PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
32057354-0	2020	Dehydrocostus lactone inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by blocking ASC oligomerization and prevents LPS-mediated inflammation in vivo.	Lactones	14-21	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	31-36
32057354-0	2020	Dehydrocostus lactone inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by blocking ASC oligomerization and prevents LPS-mediated inflammation in vivo.	Lactones	14-21	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	73-76
31999126-1	2020	alpha-Bromolactones bearing a substituent in the beta-position undergo a highly trans-diastereoselective arylation with arylzinc chlorides in the presence of 10-20% CoCl2 and 10-20% PPh3 in THF under mild conditions (25  C, 16 h) leading to optically enriched alpha-arylated lactones and protected aldol products (99% ee) in 52-96% yield.	Lactones	11-19	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	182-186
31173561-5	2020	Lactone was specifically hydrolyzed by paraoxonase 3 (PON3).5.	Lactones	0-7	paraoxonase 3	Homo sapiens	39-52
31173561-5	2020	Lactone was specifically hydrolyzed by paraoxonase 3 (PON3).5.	Lactones	0-7	paraoxonase 3	Homo sapiens	54-58
30621564-1	2020	BACKGROUND: Some lactones prevent protein Myb-dependent gene expression.	Lactones	17-25	MYB proto-oncogene, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	42-45
31518878-3	2019	Thus, the quantitative analysis of DDIs of atorvastatin and its lactone with cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) inhibitors is of great importance.	Lactones	64-71	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	77-96
31675512-5	2020	The lactone 2a also exerted a potent inhibition of Tau protein translation and was shown to have capacity for CYP1A1-bioactivation.	Lactones	4-11	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	51-54
31675512-5	2020	The lactone 2a also exerted a potent inhibition of Tau protein translation and was shown to have capacity for CYP1A1-bioactivation.	Lactones	4-11	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	110-116
31472273-6	2019	RESULTS: After intraperitoneal treatment for one week, DSS-induced colitis was significantly reduced in mice treated with either of both sesquiterpenes lactones, as witnessed by reduced cellular infiltration, tissue damage, TNF-alpha production, and enhanced production of TGF-beta.	Lactones	152-160	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	224-233
31472273-6	2019	RESULTS: After intraperitoneal treatment for one week, DSS-induced colitis was significantly reduced in mice treated with either of both sesquiterpenes lactones, as witnessed by reduced cellular infiltration, tissue damage, TNF-alpha production, and enhanced production of TGF-beta.	Lactones	152-160	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	273-281
31343277-5	2019	The cnidium lactone-induced osteoclastogenesis was significantly attenuated by inhibition of p38 and PI3K through pretreatment with SB203580 and LY294002, respectively.	Lactones	12-19	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	93-96
31784542-9	2019	The exposure of breast cancer cells to the lactone was associated with a depolarization in mitochondrial membrane potential, and cleavage of caspase and PARP.	Lactones	43-50	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	153-157
31518878-3	2019	Thus, the quantitative analysis of DDIs of atorvastatin and its lactone with cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) inhibitors is of great importance.	Lactones	64-71	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens	110-148
31518878-3	2019	Thus, the quantitative analysis of DDIs of atorvastatin and its lactone with cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) inhibitors is of great importance.	Lactones	64-71	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens	150-154
31518878-3	2019	Thus, the quantitative analysis of DDIs of atorvastatin and its lactone with cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) inhibitors is of great importance.	Lactones	64-71	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	98-104
31351988-2	2019	PON1 is a highly promiscuous enzyme and can hydrolyse a large variety of substrates, however, detailed structure/function studies have concluded that the natural substrates for PON1 are lipophilic lactones.	Lactones	197-205	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
31351988-2	2019	PON1 is a highly promiscuous enzyme and can hydrolyse a large variety of substrates, however, detailed structure/function studies have concluded that the natural substrates for PON1 are lipophilic lactones.	Lactones	197-205	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	177-181
31711409-1	2019	A 4-bp deletion (c.230_233delATAG) of the ABCB1 gene, frequently found in various dog breeds, results in intolerance to certain drugs routinely used in veterinary medicine, including many chemotherapeutic agents and macrocyclic lactones.	Lactones	228-236	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Canis lupus familiaris	42-47
31246037-2	2019	In contrast, indole-2-carboxylic acids/amides form fused seven-membered lactones/lactams (oxepinoindolones/azepinoindolones) upon treatment with substituted propargyl alcohols using catalytic Cu(OTf)2.	Lactones	72-80	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	195-200
31345632-1	2019	HTL/KAI2, a member of the alpha/beta-fold hydrolase superfamily, is known to be a receptor-like protein of lactone compounds and that triggers seed germination of Arabidopsis.	Lactones	107-114	alpha/beta-Hydrolases superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-8
31145860-0	2019	Dehydrocostus lactone suppresses osteoclast differentiation by regulating NFATc1 and inhibits osteoclast activation through modulating migration and lysosome function.	Lactones	14-21	nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 1	Mus musculus	74-80
31857900-1	2019	Introduction: During evolution, some species including humans, monkeys and fruit bats lost the ability for ascorbic acid (AA) biosynthesis due to inactivation of the enzyme l-gulono-lactone oxidase (GLO) and subsequently became dependent on dietary vitamin C.	Lactones	173-189	gulonolactone (L-) oxidase	Sus scrofa	199-202
30983367-3	2019	It showed that PAM+ not only played an important role in good nucleation that brought well-developed texture and novel pore size distribution to SS-MBCs but also improved the MB adsorption capacities of SS-MBCs by increasing the specific surface area and the content of oxygen functional groups, especially the lactone.	Lactones	311-318	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Homo sapiens	15-18
31247799-2	2019	Although the Michael products were generated as a mixture of syn- and anti-isomers, they can be transformed to single isomers of other useful compounds, such as lactone, lactam, piperidine, dihydropyran containing trifluoromethyl groups, or fluoro substituents.	Lactones	161-168	synemin	Homo sapiens	61-64
31209508-0	2019	PON1 increases cellular DNA damage by lactone substrates.	Lactones	38-45	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
31209508-2	2019	To investigate the extent to which PON1 provides protection against lactone induced DNA damage, DNA damage was measured in HepG2 cells using the neutral Comet assay following lactone treatment in the presence and absence of exogenous recombinant PON1 (rPON1).	Lactones	68-75	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	35-39
31209508-4	2019	Co-incubation of 100 mM lactone with rPON1, resulted in almost all cells showing extensive DNA damage, particularly with those lactones that decreased rPON1 activity by > 25%.	Lactones	24-31	paraoxonase 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-42
31209508-4	2019	Co-incubation of 100 mM lactone with rPON1, resulted in almost all cells showing extensive DNA damage, particularly with those lactones that decreased rPON1 activity by > 25%.	Lactones	24-31	paraoxonase 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-156
31209508-4	2019	Co-incubation of 100 mM lactone with rPON1, resulted in almost all cells showing extensive DNA damage, particularly with those lactones that decreased rPON1 activity by > 25%.	Lactones	127-135	paraoxonase 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-42
31209508-4	2019	Co-incubation of 100 mM lactone with rPON1, resulted in almost all cells showing extensive DNA damage, particularly with those lactones that decreased rPON1 activity by > 25%.	Lactones	127-135	paraoxonase 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-156
31209508-5	2019	In contrast, with the lactones that are poor rPON1 subtrates (gamma-decalactone and gamma-furanone), rPON1 did not increase DNA damage.	Lactones	22-30	paraoxonase 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-50
31209508-8	2019	These results suggest that in addition to its well-recognised detoxification effects, PON1 can increase genotoxicity potentially by hydrolysing certain lactones to reactive intermediates that increase DNA damage via the formation of DNA adducts.	Lactones	152-160	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	86-90
28441923-7	2019	Conclusions: We hypothesise that lowered PON1 total and CMPAase activities may play a role in the pathophysiology of MDs by lowering antioxidant defences thereby increasing the risk of lipid peroxidation and inflammation; lowered inhibition of quorum-sensing lactones thereby increasing bacterial proliferation; and attenuated homocysteine thiolactone catabolism which may trigger immune-inflammatory response and/or induce neurotoxicity.	Lactones	259-267	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	41-45
31070217-5	2019	The DFT studies have revealed the energetics of the two migration processes, as well as the reasons for some of the key experimental observations, such as the syn/anti preference in the formation of the cyclopropane rings, the different reactivities of substrates containing furan or lactone moieties, and the different outcomes of the reactions when Pt(ii) and Au(i) salts are used.	Lactones	284-291	synemin	Homo sapiens	159-162
31063392-2	2019	Highlights of this synthesis include a novel and efficient transannular Michael addition/lactone reduction sequence to construct the highly substituted 2,6- trans-tetrahydropyran, a diastereoselective IBr-induced iodocarbonate cyclization to introduce the C17 stereogenic center, and a Diels-Alder/aromatization reaction to install the highly substituted aromatic ring.	Lactones	89-96	cytokine like 1	Homo sapiens	256-259
30999647-0	2019	Dehydrocostus Lactone Suppresses LPS-induced Acute Lung Injury and Macrophage Activation through NF-kappaB Signaling Pathway Mediated by p38 MAPK and Akt.	Lactones	14-21	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	97-106
30844655-3	2019	Here, we report that a steroidal lactone withaferin A (WA) specifically impedes SSA repair by promoting FANCA downregulation at a sub-micromolar concentration range.	Lactones	33-40	FA complementation group A	Homo sapiens	104-109
30999647-0	2019	Dehydrocostus Lactone Suppresses LPS-induced Acute Lung Injury and Macrophage Activation through NF-kappaB Signaling Pathway Mediated by p38 MAPK and Akt.	Lactones	14-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	137-140
30999647-0	2019	Dehydrocostus Lactone Suppresses LPS-induced Acute Lung Injury and Macrophage Activation through NF-kappaB Signaling Pathway Mediated by p38 MAPK and Akt.	Lactones	14-21	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	150-153
30572120-4	2019	AIM: To elucidate the role of PON1 in the modulation of vascular resistance via the regulation of the lactone-containing metabolite 5,6-delta-DHTL.	Lactones	102-109	paraoxonase 1	Mus musculus	30-34
30973929-9	2019	Surfactin derivatives similar to SLP5 could be obtained by lactone bond hydrolyzation of surfactin, as well as total synthesis.	Lactones	59-66	synaptotagmin like 5	Homo sapiens	33-37
30209793-8	2019	RESULTS: The absorption permeability of isoalantolactone and alantolactone was high at the tested concentrations (5, 20 and 80 mumol/l), and the major permeation mechanism of both lactones was found to be passive diffusion with active efflux mediated by multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP).	Lactones	180-188	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	306-338
30209793-8	2019	RESULTS: The absorption permeability of isoalantolactone and alantolactone was high at the tested concentrations (5, 20 and 80 mumol/l), and the major permeation mechanism of both lactones was found to be passive diffusion with active efflux mediated by multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP).	Lactones	180-188	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	340-344
30572120-11	2019	CONCLUSION: PON1 lactonase activity in the endothelium affects vascular dilation by regulating Ca2+ influx mediated by the lactone-containing EDHF 5,6-delta-DHTL.	Lactones	123-130	paraoxonase 1	Mus musculus	12-16
30469080-0	2019	Macrocyclic lactones from seafood Amphioctopus neglectus: Newly described natural leads to attenuate angiotensin-II induced cardiac hypertrophy.	Lactones	12-20	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	101-115
30659791-1	2019	OBJECTIVES: Low serum PON1 activities (paraoxon, phenyl-acetate or lactone substrates) are associated with coronary heart disease (CHD).	Lactones	67-74	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
30466970-3	2018	HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: The sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) coronopilin and damsin, which are major secondary metabolites of A. arborescens, have anti-inflammatory activity by attenuation of IL-6 and MCP-1 expression and inhibition of NF-kappaB in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa) and human keratinocytes (HaCaT).	Lactones	38-46	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	184-188
30745855-2	2019	Here, we identified Andrographolide, a diterpenoid lactone derived from a traditional herbal medicine Andrographis paniculata, as an ideal sensitizer for TRAIL to overcome bladder cancer.	Lactones	51-58	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	154-159
30267961-4	2019	Treatment of cells with the vimentin-targeting steroidal lactone withaferin A had no effect on vimentin turnover as previously reported, instead causing NEDD9 cleavage and cell death.	Lactones	57-64	vimentin	Homo sapiens	28-36
30267961-4	2019	Treatment of cells with the vimentin-targeting steroidal lactone withaferin A had no effect on vimentin turnover as previously reported, instead causing NEDD9 cleavage and cell death.	Lactones	57-64	neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 9	Homo sapiens	153-158
30699149-2	2019	Here we report that inhibition of vimentin using the steroidal lactone Withaferin A (WFA) causes vimentin to aggregate, and this is associated with the relocalisation of organelles including autophagosomes and lysosomes from the cytosol to a juxtanuclear location.	Lactones	63-70	vimentin	Homo sapiens	34-42
30466970-3	2018	HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: The sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) coronopilin and damsin, which are major secondary metabolites of A. arborescens, have anti-inflammatory activity by attenuation of IL-6 and MCP-1 expression and inhibition of NF-kappaB in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa) and human keratinocytes (HaCaT).	Lactones	38-46	mast cell protease 1	Mus musculus	193-198
30166521-6	2018	We selected the mTOR-independent disaccharide trehalose and the mTOR-dependent macrolide lactone rapamycin autophagy inducers.	Lactones	89-96	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	64-68
30241945-6	2018	Both lactones were very efficiently hydrolyzed by purified PON3.	Lactones	5-13	paraoxonase 3	Homo sapiens	59-63
30241945-10	2018	Studies with the PON inhibitor EDTA and a serine esterase inhibitor indicated that the PONs are the main contributors to hydrolysis of the lactones in human and mouse liver homogenates.	Lactones	139-147	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	17-20
30241945-12	2018	The findings provide further insight into the structural requirements for PONs substrates and support the hypothesis that PONs, particularly PON1 and PON3, evolved to hydrolyze and regulate a class of lactone lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids.	Lactones	201-208	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	141-145
30241945-12	2018	The findings provide further insight into the structural requirements for PONs substrates and support the hypothesis that PONs, particularly PON1 and PON3, evolved to hydrolyze and regulate a class of lactone lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids.	Lactones	201-208	paraoxonase 3	Homo sapiens	150-154
30028581-4	2018	This research presents a study on the preparation of macrocyclic lactones with the musk scent by ring-closing metathesis (RCM) using biomass-derived starting materials: oleic and 9-decenoic acid.	Lactones	65-73	muscle associated receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	83-87
30233143-0	2018	Macrocyclic lactones inhibit nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells proliferation through PAK1 inhibition and reduce in vivo tumor growth.	Lactones	12-20	p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1	Homo sapiens	82-86
30233143-9	2018	Conclusion: Macrocyclic lactones appear as promising molecules against NPC targeting PAK-1 with no detectable adverse effect.	Lactones	24-32	p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1	Homo sapiens	85-90
30397533-1	2018	PON2 belongs to the paraoxonase protein family that consists of lactone hydrolyzing enzymes with different substrate specificities.	Lactones	64-71	paraoxonase 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
29737177-1	2018	The lactone derivative of the epoxyisoprostane EC is a highly effective inhibitor of the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6.	Lactones	4-11	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	131-135
29620208-7	2018	The results demonstrated that caspase-3/9 activities, and the protein expression of Bcl-2-associated X and p53, in HPV-18 HaCaT cells were significantly increased, while cyclin D1 protein expression was suppressed by dehydrocostus lactone.	Lactones	231-238	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	30-41
28736919-0	2017	A G326E substitution in the glutamate-gated chloride channel 3 (GluCl3) of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae abolishes the agonistic activity of macrocyclic lactones.	Lactones	171-179	glutamate-gated chloride channel-like	Tetranychus urticae	28-62
29291372-4	2018	With the goal of discovering selective inhibitors of the Na,K-ATPase alpha4 and of sperm function, ouabain derivatives were modified at the glycone (C3) and the lactone (C17) domains.	Lactones	161-168	cytokine-like 1	Mus musculus	170-173
28757443-2	2018	This lactone and its derivatives are considered to have potential as drug candidates to treat VDR-related diseases, but their biological activities have not yet been fully characterized, mainly because of their limited availability by chemical synthesis.	Lactones	5-12	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	94-97
29237378-5	2018	Structurally, PON substrates are generally classified as organic phosphorous esters, lactones and arylesters.	Lactones	85-93	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	14-17
29854771-1	2018	The present study tested the effect of a bacterial lactone N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-homoserine lactone (C12-HSL) on the cytoskeletal and transcriptional genes and proteins in prostate adenocarcinoma (PA) cells (DU145 and LNCaP) and prostate small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC) PC3 cells including their cellular viability and apoptosis.	Lactones	51-58	lipase E, hormone sensitive type	Homo sapiens	103-106
29404699-2	2018	One of the proteins constituting HDL particles is paraoxonase-1 (PON1), an enzyme able to hydrolyze aryl esters, lactones, and organophosphates.	Lactones	113-121	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	50-63
29404699-2	2018	One of the proteins constituting HDL particles is paraoxonase-1 (PON1), an enzyme able to hydrolyze aryl esters, lactones, and organophosphates.	Lactones	113-121	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	65-69
29278865-9	2018	The lactone pro-drug form of simvastatin (inactive at HMG-CoA reductase) also activated RyR1, suggesting that the HMG-CoA inhibitor pharmacophore was not responsible for RyR1 activation.	Lactones	4-11	ryanodine receptor 1, skeletal muscle	Mus musculus	88-92
29231144-4	2018	Data presented for 31 natural lactones are discussed in terms of quantitative structureactivity relationships with the objective to predict inhibitors of Myb-induced gene expression.	Lactones	30-38	MYB proto-oncogene, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	154-157
29231144-9	2018	Linear and nonlinear structure-activity models are developed, between lactones of a great structural diversity, to predict inhibitors of Myb-induced gene expression.	Lactones	70-78	MYB proto-oncogene, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	137-140
29300093-2	2018	Hexahydrophenoxazines, tetrahydroquinolines, indolines, hexahydrocarbazoles, and lactones were conducted via Al(OTf)3-promoted cascade cyclization and ionic hydrogenation.	Lactones	81-89	POU class 5 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	112-117
28300280-2	2018	Recently, we have reported that rapamycin, a macrocyclic lactone, attenuates human soluble BAFF (hsBAFF)-stimulated B-cell proliferation/survival by suppressing mTOR-mediated PP2A-Erk1/2 signaling pathway.	Lactones	57-64	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	161-165
28300280-2	2018	Recently, we have reported that rapamycin, a macrocyclic lactone, attenuates human soluble BAFF (hsBAFF)-stimulated B-cell proliferation/survival by suppressing mTOR-mediated PP2A-Erk1/2 signaling pathway.	Lactones	57-64	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	175-186
29019266-9	2018	In conclusion, SN-38-Lip-Gel could improve the effective use of SN-38 by stabilizing the lactone form, extending the drug release, providing a high local drug concentration, and reducing systemic toxicity.	Lactones	89-96	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta	Mus musculus	21-24
28736919-0	2017	A G326E substitution in the glutamate-gated chloride channel 3 (GluCl3) of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae abolishes the agonistic activity of macrocyclic lactones.	Lactones	171-179	glutamate-gated chloride channel-like	Tetranychus urticae	64-70
28300289-0	2017	Dehydrocostus Lactone Suppresses Proliferation of Human Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells Through Bcr/Abl-JAK/STAT Signaling Pathways.	Lactones	14-21	ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	95-102
29132368-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Sensitivity to macrocyclic lactones, which are commonly used in veterinary clinics, was first found in Rough Collies, and was attributed in 2001 to a 4 bp deletion in the MDR1 gene.	Lactones	39-47	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Canis lupus familiaris	183-187
28490069-2	2017	Thanks to this analytical approach we identified a fragrant lactone corresponding to an odorant zone reminiscent of coconut and dried figs as 5,6-dihydro-6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one (C10 massoia lactone).	Lactones	60-67	homeobox C10	Homo sapiens	179-182
28490069-2	2017	Thanks to this analytical approach we identified a fragrant lactone corresponding to an odorant zone reminiscent of coconut and dried figs as 5,6-dihydro-6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one (C10 massoia lactone).	Lactones	191-198	homeobox C10	Homo sapiens	179-182
28490069-7	2017	We show that (R)-C10 massoia lactone is reduced to (R)-delta-decalactone during alcoholic fermentation.	Lactones	29-36	homeobox C10	Homo sapiens	17-20
28300289-3	2017	Dehydrocostus lactone suppresses the expression of cyclin B1, cyclin A, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and increases p21 expression, resulting in S-G2/M phase arrest in K562 cells.	Lactones	14-21	cyclin B1	Homo sapiens	51-60
28300289-3	2017	Dehydrocostus lactone suppresses the expression of cyclin B1, cyclin A, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and increases p21 expression, resulting in S-G2/M phase arrest in K562 cells.	Lactones	14-21	cyclin A2	Homo sapiens	62-70
28300289-3	2017	Dehydrocostus lactone suppresses the expression of cyclin B1, cyclin A, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and increases p21 expression, resulting in S-G2/M phase arrest in K562 cells.	Lactones	14-21	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	82-107
28300289-3	2017	Dehydrocostus lactone suppresses the expression of cyclin B1, cyclin A, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and increases p21 expression, resulting in S-G2/M phase arrest in K562 cells.	Lactones	14-21	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	109-113
28300289-3	2017	Dehydrocostus lactone suppresses the expression of cyclin B1, cyclin A, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and increases p21 expression, resulting in S-G2/M phase arrest in K562 cells.	Lactones	14-21	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	120-145
28300289-3	2017	Dehydrocostus lactone suppresses the expression of cyclin B1, cyclin A, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and increases p21 expression, resulting in S-G2/M phase arrest in K562 cells.	Lactones	14-21	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	147-151
28300289-3	2017	Dehydrocostus lactone suppresses the expression of cyclin B1, cyclin A, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and increases p21 expression, resulting in S-G2/M phase arrest in K562 cells.	Lactones	14-21	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	167-170
28300289-5	2017	We also found that dehydrocostus lactone significantly inhibits the phosphorylation expression of Bcr/Abl, STAT5, JAK2, and STAT3 and downstream molecules including p-CrkL, Mcl-1, Bcl-XL, and Bcl-2 proteins in K562 cells.	Lactones	33-40	ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	98-105
28300289-5	2017	We also found that dehydrocostus lactone significantly inhibits the phosphorylation expression of Bcr/Abl, STAT5, JAK2, and STAT3 and downstream molecules including p-CrkL, Mcl-1, Bcl-XL, and Bcl-2 proteins in K562 cells.	Lactones	33-40	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Homo sapiens	107-112
28300289-5	2017	We also found that dehydrocostus lactone significantly inhibits the phosphorylation expression of Bcr/Abl, STAT5, JAK2, and STAT3 and downstream molecules including p-CrkL, Mcl-1, Bcl-XL, and Bcl-2 proteins in K562 cells.	Lactones	33-40	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	114-118
28300289-5	2017	We also found that dehydrocostus lactone significantly inhibits the phosphorylation expression of Bcr/Abl, STAT5, JAK2, and STAT3 and downstream molecules including p-CrkL, Mcl-1, Bcl-XL, and Bcl-2 proteins in K562 cells.	Lactones	33-40	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	124-129
28300289-5	2017	We also found that dehydrocostus lactone significantly inhibits the phosphorylation expression of Bcr/Abl, STAT5, JAK2, and STAT3 and downstream molecules including p-CrkL, Mcl-1, Bcl-XL, and Bcl-2 proteins in K562 cells.	Lactones	33-40	CRK like proto-oncogene, adaptor protein	Homo sapiens	167-171
28300289-5	2017	We also found that dehydrocostus lactone significantly inhibits the phosphorylation expression of Bcr/Abl, STAT5, JAK2, and STAT3 and downstream molecules including p-CrkL, Mcl-1, Bcl-XL, and Bcl-2 proteins in K562 cells.	Lactones	33-40	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	173-178
28300289-5	2017	We also found that dehydrocostus lactone significantly inhibits the phosphorylation expression of Bcr/Abl, STAT5, JAK2, and STAT3 and downstream molecules including p-CrkL, Mcl-1, Bcl-XL, and Bcl-2 proteins in K562 cells.	Lactones	33-40	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	180-186
28300289-5	2017	We also found that dehydrocostus lactone significantly inhibits the phosphorylation expression of Bcr/Abl, STAT5, JAK2, and STAT3 and downstream molecules including p-CrkL, Mcl-1, Bcl-XL, and Bcl-2 proteins in K562 cells.	Lactones	33-40	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	192-197
28671826-1	2017	A series of enantiomerically pure bicyclo[2.2.2]octenones, including the lactone-annulated system 26, has been prepared by engaging derivatives of an enzymatically derived and homochiral cis-1,2-dihydrocatechol in inter- or intra-molecular Diels-Alder reactions.	Lactones	73-80	suppressor of cytokine signaling 1	Homo sapiens	187-192
28671468-8	2017	For the intact PKCalpha and PKCdelta, the shortest DAG-lactone dimer had similar affinity to the monomer and affinity decreased progressively up to the 16-carbon linker.	Lactones	55-62	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	15-23
28671468-8	2017	For the intact PKCalpha and PKCdelta, the shortest DAG-lactone dimer had similar affinity to the monomer and affinity decreased progressively up to the 16-carbon linker.	Lactones	55-62	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	28-36
28731121-2	2017	The point of divergence was provided by the lactone aldehyde 6, in which four contiguous stereocenters were achieved by a stereocontrolled Evans syn-aldol reaction of a R-carvone derived enantiopure aldehyde and chiral N-succinyl-oxazolidinone.	Lactones	44-51	synemin	Homo sapiens	145-148
28007573-13	2017	These results suggest the existence of additional lactone-containing metabolites that can be derived from the PUFA metabolism and which may function as novel EDHFs.	Lactones	50-57	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	110-114
28455603-0	2017	An Active Drimane-Type Lactone from Polygonum jucundum Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice Through TLR4-MAPKs Signaling Pathway.	Lactones	23-30	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	127-131
28392275-7	2017	Our results show that the indole ring must be attached to the lactone moiety through the sn-2 position in order to achieve RasGRP1 selectivity.	Lactones	62-69	RAS guanyl releasing protein 1	Homo sapiens	123-130
28451284-0	2017	Cryptic post-transition state bifurcations that reduce the efficiency of lactone-forming Rh-carbenoid C-H insertions.	Lactones	73-80	cripto, FRL-1, cryptic family 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
27998758-2	2017	Bactericidal and fungicidal activity of the lactone against different bacteria such as MSSA, MRSA, E. coli ESBL, P. aeruginosa and clinical isolates of Candida spp., in planktonic and biofilm growth stage were assessed.	Lactones	44-51	EsbL	Escherichia coli	107-111
28448089-1	2017	Senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30) decreases androgen-independently with aging and is a lactone-hydrolyzing enzyme gluconolactonase (GNL) that is involved in vitamin C biosynthesis.	Lactones	90-97	regucalcin	Mus musculus	0-28
28448089-1	2017	Senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30) decreases androgen-independently with aging and is a lactone-hydrolyzing enzyme gluconolactonase (GNL) that is involved in vitamin C biosynthesis.	Lactones	90-97	regucalcin	Mus musculus	30-35
28448089-1	2017	Senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30) decreases androgen-independently with aging and is a lactone-hydrolyzing enzyme gluconolactonase (GNL) that is involved in vitamin C biosynthesis.	Lactones	90-97	regucalcin	Mus musculus	135-138
27909291-8	2016	The dramatic activity enhancement may be attributed to the increased hydrophobic interactions with the lactone ring by the mutation A216V, and the reduced steric clashes between the long side chain of L122 and the aliphatic tail of HSL by the mutation L122A, according to the crystal structure.	Lactones	103-110	lipase E, hormone sensitive type	Homo sapiens	232-235
28676732-8	2017	Withaferin A, an anti-inflammatory steroidal lactone, inhibited the IL-6- and TNF-alpha-induced cancer cell invasion and decreased colonosphere formation.	Lactones	45-52	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	68-87
27973612-4	2016	This steroidal lactone inhibits TCF-dependent colon cancer xenograft growth and mimics the effects of genetic blockade of TCF and of ivermectin, a previously reported WNT-TCF blocker.	Lactones	15-22	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	32-35
27973612-4	2016	This steroidal lactone inhibits TCF-dependent colon cancer xenograft growth and mimics the effects of genetic blockade of TCF and of ivermectin, a previously reported WNT-TCF blocker.	Lactones	15-22	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	122-125
27973612-4	2016	This steroidal lactone inhibits TCF-dependent colon cancer xenograft growth and mimics the effects of genetic blockade of TCF and of ivermectin, a previously reported WNT-TCF blocker.	Lactones	15-22	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	122-125
27690363-2	2016	The combination of Mn(CO)5 Br with [HN(CH2 CH2 P(Et)2 )2 ] leads to a mixture of cationic and neutral Mn PNP pincer complexes, which enable the reduction of various ester substrates, including aromatic and aliphatic esters as well as diesters and lactones.	Lactones	247-255	endothelin 2	Homo sapiens	39-56
27805747-0	2016	Recent Developments and Optimization of Lipase-Catalyzed Lactone Formation and Ring-Opening Polymerization.	Lactones	57-64	PAN0_003d1715	Moesziomyces antarcticus	40-46
27234542-1	2016	Deletion of 4-base pairs in the canine ABCB1 (MDR1) gene, responsible for encoding P-glycoprotein, leads to nonsense frame-shift mutation, which causes hypersensitivity to macrocyclic lactones drugs (e.g. ivermectin).	Lactones	184-192	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Canis lupus familiaris	39-44
27172882-7	2016	The presence of two polymorphic loci on D. immitis P-glycoprotein-11 (Dim-pgp-11) correlated with loss of efficacy of macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics, suggesting that PGPs may be involved in macrocyclic lactone resistance in D. immitis.	Lactones	130-137	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	74-77
27172882-7	2016	The presence of two polymorphic loci on D. immitis P-glycoprotein-11 (Dim-pgp-11) correlated with loss of efficacy of macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics, suggesting that PGPs may be involved in macrocyclic lactone resistance in D. immitis.	Lactones	205-212	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	74-77
25982292-1	2016	Human serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1; EC 3.1.8.1) is a high-density lipoprotein associated, calcium-dependent enzyme that hydrolyses aromatic esters, organophosphates and lactones and can protect the low-density lipoprotein against oxidation.	Lactones	166-174	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	12-25
25982292-1	2016	Human serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1; EC 3.1.8.1) is a high-density lipoprotein associated, calcium-dependent enzyme that hydrolyses aromatic esters, organophosphates and lactones and can protect the low-density lipoprotein against oxidation.	Lactones	166-174	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
27172882-10	2016	The inhibitory effect of these macrocyclic lactones on the transport of two fluorophore probes, Rhodamine 123 and Hoechst 33342, by Dim-PGP-11 has been studied.	Lactones	43-51	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	136-139
27172882-12	2016	However, both avermectins and milbemycin preventives inhibited the transport of Hoechst 33342 by Dim-PGP-11 in a concentration-dependent and apparently saturable manner, although differences existed in terms of efficiency and potency of inhibition between the two sub-classes of macrocyclic lactones.	Lactones	291-299	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	101-104
27172882-14	2016	The avermectins appear to bind the "R" binding site unlike the milbemycins, whereas both sub-classes of macrocyclic lactones might interact with the "H" site of D. immitis PGP-11.	Lactones	116-124	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	172-175
27626296-0	2016	GM-3 Lactone Mimetic Interacts with CD4 and HIV-1 Env Proteins, Hampering HIV-1 Infection without Inducing a Histopathological Alteration.	Lactones	5-12	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	36-39
27234542-1	2016	Deletion of 4-base pairs in the canine ABCB1 (MDR1) gene, responsible for encoding P-glycoprotein, leads to nonsense frame-shift mutation, which causes hypersensitivity to macrocyclic lactones drugs (e.g. ivermectin).	Lactones	184-192	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Canis lupus familiaris	46-50
26699479-9	2016	Drug screening revealed that antiparasitic macrocyclic lactones inhibit YAP1 activation in vitro and in vivo.	Lactones	55-63	yes-associated protein 1	Mus musculus	72-76
27097807-7	2016	Accelerated tumor growth by Notch2 knockdown was highly sensitive to inhibition by a promising steroidal lactone (WA) derived from a medicinal plant.	Lactones	105-112	notch receptor 2	Homo sapiens	28-34
27008798-2	2016	There are two forms of camptothecin (the carboxylate form (CPT-C) and the lactone form (CPT-L)) but only the lactone one is pharmacologically active.	Lactones	74-81	choline phosphotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	88-91
26408225-0	2015	Thiol dependent NF-kappaB suppression and inhibition of T-cell mediated adaptive immune responses by a naturally occurring steroidal lactone Withaferin A.	Lactones	133-140	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	16-25
26478420-4	2016	Molecular dynamic simulations showed that phenoxazine and lactone rings of ActD come close to the outer G-tetrad nucleotides indicating that ActD binds through end-stacking to the quadruplex DNA.	Lactones	58-65	ACTD	Homo sapiens	75-79
26478420-4	2016	Molecular dynamic simulations showed that phenoxazine and lactone rings of ActD come close to the outer G-tetrad nucleotides indicating that ActD binds through end-stacking to the quadruplex DNA.	Lactones	58-65	ACTD	Homo sapiens	141-145
26434364-4	2015	Key elements in these total syntheses include: (1) FeCl3-catalyzed cationic cascade cyclization to construct podocarpane-type skeleton; (2) Mn(III)/Co(II)-catalyzed radical hydroxylation of alkene with high regio-, diastereo-, and chemoselectivities; (3) and a ketal-deprotection/lactone-opening/deprotonation/lactonization cascade.	Lactones	280-287	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	148-153
25644661-4	2015	This network ensures precise alignment of N168, which, in turn, ligates PON1"s catalytic calcium and aligns the lactone substrate for catalysis.	Lactones	112-119	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
26146888-1	2015	Serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a versatile enzyme for the hydrolysis of various substrates (e.g., lactones, phosphotriesters) and for the formation of a promising chemical platform gamma-valerolactone.	Lactones	97-105	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	21-25
25850883-0	2015	Dehydrocostus lactone suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colorectal carcinoma through the downregulation of eIF4E expression.	Lactones	14-21	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E	Homo sapiens	130-135
25929447-1	2015	Ellagic acid (EA), a phenolic lactone, inhibited tautomerase activity of human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) noncompetitively (Ki = 1.97 +- 0.7 muM).	Lactones	30-37	macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens	79-117
25929447-3	2015	We synthesized several EA derivatives, and their structure-activity relationship studies indicated that the planar conjugated lactone moiety of EA was essential for MIF inhibition.	Lactones	126-133	macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens	165-168
25946161-9	2015	Furthermore, molecular docking analysis revealed that either an 11-OH or a 16-OAc group spatially close to a five-membered lactone ring significantly facilitated the anchoring of these compounds within site I of the HSA pocket via hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) with Tyr150 or Lys199, respectively.	Lactones	123-130	albumin	Homo sapiens	216-219
25987227-9	2015	Thus, we compared the effects of mutations around G336 and A302 mutations in TM2 on the activities of macrocyclic lactone and meta-diamide 7.	Lactones	114-121	Tropomyosin 2	Drosophila melanogaster	77-80
25760981-11	2015	Subsequent competing pathways lead to formation of corrinoid complexes with two fewer hydrogen atoms and lactone derivatives of B12 .	Lactones	105-112	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	128-131
26286430-12	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Cnidium lactone may induce prostate cancer cell apoptosis and inhibit its proliferation through regulating CD147, mutant P53, and BCL-2 expression in nude mice.	Lactones	21-28	basigin	Mus musculus	120-125
26286430-12	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Cnidium lactone may induce prostate cancer cell apoptosis and inhibit its proliferation through regulating CD147, mutant P53, and BCL-2 expression in nude mice.	Lactones	21-28	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	134-137
26286430-12	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Cnidium lactone may induce prostate cancer cell apoptosis and inhibit its proliferation through regulating CD147, mutant P53, and BCL-2 expression in nude mice.	Lactones	21-28	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	143-148
26004006-7	2015	In vivo pharmacokinetics in rats showed improved lactone stability of 9-NC following intravenous injection of Tf-9-NC-CL.	Lactones	49-56	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	110-112
25641190-8	2015	Four of the twelve compounds shared an aromatic lactone structure and were found to be potent inhibitors of the ALDH1/2 isoenzymes, but have no inhibitory effect on ALDH3A1, ALDH4A1 or ALDH5A1.	Lactones	48-55	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	112-117
25641190-9	2015	Two of the aromatic lactones show selectivity within the ALDH1/2 class, and one appears to be selective for ALDH2 compared to all other isoenzymes tested.	Lactones	20-28	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	57-62
25641190-9	2015	Two of the aromatic lactones show selectivity within the ALDH1/2 class, and one appears to be selective for ALDH2 compared to all other isoenzymes tested.	Lactones	20-28	aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member	Homo sapiens	108-113
25448402-5	2015	Disruption of vimentin cytoskeleton by treatment with withaferin A, a natural steroidal lactone, suppressed not only the adhesion of ATL cells to the feeder layer but also subsequent Ad-MCA formation by ATL cells, suggesting the involvement of vimentin in anchoring ATL cells to the feeder layer.	Lactones	88-95	vimentin	Homo sapiens	14-22
25367701-0	2015	A new method for the preparation of non-terminal alkynes: application to the total syntheses of tulearin A and C. Lactones are known to react with the reagent generated in situ from CCl4 and PPh3 in a Wittig-type fashion to give gem-dichloro-olefin derivatives.	Lactones	114-122	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Homo sapiens	182-186
25367701-0	2015	A new method for the preparation of non-terminal alkynes: application to the total syntheses of tulearin A and C. Lactones are known to react with the reagent generated in situ from CCl4 and PPh3 in a Wittig-type fashion to give gem-dichloro-olefin derivatives.	Lactones	114-122	protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	191-195
25344813-4	2014	Here, by reconstituting the SL biosynthetic pathway in Nicotiana benthamiana, we show that a rice homolog of Arabidopsis More Axillary Growth 1 (MAX1), encodes a cytochrome P450 CYP711 subfamily member that acts as a CL oxidase to stereoselectively convert CL into ent-2"-epi-5-deoxystrigol (B-C lactone ring formation), the presumed precursor of rice SLs.	Lactones	296-303	cytochrome P450, family 711, subfamily A, polypeptide 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	145-149
25493567-1	2014	Aim: Simvastatin is a lactone prodrug that exists in equilibrium with its active hydroxyacid through a process mediated by UGT1A enzymes.	Lactones	22-29	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A complex locus	Homo sapiens	123-128
25411495-8	2014	We found that the human ortholog of Olfr235 and Olfr1440 responds to macrocyclic ketone and lactone musk odorants but not to polycyclic musk odorants or a macrocyclic diester musk odorant.	Lactones	92-99	olfactory receptor family 5 subfamily AN member 11	Mus musculus	36-43
25411495-8	2014	We found that the human ortholog of Olfr235 and Olfr1440 responds to macrocyclic ketone and lactone musk odorants but not to polycyclic musk odorants or a macrocyclic diester musk odorant.	Lactones	92-99	olfactory receptor family 5 subfamily AN member 6	Mus musculus	48-56
25162154-3	2014	The final lactones were obtained as single diastereoisomers, demonstrating that the mixture of the anti and syn diastereomers epimerized to the syn hydroxy ester during the oxido-reduction step.	Lactones	10-18	synemin	Homo sapiens	108-111
25143352-0	2014	The river blindness drug Ivermectin and related macrocyclic lactones inhibit WNT-TCF pathway responses in human cancer.	Lactones	60-68	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	81-84
25162154-3	2014	The final lactones were obtained as single diastereoisomers, demonstrating that the mixture of the anti and syn diastereomers epimerized to the syn hydroxy ester during the oxido-reduction step.	Lactones	10-18	synemin	Homo sapiens	144-147
24890600-1	2014	Macrolactin A (MA) and 7-O-succinyl macrolactin A (SMA), polyene macrolides containing a 24-membered lactone ring, show antibiotic effects superior to those of teicoplanin against vancomycin-resistant enterococci and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.	Lactones	101-108	survival of motor neuron 1, telomeric	Homo sapiens	51-54
25027935-3	2014	Compounds were first screened for their cytotoxicity in order to select lactones for PPARgamma and Nrf2 activation evaluation.	Lactones	72-80	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	85-94
25027935-3	2014	Compounds were first screened for their cytotoxicity in order to select lactones for PPARgamma and Nrf2 activation evaluation.	Lactones	72-80	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	99-103
25054771-1	2014	Optically active seven-membered lactones, dimethyleneoxazepanones, were readily prepared in good yields from chiral beta-(N-propargylic)amino-alpha-methylene carboxylic acid tert-butyl esters in the presence of catalytic amounts of Ph3PAuCl and Cu(OTf)2.	Lactones	32-40	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	248-253
23929729-7	2014	CSF concentration of topotecan closed lactone ranged from 3.73 to 312 ng/mL (median = 131 ng/mL) and plasma topotecan closed lactone ranged from 0.44 to 1.78 ng/mL (median = 0.92 ng/mL).	Lactones	38-45	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
24594239-2	2014	The present study aims to investigate the anti-atherosclerotic effects of lactones extracted from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (LLC) in apoE-deficient mice (ApoE(-/-) mice) and proclaim its underlying mechanisms.	Lactones	74-82	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	134-138
25087962-0	2014	The Lactone form of stachybotrydial: a new inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase from stachybotrys sp.	Lactones	4-11	Dihydrofolate reductase	Staphylococcus aureus	56-79
24520094-5	2014	Vaccine contained 30 mug each of GD2 and GD3 stabilized as lactones and conjugated to the immunologic carrier protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin; and OPT-821, which was dose escalated as 50, 75, 100, and 150 mug/m(2) per injection.	Lactones	59-67	GRDX	Homo sapiens	41-44
25286681-6	2014	The expression of LC3 and autophagic flows of SMMC 7721 cells were increased by feverfew lactone, while p62 was decreased, which implied that feverfew lactone could induce the autophagy of SMMC 7721 cells.	Lactones	89-96	microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	18-21
25286681-6	2014	The expression of LC3 and autophagic flows of SMMC 7721 cells were increased by feverfew lactone, while p62 was decreased, which implied that feverfew lactone could induce the autophagy of SMMC 7721 cells.	Lactones	151-158	microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	18-21
23887853-1	2014	Withaferin A (WA), a naturally occurring steroidal lactone, directly binds to Hsp90 and leads to the degradation of Hsp90 client protein.	Lactones	51-58	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	78-83
24382054-1	2014	Milk lactone profile.	Lactones	5-12	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
24382054-3	2014	This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary linseed oil (LO) and forage to concentrate ratio on milk lactone profile.	Lactones	117-124	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	112-116
24382054-6	2014	Milk lactone profile was evaluated using the solid phase microextraction technique.	Lactones	5-12	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
24382054-14	2014	In conclusion, feeding LO in HC diet modified milk lactone profile with a shift toward more gamma- and less delta-lactones as compared with LC diet not supplemented with LO.	Lactones	51-58	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	46-50
23685015-6	2013	Enzymatic assays revealed that lactone and lactol derivatives weakly inhibited 17beta-HSD1 in homogenized HEK-293 cells overexpressing 17beta-HSD1 (34-60% at 1 muM) and in intact T-47D cells expressing 17beta-HSD1 (10-40% at 10 muM).	Lactones	31-38	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	79-90
23715498-5	2013	Using laser-directed confocal microscopy, we demonstrate that RECQL5 is recruited to ICLs formed by trioxalen (a psoralen-derived compound) and ultraviolet irradiation A.	Lactones	100-109	RecQ like helicase 5	Homo sapiens	62-68
23838380-5	2013	Camptothecin (2.4A) and 9 amino camptothecin (2.0A) are clearly bound as the open lactone form (IBp).	Lactones	82-89	trafficking protein particle complex subunit 9	Homo sapiens	96-99
24021462-5	2013	A SAR study reveals the structural features of these lactones that are beneficial for their antiproliferative activity, such as presence of an additional oxepane ring, the absolute stereochemistry and the presence of a deoxy function at the C-7 position.	Lactones	53-61	sarcosine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	2-5
23873658-2	2013	9NC bulk drug substance was found to be a nonhygroscopic, yellowish crystalline solid with long rectangular prism-shaped particle morphology and a sharp melting point at 264 C. Hydrolysis of 9NC-lactone occurs above pH 4, whereas complete conversion of lactone to carboxylate was recorded above pH 8.	Lactones	195-202	prolyl 4-hydroxylase, transmembrane	Homo sapiens	216-220
23263794-0	2013	Influences of "spasmolytic powder" on pgp expression of Coriaria Lactone-kindling drug-resistant epileptic rat model.	Lactones	65-72	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
23685015-6	2013	Enzymatic assays revealed that lactone and lactol derivatives weakly inhibited 17beta-HSD1 in homogenized HEK-293 cells overexpressing 17beta-HSD1 (34-60% at 1 muM) and in intact T-47D cells expressing 17beta-HSD1 (10-40% at 10 muM).	Lactones	31-38	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	135-146
23685015-6	2013	Enzymatic assays revealed that lactone and lactol derivatives weakly inhibited 17beta-HSD1 in homogenized HEK-293 cells overexpressing 17beta-HSD1 (34-60% at 1 muM) and in intact T-47D cells expressing 17beta-HSD1 (10-40% at 10 muM).	Lactones	31-38	latexin	Homo sapiens	160-163
23685015-6	2013	Enzymatic assays revealed that lactone and lactol derivatives weakly inhibited 17beta-HSD1 in homogenized HEK-293 cells overexpressing 17beta-HSD1 (34-60% at 1 muM) and in intact T-47D cells expressing 17beta-HSD1 (10-40% at 10 muM).	Lactones	31-38	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	135-146
23685015-6	2013	Enzymatic assays revealed that lactone and lactol derivatives weakly inhibited 17beta-HSD1 in homogenized HEK-293 cells overexpressing 17beta-HSD1 (34-60% at 1 muM) and in intact T-47D cells expressing 17beta-HSD1 (10-40% at 10 muM).	Lactones	31-38	latexin	Homo sapiens	228-231
23685174-2	2013	By using superacid chemistry, analogues of the lactone phenolic hybrid lead compound have been synthesized and tested as CA inhibitors.	Lactones	47-54	HCA1	Homo sapiens	121-123
23815125-2	2013	epsilon-Decalactone is a seven-membered lactone that was successfully polymerized with Sn(Oct)(2) and 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene into both an amorphous homopolymer and copolymers with high molecular weight, low dispersity, and predicted macromolecular architecture.	Lactones	12-19	plexin A2	Homo sapiens	90-93
23788644-10	2013	Unlike the bacterial PON, the mammalian ancestor also hydrolyzes, with low efficiency, lactones other than homoserine lactones, thus preceding the detoxifying functions that diverged later in two of the three mammalian families.	Lactones	87-95	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	21-24
23580084-2	2013	Atorvastatin acid is converted to its corresponding lactone form spontaneously or via glucuronidation mediated by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 and 1A3.	Lactones	52-59	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	114-175
23580084-5	2013	In this study we aimed to investigate the association between polymorphisms in the UGT1A gene locus and plasma atorvastatin lactone levels.	Lactones	124-131	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A complex locus	Homo sapiens	83-88
23685174-4	2013	These new compounds selectively inhibited isoforms CA I (K(I)s in the range of 0.13-0.76 muM), III (K(I)s in the range of 5.13-10.80 muM), XIII (K(I)s in the range of 0.34-0.96 muM) and XIV (K(I)s in the range of 2.44-7.24 muM), and can be considered as new leads, probably acting as non-zinc-binders, similar to other phenols/lactones investigated earlier.	Lactones	327-335	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
23538560-9	2013	Strains with significant mutations of lasR secreted the lowest amount of AHL, probably due to deficiencies in the self-induction and amplification of the synthesis of the lactone.	Lactones	171-178	transcriptional regulator LasR	Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	38-42
23620484-4	2013	Using cell lines expressing the aforementioned transporters, we showed that the lipophilic AR-67 lactone form is a substrate for efflux transporters BCRP and MDR1.	Lactones	97-104	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Mus musculus	149-153
23620484-4	2013	Using cell lines expressing the aforementioned transporters, we showed that the lipophilic AR-67 lactone form is a substrate for efflux transporters BCRP and MDR1.	Lactones	97-104	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Mus musculus	158-162
23620484-6	2013	Notably, both BCRP and MDR1 conferred resistance to AR-67 lactone.	Lactones	58-65	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Mus musculus	14-18
23620484-6	2013	Notably, both BCRP and MDR1 conferred resistance to AR-67 lactone.	Lactones	58-65	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Mus musculus	23-27
23620484-9	2013	In conclusion, BCRP- and MDR1-mediated efflux of AR-67 lactone confers resistance to AR-67, but OATP1B3-mediated uptake of the AR-67 carboxylate does not sensitize OATP1B3-expressing tumor cells.	Lactones	55-62	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Mus musculus	15-19
23620484-9	2013	In conclusion, BCRP- and MDR1-mediated efflux of AR-67 lactone confers resistance to AR-67, but OATP1B3-mediated uptake of the AR-67 carboxylate does not sensitize OATP1B3-expressing tumor cells.	Lactones	55-62	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Mus musculus	25-29
23556337-8	2013	Gene-dose effects of SLCO1B1 c.521T> C and g.11187G > A on pharmacokinetics of the acid and lactone forms were observed.	Lactones	98-105	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens	21-28
23523259-12	2013	The location of glycoside at C-3 for borapetoside A but C-6 for borapetoside C and the formation of lactone between C-4 and C-6 for borapetoside A, could account for the different potency in hypoglycemic action for these two compounds.	Lactones	100-107	complement component 4B (Chido blood group)	Mus musculus	116-119
23523259-12	2013	The location of glycoside at C-3 for borapetoside A but C-6 for borapetoside C and the formation of lactone between C-4 and C-6 for borapetoside A, could account for the different potency in hypoglycemic action for these two compounds.	Lactones	100-107	complement component 6	Mus musculus	124-127
23016960-5	2013	Although there is no direct evidence identifying the location of the spinosad binding site, the analogous amino acid in the C. elegans glutamate-gated chloride channel lies in close proximity (4.4 A) to the known binding site of ivermectin, another macrocyclic lactone pesticide.	Lactones	261-268	Ig-like domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	135-167
23799090-5	2013	Dehydrocostus lactone significantly inhibited cell proliferation, arrested the cells at the G2/M interface and caused a decrease in the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK2 and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1).	Lactones	14-21	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	178-182
23799090-5	2013	Dehydrocostus lactone significantly inhibited cell proliferation, arrested the cells at the G2/M interface and caused a decrease in the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK2 and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1).	Lactones	14-21	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Homo sapiens	191-233
23799090-10	2013	Dehydrocostus lactone treatment significantly reduced MMP-2 and -9 expression in TE-671 cells, but increased MMP-9 level in SW-982 cells.	Lactones	14-21	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	54-66
23799090-10	2013	Dehydrocostus lactone treatment significantly reduced MMP-2 and -9 expression in TE-671 cells, but increased MMP-9 level in SW-982 cells.	Lactones	14-21	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	109-114
23556337-9	2013	Compared to non-SLCO1B1*17 carriers, SLCO1B1*17 carriers had higher Cmax and AUC(0-infinity) of the acid and lactone forms (P<0.05).	Lactones	109-116	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens	37-44
23297231-3	2013	Structural and complementary chemical analyses reveal an unexpected mechanism of inhibition involving covalent conjugation and CRM1-mediated hydrolysis of the natural products" lactone rings.	Lactones	177-184	exportin 1	Homo sapiens	127-131
24292059-2	2013	Previously, we established that SMP30 is the lactone-hydrolyzing enzyme gluconolactonase (GNL), which is involved in ascorbic acid (AA) biosynthesis.	Lactones	45-52	regucalcin	Mus musculus	32-37
24292059-2	2013	Previously, we established that SMP30 is the lactone-hydrolyzing enzyme gluconolactonase (GNL), which is involved in ascorbic acid (AA) biosynthesis.	Lactones	45-52	regucalcin	Mus musculus	72-88
24292059-2	2013	Previously, we established that SMP30 is the lactone-hydrolyzing enzyme gluconolactonase (GNL), which is involved in ascorbic acid (AA) biosynthesis.	Lactones	45-52	regucalcin	Mus musculus	90-93
22971832-1	2012	Human serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1; EC 3.1.8.1) is a high-density lipoprotein associated, calcium-dependent enzyme that hydrolyses aromatic esters, organophosphates and lactones and can protect the low-density lipoprotein against oxidation.	Lactones	166-174	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	12-25
23134667-0	2013	Inhibition of TGF-beta signaling by the fungal lactones (S)-curvularin, dehydrocurvularin, oxacyclododecindione and galiellalactone.	Lactones	47-55	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	14-22
23134667-4	2013	In a screening program of natural compounds from fungi inhibiting the TGF-beta dependent expression of a reporter gene in HepG2 cells, we found that the fungal lactones (S)-curvularin, dehydrocurvularin, oxacyclododecindione and galiellalactone inhibited the binding of the activated Smad2/3 transcription factors to the DNA and antagonized the cellular effects of TGF-beta including reporter gene activation and expression of TGF-beta induced genes in HepG2 and MDA-MB-231 cells.	Lactones	160-168	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	70-78
23134667-4	2013	In a screening program of natural compounds from fungi inhibiting the TGF-beta dependent expression of a reporter gene in HepG2 cells, we found that the fungal lactones (S)-curvularin, dehydrocurvularin, oxacyclododecindione and galiellalactone inhibited the binding of the activated Smad2/3 transcription factors to the DNA and antagonized the cellular effects of TGF-beta including reporter gene activation and expression of TGF-beta induced genes in HepG2 and MDA-MB-231 cells.	Lactones	160-168	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	365-373
23134667-4	2013	In a screening program of natural compounds from fungi inhibiting the TGF-beta dependent expression of a reporter gene in HepG2 cells, we found that the fungal lactones (S)-curvularin, dehydrocurvularin, oxacyclododecindione and galiellalactone inhibited the binding of the activated Smad2/3 transcription factors to the DNA and antagonized the cellular effects of TGF-beta including reporter gene activation and expression of TGF-beta induced genes in HepG2 and MDA-MB-231 cells.	Lactones	160-168	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	365-373
23069620-6	2012	Since the active site of CYP2E1 is flexible, long chain lactones and alkyl alcohols fitted best into the larger open form while the other compounds fitted better in the smaller closed form of the active site.	Lactones	56-64	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	25-31
22971832-1	2012	Human serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1; EC 3.1.8.1) is a high-density lipoprotein associated, calcium-dependent enzyme that hydrolyses aromatic esters, organophosphates and lactones and can protect the low-density lipoprotein against oxidation.	Lactones	166-174	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
22889055-2	2012	The analogues are denoted S-1- and S-2-peridinin and differ from naturally occurring peridinin in the location of the lactone ring and its associated carbonyl group, known to be obligatory for the observation of a solvent dependence of the lifetime of the S(1) state of carotenoids.	Lactones	118-125	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	26-30
22324303-0	2012	The effects of dehydrocostus lactone on osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells in redox changes and PI3K/Akt/CREB.	Lactones	29-36	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	94-97
22324303-0	2012	The effects of dehydrocostus lactone on osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells in redox changes and PI3K/Akt/CREB.	Lactones	29-36	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	98-102
22324303-4	2012	Moreover, dehydrocostus lactone increased activities of PI3K and Akt, and CREB phosphorylation inhibited by AMA.	Lactones	24-31	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	65-68
22324303-5	2012	These results suggest that antioxidant activity and PI3K/Akt/CREB activation are related to the protective effect of dehydrocostus lactone against osteoblast damage induced by AMA.	Lactones	131-138	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	57-60
22324303-5	2012	These results suggest that antioxidant activity and PI3K/Akt/CREB activation are related to the protective effect of dehydrocostus lactone against osteoblast damage induced by AMA.	Lactones	131-138	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	61-65
23047249-6	2012	Cells treated with costunolide showed no changes in cell cycle, little in caspase 3/7 activity, and low levels of cleaved caspase-3 after 24 and 48 h. Dehydrocostus lactone caused a significant reduction of cells in the G1 phase and an increase of cells in the S and G2/M phase.	Lactones	165-172	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	74-83
23047249-10	2012	Our data demonstrate for the first time that dehydrocostus lactone affects cell viability, cell cycle distribution and ABC transporter expression in soft tissue sarcoma cell lines.	Lactones	59-66	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	119-134
22785570-10	2012	The absorption maxima of substituted Pechmann dyes and their rearranged lactone counterparts can be predicted with excellent accuracy (+-6 nm) at the optimal SMD(toluene)/TD-BMK/DGDZVP//SMD(toluene)B3LYP/DGDZVP level of theory.	Lactones	72-79	small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N	Homo sapiens	158-161
22785570-10	2012	The absorption maxima of substituted Pechmann dyes and their rearranged lactone counterparts can be predicted with excellent accuracy (+-6 nm) at the optimal SMD(toluene)/TD-BMK/DGDZVP//SMD(toluene)B3LYP/DGDZVP level of theory.	Lactones	72-79	small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N	Homo sapiens	178-203
22889055-3	2012	Relative to peridinin, S-1- and S-2-peridinin have their lactone rings two and four carbons more toward the center of the pi-electron system of conjugated carbon-carbon double bonds, respectively.	Lactones	57-64	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	23-27
22634165-1	2012	Splitomicin, is a cell-permeable lactone derived from naphthol and known to be a potent selective inhibitor of Sir2 (silent information regulator 2).	Lactones	33-40	sirtuin 2	Homo sapiens	111-115
22515328-3	2012	Replacement of the amide group with a carbamate one led to different stereoselectivity for NAAA inhibition and higher intrinsic stability, because of the reduced level of intramolecular attack at the lactone ring.	Lactones	200-207	N-acylethanolamine acid amidase	Homo sapiens	91-95
22555810-6	2012	Lactone formation was significantly higher in the UGT1A3*2 carriers.	Lactones	0-7	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A3	Homo sapiens	50-56
22667756-3	2012	Methanolysis of the lactone ring of the N-benzyl-N-methyl derivative 7c followed by protection of the resulting secondary hydroxy group and treatment of the product with Boc anhydride provided the activated cyclic sulfamates 13 and 14.	Lactones	20-27	BOC cell adhesion associated, oncogene regulated	Homo sapiens	170-173
22515328-4	2012	The introduction of a syn methyl at the beta-position of the lactone further improved chemical stability.	Lactones	61-68	synemin	Homo sapiens	22-25
22039791-4	2012	Subpopulations of some strains or breeds of some species appear to be uniquely sensitive to the neurotoxic effects of the macrocyclic lactones due to enhanced brain penetration by these drugs as a result of a deficiency in P-glycoprotein arising as a result of a mutation in the MDR1 gene.	Lactones	134-142	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	279-283
22401958-2	2012	We purified SMP-30 from mouse (Mo) liver and compared its hydrolytic activity towards various esters, lactones, and G-type nerve agents with that of human paraoxonase1 (Hu PON1) and squid diisopropylfluorophosphatase (DFPase).	Lactones	102-110	regucalcin	Mus musculus	12-18
22401958-4	2012	While Hu PON1 hydrolyzed a variety of lactones, the only lactone that was a substrate for Mo SMP-30 was d-(+)-gluconic acid delta-lactone.	Lactones	38-46	paraoxonase 1	Mus musculus	9-13
22401958-4	2012	While Hu PON1 hydrolyzed a variety of lactones, the only lactone that was a substrate for Mo SMP-30 was d-(+)-gluconic acid delta-lactone.	Lactones	38-45	paraoxonase 1	Mus musculus	9-13
22387469-3	2012	To better understand the molecular basis of enzyme promiscuity, we studied the mammalian serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) whose native substrates are lipophilic lactones.	Lactones	155-163	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	95-108
22387469-3	2012	To better understand the molecular basis of enzyme promiscuity, we studied the mammalian serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) whose native substrates are lipophilic lactones.	Lactones	155-163	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	110-114
22387469-4	2012	We describe the crystal structures of PON1 at a catalytically relevant pH and of its complex with a lactone analogue.	Lactones	100-107	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	38-42
22039792-0	2012	Treatment of MDR1 mutant dogs with macrocyclic lactones.	Lactones	47-55	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Canis lupus familiaris	13-17
22039792-4	2012	Accordingly, dogs with homozygous MDR1 mutation are in general prone to neurotoxicity by macrocyclic lactones due to their increased brain penetration.	Lactones	101-109	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Canis lupus familiaris	34-38
22396032-6	2012	In the negative ion mode, the type of substituents at C-7 could affect the cleavage pattern of the lactone ring.	Lactones	99-106	complement C7	Homo sapiens	54-57
22448091-1	2012	We recently identified senescence marker protein-30 as the lactone-hydrolyzing enzyme gluconolactonase, which is involved in vitamin C biosynthesis.	Lactones	59-66	regucalcin	Mus musculus	23-51
21867409-4	2012	Each PON member has high catalytic activity toward corresponding artificial organophosphate, and all exhibit activities to lactones.	Lactones	123-131	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	5-8
22219189-2	2012	The P2X4 receptor is unique among family members in its sensitivity to the macrocyclic lactone, ivermectin, which allosterically modulates both ion conduction and channel gating.	Lactones	87-94	purinergic receptor P2X 4	Homo sapiens	4-8
22448091-1	2012	We recently identified senescence marker protein-30 as the lactone-hydrolyzing enzyme gluconolactonase, which is involved in vitamin C biosynthesis.	Lactones	59-66	regucalcin	Mus musculus	86-102
22214465-4	2012	Everolimus (RAD001) is an oral antineoplastic agent derived from rapamycin, a macrocyclic lactone antibiotic, targeting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).	Lactones	90-97	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	124-153
22193970-1	2012	Human paraoxonase 1 (huPON1) is a calcium-dependent esterase responsible for hydrolysis of a wide variety of substrates including organophosphates, esters, lactones, and paraoxon.	Lactones	156-164	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	6-19
22092086-7	2012	NBS bromination of 24 followed by lactone formation gave 26 in low yield.	Lactones	34-41	nibrin	Homo sapiens	0-3
22214465-4	2012	Everolimus (RAD001) is an oral antineoplastic agent derived from rapamycin, a macrocyclic lactone antibiotic, targeting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).	Lactones	90-97	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	155-159
21782943-0	2011	New steroidal lactones as 5alpha-reductase inhibitors and antagonists for the androgen receptor.	Lactones	14-22	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	78-95
22201994-7	2012	The NOS-2 was only present in endothelium-denuded aortic rings, as demonstrated by immunoblot with lactone treated rings.	Lactones	99-106	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
22201994-8	2012	In conclusion, rosuvastatin was associated with a relaxant effect dependent on both endothelium and HMG-CoA reductase in rat aorta, whereas the lactone exhibited an endothelium and HMG-CoA reductase-independent relaxant effect.	Lactones	144-151	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Rattus norvegicus	181-198
22201994-9	2012	Both nitric oxide produced by NOS-2 and K+ channels are involved in the relaxant effect of the lactone.	Lactones	95-102	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	30-35
22577559-3	2012	PON1 activity levels were measured for three substrates-organophosphate paraoxon, arylester phenyl acetate, and lactone dihydrocoumarin-in 767 Mexican American individuals from San Antonio, Texas.	Lactones	112-119	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
22577559-6	2012	These loci explain 7.8% of variation in PON1 activity with lactone as a substrate, 5.6% with the arylester, and 3.0% with paraoxon.	Lactones	59-66	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	40-44
22720028-1	2012	Withaferin A (WFA) is a steroidal lactone present in Withania somnifera which has been shown in vitro to bind to the intermediate filament protein, vimentin.	Lactones	34-41	vimentin	Homo sapiens	148-156
21932796-5	2011	These new resorcylic acid lactams exhibit metabolic stability greater than that of related lactone counterparts, while co-crystallization of three macrolactams with the N-terminal domain ATP site of Hsp90 confirms that they bind in a similar way to the natural product radicicol and to our previous synthetic lactone analogues.	Lactones	91-98	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	199-204
21932796-5	2011	These new resorcylic acid lactams exhibit metabolic stability greater than that of related lactone counterparts, while co-crystallization of three macrolactams with the N-terminal domain ATP site of Hsp90 confirms that they bind in a similar way to the natural product radicicol and to our previous synthetic lactone analogues.	Lactones	309-316	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	199-204
21903636-1	2011	Senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30) has been identified as the lactone-hydrolysing enzyme gluconolactonase (GNL), which is involved in vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid, AA) biosynthesis.	Lactones	64-71	regucalcin	Mus musculus	0-28
21903636-1	2011	Senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30) has been identified as the lactone-hydrolysing enzyme gluconolactonase (GNL), which is involved in vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid, AA) biosynthesis.	Lactones	64-71	regucalcin	Mus musculus	30-35
21903636-1	2011	Senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30) has been identified as the lactone-hydrolysing enzyme gluconolactonase (GNL), which is involved in vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid, AA) biosynthesis.	Lactones	64-71	regucalcin	Mus musculus	109-112
21893678-6	2011	In the planar structure of ox-LGD(2), H8 and H12 of LGD(2) were dehydrogenated and the C9 aldehyde was oxidized to a carboxylic acid, which formed a lactone ring with the hydrated ketone at C11.	Lactones	149-156	polymerase (RNA) III (DNA directed) polypeptide K	Mus musculus	190-193
21697097-1	2011	CYP24A1 is a mitochondrial cytochrome P450 (CYP) that catabolizes 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D(3)) to different products: calcitroic acid or 1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D(3)-26,23-lactone via multistep pathways commencing with C24 and C23 hydroxylation, respectively.	Lactones	192-199	cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
21782424-1	2011	A non-estrogenic inhibitor of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17beta-HSD1) was designed based on a modified 3-hydroxy-estra-1,3,5(10)-triene core having an additional five-member lactone ring and a benzamide group.	Lactones	191-198	RNA, U1 small nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	6-85
21732536-1	2011	A series of combretastatin A4 (CA4) analogues with a lactam or lactone ring fused to the trimethoxyphenyl or the B-phenyl moiety were synthesized in an efficient and stereoselective manner by using a domino Heck-Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction.	Lactones	63-70	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	31-34
21821808-9	2011	In addition, the inhibitory effect of the macrocyclic lactone ivermectin on the activity of wild-type bovine ABCG2 and the Y581S variant was also confirmed, showing a greater inhibitory potency on the wild-type protein at all the concentrations tested (5 muM, P = 0.017; 10 muM, P = 0.001; 25 muM, P = 0.008; and 50 muM, P = 0.003).	Lactones	54-61	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2	Bos taurus	109-114
20805097-7	2011	Simvastatin with an intact lactone ring also inhibited PAF-activities, while incubation of human mesangial cells with it also resulted in decreased de novo PAF-biosynthesis.	Lactones	27-34	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	55-58
21449602-1	2011	Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) was successfully used to promote synthesis of aliphatic poly(carbonate-co-ester) copolymers from dialkyl carbonate, diol, and lactone monomers.	Lactones	161-168	PAN0_003d1715	Moesziomyces antarcticus	19-25
21434694-2	2011	Solvatochromic dyes, highly sensitive to the presence or the absence of competitive ligands in their binding to the C1b domain of PKCdelta (deltaC1b), were combined with a known pharmacophoric moiety of 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) lactones, PKC ligands.	Lactones	228-236	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	130-138
21189330-4	2011	Subsequently, the lactone form was tested as a substrate in a panel of CYP450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes known to metabolize the majority of clinically approved molecules.	Lactones	18-25	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A complex locus	Homo sapiens	82-109
21189330-4	2011	Subsequently, the lactone form was tested as a substrate in a panel of CYP450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes known to metabolize the majority of clinically approved molecules.	Lactones	18-25	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A complex locus	Homo sapiens	111-114
21093416-2	2011	PON1 hydrolyzes several organophosphorus (OP) insecticides and nerve agents, a number of exogenous and endogenous lactones, and metabolizes toxic oxidized lipids of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and HDL.	Lactones	114-122	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
21198644-0	2011	Lactone form 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) stimulate the osteoblastic differentiation of mouse periodontal ligament cells via the ERK pathway.	Lactones	0-7	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	169-172
20715268-1	2010	Synthetic diacylglycerol-lactones (DAG-lactones) are effective modulators of critical cellular signaling pathways, downstream of the lipophilic second messenger diacylglycerol, that activate a host of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes and other nonkinase proteins that share similar C1 membrane-targeting domains with PKC.	Lactones	25-33	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	201-217
20715268-1	2010	Synthetic diacylglycerol-lactones (DAG-lactones) are effective modulators of critical cellular signaling pathways, downstream of the lipophilic second messenger diacylglycerol, that activate a host of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes and other nonkinase proteins that share similar C1 membrane-targeting domains with PKC.	Lactones	25-33	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	219-222
20715268-1	2010	Synthetic diacylglycerol-lactones (DAG-lactones) are effective modulators of critical cellular signaling pathways, downstream of the lipophilic second messenger diacylglycerol, that activate a host of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes and other nonkinase proteins that share similar C1 membrane-targeting domains with PKC.	Lactones	25-33	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	316-319
20715268-1	2010	Synthetic diacylglycerol-lactones (DAG-lactones) are effective modulators of critical cellular signaling pathways, downstream of the lipophilic second messenger diacylglycerol, that activate a host of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes and other nonkinase proteins that share similar C1 membrane-targeting domains with PKC.	Lactones	39-47	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	201-217
20715268-1	2010	Synthetic diacylglycerol-lactones (DAG-lactones) are effective modulators of critical cellular signaling pathways, downstream of the lipophilic second messenger diacylglycerol, that activate a host of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes and other nonkinase proteins that share similar C1 membrane-targeting domains with PKC.	Lactones	39-47	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	219-222
20715268-1	2010	Synthetic diacylglycerol-lactones (DAG-lactones) are effective modulators of critical cellular signaling pathways, downstream of the lipophilic second messenger diacylglycerol, that activate a host of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes and other nonkinase proteins that share similar C1 membrane-targeting domains with PKC.	Lactones	39-47	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	316-319
20715268-4	2010	Our results suggest that bilayer interface localization of the N-alkyl chain in the R(2) position of the DAG-lactones inhibits translocation of PKC isoenzymes onto the cellular membrane.	Lactones	109-117	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	144-147
20701395-2	2010	The syn-anti or syn-syn lactones (or any mixture of both) invariably isomerized into syn-anti/syn-syn lactones in a ratio of approximately 6/4.	Lactones	102-110	synemin	Homo sapiens	16-19
20701395-2	2010	The syn-anti or syn-syn lactones (or any mixture of both) invariably isomerized into syn-anti/syn-syn lactones in a ratio of approximately 6/4.	Lactones	102-110	synemin	Homo sapiens	16-19
20701395-2	2010	The syn-anti or syn-syn lactones (or any mixture of both) invariably isomerized into syn-anti/syn-syn lactones in a ratio of approximately 6/4.	Lactones	102-110	synemin	Homo sapiens	16-19
20701395-2	2010	The syn-anti or syn-syn lactones (or any mixture of both) invariably isomerized into syn-anti/syn-syn lactones in a ratio of approximately 6/4.	Lactones	102-110	synemin	Homo sapiens	16-19
20701395-2	2010	The syn-anti or syn-syn lactones (or any mixture of both) invariably isomerized into syn-anti/syn-syn lactones in a ratio of approximately 6/4.	Lactones	24-32	synemin	Homo sapiens	4-7
20701395-2	2010	The syn-anti or syn-syn lactones (or any mixture of both) invariably isomerized into syn-anti/syn-syn lactones in a ratio of approximately 6/4.	Lactones	24-32	synemin	Homo sapiens	16-19
20701395-2	2010	The syn-anti or syn-syn lactones (or any mixture of both) invariably isomerized into syn-anti/syn-syn lactones in a ratio of approximately 6/4.	Lactones	24-32	synemin	Homo sapiens	16-19
20701395-2	2010	The syn-anti or syn-syn lactones (or any mixture of both) invariably isomerized into syn-anti/syn-syn lactones in a ratio of approximately 6/4.	Lactones	24-32	synemin	Homo sapiens	16-19
20701395-2	2010	The syn-anti or syn-syn lactones (or any mixture of both) invariably isomerized into syn-anti/syn-syn lactones in a ratio of approximately 6/4.	Lactones	24-32	synemin	Homo sapiens	16-19
20701395-2	2010	The syn-anti or syn-syn lactones (or any mixture of both) invariably isomerized into syn-anti/syn-syn lactones in a ratio of approximately 6/4.	Lactones	24-32	synemin	Homo sapiens	16-19
20701395-2	2010	The syn-anti or syn-syn lactones (or any mixture of both) invariably isomerized into syn-anti/syn-syn lactones in a ratio of approximately 6/4.	Lactones	102-110	synemin	Homo sapiens	4-7
20701395-2	2010	The syn-anti or syn-syn lactones (or any mixture of both) invariably isomerized into syn-anti/syn-syn lactones in a ratio of approximately 6/4.	Lactones	102-110	synemin	Homo sapiens	16-19
20701395-4	2010	The crystal structures of syn-syn lactones have been determined.	Lactones	34-42	synemin	Homo sapiens	26-29
20701395-4	2010	The crystal structures of syn-syn lactones have been determined.	Lactones	34-42	synemin	Homo sapiens	30-33
19769945-1	2010	The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and the mechanism of Hsp90 inhibition of Withaferin A (WA), a steroidal lactone occurring in Withania somnifera, in pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo.	Lactones	129-136	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	78-83
19945920-4	2010	PON1 displays two distinct catalytic behaviors, one against esters and lactones, the other against organophosphorus compounds; its functional states and catalytic activities against these substrates are differently modulated by the molecular environment; PON1 exists under several active multimeric forms; the binding of HPBP amends the size of the oligomeric states and exerts a stabilizing effect on the activities of PON1; PON1 functional properties are modulated by HPBP, calcium and phosphate.	Lactones	71-79	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
19945920-4	2010	PON1 displays two distinct catalytic behaviors, one against esters and lactones, the other against organophosphorus compounds; its functional states and catalytic activities against these substrates are differently modulated by the molecular environment; PON1 exists under several active multimeric forms; the binding of HPBP amends the size of the oligomeric states and exerts a stabilizing effect on the activities of PON1; PON1 functional properties are modulated by HPBP, calcium and phosphate.	Lactones	71-79	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	255-259
19945920-4	2010	PON1 displays two distinct catalytic behaviors, one against esters and lactones, the other against organophosphorus compounds; its functional states and catalytic activities against these substrates are differently modulated by the molecular environment; PON1 exists under several active multimeric forms; the binding of HPBP amends the size of the oligomeric states and exerts a stabilizing effect on the activities of PON1; PON1 functional properties are modulated by HPBP, calcium and phosphate.	Lactones	71-79	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	255-259
19945920-4	2010	PON1 displays two distinct catalytic behaviors, one against esters and lactones, the other against organophosphorus compounds; its functional states and catalytic activities against these substrates are differently modulated by the molecular environment; PON1 exists under several active multimeric forms; the binding of HPBP amends the size of the oligomeric states and exerts a stabilizing effect on the activities of PON1; PON1 functional properties are modulated by HPBP, calcium and phosphate.	Lactones	71-79	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	255-259
20089736-0	2010	Role of P-glycoprotein in the disposition of macrocyclic lactones: A comparison between ivermectin, eprinomectin, and moxidectin in mice.	Lactones	57-65	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	8-22
20089736-1	2010	Macrocyclic lactones (MLs) are lipophilic anthelmintics and substrates for P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP-binding cassette transporter involved in drug efflux out of both host and parasites.	Lactones	12-20	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	75-89
20089736-1	2010	Macrocyclic lactones (MLs) are lipophilic anthelmintics and substrates for P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP-binding cassette transporter involved in drug efflux out of both host and parasites.	Lactones	12-20	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	91-95
20047821-9	2010	Also, the CS-g-PCL nanomicelles effectively protected the active lactone ring of SN-38 from hydrolysis under physiological condition, due to the encapsulation of SN-38 into the hydrophobic cores in the nanomicelles.	Lactones	65-72	polycystic kidney disease 2-like 1	Mus musculus	15-18
19945196-5	2010	In this study was found that the anti-quorum sensing activity of the AHLs molecular analogs appears to depend on; the structure of the lactone ring and on appropriate combination of absolute and relative stereochemistry of the carbonyl (C=O) and amide (NH(2)) groups of the side chain of these AHLs molecular analogs, in combination with the interactions with the conserved amino acids (D73, W60, Y56, S129 to LasR and D70, W57, Y53 to TraR) of the LuxR type protein family.	Lactones	135-142	transcriptional regulator TraR	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	436-440
19913079-9	2010	Of the VIOXX-related lactone derivatives, CRI-7 could prove useful in the prevention of hormone-dependent cancers, such as breast cancer, since in vitro it shows low cytotoxicity, it is a potent inhibitor of CYP17 activity and strong inducer of cell cycle arrest.	Lactones	21-28	cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	208-213
19934374-2	2010	We recently identified SMP30 as the lactone-hydrolyzing enzyme gluconolactonase (GNL), which is involved in vitamin C biosynthesis in animal species.	Lactones	36-43	regucalcin	Mus musculus	23-28
19934374-2	2010	We recently identified SMP30 as the lactone-hydrolyzing enzyme gluconolactonase (GNL), which is involved in vitamin C biosynthesis in animal species.	Lactones	36-43	regucalcin	Mus musculus	63-79
19934374-2	2010	We recently identified SMP30 as the lactone-hydrolyzing enzyme gluconolactonase (GNL), which is involved in vitamin C biosynthesis in animal species.	Lactones	36-43	regucalcin	Mus musculus	81-84
19941835-2	2010	We investigated GluR5 expression in resected brain tissues from humans with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and from a macaque model of Coriaria lactone-induced TLE.	Lactones	142-149	glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	16-21
19751053-1	2009	Inter- and intramolecular additions of alkyl radicals, generated by SET photochemical decarboxylation reactions of free carboxylic acids, to electron-deficient alkenes take place under mild conditions as part of efficient routes for the formation of N-Boc gamma-amino acids and macrocyclic lactones.	Lactones	290-298	BOC cell adhesion associated, oncogene regulated	Homo sapiens	252-255
19961537-1	2010	Synthetic diacylglycerol lactones (DAG lactones) are effective modulators of critical cellular signaling pathways downstream of the lipophilic second messenger diacylglycerol that activate a host of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes as well as other non-kinase proteins that share with PKC similar C1 membrane-targeting domains.	Lactones	25-33	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	199-215
19961537-1	2010	Synthetic diacylglycerol lactones (DAG lactones) are effective modulators of critical cellular signaling pathways downstream of the lipophilic second messenger diacylglycerol that activate a host of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes as well as other non-kinase proteins that share with PKC similar C1 membrane-targeting domains.	Lactones	25-33	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	217-220
19961537-1	2010	Synthetic diacylglycerol lactones (DAG lactones) are effective modulators of critical cellular signaling pathways downstream of the lipophilic second messenger diacylglycerol that activate a host of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes as well as other non-kinase proteins that share with PKC similar C1 membrane-targeting domains.	Lactones	25-33	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	284-287
19961537-6	2010	These membrane-insertion properties could explain the different patterns of the PKC translocation from the cytosol to membranes that is induced by the molecular-rod DAG lactones.	Lactones	169-177	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	80-83
20221874-5	2010	Modeling studies may characterize PON1"s possible active site, and help envisage the structure of potential endogenous and exogenous lactones as PON1 ligands.	Lactones	133-141	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	34-38
20221874-5	2010	Modeling studies may characterize PON1"s possible active site, and help envisage the structure of potential endogenous and exogenous lactones as PON1 ligands.	Lactones	133-141	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	145-149
19794410-5	2010	Surprisingly, lactone formation was significantly higher in carriers of UGT1A1*28, an allele that is associated with lower UGT1A1 expression.	Lactones	14-21	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	72-78
19794410-5	2010	Surprisingly, lactone formation was significantly higher in carriers of UGT1A1*28, an allele that is associated with lower UGT1A1 expression.	Lactones	14-21	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	123-129
20046061-2	2010	Recently, we identified SMP30 as the lactone-hydrolyzing enzyme gluconolactonases (GNL) of animal species.	Lactones	37-44	regucalcin	Mus musculus	24-29
19764813-1	2009	Human serum paraoxonase-1 (HuPON1) has the capacity to hydrolyze aryl esters, lactones, oxidized phospholipids, and organophosphorus (OP) compounds.	Lactones	78-86	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	12-25
19616461-6	2009	While, all the other inhibitors, at least one of whose ortho-sites of 3- and 6-hydroxyls are substituted by Br substituent which take much electron-withdrawing effect and steric hindrance, bind with hALR2 through the lactone group.	Lactones	217-224	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B	Homo sapiens	199-204
19592665-6	2009	Notably, a derivative of fostriecin lacking the entire lactone subunit demonstrated marked potency and selectivity for PP2A, while having substantially reduced and similar activity against PP1 and PP1/PP2A- PP5/PP2A-chimeras that have greatly increased sensitivity to both fostriecin and cytostatin.	Lactones	55-62	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	119-123
19702252-1	2009	Trigochilides A (1) and B (2), two highly modified daphnane-type diterpenoids with 12-carbon-containing polyketide appendages at C-16 forming a macro-lactone with C-3, were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Trigonostemon chinensis.	Lactones	150-157	complement C3	Homo sapiens	163-166
19567673-8	2009	Preferential active transport of topotecan lactone over topotecan carboxylate was shown in vivo by vCSF lactone-to-carboxylate area under the curve ratios for wild-type, Mdr1a/b(-/-), Bcrp1(-/-), and Mdr1a/b(-/-)Bcrp1(-/-) mice of 5.69 +/- 0.83, 3.85 +/- 0.64, 3.61 +/- 0.46, and 0.78 +/- 0.19, respectively.	Lactones	43-50	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1A	Mus musculus	170-175
19567673-8	2009	Preferential active transport of topotecan lactone over topotecan carboxylate was shown in vivo by vCSF lactone-to-carboxylate area under the curve ratios for wild-type, Mdr1a/b(-/-), Bcrp1(-/-), and Mdr1a/b(-/-)Bcrp1(-/-) mice of 5.69 +/- 0.83, 3.85 +/- 0.64, 3.61 +/- 0.46, and 0.78 +/- 0.19, respectively.	Lactones	43-50	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Mus musculus	184-189
19567673-8	2009	Preferential active transport of topotecan lactone over topotecan carboxylate was shown in vivo by vCSF lactone-to-carboxylate area under the curve ratios for wild-type, Mdr1a/b(-/-), Bcrp1(-/-), and Mdr1a/b(-/-)Bcrp1(-/-) mice of 5.69 +/- 0.83, 3.85 +/- 0.64, 3.61 +/- 0.46, and 0.78 +/- 0.19, respectively.	Lactones	43-50	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1A	Mus musculus	200-205
19567673-8	2009	Preferential active transport of topotecan lactone over topotecan carboxylate was shown in vivo by vCSF lactone-to-carboxylate area under the curve ratios for wild-type, Mdr1a/b(-/-), Bcrp1(-/-), and Mdr1a/b(-/-)Bcrp1(-/-) mice of 5.69 +/- 0.83, 3.85 +/- 0.64, 3.61 +/- 0.46, and 0.78 +/- 0.19, respectively.	Lactones	43-50	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Mus musculus	212-217
19357816-0	2009	RNAi inhibits Coriaria lactone-induced MDR1b overexpression in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells.	Lactones	23-30	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	39-44
19549355-1	2009	P-glycoprotein (P-gp) homologues, belonging to the ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter family, are thought to play an important role in the resistance of gastro-intestinal nematode parasites against macrocyclic lactones.	Lactones	214-222	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	16-20
19429419-0	2009	Effects of acid and lactone forms of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors on the induction of MDR1 expression and function in LS180 cells.	Lactones	20-27	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Homo sapiens	37-84
19406749-6	2009	Expression of a phosphorylation-resistant mutant (S165N-alpha6-tubulin) resulted in suppression of MCF-10A cell motility stimulated either by expression of PKCalpha or by treatment with PKCalpha-selective activator diacylglycerol-lactone.	Lactones	230-237	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	186-194
19429419-0	2009	Effects of acid and lactone forms of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors on the induction of MDR1 expression and function in LS180 cells.	Lactones	20-27	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	116-120
19429419-1	2009	In the present study, the ability of inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), also known as statins, to regulate the gene expression and function of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1/P-glycoprotein) and differences between their acid and lactone forms were examined in human intestinal epithelial LS180 cells.	Lactones	271-278	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Homo sapiens	51-98
19429419-1	2009	In the present study, the ability of inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), also known as statins, to regulate the gene expression and function of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1/P-glycoprotein) and differences between their acid and lactone forms were examined in human intestinal epithelial LS180 cells.	Lactones	271-278	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Homo sapiens	100-105
19429419-1	2009	In the present study, the ability of inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), also known as statins, to regulate the gene expression and function of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1/P-glycoprotein) and differences between their acid and lactone forms were examined in human intestinal epithelial LS180 cells.	Lactones	271-278	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	179-209
19429419-1	2009	In the present study, the ability of inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), also known as statins, to regulate the gene expression and function of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1/P-glycoprotein) and differences between their acid and lactone forms were examined in human intestinal epithelial LS180 cells.	Lactones	271-278	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	211-215
19429419-1	2009	In the present study, the ability of inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), also known as statins, to regulate the gene expression and function of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1/P-glycoprotein) and differences between their acid and lactone forms were examined in human intestinal epithelial LS180 cells.	Lactones	271-278	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	216-230
19022679-3	2009	The lactone ring size was found to be critical, as C21 to C19 translactonisation to afford 20-membered isodictyostatin analogues led to a significant loss of cytotoxicity.	Lactones	4-11	TBL1X/Y related 1	Homo sapiens	51-54
19518729-3	2009	The etching is activated by a second step of additional O2 adsorption at the ether groups, forming larger O groups, such as lactone (C-O-C=O) and anhydride (O=C-O-C=O), that may desorb as CO2 just above room temperature.	Lactones	124-131	DAN domain BMP antagonist family member 5	Homo sapiens	133-140
19887335-2	2009	CPT has lactone ring instability and lacks lipophilicity resulting in drug efflux.	Lactones	8-15	choline phosphotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
19152588-2	2009	Altered expression or function of P-gp, as seen in dogs of the collie lineage homozygous for the nt228(del4) mutation of the ABCB1 gene (ABCB1-1Delta), can result in potentially fatal neurotoxicosis, especially following administration of systemic macrocyclic lactones (SML).	Lactones	260-268	PGP	Canis lupus familiaris	34-38
19152588-2	2009	Altered expression or function of P-gp, as seen in dogs of the collie lineage homozygous for the nt228(del4) mutation of the ABCB1 gene (ABCB1-1Delta), can result in potentially fatal neurotoxicosis, especially following administration of systemic macrocyclic lactones (SML).	Lactones	260-268	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Canis lupus familiaris	125-130
19152588-2	2009	Altered expression or function of P-gp, as seen in dogs of the collie lineage homozygous for the nt228(del4) mutation of the ABCB1 gene (ABCB1-1Delta), can result in potentially fatal neurotoxicosis, especially following administration of systemic macrocyclic lactones (SML).	Lactones	260-268	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Canis lupus familiaris	137-142
18971955-3	2009	PON1 activity in serum samples from 922 participants in the San Antonio Family Heart Study was assayed using a reliable microplate format with three substrates: paraoxon, phenyl acetate and the lactone dihydrocoumarin.	Lactones	194-201	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
19287806-6	2009	Two main classes of AHL-inactivating enzymes were identified: AHL lactonases which hydrolyse the lactone ring in AHLs, and AHL acylases (syn.	Lactones	97-104	synemin	Homo sapiens	137-140
18939863-0	2008	Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of aliphatic polyesters via copolymerization of lactone, dialkyl diester, and diol.	Lactones	75-82	PAN0_003d1715	Moesziomyces antarcticus	0-6
18922637-5	2008	Many drugs used in veterinary medicine are substrates for P-gp, including many chemotherapeutic agents and macrocyclic lactones (avermectins and milbemycin).	Lactones	119-127	PGP	Canis lupus familiaris	58-62
18922637-7	2008	The mutation (ABCB1-1Delta) renders affected animals extremely susceptible to toxicosis induced by substrate drugs, such as the macrocyclic lactones at doses well below those tolerated by dogs with the wild-type ABCB1 gene.	Lactones	140-148	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Canis lupus familiaris	14-19
18939863-1	2008	Candida antarctica lipase (CALB) has been successfully used as catalyst for copolymerization of dialkyl diester with diol and lactone to form aliphatic polyesters.	Lactones	126-133	PAN0_003d1715	Moesziomyces antarcticus	19-25
18300302-1	2008	The intrinsic solubility of the CPT-lactone free base in acidic pH was determined to be 3.44 and 5.11 microM at 22 and 37 degrees C, respectively.	Lactones	36-43	choline phosphotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	32-35
19109745-1	2008	OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: To investigate whether ivermectin, a semi-synthetic derivative of a family of macrocyclic lactones could inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in vivo and in vitro.	Lactones	112-120	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	155-158
19238649-0	2008	ABCB1 haplotypes differentially affect the pharmacokinetics of the acid and lactone forms of simvastatin and atorvastatin.	Lactones	76-83	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
19238649-3	2008	The simvastatin acid AUC(0-12h) was 60% larger, the atorvastatin AUC(0-infinity) 55% larger, and the atorvastatin half-life 24% longer in subjects with the ABCB1 TTT/TTT genotype (n = 12) than in those with the CGC/CGC genotype (n = 12) (P < 0.05), but there were no differences between the two genotypes with respect to the pharmacokinetics of the lactones of these drugs.	Lactones	352-360	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	156-161
18300302-4	2008	The logarithmic value of the intrinsic partition coefficient P of the free base CPT-lactone form was estimated to be 1.65, characteristic of a molecule suitable for absorption.	Lactones	84-91	choline phosphotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	80-83
18300302-6	2008	The results indicate that at highly acidic media, CPT is positively charged and exists at its stable lactone form of increased solubility and capacity to bind to negatively charged membranes.	Lactones	101-108	choline phosphotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	50-53
18639541-0	2008	Effects of lactone derivatives on aromatase (CYP19) activity in H295R human adrenocortical and (anti)androgenicity in transfected LNCaP human prostate cancer cells.	Lactones	11-18	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	45-50
18639541-12	2008	These lactones also induced pII promoter-specific CYP19 transcripts.	Lactones	6-14	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
18711144-1	2008	The high-density lipoprotein-associated enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) hydrolyzes lactones, aromatic esters, and neurotoxic organophosphorus (OP) compounds, including insecticide metabolites and nerve agents.	Lactones	79-87	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	47-60
18707088-4	2008	Some of the DAG-lactones obtained show selective binding to RasGRP3 as compared to PKCalpha by more than 2 orders of magnitude and possess subnanomolar affinities.	Lactones	16-24	RAS guanyl releasing protein 3	Homo sapiens	60-67
18707088-4	2008	Some of the DAG-lactones obtained show selective binding to RasGRP3 as compared to PKCalpha by more than 2 orders of magnitude and possess subnanomolar affinities.	Lactones	16-24	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	83-91
18698758-2	2008	Cells sort diacylglycerol-lactone chemical zip codes to produce diverse and selective biological activities.	Lactones	26-33	death associated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	43-46
18711144-1	2008	The high-density lipoprotein-associated enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) hydrolyzes lactones, aromatic esters, and neurotoxic organophosphorus (OP) compounds, including insecticide metabolites and nerve agents.	Lactones	79-87	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	62-66
18514030-0	2008	ABC transporter modulation: a strategy to enhance the activity of macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics.	Lactones	78-85	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-15
18572410-3	2008	PON1 hydrolyzes organophosphates, arylesters and lactones, whereas the lactones activity is assumed as the physio/pathological one.	Lactones	49-57	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
18572410-5	2008	Based on such calculations the ligands-PON1 interactions were characterized, and relating lactones rate of hydrolysis revealed an inverse correlation with the docking energy of the ligands-PON1 complex, and a direct correlation with the lactone side chain length.	Lactones	90-98	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	189-193
18572410-5	2008	Based on such calculations the ligands-PON1 interactions were characterized, and relating lactones rate of hydrolysis revealed an inverse correlation with the docking energy of the ligands-PON1 complex, and a direct correlation with the lactone side chain length.	Lactones	90-97	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	189-193
18572410-6	2008	In conclusion, this study characterized the PON1 possible active site and proposes a tool which may make it possible to envisage the structure of potential endogenous and exogenous lactones such as the PON1 ligand.	Lactones	181-189	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	44-48
18572410-6	2008	In conclusion, this study characterized the PON1 possible active site and proposes a tool which may make it possible to envisage the structure of potential endogenous and exogenous lactones such as the PON1 ligand.	Lactones	181-189	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	202-206
18794787-6	2008	These derived models may help us to gain a deeper understanding of the binding interaction of these lactone-based compounds and aid in the design of new potent compounds against CETP.	Lactones	100-107	cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens	178-182
18201740-0	2008	Aromatase inhibition by synthetic lactones and flavonoids in human placental microsomes and breast fibroblasts--a comparative study.	Lactones	34-42	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	0-9
18653993-1	2008	In a screening program for new metabolites from fungi inhibiting the IL-4 mediated signal transduction, a novel chlorinated macrocyclic lactone, designated as oxacyclododecindione, was isolated from fermentations of the imperfect fungus Exserohilum rostratum.	Lactones	136-143	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	69-73
18038967-5	2007	Our results suggest that the six-membered lactone pharmacophore is critical for CB2 receptor selectivity.	Lactones	42-49	cannabinoid receptor 2	Homo sapiens	80-83
19082953-1	2008	Mammalian paraoxonases (PON1, PON2, PON3) are a unique family of calcium-dependent hydrolases, with enzymatic activities toward a broad range of substrates (lactones, thiolactones, carbonates, esters, phosphotriesters).	Lactones	157-165	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
19082953-1	2008	Mammalian paraoxonases (PON1, PON2, PON3) are a unique family of calcium-dependent hydrolases, with enzymatic activities toward a broad range of substrates (lactones, thiolactones, carbonates, esters, phosphotriesters).	Lactones	157-165	paraoxonase 2	Homo sapiens	30-34
19082953-1	2008	Mammalian paraoxonases (PON1, PON2, PON3) are a unique family of calcium-dependent hydrolases, with enzymatic activities toward a broad range of substrates (lactones, thiolactones, carbonates, esters, phosphotriesters).	Lactones	157-165	paraoxonase 3	Homo sapiens	36-40
18390207-0	2008	[Coriaria lactone induces in vitro the overexpression of multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein in astrocyte from rat brain].	Lactones	10-17	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	78-92
18237814-4	2008	Kinetic experiments indicated that in PBS, the rate constants of lactone hydrolysis and carboxylate lactonization were 3.10 (+/-0.33)x10(-3) min(-1) and 1.36 (+/-0.04)x10(-3) min(-1), respectively.	Lactones	65-72	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	141-147
18237814-4	2008	Kinetic experiments indicated that in PBS, the rate constants of lactone hydrolysis and carboxylate lactonization were 3.10 (+/-0.33)x10(-3) min(-1) and 1.36 (+/-0.04)x10(-3) min(-1), respectively.	Lactones	65-72	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	175-181
18239312-5	2008	This shows that both the hydroxy substitution and orientation of unsaturated lactone group in the five-membered ring of C-13 to C-16 seem to play an important role in the anti-tumor activities of human lung adenocarcinoma and leukemia.	Lactones	77-84	homeobox C13	Homo sapiens	120-124
18473812-7	2008	The macrocyclic lactone bryostatin-1 is a promising agent that acts as a modulator of PKC activity, and enhances the effect of chemotherapeutic agents such as paclitaxel.	Lactones	16-23	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	86-89
17886242-7	2007	Aox activity was correlated with acidification of the medium by cells and with cellular growth but not with lactone production, although Aox activity on short chains was inversely correlated with lactone accumulation.	Lactones	196-203	acyl-CoA oxidase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	137-140
18089707-4	2007	Prodrug 1 is a good substrate for purified NQO1 (V(max) and K(m) values of 11.86 +/- 3.09 micromol/min/mg and 2.70 +/- 1.14 micromol/L, respectively) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the metabolites generated showed that lactone 3 and aniline mustard 4 were generated in a time- and NQO1-dependent manner.	Lactones	244-251	NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	43-47
17591763-3	2007	Diacylglycerol (DAG) lactones have provided a powerful platform for structural exploration of the interactions between ligands and the C1 domains of protein kinase C (PKC).	Lactones	21-29	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	167-170
17640956-0	2007	P-glycoprotein has differential effects on the disposition of statin acid and lactone forms in mdr1a/b knockout and wild-type mice.	Lactones	78-85	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1A	Mus musculus	95-100
17482779-0	2007	Preparation, characterization and biodistribution of the lactone form of 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT)-loaded bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles.	Lactones	57-64	albumin	Rattus norvegicus	117-130
17646648-0	2007	Single A326G mutation converts human CYP24A1 from 25-OH-D3-24-hydroxylase into -23-hydroxylase, generating 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3-26,23-lactone.	Lactones	131-138	cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	37-44
17646648-1	2007	Studies of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3)-24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) have demonstrated that it is a bifunctional enzyme capable of the 24-hydroxylation of 1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D(3), leading to the excretory form, calcitroic acid, and 23-hydroxylation, culminating in 1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D(3)-26,23-lactone.	Lactones	281-288	cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	50-57
17325131-0	2007	Vitamin D3 derivatives with adamantane or lactone ring side chains are cell type-selective vitamin D receptor modulators.	Lactones	42-49	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	91-109
17896945-4	2007	A serious limitation to the clinical application of CPT is the strong affinity of its carboxylate form to human serum albumin (HSA) which destabilizes its active lactone form.	Lactones	162-169	albumin	Homo sapiens	127-130
17499014-7	2007	Moreover, the treatment with this lactone caused dose-dependent glutathione depletion, generating pro-oxidant status which facilitates oxidative DNA damage, particularly DNA breaks repaired by the recombinational system ruled by RAD52 in yeast.	Lactones	34-41	recombinase RAD52	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	229-234
17391667-0	2007	The alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone moiety in dehydrocostus lactone is responsible for cytoprotective heme oxygenase-1 expression through activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 in HepG2 cells.	Lactones	32-39	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	106-122
17391667-9	2007	In addition, dehydrocostus lactone caused the nuclear accumulation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and increased the promoter activity of antioxidant response element (ARE).	Lactones	27-34	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	110-114
17391667-10	2007	Using Nrf2 siRNA, Nrf2 activation was confirmed to contribute to cytoprotective HO-1 expression by dehydrocostus lactone or CH2-BL.	Lactones	113-120	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	6-10
17391667-10	2007	Using Nrf2 siRNA, Nrf2 activation was confirmed to contribute to cytoprotective HO-1 expression by dehydrocostus lactone or CH2-BL.	Lactones	113-120	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	18-22
17391667-11	2007	Collectively, our findings suggest that CH2-BL moiety in dehydrocostus lactone increases cellular resistance to oxidant injury in HepG2 cells, presumably through Nrf2/ARE-dependent HO-1 expression.	Lactones	71-78	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	162-166
16983566-2	2007	Camptothecins exist in a pH dependent equilibrium between active lactone and inactive carboxy forms that can be altered by binding to human serum albumin (HSA).	Lactones	65-72	albumin	Homo sapiens	140-153
17228871-4	2007	Lactones with a pentyl or hexyl substituent at C-11 are the most active ones.	Lactones	0-8	RNA polymerase III subunit K	Homo sapiens	47-51
17284021-2	2007	Modulation of membrane translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes alpha and delta by diacylglycerol lactones (DAG-lactones) containing rigid-rod acyl groups.	Lactones	106-114	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	58-61
17846564-3	2007	Detailed chemical evaluation of these distillates using GC/MS revealed the major components in the bark and the heartwood oils to be the C-10 (5,6-dihydro-6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one) and C-12 (5,6-dihydro-6-heptyl-2H-pyran-2-one) massoia lactones, while the major fruit oil constituent was benzyl benzoate (68.3 %).	Lactones	235-243	chromosome 12 open reading frame 57	Homo sapiens	137-141
17495468-10	2007	CONCLUSION: Our findings point out that (i) the actin cytoskeleton is a common target for PTX-11, PTX-2 and PTX-1, but not for PTX-2SA, and (ii) this difference in activity is related to the presence or absence of an intact lactone ring in their structures.	Lactones	224-231	paired like homeodomain 2	Homo sapiens	98-103
17495468-10	2007	CONCLUSION: Our findings point out that (i) the actin cytoskeleton is a common target for PTX-11, PTX-2 and PTX-1, but not for PTX-2SA, and (ii) this difference in activity is related to the presence or absence of an intact lactone ring in their structures.	Lactones	224-231	paired like homeodomain 1	Homo sapiens	90-95
17134887-0	2007	Interaction of macrocyclic lactones with P-glycoprotein: structure-affinity relationship.	Lactones	27-35	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	41-55
21783735-8	2007	Among the nine major human CYPs, CYP3A4 was the only one responsible for metalaxyl hydroxylation, while CYP2B6 was the major isoform responsible for (di)demethylation and lactone formation.	Lactones	171-178	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	104-110
17134887-1	2007	P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is involved in the ATP-dependant cellular efflux of a large number of drugs including ivermectin, a macrocyclic lactone (ML) endectocide, widely used in livestock and human antiparasitic therapy.	Lactones	134-141	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	0-14
17134887-1	2007	P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is involved in the ATP-dependant cellular efflux of a large number of drugs including ivermectin, a macrocyclic lactone (ML) endectocide, widely used in livestock and human antiparasitic therapy.	Lactones	134-141	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	16-20
17134887-9	2007	According to the structural specificity of SEL and MOX, we conclude that the integrity of the sugar moiety is determinant to achieve the optimal interaction of macrocyclic lactones with P-gp.	Lactones	172-180	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	186-190
17054086-7	2006	We used this principle and the results of hydrolysis with neuraminidase to identify hexamer lactone isomers separated by HPCE.	Lactones	92-99	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	58-71
18072135-10	2006	Eight hundred ninety-seven patients (97%) ingested a CAS with a 5-membered lactone ring, and mortality was 6% (n = 54).	Lactones	75-82	BCAR1 scaffold protein, Cas family member	Homo sapiens	53-56
18072135-11	2006	Twenty-seven patients (2.9%) ingested a CAS with a 6-membered lactone ring, and mortality was 29.6% (n = 8).	Lactones	62-69	BCAR1 scaffold protein, Cas family member	Homo sapiens	40-43
17114002-4	2006	This was confirmed by cocrystallization of 13-, 14-, and 15-membered lactones with the N-terminal domain of yeast Hsp90, showing that they bind similarly to the "natural" 14-membered radicicol.	Lactones	69-77	Hsp90 family chaperone HSP82	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	114-119
17151475-2	2006	(-)-Matairesinol (Mat 1) showed greatest cytotoxic activity (LC(50)=9 microg/ml) of the lactone-type lignans.	Lactones	88-95	matrilin 1, cartilage matrix protein	Mus musculus	18-23
17048510-5	2006	The purpose of this study was to develop a novel method of preparing CPT-SSM based on its pH dependent, reversible carboxylate-lactone conversion chemistry.	Lactones	127-134	choline phosphotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	69-76
16824760-0	2006	Himbacine derived thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonists: structure-activity relationship of the lactone ring.	Lactones	96-103	coagulation factor II thrombin receptor	Homo sapiens	37-42
16824760-1	2006	The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the lactone ring of himbacine derived thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonists (e.g., 2-5) is described.	Lactones	49-56	coagulation factor II thrombin receptor	Homo sapiens	102-107
16824760-2	2006	The effect of the lactone carbonyl group on binding to PAR-1 is dependent on the substitution pattern of the pyridine ring.	Lactones	18-25	coagulation factor II thrombin receptor	Homo sapiens	55-60
17048510-6	2006	CPT carboxylate was added to SSM at pH 5 that favored the formation of active but hydrophobic CPT lactone for spontaneous association with SSM.	Lactones	98-105	choline phosphotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
17048510-6	2006	CPT carboxylate was added to SSM at pH 5 that favored the formation of active but hydrophobic CPT lactone for spontaneous association with SSM.	Lactones	98-105	choline phosphotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	94-97
17048510-8	2006	CPT converted gradually from the carboxylate form to lactone, and CPT-SSM were formed after 12 h incubation.	Lactones	53-60	choline phosphotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
16331452-1	2006	Human serum paraoxonase 1 (hPON1) belongs to a family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of a broad range of esters and lactones.	Lactones	125-133	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	27-32
16872551-1	2006	Ivermectin (IVM), a macrocyclic lactone used as antiparasite agent, has been reported as a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate.	Lactones	32-39	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	91-105
16872551-1	2006	Ivermectin (IVM), a macrocyclic lactone used as antiparasite agent, has been reported as a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate.	Lactones	32-39	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	107-111
16585534-3	2006	Then, through a biochemical study, we identify SMP30 as the lactone-hydrolyzing enzyme GNL of animal species.	Lactones	60-67	regucalcin	Mus musculus	47-52
16816472-7	2006	In addition to the C-24 oxidation pathway, human CYP24A1 catalyzed also C-23 oxidation pathway to produce 1alpha, 25 (OH) (2)D(3)-26, 23-lactone.	Lactones	137-144	cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	49-56
16495058-2	2006	Compound 1 possesses a novel structure with a bond cleavage between C-10 and C-11, and having a 14-membered lactone ring junction between C-10 and C-12.	Lactones	108-115	chromosome 12 open reading frame 57	Homo sapiens	138-142
16595195-1	2006	Human plasma paraoxonase (PON1) is calcium-dependent enzyme that hydrolyses esters, including organophosphates and lactones, and exhibits anti-atherogenic properties.	Lactones	115-123	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	26-30
16205924-2	2006	In biological matrices, camptothecin analogues exist in equilibrium between the active-lactone (LAC) and inactive-hydroxy acid (HA) forms.	Lactones	87-94	lactase	Homo sapiens	96-99
16388406-0	2006	Effects of acid and lactone forms of eight HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on CYP-mediated metabolism and MDR1-mediated transport.	Lactones	20-27	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	103-107
16376075-1	2006	Starting from a potent pantolactone ketoamide cathepsin K inhibitor discovered from structural screening, conversion of the lactone scaffold to a pyrrolidine scaffold allowed exploration of the S(3) subsite of cathepsin K.	Lactones	28-35	cathepsin K	Homo sapiens	46-57
16492035-6	2006	25 degrees C), triene 2, via its lactone ring-opened congener, underwent very fast (t1/2 = 10 min) conversion to the ring-opened forms of 1 (i.e., 5a) and the tetraepimeric, alternative endo-adduct, 3 [i.e., (tetraepi)-5a].	Lactones	33-40	interleukin 1 receptor like 1	Homo sapiens	84-97
16388406-8	2006	MDR1-mediated transport of [3H]digoxin was inhibited only by lactone forms, and the rank order correlated with that of inhibitory effects on both CYP3A4/5 activities.	Lactones	61-68	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
16384552-1	2006	Ivermectin is a potent antiparasitic drug from macrocyclic lactone (ML) family, which interacts with the ABC multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp).	Lactones	59-66	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	131-145
16384552-1	2006	Ivermectin is a potent antiparasitic drug from macrocyclic lactone (ML) family, which interacts with the ABC multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp).	Lactones	59-66	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	147-150
16850735-0	2006	Effect of coriaria lactone-activated astrocyte-conditioned medium on the cerebral TNF-alpha of normal rats.	Lactones	19-26	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	82-91
16424040-10	2006	Collectively, our data suggest that FTI and GGTI and other agents containing an active lactone moiety mediate G(1) arrest via inhibition of the proteasome and up-regulation of p21, independent of the inhibition of isoprenylation of Ras or RAP-1.	Lactones	87-94	protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I subunit beta	Homo sapiens	44-48
16424040-10	2006	Collectively, our data suggest that FTI and GGTI and other agents containing an active lactone moiety mediate G(1) arrest via inhibition of the proteasome and up-regulation of p21, independent of the inhibition of isoprenylation of Ras or RAP-1.	Lactones	87-94	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	176-179
16424040-10	2006	Collectively, our data suggest that FTI and GGTI and other agents containing an active lactone moiety mediate G(1) arrest via inhibition of the proteasome and up-regulation of p21, independent of the inhibition of isoprenylation of Ras or RAP-1.	Lactones	87-94	RAP1A, member of RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	239-244
16467946-0	2006	Formation of lactones from sialylated MUC1 glycopeptides.	Lactones	13-21	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	38-42
16132345-10	2005	Overall, overexpression of MRP4 increased the IC50 values 1.78- to 14.21-fold for various CPTs in lactone or carboxylate form.	Lactones	98-105	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
16128586-11	2005	Overall, the results indicate the high stability, selectivity, and catalytic proficiency of PON1 when anchored onto apoA-I HDL, toward lactone substrates, and lipophilic lactones in particular.	Lactones	135-142	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	92-96
16128586-11	2005	Overall, the results indicate the high stability, selectivity, and catalytic proficiency of PON1 when anchored onto apoA-I HDL, toward lactone substrates, and lipophilic lactones in particular.	Lactones	135-142	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	116-122
16128586-11	2005	Overall, the results indicate the high stability, selectivity, and catalytic proficiency of PON1 when anchored onto apoA-I HDL, toward lactone substrates, and lipophilic lactones in particular.	Lactones	170-178	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	92-96
15835926-5	2005	To elucidate the substrate preference and other details of PON1 mechanism of catalysis, structure-activity studies were performed with three groups of substrates that are known to be hydrolyzed by PON1: phosphotriesters, esters, and lactones.	Lactones	233-241	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	59-63
16015023-2	2005	A study was made to confirm whether immunosuppressants such as the macrocyclic lactone FK506 (tacrolimus) possibly serve to modulate glucocorticoid- stimulated IL-1alpha production from chemically treated KCs.	Lactones	79-86	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	160-169
15833930-8	2005	For all tissues and most UGT isoforms examined, the lactone consistently had catalytic rates up to 6-fold greater than the carboxylate.	Lactones	52-59	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A complex locus	Homo sapiens	25-28
15835926-5	2005	To elucidate the substrate preference and other details of PON1 mechanism of catalysis, structure-activity studies were performed with three groups of substrates that are known to be hydrolyzed by PON1: phosphotriesters, esters, and lactones.	Lactones	233-241	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	197-201
15835926-8	2005	PON1-catalyzed lactone hydrolysis shows almost no dependence on the pK(a) of the leaving group, and unlike all other substrates, lactones seem to differ in their K(M) rather than k(cat) values.	Lactones	15-22	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
15835926-8	2005	PON1-catalyzed lactone hydrolysis shows almost no dependence on the pK(a) of the leaving group, and unlike all other substrates, lactones seem to differ in their K(M) rather than k(cat) values.	Lactones	129-137	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
15835926-9	2005	These, and the relatively high rates measured with several lactone substrates (k(cat)/K(M) approximately 10(6) M(-)(1) s(-)(1)) imply that PON1 is in fact a lactonase.	Lactones	59-66	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	139-143
15616150-3	2005	In the inhibition assays (MDR1, MRP2, Mrp2, and OATP1B1), the IC50 values for efflux transporters (MDR1, MRP2, and Mrp2) were >100 microM for all statins in acid form except lovastatin acid (>33 microM), and the IC50 values were up to 10-fold lower for the corresponding lactone forms.	Lactones	277-284	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2	Canis lupus familiaris	105-109
15616150-3	2005	In the inhibition assays (MDR1, MRP2, Mrp2, and OATP1B1), the IC50 values for efflux transporters (MDR1, MRP2, and Mrp2) were >100 microM for all statins in acid form except lovastatin acid (>33 microM), and the IC50 values were up to 10-fold lower for the corresponding lactone forms.	Lactones	277-284	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2	Canis lupus familiaris	115-119
15616150-3	2005	In the inhibition assays (MDR1, MRP2, Mrp2, and OATP1B1), the IC50 values for efflux transporters (MDR1, MRP2, and Mrp2) were >100 microM for all statins in acid form except lovastatin acid (>33 microM), and the IC50 values were up to 10-fold lower for the corresponding lactone forms.	Lactones	277-284	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Canis lupus familiaris	26-30
15582458-1	2005	The syntheses of the novel C-5 substituted pyrimidine derivatives of l-ascorbic acid containing free hydroxy groups at C-2" (6-10) or C-2" and C-3" (11-15) positions of the lactone ring are described.	Lactones	173-180	complement C5	Homo sapiens	27-30
15616150-3	2005	In the inhibition assays (MDR1, MRP2, Mrp2, and OATP1B1), the IC50 values for efflux transporters (MDR1, MRP2, and Mrp2) were >100 microM for all statins in acid form except lovastatin acid (>33 microM), and the IC50 values were up to 10-fold lower for the corresponding lactone forms.	Lactones	277-284	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2	Canis lupus familiaris	32-36
15616150-3	2005	In the inhibition assays (MDR1, MRP2, Mrp2, and OATP1B1), the IC50 values for efflux transporters (MDR1, MRP2, and Mrp2) were >100 microM for all statins in acid form except lovastatin acid (>33 microM), and the IC50 values were up to 10-fold lower for the corresponding lactone forms.	Lactones	277-284	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2	Canis lupus familiaris	38-42
15616150-3	2005	In the inhibition assays (MDR1, MRP2, Mrp2, and OATP1B1), the IC50 values for efflux transporters (MDR1, MRP2, and Mrp2) were >100 microM for all statins in acid form except lovastatin acid (>33 microM), and the IC50 values were up to 10-fold lower for the corresponding lactone forms.	Lactones	277-284	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Canis lupus familiaris	99-103
15670573-2	2005	PON1 hydrolyzes several organophosphorus compounds used as insecticides, as well as nerve agents; it metabolizes toxic oxidized lipids associated with both low density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL; and it can hydrolyze a number of lactone-containing pharmaceutical compounds, inactivating some, while activating others.	Lactones	228-235	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
15837305-0	2005	Novel approach to pro-drugs of lactones: water soluble imidate and ortho-ester derivatives of a furanone-based COX-2 selective inhibitor.	Lactones	31-39	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	111-116
15729632-0	2005	Combretastatins D-3 and D-4, new macrocyclic lactones from Getonia floribunda.	Lactones	45-53	iodothyronine deiodinase 3	Homo sapiens	16-19
15729632-1	2005	Chemical investigation of biologically active compounds of Getonia floribunda led to the isolation of two new macrocyclic lactones, combretastatins D-3 (1) and D-4 (2).	Lactones	122-130	iodothyronine deiodinase 3	Homo sapiens	148-151
15691225-1	2005	Sirolimus (rapamycin) is a macrocyclic lactone isolated from a strain of Streptomyces hygroscopicus that inhibits the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated signal-transduction pathways, resulting in the arrest of cell cycle of various cell types, including T- and B-lymphocytes.	Lactones	39-46	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	118-147
16211870-8	2005	GD2 and GD3 lactones and N-propionylated polysialic acid were significantly more effective at inducing antibodies against tumor cells than the unmodified antigens.	Lactones	12-20	GRDX	Homo sapiens	8-11
15691225-1	2005	Sirolimus (rapamycin) is a macrocyclic lactone isolated from a strain of Streptomyces hygroscopicus that inhibits the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated signal-transduction pathways, resulting in the arrest of cell cycle of various cell types, including T- and B-lymphocytes.	Lactones	39-46	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	149-153
15704251-7	2004	This lactone specifically inhibits lysyl oxidase which depends on copper to catalyze cross linking of collagen and elastin in arteries and bone.	Lactones	5-12	elastin	Homo sapiens	115-122
15504460-4	2004	Compound A (a lactone) and Cerivastatin (an open acid) induced apoptosis, as measured by TUNEL and active caspase 3 staining, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner.	Lactones	14-21	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	106-115
17191836-6	2004	Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) of lactone binding on proteins (BLG and BSA) were performed by the measurement of lipophilicity and H-bond strength.	Lactones	56-63	albumin	Homo sapiens	93-96
15152989-1	2004	The concise synthesis of a potent thrombin inhibitor was accomplished by a mild lactone aminolysis between an orthogonally protected bis-benzylic amine and a diastereomerically pure lactone.	Lactones	80-87	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	34-42
15296384-2	2004	ACTD is an antitumor antibiotic containing one chromophore group and two pentapeptidic lactone cycles that binds dsDNA.	Lactones	87-94	ACTD	Homo sapiens	0-4
15801541-8	2004	Overall, the study demonstrates that CYP-mediated metabolism of lactones is also a common metabolic pathway for statins and that the CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of the lactone forms clearly will need to be taken into account in assessing mechanistic aspects of drug-drug interaction involving statins.	Lactones	64-72	peptidylprolyl isomerase G	Homo sapiens	37-40
15801541-8	2004	Overall, the study demonstrates that CYP-mediated metabolism of lactones is also a common metabolic pathway for statins and that the CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of the lactone forms clearly will need to be taken into account in assessing mechanistic aspects of drug-drug interaction involving statins.	Lactones	64-72	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	133-139
15801541-8	2004	Overall, the study demonstrates that CYP-mediated metabolism of lactones is also a common metabolic pathway for statins and that the CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of the lactone forms clearly will need to be taken into account in assessing mechanistic aspects of drug-drug interaction involving statins.	Lactones	64-71	peptidylprolyl isomerase G	Homo sapiens	37-40
15801541-8	2004	Overall, the study demonstrates that CYP-mediated metabolism of lactones is also a common metabolic pathway for statins and that the CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of the lactone forms clearly will need to be taken into account in assessing mechanistic aspects of drug-drug interaction involving statins.	Lactones	64-71	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	133-139
32287436-1	2004	Aldol reaction of N,N-dibenzyl valinal with propiolic acid ethyl ester derived lithium reagent provides anti-aminoalcohol 8 and syn-aminoalcohol 9, which are converted into the lactone 6 via two different routes.	Lactones	177-184	synemin	Homo sapiens	128-131
15369389-2	2004	Hydrophobic ligand-protein interactions versus ligand-lipid interactions of DAG-lactones with protein kinase C (PK-C).	Lactones	80-88	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	94-110
15369389-2	2004	Hydrophobic ligand-protein interactions versus ligand-lipid interactions of DAG-lactones with protein kinase C (PK-C).	Lactones	80-88	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	112-116
15369389-3	2004	The constrained glycerol backbone of DAG-lactones, when combined with highly branched alkyl chains, has engendered a series of DAG-lactone ligands capable of binding protein kinase C (PK-C) with affinities that approximate those of phorbol esters.	Lactones	41-48	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	166-182
15369389-3	2004	The constrained glycerol backbone of DAG-lactones, when combined with highly branched alkyl chains, has engendered a series of DAG-lactone ligands capable of binding protein kinase C (PK-C) with affinities that approximate those of phorbol esters.	Lactones	41-48	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	184-188
15369389-8	2004	From the molecular docking studies performed with the new ligands, we conclude that the binding pocket of the C1 domain of PK-C is sterically restricted and prevents the methyl groups at the C-3 position of the lactone from engaging in productive hydrophobic contacts with the receptor.	Lactones	211-218	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	123-127
15228292-4	2004	Regiospecific epoxide ring opening and reduction of the intermediate alkyne set the stage for a one-pot lactonization to give (R)-6, a convenient precursor for all functionalized chiral DAG-lactones used as potent PK-C ligands.	Lactones	190-198	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	214-218
15183076-5	2004	In this contribution we analyzed the mechanism of the sesquiterpene lactone-mediated inhibition using different cell systems, and showed that in all the cell lines analyzed, SLs inhibited both NF-kappaB binding and the IkappaB-kinase, but that the former played a more preponderant role in the inhibition.	Lactones	68-75	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	193-202
15152989-1	2004	The concise synthesis of a potent thrombin inhibitor was accomplished by a mild lactone aminolysis between an orthogonally protected bis-benzylic amine and a diastereomerically pure lactone.	Lactones	182-189	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	34-42
15209353-0	2004	Dehydrocostus lactone enhances tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis of human leukemia HL-60 cells.	Lactones	14-21	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	31-58
15148683-5	2004	This review gives an overview of the occurrence and importance of beta2-amino acids in nature, placing emphasis on the metabolic pathways of beta-aminoisobutyric acid (beta-Aib) and the appearance of beta2-amino acids as secondary metabolites or as components of more complex natural products, such as peptides, depsipeptides, lactones, and alkaloids.	Lactones	327-335	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	66-71
15219411-0	2004	Inhibition of type 2 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by estradiol derivatives bearing a lactone on the D-ring: structure-activity relationships.	Lactones	92-99	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 13	Homo sapiens	21-56
14630071-7	2004	Furthermore, total concentrations of flavonoids, fecal- and phytosteroids and resorcyclic lactones were about 1.2 microg/l at STP 1, 0.62 microg/l at STP 2 and 0.25 microg/l at the river Rhine, lane 4.	Lactones	90-98	Stp1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	126-131
14736244-3	2004	Previous studies with 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) lactones, which behave as high-affinity ligands for protein kinase C (PK-C), have established the importance of maintaining intact the pharmacophore triad of two carbonyl moieties (sn-1 and sn-2) and the primary alcohol.	Lactones	47-55	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	99-115
14736244-3	2004	Previous studies with 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) lactones, which behave as high-affinity ligands for protein kinase C (PK-C), have established the importance of maintaining intact the pharmacophore triad of two carbonyl moieties (sn-1 and sn-2) and the primary alcohol.	Lactones	47-55	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	117-121
15148683-5	2004	This review gives an overview of the occurrence and importance of beta2-amino acids in nature, placing emphasis on the metabolic pathways of beta-aminoisobutyric acid (beta-Aib) and the appearance of beta2-amino acids as secondary metabolites or as components of more complex natural products, such as peptides, depsipeptides, lactones, and alkaloids.	Lactones	327-335	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	200-205
14677930-2	2003	Thus, an identical 200-fold reduction in protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibition is observed with either the saturated lactone (7) or with an analogue that lacks the entire lactone (15).	Lactones	120-127	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	49-63
15134488-9	2004	We also developed a new lactone analogue of benzolactam-V8 (17) which shows significant binding selectivity for the C1B domains of PKCepsilon and PKCeta.	Lactones	24-31	protein kinase C epsilon	Homo sapiens	131-141
14677930-2	2003	Thus, an identical 200-fold reduction in protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibition is observed with either the saturated lactone (7) or with an analogue that lacks the entire lactone (15).	Lactones	120-127	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	65-69
12970407-4	2003	By varying the alkyl side chains of these synthetic DAG lactones, it was possible to maximize their potency and ability to render latently infected T cells sensitive to killing by an anti-HIV-1 immunotoxin while minimizing the side effects of CD4 and CXCR4 downregulation and tumor necrosis factor alpha upregulation.	Lactones	56-64	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	243-246
14505797-3	2003	The carboxy form of many CPTs, including 9AC, preferentially binds to human serum albumin (HSA), which further reduces the equilibrium amount of active lactone and greatly decreases antitumor efficacy.	Lactones	152-159	albumin	Homo sapiens	76-89
12970407-4	2003	By varying the alkyl side chains of these synthetic DAG lactones, it was possible to maximize their potency and ability to render latently infected T cells sensitive to killing by an anti-HIV-1 immunotoxin while minimizing the side effects of CD4 and CXCR4 downregulation and tumor necrosis factor alpha upregulation.	Lactones	56-64	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	251-256
12970407-4	2003	By varying the alkyl side chains of these synthetic DAG lactones, it was possible to maximize their potency and ability to render latently infected T cells sensitive to killing by an anti-HIV-1 immunotoxin while minimizing the side effects of CD4 and CXCR4 downregulation and tumor necrosis factor alpha upregulation.	Lactones	56-64	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	276-303
12809530-6	2003	Depending on the specific pattern of hydrophobic substitution, some DAG-lactones are able to induce selective translocation of individual PK-C isozymes to different cellular compartments, and since the specific nature of these hydrophobic interactions influences biological outcome, some of these compounds exhibit cell-specific antitumor activity.	Lactones	72-80	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	138-142
12963475-1	2003	Human paraoxonase (PON1) was previously shown to hydrolyze over 30 different lactones (cyclic esters).	Lactones	77-85	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	19-23
12963475-10	2003	Our results demonstrate that PON1 can lactonize the hydroxy acid form of its lactone substrates and that reversible hydrolysis of lactones may be a property of lactonases that is not generally considered.	Lactones	77-84	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	29-33
12963475-10	2003	Our results demonstrate that PON1 can lactonize the hydroxy acid form of its lactone substrates and that reversible hydrolysis of lactones may be a property of lactonases that is not generally considered.	Lactones	130-138	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	29-33
12757721-1	2003	Effect on protein kinase C (PK-C) binding by the isosteric replacement of sn-1 and sn-2 esters in DAG-lactones.	Lactones	102-110	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	10-26
12757721-1	2003	Effect on protein kinase C (PK-C) binding by the isosteric replacement of sn-1 and sn-2 esters in DAG-lactones.	Lactones	102-110	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	28-32
12624112-3	2003	We identified a natural resorcylic lactone of fungal origin, 5Z-7-oxozeaenol, as a highly potent inhibitor of TAK1.	Lactones	35-42	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	110-114
12817897-1	2003	PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to investigate the role of the hepatic and intestinal P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter/multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (cMOAT/MRP2) on both biliary excretion and intestinal exsorption of irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11) and its metabolite, SN-38, in the lactone and carboxylate forms.	Lactones	348-355	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2	Rattus norvegicus	213-218
12201754-2	2002	The synthesis involved the stabilized Wittig olefination of the lactone carbonyl group of 2 and subsequent asymmetric hydrogenation to generate the corresponding all-syn oxazine 4 with excellent diastereoselectivity.	Lactones	64-71	synemin	Homo sapiens	4-7
12699375-0	2003	Differential binding modes of diacylglycerol (DAG) and DAG lactones to protein kinase C (PK-C).	Lactones	59-67	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	71-87
12699375-0	2003	Differential binding modes of diacylglycerol (DAG) and DAG lactones to protein kinase C (PK-C).	Lactones	59-67	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	89-93
12699375-1	2003	Diacylglycerol lactones (DAG lactones), analogous to highly potent diacylglycerols (DAGs) were synthesized to demonstrate the ability of PK-C to discriminate between two differential binding modes, sn-1 and sn-2.	Lactones	15-23	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	137-141
12699375-2	2003	While both sn-1 and sn-2 binding modes are allowable in terms of hydrogen bonding, it has been found that in general, DAGs prefer to bind sn-1, while the corresponding analogous DAG lactones prefer to bind sn-2.	Lactones	182-190	solute carrier family 38 member 3	Homo sapiens	11-15
12699375-2	2003	While both sn-1 and sn-2 binding modes are allowable in terms of hydrogen bonding, it has been found that in general, DAGs prefer to bind sn-1, while the corresponding analogous DAG lactones prefer to bind sn-2.	Lactones	182-190	solute carrier family 38 member 5	Homo sapiens	20-24
12699375-2	2003	While both sn-1 and sn-2 binding modes are allowable in terms of hydrogen bonding, it has been found that in general, DAGs prefer to bind sn-1, while the corresponding analogous DAG lactones prefer to bind sn-2.	Lactones	182-190	solute carrier family 38 member 5	Homo sapiens	206-210
14531725-12	2003	In vivo, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 is responsible for the formation of two active metabolites from the acid and the lactone forms of atorvastatin.	Lactones	116-123	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	9-34
11950779-7	2002	Studies with expressed UDP glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) revealed that both UGT1A1 and UGT1A3 were capable of forming the glucuronide conjugates and the corresponding lactones for all three statins.	Lactones	169-177	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	78-84
12145192-3	2002	The aim of the study was to analyze the mode of action of the lactone of the ganglioside GM3 on epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling in human ovarial epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells and cell growth in human oral epidermoid carcinoma KB cells by applying the GM3 lactone analog HK1-ceramide 2, which is stable under hydrolytic conditions.	Lactones	62-69	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	280-283
11950779-7	2002	Studies with expressed UDP glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) revealed that both UGT1A1 and UGT1A3 were capable of forming the glucuronide conjugates and the corresponding lactones for all three statins.	Lactones	169-177	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A3	Homo sapiens	89-95
12123058-1	2002	Pyridine and bis(TMS)ketene acetals (TMS = trimethylsilyl) react successively with methylchloroformate and iodine (or peracids) to give, via functionalized dihydropyridines, bicyclic nitrogen-containing lactones which have been characterized by X-ray crystallography.	Lactones	203-211	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	17-20
12123058-1	2002	Pyridine and bis(TMS)ketene acetals (TMS = trimethylsilyl) react successively with methylchloroformate and iodine (or peracids) to give, via functionalized dihydropyridines, bicyclic nitrogen-containing lactones which have been characterized by X-ray crystallography.	Lactones	203-211	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	37-40
11971687-1	2002	Oxidative functionalization (or removal) of a steroidal C18 methyl group is possible using a previously unknown dyotropic rearrangement of a seven-membered fused C-ring lactone to a 6-ring spiro lactone.	Lactones	169-176	Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9	Homo sapiens	56-59
11805079-6	2002	In the case of a dL residue, attack on the lactone C-1 by lysine 72 proceeds more slowly and evidently produces an amide linkage, which resists further processing.	Lactones	43-50	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	51-54
11894136-2	2002	CPT and homocamptothecin (hCPT), derivative with enhanced lactone stability, induced growth inhibition in HT29 cells via p53-independent apoptosis.	Lactones	58-65	choline phosphotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
11894136-2	2002	CPT and homocamptothecin (hCPT), derivative with enhanced lactone stability, induced growth inhibition in HT29 cells via p53-independent apoptosis.	Lactones	58-65	choline phosphotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	26-30
11818660-2	2002	The onset of ordering of the lactone ring at 300 K proceeds continuously, changes the space group from P2(1)/m to P2(1)/c and doubles the unit cell; the abrupt inversion of the lactone rings at 225 K changes the crystal translational symmetry in the (010) plane.	Lactones	29-36	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	114-121
12047107-8	2002	Also the levels of identified fatty acids, methyl ketones, aldehydes, lactones and alcohols were high in desi ghee volatiles compared with industrial ghee and butter oil.	Lactones	70-78	desumoylating isopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	105-109
11728178-2	2001	The incorporation of a hydroxamate moiety into diacylglycerol-lactones reduces lipophilicity and helps discriminate between sn-1 and sn-2 binding modes to protein kinase C (PK-C).	Lactones	62-70	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	155-171
11584014-0	2002	Diacylglycerol (DAG)-lactones, a new class of protein kinase C (PKC) agonists, induce apoptosis in LNCaP prostate cancer cells by selective activation of PKCalpha.	Lactones	21-29	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	64-67
11584014-0	2002	Diacylglycerol (DAG)-lactones, a new class of protein kinase C (PKC) agonists, induce apoptosis in LNCaP prostate cancer cells by selective activation of PKCalpha.	Lactones	21-29	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	154-162
11584014-2	2002	In this study we evaluate the effect of a novel class of PKC ligands, the diacylglycerol (DAG)-lactones, as inducers of apoptosis in LNCaP cells.	Lactones	95-103	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	57-60
11728178-2	2001	The incorporation of a hydroxamate moiety into diacylglycerol-lactones reduces lipophilicity and helps discriminate between sn-1 and sn-2 binding modes to protein kinase C (PK-C).	Lactones	62-70	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	173-177
11728178-4	2001	An approach to reduce the log P in a series of diacylglycerol (DAG)-lactones known for their high binding affinity for protein kinase C (PK-C) is presented.	Lactones	68-76	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	119-135
11728178-4	2001	An approach to reduce the log P in a series of diacylglycerol (DAG)-lactones known for their high binding affinity for protein kinase C (PK-C) is presented.	Lactones	68-76	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	137-141
11605011-8	2001	It is concluded that the synergistic modulation of CPT toxicity by short-term PA/PB treatment in colon carcinoma cells is caused by changes in intracellular pH, possibly affecting quantity and localization of the active closed lactone form of this drug.	Lactones	227-234	choline phosphotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	51-54
12240057-1	2001	The sigma-enynyl complex [TpRu(C(Ph)=C(Ph)C identical to CPh)(P-MeiPr2)] efficiently catalyses the regioselective cyclization of alpha,omega-alkynoic acids to yield endocyclic enol lactones having ring size up to 12 atoms.	Lactones	181-189	carboxypeptidase E	Homo sapiens	57-60
11731914-5	2001	The lactone inuviscolide reduced the PLA(2)-induced oedema (ID(50): 98 micromol/kg).	Lactones	4-11	phospholipase A2, group IB, pancreas	Mus musculus	37-43
11694455-3	2001	Because human neutrophil elastase (HNE) plays a crucial role in the vicious circle leading to mucus hypersecretion, and lactones are known to be elastase inhibitors, we hypothesized that macrolides might directly inhibit elastase.	Lactones	120-128	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	145-153
11181496-2	2001	In this study, the influence of the lactone and acid forms of various HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on metabolism by CYP3A4, a major cytochrome P450 isoform in human liver, was investigated by determining the in vitro inhibition constant (K(i) value) using an antianxiety agent, mexazolam, as a probe substrate.	Lactones	36-43	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	116-122
11502875-1	2001	The homocamptothecin (hCPT) derivative BN80915 containing a seven-membered lactone ring represents one of the most potent topoisomerase I inhibitors described.	Lactones	75-82	choline phosphotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
11395570-4	2001	Both the lactone and carboxylate forms of CPT-11 and SN-38 were actively transported across the cell monolayers, mainly by the apical-localized P-gp pump.	Lactones	9-16	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	144-148
11375021-3	2001	Precursors 19S, 20S, and 21S, readily prepared from glucose, provide densely functionalized bicyclic lactones of predictable stereochemistry in high yields in enantiomerically pure form upon thermolysis at 110 degrees C. B3LYP/6-31G(d) theory provides good descriptions of transition structures for these reactions and allows an understanding of the formation of the major cycloadducts.	Lactones	101-109	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22	Homo sapiens	223-226
11529765-2	2001	An intramolecular [2 + 2]-photocycloaddition is used to provide a photoadduct, which upon fragmentation, lactone cleavage, and subsequent Cope rearrangement provides a dicyclopenta[a,d]cyclooctene ring system with substituents in place (e.g., C3 and C11) to access several 5-8-5 diterpene and sesterterpene natural products.	Lactones	105-112	RNA polymerase III subunit K	Homo sapiens	250-253
12049482-2	2001	Recently, we demonstrated that CPT-11 (lactone) is also a potent inhibitor of human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) at clinically relevant concentrations.	Lactones	39-46	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	84-104
12049482-2	2001	Recently, we demonstrated that CPT-11 (lactone) is also a potent inhibitor of human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) at clinically relevant concentrations.	Lactones	39-46	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	106-110
11335891-3	2001	PON1 also hydrolyzes a number of lactone and cyclic-carbonate drugs.	Lactones	33-40	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
11250868-8	2001	Atorvastatin methyl ester and lactone showed the highest affinities for P-gp and results were comparable for both methods.	Lactones	30-37	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	72-76
11266077-1	2001	Serum paraoxonase (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated enzyme that hydrolyses aromatic esters, organophosphates and lactones and can protect low-density lipoprotein (LDL) against oxidation.	Lactones	133-141	serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-17
11266077-1	2001	Serum paraoxonase (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated enzyme that hydrolyses aromatic esters, organophosphates and lactones and can protect low-density lipoprotein (LDL) against oxidation.	Lactones	133-141	serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	19-23
11117332-3	2000	The NMR data led to the tentative conclusion that the reaction also yielded small amounts of lactose, and alpha-Neu5Ac-(2 --> 3)-beta-D-Galp-(1 --> 4)-D-Glc-(1c --> 4b)-lactone which was stable in aqueous solution.	Lactones	178-185	galanin like peptide	Homo sapiens	139-143
11269740-15	2001	Steady-state plasma lactone levels correlated with the mutational frequency at the HPRT locus (P = 0.06).	Lactones	20-27	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	83-87
11112568-3	2000	The key step is the Yb(OTf)(3)-catalyzed intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of hydrated trienyl glyoxylate 23, which gives lactone 24 stereoselectively.	Lactones	124-131	POU class 5 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	20-29
11038166-1	2000	In an in vitro study, we compared the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent metabolism and drug interactions of the acid and lactone forms of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitor atorvastatin.	Lactones	119-126	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	38-53
11038166-1	2000	In an in vitro study, we compared the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent metabolism and drug interactions of the acid and lactone forms of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitor atorvastatin.	Lactones	119-126	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	55-58
11038166-1	2000	In an in vitro study, we compared the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent metabolism and drug interactions of the acid and lactone forms of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitor atorvastatin.	Lactones	119-126	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Homo sapiens	140-186
11038166-5	2000	Compared with atorvastatin acid, CYP-dependent metabolism of atorvastatin lactone to its para-hydroxy metabolite was 83-fold higher [formation CL(int) (V(max)/K(m)): lactone 2949 +/- 3511 versus acid 35.5 +/- 48.1 microl.	Lactones	74-81	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	33-36
10931838-6	2000	In contrast to PON1, PON3 has very limited arylesterase and no paraoxonase activities but rapidly hydrolyzes lactones such as statin prodrugs (e.g. lovastatin).	Lactones	109-117	paraoxonase 3	Homo sapiens	21-25
10931838-8	2000	PON3 hydrolyzes aromatic lactones and 5- or 6-member ring lactones with aliphatic substituents but not simple lactones or those with polar substituents.	Lactones	25-33	paraoxonase 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
10931838-8	2000	PON3 hydrolyzes aromatic lactones and 5- or 6-member ring lactones with aliphatic substituents but not simple lactones or those with polar substituents.	Lactones	58-66	paraoxonase 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
10704251-3	2000	Because activation of NF-kappaB is involved in the regulation of the chemokine interleukin 8 (IL-8), we hypothesized that the sesquiterpene lactones, isohelenin and parthenolide, would inhibit IL-8 gene expression in cultured human respiratory epithelium.	Lactones	140-148	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	22-31
10966739-10	2000	The sn-1 DAG lactones were less effective as PK-C ligands than the sn-2 DAG lactones despite having a similar array of linear or branched acyl and alpha-alkylidene chains	Lactones	13-21	solute carrier family 38 member 3	Homo sapiens	4-8
10966739-10	2000	The sn-1 DAG lactones were less effective as PK-C ligands than the sn-2 DAG lactones despite having a similar array of linear or branched acyl and alpha-alkylidene chains	Lactones	13-21	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	45-49
10966739-10	2000	The sn-1 DAG lactones were less effective as PK-C ligands than the sn-2 DAG lactones despite having a similar array of linear or branched acyl and alpha-alkylidene chains	Lactones	76-84	solute carrier family 38 member 5	Homo sapiens	67-71
10891182-4	2000	Lactone ring opening reveals that the enantiomerically enriched beta-lactones act as surrogates for syn propionate aldol adducts.	Lactones	0-7	synemin	Homo sapiens	100-103
10841808-1	2000	Homocamptothecin (hCPT) is an E-ring modified camptothecin (CPT) analogue bearing a methylene spacer between the alcohol and carboxyl functions of the CPT lactone.	Lactones	155-162	choline phosphotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	60-63
10965891-2	2000	We now report the existence of a mammalian lactone-hydrogenated ouabain-like factor (dihydro-OLF) in secretions from cultured mouse adrenal Y-1 cells.	Lactones	43-50	transmembrane O-mannosyltransferase targeting cadherins 1	Homo sapiens	64-83
10965891-2	2000	We now report the existence of a mammalian lactone-hydrogenated ouabain-like factor (dihydro-OLF) in secretions from cultured mouse adrenal Y-1 cells.	Lactones	43-50	transmembrane O-mannosyltransferase targeting cadherins 1	Homo sapiens	93-96
10966739-2	2000	Contrast between sn-1 and sn-2 DAG lactones in binding to protein kinase C.	Lactones	35-43	solute carrier family 38 member 5	Homo sapiens	26-30
10966739-2	2000	Contrast between sn-1 and sn-2 DAG lactones in binding to protein kinase C.	Lactones	35-43	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	58-74
10966739-3	2000	In previous work, we have obtained potent protein kinase C (PK-C) ligands with low-namomolar binding affinities by constructing diacylglycerol (DAG) mimetics in which the sn-2 carbonyl of DAG was constrained into a lactone ring.	Lactones	215-222	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	42-58
10966739-3	2000	In previous work, we have obtained potent protein kinase C (PK-C) ligands with low-namomolar binding affinities by constructing diacylglycerol (DAG) mimetics in which the sn-2 carbonyl of DAG was constrained into a lactone ring.	Lactones	215-222	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	60-64
10966739-3	2000	In previous work, we have obtained potent protein kinase C (PK-C) ligands with low-namomolar binding affinities by constructing diacylglycerol (DAG) mimetics in which the sn-2 carbonyl of DAG was constrained into a lactone ring.	Lactones	215-222	solute carrier family 38 member 5	Homo sapiens	171-175
10912947-2	2000	All CPT analogs are sensitive to a pH-dependent reversible conversion between a pharmacologically active lactone form and its inactive, lactone ring-opened, carboxylate form.	Lactones	105-112	choline phosphotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	4-7
10912947-2	2000	All CPT analogs are sensitive to a pH-dependent reversible conversion between a pharmacologically active lactone form and its inactive, lactone ring-opened, carboxylate form.	Lactones	136-143	choline phosphotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	4-7
10912947-6	2000	Since the lactone forms of these drugs are able to diffuse across cell membranes, including those of the red blood cells, rapid collection and processing is even necessary in the case where only the total concentrations of the CPT analogs are to be measured.	Lactones	10-17	choline phosphotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	227-230
10841808-1	2000	Homocamptothecin (hCPT) is an E-ring modified camptothecin (CPT) analogue bearing a methylene spacer between the alcohol and carboxyl functions of the CPT lactone.	Lactones	155-162	choline phosphotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	19-22
10799869-4	2000	Bromoenol lactone-dependent inhibition of IL-1 beta processing was not due to perturbation of the export machinery for pro-IL-1 beta and IL-1 beta or to caspase-1 suppression.	Lactones	10-17	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	42-51
10715158-16	2000	Our present approach should facilitate the generation of multiple libraries of structurally similar DAG-lactones to help exploit molecular diversity for PK-C and other high-affinity receptors for DAG and the phorbol esters.	Lactones	104-112	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	153-157
10704251-3	2000	Because activation of NF-kappaB is involved in the regulation of the chemokine interleukin 8 (IL-8), we hypothesized that the sesquiterpene lactones, isohelenin and parthenolide, would inhibit IL-8 gene expression in cultured human respiratory epithelium.	Lactones	140-148	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	79-92
10704251-3	2000	Because activation of NF-kappaB is involved in the regulation of the chemokine interleukin 8 (IL-8), we hypothesized that the sesquiterpene lactones, isohelenin and parthenolide, would inhibit IL-8 gene expression in cultured human respiratory epithelium.	Lactones	140-148	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	94-98
10704251-3	2000	Because activation of NF-kappaB is involved in the regulation of the chemokine interleukin 8 (IL-8), we hypothesized that the sesquiterpene lactones, isohelenin and parthenolide, would inhibit IL-8 gene expression in cultured human respiratory epithelium.	Lactones	140-148	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	193-197
10659953-0	2000	Pronounced differences in inhibition potency of lactone and non-lactone compounds for mouse and human coumarin 7-hydroxylases (CYP2A5 and CYP2A6).	Lactones	48-55	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	127-133
10659953-0	2000	Pronounced differences in inhibition potency of lactone and non-lactone compounds for mouse and human coumarin 7-hydroxylases (CYP2A5 and CYP2A6).	Lactones	48-55	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	138-144
10659953-0	2000	Pronounced differences in inhibition potency of lactone and non-lactone compounds for mouse and human coumarin 7-hydroxylases (CYP2A5 and CYP2A6).	Lactones	64-71	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	127-133
10659953-0	2000	Pronounced differences in inhibition potency of lactone and non-lactone compounds for mouse and human coumarin 7-hydroxylases (CYP2A5 and CYP2A6).	Lactones	64-71	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	138-144
10604726-8	1999	These results suggest that reversal of P-gp-mediated resistance to topotecan by PAK-200S was related to the restoration of cellular drug concentrations of the active lactone form of topotecan rather than a direct effect on topoisomerase-I function.	Lactones	166-173	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	39-43
10570064-4	1999	The lactone form of CPT-11 resulted in apparent noncompetitive inhibition of electric eel and both human recombinant and erythrocyte AChE with K(i) values of 0.065, 0.19, and 0.29 microM, respectively.	Lactones	4-11	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	133-137
10576684-1	1999	By inserting an oxygen link between the 3-fluorophenyl and the lactone ring of 5,5-dimethyl-3-(3fluorophenyl)-4-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-2 (5H)-furanone 1 (DFU), analogs with enhanced in vitro COX-2 inhibitory potency as well as in vivo potency in models of inflammation were obtained.	Lactones	63-70	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	194-199
10569939-3	1999	We have recently shown that hCPT is much more active than the parent compound against a variety of tumor cells in vitro and in xenograft models, suggesting that a highly reactive lactone is not essential for topoisomerase I-mediated anticancer activity [Lesueur-Ginot et al.	Lactones	179-186	choline phosphotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	28-32
10518540-7	1999	The different DAG lactones show some selectivity for this novel receptor compared with PKCalpha.	Lactones	18-26	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	87-95
10497941-8	1999	Phenoxy acid herbicides produce peculiar fragments by MS2 from loss of the acidic group possibly as the corresponding lactone.	Lactones	118-125	MS2	Homo sapiens	54-57
10462483-5	1999	In the current studies we determined if the sesquiterpene lactones, parthenolide and isohelenin, modulate iNOS gene expression in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC) treated with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma.	Lactones	58-66	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	106-110
10462483-5	1999	In the current studies we determined if the sesquiterpene lactones, parthenolide and isohelenin, modulate iNOS gene expression in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC) treated with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma.	Lactones	58-66	interferon gamma	Rattus norvegicus	214-230
10465547-0	1999	SAR in the alkoxy lactone series: the discovery of DFP, a potent and orally active COX-2 inhibitor.	Lactones	18-25	sarcosine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-3
10465547-0	1999	SAR in the alkoxy lactone series: the discovery of DFP, a potent and orally active COX-2 inhibitor.	Lactones	18-25	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	83-88
10388781-3	1999	A tetrafluorphenyl (TFP) ester of trimethyl psoralen (trioxalen) was synthesized, and the procedure to immobilize it onto a functionalized aminopropyl mica surface (AP-mica) was developed.	Lactones	54-63	MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A	Homo sapiens	151-155
10388781-3	1999	A tetrafluorphenyl (TFP) ester of trimethyl psoralen (trioxalen) was synthesized, and the procedure to immobilize it onto a functionalized aminopropyl mica surface (AP-mica) was developed.	Lactones	54-63	MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A	Homo sapiens	168-172
10388781-6	1999	Results from XPS show that an AP-mica surface can be formed by vapor phase deposition of silane and that this surface can be derivatized with trioxalen.	Lactones	142-151	MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A	Homo sapiens	33-37
10388781-10	1999	The molecules are distributed over the surface uniformly, indicating rather even modification of AP-mica with trioxalen.	Lactones	110-119	MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A	Homo sapiens	100-104
10383158-3	1999	Biological testing against CPT revealed that, instead of being detrimental, the modified lactone of hCPT has a positive impact on topoisomerase I (Topo I) poisoning properties.	Lactones	89-96	choline phosphotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	27-30
10383158-3	1999	Biological testing against CPT revealed that, instead of being detrimental, the modified lactone of hCPT has a positive impact on topoisomerase I (Topo I) poisoning properties.	Lactones	89-96	choline phosphotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	100-104
9852316-3	1999	Rapamycin can also activate RyR channels with FKBP12 removed, suggesting that compounds with macrocyclic lactone ring structures can directly activate RyRs.	Lactones	105-112	ryanodine receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
10193198-4	1999	Thus, dehydrocostus lactone may be a possible candidate for the development of new drugs to treat endotoxemia accompanied by the overproduction of NO and TNF-alpha.	Lactones	20-27	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	154-163
10378003-4	1999	Compound 3 was identified as a cis-syn-exo intermolecular [2 + 2] photoadduct involving the 5,6 double bond of thymine and the exomethylenic double bond of the lactone, while compound 4 was identified as an intermolecular [2 + 2] photoadduct involving the same bonds but with the cis-syn-endo conformation.	Lactones	160-167	synemin	Homo sapiens	35-38
10037703-2	1999	These diversities are further complicated by the fact that OSA/PSA spontaneously form lactones under even mildly acidic conditions.	Lactones	86-94	aminopeptidase puromycin sensitive	Homo sapiens	63-66
9578548-8	1998	X-ray crystal structures of alpha-thrombin/GR133686 (3.0 A resolution) and alpha-thrombin/GR133487 (2.2 A resolution) complexes showed continuous electron density between Ser195 and the ring-opened lactone carbonyl, demonstrating acyl-enzyme formation.	Lactones	198-205	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	34-42
9873429-3	1998	The replacement of the sn-1 and sn-2 carbonyl esters in DAG-surrogate lactones by sulfonate esters showed that their isosteric properties in protein kinase C binding are controlled by the location of the hydrophobic alkyl chain on the molecule.	Lactones	70-78	solute carrier family 38 member 3	Homo sapiens	23-27
9873429-3	1998	The replacement of the sn-1 and sn-2 carbonyl esters in DAG-surrogate lactones by sulfonate esters showed that their isosteric properties in protein kinase C binding are controlled by the location of the hydrophobic alkyl chain on the molecule.	Lactones	70-78	solute carrier family 38 member 5	Homo sapiens	32-36
10336378-8	1999	The structural implication is that, in 2-chloro-CCM conversion by CMCIase, the lactone ring of 5-chloromuconolactone rotates before dehalogenation to bring the acidic C4 proton next to K169.	Lactones	79-86	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	160-169
9786505-2	1998	We investigated whether andrographolide, a diterpenoid lactone found at Andrographis paniculata, influences the induction of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in RAW264.7 cells activated by bacterial endotoxin (LPS), as well as in the rats with endotoxic shock and in aortic rings treated with LPS.	Lactones	55-62	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	162-166
9578548-8	1998	X-ray crystal structures of alpha-thrombin/GR133686 (3.0 A resolution) and alpha-thrombin/GR133487 (2.2 A resolution) complexes showed continuous electron density between Ser195 and the ring-opened lactone carbonyl, demonstrating acyl-enzyme formation.	Lactones	198-205	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	81-89
9566525-13	1998	These data indicate that a P-glycoprotein may be involved in resistance to ivermectin and other macrocyclic lactones in H. contortus.	Lactones	108-116	multidrug resistance protein 1	Ovis aries	27-41
27392685-2	1998	Bioassay results of various compounds related to 1 and 2 suggests that the 10-oxo and lactone moieties of 2 were important for enhancing the cytotoxicity.	Lactones	86-93	dominant cataract 5	Mus musculus	46-56
9157988-1	1997	We have reported previously that a canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT) is responsible for the biliary excretion of carboxylate forms of irinotecan, 7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1 piperidino] carbonyloxy camptothecin (CPT-11), its active metabolite SN-38, and glucuronide conjugate (SN38-Glu) and the lactone form of SN38-Glu in rats.	Lactones	324-331	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2	Rattus norvegicus	35-86
9750028-5	1998	Detailed analysis using isolated liver bile canalicular membrane vesicles to identify transport systems showed that cMOAT is responsible for biliary excretion of the low-affinity component of the carboxylate form of CPT-11 and the high-affinity component of both the lactone and carboxylate forms of SN-38 glucuronide.	Lactones	267-274	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2	Rattus norvegicus	116-121
9531982-0	1998	Novel lactone compounds from Mortierella verticillata that induce the human low density lipoprotein receptor gene: fermentation, isolation, structural elucidation and biological activities.	Lactones	6-13	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	76-108
9531982-3	1998	These lactones are potent inducers of the LDL receptor gene in vitro, that enhanced LDL receptor expression in human hepatocytes 2-fold at 100 nM.	Lactones	6-14	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	42-54
9531982-3	1998	These lactones are potent inducers of the LDL receptor gene in vitro, that enhanced LDL receptor expression in human hepatocytes 2-fold at 100 nM.	Lactones	6-14	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	84-96
9157988-1	1997	We have reported previously that a canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT) is responsible for the biliary excretion of carboxylate forms of irinotecan, 7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1 piperidino] carbonyloxy camptothecin (CPT-11), its active metabolite SN-38, and glucuronide conjugate (SN38-Glu) and the lactone form of SN38-Glu in rats.	Lactones	324-331	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2	Rattus norvegicus	88-93
9147379-6	1997	Therefore native RyRs, stripped of FKBP12, are directly activated by the macrocyclic lactone, rapamycin.	Lactones	85-92	peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1A	Oryctolagus cuniculus	35-41
9158862-4	1997	Addition to the exocyclic methylene group at the lactone ring was found to occur in the presence, of GSH in molar ratios over 1:1, but proceeded at a rate 10 times smaller than at C-2 leading to the 2 beta,13(11 beta)-bis-glutathionyl adduct.	Lactones	49-56	complement C2	Homo sapiens	180-183
8877891-4	1996	Lactam ring opened gamma-lactones were produced as a mixture of four diastereoisomers based on the lactone methyl, and C-6 isomerizations in acidic to neutral solutions.	Lactones	25-32	complement C6	Homo sapiens	119-122
8960550-10	1996	With these results, the order of importance of five-membered ring lactones as competent templates for the construction of semirigid DAG surrogates with effective PK-C binding affinity can be established as II >> I approximately III > IV.	Lactones	66-74	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	162-166
11667742-2	1996	The application of this process in a highly efficient synthesis of lactone natural products blastmycinone (1), NFX-2 (2), antimycinone (3), and NFX-4 (4) and two lipid metabolites (5, 6) are described.	Lactones	67-74	nuclear transcription factor, X-box binding 1	Homo sapiens	111-116
8831761-1	1996	Naphthalenic lignan lactone 3a (L-702,539), a potent and selective 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitor, is extensively metabolized at two different sites: the tetrahydropyran and the lactone rings.	Lactones	20-27	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens	67-81
8877891-8	1996	In addition, the smallest rate constant at pH 4 was observed for C-6 epimerization of the lactones, and it was found to proceed without deprotonation at C-6 by 1H-NMR spectroscopy.	Lactones	90-98	complement C6	Homo sapiens	65-68
8758752-0	1996	BCL-2 protein changes within the hippocampus cells in coriaria lactone-induced GTC seizure in rats.	Lactones	63-70	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
8702779-3	1996	In a separate experiment, a 10-fold excess of the lactone was incubated with GST-Pi isozyme at 37 degrees C for 3 h, followed by dialysis against Nanopure water.	Lactones	50-57	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Mus musculus	77-80
8702779-4	1996	GST activity lost upon incubation with the lactone could not be restored by exhaustive dialysis, and only 8% of enzyme activity for the modified GST remained relative to the control that was treated identically except the lactone was omitted from the incubation.	Lactones	43-50	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Mus musculus	0-3
8702779-4	1996	GST activity lost upon incubation with the lactone could not be restored by exhaustive dialysis, and only 8% of enzyme activity for the modified GST remained relative to the control that was treated identically except the lactone was omitted from the incubation.	Lactones	43-50	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Mus musculus	145-148
8702779-4	1996	GST activity lost upon incubation with the lactone could not be restored by exhaustive dialysis, and only 8% of enzyme activity for the modified GST remained relative to the control that was treated identically except the lactone was omitted from the incubation.	Lactones	222-229	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Mus musculus	145-148
8702779-7	1996	Instead, protein incubated with the lactone exhibited an increase in molecular mass of 230 Da relative to control GST.	Lactones	36-43	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Mus musculus	114-117
8702779-8	1996	The lactone (100 microM) was incubated with GST Pi isozyme (1.0 microM) in the presence of the competitive inhibitor S-hexylglutathione (10 microM), which suppressed time-dependent inhibition of GST by the lactone.	Lactones	4-11	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Mus musculus	44-47
8702779-8	1996	The lactone (100 microM) was incubated with GST Pi isozyme (1.0 microM) in the presence of the competitive inhibitor S-hexylglutathione (10 microM), which suppressed time-dependent inhibition of GST by the lactone.	Lactones	4-11	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Mus musculus	195-198
8702779-8	1996	The lactone (100 microM) was incubated with GST Pi isozyme (1.0 microM) in the presence of the competitive inhibitor S-hexylglutathione (10 microM), which suppressed time-dependent inhibition of GST by the lactone.	Lactones	206-213	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Mus musculus	44-47
8702779-8	1996	The lactone (100 microM) was incubated with GST Pi isozyme (1.0 microM) in the presence of the competitive inhibitor S-hexylglutathione (10 microM), which suppressed time-dependent inhibition of GST by the lactone.	Lactones	206-213	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Mus musculus	195-198
11667282-6	1996	Thermolysis or photolysis of 8e or9b led via electrocyclic ring opening to a vinyl ketene which was trapped by MeOH, alkenes, dienes, or oxygen to produce polyfunctional unsaturated esters 29 and 30 or 8-membered ring lactone 31, fused cyclobutanones 33 and 34, pyranone 38, or gamma-lactone 39, respectively.	Lactones	218-225	olfactory receptor family 1 subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
8728064-4	1996	However, the positions of the lactone rings of the first two compounds and the configuration of the bond attaching the glucose moiety to C-6 of the third differ from the reported ones.	Lactones	30-37	complement C6	Homo sapiens	137-140
8568819-4	1996	Since the interaction of PK-C with DAG is stereospecific, it was anticipated that PK-C would bind tightly to only one enantiomeric form of the compounds constructed with this new lactone template.	Lactones	179-186	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	25-29
8568819-4	1996	Since the interaction of PK-C with DAG is stereospecific, it was anticipated that PK-C would bind tightly to only one enantiomeric form of the compounds constructed with this new lactone template.	Lactones	179-186	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	82-86
7664636-2	1995	The C-24 oxidation pathway leading to the formation of calcitroic acid has been previously reported to be present in bone cells, but the C-23 oxidation pathway leading to the formation of 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2D3-26,23-lactone has not been described in bone cells, even though 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2D3-26,23-lactone is noted to have a significant effect on bone formation.	Lactones	214-221	nucleolin	Homo sapiens	137-141
7473580-9	1995	Lactone 7 is selective for microsomal 17 beta-HSD activity, as no inhibition was observed for cytosolic 17 beta-HSD activity.	Lactones	0-7	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	38-49
7664636-2	1995	The C-24 oxidation pathway leading to the formation of calcitroic acid has been previously reported to be present in bone cells, but the C-23 oxidation pathway leading to the formation of 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2D3-26,23-lactone has not been described in bone cells, even though 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2D3-26,23-lactone is noted to have a significant effect on bone formation.	Lactones	298-305	nucleolin	Homo sapiens	137-141
7648207-3	1995	The major conformations of the lactone ring were termed A (A1, A2, A3) and B (B1, B2), and this macrocycle flexibility induced five different orientations a, b, c, d and e for the desosamine sugar.	Lactones	31-38	immunoglobulin kappa variable 7-3 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	78-84
7486962-5	1995	Furthermore, the suppressive effect of costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone on HBsAg and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), a marker for hepatitis B viral genome replication in human liver cells, was also observed in another human hepatoma cell line HepA2 which was derived from HepG2 cells by transfecting a tandemly repeat hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA.	Lactones	69-76	capsid protein;pre-capsid protein	Hepatitis B virus	90-119
7704198-0	1995	High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the lactone and carboxylate forms of a topoisomerase I inhibitor (the antitumor drug GI147211) in plasma.	Lactones	56-63	DNA topoisomerase I	Canis lupus familiaris	91-106
7538841-5	1995	Reduction of the double bond between C-2 and C-3 on the A-ring by reduction of the lactone decreased binding 500 to 750-fold.	Lactones	83-90	complement C2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	37-48
7704198-1	1995	A sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the quantitation of the lactone form (GI147211) of a topoisomerase I inhibitor and its carboxylate form (GI190421) from dog plasma.	Lactones	135-142	DNA topoisomerase I	Canis lupus familiaris	164-179
7720527-1	1995	It has been reported previously that the tetrahydropyranyl naphthtalenic lignan lactone L-702,539 is a potent nonredox, 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor that has the advantage that it can be dosed either as the lactone or as the corresponding nonactive hydroxy acid L-702,618 (opened lactone).	Lactones	80-87	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens	120-134
7703361-4	1995	Compound 8 was identified as a cis-syn-endo intramolecular [2 + 2] photoadduct involving the 5",6" double bond of the thymine moiety and the 3,6 exomethylenic group of the lactone.	Lactones	172-179	synemin	Homo sapiens	35-38
7757422-1	1994	The minimum energy conformations of the four sterically reasonable SLe(x) and SLe(a) lactones were calculated using the molecular mechanics force-field MM2(91).	Lactones	85-93	PNMA family member 2	Homo sapiens	152-155
8081841-5	1993	These results indicate that PK-C is more able to discriminate between optical antipodes, in favor of the L-isomer, as the lactone ring increases from five to six.	Lactones	122-129	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	28-32
8026889-5	1994	In contrast, MAbs AMR40 and AMR19, which were generated with GD1a lactone and GD3 lactone, respectively, showed broader specificities, recognizing several ganglioside lactones.	Lactones	82-89	GRDX	Homo sapiens	78-81
8026889-5	1994	In contrast, MAbs AMR40 and AMR19, which were generated with GD1a lactone and GD3 lactone, respectively, showed broader specificities, recognizing several ganglioside lactones.	Lactones	167-175	GRDX	Homo sapiens	78-81
8370046-6	1993	This glycoside was easily transformed, via selective reduction of the azido group, condensation with octadecanoic acid, O-deacylation, and hydrolysis of the methyl ester and lactone functions, into ganglioside GD3.	Lactones	174-181	GRDX	Homo sapiens	210-213
7918477-4	1994	Multifrequency phase-modulation spectroscopic analyses of the intrinsic fluorescence emissions of the two drug forms revealed a physical explanation for the extensive ring opening observed in the presence of human serum albumin (HSA): the protein exhibited a marked 200-fold binding preference for the carboxylate (K = 1.2 x 10(6) M-1) relative to the lactone (K approximately 5.5 x 10(3) M-1).	Lactones	352-359	albumin	Homo sapiens	214-233
7819413-0	1994	[Lipoxygenase oxidation of arachidonic acid in murine splenocytes and its modulation by the lactone ganglioside GM3].	Lactones	92-99	granulocyte macrophage antigen 3	Mus musculus	112-115
7527234-2	1994	On the other hand, the affinity of [Hse lactone-52]-52,53-seco-BPTI for chymotrypsin is higher, around neutrality, than that found for native BPTI by about one order of magnitude, converging in the acidic pH limb.	Lactones	40-47	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	63-67
7527234-2	1994	On the other hand, the affinity of [Hse lactone-52]-52,53-seco-BPTI for chymotrypsin is higher, around neutrality, than that found for native BPTI by about one order of magnitude, converging in the acidic pH limb.	Lactones	40-47	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	142-146
7527234-4	1994	On the basis of the stereochemistry of the serine proteinase/inhibitor contact region(s), these data indicate that long-range structural changes in [Hse lactone-52]-52,53-seco-BPTI are energetically linked to the chymotrypsin:inhibitor complex formation.	Lactones	153-160	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	176-180
8449916-3	1993	Bryostatin-1, a macrocyclic lactone that binds to PKC at or near the PMA-binding site and thus blocks PMA"s proliferative effects, induced concentration-dependent p47 phosphorylation, platelet aggregation, release of dense granule contents, and a rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+ (ED50 = 2.0 nM) in intact aequorin-loaded platelets.	Lactones	28-35	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	50-53
8471404-2	1993	It has been suggested that HMG CoA reductase inhibitors which are administered as inactive, lipophilic lactones (e.g. simvastatin) have a greater propensity to evoke nocturnal sleep disturbances than pravastatin, an inhibitor given in the active, hydrophilic, open-acid form.	Lactones	103-111	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Homo sapiens	27-44
30310240-2	1993	The key step involves the epimerization of the C-2 center of the lactone 4, hydrolysis and protection of the resulting hydroxy acid, followed by Curtius rearrangement to introduce the urethane functionality.	Lactones	65-72	complement C2	Homo sapiens	47-50
1447734-5	1992	The alpha-aryl-substituted lactones 1 and 2, which have greater conformational mobility in the guanidinoaryl linkage than I, selectively inhibited the trypsin-like enzymes, and they were relatively poor inactivators of alpha-chymotrypsin and human neutrophil elastase (HNE).	Lactones	27-35	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	248-267
1447734-5	1992	The alpha-aryl-substituted lactones 1 and 2, which have greater conformational mobility in the guanidinoaryl linkage than I, selectively inhibited the trypsin-like enzymes, and they were relatively poor inactivators of alpha-chymotrypsin and human neutrophil elastase (HNE).	Lactones	27-35	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	269-272
1304544-0	1992	[Observation of paired-pulse depression in CA1 region of hippocampal slices from coriaria lactone-kindled rats].	Lactones	90-97	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
1304544-1	1992	Paired-pulse depression (PPD) technique was used to investigate the potency of recurrent synaptic inhibition mediated by GABA in area CA1 of 54 hippocampal slices from coriaria lactone (CL)-kindled and control rats.	Lactones	177-184	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
1931973-3	1991	The absolute configuration at C-4 was determined to be S by locating the 13C label in the lactone ring of the trans isomeric lactone and in the hydroxymethyl group of the cis isomer following HPLC separation of both isomers and analysis by GC/MS/MS techniques.	Lactones	90-97	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	30-33
1313412-1	1992	Expression of the Vibrio fischeri luminescence genes (luxR and luxICDABEG) in Escherichia coli requires autoinducer (N-3-oxohexanoyl homoserine lactone) and LuxR protein, which activate transcription of luxICDABEG (genes for autoinducer synthase and the luminescence enzymes), and cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cAMP receptor protein (CRP), which activate transcription of the divergently expressed luxR gene.	Lactones	144-151	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	303-330
1804060-1	1991	Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase by anthralin (1) and 41 derivatives is determined: the acids 38 and 39, the lactones 40-42 and 9-anthrone (8) are the most potent inhibitors, the lactone 41 reaching the efficacy of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA).	Lactones	105-113	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens	14-28
1804060-1	1991	Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase by anthralin (1) and 41 derivatives is determined: the acids 38 and 39, the lactones 40-42 and 9-anthrone (8) are the most potent inhibitors, the lactone 41 reaching the efficacy of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA).	Lactones	105-112	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens	14-28
1931973-3	1991	The absolute configuration at C-4 was determined to be S by locating the 13C label in the lactone ring of the trans isomeric lactone and in the hydroxymethyl group of the cis isomer following HPLC separation of both isomers and analysis by GC/MS/MS techniques.	Lactones	125-132	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	30-33
2350538-3	1990	All lactones undergo rapid acylation (ka varies from 17 to 170 min-1) that shows little enantioselectivity; there is, however, pronounced enantioselectivity in substrate binding for three of the lactones [Ks(R/S) = 40-110].	Lactones	4-12	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	63-68
1832610-6	1991	The first includes inactive lactone prodrugs, as Lovastatin and Simvastatin, that are enzymatically hydrolyzed to the corresponding ring-opened active forms in the liver, where the HMGCoA reductase inhibitors must chiefly reduce cholesterol synthesis.	Lactones	28-35	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Homo sapiens	181-197
1991519-6	1991	Our results indicate that two different lactones, namely gamma (1-4) and delta (1-5) 6-phosphogluconolactones, are formed as products in this reaction.	Lactones	40-48	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	57-67
1991519-6	1991	Our results indicate that two different lactones, namely gamma (1-4) and delta (1-5) 6-phosphogluconolactones, are formed as products in this reaction.	Lactones	40-48	delta like non-canonical Notch ligand 1	Homo sapiens	73-83
2224187-1	1990	Simvastatin, a pro-drug lactone, forms the open carboxylic acid as a major metabolite that inhibits the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase.	Lactones	24-31	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Homo sapiens	116-163
2098322-0	1990	Antibody response to immunization with purified GD3 ganglioside and GD3 derivatives (lactones, amide and gangliosidol) in the mouse.	Lactones	85-93	GRDX	Homo sapiens	48-51
2098322-0	1990	Antibody response to immunization with purified GD3 ganglioside and GD3 derivatives (lactones, amide and gangliosidol) in the mouse.	Lactones	85-93	GRDX	Homo sapiens	68-71
2098322-4	1990	GD3 lactone I and II, GD3 amide and GD3 gangliosidol were synthesized, and the humoral immune response to these derivatives was compared with the response to unmodified GD3.	Lactones	4-11	GRDX	Homo sapiens	0-3
2098322-8	1990	IgM antibodies induced by immunization with GD3 lactone I cross-reacted with purified GD3 and GD3-expressing melanoma cells.	Lactones	48-55	GRDX	Homo sapiens	44-47
2098322-8	1990	IgM antibodies induced by immunization with GD3 lactone I cross-reacted with purified GD3 and GD3-expressing melanoma cells.	Lactones	48-55	GRDX	Homo sapiens	86-89
2098322-8	1990	IgM antibodies induced by immunization with GD3 lactone I cross-reacted with purified GD3 and GD3-expressing melanoma cells.	Lactones	48-55	GRDX	Homo sapiens	86-89
2340365-3	1990	Data obtained for lactones of GD3 (NeuAc alpha 2----8NeuAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4Glc beta 1----1Cer) using negative ion FAB mass spectrometry of underivatized materials, negative ion FAB mass spectrometry following ammonolysis, and positive ion FAB mass spectrometry following ammonolysis and permethylation are presented and discussed.	Lactones	18-26	GRDX	Homo sapiens	30-33
33581508-0	2021	Procerolides A-B from Microcionidae marine sponge Clathria procera: Anti-inflammatory macrocylic lactones with selective cyclooxygenase-2 attenuation properties.	Lactones	97-105	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	121-137
34742736-0	2021	The steroidal lactone withaferin A impedes T-cell motility by inhibiting the kinase ZAP70 and subsequent kinome signaling.	Lactones	14-21	zeta chain of T cell receptor associated protein kinase 70	Homo sapiens	84-89
34956409-2	2021	Lactones are ring-opened with Br2 and a substoichiometric amount of PBr3, leading to good yields of the corresponding alpha-bromocarboxylic acids.	Lactones	0-8	E2F transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	68-72
2040532-0	1991	Antibody response to immunization with ganglioside GD3 and GD3 congeners (lactones, amide and gangliosidol) in patients with malignant melanoma.	Lactones	74-82	GRDX	Homo sapiens	59-62
2040532-5	1991	GD3 lactones, GD3 amide and GD3 gangliosidol were synthesized, and the humoral immune response to these derivatives was analyzed.	Lactones	4-12	GRDX	Homo sapiens	0-3
2040532-8	1991	This is in contrast to observations in the mouse, where GD3 lactone I induced antibodies that showed cross-reactivity with GD3.	Lactones	60-67	GRDX	Homo sapiens	56-59
2040532-8	1991	This is in contrast to observations in the mouse, where GD3 lactone I induced antibodies that showed cross-reactivity with GD3.	Lactones	60-67	GRDX	Homo sapiens	123-126
34590769-5	2021	Subsequently, a ketoreductase ChaE rearranges the carbon skeleton and afford the alpha-pyrone containing pentacyclic intermediate in an NADPH-dependent manner, presumably via a cascade reactions including the reduction of the lactone carbonyl group, Aldol-type reaction, followed by a spontaneous gamma-lactone ring formation, and aromatization.	Lactones	226-233	2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1	Homo sapiens	136-141
34638747-4	2021	Firstly, in the presence of mPEG as initiator, Sn(Oct)2-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of the alpha-alkynyl functionalized lactone with D,L-lactide or epsilon-caprolactone afforded linear mPEG-polyesters bearing multiple pendant alkynyl groups.	Lactones	130-137	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	47-55
35368048-5	2022	In the present study we demonstrate that another hit from this screen, the steroidal lactone withaferin A (WFA), induces rapid ablation of c-MYB protein and consequent inhibition of c-MYB target gene expression, loss of leukemia cell viability, reduced colony formation and impaired disease progression.	Lactones	85-92	MYB proto-oncogene, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	139-144
34506728-4	2022	Intriguingly, the interaction of lactone-vitamin D3 with HADHA does not affect the HADHA enzymatic activity but instead limits biosynthesis of carnitine, an endogenous metabolite required for the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria for beta-oxidation.	Lactones	33-40	hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	57-62
34506728-5	2022	Lactone-vitamin D3 dissociates the protein-protein interaction of HADHA with trimethyllysine dioxygenase (TMLD), thereby impairing the TMLD enzyme activity essential in carnitine biosynthesis.	Lactones	0-7	hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	66-71
34506728-5	2022	Lactone-vitamin D3 dissociates the protein-protein interaction of HADHA with trimethyllysine dioxygenase (TMLD), thereby impairing the TMLD enzyme activity essential in carnitine biosynthesis.	Lactones	0-7	trimethyllysine hydroxylase, epsilon	Homo sapiens	77-104
34506728-5	2022	Lactone-vitamin D3 dissociates the protein-protein interaction of HADHA with trimethyllysine dioxygenase (TMLD), thereby impairing the TMLD enzyme activity essential in carnitine biosynthesis.	Lactones	0-7	trimethyllysine hydroxylase, epsilon	Homo sapiens	106-110
34506728-5	2022	Lactone-vitamin D3 dissociates the protein-protein interaction of HADHA with trimethyllysine dioxygenase (TMLD), thereby impairing the TMLD enzyme activity essential in carnitine biosynthesis.	Lactones	0-7	trimethyllysine hydroxylase, epsilon	Homo sapiens	135-139
34353270-0	2022	Dehydrocostus Lactone Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest through Regulation of JAK2/STAT3/PLK1 Signaling Pathway in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells.	Lactones	14-21	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	84-88
34353270-0	2022	Dehydrocostus Lactone Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest through Regulation of JAK2/STAT3/PLK1 Signaling Pathway in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells.	Lactones	14-21	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	89-94
34353270-0	2022	Dehydrocostus Lactone Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest through Regulation of JAK2/STAT3/PLK1 Signaling Pathway in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells.	Lactones	14-21	polo like kinase 1	Homo sapiens	95-99
34169111-2	2021	In the canine Mdr1 gene, a nonsense mutation was identified in certain dog breeds causing increased drug sensitivity to various P-gp substrates such as antiparasitic macrocyclic lactones.	Lactones	178-186	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Canis lupus familiaris	14-18
34169111-2	2021	In the canine Mdr1 gene, a nonsense mutation was identified in certain dog breeds causing increased drug sensitivity to various P-gp substrates such as antiparasitic macrocyclic lactones.	Lactones	178-186	PGP	Canis lupus familiaris	128-132
34909681-9	2021	Twenty butanolide lactones structurally close to ObB were screened for BAF1 binding.	Lactones	18-26	BAF nuclear assembly factor 1	Homo sapiens	71-75
35368048-5	2022	In the present study we demonstrate that another hit from this screen, the steroidal lactone withaferin A (WFA), induces rapid ablation of c-MYB protein and consequent inhibition of c-MYB target gene expression, loss of leukemia cell viability, reduced colony formation and impaired disease progression.	Lactones	85-92	MYB proto-oncogene, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	182-187
35596971-0	2022	Computational studies evidenced the potential of steroidal lactone to disrupt surface interaction of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and hACE2.	Lactones	59-66	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	112-117
35623504-13	2022	Quantitative proteomics results indicated that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of these lactones was associated with the NF-kappaB/MAPK and Nrf2-Hmox-1 pathways.	Lactones	88-96	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	121-130
35623504-13	2022	Quantitative proteomics results indicated that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of these lactones was associated with the NF-kappaB/MAPK and Nrf2-Hmox-1 pathways.	Lactones	88-96	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	140-144
35623504-13	2022	Quantitative proteomics results indicated that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of these lactones was associated with the NF-kappaB/MAPK and Nrf2-Hmox-1 pathways.	Lactones	88-96	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	145-151
35593957-3	2022	Herein, we developed a ratiometric fluorescent pH probe (TCC) based on a coumarin derivative containing a highly active lactone ring.	Lactones	120-127	sideroflexin 1	Homo sapiens	57-60
35596971-0	2022	Computational studies evidenced the potential of steroidal lactone to disrupt surface interaction of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and hACE2.	Lactones	59-66	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	130-135
35091825-1	2022	Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors are macrocyclic lactone antibiotics derived from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that prevent T lymphocyte activation and B cell differentiation.	Lactones	66-73	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	0-31
35060702-5	2022	The NicX-catalyzed pyridine ring degradation contains three parts, including the attack of Fe(II)-superoxo on the activated pyridine ring, the dissociation of the Op-Od bond, and the ring-opening of the seven-membered-ring lactone.	Lactones	223-230	2,5-dihydroxypyridine 5,6-dioxygenase	Pseudomonas putida KT2440	4-8
35482605-0	2022	Quantitative Analysis of Lactone Enantiomers in Butter and Margarine through the Combination of Solvent Extraction and Enantioselective Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.	Lactones	25-32	gastrin	Homo sapiens	136-139
35321327-0	2022	Dehydrocostus Lactone Suppresses Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis by Targeting the IKKalpha/beta-NF-kappaB and Keap1-Nrf2 Signalling Pathways.	Lactones	14-21	conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase	Mus musculus	89-102
35321327-0	2022	Dehydrocostus Lactone Suppresses Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis by Targeting the IKKalpha/beta-NF-kappaB and Keap1-Nrf2 Signalling Pathways.	Lactones	14-21	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	103-112
35321327-0	2022	Dehydrocostus Lactone Suppresses Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis by Targeting the IKKalpha/beta-NF-kappaB and Keap1-Nrf2 Signalling Pathways.	Lactones	14-21	kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1	Mus musculus	117-122
35321327-0	2022	Dehydrocostus Lactone Suppresses Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis by Targeting the IKKalpha/beta-NF-kappaB and Keap1-Nrf2 Signalling Pathways.	Lactones	14-21	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	123-127
35091825-1	2022	Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors are macrocyclic lactone antibiotics derived from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that prevent T lymphocyte activation and B cell differentiation.	Lactones	66-73	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	33-37
3668254-6	1987	A comparative immunization of BALB/c mice with GM3 and GM3 lactone showed that GM3 lactone is a much stronger immunogen than GM3, although the antibody elicited reacts with both GM3 and its lactone.	Lactones	59-66	granulocyte macrophage antigen 3	Mus musculus	55-58
2605681-2	1989	Six-membered lactone and tetrahydropyran analogues of platelet-activating factor (PAF), 4-11, and related antagonistic derivatives 41-46 were synthesized.	Lactones	13-20	PCNA clamp associated factor	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
2914959-1	1989	Structure of two types of GD3 lactones and their reactivity with monoclonal antibody R24.	Lactones	30-38	GRDX	Homo sapiens	26-29
2914959-2	1989	Ganglioside GD3 was converted at room temperature to two stable lactones, denoted as GD3 lactones I and II.	Lactones	64-72	GRDX	Homo sapiens	12-15
2914959-2	1989	Ganglioside GD3 was converted at room temperature to two stable lactones, denoted as GD3 lactones I and II.	Lactones	64-72	GRDX	Homo sapiens	85-88
2914959-3	1989	The reaction sequence was presumed to be GD3----GD3 lactone I----GD3 lactone II based on the time course of their production.	Lactones	52-59	GRDX	Homo sapiens	41-44
2914959-3	1989	The reaction sequence was presumed to be GD3----GD3 lactone I----GD3 lactone II based on the time course of their production.	Lactones	52-59	GRDX	Homo sapiens	48-51
2914959-3	1989	The reaction sequence was presumed to be GD3----GD3 lactone I----GD3 lactone II based on the time course of their production.	Lactones	52-59	GRDX	Homo sapiens	48-51
2914959-3	1989	The reaction sequence was presumed to be GD3----GD3 lactone I----GD3 lactone II based on the time course of their production.	Lactones	69-76	GRDX	Homo sapiens	41-44
2914959-3	1989	The reaction sequence was presumed to be GD3----GD3 lactone I----GD3 lactone II based on the time course of their production.	Lactones	69-76	GRDX	Homo sapiens	48-51
2914959-3	1989	The reaction sequence was presumed to be GD3----GD3 lactone I----GD3 lactone II based on the time course of their production.	Lactones	69-76	GRDX	Homo sapiens	48-51
2914959-13	1989	R24 was found to bind weakly to GD3 lactone I, but not to GD3 lactone II.	Lactones	36-43	GRDX	Homo sapiens	32-35
35575917-8	2022	Another enzyme associated with HDL is human paraoxonase, calcium-, PON1-, PON2-, and PON3-dependent lactone enzyme with catalytic activity, including reversible binding to substrates.	Lactones	100-107	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	67-71
35575917-8	2022	Another enzyme associated with HDL is human paraoxonase, calcium-, PON1-, PON2-, and PON3-dependent lactone enzyme with catalytic activity, including reversible binding to substrates.	Lactones	100-107	paraoxonase 2	Homo sapiens	74-78
35575917-8	2022	Another enzyme associated with HDL is human paraoxonase, calcium-, PON1-, PON2-, and PON3-dependent lactone enzyme with catalytic activity, including reversible binding to substrates.	Lactones	100-107	paraoxonase 3	Homo sapiens	85-89
3668254-6	1987	A comparative immunization of BALB/c mice with GM3 and GM3 lactone showed that GM3 lactone is a much stronger immunogen than GM3, although the antibody elicited reacts with both GM3 and its lactone.	Lactones	59-66	granulocyte macrophage antigen 3	Mus musculus	55-58
3668254-6	1987	A comparative immunization of BALB/c mice with GM3 and GM3 lactone showed that GM3 lactone is a much stronger immunogen than GM3, although the antibody elicited reacts with both GM3 and its lactone.	Lactones	59-66	granulocyte macrophage antigen 3	Mus musculus	55-58
3668254-6	1987	A comparative immunization of BALB/c mice with GM3 and GM3 lactone showed that GM3 lactone is a much stronger immunogen than GM3, although the antibody elicited reacts with both GM3 and its lactone.	Lactones	59-66	granulocyte macrophage antigen 3	Mus musculus	55-58
3810700-7	1986	In particular, 2-D nmr COSY 45 experiments, affording full 1H line assignments, have rigorously established the "natural" beta (axial) configuration of the C-10 hydrogen in the 19-nor lactones 5a and 8, and therefore also in the related 4a, 6a and 19-noraldosterone 7.	Lactones	184-192	homeobox C10	Homo sapiens	156-160
3954969-5	1986	A method for measuring 6-phosphogluconolactonase (6-PGL) using the gamma-lactone as substrate has been developed, after defining conditions under which spontaneous hydrolysis of the lactone is relatively slow and the enzymatic velocity is relatively rapid.	Lactones	73-80	6-phosphogluconolactonase	Homo sapiens	23-48
3954969-5	1986	A method for measuring 6-phosphogluconolactonase (6-PGL) using the gamma-lactone as substrate has been developed, after defining conditions under which spontaneous hydrolysis of the lactone is relatively slow and the enzymatic velocity is relatively rapid.	Lactones	73-80	6-phosphogluconolactonase	Homo sapiens	50-55
3109465-1	1987	Various sugars and their lactones were tested for their inhibition of beta-galactosidase (Escherichia coli).	Lactones	25-33	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	70-88
3109465-10	1987	Inhibition of beta-galactosidases from mammalian sources by lactones has been reported previously, but this is the first report of the effect of beta-galactosidase from E. coli.	Lactones	60-68	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	14-32
3109465-11	1987	Since furanoses in the envelope form are analogous (in some ways) to half-chair or sofa conformations and since lactones with six-membered rings probably have half-chair or sofa conformations, the results indicate that beta-galactosidase probably destabilizes its substrate into a planar conformation of some type and that the galactose in the transition state may, therefore, also be quite planar.	Lactones	112-120	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	219-237
3779687-4	1986	The first product of oxidation was a lactone that was a strong inhibitor of beta-D-glucuronidase and assumed to be D-glucaro-1,5-lactone.	Lactones	37-44	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	76-96
3711719-9	1986	Glucose-6-phosphate was found to be a competitive inhibitor with both lactones in the reverse G-6-PD reaction.	Lactones	70-78	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	94-100
6302244-3	1983	This finding, together with X-ray crystallographic data from a separate study on the minor epimer, establishes the C20 configuration of the minor epimer as S and of the major epimer as R. NMR evidence indicates that the average lactone rotamer for the minor epimer has the C22 position located on the C12 side of the steroid nucleus, whereas the average lactone rotamer for the major epimer has the C21 position located on the C12 side of the steroid nucleus.	Lactones	228-235	TBL1X/Y related 1	Homo sapiens	399-402
4042328-2	1985	We have synthesized a novel digoxin/bovine serum albumin conjugate via reductive ozonolysis of the lactone ring such that the carbohydrate moiety of digoxin remains intact.	Lactones	99-106	albumin	Homo sapiens	43-56
2991154-1	1985	The last step in the semisynthesis of horse cytochrome c analogues (formation of the bond 65-66) requires the conformation of the complex between two complementary fragments, (1-65) lactone and (66-104).	Lactones	182-189	cytochrome c, somatic	Equus caballus	44-56
3001693-2	1985	The largest fragment, [Hse65]cytochrome c-(1-65)-pentahexacontapeptide lactone, was used in condensations involving four analogues of the complementary cytochrome c-(66-104)-nonatriacontapeptide.	Lactones	71-78	cytochrome c, somatic	Equus caballus	29-41
3001693-2	1985	The largest fragment, [Hse65]cytochrome c-(1-65)-pentahexacontapeptide lactone, was used in condensations involving four analogues of the complementary cytochrome c-(66-104)-nonatriacontapeptide.	Lactones	71-78	cytochrome c, somatic	Equus caballus	152-164
3932573-2	1985	Because this lactone is very unstable, it has been uncertain whether the enzyme that hydrolyzes it, 6-phosphogluconolactonase, is required for functioning of the hexose monophosphate pathway.	Lactones	13-20	6-phosphogluconolactonase	Homo sapiens	100-125
30913587-3	1983	The product"s intense fluorescence, identical in color to that of aflatoxins B1 and B2, supported the conclusion that the lactone of aflatoxin B1 was not opened by bisulfite and that the reaction took place at some other location on the aflatoxin B1 molecule.	Lactones	122-129	Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9	Homo sapiens	77-86
994152-1	1976	The synthesis for the title lactone 2, designed to be an antagonist of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase (E.C.1.1.1.34), is described.	Lactones	28-35	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Rattus norvegicus	82-99
34021233-2	2021	Previously we reported that the plant-derived steroidal lactone Withaferin A (WA) can protect islet grafts by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB).	Lactones	56-63	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	121-143
5289931-0	1971	Synthesis of an actinomycin analog with substituted lactone oxygens (1",1"-bis(L-,-diaminopropionic acid))-actinomycin C (C 1).	Lactones	52-59	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	122-125
5965340-3	1966	d-Glucuronolactone was converted into d-glucaro-(1-->4)-lactone, a beta-glucuronidase inhibitor, probably via the intermediate d-glucaro-(1-->4)-(6-->3)-dilactone, by a dehydrogenase in human-liver extracts.	Lactones	58-66	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	70-88
34021233-2	2021	Previously we reported that the plant-derived steroidal lactone Withaferin A (WA) can protect islet grafts by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB).	Lactones	56-63	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	145-154
33830776-2	2021	Density functional theory calculations reveal that electrostatic interactions between the oxidant leaving group and the lactone motif accounts for a reversal of selectivity with H2O2/H3O+ compared to peracids.	Lactones	120-127	H3 clustered histone 15	Homo sapiens	183-186
33283957-2	2021	The macrocyclic lactone abamectin primarily targets GluCl and is commonly used to control the spider mite Tetranychus urticae, an economically important crop pest.	Lactones	16-23	glutamate-gated chloride channel-like	Tetranychus urticae	52-57
33838457-3	2021	The aim of this work was to determine the role of eprinomectin, a macrocyclic lactone (ML) member of avermectin class, as inhibitor of ABCG2.	Lactones	78-85	broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Ovis aries	135-140
33935734-0	2021	Dehydrocostus Lactone Attenuates the Senescence of Nucleus Pulposus Cells and Ameliorates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration via Inhibition of STING-TBK1/NF-kappaB and MAPK Signaling.	Lactones	14-21	TANK-binding kinase 1	Mus musculus	147-151
33935734-0	2021	Dehydrocostus Lactone Attenuates the Senescence of Nucleus Pulposus Cells and Ameliorates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration via Inhibition of STING-TBK1/NF-kappaB and MAPK Signaling.	Lactones	14-21	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	152-161
33125824-7	2021	The limits of detection (LOD) for the lactone and carboxylate forms in plasma were found to be 0.44 ng mL-1 and 0.28 ng mL-1 , respectively.	Lactones	38-45	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	103-107
33125824-7	2021	The limits of detection (LOD) for the lactone and carboxylate forms in plasma were found to be 0.44 ng mL-1 and 0.28 ng mL-1 , respectively.	Lactones	38-45	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	120-124
33618562-0	2021	Clathriolide from marine demosponge Clathria (Thalysias) vulpina (Lamarck, 1814): previously undescribed macrocylic lactone with attenuating potential against angiotensin converting enzyme.	Lactones	116-123	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	159-188
33576220-4	2021	Interestingly, NQO1 reacts with trimethyl-locked quinone propionic acid (QPA) and produces a lactone-based group via intramolecular cyclization.	Lactones	93-100	NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	15-19
33618562-2	2021	Chemical investigation of angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitors from marine demospongiae Clathria (Thalysias) vulpina (family Microcionidae), resulted in a previously undescribed 22-membered macrocyclic lactone derivative, named as clathriolide.	Lactones	208-215	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	26-57
33239169-0	2021	Sweet scent lactones activate hot capsaicin receptor, TRPV1.	Lactones	12-20	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	34-52
33531346-10	2021	While not required for glucose transport, the PON2 lactonase moiety hydrolyzes the lactone-prodrug 3OC12 to form a cytotoxic intermediate.	Lactones	83-90	paraoxonase 2	Homo sapiens	46-50
33562328-1	2021	PON1, PON2, and PON3 belong to a family of lactone hydrolyzing enzymes endowed with various substrate specificities.	Lactones	43-50	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
33562328-1	2021	PON1, PON2, and PON3 belong to a family of lactone hydrolyzing enzymes endowed with various substrate specificities.	Lactones	43-50	paraoxonase 2	Homo sapiens	6-10
33562328-1	2021	PON1, PON2, and PON3 belong to a family of lactone hydrolyzing enzymes endowed with various substrate specificities.	Lactones	43-50	paraoxonase 3	Homo sapiens	16-20
33341662-1	2021	The inhibition of CYP2C9-mediated warfarin metabolism by acid or lactone forms of statin converted in the body and effects of CYP2C9 genetic variants on their inhibition are not fully understood.	Lactones	65-72	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9	Homo sapiens	18-24
33341662-7	2021	These results indicated that lactone forms of statins other than fluvastatin showed more potent inhibition of CYP2C9-catalyzed S-warfarin 7-hydroxylation than the corresponding acid forms.	Lactones	29-36	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9	Homo sapiens	110-116
33239169-1	2021	In this study, we investigated the activation of Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1, TRPV1, by lactones, a representative flavor ingredient currently used for foods and beverages.	Lactones	109-117	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	99-104
33239169-2	2021	As a result, we found that some lactones having C4 acyl chain length, gamma-octalactone, delta-nonalactone and beta-methyl-gamma-octalactone, gamma-undecalactone with C7 acyl chain length and delta-undecalactone with C6 acyl chain length activated TRPV1.	Lactones	32-40	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	248-253
33239169-5	2021	Thus, lactones that function as TRPV1 agonists are thought to be important candidates for decreasing the risks of developing a metabolic syndrome.	Lactones	6-14	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	32-37
33239169-0	2021	Sweet scent lactones activate hot capsaicin receptor, TRPV1.	Lactones	12-20	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	54-59
32763520-0	2020	Stomopneulactone D from long-spined sea urchin Stomopneustes variolaris: Anti-inflammatory macrocylic lactone attenuates cyclooxygenase-2 expression in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages.	Lactones	9-16	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	121-137
33289376-0	2021	Quinoline-Fused Lactones via Tandem Oxidation Cyclization: Metal-Free sp3 C-H Functionalization.	Lactones	16-24	Sp3 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	70-73
33306925-12	2021	To the best of our knowledge, this is the first multi-omics analysis of PON1 lactonase activity with an eye to future applications in basic life sciences and translational medicine and the nuances of critically interpreting PON1 function with lactones as substrates.	Lactones	243-251	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
33306925-12	2021	To the best of our knowledge, this is the first multi-omics analysis of PON1 lactonase activity with an eye to future applications in basic life sciences and translational medicine and the nuances of critically interpreting PON1 function with lactones as substrates.	Lactones	243-251	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	224-228
33295884-4	2020	Methods: Muscle cells were exposed separately to lactone- and acid-form simvastatin for 48 h. After pre-exposure, glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis were measured using radioactive tracers; insulin signalling was detected with Western blotting; and glycolysis, mitochondrial oxygen consumption and ATP production were measured with Seahorse XFe96 analyzer.	Lactones	49-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	193-200
33295884-6	2020	Phosphorylation of insulin signalling targets Akt substrate 160 kDa (AS160) and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) was upregulated with lactone-, but not with acid-form simvastatin.	Lactones	143-150	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
33295884-6	2020	Phosphorylation of insulin signalling targets Akt substrate 160 kDa (AS160) and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) was upregulated with lactone-, but not with acid-form simvastatin.	Lactones	143-150	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	46-49
33295884-6	2020	Phosphorylation of insulin signalling targets Akt substrate 160 kDa (AS160) and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) was upregulated with lactone-, but not with acid-form simvastatin.	Lactones	143-150	TBC1 domain family member 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
33295884-6	2020	Phosphorylation of insulin signalling targets Akt substrate 160 kDa (AS160) and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) was upregulated with lactone-, but not with acid-form simvastatin.	Lactones	143-150	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	80-110
33295884-6	2020	Phosphorylation of insulin signalling targets Akt substrate 160 kDa (AS160) and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) was upregulated with lactone-, but not with acid-form simvastatin.	Lactones	143-150	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	112-120
33295884-8	2020	Conclusions: These data suggest that lactone- and acid-forms of simvastatin exhibit differential effects on non-oxidative glucose metabolism as lactone-form increases and acid-form impairs glucose storage into glycogen, suggesting impaired insulin sensitivity in response to acid-form simvastatin.	Lactones	37-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	240-247
33149623-3	2020	Rapamycin is a new type macrocyclic lactone, which can inhibit the serine/threonine protein kinase mTOR.	Lactones	36-43	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	99-103
32763520-9	2020	Additionally, the studied macrocyclic lactone decreased the mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in the inflammatory cells in dose-dependent manner, which demonstrated the therapeutic potential of stomopneulactone D in down-regulating the inflammatory pathogenesis.	Lactones	38-45	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	79-95
31964469-0	2020	Dehydrocostus lactone inhibits NFATc1 via regulation of IKK, JNK, and Nrf2, thereby attenuating osteoclastogenesis.	Lactones	14-21	nuclear factor of activated T cells 1	Homo sapiens	31-37
32454055-0	2020	Eprinomectin, a novel avermectin macrocylic lactone is cytotoxic to PC3 metastatic prostate cancer cells via inducing apoptosis.	Lactones	44-51	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Homo sapiens	68-71
32573211-4	2020	A series of strong bond (C-C and C-H) cleavages convert the C5 gem-dimethyl group to the C15 lactone of PXN.	Lactones	93-100	paxillin	Homo sapiens	104-107
32319208-0	2020	Dehydrocostus lactone inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by PI3K/Akt/Bad and ERS signalling pathway in human laryngeal carcinoma.	Lactones	14-21	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	80-83
32364322-1	2020	The heterofunctional lactone furo[3,4-b]pyridin-5(7H)-one (L1 ) undergoes a coordination-induced ring-opening reaction with Zn(NO3 )2    6H2 O to yield the zwitterionic [Zn(L1 ")2 (H2 O)2 ] (1, L1 "=2-(hydroxymethyl)nicotinate) with an uncoordinated carboxylate.	Lactones	21-28	ribosomal L1 domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	173-187
31697432-5	2020	Differential scanning fluorimetry demonstrates that YjhC binds N-acetylneuraminic acid and its lactone variant, along with NAD(H), which is consistent with its role as an oxidoreductase.	Lactones	95-102	oxidoreductase	Escherichia coli	171-185
31964469-0	2020	Dehydrocostus lactone inhibits NFATc1 via regulation of IKK, JNK, and Nrf2, thereby attenuating osteoclastogenesis.	Lactones	14-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	61-64
31964469-0	2020	Dehydrocostus lactone inhibits NFATc1 via regulation of IKK, JNK, and Nrf2, thereby attenuating osteoclastogenesis.	Lactones	14-21	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	70-74
31964469-3	2020	We recently reported that dehydrocostus lactone (DL) inhibits osteoclast differentiation by regulating a nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), but the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated.	Lactones	40-47	nuclear factor of activated T cells 1	Homo sapiens	105-155
31964469-3	2020	We recently reported that dehydrocostus lactone (DL) inhibits osteoclast differentiation by regulating a nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), but the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated.	Lactones	40-47	nuclear factor of activated T cells 1	Homo sapiens	157-163