PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
10072180-3	1999	ODC activity was determined in 20000 g supernatant fluid of thymus, spleen and lung by measuring the release of 14CO2 from L-[1-14C]ornithine.	14co2	112-117	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
10430362-5	1999	Ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activities were measured as the release of 14CO2 from L-[-14C]ornithine and S-adenosyl-L-[carboxyl14C]methionine, respectively.	14co2	106-111	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-23
10227173-4	1999	Inoculation of these two soils with DC1 and PD2 (bacteria capable of accelerating the phenanthrene and pyrene mineralisation in soil in the absence of crude oil) either at day 0 or after release as 14CO2 by indigenous degraders had ceased, failed to increase or initiate further mineralisation.	14co2	198-203	PAF1 homolog, Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component	Homo sapiens	44-47
10373607-6	1999	Effect of hGLUT1 on production of 14CO2 from glucose was greater than that of rHKII.	14co2	34-39	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	10-16
10094581-8	1999	When leptin (100 nM) was combined with insulin in the incubation medium, the 14CO2 production rose almost 4-fold (397%) (P < 0.05) and more than 5-fold (527%) (P < 0.05) for the 100 microU/ml and 10000 microU/ml insulin concentrations, respectively.	14co2	77-82	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	5-11
10503956-7	1999	The mean ODC activity (pmol 14CO2/mg.	14co2	28-33	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	9-12
9153644-3	1997	GAD activity was determined by quantification of 14CO2 liberated from [1-(14)C]glutamate by supernatant 20,000 x g of brain homogenate prepared from rats killed at different intervals after 3-MPA administration.	14co2	49-54	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
10477082-4	1999	In conclusion, the results of the present study show that the hyperglycemia induced by intravenous (IV) administration of angiotensin II is accompanied by an activation of gluconeogenesis, as evidenced by a rapid and marked increase in the rate of 14CO2 incorporation into circulating glucose.	14co2	248-253	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	122-136
10030456-2	1998	Nitrosodimethylamine labeled with 14C on both methyl groups was administered to rats and exhaled 14CO2 was collected during 2-3 h. The nitrosodimethylamine breath test was increased by inducers of CYP2E1, such as ethanol (+139%) and 4-methylpyrazole (+115%), and decreased by the inhibitor diallyl sulfide (-53%).	14co2	97-102	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	197-203
9177391-9	1997	On the other hand, when differences in basal rates were taken into account, insulin-induced suppression of both EGP and incorporation of 14CO2 into glucose did not differ on the two occasions.	14co2	137-142	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
8824622-2	1996	Cells of strain EB1 mineralized ethylbenzene to CO2 under denitrifying conditions, as demonstrated by conversion of 69% of [14C]ethylbenzene to 14CO2.	14co2	144-149	microtubule associated protein RP/EB family member 1	Homo sapiens	16-19
9178284-6	1997	The injection of LPS also alters the metabolic response of hepatocytes to the dimethyl ester of succinic acid (SAD), in terms, for instance, of the sparing action of the ester upon both the production of 14CO2 by hepatocytes prelabeled with L-[U-14C] glutamine and the output of NH4+, and its inhibitory action on glycogenolysis and futile cycling in the reactions catalyzed by glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase.	14co2	204-209	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	378-389
9178284-6	1997	The injection of LPS also alters the metabolic response of hepatocytes to the dimethyl ester of succinic acid (SAD), in terms, for instance, of the sparing action of the ester upon both the production of 14CO2 by hepatocytes prelabeled with L-[U-14C] glutamine and the output of NH4+, and its inhibitory action on glycogenolysis and futile cycling in the reactions catalyzed by glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase.	14co2	204-209	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	394-415
9022291-6	1996	Expression and activity of ODC were determined by RT-PCR and measurement of 14CO2 release from L-1-14C ornithine, respectively.	14co2	76-81	ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1	Mus musculus	27-30
8719885-2	1995	Plating non-transformed IEC-6 epithelial cells at high versus low cell density restricted cell spreading from 900 microns 2 to approximately 140 microns 2, blunted the transient induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity from 202 to 32 pmol 14CO2/mg protein per hour and reduced the rate of [14C] putrescine uptake from 46 to 23 pmol/10(5) cells per hour.	14co2	244-249	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	191-214
8670156-3	1996	When OST cells were incubated with glycerol tri[1-14C]palmitate, TNF-alpha decreased dose- and time-dependently the production of 14CO2 and the amounts of radioactivity incorporated into cellular triacylglycerol and phospholipid.	14co2	130-135	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	65-74
8847493-9	1995	In LDLr-deficient mice the appearance of 14CO2 was slower when compared with control mice and in apoE-deficient mice the appearance of 14CO2 was extremely small.	14co2	41-46	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	3-7
8576226-9	1996	Furthermore, 14CO2 formation from [U-14C]glucose was 1.6-fold higher, whereas 14CO2 formation from [6-14C]glucose was unmodified, in AdCMV-MGP fibers.	14co2	13-18	matrix Gla protein	Homo sapiens	139-142
8719885-7	1995	In contrast to IEC-6 cells, ornithine decarboxylase of neoplastic HTC-116 cells was constitutively expressed with basal and stimulated activity (193 and 982 pmol 14CO2/mg protein per hour, respectively) completely independent of cell adhesion.	14co2	162-167	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-51
8199691-0	1994	Evaluation of diamine oxidase activity (DAO) in the rat intestinal mucosa by measuring expired 14CO2 after oral administration of 14C-putrescine.	14co2	95-100	amine oxidase, copper containing 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-29
7596346-1	1995	Intravenous administration of a single dose (100 micrograms/kg bw) of recombinant tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF, cachectin) to rats increased the rate of in vitro fatty acid synthesis in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) from both glucose and alanine, without changes in the oxidation of these substrates to 14CO2.	14co2	320-325	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
7596346-1	1995	Intravenous administration of a single dose (100 micrograms/kg bw) of recombinant tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF, cachectin) to rats increased the rate of in vitro fatty acid synthesis in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) from both glucose and alanine, without changes in the oxidation of these substrates to 14CO2.	14co2	320-325	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	117-126
7860757-7	1995	Both glucose release and the proportion of systemic glucose being derived from 14CO2 (an index of gluconeogenesis) was inappropriately high for the prevailing insulin concentration in the diabetic subjects.	14co2	79-84	insulin	Homo sapiens	159-166
7668983-10	1995	injection of 14C-(CH3)- and 35S-methionine by 14CO2-excretion with breath and 35S-excretion with excrements.	14co2	46-51	SRY-box 3	Gallus gallus	18-21
12232275-1	1994	In an assay of carbonic anhydrase (CA), NAH14CO3 soltution at the bottom of a sealed vessel releases 14CO2, which diffuses to the top of the vessel to be assimilated by photosynthesizing Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells that have been adapted to a low-CO2 environment.	14co2	101-106	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	15-33
12232275-1	1994	In an assay of carbonic anhydrase (CA), NAH14CO3 soltution at the bottom of a sealed vessel releases 14CO2, which diffuses to the top of the vessel to be assimilated by photosynthesizing Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells that have been adapted to a low-CO2 environment.	14co2	101-106	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	35-37
8064165-3	1994	Left ventricular, aortic and mesenteric vascular ornithine decarboxylase activity was determined 4 h later by measuring 14CO2 evolved from [14C]-ornithine.	14co2	120-125	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-72
8847493-9	1995	In LDLr-deficient mice the appearance of 14CO2 was slower when compared with control mice and in apoE-deficient mice the appearance of 14CO2 was extremely small.	14co2	135-140	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	97-101
7768614-6	1995	14CO2 production from L-[14C]glutamine in Percoll-density-gradient-purified E. risticii was inhibited by A23187 but not by W-7 or verapamil, suggesting that Ca2+ but not calmodulin directly regulates ehrlichials glutamine oxidation.	14co2	0-5	calmodulin 2	Mus musculus	170-180
7599937-6	1995	TOH activity was studied in situ in intact, cultured, bovine adrenal chromaffin cells, by measuring 14CO2 evolved following the hydroxylation and rapid decarboxylation of [14C]-tyrosine offered to the cells.	14co2	100-105	tyrosine hydroxylase	Bos taurus	0-3
7615580-3	1995	Insulin release was monitored using RIA and insulin bioactivity determined using the rate of insulin stimulated D-[U14C] glucose oxidation to 14CO2.	14co2	142-147	insulin	Bos taurus	93-100
7765670-5	1994	PCB degradative activity in the New England soil was indicated by a 50% PCB disappearance (gas chromatography), accumulation of chlorobenzoates (HPLC), and 14CO2 evolution from 14C-2CB.	14co2	156-161	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	0-3
8042994-3	1994	over 24 h showed an increase in 14CO2 production and a decrease in the total [14C]lipid transferred through the mammary gland that was paralleled by a decrease in tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity.	14co2	32-37	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	170-188
8042994-3	1994	over 24 h showed an increase in 14CO2 production and a decrease in the total [14C]lipid transferred through the mammary gland that was paralleled by a decrease in tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity.	14co2	32-37	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	190-193
8143969-6	1994	Ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activities were measured as the release of 14CO2 from L-[1-14C]ornithine and S-adenosyl-L-[carboxyl-14C]methionine, respectively.	14co2	106-111	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-23
8199691-0	1994	Evaluation of diamine oxidase activity (DAO) in the rat intestinal mucosa by measuring expired 14CO2 after oral administration of 14C-putrescine.	14co2	95-100	D-amino-acid oxidase	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
8199691-1	1994	This study was performed to investigate whether mucosal diamine oxidase activity could be assessed by measuring expired 14CO2 after oral administration of 14C-putrescine.	14co2	120-125	amine oxidase, copper containing 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-71
8199691-5	1994	A positive correlation between the mucosal diamine oxidase activity and the maximal expired 14CO2 value was obtained.	14co2	92-97	amine oxidase, copper containing 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-58
8274158-2	1993	DPD was assayed in tissue extracts by measuring the release of 14CO2 from [2-14C]uracil with an improved method.	14co2	63-68	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
8186667-2	1994	Under these conditions lipoprotein lipase activity was present in human adipose tissue fragments which converted [14C]glucose to 14CO2 and [14C]triglyceride.	14co2	129-134	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	23-41
8280112-10	1994	The central role of pyruvate carboxylase in the conversion of glucose carbon into glutamine carbon was demonstrated by using a bicarbonate-free medium and measuring the fixation of 14CO2 from [14C]bicarbonate, which was recovered mostly at C-1 of glutamine plus glutamate.	14co2	181-186	pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial	Cavia porcellus	20-40
1336373-5	1992	In the present study we have evaluated vitamin K-dependent 14CO2 incorporation to VDR quantitated by immunoprecipitation with anti-VDR monoclonal antibodies.	14co2	59-64	vitamin D receptor	Rattus norvegicus	131-134
8403244-4	1993	Hepatic PEPCK enzymatic activity was measured by condensing 14CO2 with phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form malate.	14co2	60-65	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-13
8474697-1	1993	Production of 14CO2 and [14C]branched-chain keto acids (BCKA) was determined from [U-14C]branched-chain amino acids along with the activities of branched-chain amino acid transaminase (BCAA-T) and branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKA-DH) in mitochondria isolated from the cerebral cortex of normal and hyperammonemic rats.	14co2	14-19	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Rattus norvegicus	185-189
8274289-5	1993	Biopsies were taken 8 h after stripping and ODC activity was assessed by measurement of 14CO2 release.	14co2	88-93	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	44-47
1562025-9	1992	A significant correlation between hematocrit and 14CO2 production was observed in the EPO treatment group (latex: n = 44, r = 0.47, P less than 0.05; zymosan: n = 44, r = 0.57, P less than 0.001).	14co2	49-54	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	86-89
1618050-7	1992	The baseline submucosal ODC activity was measured at 0.2 +/- 0.1 pmol (14CO2)/mg protein/hr, and at one day the ODC activity increased to 4.0 +/- 0.7, at three days to 15.2 +/- 5.5, and at seven days to 2.6 +/- 1.0 (P less than 0.001).	14co2	71-76	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Canis lupus familiaris	24-27
1453491-3	1992	Malate was oxidatively metabolized in all three cell types with nominal rates of 14CO2 production of 2-15 pmol x min-1 x mg-1.	14co2	81-86	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	113-118
1375436-3	1992	The onset of this response was 16 h after the addition of PRL, and the response persisted for at least 24 h. A similar temporal response was observed when the PRL stimulation of [14C]glucose oxidation to 14CO2 was determined.	14co2	204-209	prolactin	Mus musculus	159-162
1540627-2	1992	Both these compounds, which are substrates of guinea pig lens zeta-crystallin (NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase), were found to cause increases in the rate of 14CO2 production from 1-14C-labelled glucose.	14co2	155-160	quinone oxidoreductase	Cavia porcellus	62-77
1727443-2	1992	Rats of different ages were subjected to hyperthermia, and GAD activity was determined in brain homogenates by measuring the release of 14CO2 from labeled glutamate and by measuring the formation of GABA.	14co2	136-141	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
2479558-3	1989	In the cholecystokinin-treated animals ornithine decarboxylase activity was increased after 2 h, reached a maximum after 8 h (444.6 pmol 14CO2 h-1 mg-1 DNA, about 65-fold greater than controls, P less than 0.001) followed by a significant increase of putrescine after 6 h and spermidine after 24 h while spermine remained unchanged.	14co2	137-142	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-62
1907141-0	1991	Histidine decarboxylase measurement in brain by 14CO2 trapping.	14co2	48-53	histidine decarboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	0-23
1907141-1	1991	A method for measuring histidine decarboxylase (HDC) in crude rat brain homogenates was developed by modification of existing 14CO2-trapping methods.	14co2	126-131	histidine decarboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	23-46
1907141-1	1991	A method for measuring histidine decarboxylase (HDC) in crude rat brain homogenates was developed by modification of existing 14CO2-trapping methods.	14co2	126-131	histidine decarboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
2331437-3	1990	Production of 14CO2 from U-14C-glucose was reduced in TNF-alpha treated animals, while production of 14CO2 from U-14C-palmitate was not significantly different from controls, suggesting that the glucose was not being used to provide an increased metabolic rate.	14co2	14-19	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	54-63
2593308-3	1989	ODC activities (pmoles 14CO2/hr/mg prot, mean +/- SD) in colon tissue were 122 +/- 10.6 (n = 6) in DMH with theophylline group, 28.3 +/- 2.13 (n = 8) in DMH alone group, 21.3 +/- 1.67 (n = 6) in control group respectively.	14co2	23-28	ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1	Mus musculus	0-3
1903108-2	1991	As monitored by the rate of 14CO2 production from [2-14C]pyruvate (0.5 mM), EGF (10 nM) transiently stimulated the activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle.	14co2	28-33	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
1696756-12	1990	These data indicate that the more extensive metabolism of CCl4, as represented by 14CO2 formation and 14C-label bound to hepatic tissue, in gerbils as compared with rats, may partially explain the high sensitivity of gerbils to CCl4 toxicity.	14co2	82-87	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	58-62
2189597-2	1990	Male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to the tumor-promoting regimen of a CD diet for 10 days showed increases in hepatic ODC activity from 2.68 +/- 0.42 pmol 14CO2/mg protein/h in the animals fed basal control chow (C) to 13.54 +/- 2.38 (P less than 0.02) in the rats fed CD diet.	14co2	154-159	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
2399270-3	1990	PAF, at a concentration of 10(-10) and 10(-8) M, augmented significantly the generation of 14CO2 from labelled glucose in uteri from pregnant rats in the 4 th day of pregnancy.	14co2	91-96	PCNA clamp associated factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
2399270-8	1990	Indomethacin, a well known inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, did not alter the basal glucose metabolism in uteri from 5 days pregnant rats, but antagonized completely the stimulating action of PAF on 14CO2 production from labelled glucose an effect that was partially reverted by the addition of PGE1, PGE2 or PGF2 alpha (10(-7) M).	14co2	204-209	PCNA clamp associated factor	Rattus norvegicus	197-200
2564395-2	1989	VIP (10(-7) M) increased more than 2-fold the production of 14CO2 from [U-14C]palmitate.	14co2	60-65	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
2506171-3	1989	Assuming only 1) that all C-1 of glucose is released to CO2 on entry to the shunt and 2) that the shunt provides the only mechanism for increasing C-1 of glucose over C-6 of glucose in CO2, it is very simply shown that the flux from glucose to the shunt is not less than the difference between the 14CO2 outputs at any time after adding labeled glucose nor more than the steady-state output of 14CO2 from [1-14C]glucose.	14co2	298-303	complement C6	Gallus gallus	167-170
2506171-3	1989	Assuming only 1) that all C-1 of glucose is released to CO2 on entry to the shunt and 2) that the shunt provides the only mechanism for increasing C-1 of glucose over C-6 of glucose in CO2, it is very simply shown that the flux from glucose to the shunt is not less than the difference between the 14CO2 outputs at any time after adding labeled glucose nor more than the steady-state output of 14CO2 from [1-14C]glucose.	14co2	394-399	complement C6	Gallus gallus	167-170
2506171-5	1989	The value for the minimum flux rate can be maximized by following the time course of the C-1 - C-6 difference in 14CO2 during the transient phase before isotopic equilibration is complete, but useful values can be obtained when the time course is not available.	14co2	113-118	complement C6	Gallus gallus	95-98
2499219-1	1989	A modified microassay for the determination of metabolically generated 14CO2 is described and is applied to the measurement of ornithine decarboxylase in animal tissue preparations.	14co2	71-76	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	127-150
2499356-4	1989	The decreased rate of the production of acid-soluble products from [1-14C]oleate in response to vasopressin could be explained by the sum of the increased rates of 14CO2 formation and [1-14C]oleate esterification.	14co2	164-169	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	96-107
2667487-8	1989	MTP-1307 increased 14CO2 production from glucose in isolated epididymal fat pads of ob/ob mice.	14co2	19-24	lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 4A	Mus musculus	0-3
2913056-7	1989	Breath 14CO2 production rose in patients retested after treatment with the P-450IIIA inducers dexamethasone (P less than 0.05) or rifampicin (P less than 0.05) and was decreased after treatment with the HLp inhibitor triacetyloleandomycin (P less than 0.05).	14co2	7-12	HLP	Homo sapiens	203-206
2492669-2	1989	Insulin-like effects were measured by the ability of PGF, insulin, or hGH to stimulate oxidation of [U-14C]glucose to 14CO2, to stimulate lipogenesis, and to inhibit epinephrine-induced lipolysis.	14co2	118-123	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
2492669-2	1989	Insulin-like effects were measured by the ability of PGF, insulin, or hGH to stimulate oxidation of [U-14C]glucose to 14CO2, to stimulate lipogenesis, and to inhibit epinephrine-induced lipolysis.	14co2	118-123	placental growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
2492669-2	1989	Insulin-like effects were measured by the ability of PGF, insulin, or hGH to stimulate oxidation of [U-14C]glucose to 14CO2, to stimulate lipogenesis, and to inhibit epinephrine-induced lipolysis.	14co2	118-123	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
2467222-4	1988	Typical ODC activities in ipsilateral and contralateral DRG samples were 6.18 +/- 1.4 and 0.31 +/- 0.09 pmol 14CO2 released/h/3DRG, respectively.	14co2	109-114	ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1	Mus musculus	8-11
2509268-4	1989	In the camostate group pancreatic ornithine decarboxylase activity was elevated after 2 h, reaching a maximum after 6 h (1,858.5 pmol 14CO2/h/mg DNA, about 200-fold above controls) followed by a significant increase in putrescine after 4 h and spermidine after 24 h while spermine remained unchanged.	14co2	134-139	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-57
2840265-3	1988	Before refeeding on day 4, ODC activity was 7.4 U (1 U = 1 pmol 14CO2 released/mg protein.60 min at 37 C).	14co2	64-69	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
3146234-0	1988	Apparent ornithine decarboxylase activity, measured by 14CO2 trapping, after frozen storage of rat tissue and rat tissue supernatants.	14co2	55-60	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-32
3146234-1	1988	Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity of rat tissues was measured by the standard 14CO2 trapping method after frozen storage (-60 or -70 degrees C) of the tissues or their 105,000g supernatants.	14co2	83-88	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-23
3146234-1	1988	Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity of rat tissues was measured by the standard 14CO2 trapping method after frozen storage (-60 or -70 degrees C) of the tissues or their 105,000g supernatants.	14co2	83-88	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
3136663-2	1988	In normal rats, renal ODC activity increased from 11.0 +/- 7.4 (SD) to 36.7 +/- 15.4 pmol 14CO2.min-1.g wet wt-1 3 h after UN (P less than 0.002); 1 wk later the remaining kidney weight had increased from 0.38 to 0.46% body weight (P less than 0.001).	14co2	90-95	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
3042372-5	1988	Basal and insulin-stimulated [U-14C]glucose oxidation to 14CO2 in adipose tissue were measured in vitro after in vivo treatments; insulin release by isolated pancreatic islets was determined in vitro.	14co2	57-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	10-17
3290218-3	1988	In vitro 14CO2 gamma-carboxylation of these substrates, triggered by reduced vitamin K1H2, resulted in release of 14C-labeled prothrombin precursors from the membrane fragments, but no release of 14C-labeled factor X precursors could be demonstrated, which suggested a difference in early processing of these substrates by the carboxylase.	14co2	9-14	coagulation factor II	Rattus norvegicus	126-137
3290218-6	1988	On the other hand, the membrane concentration of prothrombin antigens did not increase in response to the drug, and 14CO2 gamma-carboxylation of the membrane pool of prothrombin carboxylase substrates was the same in warfarin and saline-treated rats.	14co2	116-121	coagulation factor II	Rattus norvegicus	166-177
2451866-8	1988	Expiration of 14CO2 measured during the 6 hr after CCl4 administration was increased in animals pretreated with PB or CD.	14co2	14-19	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	51-55
2833512-1	1988	The metabolic flux through the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase reaction in perfused livers was monitored by measuring the rate of 14CO2 production from [1-14C]alpha-ketoglutarate.	14co2	132-137	oxoglutarate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	31-64
3131129-2	1988	Insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation, as determined by measurement of 14CO2 production, was enhanced 106% after administration of hGH-(1-43) at a dosage of 1 microgram/day for 3 days.	14co2	70-75	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
3042031-11	1988	The effect of hCG may have been mediated by cyclic adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate (cAMP), since forskolin also enhanced 14CO2 production.	14co2	119-124	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	14-17
3678753-3	1987	The test is based on the hydrolysis of cholesteryl-[1-14C]octanoate by pancreatic carboxyl ester lipase (cholesterol esterase) with subsequent absorption and hepatic metabolism of the liberated octanoate to 14CO2.	14co2	207-212	carboxyl ester lipase	Homo sapiens	82-103
3383283-9	1988	As measured by respiration of 14CO2, metabolism of BOP was faster in the two groups of male rats with the estradiol implant than in the other groups.	14co2	30-35	opsin 1, short wave sensitive	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
3678753-3	1987	The test is based on the hydrolysis of cholesteryl-[1-14C]octanoate by pancreatic carboxyl ester lipase (cholesterol esterase) with subsequent absorption and hepatic metabolism of the liberated octanoate to 14CO2.	14co2	207-212	carboxyl ester lipase	Homo sapiens	105-125
3678753-11	1987	Addition of pancreatic enzyme supplementation to the test meal increased 14CO2 output in 6 of 6 patients with moderate or severe steatorrhea, suggesting that the activity of pancreatic carboxyl ester lipase was rate limiting in these patients.	14co2	73-78	carboxyl ester lipase	Homo sapiens	185-206
2822236-1	1987	In insulin-producing cells of the RINm5F line, the nonmetabolized analogue of L-leucine, 2-aminobicyclo[2,2,1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid decreases O2 consumption, lowers ATP content, and inhibits insulin release despite stimulation of both NH4 production and 14CO2 output from cells prelabeled with L-[U-14C]glutamine.	14co2	258-263	insulin	Homo sapiens	3-10
3426563-3	1987	TNF stimulated 14CO2 production from [U-14C]glucose in rat hemidiaphragm preparations, but lactate production and alanine release were not significantly altered.	14co2	15-20	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
2955240-4	1987	Moreover, amounts of 14CO2 generated from 1-[14CO2]glucose during the initial six hour incubation period were the same in control and NGF-treated cells.	14co2	21-26	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
3114584-12	1987	The marked stimulatory effect of vasopressin on 14CO2 production from [1-14C]oleate was not reproduced even by the combination of PMA and A23187.	14co2	48-53	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	33-44
3114584-3	1987	Conversion of [1-14C]oleate into 14CO2 and esterified products was stimulated by vasopressin.	14co2	33-38	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	81-92
3622907-6	1987	A contributive role for aldose reductase in the anomeric control of D-glucose 6-phosphate circulation in the pentose phosphate pathway should not be ruled out, since aldose reductase inhibitors decrease the production of 14CO2 by erythrocytes exposed to D-[U-14C]glucose.	14co2	221-226	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B	Homo sapiens	24-40
3622907-8	1987	Nevertheless, the essential role of hexokinase in such an anomeric control is supported by the finding that, in the presence of menadione, which augments considerably D-[U-14C]glucose oxidation but fails to affect D-[5-3H]glucose utilization, the anomeric alpha/beta ratio in 14CO2 production from D-[U-14C]glucose follows, at increasing concentrations of the hexose, the same pattern as that found for its phosphorylation.	14co2	276-281	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	36-46
3622907-6	1987	A contributive role for aldose reductase in the anomeric control of D-glucose 6-phosphate circulation in the pentose phosphate pathway should not be ruled out, since aldose reductase inhibitors decrease the production of 14CO2 by erythrocytes exposed to D-[U-14C]glucose.	14co2	221-226	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B	Homo sapiens	166-182
3081514-3	1986	Porcine glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase catalyzed the conversion of [1,5-14C]glutaryl-CoA to [14C] crotonyl-CoA and 14CO2 in a 1:1:1 ratio.	14co2	111-116	glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	8-34
3091366-4	1986	Phenylephrine, vasopressin and angiotensin II stimulated 14CO2 production from [2-14C]acetate in livers derived from fed rats but not in livers of 24-h-fasted rats.	14co2	57-62	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	15-26
3091366-4	1986	Phenylephrine, vasopressin and angiotensin II stimulated 14CO2 production from [2-14C]acetate in livers derived from fed rats but not in livers of 24-h-fasted rats.	14co2	57-62	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	31-45
2937407-2	1986	When injected 15 min prior to administration of [14C]aminopyrine, ethanol reduced the 14CO2 exhalation rate in both ADH- and ADH+ deermice.	14co2	86-91	alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	116-119
3798958-1	1986	The effect of three inducers of cytochrome P-450-mediated drug oxidations (Pregnenolone carbonitrile, promethazine and antipyrine) on antipyrine metabolite kinetics has been investigated using the urinary metabolite pattern and 14CO2 exhalation rate (CER)-time profile following [N-methyl-14C]antipyrine administration.	14co2	228-233	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-48
3527174-5	1986	Incubation of [1-14C-acetyl]CAR with rat brain homogenate resulted in the formation of 14CO2.	14co2	87-92	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
2937407-2	1986	When injected 15 min prior to administration of [14C]aminopyrine, ethanol reduced the 14CO2 exhalation rate in both ADH- and ADH+ deermice.	14co2	86-91	alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	125-129
3994698-1	1985	In human RBC hemolysates, Mn2+ was found to stimulate the HMP as determined by the release of 14CO2 from [1-14C]glucose, providing activities of 125, 200, and 300% of basal at Mn2+ concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 mM, respectively.	14co2	94-99	inner membrane mitochondrial protein	Homo sapiens	58-61
3939391-8	1985	Finally, microinjection of pure yeast hexokinase stimulates markedly 14CO2 release and inhibits glycogen synthesis.	14co2	69-74	hexokinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	38-48
2992516-5	1985	Adrenaline, noradrenaline, vasopressin or angiotensin II increased 14CO2 production from both [1-14C] oleate and [1-14C] myristate but the degree of stimulation was similar in the absence or presence of 3-mercaptopicolinate.	14co2	67-72	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	27-38
2992516-5	1985	Adrenaline, noradrenaline, vasopressin or angiotensin II increased 14CO2 production from both [1-14C] oleate and [1-14C] myristate but the degree of stimulation was similar in the absence or presence of 3-mercaptopicolinate.	14co2	67-72	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	42-56
4007139-3	1985	The levels of ODC activity in the livers of control and experimental rats were assayed in vitro by measuring the release of 14CO2 from DL-[1-14C]ornithine.	14co2	124-129	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
3967842-3	1985	The biological actions of GH determined were the stimulation of 14C-glucose oxidation to 14CO2 and conversion to 14C-lipid.	14co2	89-94	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	26-28
6442560-11	1984	The rates of glucose uptake and lactate production increased while the rates of 14CO2 production from C-1- and C-6-labelled glucose decreased as the PO2 decreased.	14co2	80-85	complement component C6	Ovis aries	102-114
6391487-1	1984	3T3-F442A adipocytes incubated in the presence of growth hormone (GH) showed a transient stimulation of the incorporation of [14C]glucose into cellular lipids, or production of 14CO2 in the first 4 hr.	14co2	177-182	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	50-64
6205439-3	1984	In patients with chronic pancreatitis, breath 14CO2 excretion was reduced by wheat bran, which also caused a reduction in lipase and amylase activities of duodenal aspirates after a test meal.	14co2	46-51	probable feruloyl esterase A	Triticum aestivum	122-128
6437140-3	1984	Pretreatment with cytochrome P-450 inhibitors resulted in a marked decrease in the rate of 14CO2-formation, when measured as peak 14CO2-exhalation rate (PER): After piperonyl butoxide pretreatment the degradation rate of a high-chlorinated 14C-dodecane (PCDD II; 68% Cl w/w) to 14CO2 was 16% of control, and after metyrapone pretreatment 40%.	14co2	91-96	cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	18-34
6437140-3	1984	Pretreatment with cytochrome P-450 inhibitors resulted in a marked decrease in the rate of 14CO2-formation, when measured as peak 14CO2-exhalation rate (PER): After piperonyl butoxide pretreatment the degradation rate of a high-chlorinated 14C-dodecane (PCDD II; 68% Cl w/w) to 14CO2 was 16% of control, and after metyrapone pretreatment 40%.	14co2	130-135	cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	18-34
6437140-3	1984	Pretreatment with cytochrome P-450 inhibitors resulted in a marked decrease in the rate of 14CO2-formation, when measured as peak 14CO2-exhalation rate (PER): After piperonyl butoxide pretreatment the degradation rate of a high-chlorinated 14C-dodecane (PCDD II; 68% Cl w/w) to 14CO2 was 16% of control, and after metyrapone pretreatment 40%.	14co2	130-135	cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	18-34
6437140-5	1984	The cytochrome P-450 inducer phenobarbital moderately (PER 152%) increased the rate of 14CO2-formation from PCDD II, whereas 3-methylcholanthrene and several technical grade chlorinated paraffins generally gave less or no inductive effects.	14co2	87-92	cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	4-20
6437140-7	1984	The results indicate a cytochrome P-450-dependent degradation of C12-chloroalkanes to 14CO2 in vivo.	14co2	86-91	cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	23-39
6372998-2	1984	Both the ADH(+) and the ADH(-) strains rapidly metabolized [14C]MAM, administered in the form of the acetic acid ester, [14C] MAMOAc , to 14CO2, and the rates and extents of metabolism were virtually identical.	14co2	138-143	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	24-27
6440512-2	1984	Pulmonary pharmacokinetics of 14CO2 and CHCl3 exhalation after CCl4 administration were compared with those after Na214CO3 and 14CHCl3 administration.	14co2	30-35	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Homo sapiens	63-67
6374254-5	1984	The insulin stimulation of 14C-glucose (0.2 mM) incorporation to 14CO2 and total lipids was significantly reduced in the adipocytes pretreated with sera from 19 of the 29 uremic patients.	14co2	65-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
6242266-16	1984	All the groups showed linear correlation between the binding dependent velocity of degradation (Kap) and the net conversion of U-14C-glucose into 14CO2 at 30, 60 and 120 minutes, with ordinate close to zero (30 min: 0.1539; 60 min: -0.3812; 120 min: 0.1311).	14co2	146-151	kidney androgen regulated protein	Rattus norvegicus	96-99
6440512-3	1984	Exhalation of 14CO2 metabolite declined more rapidly than expected after hepatotoxic doses of CCl4.	14co2	14-19	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Homo sapiens	94-98
6409102-0	1983	Stimulation of [1-14C]oleate oxidation to 14CO2 in isolated rat hepatocytes by the catecholamines, vasopressin and angiotensin.	14co2	42-47	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	99-110
6195384-7	1983	N-5" dramatically suppressed the acceleration in the production of 14CO2.	14co2	67-72	DNA binding protein N5	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
6136270-1	1983	Vasopressin or alpha-adrenergic agents such as phenylephrine or adrenaline, but not glucagon, elicited an initial decrease in flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase assayed by 14CO2 production from [1-14C]pyruvate in perfused rat liver.	14co2	173-178	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
6477599-6	1984	Vasopressin and angiotensin II stimulated 14CO2 production from [1-14C] valerate and [1-14C]nonanoate but not from [1-14C]propionate and [1-14C]oleate in hepatocytes from starved rats.	14co2	42-47	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
6414548-0	1983	Effects of hyperthyroidism on stimulation of [1-14C]oleate oxidation to 14CO2 in isolated hepatocytes from fed rats by the catecholamines, vasopressin, and angiotensin II.	14co2	72-77	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	139-150
6414548-0	1983	Effects of hyperthyroidism on stimulation of [1-14C]oleate oxidation to 14CO2 in isolated hepatocytes from fed rats by the catecholamines, vasopressin, and angiotensin II.	14co2	72-77	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	156-170
6414548-1	1983	Possible effects of adrenaline, noradrenaline, vasopressin, and angiotensin II to increase 14CO2 production from [1-14C]oleate were examined in hepatocytes from fed L-triiodothyronine (T3)-treated or control rats.	14co2	91-96	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	64-78
6889001-6	1983	This was not due to the presence of a direct galactose oxidative pathway as assessed by the [14CO2] yield from C-1 and C-2 labeled galactose.	14co2	93-98	complement C2	Rattus norvegicus	111-122
6852208-2	1983	The levels of ODC activity in the livers of control and experimental rats were assayed in vitro by measuring the release of 14CO2 from DL-[1-14C]ornithine.	14co2	124-129	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
6409102-2	1983	Adrenaline, noradrenaline, vasopressin and angiotensin increased 14CO2 production from [1-14C]oleate by hepatocytes from fed rats but not by hepatocytes from starved rats.	14co2	65-70	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	27-38
6125358-0	1982	The in vivo measurement of expired 14CO2 derived from the N-demethylation of aminopyrine as a reflection of the in vitro hepatic cytochrome P-450 drug-metabolism activity in rats.	14co2	35-40	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-145
6679320-3	1983	Further studies on the glycine-14CO2 exchange catalyzed by p-protein and H-protein purified from chicken liver indicated that tiglyl CoA inhibited the activity of P-protein in an apparently competitive manner with respect to H-protein, and that cysteamine inhibited the activity of P-protein in two ways, by increasing the Km value for glycine and changing Vmax.	14co2	31-36	OCA2 melanosomal transmembrane protein	Gallus gallus	59-68
6679320-3	1983	Further studies on the glycine-14CO2 exchange catalyzed by p-protein and H-protein purified from chicken liver indicated that tiglyl CoA inhibited the activity of P-protein in an apparently competitive manner with respect to H-protein, and that cysteamine inhibited the activity of P-protein in two ways, by increasing the Km value for glycine and changing Vmax.	14co2	31-36	myosin binding protein H like	Gallus gallus	73-82
6679320-3	1983	Further studies on the glycine-14CO2 exchange catalyzed by p-protein and H-protein purified from chicken liver indicated that tiglyl CoA inhibited the activity of P-protein in an apparently competitive manner with respect to H-protein, and that cysteamine inhibited the activity of P-protein in two ways, by increasing the Km value for glycine and changing Vmax.	14co2	31-36	OCA2 melanosomal transmembrane protein	Gallus gallus	163-172
6660420-3	1983	Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activity in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of normal infants (n:14) and children (n:28) was determined by measuring the amount of 14CO2 released from L-[1-14C]-glutamic acid.	14co2	163-168	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	0-27
6660420-3	1983	Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activity in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of normal infants (n:14) and children (n:28) was determined by measuring the amount of 14CO2 released from L-[1-14C]-glutamic acid.	14co2	163-168	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	29-32
6838662-2	1983	In vivo tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TPO) activity in male rats was estimated from the rate of production of 14CO2 after intragastric administration of [14C-2]tryptophan.	14co2	108-113	tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase	Rattus norvegicus	8-34
6838662-2	1983	In vivo tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TPO) activity in male rats was estimated from the rate of production of 14CO2 after intragastric administration of [14C-2]tryptophan.	14co2	108-113	tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase	Rattus norvegicus	36-39
7132572-3	1982	ISOP pretreatment, which markedly enhanced the hepatotoxicity of CCl4, selectively enhanced the rate and total extent of 14CO2 and CHCl3 metabolite exhalation.	14co2	121-126	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
6814191-5	1981	After treatment of pregnant rats with the diamine oxidase inhibitor aminoguanidine the expiration of 14CO2 was almost completely inhibited.	14co2	101-106	amine oxidase, copper containing 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-57
6949641-12	1982	When exposed to latex beads and TPA, increased 14CO2 production from [1-14C]glucose in THP-1-O cells was observed.	14co2	47-52	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	87-92
7136756-2	1982	Administration of nandrolone resulted in an increased kidney weight and elevated activities of lysine and ornithine decarboxylase (assayed by measurement of the formation of 14CO2 from the 1-14C-labelled amino acids).	14co2	174-179	ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1	Mus musculus	106-129
7184470-6	1982	The ODC reaction was terminated by addition of citric acid to the buffer and the amount of 14CO2 released was determined by scintillation counting of a center well filled with trapping agent.	14co2	91-96	ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1	Mus musculus	4-7
7184470-7	1982	The baseline ODC activity of the intact cells was 500-1,000 pmol 14CO2/mg protein/45 min.	14co2	65-70	ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1	Mus musculus	13-16
6117857-3	1981	BCH caused a dose-related increase in 14CO2 output from islets prelabeled with L-[U-14C]glutamine.	14co2	38-43	chimerin 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
7301460-13	1981	At the same time, normal 150% increases in the in vitro production of 14CO2 from [1-14C]glucose in the presence of insulin occurred.	14co2	70-75	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
6778742-0	1980	A second site of vasopressin action on [1-14C]oleate metabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes: increased formation of 14CO2.	14co2	116-121	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	17-28
6790577-9	1981	However, the H-protein from the patient could stimulate the P-protein catalyzed exchange of the carboxyl carbon of glycine with 14CO2, although the specific activity of the purified H-protein from the patient was only 4% of that of control human H-protein.	14co2	128-133	myosin binding protein H	Homo sapiens	13-22
6790577-9	1981	However, the H-protein from the patient could stimulate the P-protein catalyzed exchange of the carboxyl carbon of glycine with 14CO2, although the specific activity of the purified H-protein from the patient was only 4% of that of control human H-protein.	14co2	128-133	OCA2 melanosomal transmembrane protein	Homo sapiens	60-69
6790577-9	1981	However, the H-protein from the patient could stimulate the P-protein catalyzed exchange of the carboxyl carbon of glycine with 14CO2, although the specific activity of the purified H-protein from the patient was only 4% of that of control human H-protein.	14co2	128-133	myosin binding protein H	Homo sapiens	182-191
6790577-9	1981	However, the H-protein from the patient could stimulate the P-protein catalyzed exchange of the carboxyl carbon of glycine with 14CO2, although the specific activity of the purified H-protein from the patient was only 4% of that of control human H-protein.	14co2	128-133	myosin binding protein H	Homo sapiens	182-191
6263582-3	1981	The effectiveness of in vivo treatment with LH in inducing ovarian ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, measured in 20,000 X g supernatants by the in vitro formation of 14CO2 from labeled ornithine, increased significantly during prepubertal development (days 21-33), paralleling the changes in hCG receptors.	14co2	172-177	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-90
6263582-3	1981	The effectiveness of in vivo treatment with LH in inducing ovarian ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, measured in 20,000 X g supernatants by the in vitro formation of 14CO2 from labeled ornithine, increased significantly during prepubertal development (days 21-33), paralleling the changes in hCG receptors.	14co2	172-177	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
6778684-2	1981	Judging by the minimal concentration of hormone needed to produce a statistically significant response, hGH was 3-10 times as potent as Da1 and Dc2 in increasing the oxidation of [U-14C]glucose to 14CO2, hGH and Da1 were equipotent in stimulating the oxidation of L-[1-14C]leucine to 14CO2, antagonizing the lipolytic effect of epinephrine, and inducing refractoriness to the insulin-like action of hGH.	14co2	197-202	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 4-11 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	136-139
6778684-2	1981	Judging by the minimal concentration of hormone needed to produce a statistically significant response, hGH was 3-10 times as potent as Da1 and Dc2 in increasing the oxidation of [U-14C]glucose to 14CO2, hGH and Da1 were equipotent in stimulating the oxidation of L-[1-14C]leucine to 14CO2, antagonizing the lipolytic effect of epinephrine, and inducing refractoriness to the insulin-like action of hGH.	14co2	197-202	monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	144-147
6778684-2	1981	Judging by the minimal concentration of hormone needed to produce a statistically significant response, hGH was 3-10 times as potent as Da1 and Dc2 in increasing the oxidation of [U-14C]glucose to 14CO2, hGH and Da1 were equipotent in stimulating the oxidation of L-[1-14C]leucine to 14CO2, antagonizing the lipolytic effect of epinephrine, and inducing refractoriness to the insulin-like action of hGH.	14co2	284-289	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 4-11 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	136-139
6778684-2	1981	Judging by the minimal concentration of hormone needed to produce a statistically significant response, hGH was 3-10 times as potent as Da1 and Dc2 in increasing the oxidation of [U-14C]glucose to 14CO2, hGH and Da1 were equipotent in stimulating the oxidation of L-[1-14C]leucine to 14CO2, antagonizing the lipolytic effect of epinephrine, and inducing refractoriness to the insulin-like action of hGH.	14co2	284-289	monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	144-147
6778684-2	1981	Judging by the minimal concentration of hormone needed to produce a statistically significant response, hGH was 3-10 times as potent as Da1 and Dc2 in increasing the oxidation of [U-14C]glucose to 14CO2, hGH and Da1 were equipotent in stimulating the oxidation of L-[1-14C]leucine to 14CO2, antagonizing the lipolytic effect of epinephrine, and inducing refractoriness to the insulin-like action of hGH.	14co2	284-289	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 4-11 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	212-215
7021388-1	1981	The acute effects of growth hormone on the oxidation of [1-14C]-pyruvate to 14CO2 were studied in epididymal adipose tissue obtained from hypophysectomized rats.	14co2	76-81	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	21-35
6172520-3	1981	HBsAg was quantitated by enzymatic conversion of L[14C]glutamic acid to 14CO2 and gamma-aminobutyric acid by glutamate decarboxylase (GDC) conjugated wih goat anti-HGs IgG.	14co2	72-77	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	134-137
6993467-1	1980	The enzyme which oxidizes alpha-keto[1-14C]isocaproate to 14CO2 is activated by incubation of adipose tissue segments with insulin.	14co2	58-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	123-130
6777158-7	1980	In 14CO2-fixation experiments, the activity of pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.2.1) amounts to about 3 nmol x min-1 x mg protein-1 under similar conditions.	14co2	3-8	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	47-67
360750-4	1978	The metabolic effect of insulin was expressed as percent increase above control 14CO2 production.	14co2	80-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
227588-3	1979	More than 50% of the dose of BOP and HPOP was exhaled as 14CO2, whereas 26% of BHP was excreted this way, and 40% of BHP was excreted unchanged in the urine.	14co2	57-62	opsin 1, short wave sensitive	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
394169-6	1979	The cumulative percent 14CO2 recovered from oxidation of 14C-6-glucose 1 h after growth hormone injection exceeded that recovered from oxidation of 14C-1-glucose.	14co2	23-28	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	81-95
670179-8	1978	The lipase acts on the triglycerides to liberate free fatty acids that are then oxidized to 14CO2 or lost into the medium.	14co2	92-97	lipase, endothelial	Mus musculus	4-10
6250983-3	1980	The production of 14CO2 from glucose and labelled acetate was also statistically increased (P < 0.01) by prolactin (from 15.15 to 25.32 nmoles CO2/hour/10(8) sperm cells) as well as by dbcAMP (15.15 to 34.95 nmoles CO2/hour/10(8) sperm cells).	14co2	18-23	prolactin	Canis lupus familiaris	108-117
103777-0	1979	Detection of carcinogen-induced stimulation of cytochrome P-448-associated enzymes by 14CO2 breath analysis studies using dimethylaminoazobenzene.	14co2	86-91	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	47-63
743991-0	1978	In vitro insulin-stimulated conversion of [U-14C]glucose to 14CO2 by rat thymocytes.	14co2	60-65	insulin	Bos taurus	9-16
743991-1	1978	Addition of bovine insulin to thymocytes from adrenalectomized rats resulted in stimulation of [U-14C]glucose conversion to 14CO2.	14co2	124-129	insulin	Bos taurus	19-26
743991-2	1978	A significant enhancement of 14CO2 formation by insulin occurred by 30 min of incubation, and was consistently observed at an insulin concentration of 10(-8) M. The response to insulin was similar at 0.55 and 1.1 mM glucose, and was obtained at three cell concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 X 10(8) cells/ml).	14co2	29-34	insulin	Bos taurus	48-55
743991-5	1978	We conclude that insulin can enhance the formation of 14CO2 from [U-14C]glucose by thymocytes in vitro, and that this response may require the synthesis of one or more proteins.	14co2	54-59	insulin	Bos taurus	17-24
743991-2	1978	A significant enhancement of 14CO2 formation by insulin occurred by 30 min of incubation, and was consistently observed at an insulin concentration of 10(-8) M. The response to insulin was similar at 0.55 and 1.1 mM glucose, and was obtained at three cell concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 X 10(8) cells/ml).	14co2	29-34	insulin	Bos taurus	126-133
743991-2	1978	A significant enhancement of 14CO2 formation by insulin occurred by 30 min of incubation, and was consistently observed at an insulin concentration of 10(-8) M. The response to insulin was similar at 0.55 and 1.1 mM glucose, and was obtained at three cell concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 X 10(8) cells/ml).	14co2	29-34	insulin	Bos taurus	126-133
743991-4	1978	Cycloheximide, at a level of 2.5 X 10(-5) M, suppressed [3H]leucine incorporation by 93% and inhibited the stimulation of 14CO2 formation by insulin.	14co2	122-127	insulin	Bos taurus	141-148
629746-2	1978	The corresponding porphyrinogen was used as substrate in a specific sensitive assay for coproporphyrinogen oxidase (EC 1.3.3.3) in which the rate of production of 14CO2 is measured.	14co2	163-168	coproporphyrinogen oxidase	Rattus norvegicus	88-114
967015-1	1976	The effect of varying concentrations of insulin on 1-14C-glucose conversion to 14CO2 was measured in subcutaneous adipose tissue samples obtained from 16 obese human subjects (10 nondiabetic, 6 diabetic).	14co2	79-84	insulin	Homo sapiens	40-47
200341-6	1977	Pretreatment with disulfiram or CS2 causes a complete, although transient, inhibition of exhaled 14CO2, decreases urinary MAM, and increases significantly the levels of unmetabolized AOM in the exhaled air and in urine.	14co2	97-102	calsyntenin 2	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
909953-2	1977	In hypophysectomized rats, found to oxidize ornithine at rates comparable to those of normal rats, an acute treatment of growth hormone 4 hours before injection of L-ornithine-1-14C caused a 39% increase in the peak specific activity of carbon dioxide and a 24% increase in the 14CO2 recovered in 5 hours.	14co2	278-283	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	121-135
182937-9	1976	Significant regression coefficients for activities of adipose enzymes associated with increased lipogenesis produced for 6PGD a response surface concave upward due to negative linear and positive quadratic coefficients for both D and E. For G6PD and ME regression surfaces were concave upward with respect to E, but these were modified by positive and negative linear coefficients, respectively, for D. Significant regression coefficients for incorporation of the 14C of glucose into triglycerides and free fatty acids of adipose tissue slices and their production of 14CO2 yielded response surfaces concave upward with respect to E (negative linear and positive quadratic coefficients).	14co2	568-573	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	241-245
559608-5	1977	14CO2 production from 14C-1-glucose was stimulated by insulin in cultured lymphocytes and this effect was blunted by S-sulphonate A-chain.	14co2	0-5	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
967015-2	1976	An index of insulin sensitivity in vitro, Kins, was calculated as the concentration of insulin stimulating one-half maximal 14CO2 production.	14co2	124-129	insulin	Homo sapiens	12-19
967015-2	1976	An index of insulin sensitivity in vitro, Kins, was calculated as the concentration of insulin stimulating one-half maximal 14CO2 production.	14co2	124-129	insulin	Homo sapiens	87-94
1253528-3	1976	Production of 14CO2, measured in the basal state and in the presence of insulin, was significantly correlated with mean cell size in both the non-diabetic and the diabetic subjects, independent of age, relative weight and fasting plasma insulin concentration.	14co2	14-19	insulin	Homo sapiens	72-79
962864-3	1976	This permitted the measurement of ornithine decarboxylase in the presence of mitochondria by using the 14CO2-trapping technique.	14co2	103-108	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-57
1253528-3	1976	Production of 14CO2, measured in the basal state and in the presence of insulin, was significantly correlated with mean cell size in both the non-diabetic and the diabetic subjects, independent of age, relative weight and fasting plasma insulin concentration.	14co2	14-19	insulin	Homo sapiens	237-244
172320-3	1975	Formation of 14CO2 from glucose labeled either in the C-1 or C-6 position was studied to estimate the pentose phosphate shunt activity.	14co2	13-18	oogenesin 1	Mus musculus	54-57
172320-3	1975	Formation of 14CO2 from glucose labeled either in the C-1 or C-6 position was studied to estimate the pentose phosphate shunt activity.	14co2	13-18	complement component 6	Mus musculus	61-64
235021-2	1975	Intraperitoneal administration of 2-hydroxy-5-carbomethoxybenzyloxyamine, a new potent inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase, reduced the rate of 14CO2 production from C-His and R-His in a dose-dependent manner.	14co2	145-150	histidine decarboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	100-123
4649841-0	1972	[In-vitro stimulation of gluconeogenesis from pyruvate and 14CO2 fixation in kidney cortex of adrenalectomized rat using dexamethasone phosphate and vasopressin].	14co2	59-64	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	149-160
241628-2	1975	In static tests at pH 4.5, chelates of Mn(II), Fe(II) and Co(II) photodegraded to give 14CO2 and CH2O.	14co2	87-92	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	58-64
11966537-6	2002	Cell proliferation was assessed by [3H]-thymidine incorporation, viability by MTT assay and LDH release test, ODC enzyme activity by 14CO2 counts from L-[1(14)C]ornithine, and ODC mRNA by Northern blotting.	14co2	133-138	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	110-113
5551907-0	1971	Biosynthesis of lupin alkaloids from 14CO2 evidence for the independent formation of lupanine and sparteine.	14co2	37-42	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IIIA	Homo sapiens	16-21
31399494-12	2019	Maximum velocity of uptake transport, CYP3A4 clearance, total passive diffusion, and others were found to collectively control 14CO2 production rates.	14co2	127-132	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	38-44
19440938-4	2009	Cell ODC activities were assayed using 14CO2 generation from 14C-labeled L-ornithine.	14co2	39-44	ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1	Mus musculus	5-8
19440939-6	2009	Cell ODC activities were assayed using 14CO2 generation from 14C-labeled L-ornithine.	14co2	39-44	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	5-8
19440939-9	2009	ODC activity was estimated by the 14CO2 generated from 14C-labeled L-ornithine, as generated d.p.m.	14co2	34-39	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
15746331-12	2005	g of turf soil(-1) degraded physiologically relevant amounts of hexanoyl-[1-14C]HSL to 14CO2.	14co2	87-92	lipase E, hormone sensitive type	Homo sapiens	80-83
14763899-4	2004	Published evidence for a mammalian ADC is based on (i) assays using mitochondrial extracts showing production of 14CO2 from [1-14C]arginine and (ii) cloned cDNA sequences that have been claimed to represent ADC.	14co2	113-118	antizyme inhibitor 2	Homo sapiens	35-38
14656049-4	2003	Insulin"s stimulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase as measured by lactate oxidation ([1-14C]-lactate --> 14CO2) in intact BC3H-1 myocytes reached a maximum at 15-30 min and returned to basal activity during the 60-90 min measurement interval.	14co2	105-110	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
27730346-4	2016	The effect of hSTC-1 on de novo fatty acid synthesis and on glucose oxidation in WRAT is supported by an 85 % increase in 14CO2 production from 14C-glucose.	14co2	122-127	stanniocalcin 1	Homo sapiens	14-20
18805949-4	2009	Upon transfer to normal air, the go1 mutant became necrotic within 7 d and plants died within 15 d. Providing [1-14C]glycolate to leaf tissue of go1 mutants in darkness confirmed that the substrate is inefficiently converted to 14CO2, but both wild-type and GO-deficient mutant seedlings metabolized [1-14C]glycine similarly to produce [14C]serine and 14CO2 in a 1:1 ratio, suggesting that the photorespiratory pathway is otherwise normal in the mutant.	14co2	228-233	glycolate oxidase 1	Zea mays	33-36
18805949-4	2009	Upon transfer to normal air, the go1 mutant became necrotic within 7 d and plants died within 15 d. Providing [1-14C]glycolate to leaf tissue of go1 mutants in darkness confirmed that the substrate is inefficiently converted to 14CO2, but both wild-type and GO-deficient mutant seedlings metabolized [1-14C]glycine similarly to produce [14C]serine and 14CO2 in a 1:1 ratio, suggesting that the photorespiratory pathway is otherwise normal in the mutant.	14co2	352-357	glycolate oxidase 1	Zea mays	33-36
18331742-4	2008	Results showed that the stimulatory effect of insulin upon 14CO2 and 3H2O production in control islets was not observed in SRD islets.	14co2	59-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
18331742-5	2008	Addition of anti-insulin serum, nifedipine or wortmannin to the medium with 16.7 mM glucose decreased 14CO2 and 3H2O production in control but not in SRD islets.	14co2	102-107	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
16300682-8	2005	The rate of oxidation of [2-14C]-acetate, and [5-14C]-glutamate to 14CO2 by liver slices from PEPCK-C-/- mice at two days of age was greatly reduced, as was the rate of fatty acid synthesis from acetate and glucose.	14co2	67-72	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic	Mus musculus	94-101
13129856-4	2004	Insulin significantly enhanced 14CO2 and 3H2O production with 3.3 mM glucose but not with 0.6, 8.3, or 16.7 mM glucose.	14co2	31-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
13129856-5	2004	Addition of anti-insulin serum to the medium with 8.3 and 16.7 mM glucose decreased 14CO2 and 3H2O production significantly.	14co2	84-89	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
11286504-3	2001	Suckling GALT-deficient (G/G) mice slowly oxidized [1-14C]galactose to 14CO2, 4.0% of the dose when fed and 7.9% when fasted compared to normal animals 38.3 and 36.4% in 4 h, respectively.	14co2	71-76	galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase	Mus musculus	9-13
22896900-4	2002	There was an increase in HMP shunt activity as measured by rate of formation of 14CO2 from [1-14C]-glucose in PMNs of lung cancer patients.	14co2	80-85	inner membrane mitochondrial protein	Homo sapiens	25-28
11485163-6	2001	Higher concentrations of palmitic acid (200 to 400 microM) were associated with a significant decrease in the production of 14CO2 in the ACBP-27 cell line than in the control cells, while lower concentrations had no effect.	14co2	124-129	diazepam binding inhibitor	Rattus norvegicus	137-141
10999732-6	2000	The breath 14CO2 flux (CERt) was estimated at 11 time points over 2 h. On day 2, the EBT was repeated midway through a 10-min infusion of 100 mg of erythromycin lactobionate, and the plasma pharmacokinetics of erythromycin were determined.	14co2	11-16	ceramide transporter 1	Homo sapiens	23-27
10983521-6	2000	These species comparisons were evaluated against toxicokinetic studies conducted in animals exposed by nose-only inhalation to 20 ppm 14C-labeled CCl4 for 4 h. The toxicokinetic study results are consistent with the in vivo rates of metabolism, with rats eliminating less radioactivity associated with metabolism (14CO2 and urine/feces) and more radioactivity associated with the parent compound (radioactivity trapped on charcoal) compared to either hamsters or mice.	14co2	314-319	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	146-150
10360831-7	1999	We demonstrated that over-expression of bcl-2 inhibited LND-induced apoptosis, while reducing 14CO2 production, oxygen uptake and ATP content, whereas aerobic lactate production was essentially unaffected.	14co2	94-99	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	40-45