"s activation with 15d-PGJ2 or pioglitazone reduced basal and TNF-alpha-stimulated MCP-1 expression at mRNA and protein levels at 24 h under normoxia.	Pioglitazone	41-53	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	72-81
17255125-7	2007	PPAR-gamma"s activation with 15d-PGJ2 or pioglitazone reduced basal and TNF-alpha-stimulated MCP-1 expression at mRNA and protein levels at 24 h under normoxia.	Pioglitazone	41-53	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	93-98
17255125-8	2007	MCP-1 reduction rates at basal mRNA and protein levels were slightly but significantly lower during hypoxia than normoxia (9 vs 69% and 36 vs 42%, respectively, for 15d-PGJ2, and 0 vs 34% and 12 vs 21%, respectively, for pioglitazone).	Pioglitazone	221-233	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
17255125-9	2007	Finally, a specific inhibitor for PPAR-gamma, GW9662, weakened the MCP-1-decreasing effect of 15d-PGJ2 by about 30%, under basal conditions, while it abolished the effect of pioglitazone almost completely.	Pioglitazone	174-186	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	34-44
17306503-0	2007	Pioglitazone improves insulin action and normalizes menstrual cycles in a majority of prenatally androgenized female rhesus monkeys.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Macaca mulatta	22-29
17376863-2	2007	Pioglitazone, a member of the TZD family, has been shown to bind specifically to a protein named mitoNEET [Colca JR, McDonald WG, Waldon DJ, Leone JW, Lull JM, Bannow CA, Lund ET, Mathews WR (2004) Am J Physiol 286:E252-E260].	Pioglitazone	0-12	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Mus musculus	97-105
17065204-0	2007	Troglitazone and pioglitazone interactions via PPAR-gamma-independent and -dependent pathways in regulating physiological responses in renal tubule-derived cell lines.	Pioglitazone	17-29	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	47-57
17378999-15	2007	Pioglitazone therapy for 12 weeks did not affect the plasma visfatin concentration significantly in all diabetic patients, but a significant elevation in visfatin was obtained in women only.	Pioglitazone	0-12	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	154-162
17065204-1	2007	Troglitazone (Tro) and pioglitazone (Pio) activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma and PPAR-gamma-independent pathways was studied in cell lines derived from porcine renal tubules.	Pioglitazone	23-35	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	56-111
17065204-1	2007	Troglitazone (Tro) and pioglitazone (Pio) activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma and PPAR-gamma-independent pathways was studied in cell lines derived from porcine renal tubules.	Pioglitazone	23-35	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	116-126
17065204-1	2007	Troglitazone (Tro) and pioglitazone (Pio) activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma and PPAR-gamma-independent pathways was studied in cell lines derived from porcine renal tubules.	Pioglitazone	37-40	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	56-111
17065204-1	2007	Troglitazone (Tro) and pioglitazone (Pio) activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma and PPAR-gamma-independent pathways was studied in cell lines derived from porcine renal tubules.	Pioglitazone	37-40	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	116-126
17106061-8	2007	Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone similarly improved FPG, mean plasma glucose during OGTT, Hb A1c, and insulin-mediated total body glucose disposal (Rd) and decreased mean plasma FFA during OGTT (all P&lt;0.01, ANOVA).	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	100-107
17327450-0	2007	Effects of pioglitazone on suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 expression: potential mechanisms for its effects on insulin sensitivity and adiponectin expression.	Pioglitazone	11-23	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	138-149
17327450-1	2007	Pioglitazone is widely used for the treatment of diabetic patients with insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	72-79
17327450-2	2007	The mechanism of pioglitazone to improve insulin sensitivity is not fully understood.	Pioglitazone	17-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	41-48
17327450-4	2007	Here, we examined whether the insulin-sensitizing effect of pioglitazone affects the SOCS induction.	Pioglitazone	60-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	30-37
17327450-5	2007	In db/db mice and high-fat-fed mice, expression of SOCS3 mRNA in fat tissue was increased compared with that in lean control mice, and pioglitazone suppressed SOCS3 levels.	Pioglitazone	135-147	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Mus musculus	159-164
17327450-6	2007	In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, mediators of insulin resistance such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6, growth hormone, and insulin increased SOCS3 expression, which was partially inhibited by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	207-219	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
17327450-6	2007	In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, mediators of insulin resistance such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6, growth hormone, and insulin increased SOCS3 expression, which was partially inhibited by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	207-219	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	62-89
17327450-6	2007	In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, mediators of insulin resistance such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6, growth hormone, and insulin increased SOCS3 expression, which was partially inhibited by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	207-219	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	91-100
17327450-6	2007	In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, mediators of insulin resistance such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6, growth hormone, and insulin increased SOCS3 expression, which was partially inhibited by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	207-219	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	103-116
17327450-6	2007	In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, mediators of insulin resistance such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6, growth hormone, and insulin increased SOCS3 expression, which was partially inhibited by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	207-219	growth hormone	Mus musculus	118-132
17327450-6	2007	In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, mediators of insulin resistance such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6, growth hormone, and insulin increased SOCS3 expression, which was partially inhibited by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	207-219	insulin	Homo sapiens	138-145
17327450-6	2007	In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, mediators of insulin resistance such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6, growth hormone, and insulin increased SOCS3 expression, which was partially inhibited by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	207-219	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Mus musculus	156-161
17327450-7	2007	The ability of pioglitazone to suppress SOCS3 induction by TNF-alpha was greatly augmented by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma overexpression.	Pioglitazone	15-27	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Mus musculus	40-45
17327450-7	2007	The ability of pioglitazone to suppress SOCS3 induction by TNF-alpha was greatly augmented by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma overexpression.	Pioglitazone	15-27	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	59-68
17327450-7	2007	The ability of pioglitazone to suppress SOCS3 induction by TNF-alpha was greatly augmented by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma overexpression.	Pioglitazone	15-27	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	94-142
17327450-9	2007	Conversely, pioglitazone increased adiponectin secretion and STAT3 phosphorylation in fat tissue of db/db mice and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	12-24	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	35-46
17327450-9	2007	Conversely, pioglitazone increased adiponectin secretion and STAT3 phosphorylation in fat tissue of db/db mice and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	12-24	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	61-66
17327450-10	2007	These results suggest that pioglitazone exerts its effect to improve whole-body insulin sensitivity in part through the suppression of SOCS3, which is associated with the increase in STAT3 phosphorylation and adiponectin production in fat tissue.	Pioglitazone	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	80-87
17327450-10	2007	These results suggest that pioglitazone exerts its effect to improve whole-body insulin sensitivity in part through the suppression of SOCS3, which is associated with the increase in STAT3 phosphorylation and adiponectin production in fat tissue.	Pioglitazone	27-39	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Mus musculus	135-140
17327450-10	2007	These results suggest that pioglitazone exerts its effect to improve whole-body insulin sensitivity in part through the suppression of SOCS3, which is associated with the increase in STAT3 phosphorylation and adiponectin production in fat tissue.	Pioglitazone	27-39	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	183-188
17327450-10	2007	These results suggest that pioglitazone exerts its effect to improve whole-body insulin sensitivity in part through the suppression of SOCS3, which is associated with the increase in STAT3 phosphorylation and adiponectin production in fat tissue.	Pioglitazone	27-39	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	209-220
17469042-4	2007	Using real time RT-PCR with relative quantitation, we investigated whether pioglitazone treatment altered clock gene expression in RNA extracted from peripheral white blood cells (PBCs).	Pioglitazone	75-87	clock circadian regulator	Homo sapiens	106-111
17490928-12	2007	In study subjects with type 2 diabetes, e-selectin concentrations declined significantly with pioglitazone therapy, whereas ICAM-1 concentrations decreased significantly with glipizide therapy.	Pioglitazone	94-106	selectin E	Homo sapiens	40-50
17254027-4	2007	We tested the hypothesis that celecoxib (Celebrex, COX-2 inhibitor) or pioglitazone (Actos, PPAR-gamma agonist) will reduce the LPS-induced inflammatory response, spare mitochondrial bioenergetics, and improve nigral dopaminergic neuronal survival.	Pioglitazone	71-83	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
17167171-8	2007	At 6 h after SCI, the pioglitazone group showed significantly less induction of inflammatory genes [interleukin (IL)-6 by 83%, IL-1beta by 87%, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 by 75%, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 by 84%, and early growth response-1 by 67%] compared with the vehicle group (p &lt; 0.05 in all cases).	Pioglitazone	22-34	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	127-135
17167171-8	2007	At 6 h after SCI, the pioglitazone group showed significantly less induction of inflammatory genes [interleukin (IL)-6 by 83%, IL-1beta by 87%, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 by 75%, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 by 84%, and early growth response-1 by 67%] compared with the vehicle group (p &lt; 0.05 in all cases).	Pioglitazone	22-34	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	144-178
17167171-10	2007	Pretreatment with a PPARgamma antagonist, 2-chloro-5-nitro-N-phenyl-benzamide (GW9662), prevented the neuroprotection induced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	129-141	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	20-29
17141574-0	2007	Long-term effects of a PPAR-gamma agonist, pioglitazone, on neointimal hyperplasia and endothelial regrowth in insulin resistant rats.	Pioglitazone	43-55	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
17327450-0	2007	Effects of pioglitazone on suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 expression: potential mechanisms for its effects on insulin sensitivity and adiponectin expression.	Pioglitazone	11-23	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Mus musculus	27-61
17327450-0	2007	Effects of pioglitazone on suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 expression: potential mechanisms for its effects on insulin sensitivity and adiponectin expression.	Pioglitazone	11-23	insulin	Homo sapiens	114-121
17379017-5	2007	C-reactive protein levels were decreased after 6 months of treatment with either pioglitazone or voglibose, with the former being more effective (-57%+/-8% vs -9%+/-18%; P&lt;.05).	Pioglitazone	81-93	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	0-18
17379017-6	2007	The levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were significantly reduced after 1 month of pioglitazone therapy (-9%+/-3% and -8%+/-3%, respectively; both P&lt;.05), with the beneficial effects persisting throughout the study period.	Pioglitazone	76-88	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	14-20
17379017-6	2007	The levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were significantly reduced after 1 month of pioglitazone therapy (-9%+/-3% and -8%+/-3%, respectively; both P&lt;.05), with the beneficial effects persisting throughout the study period.	Pioglitazone	76-88	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	25-31
17138841-0	2007	Pioglitazone inhibits androgen production in NCI-H295R cells by regulating gene expression of CYP17 and HSD3B2.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	94-99
17138841-0	2007	Pioglitazone inhibits androgen production in NCI-H295R cells by regulating gene expression of CYP17 and HSD3B2.	Pioglitazone	0-12	hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 2	Homo sapiens	104-110
17138841-6	2007	Pioglitazone but not rosiglitazone inhibited the expression of the CYP17 and HSD3B2 genes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	67-72
17138841-6	2007	Pioglitazone but not rosiglitazone inhibited the expression of the CYP17 and HSD3B2 genes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 2	Homo sapiens	77-83
17138841-7	2007	Likewise, pioglitazone repressed basal and 8-bromo-cAMP-stimulated activities of CYP17 and HSD3B2 promoter reporters in NCI-H295R cells.	Pioglitazone	10-22	cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	81-86
17138841-7	2007	Likewise, pioglitazone repressed basal and 8-bromo-cAMP-stimulated activities of CYP17 and HSD3B2 promoter reporters in NCI-H295R cells.	Pioglitazone	10-22	hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 2	Homo sapiens	91-97
17138841-11	2007	This effect was reversed by pioglitazone treatment, indicating that the MEK/ERK signaling pathway plays a role in regulating androgen biosynthesis by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	28-40	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	72-75
17138841-11	2007	This effect was reversed by pioglitazone treatment, indicating that the MEK/ERK signaling pathway plays a role in regulating androgen biosynthesis by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	150-162	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	72-75
17141574-2	2007	PPAR-gamma agonists like pioglitazone decrease insulin resistance and have been shown to reduce neointimal hyperplasia in the short-term.	Pioglitazone	25-37	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
17259517-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) are a class of antidiabetes agents that have a high affinity for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma.	Pioglitazone	56-68	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	135-183
18220657-1	2007	The thiazolidinediones (TZDs) rosiglitazone (ROS) and pioglitazone (PIO) are insulin-sensitising agents widely used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Pioglitazone	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
18220657-1	2007	The thiazolidinediones (TZDs) rosiglitazone (ROS) and pioglitazone (PIO) are insulin-sensitising agents widely used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Pioglitazone	68-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
17407709-0	2007	[Effects of pioglitazone on the morphology and the expression of connective tissue growth factor of transforming growth factor beta-induced rat hepatic stellate cells in vitro].	Pioglitazone	12-24	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	65-96
17407709-1	2007	OBJECTIVES: To observe the effects of pioglitazone on morphological changes and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF b)-induced rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro, and to investigate the anti-fibrotic mechanism of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	38-50	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	170-175
17407709-1	2007	OBJECTIVES: To observe the effects of pioglitazone on morphological changes and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF b)-induced rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro, and to investigate the anti-fibrotic mechanism of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	279-291	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	170-175
17407709-7	2007	Pioglitazone prevented the TGFb induced morphological changes of the HSCs.	Pioglitazone	0-12	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-31
17407709-8	2007	The expression of CTGF and the levels of collagen type III in the pioglitazone group were lower than the TGF b-treated group (P less than 0.05).	Pioglitazone	66-78	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	18-22
17407709-10	2007	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone blocks the excretion of CTGF and collagen type III of cultured HSCs, preventing the development of liver fibrosis.	Pioglitazone	12-24	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	49-53
17319946-6	2007	IL-1 induced binding of nuclear extract to the putative composite PPRE/AP-1 site was diminished in the presence of pioglitazone, but there was no evidence of any change in the composition of the retarded complexes, and no evidence of PPARgamma binding to this site.	Pioglitazone	115-127	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	0-4
17319946-6	2007	IL-1 induced binding of nuclear extract to the putative composite PPRE/AP-1 site was diminished in the presence of pioglitazone, but there was no evidence of any change in the composition of the retarded complexes, and no evidence of PPARgamma binding to this site.	Pioglitazone	115-127	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	71-75
17319946-9	2007	Activation of PPARgamma with pioglitazone not only failed to inhibit IL-1 induced expression of MMP-3 mRNA, but rather super-induced MMP-3 in the presence of IL-1.	Pioglitazone	29-41	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	14-23
17319946-9	2007	Activation of PPARgamma with pioglitazone not only failed to inhibit IL-1 induced expression of MMP-3 mRNA, but rather super-induced MMP-3 in the presence of IL-1.	Pioglitazone	29-41	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	133-138
17319946-13	2007	Super-induction of MMP-3 by pioglitazone may have important implications for patients using pioglitazone to treat type II diabetes in the presence of chronic inflammation.	Pioglitazone	28-40	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	19-24
17319946-13	2007	Super-induction of MMP-3 by pioglitazone may have important implications for patients using pioglitazone to treat type II diabetes in the presence of chronic inflammation.	Pioglitazone	92-104	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	19-24
17259945-6	2007	In mild-to-moderate T2D, pioglitazone monotherapy decreased fasting and post-prandial glycemia, principally via inhibition of gluconeogenesis, improved hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	175-182
17229249-7	2007	Significant total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A-I, and apolipoprotein B improvement was observed in pioglitazone group after 12 months, but not in the rosiglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	190-202	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	121-139
17229249-7	2007	Significant total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A-I, and apolipoprotein B improvement was observed in pioglitazone group after 12 months, but not in the rosiglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	190-202	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	145-161
17410715-13	2007	Pioglitazone induces metabolic and oxidative stresses that are tolerated by astrocytes but not glioma cells, which could account for selective vulnerability and increased sensitivity to IL-2, suggesting potential for the use of this Food and Drug Administration-approved drug in the treatment of brain tumors.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	186-190
17259076-6	2007	Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the effects of pioglitazone, a selective PPARgamma agonist, on the content of CER and its metabolites and on the activity of key enzymes of CER metabolism in the heart.	Pioglitazone	62-74	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	88-97
17082235-5	2007	The most active of these compounds, gliquidone, is shown to be as potent as pioglitazone at inducing PPARgamma target gene expression.	Pioglitazone	76-88	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	101-110
17259076-11	2007	In STD rats pioglitazone treatment increased the activity of neutral sphingomyelinase and acid ceramidase.	Pioglitazone	12-24	N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-105
17207275-4	2007	The TZD pioglitazone (Actos) is an FDA-approved PPARgamma agonist used to treat type 2 diabetes, with a good safety profile, currently being tested in clinical trials of other neurological diseases including AD and MS. We therefore tested the safety and therapeutic potential of oral pioglitazone in a small cohort of children with diagnosed autism.	Pioglitazone	8-20	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	48-57
17258089-8	2007	Rosiglitazone-blocked endotoxin induced sol-CXCL16 in mice (p = 0.001), and pioglitazone (n = 28), compared to placebo (n = 28), lowered plasma sol-CXCL16 in metabolic syndrome subjects (p &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	76-88	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16	Mus musculus	148-154
17239709-1	2007	OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to test the safety and efficacy of pioglitazone and simvastatin in combination versus each drug individually in non-diabetic subjects with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels.	Pioglitazone	77-89	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	240-258
17239709-1	2007	OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to test the safety and efficacy of pioglitazone and simvastatin in combination versus each drug individually in non-diabetic subjects with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels.	Pioglitazone	77-89	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	263-266
17239709-10	2007	At 12 weeks, pioglitazone and simvastatin monotherapies significantly reduced hs-CRP (3.64 +/- 2.42 mg/l to 2.48 +/- 1.77 mg/l and 3.26 +/- 2.02 mg/l to 2.81 +/- 2.11 mg/l) and the combination regimen had an additive effect (from 3.49 +/- 1.97 mg/l to 2.06 +/- 1.42 mg/l, p &lt; 0.001).	Pioglitazone	13-25	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	81-84
17239709-12	2007	Homeostasis model assessment decreased in those receiving pioglitazone, and the correlation between changes in HOMA and hs-CRP was significant (r = 0.43; p &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	58-70	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	123-126
17239709-13	2007	The PAI-1 decreased significantly in the pioglitazone groups only, and MMP-9 was also significantly lowered in the pioglitazone groups.	Pioglitazone	41-53	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
17239709-13	2007	The PAI-1 decreased significantly in the pioglitazone groups only, and MMP-9 was also significantly lowered in the pioglitazone groups.	Pioglitazone	115-127	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	71-76
17239709-15	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone, probably by reducing insulin resistance, has additive anti-inflammatory effects to simvastatin in non-diabetic subjects with CVD and high hs-CRP.	Pioglitazone	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
17239709-15	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone, probably by reducing insulin resistance, has additive anti-inflammatory effects to simvastatin in non-diabetic subjects with CVD and high hs-CRP.	Pioglitazone	13-25	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	168-171
17055343-3	2007	Both resveratrol and a PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, significantly inhibited EMMPRIN expression and MMP-9 activity in a concentration-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	42-54	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	23-32
17055343-3	2007	Both resveratrol and a PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, significantly inhibited EMMPRIN expression and MMP-9 activity in a concentration-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	42-54	basigin (Ok blood group)	Homo sapiens	80-87
17055343-3	2007	Both resveratrol and a PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, significantly inhibited EMMPRIN expression and MMP-9 activity in a concentration-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	42-54	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	103-108
17055343-4	2007	The effects of pioglitazone and resveratrol were reversed by pretreatment of THP-1 cells with a PPARgamma antagonist, GW9662, prior to PMA induction.	Pioglitazone	15-27	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	77-82
17055343-4	2007	The effects of pioglitazone and resveratrol were reversed by pretreatment of THP-1 cells with a PPARgamma antagonist, GW9662, prior to PMA induction.	Pioglitazone	15-27	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	96-105
17055343-6	2007	This possibility was further examined in resveratrol-or pioglitazone-treated U937 cells, which had been co-transfected with a PPARgamma expression vector and a luciferase reporter vector containing three tandem repeats of PPRE in cis.	Pioglitazone	56-68	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	126-135
17055343-8	2007	Since EMMPRIN and MMP-9 up-regulation is associated with activation of the NF-kappaB pathway, we investigated the effect of pioglitazone and resveratrol on TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation.	Pioglitazone	124-136	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	156-165
16968813-6	2007	In contrast to metformin, pioglitazone improved S(I), glucose tolerance, and insulin-independent glucose disposal [glucose effectiveness (S(G))].	Pioglitazone	26-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
16968813-8	2007	Insulin secretion in response to arginine at maximally potentiating glucose levels (AIR(max)) tended to increase after metformin and to decrease after pioglitazone; however, when adjusted for S(I), the changes were not significant.	Pioglitazone	151-163	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
17068283-0	2007	Pioglitazone inhibits in-stent restenosis in atherosclerotic rabbits by targeting transforming growth factor-beta and MCP-1.	Pioglitazone	0-12	C-C motif chemokine 2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	118-123
17068283-7	2007	Analysis of conditioned media revealed an 82% and 74% reduction in the release of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (P&lt;0.007) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 (P&lt;0.01), respectively, in stented segments from animals treated with 10 mg/kg per day pioglitazone versus placebo.	Pioglitazone	271-283	C-C motif chemokine 2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	82-116
17068283-7	2007	Analysis of conditioned media revealed an 82% and 74% reduction in the release of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (P&lt;0.007) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 (P&lt;0.01), respectively, in stented segments from animals treated with 10 mg/kg per day pioglitazone versus placebo.	Pioglitazone	271-283	C-C motif chemokine 2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	118-123
17077630-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, will improve endothelial function in non-diabetic subjects with coronary artery disease, we conducted a prospective study to evaluate the effect of this medication on the brachial artery vasomotor function and circulating markers of endothelial activation.	Pioglitazone	39-51	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	55-103
17948362-6	2007	Agents such as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone and the CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant improve insulin resistance as well as atherogenic dyslipidemia.	Pioglitazone	76-88	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	19-67
17948362-6	2007	Agents such as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone and the CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant improve insulin resistance as well as atherogenic dyslipidemia.	Pioglitazone	76-88	insulin	Homo sapiens	140-147
17201456-6	2007	CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 are the main isoenzymes catalysing biotransformation of pioglitazone (as with troglitazone), whereas rosiglitazone is metabolised by CYP2C9 and CYP2C8.	Pioglitazone	74-86	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	0-6
17460368-13	2007	In conclusion, pioglitazone was superior to metformin for the improvement of insulin resistance and adiponectin, and both drugs were equally effective in reducing vWF and aldosterone in subjects with IGT and early diabetes.	Pioglitazone	15-27	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	100-111
17201456-6	2007	CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 are the main isoenzymes catalysing biotransformation of pioglitazone (as with troglitazone), whereas rosiglitazone is metabolised by CYP2C9 and CYP2C8.	Pioglitazone	74-86	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	11-17
16781793-7	2007	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone administration during a period of 4 weeks decreased late and total insulin secretion phases, fasting insulin and 2h postload glucose levels, and improved insulin sensitivity in patients with both impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance.	Pioglitazone	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	92-99
16781793-7	2007	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone administration during a period of 4 weeks decreased late and total insulin secretion phases, fasting insulin and 2h postload glucose levels, and improved insulin sensitivity in patients with both impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance.	Pioglitazone	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	126-133
16806559-6	2007	When we examined effects of pioglitazone (15 mg/day) on serum adiponectin multimer and monomer concentrations using selective assays, the patient"s relative percentage increased in adiponectin concentration was almost same as that in the 18 diabetic patients without an adiponectin mutation, but the absolute adiponectin concentration was half of those seen in diabetic patients treated with the same pioglitazone dose who had no adiponectin mutation.	Pioglitazone	28-40	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	62-73
17460368-0	2007	Comparison of the effects of pioglitazone and metformin on insulin resistance and hormonal markers in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and early diabetes.	Pioglitazone	29-41	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
17460368-9	2007	Pioglitazone significantly reduced fasting glucose (p&lt;0.05), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p&lt;0.05) and metformin (p&lt;0.01) reduced cholesterol.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	100-107
17460368-11	2007	Plasma adiponectin was increased only by pioglitazone (p&lt;0.001).	Pioglitazone	41-53	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	7-18
17460368-13	2007	In conclusion, pioglitazone was superior to metformin for the improvement of insulin resistance and adiponectin, and both drugs were equally effective in reducing vWF and aldosterone in subjects with IGT and early diabetes.	Pioglitazone	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
17143554-7	2007	Primary HSCs from Balb/C mice were cultured with PPARgamma ligands Pioglitazone (PGZ) or 15-deoxy-Delta12,14 prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2).	Pioglitazone	67-79	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	49-58
17189061-0	2007	Administration of the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone during fractionated brain irradiation prevents radiation-induced cognitive impairment.	Pioglitazone	80-92	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	22-71
17189061-1	2007	PURPOSE: We hypothesized that administration of the anti-inflammatory peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (Pio) to adult male rats would inhibit radiation-induced cognitive impairment.	Pioglitazone	140-152	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	70-119
17189061-1	2007	PURPOSE: We hypothesized that administration of the anti-inflammatory peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (Pio) to adult male rats would inhibit radiation-induced cognitive impairment.	Pioglitazone	140-152	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	121-130
17189061-1	2007	PURPOSE: We hypothesized that administration of the anti-inflammatory peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (Pio) to adult male rats would inhibit radiation-induced cognitive impairment.	Pioglitazone	154-157	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	70-119
17189061-1	2007	PURPOSE: We hypothesized that administration of the anti-inflammatory peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone (Pio) to adult male rats would inhibit radiation-induced cognitive impairment.	Pioglitazone	154-157	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	121-130
17075577-8	2007	PGZ to MCD-fed mice restored the activation of the insulin receptor and of the Akt pathway in response to insulin.	Pioglitazone	0-3	insulin receptor	Mus musculus	51-67
17075577-8	2007	PGZ to MCD-fed mice restored the activation of the insulin receptor and of the Akt pathway in response to insulin.	Pioglitazone	0-3	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	79-82
17356310-0	2007	Effect of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.	Pioglitazone	10-22	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	26-74
17356310-7	2007	Furthermore, myocardial apoptosis was significantly suppressed by acute treatment with pioglitazone as evidenced by the decreased number of TUNEL-positive myocytes and DNA ladder, enhanced Bcl-2 protein expression, reduced Bax and caspase 3 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner compared with vehicle-treated rats.	Pioglitazone	87-99	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	189-194
17356310-7	2007	Furthermore, myocardial apoptosis was significantly suppressed by acute treatment with pioglitazone as evidenced by the decreased number of TUNEL-positive myocytes and DNA ladder, enhanced Bcl-2 protein expression, reduced Bax and caspase 3 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner compared with vehicle-treated rats.	Pioglitazone	87-99	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	223-226
17356310-7	2007	Furthermore, myocardial apoptosis was significantly suppressed by acute treatment with pioglitazone as evidenced by the decreased number of TUNEL-positive myocytes and DNA ladder, enhanced Bcl-2 protein expression, reduced Bax and caspase 3 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner compared with vehicle-treated rats.	Pioglitazone	87-99	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	231-240
17356310-8	2007	In addition, acute treatment with pioglitazone dose-dependently increased PPARgamma expression and decreased MMP-2 expression at protein and mRNA levels.	Pioglitazone	34-46	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	74-83
17356310-8	2007	In addition, acute treatment with pioglitazone dose-dependently increased PPARgamma expression and decreased MMP-2 expression at protein and mRNA levels.	Pioglitazone	34-46	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	109-114
17389771-2	2007	The novel insulin-sensitizing antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs, e.g., rosiglitazone, pioglitazone), which are licensed for use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, are high-affinity PPARgamma ligands, whose beneficial effects extend beyond improvement in glycaemic control to include amelioration of dyslipidaemia, lowering of blood pressure, and favourable modulation of macrophage lipid handling and inflammatory responses.	Pioglitazone	90-102	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	187-196
17969365-3	2007	The thiazolidinedione, pioglitazone, is known to offer multiple, potentially antiatherogenic, effects that may have a beneficial impact on macrovascular outcomes, including long-term improvements in insulin resistance (associated with an increased rate of atherosclerosis) and improvement in the atherogenic lipid triad (low HDL-cholesterol, raised triglycerides, and a preponderance of small, dense LDL particles) that is observed in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	199-206
18078023-4	2007	Pioglitazone HCL is an insulin sensitizer in the TZD family and glimepiride is an insulin secretagogue in the SU family.	Pioglitazone	0-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	23-30
18200815-3	2007	Of all the hypoglycemic agents in the pharmacological arsenal against diabetes, thiazolidinediones, in particular pioglitazone, as well as metformin appear to have additional effects in ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation; rendering them attractive tools for prevention of insulin resistance and diabetes.	Pioglitazone	114-126	insulin	Homo sapiens	284-291
17084385-1	2006	We have studied acute effects of the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone in vitro on human islets from both non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects.	Pioglitazone	55-67	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	37-46
17084385-4	2006	In islets from non-diabetic subjects, both high glucose and tolbutamide-stimulated insulin secretion was inhibited by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	118-130	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
17084385-5	2006	When islets were continuously perifused with 5 mM glucose, short-term pretreatment with pioglitazone caused approximately 2-fold increase in insulin secretion after drug withdrawal.	Pioglitazone	88-100	insulin	Homo sapiens	141-148
17161347-2	2006	Pioglitazone is an agonist of PPARgamma, capable of reducing chronic inflammation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	30-39
17161347-10	2006	In CsA-treated animals (alone and with pioglitazone), TGF-beta1 and Smad3 increased significantly.	Pioglitazone	39-51	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-63
17161347-10	2006	In CsA-treated animals (alone and with pioglitazone), TGF-beta1 and Smad3 increased significantly.	Pioglitazone	39-51	SMAD family member 3	Rattus norvegicus	68-73
17161347-11	2006	In animals treated with CsA and pioglitazone (5 mg/kg), PAI-1 was significantly lower than CsA alone (3.96+/-0.92 vs. 7.53+/-1.38, p&lt;0.05).	Pioglitazone	32-44	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-61
17161347-12	2006	Interestingly, the administration of pioglitazone 5 or 10 mg/kg was associated with an increase in Smad7 (1.79+/-0.25 and 1.75+/-0.19, respectively), compared to vehicle and to CsA-treated groups (1.08+/-0.17 and 1.17+/-0.19, respectively, p&lt;0.05).	Pioglitazone	37-49	SMAD family member 7	Rattus norvegicus	99-104
17161347-13	2006	These data provide evidence that pioglitazone acts through down regulation of pro-fibrotic cytokine PAI-1 and overexpression of the regulatory Smad7.	Pioglitazone	33-45	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-105
17161347-13	2006	These data provide evidence that pioglitazone acts through down regulation of pro-fibrotic cytokine PAI-1 and overexpression of the regulatory Smad7.	Pioglitazone	33-45	SMAD family member 7	Rattus norvegicus	143-148
17174194-11	2006	Consistently, improvement of insulin sensitivity achieved with pioglitazone significantly decreased urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2 excretion (-43%, p &lt; 0.05) without changes in body weight.	Pioglitazone	63-75	insulin	Homo sapiens	29-36
16835400-0	2006	The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone modifies the vascular sodium-angiotensin II relationship in insulin-resistant rats.	Pioglitazone	22-34	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	4-13
16835400-0	2006	The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone modifies the vascular sodium-angiotensin II relationship in insulin-resistant rats.	Pioglitazone	22-34	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	64-78
16835400-9	2006	Pioglitazone blunted the systemic response to ANG II and abolished the increased responsiveness to ANG II induced by a HS diet.	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	46-52
16835400-9	2006	Pioglitazone blunted the systemic response to ANG II and abolished the increased responsiveness to ANG II induced by a HS diet.	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	99-105
16835400-10	2006	Pioglitazone modified the renal hemodynamic response to changes in salt intake while maintaining a lower filtration fraction with ANG II perfusion.	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	130-136
16835400-12	2006	In conclusion, these data demonstrate that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone modifies the physiological relationship between sodium chloride and the response to ANG II in insulin-resistant rats.	Pioglitazone	104-116	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	47-95
16835400-12	2006	In conclusion, these data demonstrate that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone modifies the physiological relationship between sodium chloride and the response to ANG II in insulin-resistant rats.	Pioglitazone	104-116	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	201-207
17121522-0	2006	Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on plasma adiponectin in newly detected type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	11-23	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	48-59
17121522-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: This prospective study evaluates the effect of insulin sensitizers, pioglitazone (PGZ) and metformin (MET) on plasma adiponectin and leptin levels in subjects newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Pioglitazone	79-91	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	128-139
17121522-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: This prospective study evaluates the effect of insulin sensitizers, pioglitazone (PGZ) and metformin (MET) on plasma adiponectin and leptin levels in subjects newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Pioglitazone	79-91	leptin	Homo sapiens	144-150
17121522-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: This prospective study evaluates the effect of insulin sensitizers, pioglitazone (PGZ) and metformin (MET) on plasma adiponectin and leptin levels in subjects newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Pioglitazone	93-96	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	128-139
17121522-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: This prospective study evaluates the effect of insulin sensitizers, pioglitazone (PGZ) and metformin (MET) on plasma adiponectin and leptin levels in subjects newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Pioglitazone	93-96	leptin	Homo sapiens	144-150
17121522-6	2006	The 12-week treatment with PGZ significantly increased adiponectin concentrations (6.6 +/- 1.1-17.9 +/- 7.4 microg/ml, P &lt; 0.001) with no alteration in the MET treated group (6.8 +/- 1.5-6.7 +/- 2.8 microg/ml, P = 0.9).	Pioglitazone	27-30	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	55-66
17121522-9	2006	PGZ therapy improved insulin sensitivity to a greater degree (P = 0.007 and P = 0.001 for fasting plasma insulin (FPI) and HOMA-IR, respectively) than MET (P = 0.75 and P = 0.02 for FPI and HOMA-IR, respectively) but this improvement was not significantly different from that of MET at the end of 12 weeks (P = 0.146 and P = 0.09 for FPI and HOMA-IR, respectively).	Pioglitazone	0-3	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
17121522-9	2006	PGZ therapy improved insulin sensitivity to a greater degree (P = 0.007 and P = 0.001 for fasting plasma insulin (FPI) and HOMA-IR, respectively) than MET (P = 0.75 and P = 0.02 for FPI and HOMA-IR, respectively) but this improvement was not significantly different from that of MET at the end of 12 weeks (P = 0.146 and P = 0.09 for FPI and HOMA-IR, respectively).	Pioglitazone	0-3	insulin	Homo sapiens	105-112
17121522-10	2006	However, improvement in insulin sensitivity with PGZ was not commensurate with the increase in adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	49-52	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
17121522-14	2006	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone therapy appears to be better in achieving glycaemic control and increasing plasma adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in newly detected type 2 diabetics.	Pioglitazone	13-25	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	108-119
17121522-14	2006	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone therapy appears to be better in achieving glycaemic control and increasing plasma adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in newly detected type 2 diabetics.	Pioglitazone	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	124-131
16764964-16	2006	CONCLUSIONS: Short-term pioglitazone therapy improved beta-cell dysfunction, the mechanism might involve the attenuation of insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	24-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	124-131
17089002-10	2006	Using HT-29 cells, changes in PPARgamma1 mRNA levels were observed after treatment with PPARgamma agonists such as pioglitazone and troglitazone.	Pioglitazone	115-127	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	30-39
17003098-12	2006	Finally, pioglitazone treatment increased adiponectin concentrations in both IR (P &lt; 0.001) and IS smokers (P = 0.001).	Pioglitazone	9-21	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	42-53
17143554-13	2007	PGZ treatment was associated with increased serum adiponectin concentrations but did not decrease the severity of hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl4.	Pioglitazone	0-3	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	50-61
17062758-3	2007	OBJECTIVE: We studied the protective effect of pioglitazone on FFA-induced insulin resistance and the effects on intramyocellular glycosphingolipids.	Pioglitazone	47-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	75-82
17062758-10	2007	MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The change in peripheral insulin sensitivity after treatment with pioglitazone and during the infusion of the lipid emulsion was the main outcome measure.	Pioglitazone	88-100	insulin	Homo sapiens	47-54
17062758-15	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone increases Rd and insulin-mediated suppression of plasma FFA, but does not protect patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from FFA-induced insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
17214065-1	2006	BACKGROUND: Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione compound used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, metabolized mainly by CYP2C8 and CYP3A4.	Pioglitazone	12-24	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	121-127
17214065-1	2006	BACKGROUND: Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione compound used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, metabolized mainly by CYP2C8 and CYP3A4.	Pioglitazone	12-24	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	132-138
17137905-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the addition of the thiazoladinedione, pioglitazone, to standard therapy improves metabolic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and clinical evidence of insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	71-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	199-206
17137905-2	2006	STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, placebo-controlled 6-month 2-site trial of pioglitazone therapy in 35 adolescents with T1D, high insulin requirements (&gt;0.9 U/kg/d), and suboptimal metabolic control (A1c 7.5%-11%), with the primary outcome of change in A1c.	Pioglitazone	69-81	insulin	Homo sapiens	123-130
17045610-0	2006	Pioglitazone increases gallbladder volume in insulin-resistant obese mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	45-52
17045610-3	2006	Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that has been shown to improve insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
17045610-4	2006	Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that pioglitazone would improve insulin resistance, decrease resting gallbladder volume and improve gallbladder response to neurotransmitters in insulin-resistant obese mice fed a 25% carbohydrate diet.	Pioglitazone	41-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
17045610-4	2006	Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that pioglitazone would improve insulin resistance, decrease resting gallbladder volume and improve gallbladder response to neurotransmitters in insulin-resistant obese mice fed a 25% carbohydrate diet.	Pioglitazone	41-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	181-188
17045610-12	2006	CONCLUSION: These data suggest that in insulin-resistant obese mice pioglitazone 1) lowers insulin-resistance, 2) increases resting gallbladder volume, and 3) does not alter gallbladder response to neurotransmitters.	Pioglitazone	68-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	39-46
17045610-12	2006	CONCLUSION: These data suggest that in insulin-resistant obese mice pioglitazone 1) lowers insulin-resistance, 2) increases resting gallbladder volume, and 3) does not alter gallbladder response to neurotransmitters.	Pioglitazone	68-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	91-98
17045610-13	2006	Therefore, we conclude that pioglitazone, while improving insulin resistance, paradoxically increases gallbladder volume and, thereby, may increase the propensity for gallstone formation by enhancing gallbladder stasis.	Pioglitazone	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
17235413-1	2006	Pioglitazone, one of the synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARgamma) agonists, has been found to inhibit inflammatory response.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	79-88
17235413-8	2006	Furthermore, pioglitazone upregulated the suppressed expression of PPARgamma and attenuated the increased IL-1beta and IL-6 expression.	Pioglitazone	13-25	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	67-76
17235413-8	2006	Furthermore, pioglitazone upregulated the suppressed expression of PPARgamma and attenuated the increased IL-1beta and IL-6 expression.	Pioglitazone	13-25	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	106-114
17235413-8	2006	Furthermore, pioglitazone upregulated the suppressed expression of PPARgamma and attenuated the increased IL-1beta and IL-6 expression.	Pioglitazone	13-25	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	119-123
17235413-9	2006	The effect of pioglitazone might be associated with PPARgamma activation and the consequent antiinflammatory function in prevention and treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.	Pioglitazone	14-26	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	52-61
16979161-6	2006	Pioglitazone or bezafibrate attenuated the streptozotocin-induced increase in the expression of NADPH oxidase and VCAM-1 mRNA.	Pioglitazone	0-12	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-120
17135584-2	2006	Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that ameliorates insulin resistance and improves glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
16979161-7	2006	The enhanced expression of osteopontin gene and protein induced by streptozotocin was suppressed by pioglitazone, whereas treatment with bezafibrate had no effect on the expression of osteopontin.	Pioglitazone	100-112	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-38
16803857-0	2006	Pioglitazone increases secretion of high-molecular-weight adiponectin from adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	58-69
16803857-2	2006	Using sucrose gradients and Western blotting of nondenaturing gels, we examined the adiponectin isoforms secreted from human adipose tissue, human and mouse adipocytes, and cell lines in response to pioglitazone added in vitro.	Pioglitazone	199-211	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	84-95
16803857-5	2006	Human adipose tissue was also examined for changes in adiponectin mRNA levels upon pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	83-95	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	54-65
16803857-10	2006	Although there are differences in isoforms between species, in all cases pioglitazone served to increase the secretion of the HMW form of adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	73-85	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	138-149
17065332-7	2006	Thrombospondin-1 mRNA increased in 7- and 12-week-old rats by 2- and 10-fold, respectively, and was reduced by 50% in 12-week-old rats pretreated with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	151-163	thrombospondin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-16
17145645-5	2006	The insulin-sensitizing agents available commercially include metformin, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	91-103	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
16552403-13	2006	Pioglitazone enhanced HGF mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	hepatocyte growth factor	Mus musculus	22-25
16552403-14	2006	After 12 weeks of pioglitazone treatment, the changes of plasma HGF levels in patients treated with pioglitazone were significantly higher than those in control.	Pioglitazone	18-30	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	64-67
16552403-14	2006	After 12 weeks of pioglitazone treatment, the changes of plasma HGF levels in patients treated with pioglitazone were significantly higher than those in control.	Pioglitazone	100-112	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	64-67
17110803-0	2006	Administration of pioglitazone in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice inhibits lesion progression and matrix metalloproteinase expression in advanced atherosclerotic plaques.	Pioglitazone	18-30	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	34-66
16979161-8	2006	We also demonstrated that pioglitazone or bezafibrate prevented the streptozotocin-induced increase in angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene and protein content, by the means of RT-PCR and Western blotting.	Pioglitazone	26-38	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	103-132
16979161-8	2006	We also demonstrated that pioglitazone or bezafibrate prevented the streptozotocin-induced increase in angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene and protein content, by the means of RT-PCR and Western blotting.	Pioglitazone	26-38	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
16979161-11	2006	In addition, pioglitazone appeared to be more effective on the suppression of osteopontin expression compared with bezafibrate.	Pioglitazone	13-25	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-89
17204909-0	2006	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand pioglitazone alters neointimal composition in a balloon-denuded and radiated hypercholesterolemic rabbit.	Pioglitazone	56-68	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-48
17204909-2	2006	Because inflammation, deregulated growth, and migration of monocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) play important roles in the development of neointima, we tested the effect of pioglitazone, a high-affinity ligand, for PPAR-gamma on neointima formation in the iliac arteries of a balloon-denuded and radiated hypercholesterolemic rabbit.	Pioglitazone	187-199	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Oryctolagus cuniculus	229-239
17204909-8	2006	Data analysis showed that the pioglitazone group had smaller neointima (0.85 +/- 0.36 vs. 1.41 +/- 0.56, P &lt; 0.05), with more cells positive for VSMC (23.07 +/- 6.16 vs. 18.33 +/- 5.19, P = 0.04), less for monocytes (16.01 +/- 5.33 vs. 21.29 +/- 4.33, P &lt; 0.05), and fewer cells expressing metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-9 (3.69 +/- 0.47 vs. 4.82 +/- 0.93, P &lt; 0.05 and 3.24 +/- 0.71 vs. 4.29 +/- 0.74, P &lt; 0.05, respectively).	Pioglitazone	30-42	interstitial collagenase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	296-321
17204909-8	2006	Data analysis showed that the pioglitazone group had smaller neointima (0.85 +/- 0.36 vs. 1.41 +/- 0.56, P &lt; 0.05), with more cells positive for VSMC (23.07 +/- 6.16 vs. 18.33 +/- 5.19, P = 0.04), less for monocytes (16.01 +/- 5.33 vs. 21.29 +/- 4.33, P &lt; 0.05), and fewer cells expressing metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-9 (3.69 +/- 0.47 vs. 4.82 +/- 0.93, P &lt; 0.05 and 3.24 +/- 0.71 vs. 4.29 +/- 0.74, P &lt; 0.05, respectively).	Pioglitazone	30-42	matrix metalloproteinase-9	Oryctolagus cuniculus	326-331
17110803-9	2006	This study demonstrated for the first time that administration of pioglitazone in LDLR-/- mice inhibited lesion progression and MMP expression in established atherosclerotic plaques and thus delineated a potential mechanism by which pioglitazone reduces cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	66-78	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	82-86
17110803-9	2006	This study demonstrated for the first time that administration of pioglitazone in LDLR-/- mice inhibited lesion progression and MMP expression in established atherosclerotic plaques and thus delineated a potential mechanism by which pioglitazone reduces cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	233-245	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	82-86
16887936-4	2006	In this study, we investigated the antineoplastic effects of the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone in glioma cells.	Pioglitazone	83-95	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	65-74
16894240-6	2006	After pioglitazone treatment, DGAT1 expression was increased by 33 +/- 10% (P &lt; 0.05) and FAS expression increased by 63 +/- 8% (P &lt; 0.05); however, LPL expression was not altered.	Pioglitazone	6-18	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Mus musculus	30-35
16894240-6	2006	After pioglitazone treatment, DGAT1 expression was increased by 33 +/- 10% (P &lt; 0.05) and FAS expression increased by 63 +/- 8% (P &lt; 0.05); however, LPL expression was not altered.	Pioglitazone	6-18	lipoprotein lipase	Mus musculus	155-158
16887936-5	2006	Pioglitazone reduced cellular viability of rat, human, and PPARgamma-overexpressing glioma cells in vitro in a time- and concentration-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	59-68
16887936-12	2006	Reduced invasion of C6 cells and lower matrix metalloproteinase 9 levels in vivo indicate pioglitazone-mediated reduction of invasion.	Pioglitazone	90-102	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	39-65
16799131-2	2006	Previously, we demonstrated that the treatment of subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone resulted in a decrease in macrophage number in adipose tissue.	Pioglitazone	175-187	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	106-154
17087306-4	2006	The agents that improve insulin resistance, such as metformin and pioglitazone, have multiple effects to improve glucose and lipid metabolism by increasing sensitivity for insulin without increasing insulin secretion and exert anti-atherogenic properties resulting in preventing development of atherosclerosis.	Pioglitazone	66-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
17087306-4	2006	The agents that improve insulin resistance, such as metformin and pioglitazone, have multiple effects to improve glucose and lipid metabolism by increasing sensitivity for insulin without increasing insulin secretion and exert anti-atherogenic properties resulting in preventing development of atherosclerosis.	Pioglitazone	66-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	172-179
17054272-4	2006	Theoretical benefits of the newer peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) activators like pioglitazone on endothelial function and cardiovascular risk factors might result in fewer macrovascular disease events in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	112-124	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	34-82
17054272-4	2006	Theoretical benefits of the newer peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) activators like pioglitazone on endothelial function and cardiovascular risk factors might result in fewer macrovascular disease events in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	112-124	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	84-94
16714359-0	2006	Angiotensin II-mediated oxidative stress and procollagen-1 expression in cardiac fibroblasts: blockade by pravastatin and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	122-134	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	0-14
16714359-3	2006	We examined the potential antifibrotic effect of the combination of a statin (pravastatin) and a PPAR-gamma ligand (pioglitazone) in ANG II-treated mouse cardiac fibroblasts.	Pioglitazone	116-128	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	97-107
16714359-3	2006	We examined the potential antifibrotic effect of the combination of a statin (pravastatin) and a PPAR-gamma ligand (pioglitazone) in ANG II-treated mouse cardiac fibroblasts.	Pioglitazone	116-128	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	133-139
16714359-4	2006	ANG II treatment induced procollagen-1 expression, which was inhibited by pravastatin and pioglitazone in a dose-dependent fashion.	Pioglitazone	90-102	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	0-6
16714359-5	2006	Pretreatment of fibroblasts with low therapeutic concentrations of either pravastatin (0.1 microM) or pioglitazone (5 microM) only slightly decreased ANG II-induced NADPH oxidase expression, superoxide anion production, and procollagen-1 expression; however, the combination of pravastatin and pioglitazone markedly modulated these effects of ANG II.	Pioglitazone	102-114	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	150-156
16714359-5	2006	Pretreatment of fibroblasts with low therapeutic concentrations of either pravastatin (0.1 microM) or pioglitazone (5 microM) only slightly decreased ANG II-induced NADPH oxidase expression, superoxide anion production, and procollagen-1 expression; however, the combination of pravastatin and pioglitazone markedly modulated these effects of ANG II.	Pioglitazone	102-114	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	343-349
16714359-10	2006	Thus it appears that there is a positive interaction between pravastatin and pioglitazone in modulating ANG II-mediated oxidative stress, inhibiting MAPK activation, and procollagen-1 expression.	Pioglitazone	77-89	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	104-110
16714359-10	2006	Thus it appears that there is a positive interaction between pravastatin and pioglitazone in modulating ANG II-mediated oxidative stress, inhibiting MAPK activation, and procollagen-1 expression.	Pioglitazone	77-89	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	149-153
17003339-6	2006	Through pioglitazone treatment, gene expression of ephrin B2, Pod-1, actinin 4alpha, and DG1, as well as that of oxidative stress and lipid metabolism, was restored concomitant with attenuation of albuminuria.	Pioglitazone	8-20	ephrin B2	Mus musculus	51-60
17003339-6	2006	Through pioglitazone treatment, gene expression of ephrin B2, Pod-1, actinin 4alpha, and DG1, as well as that of oxidative stress and lipid metabolism, was restored concomitant with attenuation of albuminuria.	Pioglitazone	8-20	dystroglycan 1	Mus musculus	89-92
17003339-7	2006	In addition, HIF-1alpha protein expression was partially attenuated by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	71-83	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	13-23
17003347-7	2006	After treatment of the impaired glucose-tolerant subjects with insulin sensitizers for 10 weeks, pioglitazone (but not metformin) resulted in a 60% increase in the insulin sensitivity index (Si) and a 32% decrease in IMCLs (both P &lt; 0.01), along with an increase in lipin-beta (but not lipin-alpha) expression by 200% (P &lt; 0.005).	Pioglitazone	97-109	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
17003347-7	2006	After treatment of the impaired glucose-tolerant subjects with insulin sensitizers for 10 weeks, pioglitazone (but not metformin) resulted in a 60% increase in the insulin sensitivity index (Si) and a 32% decrease in IMCLs (both P &lt; 0.01), along with an increase in lipin-beta (but not lipin-alpha) expression by 200% (P &lt; 0.005).	Pioglitazone	97-109	insulin	Homo sapiens	164-171
18370736-0	2006	Pioglitazone restores endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	89-96
18370736-9	2006	In insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes, the addition of pioglitazone improves endothelial function, as measured by FMD.	Pioglitazone	66-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	3-10
17015477-3	2006	Using cells and prostate cancer xenograft mouse models, we demonstrate in this study that a combination treatment using the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone and the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid is more efficient at inhibiting prostate tumor growth than each individual therapy.	Pioglitazone	142-154	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	124-133
17015477-5	2006	In addition, we demonstrate that expression of E-cadherin, a protein involved in the control of cell migration and invasion, is highly up-regulated in the presence of valproic acid and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	185-197	cadherin 1	Mus musculus	47-57
17038787-0	2006	[PPAR gamma ligand pioglitazone as a therapeutic strategy in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)].	Pioglitazone	19-31	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	1-11
16506273-0	2006	Effect of pioglitazone on urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein concentrations in diabetes patients with microalbuminuria.	Pioglitazone	10-22	fatty acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	34-71
16506273-3	2006	The aim of the present study was to determine whether pioglitazone affects urinary L-FABP levels in diabetic nephropathy patients with microalbuminuria.	Pioglitazone	54-66	fatty acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	83-89
16506273-8	2006	After 6 and 12 months, UAE and urinary L-FABP were significantly lower in the pioglitazone treatment group than in the other treatment groups (UAE: 6 months, p &lt; 0.01 and 12 months, p &lt; 0.001; L-FABP: 6 months, p &lt; 0.05 and 12 months, p &lt; 0.01).	Pioglitazone	78-90	fatty acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	39-45
16506273-8	2006	After 6 and 12 months, UAE and urinary L-FABP were significantly lower in the pioglitazone treatment group than in the other treatment groups (UAE: 6 months, p &lt; 0.01 and 12 months, p &lt; 0.001; L-FABP: 6 months, p &lt; 0.05 and 12 months, p &lt; 0.01).	Pioglitazone	78-90	fatty acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	199-205
16506273-9	2006	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone, but not glibenclamide, voglibose, or nateglinide, appears to be effective in reducing UAE and the urinary L-FABP level, suggesting that pioglitazone has a specific role in ameliorating both glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions associated with early diabetic nephropathy.	Pioglitazone	13-25	fatty acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	133-139
16830140-4	2006	Results are relevant to diabetes because millions of diabetic patients take pioglitazone as an insulin-sensitising drug, and diabetes increases the risk of developing Alzheimer"s disease.	Pioglitazone	76-88	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
17004929-2	2006	Recently, we found that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonists troglitazone and pioglitazone reduce injury and inflammation in a rat model of transient cerebral ischemia.	Pioglitazone	115-127	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	28-76
17004929-2	2006	Recently, we found that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonists troglitazone and pioglitazone reduce injury and inflammation in a rat model of transient cerebral ischemia.	Pioglitazone	115-127	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	78-87
16804048-4	2006	RESULTS: Diet/exercise reduced body fat and visceral fat and improved insulin sensitivity parameters; pioglitazone improved insulin sensitivity to a similar degree but increased body fat.	Pioglitazone	102-114	insulin	Homo sapiens	124-131
16804048-5	2006	Adiponectin increased more after pioglitazone (4770 +/- 487 vs. 8351 +/- 693.6 ng/ml, P &lt; 0.001) than after diet/exercise (4704 +/- 367 to 5426 +/- 325.3 ng/ml, P &lt; 0.01), whereas TNFalpha, IL-6, and resistin did not change.	Pioglitazone	33-45	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	0-11
16822823-1	2006	CONTEXT: Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs)-gamma by thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone, rosiglitazone) and dual-acting PPARalpha/gamma agonists (pargluva, ragaglitazar) is a widely used pharmacological principle to treat insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	104-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	251-258
17046548-0	2006	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced production of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and its regulation by pioglitazone and cerivastatin in a nonmalignant human hepatocyte cell line.	Pioglitazone	106-118	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-27
17046548-0	2006	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced production of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and its regulation by pioglitazone and cerivastatin in a nonmalignant human hepatocyte cell line.	Pioglitazone	106-118	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	50-83
17046548-5	2006	A thiazolidinedione, pioglitazone, reduced TNF-alpha-induced PAI-1 production by 32%, via protein kinase C- and nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent pathways.	Pioglitazone	21-33	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	43-52
17046548-5	2006	A thiazolidinedione, pioglitazone, reduced TNF-alpha-induced PAI-1 production by 32%, via protein kinase C- and nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent pathways.	Pioglitazone	21-33	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	61-66
16609149-2	2006	C57BL/6J mice were made diabetic (D) by being fed a high-fat-calorie diet, and an increase in PPARgamma activity was induced by adding pioglitazone (Pi) to the diet.	Pioglitazone	135-147	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	94-103
16843437-5	2006	Specific PPARgamma ligand Pioglitazone can significantly induce the PAI-1 expression, and stimulate the secretion of PAI-1 into medium.	Pioglitazone	26-38	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	9-18
16799131-2	2006	Previously, we demonstrated that the treatment of subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone resulted in a decrease in macrophage number in adipose tissue.	Pioglitazone	175-187	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	156-165
16799131-6	2006	To determine whether macrophage apoptosis was a direct or indirect effect of pioglitazone treatment, human THP1 cells were treated with pioglitazone in vitro, demonstrating increased TUNEL staining in a dose- and time-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	136-148	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	107-111
16799131-7	2006	Furthermore, the appearance of the active proteolytic subunits of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were detected in cell lysate from THP1 cells and also increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner following pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	201-213	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	66-75
16799131-7	2006	Furthermore, the appearance of the active proteolytic subunits of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were detected in cell lysate from THP1 cells and also increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner following pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	201-213	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	80-89
16799131-7	2006	Furthermore, the appearance of the active proteolytic subunits of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were detected in cell lysate from THP1 cells and also increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner following pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	201-213	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	124-128
16799131-8	2006	Pretreatment with a PPARgamma inhibitor, GW9662, prevented pioglitazone induction of the apoptotic pathway in THP1 cells.	Pioglitazone	59-71	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	20-29
16799131-8	2006	Pretreatment with a PPARgamma inhibitor, GW9662, prevented pioglitazone induction of the apoptotic pathway in THP1 cells.	Pioglitazone	59-71	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	110-114
16799131-10	2006	These findings indicate that PPARgamma has distinct functions in different cell types in WAT, such that pioglitazone reduces macrophage infiltration by inducing apoptotic cell death specifically in macrophages through PPARgamma activation.	Pioglitazone	104-116	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	29-38
16799131-10	2006	These findings indicate that PPARgamma has distinct functions in different cell types in WAT, such that pioglitazone reduces macrophage infiltration by inducing apoptotic cell death specifically in macrophages through PPARgamma activation.	Pioglitazone	104-116	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	218-227
16670899-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic drug, is metabolised mainly by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8 enzyme.	Pioglitazone	11-23	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	93-118
16843437-5	2006	Specific PPARgamma ligand Pioglitazone can significantly induce the PAI-1 expression, and stimulate the secretion of PAI-1 into medium.	Pioglitazone	26-38	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1	Mus musculus	68-73
16843437-5	2006	Specific PPARgamma ligand Pioglitazone can significantly induce the PAI-1 expression, and stimulate the secretion of PAI-1 into medium.	Pioglitazone	26-38	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1	Mus musculus	117-122
16882108-16	2006	Significant Lp(a) and HCT improvement was present in the pioglitazone group at 12 months compared with the baseline values, and Lp(a) change was significant compared with the rosiglitazone group.	Pioglitazone	57-69	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	12-17
16882108-19	2006	However, long-term treatment with metformin plus pioglitazone significantly reduced Lp(a) plasma levels, whereas metformin + rosiglitazone did not.	Pioglitazone	49-61	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	84-89
16882108-20	2006	CONCLUSION: For patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, combined treatment with metformin and rosiglitazone or pioglitazone is safe and effective, However, the pioglitazone combination also reduced the plasma Lp(a) levels whereas the rosiglitazone combination did not.	Pioglitazone	134-146	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	232-237
16882108-20	2006	CONCLUSION: For patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, combined treatment with metformin and rosiglitazone or pioglitazone is safe and effective, However, the pioglitazone combination also reduced the plasma Lp(a) levels whereas the rosiglitazone combination did not.	Pioglitazone	183-195	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	232-237
16682454-1	2006	Adipogenesis is an important process for the improvement of insulin resistance by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists, such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	174-186	insulin	Homo sapiens	60-67
16682454-1	2006	Adipogenesis is an important process for the improvement of insulin resistance by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists, such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	174-186	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	126-130
16682454-5	2006	In the differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes, the levels of adipose fatty acid-binding protein (aP2) mRNA expression and triglyceride accumulation induced by FK614 were as efficacious as those of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	210-222	fatty acid binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	92-95
16682454-7	2006	Furthermore, the long-term treatment of mature adipocytes with rosiglitazone and pioglitazone reduced the expression of phosphodiesterase 3B, the down-regulation of which has an important role in the development of insulin resistance; however, FK614 had no such effect in mature adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	81-93	phosphodiesterase 3B	Homo sapiens	120-140
16682454-7	2006	Furthermore, the long-term treatment of mature adipocytes with rosiglitazone and pioglitazone reduced the expression of phosphodiesterase 3B, the down-regulation of which has an important role in the development of insulin resistance; however, FK614 had no such effect in mature adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	81-93	insulin	Homo sapiens	215-222
16845716-11	2006	Whereas, in PGZ treatment group, serum levels of AST and FINS showed decreasing tendency, liver indexes, serum levels of ALT, ALP, TNF-alpha and HOMA-IR were significantly decreased compared with model group II.	Pioglitazone	12-15	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
16845716-11	2006	Whereas, in PGZ treatment group, serum levels of AST and FINS showed decreasing tendency, liver indexes, serum levels of ALT, ALP, TNF-alpha and HOMA-IR were significantly decreased compared with model group II.	Pioglitazone	12-15	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	131-140
16839832-2	2006	This study was designed to investigate the effect of adiponectin on carotid arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetic patients treated with pioglitazone and metformin.	Pioglitazone	136-148	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	53-64
16839832-5	2006	In the pioglitazone group, plasma adiponectin level significantly increased and stiffness parameter beta significantly decreased, whereas in the metformin group neither of these parameters changed significantly.	Pioglitazone	7-19	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	34-45
16839832-6	2006	The changes in stiffness parameter beta were significantly and inversely correlated with change in plasma adiponectin level after treatment with pioglitazone or metformin in the group of all subjects (r = -0.472, P = .036).	Pioglitazone	145-157	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	106-117
16839832-7	2006	In conclusion, the present study is the first to demonstrate that increase in adiponectin level after treatment with the insulin sensitizers pioglitazone and metformin may improve arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	141-153	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	78-89
16839832-7	2006	In conclusion, the present study is the first to demonstrate that increase in adiponectin level after treatment with the insulin sensitizers pioglitazone and metformin may improve arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	141-153	insulin	Homo sapiens	121-128
16464908-9	2006	Likewise, troglitazone and another TZD, pioglitazone, caused rapid increases in pAMPK and pACC of equal magnitude in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts with and without sufficient PPARgamma to mediate the expression of target genes.	Pioglitazone	40-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	167-176
16489101-4	2006	PPARgamma was activated by adding pioglitazone (Pi) to the diet.	Pioglitazone	34-46	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-9
16867170-0	2006	Pioglitazone is metabolised by CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 in vitro: potential for interactions with CYP2C8 inhibitors.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	31-37
16867170-0	2006	Pioglitazone is metabolised by CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 in vitro: potential for interactions with CYP2C8 inhibitors.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	42-48
16867170-0	2006	Pioglitazone is metabolised by CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 in vitro: potential for interactions with CYP2C8 inhibitors.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	91-97
16867170-3	2006	The metabolism of pioglitazone by CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 was investigated using human recombinant CYP isoforms.	Pioglitazone	18-30	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	34-40
16867170-3	2006	The metabolism of pioglitazone by CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 was investigated using human recombinant CYP isoforms.	Pioglitazone	18-30	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	42-48
16867170-3	2006	The metabolism of pioglitazone by CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 was investigated using human recombinant CYP isoforms.	Pioglitazone	18-30	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	50-56
16867170-3	2006	The metabolism of pioglitazone by CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 was investigated using human recombinant CYP isoforms.	Pioglitazone	18-30	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9	Homo sapiens	58-64
16867170-3	2006	The metabolism of pioglitazone by CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 was investigated using human recombinant CYP isoforms.	Pioglitazone	18-30	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	66-73
16867170-3	2006	The metabolism of pioglitazone by CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 was investigated using human recombinant CYP isoforms.	Pioglitazone	18-30	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	75-81
16867170-3	2006	The metabolism of pioglitazone by CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 was investigated using human recombinant CYP isoforms.	Pioglitazone	18-30	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	83-89
16867170-3	2006	The metabolism of pioglitazone by CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 was investigated using human recombinant CYP isoforms.	Pioglitazone	18-30	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	91-97
16867170-3	2006	The metabolism of pioglitazone by CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 was investigated using human recombinant CYP isoforms.	Pioglitazone	18-30	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	102-108
16867170-4	2006	In particular, the inhibitors of CYP2C8, but also those of CYP3A4, markedly inhibited the elimination of pioglitazone and the formation of M-IV by HLM.	Pioglitazone	105-117	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	33-39
16867170-4	2006	In particular, the inhibitors of CYP2C8, but also those of CYP3A4, markedly inhibited the elimination of pioglitazone and the formation of M-IV by HLM.	Pioglitazone	105-117	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	59-65
16867170-6	2006	Of the recombinant isoforms, CYP2C8 (20 pmol/ml) metabolised pioglitazone markedly (56% in 60 min.	Pioglitazone	61-73	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	29-35
16867170-9	2006	In conclusion, pioglitazone is metabolised mainly by CYP2C8 and to a lesser extent by CYP3A4 in vitro.	Pioglitazone	15-27	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	53-59
16867170-9	2006	In conclusion, pioglitazone is metabolised mainly by CYP2C8 and to a lesser extent by CYP3A4 in vitro.	Pioglitazone	15-27	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	86-92
16867170-11	2006	The effect of different CYP2C8 inhibitors on pioglitazone pharmacokinetics needs to be evaluated also in vivo because, irrespective of their in vitro CYP2C8 inhibitory potency, their pharmacokinetic properties may affect the extent of interaction.	Pioglitazone	45-57	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	24-30
16915030-11	2006	PPARgamma activity increased approximately two-fold with pioglitazone and 1.5-fold with the ARB in all assays.	Pioglitazone	57-69	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
17037742-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) in QBC939 and the effects of PPAR-gamma activated by its ligand pioglitazone on the growth of human bile duct carcinoma cell line.	Pioglitazone	166-178	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	131-141
17037742-2	2006	METHODS: QBC939 cells were cultured and treated with different concentration of pioglitazone; the expression of PPAR-gamma mRNA was detected by RT-PCR; the effects of PPAR-gamma activated by its ligand on cell proliferation were examined by cell count under light microscope; the influences of activated PPAR-gamma on cell cycle were examined by flow cytometry, and the apoptosis of cancer cells induced by PPAR-gamma ligand pioglitazone was detected by flow cytometry and TUNEL methods.	Pioglitazone	425-437	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	167-177
17037742-2	2006	METHODS: QBC939 cells were cultured and treated with different concentration of pioglitazone; the expression of PPAR-gamma mRNA was detected by RT-PCR; the effects of PPAR-gamma activated by its ligand on cell proliferation were examined by cell count under light microscope; the influences of activated PPAR-gamma on cell cycle were examined by flow cytometry, and the apoptosis of cancer cells induced by PPAR-gamma ligand pioglitazone was detected by flow cytometry and TUNEL methods.	Pioglitazone	425-437	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	167-177
17037742-2	2006	METHODS: QBC939 cells were cultured and treated with different concentration of pioglitazone; the expression of PPAR-gamma mRNA was detected by RT-PCR; the effects of PPAR-gamma activated by its ligand on cell proliferation were examined by cell count under light microscope; the influences of activated PPAR-gamma on cell cycle were examined by flow cytometry, and the apoptosis of cancer cells induced by PPAR-gamma ligand pioglitazone was detected by flow cytometry and TUNEL methods.	Pioglitazone	425-437	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	167-177
17037742-4	2006	And after PPAR-gamma was activated by its ligand pioglitazone, it significantly inhibited cell proliferation, produced G2/M phase arrest and induced apoptosis of QBC939.	Pioglitazone	49-61	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	10-20
17037742-5	2006	CONCLUSIONS: PPAR-gamma, after being activated by its ligand pioglitazone, can inhibit the cell growth of QBC939 remarkably through suppression of cell proliferation, increase in proportion of G2/M phase cells and induction of apoptosis, so PPAR-gamma may be a molecular therapeutical target against the human bile duct carcinoma.	Pioglitazone	61-73	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	13-23
17009067-7	2006	In the group receiving pioglitazone, the mean HbA1c three months after the insulin infusion was 16% lower and after six months 17% lower than baseline values (p &lt; 0.02).	Pioglitazone	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	75-82
17063547-0	2006	[Effects of pioglitazone on MKP-1 and TSP-1 expression in early stages of diabetic retinopathy induced by streptozotocin].	Pioglitazone	12-24	dual specificity phosphatase 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-33
17063547-0	2006	[Effects of pioglitazone on MKP-1 and TSP-1 expression in early stages of diabetic retinopathy induced by streptozotocin].	Pioglitazone	12-24	thrombospondin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-43
17063547-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of pioglitazone on MKP-1 and TSP-1 expression in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and the relevant mechanism in it.	Pioglitazone	37-49	dual specificity phosphatase 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
17063547-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of pioglitazone on MKP-1 and TSP-1 expression in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and the relevant mechanism in it.	Pioglitazone	37-49	thrombospondin 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-68
17063547-7	2006	Diabetes groups adding pioglitazone caused the upregulation of TSP-1 and MKP-1 expression in the retina among the three groups.	Pioglitazone	23-35	thrombospondin 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-68
17063547-7	2006	Diabetes groups adding pioglitazone caused the upregulation of TSP-1 and MKP-1 expression in the retina among the three groups.	Pioglitazone	23-35	dual specificity phosphatase 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-78
17063547-9	2006	Further studies should address the possible involvement of TSP-1 and MKP-1 in the correlational pathophysiology between pioglitazone and diabetic retinopathy.	Pioglitazone	120-132	dual specificity phosphatase 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
16806109-2	2006	mRNA levels of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha before seizure and mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha after seizure were decreased in the brains of the mice with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	157-169	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	15-23
16806109-2	2006	mRNA levels of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha before seizure and mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha after seizure were decreased in the brains of the mice with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	157-169	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	25-29
16806109-2	2006	mRNA levels of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha before seizure and mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha after seizure were decreased in the brains of the mice with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	157-169	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	34-43
16806109-2	2006	mRNA levels of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha before seizure and mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha after seizure were decreased in the brains of the mice with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	157-169	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	78-82
16806109-2	2006	mRNA levels of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha before seizure and mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha after seizure were decreased in the brains of the mice with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	157-169	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	87-96
16825603-9	2006	Finally, we also found that the mTOR-independent inhibitory mechanism of troglitazone holds for the TZDs ciglitazone, pioglitazone, and rosiglitazone, in BAEC and other types of endothelial cells tested.	Pioglitazone	118-130	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Bos taurus	32-36
16545355-0	2006	Pioglitazone decreased CD40/CD40L expression on human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein.	Pioglitazone	0-12	CD40 molecule	Homo sapiens	23-27
16545355-0	2006	Pioglitazone decreased CD40/CD40L expression on human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein.	Pioglitazone	0-12	CD40 ligand	Homo sapiens	28-33
16545355-2	2006	We tested the hypothesis that pioglitazone could decrease lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) and CD40/CD40L expression on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL).	Pioglitazone	30-42	oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	58-86
16545355-2	2006	We tested the hypothesis that pioglitazone could decrease lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) and CD40/CD40L expression on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL).	Pioglitazone	30-42	oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	88-93
16545355-2	2006	We tested the hypothesis that pioglitazone could decrease lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) and CD40/CD40L expression on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL).	Pioglitazone	30-42	CD40 molecule	Homo sapiens	99-103
16545355-2	2006	We tested the hypothesis that pioglitazone could decrease lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) and CD40/CD40L expression on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL).	Pioglitazone	30-42	CD40 ligand	Homo sapiens	104-109
16545355-8	2006	Pretreatment of HUVECs with pioglitazone (1 and 10 micromol/l) for 60 min decreased the expression of CD40 mRNA induced by oxLDL by 16% and 52%, respectively (both P&lt;0.05).	Pioglitazone	28-40	CD40 molecule	Homo sapiens	102-106
16545355-9	2006	Pretreatment of HUVECs with pioglitazone (1 and 10 micromol/l) for 60 min decreased the expression of CD40L mRNA induced by oxLDL by 16% and 43% (both P&lt;0.05).	Pioglitazone	28-40	CD40 ligand	Homo sapiens	102-107
16545355-10	2006	Also, pretreatment of HUVECs with pioglitazone (1 and 10 micromol/l) for 60 min also significantly decreased CD40 and CD40L expression on HUVECs induced by oxLDL in a concentration-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	34-46	CD40 molecule	Homo sapiens	109-113
16545355-10	2006	Also, pretreatment of HUVECs with pioglitazone (1 and 10 micromol/l) for 60 min also significantly decreased CD40 and CD40L expression on HUVECs induced by oxLDL in a concentration-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	34-46	CD40 ligand	Homo sapiens	118-123
16545355-11	2006	Pretreatment of HUVECs with pioglitazone (1 and 10 micromol/l) decreased oxLDL induced upregulation mRNA of LOX-1 by 11% and 28%, respectively.	Pioglitazone	28-40	oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	108-113
16545355-12	2006	Furthermore, through immunohistochemistry, we found that pioglitazone could decrease the LOX-1 expression on HUVECs induced by oxLDL.	Pioglitazone	57-69	oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	89-94
16545355-13	2006	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone inhibited the upregulation of LOX-1 on HUVECs elicited by oxLDL and subsequently decreased HUVECs CD40/CD40L expression induced by oxLDL.	Pioglitazone	12-24	oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	55-60
16545355-13	2006	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone inhibited the upregulation of LOX-1 on HUVECs elicited by oxLDL and subsequently decreased HUVECs CD40/CD40L expression induced by oxLDL.	Pioglitazone	12-24	CD40 molecule	Homo sapiens	123-127
16545355-13	2006	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone inhibited the upregulation of LOX-1 on HUVECs elicited by oxLDL and subsequently decreased HUVECs CD40/CD40L expression induced by oxLDL.	Pioglitazone	12-24	CD40 ligand	Homo sapiens	128-133
16873703-0	2006	Pioglitazone but not glibenclamide improves cardiac expression of heat shock protein 72 and tolerance against ischemia/reperfusion injury in the heredity insulin-resistant rat.	Pioglitazone	0-12	selenoprotein K	Rattus norvegicus	66-84
16873703-1	2006	We tested the hypothesis that pioglitazone could restore expression of heat shock protein (HSP)72 in insulin-resistant rat heart.	Pioglitazone	30-42	selenoprotein K	Rattus norvegicus	71-89
16873703-1	2006	We tested the hypothesis that pioglitazone could restore expression of heat shock protein (HSP)72 in insulin-resistant rat heart.	Pioglitazone	30-42	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1A	Rattus norvegicus	91-97
16873703-6	2006	Pioglitazone but not glibenclamide improved insulin sensitivity in OLETF rats, which was associated with the restoration of Akt activation and HSP72 expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	124-127
16873703-6	2006	Pioglitazone but not glibenclamide improved insulin sensitivity in OLETF rats, which was associated with the restoration of Akt activation and HSP72 expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1A	Rattus norvegicus	143-148
16873703-8	2006	Our results suggest that PI3 kinase-dependent Akt activation, an essential signal for HSP72 expression, is depressed in the heart in insulin-resistant OLETF rats, and the results suggest also that the restoration of HSP72 expression and tolerance against ischemia/reperfusion injury by treatment with pioglitazone might be due to an improvement of insulin resistance, leading to restoration of impaired PI3 kinase-dependent Akt activation in response to hyperthermia.	Pioglitazone	301-313	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
16873703-8	2006	Our results suggest that PI3 kinase-dependent Akt activation, an essential signal for HSP72 expression, is depressed in the heart in insulin-resistant OLETF rats, and the results suggest also that the restoration of HSP72 expression and tolerance against ischemia/reperfusion injury by treatment with pioglitazone might be due to an improvement of insulin resistance, leading to restoration of impaired PI3 kinase-dependent Akt activation in response to hyperthermia.	Pioglitazone	301-313	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1A	Rattus norvegicus	216-221
16873816-0	2006	Case report of Klinefelter"s syndrome with severe diabetes, dyslipidemia, and stroke: The effect of pioglitazone and other anti-inflammatory agents on interleukin-6 and -8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and C-reactive protein.	Pioglitazone	100-112	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	151-200
16782094-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: To thoroughly examine the mechanisms for insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to evaluate the effects of pioglitazone treatment on insulin resistance, beta-cell function, LH secretion, and glucose metabolism.	Pioglitazone	138-150	insulin	Homo sapiens	164-171
16782094-8	2006	Pioglitazone treatment resulted in significantly lower levels of fasting insulin and significantly higher insulin sensitivity, increased insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation, and increased insulin-stimulated inhibition of lipid oxidation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	73-80
16782094-8	2006	Pioglitazone treatment resulted in significantly lower levels of fasting insulin and significantly higher insulin sensitivity, increased insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation, and increased insulin-stimulated inhibition of lipid oxidation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	106-113
16782094-8	2006	Pioglitazone treatment resulted in significantly lower levels of fasting insulin and significantly higher insulin sensitivity, increased insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation, and increased insulin-stimulated inhibition of lipid oxidation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	106-113
16782094-8	2006	Pioglitazone treatment resulted in significantly lower levels of fasting insulin and significantly higher insulin sensitivity, increased insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation, and increased insulin-stimulated inhibition of lipid oxidation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	106-113
16782094-11	2006	CONCLUSION(S): Insulin resistance in PCOS was characterized by hyperinsulinemia, impaired insulin-stimulated oxidative and nonoxidative glucose metabolism, which was partly reversed by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	185-197	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
16782094-11	2006	CONCLUSION(S): Insulin resistance in PCOS was characterized by hyperinsulinemia, impaired insulin-stimulated oxidative and nonoxidative glucose metabolism, which was partly reversed by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	185-197	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
16918264-1	2006	The antidiabetic compound pioglitazone, an activator of the intracellular peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, and decreases metabolic and vascular insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	26-38	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	74-122
16484506-6	2006	RESULTS: When introduced after two weeks of CCl4, pioglitazone reduced hepatic fibrosis, OH proline content, hepatic mRNA expression of collagen type I, and profibrotic genes, as well as the number of activated alpha smooth muscle actin positive hepatic stellate cells, compared with rats receiving CCl4 only, with no significant change in necroinflammation.	Pioglitazone	50-62	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	44-48
16484506-6	2006	RESULTS: When introduced after two weeks of CCl4, pioglitazone reduced hepatic fibrosis, OH proline content, hepatic mRNA expression of collagen type I, and profibrotic genes, as well as the number of activated alpha smooth muscle actin positive hepatic stellate cells, compared with rats receiving CCl4 only, with no significant change in necroinflammation.	Pioglitazone	50-62	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	299-303
16782410-5	2006	PPARgamma is activated by fatty acid derivatives, such as hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODEs), prostaglandin derivatives, such as 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2, and thiazolidinedione (glitazone) drugs, such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone.	Pioglitazone	217-229	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
17007354-8	2006	Both resveratrol and pioglitazone markedly inhibited EMMPRIN expression during monocytes differentiation.	Pioglitazone	21-33	basigin (Ok blood group)	Homo sapiens	53-60
16735678-7	2006	Treatment with pioglitazone significantly suppressed graft expression of interferon-gamma and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.	Pioglitazone	15-27	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	73-89
16735678-7	2006	Treatment with pioglitazone significantly suppressed graft expression of interferon-gamma and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.	Pioglitazone	15-27	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	94-128
16735678-9	2006	Pioglitazone-treated allografts showed significantly reduced expression of interferon-gamma, interleukin-10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	75-91
16735678-9	2006	Pioglitazone-treated allografts showed significantly reduced expression of interferon-gamma, interleukin-10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	93-107
16735678-9	2006	Pioglitazone-treated allografts showed significantly reduced expression of interferon-gamma, interleukin-10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.	Pioglitazone	0-12	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	113-147
16731829-5	2006	In addition, pioglitazone significantly reduced the number of glomerular p27(Kip1)-positive cells.	Pioglitazone	13-25	interferon alpha inducible protein 27	Homo sapiens	73-76
16731829-5	2006	In addition, pioglitazone significantly reduced the number of glomerular p27(Kip1)-positive cells.	Pioglitazone	13-25	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Homo sapiens	77-81
16731829-8	2006	Pioglitazone suppressed high glucose-induced phosphorylation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase and reduced Bcl-2 and p27(Kip1) protein levels.	Pioglitazone	0-12	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	116-121
16731829-8	2006	Pioglitazone suppressed high glucose-induced phosphorylation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase and reduced Bcl-2 and p27(Kip1) protein levels.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interferon alpha inducible protein 27	Homo sapiens	126-129
16731829-8	2006	Pioglitazone suppressed high glucose-induced phosphorylation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase and reduced Bcl-2 and p27(Kip1) protein levels.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Homo sapiens	130-134
16770015-6	2006	In primary cortical neurons expressing the PPARgamma, pioglitazone suppressed COX-2 expression in response to oxidative stress.	Pioglitazone	54-66	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	43-52
16770015-6	2006	In primary cortical neurons expressing the PPARgamma, pioglitazone suppressed COX-2 expression in response to oxidative stress.	Pioglitazone	54-66	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	78-83
16687628-0	2006	Transcriptional regulation of nephrin gene by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist: molecular mechanism of the antiproteinuric effect of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	157-169	NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin	Rattus norvegicus	30-37
16687628-0	2006	Transcriptional regulation of nephrin gene by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist: molecular mechanism of the antiproteinuric effect of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	157-169	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	46-94
16687628-1	2006	The renoprotective potential of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist pioglitazone was explored in an immune model of progressive nephropathy, passive Heymann nephritis (PHN), compared with that of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, taken as standard therapy for renoprotection.	Pioglitazone	106-118	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	86-96
16687628-4	2006	Kidneys from untreated PHN rats showed lower nephrin mRNA and protein than controls, both restored by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	102-114	NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin	Rattus norvegicus	45-52
16687628-6	2006	Whether the antiproteinuric effect of pioglitazone could be due to its effect on nephrin gene transcription also was investigated.	Pioglitazone	38-50	NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin	Rattus norvegicus	81-88
16431926-0	2006	Pioglitazone ameliorates insulin resistance and diabetes by both adiponectin-dependent and -independent pathways.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	65-76
17076197-5	2006	Synthetic PPAR ligands are thiazolidinediones (TZDs--rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, troglitazone).	Pioglitazone	68-80	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	10-14
16768114-6	2006	Long term administration of PPARgamma activator pioglitazone ameliorated the activity of NASH.	Pioglitazone	48-60	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	28-37
16768125-0	2006	[Insulin sensitizer--anti-diabetic drugs, metformin and pioglitazone that can improve insulin resistance].	Pioglitazone	56-68	insulin	Homo sapiens	1-8
16768125-0	2006	[Insulin sensitizer--anti-diabetic drugs, metformin and pioglitazone that can improve insulin resistance].	Pioglitazone	56-68	insulin	Homo sapiens	86-93
16768125-5	2006	The insulin-sensitizing drugs, which were biguanides (metformin) and thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone) have been shown to correct not only insulin resistance but also steatosis and inflammation in the liver.	Pioglitazone	89-101	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
16768125-5	2006	The insulin-sensitizing drugs, which were biguanides (metformin) and thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone) have been shown to correct not only insulin resistance but also steatosis and inflammation in the liver.	Pioglitazone	89-101	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
16524877-5	2006	Physiological concentrations of PPARgamma agonists, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, stimulated NSC growth, whereas antagonists caused cell death in a concentration-dependent manner via activation of the caspase cascade.	Pioglitazone	70-82	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	32-41
16403907-4	2006	This effect was much stronger than that mediated by the PPARgamma ligand pioglitazone (PGZ), which also belongs to the thiazolidinediones (TZD) class of ligands.	Pioglitazone	73-85	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	56-65
16403907-4	2006	This effect was much stronger than that mediated by the PPARgamma ligand pioglitazone (PGZ), which also belongs to the thiazolidinediones (TZD) class of ligands.	Pioglitazone	87-90	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	56-65
16861090-12	2006	Glimepiride + pioglitazone was associated with the following percent improvements from baseline in measures of glycemic control: -17.1% in HbA(1c), -19.3% in FPG, -17.8% in PPG, -40.1% in FPI, and -22.6% in PPI (all, P &lt; 0.01).	Pioglitazone	14-26	serglycin	Homo sapiens	173-176
16508777-0	2006	The insulin sensitiser pioglitazone does not influence skin microcirculatory function in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin.	Pioglitazone	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
16508777-9	2006	Mean VEGF increased with pioglitazone (61.1 pg/ml), but not significantly more than placebo (9.76 pg/ml, p=0.94).	Pioglitazone	25-37	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	5-9
16508777-10	2006	HbA(1c) levels and the inflammatory markers IL-6 and CRP decreased with pioglitazone compared with placebo (ANCOVA: p=0.009, p=0.001 and p=0.004, respectively).	Pioglitazone	72-84	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	44-48
16508777-11	2006	CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Pioglitazone improved glycaemic control and inflammatory markers over 9 weeks but had no effect on microcirculatory variables associated with oedema or insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients treated with insulin.	Pioglitazone	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	240-247
16644631-8	2006	At week 12, muraglitazar and pioglitazone reduced mean plasma triglyceride (-28 vs. -14%), apolipoprotein B (-12 vs. -6%), and non-HDL cholesterol (-6 vs. -1%) and increased HDL cholesterol (19 vs. 14%), respectively (P &lt; 0.0001 vs. pioglitazone for all comparisons).	Pioglitazone	29-41	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	91-107
16681563-0	2006	Effect of pioglitazone on insulin sensitivity, vascular function and cardiovascular inflammatory markers in insulin-resistant non-diabetic Asian Indians.	Pioglitazone	10-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	26-33
16681563-6	2006	Insulin-mediated vasodilation improved after pioglitazone in Asian Indians, but not in Caucasians, and correlated with the change in insulin sensitivity (r = 0.52, P = 0.03).	Pioglitazone	45-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
16681563-6	2006	Insulin-mediated vasodilation improved after pioglitazone in Asian Indians, but not in Caucasians, and correlated with the change in insulin sensitivity (r = 0.52, P = 0.03).	Pioglitazone	45-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	133-140
16645006-3	2006	Among them are repaglinide, a rapid-acting prandial insulin releaser, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists, such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	171-183	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	74-122
16645006-3	2006	Among them are repaglinide, a rapid-acting prandial insulin releaser, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists, such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	171-183	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	124-133
16431926-3	2006	After 14 days of 10 mg/kg pioglitazone, the insulin resistance and diabetes of ob/ob mice were significantly improved in association with significant up-regulation of serum adiponectin levels.	Pioglitazone	26-38	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	173-184
16431926-9	2006	Moreover, the expressions of TNFalpha and resistin in adipose tissues of ob/ob and adipo-/-ob/ob mice were unchanged after 10 mg/kg pioglitazone but were decreased after 30 mg/kg pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	132-144	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	29-37
16431926-9	2006	Moreover, the expressions of TNFalpha and resistin in adipose tissues of ob/ob and adipo-/-ob/ob mice were unchanged after 10 mg/kg pioglitazone but were decreased after 30 mg/kg pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	179-191	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	29-37
16431926-10	2006	Thus, pioglitazone-induced amelioration of insulin resistance and diabetes may occur adiponectin dependently in the liver and adiponectin independently in skeletal muscle.	Pioglitazone	6-18	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	85-96
16431926-10	2006	Thus, pioglitazone-induced amelioration of insulin resistance and diabetes may occur adiponectin dependently in the liver and adiponectin independently in skeletal muscle.	Pioglitazone	6-18	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	126-137
16762982-0	2006	TNF-alpha induces endothelial dysfunction in diabetic adults, an effect reversible by the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	109-121	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-9
16762982-0	2006	TNF-alpha induces endothelial dysfunction in diabetic adults, an effect reversible by the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	109-121	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	90-100
16762982-3	2006	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, not only improves insulin sensitivity, but may also have anti-inflammatory effects.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	16-64
16762982-8	2006	Treatment with pioglitazone for 4 weeks completely blocked TNF-alpha-induced impairment of endothelial-dependent FBF compared with placebo.	Pioglitazone	15-27	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	59-68
16762982-10	2006	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone treatment can convey direct protection against cytokine (TNF-alpha)-induced endothelial dysfunction in humans with an increased cardiovascular risk due to type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	12-24	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	82-91
21162229-4	2006	RESULTS: Angiotensin II caused a significant increase in MTT value and 3H-TdR uptake in CNM, which could be significantly reversed by pioglitazone and 15d-PGJ2 in a dose-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	134-146	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	9-23
21162229-7	2006	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone and 15d-PGJ2, as the activators of PPARgamma, inhibit proliferation of CNM from neonatal rats, the effect may be related to the activation of PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	12-24	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	60-69
21162229-7	2006	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone and 15d-PGJ2, as the activators of PPARgamma, inhibit proliferation of CNM from neonatal rats, the effect may be related to the activation of PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	12-24	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	167-176
16610015-5	2006	The second generation insulin sensitizer pioglitazone and rosiglitazone show the most promising improvements in NAFLD, but weight gain and potential hepatotoxicity calls for attention.	Pioglitazone	41-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
16580578-8	2006	Moreover, the finding that pioglitazone was also efficient in preventing the increase in oxidative stress in SMCs treated with high insulin combined with high glucose concentrations supports the hypothesis that the activation of PPAR-gamma activity can counteract the oxidative stress that seems to be implicated in the development of hypertension and insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	27-39	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	229-239
16442489-4	2006	Using this assay system, the effects of insulin, cytochalasin B (hexose uptake inhibitor), LY294002 (inhibitor of glucose transporter translocation), and pioglitazone hydrochloride (insulin-sensitizing agent) on 2DG uptake into L6 myotubes could be assessed clearly.	Pioglitazone	154-180	insulin	Homo sapiens	182-189
16606335-5	2006	Moreover, treatment with a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha agonist, bezafibrate, or a PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, suppressed both hyperlipidemia and intestinal polyp formation in the mice, with induction of LPL mRNA.	Pioglitazone	129-141	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	110-119
16606335-5	2006	Moreover, treatment with a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha agonist, bezafibrate, or a PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, suppressed both hyperlipidemia and intestinal polyp formation in the mice, with induction of LPL mRNA.	Pioglitazone	129-141	lipoprotein lipase	Mus musculus	236-239
16939632-8	2006	Antidiabetic agents (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) reduce CRP levels, while insulin is ineffective.	Pioglitazone	39-51	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	60-63
16573735-2	2006	Pioglitazone (Actos, AD4833), an antidiabetic drug, and 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2) have recently been identified as synthetic and natural ligands for PPARgamma, respectively.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	169-178
16573735-2	2006	Pioglitazone (Actos, AD4833), an antidiabetic drug, and 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2) have recently been identified as synthetic and natural ligands for PPARgamma, respectively.	Pioglitazone	14-19	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	169-178
16573735-2	2006	Pioglitazone (Actos, AD4833), an antidiabetic drug, and 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2) have recently been identified as synthetic and natural ligands for PPARgamma, respectively.	Pioglitazone	21-27	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	169-178
16573735-4	2006	Treatment with PPARgamma ligand (AD4833 or PGJ2) alone markedly suppressed proliferation but did not induce differentiation.	Pioglitazone	33-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	15-24
16458290-3	2006	Synthetic PPARgamma agonists have been developed, such as the thiazolidinediones rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	99-111	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	10-19
16159895-7	2006	Pioglitazone therapy in men with advanced diabetic nephropathy reduced WBC count by 1,125/mul (P &lt; 0.001), CRP by 41% (P = 0.042), IL-6 by 38% (P = 0.009), and MMP-9 by 29% (P = 0.016).	Pioglitazone	0-12	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	110-113
16159895-7	2006	Pioglitazone therapy in men with advanced diabetic nephropathy reduced WBC count by 1,125/mul (P &lt; 0.001), CRP by 41% (P = 0.042), IL-6 by 38% (P = 0.009), and MMP-9 by 29% (P = 0.016).	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	134-138
16159895-7	2006	Pioglitazone therapy in men with advanced diabetic nephropathy reduced WBC count by 1,125/mul (P &lt; 0.001), CRP by 41% (P = 0.042), IL-6 by 38% (P = 0.009), and MMP-9 by 29% (P = 0.016).	Pioglitazone	0-12	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	163-168
16159895-8	2006	Specific differential reductions in WBC count of 1,251/mul (P = 0.009) and reduction in IL-6 of 58% with pioglitazone (P = 0.001) were seen compared with glipizide.	Pioglitazone	105-117	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	88-92
16520894-0	2006	Pioglitazone, a synthetic ligand for PPARgamma, induces apoptosis in RB-deficient human colorectal cancer cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	37-46
16520894-2	2006	Our aim was to investigate whether PPARgamma is expressed in SNU-C4 and SNU-C2A cells and to elucidate possible molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of pioglitazone, a synthetic ligand for PPARgamma, on cell growth in these cell lines.	Pioglitazone	158-170	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	35-44
16520894-2	2006	Our aim was to investigate whether PPARgamma is expressed in SNU-C4 and SNU-C2A cells and to elucidate possible molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of pioglitazone, a synthetic ligand for PPARgamma, on cell growth in these cell lines.	Pioglitazone	158-170	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	195-204
16520894-5	2006	In addition, pioglitazone caused a down-regulation of the X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), Bcl-2, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) under conditions leading to PPARgamma down-regulation.	Pioglitazone	13-25	X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis	Homo sapiens	58-100
16520894-5	2006	In addition, pioglitazone caused a down-regulation of the X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), Bcl-2, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) under conditions leading to PPARgamma down-regulation.	Pioglitazone	13-25	X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis	Homo sapiens	102-106
16520894-5	2006	In addition, pioglitazone caused a down-regulation of the X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), Bcl-2, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) under conditions leading to PPARgamma down-regulation.	Pioglitazone	13-25	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	109-114
16520894-5	2006	In addition, pioglitazone caused a down-regulation of the X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), Bcl-2, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) under conditions leading to PPARgamma down-regulation.	Pioglitazone	13-25	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	120-136
16520894-5	2006	In addition, pioglitazone caused a down-regulation of the X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), Bcl-2, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) under conditions leading to PPARgamma down-regulation.	Pioglitazone	13-25	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	138-143
16520894-5	2006	In addition, pioglitazone caused a down-regulation of the X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), Bcl-2, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) under conditions leading to PPARgamma down-regulation.	Pioglitazone	13-25	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	173-182
16520894-6	2006	These results suggest that pioglitazone may have therapeutic relevance or significance in the treatment of human CRC, and the down-regulation of XIAP, Bcl-2, and COX-2 may contribute to pioglitazone-induced apoptosis in these and other RB-deficient cell lines and tumors.	Pioglitazone	186-198	X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis	Homo sapiens	145-149
16520894-6	2006	These results suggest that pioglitazone may have therapeutic relevance or significance in the treatment of human CRC, and the down-regulation of XIAP, Bcl-2, and COX-2 may contribute to pioglitazone-induced apoptosis in these and other RB-deficient cell lines and tumors.	Pioglitazone	186-198	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	151-156
16520894-6	2006	These results suggest that pioglitazone may have therapeutic relevance or significance in the treatment of human CRC, and the down-regulation of XIAP, Bcl-2, and COX-2 may contribute to pioglitazone-induced apoptosis in these and other RB-deficient cell lines and tumors.	Pioglitazone	186-198	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	162-167
16508139-3	2006	FK614, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone competed specific binding of [3H]rosiglitazone to PPARgamma with Ki values of 11 nM, 47 nM, and 1.3 microM, respectively.	Pioglitazone	26-38	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	89-98
16508139-6	2006	The estimated Kd values of FK614-, rosiglitazone-, and pioglitazone-PPARgamma complex to CBP peptide were 1.8, 0.64, and 0.72 microM, respectively, indicating FK614-PPARgamma complex exhibits a lower affinity for CBP peptide compared to other agonist-PPARgamma complexes.	Pioglitazone	55-67	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	68-77
16508139-6	2006	The estimated Kd values of FK614-, rosiglitazone-, and pioglitazone-PPARgamma complex to CBP peptide were 1.8, 0.64, and 0.72 microM, respectively, indicating FK614-PPARgamma complex exhibits a lower affinity for CBP peptide compared to other agonist-PPARgamma complexes.	Pioglitazone	55-67	CREB binding protein	Homo sapiens	89-92
16508139-6	2006	The estimated Kd values of FK614-, rosiglitazone-, and pioglitazone-PPARgamma complex to CBP peptide were 1.8, 0.64, and 0.72 microM, respectively, indicating FK614-PPARgamma complex exhibits a lower affinity for CBP peptide compared to other agonist-PPARgamma complexes.	Pioglitazone	55-67	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	165-174
16508139-6	2006	The estimated Kd values of FK614-, rosiglitazone-, and pioglitazone-PPARgamma complex to CBP peptide were 1.8, 0.64, and 0.72 microM, respectively, indicating FK614-PPARgamma complex exhibits a lower affinity for CBP peptide compared to other agonist-PPARgamma complexes.	Pioglitazone	55-67	CREB binding protein	Homo sapiens	213-216
16508139-6	2006	The estimated Kd values of FK614-, rosiglitazone-, and pioglitazone-PPARgamma complex to CBP peptide were 1.8, 0.64, and 0.72 microM, respectively, indicating FK614-PPARgamma complex exhibits a lower affinity for CBP peptide compared to other agonist-PPARgamma complexes.	Pioglitazone	55-67	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	165-174
16429317-3	2006	To this aim we studied fasting and postprandial lipaemia in type 2 diabetic patients before and after sensitisation to insulin with pioglitazone, compared with that observed in patients on an insulin-providing regime.	Pioglitazone	132-144	insulin	Homo sapiens	119-126
16429317-7	2006	RESULTS: Compared with glibenclamide treatment, pioglitazone treatment decreased fasting triglyceride, glucose and insulin levels and the homeostasis model assessment score of insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	48-60	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
16429317-7	2006	RESULTS: Compared with glibenclamide treatment, pioglitazone treatment decreased fasting triglyceride, glucose and insulin levels and the homeostasis model assessment score of insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	48-60	insulin	Homo sapiens	176-183
16429317-9	2006	Lipoprotein lipase activity was unchanged by pioglitazone treatment but hepatic lipase showed a significant decrease.	Pioglitazone	45-57	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	0-18
16429317-12	2006	CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Insulin sensitisation with pioglitazone has major effects in restoring postprandial lipaemia to normal, while also correcting fasting hypertriglyceridaemia; both factors may have consequences for atherogenic risk in diabetes.	Pioglitazone	55-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
16448520-11	2006	CONCLUSIONS: In patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, addition of pioglitazone to insulin significantly improved glycaemic control, had a positive effect on important components of the lipid profile in a dose-dependent manner and was generally well tolerated.	Pioglitazone	77-89	insulin	Homo sapiens	93-100
16492206-7	2006	Insulin levels as well as insulin resistance assessed using HOMA-S decreased significantly only after pioglitazone treatment (-11.94 pmol/l and -1.03, respectively, both P = 0.002 vs. baseline).	Pioglitazone	102-114	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
16492206-7	2006	Insulin levels as well as insulin resistance assessed using HOMA-S decreased significantly only after pioglitazone treatment (-11.94 pmol/l and -1.03, respectively, both P = 0.002 vs. baseline).	Pioglitazone	102-114	insulin	Homo sapiens	26-33
16492206-10	2006	CONCLUSIONS: A comparable decrease in HbA1c and FBG was observed with pioglitazone and gliclazide.	Pioglitazone	70-82	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	38-42
16492206-12	2006	This favourable effect of pioglitazone was due to its insulin-sensitizing effect and ability to decrease systemic glucose production.	Pioglitazone	26-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
16492207-0	2006	Pioglitazone increases circulating adiponectin levels and subsequently reduces TNF-alpha levels in Type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized study.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	35-46
16492207-0	2006	Pioglitazone increases circulating adiponectin levels and subsequently reduces TNF-alpha levels in Type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized study.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	79-88
16492207-6	2006	In pioglitazone-treated patients, circulating adiponectin levels were significantly increased from 4 weeks after the start of treatment, and until the end of the study at 12 weeks.	Pioglitazone	3-15	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	46-57
16492207-11	2006	CONCLUSION: In summary, pioglitazone caused an immediate increase in circulating adiponectin levels, followed by a reduction of TNF-alpha.	Pioglitazone	24-36	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	81-92
16492207-11	2006	CONCLUSION: In summary, pioglitazone caused an immediate increase in circulating adiponectin levels, followed by a reduction of TNF-alpha.	Pioglitazone	24-36	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	128-137
16505497-5	2006	RESULTS: Pioglitazone increased (P &lt; 0.001 from baseline) total body water (+2.4 +/- 0.5 l) accounting for 75% of the total weight gain (+3.1 +/- 2.0 kg) but did not alter vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations.	Pioglitazone	9-21	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	175-209
16447051-0	2006	Pioglitazone, an in vitro inhibitor of CYP2C8 and CYP3A4, does not increase the plasma concentrations of the CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 substrate repaglinide.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	39-45
16447051-0	2006	Pioglitazone, an in vitro inhibitor of CYP2C8 and CYP3A4, does not increase the plasma concentrations of the CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 substrate repaglinide.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	50-56
16447051-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic, inhibits cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8 and CYP3A4 enzymes in vitro.	Pioglitazone	11-23	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	68-93
16447051-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic, inhibits cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8 and CYP3A4 enzymes in vitro.	Pioglitazone	11-23	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	98-104
16447051-10	2006	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone does not increase the plasma concentrations of repaglinide, indicating that the inhibitory effect of pioglitazone on CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 is very weak in vivo, probably due to its extensive plasma protein binding.	Pioglitazone	127-139	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	143-149
16447051-10	2006	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone does not increase the plasma concentrations of repaglinide, indicating that the inhibitory effect of pioglitazone on CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 is very weak in vivo, probably due to its extensive plasma protein binding.	Pioglitazone	127-139	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	154-160
16503818-1	2006	Pioglitazone is an antidiabetic drug known to decrease peripheral, hepatic and vascular insulin resistance by the stimulation of PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	129-138
16503818-2	2006	In clinical trials, pioglitazone as monotherapy or in combination with other oral antidiabetic drugs or insulin has demonstrated to effectively improve blood glucose levels, long-term glucose control and the lipid profile.	Pioglitazone	20-32	insulin	Homo sapiens	104-111
16365190-7	2006	Maximum PPAR-gamma-LBD activation by EXP3179 reached 51% of the maximum response induced by the full PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone, identifying EXP3179 as a partial PPAR-gamma agonist.	Pioglitazone	120-132	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	8-18
16365190-7	2006	Maximum PPAR-gamma-LBD activation by EXP3179 reached 51% of the maximum response induced by the full PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone, identifying EXP3179 as a partial PPAR-gamma agonist.	Pioglitazone	120-132	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	101-111
16365190-7	2006	Maximum PPAR-gamma-LBD activation by EXP3179 reached 51% of the maximum response induced by the full PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone, identifying EXP3179 as a partial PPAR-gamma agonist.	Pioglitazone	120-132	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	101-111
16682836-0	2006	Increase in adiponectin levels during pioglitazone therapy in relation to glucose control, insulin resistance as well as ghrelin and resistin levels.	Pioglitazone	38-50	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	12-23
16682836-11	2006	The increase in adiponectin levels during pioglitazone therapy seems to be at least partly independent of blood glucose and insulin concentration as well as of ghrelin levels, and it was not associated with a decrease in resistin concentrations.	Pioglitazone	42-54	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	16-27
16831022-2	2006	Currently, the PPARgamma ligands rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus because they are potent insulin sensitizers.	Pioglitazone	51-63	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	15-24
16461819-0	2006	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation with pioglitazone improves endothelium-dependent dilation in nondiabetic patients with major cardiovascular risk factors.	Pioglitazone	65-77	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-48
16461819-9	2006	Treatment with pioglitazone significantly lowered plasma insulin (-22.9%; P&lt;0.001), improved QUICKI insulin sensitivity index (3.7%; P&lt;0.001), increased HDL cholesterol (8.2%; P&lt;0.001), and reduced triglycerides (-15.1%; P=0.003), free fatty acids (-14%; P=0.005), and C-reactive protein (-28.6%; P=0.001).	Pioglitazone	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	57-64
16461819-9	2006	Treatment with pioglitazone significantly lowered plasma insulin (-22.9%; P&lt;0.001), improved QUICKI insulin sensitivity index (3.7%; P&lt;0.001), increased HDL cholesterol (8.2%; P&lt;0.001), and reduced triglycerides (-15.1%; P=0.003), free fatty acids (-14%; P=0.005), and C-reactive protein (-28.6%; P=0.001).	Pioglitazone	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	103-110
16461819-9	2006	Treatment with pioglitazone significantly lowered plasma insulin (-22.9%; P&lt;0.001), improved QUICKI insulin sensitivity index (3.7%; P&lt;0.001), increased HDL cholesterol (8.2%; P&lt;0.001), and reduced triglycerides (-15.1%; P=0.003), free fatty acids (-14%; P=0.005), and C-reactive protein (-28.6%; P=0.001).	Pioglitazone	15-27	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	278-296
16461819-10	2006	Pioglitazone treatment significantly improved endothelium-dependent dilation to bradykinin (P=0.01) without affecting the response to sodium nitroprusside (P=0.31).	Pioglitazone	0-12	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	80-90
16461819-12	2006	CONCLUSIONS: In nondiabetic patients with cardiovascular risk factors, pioglitazone treatment enhances insulin sensitivity, decreases C-reactive protein, and improves endothelial vasodilator function.	Pioglitazone	71-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	103-110
16461819-12	2006	CONCLUSIONS: In nondiabetic patients with cardiovascular risk factors, pioglitazone treatment enhances insulin sensitivity, decreases C-reactive protein, and improves endothelial vasodilator function.	Pioglitazone	71-83	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	134-152
16443789-6	2006	Comparison of changes in beta-cell compensation for insulin resistance across the TRIPOD and PIPOD studies revealed that pioglitazone stopped the decline in beta-cell function that occurred during placebo treatment in the TRIPOD study and maintained the stability of beta-cell function that had occurred during troglitazone treatment in the TRIPOD study.	Pioglitazone	121-133	insulin	Homo sapiens	52-59
16269451-2	2006	We demonstrate that expression of the HSL gene is up-regulated by PPARgamma and PPARgamma agonists (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) in the cultured hepatic cells and differentiating preadipocytes.	Pioglitazone	118-130	lipase E, hormone sensitive type	Homo sapiens	38-41
16269451-2	2006	We demonstrate that expression of the HSL gene is up-regulated by PPARgamma and PPARgamma agonists (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) in the cultured hepatic cells and differentiating preadipocytes.	Pioglitazone	118-130	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	80-89
16622303-6	2006	While PG produced a significant increase in LPL, HDL-cholesterol, and adiponectin levels, GB did not affect these values.	Pioglitazone	6-8	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	44-47
16622303-6	2006	While PG produced a significant increase in LPL, HDL-cholesterol, and adiponectin levels, GB did not affect these values.	Pioglitazone	6-8	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	70-81
16622303-10	2006	Our study results suggest that PG suppresses increases in postprandial glucose and TG levels, and improves insulin resistance; and, in addition, that PG may have a favorable impact on oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	31-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	107-114
16461553-9	2006	Treatment of the 3T3L1-G972R cells with pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARgamma agonist, restored differentiation with higher level of PPARgamma expression and restoration of PI 3-kinase binding to IRS-1 G972R and PI 3-kinase activity.	Pioglitazone	40-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	62-71
16461553-9	2006	Treatment of the 3T3L1-G972R cells with pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARgamma agonist, restored differentiation with higher level of PPARgamma expression and restoration of PI 3-kinase binding to IRS-1 G972R and PI 3-kinase activity.	Pioglitazone	40-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	127-136
16461553-9	2006	Treatment of the 3T3L1-G972R cells with pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARgamma agonist, restored differentiation with higher level of PPARgamma expression and restoration of PI 3-kinase binding to IRS-1 G972R and PI 3-kinase activity.	Pioglitazone	40-52	insulin receptor substrate 1	Mus musculus	190-195
16461553-9	2006	Treatment of the 3T3L1-G972R cells with pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARgamma agonist, restored differentiation with higher level of PPARgamma expression and restoration of PI 3-kinase binding to IRS-1 G972R and PI 3-kinase activity.	Pioglitazone	54-57	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	62-71
16461553-9	2006	Treatment of the 3T3L1-G972R cells with pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARgamma agonist, restored differentiation with higher level of PPARgamma expression and restoration of PI 3-kinase binding to IRS-1 G972R and PI 3-kinase activity.	Pioglitazone	54-57	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	127-136
16461553-9	2006	Treatment of the 3T3L1-G972R cells with pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARgamma agonist, restored differentiation with higher level of PPARgamma expression and restoration of PI 3-kinase binding to IRS-1 G972R and PI 3-kinase activity.	Pioglitazone	54-57	insulin receptor substrate 1	Mus musculus	190-195
16386242-5	2006	Pre-treatment with either rosiglitazone or pioglitazone significantly reduced oxidative stress, COX-2 protein expression and activation of MAPKs and NF-kappaB.	Pioglitazone	43-55	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	96-101
16118250-0	2006	Increased plasma adiponectin in response to pioglitazone does not result from increased gene expression.	Pioglitazone	44-56	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	17-28
16579002-0	2006	Pioglitazone reduces urinary protein and urinary transforming growth factor-beta excretion in patients with type 2 diabetes and overt nephropathy.	Pioglitazone	0-12	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	49-80
16579002-5	2006	The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of pioglitazone (PGZ), a member of TZD, on urinary protein, urinary TGF-beta, and urinary type IV collagen excretion in type 2 diabetic patients with macroalbuminuric DN.	Pioglitazone	60-72	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	125-133
16579002-5	2006	The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of pioglitazone (PGZ), a member of TZD, on urinary protein, urinary TGF-beta, and urinary type IV collagen excretion in type 2 diabetic patients with macroalbuminuric DN.	Pioglitazone	74-77	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	125-133
16579002-11	2006	Urinary TGF-beta excretion in the PGZ group was decreased by 47.8% which significantly differed from the 59.7% increase in the control group (p &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	34-37	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	8-16
16579002-13	2006	CONCLUSION: Besides the effectiveness in blood sugar control, pioglitazone could salutarily reduce proteinuria and synthesis of TGF-beta as well as type IV collagen.	Pioglitazone	62-74	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	128-136
16390353-1	2006	AIMS: The effect of enzyme induction on the pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic drug that is metabolized primarily by CYP2C8, is not known.	Pioglitazone	64-76	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	149-155
16390353-11	2006	CONCLUSIONS: Rifampicin caused a substantial decrease in the plasma concentration of pioglitazone, probably by induction of CYP2C8.	Pioglitazone	85-97	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	124-130
16914073-0	2006	Metformin and pioglitazone: Effectively treating insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	14-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
16914073-3	2006	Two key classes of insulin-sensitizing agents--the biguanides (principally metformin) and thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone and rosiglitazone)--have distinct molecular mechanisms of action and differing effects on metabolic dysfunction.	Pioglitazone	110-122	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
16914074-5	2006	FINDINGS: Pioglitazone increases insulin sensitivity, while metformin reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis and improves peripheral glucose uptake.	Pioglitazone	10-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
16299161-9	2006	The results described have important implications for the mechanism of the clinical interaction reported between gemfibrozil and CYP2C8 substrates such as cerivastatin, repaglinide, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	201-213	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	129-135
16323003-10	2006	CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In insulin-resistant, non-diabetic adults, pioglitazone increases NEFA clearance during physiological hyperinsulinaemia, whereas improved insulin sensitivity achieved by diet/exercise does not alter NEFA clearance but enhances insulin suppression of NEFA release.	Pioglitazone	71-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-38
16323003-10	2006	CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In insulin-resistant, non-diabetic adults, pioglitazone increases NEFA clearance during physiological hyperinsulinaemia, whereas improved insulin sensitivity achieved by diet/exercise does not alter NEFA clearance but enhances insulin suppression of NEFA release.	Pioglitazone	71-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
16323003-10	2006	CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In insulin-resistant, non-diabetic adults, pioglitazone increases NEFA clearance during physiological hyperinsulinaemia, whereas improved insulin sensitivity achieved by diet/exercise does not alter NEFA clearance but enhances insulin suppression of NEFA release.	Pioglitazone	71-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
16367880-1	2006	AIM: Pioglitazone (PIO) has been shown to decrease insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes, resulting in lowered blood glucose concentrations, lowered plasma insulin levels and lowered haemoglobin A1C (A1C) values.	Pioglitazone	5-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
16367880-1	2006	AIM: Pioglitazone (PIO) has been shown to decrease insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes, resulting in lowered blood glucose concentrations, lowered plasma insulin levels and lowered haemoglobin A1C (A1C) values.	Pioglitazone	5-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	170-177
16367880-1	2006	AIM: Pioglitazone (PIO) has been shown to decrease insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes, resulting in lowered blood glucose concentrations, lowered plasma insulin levels and lowered haemoglobin A1C (A1C) values.	Pioglitazone	19-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
16367880-1	2006	AIM: Pioglitazone (PIO) has been shown to decrease insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes, resulting in lowered blood glucose concentrations, lowered plasma insulin levels and lowered haemoglobin A1C (A1C) values.	Pioglitazone	19-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	170-177
16373904-8	2006	Insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, eNOS, and leptin at follow-up were significantly reduced in the pioglitazone group compared with the control group.	Pioglitazone	125-137	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
16373904-8	2006	Insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, eNOS, and leptin at follow-up were significantly reduced in the pioglitazone group compared with the control group.	Pioglitazone	125-137	insulin	Homo sapiens	41-48
16398569-1	2006	Pioglitazone is an antihyperglycaemic agent that, in the presence of insulin resistance, increases hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity, thereby inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and increasing peripheral and splanchnic glucose uptake.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	69-76
16398569-1	2006	Pioglitazone is an antihyperglycaemic agent that, in the presence of insulin resistance, increases hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity, thereby inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and increasing peripheral and splanchnic glucose uptake.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	122-129
16398569-3	2006	In clinical trials in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, pioglitazone as monotherapy, or in combination with metformin, repaglinide, insulin or a sulphonylurea, induced both long- and short-term improvements in glycaemic control and serum lipid profiles.	Pioglitazone	62-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	138-145
16328104-7	2006	The improvement of colitis by pioglitazone was associated with decreased colonic interleukin-6, and phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 levels.	Pioglitazone	30-42	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	81-94
16118250-5	2006	In contrast, the increased plasma levels of adiponectin in response to pioglitazone were not associated with increased adiponectin expression in adipose tissue.	Pioglitazone	71-83	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	44-55
16118250-8	2006	These data suggest that pioglitazone increases plasma adiponectin levels by posttranscriptional regulation in contrast to transcriptional regulation of adiponectin in relation to insulin sensitivity in NGT vs. IGT subjects.	Pioglitazone	24-36	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	54-65
16684669-0	2006	Interleukin-6 and oxidative stress in plasma of alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits after pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	87-99	interleukin-6	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-13
16684669-6	2006	In the present study, the changes in some markers of enhanced oxidative stress and in the level of pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) were examined in plasma of diabetic rabbits after 4 and 8 weeks of pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	204-216	interleukin-6	Oryctolagus cuniculus	131-135
16684669-8	2006	Protein carbonyl groups (PCG) content and IL-6 concentration were elevated in plasma of diabetic animals and significantly diminished after pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	140-152	interleukin-6	Oryctolagus cuniculus	42-46
16336518-2	2006	We hypothesized that pioglitazone treatment of FCH patients might increase insulin sensitivity, but may also improve serum lipid levels, body fat distribution, intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) and endothelial function.	Pioglitazone	21-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	75-82
16336518-7	2006	RESULTS: Pioglitazone improved insulin sensitivity (M value 37.7 +/- 3.6 micromol min(-1) kg(-1) vs. 33.0 +/- 3.3 micromol min(-1) kg(-1) during placebo, P &lt; 0.05) and LDL composition by increasing the K value (-0.11 +/- 0.06 vs. -0.20 +/- 0.06 during placebo, P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	9-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-38
16324916-2	2006	This pilot study examined the impact of simultaneous stimulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate with a beta-adrenergic agonist and PPARgamma with pioglitazone (PIO) on lipoprotein composition in moderately obese, healthy subjects.	Pioglitazone	149-161	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	134-143
24489530-5	2006	Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone (10 muM) increased pentose synthesis from [U-13C18]stearate by 127% and 185%, respectively, while PNU-91325 rather increased glutamate synthesis in the Krebs cycle by 113% as compared to control vehicle treated cells.	Pioglitazone	18-30	latexin	Homo sapiens	35-38
16677060-1	2006	Pioglitazone (Actos(trade mark)) is an antihyperglycemic agent that, in the presence of insulin resistance, increases hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity, thereby inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and increasing peripheral and splanchnic glucose uptake.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	88-95
16677060-1	2006	Pioglitazone (Actos(trade mark)) is an antihyperglycemic agent that, in the presence of insulin resistance, increases hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity, thereby inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and increasing peripheral and splanchnic glucose uptake.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	141-148
16677060-3	2006	In clinical trials in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, pioglitazone as monotherapy, or in combination with metformin, repaglinide, insulin, or a sulfonylurea, induced both long- and short-term improvements in glycemic control and serum lipid profiles.	Pioglitazone	62-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	138-145
17095862-8	2006	Multiple stepwise regression analysis disclosed that estimated glomerular filtration rate, pioglitazone therapy, gender differences, and systolic blood pressure were independently associated with HMW adiponectin levels (r = 0.56).	Pioglitazone	91-103	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	200-211
16364837-0	2005	Pioglitazone-induced insulin sensitization improves vascular endothelial function in nondiabetic patients with essential hypertension.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
16364837-8	2005	Six months after treatment with the insulin-sensitizing agent pioglitazone (30 mg/day), these examinations were repeated in all subjects.	Pioglitazone	62-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	36-43
16364837-14	2005	CONCLUSIONS: The present findings demonstrate that pioglitazone improves endothelial function in nondiabetic hypertensive individuals with insulin resistance, and that the improvement is associated with the amelioration of insulin resistance itself rather than that of hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia.	Pioglitazone	51-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
16364837-14	2005	CONCLUSIONS: The present findings demonstrate that pioglitazone improves endothelial function in nondiabetic hypertensive individuals with insulin resistance, and that the improvement is associated with the amelioration of insulin resistance itself rather than that of hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia.	Pioglitazone	51-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	223-230
16385225-2	2005	TNF-alpha is produced exclusively by the monocyte-macrophage lineage, including Kupffer cells, and pioglitazone has been shown to reduce TNF-alpha production from macrophages.	Pioglitazone	99-111	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	137-146
16385225-8	2005	In isolated Kupffer cells, the LPS-induced increase in [Ca]i and TNF-alpha production were suppressed by treated with pioglitazone CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, it is concluded that pioglitazone prevents LPS induced liver injury via a mechanism dependent on suppression of TNF-alpha production from Kupffer cells.	Pioglitazone	118-130	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
16385225-8	2005	In isolated Kupffer cells, the LPS-induced increase in [Ca]i and TNF-alpha production were suppressed by treated with pioglitazone CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, it is concluded that pioglitazone prevents LPS induced liver injury via a mechanism dependent on suppression of TNF-alpha production from Kupffer cells.	Pioglitazone	118-130	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	65-74
16385225-8	2005	In isolated Kupffer cells, the LPS-induced increase in [Ca]i and TNF-alpha production were suppressed by treated with pioglitazone CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, it is concluded that pioglitazone prevents LPS induced liver injury via a mechanism dependent on suppression of TNF-alpha production from Kupffer cells.	Pioglitazone	118-130	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	267-276
16385225-8	2005	In isolated Kupffer cells, the LPS-induced increase in [Ca]i and TNF-alpha production were suppressed by treated with pioglitazone CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, it is concluded that pioglitazone prevents LPS induced liver injury via a mechanism dependent on suppression of TNF-alpha production from Kupffer cells.	Pioglitazone	176-188	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
16385225-8	2005	In isolated Kupffer cells, the LPS-induced increase in [Ca]i and TNF-alpha production were suppressed by treated with pioglitazone CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, it is concluded that pioglitazone prevents LPS induced liver injury via a mechanism dependent on suppression of TNF-alpha production from Kupffer cells.	Pioglitazone	176-188	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	65-74
16385225-8	2005	In isolated Kupffer cells, the LPS-induced increase in [Ca]i and TNF-alpha production were suppressed by treated with pioglitazone CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, it is concluded that pioglitazone prevents LPS induced liver injury via a mechanism dependent on suppression of TNF-alpha production from Kupffer cells.	Pioglitazone	176-188	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	267-276
16283275-1	2005	OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to study the effects of gemfibrozil on the pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone and the active compounds, which are all the substrates of CYP2C8 and CYP3A4.	Pioglitazone	92-104	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	163-169
16283275-1	2005	OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to study the effects of gemfibrozil on the pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone and the active compounds, which are all the substrates of CYP2C8 and CYP3A4.	Pioglitazone	92-104	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	174-180
16390779-5	2005	In the present study, we evaluated the effect of pioglitazone (30 mg/day for 2 months) on insulin response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), serum levels of androgens and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and pituitary gonadotropin response to GnRH stimulation in 15 obese PCOS women.	Pioglitazone	49-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	90-97
16390779-6	2005	We found a significant decrease in insulin response to the OGTT and also in total and free testosterone levels, an increase in SHBG and a reduction in the LH response to GnRH stimulation after pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	193-205	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
16390779-6	2005	We found a significant decrease in insulin response to the OGTT and also in total and free testosterone levels, an increase in SHBG and a reduction in the LH response to GnRH stimulation after pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	193-205	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	127-131
16306801-3	2005	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, not only improves insulin resistance and glycemic control but may also have additional beneficial vascular effects in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	16-25
16306801-3	2005	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, not only improves insulin resistance and glycemic control but may also have additional beneficial vascular effects in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
16306801-5	2005	We studied the effect of 4 weeks of pioglitazone treatment on endothelial function, metabolic changes, and C-reactive protein in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	36-48	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	107-125
16306801-10	2005	Pioglitazone treatment reduced insulin, FFA, and C-reactive protein concentrations compared with placebo (18.3 +/- 2.4 versus 14.8 +/- 2.1 mU/L, P = 0.03; 641 +/- 46 versus 542 +/- 33 mumol/L, P = 0.04; and 3.5 +/- 0.6 mg/L versus 2.6 +/- 0.5 mg/L, P = 0.01; respectively).	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-38
16306801-10	2005	Pioglitazone treatment reduced insulin, FFA, and C-reactive protein concentrations compared with placebo (18.3 +/- 2.4 versus 14.8 +/- 2.1 mU/L, P = 0.03; 641 +/- 46 versus 542 +/- 33 mumol/L, P = 0.04; and 3.5 +/- 0.6 mg/L versus 2.6 +/- 0.5 mg/L, P = 0.01; respectively).	Pioglitazone	0-12	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	49-67
16306807-2	2005	Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione and PPARgamma receptor agonist used in Type II diabetes treatment, has been shown to activate these kinase cascades.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	38-47
16150927-6	2005	The increased IL-10 levels in lung tissues after ovalbumin inhalation were further increased by the administration of rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, or AdPPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	133-145	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	14-19
16150927-6	2005	The increased IL-10 levels in lung tissues after ovalbumin inhalation were further increased by the administration of rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, or AdPPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	133-145	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	49-58
16328104-7	2006	The improvement of colitis by pioglitazone was associated with decreased colonic interleukin-6, and phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 levels.	Pioglitazone	30-42	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	108-158
16328104-8	2006	In vitro experiments revealed that culturing lamina propria mononuclear cells in the presence of pioglitazone down-regulated the production of interleukin-6.	Pioglitazone	97-109	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	143-156
16076946-8	2005	RESULTS: Peak GH and area under the curve for GH in pyridostigmine-GHRH tests and 24-h mean GH concentrations and pulsatile GH secretion significantly increased after pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	167-179	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	14-16
15886275-6	2005	High D-glucose induced nuclear binding of activator protein-1 (AP-1) to 140.8 +/- 10.9% (P &lt; 0.05), which was attenuated with L-805645 and pioglitazone to 82.3 +/- 14.4 (P &lt; 0.01 vs. high D-glucose) and 99.3 +/- 12.2% (P &lt; 0.05 vs. high D-glucose), respectively.	Pioglitazone	142-154	JunD proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	42-61
15886275-6	2005	High D-glucose induced nuclear binding of activator protein-1 (AP-1) to 140.8 +/- 10.9% (P &lt; 0.05), which was attenuated with L-805645 and pioglitazone to 82.3 +/- 14.4 (P &lt; 0.01 vs. high D-glucose) and 99.3 +/- 12.2% (P &lt; 0.05 vs. high D-glucose), respectively.	Pioglitazone	142-154	JunD proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	63-67
15886275-8	2005	L-805645 and pioglitazone reduced high d-glucose-induced fibronectin from 156.0 +/- 24.9 (P &lt; 0.05) to 81.9 +/- 16.0 and 57.4 +/- 12.7%, respectively (both P &lt; 0.01 vs. high D-glucose).	Pioglitazone	13-25	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	57-68
16076946-0	2005	Pioglitazone treatment increases spontaneous growth hormone (GH) secretion and stimulated GH levels in polycystic ovary syndrome.	Pioglitazone	0-12	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	45-59
16076946-0	2005	Pioglitazone treatment increases spontaneous growth hormone (GH) secretion and stimulated GH levels in polycystic ovary syndrome.	Pioglitazone	0-12	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	61-63
16076946-0	2005	Pioglitazone treatment increases spontaneous growth hormone (GH) secretion and stimulated GH levels in polycystic ovary syndrome.	Pioglitazone	0-12	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	90-92
16076946-3	2005	Decreased abdominal fat mass and improved insulin sensitivity during pioglitazone treatment may affect GH secretion.	Pioglitazone	69-81	insulin	Homo sapiens	42-49
16076946-3	2005	Decreased abdominal fat mass and improved insulin sensitivity during pioglitazone treatment may affect GH secretion.	Pioglitazone	69-81	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	103-105
16076946-4	2005	OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of pioglitazone on GH levels in PCOS.	Pioglitazone	71-83	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	87-89
16194192-0	2005	Pioglitazone protects against thrombosis in a mouse model of obesity and insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	73-80
16194192-8	2005	The pioglitazone protection was paralleled by significantly lower soluble P-selectin and platelet P-selectin expression providing evidence of an antiplatelet effect.	Pioglitazone	4-16	selectin, platelet	Mus musculus	74-84
16194192-8	2005	The pioglitazone protection was paralleled by significantly lower soluble P-selectin and platelet P-selectin expression providing evidence of an antiplatelet effect.	Pioglitazone	4-16	selectin, platelet	Mus musculus	98-108
16194192-9	2005	CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that pioglitazone treatment provides protection against arterial thrombosis in an obese, insulin resistant, prothrombotic mouse model.	Pioglitazone	30-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	114-121
16207627-4	2005	RESULTS: HbA1c improved in both treatment arms (pioglitazone: 7.52 +/- 0.85% to 6.71 +/- 0.89%, p &lt; .0001; glimepiride: 7.44 +/- 0.89% to 6.83 +/- 0.85%, p &lt; .0001).	Pioglitazone	48-60	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	9-13
16207627-5	2005	Insulin-resistance decreased significantly in the pioglitazone group (6.15 +/- 4.05 to 3.85 +/- 1.92, p &lt; .0001) and remained unchanged in the glimepiride group.	Pioglitazone	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
16266488-8	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Activating PPARgamma in VSMCs, pioglitazone may play a role in anti atherosclerosis.	Pioglitazone	44-56	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	24-33
16219007-2	2005	Thiazolidinediones such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone enhance insulin-mediated glucose disposal, leading to reduced plasma insulin concentrations.	Pioglitazone	45-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
16219007-2	2005	Thiazolidinediones such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone enhance insulin-mediated glucose disposal, leading to reduced plasma insulin concentrations.	Pioglitazone	45-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	127-134
16219011-2	2005	Metformin and thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone and rosiglitazone) counter insulin resistance by different cellular mechanisms and with complementary effects, making them suited for use in combination.	Pioglitazone	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
16131582-9	2005	Both rosiglitazone and pioglitazone abolished insulin-dependent stimulation of estradiol production in the presence of FSH.	Pioglitazone	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
16131582-10	2005	Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone inhibited testosterone production by 10% (P &lt; 0.012) and 15% (P &lt; 0.023), respectively, and abolished insulin-induced stimulation of testosterone production.	Pioglitazone	18-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
16131582-11	2005	In the absence of insulin, pioglitazone or rosiglitazone stimulated IGFBP-1 production up to 160% (P &lt; 0.001) and 125% (P &lt; 0.036) of baseline, respectively.	Pioglitazone	27-39	insulin like growth factor binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	68-75
16131582-12	2005	Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone enhanced insulin-induced inhibition of IGFBP-1 production by 13% and 20%, respectively (P &lt; 0.001).	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	40-47
16131582-12	2005	Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone enhanced insulin-induced inhibition of IGFBP-1 production by 13% and 20%, respectively (P &lt; 0.001).	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin like growth factor binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	70-77
16402538-5	2005	The requirement of insulin was reduced by almost 50% in the pioglitazone group as compared to the placebo group.	Pioglitazone	60-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
16402538-7	2005	In conclusion, in patients with type 2 diabetes who are at high cardiovascular risk, pioglitazone improves cardiovascular outcome, and reduces the need to add insulin to glucose-lowering regimens compared to placebo.	Pioglitazone	85-97	insulin	Homo sapiens	159-166
16419161-0	2005	Pioglitazone, a specific ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, protects pancreas against acute cerulein-induced pancreatitis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	35-83
16419161-1	2005	AIM: To determine the effect of pioglitazone, a specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) ligand, on the development of acute pancreatitis (AP) and on the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the pancreas.	Pioglitazone	32-44	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	57-105
16419161-1	2005	AIM: To determine the effect of pioglitazone, a specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) ligand, on the development of acute pancreatitis (AP) and on the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the pancreas.	Pioglitazone	32-44	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	107-116
16419161-7	2005	CIP increased pancreatic HSP70 mRNA and protein expression in the pancreas and this effect was enhanced by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	107-119	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	25-30
16419161-8	2005	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone attenuates CIP and the beneficial effect of this pioglitazone is multifactorial probably due to its anti-inflammatory activities, to the suppression of IL-1beta and to the overexpression of HSP70.	Pioglitazone	12-24	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	177-185
16419161-8	2005	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone attenuates CIP and the beneficial effect of this pioglitazone is multifactorial probably due to its anti-inflammatory activities, to the suppression of IL-1beta and to the overexpression of HSP70.	Pioglitazone	12-24	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	215-220
16419161-8	2005	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone attenuates CIP and the beneficial effect of this pioglitazone is multifactorial probably due to its anti-inflammatory activities, to the suppression of IL-1beta and to the overexpression of HSP70.	Pioglitazone	74-86	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	177-185
16419161-8	2005	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone attenuates CIP and the beneficial effect of this pioglitazone is multifactorial probably due to its anti-inflammatory activities, to the suppression of IL-1beta and to the overexpression of HSP70.	Pioglitazone	74-86	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	215-220
16210596-0	2005	Proinflammatory stimulation and pioglitazone treatment regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy controls and multiple sclerosis patients.	Pioglitazone	32-44	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	64-112
16210596-6	2005	PHA stimulation of PBMCs from healthy controls resulted in a significant loss of PPAR-gamma, which was prevented by in vitro preincubation of the cells or in vivo by long-term oral medication with the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	220-232	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	81-91
16210596-6	2005	PHA stimulation of PBMCs from healthy controls resulted in a significant loss of PPAR-gamma, which was prevented by in vitro preincubation of the cells or in vivo by long-term oral medication with the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	220-232	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	201-211
16210596-7	2005	Differences in PPAR-gamma expression were accompanied by changes in PPAR-gamma DNA-binding activity, as preincubation with pioglitazone increased DNA binding of PPAR-gamma.	Pioglitazone	123-135	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	15-25
16210596-7	2005	Differences in PPAR-gamma expression were accompanied by changes in PPAR-gamma DNA-binding activity, as preincubation with pioglitazone increased DNA binding of PPAR-gamma.	Pioglitazone	123-135	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	68-78
16210596-7	2005	Differences in PPAR-gamma expression were accompanied by changes in PPAR-gamma DNA-binding activity, as preincubation with pioglitazone increased DNA binding of PPAR-gamma.	Pioglitazone	123-135	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	68-78
16076946-8	2005	RESULTS: Peak GH and area under the curve for GH in pyridostigmine-GHRH tests and 24-h mean GH concentrations and pulsatile GH secretion significantly increased after pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	167-179	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	46-48
16076946-8	2005	RESULTS: Peak GH and area under the curve for GH in pyridostigmine-GHRH tests and 24-h mean GH concentrations and pulsatile GH secretion significantly increased after pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	167-179	growth hormone releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	67-71
16076946-8	2005	RESULTS: Peak GH and area under the curve for GH in pyridostigmine-GHRH tests and 24-h mean GH concentrations and pulsatile GH secretion significantly increased after pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	167-179	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	46-48
16076946-8	2005	RESULTS: Peak GH and area under the curve for GH in pyridostigmine-GHRH tests and 24-h mean GH concentrations and pulsatile GH secretion significantly increased after pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	167-179	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	46-48
16076946-11	2005	Pioglitazone treatment significantly decreased fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment levels.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-62
16076946-13	2005	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased GHRH-stimulated GH levels and 24-h pulsatile GH secretion, probably directly or indirectly due to improved insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	12-24	growth hormone releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	59-63
16076946-13	2005	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased GHRH-stimulated GH levels and 24-h pulsatile GH secretion, probably directly or indirectly due to improved insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	12-24	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	59-61
16076946-13	2005	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased GHRH-stimulated GH levels and 24-h pulsatile GH secretion, probably directly or indirectly due to improved insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	12-24	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	75-77
16076946-13	2005	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased GHRH-stimulated GH levels and 24-h pulsatile GH secretion, probably directly or indirectly due to improved insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	166-173
16231594-7	2005	Two classes of drugs have been shown to correct insulin resistance: biguanides (e.g., metformin) and thiazolidinediones (e.g., rosiglitazone and pioglitazone).	Pioglitazone	145-157	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
16098929-9	2005	Thus, we believe that pioglitazone is effective for reactive hypoglycemia and aggravated glycemic metabolism associated with insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	22-34	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
15963471-5	2005	The present study studied the effects of three thiazolidinediones, troglitazone, pioglitazone and ciglitazone, on ENT1 in the human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs).	Pioglitazone	81-93	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	114-118
16170026-7	2005	The decreased glucose tolerance caused by PX-866 was insensitive to the AMP-activated protein kinase inhibitor metformin but reversed by insulin and by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activator pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	215-227	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	156-204
15990085-3	2005	In an endothelial cell line, Rosiglitazone (RG) and Pioglitazone (PG) inhibited induction of PAI-1 by TNFalpha.	Pioglitazone	52-64	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	93-98
15990085-3	2005	In an endothelial cell line, Rosiglitazone (RG) and Pioglitazone (PG) inhibited induction of PAI-1 by TNFalpha.	Pioglitazone	52-64	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	102-110
15990085-3	2005	In an endothelial cell line, Rosiglitazone (RG) and Pioglitazone (PG) inhibited induction of PAI-1 by TNFalpha.	Pioglitazone	66-68	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	93-98
15990085-3	2005	In an endothelial cell line, Rosiglitazone (RG) and Pioglitazone (PG) inhibited induction of PAI-1 by TNFalpha.	Pioglitazone	66-68	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	102-110
15993383-6	2005	Treatment of ZDF rats with PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone decreased serum glucose and VEGF (both p &lt;0.01).	Pioglitazone	45-57	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	27-36
15993383-6	2005	Treatment of ZDF rats with PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone decreased serum glucose and VEGF (both p &lt;0.01).	Pioglitazone	45-57	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	86-90
16039276-0	2005	Pioglitazone increases the fractional catabolic and production rates of high-density lipoproteins apo AI in the New Zealand White Rabbit.	Pioglitazone	0-12	apolipoprotein A-I	Oryctolagus cuniculus	98-104
16039276-1	2005	Pioglitazone is an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) that raises HDL-cholesterol plasma in humans.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	34-82
16039276-1	2005	Pioglitazone is an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) that raises HDL-cholesterol plasma in humans.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	84-93
16039276-2	2005	Whether pioglitazone-mediated modifications in HDL-apolipoprotein AI (apo AI) turnover in vivo contribute to this effect has not been completely elucidated.	Pioglitazone	8-20	apolipoprotein A-I	Oryctolagus cuniculus	47-68
16039276-2	2005	Whether pioglitazone-mediated modifications in HDL-apolipoprotein AI (apo AI) turnover in vivo contribute to this effect has not been completely elucidated.	Pioglitazone	8-20	apolipoprotein A-I	Oryctolagus cuniculus	70-76
16039276-5	2005	Consequently, apo AI plasma levels in pioglitazone-treated animals were similar to those of controls.	Pioglitazone	38-50	apolipoprotein A-I	Oryctolagus cuniculus	14-20
16039276-7	2005	Our data demonstrate that pioglitazone markedly modifies apo AI kinetics and enhances the proportion of small HDL3c particles, despite the unchanged apo AI concentration.	Pioglitazone	26-38	apolipoprotein A-I	Oryctolagus cuniculus	57-63
16026380-0	2005	Long-term effects of pioglitazone and metformin on insulin sensitivity in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	21-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
16026380-1	2005	AIM: Despite their comparable glycaemic effects in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), pioglitazone and metformin may have different effects on insulin sensitivity because they have different mechanisms of action.	Pioglitazone	98-110	insulin	Homo sapiens	155-162
16026380-2	2005	We studied the changes in insulin sensitivity, as assessed by the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), in patients with T2DM who used metformin or pioglitazone as monotherapy or in combination therapy with sulphonylurea.	Pioglitazone	165-177	insulin	Homo sapiens	26-33
16026380-9	2005	Pioglitazone increased insulin sensitivity more than metformin from week 4 through week 52.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	23-30
16026380-11	2005	Overall, pioglitazone + sulphonylurea significantly increased insulin sensitivity more than metformin + sulphonylurea.	Pioglitazone	9-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	62-69
16026380-12	2005	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone differed from metformin in its effects on insulin sensitivity despite both drugs having comparable glycaemic effects.	Pioglitazone	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
16046295-0	2005	Expression of CD68 and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 genes in human adipose and muscle tissues: association with cytokine expression, insulin resistance, and reduction by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	178-190	CD68 molecule	Homo sapiens	14-18
16046295-0	2005	Expression of CD68 and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 genes in human adipose and muscle tissues: association with cytokine expression, insulin resistance, and reduction by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	178-190	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	23-59
16046295-7	2005	Pioglitazone increased S(I) by 60% and in the same subjects reduced both CD68 and MCP-1 mRNAs by &gt;50%.	Pioglitazone	0-12	CD68 molecule	Homo sapiens	73-77
16046295-7	2005	Pioglitazone increased S(I) by 60% and in the same subjects reduced both CD68 and MCP-1 mRNAs by &gt;50%.	Pioglitazone	0-12	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	82-87
16046295-8	2005	Furthermore, pioglitazone resulted in a reduction in the number of CD68-positive cells in adipose tissue and reduced plasma TNF-alpha.	Pioglitazone	13-25	CD68 molecule	Homo sapiens	67-71
16046295-8	2005	Furthermore, pioglitazone resulted in a reduction in the number of CD68-positive cells in adipose tissue and reduced plasma TNF-alpha.	Pioglitazone	13-25	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	124-133
16046295-10	2005	Thus, treatment with pioglitazone reduces expression of CD68 and MCP-1 in adipose tissue, apparently by reducing macrophage numbers, resulting in reduced inflammatory cytokine production and improvement in S(I).	Pioglitazone	21-33	CD68 molecule	Homo sapiens	56-60
16046295-10	2005	Thus, treatment with pioglitazone reduces expression of CD68 and MCP-1 in adipose tissue, apparently by reducing macrophage numbers, resulting in reduced inflammatory cytokine production and improvement in S(I).	Pioglitazone	21-33	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	65-70
16038777-4	2005	Synthetic PPARgamma ligands, troglitazone or pioglitazone, suppressed cellular proliferation without inducing apoptosis and delayed maturation of ECFCs, as determined by flow cytometry.	Pioglitazone	45-57	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	10-19
16085455-0	2005	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, pioglitazone, inhibits fat accumulation and fibrosis in the livers of rats fed a choline-deficient, l-amino acid-defined diet.	Pioglitazone	62-74	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	4-52
16085455-2	2005	The aim of this study was to evaluate if a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist, pioglitazone (PGZ), could ameliorate CDAA diet-induced fatty liver and cirrhosis.	Pioglitazone	108-120	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	43-98
16085455-2	2005	The aim of this study was to evaluate if a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist, pioglitazone (PGZ), could ameliorate CDAA diet-induced fatty liver and cirrhosis.	Pioglitazone	122-125	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	43-98
16085455-6	2005	In the 2-week model, rats treated with PGZ for 1 week demonstrated significantly lower hepatic triglyceride content and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.	Pioglitazone	39-42	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	136-163
16085455-7	2005	In the 16-week model, treatment for 4 weeks with PGZ ameliorated hepatic fibrosis with a decrease in the expression of procollagen, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and transforming growth factor-beta1 in comparison to rats without PGZ.	Pioglitazone	49-52	actin gamma 2, smooth muscle	Rattus norvegicus	132-195
16138265-7	2005	In conclusion, treatment with pioglitazone resulted in an improvement of markers for insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction, independent from blood glucose control.	Pioglitazone	30-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	85-92
16157982-0	2005	Markedly improved glycemic control and enhanced insulin sensitivity in a patient with type 2 diabetes complicated by a suprasellar tumor treated with pioglitazone and metformin.	Pioglitazone	150-162	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
16051682-0	2005	Growth dynamics of human leiomyoma cells and inhibitory effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand, pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	128-140	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	71-119
16210596-9	2005	In MS patients, pioglitazone-induced increase in PPAR-gamma DNA-binding activity and decrease in NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity was only observed in the absence of an acute MS relapse.	Pioglitazone	16-28	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	49-59
16101410-2	2005	The physiological effects of several marketed drugs for the treatment of dyslipidemia (fenofibrate and gemfibrozil) and diabetes (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) have now been shown to be mediated through PPARalpha and PPARgamma respectively.	Pioglitazone	148-160	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	205-214
16101410-2	2005	The physiological effects of several marketed drugs for the treatment of dyslipidemia (fenofibrate and gemfibrozil) and diabetes (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) have now been shown to be mediated through PPARalpha and PPARgamma respectively.	Pioglitazone	148-160	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	219-228
16053992-6	2005	Six months after treatment with pioglitazone (30 mg/day), an insulin sensitizer, these examinations were repeated.	Pioglitazone	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
16053992-10	2005	Pioglitazone treatment significantly elevated plasma adiponectin and MMP-2 levels, and the increase in MMP-2 was positively correlated with the increase in adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	53-64
16053992-10	2005	Pioglitazone treatment significantly elevated plasma adiponectin and MMP-2 levels, and the increase in MMP-2 was positively correlated with the increase in adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	69-74
16053992-10	2005	Pioglitazone treatment significantly elevated plasma adiponectin and MMP-2 levels, and the increase in MMP-2 was positively correlated with the increase in adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	156-167
16053992-11	2005	CONCLUSIONS: The present findings demonstrate that pioglitazone improves LV diastolic function without LV mass regression in hypertensive patients in proportion to the amelioration of insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	51-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	184-191
16053992-12	2005	These findings suggest that increased adiponectin and MMP may be involved in the beneficial effect of pioglitazone on diastolic function.	Pioglitazone	102-114	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	38-49
16029218-0	2005	The intracerebral application of the PPARgamma-ligand pioglitazone confers neuroprotection against focal ischaemia in the rat brain.	Pioglitazone	54-66	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	37-46
16029218-2	2005	application of pioglitazone, a selective ligand of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) in the rat brain after ischaemia.	Pioglitazone	15-27	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	55-103
16029218-2	2005	application of pioglitazone, a selective ligand of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) in the rat brain after ischaemia.	Pioglitazone	15-27	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	105-114
15953354-8	2005	These experiments revealed that 24(S)OH-cholesterol (a LXR agonist), bezafibrate (a PPARalpha agonist), or pioglitazone (a PPARgamma agonist) resulted in down-regulation of EL mRNA and protein levels.	Pioglitazone	107-119	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	84-93
15953354-8	2005	These experiments revealed that 24(S)OH-cholesterol (a LXR agonist), bezafibrate (a PPARalpha agonist), or pioglitazone (a PPARgamma agonist) resulted in down-regulation of EL mRNA and protein levels.	Pioglitazone	107-119	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	123-132
15953354-8	2005	These experiments revealed that 24(S)OH-cholesterol (a LXR agonist), bezafibrate (a PPARalpha agonist), or pioglitazone (a PPARgamma agonist) resulted in down-regulation of EL mRNA and protein levels.	Pioglitazone	107-119	lipase G, endothelial type	Homo sapiens	173-175
16080818-10	2005	(2) In a dose-dependent manner, the expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 were depressed, while the expression of Bcl-2, PPARgamma protein and PPARgamma mRNA were enhanced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	170-182	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
16080818-10	2005	(2) In a dose-dependent manner, the expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 were depressed, while the expression of Bcl-2, PPARgamma protein and PPARgamma mRNA were enhanced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	170-182	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	59-68
16080818-10	2005	(2) In a dose-dependent manner, the expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 were depressed, while the expression of Bcl-2, PPARgamma protein and PPARgamma mRNA were enhanced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	170-182	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	109-114
16080818-10	2005	(2) In a dose-dependent manner, the expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 were depressed, while the expression of Bcl-2, PPARgamma protein and PPARgamma mRNA were enhanced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	170-182	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	116-125
16080818-10	2005	(2) In a dose-dependent manner, the expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 were depressed, while the expression of Bcl-2, PPARgamma protein and PPARgamma mRNA were enhanced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	170-182	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	138-147
16080818-13	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone could protect the heart from I/R injury evidenced by the improvement in the expression of PPARgamma at the levels of protein and mRNA after pioglitazone administrated, and by the decrease in the apoptotic cardiomyocytes.	Pioglitazone	13-25	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	116-125
16080818-13	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone could protect the heart from I/R injury evidenced by the improvement in the expression of PPARgamma at the levels of protein and mRNA after pioglitazone administrated, and by the decrease in the apoptotic cardiomyocytes.	Pioglitazone	166-178	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	116-125
15764598-2	2005	Thiazolidinediones, such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, are other hypoglycemic agents that effectively improve peripheral insulin resistance through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	28-40	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	167-215
15764598-2	2005	Thiazolidinediones, such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, are other hypoglycemic agents that effectively improve peripheral insulin resistance through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	28-40	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	217-226
15691842-5	2005	The addition of the PPARgamma ligand pioglitazone results in dissociation of the PPARgamma-corepressor complex.	Pioglitazone	37-49	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	20-29
15842776-1	2005	AIM: To investigate the effect of the peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist, pioglitazone, on insulin resistance in low-dose streptozotocin and high sucrose-fat diet induced obese rats.	Pioglitazone	103-115	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	38-93
15632102-0	2005	Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity through reduction in muscle lipid and redistribution of lipid into adipose tissue.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
15632102-2	2005	This study was designed to determine whether the insulin sensitizer drugs pioglitazone and metformin would improve glucose intolerance and insulin sensitivity by decreasing IMCL.	Pioglitazone	74-86	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
15632102-7	2005	With pioglitazone treatment, there was a 65% increase in insulin sensitivity along with a 34% decrease in IMCL (both P &lt; or = 0.002).	Pioglitazone	5-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	57-64
15900286-1	2005	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The thiazolidinedione antidiabetic drug pioglitazone is metabolized mainly by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8 and CYP3A4 in vitro.	Pioglitazone	66-78	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	104-129
15900286-1	2005	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The thiazolidinedione antidiabetic drug pioglitazone is metabolized mainly by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8 and CYP3A4 in vitro.	Pioglitazone	66-78	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	134-140
15900286-11	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Gemfibrozil elevates the plasma concentrations of pioglitazone, probably by inhibition of its CYP2C8-mediated metabolism.	Pioglitazone	63-75	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	107-113
15900286-12	2005	CYP2C8 appears to be of major importance and CYP3A4 of minor importance in pioglitazone metabolism in vivo in humans.	Pioglitazone	75-87	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	0-6
15900286-12	2005	CYP2C8 appears to be of major importance and CYP3A4 of minor importance in pioglitazone metabolism in vivo in humans.	Pioglitazone	75-87	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	45-51
15978304-19	2005	CONCLUSION: Adding pioglitazone to insulin in these study patients with type 2 DM whose disease was inadequately controlled with insulin monotherapy further improved their glycemic control.	Pioglitazone	19-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	129-136
15855325-5	2005	Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased mitochondrial copy number and expression of factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma coactivator-1alpha and mitochondrial transcription factor A.	Pioglitazone	0-12	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	147-221
15855325-5	2005	Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased mitochondrial copy number and expression of factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma coactivator-1alpha and mitochondrial transcription factor A.	Pioglitazone	0-12	transcription factor A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	226-262
15855325-6	2005	Treatment with pioglitazone stimulated the expression of genes in the fatty acid oxidation pathway, including carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase, and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.	Pioglitazone	15-27	malonyl-CoA decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	144-169
15855325-6	2005	Treatment with pioglitazone stimulated the expression of genes in the fatty acid oxidation pathway, including carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase, and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.	Pioglitazone	15-27	acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain	Homo sapiens	175-210
15855325-7	2005	The expression of PPAR-alpha, a transcriptional regulator of genes encoding mitochondrial enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation, was higher after pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	149-161	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	18-28
15855580-2	2005	We sought to determine whether pioglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist, improves cardiac endothelial function in individuals with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
15855580-15	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone treatment for 12 weeks in subjects with insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes had no demonstrable effect on coronary flow reserve despite metabolic improvements.	Pioglitazone	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
15841215-3	2005	We studied the effects of pioglitazone (Pio), a PPARgamma agonist that improves insulin sensitivity, on lipoprotein metabolism in patients with T2DM.	Pioglitazone	26-38	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	48-57
15737646-0	2005	Pioglitazone reverses down-regulation of cardiac PPARgamma expression in Zucker diabetic fatty rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	49-58
15737646-3	2005	Therefore, we analyzed cardiac gene expression, metabolic control, and cardiac glucose uptake in male Zucker diabetic fatty rats (ZDF fa/fa) and lean ZDF rats (+/+) treated with the high affinity PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone or placebo from 12 to 24 weeks of age.	Pioglitazone	214-226	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	196-205
15737646-5	2005	Pioglitazone increased body weight and improved metabolic control, cardiac PPARgamma, glut-4, and alpha-MHC expression levels in diabetic ZDF rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	75-84
15737646-5	2005	Pioglitazone increased body weight and improved metabolic control, cardiac PPARgamma, glut-4, and alpha-MHC expression levels in diabetic ZDF rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	86-92
15916743-7	2005	TZD PPARgamma ligands inhibited RCC cell growth in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 7.08 micromol/L and 11.32 micromol/L for pioglitazone, and 5.71 micromol/L and 8.38 micromol/L for troglitazone in 786-O and A498 cells, respectively.	Pioglitazone	136-148	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-13
15817521-0	2005	Acute treatment with the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone and ibuprofen reduces glial inflammation and Abeta1-42 levels in APPV717I transgenic mice.	Pioglitazone	43-55	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	25-34
15817521-5	2005	We report that an acute 7 day oral treatment of 10-month-old APPV717I mice with the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone or the NSAID ibuprofen resulted in a reduction in the number of activated microglia and reactive astrocytes in the hippocampus and cortex.	Pioglitazone	102-114	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	84-93
15817521-7	2005	In parallel to the suppression of inflammatory markers, pioglitazone and ibuprofen treatment decreased beta-secretase-1 (BACE1) mRNA and protein levels.	Pioglitazone	56-68	beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1	Mus musculus	103-119
15817521-7	2005	In parallel to the suppression of inflammatory markers, pioglitazone and ibuprofen treatment decreased beta-secretase-1 (BACE1) mRNA and protein levels.	Pioglitazone	56-68	beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1	Mus musculus	121-126
16054559-0	2005	Pioglitazone attenuates TGF-beta(1)-induction of fibronectin synthesis and its splicing variant in human mesangial cells via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	24-35
16054559-0	2005	Pioglitazone attenuates TGF-beta(1)-induction of fibronectin synthesis and its splicing variant in human mesangial cells via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	49-60
16054559-0	2005	Pioglitazone attenuates TGF-beta(1)-induction of fibronectin synthesis and its splicing variant in human mesangial cells via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	183-193
16054559-4	2005	In this study, we examined the effects of pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, on TGF-beta(1)-induced FN synthesis in cultured mesangial cells using RT-PCR and Western blot analysis.	Pioglitazone	42-54	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	58-67
16054559-4	2005	In this study, we examined the effects of pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, on TGF-beta(1)-induced FN synthesis in cultured mesangial cells using RT-PCR and Western blot analysis.	Pioglitazone	42-54	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	80-91
16054559-7	2005	Pioglitazone reversed both these effects of TGF-beta(1).	Pioglitazone	0-12	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	44-55
16054559-8	2005	These findings suggest that PPARgamma activation by pioglitazone may affect the TGF-beta(1)-induced FN accumulation observed in the glomerular mesangium in cases of glomerulosclerosis, although further in vivo experiments are needed to evaluate this inference.	Pioglitazone	52-64	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	28-37
16054559-8	2005	These findings suggest that PPARgamma activation by pioglitazone may affect the TGF-beta(1)-induced FN accumulation observed in the glomerular mesangium in cases of glomerulosclerosis, although further in vivo experiments are needed to evaluate this inference.	Pioglitazone	52-64	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	80-91
16006730-4	2005	With regard to the type of therapy, the BNP levels were significantly lower in the combinations of both sulfonylurea and metformin and sulfonylurea and pioglitazone than those in insulin alone.	Pioglitazone	152-164	natriuretic peptide B	Homo sapiens	40-43
16006733-0	2005	Relationship between plasma hANP level and pretibial edema by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	62-74	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	28-32
16006733-5	2005	We investigated whether pioglitazone correlates with the level of plasma human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP), a marker for congestive heart failure.	Pioglitazone	24-36	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	107-111
16006733-8	2005	We therefore suspect that pretibial edema appearing after administration of low-doses of pioglitazone coincides with the level of plasma hANP, and that the appearance of pretibial edema may reflect an increase in circulating blood volume induced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	89-101	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	137-141
16334613-0	2005	Insulin resistance index as a predictor for pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	44-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
16334613-2	2005	The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether insulin resistance index, homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR) is a useful predictor of hypoglycemic effect of pioglitazone in comparison with body mass index (BMI).	Pioglitazone	179-191	insulin	Homo sapiens	60-67
15883215-6	2005	Insulin resistance was also improved only in the pioglitazone group (homeostasis model assessment, -2.2+/-3.4 versus -0.3+/-3.3; P&lt;0.0001 between groups).	Pioglitazone	49-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
15691842-5	2005	The addition of the PPARgamma ligand pioglitazone results in dissociation of the PPARgamma-corepressor complex.	Pioglitazone	37-49	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	81-90
15662020-4	2005	In contrast, the synthetic PPARgamma ligand pioglitazone weakly induced RORalpha4 expression but did not affect RORalpha1 expression or TNF-alpha-induced gene expression.	Pioglitazone	44-56	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	27-36
15738655-6	2005	However, PC3, an androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cell line with deletion of p53 showed an appreciable post-transcriptional induction of p21 expression after treatment with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	177-189	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Homo sapiens	9-12
15769458-0	2005	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, restores endothelial function in aorta of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	16-25
15769458-1	2005	OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of pioglitazone (a PPAR gamma agonist) treatment on blood pressure, endothelial function, and oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.	Pioglitazone	34-46	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
15738655-0	2005	The PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone post-transcriptionally induces p21 in PC3 prostate cancer but not in other cell lines.	Pioglitazone	23-35	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-14
15738655-0	2005	The PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone post-transcriptionally induces p21 in PC3 prostate cancer but not in other cell lines.	Pioglitazone	23-35	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	67-70
15738655-1	2005	The anti-diabetic thiozolidinedione compound pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, has been found to have growth inhibitory effects in some cancer cells.	Pioglitazone	45-57	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	61-109
15738655-1	2005	The anti-diabetic thiozolidinedione compound pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, has been found to have growth inhibitory effects in some cancer cells.	Pioglitazone	45-57	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	111-121
15738655-3	2005	In this study, we evaluated the effect of pioglitazone on p53 and p21 expression in various cancer cell lines with different p53 status.	Pioglitazone	42-54	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	58-61
15738655-3	2005	In this study, we evaluated the effect of pioglitazone on p53 and p21 expression in various cancer cell lines with different p53 status.	Pioglitazone	42-54	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	66-69
15738655-5	2005	Also, none of the cell lines exhibited p53-dependent or independent transcriptional induction of p21(WAF1/CIP1) by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	115-127	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	97-100
15644405-0	2005	Luteinizing hormone secretion is not influenced by insulin infusion in women with polycystic ovary syndrome despite improved insulin sensitivity during pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	152-164	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
15763342-7	2005	Both albumin synthesis rate and ammonia removal rate improved for HepG2/tk incubated with FR228 and pioglitazone for 3 days, which induced nuclear transport of p21.	Pioglitazone	100-112	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	160-163
15798955-7	2005	Cotreatment of pioglitazone (PIO) or allopurinol (ALL) with L-NAME restored plasma adiponectin concentration and fat adiponectin mRNA levels to control levels.	Pioglitazone	15-27	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	83-94
15798955-7	2005	Cotreatment of pioglitazone (PIO) or allopurinol (ALL) with L-NAME restored plasma adiponectin concentration and fat adiponectin mRNA levels to control levels.	Pioglitazone	15-27	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	117-128
15798955-7	2005	Cotreatment of pioglitazone (PIO) or allopurinol (ALL) with L-NAME restored plasma adiponectin concentration and fat adiponectin mRNA levels to control levels.	Pioglitazone	29-32	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	83-94
15798955-7	2005	Cotreatment of pioglitazone (PIO) or allopurinol (ALL) with L-NAME restored plasma adiponectin concentration and fat adiponectin mRNA levels to control levels.	Pioglitazone	29-32	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	117-128
15798962-8	2005	A similar tendency was observed during treatment with pioglitazone (AST, -4.7%; ALT, -16.4%; gamma-GTP, -30.8%).	Pioglitazone	54-66	inactive glutathione hydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	93-102
15828239-3	2005	In cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells, Rho kinase activated by angiotensin II was suppressed by the pretreatment with pioglitazone and troglitazone.	Pioglitazone	123-135	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	68-82
15828239-5	2005	Both pioglitazone and troglitazone upregulated SHP-2, particularly in the cytosolic fraction, and the SHP-2-bound Vav, and reduced the phosphorylation of Vav.	Pioglitazone	5-17	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11	Rattus norvegicus	47-52
15828239-5	2005	Both pioglitazone and troglitazone upregulated SHP-2, particularly in the cytosolic fraction, and the SHP-2-bound Vav, and reduced the phosphorylation of Vav.	Pioglitazone	5-17	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11	Rattus norvegicus	102-107
15828239-5	2005	Both pioglitazone and troglitazone upregulated SHP-2, particularly in the cytosolic fraction, and the SHP-2-bound Vav, and reduced the phosphorylation of Vav.	Pioglitazone	5-17	vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	154-157
15912796-1	2005	We report beneficial effects of pioglitazone on insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus accompanied with myotonic dystrophy (DM1).	Pioglitazone	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
15912796-10	2005	Pioglitazone treatment is useful to improve insulin resistance and glucose control in DM1 patients with diabetes mellitus, especially patients with reactive hyperinsulinemia to glucose loading.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
15694373-5	2005	The maximum PPAR gamma activity enhancing effect of glimepiride is approximately 20% that of 1 microM pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	102-114	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	12-22
15738655-6	2005	However, PC3, an androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cell line with deletion of p53 showed an appreciable post-transcriptional induction of p21 expression after treatment with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	177-189	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	81-84
15738655-6	2005	However, PC3, an androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cell line with deletion of p53 showed an appreciable post-transcriptional induction of p21 expression after treatment with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	177-189	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	141-144
15704569-2	2005	The glitazones (pioglitazone, rosiglitazone) impact directly and selectively on the key problem of insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	16-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
15670761-2	2005	In the present study, we investigated the effects of ciglitazone and pioglitazone, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligands, on the VEGF release by FGF-2 in MC3T3-E1 cells.	Pioglitazone	69-81	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	161-165
15670761-2	2005	In the present study, we investigated the effects of ciglitazone and pioglitazone, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligands, on the VEGF release by FGF-2 in MC3T3-E1 cells.	Pioglitazone	69-81	fibroblast growth factor 2	Mus musculus	177-182
15670761-5	2005	Pioglitazone had a similar effect on the VEGF release.	Pioglitazone	0-12	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	41-45
15670761-6	2005	GW9662, an antagonist of PPAR-gamma, reduced the effects of ciglitazone and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	76-88	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	25-35
15670761-7	2005	Ciglitazone or pioglitazone markedly enhanced the phosphorylation of SAPK/JNK induced by FGF-2 without affecting both the FGF-2-induced phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase and p38 MAP kinase.	Pioglitazone	15-27	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	74-77
15670761-7	2005	Ciglitazone or pioglitazone markedly enhanced the phosphorylation of SAPK/JNK induced by FGF-2 without affecting both the FGF-2-induced phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase and p38 MAP kinase.	Pioglitazone	15-27	fibroblast growth factor 2	Mus musculus	89-94
15670761-7	2005	Ciglitazone or pioglitazone markedly enhanced the phosphorylation of SAPK/JNK induced by FGF-2 without affecting both the FGF-2-induced phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase and p38 MAP kinase.	Pioglitazone	15-27	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	178-181
15721857-3	2005	Thiazolidinediones (TZDs, i.e. rosiglitazone, pioglitazone), which are synthetic PPAR-gamma agonists, act as insulin sensitizers and are used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	46-58	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	81-91
15721871-9	2005	Pioglitazone feeding also upregulated the aortic expression of cNOS and thrombomodulin; both are considered important factors in platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in vivo.	Pioglitazone	0-12	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	63-67
15721871-9	2005	Pioglitazone feeding also upregulated the aortic expression of cNOS and thrombomodulin; both are considered important factors in platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in vivo.	Pioglitazone	0-12	thrombomodulin	Rattus norvegicus	72-86
15721871-11	2005	CONCLUSION: These results indicate that pioglitazone administration decreases platelet aggregation and delays intra-arterial thrombus formation in rats, at least partially, by an increase in the expression of cNOS and thrombomodulin.	Pioglitazone	40-52	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	209-213
15721871-11	2005	CONCLUSION: These results indicate that pioglitazone administration decreases platelet aggregation and delays intra-arterial thrombus formation in rats, at least partially, by an increase in the expression of cNOS and thrombomodulin.	Pioglitazone	40-52	thrombomodulin	Rattus norvegicus	218-232
15714423-2	2005	We found that the administration of pioglitazone, but not fenofibrate, improved insulin resistance, blood pressure, and lipid profile over a 12-month period.	Pioglitazone	36-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	80-87
15386821-7	2005	There was a decrease in fasting insulin in the pioglitazone group compared to an increase in the gliclazide group (p &lt; 0.001).	Pioglitazone	47-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
15734860-0	2005	Pioglitazone induces vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis through a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, transforming growth factor-beta1, and a Smad2-dependent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	69-151
15734860-0	2005	Pioglitazone induces vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis through a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, transforming growth factor-beta1, and a Smad2-dependent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	0-12	SMAD family member 2	Rattus norvegicus	159-164
15734860-3	2005	Pioglitazone at 100 micromol/l increased apoptosis without affecting DNA synthesis, and this effect was reversed by an anti-TGF-beta1 antibody.	Pioglitazone	0-12	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	124-133
15734860-4	2005	Extracellular TGF-beta1 levels were rapidly increased after treatment with pioglitazone in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma-dependent mechanism because this secretion was blocked by the PPAR-gamma inhibitor GW9662.	Pioglitazone	75-87	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-23
15734860-4	2005	Extracellular TGF-beta1 levels were rapidly increased after treatment with pioglitazone in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma-dependent mechanism because this secretion was blocked by the PPAR-gamma inhibitor GW9662.	Pioglitazone	75-87	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	93-148
15734860-4	2005	Extracellular TGF-beta1 levels were rapidly increased after treatment with pioglitazone in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma-dependent mechanism because this secretion was blocked by the PPAR-gamma inhibitor GW9662.	Pioglitazone	75-87	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	211-221
15734860-5	2005	Pioglitazone subsequently increased the nuclear recruitment of phospho-Smad2, without any effect on protein expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	SMAD family member 2	Rattus norvegicus	71-76
15734860-6	2005	According to our results, we propose that the apoptotic effect of pioglitazone on VSMC depends on the following sequence: PPAR-gamma activation, TGF-beta1 release, and selective phospho-Smad2 nuclear recruitment.	Pioglitazone	66-78	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	122-132
15734860-6	2005	According to our results, we propose that the apoptotic effect of pioglitazone on VSMC depends on the following sequence: PPAR-gamma activation, TGF-beta1 release, and selective phospho-Smad2 nuclear recruitment.	Pioglitazone	66-78	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	145-154
15734860-6	2005	According to our results, we propose that the apoptotic effect of pioglitazone on VSMC depends on the following sequence: PPAR-gamma activation, TGF-beta1 release, and selective phospho-Smad2 nuclear recruitment.	Pioglitazone	66-78	SMAD family member 2	Rattus norvegicus	186-191
15739120-0	2005	Pioglitazone elicits long-term improvements in insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes: comparisons with gliclazide-based regimens.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	47-54
15739120-1	2005	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Recent studies have demonstrated that pioglitazone (PIO) has beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity compared with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	55-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	100-107
15739120-1	2005	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Recent studies have demonstrated that pioglitazone (PIO) has beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity compared with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	69-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	100-107
15739120-2	2005	The effects of PIO and gliclazide (GLIC)-based therapy on insulin sensitivity have not previously been directly compared.	Pioglitazone	15-18	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
15721625-1	2005	PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, pioglitazone, in inhibiting corneal neovascularization.	Pioglitazone	100-112	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	42-90
15721625-12	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone is effective in decreasing the density of angiogenesis in a VEGF-induced neovascular rat cornea model.	Pioglitazone	13-25	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	86-90
15735430-4	2005	To determine whether PPARgamma ligands reduce this inflammation in part by reducing TH1 chemoattractant levels in vivo, the TZD pioglitazone was tested for its effects on a TH1 chemokine (CXCL10) in 2 models of colitis (i.e., dextran sodium sulfate and 2,4,6-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-mediated colitis).	Pioglitazone	128-140	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10	Homo sapiens	188-194
15735430-5	2005	In both models, CXCL10 levels were significantly reduced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	60-72	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10	Homo sapiens	16-22
15689403-2	2005	The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone on growth and matrix production in human cortical fibroblasts (CF).	Pioglitazone	81-93	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	62-72
15689403-6	2005	A reduction in ECM production was similarly observed when CF were exposed to a selective PPAR-gamma agonist (L-805645) in concentrations that caused no toxicity, confirming the antifibrotic effects of pioglitazone were mediated through a PPAR-gamma-dependent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	201-213	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	89-99
15689403-6	2005	A reduction in ECM production was similarly observed when CF were exposed to a selective PPAR-gamma agonist (L-805645) in concentrations that caused no toxicity, confirming the antifibrotic effects of pioglitazone were mediated through a PPAR-gamma-dependent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	201-213	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	238-248
15689403-8	2005	In summary, exposure of human CF to pioglitazone causes an antiproliferative effect and reduces ECM production through mechanisms that include reducing TIMP activity, independent of TGF-beta1.	Pioglitazone	36-48	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	152-156
15689403-8	2005	In summary, exposure of human CF to pioglitazone causes an antiproliferative effect and reduces ECM production through mechanisms that include reducing TIMP activity, independent of TGF-beta1.	Pioglitazone	36-48	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	182-191
15585550-0	2005	Effect of pioglitazone on adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol secretion in Cushing"s disease.	Pioglitazone	10-22	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	26-53
15585550-4	2005	It was hypothesized that treatment with the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone would normalize the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of patients with CD.	Pioglitazone	62-74	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	44-53
15585569-6	2005	PPARgamma transcriptional activity in H295R cells, monitored by a reporter gene assay, was induced 2- to 3-fold by TZDs, such as rosiglitazone (RGZ) and pioglitazone, whereas in PPARgamma-transfected cells RGZ alone or RGZ plus 9-cis retinoic acid further increased reporter activity.	Pioglitazone	153-165	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
15598674-0	2005	Responses of serum androgen and insulin resistance to metformin and pioglitazone in obese, insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome.	Pioglitazone	68-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
15598674-0	2005	Responses of serum androgen and insulin resistance to metformin and pioglitazone in obese, insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome.	Pioglitazone	68-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	91-98
15598674-5	2005	Fasting serum insulin concentration (P &lt; 0.001 for both drugs) and the area under the insulin curve during a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test decreased after pioglitazone (P &lt; 0.002) or metformin (P &lt; 0.05) treatment.	Pioglitazone	160-172	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
15598674-5	2005	Fasting serum insulin concentration (P &lt; 0.001 for both drugs) and the area under the insulin curve during a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test decreased after pioglitazone (P &lt; 0.002) or metformin (P &lt; 0.05) treatment.	Pioglitazone	160-172	insulin	Homo sapiens	89-96
15598674-9	2005	These results suggest that pioglitazone is as effective as metformin in improving insulin sensitivity and hyperandrogenism, despite an increase in body weight, body mass index, and the waist to hip ratio associated with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	82-89
15723863-10	2005	Thus, pioglitazone completely blocked periodontal-bacteria-derived LPS-induced IL-6 production in adipocytes, a major inducer of CRP.	Pioglitazone	6-18	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	129-132
15799829-2	2005	In a recent study, we demonstrate that treatment of A549 (human non small cell lung cancer cell line) tumor-bearing SCID mice with PPAR-gamma ligands troglitazone (Tro) and pioglitazone significantly inhibits primary tumor growth.	Pioglitazone	173-185	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	131-141
15780399-3	2005	The effects of two PPARgamma ligands, pioglitazone and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2, on cell proliferation were investigated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-thiazoly]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.	Pioglitazone	38-50	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	19-28
15735046-5	2005	Third, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, potent PPARgamma agonists, show marginal effects on apoptosis even at high concentrations.	Pioglitazone	25-37	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	46-55
15692987-0	2005	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, reduces the progression of experimental osteoarthritis in guinea pigs.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Cavia porcellus	16-64
15692987-1	2005	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in vivo therapeutic effect of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, on the development of lesions in a guinea pig model of osteoarthritis (OA), and to determine the influence of pioglitazone on the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in articular cartilage.	Pioglitazone	57-69	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Cavia porcellus	73-121
15692987-1	2005	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in vivo therapeutic effect of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, on the development of lesions in a guinea pig model of osteoarthritis (OA), and to determine the influence of pioglitazone on the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in articular cartilage.	Pioglitazone	57-69	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Cavia porcellus	123-132
15692987-1	2005	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in vivo therapeutic effect of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, on the development of lesions in a guinea pig model of osteoarthritis (OA), and to determine the influence of pioglitazone on the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in articular cartilage.	Pioglitazone	57-69	collagenase 3	Cavia porcellus	286-313
15692987-1	2005	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in vivo therapeutic effect of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, on the development of lesions in a guinea pig model of osteoarthritis (OA), and to determine the influence of pioglitazone on the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in articular cartilage.	Pioglitazone	57-69	collagenase 3	Cavia porcellus	315-321
15692987-1	2005	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in vivo therapeutic effect of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, on the development of lesions in a guinea pig model of osteoarthritis (OA), and to determine the influence of pioglitazone on the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in articular cartilage.	Pioglitazone	57-69	interleukin-1 beta	Cavia porcellus	327-344
15692987-1	2005	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in vivo therapeutic effect of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, on the development of lesions in a guinea pig model of osteoarthritis (OA), and to determine the influence of pioglitazone on the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in articular cartilage.	Pioglitazone	57-69	interleukin-1 beta	Cavia porcellus	346-354
15692987-10	2005	Guinea pigs treated with the highest dosage of pioglitazone demonstrated a significant reduction in the levels of both MMP-13 and IL-1beta in OA cartilage.	Pioglitazone	47-59	collagenase 3	Cavia porcellus	119-125
15692987-10	2005	Guinea pigs treated with the highest dosage of pioglitazone demonstrated a significant reduction in the levels of both MMP-13 and IL-1beta in OA cartilage.	Pioglitazone	47-59	interleukin-1 beta	Cavia porcellus	130-138
15692987-11	2005	CONCLUSION: This is the first in vivo study demonstrating that a PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, could reduce the severity of experimental OA.	Pioglitazone	84-96	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Cavia porcellus	65-74
15694931-0	2005	Pioglitazone inhibits MMP-1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells through a mitogen-activated protein kinase-independent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	0-12	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	22-27
15694931-6	2005	In an attempt to explore the signaling mechanism by which pioglitazone inhibits the oxLDL-upregulated MMP-1 expression, we found that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways were required for the oxLDL-stimulated MMP-1 expression, but pioglitazone failed to antagonize the activation of ERK and JNK by oxLDL.	Pioglitazone	58-70	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	102-107
15694931-6	2005	In an attempt to explore the signaling mechanism by which pioglitazone inhibits the oxLDL-upregulated MMP-1 expression, we found that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways were required for the oxLDL-stimulated MMP-1 expression, but pioglitazone failed to antagonize the activation of ERK and JNK by oxLDL.	Pioglitazone	58-70	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	134-171
15694931-6	2005	In an attempt to explore the signaling mechanism by which pioglitazone inhibits the oxLDL-upregulated MMP-1 expression, we found that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways were required for the oxLDL-stimulated MMP-1 expression, but pioglitazone failed to antagonize the activation of ERK and JNK by oxLDL.	Pioglitazone	58-70	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	173-176
15694931-6	2005	In an attempt to explore the signaling mechanism by which pioglitazone inhibits the oxLDL-upregulated MMP-1 expression, we found that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways were required for the oxLDL-stimulated MMP-1 expression, but pioglitazone failed to antagonize the activation of ERK and JNK by oxLDL.	Pioglitazone	58-70	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	182-205
15694931-6	2005	In an attempt to explore the signaling mechanism by which pioglitazone inhibits the oxLDL-upregulated MMP-1 expression, we found that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways were required for the oxLDL-stimulated MMP-1 expression, but pioglitazone failed to antagonize the activation of ERK and JNK by oxLDL.	Pioglitazone	58-70	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	207-210
15694931-6	2005	In an attempt to explore the signaling mechanism by which pioglitazone inhibits the oxLDL-upregulated MMP-1 expression, we found that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways were required for the oxLDL-stimulated MMP-1 expression, but pioglitazone failed to antagonize the activation of ERK and JNK by oxLDL.	Pioglitazone	58-70	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	260-265
15694931-6	2005	In an attempt to explore the signaling mechanism by which pioglitazone inhibits the oxLDL-upregulated MMP-1 expression, we found that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways were required for the oxLDL-stimulated MMP-1 expression, but pioglitazone failed to antagonize the activation of ERK and JNK by oxLDL.	Pioglitazone	58-70	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	334-337
15694931-6	2005	In an attempt to explore the signaling mechanism by which pioglitazone inhibits the oxLDL-upregulated MMP-1 expression, we found that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways were required for the oxLDL-stimulated MMP-1 expression, but pioglitazone failed to antagonize the activation of ERK and JNK by oxLDL.	Pioglitazone	58-70	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	342-345
15694931-6	2005	In an attempt to explore the signaling mechanism by which pioglitazone inhibits the oxLDL-upregulated MMP-1 expression, we found that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways were required for the oxLDL-stimulated MMP-1 expression, but pioglitazone failed to antagonize the activation of ERK and JNK by oxLDL.	Pioglitazone	282-294	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	102-107
15694931-6	2005	In an attempt to explore the signaling mechanism by which pioglitazone inhibits the oxLDL-upregulated MMP-1 expression, we found that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways were required for the oxLDL-stimulated MMP-1 expression, but pioglitazone failed to antagonize the activation of ERK and JNK by oxLDL.	Pioglitazone	282-294	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	134-171
15694931-7	2005	Finally, our AP-1 activity assay showed that pioglitazone inhibited oxLDL-stimulated c-Jun activity.	Pioglitazone	45-57	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	85-90
15694931-8	2005	Taken together, the present study indicates that pioglitazone inhibits oxLDL-stimulated MMP-1 expression in VSMCs by inhibiting c-Jun transcriptional activity through a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-independent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	49-61	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	88-93
15694931-8	2005	Taken together, the present study indicates that pioglitazone inhibits oxLDL-stimulated MMP-1 expression in VSMCs by inhibiting c-Jun transcriptional activity through a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-independent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	49-61	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	128-133
15694931-8	2005	Taken together, the present study indicates that pioglitazone inhibits oxLDL-stimulated MMP-1 expression in VSMCs by inhibiting c-Jun transcriptional activity through a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-independent mechanism.	Pioglitazone	49-61	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	203-207
15653112-8	2005	In type 2 diabetics, pioglitazone treatment increased adiponectin concentrations; HOMA scores and ALT activity fell significantly.	Pioglitazone	21-33	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	54-65
15649489-4	2005	We investigated the therapeutic effect of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, in the G93A SOD1 transgenic mouse model of ALS.	Pioglitazone	42-54	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	58-106
15649489-4	2005	We investigated the therapeutic effect of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, in the G93A SOD1 transgenic mouse model of ALS.	Pioglitazone	42-54	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	108-118
15649489-6	2005	Pioglitazone treatment extended survival by 13%, and it reduced gliosis as assessed by immunohistochemical staining for CD-40 and GFAP.	Pioglitazone	0-12	CD40 antigen	Mus musculus	120-125
15649489-6	2005	Pioglitazone treatment extended survival by 13%, and it reduced gliosis as assessed by immunohistochemical staining for CD-40 and GFAP.	Pioglitazone	0-12	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Mus musculus	130-134
15649489-7	2005	Pioglitazone also reduced iNOS, NFkappa-B, and 3-nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity in the spinal cords of G93A transgenic mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	26-30
15649489-7	2005	Pioglitazone also reduced iNOS, NFkappa-B, and 3-nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity in the spinal cords of G93A transgenic mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	32-41
15854187-5	2005	Fasting, 2- and 3-h plasma glucose, insulin and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance decreased significantly with pioglitazone compared with other monotherapies (p &lt; 0.05) and decreased significantly with PIO + MET compared with SU + MET (p &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	129-141	insulin	Homo sapiens	36-43
15854187-5	2005	Fasting, 2- and 3-h plasma glucose, insulin and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance decreased significantly with pioglitazone compared with other monotherapies (p &lt; 0.05) and decreased significantly with PIO + MET compared with SU + MET (p &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	129-141	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-88
15698832-0	2005	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activator, ameliorates experimental autoimmune myocarditis by modulating Th1/Th2 balance.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	16-64
15819371-4	2005	However, PPAR-gamma receptors have focused most fundamental and clinical research in recent years after the demonstration of their activation by thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone, rosiglitazone), a new class of antidiabetic agents.	Pioglitazone	165-177	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	9-19
15618443-3	2005	METHODS: In 2 groups of rats, 90 minutes of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion was followed by 1 day of reperfusion, with 1 group receiving pioglitazone (a PPARgamma agonist) starting 72 hours before MCA occlusion (MCAO) and continuing through the day of occlusion, whereas the other group received vehicle only.	Pioglitazone	144-156	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	160-169
15680279-5	2005	Troglitazone and pioglitazone, the two thiazolidinediones, as well as 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the serum-induced proliferation of THP-1 (human monocytic leukemia cells) and of U937 (human monoblastic leukemia cells), which permanently express PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	17-29	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	179-184
15680279-5	2005	Troglitazone and pioglitazone, the two thiazolidinediones, as well as 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the serum-induced proliferation of THP-1 (human monocytic leukemia cells) and of U937 (human monoblastic leukemia cells), which permanently express PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	17-29	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	292-301
15353408-3	2005	Administration of pioglitazone, a drug for type II diabetes and activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma, in obese db/db mice reduced the enhanced expression of Mest mRNA in adipose tissue, concomitant with an increase in body weight and a decrease in the size of adipose cells.	Pioglitazone	18-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	121-131
15353408-3	2005	Administration of pioglitazone, a drug for type II diabetes and activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma, in obese db/db mice reduced the enhanced expression of Mest mRNA in adipose tissue, concomitant with an increase in body weight and a decrease in the size of adipose cells.	Pioglitazone	18-30	mesoderm specific transcript	Mus musculus	188-192
16473258-6	2005	Pioglitazone, an antidiabetic agent that acts primarily by decreasing insulin resistance, improves sensitivity to insulin in muscle and adipose tissue and inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
16473258-6	2005	Pioglitazone, an antidiabetic agent that acts primarily by decreasing insulin resistance, improves sensitivity to insulin in muscle and adipose tissue and inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	114-121
16473258-7	2005	Pioglitazone improves glycemic control while reducing circulating insulin levels.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
16372821-14	2005	CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 are the main enzymes catalysing biotransformation of the thiazolidinediones troglitazone and pioglitazone, whereas rosiglitazone is metabolised by CYP2C9 and CYP2C8.	Pioglitazone	111-123	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	0-6
16372821-14	2005	CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 are the main enzymes catalysing biotransformation of the thiazolidinediones troglitazone and pioglitazone, whereas rosiglitazone is metabolised by CYP2C9 and CYP2C8.	Pioglitazone	111-123	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	11-17
16372821-14	2005	CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 are the main enzymes catalysing biotransformation of the thiazolidinediones troglitazone and pioglitazone, whereas rosiglitazone is metabolised by CYP2C9 and CYP2C8.	Pioglitazone	111-123	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	176-182
15811197-6	2005	The PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone appears to affect lipid metabolism by decreasing plasma triglycerides, increasing HDL-C and decreasing the number of small, dense atherogenic LDL particles.	Pioglitazone	23-35	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-13
15624096-0	2005	Improved insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue dysregulation after short-term treatment with pioglitazone in non-diabetic, insulin-resistant subjects.	Pioglitazone	94-106	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
15624096-0	2005	Improved insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue dysregulation after short-term treatment with pioglitazone in non-diabetic, insulin-resistant subjects.	Pioglitazone	94-106	insulin	Homo sapiens	124-131
15624096-2	2005	METHODS: Ten non-diabetic subjects, identified as having low IRS-1 and GLUT-4 protein in adipose cells as markers of insulin resistance, underwent 3 weeks of treatment with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	173-185	insulin	Homo sapiens	117-124
15624096-9	2005	CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Short-term treatment with pioglitazone improved insulin sensitivity in the absence of any changes in circulating NEFA or lipid levels.	Pioglitazone	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
15662596-10	2005	CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study indicates that at comparable fasting glucose concentration and at comparable HbA1c value pioglitazone is superior to sulfonylureas concerning the improvement of diabetic dyslipoproteinemia.	Pioglitazone	119-131	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	107-111
16259750-1	2005	Pioglitazone, a specific ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma), was recently implicated in the control of inflammatory processes and in the modulation of the expression of various cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), but its role in the mechanism of gastric mucosal integrity has not been studied extensively.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	36-84
16259750-1	2005	Pioglitazone, a specific ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma), was recently implicated in the control of inflammatory processes and in the modulation of the expression of various cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), but its role in the mechanism of gastric mucosal integrity has not been studied extensively.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	86-96
16259750-1	2005	Pioglitazone, a specific ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma), was recently implicated in the control of inflammatory processes and in the modulation of the expression of various cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), but its role in the mechanism of gastric mucosal integrity has not been studied extensively.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	233-260
16259750-1	2005	Pioglitazone, a specific ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma), was recently implicated in the control of inflammatory processes and in the modulation of the expression of various cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), but its role in the mechanism of gastric mucosal integrity has not been studied extensively.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	262-271
16259750-8	2005	The protective effect of pioglitazone was accompanied by the significant rise in the GBF, an increase in PGE2 generation and the significant fall in the plasma TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels.	Pioglitazone	25-37	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	160-169
16259750-8	2005	The protective effect of pioglitazone was accompanied by the significant rise in the GBF, an increase in PGE2 generation and the significant fall in the plasma TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels.	Pioglitazone	25-37	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	174-182
16259750-9	2005	Strong signals for IL-1beta- and TNF-alpha mRNA were recorded in gastric mucosa exposed to ethanol or WRS, and these effects were significantly decreased by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	157-169	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	19-27
16259750-9	2005	Strong signals for IL-1beta- and TNF-alpha mRNA were recorded in gastric mucosa exposed to ethanol or WRS, and these effects were significantly decreased by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	157-169	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	33-42
16259750-13	2005	We conclude that (1) pioglitazone exerts a potent gastroprotective and hyperaemic actions on the stomach involving endogenous PG and NO and attenuation of the expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, and (2) PPAR-gamma ligand accelerates ulcer healing, possibly due to the enhancement in angiogenesis at ulcer margin.	Pioglitazone	21-33	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	211-220
16259750-13	2005	We conclude that (1) pioglitazone exerts a potent gastroprotective and hyperaemic actions on the stomach involving endogenous PG and NO and attenuation of the expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, and (2) PPAR-gamma ligand accelerates ulcer healing, possibly due to the enhancement in angiogenesis at ulcer margin.	Pioglitazone	21-33	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	225-233
16259750-13	2005	We conclude that (1) pioglitazone exerts a potent gastroprotective and hyperaemic actions on the stomach involving endogenous PG and NO and attenuation of the expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, and (2) PPAR-gamma ligand accelerates ulcer healing, possibly due to the enhancement in angiogenesis at ulcer margin.	Pioglitazone	21-33	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	243-253
15642799-9	2005	The present results suggests that either pioglitazone or metformin administration was associated with a clear improvement in the endogenous hypothalamic DA tone, simultaneously with an amelioration of the insulin resistance status in these obese women with PCOS.	Pioglitazone	41-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	205-212
15617852-11	2005	PPAR-gamma influences the gene expression involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, ligands for PPAR-gamma, improve insulin resistance in diabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	83-95	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	127-137
15617852-11	2005	PPAR-gamma influences the gene expression involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, ligands for PPAR-gamma, improve insulin resistance in diabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	83-95	insulin	Homo sapiens	147-154
15452359-0	2005	Novel PPARgamma agonists GI 262570, GW 7845, GW 1929, and pioglitazone decrease calcium channel function and myogenic tone in rat mesenteric arteries.	Pioglitazone	58-70	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	6-15
15479756-0	2005	Treatment of active psoriatic arthritis with the PPARgamma ligand pioglitazone: an open-label pilot study.	Pioglitazone	66-78	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	49-58
15575920-5	2004	The addition of pioglitazone caused no significant changes in serum creatinine or mean tacrolimus dose, and caused decreases in HBA1C (8.36%+/- 1.5% pre-pioglitazone, 7.08%+/- 1.5% post-pioglitazone, p = 0.018) and total daily insulin dose (125.1 +/- 28.1 units pre-pioglitazone, 80.6 +/- 22.8 units post-pioglitazone, p = 0.002).	Pioglitazone	16-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	227-234
15504754-8	2004	Overexpression of PPAR-gamma (28.5 +/- 0.008%) produced an additional effect on insulin (100 nM) and Pioglitazone (50 microM), resulting in 42.7 +/- 3.5% increase in glucose uptake as against 29.2+/-2.8% in wild-type C2C12 skeletal muscle cells differentiated under normal (2% horse serum) condition.	Pioglitazone	101-113	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	18-28
15669179-5	2004	RESULTS: Pretreatment of cardiac myocytes with fenofibrate or pioglitazone inhibited LPS-induced TNFalpha mRNA and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	62-74	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	97-105
15669179-7	2004	Proportional suppression of TNFalpha promoter activity was observed when myocytes was transiently transfected with whole length of TNFalpha promoter (-721/+17) after being stimulated with LPS and fenofibrate or pioglitazone, whereas no change of promoter activity was observed with transfection of TNFalpha reporter construct in deletion of NF-kappaB binding site (-182/+17).	Pioglitazone	211-223	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	28-36
15669179-7	2004	Proportional suppression of TNFalpha promoter activity was observed when myocytes was transiently transfected with whole length of TNFalpha promoter (-721/+17) after being stimulated with LPS and fenofibrate or pioglitazone, whereas no change of promoter activity was observed with transfection of TNFalpha reporter construct in deletion of NF-kappaB binding site (-182/+17).	Pioglitazone	211-223	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	131-139
15669179-7	2004	Proportional suppression of TNFalpha promoter activity was observed when myocytes was transiently transfected with whole length of TNFalpha promoter (-721/+17) after being stimulated with LPS and fenofibrate or pioglitazone, whereas no change of promoter activity was observed with transfection of TNFalpha reporter construct in deletion of NF-kappaB binding site (-182/+17).	Pioglitazone	211-223	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	131-139
15625656-2	2004	We conducted a pilot study for the following reasons: (1) to test the hypothesis that a combination of an antioxidant (vitamin E) and an insulin sensitizer (pioglitazone) would be superior to vitamin E alone for the treatment of NASH, and (2) to define the effects of these interventions on insulin-sensitive metabolic functions and correlate the effects with changes in liver histology.	Pioglitazone	157-169	insulin	Homo sapiens	137-144
15562234-0	2004	Pioglitazone treatment of insulin resistance in a patient with Werner"s syndrome.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	26-33
15550788-0	2004	Anoxia-reoxygenation stimulates collagen type-I and MMP-1 expression in cardiac fibroblasts: modulation by the PPAR-gamma ligand pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	129-141	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	52-57
15550788-0	2004	Anoxia-reoxygenation stimulates collagen type-I and MMP-1 expression in cardiac fibroblasts: modulation by the PPAR-gamma ligand pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	129-141	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	111-121
15550788-4	2004	This study was designed to investigate if the PPAR-gamma ligand pioglitazone would modulate fibroblast growth and collagen type-I synthesis (and expression) in cardiac fibroblasts exposed to anoxia-reoxygenation (A-R).	Pioglitazone	64-76	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	46-56
15550788-8	2004	Pretreatment of cardiac fibroblasts with pioglitazone (10 M) reduced all these effects of A-R. Further, A-R stimulated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and activated the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-kappaB (both P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	41-53	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	229-238
15550788-11	2004	Inhibition of ROS generation and induction of NF-kappaB in cardiac fibroblasts during A-R may be a mechanism of action of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	122-134	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	46-55
15579760-1	2004	Pioglitazone increases the insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues and may provide an alternative first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
15598336-18	2004	Several pharmacological agents have been used including ursodeoxycholic acid, vitamin E, betaine, n-acetyl cysteine, and insulin sensitizing agents like metformin, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	183-195	insulin	Homo sapiens	121-128
21166160-7	2005	RESULTS: Pioglitazone inhibited ANP and BNP mRNA expression and 3H-leucine incorporation in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes induced by angiotensin II in a dose-dependent manner in vitro.	Pioglitazone	9-21	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
21166160-7	2005	RESULTS: Pioglitazone inhibited ANP and BNP mRNA expression and 3H-leucine incorporation in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes induced by angiotensin II in a dose-dependent manner in vitro.	Pioglitazone	9-21	natriuretic peptide B	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
21166160-7	2005	RESULTS: Pioglitazone inhibited ANP and BNP mRNA expression and 3H-leucine incorporation in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes induced by angiotensin II in a dose-dependent manner in vitro.	Pioglitazone	9-21	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	133-147
21166160-8	2005	Furthermore, pioglitazone reduced the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 beta and cardiotrophin-1, and inhibited the pressure overload-induced increase in the ratio of heart weight to body weight, left ventricular wall thickness and myocyte diameter of rats in vivo.	Pioglitazone	13-25	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	94-112
21166160-8	2005	Furthermore, pioglitazone reduced the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 beta and cardiotrophin-1, and inhibited the pressure overload-induced increase in the ratio of heart weight to body weight, left ventricular wall thickness and myocyte diameter of rats in vivo.	Pioglitazone	13-25	cardiotrophin 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-132
15504964-0	2004	Pioglitazone reduces islet triglyceride content and restores impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in heterozygous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-deficient mice on a high-fat diet.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	123-171
15339912-3	2004	Systemic treatment with pioglitazone increased systemic insulin sensitivity and increased apoE mRNA levels in adipose tissue by 2-3-fold.	Pioglitazone	24-36	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	90-94
15464987-0	2004	Reduced serum dipeptidyl peptidase-IV after metformin and pioglitazone treatments.	Pioglitazone	58-70	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	14-37
15464987-6	2004	Metformin and pioglitazone significantly (P&lt;0.05) reduced serum DPP-IV activity and glycosylated hemoglobin.	Pioglitazone	14-26	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	67-73
15464987-10	2004	We propose the in vivo inhibitory effects observed with metformin and pioglitazone on serum DPP-IV activity results from reduced DPP-IV secretion.	Pioglitazone	70-82	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	92-98
15464987-10	2004	We propose the in vivo inhibitory effects observed with metformin and pioglitazone on serum DPP-IV activity results from reduced DPP-IV secretion.	Pioglitazone	70-82	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	129-135
15644937-0	2004	Long-term effects of the PPAR gamma activator pioglitazone on cardiac inflammation in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.	Pioglitazone	46-58	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
15644937-6	2004	On the other hand, left ventricular NFkappaB and AP-1 binding activities, the expression of TNFalpha, and the adhesion of molecule PECAM were significantly decreased by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	169-181	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	92-100
15644937-6	2004	On the other hand, left ventricular NFkappaB and AP-1 binding activities, the expression of TNFalpha, and the adhesion of molecule PECAM were significantly decreased by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	169-181	platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-136
15644937-7	2004	Expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins p53 and bax was significantly increased by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	84-96	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
15644937-7	2004	Expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins p53 and bax was significantly increased by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	84-96	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
15504964-5	2004	Administration of a PPAR-gamma agonist, pioglitazone, reduced the islet TG content in PPARgamma(+/-) mice on a high-fat diet and ameliorated the impaired insulin secretion in vitro.	Pioglitazone	40-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	20-30
15504964-5	2004	Administration of a PPAR-gamma agonist, pioglitazone, reduced the islet TG content in PPARgamma(+/-) mice on a high-fat diet and ameliorated the impaired insulin secretion in vitro.	Pioglitazone	40-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	86-95
15466667-0	2004	Angiotensin II regulation of collagen type I expression in cardiac fibroblasts: modulation by PPAR-gamma ligand pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	112-124	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	0-14
15466667-8	2004	Ang II stimulated the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and this effect was also attenuated by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	120-132	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	0-6
15466667-9	2004	Ang II treatment activated the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-kappaB, and pioglitazone pretreatment blocked this effect of Ang II.	Pioglitazone	83-95	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	132-138
15466667-12	2004	Thus, pioglitazone attenuates Ang II-mediated collagen type I synthesis in cardiac fibroblasts.	Pioglitazone	6-18	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	30-36
15466667-13	2004	The effects of pioglitazone are mediated by the modulation of ROS release and redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-kappaB.	Pioglitazone	15-27	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	115-124
15273253-4	2004	Among the selected PPAR agonists, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone displayed the highest maximal efficacy (E(max)) on reporter-gene assays in COS-7 cells cotransfected by either a galactosidase 4-response element-based or a human aP2 promoter-based Luc reporter vector, along with either chimeric or full-length human PPAR expression plasmids.	Pioglitazone	52-64	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	19-23
15273253-4	2004	Among the selected PPAR agonists, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone displayed the highest maximal efficacy (E(max)) on reporter-gene assays in COS-7 cells cotransfected by either a galactosidase 4-response element-based or a human aP2 promoter-based Luc reporter vector, along with either chimeric or full-length human PPAR expression plasmids.	Pioglitazone	52-64	fatty acid binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	228-231
15273253-4	2004	Among the selected PPAR agonists, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone displayed the highest maximal efficacy (E(max)) on reporter-gene assays in COS-7 cells cotransfected by either a galactosidase 4-response element-based or a human aP2 promoter-based Luc reporter vector, along with either chimeric or full-length human PPAR expression plasmids.	Pioglitazone	52-64	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	316-320
15448098-5	2004	Stimulation of human endothelial cells with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone decreased basal as well as tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced RAGE cell surface and total protein expression.	Pioglitazone	61-73	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	101-128
15448098-5	2004	Stimulation of human endothelial cells with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone decreased basal as well as tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced RAGE cell surface and total protein expression.	Pioglitazone	61-73	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 914	Homo sapiens	137-141
15472206-0	2004	Pioglitazone and sodium salicylate protect human beta-cells against apoptosis and impaired function induced by glucose and interleukin-1beta.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	123-140
15472206-2	2004	The aim of this study was to determine whether two drugs believed to block NFkappaB activation, the thiazolidinedione (glitazone) pioglitazone and the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug sodium salicylate, can protect human beta-cells against the toxic effects of IL-1beta and high glucose in vitro.	Pioglitazone	130-142	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	75-83
15472206-2	2004	The aim of this study was to determine whether two drugs believed to block NFkappaB activation, the thiazolidinedione (glitazone) pioglitazone and the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug sodium salicylate, can protect human beta-cells against the toxic effects of IL-1beta and high glucose in vitro.	Pioglitazone	130-142	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	263-271
15472206-6	2004	IL-1beta secretion from islets was increased by 4-d culture at 600 mg/dl, and this was blocked by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	98-110	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	0-8
15472206-8	2004	Pioglitazone and sodium salicylate thus protect human islets against the detrimental effects of IL-1beta and high glucose by blocking NFkappaB activation and may therefore be useful in retarding the manifestation and progression of diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	96-104
15472206-8	2004	Pioglitazone and sodium salicylate thus protect human islets against the detrimental effects of IL-1beta and high glucose by blocking NFkappaB activation and may therefore be useful in retarding the manifestation and progression of diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	134-142
15364003-0	2004	Effect of pioglitazone on endotoxin-induced decreases in hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity and expression of CYP3A2 and CYP2C11.	Pioglitazone	10-22	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	117-123
15364003-0	2004	Effect of pioglitazone on endotoxin-induced decreases in hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity and expression of CYP3A2 and CYP2C11.	Pioglitazone	10-22	cytochrome P450, subfamily 2, polypeptide 11	Rattus norvegicus	128-135
15364003-2	2004	In the present study, we investigated the effect of pioglitazone, a potent PPAR-gamma ligand, on the endotoxin-induced reduction of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity and on the down-regulation of the expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A2 and CYP2C11 proteins in rats.	Pioglitazone	52-64	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
15364003-2	2004	In the present study, we investigated the effect of pioglitazone, a potent PPAR-gamma ligand, on the endotoxin-induced reduction of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity and on the down-regulation of the expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A2 and CYP2C11 proteins in rats.	Pioglitazone	52-64	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	230-255
15364003-2	2004	In the present study, we investigated the effect of pioglitazone, a potent PPAR-gamma ligand, on the endotoxin-induced reduction of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity and on the down-regulation of the expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A2 and CYP2C11 proteins in rats.	Pioglitazone	52-64	cytochrome P450, subfamily 2, polypeptide 11	Rattus norvegicus	260-267
15364003-4	2004	Pretreatment with pioglitazone (10 mg/kg, 4 times at 10-min intervals) significantly protected the endotoxin-induced decreases in the systemic clearance of antipyrine and protein levels of CYP3A2, but not CYP2C11, with no biochemical and histopathological changes in the liver.	Pioglitazone	18-30	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	189-195
15364003-6	2004	Pioglitazone significantly protected endotoxin-induced overexpression of iNOS in the liver, but not the overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) in plasma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	73-77
15364003-7	2004	It is unlikely that the protective effect of pioglitazone against endotoxin-induced decreases in the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity and protein levels of CYP3A2 in the liver is due to the inhibition of the overproduction of NO.	Pioglitazone	45-57	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	165-171
15466667-0	2004	Angiotensin II regulation of collagen type I expression in cardiac fibroblasts: modulation by PPAR-gamma ligand pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	112-124	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	94-104
15308580-3	2004	In cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC), Rho kinase stimulated by angiotensin II was suppressed by the pretreatment with pioglitazone and troglitazone, and these effects were explained by the inhibition of the Rho translocation to the cell membrane.	Pioglitazone	132-144	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	77-91
15466667-3	2004	Accordingly, we postulated that the PPAR-gamma ligand, pioglitazone, which is known to modulate oxidative stress, would alter Ang II-induced formation of collagen type I in cardiac fibroblasts.	Pioglitazone	55-67	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	36-46
15308580-5	2004	Both pioglitazone and troglitazone upregulated SHP-2, particularly in the cytosolic fraction, and the SHP-2-bound Vav, and reduced the phosphorylation of Vav.	Pioglitazone	5-17	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11	Rattus norvegicus	47-52
15308580-5	2004	Both pioglitazone and troglitazone upregulated SHP-2, particularly in the cytosolic fraction, and the SHP-2-bound Vav, and reduced the phosphorylation of Vav.	Pioglitazone	5-17	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11	Rattus norvegicus	102-107
15466667-3	2004	Accordingly, we postulated that the PPAR-gamma ligand, pioglitazone, which is known to modulate oxidative stress, would alter Ang II-induced formation of collagen type I in cardiac fibroblasts.	Pioglitazone	55-67	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	126-132
15308580-5	2004	Both pioglitazone and troglitazone upregulated SHP-2, particularly in the cytosolic fraction, and the SHP-2-bound Vav, and reduced the phosphorylation of Vav.	Pioglitazone	5-17	vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	154-157
15308580-7	2004	Consistently, the expression of SHP-2 was upregulated in vascular tissues from pioglitazone-treated SHR.	Pioglitazone	79-91	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11	Rattus norvegicus	32-37
15308580-8	2004	The phosphorylated Vav was increased in SHR, compared with that in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), which was mitigated by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	128-140	vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
15466667-7	2004	These effects of Ang II were attenuated by pretreatment of cells with pioglitazone (10 micromol/L).	Pioglitazone	70-82	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	17-23
15308580-9	2004	Finally, both basal and angiotensin II-stimulated levels of Rho kinase activity were greater in RASMC from SHR than those from WKY, and the enhanced Rho kinase activity was blocked by pioglitazone or troglitazone in both strains.	Pioglitazone	184-196	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	24-38
15292314-0	2004	Effect of the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone on insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and ovulatory dysfunction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.	Pioglitazone	33-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
15113752-6	2004	PPAR-gamma activation was induced by pioglitazone to a similar level to that observed by exposure to high glucose but maximally induced by the selective agonist L-805645.	Pioglitazone	37-49	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-10
15349725-3	2004	RESULTS: Independent of which TZD was injected (50 micromol/kg), UCP-3 expression in gastrocnemius muscle was distinctly increased after 6 h (increase vs vehicle-injected control: pioglitazone, 10.3+/-3.2-fold, p=0.03; rosiglitazone, 8.7+/-1.2-fold, p=0.001; RWJ241947, 9.5+/-2.7-fold, p=0.03).	Pioglitazone	180-192	uncoupling protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	65-70
15349725-5	2004	The increase in plasma NEFA could in part have mediated TZD-induced UCP-3 expression, but increased UCP-3 mRNA was also found in isolated muscle after 2 h of TZD exposure in vitro (25 micromol/l pioglitazone, 1.7+/-0.3-fold, p=0.046), suggesting that TZDs act directly and independently of NEFA on skeletal muscle.	Pioglitazone	195-207	uncoupling protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	100-105
15279882-4	2004	Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha), a PARgamma inhibitor, abrogated the up-regulation of PAF-AH mRNA by pioglitazone, suggesting that PPARgamma activation is involved in the induction of PAF-AH by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	103-115	platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase 1b regulatory subunit 1	Homo sapiens	88-94
15279882-4	2004	Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha), a PARgamma inhibitor, abrogated the up-regulation of PAF-AH mRNA by pioglitazone, suggesting that PPARgamma activation is involved in the induction of PAF-AH by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	103-115	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	133-142
15279882-4	2004	Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha), a PARgamma inhibitor, abrogated the up-regulation of PAF-AH mRNA by pioglitazone, suggesting that PPARgamma activation is involved in the induction of PAF-AH by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	103-115	platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase 1b regulatory subunit 1	Homo sapiens	186-192
15279882-4	2004	Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha), a PARgamma inhibitor, abrogated the up-regulation of PAF-AH mRNA by pioglitazone, suggesting that PPARgamma activation is involved in the induction of PAF-AH by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	196-208	platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase 1b regulatory subunit 1	Homo sapiens	88-94
15279882-4	2004	Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha), a PARgamma inhibitor, abrogated the up-regulation of PAF-AH mRNA by pioglitazone, suggesting that PPARgamma activation is involved in the induction of PAF-AH by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	196-208	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	133-142
15279882-5	2004	As PAF promotes the cell motility with cytoskeletal reorganization, we investigated the effect of pioglitazone on PAF-mediated morphological changes in THP-1 macrophages.	Pioglitazone	98-110	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	114-117
15279882-5	2004	As PAF promotes the cell motility with cytoskeletal reorganization, we investigated the effect of pioglitazone on PAF-mediated morphological changes in THP-1 macrophages.	Pioglitazone	98-110	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	152-157
15279882-6	2004	In the absence of pioglitazone, PAF promoted the elongation of actin cytoskeleton, which was inhibited by pretreatment with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	124-136	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	32-35
15279882-8	2004	Thus, it is suggested that PAF-induced morphological changes could be inhibited by pioglitazone through PAF-AH, which rapidly hydrolyzed PAF.	Pioglitazone	83-95	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	27-30
15279882-8	2004	Thus, it is suggested that PAF-induced morphological changes could be inhibited by pioglitazone through PAF-AH, which rapidly hydrolyzed PAF.	Pioglitazone	83-95	platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase 1b regulatory subunit 1	Homo sapiens	104-110
15279882-8	2004	Thus, it is suggested that PAF-induced morphological changes could be inhibited by pioglitazone through PAF-AH, which rapidly hydrolyzed PAF.	Pioglitazone	83-95	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	104-107
15318101-0	2004	Pioglitazone prevents acute liver injury induced by ethanol and lipopolysaccharide through the suppression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	110-137
15318101-5	2004	In this study, we investigated the effects of pioglitazone, a ligand for PPAR-gamma, on acute liver injury induced by ethanol and LPS.	Pioglitazone	46-58	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
15318101-13	2004	RESULTS: Pioglitazone prevented increase in plasma aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, and TNF-alpha levels but had no effect on plasma and hepatic levels of lipid peroxide.	Pioglitazone	9-21	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	105-114
15318101-15	2004	Ethanol and LPS induction of TNF-alpha mRNA in the liver was blunted by pioglitazone; however, RXR-alpha mRNA was not affected.	Pioglitazone	72-84	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	29-38
15318101-16	2004	PPAR-gamma mRNA levels were suppressed by ethanol and LPS but recaptured by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	76-88	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
15318101-18	2004	CONCLUSION: These results suggest that pioglitazone may prevent liver injury induced by ethanol and LPS through the suppression of TNF-alpha.	Pioglitazone	39-51	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	131-140
15270789-0	2004	Sustained effects of pioglitazone vs. glibenclamide on insulin sensitivity, glycaemic control, and lipid profiles in patients with Type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	21-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-62
15270789-1	2004	AIMS: This study compared the effects of 52 weeks" treatment with pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione that reduces insulin resistance, and glibenclamide, on insulin sensitivity, glycaemic control, and lipids in patients with Type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	66-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	113-120
15270789-5	2004	RESULTS: Pioglitazone significantly increased insulin sensitivity compared with glibenclamide, as assessed by homeostasis model assessment (17.0% vs. -13.0%; P &lt; 0.001), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (0.011 vs. -0.007; P &lt; 0.001) and fasting serum insulin (-1.3 pmol/l vs. 23.8 pmol/l; P = 0.007).	Pioglitazone	9-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
15270789-8	2004	CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the effects of pioglitazone are more sustained than those of glibenclamide for improving insulin sensitivity in patients with Type 2 diabetes, and that 52 weeks" treatment with pioglitazone has favourable effects on glycaemic control and lipoprotein profile.	Pioglitazone	51-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
15309293-11	2004	Pioglitazone treatment slightly normalised glucose and insulin levels, with a slight reduction in mPai-1 gene expression.	Pioglitazone	0-12	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1	Mus musculus	98-104
15292314-2	2004	The aim of this randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was to investigate whether the thiazolidinedione derivative pioglitazone diminishes insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism and enhances ovulation rates in women with PCOS.	Pioglitazone	119-131	insulin	Homo sapiens	143-150
15292314-4	2004	Administration of pioglitazone resulted in a remarkable decline in both fasting serum insulin levels (P &lt; 0.02) and the area under the insulin response curve after an oral glucose load (P &lt; 0.02).	Pioglitazone	18-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	86-93
15292314-4	2004	Administration of pioglitazone resulted in a remarkable decline in both fasting serum insulin levels (P &lt; 0.02) and the area under the insulin response curve after an oral glucose load (P &lt; 0.02).	Pioglitazone	18-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	138-145
15292314-6	2004	Furthermore, pioglitazone increased serum SHBG (P &lt; 0.05), resulting in a significant decrease in the free androgen index (P &lt; 0.05 compared with placebo).	Pioglitazone	13-25	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	42-46
15292314-8	2004	Thus, pioglitazone significantly improved insulin sensitivity, hyperandrogenism, and ovulation rates in women with PCOS, thereby providing both metabolic and reproductive benefits.	Pioglitazone	6-18	insulin	Homo sapiens	42-49
15265379-0	2004	Effects of pioglitazone on expressions of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in kidneys of diabetic rats.	Pioglitazone	11-23	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	42-75
15285804-5	2004	METHODS: Two-month-old TGF-beta1 mice and littermate controls were orally administered pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, or ibuprofen, a non steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, for two months.	Pioglitazone	87-99	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	23-32
15285804-14	2004	CONCLUSIONS: i) TGF-beta1 over-expressing mice may not be an appropriate model of Abeta-elicited CAA; and ii) pioglitazone has paradoxical effects on TGF-beta1-induced pathology suggesting that anti-inflammatory therapy may reduce the damage resulting from active glia, but not from vascular alterations or hydrocephalus.	Pioglitazone	110-122	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	150-159
15117857-3	2004	We studied the effect of pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione that reduces insulin resistance, on the AIP of patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	72-79
15117857-12	2004	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone reduced AIP when used as monotherapy or in combination therapy with sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin.	Pioglitazone	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	122-129
15470906-3	2004	The two available TZDs, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists that influence gene expression of key proteins involved in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism.	Pioglitazone	24-36	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	60-108
15470906-3	2004	The two available TZDs, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists that influence gene expression of key proteins involved in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism.	Pioglitazone	24-36	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	110-120
15220243-0	2004	The effect of pioglitazone on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma target genes related to lipid storage in vivo.	Pioglitazone	14-26	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	30-78
15220243-1	2004	OBJECTIVE: Pioglitazone is a member of the thiazolidinediones (TZDs), insulin-sensitizing agents used to treat type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	11-23	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
15220243-6	2004	The mRNA expression of PEPCK-C and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) increased (P &lt; 0.01) in patients treated with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	126-138	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	23-30
15220243-8	2004	The expression of genes that regulate fatty acid availability in adipocytes, including lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), was higher (P &lt; 0.01) in pioglitazone-treated patients.	Pioglitazone	173-185	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	87-105
15220243-8	2004	The expression of genes that regulate fatty acid availability in adipocytes, including lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), was higher (P &lt; 0.01) in pioglitazone-treated patients.	Pioglitazone	173-185	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	107-110
15220243-9	2004	Pioglitazone stimulated (P &lt; 0.0001) expression of c-Cbl-associated protein (CAP), whereas tumor necrosis factor-alpha, leptin, resistin, angiopoietin like-4, and 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta HSD 1) were not affected by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	0-12	sorbin and SH3 domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	54-78
15220243-9	2004	Pioglitazone stimulated (P &lt; 0.0001) expression of c-Cbl-associated protein (CAP), whereas tumor necrosis factor-alpha, leptin, resistin, angiopoietin like-4, and 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta HSD 1) were not affected by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	0-12	sorbin and SH3 domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	80-83
15265379-10	2004	All diabetes-associated changes in MMP-2 expression were attenuated by pioglitazone treatment in association with reduced C-IV accumulation.	Pioglitazone	71-83	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	35-40
15265379-12	2004	Pioglitazone treatment, which can attenuate the decrease of glomerular MMP-2 and the increase of C-IV degradation, has curative effects on diabetic nephropathy.	Pioglitazone	0-12	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	71-76
15161771-9	2004	Maximal insulin stimulation ( approximately 400 microU/ml) revealed pioglitazone-associated increases in glucose uptake (P+ = 10.5 +/- 0.9 vs. P- = 8.9 +/- 0.8 mg. kg(-1).	Pioglitazone	68-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	8-15
15064713-11	2004	Two other PPARgamma agonists pioglitazone and rosiglitazone did not induce GADD45 expression.	Pioglitazone	29-41	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	10-19
15154941-0	2004	An increase in insulin sensitivity and basal beta-cell function in diabetic subjects treated with pioglitazone in a placebo-controlled randomized study.	Pioglitazone	98-110	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
15154941-5	2004	Pioglitazone increased basal insulin sensitivity by 24.7% (7.8) HOMA-%S vs. 2.1% (5.9) in the placebo group (P = 0.02).	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	29-36
15154941-6	2004	Stimulated insulin sensitivity, M/I, increased in the pioglitazone group compared with placebo: +15.1 (2.8) l kg(-1) min(-1) vs. +3.2 (2.9) l kg(-1) min(-1), respectively (P = 0.009).	Pioglitazone	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
15154941-9	2004	There was a significant reduction in the proinsulin/insulin ratio in the pioglitazone group, -0.057 (0.02) compared with placebo, +0.004 (0.02) (P = 0.03).	Pioglitazone	73-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	41-51
15154941-9	2004	There was a significant reduction in the proinsulin/insulin ratio in the pioglitazone group, -0.057 (0.02) compared with placebo, +0.004 (0.02) (P = 0.03).	Pioglitazone	73-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
15154941-12	2004	CONCLUSIONS: Basal beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity improved following pioglitazone therapy.	Pioglitazone	81-93	insulin	Homo sapiens	42-49
15150131-8	2004	Thiazolidinedione PPARgamma agonists, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone, in combination with RA, potentiated GSTA2 induction, confirming that the activation of the PPARgamma and RXR heterodimer contributed to GSTA2 expression.	Pioglitazone	71-83	glutathione S-transferase alpha 2	Homo sapiens	121-126
15161771-11	2004	Thus, only 21 days of pioglitazone therapy improved insulin action in humans with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	22-34	insulin	Homo sapiens	52-59
15024400-0	2004	Plasma resistin concentration, hepatic fat content, and hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance in pioglitazone-treated type II diabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	101-113	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
15645955-12	2004	Insulin resistance decreased significantly with metformin and pioglitazone, beta cell fuhction also showed improvement CONCLUSIONS: Glycaemic control was seen in all study groups, the improvement was better in drug treated groups than in the control group.	Pioglitazone	62-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
15645955-14	2004	Metformin and pioglitazone had beneficial effects on lipid levels, improved insulin sensitivity and improved insulin secretion also.	Pioglitazone	14-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
15645955-14	2004	Metformin and pioglitazone had beneficial effects on lipid levels, improved insulin sensitivity and improved insulin secretion also.	Pioglitazone	14-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	109-116
15171689-5	2004	Administration of pioglitazone to 19 diabetic patients significantly increased the plasma levels of EC-SOD (69.9+/-19.3 ng/ml to 97.4+/-25.9 ng/ml; P &lt; 0.0001) and adiponectin, while it decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).	Pioglitazone	18-30	superoxide dismutase 3	Homo sapiens	100-106
15171689-5	2004	Administration of pioglitazone to 19 diabetic patients significantly increased the plasma levels of EC-SOD (69.9+/-19.3 ng/ml to 97.4+/-25.9 ng/ml; P &lt; 0.0001) and adiponectin, while it decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).	Pioglitazone	18-30	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	167-178
15171689-5	2004	Administration of pioglitazone to 19 diabetic patients significantly increased the plasma levels of EC-SOD (69.9+/-19.3 ng/ml to 97.4+/-25.9 ng/ml; P &lt; 0.0001) and adiponectin, while it decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).	Pioglitazone	18-30	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	199-226
15171689-5	2004	Administration of pioglitazone to 19 diabetic patients significantly increased the plasma levels of EC-SOD (69.9+/-19.3 ng/ml to 97.4+/-25.9 ng/ml; P &lt; 0.0001) and adiponectin, while it decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).	Pioglitazone	18-30	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	228-237
15171689-7	2004	It is possible that the increase in the EC-SOD level by pioglitazone administration in diabetic patients is due to a decline of TNF-alpha, which is known to suppress EC-SOD expression.	Pioglitazone	56-68	superoxide dismutase 3	Homo sapiens	40-46
15171689-7	2004	It is possible that the increase in the EC-SOD level by pioglitazone administration in diabetic patients is due to a decline of TNF-alpha, which is known to suppress EC-SOD expression.	Pioglitazone	56-68	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	128-137
15171689-7	2004	It is possible that the increase in the EC-SOD level by pioglitazone administration in diabetic patients is due to a decline of TNF-alpha, which is known to suppress EC-SOD expression.	Pioglitazone	56-68	superoxide dismutase 3	Homo sapiens	166-172
15319810-14	2004	The above findings suggest that pioglitazone has potent insulin-sensitizing and lipid-lowering properties in a HFD-fed rat model.	Pioglitazone	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	56-63
15319810-16	2004	Further treatment with pioglitazone once daily for 2 weeks significantly ameliorated changes in basal plasma insulin, TG and TC, and reversed oral glucose intolerance to normal in HFD-fed rats, suggesting its potential in the treatment of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance associated with abnormal lipid metabolism.	Pioglitazone	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	109-116
15319810-16	2004	Further treatment with pioglitazone once daily for 2 weeks significantly ameliorated changes in basal plasma insulin, TG and TC, and reversed oral glucose intolerance to normal in HFD-fed rats, suggesting its potential in the treatment of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance associated with abnormal lipid metabolism.	Pioglitazone	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	239-246
15150131-8	2004	Thiazolidinedione PPARgamma agonists, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone, in combination with RA, potentiated GSTA2 induction, confirming that the activation of the PPARgamma and RXR heterodimer contributed to GSTA2 expression.	Pioglitazone	71-83	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	176-185
15150131-8	2004	Thiazolidinedione PPARgamma agonists, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone, in combination with RA, potentiated GSTA2 induction, confirming that the activation of the PPARgamma and RXR heterodimer contributed to GSTA2 expression.	Pioglitazone	71-83	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	190-193
15150131-8	2004	Thiazolidinedione PPARgamma agonists, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone, in combination with RA, potentiated GSTA2 induction, confirming that the activation of the PPARgamma and RXR heterodimer contributed to GSTA2 expression.	Pioglitazone	71-83	glutathione S-transferase alpha 2	Homo sapiens	221-226
15285797-2	2004	One of these, PPARgamma, regulates responsiveness to insulin in adipose cells, and PPARgamma-activating drugs such as pioglitazone are used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	118-130	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	14-23
15285797-2	2004	One of these, PPARgamma, regulates responsiveness to insulin in adipose cells, and PPARgamma-activating drugs such as pioglitazone are used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	118-130	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
15285797-2	2004	One of these, PPARgamma, regulates responsiveness to insulin in adipose cells, and PPARgamma-activating drugs such as pioglitazone are used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	118-130	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	83-92
15117841-7	2004	In transcription reporter assays, irbesartan and telmisartan (10 micromol/L) markedly induced transcriptional activity of PPARgamma by 3.4+/-0.9-fold and 2.6+/-0.6-fold (P&lt;0.05), respectively, compared with 5.2+/-1.1-fold stimulation by the PPARgamma ligand pioglitazone (10 micromol/L).	Pioglitazone	261-273	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	122-131
15140339-0	2004	Pioglitazone as monotherapy or in combination with sulfonylurea or metformin enhances insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S or QUICKI) in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	86-93
15056132-0	2004	Lower plasma adiponectin concentration predicts the efficacy of pioglitazone in diabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	64-76	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	13-24
15056132-1	2004	AIM: To investigate clinical efficacy of pioglitazone in association with plasma adiponectin concentration in type 2 diabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	41-53	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	81-92
15056132-3	2004	RESULTS: Treatment with pioglitazone for 8 weeks lowered glycated albumin level (27.1 +/- 1.2 to 23.8 +/- 1.4%, p &lt; 0.05), and inverse relationship between changes in glycated albumin and plasma adiponectin concentration before treatment was revealed (r = -0.66, p &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	24-36	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	198-209
15056132-5	2004	CONCLUSION: Lower plasma adiponectin concentration predicts the clinical efficacy of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	85-97	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	25-36
15334171-6	2004	The use of these agents is particularly attractive, since two PPARgamma agonists, pioglitazone (Actos) and rosiglitazone (Avandia), are already used chronically to treat diabetes.	Pioglitazone	82-94	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	62-71
15285799-2	2004	Preclinical studies have shown that the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone, an FDA-approved PPARgamma agonist used to treat type 2 diabetes, delays the onset and reduces the severity of clinical symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS).	Pioglitazone	58-70	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	88-97
15247874-0	2004	[Pioglitazone insulin sensitivity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: recent data].	Pioglitazone	1-13	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
15037267-0	2004	Protective effects of preischemic treatment with pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand, on lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.	Pioglitazone	49-61	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	65-113
15037267-4	2004	We examined the effects of pioglitazone, a synthetic ligand of PPAR-gamma, against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.	Pioglitazone	27-39	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
15045697-1	2004	In order to assess the beneficial effect of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist pioglitazone on reduction of mass and alteration of function of pancreatic beta cells under diabetic conditions, diabetic C57BL/KsJ db/db mice were treated with pioglitazone for 6 weeks, and insulin secretory capacity and insulin content of isolated pancreatic islets were evaluated.	Pioglitazone	118-130	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	98-108
15109539-4	2004	Treatment of these cells with the PPARgamma ligands Pioglitazone (PGZ) and 15-deoxy-delta (12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) resulted in growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner which was associated with a G1 to S cell cycle arrest.	Pioglitazone	52-64	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	34-43
15109539-4	2004	Treatment of these cells with the PPARgamma ligands Pioglitazone (PGZ) and 15-deoxy-delta (12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) resulted in growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner which was associated with a G1 to S cell cycle arrest.	Pioglitazone	66-69	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	34-43
15220012-2	2004	Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that reduces insulin resistance, and glimepiride is a sulfonylurea insulin secretagogue.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
15220012-3	2004	OBJECTIVE: The goals of this study were to compare changes in measures of glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes who received pioglitazone or glimepiride for 1 year.	Pioglitazone	169-181	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
15220012-14	2004	Pioglitazone therapy was associated with significant increases in insulin sensitivity (reduced insulin resistance), whereas glimepiride had no effect.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
15220012-14	2004	Pioglitazone therapy was associated with significant increases in insulin sensitivity (reduced insulin resistance), whereas glimepiride had no effect.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
15220012-18	2004	CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that long-term treatment with pioglitazone enhances insulin sensitivity relative to glimepiride in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes and that pioglitazone may have a more sustained antihyperglycemic effect.	Pioglitazone	62-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	84-91
15140339-2	2004	demonstrated using the hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp that pioglitazone (PIO) enhanced insulin sensitivity in patients (n = 23) with type 2 diabetes (T2D).	Pioglitazone	63-75	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
15140339-5	2004	STUDY AIM: To evaluate the effect of PIO monotherapy and in combination therapy with sulfonylurea (SU) or metformin (MET) on insulin sensitivity as assessed by HOMA-S and QUICKI in a large group of patients (approximately 1000).	Pioglitazone	37-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
15164767-6	2004	Consequently, PPARgamma-selective pioglitazone was added to the diet of double-ko mice.	Pioglitazone	34-46	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	14-23
15052691-14	2004	CONCLUSION: PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone greatly retards the progression of rat hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl(4) through inhibition of HSC activation and amelioration of hepatocyte necroinflammation in rats.	Pioglitazone	30-42	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	12-21
15094967-0	2004	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis of human coronary artery endothelial cells: modulation by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	164-176	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-27
14988841-0	2004	Pioglitazone prevents alcohol-induced fatty liver in rats through up-regulation of c-Met.	Pioglitazone	0-12	MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	83-88
14988841-2	2004	This study aimed to examine if pioglitazone, an antidiabetic reagent serving as a ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), could prevent alcoholic fatty liver.	Pioglitazone	31-43	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	92-140
14988841-2	2004	This study aimed to examine if pioglitazone, an antidiabetic reagent serving as a ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), could prevent alcoholic fatty liver.	Pioglitazone	31-43	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	142-152
14988841-8	2004	Such effects of pioglitazone on the c-Met signaling pathway resulted from its tyrosine phosphorylation and resultant up-regulation of the apolipoprotein B (apoB)-mediated lipid mobilization from hepatocytes through very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) as well as down-regulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) -1c and SCD levels and a decrease in triglyceride synthesis in the liver.	Pioglitazone	16-28	MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	36-41
14988841-8	2004	Such effects of pioglitazone on the c-Met signaling pathway resulted from its tyrosine phosphorylation and resultant up-regulation of the apolipoprotein B (apoB)-mediated lipid mobilization from hepatocytes through very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) as well as down-regulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) -1c and SCD levels and a decrease in triglyceride synthesis in the liver.	Pioglitazone	16-28	apolipoprotein B	Rattus norvegicus	138-154
14988841-8	2004	Such effects of pioglitazone on the c-Met signaling pathway resulted from its tyrosine phosphorylation and resultant up-regulation of the apolipoprotein B (apoB)-mediated lipid mobilization from hepatocytes through very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) as well as down-regulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) -1c and SCD levels and a decrease in triglyceride synthesis in the liver.	Pioglitazone	16-28	apolipoprotein B	Rattus norvegicus	156-160
14988841-8	2004	Such effects of pioglitazone on the c-Met signaling pathway resulted from its tyrosine phosphorylation and resultant up-regulation of the apolipoprotein B (apoB)-mediated lipid mobilization from hepatocytes through very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) as well as down-regulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) -1c and SCD levels and a decrease in triglyceride synthesis in the liver.	Pioglitazone	16-28	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	281-334
14988841-8	2004	Such effects of pioglitazone on the c-Met signaling pathway resulted from its tyrosine phosphorylation and resultant up-regulation of the apolipoprotein B (apoB)-mediated lipid mobilization from hepatocytes through very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) as well as down-regulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) -1c and SCD levels and a decrease in triglyceride synthesis in the liver.	Pioglitazone	16-28	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Rattus norvegicus	339-342
14988841-9	2004	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone activates c-Met and VLDL-dependent lipid retrieval and suppresses triglyceride synthesis and thereby serves as a potentially useful stratagem to attenuate ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis.	Pioglitazone	13-25	MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	36-41
15001599-6	2004	Pioglitazone significantly increased plasma renin activity with the LS (P = 0.02) and HS (P = 0.03) diets.	Pioglitazone	0-12	renin	Homo sapiens	44-49
15001599-10	2004	Pioglitazone stimulates plasma renin activity and favors sodium retention and weight gain in healthy volunteers.	Pioglitazone	0-12	renin	Homo sapiens	31-36
15094967-0	2004	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis of human coronary artery endothelial cells: modulation by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	164-176	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	108-156
15094967-2	2004	We report on our study of TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in human coronary artery endothelial cells and its modulation by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligand pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	192-204	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	26-35
15094967-2	2004	We report on our study of TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in human coronary artery endothelial cells and its modulation by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligand pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	192-204	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	123-171
15094967-2	2004	We report on our study of TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in human coronary artery endothelial cells and its modulation by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligand pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	192-204	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	173-183
14657213-4	2004	PIO, ciglitazone, and GW347845 suppressed PHA-induced T cell proliferation by 40-50% and secretion of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha, by 30-50%.	Pioglitazone	0-3	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	102-150
15094967-6	2004	Pretreatment of cells with the PPAR-gamma ligand pioglitazone blocked TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis, caspase-3 activation, expression of Bcl-2, and lipid peroxidation (P &lt;.01 vs TNF-alpha alone).	Pioglitazone	49-61	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	31-41
15094967-6	2004	Pretreatment of cells with the PPAR-gamma ligand pioglitazone blocked TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis, caspase-3 activation, expression of Bcl-2, and lipid peroxidation (P &lt;.01 vs TNF-alpha alone).	Pioglitazone	49-61	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	70-79
15094967-6	2004	Pretreatment of cells with the PPAR-gamma ligand pioglitazone blocked TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis, caspase-3 activation, expression of Bcl-2, and lipid peroxidation (P &lt;.01 vs TNF-alpha alone).	Pioglitazone	49-61	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	100-109
15094967-6	2004	Pretreatment of cells with the PPAR-gamma ligand pioglitazone blocked TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis, caspase-3 activation, expression of Bcl-2, and lipid peroxidation (P &lt;.01 vs TNF-alpha alone).	Pioglitazone	49-61	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	136-141
15094967-6	2004	Pretreatment of cells with the PPAR-gamma ligand pioglitazone blocked TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis, caspase-3 activation, expression of Bcl-2, and lipid peroxidation (P &lt;.01 vs TNF-alpha alone).	Pioglitazone	49-61	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	180-189
15094967-8	2004	The PPAR-gamma ligand pioglitazone modulates lipid peroxidation, alters Bcl-2 expression and caspase-3 activation, and finally reduces apoptosis.	Pioglitazone	22-34	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-14
15094967-8	2004	The PPAR-gamma ligand pioglitazone modulates lipid peroxidation, alters Bcl-2 expression and caspase-3 activation, and finally reduces apoptosis.	Pioglitazone	22-34	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	72-77
15094967-8	2004	The PPAR-gamma ligand pioglitazone modulates lipid peroxidation, alters Bcl-2 expression and caspase-3 activation, and finally reduces apoptosis.	Pioglitazone	22-34	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	93-102
15258553-6	2004	RESULTS: After 8 weeks of treatment in subjects on metformin + pioglitazone 30 mg (group MP1), we found a reduction of nocturnal blood pressure values (mean nocturnal systolic BP 128.05+/- 1.23 vs 122.8+/-2.3 mmHg; p&lt;0.02; mean nocturnal diastolic BP 81.2+/-0.99 vs 75.65+/-0.93 mmHg; p&lt;0.005).	Pioglitazone	63-75	pitrilysin metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	89-92
15013444-7	2004	In vitro, pioglitazone prevented the activation of hepatic stellate cells resulting in reducing the expression of type I procollagen, MMP-2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 mRNA with increased MMP-13 mRNA expression.	Pioglitazone	10-22	matrix metallopeptidase 13	Homo sapiens	180-186
15013444-3	2004	The aim of this study was to investigate whether pioglitazone, a PPARgamma ligand, has any influence on the animal model of NASH as well as isolated hepatic stellate cells.	Pioglitazone	49-61	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	65-74
15013444-6	2004	Pioglitazone reduced the expression of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA without changing MMP-13 mRNA expression compared to the liver fed a CDAA diet alone.	Pioglitazone	0-12	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	39-45
15013444-6	2004	Pioglitazone reduced the expression of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA without changing MMP-13 mRNA expression compared to the liver fed a CDAA diet alone.	Pioglitazone	0-12	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2	Homo sapiens	50-56
15013444-7	2004	In vitro, pioglitazone prevented the activation of hepatic stellate cells resulting in reducing the expression of type I procollagen, MMP-2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 mRNA with increased MMP-13 mRNA expression.	Pioglitazone	10-22	collagen type I alpha 2 chain	Homo sapiens	114-132
15013444-7	2004	In vitro, pioglitazone prevented the activation of hepatic stellate cells resulting in reducing the expression of type I procollagen, MMP-2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 mRNA with increased MMP-13 mRNA expression.	Pioglitazone	10-22	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	134-139
15013444-7	2004	In vitro, pioglitazone prevented the activation of hepatic stellate cells resulting in reducing the expression of type I procollagen, MMP-2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 mRNA with increased MMP-13 mRNA expression.	Pioglitazone	10-22	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	141-147
15013444-7	2004	In vitro, pioglitazone prevented the activation of hepatic stellate cells resulting in reducing the expression of type I procollagen, MMP-2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 mRNA with increased MMP-13 mRNA expression.	Pioglitazone	10-22	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2	Homo sapiens	153-159
14733947-3	2004	To assess these questions, we examined the effects of pioglitazone, administered orally to intact rats, on AMPK phosphorylation (AMPK-P) (a measure of its activation) and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity and malonyl CoA concentration in rat liver and adipose tissue.	Pioglitazone	54-66	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	107-111
14733947-8	2004	Under basal conditions (no manipulation of the animals), pioglitazone increased AMPK phosphorylation by twofold and decreased ACC activity and the concentration of malonyl CoA by 50% in liver.	Pioglitazone	57-69	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	80-84
14733947-12	2004	The results indicate that treatment with pioglitazone can increase AMPK activity in rat liver and adipose tissue in a variety of circumstances.	Pioglitazone	41-53	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	67-71
14984448-11	2004	Subjects with greater insulin resistance or preserved beta-cell function displayed better response to pioglitazone, whereas subjects with reduced beta-cell function displayed better response to metformin.	Pioglitazone	102-114	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
15055868-7	2004	As well as maintaining glycaemic control over the long term, pioglitazone also confers benefits in terms of improvements in fasting insulin, lipid parameters, C-peptide and 32,33-split proinsulin (independent predictors of cardiovascular risk) and hypoglycaemia compared with other monotherapies or combination therapies.	Pioglitazone	61-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	132-139
15055868-7	2004	As well as maintaining glycaemic control over the long term, pioglitazone also confers benefits in terms of improvements in fasting insulin, lipid parameters, C-peptide and 32,33-split proinsulin (independent predictors of cardiovascular risk) and hypoglycaemia compared with other monotherapies or combination therapies.	Pioglitazone	61-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	185-195
15061300-4	2004	Pioglitazone is an oral antidiabetic agent that acts primarily on adipose tissue to reduce insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	91-98
15096659-4	2004	Pioglitazone, a synthetic PPAR-gamma activator, suppressed the increase of CD11b/CD18 expression on FMLP-activated leukocytes, as detected by immunofluorescence flow cytometry.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	26-36
15096659-4	2004	Pioglitazone, a synthetic PPAR-gamma activator, suppressed the increase of CD11b/CD18 expression on FMLP-activated leukocytes, as detected by immunofluorescence flow cytometry.	Pioglitazone	0-12	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	75-80
15096659-4	2004	Pioglitazone, a synthetic PPAR-gamma activator, suppressed the increase of CD11b/CD18 expression on FMLP-activated leukocytes, as detected by immunofluorescence flow cytometry.	Pioglitazone	0-12	integrin subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	81-85
15096659-4	2004	Pioglitazone, a synthetic PPAR-gamma activator, suppressed the increase of CD11b/CD18 expression on FMLP-activated leukocytes, as detected by immunofluorescence flow cytometry.	Pioglitazone	0-12	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	100-104
15096659-6	2004	Pioglitazone inhibited the expression of VCAM-1 protein and mRNA on activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) after IL-1beta stimulation, as detected by ELISA and real-time PCR.	Pioglitazone	0-12	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	41-47
15096659-6	2004	Pioglitazone inhibited the expression of VCAM-1 protein and mRNA on activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) after IL-1beta stimulation, as detected by ELISA and real-time PCR.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	131-139
15096659-8	2004	The present study revealed that pioglitazone can influence monocyte-EC binding by inhibiting VCAM-1 expression on activated EC and neutrophil-EC binding by inhibiting upregulation of CD11b/CD18 on activated neutrophils.	Pioglitazone	32-44	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	93-99
15096659-8	2004	The present study revealed that pioglitazone can influence monocyte-EC binding by inhibiting VCAM-1 expression on activated EC and neutrophil-EC binding by inhibiting upregulation of CD11b/CD18 on activated neutrophils.	Pioglitazone	32-44	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	183-188
15096659-8	2004	The present study revealed that pioglitazone can influence monocyte-EC binding by inhibiting VCAM-1 expression on activated EC and neutrophil-EC binding by inhibiting upregulation of CD11b/CD18 on activated neutrophils.	Pioglitazone	32-44	integrin subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	189-193
14693716-3	2004	TGF-beta 1 enhanced fibronectin mRNA expression, and this enhancement was abrogated by pretreatment with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	105-117	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	0-10
14693716-3	2004	TGF-beta 1 enhanced fibronectin mRNA expression, and this enhancement was abrogated by pretreatment with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	105-117	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	20-31
14693716-4	2004	Electrophoretic mobility shift assay identified that pioglitazone inhibited TGF-beta 1-induced DNA binding of activator protein-1 (AP-1).	Pioglitazone	53-65	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	76-86
14693716-4	2004	Electrophoretic mobility shift assay identified that pioglitazone inhibited TGF-beta 1-induced DNA binding of activator protein-1 (AP-1).	Pioglitazone	53-65	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	110-129
14693716-4	2004	Electrophoretic mobility shift assay identified that pioglitazone inhibited TGF-beta 1-induced DNA binding of activator protein-1 (AP-1).	Pioglitazone	53-65	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	131-135
14693716-5	2004	Pioglitazone inhibited AP-1 reporter activity but not Smad binding elements reporter activity without affecting TGF-beta 1-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) or Smad2.	Pioglitazone	0-12	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	23-27
14693716-9	2004	Dominant-negative PPAR-gamma (Delta PPAR-gamma) completely abrogated the inhibitory effect of pioglitazone and incompletely blocked its effect of 15d-PGJ(2) on TGF-beta 1-induced AP-1 reporter activity.	Pioglitazone	94-106	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	18-28
14693716-9	2004	Dominant-negative PPAR-gamma (Delta PPAR-gamma) completely abrogated the inhibitory effect of pioglitazone and incompletely blocked its effect of 15d-PGJ(2) on TGF-beta 1-induced AP-1 reporter activity.	Pioglitazone	94-106	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	36-46
14693716-11	2004	In conclusion, pioglitazone inhibits TGF-beta 1-induced fibronectin expression by inhibiting AP-1 activation dependent on PPAR-gamma, while 15d-PGJ(2) acts through a dual mechanism independent of and dependent on PPAR-gamma activation in mouse mesangial cells.	Pioglitazone	15-27	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	37-47
14693716-11	2004	In conclusion, pioglitazone inhibits TGF-beta 1-induced fibronectin expression by inhibiting AP-1 activation dependent on PPAR-gamma, while 15d-PGJ(2) acts through a dual mechanism independent of and dependent on PPAR-gamma activation in mouse mesangial cells.	Pioglitazone	15-27	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	56-67
14693716-11	2004	In conclusion, pioglitazone inhibits TGF-beta 1-induced fibronectin expression by inhibiting AP-1 activation dependent on PPAR-gamma, while 15d-PGJ(2) acts through a dual mechanism independent of and dependent on PPAR-gamma activation in mouse mesangial cells.	Pioglitazone	15-27	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	93-97
14693716-11	2004	In conclusion, pioglitazone inhibits TGF-beta 1-induced fibronectin expression by inhibiting AP-1 activation dependent on PPAR-gamma, while 15d-PGJ(2) acts through a dual mechanism independent of and dependent on PPAR-gamma activation in mouse mesangial cells.	Pioglitazone	15-27	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	122-132
14693980-6	2004	Fasting insulin levels were also reduced (pioglitazone arm -1.3 micro IU/ml; metformin arm -0.8 micro IU/ml).	Pioglitazone	42-54	insulin	Homo sapiens	8-15
15242346-2	2004	Many of the world"s most commonly prescribed drugs act via nuclear receptors, attesting to their importance as therapeutic targets in human disease [for example, the novel anti-diabetic thiazolidinediones rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are high-affinity ligands for peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma)].	Pioglitazone	223-235	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	266-314
15242346-2	2004	Many of the world"s most commonly prescribed drugs act via nuclear receptors, attesting to their importance as therapeutic targets in human disease [for example, the novel anti-diabetic thiazolidinediones rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are high-affinity ligands for peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma)].	Pioglitazone	223-235	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	316-325
14638618-4	2004	Pioglitazone treatment increased PPARgamma expression and activity in OP rats, suggesting a possible direct ligand-related effect of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	33-42
14638618-8	2004	Also, expression of p47phox and gp91phox, both increased in OP versus OR rats, was reduced in the former by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	108-120	neutrophil cytosolic factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-27
14638618-8	2004	Also, expression of p47phox and gp91phox, both increased in OP versus OR rats, was reduced in the former by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	108-120	cytochrome b-245 beta chain	Rattus norvegicus	32-40
14618613-4	2004	Not only troglitazone but pioglitazone dose-dependently inhibited cell growth in HepG2 and HLF cells.	Pioglitazone	26-38	HLF transcription factor, PAR bZIP family member	Homo sapiens	91-94
14715850-0	2004	Decreased plasma adiponectin concentrations are closely related to hepatic fat content and hepatic insulin resistance in pioglitazone-treated type 2 diabetic patients.	Pioglitazone	121-133	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	17-28
14715850-7	2004	Plasma adiponectin concentration correlated negatively with HFC (r = -0.60, P &lt; 0.05) and EGP (r = -0.80, P &lt; 0.004) and positively with Rd before (r = 0.68, P &lt; 0.02) pioglitazone treatment; similar correlations were observed between plasma adiponectin levels and HFC (r = -0.65, P &lt; 0.03) and Rd after (r = 0.70, P = 0.01) pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	177-189	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	7-18
14715850-7	2004	Plasma adiponectin concentration correlated negatively with HFC (r = -0.60, P &lt; 0.05) and EGP (r = -0.80, P &lt; 0.004) and positively with Rd before (r = 0.68, P &lt; 0.02) pioglitazone treatment; similar correlations were observed between plasma adiponectin levels and HFC (r = -0.65, P &lt; 0.03) and Rd after (r = 0.70, P = 0.01) pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	337-349	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	7-18
14715850-8	2004	EGP was almost completely suppressed after pioglitazone treatment; taken collectively, plasma adiponectin concentration, before and after pioglitazone treatment, still correlated negatively with EGP during the insulin clamp (r = -0.65, P &lt; 0.001).	Pioglitazone	43-55	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	94-105
14715850-8	2004	EGP was almost completely suppressed after pioglitazone treatment; taken collectively, plasma adiponectin concentration, before and after pioglitazone treatment, still correlated negatively with EGP during the insulin clamp (r = -0.65, P &lt; 0.001).	Pioglitazone	43-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	210-217
14690537-0	2004	Protection by pioglitazone in the MPTP model of Parkinson"s disease correlates with I kappa B alpha induction and block of NF kappa B and iNOS activation.	Pioglitazone	14-26	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha	Mus musculus	84-99
14690537-0	2004	Protection by pioglitazone in the MPTP model of Parkinson"s disease correlates with I kappa B alpha induction and block of NF kappa B and iNOS activation.	Pioglitazone	14-26	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	123-133
14690537-0	2004	Protection by pioglitazone in the MPTP model of Parkinson"s disease correlates with I kappa B alpha induction and block of NF kappa B and iNOS activation.	Pioglitazone	14-26	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	138-142
14690537-4	2004	We here investigated whether pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, protected mice from MPTP-induced dopaminergic cell loss, glial activation, and loss of catecholamines in the striatum.	Pioglitazone	29-41	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	45-54
14690537-6	2004	Oral administration of 20 mg/(kg day) of pioglitazone protected tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive substantia nigra neurons from death induced by 5 x 30 mg/kg MPTP.	Pioglitazone	41-53	tyrosine hydroxylase	Mus musculus	64-84
14690537-8	2004	In mice treated with pioglitazone, there were a reduced activation of microglia, reduced induction of iNOS-positive cells and less glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells in both striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta.	Pioglitazone	21-33	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	102-106
14690537-9	2004	In addition, treatment with pioglitazone almost completely blocked staining of TH-positive neurons for nitrotyrosine, a marker of NO-mediated cell damage.	Pioglitazone	28-40	tyrosine hydroxylase	Mus musculus	79-81
14690537-10	2004	Because an increase in inhibitory protein-kappa-Balpha (IkappaBalpha) expression and inhibition of translocation of the nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) subunit p65 to the nucleus in dopaminergic neurons, glial cells and astrocytes correlated with the protective effects of pioglitazone, our results suggest that pioglitazone sequentially acts through PPARgamma activation, IkappaBalpha induction, block of NFkappaB activation, iNOS induction and NO-mediated toxicity.	Pioglitazone	274-286	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	143-151
14690537-10	2004	Because an increase in inhibitory protein-kappa-Balpha (IkappaBalpha) expression and inhibition of translocation of the nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) subunit p65 to the nucleus in dopaminergic neurons, glial cells and astrocytes correlated with the protective effects of pioglitazone, our results suggest that pioglitazone sequentially acts through PPARgamma activation, IkappaBalpha induction, block of NFkappaB activation, iNOS induction and NO-mediated toxicity.	Pioglitazone	313-325	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	143-151
15479564-4	2004	Administration of pioglitazone significantly increased the plasma level of EC-SOD and adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	18-30	superoxide dismutase 3	Homo sapiens	75-81
15479564-4	2004	Administration of pioglitazone significantly increased the plasma level of EC-SOD and adiponectin.	Pioglitazone	18-30	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	86-97
15479564-7	2004	We found that a C/EBPbeta enhancer, prolactin, significantly induced the EC-SOD mRNA and protein levels in cultured fibroblast cell lines, but PPARgamma ligands, pioglitazone and other thiazolidinedione agents did not.	Pioglitazone	162-174	CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta	Homo sapiens	16-25
14623026-5	2003	Pioglitazone treatment during 4 weeks decreased the catalase activity in relation to the control diabetic animals.	Pioglitazone	0-12	catalase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	52-60
14966941-1	2004	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of hyperglycemia and pioglitazone on TGF-beta(1) gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and renal cortex, and the correlation of TGF-beta(1)mRNA levels between PBMC and renal cortex in STZ induced diabetic rats.	Pioglitazone	58-70	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-85
14966941-1	2004	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of hyperglycemia and pioglitazone on TGF-beta(1) gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and renal cortex, and the correlation of TGF-beta(1)mRNA levels between PBMC and renal cortex in STZ induced diabetic rats.	Pioglitazone	58-70	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
14966941-7	2004	There was positive correlation of TGF -beta(1)mRNA level between PBMC and renal cortex before (r=0.83, P=0.02) and after pioglitazone treatment at 8 weeks (r=0.82, P=0.03).	Pioglitazone	121-133	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
14966943-1	2004	OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes of serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and sex hormone levels in type 2 diabetes and to explore the correlation of SHBG with blood glucose, BMI, insulin sensitivity and the intervention of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	229-241	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	43-71
14966943-1	2004	OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes of serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and sex hormone levels in type 2 diabetes and to explore the correlation of SHBG with blood glucose, BMI, insulin sensitivity and the intervention of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	229-241	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	73-77
14966943-1	2004	OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes of serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and sex hormone levels in type 2 diabetes and to explore the correlation of SHBG with blood glucose, BMI, insulin sensitivity and the intervention of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	229-241	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	155-159
14623026-7	2003	Pioglitazone treatment during 8 weeks decreased the CAT activity and the level of lipid peroxidation products (LPO), and increased the Cu,Zn-SOD activity in relation to control diabetic animals.	Pioglitazone	0-12	catalase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	52-55
12958047-0	2003	Pioglitazone inhibits LOX-1 expression in human coronary artery endothelial cells by reducing intracellular superoxide radical generation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	22-27
14644389-7	2003	Second, pioglitazone (PIO), a thiazolidinedione, decreased the level of EN-RAGE mRNA by approximately 25% of the basal in a time- and a dose-dependent fashion.	Pioglitazone	8-20	S100 calcium binding protein A12	Homo sapiens	72-79
14644389-7	2003	Second, pioglitazone (PIO), a thiazolidinedione, decreased the level of EN-RAGE mRNA by approximately 25% of the basal in a time- and a dose-dependent fashion.	Pioglitazone	22-25	S100 calcium binding protein A12	Homo sapiens	72-79
14644389-8	2003	Pioglitazone also inhibited the induction of EN-RAGE mRNA by IL-6.	Pioglitazone	0-12	S100 calcium binding protein A12	Homo sapiens	45-52
14644389-8	2003	Pioglitazone also inhibited the induction of EN-RAGE mRNA by IL-6.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	61-65
12958047-3	2003	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma ligands, such as pioglitazone, exert antiatherosclerotic effects.	Pioglitazone	73-85	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-55
12958047-4	2003	This study examined the regulation of LOX-1 expression in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	110-122	oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	38-43
12958047-7	2003	Pioglitazone, in a concentration-dependent manner, reduced LOX-1 expression (P&lt;0.01 versus ox-LDL, Ang II, or TNF-alpha alone).	Pioglitazone	0-12	oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	59-64
12958047-7	2003	Pioglitazone, in a concentration-dependent manner, reduced LOX-1 expression (P&lt;0.01 versus ox-LDL, Ang II, or TNF-alpha alone).	Pioglitazone	0-12	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	102-108
12958047-7	2003	Pioglitazone, in a concentration-dependent manner, reduced LOX-1 expression (P&lt;0.01 versus ox-LDL, Ang II, or TNF-alpha alone).	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	113-122
12958047-8	2003	Ox-LDL, Ang II, and TNF-alpha each enhanced intracellular superoxide radical generation, and pioglitazone pretreatment reduced superoxide generation (P&lt;0.01 versus ox-LDL, Ang II, or TNF-alpha).	Pioglitazone	93-105	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	175-181
12958047-8	2003	Ox-LDL, Ang II, and TNF-alpha each enhanced intracellular superoxide radical generation, and pioglitazone pretreatment reduced superoxide generation (P&lt;0.01 versus ox-LDL, Ang II, or TNF-alpha).	Pioglitazone	93-105	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	186-195
12958047-9	2003	Furthermore, all 3 stimuli upregulated the expression of the transcription factors nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1 (determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay), and pioglitazone pretreatment reduced this expression (P&lt;0.01 versus ox-LDL, Ang II, or TNF-alpha).	Pioglitazone	187-199	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	263-269
12958047-9	2003	Furthermore, all 3 stimuli upregulated the expression of the transcription factors nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1 (determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay), and pioglitazone pretreatment reduced this expression (P&lt;0.01 versus ox-LDL, Ang II, or TNF-alpha).	Pioglitazone	187-199	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	274-283
12958047-10	2003	To determine the biological significance of pioglitazone-mediated downregulation of LOX-1, we studied monocyte adhesion to ox-LDL-treated HCAECs.	Pioglitazone	44-56	oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	84-89
12958047-12	2003	CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that the PPAR-gamma ligand pioglitazone reduces intracellular superoxide radical generation and subsequently reduces the expression of transcription factors, expression of the LOX-1 gene, and monocyte adhesion to activated endothelium.	Pioglitazone	67-79	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	49-59
12958047-12	2003	CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that the PPAR-gamma ligand pioglitazone reduces intracellular superoxide radical generation and subsequently reduces the expression of transcription factors, expression of the LOX-1 gene, and monocyte adhesion to activated endothelium.	Pioglitazone	67-79	oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	216-221
14624133-5	2003	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists, the thiazolidinediones, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, are insulin sensitizing agents, that are licensed for the management of hyperglycaemia.	Pioglitazone	87-99	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-52
14624133-5	2003	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists, the thiazolidinediones, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, are insulin sensitizing agents, that are licensed for the management of hyperglycaemia.	Pioglitazone	87-99	insulin	Homo sapiens	123-130
14671144-5	2003	Pioglitazone administration for 5 months improved insulin sensitivity as indicated by significantly (P &lt; 0.05) increased glucose infusion rates during the clamp studies.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
14671144-9	2003	The data indicate that granulosa cell responsiveness to FSH was enhanced by insulin after improved insulin sensitivity induced by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	130-142	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
14691289-0	2003	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	16-64
14691289-3	2003	This study examined the effects of the thiazolidinedione peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand, pioglitazone, in a rat model of MI/R injury.	Pioglitazone	114-126	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	57-105
14691289-9	2003	mRNA levels of MCP-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and the number of infiltrating macrophages in the ischemic region were significantly lower in the pioglitazone-treated group; and (2).	Pioglitazone	157-169	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	15-58
14691289-11	2003	Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated cultured macrophages in the presence of pioglitazone produced significantly lower levels of MCP-1 than the stimulated control in the absence of pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	83-95	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	135-140
12951066-5	2003	Glucose uptake and lipoprotein lipase mRNA levels were decreased by TNF-alpha in adipose tissues from the TNF-alpha-overexpressing mice, and pioglitazone blocked these inhibitions by TNF-alpha.	Pioglitazone	141-153	lipase, endothelial	Mus musculus	31-37
12951066-5	2003	Glucose uptake and lipoprotein lipase mRNA levels were decreased by TNF-alpha in adipose tissues from the TNF-alpha-overexpressing mice, and pioglitazone blocked these inhibitions by TNF-alpha.	Pioglitazone	141-153	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	68-77
12951066-5	2003	Glucose uptake and lipoprotein lipase mRNA levels were decreased by TNF-alpha in adipose tissues from the TNF-alpha-overexpressing mice, and pioglitazone blocked these inhibitions by TNF-alpha.	Pioglitazone	141-153	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	106-115
12951066-5	2003	Glucose uptake and lipoprotein lipase mRNA levels were decreased by TNF-alpha in adipose tissues from the TNF-alpha-overexpressing mice, and pioglitazone blocked these inhibitions by TNF-alpha.	Pioglitazone	141-153	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	106-115
12951066-7	2003	Present study revealed the different sensitivities of pioglitazone for the recovery of decreased insulin action in a TNF-alpha-overexpressing model using cell transplantation.	Pioglitazone	54-66	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	117-126
14522940-9	2003	Treatment of Apc(1309) mice with 100 and 200 ppm pioglitazone or bezafibrate for 6 weeks from 6 weeks of age caused dose-dependent reduction in serum triglycerides and cholesterol, along with reduction in the numbers of intestinal polyps to 67% of the control value.	Pioglitazone	49-61	APC, WNT signaling pathway regulator	Mus musculus	13-16
12946234-9	2003	The widespread use of PPAR gamma ligands for management of type 2 diabetes (such as the glitazone class of drugs including rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) may provide a fortuitous assessment of the efficacy of long-term PPAR modulation.	Pioglitazone	141-153	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	22-32
12946234-9	2003	The widespread use of PPAR gamma ligands for management of type 2 diabetes (such as the glitazone class of drugs including rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) may provide a fortuitous assessment of the efficacy of long-term PPAR modulation.	Pioglitazone	141-153	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	22-26
15017657-7	2003	Some parameters of insulin sensitivity improved when measured after 18 weeks of pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	80-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
12941708-5	2003	RESULTS: The pioglitazone treatment significantly reduced hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and HbA(1c) levels and increased plasma adiponectin concentrations relative to the control group (P &lt; 0.01).	Pioglitazone	13-25	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	131-142
12941708-8	2003	ANCOVA revealed that treatment with pioglitazone was associated with a low CRP and PWV, independent of the changes in parameters related to glucose metabolism.	Pioglitazone	36-48	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	75-78
12941723-1	2003	OBJECTIVE: The oral antidiabetic agent pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity and glycemic control and appears to lower atherogenic dense LDL in type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	39-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
12805475-0	2003	Prevention of ethanol-induced liver injury in rats by an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	118-130	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	68-116
12805475-3	2003	This study was intended to determine whether pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist, could prevent alcohol-induced liver injury.	Pioglitazone	45-57	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
12947137-5	2003	Activation of PPARgamma by rosiglitazone or pioglitazone significantly reduced TNF-alpha and PMA induced MMP-9 gelatinolytic activity in a concentration dependent manner in both cell lines, but did not alter the expression of tissue inhibitor of MMPs type 1 (TIMP-1), the local inhibitor of MMP-9.	Pioglitazone	44-56	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	14-23
12947137-5	2003	Activation of PPARgamma by rosiglitazone or pioglitazone significantly reduced TNF-alpha and PMA induced MMP-9 gelatinolytic activity in a concentration dependent manner in both cell lines, but did not alter the expression of tissue inhibitor of MMPs type 1 (TIMP-1), the local inhibitor of MMP-9.	Pioglitazone	44-56	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	79-88
12947137-5	2003	Activation of PPARgamma by rosiglitazone or pioglitazone significantly reduced TNF-alpha and PMA induced MMP-9 gelatinolytic activity in a concentration dependent manner in both cell lines, but did not alter the expression of tissue inhibitor of MMPs type 1 (TIMP-1), the local inhibitor of MMP-9.	Pioglitazone	44-56	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	105-110
12947137-5	2003	Activation of PPARgamma by rosiglitazone or pioglitazone significantly reduced TNF-alpha and PMA induced MMP-9 gelatinolytic activity in a concentration dependent manner in both cell lines, but did not alter the expression of tissue inhibitor of MMPs type 1 (TIMP-1), the local inhibitor of MMP-9.	Pioglitazone	44-56	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	259-265
12947137-5	2003	Activation of PPARgamma by rosiglitazone or pioglitazone significantly reduced TNF-alpha and PMA induced MMP-9 gelatinolytic activity in a concentration dependent manner in both cell lines, but did not alter the expression of tissue inhibitor of MMPs type 1 (TIMP-1), the local inhibitor of MMP-9.	Pioglitazone	44-56	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	291-296
14611672-0	2003	Dose-dependent suppression of hyperlipidemia and intestinal polyp formation in Min mice by pioglitazone, a PPAR gamma ligand.	Pioglitazone	91-103	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	107-117
14611672-1	2003	In our previous study, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) agonist, pioglitazone, suppressed both hyperlipidemia and intestinal polyp formation in Apc(1309) mice at doses of 100 and 200 ppm in the diet.	Pioglitazone	96-108	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	25-73
14611672-1	2003	In our previous study, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) agonist, pioglitazone, suppressed both hyperlipidemia and intestinal polyp formation in Apc(1309) mice at doses of 100 and 200 ppm in the diet.	Pioglitazone	96-108	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	75-85
14611672-6	2003	Moreover, up-regulation of the liver mRNA levels for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) was evident in the pioglitazone-treated animals.	Pioglitazone	97-109	lipoprotein lipase	Mus musculus	53-71
14611672-6	2003	Moreover, up-regulation of the liver mRNA levels for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) was evident in the pioglitazone-treated animals.	Pioglitazone	97-109	lipoprotein lipase	Mus musculus	73-76
14611672-9	2003	The PPAR gamma agonist, pioglitazone, may thus be a promising candidate chemopreventive agent for colon cancer.	Pioglitazone	24-36	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	4-14
14578253-7	2003	Both diet and exercise and pioglitazone improved insulin sensitivity, but only the former was associated with loss of intra-abdominal fat.	Pioglitazone	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
14578253-13	2003	Pioglitazone treatment also improves insulin sensitivity and lowers WHR, but this is due to a selective increase in lower body fat.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
14578253-14	2003	This confirms a site-specific responsiveness of adipose tissue to TZD and suggests that improvements in insulin sensitivity by pioglitazone are achieved independent of changes in intra-abdominal fat.	Pioglitazone	127-139	insulin	Homo sapiens	104-111
14705825-0	2003	Combined treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid and pioglitazone in a patient with NASH associated with type 2 diabetes and psoriasis.	Pioglitazone	49-61	SAM domain, SH3 domain and nuclear localization signals 1	Homo sapiens	80-84
15260389-0	2003	Beneficial effects of triple drug combination of pioglitazone with glibenclamide and metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on insulin therapy.	Pioglitazone	49-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
15260389-3	2003	OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of pioglitazone in combination with sulphonylurea and metformin on diabetes control in patients being treated with insulin due to secondary failure of oral hypoglycemic agents.	Pioglitazone	39-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	151-158
15260389-12	2003	CONCLUSIONS: With proper patient selection, pioglitazone with glibenclamide and metformin can be safely used in patients receiving insulin with good results.	Pioglitazone	44-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	131-138
14686729-6	2003	The effect of the PPARgamma ligand Pioglitazone (PGZ) either in the absence or in the presence of a RAR ligand [all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)] on the proliferation and apoptosis of glioblastoma cells was examined using two glioblastoma cell lines (N39 and DBTRG05MG).	Pioglitazone	49-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	18-27
14686729-9	2003	In addition, apoptosis occurred in both cell lines treated with either PGZ or ATRA, which was associated with a downregulation of bcl-2 and an upregulation of bax proteins.	Pioglitazone	71-74	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	130-135
14686729-9	2003	In addition, apoptosis occurred in both cell lines treated with either PGZ or ATRA, which was associated with a downregulation of bcl-2 and an upregulation of bax proteins.	Pioglitazone	71-74	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	159-162
14686729-11	2003	Furthermore, treatment of fresh glioblastoma tissue from patients with PGZ, either alone or in combination with ATRA, induced a significant level of tumor cell apoptosis together with a downregulation of bcl-2 protein level as compared with untreated control brain tissue.	Pioglitazone	71-74	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	204-209
14572662-0	2003	Pioglitazone reduces monocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium under flow by modulating RhoA GTPase and focal adhesion kinase.	Pioglitazone	0-12	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	104-125
14572662-4	2003	Further, pioglitazone treatment significantly reduced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at 925Y, but not at 397Y, suggesting a specific role in FAK-dependent signaling.	Pioglitazone	9-21	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	73-94
14572662-4	2003	Further, pioglitazone treatment significantly reduced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at 925Y, but not at 397Y, suggesting a specific role in FAK-dependent signaling.	Pioglitazone	9-21	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	96-99
14572662-4	2003	Further, pioglitazone treatment significantly reduced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at 925Y, but not at 397Y, suggesting a specific role in FAK-dependent signaling.	Pioglitazone	9-21	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	157-160
14601316-1	2003	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemopreventive effects of pioglitazone (exogenous PPAR gamma ligand) on rat colon aberrant crypt foci, a rat carcinogenesis model induced by dimethylhydrazine (DMH), and to compare pioglitazone with sulindac (a NSAID).	Pioglitazone	57-69	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	81-91
12930788-7	2003	NSAIDs activate the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma); however, a potent agonist of this receptor, pioglitazone, only modestly reduced SDS-soluble Abeta levels and did not affect amyloid plaque burden or microglia activation, indicating that PPARgamma activation is not involved in the Abeta lowering effect of NSAIDs.	Pioglitazone	151-163	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	95-104
12930788-7	2003	NSAIDs activate the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma); however, a potent agonist of this receptor, pioglitazone, only modestly reduced SDS-soluble Abeta levels and did not affect amyloid plaque burden or microglia activation, indicating that PPARgamma activation is not involved in the Abeta lowering effect of NSAIDs.	Pioglitazone	151-163	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	199-204
12930788-7	2003	NSAIDs activate the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma); however, a potent agonist of this receptor, pioglitazone, only modestly reduced SDS-soluble Abeta levels and did not affect amyloid plaque burden or microglia activation, indicating that PPARgamma activation is not involved in the Abeta lowering effect of NSAIDs.	Pioglitazone	151-163	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	294-303
12930788-7	2003	NSAIDs activate the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma); however, a potent agonist of this receptor, pioglitazone, only modestly reduced SDS-soluble Abeta levels and did not affect amyloid plaque burden or microglia activation, indicating that PPARgamma activation is not involved in the Abeta lowering effect of NSAIDs.	Pioglitazone	151-163	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	338-343
12871871-11	2003	CONCLUSIONS: In women with PCOS who failed to respond optimally to metformin, when pioglitazone was added, insulin, glucose, IR, insulin secretion, and DHEAS fell, HDL cholesterol and sex hormone-binding globulin rose, and menstrual regularity improved, without adverse side-effects.	Pioglitazone	83-95	insulin	Homo sapiens	107-114
12915698-0	2003	Plasma BNP levels in the treatment of type 2 diabetes with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	59-71	natriuretic peptide B	Homo sapiens	7-10
12821117-0	2003	PPAR-gamma overexpression suppresses glucose-induced proinsulin biosynthesis and insulin release synergistically with pioglitazone in MIN6 cells.	Pioglitazone	118-130	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-10
12821117-2	2003	In the present study, we investigated the synergistic effect of PPAR-gamma and its agonist, pioglitazone, on proinsulin biosynthesis and insulin release in a glucose-responsible insulinoma cell line, MIN6 cells.	Pioglitazone	92-104	insulin II	Mus musculus	109-119
12821117-5	2003	Pioglitazone treatment alone had no effects on these parameters of beta cell function in control MIN6 cells, although pioglitazone synergistically augmented the inhibitory effect of PPAR-gamma on proinsulin biosynthesis and insulin release under the condition of PPAR-gamma overexpression.	Pioglitazone	118-130	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	182-192
12821117-5	2003	Pioglitazone treatment alone had no effects on these parameters of beta cell function in control MIN6 cells, although pioglitazone synergistically augmented the inhibitory effect of PPAR-gamma on proinsulin biosynthesis and insulin release under the condition of PPAR-gamma overexpression.	Pioglitazone	118-130	insulin II	Mus musculus	196-206
12871756-0	2003	Pioglitazone, a specific ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, accelerates gastric ulcer healing in rat.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	35-83
12871756-2	2003	We determined the effect of the specific PPAR-gamma ligand, pioglitazone (5-40 mg/kg intragastrically), on the healing of acetic-acid gastric ulcers in rats.	Pioglitazone	60-72	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	41-51
12871756-4	2003	Pioglitazone reduced the area of gastric ulcers and raised significantly the gastric blood flow at the ulcer margin and downregulated the mRNA for interleukin-1beta, TNF-alpha, cyclooxygenase-2 and iNOS while cyclooxygenase-1 mRNA was not affected.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	147-164
12871756-4	2003	Pioglitazone reduced the area of gastric ulcers and raised significantly the gastric blood flow at the ulcer margin and downregulated the mRNA for interleukin-1beta, TNF-alpha, cyclooxygenase-2 and iNOS while cyclooxygenase-1 mRNA was not affected.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	166-175
12871756-4	2003	Pioglitazone reduced the area of gastric ulcers and raised significantly the gastric blood flow at the ulcer margin and downregulated the mRNA for interleukin-1beta, TNF-alpha, cyclooxygenase-2 and iNOS while cyclooxygenase-1 mRNA was not affected.	Pioglitazone	0-12	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	177-193
12871756-4	2003	Pioglitazone reduced the area of gastric ulcers and raised significantly the gastric blood flow at the ulcer margin and downregulated the mRNA for interleukin-1beta, TNF-alpha, cyclooxygenase-2 and iNOS while cyclooxygenase-1 mRNA was not affected.	Pioglitazone	0-12	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	198-202
12871756-4	2003	Pioglitazone reduced the area of gastric ulcers and raised significantly the gastric blood flow at the ulcer margin and downregulated the mRNA for interleukin-1beta, TNF-alpha, cyclooxygenase-2 and iNOS while cyclooxygenase-1 mRNA was not affected.	Pioglitazone	0-12	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	209-225
12871756-6	2003	We conclude that pioglitazone accelerates the healing of preexisting gastric ulcers due to the hyperemia at ulcer margin and the anti-inflammatory action including suppression of interleukin-1beta, TNF-alpha, cyclooxygenase-2 and iNOS and by an overexpression of HSP70.	Pioglitazone	17-29	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	179-196
12871756-6	2003	We conclude that pioglitazone accelerates the healing of preexisting gastric ulcers due to the hyperemia at ulcer margin and the anti-inflammatory action including suppression of interleukin-1beta, TNF-alpha, cyclooxygenase-2 and iNOS and by an overexpression of HSP70.	Pioglitazone	17-29	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	198-207
12871756-6	2003	We conclude that pioglitazone accelerates the healing of preexisting gastric ulcers due to the hyperemia at ulcer margin and the anti-inflammatory action including suppression of interleukin-1beta, TNF-alpha, cyclooxygenase-2 and iNOS and by an overexpression of HSP70.	Pioglitazone	17-29	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	209-225
12871756-6	2003	We conclude that pioglitazone accelerates the healing of preexisting gastric ulcers due to the hyperemia at ulcer margin and the anti-inflammatory action including suppression of interleukin-1beta, TNF-alpha, cyclooxygenase-2 and iNOS and by an overexpression of HSP70.	Pioglitazone	17-29	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	230-234
12871756-6	2003	We conclude that pioglitazone accelerates the healing of preexisting gastric ulcers due to the hyperemia at ulcer margin and the anti-inflammatory action including suppression of interleukin-1beta, TNF-alpha, cyclooxygenase-2 and iNOS and by an overexpression of HSP70.	Pioglitazone	17-29	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	263-268
12679450-1	2003	Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, improves glycemic control primarily by increasing peripheral insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes, whereas metformin, a biguanide, exerts its effect primarily by decreasing hepatic glucose output.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	96-103
12746275-5	2003	PPARalpha potentiates fatty acid catabolism in the liver and is the molecular target of the lipid-lowering fibrates (e.g. fenofibrate and gemfibrozil), whereas PPARgamma is essential for adipocyte differentiation and mediates the activity of the insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinediones (e.g. rosiglitazone and pioglitazone).	Pioglitazone	309-321	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9
12746275-5	2003	PPARalpha potentiates fatty acid catabolism in the liver and is the molecular target of the lipid-lowering fibrates (e.g. fenofibrate and gemfibrozil), whereas PPARgamma is essential for adipocyte differentiation and mediates the activity of the insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinediones (e.g. rosiglitazone and pioglitazone).	Pioglitazone	309-321	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	160-169
12730556-0	2003	Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity among nondiabetic patients with a recent transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
12730556-1	2003	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of pioglitazone compared with placebo for improving insulin sensitivity among nondiabetic patients with a recent transient ischemic attack (TIA) or nondisabling ischemic stroke and impaired insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	84-96	insulin	Homo sapiens	133-140
12730556-8	2003	The mean proportional increase in insulin sensitivity was 62% among patients assigned to pioglitazone compared with a -1% decline among patients assigned to placebo (P=0.0006).	Pioglitazone	89-101	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
12730556-9	2003	Mean C-reactive protein concentration declined from 0.30 to 0.20 mg/L among patients assigned to pioglitazone and increased from 0.41 to 0.45 mg/L among patients assigned to placebo (P=0.06 for comparison of mean change).	Pioglitazone	97-109	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	5-23
12730556-10	2003	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone is effective for improving insulin sensitivity among patients with recent TIA or stroke and impaired insulin sensitivity.	Pioglitazone	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
12732191-0	2003	Lipoprotein lipase mRNA in white adipose tissue but not in skeletal muscle is increased by pioglitazone through PPAR-gamma.	Pioglitazone	91-103	lipoprotein lipase	Mus musculus	0-18
12732191-0	2003	Lipoprotein lipase mRNA in white adipose tissue but not in skeletal muscle is increased by pioglitazone through PPAR-gamma.	Pioglitazone	91-103	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	112-122
12732191-4	2003	Pioglitazone increased LPL mRNA in WAT by 8-fold, which was substantially associated with a 4-fold increase of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma mRNA (r=0.97, p&lt;0.0001), whereas pioglitazone did not affect LPL mRNA in SM.	Pioglitazone	0-12	lipoprotein lipase	Mus musculus	23-26
12732191-4	2003	Pioglitazone increased LPL mRNA in WAT by 8-fold, which was substantially associated with a 4-fold increase of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma mRNA (r=0.97, p&lt;0.0001), whereas pioglitazone did not affect LPL mRNA in SM.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	111-166
12732191-4	2003	Pioglitazone increased LPL mRNA in WAT by 8-fold, which was substantially associated with a 4-fold increase of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma mRNA (r=0.97, p&lt;0.0001), whereas pioglitazone did not affect LPL mRNA in SM.	Pioglitazone	0-12	lipoprotein lipase	Mus musculus	231-234
12732191-5	2003	These results suggest that pioglitazone exclusively increases LPL production in WAT via stimulation of PPAR-gamma synthesis.	Pioglitazone	27-39	lipoprotein lipase	Mus musculus	62-65
12732191-5	2003	These results suggest that pioglitazone exclusively increases LPL production in WAT via stimulation of PPAR-gamma synthesis.	Pioglitazone	27-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	103-113
12795455-0	2003	Pioglitazone, a specific ligand of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma reduces gastric mucosal injury induced by ischaemia/ reperfusion in rat.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	39-87
12795455-2	2003	The present study was designed to investigate the effect of the specific PPARgamma ligand, pioglitazone, on the mucosal lesions induced by ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) in rats.	Pioglitazone	91-103	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	73-82
12795455-15	2003	TNFalpha mRNA was strongly increased after the exposure to I/R, but it was down-regulated after pioglitazone pretreatment.	Pioglitazone	96-108	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
12795455-17	2003	The pretreatment with pioglitazone caused a significant up-regulation of mRNA and protein expression of leptin, reaching its peak at the dose 30 mg/kg i.g.	Pioglitazone	22-34	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	104-110
12795455-21	2003	The inhibition of COX-2 expression by pioglitazone may reflect the anti-inflammatory properties of this compound.	Pioglitazone	38-50	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	18-23
12667961-9	2003	The NF-kappaB activation caused by CRP was inhibited by 15-deoxy-12,14-prostaglandin J2 and the PPARgamma activators, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	136-148	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	4-13
12667961-9	2003	The NF-kappaB activation caused by CRP was inhibited by 15-deoxy-12,14-prostaglandin J2 and the PPARgamma activators, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	136-148	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	35-38
12667961-9	2003	The NF-kappaB activation caused by CRP was inhibited by 15-deoxy-12,14-prostaglandin J2 and the PPARgamma activators, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	136-148	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	96-105
12809958-1	2003	OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to compare the effects of 2 doses of pioglitazone hydrochloride (a thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer) with placebo on glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), insulin sensitivity, and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had suboptimal glycemic control and mild dyslipidemia.	Pioglitazone	75-101	insulin	Homo sapiens	123-130
12809958-1	2003	OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to compare the effects of 2 doses of pioglitazone hydrochloride (a thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer) with placebo on glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), insulin sensitivity, and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had suboptimal glycemic control and mild dyslipidemia.	Pioglitazone	75-101	insulin	Homo sapiens	190-197
12809958-9	2003	Pioglitazone 30 and 45 mg significantly reduced fasting serum insulin versus placebo (P = 0.008 and P = 0.006, respectively) and increased insulin sensitivity by Homeostasis Model Assessment versus placebo (P = 0.039 and P = 0.001, respectively).	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	62-69
12809958-9	2003	Pioglitazone 30 and 45 mg significantly reduced fasting serum insulin versus placebo (P = 0.008 and P = 0.006, respectively) and increased insulin sensitivity by Homeostasis Model Assessment versus placebo (P = 0.039 and P = 0.001, respectively).	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
12809958-11	2003	Pioglitazone 45 mg also significantly reduced serum triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, and total cholesterol:HDL-C ratio versus placebo (P = 0.007, P = 0.015, and P = 0.005, respectively).	Pioglitazone	0-12	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	67-83
12809958-14	2003	CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, pioglitazone 30 and 45 mg produced significant improvements in HbA(1c), insulin sensitivity, and lipid profile in OAM-naive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with suboptimal glycemic control and mild dyslipidemia.	Pioglitazone	35-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	107-114
12642470-4	2003	While troglitazone was the most potent, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone generally exceeded troglitazone in absolute CYP3A4 activity achieved at concentrations &gt; or =10 microM.	Pioglitazone	58-70	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	115-121
12642470-6	2003	Microarray analysis revealed rifampin &gt; troglitazone &gt; pioglitazone &gt; rosiglitazone in terms of CYP3A4 mRNA induction potential with 10 microM compound.	Pioglitazone	61-73	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	105-111
12642470-11	2003	This is the first report of in vitro induction of P450 enzymes by rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	84-96	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	50-54
12679450-5	2003	At endpoint, pioglitazone was significantly more effective than metformin in improving indicators of insulin sensitivity, as determined by reduction of fasting serum insulin (P = 0.003) and by analysis of homeostasis model assessment for insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S; P = 0.002).	Pioglitazone	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	101-108
12679450-5	2003	At endpoint, pioglitazone was significantly more effective than metformin in improving indicators of insulin sensitivity, as determined by reduction of fasting serum insulin (P = 0.003) and by analysis of homeostasis model assessment for insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S; P = 0.002).	Pioglitazone	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	166-173
12679450-5	2003	At endpoint, pioglitazone was significantly more effective than metformin in improving indicators of insulin sensitivity, as determined by reduction of fasting serum insulin (P = 0.003) and by analysis of homeostasis model assessment for insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S; P = 0.002).	Pioglitazone	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	166-173
12679450-7	2003	Therefore, pioglitazone and metformin are equally efficacious in regard to glycemic control, but they exert significantly different effects on insulin sensitivity due to differing mechanisms of action.	Pioglitazone	11-23	insulin	Homo sapiens	143-150
12679450-8	2003	The more pronounced improvement in indicators of insulin sensitivity by pioglitazone, as compared with metformin monotherapy in patients recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who are OAM-naive, may be of interest for further clinical evaluation.	Pioglitazone	72-84	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
12675915-6	2003	Inflammatory responses were prevented by co-injection (ibuprofen or ciglitzaone) or oral administration (pioglitazone) of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists.	Pioglitazone	105-117	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	122-170
12675915-6	2003	Inflammatory responses were prevented by co-injection (ibuprofen or ciglitzaone) or oral administration (pioglitazone) of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists.	Pioglitazone	105-117	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	172-181
12628477-4	2003	YM440, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone displaced [3H]rosiglitazone from PPARgamma with K(i) values of 4.0, 3.1, and 0.20 microM, indicating that YM440 was comparable to pioglitazone and 20-fold less potent than rosiglitazone.	Pioglitazone	7-19	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	71-80
12628477-5	2003	Although pioglitazone and rosiglitazone increased both PPARgamma transactivation in cells expressing human full-length PPARgamma2 or GAL4-PPARgamma and mRNA expression of PPARgamma responsive genes in 3T3-L1 cells, YM440 had weak effects on PPARgamma transactivation and mRNA expression being 550- to 790-fold and 36- to 110-fold less active than rosiglitazone, respectively.	Pioglitazone	9-21	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	55-64
12628477-5	2003	Although pioglitazone and rosiglitazone increased both PPARgamma transactivation in cells expressing human full-length PPARgamma2 or GAL4-PPARgamma and mRNA expression of PPARgamma responsive genes in 3T3-L1 cells, YM440 had weak effects on PPARgamma transactivation and mRNA expression being 550- to 790-fold and 36- to 110-fold less active than rosiglitazone, respectively.	Pioglitazone	9-21	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	133-137
12628477-5	2003	Although pioglitazone and rosiglitazone increased both PPARgamma transactivation in cells expressing human full-length PPARgamma2 or GAL4-PPARgamma and mRNA expression of PPARgamma responsive genes in 3T3-L1 cells, YM440 had weak effects on PPARgamma transactivation and mRNA expression being 550- to 790-fold and 36- to 110-fold less active than rosiglitazone, respectively.	Pioglitazone	9-21	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	119-128
12628477-5	2003	Although pioglitazone and rosiglitazone increased both PPARgamma transactivation in cells expressing human full-length PPARgamma2 or GAL4-PPARgamma and mRNA expression of PPARgamma responsive genes in 3T3-L1 cells, YM440 had weak effects on PPARgamma transactivation and mRNA expression being 550- to 790-fold and 36- to 110-fold less active than rosiglitazone, respectively.	Pioglitazone	9-21	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	119-128
12628477-5	2003	Although pioglitazone and rosiglitazone increased both PPARgamma transactivation in cells expressing human full-length PPARgamma2 or GAL4-PPARgamma and mRNA expression of PPARgamma responsive genes in 3T3-L1 cells, YM440 had weak effects on PPARgamma transactivation and mRNA expression being 550- to 790-fold and 36- to 110-fold less active than rosiglitazone, respectively.	Pioglitazone	9-21	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	119-128
14586740-5	2003	Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma activator, mimicked the effect of troglitazone, but bezafibrate, a PPARalpha-activator, did not.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	16-25
12610044-1	2003	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) gene variants on the response rate to therapy with the thiazolidinedione (TZD) pioglitazone, because in vitro studies have suggested that genetic variants of the PPAR-gamma gene may influence the drug efficacy of TZD.	Pioglitazone	184-196	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	43-91
12610044-1	2003	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) gene variants on the response rate to therapy with the thiazolidinedione (TZD) pioglitazone, because in vitro studies have suggested that genetic variants of the PPAR-gamma gene may influence the drug efficacy of TZD.	Pioglitazone	184-196	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	93-103
12610044-5	2003	We evaluated the association between the PPAR-gamma genotype and the response rate to pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	86-98	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	41-51
12486128-4	2003	Incubation of cortical astrocytes with the PPAR gamma thiazolidinedione (TZD) agonist pioglitazone (Pio) significantly increased glucose consumption in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with maximal increase of 36% observed after 4 h in 30 microm Pio.	Pioglitazone	86-98	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
12486128-4	2003	Incubation of cortical astrocytes with the PPAR gamma thiazolidinedione (TZD) agonist pioglitazone (Pio) significantly increased glucose consumption in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with maximal increase of 36% observed after 4 h in 30 microm Pio.	Pioglitazone	100-103	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
12504102-5	2003	By means of this system, a marked increase (8.5-fold) in PPAR gamma transcriptional activity was detected after treatment with 10(-6)M pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione (TZD), indicating that this system can measure PPAR gamma activity accurately.	Pioglitazone	135-147	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	57-67
12503087-6	2003	Pioglitazone, a selective PPAR-gamma agonist, partially protected aggregates from anti-MOG demyelination.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	26-36
12503087-6	2003	Pioglitazone, a selective PPAR-gamma agonist, partially protected aggregates from anti-MOG demyelination.	Pioglitazone	0-12	myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	87-90
12503087-7	2003	Heat shock responses and the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha were diminished by pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	119-131	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	72-99
12503087-8	2003	Therefore, pioglitazone protection seems to be linked to an inhibition of glial cell proinflammatory activities following anti-MOG induced demyelination.	Pioglitazone	11-23	myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	127-130
12504102-5	2003	By means of this system, a marked increase (8.5-fold) in PPAR gamma transcriptional activity was detected after treatment with 10(-6)M pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione (TZD), indicating that this system can measure PPAR gamma activity accurately.	Pioglitazone	135-147	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	216-226
12917943-0	2003	Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for polycystic ovary syndrome.	Pioglitazone	67-79	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
14687436-11	2003	Our findings also suggest that leptin levels could be useful for assessing responders to pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	89-101	leptin	Homo sapiens	31-37
12542726-11	2003	When efficacy was classified by demographic variables, pioglitazone was found to be more effective in the subjects who had a higher postprandial 2-h plasma glucose level, leptin level or per cent body fat value.	Pioglitazone	55-67	leptin	Homo sapiens	171-177
12542726-0	2003	Clinical evaluation of pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes using alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and examination of its efficacy profile.	Pioglitazone	23-35	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	75-92
12542726-2	2003	This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety and clinical profile of pioglitazone in patients whose type 2 diabetes were poorly controlled with alpha-glucosidase inhibitor alone or alpha-glucosidase in combination with sulfonylurea.	Pioglitazone	82-94	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	157-174
12542726-2	2003	This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety and clinical profile of pioglitazone in patients whose type 2 diabetes were poorly controlled with alpha-glucosidase inhibitor alone or alpha-glucosidase in combination with sulfonylurea.	Pioglitazone	82-94	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	194-211
12542726-12	2003	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone was considered to be effective when used in patients whose type 2 diabetes were poorly controlled with alpha-glucosidase inhibitor alone or alpha-glucosidase in combination with sulfonylurea.	Pioglitazone	12-24	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	128-145
12542726-12	2003	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone was considered to be effective when used in patients whose type 2 diabetes were poorly controlled with alpha-glucosidase inhibitor alone or alpha-glucosidase in combination with sulfonylurea.	Pioglitazone	12-24	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	165-182
12825962-6	2003	When given as monotherapy or in combination with sulphonylureas, metformin or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes, the currently available thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) ameliorate glycaemic control, by lowering fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels, and improve insulin sensitivity in placebo-controlled trials.	Pioglitazone	182-194	insulin	Homo sapiens	78-85
12825962-6	2003	When given as monotherapy or in combination with sulphonylureas, metformin or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes, the currently available thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) ameliorate glycaemic control, by lowering fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels, and improve insulin sensitivity in placebo-controlled trials.	Pioglitazone	182-194	insulin	Homo sapiens	297-304
12519830-1	2003	A male type-2 diabetic, treated with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, Pioglitazone, experienced exacerbation of his thyroid eye disease (TED), which had been stable and inactive for more then 2 yr.	Pioglitazone	100-112	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	41-83
12519830-1	2003	A male type-2 diabetic, treated with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, Pioglitazone, experienced exacerbation of his thyroid eye disease (TED), which had been stable and inactive for more then 2 yr.	Pioglitazone	100-112	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	85-89
12463723-0	2002	Pioglitazone: effect on CYP3A4 activity.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	24-30
12466345-5	2002	Insulin sensitivity (M-value) increased by 1.2 +/- 1.7 mg/min/kg with pioglitazone compared with 0.4 +/- 1.4 mg/min/kg (P = 0.022) with placebo.	Pioglitazone	70-82	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
14668701-4	2003	The TZDs rosiglitazone and pioglitazone work mainly by reducing insulin resistance and may have the potential to alter the natural history of type 2 diabetes and reduce the cardiovascular mortality and morbidity associated with this condition.	Pioglitazone	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	64-71
28443766-0	2003	Pioglitazone, a Specific Ligand of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Reduces Gastric Mucosal Injury Induced by Ischaemia/Reperfusion in Rat.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	39-87
28443766-2	2003	The present study was designed to investigate the effect of the specific PPARgamma ligand, pioglitazone, on the mucosal lesions induced by ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) in rats.	Pioglitazone	91-103	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	73-82
28443766-15	2003	TNFalpha mRNA was strongly increased after the exposure to I/R, but it was down-regulated after pioglitazone pretreatment.	Pioglitazone	96-108	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
28443766-17	2003	The pretreatment with pioglitazone caused a significant up-regulation of mRNA and protein expression of leptin, reaching its peak at the dose 30 mg/kg i.g.	Pioglitazone	22-34	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	104-110
28443766-21	2003	The inhibition of COX-2 expression by pioglitazone may reflect the anti-inflammatory properties of this compound.	Pioglitazone	38-50	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	18-23
12473562-0	2002	Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, attenuates left ventricular remodeling and failure after experimental myocardial infarction.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	16-64
12473562-8	2002	Improvement of LV function by pioglitazone was accompanied by a decrease in myocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis and a reduced expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 genes in the noninfarcted LV from MI mice.	Pioglitazone	30-42	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	150-177
12473562-8	2002	Improvement of LV function by pioglitazone was accompanied by a decrease in myocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis and a reduced expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 genes in the noninfarcted LV from MI mice.	Pioglitazone	30-42	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	216-250
12466345-7	2002	Decreases in fasting insulin and glucose were significantly (P = 0.002 and P = 0.004, respectively) greater with pioglitazone than placebo.	Pioglitazone	113-125	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
12466345-9	2002	HDL-cholesterol was increased and apolipoprotein B was decreased to a significantly greater extent with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	104-116	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	34-50
12463723-1	2002	Clinical studies demonstrate CYP3A4 enzyme induction with troglitazone, a thiazolidinedione derivative structurally related to pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	127-139	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	29-35
12463723-2	2002	The objective of this prospective, open-label study conducted in healthy volunteers was to evaluate the influence of multiple-dose pioglitazone therapy on the urinary excretion ratio of 6-beta-hydroxycortisol to cortisol, an endogenous marker of CYP3A4 activity.	Pioglitazone	131-143	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	246-252
12617986-0	2002	Thrombomodulin expression by THP-1 but not by vascular endothelial cells is upregulated by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	91-103	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	0-14
12469695-5	2002	(4) Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone (glitazones that reduce insulin resistance) have been authorized in the European Union for combination with a glucose-lowering sulphonylurea (for patients in whom metformin is ineffective or poorly tolerated) or with metformin (for obese patients).	Pioglitazone	22-34	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
12393300-3	2002	The first of the thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizing agents, troglitazone was quickly followed by rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	118-130	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
12411463-4	2002	We examined the effects of pioglitazone (a PPARgamma ligand) in this rat model to determine whether PPARgamma activation with pioglitazone inhibits arteriosclerosis by its indirect effects on metabolic conditions or by direct effects on the cells participating to the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis.	Pioglitazone	126-138	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	100-109
12411463-6	2002	Pioglitazone did not reduce local expression of MCP-1 but markedly attenuated increased expression of the MCP-1 receptor C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) in lesional and circulating monocytes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	106-111
12411463-6	2002	Pioglitazone did not reduce local expression of MCP-1 but markedly attenuated increased expression of the MCP-1 receptor C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) in lesional and circulating monocytes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	C-C motif chemokine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	147-151
12411463-7	2002	PPARgamma activation with pioglitazone prevented coronary arteriosclerosis, possibly by its antiinflammatory effects (downregulation of CCR2 in circulating monocytes).	Pioglitazone	26-38	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
12411463-7	2002	PPARgamma activation with pioglitazone prevented coronary arteriosclerosis, possibly by its antiinflammatory effects (downregulation of CCR2 in circulating monocytes).	Pioglitazone	26-38	C-C motif chemokine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	136-140
12411463-8	2002	Inhibition of the CCR2-mediated inflammation may represent novel antiinflammatory actions of pioglitazone beyond improvement of metabolic state.	Pioglitazone	93-105	C-C motif chemokine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	18-22
12617986-0	2002	Thrombomodulin expression by THP-1 but not by vascular endothelial cells is upregulated by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	91-103	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	29-34
12617986-4	2002	Pioglitazone dose-dependently upregulated TM antigen expression by THP-1 cells accompanied by an upregulation of TM cofactor activity for thrombin-dependent protein C activation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	67-72
12617986-4	2002	Pioglitazone dose-dependently upregulated TM antigen expression by THP-1 cells accompanied by an upregulation of TM cofactor activity for thrombin-dependent protein C activation.	Pioglitazone	0-12	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	138-146
12617986-5	2002	Thrombomodulin mRNA expression in THP-1 cells was also upregulated by pioglitazone, whereas tissue factor (TF) mRNA expression was not induced at all.	Pioglitazone	70-82	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	0-14
12617986-5	2002	Thrombomodulin mRNA expression in THP-1 cells was also upregulated by pioglitazone, whereas tissue factor (TF) mRNA expression was not induced at all.	Pioglitazone	70-82	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	34-39
12617986-7	2002	PGF(2alpha) an agent known to inactivate PPARgamma, diminished the stimulatory effect of pioglitazone and PGJ2 on TM protein expression.	Pioglitazone	89-101	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	41-50
12413007-4	2002	He had injected over 100 units of insulin per day, however, testosterone replacement and administration of pioglitazone improved his glycemic control, which resulted in a decrease of insulin dose to less than 50 units per day.	Pioglitazone	107-119	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
12413007-4	2002	He had injected over 100 units of insulin per day, however, testosterone replacement and administration of pioglitazone improved his glycemic control, which resulted in a decrease of insulin dose to less than 50 units per day.	Pioglitazone	107-119	insulin	Homo sapiens	183-190
12479648-5	2002	Three different PPARgamma ligands (troglitazone, pioglitazone, and rosiglitazone) demonstrated beneficial dose-related treatment effects when administered prior to the onset of colitis.	Pioglitazone	49-61	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	16-25
12215492-6	2002	On the other hand, PPAR-gamma ligands troglitazone, pioglitazone, and 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) inhibited IL-1beta-induced IL-6 expression at a transcriptional revel in VSMCs.	Pioglitazone	52-64	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	19-29
12215492-6	2002	On the other hand, PPAR-gamma ligands troglitazone, pioglitazone, and 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) inhibited IL-1beta-induced IL-6 expression at a transcriptional revel in VSMCs.	Pioglitazone	52-64	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	121-129
12215492-6	2002	On the other hand, PPAR-gamma ligands troglitazone, pioglitazone, and 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) inhibited IL-1beta-induced IL-6 expression at a transcriptional revel in VSMCs.	Pioglitazone	52-64	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	138-142
12144946-2	2002	Here, we investigate effects of PPARgamma specific ligands, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, on formation of nitrotyrosine and increased expression of inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in adjuvant-induced murine arthritis.	Pioglitazone	78-90	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	32-41
12153485-0	2002	Protective action of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone in a mouse model of Parkinson"s disease.	Pioglitazone	82-94	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	25-73
12153485-1	2002	We examined the effect of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist of the thiazolidinedione class, on dopaminergic nerve cell death and glial activation in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson"s disease.	Pioglitazone	26-38	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	42-90
12153485-1	2002	We examined the effect of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist of the thiazolidinedione class, on dopaminergic nerve cell death and glial activation in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson"s disease.	Pioglitazone	26-38	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	92-101
12095915-0	2002	Pioglitazone improves the phenotype and molecular defects of a targeted Pkd1 mutant.	Pioglitazone	0-12	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting	Mus musculus	72-76
12160520-9	2002	In contrast, the bona fide PPARgamma ligands (TZDs; rosiglitazone, pioglitazone and troglitazone) barely inhibited proinflammatory cytokines, but strongly enhanced the production of IL-1Ra from PMA-stimulated THP-1 cells.	Pioglitazone	67-79	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	27-36
12044893-0	2002	PPAR gamma ligands, troglitazone and pioglitazone, up-regulate expression of HMG-CoA synthase and HMG-CoA reductase gene in THP-1 macrophages.	Pioglitazone	37-49	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Homo sapiens	98-115
12044893-0	2002	PPAR gamma ligands, troglitazone and pioglitazone, up-regulate expression of HMG-CoA synthase and HMG-CoA reductase gene in THP-1 macrophages.	Pioglitazone	37-49	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	124-129
12044893-2	2002	Using a ligand of PPAR gamma, troglitazone or pioglitazone, we have shown that the expression of two genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase and HMG-CoA reductase, were increased by activation of PPAR gamma through a PPAR response element (PPRE) in THP-1 macrophages.	Pioglitazone	46-58	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Homo sapiens	145-201
12044893-2	2002	Using a ligand of PPAR gamma, troglitazone or pioglitazone, we have shown that the expression of two genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase and HMG-CoA reductase, were increased by activation of PPAR gamma through a PPAR response element (PPRE) in THP-1 macrophages.	Pioglitazone	46-58	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Homo sapiens	206-223
12044893-2	2002	Using a ligand of PPAR gamma, troglitazone or pioglitazone, we have shown that the expression of two genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase and HMG-CoA reductase, were increased by activation of PPAR gamma through a PPAR response element (PPRE) in THP-1 macrophages.	Pioglitazone	46-58	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	257-267
12044893-2	2002	Using a ligand of PPAR gamma, troglitazone or pioglitazone, we have shown that the expression of two genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase and HMG-CoA reductase, were increased by activation of PPAR gamma through a PPAR response element (PPRE) in THP-1 macrophages.	Pioglitazone	46-58	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	310-315
12112074-3	2002	We demonstrate in two models of EAE that orally administered PPARgamma ligand pioglitazone reduced the incidence and severity of monophasic, chronic disease in C57BL/6 mice immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide and of relapsing disease in B10.Pl mice immunized with myelin basic protein.	Pioglitazone	78-90	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	61-70
12112074-3	2002	We demonstrate in two models of EAE that orally administered PPARgamma ligand pioglitazone reduced the incidence and severity of monophasic, chronic disease in C57BL/6 mice immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide and of relapsing disease in B10.Pl mice immunized with myelin basic protein.	Pioglitazone	78-90	myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein	Mus musculus	188-223
12112074-3	2002	We demonstrate in two models of EAE that orally administered PPARgamma ligand pioglitazone reduced the incidence and severity of monophasic, chronic disease in C57BL/6 mice immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide and of relapsing disease in B10.Pl mice immunized with myelin basic protein.	Pioglitazone	78-90	myelin basic protein	Mus musculus	287-307
12112074-7	2002	Pioglitazone also reduced the antigen-dependent interferon-gamma production from EAE-derived T cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	48-64
12050251-1	2002	We examined the effect of pioglitazone on abdominal fat distribution to elucidate the mechanisms via which pioglitazone improves insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	107-119	insulin	Homo sapiens	129-136
12050251-7	2002	In the postabsorptive state, hepatic insulin resistance [basal endogenous glucose production (EGP) x basal plasma insulin concentration] decreased from 41 +/- 7 to 25 +/- 3 mg/kg fat-free mass (FFM).min x microU/ml; P &lt; 0.05) and suppression of EGP during the first insulin clamp step (1.1 +/- 0.1 to 0.6 +/- 0.2 mg/kg FFM.min; P &lt; 0.05) improved after pioglitazone treatment.	Pioglitazone	359-371	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
12050251-14	2002	These results demonstrate that a shift of fat distribution from visceral to sc adipose depots after pioglitazone treatment is associated with improvements in hepatic and peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin.	Pioglitazone	100-112	insulin	Homo sapiens	203-210
12137601-7	2002	CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone 30 mg/day for 12 weeks might improve the metabolic control and the insulin sensitivity in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes with previous administration of sulphonylureas and metfomin.	Pioglitazone	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	92-99
12134427-0	2002	[Prevention of arteriosclerosis with the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	60-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	41-48
12193046-3	2002	We investigated the effects of the thiazolidinediones troglitazone and pioglitazone, activators of PPAR gamma, on cardiac hypertrophy due to pressure overload provoked by abdominal aortic banding (AB) in rats.	Pioglitazone	71-83	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
12193046-8	2002	Suppression of cardiac hypertrophy by pioglitazone treatment was accompanied by a decrease in expression of the gene encoding brain natriuretic factor, a molecular marker for cardiac hypertrophy, in AB rats.	Pioglitazone	38-50	natriuretic peptide B	Rattus norvegicus	126-150
12154112-7	2002	The administration of pioglitazone prevented the hypertension (HS-F rats, 129+/-4 mm Hg, versus HS-FP rats, 113+/-3 mm Hg, P&lt;0.05) and the reduction of medullary eNOS protein expression in HS-F rats.	Pioglitazone	22-34	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	165-169
12144946-6	2002	In addition, treatment with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone (30 microM) inhibited lipopolysaccharide plus tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced protein expression of iNOS, cyclooxygenase-2, ICAM-1 and nitrotyrosine formation in RAW 264 cells, a murine macrophage-like cell line.	Pioglitazone	45-57	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	104-137
12144946-6	2002	In addition, treatment with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone (30 microM) inhibited lipopolysaccharide plus tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced protein expression of iNOS, cyclooxygenase-2, ICAM-1 and nitrotyrosine formation in RAW 264 cells, a murine macrophage-like cell line.	Pioglitazone	45-57	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	168-172
12144946-6	2002	In addition, treatment with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone (30 microM) inhibited lipopolysaccharide plus tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced protein expression of iNOS, cyclooxygenase-2, ICAM-1 and nitrotyrosine formation in RAW 264 cells, a murine macrophage-like cell line.	Pioglitazone	45-57	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	174-190
12144946-6	2002	In addition, treatment with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone (30 microM) inhibited lipopolysaccharide plus tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced protein expression of iNOS, cyclooxygenase-2, ICAM-1 and nitrotyrosine formation in RAW 264 cells, a murine macrophage-like cell line.	Pioglitazone	45-57	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	192-198
12144946-7	2002	Rosiglitazone or pioglitazone inhibited increase in phosphorylated I-kappaB (pI-kappaB) expression, as an index of activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, in both joint tissues and RAW264 cells.	Pioglitazone	17-29	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	129-155
12095915-7	2002	Maternally administered pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione compound, resolved these molecular defects of Pkd1(-/-).	Pioglitazone	24-36	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting	Mus musculus	104-108
12095915-8	2002	Treatment with pioglitazone improved survival of Pkd1(-/-) embryos and ameliorated the cardiac defects and the degree of renal cystogenesis.	Pioglitazone	15-27	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting	Mus musculus	49-53
12095915-9	2002	Long-term treatment with pioglitazone improved the endothelial function of adult Pkd1(+/-).	Pioglitazone	25-37	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting	Mus musculus	81-85
12201216-0	2002	Effect of pioglitazone on blood proinsulin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	10-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-42
12201216-1	2002	The objective of this study was to clarify the influence of pioglitazone (Pio) on proinsulin (PI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	60-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	82-92
12201216-1	2002	The objective of this study was to clarify the influence of pioglitazone (Pio) on proinsulin (PI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	74-77	insulin	Homo sapiens	82-92
12074206-10	2002	Pioglitazone, when added to stable insulin regimens, significantly improved HbA1c and FPG in type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
12144946-2	2002	Here, we investigate effects of PPARgamma specific ligands, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, on formation of nitrotyrosine and increased expression of inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in adjuvant-induced murine arthritis.	Pioglitazone	78-90	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	181-212
12144946-2	2002	Here, we investigate effects of PPARgamma specific ligands, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, on formation of nitrotyrosine and increased expression of inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in adjuvant-induced murine arthritis.	Pioglitazone	78-90	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	214-218
12144946-2	2002	Here, we investigate effects of PPARgamma specific ligands, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, on formation of nitrotyrosine and increased expression of inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in adjuvant-induced murine arthritis.	Pioglitazone	78-90	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	221-237
12144946-2	2002	Here, we investigate effects of PPARgamma specific ligands, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, on formation of nitrotyrosine and increased expression of inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in adjuvant-induced murine arthritis.	Pioglitazone	78-90	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	242-275
12144946-2	2002	Here, we investigate effects of PPARgamma specific ligands, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, on formation of nitrotyrosine and increased expression of inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in adjuvant-induced murine arthritis.	Pioglitazone	78-90	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	277-283
11953889-4	2002	Pioglitazone, a selective ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, and 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)), a putative endogenous ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, inhibited the proliferation of OUMS-27 cells in a dose-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	179-227
11934839-7	2002	Pretreatment of cells with well-established PPARalpha (WY14643 or fenofibrate) or PPARgamma (BRL49653/rosiglitazone or pioglitazone) activators reduced anti-CD3-induced IFNgamma secretion in a concentration-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	119-131	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	82-91
11952783-8	2002	Deletion of the PPRE abolished the pioglitazone-mediated induction of AQPap promoter activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	35-47	aquaporin 7	Homo sapiens	70-75
11874940-0	2002	Dose-response effect of pioglitazone on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	24-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	40-47
11889020-4	2002	METHODS AND RESULTS: Treatment of cultured cardiac myocytes with PPARgamma ligands such as troglitazone, pioglitazone, and rosiglitazone inhibited Ang II-induced upregulation of skeletal alpha-actin and atrial natriuretic peptide genes and an increase in cell surface area.	Pioglitazone	105-117	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	65-74
11889020-4	2002	METHODS AND RESULTS: Treatment of cultured cardiac myocytes with PPARgamma ligands such as troglitazone, pioglitazone, and rosiglitazone inhibited Ang II-induced upregulation of skeletal alpha-actin and atrial natriuretic peptide genes and an increase in cell surface area.	Pioglitazone	105-117	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	147-153
11889020-4	2002	METHODS AND RESULTS: Treatment of cultured cardiac myocytes with PPARgamma ligands such as troglitazone, pioglitazone, and rosiglitazone inhibited Ang II-induced upregulation of skeletal alpha-actin and atrial natriuretic peptide genes and an increase in cell surface area.	Pioglitazone	105-117	natriuretic peptide type A	Mus musculus	203-229
11889020-5	2002	Treatment of mice with a PPARgamma ligand, pioglitazone, inhibited pressure overload-induced increases in the heart weight-to-body weight ratio, wall thickness, and myocyte diameter in wild-type mice and an increase in the heart weight-to-body weight ratio in heterozygous PPARgamma-deficient mice.	Pioglitazone	43-55	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	25-34
11889020-5	2002	Treatment of mice with a PPARgamma ligand, pioglitazone, inhibited pressure overload-induced increases in the heart weight-to-body weight ratio, wall thickness, and myocyte diameter in wild-type mice and an increase in the heart weight-to-body weight ratio in heterozygous PPARgamma-deficient mice.	Pioglitazone	43-55	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	273-282
11874940-1	2002	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dose-response effects of pioglitazone on glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	55-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	89-96
11874940-6	2002	Fasting plasma insulin decreased significantly in the 45-mg/day pioglitazone group, but the mean plasma insulin during the OGTT did not change.	Pioglitazone	64-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
11874940-7	2002	The insulinogenic index (delta area under the curve [AUC] insulin/deltaAUC glucose) during the OGTT increased significantly in the 30- and 45-mg/day pioglitazone groups (0.13 +/- 0.03 to 0.27 +/- 0.05, P &lt; 0.05).	Pioglitazone	149-161	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
11921435-7	2002	Further differences in the safety profiles of these agents arise because the oxidative metabolism for each agent occurs by distinct cytochrome pathways: troglitazone and pioglitazone involve CYP 3A4 and CYP 2C8 whereas rosiglitazone is principally metabolized by CYP 2C8.	Pioglitazone	170-182	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	191-198
11921435-7	2002	Further differences in the safety profiles of these agents arise because the oxidative metabolism for each agent occurs by distinct cytochrome pathways: troglitazone and pioglitazone involve CYP 3A4 and CYP 2C8 whereas rosiglitazone is principally metabolized by CYP 2C8.	Pioglitazone	170-182	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	203-210
11921435-7	2002	Further differences in the safety profiles of these agents arise because the oxidative metabolism for each agent occurs by distinct cytochrome pathways: troglitazone and pioglitazone involve CYP 3A4 and CYP 2C8 whereas rosiglitazone is principally metabolized by CYP 2C8.	Pioglitazone	170-182	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	263-270
11921435-8	2002	CYP 3A4 is involved in the metabolism of over 150 drugs, hence the potential for drug interactions with troglitazone and pioglitazone is much greater than with rosiglitazone.	Pioglitazone	121-133	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
11836575-9	2002	Data obtained by luciferase assay indicated that the intrinsic PPARgamma protein was activated by the synthetic ligands, troglitazone and pioglitazone, but not by the natural ligand, 15-deoxy-delta12, 14-prostaglandin J2.	Pioglitazone	138-150	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	63-72
11887166-10	2002	It is also suggested that pioglitazone may have an antiatherosclerotic effect by increasing serum adiponectin level.	Pioglitazone	26-38	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	98-109
11829461-1	2002	Here we investigated the effect of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma ligand, on early-phase hepatic fibrogenesis in vivo caused by acute carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) administration in the rat.	Pioglitazone	35-47	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	51-106
11829461-2	2002	Pioglitazone (1 mg/kg BW) prevented pericentral fibrosis and induction of alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) 72 h after CCl(4) administration (1 ml/kg BW).	Pioglitazone	0-12	actin gamma 2, smooth muscle	Rattus norvegicus	74-99
14727995-17	2002	All of the thiazolidinediones increase serum LDL-C levels (pioglitazone to a lesser extent), although changes in the size of the LDL fraction may render it less susceptible to oxidation and, therefore, less atherogenic.	Pioglitazone	59-71	component of oligomeric golgi complex 2	Homo sapiens	45-50
11991651-2	2002	In contrast, in the macrophage-like cell line RAW 264.7, BADGE, like the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone hydrochloride, not only increased promoter activity of the PPARgamma-luciferase reporter gene, but also suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production.	Pioglitazone	91-117	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	73-82
11991651-2	2002	In contrast, in the macrophage-like cell line RAW 264.7, BADGE, like the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone hydrochloride, not only increased promoter activity of the PPARgamma-luciferase reporter gene, but also suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production.	Pioglitazone	91-117	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	163-172
11991651-4	2002	Furthermore, overexpression of the coactivator p300 restored BADGE- or pioglitazone hydrochloride-suppressed promoter activity of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB)-luciferase reporter gene, suggesting that PPARgamma may interfere with NF-kappaB transcriptional activity via coactivator competition.	Pioglitazone	71-97	E1A binding protein p300	Mus musculus	47-51
11991651-4	2002	Furthermore, overexpression of the coactivator p300 restored BADGE- or pioglitazone hydrochloride-suppressed promoter activity of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB)-luciferase reporter gene, suggesting that PPARgamma may interfere with NF-kappaB transcriptional activity via coactivator competition.	Pioglitazone	71-97	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	134-156
11991651-4	2002	Furthermore, overexpression of the coactivator p300 restored BADGE- or pioglitazone hydrochloride-suppressed promoter activity of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB)-luciferase reporter gene, suggesting that PPARgamma may interfere with NF-kappaB transcriptional activity via coactivator competition.	Pioglitazone	71-97	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	158-167
11991651-4	2002	Furthermore, overexpression of the coactivator p300 restored BADGE- or pioglitazone hydrochloride-suppressed promoter activity of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB)-luciferase reporter gene, suggesting that PPARgamma may interfere with NF-kappaB transcriptional activity via coactivator competition.	Pioglitazone	71-97	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	211-220
11991651-4	2002	Furthermore, overexpression of the coactivator p300 restored BADGE- or pioglitazone hydrochloride-suppressed promoter activity of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB)-luciferase reporter gene, suggesting that PPARgamma may interfere with NF-kappaB transcriptional activity via coactivator competition.	Pioglitazone	71-97	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	240-249
12000972-4	2002	PPAR-gamma ligands of (e.g., rosigitazone and pioglitazone) have been shown to exert antiatherogenic effects both in vitro and in vivo.	Pioglitazone	46-58	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-10
12688511-0	2002	Pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma ligand, provides protection from dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice in association with inhibition of the NF-kappaB-cytokine cascade.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	16-26
12688513-0	2002	Suppression of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury by a specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand, pioglitazone, in rats.	Pioglitazone	125-137	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	68-116
12688513-3	2002	The aim of the present study was to determine whether pioglitazone, a specific PPAR-gamma ligand, can ameliorate reperfusion-induced intestinal injury in rats, and whether the agent can inhibit the increase in neutrophil accumulation associated with TNF-alpha expression.	Pioglitazone	54-66	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	79-89
12688513-3	2002	The aim of the present study was to determine whether pioglitazone, a specific PPAR-gamma ligand, can ameliorate reperfusion-induced intestinal injury in rats, and whether the agent can inhibit the increase in neutrophil accumulation associated with TNF-alpha expression.	Pioglitazone	54-66	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	250-259
12688513-7	2002	The increase in tissue-associated myeloperoxidase activity, an index of neutrophil infiltration, after reperfusion was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	164-176	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	34-49
12688513-8	2002	Pioglitazone also inhibited increases in intestinal TNF-alpha protein and mRNA expression determined by ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	52-61
15832486-14	2002	CONCLUSIONS: Six months of pioglitazone treatment decreased insulin resistance and improved glycemic control to a significantly greater extent than acarbose treatment.	Pioglitazone	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	60-67
11687581-5	2001	PPAR gamma agonists 15-d-PGJ2 and thiazolidinediones such as pioglitazone and troglitazone elicited rapid activation of ERK within 15 min and induced c-fos mRNA expression within 30 min, whereas the PPAR alpha agonist bezafibrate failed to activate ERK.	Pioglitazone	61-73	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-10
11687581-5	2001	PPAR gamma agonists 15-d-PGJ2 and thiazolidinediones such as pioglitazone and troglitazone elicited rapid activation of ERK within 15 min and induced c-fos mRNA expression within 30 min, whereas the PPAR alpha agonist bezafibrate failed to activate ERK.	Pioglitazone	61-73	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	120-123
11687581-5	2001	PPAR gamma agonists 15-d-PGJ2 and thiazolidinediones such as pioglitazone and troglitazone elicited rapid activation of ERK within 15 min and induced c-fos mRNA expression within 30 min, whereas the PPAR alpha agonist bezafibrate failed to activate ERK.	Pioglitazone	61-73	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	150-155
11687581-5	2001	PPAR gamma agonists 15-d-PGJ2 and thiazolidinediones such as pioglitazone and troglitazone elicited rapid activation of ERK within 15 min and induced c-fos mRNA expression within 30 min, whereas the PPAR alpha agonist bezafibrate failed to activate ERK.	Pioglitazone	61-73	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	199-209
11687581-5	2001	PPAR gamma agonists 15-d-PGJ2 and thiazolidinediones such as pioglitazone and troglitazone elicited rapid activation of ERK within 15 min and induced c-fos mRNA expression within 30 min, whereas the PPAR alpha agonist bezafibrate failed to activate ERK.	Pioglitazone	61-73	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	249-252
11679588-6	2001	The AQPap mRNA in the adipose tissue increased when mice were treated with pioglitazone (PGZ), a synthetic PPARgamma ligand, and decreased in PPARgamma(+/-) heterozygous knockout mice.	Pioglitazone	75-87	aquaporin 7	Mus musculus	4-9
11679588-6	2001	The AQPap mRNA in the adipose tissue increased when mice were treated with pioglitazone (PGZ), a synthetic PPARgamma ligand, and decreased in PPARgamma(+/-) heterozygous knockout mice.	Pioglitazone	75-87	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	107-116
11679588-6	2001	The AQPap mRNA in the adipose tissue increased when mice were treated with pioglitazone (PGZ), a synthetic PPARgamma ligand, and decreased in PPARgamma(+/-) heterozygous knockout mice.	Pioglitazone	89-92	aquaporin 7	Mus musculus	4-9
11679588-6	2001	The AQPap mRNA in the adipose tissue increased when mice were treated with pioglitazone (PGZ), a synthetic PPARgamma ligand, and decreased in PPARgamma(+/-) heterozygous knockout mice.	Pioglitazone	89-92	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	107-116
11679588-7	2001	In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, PGZ augmented the AQPap mRNA expression and its promoter activity.	Pioglitazone	22-25	aquaporin 7	Mus musculus	40-45
11812925-7	2002	The differentiating effect of pioglitazone, which induces adipogenesis by activating PPAR gamma, is inhibited by arsenic, suggesting that arsenic interferes with adipogenic signaling at or below the level of PPAR gamma.	Pioglitazone	30-42	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	85-95
11812925-7	2002	The differentiating effect of pioglitazone, which induces adipogenesis by activating PPAR gamma, is inhibited by arsenic, suggesting that arsenic interferes with adipogenic signaling at or below the level of PPAR gamma.	Pioglitazone	30-42	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	208-218
11754868-4	2002	Prolonged treatment of obese and diabetic mice, but not of lean control mice, with the selective PPARgamma ligands and activators, thiazolidinediones (TZDs), including troglitazone, rosiglitazone, or pioglitazone, has resulted in the development of severe hepatic centrilobular steatosis.	Pioglitazone	200-212	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	97-106
12481203-5	2002	Pioglitazone strongly increases insulin sensitivity, improves glucose and lipid metabolism and showed no evidence of hepatotoxicity.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
12481203-6	2002	The mechanism of the antidiabetic action of pioglitazone involves activation of insulin receptors and/or high affinity for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	44-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	80-87
12481203-6	2002	The mechanism of the antidiabetic action of pioglitazone involves activation of insulin receptors and/or high affinity for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	44-56	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	123-171
12481203-6	2002	The mechanism of the antidiabetic action of pioglitazone involves activation of insulin receptors and/or high affinity for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	44-56	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	173-182
12481203-8	2002	The direct antioxidant effect of pioglitazone may contribute to its effect on insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	33-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	78-85
12481203-9	2002	The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of pioglitazone are likely to reduce the expression of TNFalpha.	Pioglitazone	46-58	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	98-106
12688526-0	2002	A specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligand, pioglitazone, ameliorates gastric mucosal damage induced by ischemia and reperfusion in rats.	Pioglitazone	81-93	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	11-59
12688526-0	2002	A specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligand, pioglitazone, ameliorates gastric mucosal damage induced by ischemia and reperfusion in rats.	Pioglitazone	81-93	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
12688526-7	2002	The concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the gastric mucosa were both significantly increased after I/R, and pretreatment with pioglitazone significantly reduced these increases.	Pioglitazone	193-205	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	73-88
12688526-7	2002	The concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the gastric mucosa were both significantly increased after I/R, and pretreatment with pioglitazone significantly reduced these increases.	Pioglitazone	193-205	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
12688526-9	2002	These increases in TNF-alpha and CINC-2beta were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with pioglitazone at a dose of 10 mg/kg.	Pioglitazone	94-106	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	19-28
11829461-2	2002	Pioglitazone (1 mg/kg BW) prevented pericentral fibrosis and induction of alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) 72 h after CCl(4) administration (1 ml/kg BW).	Pioglitazone	0-12	actin gamma 2, smooth muscle	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
11712406-4	2001	Although the exact molecular mechanism of reducing insulin resistance still remains obscure, pioglitazone normalizes abnormalities in the cellular insulin signal transduction.	Pioglitazone	93-105	insulin	Homo sapiens	147-154
11745416-7	2001	In addition, implanted Panc-1 tumors in nude mice showed significant inhibition of tumor growth, when treated with pioglitazone, another specific ligand of PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	115-127	pancreas protein 1	Mus musculus	23-29
11745416-7	2001	In addition, implanted Panc-1 tumors in nude mice showed significant inhibition of tumor growth, when treated with pioglitazone, another specific ligand of PPARgamma.	Pioglitazone	115-127	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	156-165
11592060-4	2001	We found that the synthetic PPARgamma agonist rosiglitazone (as well as pioglitazone and troglitazone) significantly increases on LPS- and CD40L-activated MDDC, the surface expression of CD36 (by 184% and 104%, respectively) and CD86 (by 54% and 48%), whereas it reduces the synthesis of CD80 (by 42% and 42%).	Pioglitazone	72-84	CD40 ligand	Homo sapiens	139-144
11586492-2	2001	Pioglitazone is a newly developed antidiabetic agent that attenuates insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	69-76
11563856-7	2001	MTT assay in 3 RCC cells showed that the synthetic PPAR-gamma agonists thiazolidinedione compounds (pioglitazone and troglitazone) and the endogeneous PPAR-gamma ligand, 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J(2) (15dPGJ(2)) inhibited the growth of the RCC cells.	Pioglitazone	100-112	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	51-61
11712406-5	2001	This effect seems to be due to the inhibitory action of pioglitazone on TNF-alpha production, which is one of the factors responsible for insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	56-68	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	72-81
11712406-5	2001	This effect seems to be due to the inhibitory action of pioglitazone on TNF-alpha production, which is one of the factors responsible for insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	56-68	insulin	Homo sapiens	138-145
11712406-6	2001	Pioglitazone is a potent agonist for the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor(PPAR)-gamma, that is related to differentiation of adipocytes, and the relationship between TNF-alpha production and PPAR-gamma has been reported.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	84-95
11712406-6	2001	Pioglitazone is a potent agonist for the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor(PPAR)-gamma, that is related to differentiation of adipocytes, and the relationship between TNF-alpha production and PPAR-gamma has been reported.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	176-185
11712406-6	2001	Pioglitazone is a potent agonist for the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor(PPAR)-gamma, that is related to differentiation of adipocytes, and the relationship between TNF-alpha production and PPAR-gamma has been reported.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	201-211
11712406-7	2001	Therefore, the agonistic activity of pioglitazone on PPAR-gamma may be involved in the mechanism for reducing insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	37-49	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	53-63
11712406-7	2001	Therefore, the agonistic activity of pioglitazone on PPAR-gamma may be involved in the mechanism for reducing insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	37-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	110-117
11712406-8	2001	Recently, it was demonstrated that pioglitazone is also an agonist of PPAR-alpha, which plays a central role in lipid metabolism through enhancing the synthesis of apo AI, apo AII and reverse cholesterol transporters, such as fatty acid transporter molecules, and SR-B1 and ABCA1 reverse cholesterol transport receptors.	Pioglitazone	35-47	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	70-80
11712406-8	2001	Recently, it was demonstrated that pioglitazone is also an agonist of PPAR-alpha, which plays a central role in lipid metabolism through enhancing the synthesis of apo AI, apo AII and reverse cholesterol transporters, such as fatty acid transporter molecules, and SR-B1 and ABCA1 reverse cholesterol transport receptors.	Pioglitazone	35-47	apolipoprotein A2	Homo sapiens	172-179
11712406-8	2001	Recently, it was demonstrated that pioglitazone is also an agonist of PPAR-alpha, which plays a central role in lipid metabolism through enhancing the synthesis of apo AI, apo AII and reverse cholesterol transporters, such as fatty acid transporter molecules, and SR-B1 and ABCA1 reverse cholesterol transport receptors.	Pioglitazone	35-47	scavenger receptor class B member 1	Homo sapiens	264-269
11712406-8	2001	Recently, it was demonstrated that pioglitazone is also an agonist of PPAR-alpha, which plays a central role in lipid metabolism through enhancing the synthesis of apo AI, apo AII and reverse cholesterol transporters, such as fatty acid transporter molecules, and SR-B1 and ABCA1 reverse cholesterol transport receptors.	Pioglitazone	35-47	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	274-279
11594239-3	2001	Pioglitazone improves glycaemic control in people with Type 2 diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity through its action at PPAR gamma 1 and PPAR gamma 2, and affects lipid metabolism through action at PPAR alpha.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	204-214
11485917-8	2001	PPARgamma ligands (15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2), troglitazone and pioglitazone) suppressed the growth of nonneoplastic and neoplastic urothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	78-90	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
11523631-3	2001	In past experiments, we used both labeled glucose uptake, lipogenesis, and stimulation of calmodulin gene expression to quantify the ability of the antidiabetic drugs (pioglitazone and metformin) to reverse tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced IR in these insulin-treated cells.	Pioglitazone	168-180	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	207-234
11523631-3	2001	In past experiments, we used both labeled glucose uptake, lipogenesis, and stimulation of calmodulin gene expression to quantify the ability of the antidiabetic drugs (pioglitazone and metformin) to reverse tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced IR in these insulin-treated cells.	Pioglitazone	168-180	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	236-245
11523631-3	2001	In past experiments, we used both labeled glucose uptake, lipogenesis, and stimulation of calmodulin gene expression to quantify the ability of the antidiabetic drugs (pioglitazone and metformin) to reverse tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced IR in these insulin-treated cells.	Pioglitazone	168-180	insulin	Homo sapiens	267-274
11491207-6	2001	RESULTS: Compared with placebo, pioglitazone significantly (P= 0.0001) reduced HbA1c (-1.37% points), FPG (-3.19 mmol/l; -57.5 mg/dl), fasting C-peptide (-0.076+/-0.022 nmol/l), and fasting insulin (-11.88+/-4.70 pmol/l).	Pioglitazone	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	190-197
11491207-7	2001	Pioglitazone significantly (P &lt; 0.001) decreased insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; -12.4+/-7.46%) and improved beta-cell function (Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-BCF); +47.7+/-11.58%).	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	52-59
11491207-11	2001	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone improved insulin resistance and glycemic control, as well as Tg and HDL-C - which suggests that pioglitazone may reduce cardiovascular risk for patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
11491207-11	2001	CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone improved insulin resistance and glycemic control, as well as Tg and HDL-C - which suggests that pioglitazone may reduce cardiovascular risk for patients with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	122-134	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
11550999-2	2001	The PPARgamma receptor agonists rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are very useful additions to the treatment options for type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	50-62	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-13
11474485-6	2001	Pioglitazone also inhibited the phosphorylation of Pyk2.	Pioglitazone	0-12	protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta	Rattus norvegicus	51-55
11430909-9	2001	Thus, a PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, arrested the growth, and increased protein content and PPARgamma mRNA levels in postconfluent preadipocytes, followed by commitment and hypertrophy of 3T3-L1 cells without changing insulin sensitivity, whereas it failed to stimulate glucose transporting activities and down-regulated PPARgamma mRNA expression in mature adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	27-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	96-105
11712410-3	2001	Pioglitazone activates the nuclear peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma(PPAR gamma) which leads to increased transcription of various proteins.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	35-83
11712410-3	2001	Pioglitazone activates the nuclear peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma(PPAR gamma) which leads to increased transcription of various proteins.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	84-94
11468209-4	2001	METHODS AND RESULTS: Pioglitazone (0.1 to 10 micromol/L) significantly enhanced cytokine-induced expression of iNOS and NO production in a dose-dependent manner in rat VSMCs, but 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (up to 10 micromol/L), a native peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand, showed no effect.	Pioglitazone	21-33	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	111-115
11468209-4	2001	METHODS AND RESULTS: Pioglitazone (0.1 to 10 micromol/L) significantly enhanced cytokine-induced expression of iNOS and NO production in a dose-dependent manner in rat VSMCs, but 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (up to 10 micromol/L), a native peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand, showed no effect.	Pioglitazone	21-33	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	250-298
11319222-7	2001	The thiazolidinedione (TZD) insulin-sensitizing drugs and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone, strongly and specifically inhibited only ACS4, with an IC(50) of less than 1.5 microm.	Pioglitazone	161-173	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	58-106
11415857-3	2001	We have recently reported that reduced PDE3B gene expression is restored by treatment with pioglitazone, in the adipose tissues of obese, insulin-resistant diabetic KKAy mice.	Pioglitazone	91-103	phosphodiesterase 3B, cGMP-inhibited	Mus musculus	39-44
11443224-4	2001	In the present study, we investigated the effect of treatment with pioglitazone, another PPARgamma agonist, on IMT in a total of 106 Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	67-79	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	89-98
11430909-8	2001	Although pioglitazone dose-dependently up-regulated PPARgamma mRNA levels in postconfluent preadipocytes without induction, it down-regulated them in mature adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	9-21	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	52-61
11430909-9	2001	Thus, a PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, arrested the growth, and increased protein content and PPARgamma mRNA levels in postconfluent preadipocytes, followed by commitment and hypertrophy of 3T3-L1 cells without changing insulin sensitivity, whereas it failed to stimulate glucose transporting activities and down-regulated PPARgamma mRNA expression in mature adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	27-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	8-17
11401318-3	2001	All cell lines were found to express functionally active PPARgamma and a marked growth inhibition was induced by thiazolidinedione ligands troglitazone, and pioglitazone as well as with its natural ligand 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2).	Pioglitazone	157-169	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	57-66
11430909-9	2001	Thus, a PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, arrested the growth, and increased protein content and PPARgamma mRNA levels in postconfluent preadipocytes, followed by commitment and hypertrophy of 3T3-L1 cells without changing insulin sensitivity, whereas it failed to stimulate glucose transporting activities and down-regulated PPARgamma mRNA expression in mature adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	27-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	96-105
11380325-0	2001	Pioglitazone, a specific PPAR-gamma ligand, inhibits aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
11380325-3	2001	The aim of the present study was to determine whether pioglitazone, a specific PPAR-gamma ligand, can ameliorate aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats, and whether the agent can inhibit the increase in neutrophil accumulation associated with TNF-alpha expression.	Pioglitazone	54-66	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	79-89
11380325-3	2001	The aim of the present study was to determine whether pioglitazone, a specific PPAR-gamma ligand, can ameliorate aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats, and whether the agent can inhibit the increase in neutrophil accumulation associated with TNF-alpha expression.	Pioglitazone	54-66	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	251-260
11380325-10	2001	The increases in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and myeloperoxidase activity after aspirin administration were both significantly inhibited by pre-treatment with pioglitazone (10 mg/kg).	Pioglitazone	171-183	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	61-76
11380325-12	2001	However, the peak TNF-alpha mRNA expression 1 h after aspirin administration was inhibited by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	94-106	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	18-27
11334412-0	2001	Pioglitazone ameliorates tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced insulin resistance by a mechanism independent of adipogenic activity of peroxisome proliferator--activated receptor-gamma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Canis lupus familiaris	25-52
11334412-0	2001	Pioglitazone ameliorates tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced insulin resistance by a mechanism independent of adipogenic activity of peroxisome proliferator--activated receptor-gamma.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	61-68
11334412-3	2001	The aim of the current study was to dissect the mechanism whereby pioglitazone, one of the TZDs, ameliorates TNF-alpha-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	66-78	tumor necrosis factor	Canis lupus familiaris	109-118
11334412-3	2001	The aim of the current study was to dissect the mechanism whereby pioglitazone, one of the TZDs, ameliorates TNF-alpha-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	Pioglitazone	66-78	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	127-134
11334412-4	2001	Pioglitazone restored insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose (DOG) uptake, which was reduced by TNF-alpha, with concomitant restorations in tyrosine phosphorylation and protein levels of insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, as well as association of the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase with IRS-1 and PI 3-kinase activity.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	22-29
11334412-4	2001	Pioglitazone restored insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose (DOG) uptake, which was reduced by TNF-alpha, with concomitant restorations in tyrosine phosphorylation and protein levels of insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, as well as association of the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase with IRS-1 and PI 3-kinase activity.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Canis lupus familiaris	91-100
11334412-4	2001	Pioglitazone restored insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose (DOG) uptake, which was reduced by TNF-alpha, with concomitant restorations in tyrosine phosphorylation and protein levels of insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, as well as association of the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase with IRS-1 and PI 3-kinase activity.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin receptor	Canis lupus familiaris	182-203
11334412-4	2001	Pioglitazone restored insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose (DOG) uptake, which was reduced by TNF-alpha, with concomitant restorations in tyrosine phosphorylation and protein levels of insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, as well as association of the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase with IRS-1 and PI 3-kinase activity.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin receptor substrate 1	Canis lupus familiaris	208-242
11334412-4	2001	Pioglitazone restored insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose (DOG) uptake, which was reduced by TNF-alpha, with concomitant restorations in tyrosine phosphorylation and protein levels of insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, as well as association of the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase with IRS-1 and PI 3-kinase activity.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin receptor substrate 1	Canis lupus familiaris	340-345
11334412-7	2001	These results indicate that the ability of pioglitazone to restore insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IR/IRS-1, which is necessary for amelioration of TNF-alpha-induced insulin resistance, may be independent of the adipogenic activity of PPAR-gamma that regulates protein levels of IR/IRS-1.	Pioglitazone	43-55	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	67-74
11334412-7	2001	These results indicate that the ability of pioglitazone to restore insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IR/IRS-1, which is necessary for amelioration of TNF-alpha-induced insulin resistance, may be independent of the adipogenic activity of PPAR-gamma that regulates protein levels of IR/IRS-1.	Pioglitazone	43-55	insulin receptor	Canis lupus familiaris	114-116
11334412-7	2001	These results indicate that the ability of pioglitazone to restore insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IR/IRS-1, which is necessary for amelioration of TNF-alpha-induced insulin resistance, may be independent of the adipogenic activity of PPAR-gamma that regulates protein levels of IR/IRS-1.	Pioglitazone	43-55	insulin receptor substrate 1	Canis lupus familiaris	117-122
11334412-7	2001	These results indicate that the ability of pioglitazone to restore insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IR/IRS-1, which is necessary for amelioration of TNF-alpha-induced insulin resistance, may be independent of the adipogenic activity of PPAR-gamma that regulates protein levels of IR/IRS-1.	Pioglitazone	43-55	tumor necrosis factor	Canis lupus familiaris	163-172
11334412-7	2001	These results indicate that the ability of pioglitazone to restore insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IR/IRS-1, which is necessary for amelioration of TNF-alpha-induced insulin resistance, may be independent of the adipogenic activity of PPAR-gamma that regulates protein levels of IR/IRS-1.	Pioglitazone	43-55	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	181-188
11334412-7	2001	These results indicate that the ability of pioglitazone to restore insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IR/IRS-1, which is necessary for amelioration of TNF-alpha-induced insulin resistance, may be independent of the adipogenic activity of PPAR-gamma that regulates protein levels of IR/IRS-1.	Pioglitazone	43-55	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Canis lupus familiaris	250-260
11334412-7	2001	These results indicate that the ability of pioglitazone to restore insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IR/IRS-1, which is necessary for amelioration of TNF-alpha-induced insulin resistance, may be independent of the adipogenic activity of PPAR-gamma that regulates protein levels of IR/IRS-1.	Pioglitazone	43-55	insulin receptor	Canis lupus familiaris	117-119
11334412-7	2001	These results indicate that the ability of pioglitazone to restore insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IR/IRS-1, which is necessary for amelioration of TNF-alpha-induced insulin resistance, may be independent of the adipogenic activity of PPAR-gamma that regulates protein levels of IR/IRS-1.	Pioglitazone	43-55	insulin receptor substrate 1	Canis lupus familiaris	297-302
11411343-0	2001	[Insulin resistance-reducing effect of a new thiazolidinedione derivative, pioglitazone].	Pioglitazone	75-87	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	1-8
11411343-3	2001	Pioglitazone reduced plasma glucose, triglyceride and insulin levels in obese-diabetic animal models with insulin resistance in liver and/or peripheral tissues, but did not decrease normoglycemia in normal rats and aged dogs or hyperglycemia in insulin-deficient streptozocin-induced diabetic rats and impaired-insulin-secretory Goto-Kakizaki rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	54-61
11411343-3	2001	Pioglitazone reduced plasma glucose, triglyceride and insulin levels in obese-diabetic animal models with insulin resistance in liver and/or peripheral tissues, but did not decrease normoglycemia in normal rats and aged dogs or hyperglycemia in insulin-deficient streptozocin-induced diabetic rats and impaired-insulin-secretory Goto-Kakizaki rats.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	106-113
11411343-5	2001	These findings clearly indicate that pioglitazone works in animals with insulin resistance and has a quite different mechanism from sulfonylureas and insulin itself.	Pioglitazone	37-49	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	72-79
11411343-6	2001	Although the exact mechanism of pioglitazone still remains obscure, pioglitazone normalized abnormalities in the cellular signal transduction of insulin.	Pioglitazone	68-80	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	145-152
11411343-7	2001	These effects seem to be due to the inhibitory action of pioglitazone on TNF-alpha production, which is one of the factors responsible for insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	57-69	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	73-82
11411343-7	2001	These effects seem to be due to the inhibitory action of pioglitazone on TNF-alpha production, which is one of the factors responsible for insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	57-69	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	139-146
11411343-8	2001	Pioglitazone is a potent agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, (PPAR)-gamma, that is related to differentiation of adipocytes, and the relationship between TNF-alpha production and PPAR-gamma has been reported.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	41-97
11411343-8	2001	Pioglitazone is a potent agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, (PPAR)-gamma, that is related to differentiation of adipocytes, and the relationship between TNF-alpha production and PPAR-gamma has been reported.	Pioglitazone	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	178-187
11411343-8	2001	Pioglitazone is a potent agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, (PPAR)-gamma, that is related to differentiation of adipocytes, and the relationship between TNF-alpha production and PPAR-gamma has been reported.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	203-213
11411343-9	2001	Therefore, the agonistic activity of pioglitazone on PPAR-gamma may be involved in the mechanism of reduction of insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	37-49	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
11411343-9	2001	Therefore, the agonistic activity of pioglitazone on PPAR-gamma may be involved in the mechanism of reduction of insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	37-49	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	113-120
11411343-10	2001	The clinical data clearly demonstrated that pioglitazone, at clinical doses of 15-45 mg/day, decreased plasma glucose, HbA1c and triglyceride, increased plasma HDL-cholesterol, but did not alter total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels.	Pioglitazone	44-56	hemoglobin alpha, adult chain 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-123
11237557-5	2001	Both pioglitazone, a specific PPAR-gamma agonist, and PGJ(2) blocked NO production, iNOS protein expression, and iNOS mRNA transcription.	Pioglitazone	5-17	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	30-40
11315836-0	2001	Improved glycemic control and enhanced insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic subjects treated with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	100-112	insulin	Homo sapiens	39-46
11315836-10	2001	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that pioglitazone therapy in type 2 diabetic patients decreases lasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels by improving hepatic and peripheral (muscle) tissue sensitivity to insulin.	Pioglitazone	40-52	insulin	Homo sapiens	213-220
11278997-7	2001	The thiazolidinediones rosiglitazone and pioglitazone exerted direct but weaker inhibitory effects on both P450c17 and 3betaHSDII.	Pioglitazone	41-53	cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	107-114
11237557-5	2001	Both pioglitazone, a specific PPAR-gamma agonist, and PGJ(2) blocked NO production, iNOS protein expression, and iNOS mRNA transcription.	Pioglitazone	5-17	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	84-88
11237557-5	2001	Both pioglitazone, a specific PPAR-gamma agonist, and PGJ(2) blocked NO production, iNOS protein expression, and iNOS mRNA transcription.	Pioglitazone	5-17	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	113-117
11272155-10	2001	We conclude that even though WY14643 and pioglitazone, representing PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma activation, respectively, may alter muscle lipid supply by different mechanisms, both significantly improve muscle insulin action in the high fat-fed rat model of insulin resistance, and this effect is proportional to the degree to which they reduce muscle lipid accumulation.	Pioglitazone	41-53	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
11272155-10	2001	We conclude that even though WY14643 and pioglitazone, representing PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma activation, respectively, may alter muscle lipid supply by different mechanisms, both significantly improve muscle insulin action in the high fat-fed rat model of insulin resistance, and this effect is proportional to the degree to which they reduce muscle lipid accumulation.	Pioglitazone	41-53	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
11160777-7	2001	The thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone), a new class of oral antidiabetic agents, are "insulin sensitizers" and exert direct effects on the mechanisms of insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	42-54	insulin	Homo sapiens	103-110
11289109-6	2001	In the third experiment, dietary administration (0.01% in diet for 6 weeks) of pioglitazone (PPARgamma ligand), troglitazone, and bezafibrate effectively suppressed DSS/AOM-induced ACF.	Pioglitazone	79-91	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	93-102
11160777-7	2001	The thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone), a new class of oral antidiabetic agents, are "insulin sensitizers" and exert direct effects on the mechanisms of insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	42-54	insulin	Homo sapiens	170-177
11684819-0	2001	Pioglitazone inhibits growth of carcinoid cells and promotes TRAIL-induced apoptosis by induction of p21waf1/cip1.	Pioglitazone	0-12	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	61-66
11684819-0	2001	Pioglitazone inhibits growth of carcinoid cells and promotes TRAIL-induced apoptosis by induction of p21waf1/cip1.	Pioglitazone	0-12	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	101-113
11684819-1	2001	BACKGROUND/AIMS: We investigated the effect of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist pioglitazone on growth and TRAIL-induced apoptosis in carcinoid cells.	Pioglitazone	121-133	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	101-111
11684819-7	2001	Additionally, pioglitazone significantly enhanced carcinoid cell death induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL).	Pioglitazone	14-26	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	145-150
11684819-8	2001	The enhancement of TRAIL-induced apoptosis was associated with an upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21waf1/cip1 in pioglitazone-treated carcinoid cells.	Pioglitazone	132-144	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	19-24
11684819-8	2001	The enhancement of TRAIL-induced apoptosis was associated with an upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21waf1/cip1 in pioglitazone-treated carcinoid cells.	Pioglitazone	132-144	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	116-128
11684819-10	2001	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that pioglitazone inhibits cell growth and sensitizes cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by induction of p21waf1/cip1.	Pioglitazone	40-52	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	98-103
11684819-10	2001	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that pioglitazone inhibits cell growth and sensitizes cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by induction of p21waf1/cip1.	Pioglitazone	40-52	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	146-150
11460577-8	2001	Thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) increase the sensitivity of the tissues to insulin.	Pioglitazone	38-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
11034093-7	2000	PSA promoter/ enhancer reporter assays showed that the PPARgamma ligands troglitazone (10(-5) M), pioglitazone (10(-5) M), or 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (10(-5) M) down-regulated androgen-stimulated reporter gene activity in LNCaP cells, a prostate cancer cell line.	Pioglitazone	98-110	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
11095972-0	2000	Activation of human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	82-94	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	20-62
11095972-0	2000	Activation of human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes by pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	82-94	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	64-68
11095972-1	2000	Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione (TZD) derivative, is an antidiabetic agent that improves hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia in obese and diabetic animals via a reduction in hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	198-205
11095972-2	2000	The TZDs including pioglitazone have been identified as high affinity ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma.	Pioglitazone	19-31	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	82-137
11095972-3	2000	The selectivity of pioglitazone for the human PPAR subtypes has not been reported, thus, we investigated the effect of pioglitazone on the human PPAR subtypes.	Pioglitazone	19-31	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	46-50
11095972-6	2000	Furthermore, pioglitazone significantly increased the apoA-I secretion from the human hepatoma cell line HepG2.	Pioglitazone	13-25	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	54-60
11124825-3	2001	An RXR-specific agonist, Ro47-5944, and a PPAR gamma-specific agonist, AD4833 (pioglitazone hydrochloride), each inhibited LPS-induced NO and TNF-alpha production.	Pioglitazone	71-77	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
11124825-3	2001	An RXR-specific agonist, Ro47-5944, and a PPAR gamma-specific agonist, AD4833 (pioglitazone hydrochloride), each inhibited LPS-induced NO and TNF-alpha production.	Pioglitazone	71-77	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	142-151
11124825-3	2001	An RXR-specific agonist, Ro47-5944, and a PPAR gamma-specific agonist, AD4833 (pioglitazone hydrochloride), each inhibited LPS-induced NO and TNF-alpha production.	Pioglitazone	79-105	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	142-151
11172467-4	2001	Troglitazone and pioglitazone, which are ligands/activators for PPARgamma, also induced PPARalpha gene and protein expression and increased CuZn-SOD gene expression and protein levels in addition to increasing PPARgamma gene and protein expression in endothelial cells.	Pioglitazone	17-29	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	64-73
11172467-4	2001	Troglitazone and pioglitazone, which are ligands/activators for PPARgamma, also induced PPARalpha gene and protein expression and increased CuZn-SOD gene expression and protein levels in addition to increasing PPARgamma gene and protein expression in endothelial cells.	Pioglitazone	17-29	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	88-97
11172467-4	2001	Troglitazone and pioglitazone, which are ligands/activators for PPARgamma, also induced PPARalpha gene and protein expression and increased CuZn-SOD gene expression and protein levels in addition to increasing PPARgamma gene and protein expression in endothelial cells.	Pioglitazone	17-29	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	210-219
11192132-16	2000	In the extension study, patients treated with open-label pioglitazone + metformin for 72 weeks had mean changes from baseline of -1.36% in HbA1c and -63.0 mg/dL in FPG.	Pioglitazone	57-69	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	139-143
11034093-7	2000	PSA promoter/ enhancer reporter assays showed that the PPARgamma ligands troglitazone (10(-5) M), pioglitazone (10(-5) M), or 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (10(-5) M) down-regulated androgen-stimulated reporter gene activity in LNCaP cells, a prostate cancer cell line.	Pioglitazone	98-110	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	55-64
11467345-8	2000	Pioglitazone is FDA approved for monotherapy as well as for use in combination therapy with metformin, insulin, or sulfonylureas.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	103-110
11128033-9	2000	Administration of pioglitazone was also shown to induce PPARgamma expression in liver and muscle.	Pioglitazone	18-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	56-65
11965830-10	2000	Another very promising approach is the use of thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone, pioglitazone) to improve the insulin resistance and possibly preserve the beta cells by reducing the need for increased insulin secretion.	Pioglitazone	81-93	insulin	Homo sapiens	110-117
11965833-8	2000	Pioglitazone, used as monotherapy or in combination with sulphonylurea, biguanide or insulin, improves glycaemic control, lowers serum triglycerides and raises high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	85-92
11057434-10	2000	Troglitazone and pioglitazone prevented this inhibitory effect of insulin by restoring IRS-1 and PI3-K activities.	Pioglitazone	17-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
11057434-10	2000	Troglitazone and pioglitazone prevented this inhibitory effect of insulin by restoring IRS-1 and PI3-K activities.	Pioglitazone	17-29	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	87-92
10872292-7	2000	The group of insulin sensitizers includes the biguanide, metformin and the thiazolidinediones or glitazones (rosiglitazone, pioglitazone).	Pioglitazone	124-136	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
10983737-1	2000	Pioglitazone is an orally administered insulin sensitising thiazolidinedione agent that has been developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	39-46
10983737-2	2000	Pioglitazone activates the nuclear peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), which leads to the increased transcription of various proteins regulating glucose and lipid metabolism.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	35-83
10983737-2	2000	Pioglitazone activates the nuclear peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), which leads to the increased transcription of various proteins regulating glucose and lipid metabolism.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	85-95
10983737-5	2000	The addition of pioglitazone 30 mg/day to preexisting therapy with metformin, or of pioglitazone 15 or 30 mg/day to sulphonylurea, insulin or voglibose therapy, has been shown to decrease HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels significantly in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	16-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	131-138
10983737-5	2000	The addition of pioglitazone 30 mg/day to preexisting therapy with metformin, or of pioglitazone 15 or 30 mg/day to sulphonylurea, insulin or voglibose therapy, has been shown to decrease HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels significantly in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	16-28	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	188-192
10983737-5	2000	The addition of pioglitazone 30 mg/day to preexisting therapy with metformin, or of pioglitazone 15 or 30 mg/day to sulphonylurea, insulin or voglibose therapy, has been shown to decrease HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels significantly in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Pioglitazone	84-96	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	188-192
10964678-2	2000	Troglitazone, pioglitazone, alpha-clofibrate, and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 all inhibited the TNF-alpha-stimulated E-selectin gene transcription in reporter assay.	Pioglitazone	14-26	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	105-114
10964678-2	2000	Troglitazone, pioglitazone, alpha-clofibrate, and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 all inhibited the TNF-alpha-stimulated E-selectin gene transcription in reporter assay.	Pioglitazone	14-26	selectin E	Homo sapiens	126-136
10831316-5	2000	Activation of PPAR-gamma by its agonist pioglitazone significantly enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis.	Pioglitazone	40-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	14-24
10814503-4	2000	VEGF secretion was also increased by other PPARgamma agonists, pioglitazone, LY171883, and 15d-PGJ2 (224 +/- 17.1%, 247 +/- 36.8% and 171 +/- 7.8%, respectively), but not the PPARgamma agonists bezafibrate and Wy14643 (85.2 +/- 1.5%, 94.6 +/- 3.2, respectively).	Pioglitazone	63-75	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	0-4
10831316-5	2000	Activation of PPAR-gamma by its agonist pioglitazone significantly enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis.	Pioglitazone	40-52	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	76-81
10726922-10	2000	Troglitazone and pioglitazone activated PPARgamma and increased triglyceride accumulation and mRNA expression of fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) in 3T3-L1 cells.	Pioglitazone	17-29	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	40-49
10905484-8	2000	NC-2100 induced UCP1 efficiently in mesenteric WAT and less efficiently in subcutaneous WAT, although pioglitazone and troglitazone also slightly induced UCP1 only in mesenteric WAT.	Pioglitazone	102-114	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	154-158
10726922-10	2000	Troglitazone and pioglitazone activated PPARgamma and increased triglyceride accumulation and mRNA expression of fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) in 3T3-L1 cells.	Pioglitazone	17-29	glutamatic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	113-139
10726922-10	2000	Troglitazone and pioglitazone activated PPARgamma and increased triglyceride accumulation and mRNA expression of fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) in 3T3-L1 cells.	Pioglitazone	17-29	glutamatic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	141-145
10516648-19	1999	These results suggest that troglitazone and pioglitazone preferentially inhibited agonist (vasopressin and PDGF)-induced Ca2+ entry and proliferation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells, where the inhibitory effects of thiazolidinediones on ICa.L and Icat might be partly involved.	Pioglitazone	44-56	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	91-102
10857389-2	2000	Troglitazone, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone are a new class of oral antidiabetic agents which can ameliorate peripheral insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	33-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	122-129
10659951-5	2000	On the other hand, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone (50 microM) only slightly inhibited these xenobiotic oxidation activities catalyzed by CYP2C enzymes.	Pioglitazone	19-31	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	137-142
10605995-3	1999	Acarbose, metformin, miglitol, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone and troglitazone help the patient"s own insulin control glucose levels and allow early treatment with little risk of hypoglycemia.	Pioglitazone	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
10537132-4	1999	As reported, all TZDs we tested (troglitazone, pioglitazone, and BRL 49653) markedly increased the number of Oil Red O-positive adipocytes and the expression of adipsin and PPARgamma 2.	Pioglitazone	47-59	complement factor D	Homo sapiens	161-168
10537132-4	1999	As reported, all TZDs we tested (troglitazone, pioglitazone, and BRL 49653) markedly increased the number of Oil Red O-positive adipocytes and the expression of adipsin and PPARgamma 2.	Pioglitazone	47-59	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	173-182
10640767-8	2000	NO production in stimulated MRL/lpr and BALB/c mesangial cells, was blocked by PGJ2 and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	88-100	Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6)	Mus musculus	32-35
10655627-6	2000	The kinase activity of insulin receptor-agonist complexes increased in the order of IGF-II &lt; IGF-I &lt; insulin, and neither vanadium ions nor thiazolidine-type medicines for NIDDM, troglitazone and pioglitazone, directly acted on both the kinase reaction of insulin receptor or the binding of pY939 to SH2N.	Pioglitazone	202-214	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	23-39
10554661-4	1999	According to existing clinical data, pioglitazone at a once daily oral dose of 15 to 45 mg, as monotherapy or in combination with sulphonylureas, metformin or exogenous insulin, has a pronounced and reproducible blood sugar-lowering effect.	Pioglitazone	37-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	169-176
10554661-5	1999	As well as improving glucose metabolism, pioglitazone has a beneficial effect on insulin resistance and the plasma levels of free fatty acids, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol which is clinically relevant.	Pioglitazone	41-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-88
10382590-7	1999	The suppression of PPARgamma mRNA expression caused by 10 nmol/l of TNF-alpha was reversed 60% and 55% by treatment with 10(-4) mol/l of troglitazone and 10(-4) mol/l of pioglitazone, respectively.	Pioglitazone	170-182	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	19-28
10480615-7	1999	Pioglitazone increased both PDE3B mRNA and protein levels by 1.8-fold of those in untreated KKAy mice.	Pioglitazone	0-12	phosphodiesterase 3B, cGMP-inhibited	Mus musculus	28-33
10480615-10	1999	Thus, the reduced PDE3B gene expression in adipose tissues could be the primary event in the development of insulin resistance in KKAy mice, which was improved by pioglitazone possibly because of the restoration of the reduced PDE3B gene expression.	Pioglitazone	163-175	phosphodiesterase 3B, cGMP-inhibited	Mus musculus	18-23
10480615-10	1999	Thus, the reduced PDE3B gene expression in adipose tissues could be the primary event in the development of insulin resistance in KKAy mice, which was improved by pioglitazone possibly because of the restoration of the reduced PDE3B gene expression.	Pioglitazone	163-175	phosphodiesterase 3B, cGMP-inhibited	Mus musculus	227-232
10480188-5	1999	A new therapeutic class, the thiazolidinediones (troglitazone, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone) has recently completed the family of insulin-sensitizing agents.	Pioglitazone	78-90	insulin	Homo sapiens	129-136
10428487-4	1999	Troglitazone or pioglitazone, selective ligands for PPARgamma, inhibited the growth of MKN45 cells in a dose-dependent manner.	Pioglitazone	16-28	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	52-61
10761869-6	1999	The thiazolidinedione drugs, troglitazone, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone represent a new class of agonists for the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma).	Pioglitazone	61-73	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	183-192
10382590-7	1999	The suppression of PPARgamma mRNA expression caused by 10 nmol/l of TNF-alpha was reversed 60% and 55% by treatment with 10(-4) mol/l of troglitazone and 10(-4) mol/l of pioglitazone, respectively.	Pioglitazone	170-182	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	68-77
11220287-11	1999	Recent advances in type 2 diabetes therapy have seen the development of the thiazolidinediones (troglitazone, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone), which improve insulin resistance in patients whose diabetes is poorly controlled by diet and exercise therapy.	Pioglitazone	129-141	insulin	Homo sapiens	158-165
10415161-8	1999	Pioglitazone significantly increased MIF content in the culture medium of 3T3-L1 cells.	Pioglitazone	0-12	macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor)	Mus musculus	37-40
10415161-10	1999	The plasma MIF level of Wistar fatty rats was significantly increased by treatment with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	88-100	macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
10329404-3	1999	The thiazolidinediones, troglitazone and pioglitazone, decreased basal and TNF-alpha-stimulated PAI-1 secretion and mRNA expression in HUVEC in a dose-dependent fashion.	Pioglitazone	41-53	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	75-84
10329404-3	1999	The thiazolidinediones, troglitazone and pioglitazone, decreased basal and TNF-alpha-stimulated PAI-1 secretion and mRNA expression in HUVEC in a dose-dependent fashion.	Pioglitazone	41-53	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	96-101
9790963-1	1998	Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione drug (TZD) which potently and specifically stimulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) and sensitizes cells to insulin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	90-138
9920814-7	1999	Other PPARgamma ligands, pioglitazone (1-10 microM) and 15-deoxy-delta 12, 14-prostaglandin J2 (1-10 microM), but not a PPARalpha ligand, bezafibrate (1-10 microM), dose-dependently suppressed spontaneous ET-1 secretion from bVECs.	Pioglitazone	25-37	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Bos taurus	6-15
9831621-1	1998	In light of the pivotal role that PPARgamma2 plays in the expression of fat specific genes (e.g., A-FABP), we have examined the hypothesis that a rise in PPARgamma2 protein is required for the expression of A-FABP, and that the acceleration of fat cell differentiation by the thiazolidinedione agent, pioglitazone (PIOG), reflects an increase in the abundance of PPARgamma2 mRNA and protein.	Pioglitazone	301-313	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	154-164
9831621-1	1998	In light of the pivotal role that PPARgamma2 plays in the expression of fat specific genes (e.g., A-FABP), we have examined the hypothesis that a rise in PPARgamma2 protein is required for the expression of A-FABP, and that the acceleration of fat cell differentiation by the thiazolidinedione agent, pioglitazone (PIOG), reflects an increase in the abundance of PPARgamma2 mRNA and protein.	Pioglitazone	301-313	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	154-164
9792555-7	1998	In pioglitazone-treated Wistar fatty rats, UCP3 mRNA levels were significantly increased by 2.1-, 2.0-, and 1.6-fold in the epididymal WAT, retroperitoneal WAT, and BAT, respectively, as compared with those in nontreated fatty rats.	Pioglitazone	3-15	uncoupling protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	43-47
9792555-8	1998	In pioglitazone-treated lean rats, UCP3 mRNA levels were significantly increased by 1.3-fold in the BAT as compared with those in nontreated lean rats.	Pioglitazone	3-15	uncoupling protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
9792555-11	1998	In rat cultured mature adipocytes, UCP3 mRNA levels were increased in a dose-responsive manner by 10(-5) to 10(-4) mol/l pioglitazone, while there was no significant change of UCP2 mRNA levels.	Pioglitazone	121-133	uncoupling protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
9790963-1	1998	Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione drug (TZD) which potently and specifically stimulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) and sensitizes cells to insulin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	140-150
9790963-7	1998	These results may indicate that pioglitazone increases glucose catabolism by direct upregulation of muscle UCP2 gene expression in vivo.	Pioglitazone	32-44	uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	107-111
9726240-9	1998	Separately, troglitazone and pioglitazone stimulated PI 3-kinase activity, but thrombin-induced PI 3-kinase activation was suppressed by pretreatment with troglitazone and pioglitazone for 60 min.	Pioglitazone	172-184	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	79-87
9788251-6	1998	However, gel retardation assays using the adipose response element from A-FABP and nuclear protein extracts from 3T3-L1/RB1 cells treated with insulin or pioglitazone revealed that nuclear protein extracts from 3T3-L1/RB1 cells had very little ability to bind the PPARgamma2 recognition sequence of the A-FABP gene.	Pioglitazone	154-166	RB transcriptional corepressor 1	Mus musculus	120-123
9788251-6	1998	However, gel retardation assays using the adipose response element from A-FABP and nuclear protein extracts from 3T3-L1/RB1 cells treated with insulin or pioglitazone revealed that nuclear protein extracts from 3T3-L1/RB1 cells had very little ability to bind the PPARgamma2 recognition sequence of the A-FABP gene.	Pioglitazone	154-166	RB transcriptional corepressor 1	Mus musculus	218-221
9788251-6	1998	However, gel retardation assays using the adipose response element from A-FABP and nuclear protein extracts from 3T3-L1/RB1 cells treated with insulin or pioglitazone revealed that nuclear protein extracts from 3T3-L1/RB1 cells had very little ability to bind the PPARgamma2 recognition sequence of the A-FABP gene.	Pioglitazone	154-166	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	264-274
9788251-6	1998	However, gel retardation assays using the adipose response element from A-FABP and nuclear protein extracts from 3T3-L1/RB1 cells treated with insulin or pioglitazone revealed that nuclear protein extracts from 3T3-L1/RB1 cells had very little ability to bind the PPARgamma2 recognition sequence of the A-FABP gene.	Pioglitazone	154-166	fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte	Mus musculus	303-309
9808320-5	1998	Additionally, YM268 and pioglitazone showed activity of the PPARgamma ligand, a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily responsible for adipogenesis.	Pioglitazone	24-36	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	60-69