PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
24299779-3	2014	The sulfate groups are located principally on C-2 of beta-d-galactopyranose and 4,6-O-(1"-carboxyethylidene)-beta-d-galactopyranose residues and on C-6 of alpha-galactose residues.	beta-D-galactose	53-75	complement C2	Homo sapiens	46-49
24252851-8	2014	This is especially true for galectin-1, a beta-galactose-binding lectin that mediates tumor invasion and metastasis.	beta-D-galactose	42-56	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	28-38
24313322-2	2014	The interaction of such nanoparticles with beta-d-galactose-recognizing lectins peanut agglutinin (PNA) and human galectin-3 (Gal-3) was demonstrated by UV-vis studies.	beta-D-galactose	43-59	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	114-124
24313322-2	2014	The interaction of such nanoparticles with beta-d-galactose-recognizing lectins peanut agglutinin (PNA) and human galectin-3 (Gal-3) was demonstrated by UV-vis studies.	beta-D-galactose	43-59	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	126-131
24380309-8	2013	Compared with the aging group of the same generation, Rg1 -treated aging group and Rg1 anti-aging group showed higher 30-day survival rate and WBC, HCT, PLT and CFU-Mix, and lower cell ratio in Sca-1 (+) HSC/HPC G0/G1 stage and positive rate of SA-beta-gal staining.	beta-D-galactose	248-256	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3A	Mus musculus	54-57
23852369-2	2013	Hyperexpression of cyclin D1 is a universal marker of senescence along with hypertrophy, beta-Gal staining and loss of replicative/regenerative potential (RP), namely, the ability to restart proliferation when the cell cycle is released.	beta-D-galactose	89-97	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	19-28
24380309-8	2013	Compared with the aging group of the same generation, Rg1 -treated aging group and Rg1 anti-aging group showed higher 30-day survival rate and WBC, HCT, PLT and CFU-Mix, and lower cell ratio in Sca-1 (+) HSC/HPC G0/G1 stage and positive rate of SA-beta-gal staining.	beta-D-galactose	248-256	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3A	Mus musculus	83-86
22187379-8	2012	We found that the diabetic mice receiving NGF gene transfer via either AAV2 or AAV9 were spared the progressive deterioration of cardiac function and left ventricular chamber dilatation observed in beta-Gal-injected diabetic mice.	beta-D-galactose	198-206	nerve growth factor	Mus musculus	42-45
23583271-12	2013	In HepG2 cells, FFA induced the accumulation of beta-gal, which was dramatically suppressed by IGF-1 knockdown.	beta-D-galactose	48-56	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	95-100
23583271-13	2013	Importantly, inhibiting autophagy using 3-methyladenine mitigated IGF-1 knockdown-induced preservation of autophagic vacuole formation and inhibition of beta-gal accumulation in the presence of FFA in HepG2 cells.	beta-D-galactose	153-161	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	66-71
23719597-7	2013	RESULTS: The knockdown of Cdkn1a significantly attenuated the growth-inhibitory effect of doxorubicin and strongly diminished the portion of SA beta-Gal-positive cells.	beta-D-galactose	144-152	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	26-32
23391334-2	2013	Following this idea, we have designed, synthesized, and characterized a series of beta-d-galactosides conjugated with various chelators and demonstrated the feasibility of this concept for assessing beta-gal activity in solution by (1)H-MRI T1 and T2 relaxation mapping.	beta-D-galactose	82-101	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	199-207
23000969-6	2012	Immunohistochemical analysis showed nuclear beta-gal staining in clusters of mammary cells in WAP-Shh/Ptch1-lacZ bitransgenic mice.	beta-D-galactose	44-52	whey acidic protein	Mus musculus	94-97
23000969-6	2012	Immunohistochemical analysis showed nuclear beta-gal staining in clusters of mammary cells in WAP-Shh/Ptch1-lacZ bitransgenic mice.	beta-D-galactose	44-52	sonic hedgehog	Mus musculus	98-101
23000969-6	2012	Immunohistochemical analysis showed nuclear beta-gal staining in clusters of mammary cells in WAP-Shh/Ptch1-lacZ bitransgenic mice.	beta-D-galactose	44-52	patched 1	Mus musculus	102-107
22865279-1	2012	Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a member of a family of endogenous beta-galactose-binding proteins with a role in preventing autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation.	beta-D-galactose	57-71	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 1	Mus musculus	0-10
22865279-1	2012	Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a member of a family of endogenous beta-galactose-binding proteins with a role in preventing autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation.	beta-D-galactose	57-71	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 1	Mus musculus	12-17
23115978-1	2012	OBJECTIVE: In order to compare the infection of HIV-1 pseudovirus to suspended and adherent cells, Tzmbl cells containing beta-gal (beta-galactosidase) reporter gene were used here to do the analysis.	beta-D-galactose	122-130	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	132-150
22350182-5	2012	Compared with the 8-MOP/UVA treatment group, we found that the irradiated fibroblasts pretreated with ginsenoside Rg1 demonstrated a decrease in the expression of SA-beta-gal, a downregulation in the level of senescence-associated proteins, and a deceleration in telomere shortening.	beta-D-galactose	166-174	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A	Homo sapiens	114-117
23023811-7	2013	The TOPgal mouse experiment further confirmed BDNF-triggered Wnt signaling activation by beta-gal labeling.	beta-D-galactose	89-97	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	46-50
22860097-4	2012	Our results show that activation of the p14ARF-p53-p21-Rb pathway in the estrogen sensitive MCF-7 breast cancer cells induces many hallmarks of senescence including a large flat cell morphology, multinucleation, senescence-associated-beta-gal staining, and rapid G1 and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest.	beta-D-galactose	234-242	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	40-46
22860097-4	2012	Our results show that activation of the p14ARF-p53-p21-Rb pathway in the estrogen sensitive MCF-7 breast cancer cells induces many hallmarks of senescence including a large flat cell morphology, multinucleation, senescence-associated-beta-gal staining, and rapid G1 and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest.	beta-D-galactose	234-242	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	47-50
22860097-4	2012	Our results show that activation of the p14ARF-p53-p21-Rb pathway in the estrogen sensitive MCF-7 breast cancer cells induces many hallmarks of senescence including a large flat cell morphology, multinucleation, senescence-associated-beta-gal staining, and rapid G1 and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest.	beta-D-galactose	234-242	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	51-54
22032700-10	2012	The positive rate of SA-beta-gal staining was increased; the telomere length was shortened; and the expressions of p16 and p21 were increased.	beta-D-galactose	24-32	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	115-118
21764698-2	2011	METHODS: HUVECs cultured in vitro were stimulated with 1x10(-6) mmol/L AngII to induce cell senescence, which was identified using beta-gal staining.	beta-D-galactose	131-139	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	71-76
21712047-8	2011	Ad5-mediated transgene expression was measured by beta-gal staining.	beta-D-galactose	50-58	Alzheimer disease, familial, type 5	Homo sapiens	0-3
21764698-5	2011	RESULTS: Compared with the control cells, the cells positive for beta-gal staining was significantly increased in AngII group, and showed cell cycle arrest at G(0)/G(1) phase with decreased S-phase cell percentage and cell viability.	beta-D-galactose	65-73	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	114-119
21764698-7	2011	LBP treatment of AngII-exposed cells resulted in decreased beta-gal-positive cells with a reduction in G(0)/G(1) phase cells and an increase in S phase cells.	beta-D-galactose	59-67	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	17-22
20496884-4	2010	Here we show that a family 35 CBM member (CBM35), designated CtCBM35-Gal, binds to alpha-D-galactose (Gal) and, within the context of the plant cell wall, targets the alpha-1,6-Gal residues of galactomannan but not the beta-D-Gal residues in xyloglucan.	beta-D-galactose	219-229	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	83-106
21081134-12	2011	Intimal cross-sectional area (CSA) of p15(Ink4)-treated group was significantly lower than the beta-gal treated and non-transduced groups (p=0.008).	beta-D-galactose	95-103	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2B	Homo sapiens	38-41
19621373-3	2009	Baseline separations of all enantiomers were achieved using both beta-D-glucose and beta-D-galactose derivates that have an equatorially oriented hydroxy group at C-2 position.	beta-D-galactose	84-100	complement C2	Homo sapiens	163-166
19810737-4	2009	The acceptors with an alpha-D-Man, beta-D-Gal, or beta-D-Glc at O-3 reacted promptly.	beta-D-galactose	35-45	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-38 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	64-67
19810737-6	2009	Systematic searches carried out on the disaccharide acceptors and trisaccharide products carrying either a peracetylated beta-D-Gal or beta-L-Fuc at O-3 of the glucosamine residue suggest that, for these two acceptors, a conformational reorientation necessary around the fucosidic linkage contributes to the lower reactivity of the beta-fucosylated acceptor.	beta-D-galactose	121-131	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-38 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	149-152
20590846-10	2010	At 12 months of age, SMP30-knockout mice had clearly visible deposits of lipofuscin and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-GAL) in their renal tubular epithelia.	beta-D-galactose	133-141	regucalcin	Mus musculus	21-26
20199127-7	2010	The reporter plasmid under the control of the uPAR promoter (PUCUPARLacZ) had the ability to express beta-gal in colon cancer cells (human colon adenocarcinoma [SW480] and human colorectal carcinoma [HCT116] cell lines), while it could not express beta-gal in nontransformed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and normal colon cells.	beta-D-galactose	101-109	plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	Homo sapiens	46-50
20199127-7	2010	The reporter plasmid under the control of the uPAR promoter (PUCUPARLacZ) had the ability to express beta-gal in colon cancer cells (human colon adenocarcinoma [SW480] and human colorectal carcinoma [HCT116] cell lines), while it could not express beta-gal in nontransformed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and normal colon cells.	beta-D-galactose	248-256	plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	Homo sapiens	46-50
19885826-6	2010	Moreover, compared to the rats treated with Ade-beta-gal, the rats treated with Ade-COMP-Ang1 showed an increase in blood vessels, especially in the border zone adjacent to the infarction, increased number of endogenous neuronal progenitor cells in the ischemic brain, and decreased number of TUNEL-positive cells.	beta-D-galactose	48-56	angiopoietin 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-93
19073881-2	2009	The addition of beta-Gal to GalNAc by the UDP-Gal:glycoprotein-alpha-GalNAc beta 3 galactosyltransferase (T-synthase), forming the Core 1 structure (beta-Gal(1-3)-alpha-GalNAc-O-Ser/Thr), is a common and biologically significant subsequent step in O-glycan biosynthesis.	beta-D-galactose	16-24	core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	106-116
19073881-2	2009	The addition of beta-Gal to GalNAc by the UDP-Gal:glycoprotein-alpha-GalNAc beta 3 galactosyltransferase (T-synthase), forming the Core 1 structure (beta-Gal(1-3)-alpha-GalNAc-O-Ser/Thr), is a common and biologically significant subsequent step in O-glycan biosynthesis.	beta-D-galactose	149-157	core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	106-116
18442838-3	2008	Interestingly, mutant P718T in replicase nsp2 subunit was able to replicate in only a small percentage of BHK cells, producing beta-gal-expressing colonies without selection.	beta-D-galactose	127-135	reticulon 2	Homo sapiens	41-45
18481296-3	2008	Senescent cells were characterized using the senescence-associated-beta-galactosidase marker (SA-beta-Gal marker) by staining with chromogenic substrate (X-Gal) to produce blue coloration of SA-beta-Gal-positive cells and microscopy analysis.	beta-D-galactose	97-105	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	67-85
18581104-3	2008	Furthermore, we successfully demonstrated an enzyme reaction in which the fluorogenic substrate TokyoGreen-beta-galactoside (TG-beta-gal) was hydrolyzed to the fluorescein derivative TokyoGreen (TG) and beta-galactose by the action of beta-galactosidase enzyme as a calalyst in a Y-shaped extended nanospace channel.	beta-D-galactose	203-217	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	235-253
19276182-1	2009	Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a beta-galactose-binding lectin; its expression level has been reported to correlate with tumor progression.	beta-D-galactose	24-38	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
19276182-1	2009	Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a beta-galactose-binding lectin; its expression level has been reported to correlate with tumor progression.	beta-D-galactose	24-38	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	12-17
17804819-6	2007	In addition, treatment with IGFBP-5 protein or up-regulation of IGFBP-5 in young cells accelerates cellular senescence, as confirmed by cell proliferation and SA-beta-gal staining.	beta-D-galactose	162-170	insulin like growth factor binding protein 5	Homo sapiens	28-35
18077419-3	2007	Here we show that Runx2-deficient primary osteoblasts fail to undergo senescence as indicated by the absence of beta-gal activity and p16(INK4a) tumor suppressor expression.	beta-D-galactose	112-120	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	18-23
17706954-6	2007	RESULTS: Persistent Ang II (100 nM) stimulation increased SA-beta-gal-stained VSMC and enhanced expression of p21, p53, p16, p27 and Ki-ras2A.	beta-D-galactose	61-69	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	20-26
18664176-3	2008	Substances developed with the specific structure of beta-galactose moieties or their analogues, including chemically modified carbohydrates, functional peptides and modified natural polysaccharide, have been evaluated as potent therapeutic ligands for galectin-3 and showed at different level their ability to interfere with carbohydrate-protein interactions and therefore, inhibit the cell-cell recognition and adhesion processes, which play an important role in tumor growth, progression and metastasis.	beta-D-galactose	52-66	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	252-262
17804819-6	2007	In addition, treatment with IGFBP-5 protein or up-regulation of IGFBP-5 in young cells accelerates cellular senescence, as confirmed by cell proliferation and SA-beta-gal staining.	beta-D-galactose	162-170	insulin like growth factor binding protein 5	Homo sapiens	64-71
16923820-10	2006	Furthermore, we observed that beta-D-galactose and alpha-D-galactose bind weakly to GTB.	beta-D-galactose	30-46	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	84-87
15912368-10	2005	Double immunofluorescent labeling was utilized to characterize which cells showed NF-kappaB activity, and it revealed that all beta-gal-positive cells were colocalized with MAP-2-positive neurons.	beta-D-galactose	127-135	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	82-91
16973123-4	2006	Endo HS also transferred the oligosaccharide of human transferrin to PNP-alpha-d-Glc, PNP-alpha-d-Gal, PNP-beta-d-Gal, PNP-beta-d-Man, PNP-beta-d-Xyl, PNP-beta-d-GlcNAc, and PNP-glycerol at a different rate.	beta-D-galactose	107-117	transferrin	Homo sapiens	54-65
17031043-1	2006	A MUC1 type of glycopeptide was synthesized by the 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) protocol using benzyl and benzylidene-protected beta-D-Gal-(1-->3)-beta-D-GalNAc-Ser/Thr (TF-beta: a stereoisomer of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen).	beta-D-galactose	170-180	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	2-6
16615275-6	2006	In the treatment of H2O2, the ectopic expression of hALP enhanced continuous growth and overcame G2/M arrest as well as decreased senescence-associated beta-gal staining.	beta-D-galactose	152-160	ATHS	Homo sapiens	52-56
16550483-10	2005	Western blots of neuraminidase-treated DEFB126 showed strong recognition with a number of lectins that identify beta-galactose and also lectins that recognize the N-acetylgalactosamine-serine/threonine, the proposed connection site of O-glycosylation.	beta-D-galactose	112-126	beta-defensin 126	Macaca fascicularis	39-46
16553303-2	2006	It was shown that activity of NAG, especially its thermostable isoenzyme NAG B and also beta-GAL in urine of DN patients was higher compare to those in healthy subject.	beta-D-galactose	88-96	N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase	Homo sapiens	30-33
16259919-8	2005	On the contrary, only occasional faint staining for SA-beta-gal activity was observed in aged p21 (-/-) mice at any time.	beta-D-galactose	55-63	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21)	Mus musculus	94-97
15795221-4	2005	Here we report the three-dimensional structure of Gal10p in complex with NAD(+), UDP-glucose, and beta-D-galactose determined to 1.85-A resolution.	beta-D-galactose	98-114	bifunctional UDP-glucose 4-epimerase/aldose 1-epimerase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	50-56
15655109-3	2005	Acute depletion of p400 expression by shRNA (short hairpin RNA) synthesis led to premature senescence of untransformed human fibroblasts, whose features include G1 arrest, p21 induction, senescence-associated heterochromatic foci (SAHF), and beta-gal staining.	beta-D-galactose	242-250	E1A binding protein p400	Homo sapiens	19-23
15983172-5	2005	When compared with the control cells, WI-38 cells transfected with hNaDC3 cDNA showed significant suppression of growth rate (by 40%), increase of positive rate of SA-beta-gal staining, decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, shortening of telomere length, and increase of P16 and P21 expression.	beta-D-galactose	167-175	solute carrier family 13 member 3	Homo sapiens	67-73
15389629-6	2005	Histologic beta-gal stained sections using the Runx1(+/-)-Lac-Z mice demonstrate Runx1 promoter activity in pre-chondrocytic cell populations.	beta-D-galactose	11-19	runt related transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	47-52
15389629-6	2005	Histologic beta-gal stained sections using the Runx1(+/-)-Lac-Z mice demonstrate Runx1 promoter activity in pre-chondrocytic cell populations.	beta-D-galactose	11-19	runt related transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	81-86
15876151-6	2005	We find out that SA-beta-Gal staining is detectable in irradiated ARO xenotransplants, but not in control tumors.	beta-D-galactose	20-28	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	66-69
15620693-1	2005	A new member of the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine: beta-galactose beta1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (beta3Gn-T) family having the beta3-glycosyltransferase motifs was identified using an in silico method.	beta-D-galactose	45-59	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	60-99
15620693-1	2005	A new member of the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine: beta-galactose beta1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (beta3Gn-T) family having the beta3-glycosyltransferase motifs was identified using an in silico method.	beta-D-galactose	45-59	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	101-110
15519190-11	2004	Concerning in vivo hemodynamics IkBalpha-treated hearts showed reduced systolic and diastolic left ventricular dimensions compared to the beta-gal MI-group (systolic 48+/-4 vs. 66+/-3 mm; diastolic 67+/-5 vs. 84+/-6 mm; P<0.01).	beta-D-galactose	138-146	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	32-40
15557376-7	2004	Associated with the development of cardiac hypertrophy, the expression of calcineurin and its downstream transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) c1 was persistently increased by 47% and 36%, respectively (P<0.05) in AS myocytes infected with Ad.beta-gal compared with sham myocytes.	beta-D-galactose	272-280	nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5	Rattus norvegicus	163-167
15528771-3	2004	In addition, in the primary cultured kidney cells, ILK expression was positively correlated with senescence-associated beta-gal positive staining and negatively correlated with cellular proliferation.	beta-D-galactose	119-127	integrin-linked kinase	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
14698884-5	2004	We employed saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR experiments to characterize the binding epitope of alpha-2,3-sialylated lactose, alpha-D-Neu5Ac-(2-->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1-->4)-D-Glc 1 to sialoadhesin at atomic resolution.	beta-D-galactose	160-170	sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 1	Homo sapiens	193-205
15470637-6	2004	The spatial pattern of beta-gal staining was more restricted in bone and in bone marrow stromal cultures established from Col 2.3-Cre;R26R mice.	beta-D-galactose	23-31	collagen, type II, alpha 1	Mus musculus	122-127
15117816-7	2004	Furthermore, a significant loss of endothelial cells was evidenced by beta-gal staining for vein grafts in transgenic mice expressing LacZ gene controlled by TIE2-endothelial specific gene promoter.	beta-D-galactose	70-78	TEK receptor tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	158-162
15026423-1	2004	Galactose mutarotase catalyzes the conversion of beta-d-galactose to alpha-d-galactose during normal galactose metabolism.	beta-D-galactose	49-65	galactose mutarotase	Homo sapiens	0-20
15026423-3	2004	Here we report the x-ray crystallographic analysis of human galactose mutarotase both in the apoform and complexed with its substrate, beta-d-galactose.	beta-D-galactose	135-151	galactose mutarotase	Homo sapiens	60-80
15024070-7	2004	Inhibition of CDK5 attenuates SA-beta-Gal expression and blocks actin polymerization.	beta-D-galactose	33-41	cyclin dependent kinase 5	Homo sapiens	14-18
14512446-6	2003	When wild-type veins were grafted into a chimeric mouse carrying TIE2-LacZ genes in bone marrow cells, a proportion of cells displayed a beta-gal+ staining.	beta-D-galactose	137-145	TEK receptor tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	65-69
14681726-9	2004	In parallel, the combination of adv.AAA and heat treatment reduced PKB kinase activity more so than with either heat or adv.beta-gal alone.	beta-D-galactose	124-132	protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta	Homo sapiens	67-70
12126626-1	2002	Two monoclinic (P2(1)) crystal forms of human serum amyloid P component (SAP) in complex with the 4,6-pyruvate acetal of beta-D-galactose (MObetaDG) were prepared.	beta-D-galactose	121-137	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	16-21
14580871-10	2003	With regard to the in vivo situation, in addition to cellular senescence, TGF-beta could contribute to the increased number of SA-beta-gal positive epithelial cells in BPH.	beta-D-galactose	130-138	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	74-82
12975477-2	2003	Cells of the osteoblast and chondrocyte lineages, as well as bone marrow macrophages, showed intense beta-gal histo- or cytostaining in adult noggin+/- mice that had a LacZ transgene inserted at the site of noggin deletion.	beta-D-galactose	101-109	noggin	Mus musculus	142-148
12810844-8	2003	At the cellular level, the pattern of beta-gal expression in the spleen, thymus, bone, lung, and testes of adult transgenic mice mimicked normal endogenous CSF-1 mRNA expression in non-transgenic littermates detected by in situ hybridization.	beta-D-galactose	38-46	colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	156-161
12655505-6	2003	(GAP-43(+))] OSNs by assessing the expression of the P2 OR subtype via immunostaining for beta-gal and concurrent OMP or GAP-43 expression in P2-IRES-tauLacZ mice.	beta-D-galactose	90-98	growth associated protein 43	Mus musculus	1-7
12615972-4	2003	This interaction is demonstrated (1) to depend on beta-galactose-terminated, O-linked oligosaccharide chains of CA125, (2) to be preferential for galectin-1 versus galectin-3 and (3) to be regulated by the cellular background in which CA125 is expressed.	beta-D-galactose	50-64	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	112-117
12615972-4	2003	This interaction is demonstrated (1) to depend on beta-galactose-terminated, O-linked oligosaccharide chains of CA125, (2) to be preferential for galectin-1 versus galectin-3 and (3) to be regulated by the cellular background in which CA125 is expressed.	beta-D-galactose	50-64	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	146-156
12615972-4	2003	This interaction is demonstrated (1) to depend on beta-galactose-terminated, O-linked oligosaccharide chains of CA125, (2) to be preferential for galectin-1 versus galectin-3 and (3) to be regulated by the cellular background in which CA125 is expressed.	beta-D-galactose	50-64	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	164-174
12615972-4	2003	This interaction is demonstrated (1) to depend on beta-galactose-terminated, O-linked oligosaccharide chains of CA125, (2) to be preferential for galectin-1 versus galectin-3 and (3) to be regulated by the cellular background in which CA125 is expressed.	beta-D-galactose	50-64	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	235-240
12126626-1	2002	Two monoclinic (P2(1)) crystal forms of human serum amyloid P component (SAP) in complex with the 4,6-pyruvate acetal of beta-D-galactose (MObetaDG) were prepared.	beta-D-galactose	121-137	amyloid P component, serum	Homo sapiens	46-71
12126626-1	2002	Two monoclinic (P2(1)) crystal forms of human serum amyloid P component (SAP) in complex with the 4,6-pyruvate acetal of beta-D-galactose (MObetaDG) were prepared.	beta-D-galactose	121-137	amyloid P component, serum	Homo sapiens	73-76
11971864-5	2002	The substitution at the C-2 and C-3 position of beta-galactose in these oligosaccharides with alpha-fucose, alpha-GalNAc, alpha-Neu5Ac, or sulfate increased the binding ability for galectin-3, whereas the substitution at the C-4 or C-6 position diminished the affinity.	beta-D-galactose	48-62	complement C2	Homo sapiens	24-27
11971864-5	2002	The substitution at the C-2 and C-3 position of beta-galactose in these oligosaccharides with alpha-fucose, alpha-GalNAc, alpha-Neu5Ac, or sulfate increased the binding ability for galectin-3, whereas the substitution at the C-4 or C-6 position diminished the affinity.	beta-D-galactose	48-62	complement C3	Homo sapiens	32-35
11971864-5	2002	The substitution at the C-2 and C-3 position of beta-galactose in these oligosaccharides with alpha-fucose, alpha-GalNAc, alpha-Neu5Ac, or sulfate increased the binding ability for galectin-3, whereas the substitution at the C-4 or C-6 position diminished the affinity.	beta-D-galactose	48-62	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	181-191
11389701-1	2001	Cytosolic beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) from mammalian liver is a member of the family 1 glycoside hydrolases and is known for its ability to hydrolyse a range of beta-D-glycosides, including beta-D-glucoside and beta-D-galactoside.	beta-D-galactose	214-232	glucosylceramidase beta 3 (gene/pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	0-26
11749598-1	2001	A first report on the synthesis and biological evaluation of the beta-galactose-conjugated purpurinimides (a class of chlorins containing a six-membered fused imide ring system) as Gal-1 (galectin-1) recognized photosensitizers, prepared from purpurin-N-propargylimide via enyne metathesis, is discussed.	beta-D-galactose	65-79	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	181-186
11749598-1	2001	A first report on the synthesis and biological evaluation of the beta-galactose-conjugated purpurinimides (a class of chlorins containing a six-membered fused imide ring system) as Gal-1 (galectin-1) recognized photosensitizers, prepared from purpurin-N-propargylimide via enyne metathesis, is discussed.	beta-D-galactose	65-79	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	188-198
11731083-8	2001	OH- on C1 plays a relevant role in the interaction with CCL, since beta-galactose residues are better recognized than those from the anomeric alpha-galactose.	beta-D-galactose	67-81	CCR-like protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	56-59
12552808-7	2001	The beta-gal positive cotransformants were selected from pGADGH Rpb3 and pAS2Rpb2-4 two-hybrid system.	beta-D-galactose	4-12	DNA-directed RNA polymerase II core subunit RPB3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	64-68
11791617-5	2001	When SAA3/LacZ transgenic mice were injected with lipopolisaccharide to induce inflammation, beta-gal activities were increased approximately 6- and 16-fold in the lung and liver, respectively.	beta-D-galactose	93-101	serum amyloid A 3	Mus musculus	5-9
11274643-9	2001	Finally, beta-Gal staining in nontumoral tissue was strongly correlated with the presence of HCC in the surrounding liver (P <.001).	beta-D-galactose	9-17	HCC	Homo sapiens	93-96
11283017-1	2001	A new member of the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:beta-galactose beta1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (beta3Gn-T) family having the beta3Gn-T motifs was cloned from rat and human cDNA libraries and named beta3Gn-T5 based on its position in a phylogenetic tree.	beta-D-galactose	44-58	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 5	Homo sapiens	201-211
11302738-4	2001	Here, we demonstrate that intradermal immunization with plasmid DNA encoding beta-gal (pCMV-LacZ) of Schistosoma-infected mice, with preexistent dominant Th2 immune background, induce a strong Th1 anti-beta-gal response, as opposed to immunized with beta-gal only.	beta-D-galactose	77-85	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	154-157
11302738-4	2001	Here, we demonstrate that intradermal immunization with plasmid DNA encoding beta-gal (pCMV-LacZ) of Schistosoma-infected mice, with preexistent dominant Th2 immune background, induce a strong Th1 anti-beta-gal response, as opposed to immunized with beta-gal only.	beta-D-galactose	77-85	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	193-196
11302738-4	2001	Here, we demonstrate that intradermal immunization with plasmid DNA encoding beta-gal (pCMV-LacZ) of Schistosoma-infected mice, with preexistent dominant Th2 immune background, induce a strong Th1 anti-beta-gal response, as opposed to immunized with beta-gal only.	beta-D-galactose	202-210	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	193-196
10779162-4	2000	Mice developed a strong cytolytic T cell response to beta-Gal when injected with DNA encoding beta-galactosidase (LacZ) model antigen, either as naked DNA or DNA nanoparticles, but failed to respond when there was concomitant injection of nanoparticles containing both the LacZ and murine FasL DNA vectors.	beta-D-galactose	53-61	galactosidase, beta 1	Mus musculus	94-112
10941219-6	2000	eNOS-transfected BAEC significantly overexpressed eNOS compared to control beta-Gal-transfected and untransfected BAEC up to 120 h post transfection.	beta-D-galactose	75-83	nitric oxide synthase 3	Bos taurus	0-4
10953459-2	2000	beta-Galactosidase secreted by the callus culture, or the roots of sprouting plants, hydrolyzes the substrate (6-bromo-2-naphthyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside) to produce beta-D-galactose and 6-bromo-2-naphthol, which after simultaneous azocoupling with hexazotized p-rosaniline, or basic fuchsine, produce a reddish brown compound, nearly insoluble in water (a diazonium salt).	beta-D-galactose	167-183	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
10779162-4	2000	Mice developed a strong cytolytic T cell response to beta-Gal when injected with DNA encoding beta-galactosidase (LacZ) model antigen, either as naked DNA or DNA nanoparticles, but failed to respond when there was concomitant injection of nanoparticles containing both the LacZ and murine FasL DNA vectors.	beta-D-galactose	53-61	Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6)	Mus musculus	289-293
10224293-12	1999	In a gene-trap mouse model with a beta-gal+neo (beta-geo) insertion in the endogenous RPTP-kappa gene, the consequent loss of RPTP-kappa"s enzymatic activity does not produce any obvious phenotypic defects [W.C. Skarnes, J.E.	beta-D-galactose	34-42	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, K	Mus musculus	86-96
10569695-3	1999	Compared with mice immunized with DCs alone, splenocytes of mice immunized with LacZ transduced DCs could produce more interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) against the beta-gal derived, H-2Ld-restricted nonapeptide (TPHPARIGL) in a dose-dependent manner.	beta-D-galactose	160-168	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	119-135
10569695-3	1999	Compared with mice immunized with DCs alone, splenocytes of mice immunized with LacZ transduced DCs could produce more interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) against the beta-gal derived, H-2Ld-restricted nonapeptide (TPHPARIGL) in a dose-dependent manner.	beta-D-galactose	160-168	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	137-146
10224293-12	1999	In a gene-trap mouse model with a beta-gal+neo (beta-geo) insertion in the endogenous RPTP-kappa gene, the consequent loss of RPTP-kappa"s enzymatic activity does not produce any obvious phenotypic defects [W.C. Skarnes, J.E.	beta-D-galactose	34-42	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, K	Mus musculus	126-136
9688561-1	1998	The galectin-3 gene (LGALS3) encodes a beta-galactose binding lectin.	beta-D-galactose	39-53	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
9856765-9	1998	Cotransfection of Pax-6 cDNA with K12 promoter-beta-gal constructs containing Pax-6 elements results in a fourfold increase of beta-gal activities in RCE-T cells but not HT-1080 fibroblasts.	beta-D-galactose	47-55	paired box protein Pax-6	Oryctolagus cuniculus	18-23
9856765-9	1998	Cotransfection of Pax-6 cDNA with K12 promoter-beta-gal constructs containing Pax-6 elements results in a fourfold increase of beta-gal activities in RCE-T cells but not HT-1080 fibroblasts.	beta-D-galactose	47-55	keratin, type I cytoskeletal 12	Oryctolagus cuniculus	34-37
9856765-9	1998	Cotransfection of Pax-6 cDNA with K12 promoter-beta-gal constructs containing Pax-6 elements results in a fourfold increase of beta-gal activities in RCE-T cells but not HT-1080 fibroblasts.	beta-D-galactose	47-55	paired box protein Pax-6	Oryctolagus cuniculus	78-83
9826449-7	1998	delivery of the beta-gal/ISS-ODN mix stimulates equivalent Th1-biased systemic immune responses with high-level cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity.	beta-D-galactose	16-24	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	59-62
10614729-3	1999	Beta-gal in alum induced IgG1 and IgE antibodies and the CD4+ T cells from these mice secreted interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-5 but no interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) after in vitro antigen stimulation.	beta-D-galactose	0-8	LOC105243590	Mus musculus	25-29
10614729-3	1999	Beta-gal in alum induced IgG1 and IgE antibodies and the CD4+ T cells from these mice secreted interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-5 but no interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) after in vitro antigen stimulation.	beta-D-galactose	0-8	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	95-108
10614729-3	1999	Beta-gal in alum induced IgG1 and IgE antibodies and the CD4+ T cells from these mice secreted interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-5 but no interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) after in vitro antigen stimulation.	beta-D-galactose	0-8	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	110-114
10614729-3	1999	Beta-gal in alum induced IgG1 and IgE antibodies and the CD4+ T cells from these mice secreted interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-5 but no interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) after in vitro antigen stimulation.	beta-D-galactose	0-8	interleukin 5	Mus musculus	120-124
9688561-1	1998	The galectin-3 gene (LGALS3) encodes a beta-galactose binding lectin.	beta-D-galactose	39-53	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	21-27
9650599-3	1998	The presence of the p53-expressing vector was toxic in both cell lines compared to control cells or to those containing the beta-gal vector.	beta-D-galactose	124-132	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	20-23
9595539-8	1998	When Ad.CMV.secECE was co-injected with Ad.CMV.ET-1 (2.5 x 10(9) pfu/ml each), plasma ET-1 levels were significantly elevated compared to the control group co-injected with Ad.CMV.secECE and Ad.CMV.beta-gal (10.2 +/- 2.4 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.2 pM).	beta-D-galactose	198-206	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-51
8950976-8	1996	Furthermore, a dominant-negative p53 mutant (introduced by retroviral transduction) rescued LacZ21 cells from senescence and generated colonies with extended lifespan in which beta-gal expression was totally abolished.	beta-D-galactose	176-184	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	33-36
8774488-1	1996	Galectin 3 is endogenous mammalian carbohydrate-binding protein with affinity for terminal beta-galactose residues, polylactosamine glycans, and ABH-blood group carbohydrate epitopes.	beta-D-galactose	91-105	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
8888433-9	1996	Both mucin fractions had altered glycosylation patterns: augmentation of beta-galactose, alpha-N-acetyl galactosamine, and mannose coincided with a decrease in alpha-fucose.	beta-D-galactose	73-87	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	5-10
8710877-9	1996	The fusion protein carrying the C terminus of XPG (amino acids 1146-1185) localized beta-gal specific antigenic signal to foci and to the nucleolus regions.	beta-D-galactose	84-92	ERCC excision repair 5, endonuclease	Homo sapiens	46-49
8710877-10	1996	After UV irradiation, antigenic beta-gal translocated reversibly from the subnuclear structures to the whole nucleus with kinetics very similar to the movements of XPG protein.	beta-D-galactose	32-40	ERCC excision repair 5, endonuclease	Homo sapiens	164-167
7556905-2	1995	The developmental expression of the myoD reporter transgene in somites, limb buds, visceral arches, and cephalocervical regions was studied in transgenic embryos by beta-gal staining.	beta-D-galactose	165-173	myogenic differentiation 1	Mus musculus	36-40
8666274-5	1996	The expression of reporter genes, monitored at various times post-infection, confirmed that while beta-Gal synthesis was under the transcriptional control of the hsp70 promoter, the beta hCG and Luc proteins were synthesized as a function of polyhedrin promoter activation profile.	beta-D-galactose	98-106	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	162-167
8632779-4	1996	Two XPG regions with putative NLS [amino acid (AA) coordinates: NLS-B (AA 1057-1074) and NLS-C (AA 1171-1185)] were each shown to independently localize the beta-gal extensively (> 80%) to the nucleus of HeLa cells.	beta-D-galactose	157-165	ERCC excision repair 5, endonuclease	Homo sapiens	4-7
8731834-1	1995	Galactose oxidase method was employed to detect the beta-D-Gal (1-->3) -D-Gal NAc residue of T-antigen present in the large intestinal mucus of 156 subjects.	beta-D-galactose	52-62	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	81-84
7982215-0	1994	Synthesis of the 5-aminopentyl glycoside of beta-D-Gal p-(1-->4)-beta-D-Glc p NAc-(1-->3)-L-Fuc p and fragments thereof related to glycopeptides of human Christmas factor and the marine sponge Microciona prolifera.	beta-D-galactose	44-54	coagulation factor IX	Homo sapiens	160-176
7635184-5	1995	IL-2 enhancer-driven beta-galactose activity of thalidomide-treated and stimulated cells was also similar to that of untreated controls (p > 0.2).	beta-D-galactose	21-35	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
1376745-8	1992	To this aim, C-26 cells were transduced, via retroviral vector, with the Escherichia coli LacZ gene and mixed tumor transplantation assays were performed by injecting a mixture of G-CSF-producing beta-gal- and G-CSF-nonproducing beta-gal+ C-26 cells at different ratios.	beta-D-galactose	196-204	colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte)	Mus musculus	180-185
8484908-2	1993	The beta-galactosidase activity was purified by a new procedure that improved yields (44%) and final specific activity (182 units mg-1 at 75 degrees C using chromogenic beta-D-galactoside as substrate).	beta-D-galactose	169-187	MFS transporter	Saccharolobus solfataricus	4-22
1337862-1	1992	Characterization of alpha-D-Galp-(1-->3)-beta-D-Gal- and alpha-NeuAc-(2-->6)-beta-D-GalpNAc-(1-->4)- beta-D-GlcNAc-substituted N-linked glycans.	beta-D-galactose	44-54	galanin like peptide	Homo sapiens	28-32
1460029-5	1992	Experiments done using cell treatment with 2.5 micrograms/ml brefeldin A resulted in a stimulation in the total amount of labeling, accumulation of a neutral glycolipid identified as Lc3 due to inhibited transfer of the neolacto-series core chain terminal beta-Gal residue, and a corresponding inhibition of labeling of longer chain neutral glycolipids in all cell lines.	beta-D-galactose	256-264	microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	183-186
1548759-5	1992	We have also cocultivated peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures from HIV-infected individuals with the CD4-LTR/beta-gal indicator cells.	beta-D-galactose	110-118	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	102-105
1340210-12	1992	beta-gal inhibited 27% of the IGF-II response and had no effect when added alone.	beta-D-galactose	0-8	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	30-36
1340210-13	1992	Since beta-gal decreases the binding affinity of the IGF-II/M-6-P receptor for IGF-II and does not bind to the IGF-I or insulin receptor, these data suggest the possibility that IGF-II mitogenic action is mediated through the IGF-II/M-6-P receptor.	beta-D-galactose	6-14	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	79-85
1340210-13	1992	Since beta-gal decreases the binding affinity of the IGF-II/M-6-P receptor for IGF-II and does not bind to the IGF-I or insulin receptor, these data suggest the possibility that IGF-II mitogenic action is mediated through the IGF-II/M-6-P receptor.	beta-D-galactose	6-14	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	53-58
1340210-13	1992	Since beta-gal decreases the binding affinity of the IGF-II/M-6-P receptor for IGF-II and does not bind to the IGF-I or insulin receptor, these data suggest the possibility that IGF-II mitogenic action is mediated through the IGF-II/M-6-P receptor.	beta-D-galactose	6-14	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	79-85
1340210-13	1992	Since beta-gal decreases the binding affinity of the IGF-II/M-6-P receptor for IGF-II and does not bind to the IGF-I or insulin receptor, these data suggest the possibility that IGF-II mitogenic action is mediated through the IGF-II/M-6-P receptor.	beta-D-galactose	6-14	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	79-85
1340210-13	1992	Since beta-gal decreases the binding affinity of the IGF-II/M-6-P receptor for IGF-II and does not bind to the IGF-I or insulin receptor, these data suggest the possibility that IGF-II mitogenic action is mediated through the IGF-II/M-6-P receptor.	beta-D-galactose	6-14	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	53-59
1847370-5	1991	Two days after injection of HVJ-liposomes containing the beta-galactosidase gene and HMG1 under the perisplanchnic membrane of adult rat liver, hepatic cells near the injection site were found by 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-galactoside staining to have beta-galactosidase activity.	beta-D-galactose	223-241	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-75
1668278-4	1991	lacZ fusions made with the CAE mutant promoters produced novel beta-gal staining patterns that suggest the presence of one or more morphogen gradients within the prespore zone of the slug and indicate that the CAEs are also important in regulating the spatial patterning of SP60 expression in the multicellular aggregate.	beta-D-galactose	63-71	gap junction protein alpha 8	Homo sapiens	27-30
34930892-2	2021	Here, we demonstrate that knocking down CDK5RAP2 in human fibroblasts triggers premature cell senescence that is recapitulated in Cdk5rap2an/an mouse embryonic fibroblasts and embryos, which exhibit reduced body weight and size, and increased senescence-associated (SA)-beta-gal staining compared to Cdk5rap2+/+ and Cdk5rap2+/an embryos.	beta-D-galactose	270-278	CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 2	Homo sapiens	40-48
2324552-2	1990	Using Meg-CSF-enriched fractions, we established that the moiety has the following characteristics: 1) portions of the molecules having Meg-CSF activity have sialic acid, probably with a biantennary structure, and beta-galactose residues as the terminal and penultimate sugars; 2) disulfide residues are an essential chemical group of the molecule and are located on its surface; and 3) Meg-CSF activity is stable in n-propanol, but not in acetonitrile with trifluoroacetic acid.	beta-D-galactose	214-228	thrombopoietin	Homo sapiens	136-143
2251241-2	1990	Ag1 was shown to interact with the lectin Erythrina christagalli agglutinin, which is specific for carbohydrates bearing beta-D-galactose(1-4)-D-N-acetylglucosamine.	beta-D-galactose	121-137	NBPF member 10	Homo sapiens	0-3
25040736-4	2014	SIRT1 overexpression reversed the increased PAI-1 expression in senescent human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and aortas of old mice, accompanied by decreased SA-beta-gal activity in vitro and improved endothelial function and reduced arterial stiffness in vivo.	beta-D-galactose	174-182	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
34974112-1	2022	beta-galactosylceramidase (GALC) is a lysosomal enzyme that removes beta-galactose from beta-galactosylceramide, leading to the formation of the oncosuppressor metabolite ceramide.	beta-D-galactose	68-82	galactosylceramidase	Homo sapiens	27-31
34930892-2	2021	Here, we demonstrate that knocking down CDK5RAP2 in human fibroblasts triggers premature cell senescence that is recapitulated in Cdk5rap2an/an mouse embryonic fibroblasts and embryos, which exhibit reduced body weight and size, and increased senescence-associated (SA)-beta-gal staining compared to Cdk5rap2+/+ and Cdk5rap2+/an embryos.	beta-D-galactose	270-278	CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 2	Homo sapiens	130-138
34456156-1	2021	Lysosomal beta-galactosylceramidase (GALC) removes beta-galactose from beta-galactosylceramide, thus generating the oncosuppressor metabolite ceramide.	beta-D-galactose	51-65	galactosylceramidase	Homo sapiens	37-41
34257160-6	2021	The inhibition of Akt1 strongly reduced the percentage of SA-beta-Gal-positive cells in the alpha2beta1-depleted cell population, while the inhibition of Akt2 did not have a noticeable effect.	beta-D-galactose	61-69	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
34110666-10	2021	RESULTS: The depletion of PTN increased the ratio of SA-beta-gal positive cells, upregulated the expression of p16, and downregulated the expression of TERT and p-p38.	beta-D-galactose	56-64	pleiotrophin	Homo sapiens	26-29
34110666-11	2021	Furthermore, 50 pg/ml of PTN recombinant protein rescued these changes the altered ratio of SA-beta-gal positive cells, decreased the expression of p16, enhanced TERT and p-p38 expression, as well as telomere activity, caused by PTN depletion and long-term culture.	beta-D-galactose	95-103	pleiotrophin	Homo sapiens	25-28
2706085-10	1989	Using lectins to identify the structure of the carbohydrate chains it was shown that rabbit Tamm-Horsfall protein possesses complex-type oligosaccharide chains with terminal sialic acid, beta-galactose, and probably alpha-fucose and chains of the mucin type.	beta-D-galactose	187-201	uromodulin	Homo sapiens	92-113
34063608-10	2021	We further showed alteration in the; (i) tissue luminescence and fluorescence, (ii) mRNA and protein expressions of senescent markers and SASP genes, and (iii) SA-beta-gal activity in CS-exposed young and old p16-3MR mice as compared to their air controls.	beta-D-galactose	163-171	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Mus musculus	209-212
35378512-5	2022	Downregulation of IGFBP5 via siRNA in P2 MEFs increased the number of SA-beta-GAL-positive cells, upregulated p16 and p19, and inhibited cell growth.	beta-D-galactose	73-81	insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5	Mus musculus	18-24
35053414-7	2022	Immunohistochemistry and lectin histochemistry showed the beta-gal-pH6 staining to be strongly correlated with the immunolabeling of the olfactory marker protein (OMP) that identifies mature olfactory sensory neurons.	beta-D-galactose	58-66	olfactory marker protein	Mus musculus	163-166
3332671-1	1987	The gastrulating chick blastoderm contains lectin activity specific for beta-D-galactoside groups.	beta-D-galactose	72-90	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	43-49
3335026-1	1988	The endogenous beta-D-galactoside-binding lectins of UV-2237-IP3 fibrosarcoma cells consist of two polypeptides with molecular weights of 14,500 (L-14.5) and 34,000 (L-34).	beta-D-galactose	15-33	skull morphology 21	Mus musculus	146-150
3335026-1	1988	The endogenous beta-D-galactoside-binding lectins of UV-2237-IP3 fibrosarcoma cells consist of two polypeptides with molecular weights of 14,500 (L-14.5) and 34,000 (L-34).	beta-D-galactose	15-33	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	166-170
3106720-4	1987	These results indicate that the determination of the enzyme ratio of ASC/beta-gal in Triton X-100 solubilized leukocytes is a sensitive test for biochemical identification of patients and probably of carriers of XLI.	beta-D-galactose	73-81	steroid sulfatase	Homo sapiens	69-72
3116472-2	1987	Out of beta-gal modified with a series of p-aminophenyl alpha- or beta-glycosides, beta-gal modified with p-aminophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (beta-D-Glc beta-gal) was bound to the synaptosomes most effectively, then beta-gal modified with beta-D-galactoside and with alpha-D-mannoside.	beta-D-galactose	241-259	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	7-15
3116472-2	1987	Out of beta-gal modified with a series of p-aminophenyl alpha- or beta-glycosides, beta-gal modified with p-aminophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (beta-D-Glc beta-gal) was bound to the synaptosomes most effectively, then beta-gal modified with beta-D-galactoside and with alpha-D-mannoside.	beta-D-galactose	241-259	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	83-91
3116472-2	1987	Out of beta-gal modified with a series of p-aminophenyl alpha- or beta-glycosides, beta-gal modified with p-aminophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (beta-D-Glc beta-gal) was bound to the synaptosomes most effectively, then beta-gal modified with beta-D-galactoside and with alpha-D-mannoside.	beta-D-galactose	241-259	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	83-91
3116472-2	1987	Out of beta-gal modified with a series of p-aminophenyl alpha- or beta-glycosides, beta-gal modified with p-aminophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (beta-D-Glc beta-gal) was bound to the synaptosomes most effectively, then beta-gal modified with beta-D-galactoside and with alpha-D-mannoside.	beta-D-galactose	241-259	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	83-91
3116472-6	1987	The binding of beta-gal modified with beta-D-galactoside was inhibited by treatment of the synaptosomes with trypsin, phospholipase A2, C and D, and with neuraminidase, while the binding of beta-D-Glc beta-gal was inhibited by neuraminidase treatment of synaptosomes.	beta-D-galactose	38-56	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	15-23
3116472-6	1987	The binding of beta-gal modified with beta-D-galactoside was inhibited by treatment of the synaptosomes with trypsin, phospholipase A2, C and D, and with neuraminidase, while the binding of beta-D-Glc beta-gal was inhibited by neuraminidase treatment of synaptosomes.	beta-D-galactose	38-56	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	118-143
3116472-6	1987	The binding of beta-gal modified with beta-D-galactoside was inhibited by treatment of the synaptosomes with trypsin, phospholipase A2, C and D, and with neuraminidase, while the binding of beta-D-Glc beta-gal was inhibited by neuraminidase treatment of synaptosomes.	beta-D-galactose	38-56	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	154-167
3116472-6	1987	The binding of beta-gal modified with beta-D-galactoside was inhibited by treatment of the synaptosomes with trypsin, phospholipase A2, C and D, and with neuraminidase, while the binding of beta-D-Glc beta-gal was inhibited by neuraminidase treatment of synaptosomes.	beta-D-galactose	38-56	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	201-209
3116472-6	1987	The binding of beta-gal modified with beta-D-galactoside was inhibited by treatment of the synaptosomes with trypsin, phospholipase A2, C and D, and with neuraminidase, while the binding of beta-D-Glc beta-gal was inhibited by neuraminidase treatment of synaptosomes.	beta-D-galactose	38-56	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	227-240
28305841-0	1987	Endogenous beta-D-galactoside binding lectin during the expansion of the yolk sac in the developing chick embryo.	beta-D-galactose	11-29	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	38-44
28305841-1	1987	A lectin with an affinity for beta-D-galactoside-containing saccharides is present in the developing yolk sac from the chick embryo at stages from 2 to 7 days of incubation.	beta-D-galactose	30-48	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	2-8
3122598-5	1987	While more than 70% of beta-galactose was liberated from LacCer and nLcOse4Cer within 1 h under the optimum conditions to form GlcCer and nLcOse3Cer, respectively, none was liberated from LcOse4Cer, GalCer, GgOse4Cer, GbOse3Cer, IV3 alpha GalnLcOse4Cer, and Il3NeuAcGgOse4Cer, showing the substrate specificity solely to Gal beta 1-4 linkage.	beta-D-galactose	23-37	tubulin beta 3 class III	Homo sapiens	325-333
3612061-1	1987	Allo A lectin from the beetle, which is beta-D-galactose specific, reacts to haptoglobin but not to hemoglobin.	beta-D-galactose	40-56	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	77-88
2424591-1	1986	Allomyrina dichotoma lectin (allo A) with a specificity to beta-D-galactose was used to fractionate human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) by affinity electrophoresis.	beta-D-galactose	59-75	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	125-128
6746018-2	1984	alpha-Mannose and beta-galactose were grafted on the surface of liposomes containing lysozyme by covalent coupling of p-aminophenyl-D-glycosides to phosphatidyl ethanolamine liposomes using glutaraldehyde.	beta-D-galactose	18-32	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	85-93
4067042-3	1985	The principle of the Boehringer-Mannheim method is presented, i.e., lactose is hydrolyzed to glucose and beta-galactose in the presence of beta-galactosidase and water.	beta-D-galactose	105-119	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	139-157
6208403-4	1984	Glycosylhydrolases known to cleave alpha-D-mannose, beta-D-galactose (1,4-linked), beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and alpha-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine did not reduce the activity of epiglycanin.	beta-D-galactose	52-68	mucin 21, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	178-189
28305345-1	1981	Cells from the extraembryonic endoderm of the gastrulating chick embryo contain a beta-D-galactoside-binding lectin inhibited by thiodigalactoside (TDG).	beta-D-galactose	82-100	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	109-115
28305386-10	1982	Since cells of the blastula inXenopus laevis possess surface receptors bearing terminal beta-D-galactoside groups it is possible that this beta-D-galactoside binding lectin may play a role in the control of cell surface mediated events during development.	beta-D-galactose	88-106	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	166-172
7106452-1	1982	Cells from the extraembryonic endoderm of the gastrulating chick embryo contain a beta-D-galactoside-binding lectin inhibited by thiodigalactoside (TDG).	beta-D-galactose	82-100	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	109-115
33786633-9	2021	The percentage of SA-beta-gal-positive cells in senescent PDL25 cells transfected with Lv-miR-216a was decreased 76% by Rb2 treatment compared with the Lv-miR-216a group without Rb2 treatment (P=0.01).	beta-D-galactose	21-29	RB transcriptional corepressor like 2	Homo sapiens	120-123
521468-0	1979	A lectin which binds specifically to beta-D-galactoside groups is present at the earliest stages of chick embryo development.	beta-D-galactose	37-55	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	2-8
33994367-9	2021	Down regulation of YAP1 expression reduced the senescence of AECs as determined by ss-galactosidase (SA-beta-gal) staining, which alleviated the clinical symptoms of IPF mice, as determined by body weight and lung index.	beta-D-galactose	104-112	yes-associated protein 1	Mus musculus	19-23
32898442-5	2021	When inhibiting the expression of SIRT1 by EX527, our results showed that TSG reversed the effect of EX527, by promoting the expression level of SIRT1, reducing the expression of SA-beta-gal positive cell and the expression level of p53 and PAI-1 proteins.	beta-D-galactose	182-190	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
32998995-2	2020	Beta-galactosylceramidase (GALC) removes beta-galactose from galactosylceramide and other sphingolipids.	beta-D-galactose	41-55	galactosylceramidase	Homo sapiens	27-31
32412100-5	2020	KEY FINDINGS: Radiation reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and expressions of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK2), CDK4, cyclin E and transcription factor E2F1 proteins, and increased expressions of p21, p16, cyclin D and retinoblastoma (RB) proteins, malondialdehyde (MDA) activity, SA-beta-gal-positive cells and cells stagnating in G1 phase.	beta-D-galactose	291-299	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	54-57
32918374-10	2020	Overexpression of IMP1 reduced p21 and SA-beta-gal to inhibit the senescence of alveolar epithelial cells.	beta-D-galactose	42-50	insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-22
31730896-7	2020	In vitro experiment confirmed that IL-10 could induce senescence of activated HSCs via inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing cell cycle arrest, increasing the SA-beta-Gal activity and enhancing expression of senescence marker protein p53 and p21.	beta-D-galactose	164-172	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	35-40
32092035-5	2020	A robust NF-kappaB activation was seen at E20-E40 of tumour development accompanied by a marked SA-beta-Gal co-reactivity in the tumour pituitary parenchyma.	beta-D-galactose	99-107	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	9-18
32437790-6	2020	KEY FINDINGS: Rg1 played an anti-aging role in reversing d-galactose induced increase in senescence-associated SA-beta-gal staining and p53, p21 protein in hepatocytes of mice and sustained mitochondria homeostasis.	beta-D-galactose	114-122	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3A	Mus musculus	14-17
32088228-5	2020	Combined with the results of FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy, it was found that PTP is a pyranose containing alpha-configuration and beta-configuration, mainly consist of beta-D-Gal, alpha-D-Glu, alpha-D-Ara and beta-D-Man.	beta-D-galactose	166-176	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type U	Homo sapiens	75-78
32149158-3	2020	Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a 30 kDa beta-galactose, highly conserved and widely distributed intracellularly and extracellularly.	beta-D-galactose	31-45	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
32149158-3	2020	Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a 30 kDa beta-galactose, highly conserved and widely distributed intracellularly and extracellularly.	beta-D-galactose	31-45	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	12-17
30889706-5	2019	We also found that miR-675 mimic decreased beta-gal staining in H2O2 treated H9C2 cells.	beta-D-galactose	43-51	microRNA 675	Rattus norvegicus	19-26
31756283-4	2019	PPO-GP, is a di-block copolymer with PPO and beta-galactose polypeptide, exhibits lower critical solution temperature and is entrapped within the scaffold through hydrophobic interactions.	beta-D-galactose	45-59	protoporphyrinogen oxidase	Homo sapiens	0-3
31118252-6	2019	Second, we solved the crystal structures of the GII.13 P dimers in complex with Lec and mucin core 2, which showed that beta-Gal is the major binding saccharide.	beta-D-galactose	120-128	C-C motif chemokine ligand 16	Homo sapiens	80-83
31118252-10	2019	Unlike the previous findings that GII.13/21 genotypes recognize only Lea antigen, we found in this study that they can interact with a group of glycans with a common terminal beta-Gal, including Lec, lactose, and mucin core 2.	beta-D-galactose	175-183	C-C motif chemokine ligand 16	Homo sapiens	195-198
30902393-10	2019	Aging markers (SA-beta-Gal staining and the protein levels of p16, p53, p21) were significantly changed in the hsp27 decreased group.	beta-D-galactose	18-26	heat shock protein family B (small) member 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-116
30653955-1	2019	Galectin-3 (Gal-3; gene LGALS3) is a member of the beta-galactose-binding lectin family.	beta-D-galactose	51-65	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	0-17
30653955-1	2019	Galectin-3 (Gal-3; gene LGALS3) is a member of the beta-galactose-binding lectin family.	beta-D-galactose	51-65	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	24-30
30595379-9	2019	Results showed that insulin receded cellular senescence in different time and concentration, as indicated by decreased expression of p21, increased expression of cyclinE and down-regulated ratio of SA-beta-Gal stained cells in BEAS-2B and HSAEpiC under physiological or CSE exposure condition.	beta-D-galactose	201-209	insulin	Homo sapiens	20-27
30654843-3	2019	METHODS: We analyzed the senescence of Ell3-suppressed stem cells by mitochondrial activity, beta-gal (+) cells, and lineage differentiation efficiency.	beta-D-galactose	93-101	elongation factor for RNA polymerase II 3	Homo sapiens	39-43
30655875-3	2019	The results demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg3 led to cell proliferation arrest; ginsenoside Rg3 decreased the number of cells and increased the positive SA-beta-gal staining rate in PC3 cells.	beta-D-galactose	156-164	chromobox 8	Homo sapiens	182-185
30170733-3	2018	Moreover, overexpression of FOXP1 attenuates TSPCs aging, as confirmed by decreased of senescence-associated beta-gal staining, as well as the senescence marker, p16INK4A.	beta-D-galactose	109-117	forkhead box P1	Homo sapiens	28-33
30648152-8	2018	The outlined strategy has been applied to obtain a series of synthetic alpha-l-iduronates and sulfated beta-d-galactosides as substrates for assaying alpha-l-iduronidase and N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase, enzymes related to the lysosomal storage disorders mucopolysaccharidosis type I and type IVa, respectively.	beta-D-galactose	103-122	alpha-L-iduronidase	Homo sapiens	150-169
30648152-8	2018	The outlined strategy has been applied to obtain a series of synthetic alpha-l-iduronates and sulfated beta-d-galactosides as substrates for assaying alpha-l-iduronidase and N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase, enzymes related to the lysosomal storage disorders mucopolysaccharidosis type I and type IVa, respectively.	beta-D-galactose	103-122	galactosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase	Homo sapiens	174-215
30358118-4	2018	Furthermore, PD was able to decrease the level of senescence in TNF-alpha-treated NPCs, as indicated by beta-gal staining as well as senescence markers p53 and p16 expression.	beta-D-galactose	104-112	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	64-73
30241941-4	2018	In addition, Pharmacological inhibition of SUV39h1 and G9a overexpression significantly attenuated induction of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-gal) activity, H3K9me3 and SAHF formation in CK2-downregulated cells.	beta-D-galactose	134-142	SUV39H1 histone lysine methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	43-50
30241941-4	2018	In addition, Pharmacological inhibition of SUV39h1 and G9a overexpression significantly attenuated induction of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-gal) activity, H3K9me3 and SAHF formation in CK2-downregulated cells.	beta-D-galactose	134-142	euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	55-58
29528383-7	2018	Recombinant human NRG-1 (rhNRG-1, 20 ng/mL) significantly reduced H2O2-induced senescence, as shown by a lower number of SA-beta-gal positive cells, smaller surface area and lower expression of acetyl-p53.	beta-D-galactose	124-132	neuregulin 1	Homo sapiens	18-23
28797827-5	2018	VSMC senescence induced by activation of mTOR pathway led to reduced levels of signal-associated autophagy proteins, and inhibition of mTOR pathway resulted in a drastic decrease in the number of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-gal)-stained cells and increased levels of signal-associated autophagy proteins.	beta-D-galactose	218-226	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	135-139
29677534-9	2018	Inhibition of NF-kappaB by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a selective inhibitor of NF-kappaB, partially reversed the cellular senescent phenotype induced by punicalagin in BCPAP cells as evidenced by the decreased fraction of SA-beta-Gal staining positive cells and blockage of SASP generation.	beta-D-galactose	234-242	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	14-23
30002688-7	2018	Results: AngII induced an increase in SA-beta-Gal-positive cells and upregulation on expression of P21 and PAI-1 compared to the control group (p < 0.05), while apelin against this process (p < 0.05).	beta-D-galactose	41-49	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	9-14
29518447-6	2018	The acetylation modification mainly occurred at C-2, C-3 and C-6 positions of 1, 4-linked beta-D-galactose, and C-6 position of terminal-linked beta-D-galactose.	beta-D-galactose	90-106	complement C2	Homo sapiens	48-56
29518447-6	2018	The acetylation modification mainly occurred at C-2, C-3 and C-6 positions of 1, 4-linked beta-D-galactose, and C-6 position of terminal-linked beta-D-galactose.	beta-D-galactose	90-106	complement C6	Homo sapiens	61-64
28676953-8	2018	Furthermore, AMPK activator AICAR significantly enhanced SA-beta-gal activity and antiproliferation induced by gallotannin, while AMPK inhibitor compound C did not in two HCC cells.	beta-D-galactose	60-68	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	13-17
28837644-7	2017	We show here strong Prickle1 mRNA expression in the spiral ganglion by in situ hybridization and beta-Gal staining, and weak expression in the OC by beta-Gal staining.	beta-D-galactose	97-105	prickle planar cell polarity protein 1	Mus musculus	20-28
28828425-2	2017	It was demonstrated to be an excellent electrochemical substrate for beta-Gal detection with sensitivity as low as 0.1 U mL-1.	beta-D-galactose	69-77	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	121-125
28842010-3	2017	Exogenous compounds could compete with the fragment (ED-ES) of genetically engineered beta-galactosidase enzyme (beta-gal) for the binding to ERalpha or beta, thus quantitatively altering the formation of enzymatically active beta-gal and the hydrolysis of luminescent substrate.	beta-D-galactose	86-94	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	142-149
29164071-3	2017	Gal-3 is a member of the lectin family with affinity for beta-galactose containing molecules; it can be found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm and can be either membrane-associated or secreted.	beta-D-galactose	57-71	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	0-5
28536075-9	2017	Overexpression of coilin phosphomutants increased SA-beta-gal fluorescence following treatments with cisplatin as compared to the wild type coilin transfection.	beta-D-galactose	53-61	coilin	Homo sapiens	18-24
28498365-8	2017	Importantly, stable knockdown of Twist1 by shRNA markedly augments p21 expression, its nuclear accumulation, senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF) and amplifies the number of SA-beta-gal-positive cells.	beta-D-galactose	190-198	twist basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	33-39
28197314-2	2017	As candidates for combretastatin A4 (CA4) prodrug for ovarian cancer prodrug monotherapy (PMT), we designed and synthesized two beta-galactose-conjugated CA4s (CA4-betaGals), CA4-betaGal-1 and CA4-betaGal-2.	beta-D-galactose	128-142	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	18-35
28371119-5	2017	In wild-type (WT) mouse fibroblasts, rapamycin increased the levels of Nrf2, and this correlates with the activation of autophagy and a reduction in the induction of cell senescence, as measured by SA-beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) staining, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and p16 and p21 molecular markers.	beta-D-galactose	201-209	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	71-75
28791835-13	2017	The IFN-gamma group increased SA-beta-gal-positive cells and reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly after 15 days of IFN-gamma treatment.	beta-D-galactose	33-41	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	4-13
28043891-5	2017	The spermine oxidase overexpression was revealed by beta-Gal staining and reverse-transcriptase/PCR analysis, in all tissues analysed.	beta-D-galactose	52-60	spermine oxidase	Mus musculus	4-20
28197314-2	2017	As candidates for combretastatin A4 (CA4) prodrug for ovarian cancer prodrug monotherapy (PMT), we designed and synthesized two beta-galactose-conjugated CA4s (CA4-betaGals), CA4-betaGal-1 and CA4-betaGal-2.	beta-D-galactose	128-142	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	154-157
28197314-2	2017	As candidates for combretastatin A4 (CA4) prodrug for ovarian cancer prodrug monotherapy (PMT), we designed and synthesized two beta-galactose-conjugated CA4s (CA4-betaGals), CA4-betaGal-1 and CA4-betaGal-2.	beta-D-galactose	128-142	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	154-157
28197314-4	2017	CA4-betaGal-2, which has a self-immolative benzyl linker between CA4 and the beta-galactose moiety, was more cytotoxic to ovarian cancer cell lines than CA4-betaGal-1 without a linker.	beta-D-galactose	77-91	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
28234906-2	2017	Senescence is terminal growth arrest in response to cell stress that is characterized by increased lysosomal-beta-galactosidase (GLB1) the origin of senescence associated-beta-gal activity (SA-beta-gal).	beta-D-galactose	109-117	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	129-133
28197314-2	2017	As candidates for combretastatin A4 (CA4) prodrug for ovarian cancer prodrug monotherapy (PMT), we designed and synthesized two beta-galactose-conjugated CA4s (CA4-betaGals), CA4-betaGal-1 and CA4-betaGal-2.	beta-D-galactose	128-142	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	37-40
28197314-2	2017	As candidates for combretastatin A4 (CA4) prodrug for ovarian cancer prodrug monotherapy (PMT), we designed and synthesized two beta-galactose-conjugated CA4s (CA4-betaGals), CA4-betaGal-1 and CA4-betaGal-2.	beta-D-galactose	128-142	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	154-157
28197314-2	2017	As candidates for combretastatin A4 (CA4) prodrug for ovarian cancer prodrug monotherapy (PMT), we designed and synthesized two beta-galactose-conjugated CA4s (CA4-betaGals), CA4-betaGal-1 and CA4-betaGal-2.	beta-D-galactose	128-142	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	154-157
26515654-7	2016	Using beta-Gal, we demonstrated mosaic expression of the mutant Slc9a6 allele and mosaically distributed lysosomal glycolipid accumulation and PC pathology in the brains of heterozygous Slc9a6 KO female mice.	beta-D-galactose	6-14	solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 6	Mus musculus	64-70
27685262-5	2016	In African trypanosomes tomato lectin (TL) and ricin, respectively specific to poly-N-acetyllactosamine (poly-LacNAc) and beta-D-galactose, allowed the identification of giant chains of poly-LacNAc in N-glycoproteins of the endocytic pathway.	beta-D-galactose	122-138	LTL	Solanum lycopersicum	31-37
26598048-6	2016	TRF2 deficiency substantially increased radiosensitivity of cells compared to controls in both proliferation and senescence assay (2.4 fold increase in beta-Gal, 1.6 fold decrease in CFU).	beta-D-galactose	152-160	telomeric repeat binding factor 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
27276519-4	2016	The glucosyl moiety of Hp-s1 was replaced with alpha-glucose, alpha-galactose, beta-galactose, alpha-mannose, and beta-mannose, and their biological activities on SH-SY5Y cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells were evaluated.	beta-D-galactose	79-93	HPS1 biogenesis of lysosomal organelles complex 3 subunit 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
27480121-5	2016	Histological and enzymatic examinations of beta-gal during the disease course of EAE, allowed us to survey hippocampal Wnt/beta-catenin activity, one of the key signaling pathways of adult neurogenesis.	beta-D-galactose	43-51	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	123-135
26672612-4	2016	Increased SA-beta-gal activity and the upregulation of ACE and AT1R in senescent cells were prevented by antioxidants, an ACE inhibitor, and by an AT1 receptor blocker.	beta-D-galactose	13-21	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	122-125
27617860-5	2016	These 3 chemicals, particularly JH4, alleviated nuclear deformation and reversed senescence markers characteristic of HGPS cells, including growth arrest and senescence-associated beta-gal (SA-beta-gal) activity.	beta-D-galactose	180-188	immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-53	Mus musculus	32-35
27343467-4	2016	Shh pathway activation was suggested, as the numbers of GFP+ (Shh) and beta-Gal+ (Ptch1, a target of the pathway) cells increased in the granulation tissue.	beta-D-galactose	71-79	sonic hedgehog	Mus musculus	0-3
27488634-5	2016	TAT.ARC-treated mice showed better performance in the pole test compared with TAT.beta-Gal-treated controls.	beta-D-galactose	82-90	nucleolar protein 3 (apoptosis repressor with CARD domain)	Mus musculus	4-7
26959282-5	2016	To gain structural insight into its substrate specificity, we determined crystal structures of TBG4 and its complex with beta-d-galactose.	beta-D-galactose	121-137	beta-galactosidase 4	Solanum lycopersicum	95-99
26573928-4	2016	Growth hormone (GH) producing adenomas showed the strongest SA-beta-GAL, with densely granulated (DG)-GH adenomas more reactive than the sparsely granulated (SG).	beta-D-galactose	63-71	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-14
26573928-4	2016	Growth hormone (GH) producing adenomas showed the strongest SA-beta-GAL, with densely granulated (DG)-GH adenomas more reactive than the sparsely granulated (SG).	beta-D-galactose	63-71	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	16-18
26112901-1	2016	AIM: The purposes of this study were to investigate senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-Gal) levels in articular cartilage of knee osteoarthritis (OA) and the relationship with severity of the disease.	beta-D-galactose	97-105	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	74-92
26909594-5	2016	Conversely, upregulation of GDF15-induced cellular senescence in HAECs, confirmed by G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, decreased during cell proliferation and increased SA-beta-gal staining.	beta-D-galactose	163-171	growth differentiation factor 15	Homo sapiens	28-33
26885980-7	2016	Treatment with both TRF and ATF was beneficial to senescent myoblasts in reclaiming the morphology of young cells, improved cell viability and decreased SA-beta-gal expression.	beta-D-galactose	156-164	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	28-31
24788960-7	2015	With SA-beta-Gal staining, we show that Klf4(-/-) MEFs enter senescence earlier than Klf4(+/+) MEFs, and western blot shows accumulation of p21 and p53 with increasing passages.	beta-D-galactose	8-16	Kruppel-like factor 4 (gut)	Mus musculus	40-44
26497328-11	2015	Therefore, interactions between integrins and galectin-3 may be mediated through beta-galactose that is linked to glycans of integrins.	beta-D-galactose	81-95	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	46-56
32262723-7	2015	beta-Galactose anchored LC microdroplets were able to detect 1.0 +- 0.1 HepG2 cells per mum2 of the test cell and had shown significantly high reproducibility (p < 0.05, n = 3).	beta-D-galactose	0-14	trafficking protein particle complex subunit 1	Homo sapiens	88-92
26379189-8	2015	In addition, tumors as well as regenerating tissues in the p53 reporter mice also expressed high level of beta-gal.	beta-D-galactose	106-114	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	59-62
26244551-9	2015	The upregulation of PGC-1alpha increased the levels of mRNA for antioxidant enzymes and stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis, decreased ROS levels, and reduced SA-beta-gal staining in H2O2-treated ARPE-19 cells.	beta-D-galactose	162-170	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	20-30
26056007-5	2015	Furthermore, evaluation of cellular senescence revealed prominent induction of SA-beta-gal-positive senescent cells in cultures with Wnt-CM.	beta-D-galactose	82-90	wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 10B	Mus musculus	133-136
26084179-5	2015	RESULT: Compared with the senescence group, the Rg1 anti-senescence group and the Rg1-treated group showed lower percentage in SA-beta-Gal-stained positive cells, decreased cell proportion in G1 phase, increased number of CFU-Mix, up-regulated in SIRT6 mRNA and protein expression, down-regulation in NF-KB mRNA and protein expression.	beta-D-galactose	130-138	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A	Homo sapiens	48-51
25879533-10	2015	The small interfering RNA of p22phox undermined the increase in SA-beta-gal activity induced by intermittent high glucose.	beta-D-galactose	67-75	cytochrome b-245 alpha chain	Homo sapiens	29-36
25775241-7	2015	Finally, robust bioluminescence of the EGFR-targeted beta-gal complex was captured within the tumor during noninvasive in vivo imaging.	beta-D-galactose	53-61	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	39-43
25876105-2	2015	Lysosomal-beta-galactosidase (GLB1) hydrolyzes beta-galactose from glycoconjugates and is the origin of senescence-associated beta-gal activity (SA-beta-gal).	beta-D-galactose	47-61	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	30-34
25746286-6	2015	This latter effect was abolished upon addition of the selective iNOS inhibitor, 1400 W. Ad-WT-Hsp22 significantly increased global iNOS expression by about 2.5-fold (P&lt;0.01), and also increased iNOS mitochondrial localization by 4.5 fold vs. beta-gal (P&lt;0.05).	beta-D-galactose	245-253	heat shock protein family B (small) member 8	Homo sapiens	88-99
25547362-4	2015	The HBGA binding interface of BV is composed of a conserved central binding pocket (CBP) that interacts with the beta-galactose of the precursor, and a well-developed Le epitope-binding site formed by five amino acids, including three consecutive residues from the long P-loop and one from the S-loop of the P1 subdomain, a feature that was not seen in the other GI NoVs.	beta-D-galactose	113-127	hemoglobin subunit gamma 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
25736378-2	2015	Genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of Shp2 induces senescence, as determined by the activation of senescence-associated beta-gal (SA-beta-gal), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27), p53, and histone 3 trimethylated lysine 9 (H3K9me3).	beta-D-galactose	132-140	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11	Mus musculus	50-54
26084179-5	2015	RESULT: Compared with the senescence group, the Rg1 anti-senescence group and the Rg1-treated group showed lower percentage in SA-beta-Gal-stained positive cells, decreased cell proportion in G1 phase, increased number of CFU-Mix, up-regulated in SIRT6 mRNA and protein expression, down-regulation in NF-KB mRNA and protein expression.	beta-D-galactose	130-138	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A	Homo sapiens	82-85
24969594-5	2014	ALP expression and activity showed a significant decrease at the 8th passage after inhibition (35.36 +- 2.55) U/g, compared with the negative control group[(49.76 +- 4.30) U/g] (t = 4.989, P = 0.008).SA-beta-Gal-positive cells could be seen as early as the 8th passage and more positive cells were evident at the 10th passage.	beta-D-galactose	203-211	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	0-3
25087910-11	2014	The percentage of SA-beta-Gal-positive cells induced by H2 O2 treatment was decreased by glucosamine, accompanied by the decline of p70S6K phosphorylation.	beta-D-galactose	21-29	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Rattus norvegicus	132-138
25525995-3	2015	The main linkage type of DP1 were proven to be (1   3)-linked alpha-l-Man, (1   2,6)-linked alpha-d-Glc, (1   6)-linked beta-d-Glc, (1   6)-linked beta-d-Gal, and (1   6)-linked beta-d-Man by periodate oxidation-Smith degradation and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis.	beta-D-galactose	147-157	prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens	25-28